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Subject: RE: [Asrg] 2.a.1 Analysis of Actual Spam Data - Titan Key reduces spam attacks 
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Thread-Topic: [Asrg] 2.a.1 Analysis of Actual Spam Data - Titan Key reduces spam attacks 
Thread-Index: AcNX1UcJLmxI1jQEQoOHmb5vc/KyOwAKteog
From: "Peter Kay" <peter@titankey.com>
To: "Alan DeKok" <aland@freeradius.org>, <asrg@ietf.org>
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Date: Thu, 31 Jul 2003 21:42:54 -1000
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I think you've laid out a good foundation. We would be happy to provide
reasonable computing/account/domain/etc resources to assist.

Peter

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Alan DeKok [mailto:aland@freeradius.org]=20
> Sent: Thursday, July 31, 2003 4:28 PM
> To: asrg@ietf.org
> Subject: Re: [Asrg] 2.a.1 Analysis of Actual Spam Data -=20
> Titan Key reduces spam attacks=20
>=20
>=20
> Paul Judge <paul.judge@ciphertrust.com> wrote:
> > He has put forth some very preliminary data. He is requesting input=20
> > towards a better analysis. Those that have constructive feedback=20
> > please provide it.
>=20
>   "More data, please!"
>=20
> > Ok, what else would be interesting to see?
>=20
>   There was some discussion on this topic a few months ago,=20
> but it got lost in the volume of list traffic.
>=20
> > A broader set of test cases ( more addresses, different=20
> domains, ...)=20
> > A control set of email addresses with different systems (no spam=20
> > detection, detection with a different response such as: DSN,=20
> > challenge, etc) What else?
>=20
>   I believe that there are three orthogonal characterizations:
>=20
> 	a) time
> 	b) recipient domain or name
> 	c) anti-spam system
>=20
>   For each combination of (time, recipient, anti-spam), there=20
> are two numbers which should be collected:
>=20
> 	a) total number of messages received
> 	b) of that, the number of messages determined to be spam
>=20
>=20
>   To avoid political issues, I would suggest that=20
> sender-oriented measurements should be explicitely not asked=20
> for, or collected.  I would also suggest that the anti-spam=20
> systems be explicitely not named, other than as a broad=20
> characterization such as "challenge-response", etc.
>=20
>   An independent third party should collect these=20
> measurements.  I believe there was a volunteer a few months=20
> back, who was waiting for consensus from the group, before he=20
> would start the actual collection of data.
>=20
>   The data analysis should be fairly straightforward.  After=20
> a cursory evaluation of the data to avoid political issues,=20
> the raw data should be made available to all.  Multiple=20
> independent analyses can then be done.
>=20
>=20
>   Other measurements which should be done are measurements of=20
> SMTP weirdness which doesn't involve message delivery.  e.g.=20
> "connect, EHLO, disconnect".  These behaviours are closely=20
> related to spam, but in many cases do NOT involve anti-spam=20
> systems, as no messages are delivered.  I believe that the=20
> anti-spam systems can then be further sub-divided into two=20
> categories: message-based systems, and network/SMTP systems.
>=20
>   Alan DeKok.
>=20
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg
>=20
>=20
>=20



_______________________________________________
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From: "Tom Thomson" <tthomson@neosinteractive.com>
To: "Peter Kay" <peter@titankey.com>, <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] 2.a.1 Analysis of Actual Spam Data - Titan Key reduces spam attacks
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Date: Fri, 1 Aug 2003 10:43:01 +0100

This is a multi-part message in MIME format.

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MessageI didn't intend "ropy" to mean anything more than "layman" or
"amateur", I'm sorry if you took as meaning something I didn't intend.

I'm afraid I can't honestly call myself a statistician as it's getting on
for 40 years since I did any academic statistics and although I have used it
sporadically since I'm not really competent any more.

Comparing against addresses with similar prior exposure using different
anti-spam techniques would be very useful.  As there's no clear upward trend
in the data, I suspect Titan Key is actually doing something useful.
However, behavioue for addresses with no current exposure is only one
measure of an anti-spam system; nehaviour for addresses that have ongoing
current exposure (displayed on websites, listed in directories, used for
posting to bitnet mail lists and usenet news groups) is also important and
may be very different.

I think if you graph your data using 7 day and 14 day moving averages you
will be able to see more clearly what is happening - the avegaing eliminates
a lot of the "noise" of day to day fluctuations.

Looking at your data, the way I would describe it is that it started out at
bit under 40, rose fairly quickly over a couple of weeks to about 50 where
it remained fairly steady for a few weeks, then fell over a couple of weeks
to about 35, where it was steady for a short time but soon began a slow rise
to a bit over 40 and has been pretty stable at that level since. It may be
about to turn down again, or turn up again, or stay fairly stable where it
is - but where it is now is a little higher than where it started, not a
little lower. On that kind of performance I wouldn't want to predict a long
term trend - the envelope may be periodic with a period slightly longer than
we have data for (a fairly long term average has gone up and down and up
again , which may be noise or may be an indication of a cycle) so fitting a
straight line to the data is not productive.

I don't have other unexposed addresses to compare your data with; highly
exposed adresses without something like Titan Key have (in my experience at
least) strong upward spam trends, but there's no knowing on what data I have
whether that's an effect of Titan key or an effect of the different
exposures.

Anyway, keep up the good work - all data is useful if we want to understand
the effects of various anti-spam measures.

Tom


  -----Original Message-----
  From: Peter Kay [mailto:peter@titankey.com]
  Sent: 31 July 2003 21:07
  To: Tom Thomson; asrg@ietf.org
  Subject: RE: [Asrg] 2.a.1 Analysis of Actual Spam Data - Titan Key reduces
spam attacks



  if you discard days 94 and 106 there is still a downward trend. Now, let
me be the first to raise my hand to say I'm not a statistician. So perhaps
your application of "ropy" might be more accurately expressed as "layman".
  But the numbers are there for everyone to see. And please, if there's
someone here who can honestly call themselves a statistician please step
forward and lend us your wisdom.

  The trend is either up, flat, or down. According to the linear regression
trendline, the trend is down. If there is a statistical definition of
"significant" then of course lets apply it. But if we're going to apply it
then lets also apply this trend against ANYONE elses trend that is not using
Titan Key.

  And then decide if one using a Titan Key email address reduces their spam
over time vs. someone that uses any other anti-spam approach.

  Peter





    -----Original Message-----
    From: Tom Thomson [mailto:tthomson@neosinteractive.com]
    Sent: Thursday, July 31, 2003 9:19 AM
    To: Peter Kay; asrg@ietf.org
    Subject: RE: [Asrg] 2.a.1 Analysis of Actual Spam Data - Titan Key
reduces spam attacks


    eems to me that you have done some pretty ropy analysis.

    did you discard the obviously anomalous outlier at day 106?

    I did some quick analysis after discarding day 94 and day 106.
Conclusion: no significant trend.  There may be a slight tren for the counts
to increase, but it certainly isn't something I would bet on from this data.
I certainly wouldn't claim a decreasing trend.

    Tom


      -----Original Message-----
      From: asrg-admin@ietf.org [mailto:asrg-admin@ietf.org]On Behalf Of
Peter Kay
      Sent: 31 July 2003 19:32
      To: asrg@ietf.org
      Subject: [Asrg] 2.a.1 Analysis of Actual Spam Data - Titan Key reduces
spam attacks


      I've posted an updated log file analysis of spam sent to
peterk@cyber-hawaii.com which is an old email address of mine that is still
in use but under the protection of The Titan Key.

      that log file is at: http://www.titankey.com/misc/logs/logPK.xls

      We're happy to report that with about 100 days of analysis, the trend
of spam attacks to this email address is DOWN.  To our knowledge this is the
only anti-spam software that has demonstrated this capability.

      As we've mentioned before, our technology responds with a 550 no such
user after analyzing the MAIL FROM and RCPT TO against a consent database.
This has the dual benefit of saving bandwidth (email contents are never
sent) and, as shown above, reducing the attacks over time.

      Peter

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<HTML><HEAD><TITLE>Message</TITLE>
<META http-equiv=3DContent-Type content=3D"text/html; =
charset=3Dus-ascii">
<META content=3D"MSHTML 6.00.2800.1170" name=3DGENERATOR></HEAD>
<BODY>
<DIV><SPAN class=3D851010309-01082003><FONT face=3DArial color=3D#0000ff =
size=3D2>I=20
didn't intend "ropy" to mean anything more than "layman" or "amateur", =
I'm sorry=20
if you took as meaning something I didn't intend.</FONT></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=3D851010309-01082003><FONT face=3DArial color=3D#0000ff =

size=3D2></FONT></SPAN>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=3D851010309-01082003><FONT face=3DArial color=3D#0000ff =
size=3D2>I'm=20
afraid I can't honestly call myself a statistician as it's getting on =
for 40=20
years since I did any academic statistics and although I have used it=20
sporadically since I'm not really competent any =
more.</FONT></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=3D851010309-01082003><FONT face=3DArial color=3D#0000ff =

size=3D2></FONT></SPAN>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=3D851010309-01082003><FONT face=3DArial color=3D#0000ff =

size=3D2>Comparing against addresses with similar prior exposure using =
different=20
anti-spam techniques would be very useful.&nbsp; As there's no clear =
upward=20
trend in the data, I suspect Titan Key is actually doing something=20
useful.&nbsp;&nbsp; However, behavioue for addresses with no current =
exposure is=20
only one measure of an anti-spam system; nehaviour for addresses that =
have=20
ongoing current exposure (displayed on websites, listed in directories, =
used for=20
posting to bitnet mail lists and usenet news groups) is also important =
and may=20
be very different.</FONT></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=3D851010309-01082003><FONT face=3DArial color=3D#0000ff =

size=3D2></FONT></SPAN>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=3D851010309-01082003><FONT face=3DArial color=3D#0000ff =
size=3D2>I=20
think if you graph your data using 7 day and 14 day moving averages you =
will be=20
able to see more clearly what is happening - the avegaing eliminates a =
lot of=20
the "noise" of day to day fluctuations.</FONT></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=3D851010309-01082003><FONT face=3DArial color=3D#0000ff =

size=3D2></FONT></SPAN>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=3D851010309-01082003><FONT face=3DArial color=3D#0000ff =

size=3D2>Looking at your data, the way I would describe it is that it =
started out=20
at bit under 40, rose fairly quickly over a couple of weeks to =
about&nbsp;50=20
where it remained fairly steady for a few&nbsp;weeks, then fell over a =
couple of=20
weeks to about 35, where it was steady for a short time but soon began a =
slow=20
rise to a bit over 40 and has been pretty stable at that level since. It =
may be=20
about to turn down again, or turn up again, or stay fairly stable where =
it is -=20
but where it is now is a little higher than where it started, not a =
little=20
lower.&nbsp;On that kind of performance I wouldn't want to predict a =
long term=20
trend - the envelope may be periodic with a period slightly longer than =
we have=20
data for (a fairly long&nbsp;term average has&nbsp;gone up and down and =
up again=20
, which may be noise or may be an indication of a cycle) so fitting a =
straight=20
line to the data is not productive.</FONT></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=3D851010309-01082003><FONT face=3DArial color=3D#0000ff =

size=3D2></FONT></SPAN>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=3D851010309-01082003><FONT face=3DArial color=3D#0000ff =
size=3D2>I=20
don't have other unexposed addresses to compare your data with; highly =
exposed=20
adresses without something like Titan Key have (in my experience at =
least)=20
strong upward spam trends, but there's no knowing on what data I have =
whether=20
that's an effect of Titan key or an effect of the different=20
exposures.</FONT></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=3D851010309-01082003><FONT face=3DArial color=3D#0000ff =

size=3D2></FONT></SPAN>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=3D851010309-01082003><FONT face=3DArial color=3D#0000ff =

size=3D2>Anyway, keep up the good work - all data is useful if we want =
to=20
understand the effects of various anti-spam =
measures.</FONT></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=3D851010309-01082003><FONT face=3DArial color=3D#0000ff =

size=3D2></FONT></SPAN>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=3D851010309-01082003><FONT face=3DArial color=3D#0000ff =

size=3D2>Tom</FONT></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=3D851010309-01082003><FONT face=3DArial color=3D#0000ff =

size=3D2></FONT></SPAN>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=3D851010309-01082003><FONT face=3DArial color=3D#0000ff =

size=3D2></FONT></SPAN>&nbsp;</DIV>
<BLOCKQUOTE dir=3Dltr style=3D"MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px">
  <DIV class=3DOutlookMessageHeader dir=3Dltr align=3Dleft><FONT =
face=3DTahoma=20
  size=3D2>-----Original Message-----<BR><B>From:</B> Peter Kay=20
  [mailto:peter@titankey.com]<BR><B>Sent:</B> 31 July 2003 =
21:07<BR><B>To:</B>=20
  Tom Thomson; asrg@ietf.org<BR><B>Subject:</B> RE: [Asrg] 2.a.1 =
Analysis of=20
  Actual Spam Data - Titan Key reduces spam attacks<BR><BR></FONT></DIV>
  <DIV><FONT face=3DArial color=3D#0000ff size=3D2><SPAN=20
  class=3D313195819-31072003></SPAN></FONT><FONT face=3DArial =
color=3D#0000ff=20
  size=3D2><SPAN class=3D313195819-31072003></SPAN></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
  <DIV><FONT face=3DArial color=3D#0000ff size=3D2><SPAN =
class=3D313195819-31072003>if=20
  you discard days&nbsp;94 and 106 there is still a downward trend. Now, =
let me=20
  be the first to raise my hand to say I'm not a statistician. So =
perhaps your=20
  application of "ropy" might be more accurately expressed as =
"layman".&nbsp;=20
  </SPAN></FONT></DIV>
  <DIV><FONT face=3DArial color=3D#0000ff size=3D2><SPAN =
class=3D313195819-31072003>But=20
  the numbers are there for everyone to see. And please, if there's =
someone here=20
  who can honestly call themselves a statistician please step forward =
and lend=20
  us your wisdom.</SPAN></FONT></DIV>
  <DIV><FONT face=3DArial color=3D#0000ff size=3D2><SPAN=20
  class=3D313195819-31072003></SPAN></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
  <DIV><FONT face=3DArial color=3D#0000ff size=3D2><SPAN =
class=3D313195819-31072003>The=20
  trend is either up, flat, or down. According to the linear regression=20
  trendline, the trend is down.&nbsp;</SPAN></FONT><FONT face=3DArial=20
  color=3D#0000ff size=3D2><SPAN class=3D313195819-31072003>If there is =
a statistical=20
  definition of "significant" then of course lets apply it. =
</SPAN></FONT><FONT=20
  face=3DArial color=3D#0000ff size=3D2><SPAN =
class=3D313195819-31072003>But if we're=20
  going to apply it then lets also apply this trend against ANYONE elses =
trend=20
  that is not using Titan Key.&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></FONT></DIV>
  <DIV><FONT face=3DArial color=3D#0000ff size=3D2><SPAN=20
  class=3D313195819-31072003></SPAN></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
  <DIV><FONT face=3DArial color=3D#0000ff size=3D2><SPAN =
class=3D313195819-31072003>And=20
  then decide if one using a Titan Key email address reduces their spam =
over=20
  time vs. someone that uses any other anti-spam =
approach.</SPAN></FONT></DIV>
  <DIV><FONT face=3DArial color=3D#0000ff size=3D2><SPAN=20
  class=3D313195819-31072003></SPAN></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
  <DIV><FONT face=3DArial color=3D#0000ff size=3D2><SPAN=20
  class=3D313195819-31072003>Peter</SPAN></FONT></DIV>
  <DIV><FONT face=3DArial color=3D#0000ff size=3D2><SPAN=20
  class=3D313195819-31072003></SPAN></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
  <DIV><FONT face=3DArial color=3D#0000ff size=3D2><SPAN=20
  class=3D313195819-31072003></SPAN></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
  <DIV><FONT face=3DArial color=3D#0000ff size=3D2><SPAN=20
  class=3D313195819-31072003></SPAN></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
  <DIV><FONT face=3DArial color=3D#0000ff size=3D2><SPAN=20
  class=3D313195819-31072003></SPAN></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
  <DIV><FONT face=3DArial color=3D#0000ff size=3D2><SPAN=20
  class=3D313195819-31072003></SPAN></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
  <BLOCKQUOTE dir=3Dltr=20
  style=3D"PADDING-LEFT: 5px; MARGIN-LEFT: 5px; BORDER-LEFT: #0000ff 2px =
solid; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px">
    <DIV></DIV>
    <DIV class=3DOutlookMessageHeader lang=3Den-us dir=3Dltr =
align=3Dleft><FONT=20
    face=3DTahoma size=3D2>-----Original Message-----<BR><B>From:</B> =
Tom Thomson=20
    [mailto:tthomson@neosinteractive.com] <BR><B>Sent:</B> Thursday, =
July 31,=20
    2003 9:19 AM<BR><B>To:</B> Peter Kay; =
asrg@ietf.org<BR><B>Subject:</B> RE:=20
    [Asrg] 2.a.1 Analysis of Actual Spam Data - Titan Key reduces spam=20
    attacks<BR><BR></FONT></DIV>
    <DIV><SPAN class=3D945151419-31072003><FONT face=3DArial =
color=3D#0000ff=20
    size=3D2>eems to me that you have done some pretty ropy=20
    analysis.</FONT></SPAN></DIV>
    <DIV><SPAN class=3D945151419-31072003><FONT face=3DArial =
color=3D#0000ff=20
    size=3D2></FONT></SPAN>&nbsp;</DIV>
    <DIV><SPAN class=3D945151419-31072003><FONT face=3DArial =
color=3D#0000ff=20
    size=3D2>did you discard the obviously anomalous outlier at day=20
    106?</FONT></SPAN></DIV>
    <DIV><SPAN class=3D945151419-31072003><FONT face=3DArial =
color=3D#0000ff=20
    size=3D2></FONT></SPAN>&nbsp;</DIV>
    <DIV><SPAN class=3D945151419-31072003><FONT face=3DArial =
color=3D#0000ff size=3D2>I=20
    did some quick analysis after discarding day 94 and day 106.&nbsp;=20
    Conclusion: no significant trend.&nbsp; There may be a slight tren =
for the=20
    counts to increase, but it certainly isn't something I would bet on =
from=20
    this data.&nbsp; I certainly wouldn't claim a decreasing=20
    trend.</FONT></SPAN></DIV>
    <DIV><SPAN class=3D945151419-31072003><FONT face=3DArial =
color=3D#0000ff=20
    size=3D2></FONT></SPAN>&nbsp;</DIV>
    <DIV><SPAN class=3D945151419-31072003><FONT face=3DArial =
color=3D#0000ff=20
    size=3D2>Tom</FONT></SPAN></DIV>
    <DIV><SPAN class=3D945151419-31072003><FONT face=3DArial =
color=3D#0000ff=20
    size=3D2></FONT></SPAN>&nbsp;</DIV>
    <DIV><SPAN class=3D945151419-31072003><FONT face=3DArial =
color=3D#0000ff=20
    size=3D2></FONT></SPAN>&nbsp;</DIV>
    <BLOCKQUOTE dir=3Dltr style=3D"MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px">
      <DIV class=3DOutlookMessageHeader dir=3Dltr align=3Dleft><FONT =
face=3DTahoma=20
      size=3D2>-----Original Message-----<BR><B>From:</B> =
asrg-admin@ietf.org=20
      [mailto:asrg-admin@ietf.org]<B>On Behalf Of </B>Peter =
Kay<BR><B>Sent:</B>=20
      31 July 2003 19:32<BR><B>To:</B> asrg@ietf.org<BR><B>Subject:</B> =
[Asrg]=20
      2.a.1 Analysis of Actual Spam Data - Titan Key reduces spam=20
      attacks<BR><BR></FONT></DIV>
      <DIV><SPAN class=3D493302218-31072003><FONT face=3DArial =
size=3D2>I've posted an=20
      updated log file analysis of spam sent to </FONT><A=20
      href=3D"mailto:peterk@cyber-hawaii.com"><FONT face=3DArial =
color=3D#000000=20
      size=3D2>peterk@cyber-hawaii.com</FONT></A><FONT face=3DArial=20
      size=3D2>&nbsp;</FONT></SPAN><SPAN =
class=3D493302218-31072003><FONT face=3DArial=20
      size=3D2>which is an old email address of mine that is still in =
use but=20
      under the protection of The Titan Key. </FONT></SPAN></DIV>
      <DIV><SPAN class=3D493302218-31072003><FONT face=3DArial=20
      size=3D2></FONT></SPAN>&nbsp;</DIV>
      <DIV><SPAN class=3D493302218-31072003><FONT face=3DArial =
size=3D2>that log file=20
      is at: <A=20
      =
href=3D"http://www.titankey.com/misc/logs/logPK.xls">http://www.titankey.=
com/misc/logs/logPK.xls</A><A=20
      href=3D"http://www.titankey.com/"></A></FONT></SPAN></DIV>
      <DIV><SPAN class=3D493302218-31072003><FONT face=3DArial=20
      size=3D2></FONT></SPAN>&nbsp;</DIV>
      <DIV><SPAN class=3D493302218-31072003><FONT face=3DArial =
size=3D2>We're happy to=20
      report that with about 100 days of analysis, the trend of spam =
attacks to=20
      this email address is DOWN.&nbsp; To our knowledge this is the =
only=20
      anti-spam software that has demonstrated this capability.=20
      </FONT></SPAN></DIV>
      <DIV><SPAN class=3D493302218-31072003><FONT face=3DArial=20
      size=3D2></FONT></SPAN>&nbsp;</DIV>
      <DIV><SPAN class=3D493302218-31072003><FONT face=3DArial =
size=3D2>As we've=20
      mentioned before, our technology responds with a 550 no such user =
after=20
      analyzing the MAIL FROM and RCPT TO against a consent=20
      database.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; This has the dual benefit of saving =
bandwidth=20
      (email contents are never sent) and, as shown above, reducing the =
attacks=20
      over time.</FONT></SPAN></DIV>
      <DIV><SPAN class=3D493302218-31072003><FONT face=3DArial=20
      size=3D2></FONT></SPAN>&nbsp;</DIV>
      <DIV><SPAN class=3D493302218-31072003><FONT face=3DArial=20
      =
size=3D2>Peter</FONT></SPAN></DIV></BLOCKQUOTE></BLOCKQUOTE></BLOCKQUOTE>=
</BODY></HTML>

------=_NextPart_000_0014_01C35819.ADDF11D0--


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Subject: [Asrg] 0. General - News Article - Replacing SMTP
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Date: Fri, 01 Aug 2003 13:38:53 -0400

I just ran across the following news article from CNET's News.com which 
raises some interesting issues regarding proposals to replace the SMTP 
protocol. It also discusses the ASRG in some detail. Here is the link:

http://news.com.com/2102-1038_3-5058610.html


The articles raises some interesting issues regarding the basic debate over 
SMTP: to replace or not to replace. According to the current requirements 
draft and the technical considerations document, the ASRG is leaning 
towards solutions that do not impose a tremendous adoption burden on users, 
which would preclude replacing SMTP entirely now, but would definitely 
allow to such replacement long-term.

Some quotes:
-----snip-----
"The protocol that has defined e-mail for more than two decades may have a 
fatal flaw: It trusts you.  Developed when the Internet was used almost 
exclusively by academics, the Simple Mail Transfer Protocol, or SMTP, 
assumes that you are who you say you are. SMTP makes that assumption 
because it doesn't suspect that you're sending a Trojan horse virus, that 
you're making fraudulent pleas for money from the relations of deposed 
African dictators, or that you're hijacking somebody else's computer to 
send tens of millions of ads for herbal Viagra. In other words, SMTP trusts 
too much--and that has spam foes, security mavens and even an original 
architect of today's e-mail system agitating for an overhaul, if not an 
outright replacement, of the omnipresent protocol."

"While critics generally agree on what SMTP lacks, debate abounds on how to 
fix it. Some who worked on the protocol in its early days argue that it is 
flexible enough to have successfully evolved over the years--having 
absorbed numerous revisions and extensions--and that the authentication 
problem can be partially solved with existing technologies. "Authentication 
in SMTP is not that hard," Paul Hoffman, director of the Internet Mail 
Consortium and author of numerous computer-related books, wrote in an 
e-mail interview. "There is already a protocol for doing it, namely running 
SMTP over SSL/TLS. And, yes, I wrote it." (The SMTP over SSL/TLS protocol 
is available at the Internet Engineering Task Force's Web site.)  The hard 
part, according to Hoffman and others, is establishing the "trust 
relationships" required to back up any computer-based authentication 
scheme--in other words, verifying that a person is who he or she claims to 
be. The problem worsens, Hoffman said, when trying to design a system that 
authenticates mail servers, rather than individuals. In part, this is 
because a third party would have to determine whether an e-mail server is 
responsible for sending spam. That kind of responsibility--voluntarily 
assumed by operators of various spam blacklists--could be onerous and 
expensive if applied to the Internet as a whole."Who is paying this third 
party for both the time and the legal risk in doing this?" Hoffman asked."

"Some say rewriting SMTP from the ground up would be prohibitively 
difficult because of the protocol's global user base, which is estimated to 
be in the hundreds of millions. "The difficulty of changing the transfer 
technology as a way of managing unsolicited bulk e-mail is the installed 
base," said Rodney Tillotson, the chair of the Anti-Spam Working Group for 
the Reseaux IP Europeens (RIPE), a consortium of European Internet service 
providers.  "There are thousands or millions of SMTP servers transferring 
and delivering mail, and getting them all changed will take years, during 
which time the (unsolicited bulk e-mail) problem probably remains 
unsolved," Tillotson said. "Proposals requiring a change to desktop mail 
software are even harder to deploy." Sluizer counters this by suggesting 
two protocols--SMTP and a new one, with tighter authentication--could 
easily coexist, with e-mail applications supporting both side by side. In 
that way, people using one protocol would not be prevented from exchanging 
mail with those using another."

"The RIPE antispam group isn't alone in conducting an online debate about 
changing fundamental protocols to stem the tide of spam. The Internet 
Engineering Task Force (IETF) this spring established a research group to 
come up with ideas on how to attack the problem from the protocol level. 
But critics call the IETF's efforts belated and say that efforts to solve 
the spam crisis can't wait while a standards body deliberates. "Given that 
it's taken six-plus years for the IETF to get around to deciding spam is a 
big enough issue that they should charter a 'research group' to look at it, 
I just can't bring myself to be hopeful that we'll see the IETF ratifying 
any major overhauls to SMTP before the decade is out," Ray Everett-Church, 
chief privacy officer of the ePrivacy Group, said in an e-mail interview."
-----snip----- 


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Date: Fri, 1 Aug 2003 14:48:34 -0400

At 1:38 PM -0400 8/1/03, Yakov Shafranovich wrote:
>"The protocol that has defined e-mail for more than two decades may 
>have a fatal flaw: It trusts you.  Developed when the Internet was 
>used almost exclusively by academics, the Simple Mail Transfer 
>Protocol, or SMTP, assumes that you are who you say you are. SMTP 
>makes that assumption because it doesn't suspect that you're sending 
>a Trojan horse virus, that you're making

That's really not true.  The fundamental problem has nothing to do 
with SMTP and trust, it has to do with the lack of any way to 
identify a person on-line.  Given that we don't even have usable, 
reliable ways to identify people *off*-line, that's not terribly 
surprising.

You can envision two ways around it.  One is a standard cryptographic 
identification system backed by some central authorizing 
organization.  The other is a closed centralized mail system in which 
it is impossible to send email unless the sender is provably the 
person who would receive any replies.

Neither of those are going to happen, any more than we'll fix the 
corresponding identification problems in the realspace.

The whole thing SMTP thing is a red herring.  Because not only do you 
have to solve the identity problem, you *also* would have to link 
each identities to a physical personal or company, and be able to 
recognize the commonality of all identities owned by that person. 
Otherwise throw-away identities keep the problem alive.

And finally you'd need an enforcement mechanism to prevent abuse.  It 
does me no good to know the name of the person who is mail-bombing my 
server if I can't stop him.

Given those issues, putting the blame on SMTP is pretty laughable. 
The problem has nothing to do with technology, and everything to do 
with society.  That's not to say that technology can't alleviate the 
problem.  But "fixing" SMTP is not going to solve anything. 
Technically the SMTP fix already exists, and has for years.  The fact 
that it isn't widely deployed makes it clear that the problem is 
elsewhere.

As is alluded to here, but apparently not in a way that was strong 
enough to nix the finger pointing at SMTP:

>partially solved with existing technologies. "Authentication in SMTP 
>is not that hard," Paul Hoffman, director of the Internet Mail 
>Consortium and author of numerous computer-related books, wrote in 
>an e-mail interview. "There is already a protocol for doing it, 
>namely running SMTP over SSL/TLS. And, yes, I wrote it." (The SMTP 
>over SSL/TLS protocol is available at the Internet Engineering Task 
>Force's Web site.)  The hard part, according to Hoffman and others, 
>is establishing the "trust relationships" required to back up any 
>computer-based authentication scheme--in other words, verifying that 
>a person is who he or she claims to be. The problem worsens, Hoffman 
>said, when trying


-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.messagefire.com/          Anti-Spam Service for your POP Account
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.

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From: "Terry Sullivan" <terry@pantos.org>
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(Oh boy, for my first posting to the list, I get to help stir up 
controversy.)

Hello all...

For my money, there are two disjoint issues here that have sorta 
gotten co-mingled in the discussion:

- statistical power

- absence of control condition

Statistically pedantic point: the number of observations in a sample 
influences the magnitude of the effect that can be detected 
analytically--nothing more, nothing less.  Statistical power 
increases monotonically with sample size.  More data are often handy, 
but a relatively small sample can be used successfully to detect very 
large statistical effects.  (Tangential statistically pedantic point: 
with the exception of 0.0, the slope of a regression line is utterly 
uninformative.)

The thing that precludes any legitimate causal inference with these 
data is the absence of a control condition.  But that's an issue of 
logic, not statistical power.  Observing a correlation is a great way 
to generate testable hypotheses; but a tenable claim of causality 
requires actually testing those hypotheses.

I confess that I've not seen these data.  (The .xls file hoses my 
non-Microsoft spreadsheet, and a platform-neutral format is 
unavailable.)  But seeing/not seeing these data doesn't make the 
causal claim viable.  In point of fact, my logs shows a measurable 
downward trend in total spam received since I installed my latest new 
filtering widget.  I am absolutely confident, however, that my 
filtering widget did not *cause* that decline.  It's just a happy 
coincidence.  

On a more philosophical note, I can't help but suspect that 
daily/weekly spam volume is simply way too "noisy" to serve as a 
meaningful standalone measure of anything.  There are just too many 
uncontrolled variables at play.  I've seen short-term longitudinal 
fluctuations in spam volume of 100% and more, and cross-sectional 
differences in excess of 50%.  Any "measure" with that much noise is 
too unreliable (in a statistical sense) to support meaningful 
analysis.

- Terry



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From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@freeradius.org>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 0. General - News Article - Replacing SMTP 
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Date: Fri, 01 Aug 2003 17:04:34 -0400

Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com> wrote:
> The whole thing SMTP thing is a red herring.  Because not only do you 
> have to solve the identity problem, you *also* would have to link 
> each identities to a physical personal or company, and be able to 
> recognize the commonality of all identities owned by that person. 

  I don't see why it would be necessary to establish physical
identity, if the mutual conversation is consensual.  See "sex with
strangers in bars" for a well-known identity-less consent protocol.

  The issue is that SMTP (or the common use of it) does not have a
complete enough consent model to meet the ASRG charter goals.  If it
did, then there would be no need for ASRG.

> And finally you'd need an enforcement mechanism to prevent abuse.  It 
> does me no good to know the name of the person who is mail-bombing my 
> server if I can't stop him.

  You just stop listening.  It worked for me for years, under spam
loads that few people believed were possible.  So your local
implementation of consent should be adequate to block non-consensual
traffic.  If that's insufficient, you can broadcast your lack of
consent to groups of people with common interests, like DCC.

> Given those issues, putting the blame on SMTP is pretty laughable. 
> The problem has nothing to do with technology, and everything to do 
> with society.

  I wouldn't propose "arresting society" to fix the spam problem.

>  That's not to say that technology can't alleviate the problem.  But
> "fixing" SMTP is not going to solve anything.  Technically the SMTP
> fix already exists, and has for years.

  Are you saying that SMTP implements enough of a consent model that
we would have little spam if the full features were used?  If so, why
not propose a BCP, or point out which existing BCP's are adequate, and
request that ASRG be disbanded.

> > The hard part, according to Hoffman and others, is establishing
> > the "trust relationships" required to back up any computer-based
> > authentication scheme--in other words, verifying that a person is
> > who he or she claims to be.

  Which is explicitely outside of SMTP, which means that SMTP alone is
currently unable to address the issue.  So we either need to "fix"
SMTP, or "fix" current practices with it, or add better consent model
on top of it.

  Alan DeKok.

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From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@freeradius.org>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 2.a.1 Analysis of Actual Spam Data - Titan Key reduces spam attacks 
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Date: Fri, 01 Aug 2003 17:08:10 -0400

"Peter Kay" <peter@titankey.com> wrote:
> I think you've laid out a good foundation. We would be happy to provide
> reasonable computing/account/domain/etc resources to assist.

  I think for transparency, it would be better to have a third party
(non-vendor) do the data collection.

  What I would suggest is to collect the data with respect to the use
of your product, and to make that data public, where possible.  If a
few vendors do that, then it will not only be easier to compare
solutions, it will be easier to see where ASRG should focus its
efforts.

  Alan DeKok.

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Date: Fri, 1 Aug 2003 17:16:37 -0400

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> Alan DeKok aland@freeradius.org wrote:
> See "sex with
> strangers in bars" for a well-known identity-less consent protocol.
...that is also well known for generating fierce disagreements about whether
or not consent was obtained. Did Kobe Bryant have consent? I doubt we'll
ever know.

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<P><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; Alan DeKok aland@freeradius.org wrote:</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; See &quot;sex with</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; strangers in bars&quot; for a well-known =
identity-less consent protocol.</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>...that is also well known for generating fierce =
disagreements about whether or not consent was obtained. Did Kobe =
Bryant have consent? I doubt we'll ever know.</FONT></P>

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Yakov,

YS> I just ran across the following news article from CNET's News.com which
YS> raises some interesting issues regarding proposals to replace the SMTP
YS> protocol. It also discusses the ASRG in some detail. Here is the link:


1. when was the last time you tried to post a regular letter, through
the paper mail delivery service, and were required to show
identification? I guess this means that there is a fundamental flaw in
the delivery of physical mail. I guess we had better start plans for
replacing the entire physical mail service.

2. when there is consensus about specific functions that are needed, we
can look at the best ways of implementing them.  if we discover that we
need to make a change to smtp, but are not able to, only then will it
make sense to explore replacing smtp.  until then, the call for
replacing smtp is a nice way to sound radical, but it has nothing to do
with seriously discussing problems and their solutions.

3. note that anything anyone submits to the ASRG is reported as being
"considered" by it.  this lends credibility to proposals that have no
support other than the authors.

d/
--
 Dave Crocker <mailto:dcrocker@brandenburg.com>
 Brandenburg InternetWorking <http://www.brandenburg.com>
 Sunnyvale, CA  USA <tel:+1.408.246.8253>, <fax:+1.866.358.5301>


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Subject: RE: [Asrg] 2.a.1 Analysis of Actual Spam Data - Titan Key reduces
	 spam attacks 
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Date: Sat, 2 Aug 2003 02:25:01 -0400


I think the point of Peter's measurement is not an overall comparison of
'spam products' as Alan seems to be suggesting. It is to look at the effect
of spam response on future spam volume.

We've already established that the measurement needs:
1. larger sample; ideally all the accounts receive exactly the same spam
initially
2. a control set
3. possibly other variables such as systems with other responses such as
DSN, no response, or challenge/response etc
4. longer period of time to account for the large short-term fluctations in
spam volume

Peter has volunteered to do this analysis as a member of this research
group. The call for a third-party evaluation is unfounded. Sure, in every
area of life, folks like to see their work be successful; however, you have
to assume that each contributor has a level of integrity that assures that
sound process will be used and factual data will be presented. At the same
time, I'm sure Peter will be sure to not use such marketing-sounding email
subjects in the future.

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Alan DeKok [mailto:aland@freeradius.org] 
> Sent: Friday, August 01, 2003 5:08 PM
> To: asrg@ietf.org
> Subject: Re: [Asrg] 2.a.1 Analysis of Actual Spam Data - 
> Titan Key reduces spam attacks 
> 
> 
> "Peter Kay" <peter@titankey.com> wrote:
> > I think you've laid out a good foundation. We would be happy to 
> > provide reasonable computing/account/domain/etc resources to assist.
> 
>   I think for transparency, it would be better to have a third party
> (non-vendor) do the data collection.
> 
>   What I would suggest is to collect the data with respect to 
> the use of your product, and to make that data public, where 
> possible.  If a few vendors do that, then it will not only be 
> easier to compare solutions, it will be easier to see where 
> ASRG should focus its efforts.
> 
>   Alan DeKok.
> 
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg
> 

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gep2,

By way of noting the difficulty of getting filtering rules to be
correct:

They are not html tags at all.  They are entirely valid URLs.  And the
angle-brackets are the formal way to distinguish URLs in free-form text.

This highlights the difficulty of using correlation rules
that a) reflect only current activity, rather than anything inherent in
spam, and b) the need to be very, very careful about the details of the
rules.


gtc>  Dave Crocker <mailto:dcrocker@brandenburg.com>
gtc>  Brandenburg InternetWorking <http://www.brandenburg.com>
gtc>  Sunnyvale, CA  USA <tel:+1.408.246.8253>, <fax:+1.866.358.5301>

gtc> One interesting thing I noted as I went through much of the "suspense" E-mail
gtc> that had accumulated over the last few weeks (and based primarily on content
gtc> filtering) is that numerous of my ASRG digests had been routed as "suspect spam"
gtc> due to Dave's sig file (the mail filtering system content filter found his
gtc> telephone and fax numbers and decided that they looked like "bogus HTML tags"...
gtc> which, of course, they are!).

d/
--
 Dave Crocker <mailto:dcrocker@brandenburg.com>
 Brandenburg InternetWorking <http://www.brandenburg.com>
 Sunnyvale, CA  USA <tel:+1.408.246.8253>, <fax:+1.866.358.5301>


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Subject: RE: [Asrg] 2.a.1 Analysis of Actual Spam Data - Titan Key reduces spam attacks 
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I think the interaction on this topic has been fairly healthy and Paul's
done a good job of summarizing what to do next. I do believe that
techniques using a 550/NSU response are effective in truly reducing spam
attacks over time and would be more than willing to assist w/ a research
project as has been outlined.

And the note on marketing sounding messages has been taken and will
comply. So if we can get a few to step up and participate, lets roll.

We're using the domain "cyber-hawaii.com", which is an old (9 yrs)
domain with several old users that collective get a good spam volume. We
can create additional fresh accounts on this domain to support the tests
below.=20

Peter Kay
President of Noticably Absent Marketing Messaged Organization

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Paul Judge [mailto:paul.judge@ciphertrust.com]=20
> Sent: Friday, August 01, 2003 8:25 PM
> To: 'Alan DeKok'; 'asrg@ietf.org'
> Subject: RE: [Asrg] 2.a.1 Analysis of Actual Spam Data -=20
> Titan Key reduces spam attacks=20
>=20
>=20
>=20
> I think the point of Peter's measurement is not an overall=20
> comparison of 'spam products' as Alan seems to be suggesting.=20
> It is to look at the effect of spam response on future spam volume.
>=20
> We've already established that the measurement needs:
> 1. larger sample; ideally all the accounts receive exactly=20
> the same spam initially 2. a control set 3. possibly other=20
> variables such as systems with other responses such as DSN,=20
> no response, or challenge/response etc 4. longer period of=20
> time to account for the large short-term fluctations in spam volume
>=20
> Peter has volunteered to do this analysis as a member of this=20
> research group. The call for a third-party evaluation is=20
> unfounded. Sure, in every area of life, folks like to see=20
> their work be successful; however, you have to assume that=20
> each contributor has a level of integrity that assures that=20
> sound process will be used and factual data will be=20
> presented. At the same time, I'm sure Peter will be sure to=20
> not use such marketing-sounding email subjects in the future.
>=20
> > -----Original Message-----
> > From: Alan DeKok [mailto:aland@freeradius.org]
> > Sent: Friday, August 01, 2003 5:08 PM
> > To: asrg@ietf.org
> > Subject: Re: [Asrg] 2.a.1 Analysis of Actual Spam Data -=20
> > Titan Key reduces spam attacks=20
> >=20
> >=20
> > "Peter Kay" <peter@titankey.com> wrote:
> > > I think you've laid out a good foundation. We would be happy to
> > > provide reasonable computing/account/domain/etc resources=20
> to assist.
> >=20
> >   I think for transparency, it would be better to have a third party
> > (non-vendor) do the data collection.
> >=20
> >   What I would suggest is to collect the data with respect to
> > the use of your product, and to make that data public, where=20
> > possible.  If a few vendors do that, then it will not only be=20
> > easier to compare solutions, it will be easier to see where=20
> > ASRG should focus its efforts.
> >=20
> >   Alan DeKok.
> >=20
> > _______________________________________________
> > Asrg mailing list
> > Asrg@ietf.org
> > https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg
> >=20
>=20
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg
>=20
>=20
>=20



_______________________________________________
Asrg mailing list
Asrg@ietf.org
https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg



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I don't see what's controversial by your below. I had to go to the
dictionary at least once and what I was able to make out by the rest
made sense to me.  And the statistical points are very appreciated.

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Terry Sullivan [mailto:terry@pantos.org]=20
> Sent: Friday, August 01, 2003 10:32 AM
> To: asrg@ietf.org
> Subject: [Asrg] RE: 2.a.1 Analysis of Actual Spam Data -=20
> Titan Key reduces spam attacks
>=20
>=20
> (Oh boy, for my first posting to the list, I get to help stir up=20
> controversy.)
>=20
> Hello all...
>=20
> For my money, there are two disjoint issues here that have sorta=20
> gotten co-mingled in the discussion:
>=20
> - statistical power
>=20
> - absence of control condition
>=20
> Statistically pedantic point: the number of observations in a sample=20
> influences the magnitude of the effect that can be detected=20
> analytically--nothing more, nothing less.  Statistical power=20
> increases monotonically with sample size.  More data are often handy,=20
> but a relatively small sample can be used successfully to detect very=20
> large statistical effects.  (Tangential statistically pedantic point:=20
> with the exception of 0.0, the slope of a regression line is utterly=20
> uninformative.)
>=20
> The thing that precludes any legitimate causal inference with these=20
> data is the absence of a control condition.  But that's an issue of=20
> logic, not statistical power.  Observing a correlation is a great way=20
> to generate testable hypotheses; but a tenable claim of causality=20
> requires actually testing those hypotheses.
>=20
> I confess that I've not seen these data.  (The .xls file hoses my=20
> non-Microsoft spreadsheet, and a platform-neutral format is=20
> unavailable.)  But seeing/not seeing these data doesn't make the=20
> causal claim viable.  In point of fact, my logs shows a measurable=20
> downward trend in total spam received since I installed my latest new=20
> filtering widget.  I am absolutely confident, however, that my=20
> filtering widget did not *cause* that decline.  It's just a happy=20
> coincidence. =20
>=20
> On a more philosophical note, I can't help but suspect that=20
> daily/weekly spam volume is simply way too "noisy" to serve as a=20
> meaningful standalone measure of anything.  There are just too many=20
> uncontrolled variables at play.  I've seen short-term longitudinal=20
> fluctuations in spam volume of 100% and more, and cross-sectional=20
> differences in excess of 50%.  Any "measure" with that much noise is=20
> too unreliable (in a statistical sense) to support meaningful=20
> analysis.
>=20
> - Terry
>=20
>=20
>=20
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg
>=20
>=20
>=20



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Date: Sun, 3 Aug 2003 18:54:25 -0400

This is a multi-part message in MIME format.

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Gentlepeople,

Attached is a more recently updated draft of the Challenge Response
Interworking framework that we've been working on.  As usual, feel free to
insult at will.

------=_NextPart_000_05AD_01C359F0.A9005420
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Network  Working  Group                                 Eric Dean
Internet  Draft:                                Crystal Ball Inc.
draft-irtf-asrg-cri-01.txt                     Yakov Shafranovich
Expires: DD MMMM YYYY              SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc.        =
         =20
DD MMM YYYY




     Interworking Framework for Challenge/Response Systems

    A working document of the Anti Spam Research Group (ASRG) of
            the Internet Research Task Force (IRTF)





Status of this Memo

     This document is an Internet-Draft and is subject to all
     provisions of Section 10 of RFC2026.

     Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet=20
     Engineering Task Force (IETF), its areas, and its working=20
     groups.  Note that other groups may also distribute working=20
     documents as Internet-Drafts.

     Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of
     six months and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by=20
     other documents at any time.  It is inappropriate to use=20
     Internet Drafts as reference material or to cite them other=20
     than as "work in progress."

     The list of current Internet-Drafts can be accessed at
     http://www.ietf.org/1id-abstracts.html

     The  list  of  Internet-Draft  Shadow Directories can be=20
     accessed at http://www.ietf.org/shadow.html

     Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2003).  All Rights=20
     Reserved.

     This Internet-Draft will expire on DD MMMM, YYYY.

Abstract

     RFC821 was designed simply to deliver email messages without
     authenticating sources or senders of email messages.  In an
     effort to reduce spam on the Internet, Challenge/Response=20
     ("C/R") email systems provide a method for validating=20
     message origination for an intended recipient.  This=20
     document defines an for Challenge Response Interworking=20
     ("CRI") method by proposing the use of SMTP extensions as=20
     well as MIME headers for C/R control at either the server or=20
     user system level. For compatibility purposes with non-CRI =20
     compatible systems, this document addresses a set of=20
     guidelines for continued use with existing non-CRI mail
     systems and clients.

Table of Contents

     1.  Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
     1.1. Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
     1.2.  Purpose Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
     1.3. C/R Interworking General Model. . . . . . . . . . . . 1
     2.  MIME Headers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
     2.1. MIME Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
     2.2.  Using Delivery Status Notifications (DSNs) for CRI . 1
     2.2.1. Overview of DSN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
     2.2.2.  Use of DNS for CRI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
     2.3. The CRI MIME Headers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
     3.  SMTP for CRI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
     3.1. The CRI ESMTP Extension . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
     3.1.1.  IANA Considerations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
     3.1.2. SMTP Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
     4.0  Loop Avoidance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
     5. Additional Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
     5.1.  Security considerations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
     5.2. Privacy Considerations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
     5.3.  References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
     5.4. Acknowledgements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
     5.5.  Author(s) Addresses. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
     5.6. Full Copyright Statement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
     5.7.  Document History. . . .  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Table of Contents

1. Introduction.

1.1 Scope.

Challenge response systems attempt to authenticate=20
senders and determine if each sender originated a message to an=20
intended recipient. This document defines MIME headers and a=20
SMTP extension for an interworking of challenge response=20
systems while providing loose guidelines for user intervention.

1.2 PURPOSE.  There are various opportunites for a CRI protocol
to possibly operate: via MIME headers, via DSNs defined in RFC=20
3464, via SMTP/ESMTP, and via the Message Tracking Protocol=20
defined by the MSTRK WG. This document proposes specific CRI=20
methods intended to achieve the following objectives:

-Interoperability between CRI capable systems methods using MIME=20
and SMTP while remaining transparent and non-conflicting to=20
non-CRI capable systems. =20
-A messaging protocol method using defined headers for=20
automatically handling challenge messages and responses=20
-Loop avoidance methods that prevent CRI systems from challenging
challenge messages
-Exception handling for mailing lists or other systems so that
lists do not receive challenge messages=20
-Guidelines for supporting software systems incompatible with
CRI so that email is not disrupted and therefore CRI can be=20
realistically deployed
-A level of security that handles authentication, brute force
attacks, and other known vulnerabilities=20
-Ability to support authenticated messages and responses

CRI is not an authentication method for email delivery nor=20
security protocol.

1.3 CHALLENGE RESPONSE INTERWORKING MODEL.  The challenge
response model is based upon the following method:=20

a) An original sender sends a message to a recipient's SMTP=20
server =20

b) The recipient's SMTP server then either produces a challenge=20
message or forwards the original message to a recipient's user=20
software that produces a challenge message. =20

c) The resultant challenge message is sent to the original=20
sender. =20

d) If the sender's C/R SMTP server supports CRI methods, then the=20
original sender's SMTP server may automatically respond to the=20
challenge message. Otherwise, the original sender's server should=20
forward the message to the original sender.
 =20
e) If the original sender's client system supports CRI methods,=20
then the original sender's client software may automatically=20
respond to the challenge message. =20

f) In the event that neither the server nor client software are=20
CRI compatible, the C/R message should contain clear, legible=20
instructions to the original sender instructing how to=20
appropriately respond to the challenge request.



     ----------------------------------------
    |                                       |
    |                                       v =20
    v       +----------+                +----------+
+------+    |          |                |          |    +------+
| User |<-->|          |                |          |<-->| User |
+------+    |  Sender- |  CRI Messages  | Receiver-|    +------+
+------+    |SMTP/HTTP |<-------------->|SMTP/HTTP |C/R +------+
|Client|<-->|          |                |          |<-->|Client|
|System|    |          |                |          |    |System|
+------+    +----------+                +----------+    +------+
  =20

             Sender-SMTP                Receiver-SMTP

                        Model for C/R Use

                            Figure 1

There are three basic levels of C/R systems, each one building=20
upon the prior:=20
1. Sender verification - Attempt to verify whether the original=20
sender's address is valid. =20
2. Message verification - Attempts to verify whether the original
sender actually originated the original message. =20
3. Turing test - Attempts to verify whether the original sender=20
is human or a machine.

Level 1 addresses an inherent loophole within SMTP that allows
delivery of messages with invalid sender addresses. Level 2=20
addresses address spoofing sender email addresses with valid=20
sender addresses.  With C/R systems, the intent is that senders=20
will only respond to C/R messages if they in fact sent a message=20
to an actual recipient. Level 3 ensures that the sender is=20
actually a human being and not an automated spam system.

One of the problems with C/R systems is that they do not=20
interoperate with each other using any standard methods. In many=20
cases, C/R systems seek only sender and message verification=20
(levels 1 and 2), and do not require a Turing test to verify that=20
the sender is human.

1. MIME HEADERS.

RFC 822/2822 headers are limited in length per line, thus=20
limiting  C/R systems that may require communicating to a large=20
number of users and/or use extensions such as digital signatures
and certificates.  For this reason, MIME headers might be=20
preferred.  There are several ways MIME headers can be used to
transmit CRI information: custom MIME types/headers or as part=20
of the DSN protocol (RFC 3464).

1.1. MIME TYPE.

RFC 3462 defines a MIME type called multipart/report to be used
reporting of mail system administrative messages and as a general=20
"family" or "container" type for electronic mail reports of
any kind.  This MIME type defines three parts for every=20
multipart/report message as follows:=20

1. First part provides a human readable message which is intended
for humans only. In the CRI model, this would possibly contain the=20
original message along with the instructions to the user for=20
non-CRI compatible systems.  This instruction should include a=20
brief explanation of C/R and a hyperlink or an instruction for an
acknolwdgement or reply. =20

2. Second part provides a message to be used for CRI compatible=20
machines with additional details for human beings. In the CRI=20
model, this would contain the CRI MIME headers plus any=20
additional information such as digital certificates,
signatures, hashcash codes, etc. =20

3. Third part contains either the entire original message or=20
portions of it such as headers.

There are several issues when using the multipart/report MIME
type.  First, not all email systems and clients handle this type.=20
Second, it is intended for one way communications such as delivery=20
failure notifications by the receiver's SMTP server and not=20
necessarily intended for CRI. Third, if two C/R systems are=20
communicating in regards to multiple users and messages, more than=20
one machine readable part might be needed.

Another alternative would be defining a custom MIME type such as=20
message/cri or multipart/cri patterned after this MIME type which=20
would provide the same three parts as the multipart/report type.=20
OR we might extend the MIME type of multipart/report to=20
include CRI. In either case, this MIME type would contain the=20
following:=20
1. A human readable body with C/R instructions.  =20
2. A machine-readable body intended for machines (MIME type of=20
message/cri). =20
3. A third optional body containing the original message (either=20
message/rfc822 or text/rfc822) or possibly an MD5 or checksum of=20
the message.

1.2. USING DSNs FOR CRI.

The Delivery Status Notification (DSN) format is defined RFC 3464
as an extension of MIME type multipart/report. It is intended
to notify the sender of a message of any of several conditions:
failed delivery, delayed delivery, successful delivery, or the
gatewaying of a message into an environment that may not support
DSNs. In our case, C/R falls under delayed delivery.  However,
one major issue that has been raised with using DSNs, is that they=20
are intended for one-way notification and do no anticipate a
response unlike C/R systems. Also, current systems often handle=20
DSNs in a specific way and using CRI inside DSNs might break those=20
systems.

1.2.1. OVERVIEW OF DSN.

RFC 3464 defines a MIME type of message/delivery-status which
is used for the second machine readable  part  of=20
multipart/report. It defines the following helper DSN headers=20
that are included in DSN:=20
- Original-Envelope-Id: identifies the original SMTP transaction=20
- Reporting-MTA: the MTA that is reporting the failure, not=20
necessarily the MTA that is delivering it=20
- DSN-Gateway: names of the gateway or MTA that translated the=20
DSN to Internet format=20
- Received-From-MTA: MTA from the message was received (for SMTP=20
the domain used in HELO or EHLO command) and MTA type
(currently only one MTA type defined DNS for Internet) =20
- Arrival-Date: when the message arrived

Additionally the following headers are used for each recipient of
the message:=20
- Original-Recipient: whom the original message was addressed to=20
and the address type (rfc822 for Internet)=20
- Final-Recipient: final address after forwarding=20
- Action: indicates the action taken on this message, may be set=20
to failed, delayed, delivered, etc. =20
- Status: indicates delivery status (defined in RFC 3463)=20
- Final-Log-ID, Diagnostic-Code and Remote-MTA: additional=20
information which is optional =20
- Last-Attempt-Date and Will-Retry-Until: last attempt for=20
delivery and how long will retry till

Minimal conformance with the DSN RFC requires  Reporting-MTA,
Final-Recipient, Action and Status fields. Additionally,
section 2.4 of the RFC, allows for extension fields.

1.2.2. USE OF DSN FOR CRI.

To encapsulate the CRI protocol in DSNs, the following approach=20
can be taken:=20
1. Final-Recipient: would indicate the recipient's address. =20
2. Reporting-MTA: would be the C/R system of the recipient.  =20
3. Action: field would be set to "delayed" while waiting for=20
response, or "failed" when the wait period expires or the =20
response notifies the C/R system that the message was not sent=20
by the sender (level2), and "delivered" after receiving a=20
response and successfully delivering the message.  Only the=20
"delayed" value would be required, the other two would be=20
optional in order to reduce network traffic. =20
4. Status: status codes would be used as defined in RFC 3463.=20
- 4.XXX.XXX series status codes indicating temporary  failure=20
would be used while waiting for the message=20
- 2.XXX.XXX series status codes indicating success would be used=20
when the message is delivered=20
- 5.XXX.XXX series status codes indicating permanent failure=20
would be used when the message is rejected or expired.=20

The actual codes used might be=20
- 4.7.1: Delivery not authorized, message refused.=20
- 4.1.0: Other address status while  waiting.=20
- 2.1.5: Destination mailbox address valid.
- 5.7.1: Delivery not authorized, message refused might be used. =20
Additonal codes may be established in accordance with RFC 3463.

Additional fields that may be used: =20
1. Last-Attempt-Date and Will-Retry-Until: indicate how long the=20
C/R system will hold the message=20
2. Original-Envelope-Id, Received-From-MTA, and Arrival-Date:=20
provide information on the original MTA that sent the message.

This encapsulation routine described herein is used to encapsulate=20
the CRI message. The actual CRI information is handled using the=20
MIME headers defined in the next section. We may also pass CRI=20
information via custom diagnostic types. Additionally, RFC 3461=20
defines an ESMTP extension for DSN which may be used as well.

NOTE: Please note that passing back the Final-Recipient might be
a problem since it allows the sender to verify the validity of=20
the receiver.

1.3. MIME HEADERS FOR CRI.

This section will define various MIME headers that are used for
CRI. We need to pass the following information:=20
- Sender's  email address  =20
- Receiver's email address=20
- Type of C/R message: challenge, response or informational=20
- C/R level desired:  1-sender, 2-message, or 3-turing test
- Challenge and response tokens
- Identification of the C/R systems
- How much time does the sender have to respond to the challenge=20
- If responded, how long the address will stay in the whitelist=20
until challenged again =20
- Extensions

The  following headers are defined global for the entire C/R=20
message:=20
1. CRI-Recipient-Agent: identifies the receiver's C/R system =20
2. CRI-Reply-Until: how much time is given for response reply=20
3. CRI-Whitelist-Period: how much time will the sender stay on=20
the whitelist for=20
4. CRI-Recipient-Accept-Token: lists types of tokens the=20
recipient will accept=20
5. CRI-Sender-Exempt: identifies that the sender desires to not=20
receive a CRI message. i.e. mailing list

The following headers are specific per each sender: =20
1. CRI-Sender: the orignal sender of the original message,=20
usually the RFC 822/2822 sender=20
2. CRI-Recipient: the original receiver of the message, usually=20
the RFC 822/2822 receiver=20
3. CRI-Verification-Level: at the least must be "1" - sender,=20
maybe also "2" - message, and  "3" - human =20
4.  CRI-Message-Type: maybe either "challenge",  "response" or=20
"informational"  =20
5. CRI-Sender-Agent: identifies the sender's C/R system=20
6. CRI-Recipient-Accept-Type: lists types of tokens the recipient=20
will accept =20
7. CRI-Token-Type: consists of token-type and subtype, token-type=20
is defined as "challenge" or "response";  subtypes are defined=20
as needed=20
8. CRI-Token: - consists of the actual CRI token=20
9. CRI-Sender-Accept-Token: - lists types of token types the=20
sender will accept

2. SMTP AND CRI.

Another possibility for the CRI protocol is to allow for the=20
exchange of CRI data to take place via SMTP.  Since DSN ESMTP=20
extension does not allow for extensions and only allows for=20
requesting a DSN, it would not be used here.

2.1. CRI ESMTP EXTENSION.

SMTP Extensions are defined in RFC 1869 and RFC 2821. The=20
following service extension is hereby defined:=20
1) The name of the CRI ESMTP extension is "CRI". =20
2) The EHLO keyword value associated with this extension is "CRI". =20
3) Several optional parameters are allows with this EHLO keyword=20
value. The first parameter  is the verification level supported=20
and is defined as follows:

cri-level =3D SENDER / MESSAGE / HUMAN SP

If no verification level is specified, then SENDER level is=20
assumed. This is followed by a list of CRI extensions supported=20
by the receiver's system separated by spaces as follows:

cri-ext =3D EXT SP EXT SP EXT SP ....  EXT =3D [ALPHA]

If extensions are specified, then the level must be specified as
well. Examples of extensions are digital signatures, hashcash,
etc. An IANA registry will be established for registering CRI=20
extensions. The CRI extension list is limited in line length in=20
accordance with existing guidelines. =20
4) There are not additional verbs associated with this extension=20
5) New parameters are defined for the RCPT-TO and VRFY commands:=20
CRI-TOKEN-TYPE=3Dtype; REQUIRED CRI-TOKEN=3Dtoken; OPTIONAL

For the DATA command: CRI-TOKEN-TYPE=3Dtype; OPTIONAL

The CRI Token Type defines the token type, and the CRI token=20
parameter carries the actual token. An IANA registry will be e
stablished for registering CRI extensions. Each token type will=20
define whether it is carried in the CRI-TOKEN field or in the=20
message body.=20

One token is defined: Token Type: plain Token field used: YES

6) The following behavior changes are being made:=20
a. For the RCPT TO command, a 452 error code is defined which=20
indicates that a challenge is being issued. =20
b. For the VRFY command, a requirement is added that it is issued=20
after the MAIL FROM command when used in CRI. =20
c. For the VRFY command, after challenge is issued and=20
successfully accepted, the QUIT command is used to end the SMTP=20
session. =20
d. For the VRFY command, the DATA command is used for transfer of=20
very large tokens inside the message body.

2.1.1. IANA CONSIDERATIONS.

Two IANA registries will be established, one for registered CRI
extensions and the second for registering CRI token types.

2.1.2. SAMPLES.

Sample CRI ESMTP conversation from sender to the recipient with=20
both systems supporting CRI:
S: <wait for connection on TCP port 25>
C: <open connection to server>
S: 220 mail.ietf.org -- Welcome
C: EHLO solidmatrix.com
S: 250-mail.ietf.org
S: 250-HELP
S: 250 CRI SENDER PKI HASHCASH
C: MAIL FROM:<research@solidmatrix.com>
S: 250 OK.
C: RCPT TO:<asrg@irtf.org>
S: 250 asrg@irtf.org OK
C: RCPT TO: <someone@irtf.org>
S: 452 Unverified sender, issuing challenge, retry with CRI=20
token
.....=20
.....recipient connects to sender's MTA and issues challenge
.....
S: RCPT TO: <someone@irtf.org> CRI-TOKEN-TYPE=3Dplain;=20
CRI-TOKEN=3Dtoken;
C: 250 Sender approved for <someone@irtf.org>
C: DATA
S: 354 Send message, ending in CRLF.CRLF.
 ...
C: .
S: 250 OK
C: QUIT
S: 221 Goodbye

Recipient's MTA issuing a challenge with both systems supporting=20
CRI:
S: <wait for connection on TCP port 25>
C: <open connection to server>
S: 220 mail.solidmatrix.com -- Welcome
C: EHLO mail.irtf.org
S: 250-mail.solidmatrix.com
S: 250-HELP
S: 250 CRI SENDER PKI HASHCASH
C: MAIL FROM:<someone@irtf.org>
S: 250 OK.
C: VRFY:<research@solidmatrix.com> CRI-TOKEN-TYPE=3Dplain;=20
CRI-TOKEN: token;
S: 250 CRI challenge accepted for <research@solidmatrix.com> OK
C: VRFY:<someone@solidmatrix.com> CRI-TOKEN-TYPE=3Dplain;=20
CRI-TOKEN: token;
S: 550 Mailbox not found
C: QUIT
S: 221 Goodbye

Recipient's MTA issuing a challenge with both systems supporting=20
CRI and token carried in message body:
S: <wait for connection on TCP port 25>
C: <open connection to server>
S: 220 mail.solidmatrix.com -- Welcome
C: EHLO mail.irtf.org
S: 250-mail.solidmatrix.com
S: 250-HELP
S: 250 CRI SENDER PKI HASHCASH
C: MAIL FROM:<someone@irtf.org>
S: 250 OK.
C: VRFY:<research@solidmatrix.com> CRI-TOKEN-TYPE=3Dbig;
S: 250 CRI challenge accepted for <research@solidmatrix.com> OK
C: DATA CRI-TOKEN-TYPE=3Dbig;
S: Send data followed by =F4.=F6
C: ... data ...
S: 250 Challenge token accepted for <research@solidmatrix.com>
C: QUIT
S: 221 Goodbye

Recipient's MTA issuing a challenge with sender's system not=20
supporting CRI:
S: <wait for connection on TCP port 25>
C: <open connection to server>
S: 220 mail.solidmatrix.com -- Welcome
C: EHLO mail.irtf.org
S: 250-mail.solidmatrix.com
S: 250-HELP
C: MAIL FROM:<someone@irtf.org>
S: 250 OK.
C: RCPT TO: <research@solidmatrix.com>
S: 250 OK
C: DATA
S: 354 Send mail data followed by CRLF
C: ...sends email challenge message ...
S: 250 Message accepted for delivery
C: QUIT
S: 221 Goodbye

4. Interoperability Considerations.

4.1. Loop Avoidance.

CRI systems should not issue challenge messages when C/R headers
are present.  CRI systems should not challenge messages with=20
CRI-Message-Type: response or challenge.  In order to maintain=20
compatibility with non-CRI compatible interworking systems, it is=20
recommended that each CRI system miantain stateful monitoring of=20
challenge messages sent to original senders.  For CRI systems that=20
issue challenge messages,it is also recommended that each CRI=20
system use a local systemwide user, such as cri@foo.com, for=20
issuing challenges rather than preserving the original sender's=20
email address as the sender of the challenge message.  Doing so,=20
allows for loop avoidance to be handled using double-bounce methods=20
where appropriate.  For client-based CRI software, loop avoidance=20
may be handled using additonal stateful means of tracking outgoing=20
mail.

4.2. Mailing Lists.

Mailing lists may include CRI-Sender-Exempt headers to indicate=20
that challenge messages should not be posted to the mailing list. =20
Most mailing lists supply various headers to indicate that the
messages has been sent from a mailing list.  Such mailing list=20
detection methods should result in suppressed challenge messages.

5. Additional Information.

5.1. Security Considerations.

CRI is not an authentication method for email delivery or=20
security protocol. =20

5.2. Privacy Considerations.

Since C/R systems keep track of the senders email addresses, this
raises privacy issues. =20

5.3. References.

[RFC-821]  Postel, J.; "Simple Mail Transfer Protocol"; STD 10,
           RFC 821; ISI/USC; August 1982

[RFC-822]  Crocker, D.; "Standard For The Format Of ARPA Internet
           Text Messages"; STD 11, RFC 822; University of Delaware.;
           August, 1982

[RFC-934]  Rose, M., and E. Stefferud; "Proposed Standard for Message
           Encapsulation"; RFC 934; Delaware and NMA; January 1985.

[RFC-1049] Sirbu, M.; "Content-Type Header Field for Internet
           Messages"; STD 11, RFC 1049; CMU; March 1988.

[RFC-1344] Borenstein, N.; "Implications of MIME for Internet Mail
           Gateways"; RFC 1344; Bellcore; June 1992.

[RFC-1869] Klensin, J., Freed, N., Rose, M., Stefferud, E. and
           Crocker, D.; "SMTP Service Extensions"; RFC 1869; MCI,
           Innosoft, Dover Beach Consulting, Network Management
           Associates, Brandenburg Consulting; November 1995

[RFC-2045] Borenstein, N., and Freed, N.; "Multipurpose Internet Mail
           Extensions (MIME) Part One: Format of Internet Message
           Bodies"; RFC 1341; Innosoft, First Virtual; Nov 1996.

[RFC-2821] Klensin, J.; "Simple Mail Transfer Protocol"; RFC 2821;
           AT&T Laboratories; April, 2001.

[RFC-2822] Resnick, P.; "Internet Message Format"; RFC 2822;
           QUALCOMM Incorporated; April 2001.

[RFC-3461] Moore, K.; "Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) Service
           Extension for Delivery Status Notifications (DSNs)";
           University of Tennessee; January 2003

[RFC-3462] Vaudreuil, G; "The Multipart/Report Content Type for the
           Reporting of Mail System Administrative Messages";
           Lucent Technologies; January 2003

[RFC-3463] Vaudreuil, G; "Enhanced Mail System Status Codes";
           Lucent Technologies; January 2003

[RFC-3464] Moore, K. and Vaudreuil, G; "An Extensible Message Format
           for Delivery Status Notifications"; University of
           Tennessee, Lucent Technologies; January 2003




5.4. Acknowledgements.

     A lot of information in this note has been based on the=20
     discussions on the Anti-Spam Research Group (ASRG) mailing=20
     list. The authors would like to acknowledge the contributions=20
     of all members of the group.




5.5. Author(s) Addresses.

     Eric Dean
     Crystal Ball Inc.
     eric@crystalballinc.com

     Yakov Shafranovich
     SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc.
     research@solidmatrix.com
     www.shaftek.org




5.6. Full Copyright Statement.

     Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2003).  All Rights
     Reserved.

     This document and translations of it may be copied and
     furnished to others, and derivative works that comment
     on or otherwise explain it or assist in its
     implementation may be prepared, copied, published and
     distributed, in whole or in part, without restriction
     of any kind, provided that the above copyright notice
     and this paragraph are included on all such copies and
     derivative works.  However, this document itself may
     not be modified in any way, such as by removing the
     copyright notice or references to the Internet Society
     or other Internet organizations, except as needed for
     the purpose of developing Internet standards in which
     case the procedures for copyrights defined in the
     Internet Standards process must be followed, or as
     required to translate it into languages other than
     English.

     The limited permissions granted above are perpetual and
     will not be revoked by the Internet Society or its
     successors or assigns.

     This document and the information contained herein is
     provided on an "AS IS" basis and THE INTERNET SOCIETY
     AND THE INTERNET ENGINEERING TASK FORCE DISCLAIMS ALL
     WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT
     LIMITED TO ANY WARRANTY THAT THE USE OF THE INFORMATION
     HEREIN WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY RIGHTS OR ANY IMPLIED
     WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A
     PARTICULAR PURPOSE.



5.7. Document History.

v0.0.3 / YS / 07-23-2003 / Some editing and cleanup














































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Reply-To: <bob@wyman.us>
From: "Bob Wyman" <bob@wyman.us>
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Subject: [Asrg] Trustic anti-spam system closes down because it doesn't work
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Date: Tue, 5 Aug 2003 11:33:08 -0400
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from: http://www.trustic.com :
"We have determined that the system as it currently is designed will not
achieve the level of accuracy that we require, and an inaccurate system
is worse than no system."

A brief explanation of what they were trying to accomplish follows. This
was taken from their web site:

"Trustic is a community based block list. This differs from a
traditional DNS block list, which reflects the opinions only of a small
group of individuals. Trustic's goal is to produce an accurate and
complete list of servers considered untrusted by the community.=20

"Trust in a server is determined by aggregating positive and negative
recommendations submitted by Trustic members. A positive recommendation
indicates trust in a server, a negative recommendation is the opposite.
A server is considered untrusted if it is one of the following:=20

   * Has a practice of allowing the sending of Unsolicited Bulk Email
(U.B.E.)=20
   * Configured as an open relay or proxy=20
   * Does not have a static IP address=20

"Positive and negative recommendations are aggregated using an algorithm
called a trust network. The algorithm looks at the recommendations each
member has submitted and, based on how these recommendations compare to
the recommendations other members have submitted, assigns a trust value
to the member and her recommendations. The more trust a member has, the
more influence their recommendations have in determining whether servers
are considered trusted.=20

See http://www.trustic.com/help/ for more information while it is still
available.

Slashdot discussions of trustic can be found at:
4-Aug-2003: http://slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=3D03/08/04/2018223=20
26-July-2003:
http://slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=3D03/07/26/2019205&tid=3D111

		bob wyman


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Subject: RE: [Asrg] CRI Draft Version 2
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Thank you Eric for donating your time to this effort. My gentle
developers are reviewing this now and we'll give our comments, not
insults, shortly. =20


> -----Original Message-----
> From: Eric Dean [mailto:eric@purespeed.com]=20
> Sent: Sunday, August 03, 2003 12:54 PM
> To: asrg@ietf.org
> Subject: [Asrg] CRI Draft Version 2
>=20
>=20
> Gentlepeople,
>=20
> Attached is a more recently updated draft of the Challenge=20
> Response Interworking framework that we've been working on. =20
> As usual, feel free to insult at will.
>=20



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Subject: [Asrg] 0. General - News Article - Anti-spam laws
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The following CNET News.com article discusses various pros and cons of=20
anti-spam laws:

http://news.com.com/2010-1071_3-5059822.html

Some quotes:

-------snip-----
The folly of antispam legislation
By William Blundon
August 5, 2003, 4:00 AM PT

"Many of these legislative goals are laudable. However, they fail to make=
=20
several key distinctions. Most people have an implicit hierarchy of what=20
they consider spam. Illegal, fraudulent and misleading e-mail is spam.=20
E-mail from an unknown source is "spam lite." Unsolicited commercial e-ma=
il=20
from a respected company may be spam, junk mail or simply unwanted but=20
acceptable free speech. E-mail from a company with whom the consumer has =
an=20
existing commercial relationship can also be considered spam if it is=20
simply unwanted or repetitive. These distinctions are highly idiosyncrati=
c=20
and are not amenable to broad legislation. "

"The economics of the Internet are different from those of telephone=20
networks or the postal system and do not bode well for any legislative=20
campaign. Moving a telemarketing operation offshore is an expensive=20
proposition, while direct mail costs increase dramatically when mail=20
crosses geographic borders. But it usually costs less to operate a=20
sophisticated e-mail marketing program from New Delhi than it does from N=
ew=20
York."

"Some spammers now send more than 100 million e-mails per day using serve=
rs=20
known as "spam cannons." Does it really matter where their servers are=20
located? Most pending spam legislation is designed for consumer, not=20
employee, e-mail. Does it matter to a spammer if he sends e-mail to my ho=
me=20
or office? Will companies force their employees to register their corpora=
te=20
e-mail addresses on a do-not-spam list? Will the company do it for them?=20
What if hackers crack the security on a national database of those=20
spam-blocked addresses?  Ethical companies will comply with any new spam=20
legislation. Black or gray spam operations will invest whatever it takes =
to=20
stay ahead of the technology curve and beyond the arm of the law. As a=20
result, the percentage of dishonest e-mail will only increase.

Copyright =AC1995-2003 CNET Networks, Inc. All rights reserved.
-------snip-----=20


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Date: Tue, 05 Aug 2003 14:32:38 -0400

At 11:33 AM 8/5/2003, Bob Wyman wrote:
>from: http://www.trustic.com :
>"We have determined that the system as it currently is designed will not
>achieve the level of accuracy that we require, and an inaccurate system
>is worse than no system."
>.....

Is there detailed information on why it failed? 


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Subject: RE: [Asrg] Trustic anti-spam system closes down because it  doesn't work
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From: "Peter Kay" <peter@titankey.com>
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There's a fair amount posted on the slashdot site. Basically an
unacceptably high level of false positives, hypothesized to be cause by
a high number of spam reports but a low number of "good senders"
reports.

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Yakov Shafranovich [mailto:research@solidmatrix.com]=20
> Sent: Tuesday, August 05, 2003 8:33 AM
> To: bob@wyman.us; asrg@ietf.org
> Subject: Re: [Asrg] Trustic anti-spam system closes down=20
> because it doesn't work
>=20
>=20
> At 11:33 AM 8/5/2003, Bob Wyman wrote:
> >from: http://www.trustic.com :
> >"We have determined that the system as it currently is designed will=20
> >not achieve the level of accuracy that we require, and an inaccurate=20
> >system is worse than no system." .....
>=20
> Is there detailed information on why it failed?=20
>=20
>=20
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg
>=20
>=20
>=20



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Subject: RE: [Asrg] 0. General - News Article - Anti-spam laws
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Thread-Topic: [Asrg] 0. General - News Article - Anti-spam laws
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Date: Tue, 5 Aug 2003 08:45:07 -1000
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I still strongly believe that a consent-based architecture that lets the =
owner of an email address decide the policies surrounding that email =
address is the only realistic solution.  All this other stuff to me is =
band-aids on a structurally flawed infrastructure.

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Yakov Shafranovich [mailto:research@solidmatrix.com]=20
> Sent: Tuesday, August 05, 2003 8:28 AM
> To: asrg@ietf.org
> Subject: [Asrg] 0. General - News Article - Anti-spam laws
>=20
>=20
> The following CNET News.com article discusses various pros=20
> and cons of=20
> anti-spam laws:
>=20
> http://news.com.com/2010-1071_3-5059822.html
>=20
> Some quotes:
>=20
> -------snip-----
> The folly of antispam legislation
> By William Blundon
> August 5, 2003, 4:00 AM PT
>=20
> "Many of these legislative goals are laudable. However, they=20
> fail to make=20
> several key distinctions. Most people have an implicit=20
> hierarchy of what=20
> they consider spam. Illegal, fraudulent and misleading e-mail=20
> is spam.=20
> E-mail from an unknown source is "spam lite." Unsolicited=20
> commercial e-mail=20
> from a respected company may be spam, junk mail or simply=20
> unwanted but=20
> acceptable free speech. E-mail from a company with whom the=20
> consumer has an=20
> existing commercial relationship can also be considered spam if it is=20
> simply unwanted or repetitive. These distinctions are highly=20
> idiosyncratic=20
> and are not amenable to broad legislation. "
>=20
> "The economics of the Internet are different from those of telephone=20
> networks or the postal system and do not bode well for any=20
> legislative=20
> campaign. Moving a telemarketing operation offshore is an expensive=20
> proposition, while direct mail costs increase dramatically when mail=20
> crosses geographic borders. But it usually costs less to operate a=20
> sophisticated e-mail marketing program from New Delhi than it=20
> does from New=20
> York."
>=20
> "Some spammers now send more than 100 million e-mails per day=20
> using servers=20
> known as "spam cannons." Does it really matter where their=20
> servers are=20
> located? Most pending spam legislation is designed for consumer, not=20
> employee, e-mail. Does it matter to a spammer if he sends=20
> e-mail to my home=20
> or office? Will companies force their employees to register=20
> their corporate=20
> e-mail addresses on a do-not-spam list? Will the company do=20
> it for them?=20
> What if hackers crack the security on a national database of those=20
> spam-blocked addresses?  Ethical companies will comply with=20
> any new spam=20
> legislation. Black or gray spam operations will invest=20
> whatever it takes to=20
> stay ahead of the technology curve and beyond the arm of the=20
> law. As a=20
> result, the percentage of dishonest e-mail will only increase.
>=20
> Copyright =AC1995-2003 CNET Networks, Inc. All rights reserved.
> -------snip-----=20
>=20
>=20
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg
>=20
>=20
>=20



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From: Dave Crocker <dhc@dcrocker.net>
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Peter,

PK> I still strongly believe that a consent-based architecture that lets
PK> the owner of an email address decide the policies surrounding that
PK> email address is the only realistic solution.

A cliche about the Internet is that it has only one technical challenge:
scaling.

If there is a problem with infrastructure operation, a solution that
seeks to permit infinite variations, according to the preferences of
each participant, is not likely to scale.

See the last 10 year's of effort to add QOS to the Internet, for
examples.

 
PK> All this other stuff to me is band-aids on a structurally flawed
PK> infrastructure.

This is the sort of statement that has become a cliche in discussions
about spam. What usually is lacking is any sort of serious technical
detail about the flaws and how a 'better' infrastructure would prevent
the problem.

Less satisfying is the view that spam is fundamentally a social problem
and we are still trying to understand what really needs to change in
order to bring it under control.

It's much more satisfying to claim that we know the solution and
"merely" need to the resolve, technical effort, or the like to implement
it.


d/
--
 Dave Crocker <mailto:dcrocker@brandenburg.com>
 Brandenburg InternetWorking <http://www.brandenburg.com>
 Sunnyvale, CA  USA <tel:+1.408.246.8253>, <fax:+1.866.358.5301>


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Reply-To: <bob@wyman.us>
From: "Bob Wyman" <bob@wyman.us>
To: "'Peter Kay'" <peter@titankey.com>,
        "'Yakov Shafranovich'" <research@solidmatrix.com>, <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] Trustic anti-spam system closes down because it  doesn't work
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	My personal feeling is that these "community based" systems are
almost inevitably going to end up being problematic once deployed
although they do often tend to sound attractive in theory before much
analysis is done. As the degree of automation increases and the systems
become more isolated from rational decision making processes, these
systems can become down-right scary... The problem here is with creating
the opportunity for a "tyranny of the mob."=20
	I can imagine groups of kids getting together in IM chat groups
and deciding to have some fun "shutting down Microsoft" by having large
numbers of people report their machines as a source of spam. The same
sort of "community based" attack might be used to shut down the mail
servers of the Democratic National Committee or some specific political
candidate shortly before an election...=20
	Blacklists are blacklists. A blacklist that is created by
"community" action is, to me, no less frightening and no less evil then
a black list created by dictator or by some political party. Once the
blacklisting technology is let loose in the network, we'll find that
folk will discover that it can be used to block more than just spam. A
tool that can be used to blacklist spammers can just as easily be used
to blacklist individuals, political parties, people who send mail with
"bad" words, jews, or blacks...

		bob wyman

-----Original Message-----
From: asrg-admin@ietf.org [mailto:asrg-admin@ietf.org] On Behalf Of
Peter Kay
Sent: Tuesday, August 05, 2003 2:43 PM
To: Yakov Shafranovich; bob@wyman.us; asrg@ietf.org
Subject: RE: [Asrg] Trustic anti-spam system closes down because it
doesn't work


There's a fair amount posted on the slashdot site. Basically an
unacceptably high level of false positives, hypothesized to be cause by
a high number of spam reports but a low number of "good senders"
reports.

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Yakov Shafranovich [mailto:research@solidmatrix.com]
> Sent: Tuesday, August 05, 2003 8:33 AM
> To: bob@wyman.us; asrg@ietf.org
> Subject: Re: [Asrg] Trustic anti-spam system closes down=20
> because it doesn't work
>=20
>=20
> At 11:33 AM 8/5/2003, Bob Wyman wrote:
> >from: http://www.trustic.com :
> >"We have determined that the system as it currently is designed will
> >not achieve the level of accuracy that we require, and an inaccurate=20
> >system is worse than no system." .....
>=20
> Is there detailed information on why it failed?
>=20
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To: Dave Crocker <dcrocker@brandenburg.com>, "Peter Kay" <peter@titankey.com>
From: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 0. General - News Article - Anti-spam laws
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Date: Tue, 05 Aug 2003 19:16:01 -0400

At 03:36 PM 8/5/2003, Dave Crocker wrote:
>Peter,
>
>PK> I still strongly believe that a consent-based architecture that lets
>PK> the owner of an email address decide the policies surrounding that
>PK> email address is the only realistic solution.
>
>A cliche about the Internet is that it has only one technical challenge:
>scaling.
>
>If there is a problem with infrastructure operation, a solution that
>seeks to permit infinite variations, according to the preferences of
>each participant, is not likely to scale.
>
>See the last 10 year's of effort to add QOS to the Internet, for
>examples.

However, a consent model would be acting on edges, much like the filtering 
that is done today. QOS on the other hand is placed at the network center 
which is much harder. Are you implying that an edge-based consent solution 
would not scale properly? Can you provide some examples and more information?

Yakov  


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Subject: [Asrg] 6. Proposals - Blacklists - Community-based (RE: [Asrg]
 Trustic anti-spam system closes down because it  doesn't work)
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Date: Tue, 05 Aug 2003 19:19:19 -0400

By themselves, blacklists have problems. However, if they are not the sole 
source of information used, then their impact is mitigated. In a consent 
system, a blacklist would be one of many sources of information feeding 
into the system, and providing facts on which the system makes its decisions.

Also, perhaps blacklist problems and high degree of reliance on them, 
should be highlighted in the BCP documents.

At 06:29 PM 8/5/2003, Bob Wyman wrote:
>         My personal feeling is that these "community based" systems are
>almost inevitably going to end up being problematic once deployed
>although they do often tend to sound attractive in theory before much
>analysis is done. As the degree of automation increases and the systems
>become more isolated from rational decision making processes, these
>systems can become down-right scary... The problem here is with creating
>the opportunity for a "tyranny of the mob."
>         I can imagine groups of kids getting together in IM chat groups
>and deciding to have some fun "shutting down Microsoft" by having large
>numbers of people report their machines as a source of spam. The same
>sort of "community based" attack might be used to shut down the mail
>servers of the Democratic National Committee or some specific political
>candidate shortly before an election...
>         Blacklists are blacklists. A blacklist that is created by
>"community" action is, to me, no less frightening and no less evil then
>a black list created by dictator or by some political party. Once the
>blacklisting technology is let loose in the network, we'll find that
>folk will discover that it can be used to block more than just spam. A
>tool that can be used to blacklist spammers can just as easily be used
>to blacklist individuals, political parties, people who send mail with
>"bad" words, jews, or blacks...
>
>                 bob wyman
>
>-----Original Message-----
>From: asrg-admin@ietf.org [mailto:asrg-admin@ietf.org] On Behalf Of
>Peter Kay
>Sent: Tuesday, August 05, 2003 2:43 PM
>To: Yakov Shafranovich; bob@wyman.us; asrg@ietf.org
>Subject: RE: [Asrg] Trustic anti-spam system closes down because it
>doesn't work
>
>
>There's a fair amount posted on the slashdot site. Basically an
>unacceptably high level of false positives, hypothesized to be cause by
>a high number of spam reports but a low number of "good senders"
>reports.
>
> > -----Original Message-----
> > From: Yakov Shafranovich [mailto:research@solidmatrix.com]
> > Sent: Tuesday, August 05, 2003 8:33 AM
> > To: bob@wyman.us; asrg@ietf.org
> > Subject: Re: [Asrg] Trustic anti-spam system closes down
> > because it doesn't work
> >
> >
> > At 11:33 AM 8/5/2003, Bob Wyman wrote:
> > >from: http://www.trustic.com :
> > >"We have determined that the system as it currently is designed will
> > >not achieve the level of accuracy that we require, and an inaccurate
> > >system is worse than no system." .....
> >
> > Is there detailed information on why it failed?
> >
> >
> > _______________________________________________
> > Asrg mailing list
> > Asrg@ietf.org
> > https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg
> >
> >
> >
>
>
>
>_______________________________________________
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>
>
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Subject: RE: [Asrg] Trustic anti-spam system closes down because it  doesn
	't work
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Date: Tue, 5 Aug 2003 17:05:24 -0700

> 	I can imagine groups of kids getting together in IM chat groups
> and deciding to have some fun "shutting down Microsoft" by 
> having large
> numbers of people report their machines as a source of spam. The same
> sort of "community based" attack might be used to shut down the mail
> servers of the Democratic National Committee or some specific 
> political
> candidate shortly before an election... 

This action is a regular occurrence, not a possibility.

The moveon.org list is regularly blocked for this reason, fortunately it is
now large enough to be whitelisted in many places but a lot of sysadmins
with differing political views still block it using the blacklist entries as
an excuse.

I'll bet that symantec is on plenty of blacklists because there are people
who sell pirated symantec products using spam at prices that are a fraction
of retail.

		Phill
 

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To: "Hallam-Baker, Phillip" <pbaker@verisign.com>
Cc: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Trustic anti-spam system closes down because it doesn 't work 
In-Reply-To: <2A1D4C86842EE14CA9BC80474919782E0D237A@mou1wnexm02.verisign.com> 
From: jm@jmason.org (Justin Mason)
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Date: Tue, 05 Aug 2003 18:08:58 -0700


Hallam-Baker, Phillip writes:
> The moveon.org list is regularly blocked for this reason, fortunately it is
> now large enough to be whitelisted in many places but a lot of sysadmins
> with differing political views still block it using the blacklist entries as
> an excuse.

Is it really, though?  As far as I know, there was an occurrence that
moveon's newsletter was being marked as spam by Razor -- but Razor has
a periodic problem of legit newsletters being marked, for quite a few
newsletters.

(BTW I actually subscribed to it after hearing about it from that
kerfuffle, so they also *gained* subscribers ;)

> I'll bet that symantec is on plenty of blacklists because there are people
> who sell pirated symantec products using spam at prices that are a fraction
> of retail.

But I would doubt anyone sane is blocking Symantec themselves, same as
they're not blocking Pfizer ;)

--j.

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Date: Tue, 5 Aug 2003 18:43:56 -0700

> Is it really, though?  As far as I know, there was an occurrence that
> moveon's newsletter was being marked as spam by Razor -- but Razor has
> a periodic problem of legit newsletters being marked, for quite a few
> newsletters.

I know that organized campaigns of this type exist in other forums. They
have even hit slashdot which is meant to be resistant because you don't know
who has mod points.

One group put out a message to ask folk to read some of my slashdot posts
and mod them down before people saw them. Unluckily for them I happened to
be on the distribution list...

People go to bizare lengths to silence people they disagree with. I once had
a pamphlet censored by a student's union because it was NOT racist. They
interpreted the union policy against censorship, opposing the NUS 'no
platform for racists' policy in the narrowest possible manner. 

I think that we have to be very carefull when considering the information
sources a spam solution depends on. All information sources should be
considered untrustworthy unless there is good reason to think otherwise. If
there is an auditor the actions of the auditor should themselves be open to
review.

		Phill 

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Date: Tue, 05 Aug 2003 22:12:02 -0400

At 09:43 PM 8/5/2003, Hallam-Baker, Phillip wrote:
>........
>I think that we have to be very carefull when considering the information
>sources a spam solution depends on. All information sources should be
>considered untrustworthy unless there is good reason to think otherwise. If
>there is an auditor the actions of the auditor should themselves be open to
>review.

In a consent system, the developers and administrators of the system have 
full freedom to choose which sources and auditors to trust. The notion of 
all sources being "tainted" is something that should mentioned, but I am 
not sure whether that should be done in the consent framework or as part of 
BCPs.

Yakov 


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Subject: RE: [Asrg] Trustic anti-spam system closes down because it 
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Date: Tue, 5 Aug 2003 23:08:50 -0400

At 5:05 PM -0700 8/5/03, Hallam-Baker, Phillip wrote:
>>  	I can imagine groups of kids getting together in IM chat groups
>>  and deciding to have some fun "shutting down Microsoft" by
>>  having large
>>  numbers of people report their machines as a source of spam. The same
>>  sort of "community based" attack might be used to shut down the mail
>>  servers of the Democratic National Committee or some specific
>>  political
>>  candidate shortly before an election...
>
>This action is a regular occurrence, not a possibility.
>
>The moveon.org list is regularly blocked for this reason, fortunately it is
>now large enough to be whitelisted in many places but a lot of sysadmins
>with differing political views still block it using the blacklist entries as
>an excuse.
>
>I'll bet that symantec is on plenty of blacklists because there are people
>who sell pirated symantec products using spam at prices that are a fraction
>of retail.

Those are 2 very poor examples, given that both organizations have 
sent unsolicited bulk email (yes, real live spam) and so are 
absolutely reasonable to  include on any list of senders of spam. 
That they also send a lot of mail to people who have asked for it is 
of debatable relevance.

Both are also examples of 'targeting' being a wholly inadequate 
substitute for actual affirmative consent. In the specific cases 
where I am directly aware of both Symantec and MoveOn spamming, the 
targets were perfectly reasonable guesses as to what sort of people 
might be interested and open to their solicitations. The targeting 
was as good as could be except for the fact that the targets all 
wished to not get unrequested solicitations via email.

If it was possible to identify spam reliably by its senders and 
content, there would be no need for a research group on spam. 
Codifying existing tools could solve the whole problem. 
Unfortunately, entities like Symantec, MoveOn, Verisign, and a myriad 
of others send identical messages from the same places both to people 
who never consented to that mail and people who actively requested 
it. Fixing that problem is beyond any strictly technical solution.

-- 
Bill Cole
bill@scconsult.com


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Date: Tue, 05 Aug 2003 21:34:07 -0700
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--On Tuesday, August 05, 2003 5:05 PM -0700 "Hallam-Baker, Phillip"
<pbaker@verisign.com> wrote:

> 
> This action is a regular occurrence, not a possibility.

There are over 400 DNSBLs that *I* know about. It would be completely
impossible for it to happen, even ONCE on the vast majority of them.
The criteria for listing on most lists are yes/no bits, such as "is
it an open relay?", "is it an open proxy?", "is it a dynamically
assigned IP address?", "is the IP space in the USA?", "is the IP
address in China?"... "does this mailing list do confirmations?".  

In May, your argument for the demise of DNSBLs was that the root
servers could be attacked because someone could joe them and get them
listed on a DNSBL, now it's censorship of the political lists.
Neither have any basis in reality.

DNSBLs are a tool, and a rather effective one.  I'm not quite sure
what the paranoia is here. IMO, there is as much, if not more, danger
in "censoring" mail with contect filters - particularly the "black
box" types.  Frankly, I don't see the problem with either, as long as
the owners of the server know what they are using and why.

We're here to develop technical solutions to the spam problem. From
where I sit, it's going to take every tool we have and then some to
even approach solving the problem. Speculation, innuendo and FUD
about any tool in the arsenal are counter-productive.


--
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=
-=-=
Margie Arbon                   Mail Abuse Prevention System, LLC
Director of Operations
margie@mail-abuse.org          http://mail-abuse.org


_______________________________________________
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 Trustic anti-spam system closes down because it  doesn 't work)
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Date: Wed, 06 Aug 2003 00:55:32 -0400

At 12:34 AM 8/6/2003, Margie wrote:

>--On Tuesday, August 05, 2003 5:05 PM -0700 "Hallam-Baker, Phillip"
><pbaker@verisign.com> wrote:
>
> >
> > This action is a regular occurrence, not a possibility.
>
>There are over 400 DNSBLs that *I* know about. It would be completely
>impossible for it to happen, even ONCE on the vast majority of them.
>The criteria for listing on most lists are yes/no bits, such as "is
>it an open relay?", "is it an open proxy?", "is it a dynamically
>assigned IP address?", "is the IP space in the USA?", "is the IP
>address in China?"... "does this mailing list do confirmations?".

Margie, I believe that Phillip's argument applies solely to RBLs based on 
people voting - "community based" RBLs, which are been discussed. However, 
RBLs like all other tools, are susceptible to errors and mistakes, and it 
is possible that occasionally an erroneous listing will creep in. It is 
also possible that an insider or someone who is trusted by the operator of 
the RBL, can list an innocent site, whether by mistake or on purpose. There 
is also an issue of different policies used by different RBL operators.

HOWEVER, a consent based anti-spam system that utilizes information from 
many sources, and does not rely solely on a specific RBL, can cancel out 
the impact made by this mistake, by using other RBLs and sources of 
information. It also leaves the choice to the developers and 
administrators, to pick and choose which RBLs to use based on their own 
needs and wants. This way we do not have to get involved into deciding what 
kind of proper philosophy should an RBL have.

On a related note, would you, Margie, and perhaps other RBL operators, want 
to help in writing BCPs for RBL operators, and mail administrators that use 
them? I am sure there are many technical issues which can be summarized in 
a BCP (and many political and philosophical RBL issues which can be left out).

Yakov  


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From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@freeradius.org>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 6. Proposals - Blacklists - Community-based (was RE: [Asrg] Trustic anti-spam system closes down because it doesn 't work) 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Tue, 05 Aug 2003 22:12:02 EDT."
             <6.0.0.12.0.20030805220721.00b4cb80@std5.imagineis.com> 
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Date: Wed, 06 Aug 2003 09:13:13 -0400

Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com> wrote:
> In a consent system, the developers and administrators of the system have 
> full freedom to choose which sources and auditors to trust. The notion of 
> all sources being "tainted" is something that should mentioned, but I am 
> not sure whether that should be done in the consent framework or as part of 
> BCPs.

  The consent system proposed by ASRG MUST NOT depend on information
from third parties to the consent exchange.  However, the parties to
the consent exchange MAY use such information, if they so choose.  If
they do, the MUST still communicate their consent as part of the
consent exchange, even if some of that consent is based on information
from third parties.

  The issue is one of informed consent, and of transparency of
consent.  If the sender is unknowingly unable to achieve informed
consent, then there is no effective consent framework.  

  Participants to the consent exchange can use any information they
wish to make their decisions.  Third parties to the consent exchange
are uninvolved, and therefore should be forbidden from interfering in
that conversation (barring legal matters.)

  e.g. Say I subscribe to a political censorship service, and that
service decides to ban all traffic from Ira{q,n}.  When I get
communication requests from Ira{q,n}, I MUST inform them that I do not
consent to that communication.  The reasons why I do not consent are
personal, and SHOULD NOT be communicated.

  Alan DeKok.

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Reply-To: <bob@wyman.us>
From: "Bob Wyman" <bob@wyman.us>
To: "'Margie'" <margie@mail-abuse.org>, <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] Trustic anti-spam system closes down because it  doesn 't work
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Date: Wed, 6 Aug 2003 12:52:40 -0400
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Margie Arbon wrote:
> The criteria for listing on most lists are yes/no bits,=20
> such as "is it an open relay?", "is it an open proxy?"

	Whatever you may say about "most" of the lists, there remains an
issue with those lists that allow subjective measures to influence their
contents. For instance: a "community based" list which relies on votes
from users rather than objectively testable attributes of the server.
	If subjective opinions are allowed to influence what goes on the
list, then there is an undeniable risk of a "tyranny of the mob" being
established. It is likely that such actions could result in attacks on
political groups, etc. Phil was simply suggesting that such attacks have
actually occurred in the past.=20

> IMO, there is as much, if not more, danger in "censoring" mail=20
> with contect filters - particularly the "black box" types.
	You are, of course, correct. As you acknowledge, there is a
danger that DNSBLs will be used to "censor" traffic on the net -- one
may argue whether this danger is greater or less than the danger of
censorship that is presented by content filters, nonetheless, it is
important to acknowledge that the danger exists. Just as the dangers of
content filters have been discussed in this group, it is appropriate
that we should discuss the danger of censorship that can come from
DNSBLS.=20


		bob wyman


-----Original Message-----
From: asrg-admin@ietf.org [mailto:asrg-admin@ietf.org] On Behalf Of
Margie
Sent: Wednesday, August 06, 2003 12:34 AM
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: RE: [Asrg] Trustic anti-spam system closes down because it
doesn 't work



--On Tuesday, August 05, 2003 5:05 PM -0700 "Hallam-Baker, Phillip"
<pbaker@verisign.com> wrote:

>=20
> This action is a regular occurrence, not a possibility.

There are over 400 DNSBLs that *I* know about. It would be completely
impossible for it to happen, even ONCE on the vast majority of them. The
criteria for listing on most lists are yes/no bits, such as "is it an
open relay?", "is it an open proxy?", "is it a dynamically assigned IP
address?", "is the IP space in the USA?", "is the IP address in
China?"... "does this mailing list do confirmations?". =20

In May, your argument for the demise of DNSBLs was that the root servers
could be attacked because someone could joe them and get them listed on
a DNSBL, now it's censorship of the political lists. Neither have any
basis in reality.

DNSBLs are a tool, and a rather effective one.  I'm not quite sure what
the paranoia is here. IMO, there is as much, if not more, danger in
"censoring" mail with contect filters - particularly the "black box"
types.  Frankly, I don't see the problem with either, as long as the
owners of the server know what they are using and why.

We're here to develop technical solutions to the spam problem. From
where I sit, it's going to take every tool we have and then some to even
approach solving the problem. Speculation, innuendo and FUD about any
tool in the arsenal are counter-productive.


-- =
=3D-=3D-=3D-=3D-=3D-=3D-=3D-=3D-=3D-=3D-=3D-=3D-=3D-=3D-=3D-=3D-=3D-=3D-=3D=
-=3D-=3D-=3D-=3D-=3D-=3D-=3D-=3D-=3D-=3D-=3D-=3D-=3D-=3D-=3D
-=3D-=3D
Margie Arbon                   Mail Abuse Prevention System, LLC
Director of Operations
margie@mail-abuse.org          http://mail-abuse.org


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From: "Hallam-Baker, Phillip" <pbaker@verisign.com>
To: "'Margie'" <margie@mail-abuse.org>, asrg@ietf.org
Subject: RE: [Asrg] Trustic anti-spam system closes down because it  doesn
	 't work
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Date: Wed, 6 Aug 2003 06:41:25 -0700


> There are over 400 DNSBLs that *I* know about. It would be completely
> impossible for it to happen, even ONCE on the vast majority of them.
> The criteria for listing on most lists are yes/no bits, such as "is
> it an open relay?", "is it an open proxy?", "is it a dynamically
> assigned IP address?", "is the IP space in the USA?", "is the IP
> address in China?"... "does this mailing list do confirmations?".  

Some lists are based on empirical criteria. But the lists that are usually
used for blocking mail and result in problems are based on complaint
reports.

Empirical lists have also been abused - see the ORBS saga.


> In May, your argument for the demise of DNSBLs was that the root
> servers could be attacked because someone could joe them and get them
> listed on a DNSBL, now it's censorship of the political lists.
> Neither have any basis in reality.

No the argument was that blacklist proceedures are so sloppy that many have
blacklisted IP addresses that could not possibly be spam addresses.

If you know how to send email FROM a multicast address I would love to hear
it.


Perhaps you could try responding to the arguments I made rather than putting
out marketting spin and FUD.




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To: <bob@wyman.us>, "'Margie'" <margie@mail-abuse.org>, <asrg@ietf.org>
From: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>
Subject: 7. Best Practices (was RE: [Asrg] Trustic anti-spam system
  closes down because it  doesn 't work)
Cc: "Hallam-Baker, Phillip" <pbaker@verisign.com>
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Date: Wed, 06 Aug 2003 14:03:13 -0400

At 12:52 PM 8/6/2003, Bob Wyman wrote:
>Margie Arbon wrote:
>.......
> > IMO, there is as much, if not more, danger in "censoring" mail
> > with contect filters - particularly the "black box" types.
>         You are, of course, correct. As you acknowledge, there is a
>danger that DNSBLs will be used to "censor" traffic on the net -- one
>may argue whether this danger is greater or less than the danger of
>censorship that is presented by content filters, nonetheless, it is
>important to acknowledge that the danger exists. Just as the dangers of
>content filters have been discussed in this group, it is appropriate
>that we should discuss the danger of censorship that can come from
>DNSBLS.

This danger would apply to many other anti-spam technologies. It seems that 
this more of a policy issue with specific parties operating the DNSBLs and 
other tools, rather than a technical one. The various issues of how a 
specific tool operates, how its data is collected, whether its operations 
are audited, etc. are very important and should mentioned in a BCP for 
anti-spam tool developers.

Within a consent framework, the individual administrator or developer would 
choose which sources of information to rely on. While the dangers of using 
incorrect information apply, it is really the fault of the individual 
administrators or developers who choose to rely on unaudited or incorrect 
data coming from anti-spam tools. No one forces administrators today to use 
specific DNSBLs, they choose to do so themselves. The issues of choosing a 
reliable source of information is something to be mentioned in a BCP for 
mail administrators.

In any case, anti-spam tools and proposals including DNSBLs must be 
accurate as stated in the requirements document 
(http://www.irtf.org/asrg/draft-irtf-asrg-requirements-xx-01.txt):

----------------snip---------------
2.9  Doesn't Interfere With The Delivery Of Legitimate Mail

The proposal MUST consider, address and keep at a minimum impacts on 
[legitimate] messaging traffic within the MTS.

2.9.1     Rationale:

Proposals must consider the reasons for successful widespread deployment of 
the current MTS: low latency, high deliverability, scalability, 
functionality for multiple content types, etc.  Authors should develop 
proposals that minimize impact in these critical areas for [legitimate] MTS 
uses.  Thus a successful proposal will impact only [spam] and not 
[legitimate] messaging traffic.
------------snip----------  


_______________________________________________
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To: "Hallam-Baker, Phillip" <pbaker@verisign.com>,
        "'Margie'" <margie@mail-abuse.org>, asrg@ietf.org,
        Paul Judge <paul.judge@ciphertrust.com>
From: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>
Subject: 7. Best Practices (was RE: [Asrg] Trustic anti-spam system
  closes down because it  doesn 't work)
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Date: Wed, 06 Aug 2003 14:08:22 -0400

At 09:41 AM 8/6/2003, Hallam-Baker, Phillip wrote:
>............
>
> > In May, your argument for the demise of DNSBLs was that the root
> > servers could be attacked because someone could joe them and get them
> > listed on a DNSBL, now it's censorship of the political lists.
> > Neither have any basis in reality.
>
>No the argument was that blacklist proceedures are so sloppy that many have
>blacklisted IP addresses that could not possibly be spam addresses.
>
>If you know how to send email FROM a multicast address I would love to hear
>it.

Policies and procedures should be addressed within the framework of the 
ASRG in the Best Practices area. Anyone who wants to participate in writing 
them is more than welcome. Also, perhaps we need a separate BCP for 
anti-spam tool operators as a separate item on the research agenda.

>Perhaps you could try responding to the arguments I made rather than putting
>out marketting spin and FUD.

Come down people, no reason to get all cooked up :) While there are 
problems with DNSBLs, they can be safely addressed within the context of 
the ASRG, in the BCP area. But the bottom line is, that the mail 
administrators are the ones that choose which DNSBLs to rely on, and part 
of the fault is with them as well.

Yakov 


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Reply-To: <bob@wyman.us>
From: "Bob Wyman" <bob@wyman.us>
To: "'Yakov Shafranovich'" <research@solidmatrix.com>,
        "'Margie'" <margie@mail-abuse.org>, <asrg@ietf.org>
Cc: "'Hallam-Baker, Phillip'" <pbaker@verisign.com>
Subject: RE: 7. Best Practices (was RE: [Asrg] Trustic anti-spam system  closes down because it  doesn 't work)
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Yakov Shafranovich wrote:
> Within a consent framework, the individual administrator
> or developer would choose which sources of information to rely on.
	It should be recognized that if someone other than the actual
recipient of mail is making the decisions about how mail is to be
filtered, then there exists a possibility for inappropriate filtering of
messages (or censorship). Thus, I'm somewhat concerned when you suggest
it is "admistrator or developer" who would choose what "sources of
information" to rely on. I believe the individual should always be
provided a means to override or block any such third party decisions
about what they should be seeing.

	A classic example of adminstrators filtering too many messages
by "accident" and/or due to their lack of understanding the context in
which messages were exchanged was Prodigy's decision (back in the late
80's) that people couldn't use "bad words" in discussion forums. The
result was that you weren't able to use the word "bitch" in a forum that
discussed breeding dogs... Prodigy had incorrectly determined that all
uses of the word "bitch" were inappropriate. The individuals who were
discussing dog breeding would not have made this decision.
	Merely giving choice to users doesn't actually solve the
problem. I can imagine, for instance, a religious, political or business
leader who insists that all of his followers/employees and their
families must use a particular "rating service" in order to protect them
from "inappropriate" messages. This would be a case where external
pressures are put to bear to effectively remove the individual's choice
by means of forcing them to "choose" according to the dictates of a
third party.
	Yes, these are social issues -- not technical ones. However, we
should be aware of the social impact of the technologies that we
advocate or evaluate.

			bob wyman


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From exim@www1.ietf.org  Wed Aug  6 14:39:34 2003
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To: <bob@wyman.us>, "'Margie'" <margie@mail-abuse.org>, <asrg@ietf.org>
From: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>
Subject: RE: 7. Best Practices (was RE: [Asrg] Trustic anti-spam system
   closes down because it  doesn 't work)
Cc: "'Hallam-Baker, Phillip'" <pbaker@verisign.com>
In-Reply-To: <001901c35c47$943ee890$640aa8c0@BOBDEV>
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Date: Wed, 06 Aug 2003 14:37:53 -0400

At 02:21 PM 8/6/2003, Bob Wyman wrote:
>Yakov Shafranovich wrote:
> > Within a consent framework, the individual administrator
> > or developer would choose which sources of information to rely on.
>         It should be recognized that if someone other than the actual
>recipient of mail is making the decisions about how mail is to be
>filtered, then there exists a possibility for inappropriate filtering of
>messages (or censorship). Thus, I'm somewhat concerned when you suggest
>it is "admistrator or developer" who would choose what "sources of
>information" to rely on. I believe the individual should always be
>provided a means to override or block any such third party decisions
>about what they should be seeing.

Allow me to correct myself:

"Within the consent framework, the individual administrator, developer and 
END-USER would choose which sources of information to rely on"

>.........
>         Merely giving choice to users doesn't actually solve the
>problem. I can imagine, for instance, a religious, political or business
>leader who insists that all of his followers/employees and their
>families must use a particular "rating service" in order to protect them
>from "inappropriate" messages. This would be a case where external
>pressures are put to bear to effectively remove the individual's choice
>by means of forcing them to "choose" according to the dictates of a
>third party.

Consent policies of administrators and the user's organization do affect 
the end-user, and the end-user may not always have the ability to change 
their policies. While each end-user may define his or her own consent 
policy, upstream providers such as the user's organization, his ISP, his 
ISP's ISP, etc. can restrict those policies based on their own. Even entire 
countries such as China or Saudi Arabia can have a country-wide consent 
policy affecting all end-users.

Giving the end-user a choice whenever possible is an interesting idea. 
Where would be the correct place to state it: consent framework, 
requirements document or elsewhere?


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To: "'bob@wyman.us'" <bob@wyman.us>, "'Margie'" <margie@mail-abuse.org>,
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Subject: 7. Best Practices for blacklists (was RE: [Asrg] Trustic anti-spa
	m system closes down because it  doesn 't work)
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Date: Wed, 6 Aug 2003 13:54:54 -0400



> -----Original Message-----
> From: Bob Wyman [mailto:bob@wyman.us] 
> Sent: Wednesday, August 06, 2003 12:53 PM
> To: 'Margie'; asrg@ietf.org
> Subject: RE: [Asrg] Trustic anti-spam system closes down 
> because it doesn 't work
> 
> Just as the dangers of content 
> filters have been discussed in this group, it is appropriate 
> that we should discuss the danger of censorship that can come 
> from DNSBLS. 

However, the goal has to be to reach some constructive result rather than
simply debating  the pros and cons of DNSBLs. One of the work items is a BCP
for blacklists. This can include advice for users of these services as well
as providers of these services. Chris Lewis is currently creating these
document. Please frame any additional comments on this topic as input to
such a document.

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On Mon, 4 Aug 2003 06:41:50 -1000
"Peter Kay" <peter@titankey.com> wrote:

>  I do believe that techniques using a 
>  550/NSU response are effective in truly 
>  reducing spam...

It'd be interesting to hear a focused, clearly articulated case 
identifying exactly how a "false-550" spoof could possibly affect 
spam volume.  Ideally, the case should explicitly address the 
following points:

I. The return address on the majority of spam is either:

     A. utterly nonexistent, consisting of either: 
        1. forged username (e.g., yxal88qz@sbc.net)
        2. non-existent domain (e.g., Fred@NoSuchDomain.com)

     B. a legitimate address of an innocent party, pulled at 
        random from the spammer's database of email addresses
 
II. The false-550 notices:

     A. Cannot possibly be delivered to the nonexistent 
        addresses identified in I.A, and therefore cannot 
        possibly affect spam volume.

     B. Are deliverable to I.B addresses, but since the 
        I.B recipients are not the source of the original 
        spam, it's difficult to imagine precisely how the
        false-550 message would/could influence the amount 
        of spam sent by someone else.

III. The small fraction of bulk email that actually bears 
     the spammer's true return address can be handled and 
     eliminated without resorting to deceptive, high-volume 
     automatically-generated email.

There are also several tangential points that would be crucial in 
building a business case for the false-550 approach:

   1. For every spam bearing a I.A.1 forged username, the
      false-550 approach generates, directly or indirectly, 
      a minimum of 4 additional automated emails, thus
      effectively quintupling the burden on shared network 
      resources.  *Everyone* ends up paying higher costs 
      associated with a 5-fold increase in unnecessary 
      automated email.

   2. When a false-550 message arrives in the InBox of an
      innocent 3rd party (I.B addresses), it constitutes 
      an unsolicted, deceptive, automated email, whose sole 
      purpose is to promote the vested interests of the 
      sender at the expense of the recipient (i.e., SPAM).
      Individuals/organizations who send a false-550 should 
      not be surprised to find that some folks think of them 
      (and treat them) as spammers.

   3. Every time a false-550 message is sent to someone who
      has attempted to undertake an innocent correspondence,
      the very act of replying with a *false message* impacts 
      the sender's credibility.  (It amounts to saying, "Some 
      people take advantage of open communication, so here at 
      XYZ Corp., we believe that every conversation with a 
      stranger should begin with a lie.")



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From: Daniel Feenberg <feenberg@nber.org>
To: Bob Wyman <bob@wyman.us>
cc: "'Yakov Shafranovich'" <research@solidmatrix.com>,
        "'Margie'" <margie@mail-abuse.org>, asrg@ietf.org,
        "'Hallam-Baker, Phillip'" <pbaker@verisign.com>
Subject: RE: 7. Best Practices (was RE: [Asrg] Trustic anti-spam system 
 closes down because it  doesn 't work)
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Date: Wed, 6 Aug 2003 17:24:56 -0400 (EDT)



On Wed, 6 Aug 2003, Bob Wyman wrote:

> Yakov Shafranovich wrote:
> > Within a consent framework, the individual administrator
> > or developer would choose which sources of information to rely on.
> 	It should be recognized that if someone other than the actual
> recipient of mail is making the decisions about how mail is to be
> filtered, then there exists a possibility for inappropriate filtering of
> messages (or censorship). Thus, I'm somewhat concerned when you suggest
> it is "admistrator or developer" who would choose what "sources of
> information" to rely on. I believe the individual should always be
> provided a means to override or block any such third party decisions
> about what they should be seeing.
> 

The individual, through his choice of ISP or DNSBL, makes the
determination of the mail policy. It is wrong to ignore the user choice of
ISP, and claim that the ISP or DNSBL decision is censorship by a third
party. The constant drumbeat of "censorship" cries is merely an attempt to
prevent users from obtaining help in rejecting spam, and given the
technical difficulties involved in do-it-yourself spam reduction, can only
be classified as pro-spam propaganda. 

As long as the user chooses the ISP or DNSBL, censorship is not happening.
I should add, that the user is the one paying for the service - not the
one writing the message. This is the old IBM definition of the user, and
the correct one in this context.

Daniel Feenberg



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Subject: RE: [Asrg] RE: 2.a.1 Analysis of Actual Spam Data - Titan Key reduces spam attacks
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Thread-Index: AcNcYNc4/hlzE+5FTkKHoAkN+WrhdwAFajhg
From: "Peter Kay" <peter@titankey.com>
To: "Terry Sullivan" <terry@pantos.org>, <asrg@ietf.org>
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Date: Wed, 6 Aug 2003 14:06:58 -1000
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I think you pose some very good questions, although much of your
questions are based on a incorrect assumption: that the  "false-550"
spoof attempts to send an NSU message to the sender, which it does not.


If you hand-type an smtp transaction and attempt to send an email to a
known non-existent recipient you'll see what I mean.

So perhaps after you've gone through that exercise, you will see that an
NSU email is not sent to the recipient and you can restructure your
questions in a tighter context. =20

If you need clearer direction don't hesitate to email me off-list.

Peter

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Terry Sullivan [mailto:terry@pantos.org]=20
> Sent: Wednesday, August 06, 2003 11:19 AM
> To: asrg@ietf.org
> Subject: RE: [Asrg] RE: 2.a.1 Analysis of Actual Spam Data -=20
> Titan Key reduces spam attacks
>=20
>=20
> On Mon, 4 Aug 2003 06:41:50 -1000
> "Peter Kay" <peter@titankey.com> wrote:
>=20
> >  I do believe that techniques using a
> >  550/NSU response are effective in truly=20
> >  reducing spam...
>=20
> It'd be interesting to hear a focused, clearly articulated case=20
> identifying exactly how a "false-550" spoof could possibly affect=20
> spam volume.  Ideally, the case should explicitly address the=20
> following points:
>=20
> I. The return address on the majority of spam is either:
>=20
>      A. utterly nonexistent, consisting of either:=20
>         1. forged username (e.g., yxal88qz@sbc.net)
>         2. non-existent domain (e.g., Fred@NoSuchDomain.com)
>=20
>      B. a legitimate address of an innocent party, pulled at=20
>         random from the spammer's database of email addresses
> =20
> II. The false-550 notices:
>=20
>      A. Cannot possibly be delivered to the nonexistent=20
>         addresses identified in I.A, and therefore cannot=20
>         possibly affect spam volume.
>=20
>      B. Are deliverable to I.B addresses, but since the=20
>         I.B recipients are not the source of the original=20
>         spam, it's difficult to imagine precisely how the
>         false-550 message would/could influence the amount=20
>         of spam sent by someone else.
>=20
> III. The small fraction of bulk email that actually bears=20
>      the spammer's true return address can be handled and=20
>      eliminated without resorting to deceptive, high-volume=20
>      automatically-generated email.
>=20
> There are also several tangential points that would be crucial in=20
> building a business case for the false-550 approach:
>=20
>    1. For every spam bearing a I.A.1 forged username, the
>       false-550 approach generates, directly or indirectly,=20
>       a minimum of 4 additional automated emails, thus
>       effectively quintupling the burden on shared network=20
>       resources.  *Everyone* ends up paying higher costs=20
>       associated with a 5-fold increase in unnecessary=20
>       automated email.
>=20
>    2. When a false-550 message arrives in the InBox of an
>       innocent 3rd party (I.B addresses), it constitutes=20
>       an unsolicted, deceptive, automated email, whose sole=20
>       purpose is to promote the vested interests of the=20
>       sender at the expense of the recipient (i.e., SPAM).
>       Individuals/organizations who send a false-550 should=20
>       not be surprised to find that some folks think of them=20
>       (and treat them) as spammers.
>=20
>    3. Every time a false-550 message is sent to someone who
>       has attempted to undertake an innocent correspondence,
>       the very act of replying with a *false message* impacts=20
>       the sender's credibility.  (It amounts to saying, "Some=20
>       people take advantage of open communication, so here at=20
>       XYZ Corp., we believe that every conversation with a=20
>       stranger should begin with a lie.")
>=20
>=20
>=20
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg
>=20
>=20
>=20



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From: "Elric Pedder" <elric@novitraq.com>
To: "'Terry Sullivan'" <terry@pantos.org>, <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] RE: 2.a.1 Analysis of Actual Spam Data - Titan Key reduces spam attacks
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> From: asrg-admin@ietf.org [mailto:asrg-admin@ietf.org] On 
> Behalf Of Terry Sullivan
> Sent: August 6, 2003 17:19
> To: asrg@ietf.org
> Subject: RE: [Asrg] RE: 2.a.1 Analysis of Actual Spam Data - 
> Titan Key reduces spam attacks

> On Mon, 4 Aug 2003 06:41:50 -1000
> "Peter Kay" <peter@titankey.com> wrote:
> 
> >  I do believe that techniques using a 
> >  550/NSU response are effective in truly 
> >  reducing spam...
> 
> It'd be interesting to hear a focused, clearly articulated case 
> identifying exactly how a "false-550" spoof could possibly affect 
> spam volume.  Ideally, the case should explicitly address the 
> following points:

According to RFC2821 a 550 response is defined as

| Requested action not taken: mailbox unavailable
| (e.g., mailbox not found, no access, or command rejected
| for policy reasons)
 
Note the "...rejected for policy reasons" part.  It is perfectly
acceptable to reject a message as part of an expression of
consent.

> I. The return address on the majority of spam is either:
> 
>      A. utterly nonexistent, consisting of either: 
>         1. forged username (e.g., yxal88qz@sbc.net)
>         2. non-existent domain (e.g., Fred@NoSuchDomain.com)
> 
>      B. a legitimate address of an innocent party, pulled at 
>         random from the spammer's database of email addresses

If the sending MTA is the source of the spam, then this action
will have a positive effect and no further notifications will
be generated.  The problem you describe only occurs if the
sending relay is an abused third-party.  It happens, but I would
not say in the majority of cases.  
  
In the case where the sending MTA is an innocent third-party,
then the production of DSNs would, at the very least, raise an
alarm for the administrators and enable them to do something
about it.

> II. The false-550 notices:
> 
>      A. Cannot possibly be delivered to the nonexistent 
>         addresses identified in I.A, and therefore cannot 
>         possibly affect spam volume.
> 
>      B. Are deliverable to I.B addresses, but since the 
>         I.B recipients are not the source of the original 
>         spam, it's difficult to imagine precisely how the
>         false-550 message would/could influence the amount 
>         of spam sent by someone else.

However, in the case of a false positive this notice is
critical in informing the sender that their message has not
been delivered.
 
> III. The small fraction of bulk email that actually bears 
>      the spammer's true return address can be handled and 
>      eliminated without resorting to deceptive, high-volume 
>      automatically-generated email.
> 
> There are also several tangential points that would be crucial 
> in building a business case for the false-550 approach:
> 
>    1. For every spam bearing a I.A.1 forged username, the
>       false-550 approach generates, directly or indirectly, 
>       a minimum of 4 additional automated emails, thus
>       effectively quintupling the burden on shared network 
>       resources.  *Everyone* ends up paying higher costs 
>       associated with a 5-fold increase in unnecessary 
>       automated email.

How do you arrive at the "minimum of 4 additional automated
emails" ?  If a 550 response is returned, a maximum of one
automated e-mail is generated.  (Unless I'm missing something.)
This message should not have a return path and thus cannot be 
bounced.  Either it is delivered, or it is dropped.
 
>    2. When a false-550 message arrives in the InBox of an
>       innocent 3rd party (I.B addresses), it constitutes 
>       an unsolicted, deceptive, automated email, whose sole 
>       purpose is to promote the vested interests of the 
>       sender at the expense of the recipient (i.e., SPAM).
>       Individuals/organizations who send a false-550 should 
>       not be surprised to find that some folks think of them 
>       (and treat them) as spammers.
> 
>    3. Every time a false-550 message is sent to someone who
>       has attempted to undertake an innocent correspondence,
>       the very act of replying with a *false message* impacts 
>       the sender's credibility.  (It amounts to saying, "Some 
>       people take advantage of open communication, so here at 
>       XYZ Corp., we believe that every conversation with a 
>       stranger should begin with a lie.")

In an effective system I would imagine the 550 response to
include details informing the sender on what has happened,
rather than simply dropping the message.

Given all that, I also fail to see how such responses would
actually reduce the spam volume.  Perhaps when we have more
data this will become clearer.

Best Regards,
	- Elric
 

-- 
Elric Pedder
Mailtraq Development (www.mailtraq.com)


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To: "'Daniel Feenberg'" <feenberg@nber.org>, Bob Wyman <bob@wyman.us>
Cc: "'Yakov Shafranovich'" <research@solidmatrix.com>,
        "'Margie'"
	 <margie@mail-abuse.org>, asrg@ietf.org,
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Subject: RE: 7. Best Practices (was RE: [Asrg] Trustic anti-spam system  c
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Date: Wed, 6 Aug 2003 17:17:38 -0700

> The individual, through his choice of ISP or DNSBL, makes the
> determination of the mail policy. It is wrong to ignore the 
> user choice of
> ISP, and claim that the ISP or DNSBL decision is censorship by a third
> party. 

The problem is that ISPs rarely tell the user which blacklist they are
using, let alone the basis on which blacklisting occurs. 

> The constant drumbeat of "censorship" cries is merely 
> an attempt to
> prevent users from obtaining help in rejecting spam, and given the
> technical difficulties involved in do-it-yourself spam 
> reduction, can only
> be classified as pro-spam propaganda. 

A problem has been identified with blacklists and backed up with examples of
the problem occurring. 

I do not believe that we should ignore that fact that depending on data from
a wide range of sources is an issue. If the issue is recognized there is a
good probability it can be fixed. Pretending the issue does not exist is a
sure way to ensure that it becomes a problem.

		Phill


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From: "Terry Sullivan" <terry@pantos.org>
To: "asrg@ietf.org" <asrg@ietf.org>, "Elric Pedder" <elric@novitraq.com>
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On Wed, 6 Aug 2003 20:11:23 -0400, Elric Pedder wrote:

>How do you arrive at the "minimum of 4 additional automated
>emails" ?  If a 550 response is returned, a maximum of one
>automated e-mail is generated.  (Unless I'm missing something.)

As you pointed out later in your reply, each faux-550 response must 
be followed by an automated email message, addressed to 
whatever-the-return-address was.  That autoresponder message, 
intended to avoid (well, diminish) false positives, outlines the 
"procedure" necessary to actually send email to the address.  (Mea 
cupla, in the heat of the moment, I counted server responses as 
messages, and I shouldn't have.)  Still, for each hijacked return 
address, the sheer number of automated messages being passes around 
(and the corresponding burden on shared resources) is not diminished; 
at best, it is merely redirected. 

[snip]

>In an effective system I would imagine the 550 response to
>include details informing the sender on what has happened,
>rather than simply dropping the message.

Perzactly.

- Terry


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Eric,

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Elric Pedder [mailto:elric@novitraq.com]=20
>=20
> Given all that, I also fail to see how such responses would=20
> actually reduce the spam volume.  Perhaps when we have more=20
> data this will become clearer.
>=20
>=20

It's the "more data" where this whole group falls on its face. There's
so many of us that are so quick to throw in our $0.02, but oh-so-slow to
come forward with some real effort. As you probably know, we've had an
open offer to work with others that want to assist w/ this "more data"
part, and the list has been un-surprisingly quiet in those regards.

I offered to wager $1 with one of the members off-list that no one would
step forward. That member wisely did not accept my wager.  :(

Peter



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Does any know of good resources that describe any details of DHAs? The
stuff I was able to find was cursory and full of "marketing messages".
Other than the big picture of what DHAs are, I'd like to know more about
them along the lines of what the connection signatures look like, for
example:

A. connect once, then loop through multple "rcpt to"

B. Connect, harvest only a few, disconnect, then reconnect and do it
again

C. connect, then loop on: harvest 1 address, reset session, .

D. connect, harvest a few, disconnect, change IPs, loop.=20

E. etc.


If anyone can contribute I'll volunteer to collect the data and submit
to the chair for inclusion.




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To: "Terry Sullivan" <terry@pantos.org>, "asrg@ietf.org" <asrg@ietf.org>,
        "Elric Pedder" <elric@novitraq.com>, "Peter Kay" <peter@titankey.com>
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  reduces spam attacks
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Date: Thu, 07 Aug 2003 00:20:40 -0400

At 09:19 PM 8/6/2003, Terry Sullivan wrote:
>On Wed, 6 Aug 2003 20:11:23 -0400, Elric Pedder wrote:
>
> >How do you arrive at the "minimum of 4 additional automated
> >emails" ?  If a 550 response is returned, a maximum of one
> >automated e-mail is generated.  (Unless I'm missing something.)
>
>As you pointed out later in your reply, each faux-550 response must
>be followed by an automated email message, addressed to
>whatever-the-return-address was.  That autoresponder message,
>intended to avoid (well, diminish) false positives, outlines the
>"procedure" necessary to actually send email to the address.  (Mea
>cupla, in the heat of the moment, I counted server responses as
>messages, and I shouldn't have.)  Still, for each hijacked return
>address, the sheer number of automated messages being passes around
>(and the corresponding burden on shared resources) is not diminished;
>at best, it is merely redirected.

Titankey's system is also a C/R system in addition to the 550s. Greylisting 
is a proposal that floated earlier on the list, which is similar. It issues 
445 and waits for the server to retry, but does not send out automated 
messages.

As mentioned before, all C/R system have the detriment of extra automated 
email messages passed around. Its a disadvantage of C/R, but the benefits 
may outweigh it.  


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Date: Thu, 07 Aug 2003 00:23:27 -0400

There is a interesting set of articles set up as a discussion at MIT 
Technology Review magazine's website. Many of participants are current or 
former members of ASRG, the link is:

http://www.technologyreview.com/articles/dialog0703.asp?p=0


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From: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 2.a Spam Measurements:  data available on Directory
  Harvesting Attacks (DHAs)
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Date: Thu, 07 Aug 2003 00:25:51 -0400

At 11:50 PM 8/6/2003, Peter Kay wrote:
>Does any know of good resources that describe any details of DHAs? The
>stuff I was able to find was cursory and full of "marketing messages".
>Other than the big picture of what DHAs are, I'd like to know more about
>them along the lines of what the connection signatures look like, for
>example:
>
>A. connect once, then loop through multple "rcpt to"
>
>B. Connect, harvest only a few, disconnect, then reconnect and do it
>again
>
>C. connect, then loop on: harvest 1 address, reset session, .
>
>D. connect, harvest a few, disconnect, change IPs, loop.
>
>E. etc.
>
>
>If anyone can contribute I'll volunteer to collect the data and submit
>to the chair for inclusion.

Someone mentioned this before, do a search on gmane.org on the list 
archive. Also, I believe that Brightmail, Postini, SpamArchive and others 
offered data if needed on spam, and we should ask them. Do we have a liason 
relationship setup with those entities?

Yakov 


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Subject: Re: [Asrg] 2.a.1 Analysis of Actual Spam Data - Titan Key reduces spam attac
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Date: Wed, 06 Aug 2003 23:14:25 -0600

This is a multi-part message in MIME format.

------=_NextPart_000_2338_22b1_6fd4
Content-Type: text/plain; format=flowed

From: "Peter Kay" <peter@titankey.com>

>>-----Original Message-----
> >From: Elric Pedder [mailto:elric@novitraq.com]
>>
> >Given all that, I also fail to see how such responses would >actually 
>reduce the spam volume.  Perhaps when we have more >data this will become 
>clearer.
>>
>>
>
>It's the "more data" where this whole group falls on its face. There's
>so many of us that are so quick to throw in our $0.02, but oh-so-slow to
>come forward with some real effort. As you probably know, we've had an
>open offer to work with others that want to assist w/ this "more data"
>part, and the list has been un-surprisingly quiet in those regards.
>
>I offered to wager $1 with one of the members off-list that no one would
>step forward. That member wisely did not accept my wager.  :(

Since the 12th of July I have been tracking my spam volumes at a poisoned 
account.
on the 20th I decided to start unsubscribing from the mail I received.
Since the 25th I have unsubscribed from every piece of mail that I could.

I have seen spam volumes decrease from 20-30 per day to 10-15 per day over 
the course of 2 weeks.
I see this as relevant, but its impact on long term volumes is still to be 
determined.
I believe piece by piece unsubscribe should be evaluated as one type of spam 
control method evaluated in the proposed simultaneous and long term 
comparison of spam control systems.

Attached is my data short term though it is.

John Fenley

_________________________________________________________________
Help STOP SPAM with the new MSN 8 and get 2 months FREE*  
http://join.msn.com/?page=features/junkmail

------=_NextPart_000_2338_22b1_6fd4
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pont_____@msn.com


July 12		36

13th		24
14th		31
15th		25
16th		5
17th		20
18th		34
19th		29

20th		31
21st		18
22nd		23
23rd		23
24th		19
25th		16
26th		19

27th		20
28th		22
29th		12
30th		9
31st		18
August
1st		12
2nd		11

3rd		8
4th		9
5th		11





------=_NextPart_000_2338_22b1_6fd4--

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Good idea. I did as search for "directory harvest", "dictionary harvest"
and even "harvest" and nothing relevant came up. The vendors you
mentioned below would be greatly helpful. If anyone knows someone...


>=20
> Someone mentioned this before, do a search on gmane.org on the list=20
> archive. Also, I believe that Brightmail, Postini,=20
> SpamArchive and others=20
> offered data if needed on spam, and we should ask them. Do we=20
> have a liason=20
> relationship setup with those entities?
>=20
> Yakov=20
>=20
>=20
>=20
>=20



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From: Paul Judge <paul.judge@ciphertrust.com>
To: "'Yakov Shafranovich'" <research@solidmatrix.com>,
        "'Peter Kay'"
	 <peter@titankey.com>,
        "'asrg@ietf.org'" <asrg@ietf.org>,
        Paul Judge
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Subject: RE: [Asrg] 2.a Spam Measurements:  data available on Directory Ha
	rvesting Attacks (DHAs)
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Date: Thu, 7 Aug 2003 10:53:11 -0400



> Someone mentioned this before, do a search on gmane.org on the list 
> archive. Also, I believe that Brightmail, Postini, 
> SpamArchive and others 
> offered data if needed on spam, and we should ask them. Do we 
> have a liason 
> relationship setup with those entities?


The thing to understand here is that there are different types of
measurements that can be done. Some focus on characterizing the current
problem; others focus on evaluating certain solutions. 

In spam characterization, there are four categories: 1) sending, 2) source,
3) message, and 4) spam attack characteristics. The above thread about DHAs
is part of spam attack characteristics. This category requires more protocol
level data therefore requires  spamtrap data while the rest of the
categories can be explored with data from spam messages. SpamArchive
provides spam messages and that data is readily available for download. The
need now is for persons with spamtraps that are willing to collect certain
data and/or run certain tools to analyze data. Also, a volunteer is needed
to lead this effort and create the tools and coordinate the volunteers.

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Subject: RE: [Asrg] 2.a Spam Measurements:  data available on Directory Harvesting Attacks (DHAs)
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From: "Peter Kay" <peter@titankey.com>
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I'll step up to the plate w/ 2 volunteer efforts:

1. whatever we can gather from our servers getting hit. We log each
session to a database so we can get pretty good stuff out of that.  I
have not done any heavy db analysis to see if we've gotten whacked w/ a
DHA but my hunch says no. perhaps some spammers watching this list can
change that.=20

2. lead the effort. And by "lead" I mean, "a team of more than just me".


I think DHA's are a big deal, and so far my Googling hasn't brought up
too much published info. Any info this league of extraordinary
technicals can dig up would be extremely helpful to all.

Maybe we can start by asking those that have been a (known) victim of a
DHA can step fwd as they might have an interest in making that problem
go away.

Peter

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Paul Judge [mailto:paul.judge@ciphertrust.com]=20
> Sent: Thursday, August 07, 2003 4:53 AM
> To: 'Yakov Shafranovich'; Peter Kay; 'asrg@ietf.org'; Paul Judge
> Subject: RE: [Asrg] 2.a Spam Measurements: data available on=20
> Directory Harvesting Attacks (DHAs)
>=20
>=20
>=20
>=20
> > Someone mentioned this before, do a search on gmane.org on the list
> > archive. Also, I believe that Brightmail, Postini,=20
> > SpamArchive and others=20
> > offered data if needed on spam, and we should ask them. Do we=20
> > have a liason=20
> > relationship setup with those entities?
>=20
>=20
> The thing to understand here is that there are different types of
> measurements that can be done. Some focus on characterizing=20
> the current
> problem; others focus on evaluating certain solutions.=20
>=20
> In spam characterization, there are four categories: 1)=20
> sending, 2) source,
> 3) message, and 4) spam attack characteristics. The above=20
> thread about DHAs
> is part of spam attack characteristics. This category=20
> requires more protocol
> level data therefore requires  spamtrap data while the rest of the
> categories can be explored with data from spam messages. SpamArchive
> provides spam messages and that data is readily available for=20
> download. The
> need now is for persons with spamtraps that are willing to=20
> collect certain
> data and/or run certain tools to analyze data. Also, a=20
> volunteer is needed
> to lead this effort and create the tools and coordinate the=20
> volunteers.
>=20
>=20
>=20



_______________________________________________
Asrg mailing list
Asrg@ietf.org
https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg



From exim@www1.ietf.org  Thu Aug  7 13:17:48 2003
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To: asrg@ietf.org
From: Scott Nelson <scott@spamwolf.com>
Subject: [Asrg] SMTP level unsubscribe
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Date: Thu, 07 Aug 2003 10:17:37 -0700

At 11:14 PM 8/6/03 -0600, John Fenley wrote:
[edited]
>
>Since the 12th of July I have been tracking my spam volumes at a poisoned 
>account.
>on the 20th I decided to start unsubscribing from the mail I received.
>Since the 25th I have unsubscribed from every piece of mail that I could.
>
>I have seen spam volumes decrease from 20-30 per day to 10-15 per day over 
>the course of 2 weeks.
>I see this as relevant, but its impact on long term volumes is still to be 
>determined.
>I believe piece by piece unsubscribe should be evaluated as one type of spam 
>control method evaluated in the proposed simultaneous and long term 
>comparison of spam control systems.
>

There is an urban myth (possibly true) that unsubscribing makes the 
problem worse.  I did the harvest experiment, where you invent an 
address and unsubscribe it from every spam you receive on anther address.
It did eventually get spam.
Another urban myth is the grandmother who complains of hundreds of
spams a day, and upon investigation, she's been subscribed to spam-L.
I think this has happened (except for the spam-L part).
There are many people who refuse to unsubscribe from "legitimate" 
mailing lists that they signed up for because of the 
"unsubscribing makes the problem worse" myth.

I've always wondered whether unsubscribing would reduce the overall
volume, or increase it but that's a separate topic.

I propose standardizing an SMTP level error code to mean "unsubscribe".
I chose "578 5.7.8 Unsubscribe" which would be returned immediately
after the RCPT command.  It could be thought of as a "that user
does not consent to any further email from you" but I prefer
the single word "unsubscribe".

There's could also be a standardized DSN but that requires generating
a message, which is always problematic, and has the possibility
of forgeries associated.

Pros:

Legacy compatible.  
  Most existing mailing list software would interpret this as a 
  "no such user" and remove them from the mailing list.

Well defined result.
  Some list software retries, even on a permanent failure because 
  of vagaries in the mailing system.  But if you get a 578 at the
  SMTP level, you can be certain that the user wants to unsubscribe.

No extra messages.
  Currently, a large percentage of messages that ask you to unsubscribe
  are spam, and don't actually care about you unsubscribing.  Most
  will never be heard from again in any event.



Cons:

Server only.
  This could only be implemented at the server level, and it's not
  particularly easy to implement unless you already implement a 
  server side foe's list.  

Facilitates Harvesting.
  It's possible to collect some information about a mailbox, 
  because it will respond slightly differently when an agent 
  unsubscribes.



Although a minor change to the protocol, 
I think this would encourage more providers to offer the option of 
selective blocking, and (when available) it makes unsubscribe a
simple /and consistent/ operation for the end user.

Scott Nelson <scott@spamwolf.com>


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From: John Kurrle <John.Kurrle@mci.com>
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Date: Thu, 07 Aug 2003 10:49:07 -0700
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I got a bunch of bounce messages yesterday with attached spam, which seemed
to indicate I was somehow spamming.  At first, I thought someone forged my
email address into the the spam's reply to line, as I saw no spam in my
"Sent Items" folder, but now I'm not so sure.

Running a virus check with updated virus signatures showed no hits, but
updating my spyware checkers' databases and scanning indicated that somehow
a new version of the C2 LOP spyware got installed on my PC.  I immediately
cleaned it off, and I've only received one bounce message today (perhaps a
leftover from yesterday?).

While I have heard of viruses compromising machines and using them as open
relays, this is the first time I've ever heard of spyware doing it.  If this
is the case, then we have a new vector of delivery of spam to contend with.
What's more disturbing, is that most virus scanners don't check for spyware
(actually, I don't know of any that do.)  So now, we could have a whole new
delivery vector that for most people would be undetectable, because they
think their virus scanners will stop it...


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To: Scott Nelson <scott@spamwolf.com>, asrg@ietf.org,
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From: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>
Subject: 6. Proposals - SMTP Level Unsubscribe (was Re: [Asrg] SMTP
  level unsubscribe)
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Date: Thu, 07 Aug 2003 14:29:10 -0400

At 01:17 PM 8/7/2003, Scott Nelson wrote:
>At 11:14 PM 8/6/03 -0600, John Fenley wrote:
>[edited]
> >
>.......
> >I believe piece by piece unsubscribe should be evaluated as one type of 
> spam
> >control method evaluated in the proposed simultaneous and long term
> >comparison of spam control systems.
> >
>There is an urban myth (possibly true) that unsubscribing makes the
>problem worse.

The most reliable source of information on this is a report by the US 
Department of Energy's CIAC back in 1997 (its obviously dated). The report 
can be found at (http://www.ciac.org/ciac/bulletins/i-005c.shtml) with the 
following quote:

"DO NOT Sending "remove" messages to a spammer.  It simply validates your 
e-mail address for future spammings."

I remember vaguely reading a while ago, that the Dept of Energy actually 
ran a study on this. However, the general consensus on the Internet seems 
that what unsubscribing from spam messages does is actually unknown.

The FTC implies that people should use the "Remove" link and report any 
site that refuses to honor it 
(http://www.ftc.gov/bcp/conline/pubs/online/inbox.htm):

"Let the FTC know if a "remove me" request is not honored. If you want to 
complain about a removal link that doesn't work or not being able to 
unsubcribe from a list, you can fill out the FTC's online complaint form at 
www.ftc.gov."


>.......
>I've always wondered whether unsubscribing would reduce the overall
>volume, or increase it but that's a separate topic.

I would suggest that someone here runs a large statistical study on what 
unsubscribes actually do or solicit this information from one of the 
anti-spam companies.

>I propose standardizing an SMTP level error code to mean "unsubscribe".
>I chose "578 5.7.8 Unsubscribe" which would be returned immediately
>after the RCPT command.  It could be thought of as a "that user
>does not consent to any further email from you" but I prefer
>the single word "unsubscribe".
>
>There's could also be a standardized DSN but that requires generating
>a message, which is always problematic, and has the possibility
>of forgeries associated.
>
>Pros:
>
>Legacy compatible.
>   Most existing mailing list software would interpret this as a
>   "no such user" and remove them from the mailing list.
>
>Well defined result.
>   Some list software retries, even on a permanent failure because
>   of vagaries in the mailing system.  But if you get a 578 at the
>   SMTP level, you can be certain that the user wants to unsubscribe.
>
>No extra messages.
>   Currently, a large percentage of messages that ask you to unsubscribe
>   are spam, and don't actually care about you unsubscribing.  Most
>   will never be heard from again in any event.
>
>
>
>Cons:
>
>Server only.
>   This could only be implemented at the server level, and it's not
>   particularly easy to implement unless you already implement a
>   server side foe's list.
>
>Facilitates Harvesting.
>   It's possible to collect some information about a mailbox,
>   because it will respond slightly differently when an agent
>   unsubscribes.
>
>
>
>Although a minor change to the protocol,
>I think this would encourage more providers to offer the option of
>selective blocking, and (when available) it makes unsubscribe a
>simple /and consistent/ operation for the end user.
>
>Scott Nelson <scott@spamwolf.com>
>
>
>_______________________________________________
>Asrg mailing list
>Asrg@ietf.org
>https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg


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Subject: RE: 7. Best Practices (was RE: [Asrg] Trustic anti-spam system
   c loses down because it  doesn 't work)
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Date: Thu, 07 Aug 2003 14:32:17 -0400

At 08:17 PM 8/6/2003, Hallam-Baker, Phillip wrote:
>....
>
> > The constant drumbeat of "censorship" cries is merely
> > an attempt to
> > prevent users from obtaining help in rejecting spam, and given the
> > technical difficulties involved in do-it-yourself spam
> > reduction, can only
> > be classified as pro-spam propaganda.
>
>A problem has been identified with blacklists and backed up with examples of
>the problem occurring.
>
>I do not believe that we should ignore that fact that depending on data from
>a wide range of sources is an issue. If the issue is recognized there is a
>good probability it can be fixed. Pretending the issue does not exist is a
>sure way to ensure that it becomes a problem.

How and where would we address the problem? Should we address it within the 
context of Best Practices or perhaps as part of the requirements? And who 
is willing to volunteer some time to write and coordinate efforts in the 
this area?

Yakov 


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To: "John Fenley" <pontifier@hotmail.com>, peter@titankey.com, asrg@ietf.org
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] 2.a.1 Analysis of Actual Spam Data - Titan Key
  reduces spam attac
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Date: Thu, 07 Aug 2003 14:35:15 -0400

At 01:14 AM 8/7/2003, John Fenley wrote:
>From: "Peter Kay" <peter@titankey.com>
>
>>>-----Original Message-----
>> >From: Elric Pedder [mailto:elric@novitraq.com]
>> >Given all that, I also fail to see how such responses would >actually 
>> reduce the spam volume.  Perhaps when we have more >data this will 
>> become clearer.
>>>
>>
>>It's the "more data" where this whole group falls on its face. There's
>>so many of us that are so quick to throw in our $0.02, but oh-so-slow to
>>come forward with some real effort. As you probably know, we've had an
>>open offer to work with others that want to assist w/ this "more data"
>>part, and the list has been un-surprisingly quiet in those regards.
>>
>>I offered to wager $1 with one of the members off-list that no one would
>>step forward. That member wisely did not accept my wager.  :(
>
>Since the 12th of July I have been tracking my spam volumes at a poisoned 
>account.
>on the 20th I decided to start unsubscribing from the mail I received.
>Since the 25th I have unsubscribed from every piece of mail that I could.
>
>I have seen spam volumes decrease from 20-30 per day to 10-15 per day over 
>the course of 2 weeks.
>I see this as relevant, but its impact on long term volumes is still to be 
>determined.
>I believe piece by piece unsubscribe should be evaluated as one type of 
>spam control method evaluated in the proposed simultaneous and long term 
>comparison of spam control systems.
>
>Attached is my data short term though it is.

I started doing this as well today to a poisoned account and we'll see what 
happens. HOWEVER, I would like to suggest that someone organizes or 
coordinates a large-scale study of "unsubscribes", so we can settle this issue.

Yakov 


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From: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] 2.a Spam Measurements:  data available on Directory
  Harvesting Attacks (DHAs)
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Date: Thu, 07 Aug 2003 14:39:07 -0400

At 12:20 PM 8/7/2003, Peter Kay wrote:
>I'll step up to the plate w/ 2 volunteer efforts:
>
>1. whatever we can gather from our servers getting hit. We log each
>session to a database so we can get pretty good stuff out of that.  I
>have not done any heavy db analysis to see if we've gotten whacked w/ a
>DHA but my hunch says no. perhaps some spammers watching this list can
>change that.
>
>2. lead the effort. And by "lead" I mean, "a team of more than just me".

We need a statistically large pool of data on this from many sources. If 
you are open to "leading" this effort, then we should start making a list 
of what we are looking for, and then getting people with "spam traps" and 
anti-spam companies, to collect and provide the data.

If you are open to leading the general spam measurements efforts, then keep 
in mind the list at (http://www.irtf.org/asrg/spam_characterization.htm) 
which you might want to take over management of.


>I think DHA's are a big deal, and so far my Googling hasn't brought up
>too much published info. Any info this league of extraordinary
>technicals can dig up would be extremely helpful to all.
>
>Maybe we can start by asking those that have been a (known) victim of a
>DHA can step fwd as they might have an interest in making that problem
>go away.
>
>Peter
>
> > -----Original Message-----
> > From: Paul Judge [mailto:paul.judge@ciphertrust.com]
> > Sent: Thursday, August 07, 2003 4:53 AM
> > To: 'Yakov Shafranovich'; Peter Kay; 'asrg@ietf.org'; Paul Judge
> > Subject: RE: [Asrg] 2.a Spam Measurements: data available on
> > Directory Harvesting Attacks (DHAs)
> >
> >
> >
> >
> > > Someone mentioned this before, do a search on gmane.org on the list
> > > archive. Also, I believe that Brightmail, Postini,
> > > SpamArchive and others
> > > offered data if needed on spam, and we should ask them. Do we
> > > have a liason
> > > relationship setup with those entities?
> >
> >
> > The thing to understand here is that there are different types of
> > measurements that can be done. Some focus on characterizing
> > the current
> > problem; others focus on evaluating certain solutions.
> >
> > In spam characterization, there are four categories: 1)
> > sending, 2) source,
> > 3) message, and 4) spam attack characteristics. The above
> > thread about DHAs
> > is part of spam attack characteristics. This category
> > requires more protocol
> > level data therefore requires  spamtrap data while the rest of the
> > categories can be explored with data from spam messages. SpamArchive
> > provides spam messages and that data is readily available for
> > download. The
> > need now is for persons with spamtraps that are willing to
> > collect certain
> > data and/or run certain tools to analyze data. Also, a
> > volunteer is needed
> > to lead this effort and create the tools and coordinate the
> > volunteers.
> >
> >
> >
>
>
>
>_______________________________________________
>Asrg mailing list
>Asrg@ietf.org
>https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg


_______________________________________________
Asrg mailing list
Asrg@ietf.org
https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg



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From: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] 2.a Spam Measurements:  data available on Directory
  Harvesting Attacks (DHAs)
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Date: Thu, 07 Aug 2003 14:47:36 -0400

SpamHaus has been monitoring a dictionary attack on Hotmail for some time. 
See this article:

http://www.spamhaus.org/newsdog.lasso?article=114

Perhaps they can provide some more info on this.


At 02:39 PM 8/7/2003, Yakov Shafranovich wrote:
>At 12:20 PM 8/7/2003, Peter Kay wrote:
>>I'll step up to the plate w/ 2 volunteer efforts:
>>
>>1. whatever we can gather from our servers getting hit. We log each
>>session to a database so we can get pretty good stuff out of that.  I
>>have not done any heavy db analysis to see if we've gotten whacked w/ a
>>DHA but my hunch says no. perhaps some spammers watching this list can
>>change that.
>>2. lead the effort. And by "lead" I mean, "a team of more than just me".
>
>We need a statistically large pool of data on this from many sources. If 
>you are open to "leading" this effort, then we should start making a list 
>of what we are looking for, and then getting people with "spam traps" and 
>anti-spam companies, to collect and provide the data.
>
>If you are open to leading the general spam measurements efforts, then 
>keep in mind the list at 
>(http://www.irtf.org/asrg/spam_characterization.htm) which you might want 
>to take over management of.
>
>
>>I think DHA's are a big deal, and so far my Googling hasn't brought up
>>too much published info. Any info this league of extraordinary
>>technicals can dig up would be extremely helpful to all.
>>
>>Maybe we can start by asking those that have been a (known) victim of a
>>DHA can step fwd as they might have an interest in making that problem
>>go away.
>>
>>Peter
>>
>> > -----Original Message-----
>> > From: Paul Judge [mailto:paul.judge@ciphertrust.com]
>> > Sent: Thursday, August 07, 2003 4:53 AM
>> > To: 'Yakov Shafranovich'; Peter Kay; 'asrg@ietf.org'; Paul Judge
>> > Subject: RE: [Asrg] 2.a Spam Measurements: data available on
>> > Directory Harvesting Attacks (DHAs)
>> >
>> >
>> >
>> >
>> > > Someone mentioned this before, do a search on gmane.org on the list
>> > > archive. Also, I believe that Brightmail, Postini,
>> > > SpamArchive and others
>> > > offered data if needed on spam, and we should ask them. Do we
>> > > have a liason
>> > > relationship setup with those entities?
>> >
>> >
>> > The thing to understand here is that there are different types of
>> > measurements that can be done. Some focus on characterizing
>> > the current
>> > problem; others focus on evaluating certain solutions.
>> >
>> > In spam characterization, there are four categories: 1)
>> > sending, 2) source,
>> > 3) message, and 4) spam attack characteristics. The above
>> > thread about DHAs
>> > is part of spam attack characteristics. This category
>> > requires more protocol
>> > level data therefore requires  spamtrap data while the rest of the
>> > categories can be explored with data from spam messages. SpamArchive
>> > provides spam messages and that data is readily available for
>> > download. The
>> > need now is for persons with spamtraps that are willing to
>> > collect certain
>> > data and/or run certain tools to analyze data. Also, a
>> > volunteer is needed
>> > to lead this effort and create the tools and coordinate the
>> > volunteers.
>> >
>> >
>> >
>>
>>
>>
>>_______________________________________________
>>Asrg mailing list
>>Asrg@ietf.org
>>https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg
>
>
>_______________________________________________
>Asrg mailing list
>Asrg@ietf.org
>https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg


_______________________________________________
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Asrg@ietf.org
https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg



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To: Scott Nelson <scott@spamwolf.com>, asrg@ietf.org,
        "Peter Kay" <peter@titankey.com>
From: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>
Subject: 6. Proposals - SMTP Level Unsubscribe (was Re: [Asrg] SMTP
  level unsubscribe)
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Date: Thu, 07 Aug 2003 14:51:46 -0400

Take a look at this page:

http://www.spamhaus.org/removelists.html

At 01:17 PM 8/7/2003, Scott Nelson wrote:
>At 11:14 PM 8/6/03 -0600, John Fenley wrote:
>[edited]
> >
>.......
> >I believe piece by piece unsubscribe should be evaluated as one type of 
> spam
> >control method evaluated in the proposed simultaneous and long term
> >comparison of spam control systems.
> >
>There is an urban myth (possibly true) that unsubscribing makes the
>problem worse.

The most reliable source of information on this is a report by the US 
Department of Energy's CIAC back in 1997 (its obviously dated). The report 
can be found at (http://www.ciac.org/ciac/bulletins/i-005c.shtml) with the 
following quote:

"DO NOT Sending "remove" messages to a spammer.  It simply validates your 
e-mail address for future spammings."

I remember vaguely reading a while ago, that the Dept of Energy actually 
ran a study on this. However, the general consensus on the Internet seems 
that what unsubscribing from spam messages does is actually unknown.

The FTC implies that people should use the "Remove" link and report any 
site that refuses to honor it 
(http://www.ftc.gov/bcp/conline/pubs/online/inbox.htm):

"Let the FTC know if a "remove me" request is not honored. If you want to 
complain about a removal link that doesn't work or not being able to 
unsubcribe from a list, you can fill out the FTC's online complaint form at 
www.ftc.gov."


>.......
>I've always wondered whether unsubscribing would reduce the overall
>volume, or increase it but that's a separate topic.

I would suggest that someone here runs a large statistical study on what 
unsubscribes actually do or solicit this information from one of the 
anti-spam companies.

>I propose standardizing an SMTP level error code to mean "unsubscribe".
>I chose "578 5.7.8 Unsubscribe" which would be returned immediately
>after the RCPT command.  It could be thought of as a "that user
>does not consent to any further email from you" but I prefer
>the single word "unsubscribe".
>
>There's could also be a standardized DSN but that requires generating
>a message, which is always problematic, and has the possibility
>of forgeries associated.
>
>Pros:
>
>Legacy compatible.
>   Most existing mailing list software would interpret this as a
>   "no such user" and remove them from the mailing list.
>
>Well defined result.
>   Some list software retries, even on a permanent failure because
>   of vagaries in the mailing system.  But if you get a 578 at the
>   SMTP level, you can be certain that the user wants to unsubscribe.
>
>No extra messages.
>   Currently, a large percentage of messages that ask you to unsubscribe
>   are spam, and don't actually care about you unsubscribing.  Most
>   will never be heard from again in any event.
>
>
>
>Cons:
>
>Server only.
>   This could only be implemented at the server level, and it's not
>   particularly easy to implement unless you already implement a
>   server side foe's list.
>
>Facilitates Harvesting.
>   It's possible to collect some information about a mailbox,
>   because it will respond slightly differently when an agent
>   unsubscribes.
>
>
>
>Although a minor change to the protocol,
>I think this would encourage more providers to offer the option of
>selective blocking, and (when available) it makes unsubscribe a
>simple /and consistent/ operation for the end user.
>
>Scott Nelson <scott@spamwolf.com>
>
>
>_______________________________________________
>Asrg mailing list
>Asrg@ietf.org
>https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg


_______________________________________________
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  [Asrg] New Vector of Spamming?)
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Date: Thu, 07 Aug 2003 16:36:47 -0400

At 01:49 PM 8/7/2003, John Kurrle wrote:
>I got a bunch of bounce messages yesterday with attached spam, which seemed
>to indicate I was somehow spamming.  At first, I thought someone forged my
>email address into the the spam's reply to line, as I saw no spam in my
>"Sent Items" folder, but now I'm not so sure.
>
>Running a virus check with updated virus signatures showed no hits, but
>updating my spyware checkers' databases and scanning indicated that somehow
>a new version of the C2 LOP spyware got installed on my PC.  I immediately
>cleaned it off, and I've only received one bounce message today (perhaps a
>leftover from yesterday?).
>
>While I have heard of viruses compromising machines and using them as open
>relays, this is the first time I've ever heard of spyware doing it.  If this
>is the case, then we have a new vector of delivery of spam to contend with.
>What's more disturbing, is that most virus scanners don't check for spyware
>(actually, I don't know of any that do.)  So now, we could have a whole new
>delivery vector that for most people would be undetectable, because they
>think their virus scanners will stop it...

John, can you provide a spam sample?

Yakov  


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Subject: Re: [Asrg] SMTP level unsubscribe
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Date: Thu, 7 Aug 2003 19:36:53 -0400

At 10:17 AM -0700 8/7/03, Scott Nelson wrote:
>I propose standardizing an SMTP level error code to mean "unsubscribe".
>I chose "578 5.7.8 Unsubscribe" which would be returned immediately
>after the RCPT command.  It could be thought of as a "that user
>does not consent to any further email from you" but I prefer
>the single word "unsubscribe".

Because it contains no token which proves that you actually received 
any of the messages you are unsubscribing from, it's susceptible to 
abuse (unsubscribing people against their will).  Also I doubt that 
most commercial mailers would go for it because it has very limited 
granularity.  You might fire off such a message in response to some 
mail from a idiot who bought a CD and unwittingly remove yourself 
from the lists of several of your favorite software vendors--because 
they all happened to use the same bulk mail provider.
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.messagefire.com/          Anti-Spam Service for your POP Account
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.

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Quoting Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>:

> At 10:17 AM -0700 8/7/03, Scott Nelson wrote:
> >I propose standardizing an SMTP level error code to mean
> "unsubscribe".
> >I chose "578 5.7.8 Unsubscribe" which would be returned immediately
> >after the RCPT command.  It could be thought of as a "that user
> >does not consent to any further email from you" but I prefer
> >the single word "unsubscribe".
> 
> Because it contains no token which proves that you actually received 
> any of the messages you are unsubscribing from, it's susceptible to 
> abuse (unsubscribing people against their will). Also I doubt that 
> most commercial mailers would go for it because it has very limited 
> granularity.  You might fire off such a message in response to some 
> mail from a idiot who bought a CD and unwittingly remove yourself 
> from the lists of several of your favorite software vendors--because 
> they all happened to use the same bulk mail provider.

I'm not quite sure what your objection is. Do you mean that this
is possible because the server MTA's policy may not reflect the true
consent of the end recipient? If the site administrator set a blanket
policy for their entire MTA then I agree this would be a problem.

However it could be much more granular than that. By the time the
RCPT command has been received, the MTA knows:

 - the IP address of the previous system (the sender or a relay)
 - the detail in the HELO or EHLO command
 - the address in the MAIL FROM command
 - the address in the RCPT TO command

Not all of this information may be useful, but the pair consisting
of [sender, recipient] could be used to provide very granular
unsubscribe behaviour, as long as the server MTA's actions do in
fact accurately reflect the consent of the end-recipient.

Perhaps I missed something? If you'd like to provide a more
detailed counter-example, please do.

However in all of this there is the assumption that the MTA somehow
"knows" what the recipient wants, which raises again the question
as to how (by what protocol) a recipient could communicate their
consent to an MTA. This fits in with section 2.5.1 of the consent
framework document:

  http://www.solidmatrix.com/research/asrg/asrg-consent-framework.html

It would be interesting to see some more debate in that area.

There is also the issue of which MTA would be responsible for 
doing this. For the simple situation where the recipient uses their
ISP's POP/IMAP servers to receive their mail, it might be relatively
easy to send consent details to that ISP's server MTA. To try and
communicate such data into other MTAs closer to the network core
would be much more difficult due to the sheer volume of data.

Regards

Andrew


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To: Andrew Akehurst <A.D.Akehurst-99@student.lboro.ac.uk>
From: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] SMTP level unsubscribe
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Date: Fri, 8 Aug 2003 10:41:11 -0400

At 1:57 PM +0100 8/8/03, Andrew Akehurst wrote:
>Quoting Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>:
>
>>  At 10:17 AM -0700 8/7/03, Scott Nelson wrote:
>>  >I propose standardizing an SMTP level error code to mean
>>  "unsubscribe".
>>  >I chose "578 5.7.8 Unsubscribe" which would be returned immediately
>>  >after the RCPT command.  It could be thought of as a "that user
>>  >does not consent to any further email from you" but I prefer
>  > >the single word "unsubscribe".
>>
>...
>I'm not quite sure what your objection is. Do you mean that this

Braindeadness on my part.  For some reason I thought it was something 
sent to the bulkmailer, as opposed to a reply to an incoming message. 
Ignore my message.
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.messagefire.com/          Anti-Spam Service for your POP Account
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.

_______________________________________________
Asrg mailing list
Asrg@ietf.org
https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg



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Subject: [Asrg] 2.a.1. Spam Measurements - Data - Blank messages
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Date: Fri, 08 Aug 2003 17:52:53 -0400

Does anyone have an idea what purpose do blank spam messages serve? I 
receive them once in a while - a sample one is below. Are they sent just to 
check whether the email address works?

------------snip---------------
Return-Path: <crissycash_bo@bolt.com>
Received: from netway.at (pcp007523pcs.dental.mu.edu [134.48.70.129])
	by pocketmail.com (8.12.9/8.12.9) with ESMTP id h78LQUAf028290
	for <********@pocketmail.com>; Fri, 8 Aug 2003 14:26:30 -0700 (PDT)
Message-ID: <185f01c35df4$ac122d70$c0de95ea@x4a7e61>
From: "Crissy Cash" <crissycash_bo@bolt.com>
To: yakov@pocketmail.com
Subject: Don't be shy
Date: Fri, 08 Aug 2003 21:29:57 +0000
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Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
Status: U
X-PocketMail-version: 3.10
X-PocketMail-flags:
X-PocketMail-msgn: 30327
X-UIDL: 30330

----snip-----


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Date: Fri, 08 Aug 2003 18:27:46 -0400

After trying to do unsubscribe from every spam that I got in a poisoned 
account, I came with some interesting observations. Of course there is not 
enough data to make this statistically correct but the empirical 
observations are interesting.

 From all the spams that were received in this account in the last 2 days, 
most seem to come from four specific sources. All these sources had 
unsubscribe pages. When I tried to unsubscribe twice, I got a warning that 
the address has already been removed. I tried doing this a day apart, it 
still worked. You can see for yourself at:

http://www.med21sx.com/a.html

What I am getting from this is that these four specific spammers maintain 
"remove" lists. One possible reason for them to do so, is that sending spam 
to people that do not want it anymore, will not provide spammers with any 
possibility of extra revenue, and may hurt them in the long run because 
those people if still receiving the spam, will report the spammers. Of 
course, the other reason could be that its all a ploy or a verify operation.

In any case, we need more data on this and preferably a large-scale study.

Yakov


---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Yakov Shafranovich / <research@solidmatrix.com>
SolidMatrix Research, a division of SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
"One who watches the wind will never sow, and one who keeps his eyes on
the clouds will never reap" (Ecclesiastes 11:4)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------  


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Date: Fri, 08 Aug 2003 18:53:59 -0400
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 From what I've heard about the unsubscribe issue is that once you "try" 
to unsubscribe they actually know there is active account. There is a 
spammer in Burlington MA that uses this technique to build email lists. 
I also understand they will send out "free things" types of emails to 
get you to come to the site.

Chuck Wegrzyn


Yakov Shafranovich wrote:
> After trying to do unsubscribe from every spam that I got in a poisoned 
> account, I came with some interesting observations. Of course there is 
> not enough data to make this statistically correct but the empirical 
> observations are interesting.
> 
>  From all the spams that were received in this account in the last 2 
> days, most seem to come from four specific sources. All these sources 
> had unsubscribe pages. When I tried to unsubscribe twice, I got a 
> warning that the address has already been removed. I tried doing this a 
> day apart, it still worked. You can see for yourself at:
> 
> http://www.med21sx.com/a.html
> 
> What I am getting from this is that these four specific spammers 
> maintain "remove" lists. One possible reason for them to do so, is that 
> sending spam to people that do not want it anymore, will not provide 
> spammers with any possibility of extra revenue, and may hurt them in the 
> long run because those people if still receiving the spam, will report 
> the spammers. Of course, the other reason could be that its all a ploy 
> or a verify operation.
> 
> In any case, we need more data on this and preferably a large-scale study.
> 
> Yakov
> 
> 
> --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
> 
> Yakov Shafranovich / <research@solidmatrix.com>
> SolidMatrix Research, a division of SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc.
> --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
> 
> "One who watches the wind will never sow, and one who keeps his eyes on
> the clouds will never reap" (Ecclesiastes 11:4)
> ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
> 
> 
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg
> 
> 


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Date: Fri, 08 Aug 2003 17:01:42 -0600


----- Original Message -----
From: "Yakov Shafranovich" <research@solidmatrix.com>
>After trying to do unsubscribe from every spam that I got in a poisoned 
>account, I came with some interesting observations. Of course there is not 
>enough data to make this statistically correct but the empirical 
>observations are interesting.
>
>  From all the spams that were received in this account in the last 2 days, 
>most seem to come from four specific sources. All these sources had 
>unsubscribe pages. When I tried to unsubscribe twice, I got a warning that 
>the address has already been removed. I tried doing this a day apart, it 
>still worked. You can see for yourself at:
>
>http://www.med21sx.com/a.html
>
>What I am getting from this is that these four specific spammers maintain 
>"remove" lists. One possible reason for them to do so, is that sending spam 
>to people that do not want it anymore, will not provide spammers with any 
>possibility of extra revenue, and may hurt them in the long run because 
>those people if still receiving the spam, will report the spammers. Of 
>course, the other reason could be that its all a ploy or a verify 
>operation.
>
>In any case, we need more data on this and preferably a large-scale study.
>
>Yakov

I have found that after about a week the sources that used to send the spam 
actually do stop. Then new sources start sending. Then they stop, and all 
that is left is the ones without unsubscribes. By some odd twist even those 
seem to have slowed down for me.

John Fenley

_________________________________________________________________
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From: Shaun Bryant <sbryant@ThePit.org>
To: "'asrg@ietf.org'" <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] 2.a.1. Spam Measurements - Data - Unsubscribe
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Date: Fri, 8 Aug 2003 17:58:13 -0700

From the tests that I have done with various honey-pot accounts I have seen
a great increase in the amount of spam that the account receives when I
"unsubscribed". I believe it depends a lot on the type of spam you are using
in your test. Was the spam mostly bulk, or was it semi-solicited? Where the
e-mails originated from somewhere the account you where testing with gave
the address out to that may have "shared" it with other organizations? 

Shaun  

> -----Original Message-----
> From: C Wegrzyn [mailto:wegrzyn@garbagedump.com]
> Sent: Friday, August 08, 2003 3:54 PM
> To: Yakov Shafranovich
> Cc: asrg@ietf.org
> Subject: Re: [Asrg] 2.a.1. Spam Measurements - Data - Unsubscribe
> 
>  From what I've heard about the unsubscribe issue is that once you "try"
> to unsubscribe they actually know there is active account. There is a
> spammer in Burlington MA that uses this technique to build email lists.
> I also understand they will send out "free things" types of emails to
> get you to come to the site.
> 
> Chuck Wegrzyn
> 
> 
> Yakov Shafranovich wrote:
> > After trying to do unsubscribe from every spam that I got in a poisoned
> > account, I came with some interesting observations. Of course there is
> > not enough data to make this statistically correct but the empirical
> > observations are interesting.
> >
> >  From all the spams that were received in this account in the last 2
> > days, most seem to come from four specific sources. All these sources
> > had unsubscribe pages. When I tried to unsubscribe twice, I got a
> > warning that the address has already been removed. I tried doing this a
> > day apart, it still worked. You can see for yourself at:
> >
> > http://www.med21sx.com/a.html
> >
> > What I am getting from this is that these four specific spammers
> > maintain "remove" lists. One possible reason for them to do so, is that
> > sending spam to people that do not want it anymore, will not provide
> > spammers with any possibility of extra revenue, and may hurt them in the
> > long run because those people if still receiving the spam, will report
> > the spammers. Of course, the other reason could be that its all a ploy
> > or a verify operation.
> >
> > In any case, we need more data on this and preferably a large-scale
> study.
> >
> > Yakov
> >
> >
> > ------------------------------------------------------------------------
> ---------------------------
> >
> > Yakov Shafranovich / <research@solidmatrix.com>
> > SolidMatrix Research, a division of SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc.
> > ------------------------------------------------------------------------
> ---------------------------
> >
> > "One who watches the wind will never sow, and one who keeps his eyes on
> > the clouds will never reap" (Ecclesiastes 11:4)
> > ------------------------------------------------------------------------
> ---------------------------
> >
> >
> > _______________________________________________
> > Asrg mailing list
> > Asrg@ietf.org
> > https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg
> >
> >
> 
> 
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg

_______________________________________________
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From: Paul Judge <paul.judge@ciphertrust.com>
To: "'asrg@ietf.org'" <asrg@ietf.org>
Cc: "'Peter Kay'" <peter@titankey.com>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] 2.a.1. Spam Measurements - Spam Response Effectivness 
	 (was:  2.a.1. Spam Measurements - Data - Unsubscribe)
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Date: Sat, 9 Aug 2003 04:12:53 -0400


While everyone's input is interesting, these data points are not truly
meaningful.
A sound measurement study is needed to provide meaningful insight here.

There have been some efforts on that path in the past:

http://www.simplyquick.com/privacy.html#3
http://www.infoworld.com/article/03/03/21/12ebsecret_1.html
The FTC did a study on this also, but I can't find the link right now.

My view is that this is directed related to the thread about the analysis of
the effectiveness spam response techniques. That thread focused on
responding with SMTP error codes. This thread speaks about responding with a
unsubscribe request. Peter, can you incorporate this into the analysis plan
that you are putting together? From there we can determine an appropriate
methodology for collecting this data.

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Shaun Bryant [mailto:sbryant@ThePit.org] 
> Sent: Friday, August 08, 2003 8:58 PM
> To: 'asrg@ietf.org'
> Subject: RE: [Asrg] 2.a.1. Spam Measurements - Data - Unsubscribe
> 
> 
> From the tests that I have done with various honey-pot 
> accounts I have seen a great increase in the amount of spam 
> that the account receives when I "unsubscribed". I believe it 
> depends a lot on the type of spam you are using in your test. 
> Was the spam mostly bulk, or was it semi-solicited? Where the 
> e-mails originated from somewhere the account you where 
> testing with gave the address out to that may have "shared" 
> it with other organizations? 
> 
> Shaun  
> 
> > -----Original Message-----
> > From: C Wegrzyn [mailto:wegrzyn@garbagedump.com]
> > Sent: Friday, August 08, 2003 3:54 PM
> > To: Yakov Shafranovich
> > Cc: asrg@ietf.org
> > Subject: Re: [Asrg] 2.a.1. Spam Measurements - Data - Unsubscribe
> > 
> >  From what I've heard about the unsubscribe issue is that once you 
> > "try" to unsubscribe they actually know there is active 
> account. There 
> > is a spammer in Burlington MA that uses this technique to 
> build email 
> > lists. I also understand they will send out "free things" types of 
> > emails to get you to come to the site.
> > 
> > Chuck Wegrzyn
> > 
> > 
> > Yakov Shafranovich wrote:
> > > After trying to do unsubscribe from every spam that I got in a 
> > > poisoned account, I came with some interesting observations. Of 
> > > course there is not enough data to make this 
> statistically correct 
> > > but the empirical observations are interesting.
> > >
> > >  From all the spams that were received in this account in 
> the last 2 
> > > days, most seem to come from four specific sources. All these 
> > > sources had unsubscribe pages. When I tried to 
> unsubscribe twice, I 
> > > got a warning that the address has already been removed. I tried 
> > > doing this a day apart, it still worked. You can see for yourself 
> > > at:
> > >
> > > http://www.med21sx.com/a.html
> > >
> > > What I am getting from this is that these four specific spammers 
> > > maintain "remove" lists. One possible reason for them to 
> do so, is 
> > > that sending spam to people that do not want it anymore, will not 
> > > provide spammers with any possibility of extra revenue, 
> and may hurt 
> > > them in the long run because those people if still receiving the 
> > > spam, will report the spammers. Of course, the other 
> reason could be 
> > > that its all a ploy or a verify operation.
> > >
> > > In any case, we need more data on this and preferably a 
> large-scale
> > study.
> > >
> > > Yakov
> > >
> > >
> > > 
> --------------------------------------------------------------------
> > > ----
> > ---------------------------
> > >
> > > Yakov Shafranovich / <research@solidmatrix.com>
> > > SolidMatrix Research, a division of SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc.
> > > 
> --------------------------------------------------------------------
> > > ----
> > ---------------------------
> > >
> > > "One who watches the wind will never sow, and one who 
> keeps his eyes 
> > > on the clouds will never reap" (Ecclesiastes 11:4)
> > > 
> --------------------------------------------------------------------
> > > ----
> > ---------------------------
> > >
> > >
> > > _______________________________________________
> > > Asrg mailing list
> > > Asrg@ietf.org
> > > https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg
> > >
> > >
> > 
> > 
> > _______________________________________________
> > Asrg mailing list
> > Asrg@ietf.org
> > https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg
> 
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg
> 

_______________________________________________
Asrg mailing list
Asrg@ietf.org
https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg



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Date: Sat, 9 Aug 2003 11:02:22 -1000
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Great idea. Gotit.

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Paul Judge [mailto:paul.judge@ciphertrust.com]=20
> Sent: Friday, August 08, 2003 10:13 PM
> To: 'asrg@ietf.org'
> Cc: Peter Kay
> Subject: RE: [Asrg] 2.a.1. Spam Measurements - Spam Response=20
> Effectivness (was: 2.a.1. Spam Measurements - Data - Unsubscribe)
>=20
>=20
>=20
> While everyone's input is interesting, these data points are=20
> not truly meaningful. A sound measurement study is needed to=20
> provide meaningful insight here.
>=20
> There have been some efforts on that path in the past:
>=20
> http://www.simplyquick.com/privacy.html#3
> http://www.infoworld.com/article/03/03/21/12ebsecret_1.html
> The FTC did a study on this also, but I can't find the link right now.
>=20
> My view is that this is directed related to the thread about=20
> the analysis of the effectiveness spam response techniques.=20
> That thread focused on responding with SMTP error codes. This=20
> thread speaks about responding with a unsubscribe request.=20
> Peter, can you incorporate this into the analysis plan that=20
> you are putting together? From there we can determine an=20
> appropriate methodology for collecting this data.
>=20
> > -----Original Message-----
> > From: Shaun Bryant [mailto:sbryant@ThePit.org]
> > Sent: Friday, August 08, 2003 8:58 PM
> > To: 'asrg@ietf.org'
> > Subject: RE: [Asrg] 2.a.1. Spam Measurements - Data - Unsubscribe
> >=20
> >=20
> > From the tests that I have done with various honey-pot
> > accounts I have seen a great increase in the amount of spam=20
> > that the account receives when I "unsubscribed". I believe it=20
> > depends a lot on the type of spam you are using in your test.=20
> > Was the spam mostly bulk, or was it semi-solicited? Where the=20
> > e-mails originated from somewhere the account you where=20
> > testing with gave the address out to that may have "shared"=20
> > it with other organizations?=20
> >=20
> > Shaun
> >=20
> > > -----Original Message-----
> > > From: C Wegrzyn [mailto:wegrzyn@garbagedump.com]
> > > Sent: Friday, August 08, 2003 3:54 PM
> > > To: Yakov Shafranovich
> > > Cc: asrg@ietf.org
> > > Subject: Re: [Asrg] 2.a.1. Spam Measurements - Data - Unsubscribe
> > >=20
> > >  From what I've heard about the unsubscribe issue is that once you
> > > "try" to unsubscribe they actually know there is active=20
> > account. There
> > > is a spammer in Burlington MA that uses this technique to
> > build email
> > > lists. I also understand they will send out "free things" types of
> > > emails to get you to come to the site.
> > >=20
> > > Chuck Wegrzyn
> > >=20
> > >=20
> > > Yakov Shafranovich wrote:
> > > > After trying to do unsubscribe from every spam that I got in a
> > > > poisoned account, I came with some interesting observations. Of=20
> > > > course there is not enough data to make this=20
> > statistically correct
> > > > but the empirical observations are interesting.
> > > >
> > > >  From all the spams that were received in this account in
> > the last 2
> > > > days, most seem to come from four specific sources. All these
> > > > sources had unsubscribe pages. When I tried to=20
> > unsubscribe twice, I
> > > > got a warning that the address has already been removed. I tried
> > > > doing this a day apart, it still worked. You can see=20
> for yourself=20
> > > > at:
> > > >
> > > > http://www.med21sx.com/a.html
> > > >
> > > > What I am getting from this is that these four specific spammers
> > > > maintain "remove" lists. One possible reason for them to=20
> > do so, is
> > > > that sending spam to people that do not want it=20
> anymore, will not
> > > > provide spammers with any possibility of extra revenue,=20
> > and may hurt
> > > > them in the long run because those people if still receiving the
> > > > spam, will report the spammers. Of course, the other=20
> > reason could be
> > > > that its all a ploy or a verify operation.
> > > >
> > > > In any case, we need more data on this and preferably a
> > large-scale
> > > study.
> > > >
> > > > Yakov
> > > >
> > > >
> > > >=20
> > --------------------------------------------------------------------
> > > > ----
> > > ---------------------------
> > > >
> > > > Yakov Shafranovich / <research@solidmatrix.com> SolidMatrix=20
> > > > Research, a division of SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc.
> > > >=20
> > --------------------------------------------------------------------
> > > > ----
> > > ---------------------------
> > > >
> > > > "One who watches the wind will never sow, and one who
> > keeps his eyes
> > > > on the clouds will never reap" (Ecclesiastes 11:4)
> > > >=20
> > --------------------------------------------------------------------
> > > > ----
> > > ---------------------------
> > > >
> > > >
> > > > _______________________________________________
> > > > Asrg mailing list
> > > > Asrg@ietf.org
> > > > https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg
> > > >
> > > >
> > >=20
> > >=20
> > > _______________________________________________
> > > Asrg mailing list
> > > Asrg@ietf.org
> > > https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg
> >=20
> > _______________________________________________
> > Asrg mailing list
> > Asrg@ietf.org
> > https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg
> >=20
>=20
>=20
>=20



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Thread-Topic: 2. the analysis and characterization work: great article on following the spam money
Thread-Index: AcNeum5ueOhMYWL9TEy8Nr4rccd1Rg==
From: "Peter Kay" <peter@titankey.com>
To: <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: [Asrg] 2. the analysis and characterization work: great article on following the spam money
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Date: Sat, 9 Aug 2003 11:08:50 -1000

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=20
http://www.msnbc.com/news/940490.asp
=20
probably the best article I've read to-date that tells lays out the spam
business model. in short: it starts with a spammer who then sells a lead
to N layers of resellers and finally the lead lands, guess where: big
companies that we all know, who in and of themselves probably don't know
they are supporting spamming.
=20
excellent writeup. don't miss it.

=20

Paul:  I think it would be valuable in the understanding phase,
possiblly section 2, to have a section linking to various articles that
talk about the economics of spam. Ultimately this is the root cause of
the entire spam problem and I don't think an R&D effort will be complete
without this rudimentary information.=20

=20

Peter Kay, President
Web: www.titankey.com
<file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/Administrator/Application%20Data/
Microsoft/Signatures/www.titankey.com>=20
>> The only technology that stops spam BEFORE it's even sent

=20

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<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN">
<HTML><HEAD><TITLE>Message</TITLE>
<META http-equiv=3DContent-Type content=3D"text/html; =
charset=3Dus-ascii">
<META content=3D"MSHTML 6.00.2800.1170" name=3DGENERATOR></HEAD>
<BODY>
<DIV><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2><A=20
href=3D"http://www.msnbc.com/news/940490.asp">http://www.msnbc.com/news/9=
40490.asp</A></FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=3D528290221-09082003><FONT face=3DArial =
size=3D2>probably the best=20
article I've read to-date that tells lays out the spam business model. =
in short:=20
it starts with a spammer who then sells a lead to N layers of resellers =
and=20
finally the lead lands, guess where: big companies that we all know, who =
in and=20
of themselves probably don't know they are supporting=20
spamming.</FONT></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=3D528290221-09082003><FONT face=3DArial=20
size=3D2></FONT></SPAN>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=3D528290221-09082003><FONT face=3DArial =
size=3D2>excellent writeup.=20
don't miss it.</FONT></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV align=3Dleft>
<P class=3DMsoNormal style=3D"MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; =
mso-layout-grid-align: none"=20
align=3Dleft><FONT face=3DTahoma color=3D#ff0000 size=3D3><FONT =
face=3DArial color=3D#000000=20
size=3D2></FONT></FONT>&nbsp;</P>
<P class=3DMsoNormal style=3D"MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; =
mso-layout-grid-align: none"=20
align=3Dleft><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2><SPAN =
class=3D528290221-09082003>Paul:&nbsp; I=20
think it would be valuable in the understanding phase, possiblly section =
2, to=20
have a section linking to various articles that talk about the economics =
of=20
spam. Ultimately this is the root cause of the entire spam problem and I =
don't=20
think an R&amp;D effort will be complete without this rudimentary =
information.=20
</SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=3DMsoNormal style=3D"MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; =
mso-layout-grid-align: none"=20
align=3Dleft><FONT face=3DTahoma color=3D#ff0000 size=3D3><FONT =
face=3DArial color=3D#000000=20
size=3D2></FONT>&nbsp;</P></FONT><FONT face=3DTahoma color=3D#ff0000>
<P class=3DMsoNormal style=3D"MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; =
mso-layout-grid-align: none"=20
align=3Dleft><FONT color=3D#000000 size=3D4><STRONG><?xml:namespace =
prefix =3D st1 ns =3D=20
"urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" /><st1:PersonName><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma">Peter=20
Kay</SPAN></st1:PersonName></STRONG></FONT></FONT><FONT face=3DTahoma=20
color=3D#000000 size=3D3><STRONG><st1:PersonName><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 18pt; FONT-FAMILY: =
Tahoma">,</SPAN></st1:PersonName></STRONG></FONT><FONT=20
face=3DTahoma color=3D#ff0000 size=3D3> </FONT><STRONG><FONT =
face=3DTahoma color=3D#808080=20
size=3D2>President</FONT></STRONG><FONT face=3DTahoma color=3D#ff0000 =
size=3D3><FONT=20
face=3D"Times New Roman" color=3D#000000><BR></FONT><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma"><FONT =
color=3D#000000>Web: </FONT><A=20
href=3D"file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/Administrator/Application%2=
0Data/Microsoft/Signatures/www.titankey.com">www.titankey.com</A></SPAN><=
BR><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial Black'; =
mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; =
mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; =
mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">&gt;&gt;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; =
mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; =
mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">=20
</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: =
'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: =
EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT=20
color=3D#000000>The only technology that stops spam BEFORE it's even=20
sent</FONT></SPAN></FONT></P></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV></BODY></HTML>
=00
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From exim@www1.ietf.org  Sat Aug  9 18:45:20 2003
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From: "Terry Sullivan" <terry@pantos.org>
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Subject: RE: [Asrg] RE: 2.a.1 Analysis of Actual Spam Data - Titan Key reduces spam attacks
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Two things:

1) To the extent that my ignorance of mechanics of 
   SMTP may have caused a certain... off-topic drift 
   over the last couple of days, I offer a sincere 
   apology to the list as a whole.

2) I'm still troubled by an anomaly in the notion
   that 550 -> less spam.

   All other things being equal, I'm usually the
   first one on the "We need more data" bandwagon.
   But it seems to me that there is a very large 
   base of information (though not true "data") 
   pertinent to the question and ready-to-hand. 

   As the 'Net user base has grown over the last, 
   say, 5-10 years, I daresay that the number of 
   550s thrown between servers has also grown.  I 
   would hazard a guess that the number of 550s 
   has, at the very least, grown as some (unknown) 
   monotonically-increasing function of the number 
   of users.  

   (In the only case for which I have detailed 
   knowledge, there are at least 10 different email 
   addresses that legitimately throw a 550 for me, 
   because I've changed ISPs, left the company, etc.
   There may be more, but there are at least 10.)

   Now, for all I know, a 10:1 ratio may very well 
   be atypical [high or low].  But the thing that
   keeps buggin' me is this: if there is a robust,
   substantive inverse relationship between 550s 
   and spam volume, how has it managed to elude 
   detection this long, given the sustained growth 
   in 550s?  (Call me cynical, but I sorta doubt 
   that it's the result of great QA on those 
   every-email-address-on-the-planet CDs.)

(Though I might be wrong...)  :-)

- Terry



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Date: Sat, 9 Aug 2003 13:10:29 -1000
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Terry,

I'm so grateful we've got a statistician-like brain (yours) on this
list. However, dare I say that your open-ended question below will
prompt only guesses from the many on this that love a good debate but
are oh-so-slow to step up and get some real work done.

So, I say this: you raise a good question.   Lets research it. But lets
not debate it based on " my years and years of using email".

To all: Who will step forward and assist us w/ this research? We've laid
out the rough sketch before. If you want to help, pls let us know.=20

But if all we're going to do is debate based on guesses, do it on
slashdot and give us the link.

Peter

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Terry Sullivan [mailto:terry@pantos.org]=20
> Sent: Saturday, August 09, 2003 12:44 PM
> To: asrg@ietf.org
> Subject: RE: [Asrg] RE: 2.a.1 Analysis of Actual Spam Data -=20
> Titan Key reduces spam attacks
>=20
>=20
> Two things:
>=20
> 1) To the extent that my ignorance of mechanics of=20
>    SMTP may have caused a certain... off-topic drift=20
>    over the last couple of days, I offer a sincere=20
>    apology to the list as a whole.
>=20
> 2) I'm still troubled by an anomaly in the notion
>    that 550 -> less spam.
>=20
>    All other things being equal, I'm usually the
>    first one on the "We need more data" bandwagon.
>    But it seems to me that there is a very large=20
>    base of information (though not true "data")=20
>    pertinent to the question and ready-to-hand.=20
>=20
>    As the 'Net user base has grown over the last,=20
>    say, 5-10 years, I daresay that the number of=20
>    550s thrown between servers has also grown.  I=20
>    would hazard a guess that the number of 550s=20
>    has, at the very least, grown as some (unknown)=20
>    monotonically-increasing function of the number=20
>    of users. =20
>=20
>    (In the only case for which I have detailed=20
>    knowledge, there are at least 10 different email=20
>    addresses that legitimately throw a 550 for me,=20
>    because I've changed ISPs, left the company, etc.
>    There may be more, but there are at least 10.)
>=20
>    Now, for all I know, a 10:1 ratio may very well=20
>    be atypical [high or low].  But the thing that
>    keeps buggin' me is this: if there is a robust,
>    substantive inverse relationship between 550s=20
>    and spam volume, how has it managed to elude=20
>    detection this long, given the sustained growth=20
>    in 550s?  (Call me cynical, but I sorta doubt=20
>    that it's the result of great QA on those=20
>    every-email-address-on-the-planet CDs.)
>=20
> (Though I might be wrong...)  :-)
>=20
> - Terry
>=20
>=20
>=20
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg
>=20
>=20
>=20



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To: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>
From: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 2.a.1. Spam Measurements - Data - Blank messages
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Date: Sat, 9 Aug 2003 19:33:16 -0400

At 5:52 PM -0400 8/8/03, Yakov Shafranovich wrote:
>Does anyone have an idea what purpose do blank spam messages serve? 
>I receive them once in a while - a sample one is below. Are they 
>sent just to check whether the email address works?

I think it's equally likely that someone just screwed up using the 
software.  I've certainly seen my share of spam where someone failed 
to do the data merge properly and you get all the variable names 
instead of the data.
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.messagefire.com/          Anti-Spam Service for your POP Account
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.

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To: "Peter Kay" <peter@titankey.com>
From: Brad Knowles <brad.knowles@skynet.be>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] RE: 2.a.1 Analysis of Actual Spam Data - Titan
 Key reduces spam attacks
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Date: Sun, 10 Aug 2003 01:37:54 +0200

At 1:10 PM -1000 2003/08/09, Peter Kay wrote:

>  So, I say this: you raise a good question.   Lets research it. But lets
>  not debate it based on " my years and years of using email".

	Hmm.  How would you research something like this?

	Create two e-mail addresses within your domain (e.g., fred@ and 
george@), but one that always results in 550 errors and one that 
accepts the mail (as a honeypot)?  Then wait a year (or three) and 
switch which one bounces and which one accepts?


	Also, I'm a bit confused -- just what exactly would we be 
researching?  Can someone re-formulate this idea into a proposal that 
we can discuss?

-- 
Brad Knowles, <brad.knowles@skynet.be>

"They that can give up essential liberty to obtain a little temporary
safety deserve neither liberty nor safety."
     -Benjamin Franklin, Historical Review of Pennsylvania.

GCS/IT d+(-) s:+(++)>: a C++(+++)$ UMBSHI++++$ P+>++ L+ !E-(---) W+++(--) N+
!w--- O- M++ V PS++(+++) PE- Y+(++) PGP>+++ t+(+++) 5++(+++) X++(+++) R+(+++)
tv+(+++) b+(++++) DI+(++++) D+(++) G+(++++) e++>++++ h--- r---(+++)* z(+++)

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On Sun, 10 Aug 2003 01:37:54 +0200, Brad Knowles wrote:

>  Hmm.  How would you research something like this?
[snip]
> Also, I'm a bit confused--just what exactly would we be 
researching?  

Peter has a system called Titan Key that responds to all incoming 
email (spam or not) from any unknown source with a 550.  He posted a 
message to the list a while back that made what seemed a fairly 
extraordinary claim (as per the subject line, "Titan Key reduces spam 
attacks").

Now, he had a modest sample of data (one account, one server, for 
~100 days), and the consensus I saw on the list seemed to be "we need 
more data."  Several folks have suggested a design along the same 
lines you did (multiple addresses, of equal visibility, etc.).

But my thoughts keep coming back to the sheer amount of statistical 
noise in something as volatile as spam volume.  That level of noise 
will make meaningful analysis extremely difficult.  (My area of 
specialization is statistical language processing, so I routinely 
encounter the frustrations associated with trying to analyze really, 
really noisy data.)  

In statistical terms, all that noise constitutes unexplained (aka 
"within-group") variance.  So, even if an effect exists, it will be 
very difficult to detect.  (Conversely, if the effect doesn't exist, 
the absence of clear results can always be blamed on the noise in the 
data.)  To make matters worse, given the amount of data that would 
have to be collected, a *statistically* significant effect would not 
necessarily be a *substantively* significant effect.  (The p-value 
might be tiny, but R^2 might be just as tiny.)

Now, it's always possible that the effect is so astonishingly large 
that it will somehow be able to shine thru all that noise.  But if it 
were really all *that* big, it strikes me as odd that no one's ever 
noticed it before (at least in any shared forum).  It would simply be 
be a matter of some mail admin at some slowly failing company saying, 
"Wow, have you noticed that, after every new round of layoffs, our 
spam volume plummets, and never bounces back?"  (Sorry, bad pun.)

So the point of my posting was: if the effect's big enough to be 
detected by a practicable amount of effort, then I can't but wonder 
why nobody's ever tripped over it, even accidentally, at some point.  
(Phrased differently: given [any] two variables observed to increase 
monotonically over time, what would it take for the "true 
state-of-nature" to be "huge negative correlation"?) 

It's fairly easy for me to imagine an expenditure of enormous 
quantities of effort, the harvest from which is vast amounts of 
low-quality data... all to no avail, because the "measure" being 
analyzed is so statistically unreliable that inconclusive results are 
just about guaranteed. 

(But hey... that's just me.)

- Terry



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To: Paul Judge <paul.judge@ciphertrust.com>, asrg@ietf.org
From: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] 2.a.1. Spam Measurements - Spam Response
  Effectivness  (was:  2.a.1. Spam Measurements - Data - Unsubscribe)
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Date: Sat, 09 Aug 2003 22:50:49 -0400

I have to agree with Paul that a sound study is needed. My "research" was 
empirical and based on a very small dataset. I am not aware of any large 
scale study ever done regarding this issue where all of the research data 
was open to the public (the out-law.com study is not). I think we need to 
make such study or find someone who can once an appropriate methodology has 
been put together.

Additionally, a few points. First of all, once we actually start collecting 
research data on real spam, we probably should setup a separate area on the 
website for storing it. Second, we need to employ sound scientific methods 
and proper statistical methods similar to a regular scientific study such 
as a drug trial (large enough samples, control mechanisms, etc.). Third, 
all of the source data, interpretations and results must be made public so 
anyone can evaluate the data for themselves.

Keep in mind, that spam does not stay static and changes all the time. We 
must keep in mind the fact that any proposal or method for controlling spam 
must adapt to the changes in spam, and any conclusions drawn from spam 
studies must take the possible changes in spam into account.

Yakov

At 04:12 AM 8/9/2003, Paul Judge wrote:

>While everyone's input is interesting, these data points are not truly
>meaningful.
>A sound measurement study is needed to provide meaningful insight here.
>
>There have been some efforts on that path in the past:
>
>http://www.simplyquick.com/privacy.html#3
>http://www.infoworld.com/article/03/03/21/12ebsecret_1.html
>The FTC did a study on this also, but I can't find the link right now.
>
>My view is that this is directed related to the thread about the analysis of
>the effectiveness spam response techniques. That thread focused on
>responding with SMTP error codes. This thread speaks about responding with a
>unsubscribe request. Peter, can you incorporate this into the analysis plan
>that you are putting together? From there we can determine an appropriate
>methodology for collecting this data.
>
> > -----Original Message-----
> > From: Shaun Bryant [mailto:sbryant@ThePit.org]
> > Sent: Friday, August 08, 2003 8:58 PM
> > To: 'asrg@ietf.org'
> > Subject: RE: [Asrg] 2.a.1. Spam Measurements - Data - Unsubscribe
> >
> >
> > From the tests that I have done with various honey-pot
> > accounts I have seen a great increase in the amount of spam
> > that the account receives when I "unsubscribed". I believe it
> > depends a lot on the type of spam you are using in your test.
> > Was the spam mostly bulk, or was it semi-solicited? Where the
> > e-mails originated from somewhere the account you where
> > testing with gave the address out to that may have "shared"
> > it with other organizations?
> >
> > Shaun
> >
> > > -----Original Message-----
> > > From: C Wegrzyn [mailto:wegrzyn@garbagedump.com]
> > > Sent: Friday, August 08, 2003 3:54 PM
> > > To: Yakov Shafranovich
> > > Cc: asrg@ietf.org
> > > Subject: Re: [Asrg] 2.a.1. Spam Measurements - Data - Unsubscribe
> > >
> > >  From what I've heard about the unsubscribe issue is that once you
> > > "try" to unsubscribe they actually know there is active
> > account. There
> > > is a spammer in Burlington MA that uses this technique to
> > build email
> > > lists. I also understand they will send out "free things" types of
> > > emails to get you to come to the site.
> > >
> > > Chuck Wegrzyn
> > >
> > >
> > > Yakov Shafranovich wrote:
> > > > After trying to do unsubscribe from every spam that I got in a
> > > > poisoned account, I came with some interesting observations. Of
> > > > course there is not enough data to make this
> > statistically correct
> > > > but the empirical observations are interesting.
> > > >
> > > >  From all the spams that were received in this account in
> > the last 2
> > > > days, most seem to come from four specific sources. All these
> > > > sources had unsubscribe pages. When I tried to
> > unsubscribe twice, I
> > > > got a warning that the address has already been removed. I tried
> > > > doing this a day apart, it still worked. You can see for yourself
> > > > at:
> > > >
> > > > http://www.med21sx.com/a.html
> > > >
> > > > What I am getting from this is that these four specific spammers
> > > > maintain "remove" lists. One possible reason for them to
> > do so, is
> > > > that sending spam to people that do not want it anymore, will not
> > > > provide spammers with any possibility of extra revenue,
> > and may hurt
> > > > them in the long run because those people if still receiving the
> > > > spam, will report the spammers. Of course, the other
> > reason could be
> > > > that its all a ploy or a verify operation.
> > > >
> > > > In any case, we need more data on this and preferably a
> > large-scale
> > > study.
> > > >
> > > > Yakov
> > > >
> > > >
> > > >
> > --------------------------------------------------------------------
> > > > ----
> > > ---------------------------
> > > >
> > > > Yakov Shafranovich / <research@solidmatrix.com>
> > > > SolidMatrix Research, a division of SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc.
> > > >
> > --------------------------------------------------------------------
> > > > ----
> > > ---------------------------
> > > >
> > > > "One who watches the wind will never sow, and one who
> > keeps his eyes
> > > > on the clouds will never reap" (Ecclesiastes 11:4)
> > > >
> > --------------------------------------------------------------------
> > > > ----
> > > ---------------------------
> > > >
> > > >
> > > > _______________________________________________
> > > > Asrg mailing list
> > > > Asrg@ietf.org
> > > > https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg
> > > >
> > > >
> > >
> > >
> > > _______________________________________________
> > > Asrg mailing list
> > > Asrg@ietf.org
> > > https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg
> >
> > _______________________________________________
> > Asrg mailing list
> > Asrg@ietf.org
> > https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg
> >
>
>_______________________________________________
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>Asrg@ietf.org
>https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg


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To: "Terry Sullivan" <terry@pantos.org>,
        "Brad Knowles" <brad.knowles@skynet.be>
From: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] RE: 2.a.1 Analysis of Actual Spam Data - Titan Key
  reduces spam attacks
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Date: Sat, 09 Aug 2003 23:00:32 -0400

At 09:50 PM 8/9/2003, Terry Sullivan wrote:
>On Sun, 10 Aug 2003 01:37:54 +0200, Brad Knowles wrote:
>
> >  Hmm.  How would you research something like this?
>[snip]
> > Also, I'm a bit confused--just what exactly would we be
>researching?
>
>Peter has a system called Titan Key that responds to all incoming
>email (spam or not) from any unknown source with a 550.  He posted a
>message to the list a while back that made what seemed a fairly
>extraordinary claim (as per the subject line, "Titan Key reduces spam
>attacks").
>
>Now, he had a modest sample of data (one account, one server, for
>~100 days), and the consensus I saw on the list seemed to be "we need
>more data."  Several folks have suggested a design along the same
>lines you did (multiple addresses, of equal visibility, etc.).

This may also apply to another proposal - Greylisting which rejects emails 
with a 445 response and forces the spammers to redeliver.

>But my thoughts keep coming back to the sheer amount of statistical
>noise in something as volatile as spam volume.  That level of noise
>will make meaningful analysis extremely difficult.  (My area of
>specialization is statistical language processing, so I routinely
>encounter the frustrations associated with trying to analyze really,
>really noisy data.)
>
>In statistical terms, all that noise constitutes unexplained (aka
>"within-group") variance.  So, even if an effect exists, it will be
>very difficult to detect.  (Conversely, if the effect doesn't exist,
>the absence of clear results can always be blamed on the noise in the
>data.)  To make matters worse, given the amount of data that would
>have to be collected, a *statistically* significant effect would not
>necessarily be a *substantively* significant effect.  (The p-value
>might be tiny, but R^2 might be just as tiny.)
>
>Now, it's always possible that the effect is so astonishingly large
>that it will somehow be able to shine thru all that noise.  But if it
>were really all *that* big, it strikes me as odd that no one's ever
>noticed it before (at least in any shared forum).  It would simply be
>be a matter of some mail admin at some slowly failing company saying,
>"Wow, have you noticed that, after every new round of layoffs, our
>spam volume plummets, and never bounces back?"  (Sorry, bad pun.)
>
>So the point of my posting was: if the effect's big enough to be
>detected by a practicable amount of effort, then I can't but wonder
>why nobody's ever tripped over it, even accidentally, at some point.
>(Phrased differently: given [any] two variables observed to increase
>monotonically over time, what would it take for the "true
>state-of-nature" to be "huge negative correlation"?)
>
>It's fairly easy for me to imagine an expenditure of enormous
>quantities of effort, the harvest from which is vast amounts of
>low-quality data... all to no avail, because the "measure" being
>analyzed is so statistically unreliable that inconclusive results are
>just about guaranteed.

I think that before commencing on a spam study or analysis of spam data, we 
would have to discuss the scientific and statistical principles which will 
be used to do the study. This would also apply to any data from third party 
sources such as Brightmail.

Yakov 


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To: Shaun Bryant <sbryant@ThePit.org>, asrg@ietf.org
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Subject: RE: [Asrg] 2.a.1. Spam Measurements - Data - Unsubscribe
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Date: Sat, 09 Aug 2003 22:54:00 -0400

Most of it was bulk email with mainly mortgages and viagra pills offers. 
However, I do not think my data is large enough to qualify for anything, I 
was trying to raise interest in the issue so we can do a large scale study 
on it.

At 08:58 PM 8/8/2003, you wrote:
> >From the tests that I have done with various honey-pot accounts I have seen
>a great increase in the amount of spam that the account receives when I
>"unsubscribed". I believe it depends a lot on the type of spam you are using
>in your test. Was the spam mostly bulk, or was it semi-solicited? Where the
>e-mails originated from somewhere the account you where testing with gave
>the address out to that may have "shared" it with other organizations?
>
>Shaun
>
> > -----Original Message-----
> > From: C Wegrzyn [mailto:wegrzyn@garbagedump.com]
> > Sent: Friday, August 08, 2003 3:54 PM
> > To: Yakov Shafranovich
> > Cc: asrg@ietf.org
> > Subject: Re: [Asrg] 2.a.1. Spam Measurements - Data - Unsubscribe
> >
> >  From what I've heard about the unsubscribe issue is that once you "try"
> > to unsubscribe they actually know there is active account. There is a
> > spammer in Burlington MA that uses this technique to build email lists.
> > I also understand they will send out "free things" types of emails to
> > get you to come to the site.
> >
> > Chuck Wegrzyn
> >
> >
> > Yakov Shafranovich wrote:
> > > After trying to do unsubscribe from every spam that I got in a poisoned
> > > account, I came with some interesting observations. Of course there is
> > > not enough data to make this statistically correct but the empirical
> > > observations are interesting.
> > >
> > >  From all the spams that were received in this account in the last 2
> > > days, most seem to come from four specific sources. All these sources
> > > had unsubscribe pages. When I tried to unsubscribe twice, I got a
> > > warning that the address has already been removed. I tried doing this a
> > > day apart, it still worked. You can see for yourself at:
> > >
> > > http://www.med21sx.com/a.html
> > >
> > > What I am getting from this is that these four specific spammers
> > > maintain "remove" lists. One possible reason for them to do so, is that
> > > sending spam to people that do not want it anymore, will not provide
> > > spammers with any possibility of extra revenue, and may hurt them in the
> > > long run because those people if still receiving the spam, will report
> > > the spammers. Of course, the other reason could be that its all a ploy
> > > or a verify operation.
> > >
> > > In any case, we need more data on this and preferably a large-scale
> > study.
> > >
> > > Yakov
> > >
> > >
> > > ------------------------------------------------------------------------
> > ---------------------------
> > >
> > > Yakov Shafranovich / <research@solidmatrix.com>
> > > SolidMatrix Research, a division of SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc.
> > > ------------------------------------------------------------------------
> > ---------------------------
> > >
> > > "One who watches the wind will never sow, and one who keeps his eyes on
> > > the clouds will never reap" (Ecclesiastes 11:4)
> > > ------------------------------------------------------------------------
> > ---------------------------
> > >
> > >
> > > _______________________________________________
> > > Asrg mailing list
> > > Asrg@ietf.org
> > > https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg
> > >
> > >
> >
> >
> > _______________________________________________
> > Asrg mailing list
> > Asrg@ietf.org
> > https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg
>
>_______________________________________________
>Asrg mailing list
>Asrg@ietf.org
>https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg


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To: ASRG list <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] RE: 2.a.1 Analysis of Actual Spam Data - Titan Key reduces spam attacks
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Date: Sun, 10 Aug 2003 00:07:07 -0400

On Sat, Aug 09, 2003 at 08:50:55PM -0500, Terry Sullivan wrote

> So the point of my posting was: if the effect's big enough to be 
> detected by a practicable amount of effort, then I can't but wonder 
> why nobody's ever tripped over it, even accidentally, at some point.  
> (Phrased differently: given [any] two variables observed to increase 
> monotonically over time, what would it take for the "true 
> state-of-nature" to be "huge negative correlation"?) 

http://www.honet.com/Nadine/ 'The story of "Nadine"' gives food for
thought.

-- 
Walter Dnes <waltdnes@waltdnes.org>
Email users are divided into two classes;
1) Those who have effective spam-blocking
2) Those who wish they did

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To: asrg@ietf.org
From: Scott Nelson <scott@spamwolf.com>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] RE: 2.a.1 Analysis of Actual Spam Data - Titan Key 
  reduces spam attacks
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Date: Sun, 10 Aug 2003 01:30:13 -0700

At 11:00 PM 8/9/03 -0400, Yakov Shafranovich wrote:
>At 09:50 PM 8/9/2003, Terry Sullivan wrote:
>>On Sun, 10 Aug 2003 01:37:54 +0200, Brad Knowles wrote:
>>
>> >  Hmm.  How would you research something like this?
>>[snip]
>> > Also, I'm a bit confused--just what exactly would we be
>>researching?
>>
>>Peter has a system called Titan Key that responds to all incoming
>>email (spam or not) from any unknown source with a 550.  He posted a
>>message to the list a while back that made what seemed a fairly
>>extraordinary claim (as per the subject line, "Titan Key reduces spam
>>attacks").
>>
>>Now, he had a modest sample of data (one account, one server, for
>>~100 days), and the consensus I saw on the list seemed to be "we need
>>more data."  Several folks have suggested a design along the same
>>lines you did (multiple addresses, of equal visibility, etc.).
>
>This may also apply to another proposal - Greylisting which rejects emails 
>with a 445 response and forces the spammers to redeliver.
>

(quibble: greylisting uses a 451 response, not 445.)

Right now, I'm conducting a study of greylisting to try and determine
(or at least gather /some/ evidence of) it's effect on the volume of spam.

The approach I'm using is this;
I have a number of spam trap addresses, which I split into four groups;
spam0, spam1, spam2, and spam3 
In the first two weeks, spam0 and spam1 accept all email,
and spam2 and spam3 use greylisting.
After two weeks, I switched spam0 and spam2 to accept all email,
while spam1 and spam3 use greylisting.
(The experiment is still under way, I expect to publish final 
 results in a week or two.)

I'm hoping that comparisons will allow me to overcome most of
the "noise" inherent in the data.  I expect that spam0 and spam3
will receive close to the same relative percentage of spam,
and that can be used to refine the difference in the before
and after periods.  Of course, I could be dead wrong, but we'll see.

If it works, a similar procedure could be done for 550 blocking -
4 groups, one never blocks, one always blocks, and the other
two switch between blocking and non-blocking.
However, I think the time would need to be longer.
(though perhaps several experiments could be done concurrently 
 each with successively longer time periods)


>>But my thoughts keep coming back to the sheer amount of statistical
>>noise in something as volatile as spam volume.  That level of noise
>>will make meaningful analysis extremely difficult.  (My area of
>>specialization is statistical language processing, so I routinely
>>encounter the frustrations associated with trying to analyze really,
>>really noisy data.)
>>

No offense, but how do you know there's a large amount of noise
in the data until after you attempt to measure it?
I mean, sure we all /expect/ there will be a lot of noise,
but has anybody actually tried to measure how much noise there is?

>>In statistical terms, all that noise constitutes unexplained (aka
>>"within-group") variance.  So, even if an effect exists, it will be
>>very difficult to detect.  (Conversely, if the effect doesn't exist,
>>the absence of clear results can always be blamed on the noise in the
>>data.)  To make matters worse, given the amount of data that would
>>have to be collected, a *statistically* significant effect would not
>>necessarily be a *substantively* significant effect.  (The p-value
>>might be tiny, but R^2 might be just as tiny.)
>>
>>Now, it's always possible that the effect is so astonishingly large
>>that it will somehow be able to shine thru all that noise.  But if it
>>were really all *that* big, it strikes me as odd that no one's ever
>>noticed it before (at least in any shared forum).  It would simply be
>>be a matter of some mail admin at some slowly failing company saying,
>>"Wow, have you noticed that, after every new round of layoffs, our
>>spam volume plummets, and never bounces back?"  (Sorry, bad pun.)
>>
>>So the point of my posting was: if the effect's big enough to be
>>detected by a practicable amount of effort, then I can't but wonder
>>why nobody's ever tripped over it, even accidentally, at some point.
>>(Phrased differently: given [any] two variables observed to increase
>>monotonically over time, what would it take for the "true
>>state-of-nature" to be "huge negative correlation"?)
>>


Consider what the effect is you're looking for here.
An address that rejects messages with 550 gets less spam.
To see that, you'd need to compare the spam load on two addresses.
It's not hard for me to imagine that a 40% decrease in spam
volume would go unnoticed until someone looked for it explicitly.
Especially when you consider that it might well be that it's
a 40% decrease only in comparison to what it would have been had
you not done the magic thing (what ever that might be.)
On the other hand, it's also not hard to imagine that people
could be mislead by local variances and claim 40% when the
real number is closer to 10%.


>>It's fairly easy for me to imagine an expenditure of enormous
>>quantities of effort, the harvest from which is vast amounts of
>>low-quality data... all to no avail, because the "measure" being
>>analyzed is so statistically unreliable that inconclusive results are
>>just about guaranteed.
>
>I think that before commencing on a spam study or analysis of spam data, we 
>would have to discuss the scientific and statistical principles which will 
>be used to do the study. This would also apply to any data from third party 
>sources such as Brightmail.
>

I would argue for only one principle - any study should be
described in sufficient detail that someone else can repeat the study.


Scott Nelson <scott@spamwolf.com>

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To: Scott Nelson <scott@spamwolf.com>, asrg@ietf.org
From: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] RE: 2.a.1 Analysis of Actual Spam Data - Titan Key 
  reduces spam attacks
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Date: Sun, 10 Aug 2003 04:48:29 -0400

At 04:30 AM 8/10/2003, Scott Nelson wrote:
>At 11:00 PM 8/9/03 -0400, Yakov Shafranovich wrote:
> >At 09:50 PM 8/9/2003, Terry Sullivan wrote:
> >>On Sun, 10 Aug 2003 01:37:54 +0200, Brad Knowles wrote:
> >>
> >...............
> >This may also apply to another proposal - Greylisting which rejects emails
> >with a 445 response and forces the spammers to redeliver.
> >
>
>(quibble: greylisting uses a 451 response, not 445.)

Sorry, my mistake - I got the error codes wrong. Mea Culpa.

>Right now, I'm conducting a study of greylisting to try and determine
>(or at least gather /some/ evidence of) it's effect on the volume of spam.
>..................

What kind of spam volumes are you working with?

Yakov  


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Date: Sun, 10 Aug 2003 15:24:40 -0300

Hi everybody!
I've been wondering what would happen if every mail server starts to 
blindly accept every mail address as long as it belongs to a valid domain 
served by this server. I think that is commonly known as catch-all or 
blackholes.

As I see it, this would have two effects:
1) a dramatic rise of spam sent to non-existant mail addresses
2) huge numbers of non-existant mail addresses on spammers lists

Wouldnt that render the spam lists worthless in a rather short time? Nobody 
would be able to distinguish real from wrong mail addresses anymore. 
Directory Harvest attacks would have a 100% success rate but depending on 
the program a almost 0% rate of useful results.

I am aware of the impact this might have on mail servers. But how long 
would it take for spammers change their tactics?

cheers
Andreas


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Subject: [Asrg] 6. Proposals - Filters that Fight Back
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Date: Sun, 10 Aug 2003 15:57:21 -0400

Paul Graham (www.paulgraham.com) has recently posted another anti-spam 
proposal on his website. See:

http://www.paulgraham.com/ffb.html

This has also been posted on SlashDot:

http://slashdot.org/articles/03/08/10/1619206.shtml

The basic thrust is that filters would follow every URL in the spammer's 
emails thus creating a DDOS attack and shutting down the spammer's servers. 
SlashDot readers have raised several objections:

1. Possibility of URLs actually verifing the email address.
2. Possibilities of a wrong site being targeted on purpose or by mistake.
3. "There is no internet equivalent of lawful self defence"
4. Possibility of large portions of the Internet slowing down. 


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To: Andreas Saurwein <saurwein@uniwares.com>, asrg@ietf.org
From: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>
Subject: 6. Proposals - Catch-all (was Re: [Asrg] What if...)
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Date: Sun, 10 Aug 2003 16:03:58 -0400

At 02:24 PM 8/10/2003, Andreas Saurwein wrote:
>Hi everybody!
>I've been wondering what would happen if every mail server starts to 
>blindly accept every mail address as long as it belongs to a valid domain 
>served by this server. I think that is commonly known as catch-all or 
>blackholes.
>
>As I see it, this would have two effects:
>1) a dramatic rise of spam sent to non-existant mail addresses
>2) huge numbers of non-existant mail addresses on spammers lists
>
>Wouldnt that render the spam lists worthless in a rather short time? 
>Nobody would be able to distinguish real from wrong mail addresses 
>anymore. Directory Harvest attacks would have a 100% success rate but 
>depending on the program a almost 0% rate of useful results.
>
>I am aware of the impact this might have on mail servers. But how long 
>would it take for spammers change their tactics?

Assuming that a lot of spammers use someone else's computers to do the 
spamming it will not do much aside from reducing the overall spamming 
response rate but not increasing the spammer's costs since they do not 
spend money on sending the emails. Instead, it will increase the mail 
volume on the Internet thousand-fold and will make things much more 
complicated on the Internet since no one will every know whether an email 
address is valid or not. People will continue to send emails to old 
addresses thinking they are valid. Dictionary attacks are the only thing 
that this method will get rid of. At a specific point the response rate 
will fall so low that spammers will no longer have the incentive to spam. 
However, the Internet email system will probably be disrupted long before that.

The question is when will spammers stop due to the lowering response rate.. 
My suggestion would be to a setup a bunch of honeypots and see what happens.

Yakov


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Date: Sun, 10 Aug 2003 22:08:00 +0200
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Andreas Saurwein wrote:
> Hi everybody!
> I've been wondering what would happen if every mail server starts to 
> blindly accept every mail address as long as it belongs to a valid 
> domain served by this server. I think that is commonly known as 
> catch-all or blackholes.
> 
> As I see it, this would have two effects:
> 1) a dramatic rise of spam sent to non-existant mail addresses
> 2) huge numbers of non-existant mail addresses on spammers lists
> 
> Wouldnt that render the spam lists worthless in a rather short time? 
> Nobody would be able to distinguish real from wrong mail addresses 
> anymore. Directory Harvest attacks would have a 100% success rate but 
> depending on the program a almost 0% rate of useful results.
> 
> I am aware of the impact this might have on mail servers. But how long 
> would it take for spammers change their tactics?

My guess is, it would take very long. It wouldn't really hurt the 
spammers. The spammers don't care that the recipients do not exist. They 
already send a lot of mail to non-existing addresses. If it gets 
bounced, who cares? Well the ISP or users whose domains or addresses are 
abused as the sender address probably do.

What would happen is that a lot of messages are simply accepted in stead 
of bounced. It gives an opportunity to feed DCC and razor networks and 
statistical filters. That's all.

Menno

-- 
Menno Pieters - Stelvio
Postbus 215, 3740 AE Baarn
phone: +31-35-5.429.324 / fax: +31-35-5.429.327
XOIP: +31-84-8.720.349 / Web: http://www.stelvio.nl/


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  article on following the spam money
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Date: Sun, 10 Aug 2003 16:08:59 -0400

Two interesting points that are raised by this article. First of all, the 
companies benefiting from spam are large US companies that are liable to 
legal measures. Second, the article has mentioned an importance of having 
an audit trail for each lead. Within the consent framework if the language 
for consent is standardized and the associated protocols are standards too, 
it would be very easy to write a program for any of these large companies 
to request the audit trail of a specific lead in the consent language 
format, and then analyze it by a computer. As of now, these companies have 
to analyze audit trails by hand and no one wants to spend extra money doing 
so unless compelled by law. If a computerized way to do so is available, 
then it would make things much easier.

Yakov

At 05:08 PM 8/9/2003, Peter Kay wrote:
>
><http://www.msnbc.com/news/940490.asp>http://www.msnbc.com/news/940490.asp
>
>probably the best article I've read to-date that tells lays out the spam 
>business model. in short: it starts with a spammer who then sells a lead 
>to N layers of resellers and finally the lead lands, guess where: big 
>companies that we all know, who in and of themselves probably don't know 
>they are supporting spamming.
>
>excellent writeup. don't miss it.
>
>Paul:  I think it would be valuable in the understanding phase, possiblly 
>section 2, to have a section linking to various articles that talk about 
>the economics of spam. Ultimately this is the root cause of the entire 
>spam problem and I don't think an R&D effort will be complete without this 
>rudimentary information.
>
>Peter Kay, President
>Web: 
><file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/Administrator/Application%20Data/Microsoft/Signatures/www.titankey.com>www.titankey.com
> >> The only technology that stops spam BEFORE it's even sent
>


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Date: Sun, 10 Aug 2003 17:59:46 -0400

Here is a Register article describing a site being blacklisted by SPEWS.org 
and how they are dealing with it:

http://www.theregister.co.uk/content/6/32231.html

Also see this Politech Bot post:

http://www.politechbot.com/p-05013.html

The site in question was blacklisted for using an ISP that has been known 
for hosting spammers in the past. SPEWS.org does not provide contact 
information nor are their operations audited by anyone.

The problem with SPEWS.org specifically and other similar initiatives, is 
that they do not provide contact information and there is no way to gauge 
whether their internal operations are run properly. This is a problem with 
all anti-spam tools and is something that should be addressed in the BCP 
area. Additionally, mail administrators should be cautious when selecting 
or relying on a specific tool (this also goes into BCPs). Within the 
consent framework, these are SOURCE TRACKING COMPONENTs which should be 
selected carefully.

Yakov


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To: asrg@ietf.org
From: Scott Nelson <scott@spamwolf.com>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] RE: 2.a.1 Analysis of Actual Spam Data - Titan Key 
   reduces spam attacks
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Date: Sun, 10 Aug 2003 23:53:14 -0700

At 04:48 AM 8/10/03 -0400, Yakov Shafranovich wrote:
>At 04:30 AM 8/10/2003, Scott Nelson wrote:
>>At 11:00 PM 8/9/03 -0400, Yakov Shafranovich wrote:
>> >At 09:50 PM 8/9/2003, Terry Sullivan wrote:
>> >>On Sun, 10 Aug 2003 01:37:54 +0200, Brad Knowles wrote:
>> >>
>> >...............
>> >This may also apply to another proposal - Greylisting which rejects emails
>> >with a 445 response and forces the spammers to redeliver.
>> >
>>
>>(quibble: greylisting uses a 451 response, not 445.)
>
>Sorry, my mistake - I got the error codes wrong. Mea Culpa.
>
>>Right now, I'm conducting a study of greylisting to try and determine
>>(or at least gather /some/ evidence of) it's effect on the volume of spam.
>>..................
>
>What kind of spam volumes are you working with?
>

In the data set that I'll be posting shortly a few thousand,
though it depends on how you count.

In the first two weeks, group 3 (50 addresses) accepted 120 spams,
out of 1900 RCPT TO attempts.



Scott Nelson <scott@spamwolf.com>

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Date: Mon, 11 Aug 2003 08:30:00 -0400

So don't use their list. All of the block lists have problems. Some worse
than others. 
If Spews did give any contact information, they would be out of business in
a week as people try to take them to court for any number of things just to
make them spend all their money and time. 
The Register Article did not present any balance in the information nor did
it show that the ISP in question is a problem for everyone. 
Spews is working the only way it can right now. Again, if it doesn't work
for you, don't use it.



       Be like water my friend ...
Alan G. Monaghan
   MCSE+I - Win4.0; MCSE - Win2k
    BJCP # C0389  (Recognized)
Gardner Publications, Inc.
Internet Administrator 

?  Phone	1-513-527-8867 
?  Fax		1-513-527-8801 
?  Cell		1-513-378-0919  
? E-mail	AlanM@Gardnerweb.com
? URL		http://Bullwinkle.GardnerWeb.Com/
 


 -----Original Message-----
From: 	Yakov Shafranovich [mailto:research@solidmatrix.com] 
Sent:	Sunday, August 10, 2003 6:00 PM
To:	asrg@ietf.org
Subject:	[Asrg] 7. Best Practices - DNSBLs - Article

Here is a Register article describing a site being blacklisted by SPEWS.org 
and how they are dealing with it:

http://www.theregister.co.uk/content/6/32231.html

Also see this Politech Bot post:

http://www.politechbot.com/p-05013.html

The site in question was blacklisted for using an ISP that has been known 
for hosting spammers in the past. SPEWS.org does not provide contact 
information nor are their operations audited by anyone.

The problem with SPEWS.org specifically and other similar initiatives, is 
that they do not provide contact information and there is no way to gauge 
whether their internal operations are run properly. This is a problem with 
all anti-spam tools and is something that should be addressed in the BCP 
area. Additionally, mail administrators should be cautious when selecting 
or relying on a specific tool (this also goes into BCPs). Within the 
consent framework, these are SOURCE TRACKING COMPONENTs which should be 
selected carefully.

Yakov


_______________________________________________
Asrg mailing list
Asrg@ietf.org
https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg

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Date: Mon, 11 Aug 2003 09:23:07 -0700

Apologies if this ends up being a double post.  My original did not seem to 
appear after a few days...

On 8/7/2003, John Kurrle wrote:

 >I got a bunch of bounce messages yesterday with attached spam, which seemed
 >to indicate I was somehow spamming.  At first, I thought someone forged my
 >email address into the the spam's reply to line, as I saw no spam in my
 >"Sent Items" folder, but now I'm not so sure.

Without an example (please provide), its hard to tell exactly what has 
happened in your case, but...

Something like this happened to me earlier this year.  A spammer was using 
random "From" addresses belonging to my domain.  To make things look even 
'more' real, the "From" addresses had random human names.  Thus, when spam 
was sent to invalid e-mail addresses, I got the bounce messages (primarily 
from AOL).

So a few possibilities:

1.  Simply a forged "From" address.
2.  A "bounce spam" attack where the "From" contains the _intended_ 
recipient, and the "To" contains a known invalid address.  Thus, the 
innocent 3rd party becomes the delivery agent.
3.  Virally delivered spam (instead of a DDOS zombie, we've a spam sending 
zombie).
4.  Spyware driven spam.  Could be functionally same as (3) or only deliver 
to "infected" computer.

3 and 4 could be caught in action by a firewall or sniffer.  For 1 and 2 
all you can do is trace the message if you're lucky, or go after the 
companies in the spam.  Contacting their ISP/upstream provider (depending 
if its from a spam friendly ISP), or having their domain revoked can work 
at least temporarily.

I think if enough users demand it, anti-virus companies will add spyware 
detection.  If a major company does so, the rest will follow.

-Greg 


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To: Alan Monaghan <AlanM@Gardnerweb.com>, asrg@ietf.org
From: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] 7. Best Practices - DNSBLs - Article
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Date: Mon, 11 Aug 2003 15:14:14 -0400

This is something that should be reflected in the BCPs for mail 
administrators - investigate the blacklist before you use it.

At 08:30 AM 8/11/2003, Alan Monaghan wrote:
>So don't use their list. All of the block lists have problems. Some worse
>than others.
>If Spews did give any contact information, they would be out of business in
>a week as people try to take them to court for any number of things just to
>make them spend all their money and time.
>The Register Article did not present any balance in the information nor did
>it show that the ISP in question is a problem for everyone.
>Spews is working the only way it can right now. Again, if it doesn't work
>for you, don't use it.
>
>
>  -----Original Message-----
>From:   Yakov Shafranovich [mailto:research@solidmatrix.com]
>Sent:   Sunday, August 10, 2003 6:00 PM
>To:     asrg@ietf.org
>Subject:        [Asrg] 7. Best Practices - DNSBLs - Article
>
>Here is a Register article describing a site being blacklisted by SPEWS.org
>and how they are dealing with it:
>
>http://www.theregister.co.uk/content/6/32231.html
>
>Also see this Politech Bot post:
>
>http://www.politechbot.com/p-05013.html
>
>The site in question was blacklisted for using an ISP that has been known
>for hosting spammers in the past. SPEWS.org does not provide contact
>information nor are their operations audited by anyone.
>
>The problem with SPEWS.org specifically and other similar initiatives, is
>that they do not provide contact information and there is no way to gauge
>whether their internal operations are run properly. This is a problem with
>all anti-spam tools and is something that should be addressed in the BCP
>area. Additionally, mail administrators should be cautious when selecting
>or relying on a specific tool (this also goes into BCPs). Within the
>consent framework, these are SOURCE TRACKING COMPONENTs which should be
>selected carefully.
>
>Yakov


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From: "Terry Sullivan" <terry@pantos.org>
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Subject: [Asrg] RE: 2.a.1 Analysis of Actual Spam Data - Titan Key reduces spam attacks
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On Sun, 10 Aug 2003 12:00:05 -0400, 
Scott Nelson <scott@spamwolf.com> wrote:

TS>>But my thoughts keep coming back to the sheer amount 
TS>>of statistical noise in something as volatile as spam 
TS>>volume.  That level of noisewill make meaningful 
TS>>analysis extremely difficult.

SN>No offense, but how do you know there's a large amount of noise
SN>in the data until after you attempt to measure it?
SN>I mean, sure we all /expect/ there will be a lot of noise,
SN>but has anybody actually tried to measure how much noise there is?

Well, first I used the time-honored (if admittedly crude) method of 
direct inspection; short-term fluctations of 100% and more can be 
spotted just by visually scanninng down a list of frequencies.

A somewhat more rigorous (and conveniently scale-invariant) 
"back-of-the-envelope" measurement of the amount of noise in a 
dataset can be obtained from Fisher's coefficient of variation 
(C.V.).  The C.V. for the two (recent) longitudinal samples I happen 
to have handy (from two totally independent sources) are both right 
about 0.30.  So, 30% of the total variance is pure noise (and thence 
"unavailable" for inferential purposes).

To appreciate the impact of a C.V. of 0.3, remember the "research 
question" here: does _A_ cause a reduction in _B_?  It'd be almost 
exactly equivalent to trying to tell how well (or even IF) your new 
diet is working, when the only scale you have to weigh yourself on 
reads 120 pounds one day and 230 the next, when your "actual" weight 
is about 170.  

All of which may help to explains why I've tried (up 'til now) to 
raise a cautionary flag: to have even the tinest hope of being 
detectable, this is gonna hafta be the "800-pound gorilla" of 
effects.  But having said my piece, I hereby resign as chairman of 
the Committee to Try to Save Other Folks' Time/Effort, and return to 
lurker mode.

- Terry




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Subject: Re: [Asrg] 6. Proposals - Filters that Fight Back
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Yakov Shafranovich wrote:

> The basic thrust is that filters would follow every URL in the spammer's 
> emails thus creating a DDOS attack and shutting down the spammer's 
> servers. SlashDot readers have raised several objections:
> 
> 1. Possibility of URLs actually verifing the email address.

Note as well, many sites track "opens", so they're already more-or-less 
expecting a load of that magnitude.

[I'm about to lean heavily on a mailing list outfit that treats webbug 
tracked "opens" as opt-ins.]

> 2. Possibilities of a wrong site being targeted on purpose or by mistake.

Automated DDOS.


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To: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>
From: Brad Knowles <brad.knowles@skynet.be>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] 7. Best Practices - DNSBLs - Article
Cc: Alan Monaghan <AlanM@Gardnerweb.com>, asrg@ietf.org
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Date: Mon, 11 Aug 2003 22:32:58 +0200

At 3:14 PM -0400 2003/08/11, Yakov Shafranovich wrote:

>  This is something that should be reflected in the BCPs for mail
>  administrators - investigate the blacklist before you use it.

	Indeed, but we need better investigative tools.  Tools that can 
give us a more authoritative view on whether or not a particular 
black list actually adheres to the rules they espouse, or if maybe 
they are revenge-based, or whatever.  Tools that tell us if certain 
black lists import data wholesale from other sources, without 
checking that first.

	I'm not proposing any solutions per se, but it would be nice if 
we could have some sort of a rating system that we could apply to 
various aspects of all black lists, and on which trusted members of 
the community could then vote.


	Maybe an Advogato-like solution?  Or perhaps one that is more 
broad-community based and less small-trusted-group based, such as the 
Amazon or imdb.com rating systems?

-- 
Brad Knowles, <brad.knowles@skynet.be>

"They that can give up essential liberty to obtain a little temporary
safety deserve neither liberty nor safety."
     -Benjamin Franklin, Historical Review of Pennsylvania.

GCS/IT d+(-) s:+(++)>: a C++(+++)$ UMBSHI++++$ P+>++ L+ !E-(---) W+++(--) N+
!w--- O- M++ V PS++(+++) PE- Y+(++) PGP>+++ t+(+++) 5++(+++) X++(+++) R+(+++)
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Cc: Alan Monaghan <AlanM@Gardnerweb.com>, asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 7. Best Practices - DNSBLs - Article
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Date: Mon, 11 Aug 2003 22:44:08 +0200

On Mon, Aug 11, 2003 at 03:14:14PM -0400, Yakov Shafranovich wrote:
> This is something that should be reflected in the BCPs for mail 
> administrators - investigate the blacklist before you use it.

Don't know if this qualifies for a BCP ...
We use our own DNSBL. We do also use other DNSBLs but the messages are
tagged only. This tagging is used as a decision aid:
  if we get spam and the IP is listed in other DNSBLs as well, we add
  it to your own DNSBL right away.
this saves some work.

(I have no concrete proof for that, maybe others can check some data and
see if they notice something similar)
I have the impression DNSBLs get abused for finding open relays.
Motivation: checking IP  ranges for relay open mailserver or open
   proxies is a time consuming task and you need email addresses to
   receive the relayed messages at.
Strategy: Do port scans for hosts listening on port 25. Make a list of
   all those IP Addresses.
   Now use a tool that abuses 0wned hosts and do distributed sumbissions
   of these IP's to the various DNSBLs for testing.
Result: After some hours/days do DNS lookups and see if the IP got
   blocked. If it is blocked the IP is vulnerable, add it to your list
   of vulnerable host and qickly start abusing it.
Downside: they use a blacklisted IP for spamming. However from my
   personal observation most DNSBLs are used for informational purposes
   and not for hard blocks, so the amount of spam they get through is
   large enough and pays off the gain of having others do the dirty work
   (with a white hat on).

I had this idea, when I installed a new machine in an old IP block on a
IP that hasn't been in use for at least 6 years. After a few minutes I
saw the first port scan on port 25 and about an hour later there was a
second one. Only 4-5 hours later the host was scanned by three DNSBLs.
IIRC the first scan was from a ATT dialin and the second one was from a
RoadRunner IP.

	\Maex

-- 
SpaceNet AG            | Joseph-Dollinger-Bogen 14 | Fon: +49 (89) 32356-0
Research & Development |       D-80807 Muenchen    | Fax: +49 (89) 32356-299
"The security, stability and reliability of a computer system is reciprocally
 proportional to the amount of vacuity between the ears of the admin"

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To: Markus Stumpf <maex-lists-spam-ietf-asrg@Space.Net>
From: Brad Knowles <brad.knowles@skynet.be>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 7. Best Practices - DNSBLs - Article
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Date: Tue, 12 Aug 2003 00:32:08 +0200

At 10:44 PM +0200 2003/08/11, Markus Stumpf wrote:

>  Don't know if this qualifies for a BCP ...
>  We use our own DNSBL. We do also use other DNSBLs but the messages are
>  tagged only. This tagging is used as a decision aid:
>    if we get spam and the IP is listed in other DNSBLs as well, we add
>    it to your own DNSBL right away.
>  this saves some work.

	How do you determine if you get a "spam" from a particular IP 
address?  Is this done in any automated way, or just any time a user 
complains?

>  I have the impression DNSBLs get abused for finding open relays.

	Some do.  However, I suspect that it's mostly the ones that are 
oriented towards open relays anyway, and for them would it really be 
"abuse" in that sense?

>  Motivation: checking IP  ranges for relay open mailserver or open
>     proxies is a time consuming task and you need email addresses to
>     receive the relayed messages at.
>  Strategy: Do port scans for hosts listening on port 25. Make a list of
>     all those IP Addresses.
>     Now use a tool that abuses 0wned hosts and do distributed sumbissions
>     of these IP's to the various DNSBLs for testing.

	You mean like <http://www.ordb.org/faq/#test_no_list> or 
<http://dsbl.org/programs>?

>  Result: After some hours/days do DNS lookups and see if the IP got
>     blocked. If it is blocked the IP is vulnerable, add it to your list
>     of vulnerable host and qickly start abusing it.

	Already being done, I'm sure.  I figure there are also a lot of 
people out there who are querying the various black lists with 
relatively random selections of IP address ranges (and using various 
open caching/recursive nameservers), to fill in their list of 
potential servers to abuse.

>  Downside: they use a blacklisted IP for spamming. However from my
>     personal observation most DNSBLs are used for informational purposes
>     and not for hard blocks, so the amount of spam they get through is
>     large enough and pays off the gain of having others do the dirty work
>     (with a white hat on).

	Here's another idea.  Take the list of the sort you mention 
above, then front that with a DNS-based load-balancing program.  When 
a spammer looks up the address to spam through, they get re-directed 
to one of millions of vulnerable machines, then drop that connection 
after sending a small number of messages, and start the process all 
over again.

-- 
Brad Knowles, <brad.knowles@skynet.be>

"They that can give up essential liberty to obtain a little temporary
safety deserve neither liberty nor safety."
     -Benjamin Franklin, Historical Review of Pennsylvania.

GCS/IT d+(-) s:+(++)>: a C++(+++)$ UMBSHI++++$ P+>++ L+ !E-(---) W+++(--) N+
!w--- O- M++ V PS++(+++) PE- Y+(++) PGP>+++ t+(+++) 5++(+++) X++(+++) R+(+++)
tv+(+++) b+(++++) DI+(++++) D+(++) G+(++++) e++>++++ h--- r---(+++)* z(+++)

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To: Brad Knowles <brad.knowles@skynet.be>,
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From: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] 7. Best Practices - DNSBLs - Article
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Date: Mon, 11 Aug 2003 22:11:48 -0400

At 04:32 PM 8/11/2003, Brad Knowles wrote:
>At 3:14 PM -0400 2003/08/11, Yakov Shafranovich wrote:
>
>>  This is something that should be reflected in the BCPs for mail
>>  administrators - investigate the blacklist before you use it.
>
>         Indeed, but we need better investigative tools.  Tools that can 
> give us a more authoritative view on whether or not a particular black 
> list actually adheres to the rules they espouse, or if maybe they are 
> revenge-based, or whatever.  Tools that tell us if certain black lists 
> import data wholesale from other sources, without checking that first.
>
>         I'm not proposing any solutions per se, but it would be nice if 
> we could have some sort of a rating system that we could apply to various 
> aspects of all black lists, and on which trusted members of the community 
> could then vote.
>
>         Maybe an Advogato-like solution?  Or perhaps one that is more 
> broad-community based and less small-trusted-group based, such as the 
> Amazon or imdb.com rating systems?

Any kind of auditing or control over the inner procedures of a black list 
would improve the situation. A rating system would not be sufficient since 
it has potential for abuse. We would need someone to audit the blacklists, 
something like the Truste seal program for privacy. Or perhaps just a 
reliable auditor like a major accounting or security company, maybe even 
ISO 9002 (although with Enron and Arthur Andersen story that might not be 
reliable enough).

All we need is that a third impartial party has examined the procedures of 
the blacklist. Unfortunatly that is not being done today.

Yakov  


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Subject: RE: [Asrg] 7. Best Practices - DNSBLs - Article
From: david nicol <whatever@davidnicol.com>
To: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>
Cc: Brad Knowles <brad.knowles@skynet.be>,
        Alan Monaghan <AlanM@Gardnerweb.com>, asrg@ietf.org
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On Mon, 2003-08-11 at 21:11, Yakov Shafranovich wrote:
> All we need is that a third impartial party has examined the procedures of 
> the blacklist. Unfortunatly that is not being done today.
> 
> Yakov  


this committee could produce a guidelines document concerning
what is expected from a blacklist, and a copyrighted service mark
that can be displayed.  That's really all TrustE (is? was?) 
was it not?  If the habeus project has really had success in defending
its haiku from abuse, like they claim, that example (and legal
precendent?) could be used to defend the ASRG guideline compliant
blacklist mark.  ... so I'll compose a suitable haiku

        my coffee is cold
        but still warmer than the heart
        of the bulk sender

I hereby license the above haiku for use as a service mark of
the ASRG committee for purposes of marking a blacklisting
service as compliant with a to-be-produced blacklist standards
document

David Nicol

-- 
David Nicol / If at first you don't succeed, use a bigger hammer. 
                                        http://gallaghersmash.com


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Subject: Re: [Asrg] 7. Best Practices - DNSBLs - Article
From: david nicol <whatever@davidnicol.com>
To: Matt Sergeant <msergeant@messagelabs.com>
Cc: asrg@ietf.org
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No, I am not.  But perhaps some large organization might.  If the
legal defenses on copyright infringement _work_ then the game turns
into finding your customer noncompliant so you can sue them and
fund your continuing activity.  Not a pretty vision, but self-funding.

On Tue, 2003-08-12 at 04:56, Matt Sergeant wrote:
> On Tuesday, Aug 12, 2003, at 09:20 Europe/London, david nicol wrote:
> 
> > I hereby license the above haiku for use as a service mark of
> > the ASRG committee for purposes of marking a blacklisting
> > service as compliant with a to-be-produced blacklist standards
> > document
> 
> Are you willing to invest in defending that copyright though? That's 
> the point of Habeas.
> 
> Matt.
-- 
David Nicol / If at first you don't succeed, use a bigger hammer. 
                                        http://gallaghersmash.com


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From: "Christopher Bird" <seabird@msn.com>
To: <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] 7. Best Practices - DNSBLs - Article
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It is so very kind of Habeas to identify so precisely the mail that I
don't wish to see. The information that they put in their headers almost
guarantee that as a busy person, I can safely (and automatically) ignore
their authenticated messages.

I am speaking as an individual here - in other words as the person who
has the final say in what shows up in front of my eyes, I can (and do)
now identify whole classes of mail that previously I could not.

Thank you Habeas

Chris

> -----Original Message-----
> From: asrg-admin@ietf.org [mailto:asrg-admin@ietf.org] On 
> Behalf Of david nicol
> Sent: Tuesday, August 12, 2003 5:17 AM
> To: Matt Sergeant
> Cc: asrg@ietf.org
> Subject: Re: [Asrg] 7. Best Practices - DNSBLs - Article
> 
> 
> No, I am not.  But perhaps some large organization might.  If 
> the legal defenses on copyright infringement _work_ then the 
> game turns into finding your customer noncompliant so you can 
> sue them and fund your continuing activity.  Not a pretty 
> vision, but self-funding.
> 
> On Tue, 2003-08-12 at 04:56, Matt Sergeant wrote:
> > On Tuesday, Aug 12, 2003, at 09:20 Europe/London, david nicol wrote:
> > 
> > > I hereby license the above haiku for use as a service mark of the 
> > > ASRG committee for purposes of marking a blacklisting service as 
> > > compliant with a to-be-produced blacklist standards document
> > 
> > Are you willing to invest in defending that copyright though? That's
> > the point of Habeas.
> > 
> > Matt.
> -- 
> David Nicol / If at first you don't succeed, use a bigger hammer. 
>                                         http://gallaghersmash.com
> 
> 
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg
> 



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> From: asrg-admin@ietf.org [mailto:asrg-admin@ietf.org]On Behalf Of Alan
Monaghan
> Subject: RE: [Asrg] 7. Best Practices - DNSBLs - Article

> So don't use their list. All of the block lists have problems. Some worse
than others.
> If Spews did give any contact information, they would be out of business
in
> a week as people try to take them to court for any number of things just
to
> make them spend all their money and time.
> The Register Article did not present any balance in the information nor
did
> it show that the ISP in question is a problem for everyone.
> Spews is working the only way it can right now. Again, if it doesn't work
> for you, don't use it.

I agree, the Register article did show a lack of balance - it gave far too
much leeway to the bunch of irresponsible vigilantes that run Spews.

Other blacklists give contact information, and manage to keep their heads
above water. Of course the approach Spews takes to collateral damage (cause
as much as possible regardless of harm to their innocent victims, the end
justifies the means and screwing innocent parties is as good a means as any)
probably means they might be a bit more open to litigation than other
blacklists are.

I've never been quite 100% sure just how much truth that criticising Spews
often results in getting a large block of your ISP's addresses added to
their list - close, given the people who have told me that is what goes on,
but not quite 100%. Post hoc ergo propter hoc was never a valid argument and
there's always going to be at least one IP address in a /16 block that
someone's complained about sometime somewhere so maybe it's all just
coincidence after all.

Tom


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From: "Christopher Bird" <seabird@msn.com>
To: <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] 7. Best Practices - DNSBLs - Article
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Thanks for the observation Matt.

I think there is something else lurking here which is why I started this
thread.

I have received a bunch of mail with Habeas headers in it. I may have
once subscribed to a list that is authenticated using Habeas, but I have
now received the information that I want so I don't need to get any
more. It is also possible that I never subscribed, but got added through
the chain of "you subscribed to one of our partners" links. So rather
than spend even more time researching whether I really want to be there
or not, it is simpler just to reject the messages - or at least send
them to a "maybe I will get to that later" bucket. As the "end user" I
really don't care whether something is an abuse of Habeas's policy or
not. I care that something came in that I didn't want regardless of
which authority approved it.

Underlying all of this is that ultimately I (as a proxy here for other
users) make my own choices about what will and will not be viewed by me.
My tolerance for false positives is perhaps higher than most. My
tolerance for false negatives is really low, though. Others will have
different tolerances. As analysts and designers, we have decisions to
make about where the filtering and other behaviors should lie. 

Clearly an authentication scheme that is acceptable to my ISP or my
company provides some level of acceptability to me. However, even
beneath that I have my own priorites, pressures and demands - that might
differ considerably from email account to email account.

This was not intended to be a knock against Habeas's model - I think
they serve a valuable purpose as long as the integrity is maintained,
but ultimately it is not my ISP's responsibility to decide what is
filtered or made available to me. It is mine and mine only. The Habeas
markers provide me with another data point.

Solutions, IMHO, must be multi-tiered. The user is king!

Of course this is easy for me to say. I don't run an ISP that is bogged
down by massive amounts of spam. I am not constantly fighting DOS or
other nasty attacks. I don't have to constantly increase storage
capacity and band-width to deal with the flood. I am simply an email
user with several accounts and very good hygeine. 

Chris

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Matt Sergeant [mailto:msergeant@messagelabs.com] 
> Sent: Tuesday, August 12, 2003 9:31 AM
> To: Christopher Bird
> Cc: asrg@ietf.org
> Subject: Re: [Asrg] 7. Best Practices - DNSBLs - Article
> 
> 
> On Tuesday, Aug 12, 2003, at 14:58 Europe/London, Christopher Bird 
> wrote:
> 
> > It is so very kind of Habeas to identify so precisely the 
> mail that I 
> > don't wish to see. The information that they put in their headers 
> > almost guarantee that as a busy person, I can safely (and 
> > automatically) ignore
> > their authenticated messages.
> >
> > I am speaking as an individual here - in other words as the 
> person who 
> > has the final say in what shows up in front of my eyes, I 
> can (and do) 
> > now identify whole classes of mail that previously I could not.
> >
> > Thank you Habeas
> 
> What on earth are you talking about?
> 
> If you're so busy, don't subscribe to those mails!
> 
> If the mails have Habeas headers and you didn't subscribe to receive 
> them then it's a Habeas violation and should be reported. But these 
> violations are (so far) few and far between.
> 
> Dropping all Habeas marked email will result in false positives, and 
> doesn't warrant suggestion on this list.
> 
> Matt.
> 
> 



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Subject: Re: [Asrg] 7. Best Practices - DNSBLs - Article
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References: <6.0.0.12.0.20030811151412.026f21e0@solidmatrix.com> <20030811224408.B28444@Space.Net> <a0600120bbb5dc4b8f237@[10.0.1.2]>
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Date: Tue, 12 Aug 2003 17:53:27 +0200

On Tue, Aug 12, 2003 at 12:32:08AM +0200, Brad Knowles wrote:
> 	How do you determine if you get a "spam" from a particular IP 
> address?  Is this done in any automated way, or just any time a user 
> complains?

It's mainly done on spam email we receive ourselves. It's done
semiautomatic from logfiles catching addresses like
    hostmasteraaun@space.net
    hostmasterakwh@space.net
    hostmasteranki@space.net
    hostmasterbfmn@space.net
    [ ... ]

> >  Strategy: Do port scans for hosts listening on port 25. Make a list of
> >     all those IP Addresses.
> >     Now use a tool that abuses 0wned hosts and do distributed sumbissions
> >     of these IP's to the various DNSBLs for testing.
> 
> 	You mean like <http://www.ordb.org/faq/#test_no_list> or 
> <http://dsbl.org/programs>?

Not exactly. I think most DNSBLs check submissions and if there are
some 100 submissions for the same subnet from the same IP they might
block it. So use a proxy on 0wned hosts and distribute the submissions
over a wider range of hosts.

> 	Here's another idea.  Take the list of the sort you mention 
> above, then front that with a DNS-based load-balancing program.  When 
> a spammer looks up the address to spam through, they get re-directed 
> to one of millions of vulnerable machines, then drop that connection 
> after sending a small number of messages, and start the process all 
> over again.

I have the impression if they start to abuse a host they stick to it
as long as possible, because after they start to abuse the host chances are
high that the server might get fixed and they have to go for a new one.

	\Maex

-- 
SpaceNet AG            | Joseph-Dollinger-Bogen 14 | Fon: +49 (89) 32356-0
Research & Development |       D-80807 Muenchen    | Fax: +49 (89) 32356-299
"The security, stability and reliability of a computer system is reciprocally
 proportional to the amount of vacuity between the ears of the admin"

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From: Jason Steiner <jason@emptyexistence.com>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] 7. Best Practices - DNSBLs - Article
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Date: Tue, 12 Aug 2003 09:48:17 -0700

"Yakov Shafranovich" <research@solidmatrix.com>
> 
> Any kind of auditing or control over the inner procedures of a black
> list would improve the situation. 

I dispute this. Blocklists have reputations, even if that reputation is 
no reputation at all, and anyone who does a minimal amount of 
research can find out what that reputation is. If you don't like a 
blocklist's reputation, don't use it. 

Do we really need an auditing organization to tell us that SPEWS
has no contact information and lists more than just the spammer?
Of course not. So what is the real goal of proposals for auditing 
organizations? 

To make sure that every blocklist follows the same standards, which
just so happen to be the preferred standards of the person making
the proposal! But that defeats the whole purpose of having multiple
blocklists. And it would be far easier to start a new blocklist that 
actually embodied those standards than it would be to start a
organization intended to enforce those standards on other blocklists
that might well disagree with them.

> A rating system would not be sufficient since it has potential for 
> abuse. We would need someone to audit the blacklists, 
> something like the Truste seal program for privacy. Or perhaps 
> just a reliable auditor like a major accounting or security company, 
> maybe even ISO 9002 (although with Enron and Arthur Andersen 
> story that might not be reliable enough).

Exactly. And Truste's reliability isn't all that great either.

> All we need is that a third impartial party has examined the procedures
> of  the blacklist. Unfortunatly that is not being done today.

Where are you going to find a truly impartial third party, and who's
going to make sure that they stay impartial? Where will we find these
angels to rule us?

I submit that any anti-spam proposal that requires some centralized, 
incorruptible, and totally impartial authority is fundamentally unworkable.
They do not exist, and even if they did, a centralized organization would
be too big a target to escape eventual corruption.

jason


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Subject: RE: [Asrg] 7. Best Practices - DNSBLs - Article
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Date: Tue, 12 Aug 2003 15:34:35 -0400

At 11:09 AM 8/12/2003, Tom Thomson wrote:


> > From: asrg-admin@ietf.org [mailto:asrg-admin@ietf.org]On Behalf Of Alan
>Monaghan
> > Subject: RE: [Asrg] 7. Best Practices - DNSBLs - Article
>
> > So don't use their list. All of the block lists have problems. Some worse
>than others.
> > If Spews did give any contact information, they would be out of business
>in
> > a week as people try to take them to court for any number of things just
>to
> > make them spend all their money and time.
> > The Register Article did not present any balance in the information nor
>did
> > it show that the ISP in question is a problem for everyone.
> > Spews is working the only way it can right now. Again, if it doesn't work
> > for you, don't use it.
>
>I agree, the Register article did show a lack of balance - it gave far too
>much leeway to the bunch of irresponsible vigilantes that run Spews.
>
>Other blacklists give contact information, and manage to keep their heads
>above water. Of course the approach Spews takes to collateral damage (cause
>as much as possible regardless of harm to their innocent victims, the end
>justifies the means and screwing innocent parties is as good a means as any)
>probably means they might be a bit more open to litigation than other
>blacklists are.
>
>I've never been quite 100% sure just how much truth that criticising Spews
>often results in getting a large block of your ISP's addresses added to
>their list - close, given the people who have told me that is what goes on,
>but not quite 100%. Post hoc ergo propter hoc was never a valid argument and
>there's always going to be at least one IP address in a /16 block that
>someone's complained about sometime somewhere so maybe it's all just
>coincidence after all.

The problem is that mail administrators manage to evaluate blacklists based 
on their effectiveness not their reputation. This would lead to the 
blacklists which block the most IPs, being the most effective. However, 
there is no evaluation done on whether any innocent email is being blocked 
as well. And leaving people in the dark about internal procedures of 
blacklists is not helping the situation. They do not have to give out 
contact info, just write up some clear guidelines and follow them.

Yakov 


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From: "Steven G. Willis" <sgwillis@deepskytech.com>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] 7. Best Practices - DNSBLs - Article
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On 8/12/03 at 3:34 PM it was written:

>The problem is that mail administrators manage to evaluate blacklists based 
>on their effectiveness not their reputation. This would lead to the 
>blacklists which block the most IPs, being the most effective. However, 
>there is no evaluation done on whether any innocent email is being blocked 
>as well. And leaving people in the dark about internal procedures of 
>blacklists is not helping the situation. They do not have to give out 
>contact info, just write up some clear guidelines and follow them.

We have had implemented a system for 6+ months now wherein we do have direct feedback from users to indicate what level of Spam to Not Spam we see for all of our RBLs.

We have been very slow and progressive in monitoring the results of each RBL that we do attempt to use, including one that we maintain internally.

I can say clearly that there are good RBLs out there. They tend to be those that follow the above recommendations.

For many others, though, we have found that there really are too many exceptions that end up blocking too many sources of what may be considered legitimate email by users.

The key piece of information here though is that we, as the administrators, make no determination of what is considered spam and what is not considered spam. We make certain that no email is directly blocked and is instead made available to user to then indicate to us whether it is spam or not.

For the two most reliable RBLs we have found, the positives for the system out 99.8+% correct, with only a very occasional incidence of blocking what the end user would end up considering to be not spam. This is still in my opinion not good enough, but much better than many others we have tested against (some of the worst were closer to 60% range of spam being blocked compared to the total blocked by the RBL).

I think it is clear that an RBL is not unto itself a solution. It can used as a part of a unified solution. But, unto itself, it does not provide enough of a functionally reliable solution to be worthwhile when standing alone.

Cheers!

================================================================
Steven G. Willis     sgwillis@deepskytech.com       772.794.9494
Deep Sky Technologies, Inc.          http://www.deepskytech.com/
http://www.badchickens.com/         http://www.store-secure.com/
================================================================

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To: Jason Steiner <jason@emptyexistence.com>, research@solidmatrix.com
From: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] 7. Best Practices - DNSBLs - Article
Cc: asrg@ietf.org
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Date: Tue, 12 Aug 2003 15:50:11 -0400

At 12:48 PM 8/12/2003, Jason Steiner wrote:
>"Yakov Shafranovich" <research@solidmatrix.com>
> >
> > Any kind of auditing or control over the inner procedures of a black
> > list would improve the situation.
>
>I dispute this. Blocklists have reputations, even if that reputation is
>no reputation at all, and anyone who does a minimal amount of
>research can find out what that reputation is. If you don't like a
>blocklist's reputation, don't use it.

The problem is that mail administrators are so fed up with spam, they 
choose blacklists based on their effectiveness, not reputation. The more 
IPs a blacklist blocks, the more effective it is but it is hard to do an 
evaluation for an ISP on how much innocent email is being blocked. It would 
be much easier if ISPs would flag messages like SpamAssasin does with input 
from DNSRBLs and then let the users decide. Within the consent framework 
relying on a single source of information is not a good thing. The best 
thing is using multiple sources of information and then letting the consent 
system decide what do with it.

Mail administrators should be aware of the need to investigate blocklists - 
this is something for the BCPs. Also, shedding some light on the inner 
working of a blocklist such as SPEWS.org, by a third party might make it 
easier for mail administrators to evaluate it.

>Do we really need an auditing organization to tell us that SPEWS
>has no contact information and lists more than just the spammer?
>Of course not. So what is the real goal of proposals for auditing
>organizations?
>
>To make sure that every blocklist follows the same standards, which
>just so happen to be the preferred standards of the person making
>the proposal! But that defeats the whole purpose of having multiple
>blocklists. And it would be far easier to start a new blocklist that
>actually embodied those standards than it would be to start a
>organization intended to enforce those standards on other blocklists
>that might well disagree with them.

The purpose of auditing is to make sure that the blocklist procedures 
listed on their website are actually being followed. That's all - all we 
need to know is whether SPEWS.org or some other DNSRBL is actually listing 
and de-listing IPs based on the criteria that is mentioned on their 
website. And if there is no such criteria, then the DNSRBL in question can 
write one based on whatever philosophy they want. Currently many people do 
not trust a closed no-contact DNSRBL to actually follow their own 
procedures, but rather believe that a lot of listing/delisting procedures 
are being done on a whim.

We do not need to make standards for blocklists, however a small BCP might 
be useful with things like a need to state clearly what your 
listing/delisting policy is, etc. Most of the BCPs for DNSRBLs would center 
around the need to state what is actually going on in inside one, not 
actually trying to enforce specific policies. Additionally, support for 
consent systems and associated protocols might be useful as well.

> > A rating system would not be sufficient since it has potential for
> > abuse. We would need someone to audit the blacklists,
> > something like the Truste seal program for privacy. Or perhaps
> > just a reliable auditor like a major accounting or security company,
> > maybe even ISO 9002 (although with Enron and Arthur Andersen
> > story that might not be reliable enough).
>
>Exactly. And Truste's reliability isn't all that great either.

I know, it was just a thought.


> > All we need is that a third impartial party has examined the procedures
> > of  the blacklist. Unfortunatly that is not being done today.
>
>Where are you going to find a truly impartial third party, and who's
>going to make sure that they stay impartial? Where will we find these
>angels to rule us?
>
>I submit that any anti-spam proposal that requires some centralized,
>incorruptible, and totally impartial authority is fundamentally unworkable.
>They do not exist, and even if they did, a centralized organization would
>be too big a target to escape eventual corruption.

I agree with you - I am not seeking a centralized organization with "one 
ring to rule them all". Nor are there impartial third parties. I guess I 
went a bit overboard with this - but my main point is:

If you operate a DNSRBL, then disclose your inner procedures and actually 
follow them.

IF for whatever reasons you do not want to do so, then have someone else 
audit your procedures and let them vouch for you.

Yakov


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To: "Christopher Bird" <seabird@msn.com>, <asrg@ietf.org>
From: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] 7. Best Practices - DNSBLs - Article
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Date: Tue, 12 Aug 2003 15:35:43 -0400

You can also combine input from Habeas and other systems to create a 
scoring system. Within the consent framework, each consent system would 
receive data from multiple sources and evaluate each incoming email based 
on this info.

At 11:45 AM 8/12/2003, Christopher Bird wrote:
>Thanks for the observation Matt.
>
>I think there is something else lurking here which is why I started this
>thread.
>
>I have received a bunch of mail with Habeas headers in it. I may have
>once subscribed to a list that is authenticated using Habeas, but I have
>now received the information that I want so I don't need to get any
>more. It is also possible that I never subscribed, but got added through
>the chain of "you subscribed to one of our partners" links. So rather
>than spend even more time researching whether I really want to be there
>or not, it is simpler just to reject the messages - or at least send
>them to a "maybe I will get to that later" bucket. As the "end user" I
>really don't care whether something is an abuse of Habeas's policy or
>not. I care that something came in that I didn't want regardless of
>which authority approved it.
>
>Underlying all of this is that ultimately I (as a proxy here for other
>users) make my own choices about what will and will not be viewed by me.
>My tolerance for false positives is perhaps higher than most. My
>tolerance for false negatives is really low, though. Others will have
>different tolerances. As analysts and designers, we have decisions to
>make about where the filtering and other behaviors should lie.
>
>Clearly an authentication scheme that is acceptable to my ISP or my
>company provides some level of acceptability to me. However, even
>beneath that I have my own priorites, pressures and demands - that might
>differ considerably from email account to email account.
>
>This was not intended to be a knock against Habeas's model - I think
>they serve a valuable purpose as long as the integrity is maintained,
>but ultimately it is not my ISP's responsibility to decide what is
>filtered or made available to me. It is mine and mine only. The Habeas
>markers provide me with another data point.
>
>Solutions, IMHO, must be multi-tiered. The user is king!
>
>Of course this is easy for me to say. I don't run an ISP that is bogged
>down by massive amounts of spam. I am not constantly fighting DOS or
>other nasty attacks. I don't have to constantly increase storage
>capacity and band-width to deal with the flood. I am simply an email
>user with several accounts and very good hygeine.
>
>Chris
>
> > -----Original Message-----
> > From: Matt Sergeant [mailto:msergeant@messagelabs.com]
> > Sent: Tuesday, August 12, 2003 9:31 AM
> > To: Christopher Bird
> > Cc: asrg@ietf.org
> > Subject: Re: [Asrg] 7. Best Practices - DNSBLs - Article
> >
> >
> > On Tuesday, Aug 12, 2003, at 14:58 Europe/London, Christopher Bird
> > wrote:
> >
> > > It is so very kind of Habeas to identify so precisely the
> > mail that I
> > > don't wish to see. The information that they put in their headers
> > > almost guarantee that as a busy person, I can safely (and
> > > automatically) ignore
> > > their authenticated messages.
> > >
> > > I am speaking as an individual here - in other words as the
> > person who
> > > has the final say in what shows up in front of my eyes, I
> > can (and do)
> > > now identify whole classes of mail that previously I could not.
> > >
> > > Thank you Habeas
> >
> > What on earth are you talking about?
> >
> > If you're so busy, don't subscribe to those mails!
> >
> > If the mails have Habeas headers and you didn't subscribe to receive
> > them then it's a Habeas violation and should be reported. But these
> > violations are (so far) few and far between.
> >
> > Dropping all Habeas marked email will result in false positives, and
> > doesn't warrant suggestion on this list.
> >
> > Matt.
> >
> >
>
>
>
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Brad Knowles wrote:

>     Indeed, but we need better investigative tools.  Tools that can give 
> us a more authoritative view on whether or not a particular black list 
> actually adheres to the rules they espouse, or if maybe they are 
> revenge-based, or whatever.  Tools that tell us if certain black lists 
> import data wholesale from other sources, without checking that first.

Given the variety of ways that DNSBLs are built, there's really no tools 
that can do it.  Nor is it necessary.

A properly built filtering system will tell you right away if something 
is awry.  For example, our filtering system rejects (not bounces) back 
to the sender.  The sender can contact our false positive handling 
process, and we can investigate.

We know _exactly_ how each of the DNSBLs we're using work - their 
effectiveness ratings, FP ratings, because we see and measure all of it.

>     I'm not proposing any solutions per se, but it would be nice if we 
> could have some sort of a rating system that we could apply to various 
> aspects of all black lists, and on which trusted members of the 
> community could then vote.

There are a number of "ratings" services already that can be help with 
the initial choice.  There's no excuse, however, in operating any 
meaningful size filtering system without being able to determine the 
pros and cons on your own.  Caveat emptor.

I should also point out that each site will have its own requirements. 
Forcing some sort of "ratings" system on them will disenfranchise 
someone.  If the site wants to use a blacklist that blocks 200/8, they 
should be able to.

[We have a DNSBL BCP which I should publish soon.]


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Yakov Shafranovich wrote:

> The problem is that mail administrators manage to evaluate blacklists 
> based on their effectiveness not their reputation. This would lead to 
> the blacklists which block the most IPs, being the most effective.
> However, there is no evaluation done on whether any innocent email is 
> being blocked as well.

That's a rather extreme assertion.  And wrong.  We certainly do this 
evaluation.  Continuously.  Otherwise, I wouldn't be able to tell you 
that the CBL blocks 78% of all of our spam, and has a .004% "whitelist 
rate" (meaning: we've had to whitelist .004% of the total CBL blocks 
that there would be).

There are a number of web sites carrying effectiveness/FP comparisons.


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To: "Steven G. Willis" <sgwillis@deepskytech.com>, asrg@ietf.org
From: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] 7. Best Practices - DNSBLs - Article
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Date: Tue, 12 Aug 2003 16:02:19 -0400

At 03:44 PM 8/12/2003, Steven G. Willis wrote:
>On 8/12/03 at 3:34 PM it was written:
>
> >The problem is that mail administrators manage to evaluate blacklists based
> >on their effectiveness not their reputation. This would lead to the
> >blacklists which block the most IPs, being the most effective. However,
> >there is no evaluation done on whether any innocent email is being blocked
> >as well. And leaving people in the dark about internal procedures of
> >blacklists is not helping the situation. They do not have to give out
> >contact info, just write up some clear guidelines and follow them.
>...............
>I think it is clear that an RBL is not unto itself a solution. It can used 
>as a part of a unified solution. But, unto itself, it does not provide 
>enough of a functionally reliable solution to be worthwhile when standing 
>alone.

Within the consent framework, a consent system can use multiple sources of 
information. DNSRBLs are just one type of those sources. 


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From: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 7. Best Practices - DNSBLs - Article
Cc: asrg@ietf.org
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Date: Tue, 12 Aug 2003 16:03:40 -0400

At 04:02 PM 8/12/2003, Chris Lewis wrote:
>Yakov Shafranovich wrote:
>
>>The problem is that mail administrators manage to evaluate blacklists 
>>based on their effectiveness not their reputation. This would lead to the 
>>blacklists which block the most IPs, being the most effective.
>>However, there is no evaluation done on whether any innocent email is 
>>being blocked as well.
>
>That's a rather extreme assertion.  And wrong.  We certainly do this 
>evaluation.  Continuously.  Otherwise, I wouldn't be able to tell you that 
>the CBL blocks 78% of all of our spam, and has a .004% "whitelist rate" 
>(meaning: we've had to whitelist .004% of the total CBL blocks that there 
>would be).
>
>There are a number of web sites carrying effectiveness/FP comparisons.

Mea Culpa. Is there any data out there that can tell us what percentage of 
sites actually do these types of evaluations?

Yakov 


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To: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>
Cc: Jason Steiner <jason@emptyexistence.com>, asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 7. Best Practices - DNSBLs - Article 
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From: jm@jmason.org (Justin Mason)
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Date: Tue, 12 Aug 2003 13:12:17 -0700


Yakov Shafranovich writes:
> We do not need to make standards for blocklists, however a small BCP might 
> be useful with things like a need to state clearly what your 
> listing/delisting policy is, etc. Most of the BCPs for DNSRBLs would center 
> around the need to state what is actually going on in inside one, not 
> actually trying to enforce specific policies. Additionally, support for 
> consent systems and associated protocols might be useful as well.

BTW is there a BCP for measuring spam filter effectiveness -- e.g. stating
that effectiveness should be measured in terms of portable numbers like

  FP% = (false positives as a percentage of nonspam mail)
  FN% = (false negatives as a percentage of spam mail)

?  This would be valuable.

I've found that often, DNSBL effectiveness is stated as "it blocked this
much spam" with no discussion of false positive or negative rates.  Once
the FP% and FN% are measured, the picture becomes a lot clearer ;)

--j.

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To: jm@jmason.org (Justin Mason)
From: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 7. Best Practices - DNSBLs - Article 
Cc: Jason Steiner <jason@emptyexistence.com>, asrg@ietf.org
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Date: Tue, 12 Aug 2003 16:20:56 -0400

At 04:12 PM 8/12/2003, Justin Mason wrote:

>Yakov Shafranovich writes:
> > We do not need to make standards for blocklists, however a small BCP might
> > be useful with things like a need to state clearly what your
> > listing/delisting policy is, etc. Most of the BCPs for DNSRBLs would 
> center
> > around the need to state what is actually going on in inside one, not
> > actually trying to enforce specific policies. Additionally, support for
> > consent systems and associated protocols might be useful as well.
>
>BTW is there a BCP for measuring spam filter effectiveness -- e.g. stating
>that effectiveness should be measured in terms of portable numbers like
>
>   FP% = (false positives as a percentage of nonspam mail)
>   FN% = (false negatives as a percentage of spam mail)
>
>?  This would be valuable.
>
>I've found that often, DNSBL effectiveness is stated as "it blocked this
>much spam" with no discussion of false positive or negative rates.  Once
>the FP% and FN% are measured, the picture becomes a lot clearer ;)

This can be expended to measuring the effectiveness of any anti-spam tool 
(within the consent framework this would apply to source tracking 
components and consent systems themselves).

If you or anyone else is willing to work on this, go right ahead, just let 
the chair know.

Yakov 


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Subject: Re: [Asrg] 7. Best Practices - DNSBLs - Article 
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Date: Tue, 12 Aug 2003 13:41:12 -0700


Yakov Shafranovich writes:
> >I've found that often, DNSBL effectiveness is stated as "it blocked this
> >much spam" with no discussion of false positive or negative rates.  Once
> >the FP% and FN% are measured, the picture becomes a lot clearer ;)
> 
> This can be expended to measuring the effectiveness of any anti-spam tool 
> (within the consent framework this would apply to source tracking 
> components and consent systems themselves).
> 
> If you or anyone else is willing to work on this, go right ahead, just let 
> the chair know.

Ah, time's a problem. ;)  However I'd be happy to help out if anyone is
working on it, at the review/comment/helpful tips stage.

--j.

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From: "Sauer, Damon" <Damon.Sauer@BellSouth.com>
To: "'Yakov Shafranovich'" <research@solidmatrix.com>,
        "'Scott Nelson'" <scott@spamwolf.com>,
        "'asrg@ietf.org'" <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] RE: 2.a.1 Analysis of Actual Spam Data - Titan Key  re
	duces spam attacks
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Date: Tue, 12 Aug 2003 18:40:46 -0400

 Hello All Again,

 I apologize for my absence, I have unfortunately been very understaffed
lately and have been very busy with various projects.
 I have approximately 1/4 - 1/2 billion emails worth of data of varying
specifics and depth.
 Please contact me directly: postmaster@BellSouth.com if you are working on
this aspect and we can work out the specifics.
 Currently I block about 3/4 million messages a day.

Regards,
Damon Sauer



-----Original Message-----
From: Yakov Shafranovich [mailto:research@solidmatrix.com] 
Sent: Sunday, August 10, 2003 4:48 AM
To: Scott Nelson; asrg@ietf.org
Subject: RE: [Asrg] RE: 2.a.1 Analysis of Actual Spam Data - Titan Key
reduces spam attacks


At 04:30 AM 8/10/2003, Scott Nelson wrote:
>At 11:00 PM 8/9/03 -0400, Yakov Shafranovich wrote:
> >At 09:50 PM 8/9/2003, Terry Sullivan wrote:
> >>On Sun, 10 Aug 2003 01:37:54 +0200, Brad Knowles wrote:
> >>
> >...............
> >This may also apply to another proposal - Greylisting which rejects 
> >emails with a 445 response and forces the spammers to redeliver.
> >
>
>(quibble: greylisting uses a 451 response, not 445.)

Sorry, my mistake - I got the error codes wrong. Mea Culpa.

>Right now, I'm conducting a study of greylisting to try and determine 
>(or at least gather /some/ evidence of) it's effect on the volume of 
>spam. ..................

What kind of spam volumes are you working with?

Yakov  


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I'm worried that sharing the intersection of suggestions
with aspects of the system I've been working on is off
topic but here goes.



On Fri, 2003-08-08 at 07:57, Andrew Akehurst wrote:

> There is also the issue of which MTA would be responsible for 
> doing this. For the simple situation where the recipient uses their
> ISP's POP/IMAP servers to receive their mail, it might be relatively
> easy to send consent details to that ISP's server MTA. To try and
> communicate such data into other MTAs closer to the network core
> would be much more difficult due to the sheer volume of data.


I see no advantage in adding a command from a different layer to
SMTP.  Variable envelope return paths work perfectly well for the
purpose Scott Nelson suggested.  Andrew Akehurst suggests that
a receiving MTA could be hacked to refuse selected messages.  This
is similar to a suggestion made on a talk-radio show last week,
the show was on spam, Missouri might be rolling out a law against
return address forging.  A caller suggested adding a "bounce" button
to their MUA in addition to the "delete" button.

The pay2send MTA, which I am and havebeen working on, will use rules
to allow wanted messages in, and block all else.

You can set something up with sendmail milter, too , I think.


-- 
David Nicol / If at first you don't succeed, use a bigger hammer. 
                                        http://gallaghersmash.com


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To: "Chris Lewis" <clewis@nortelnetworks.com>
From: Brad Knowles <brad.knowles@skynet.be>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 7. Best Practices - DNSBLs - Article
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Date: Wed, 13 Aug 2003 01:17:20 +0200

At 3:57 PM -0400 2003/08/12, Chris Lewis wrote:

>  We know _exactly_ how each of the DNSBLs we're using work - their
>  effectiveness ratings, FP ratings, because we see and measure all of it.

	Not true.  You know how the first one in your list is operating, 
at least to the level of rejections that result from it, and then 
complaints that come when when those rejections appear to be 
inaccurate.

	You don't know how the next one would have done, if the first one 
hadn't blocked that message.  You don't know how many false negatives 
made it through.  And of the positives, you don't really know how 
many are true and how many are false.

	You would have to look up each address in all black lists (noting 
both hits and misses, as well as the time of the lookup) before 
making your decision, and you would have to use other means to 
investigate the negatives that make it through the system and re-look 
them up again at various recurring periods in time (to see if they 
were added to the list after the message got through your system).

	Then you would have to track which black lists result in the most 
positive hits with the lowest false negative and false positive 
ratios.


	In other words, you'd have to look up every single address that 
ever contacts your mail server (including ones that may get rejected 
for other reasons before they would normally hit the black list 
checks), in all black lists, re-query on a periodic basis, and track 
all hits and all misses for all IP addresses, ad infinitum.

	I'm pretty sure you don't do that.  I've made an attempt at doing 
that for ntp.org, at least in terms of ordering the black lists that 
we do use.

>  There are a number of "ratings" services already that can be help
>  with the initial choice.

	Really?  Where are they?  I'd like to make use of them....

>  [We have a DNSBL BCP which I should publish soon.]

	I look forward to seeing it.

-- 
Brad Knowles, <brad.knowles@skynet.be>

"They that can give up essential liberty to obtain a little temporary
safety deserve neither liberty nor safety."
     -Benjamin Franklin, Historical Review of Pennsylvania.

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To: "Chris Lewis" <clewis@nortelnetworks.com>
From: Brad Knowles <brad.knowles@skynet.be>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 7. Best Practices - DNSBLs - Article
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Date: Wed, 13 Aug 2003 01:20:22 +0200

At 4:02 PM -0400 2003/08/12, Chris Lewis wrote:

>  There are a number of web sites carrying effectiveness/FP comparisons.

	Do you have any links?  I'd like to see them....

-- 
Brad Knowles, <brad.knowles@skynet.be>

"They that can give up essential liberty to obtain a little temporary
safety deserve neither liberty nor safety."
     -Benjamin Franklin, Historical Review of Pennsylvania.

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To: Jason Steiner <jason@emptyexistence.com>
From: Brad Knowles <brad.knowles@skynet.be>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] 7. Best Practices - DNSBLs - Article
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Date: Wed, 13 Aug 2003 00:32:14 +0200

At 9:48 AM -0700 2003/08/12, Jason Steiner wrote:

>  I dispute this. Blocklists have reputations, even if that reputation is
>  no reputation at all, and anyone who does a minimal amount of
>  research can find out what that reputation is. If you don't like a
>  blocklist's reputation, don't use it.

	That assumes that everyone knows the full reputation of all black 
lists.  This is not a valid assumption.  Even experienced e-mail 
practitioners may not know the reputation of even just the majority 
of the existing black lists.

>  Do we really need an auditing organization to tell us that SPEWS
>  has no contact information and lists more than just the spammer?
>  Of course not. So what is the real goal of proposals for auditing
>  organizations?

	To help the people find out the necessary information more 
easily.  Hell, we were using SPEWS at ntp.org, until I found out that 
they cast their net too wide.  But it took collateral damage for me 
to find that out.

	I shouldn't have to suffer collateral damage or do excessive 
amounts of investigation in order to determine the reputation of 
major black lists.

>  To make sure that every blocklist follows the same standards, which
>  just so happen to be the preferred standards of the person making
>  the proposal! But that defeats the whole purpose of having multiple
>  blocklists. And it would be far easier to start a new blocklist that
>  actually embodied those standards than it would be to start a
>  organization intended to enforce those standards on other blocklists
>  that might well disagree with them.

	No one is talking about enforcement here.  We're talking about an 
independent third party (or parties) that survey the available black 
lists, try to come up with some sort of list-neutral form where they 
can all be compared, and then present that information to the public.

>  Where are you going to find a truly impartial third party, and who's
>  going to make sure that they stay impartial? Where will we find these
>  angels to rule us?

	This is where I was hoping a community-based effort might do us 
some good.  Any one person or group of people might be biased one way 
or the other, but hopefully we could structure the effort as a whole 
so that these biases would tend to balance out.

-- 
Brad Knowles, <brad.knowles@skynet.be>

"They that can give up essential liberty to obtain a little temporary
safety deserve neither liberty nor safety."
     -Benjamin Franklin, Historical Review of Pennsylvania.

GCS/IT d+(-) s:+(++)>: a C++(+++)$ UMBSHI++++$ P+>++ L+ !E-(---) W+++(--) N+
!w--- O- M++ V PS++(+++) PE- Y+(++) PGP>+++ t+(+++) 5++(+++) X++(+++) R+(+++)
tv+(+++) b+(++++) DI+(++++) D+(++) G+(++++) e++>++++ h--- r---(+++)* z(+++)

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To: jm@jmason.org (Justin Mason)
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] 7. Best Practices - DNSBLs - Article 
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Date: Tue, 12 Aug 2003 17:42:43 -0700


We (SpamAssassin) measure FP/FN rates for DNSBLs as part of our rescoring
process.   However the results aren't prettified for the web.  Maybe
sometime soon.

Scroll down on this page:

  http://useast.spamassassin.org/dist/rules/STATISTICS-set1.txt

and take a look at the effectiveness ratings there. e.g.

OVERALL%   SPAM%     HAM%     S/O    RANK   SCORE  NAME
 39.058  56.1503   0.2042    0.996   0.98    1.10  RCVD_IN_DSBL

that means the dsbl.org BL hit 56% of spam, 0.2% of nonspam, which is an
effectiveness rate of 99.6% accuracy.  (RANK and SCORE are irrelevant
for non-users of SpamAssassin.)

in terms of figuring out which
DNSBL is in question, if it's RCVD_IN_FOO, it's generally the DNSBL
called "foo" ;)  Take a look in
http://useast.spamassassin.org/dist/rules/20_dnsbl_tests.cf for more
details.

RAZOR2_CF_RANGE_51_100 means Razor 2, with a "confidence rating" from
teh razor server of between 51 and 100.

We measure these at a point up to 6 months after the mail was received,
so that *may* mean that the BL data is no longer accurate for that mail
(e.g. if a relay is closed.)   But in practice that does not seem to be
a big issue...

What the hell, I'll just paste the ratings here:

OVERALL%   SPAM%     HAM%     S/O    RANK   SCORE  NAME
 495260   343948   151312    0.694   0.00    0.00  (all messages)
 47.918  68.8645   0.3033    0.996   1.00    1.55  RAZOR2_CF_RANGE_51_100
 54.243  77.7344   0.8459    0.989   0.99    0.90  RAZOR2_CHECK
 39.058  56.1503   0.2042    0.996   0.98    1.10  RCVD_IN_DSBL
 31.969  45.9802   0.1209    0.997   0.97    1.10  RCVD_IN_SORBS_HTTP
 27.132  39.0053   0.1441    0.996   0.96    1.10  RCVD_IN_NJABL_PROXY
 23.752  34.1549   0.1057    0.997   0.96    1.10  RCVD_IN_SORBS_MISC
 19.465  28.0124   0.0363    0.999   0.95    1.10  RCVD_IN_OSIRU_PROXY
 15.868  22.8473   0.0040    1.000   0.95    4.30  RCVD_IN_OPM
 12.937  18.6272   0.0026    1.000   0.94    4.30  RCVD_IN_OPM_HTTP
 10.065  14.4926   0.0007    1.000   0.94    4.30  RCVD_IN_OPM_HTTP_POST
  8.070  11.6201   0.0013    1.000   0.93    4.30  RCVD_IN_OPM_SOCKS
  6.901   9.9242   0.0304    0.997   0.92    1.81  DCC_CHECK
  1.104   1.5904   0.0000    1.000   0.92    4.30  RCVD_IN_OPM_WINGATE
  3.903   5.6145   0.0132    0.998   0.92    1.10  RCVD_IN_SORBS_SMTP
  0.029   0.0424   0.0000    1.000   0.92    2.80  RCVD_IN_SORBS_WEB
  0.015   0.0212   0.0000    1.000   0.92    2.80  RCVD_IN_OPM_ROUTER
  0.001   0.0015   0.0000    1.000   0.92    0.00  RCVD_IN_NJABL_MULTI
 12.520  17.9202   0.2439    0.987   0.91    1.27  RCVD_IN_SBL
  1.783   2.5591   0.0192    0.993   0.90    0.53  RCVD_IN_NJABL_DIALUP
  1.022   1.4665   0.0112    0.992   0.90    0.85  RCVD_IN_OSIRU_DIALUP
  0.359   0.0087   1.1546    0.007   0.90   -4.30  RCVD_IN_BSP_TRUSTED
  9.706  13.8724   0.2353    0.983   0.89    0.93  RCVD_IN_OSIRU_SPAMWARE
  0.082   0.0026   0.2630    0.010   0.89   -0.10  RCVD_IN_BSP_OTHER
  9.036  12.9098   0.2320    0.982   0.89    0.64  RCVD_IN_NJABL_SPAM
 41.526  58.5996   2.7169    0.956   0.88    0.10  RCVD_IN_SORBS
  3.435   4.8891   0.1302    0.974   0.85    0.00  RCVD_IN_OSIRU_RELAY
  3.143   4.4719   0.1209    0.974   0.85    2.55  RCVD_IN_DYNABLOCK
 41.161  57.6715   3.6322    0.941   0.84    0.10  RCVD_IN_NJABL
  0.361   0.5108   0.0192    0.964   0.82    2.60  RCVD_IN_SORBS_ZOMBIE
 11.074  15.4265   1.1810    0.929   0.76    0.10  RCVD_IN_RFCI
  3.185   4.4132   0.3945    0.918   0.72    1.31  RCVD_IN_NJABL_RELAY
 38.389  51.8980   7.6802    0.871   0.68    0.00  RCVD_IN_OSIRU
  3.802   5.2075   0.6060    0.896   0.67    0.00  RCVD_IN_SORBS_SPAM
  0.056   0.0718   0.0185    0.795   0.46    1.52  RCVD_IN_SORBS_SOCKS
 11.116  13.7768   5.0683    0.731   0.38    0.00  RCVD_IN_OSIRU_SPAM_SRC
  0.016   0.0180   0.0106    0.630   0.23    0.00  RCVD_IN_NJABL_CGI
  0.000   0.0000   0.0000    0.500   0.11    0.00  RCVD_IN_SORBS_BLOCK

--j.

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To: Brad Knowles <brad.knowles@skynet.be>,
        "Chris Lewis" <clewis@nortelnetworks.com>
From: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 7. Best Practices - DNSBLs - Article
Cc: asrg@ietf.org
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Date: Tue, 12 Aug 2003 20:49:38 -0400

At 07:17 PM 8/12/2003, Brad Knowles wrote:
>At 3:57 PM -0400 2003/08/12, Chris Lewis wrote:
>
>>  We know _exactly_ how each of the DNSBLs we're using work - their
>>  effectiveness ratings, FP ratings, because we see and measure all of it.
>
>         Not true.  You know how the first one in your list is operating, 
> at least to the level of rejections that result from it, and then 
> complaints that come when when those rejections appear to be inaccurate.
>         You don't know how the next one would have done, if the first one 
> hadn't blocked that message.  You don't know how many false negatives 
> made it through.  And of the positives, you don't really know how many 
> are true and how many are false.
>         You would have to look up each address in all black lists (noting 
> both hits and misses, as well as the time of the lookup) before making 
> your decision, and you would have to use other means to investigate the 
> negatives that make it through the system and re-look them up again at 
> various recurring periods in time (to see if they were added to the list 
> after the message got through your system).
>         Then you would have to track which black lists result in the most 
> positive hits with the lowest false negative and false positive ratios.
>         In other words, you'd have to look up every single address that 
> ever contacts your mail server (including ones that may get rejected for 
> other reasons before they would normally hit the black list checks), in 
> all black lists, re-query on a periodic basis, and track all hits and all 
> misses for all IP addresses, ad infinitum.
>         I'm pretty sure you don't do that.  I've made an attempt at doing 
> that for ntp.org, at least in terms of ordering the black lists that we do use.

Chris, can you provide some information on DNSBLs and how your system 
evaluates their effectiveness?


>>  There are a number of "ratings" services already that can be help
>>  with the initial choice.
>
>         Really?  Where are they?  I'd like to make use of them....

Some information in this area would be useful as well.

Yakov 


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To: "Sauer, Damon" <Damon.Sauer@BellSouth.com>,
        "'Scott Nelson'" <scott@spamwolf.com>,
        "'asrg@ietf.org'" <asrg@ietf.org>
From: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] RE: 2.a.1 Analysis of Actual Spam Data - Titan Key 
  re duces spam attacks
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Date: Tue, 12 Aug 2003 21:19:25 -0400

Does anyone present would like to assist in the analysis work? Aside from 
this data graciously being offered, we have access to many other source of 
spam data from Brightmail, Postini, and such. Any help with analyzing it 
would help greatly!


At 06:40 PM 8/12/2003, Sauer, Damon wrote:
>  Hello All Again,
>
>  I apologize for my absence, I have unfortunately been very understaffed
>lately and have been very busy with various projects.
>  I have approximately 1/4 - 1/2 billion emails worth of data of varying
>specifics and depth.
>  Please contact me directly: postmaster@BellSouth.com if you are working on
>this aspect and we can work out the specifics.
>  Currently I block about 3/4 million messages a day.
>
>Regards,
>Damon Sauer
>
>
>-----Original Message-----
>From: Yakov Shafranovich [mailto:research@solidmatrix.com]
>Sent: Sunday, August 10, 2003 4:48 AM
>To: Scott Nelson; asrg@ietf.org
>Subject: RE: [Asrg] RE: 2.a.1 Analysis of Actual Spam Data - Titan Key
>reduces spam attacks
>
>
>At 04:30 AM 8/10/2003, Scott Nelson wrote:
> >At 11:00 PM 8/9/03 -0400, Yakov Shafranovich wrote:
> > >At 09:50 PM 8/9/2003, Terry Sullivan wrote:
> > >>On Sun, 10 Aug 2003 01:37:54 +0200, Brad Knowles wrote:
> > >>
> > >...............
> > >This may also apply to another proposal - Greylisting which rejects
> > >emails with a 445 response and forces the spammers to redeliver.
> > >
> >
> >(quibble: greylisting uses a 451 response, not 445.)
>
>Sorry, my mistake - I got the error codes wrong. Mea Culpa.
>
> >Right now, I'm conducting a study of greylisting to try and determine
> >(or at least gather /some/ evidence of) it's effect on the volume of
> >spam. ..................
>
>What kind of spam volumes are you working with?
>
>Yakov
>
>
>_______________________________________________
>Asrg mailing list
>Asrg@ietf.org
>https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg
>
>
>*****
>"The information transmitted is intended only for the person or entity to
>which it is addressed and may contain confidential, proprietary, and/or
>privileged material.  Any review, retransmission, dissemination or other use
>of, or taking of any action in reliance upon, this information by persons or
>entities other than the intended recipient is prohibited.  If you received
>this in error, please contact the sender and delete the material from all
>computers."
>
>_______________________________________________
>Asrg mailing list
>Asrg@ietf.org
>https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg


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Subject: [Asrg] 0. General - Call for Volunteers
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Date: Tue, 12 Aug 2003 21:14:51 -0400

Dear Group Members,

The group currently has a shortage of volunteers to take care of various 
tasks. A lot of items on the research agenda 
(http://www.irtf.org/asrg/asrg_research_agenda.htm) need people to take 
care of them. If you would like to contribute some of you time please let 
the group know on the list, or email the chair off-list. Any time and help 
you can give would be great.

Yakov

P.S. Any other suggestions for the group would be appreciated, please 
either post them to the list or email the chair off-list. 


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Subject: [Asrg] 2. Spam Measurements - Analysis - Spam Delivery
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Date: Tue, 12 Aug 2003 21:31:02 -0400
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According to Message Labs, Inc. in this recent MSNBC article=20
(http://www.msnbc.com/news/940853.asp) over 70% of all spam is sent via=20
hijacked computers. This supports what Barry Shein has been saying for so=
me=20
time and we need to take this factor into account.

----snip---
"Researchers say hundreds of thousands of vulnerable computers are being=20
used to launch spam campaigns now. In fact, 70 percent of all spam is now=
=20
sent this way, according to anti-spam firm Message Labs Inc. =F9 and perh=
aps=20
6 to 7 billion spam messages are routed through hacked home computers."
----snip---


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To: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>
From: Brad Knowles <brad.knowles@skynet.be>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] 7. Best Practices - DNSBLs - Article
Cc: Brad Knowles <brad.knowles@skynet.be>, asrg@ietf.org
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Date: Wed, 13 Aug 2003 03:30:11 +0200

At 8:47 PM -0400 2003/08/12, Yakov Shafranovich wrote:

>  Would you and anyone else like to participate in researching the
>  possibility of such effort and perhaps some BCPs for mail
>  administrators re: blocklists?

	Sure.  I was thinking about throwing together my own PHP/MySQL 
based solution of this sort regardless, and I'll be glad to 
participate in efforts to try to regularize this.

-- 
Brad Knowles, <brad.knowles@skynet.be>

"They that can give up essential liberty to obtain a little temporary
safety deserve neither liberty nor safety."
     -Benjamin Franklin, Historical Review of Pennsylvania.

GCS/IT d+(-) s:+(++)>: a C++(+++)$ UMBSHI++++$ P+>++ L+ !E-(---) W+++(--) N+
!w--- O- M++ V PS++(+++) PE- Y+(++) PGP>+++ t+(+++) 5++(+++) X++(+++) R+(+++)
tv+(+++) b+(++++) DI+(++++) D+(++) G+(++++) e++>++++ h--- r---(+++)* z(+++)

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To: jm@jmason.org (Justin Mason)
From: Brad Knowles <brad.knowles@skynet.be>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 7. Best Practices - DNSBLs - Article
Cc: jm@jmason.org (Justin Mason),
        Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>,
        Jason Steiner <jason@emptyexistence.com>, asrg@ietf.org
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Date: Wed, 13 Aug 2003 03:53:28 +0200

At 5:42 PM -0700 2003/08/12, Justin Mason wrote:

>  We (SpamAssassin) measure FP/FN rates for DNSBLs as part of our rescoring
>  process.   However the results aren't prettified for the web.  Maybe
>  sometime soon.
>
>  Scroll down on this page:
>
>    http://useast.spamassassin.org/dist/rules/STATISTICS-set1.txt

	Interesting.  Taking this data and sorting it by the accuracy, we get:

  OVERALL%   SPAM%     HAM%     S/O    RANK   SCORE  NAME
  15.868  22.8473   0.0040    1.000   0.95    4.30  RCVD_IN_OPM
  12.937  18.6272   0.0026    1.000   0.94    4.30  RCVD_IN_OPM_HTTP
  10.065  14.4926   0.0007    1.000   0.94    4.30  RCVD_IN_OPM_HTTP_POST
   8.070  11.6201   0.0013    1.000   0.93    4.30  RCVD_IN_OPM_SOCKS
   1.104   1.5904   0.0000    1.000   0.92    4.30  RCVD_IN_OPM_WINGATE
   0.029   0.0424   0.0000    1.000   0.92    2.80  RCVD_IN_SORBS_WEB
   0.015   0.0212   0.0000    1.000   0.92    2.80  RCVD_IN_OPM_ROUTER
   0.001   0.0015   0.0000    1.000   0.92    0.00  RCVD_IN_NJABL_MULTI
  19.465  28.0124   0.0363    0.999   0.95    1.10  RCVD_IN_OSIRU_PROXY
   3.903   5.6145   0.0132    0.998   0.92    1.10  RCVD_IN_SORBS_SMTP
  31.969  45.9802   0.1209    0.997   0.97    1.10  RCVD_IN_SORBS_HTTP
  23.752  34.1549   0.1057    0.997   0.96    1.10  RCVD_IN_SORBS_MISC
  39.058  56.1503   0.2042    0.996   0.98    1.10  RCVD_IN_DSBL
  27.132  39.0053   0.1441    0.996   0.96    1.10  RCVD_IN_NJABL_PROXY
   1.783   2.5591   0.0192    0.993   0.90    0.53  RCVD_IN_NJABL_DIALUP
   1.022   1.4665   0.0112    0.992   0.90    0.85  RCVD_IN_OSIRU_DIALUP
  12.520  17.9202   0.2439    0.987   0.91    1.27  RCVD_IN_SBL
   9.706  13.8724   0.2353    0.983   0.89    0.93  RCVD_IN_OSIRU_SPAMWARE
   9.036  12.9098   0.2320    0.982   0.89    0.64  RCVD_IN_NJABL_SPAM
   3.435   4.8891   0.1302    0.974   0.85    0.00  RCVD_IN_OSIRU_RELAY
   3.143   4.4719   0.1209    0.974   0.85    2.55  RCVD_IN_DYNABLOCK
   0.361   0.5108   0.0192    0.964   0.82    2.60  RCVD_IN_SORBS_ZOMBIE
  41.526  58.5996   2.7169    0.956   0.88    0.10  RCVD_IN_SORBS
  41.161  57.6715   3.6322    0.941   0.84    0.10  RCVD_IN_NJABL
  11.074  15.4265   1.1810    0.929   0.76    0.10  RCVD_IN_RFCI
   3.185   4.4132   0.3945    0.918   0.72    1.31  RCVD_IN_NJABL_RELAY
   3.802   5.2075   0.6060    0.896   0.67    0.00  RCVD_IN_SORBS_SPAM
  38.389  51.8980   7.6802    0.871   0.68    0.00  RCVD_IN_OSIRU
   0.056   0.0718   0.0185    0.795   0.46    1.52  RCVD_IN_SORBS_SOCKS
  11.116  13.7768   5.0683    0.731   0.38    0.00  RCVD_IN_OSIRU_SPAM_SRC
   0.016   0.0180   0.0106    0.630   0.23    0.00  RCVD_IN_NJABL_CGI
   0.000   0.0000   0.0000    0.500   0.11    0.00  RCVD_IN_SORBS_BLOCK
   0.000   0.0000   0.0000    0.500   0.11    0.00  RCVD_IN_MAPS_RSS
   0.000   0.0000   0.0000    0.500   0.11    0.00  RCVD_IN_MAPS_RBL
   0.000   0.0000   0.0000    0.500   0.11    0.00  RCVD_IN_MAPS_NML
   0.000   0.0000   0.0000    0.500   0.11    0.00  RCVD_IN_MAPS_DUL
   0.000   0.0000   0.0000    0.500   0.11    0.00  RCVD_IN_BL_SPAMCOP_NET
   0.082   0.0026   0.2630    0.010   0.89   -0.10  RCVD_IN_BSP_OTHER
   0.359   0.0087   1.1546    0.007   0.90   -4.30  RCVD_IN_BSP_TRUSTED

	And sorting by the "ham" percentage:

  OVERALL%   SPAM%     HAM%     S/O    RANK   SCORE  NAME
   0.000   0.0000   0.0000    0.500   0.11    0.00  RCVD_IN_BL_SPAMCOP_NET
   0.000   0.0000   0.0000    0.500   0.11    0.00  RCVD_IN_MAPS_DUL
   0.000   0.0000   0.0000    0.500   0.11    0.00  RCVD_IN_MAPS_NML
   0.000   0.0000   0.0000    0.500   0.11    0.00  RCVD_IN_MAPS_RBL
   0.000   0.0000   0.0000    0.500   0.11    0.00  RCVD_IN_MAPS_RSS
   0.000   0.0000   0.0000    0.500   0.11    0.00  RCVD_IN_SORBS_BLOCK
   0.001   0.0015   0.0000    1.000   0.92    0.00  RCVD_IN_NJABL_MULTI
   0.015   0.0212   0.0000    1.000   0.92    2.80  RCVD_IN_OPM_ROUTER
   0.029   0.0424   0.0000    1.000   0.92    2.80  RCVD_IN_SORBS_WEB
   1.104   1.5904   0.0000    1.000   0.92    4.30  RCVD_IN_OPM_WINGATE
  10.065  14.4926   0.0007    1.000   0.94    4.30  RCVD_IN_OPM_HTTP_POST
   8.070  11.6201   0.0013    1.000   0.93    4.30  RCVD_IN_OPM_SOCKS
  12.937  18.6272   0.0026    1.000   0.94    4.30  RCVD_IN_OPM_HTTP
  15.868  22.8473   0.0040    1.000   0.95    4.30  RCVD_IN_OPM
   0.016   0.0180   0.0106    0.630   0.23    0.00  RCVD_IN_NJABL_CGI
   1.022   1.4665   0.0112    0.992   0.90    0.85  RCVD_IN_OSIRU_DIALUP
   3.903   5.6145   0.0132    0.998   0.92    1.10  RCVD_IN_SORBS_SMTP
   0.056   0.0718   0.0185    0.795   0.46    1.52  RCVD_IN_SORBS_SOCKS
   0.361   0.5108   0.0192    0.964   0.82    2.60  RCVD_IN_SORBS_ZOMBIE
   1.783   2.5591   0.0192    0.993   0.90    0.53  RCVD_IN_NJABL_DIALUP
  19.465  28.0124   0.0363    0.999   0.95    1.10  RCVD_IN_OSIRU_PROXY
  23.752  34.1549   0.1057    0.997   0.96    1.10  RCVD_IN_SORBS_MISC
   3.143   4.4719   0.1209    0.974   0.85    2.55  RCVD_IN_DYNABLOCK
  31.969  45.9802   0.1209    0.997   0.97    1.10  RCVD_IN_SORBS_HTTP
   3.435   4.8891   0.1302    0.974   0.85    0.00  RCVD_IN_OSIRU_RELAY
  27.132  39.0053   0.1441    0.996   0.96    1.10  RCVD_IN_NJABL_PROXY
  39.058  56.1503   0.2042    0.996   0.98    1.10  RCVD_IN_DSBL
   9.036  12.9098   0.2320    0.982   0.89    0.64  RCVD_IN_NJABL_SPAM
   9.706  13.8724   0.2353    0.983   0.89    0.93  RCVD_IN_OSIRU_SPAMWARE
  12.520  17.9202   0.2439    0.987   0.91    1.27  RCVD_IN_SBL
   0.082   0.0026   0.2630    0.010   0.89   -0.10  RCVD_IN_BSP_OTHER
   3.185   4.4132   0.3945    0.918   0.72    1.31  RCVD_IN_NJABL_RELAY
   3.802   5.2075   0.6060    0.896   0.67    0.00  RCVD_IN_SORBS_SPAM
   0.359   0.0087   1.1546    0.007   0.90   -4.30  RCVD_IN_BSP_TRUSTED
  11.074  15.4265   1.1810    0.929   0.76    0.10  RCVD_IN_RFCI
  41.526  58.5996   2.7169    0.956   0.88    0.10  RCVD_IN_SORBS
  41.161  57.6715   3.6322    0.941   0.84    0.10  RCVD_IN_NJABL
  11.116  13.7768   5.0683    0.731   0.38    0.00  RCVD_IN_OSIRU_SPAM_SRC
  38.389  51.8980   7.6802    0.871   0.68    0.00  RCVD_IN_OSIRU

	And then by score:

  OVERALL%   SPAM%     HAM%     S/O    RANK   SCORE  NAME
  15.868  22.8473   0.0040    1.000   0.95    4.30  RCVD_IN_OPM
  12.937  18.6272   0.0026    1.000   0.94    4.30  RCVD_IN_OPM_HTTP
  10.065  14.4926   0.0007    1.000   0.94    4.30  RCVD_IN_OPM_HTTP_POST
   8.070  11.6201   0.0013    1.000   0.93    4.30  RCVD_IN_OPM_SOCKS
   1.104   1.5904   0.0000    1.000   0.92    4.30  RCVD_IN_OPM_WINGATE
   0.029   0.0424   0.0000    1.000   0.92    2.80  RCVD_IN_SORBS_WEB
   0.015   0.0212   0.0000    1.000   0.92    2.80  RCVD_IN_OPM_ROUTER
   0.361   0.5108   0.0192    0.964   0.82    2.60  RCVD_IN_SORBS_ZOMBIE
   3.143   4.4719   0.1209    0.974   0.85    2.55  RCVD_IN_DYNABLOCK
   0.056   0.0718   0.0185    0.795   0.46    1.52  RCVD_IN_SORBS_SOCKS
   3.185   4.4132   0.3945    0.918   0.72    1.31  RCVD_IN_NJABL_RELAY
  12.520  17.9202   0.2439    0.987   0.91    1.27  RCVD_IN_SBL
  39.058  56.1503   0.2042    0.996   0.98    1.10  RCVD_IN_DSBL
  31.969  45.9802   0.1209    0.997   0.97    1.10  RCVD_IN_SORBS_HTTP
  27.132  39.0053   0.1441    0.996   0.96    1.10  RCVD_IN_NJABL_PROXY
  23.752  34.1549   0.1057    0.997   0.96    1.10  RCVD_IN_SORBS_MISC
  19.465  28.0124   0.0363    0.999   0.95    1.10  RCVD_IN_OSIRU_PROXY
   3.903   5.6145   0.0132    0.998   0.92    1.10  RCVD_IN_SORBS_SMTP
   9.706  13.8724   0.2353    0.983   0.89    0.93  RCVD_IN_OSIRU_SPAMWARE
   1.022   1.4665   0.0112    0.992   0.90    0.85  RCVD_IN_OSIRU_DIALUP
   9.036  12.9098   0.2320    0.982   0.89    0.64  RCVD_IN_NJABL_SPAM
   1.783   2.5591   0.0192    0.993   0.90    0.53  RCVD_IN_NJABL_DIALUP
  41.526  58.5996   2.7169    0.956   0.88    0.10  RCVD_IN_SORBS
  41.161  57.6715   3.6322    0.941   0.84    0.10  RCVD_IN_NJABL
  11.074  15.4265   1.1810    0.929   0.76    0.10  RCVD_IN_RFCI
  38.389  51.8980   7.6802    0.871   0.68    0.00  RCVD_IN_OSIRU
  11.116  13.7768   5.0683    0.731   0.38    0.00  RCVD_IN_OSIRU_SPAM_SRC
   3.802   5.2075   0.6060    0.896   0.67    0.00  RCVD_IN_SORBS_SPAM
   3.435   4.8891   0.1302    0.974   0.85    0.00  RCVD_IN_OSIRU_RELAY
   0.016   0.0180   0.0106    0.630   0.23    0.00  RCVD_IN_NJABL_CGI
   0.001   0.0015   0.0000    1.000   0.92    0.00  RCVD_IN_NJABL_MULTI
   0.000   0.0000   0.0000    0.500   0.11    0.00  RCVD_IN_SORBS_BLOCK
   0.000   0.0000   0.0000    0.500   0.11    0.00  RCVD_IN_MAPS_RSS
   0.000   0.0000   0.0000    0.500   0.11    0.00  RCVD_IN_MAPS_RBL
   0.000   0.0000   0.0000    0.500   0.11    0.00  RCVD_IN_MAPS_NML
   0.000   0.0000   0.0000    0.500   0.11    0.00  RCVD_IN_MAPS_DUL
   0.000   0.0000   0.0000    0.500   0.11    0.00  RCVD_IN_BL_SPAMCOP_NET
   0.082   0.0026   0.2630    0.010   0.89   -0.10  RCVD_IN_BSP_OTHER
   0.359   0.0087   1.1546    0.007   0.90   -4.30  RCVD_IN_BSP_TRUSTED




	I note that several of the black lists have zero hits on both the 
"spam" and "ham" categories.  Is this because you do not have access 
to them on this machine, and therefore cannot measure their 
effectiveness and accuracy?  Of course, the lists with a negative 
score should be white listed.

	What about measures of unique hits?  I.e., a particular IP is 
found only in a single black list?  Is there some other way to 
measure hit coverage?  It would be interesting to know what the 
minimal set of black lists would be to get the maximum coverage....


	Thanks!

-- 
Brad Knowles, <brad.knowles@skynet.be>

"They that can give up essential liberty to obtain a little temporary
safety deserve neither liberty nor safety."
     -Benjamin Franklin, Historical Review of Pennsylvania.

GCS/IT d+(-) s:+(++)>: a C++(+++)$ UMBSHI++++$ P+>++ L+ !E-(---) W+++(--) N+
!w--- O- M++ V PS++(+++) PE- Y+(++) PGP>+++ t+(+++) 5++(+++) X++(+++) R+(+++)
tv+(+++) b+(++++) DI+(++++) D+(++) G+(++++) e++>++++ h--- r---(+++)* z(+++)

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To: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>
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Subject: RE: [Asrg] RE: 2.a.1 Analysis of Actual Spam Data - Titan
 Key    re duces spam attacks
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Date: Wed, 13 Aug 2003 03:55:58 +0200

At 9:19 PM -0400 2003/08/12, Yakov Shafranovich wrote:

>  Does anyone present would like to assist in the analysis work? Aside
>  from this data graciously being offered, we have access to many other
>  source of spam data from Brightmail, Postini, and such. Any help with
>  analyzing it would help greatly!

	Can you give us any guidelines as to how we might be able to help 
analyze this data?

-- 
Brad Knowles, <brad.knowles@skynet.be>

"They that can give up essential liberty to obtain a little temporary
safety deserve neither liberty nor safety."
     -Benjamin Franklin, Historical Review of Pennsylvania.

GCS/IT d+(-) s:+(++)>: a C++(+++)$ UMBSHI++++$ P+>++ L+ !E-(---) W+++(--) N+
!w--- O- M++ V PS++(+++) PE- Y+(++) PGP>+++ t+(+++) 5++(+++) X++(+++) R+(+++)
tv+(+++) b+(++++) DI+(++++) D+(++) G+(++++) e++>++++ h--- r---(+++)* z(+++)

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Cc: jm@jmason.org (Justin Mason),
        Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>,
        Jason Steiner <jason@emptyexistence.com>, asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 7. Best Practices - DNSBLs - Article 
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From: jm@jmason.org (Justin Mason)
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Date: Tue, 12 Aug 2003 19:06:32 -0700


Brad Knowles writes:
> 	I note that several of the black lists have zero hits on both the 
> "spam" and "ham" categories.  Is this because you do not have access 
> to them on this machine, and therefore cannot measure their 
> effectiveness and accuracy?  

No -- they are commercial.  (the bl.spamcop.net test is semi-commercial,
in that donations are requested).  Since these figures are used in the
SpamAssassin rescore run, we can't use commercial tests since most users
would not be able to enable them.

> Of course, the lists with a negative 
> score should be white listed.

Yes, I should have noted that, they are whitelists.  The "Bonded Sender"
list if I recall correctly.

> 	What about measures of unique hits?  I.e., a particular IP is 
> found only in a single black list?  Is there some other way to 
> measure hit coverage?  It would be interesting to know what the 
> minimal set of black lists would be to get the maximum coverage....

It's pretty tricky to figure that out from this table, unfortunately; one
good guideline is, if a score is higher than the accuracy would suggest,
the GA has found it to provide useful "information" (in the Shannon
sense).  If the score has been zeroed, it overlapped too much with other
tests or was massively inaccurate (see RCVD_IN_OSIRU,
RCVD_IN_OSIRU_SPAM_SRC).

We do occasionally run overlap tests, but they're quite heavy tests to
run, since you have to run each rule against every other rule as far as I
can see.

--j.

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Date: Tue, 12 Aug 2003 22:21:19 -0400

[off-list]

At 09:30 PM 8/12/2003, Brad Knowles wrote:
>At 8:47 PM -0400 2003/08/12, Yakov Shafranovich wrote:
>
>>  Would you and anyone else like to participate in researching the
>>  possibility of such effort and perhaps some BCPs for mail
>>  administrators re: blocklists?
>
>         Sure.  I was thinking about throwing together my own PHP/MySQL 
> based solution of this sort regardless, and I'll be glad to participate 
> in efforts to try to regularize this.

There are various people involved in the BCP area that are lurking in the 
group in addition to some DNSRBL operators. I am sure they will speak up or 
message you off-list.

Yakov 


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To: Brad Knowles <brad.knowles@skynet.be>, "Peter Kay" <peter@titankey.com>
From: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] RE: 2.a.1 Analysis of Actual Spam Data - Titan Key 
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Date: Tue, 12 Aug 2003 22:16:46 -0400

At 09:55 PM 8/12/2003, Brad Knowles wrote:
>At 9:19 PM -0400 2003/08/12, Yakov Shafranovich wrote:
>
>>  Does anyone present would like to assist in the analysis work? Aside
>>  from this data graciously being offered, we have access to many other
>>  source of spam data from Brightmail, Postini, and such. Any help with
>>  analyzing it would help greatly!
>
>         Can you give us any guidelines as to how we might be able to help 
> analyze this data?

First of all take a look at the following link which lists various 
characteristics to look out for:

http://www.irtf.org/asrg/spam_characterization.htm

Second, I believe Peter Key has been doing some research in this area as 
well. Third, we need someone to be in charge of the analysis work, 
coordinating various research in that area. Fourth, there is a ton of data 
in the mailing list archive at:

https://www1.ietf.org/mail-archive/working-groups/asrg/current/maillist.html

Summary of discussions at:

http://www.elan.net/~william/asrg/index.htm

You can also use gmane.org to search the list archive:

http://news.gmane.org/gmane.ietf.asrg 


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To: asrg@ietf.org
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] 7. Best Practices - DNSBLs - Article
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Date: Wed, 13 Aug 2003 11:05:18 +0200

At 3:53 AM +0200 2003/08/13, Brad Knowles wrote:

>    0.000   0.0000   0.0000    0.500   0.11    0.00  RCVD_IN_MAPS_RSS
>    0.000   0.0000   0.0000    0.500   0.11    0.00  RCVD_IN_MAPS_RBL
>    0.000   0.0000   0.0000    0.500   0.11    0.00  RCVD_IN_MAPS_NML
>    0.000   0.0000   0.0000    0.500   0.11    0.00  RCVD_IN_MAPS_DUL

	Thinking about this some more, I notice that the MAPS black lists 
do not appear to be tested at all.  For the sake of comparison, I 
believe that they should be included in the tests and ranked against 
the other black lists, or they should be omitted from the list of 
black lists altogether.

	Moreover, this is less than forty black lists.  My understanding 
is that there are well over a hundred in existence.  This list would 
need to be significantly expanded, in order to cover all known black 
lists and be a more fair comparison.


	I wonder -- have you run this comparison with other spam/ham 
corpii?  Do you continue to expand your spam/ham corpus as time goes 
on?

-- 
Brad Knowles, <brad.knowles@skynet.be>

"They that can give up essential liberty to obtain a little temporary
safety deserve neither liberty nor safety."
     -Benjamin Franklin, Historical Review of Pennsylvania.

GCS/IT d+(-) s:+(++)>: a C++(+++)$ UMBSHI++++$ P+>++ L+ !E-(---) W+++(--) N+
!w--- O- M++ V PS++(+++) PE- Y+(++) PGP>+++ t+(+++) 5++(+++) X++(+++) R+(+++)
tv+(+++) b+(++++) DI+(++++) D+(++) G+(++++) e++>++++ h--- r---(+++)* z(+++)

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From: Brad Knowles <brad.knowles@skynet.be>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 7. Best Practices - DNSBLs - Article
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Date: Wed, 13 Aug 2003 11:08:21 +0200

At 7:06 PM -0700 2003/08/12, Justin Mason wrote:

>  No -- they are commercial.  (the bl.spamcop.net test is semi-commercial,
>  in that donations are requested).  Since these figures are used in the
>  SpamAssassin rescore run, we can't use commercial tests since most users
>  would not be able to enable them.

	For your comparisons, I can understand.  However, for the sake of 
the kind of data we're looking for, I believe that they should be 
included in the tests.

>  It's pretty tricky to figure that out from this table, unfortunately; one
>  good guideline is, if a score is higher than the accuracy would suggest,
>  the GA has found it to provide useful "information" (in the Shannon
>  sense).  If the score has been zeroed, it overlapped too much with other
>  tests or was massively inaccurate (see RCVD_IN_OSIRU,
>  RCVD_IN_OSIRU_SPAM_SRC).

	Interesting.  Good to know.

>  We do occasionally run overlap tests, but they're quite heavy tests to
>  run, since you have to run each rule against every other rule as far as I
>  can see.

	Fair enough.  Thanks again!

-- 
Brad Knowles, <brad.knowles@skynet.be>

"They that can give up essential liberty to obtain a little temporary
safety deserve neither liberty nor safety."
     -Benjamin Franklin, Historical Review of Pennsylvania.

GCS/IT d+(-) s:+(++)>: a C++(+++)$ UMBSHI++++$ P+>++ L+ !E-(---) W+++(--) N+
!w--- O- M++ V PS++(+++) PE- Y+(++) PGP>+++ t+(+++) 5++(+++) X++(+++) R+(+++)
tv+(+++) b+(++++) DI+(++++) D+(++) G+(++++) e++>++++ h--- r---(+++)* z(+++)

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To: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>
From: Brad Knowles <brad.knowles@skynet.be>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] RE: 2.a.1 Analysis of Actual Spam Data - Titan
 Key      re duces spam attacks
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Date: Wed, 13 Aug 2003 11:12:34 +0200

At 10:16 PM -0400 2003/08/12, Yakov Shafranovich wrote:

>>          Can you give us any guidelines as to how we might be able
>>  to help analyze this data?
>
>  First of all take a look at the following link which lists various
>  characteristics to look out for:
>
>  http://www.irtf.org/asrg/spam_characterization.htm

	I've seen that before.  While it is a list of interesting 
characteristics that tend to be common with spam, it has not been 
clear to me how this relates to the overall effort.

>  Second, I believe Peter Key has been doing some research in this
>  area as well.

	I'll try to get in touch with him.

>                Third, we need someone to be in charge of the
>  analysis work, coordinating various research in that area.

	In charge?  In what way?  Does this person need to be deeply 
knowledgeable in statistics and applying statistical methods to the 
analysis, or would that work be done by someone else?

>  Fourth, there is a ton of data in the mailing list archive at:
>
>  https://www1.ietf.org/mail-archive/working-groups/asrg/current/maillist.html
>
>  Summary of discussions at:
>
>  http://www.elan.net/~william/asrg/index.htm
>
>  You can also use gmane.org to search the list archive:
>
>  http://news.gmane.org/gmane.ietf.asrg

	I'll check these out and see if I can find anything that looks to 
me to be relevant to this topic.


	Thanks!

-- 
Brad Knowles, <brad.knowles@skynet.be>

"They that can give up essential liberty to obtain a little temporary
safety deserve neither liberty nor safety."
     -Benjamin Franklin, Historical Review of Pennsylvania.

GCS/IT d+(-) s:+(++)>: a C++(+++)$ UMBSHI++++$ P+>++ L+ !E-(---) W+++(--) N+
!w--- O- M++ V PS++(+++) PE- Y+(++) PGP>+++ t+(+++) 5++(+++) X++(+++) R+(+++)
tv+(+++) b+(++++) DI+(++++) D+(++) G+(++++) e++>++++ h--- r---(+++)* z(+++)

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From: Daniel Feenberg <feenberg@nber.org>
To: Justin Mason <jm@jmason.org>
cc: Brad Knowles <brad.knowles@skynet.be>,
        Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>,
        Jason Steiner <jason@emptyexistence.com>, asrg@ietf.org
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Date: Wed, 13 Aug 2003 08:04:52 -0400 (EDT)



On Tue, 12 Aug 2003, Justin Mason wrote:

> 
> 
> We do occasionally run overlap tests, but they're quite heavy tests to
> run, since you have to run each rule against every other rule as far as I
> can see.
> 
> --j.

That's roughly right. The results given are informative for the selection
of a single DNSBL. If you can use two blacklists, then it the best
combination doesn't necessarily include the best single DNSBL. With 20
lists, you would need to test 20*19/2 possible combinations to pick the
best pair. But that is what computers are for.

Also note that with a pair of lists, you have a choice to block based
on a single hit, or two hits, and if a single hit, it may depend on which
list. So multiply the possibilities by 3.

Daniel Feenberg
feenberg isat nber dotte org



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> On Fri, 2003-08-08 at 07:57, Andrew Akehurst wrote:
> 
> > There is also the issue of which MTA would be responsible for 
> > doing this. For the simple situation where the recipient uses their
> > ISP's POP/IMAP servers to receive their mail, it might be relatively
> > easy to send consent details to that ISP's server MTA. To try and
> > communicate such data into other MTAs closer to the network core
> > would be much more difficult due to the sheer volume of data.
> 
> 
> I see no advantage in adding a command from a different layer to
> SMTP.  Variable envelope return paths work perfectly well for the
> purpose Scott Nelson suggested.  Andrew Akehurst suggests that
> a receiving MTA could be hacked to refuse selected messages. 

That was certainly one of the things I had in mind when I wrote
the above. The main point I was making was that it would be
utterly impractical for me (or any other e-mail user) to 
communicate my personal consent policy to every single MTA on the
planet (even assuming all MTAs supported consent policy 
enforcement, which is itself a massive assumption).

However I do still think that action at the network edge could
have a big impact on the problem as a whole and I agree with the
point you highlighted about hacking.

> This
> is similar to a suggestion made on a talk-radio show last week,
> the show was on spam, Missouri might be rolling out a law against
> return address forging.  A caller suggested adding a "bounce" button
> to their MUA in addition to the "delete" button.
> 
> The pay2send MTA, which I am and havebeen working on, will use rules
> to allow wanted messages in, and block all else.

In order for the MTA to be able to do this, the end user must
be able to communicate policy decisions to it, so that the MTA
knows which messages are "unwanted".

If there were a standard for expressing and communicating such
policies, it would allow any MUA to communicate policy with any
compliant MTA. Then far more people would have the benefit of
using such a system.

I'm willing to volunteer to help draft such a standard, in line
with Section 2.6 of the Consent Framework. Who wants to help?

Andrew

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To: jm@jmason.org (Justin Mason)
From: Brad Knowles <brad.knowles@skynet.be>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 7. Best Practices - DNSBLs - Article
Cc: jm@jmason.org (Justin Mason),
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Date: Wed, 13 Aug 2003 16:52:49 +0200

At 5:42 PM -0700 2003/08/12, Justin Mason wrote:

>  OVERALL%   SPAM%     HAM%     S/O    RANK   SCORE  NAME
>   495260   343948   151312    0.694   0.00    0.00  (all messages)

	Hmm.  This is the total number of messages, and not the total 
number of IP addresses to look up, right?  Do you have any idea how 
many IP addresses there are per message that you have to look up?


	My own spam archive is pretty short.  It only goes back to Sat 
Mar 02 00:16:31 2002, comprises 130,338,812 bytes, contains 49,848 
messages, and has 20,411 unique IP addresses that I've been able to 
find.

	My "ham" archive is quite a bit larger.  Some folders go back as 
far as 1995, it comprises 1,041,157,733 bytes, 506,115 messages, and 
supposedly 64,164 unique IP addresses (I suspect that my command line 
that I used to find the unique IP addresses in the spam archive was 
not able to handle the amount of input from the ham archive).


	I am curious -- is there a reason why you tested with a much 
larger spam archive than your ham archive?

-- 
Brad Knowles, <brad.knowles@skynet.be>

"They that can give up essential liberty to obtain a little temporary
safety deserve neither liberty nor safety."
     -Benjamin Franklin, Historical Review of Pennsylvania.

GCS/IT d+(-) s:+(++)>: a C++(+++)$ UMBSHI++++$ P+>++ L+ !E-(---) W+++(--) N+
!w--- O- M++ V PS++(+++) PE- Y+(++) PGP>+++ t+(+++) 5++(+++) X++(+++) R+(+++)
tv+(+++) b+(++++) DI+(++++) D+(++) G+(++++) e++>++++ h--- r---(+++)* z(+++)

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Date: Wed, 13 Aug 2003 11:14:42 -0400

At 10:01 AM 8/13/2003, Andrew Akehurst wrote:
> > On Fri, 2003-08-08 at 07:57, Andrew Akehurst wrote:
> > ...........
> > This
> > is similar to a suggestion made on a talk-radio show last week,
> > the show was on spam, Missouri might be rolling out a law against
> > return address forging.  A caller suggested adding a "bounce" button
> > to their MUA in addition to the "delete" button.
> >
> > The pay2send MTA, which I am and havebeen working on, will use rules
> > to allow wanted messages in, and block all else.
>
>In order for the MTA to be able to do this, the end user must
>be able to communicate policy decisions to it, so that the MTA
>knows which messages are "unwanted".
>
>If there were a standard for expressing and communicating such
>policies, it would allow any MUA to communicate policy with any
>compliant MTA. Then far more people would have the benefit of
>using such a system.
>
>I'm willing to volunteer to help draft such a standard, in line
>with Section 2.6 of the Consent Framework. Who wants to help?

Can you be more specific as to what you wish to work on? Below is the 
relevant section from the consent framework document. Keep in mind that 
Eric Dean's CRI protocol for connecting C/R systems together is relevant to 
2.5, item #2 (protocols for sharing consent tokens).

Before defining a protocol to exchange consent information, we need to 
define how consent is expressed in machine-readable form. This requires 
taking care of all the the items in 2.6 before moving on to the protocols.

--------------snip--------------
2.5. Protocols.

A MAIL TRANSFER PROTOCOL is used to transfer email messages between the 
SENDER and the RECEIVER. This transfer process may involve one or more 
software AGENTS.

[Ed. more protocols needed:

1. Protocols for sharing CONSENT RULES, SCOPE RULES and CONSENT POLICIES
2. Protocols for sharing CONSENT TOKENS. ]

2.6. Formats.

[Ed. We need to define:
1. Language and format for CONSENT AND SCOPE RULES
2. Format for CONSENT POLICIES.
3. Format for CONSENT TOKENS.
]
--------------snip--------------  


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This would be very interesting to see how message labs verified this.  =
How do they know if a given ip is hijacked?=20

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Yakov Shafranovich [mailto:research@solidmatrix.com]=20
> Sent: Tuesday, August 12, 2003 3:31 PM
> To: asrg@ietf.org
> Subject: [Asrg] 2. Spam Measurements - Analysis - Spam Delivery
>=20
>=20
> According to Message Labs, Inc. in this recent MSNBC article=20
> (http://www.msnbc.com/news/940853.asp) over 70% of all spam=20
> is sent via=20
> hijacked computers. This supports what Barry Shein has been=20
> saying for some=20
> time and we need to take this factor into account.
>=20
> ----snip---
> "Researchers say hundreds of thousands of vulnerable=20
> computers are being=20
> used to launch spam campaigns now. In fact, 70 percent of all=20
> spam is now=20
> sent this way, according to anti-spam firm Message Labs Inc.=20
> =F9 and perhaps=20
> 6 to 7 billion spam messages are routed through hacked home=20
> computers."
> ----snip---
>=20
>=20
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg
>=20
>=20
>=20



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To: "'Brad Knowles'" <brad.knowles@skynet.be>
Cc: "'jm@jmason.org'" <jm@jmason.org>,
        "'Yakov Shafranovich'"
	 <research@solidmatrix.com>,
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Subject: RE: [Asrg] 7. Best Practices - DNSBLs - Article
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Date: Wed, 13 Aug 2003 11:07:49 -0400



> -----Original Message-----
> From: Brad Knowles [mailto:brad.knowles@skynet.be] 

> 
> 	I am curious -- is there a reason why you tested with a much 
> larger spam archive than your ham archive?


In general, it is difficult to gather a large public ham archive. You
personally have a large ham archive, but chances are that you're not willing
to post it on a public ftp site.

This is a common problem. The question is how can you perform the analysis
in the face of such conditions. There are a few of routes: 

1) Continue to try to persuade people to provide their ham. You end up
getting a subset of the available ham, because people hand-pick stuff.
However, perhaps with a wide enough campaign, you're able to collect a
sufficient amount of information.
2) Provide the analysis tools to the users to run directly on their
mailboxes eliminating the need for collecting their ham.
3) Create tools that sufficiently anonymize the ham so that people are
comfortable submitting it. There is similar work being done in other areas
of networking. One of the difficulties here is anonymizing the data while
preserving the relevant relationships within the data.

Each of these paths is worth pursuing. Anyone out there currently looking
into these or interested in doing so?

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Subject: RE: [Asrg] RE: 2.a.1 Analysis of Actual Spam Data - Titan Key reduces spam attacks
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Can you just give us the "cliff notes version"?  Or possibly just your
summary of what that document is saying? That's a helluva lot of reading
to do on that page just to figure out what your point is.

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Walter Dnes [mailto:waltdnes@waltdnes.org]=20
> Sent: Saturday, August 09, 2003 6:07 PM
> To: ASRG list
> Subject: Re: [Asrg] RE: 2.a.1 Analysis of Actual Spam Data -=20
> Titan Key reduces spam attacks
>=20
>=20
> On Sat, Aug 09, 2003 at 08:50:55PM -0500, Terry Sullivan wrote
>=20
> > So the point of my posting was: if the effect's big enough to be
> > detected by a practicable amount of effort, then I can't but wonder=20
> > why nobody's ever tripped over it, even accidentally, at=20
> some point. =20
> > (Phrased differently: given [any] two variables observed to=20
> increase=20
> > monotonically over time, what would it take for the "true=20
> > state-of-nature" to be "huge negative correlation"?)=20
>=20
http://www.honet.com/Nadine/ 'The story of "Nadine"' gives food for
thought.

--=20
Walter Dnes <waltdnes@waltdnes.org>
Email users are divided into two classes;
1) Those who have effective spam-blocking
2) Those who wish they did

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To: "Peter Kay" <peter@titankey.com>, <asrg@ietf.org>
From: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] 2. Spam Measurements - Analysis - Spam Delivery
Cc: msergeant@messagelabs.com
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I think Matt Sergeant was lurking in here somewhere and he works for=20
MessageLabs. Perhaps he can give us some more information.

At 11:19 AM 8/13/2003, Peter Kay wrote:
>This would be very interesting to see how message labs verified this.  H=
ow=20
>do they know if a given ip is hijacked?
>
> > -----Original Message-----
> > From: Yakov Shafranovich [mailto:research@solidmatrix.com]
> > Sent: Tuesday, August 12, 2003 3:31 PM
> > To: asrg@ietf.org
> > Subject: [Asrg] 2. Spam Measurements - Analysis - Spam Delivery
> >
> >
> > According to Message Labs, Inc. in this recent MSNBC article
> > (http://www.msnbc.com/news/940853.asp) over 70% of all spam
> > is sent via
> > hijacked computers. This supports what Barry Shein has been
> > saying for some
> > time and we need to take this factor into account.
> >
> > ----snip---
> > "Researchers say hundreds of thousands of vulnerable
> > computers are being
> > used to launch spam campaigns now. In fact, 70 percent of all
> > spam is now
> > sent this way, according to anti-spam firm Message Labs Inc.
> > =B7 and perhaps
> > 6 to 7 billion spam messages are routed through hacked home
> > computers."
> > ----snip---
> >
> >
> > _______________________________________________
> > Asrg mailing list
> > Asrg@ietf.org
> > https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg
> >
> >
> >
>
>
>
>_______________________________________________
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>Asrg@ietf.org
>https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg


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To: Brad Knowles <brad.knowles@skynet.be>
From: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] RE: 2.a.1 Analysis of Actual Spam Data - Titan Key
  reduces spam attacks
Cc: "Peter Kay" <peter@titankey.com>, "'asrg@ietf.org'" <asrg@ietf.org>
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Date: Wed, 13 Aug 2003 11:43:46 -0400

At 05:12 AM 8/13/2003, Brad Knowles wrote:
>At 10:16 PM -0400 2003/08/12, Yakov Shafranovich wrote:
>
>>>          Can you give us any guidelines as to how we might be able
>>>  to help analyze this data?
>>
>>  First of all take a look at the following link which lists various
>>  characteristics to look out for:
>>
>>  http://www.irtf.org/asrg/spam_characterization.htm
>
>         I've seen that before.  While it is a list of interesting 
> characteristics that tend to be common with spam, it has not been clear 
> to me how this relates to the overall effort.

  I think we were planning on looking at these specific characteristics 
when analyzing spam data. Paul Judge (the chair) was working on that, you 
can contact him for more information.


>.....
>>                Third, we need someone to be in charge of the
>>  analysis work, coordinating various research in that area.
>
>         In charge?  In what way?  Does this person need to be deeply 
> knowledgeable in statistics and applying statistical methods to the 
> analysis, or would that work be done by someone else?

The group is gigantic and there are eight major areas of research. We would 
like to see each of those eight areas (and possibly some of the large 
sub-areas) to be headed by someone. Heading an area would imply 
coordinating efforts in that area, getting people to volunteer, etc. In the 
analysis area specifically it would not hurt to know statistics, but I 
think that it is not necessary. If you are willing to manage that area, you 
can get someone to help who does know statistics.

Yakov





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To: Paul Judge <paul.judge@ciphertrust.com>
From: Brad Knowles <brad.knowles@skynet.be>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] 7. Best Practices - DNSBLs - Article
Cc: "'Brad Knowles'" <brad.knowles@skynet.be>,
        "'jm@jmason.org'" <jm@jmason.org>,
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Date: Wed, 13 Aug 2003 17:55:41 +0200

At 11:07 AM -0400 2003/08/13, Paul Judge wrote:

>  3) Create tools that sufficiently anonymize the ham so that people are
>  comfortable submitting it. There is similar work being done in other areas
>  of networking. One of the difficulties here is anonymizing the data while
>  preserving the relevant relationships within the data.

	In terms of analyzing black list performance, all we need is the 
IP address(es) found in the headers of the message.  Everything else 
is superfluous, and indeed gets in our way.

	That should be sufficiently anonymous that there shouldn't be any 
problem with people being willing to share that information.  Or, so 
I would think.

-- 
Brad Knowles, <brad.knowles@skynet.be>

"They that can give up essential liberty to obtain a little temporary
safety deserve neither liberty nor safety."
     -Benjamin Franklin, Historical Review of Pennsylvania.

GCS/IT d+(-) s:+(++)>: a C++(+++)$ UMBSHI++++$ P+>++ L+ !E-(---) W+++(--) N+
!w--- O- M++ V PS++(+++) PE- Y+(++) PGP>+++ t+(+++) 5++(+++) X++(+++) R+(+++)
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Ok everyone, its decision time.

=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D Summary of this thread =
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D

What we're trying to determine is: will "hard bounce" handling of spam
(such as 550 no such user or 451greylisting  response) reduce the amount
of "spam attacks" to a given email address over time versus an email
address that does not employ such tactics?

The question is: what research process can we execute such that the
results can be deemed reasonably reliable to prove/disprove what we're
trying to determine?

Our resident statistician, Terry Sullivan, basically says that the
amount of noise on the data and the variances in spam make it difficult
if not impossible to statistically prove the above unless the effect of
the hard bounces is huge. And if the effect is so huge, why hasn't it
already been figured out?


=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D The issues at hand =
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=


1)	Do we continue to pursue this research topic?
2)	If so, what process can we agree on to follow?


=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D  next steps =
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=
=3D=3D

This is a call to action to everone one this list to address the above
issues. Lets see what responses we get over a week's time. If we get
either a bunch of "no" or nothing at all, we're close this issue and
move on. If, on the other hand, we get some positive responses that
INCLUDE IDEAS ON A RESEARCH PROCESS, we can then gather those ideas into
a research plan and then move to execute.

=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D misc, but important additional info =
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D

We've had at least 2 people lend some degree of assistance, Scott Nelson
has offered to include researching the 550 on his experiments, and Damon
Sauer has offered millions of emails worth of data. It's not entirely
clear how either of these 2 would support the research process, but
their offerings are at least certainly appreciated.  Yakov has also
mentioned that we have access to data from Brightmail and Postini.

Paul Judge pointed to a few links out there related to what we're trying
to research:

http://www.simplyquick.com/privacy.html#3 =20
This is a report of what happened after subscribing to several
newsletters, performing normal actions on those newsletters (opening,
clicking, etc) and then unsubscribing.  Result: no spam, but several
newsletters did not respect the unsubscribe request.

http://www.infoworld.com/article/03/03/21/12ebsecret_1.html\
That talks about the results of another firm researching what HTML codes
do in spam mail AND WHAT EFFECT USING A 550 NO SUCH USER RESPONSE
(emphasis added) has on subsequent spam.

http://www.out-law.com/php/page.php?page_id=3Dpressrele3360&area=3Dabout
The actual Web page of the firm conducting the research mentioned by the
infoworld article.


=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D  YOUR  ACTION ITEM  =
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D
(Yes, you. The subscriber to this.)
Duedate: on/before 8/21/03 12:01am GMT +0=20

Decide if issue #1 is worth pursuing and if so, think about a research
process (please make sure you KISS) and email that process in simple
bullet forms to this list.   Positive responses must include bullet
points on a research process in order to be considered positive.







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From: Paul Judge <paul.judge@ciphertrust.com>
To: "'Brad Knowles'" <brad.knowles@skynet.be>,
        Paul Judge
	 <paul.judge@ciphertrust.com>
Cc: "'jm@jmason.org'" <jm@jmason.org>,
        "'Yakov Shafranovich'"
	 <research@solidmatrix.com>,
        "'Jason Steiner'" <jason@emptyexistence.com>,
        "'asrg@ietf.org'" <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] 7. Best Practices - DNSBLs - Article
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Date: Wed, 13 Aug 2003 11:56:24 -0400


Two points:

1. I was speaking about analysis in general, not just blacklist analysis.
So, there are other attributes that you wish to capture including headers
and important content of the message. This information is obviously
sensitive.

2. As you mentioned, with blacklists you need the list of IP addresses. The
problem is that the list of IP addresses in the headers will often include
IPs of internal mail servers that organizations do not wish to reveal. So,
you often have to reduce this to the set of IP addresses that come before
the recipient's organization in order to make this data public.

There are many intricacies here. The SpamAssassin guys have experienced them
and within Spam Archive we've experienced them. It's just not as simple as
you initially thought. It's far from impossible, but just requires some
thoughtfulness. That is why I was outlining these three paths as potential
paths for individuals to spend some time pursuing.

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Brad Knowles [mailto:brad.knowles@skynet.be] 
> Sent: Wednesday, August 13, 2003 11:56 AM
> To: Paul Judge
> Cc: 'Brad Knowles'; 'jm@jmason.org'; 'Yakov Shafranovich'; 
> 'Jason Steiner'; 'asrg@ietf.org'
> Subject: RE: [Asrg] 7. Best Practices - DNSBLs - Article
> 
> 
> At 11:07 AM -0400 2003/08/13, Paul Judge wrote:
> 
> >  3) Create tools that sufficiently anonymize the ham so that people 
> > are  comfortable submitting it. There is similar work being done in 
> > other areas  of networking. One of the difficulties here is 
> > anonymizing the data while  preserving the relevant relationships 
> > within the data.
> 
> 	In terms of analyzing black list performance, all we 
> need is the 
> IP address(es) found in the headers of the message.  Everything else 
> is superfluous, and indeed gets in our way.
> 
> 	That should be sufficiently anonymous that there 
> shouldn't be any 
> problem with people being willing to share that information.  Or, so 
> I would think.
> 
> -- 
> Brad Knowles, <brad.knowles@skynet.be>
> 
> "They that can give up essential liberty to obtain a little 
> temporary safety deserve neither liberty nor safety."
>      -Benjamin Franklin, Historical Review of Pennsylvania.
> 
> GCS/IT d+(-) s:+(++)>: a C++(+++)$ UMBSHI++++$ P+>++ L+ 
> !E-(---) W+++(--) N+
> !w--- O- M++ V PS++(+++) PE- Y+(++) PGP>+++ t+(+++) 5++(+++) 
> X++(+++) R+(+++)
> tv+(+++) b+(++++) DI+(++++) D+(++) G+(++++) e++>++++ h--- r---(+++)* 
> tv+z(+++)
> 

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        "'Brad Knowles'"
	 <brad.knowles@skynet.be>
Cc: "'Peter Kay'" <peter@titankey.com>, "'asrg@ietf.org'" <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] RE: 2.a.1 Analysis of Actual Spam Data - Titan Key red
	uces spam attacks
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> -----Original Message-----
> From: Yakov Shafranovich [mailto:research@solidmatrix.com] 
> Sent: Wednesday, August 13, 2003 11:44 AM
> To: Brad Knowles
> Cc: Peter Kay; 'asrg@ietf.org'
> Subject: RE: [Asrg] RE: 2.a.1 Analysis of Actual Spam Data - 
> Titan Key reduces spam attacks
> 
> 
> At 05:12 AM 8/13/2003, Brad Knowles wrote:
> >At 10:16 PM -0400 2003/08/12, Yakov Shafranovich wrote:
> >
> >>>          Can you give us any guidelines as to how we 
> might be able  
> >>> to help analyze this data?
> >>
> >>  First of all take a look at the following link which 
> lists various  
> >> characteristics to look out for:
> >>
> >>  http://www.irtf.org/asrg/spam_characterization.htm
> >
> >         I've seen that before.  While it is a list of interesting
> > characteristics that tend to be common with spam, it has 
> not been clear 
> > to me how this relates to the overall effort.
> 
>   I think we were planning on looking at these specific 
> characteristics 
> when analyzing spam data. Paul Judge (the chair) was working 
> on that, you 
> can contact him for more information.

Brad's question has been discussed previously. Please see the following
message:
http://article.gmane.org/gmane.ietf.asrg/5161


> >>                Third, we need someone to be in charge of the  
> >> analysis work, coordinating various research in that area.
> >
> >         In charge?  In what way?  Does this person need to be deeply
> > knowledgeable in statistics and applying statistical methods to the 
> > analysis, or would that work be done by someone else?
> 
> The group is gigantic and there are eight major areas of 
> research. We would 
> like to see each of those eight areas (and possibly some of the large 
> sub-areas) to be headed by someone. Heading an area would imply 
> coordinating efforts in that area, getting people to 
> volunteer, etc. In the 
> analysis area specifically it would not hurt to know 
> statistics, but I 
> think that it is not necessary. If you are willing to manage 
> that area, you 
> can get someone to help who does know statistics.

The point here is that there are many areas to become more actively involved
besides simply debating on the mailing list. There are work items that need
owners and contributors. There are administrative tasks that need support.
If you are interested in any of these, just contact me off-list. I am
currently compiling two relevant documents: 1) work item status list that
shows owners of each item, the status of that item and which items need
volunteers. 2) administrative task list that shows the group's needs such as
document editor, secretary, etc. 

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Subject: Re: [Asrg] 4d. Consent Framework - Protocols and Formats (was Re: [Asrg] SMTP level unsubscribe)
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>> In order for the MTA to be able to do this, the end user must
>> be able to communicate policy decisions to it, so that the MTA
>> knows which messages are "unwanted".
>>
>> If there were a standard for expressing and communicating such
>> policies, it would allow any MUA to communicate policy with any
>> compliant MTA. Then far more people would have the benefit of
>> using such a system.
>>
>> I'm willing to volunteer to help draft such a standard, in line
>> with Section 2.6 of the Consent Framework. Who wants to help?

> Can you be more specific as to what you wish to work on? Below is the=20
> relevant section from the consent framework document. Keep in mind that
> Eric Dean's CRI protocol for connecting C/R systems together is relevan=
t
> to 2.5, item #2 (protocols for sharing consent tokens).
>=20
> Before defining a protocol to exchange consent information, we need to=20
> define how consent is expressed in machine-readable form. This requires
> taking care of all the the items in 2.6 before moving on to the
> protocols.

I'm interested in creating a machine-readable format for=20
expressing consent policy. Clearly this is a pre-requisite to
defining protocols, because a protocol needs to have some data
to exchange.=20

Starting from the consent framework document:

> 2.6. Formats.
>=20
> [Ed. We need to define:
> 1. Language and format for CONSENT AND SCOPE RULES
> 2. Format for CONSENT POLICIES.
> 3. Format for CONSENT TOKENS.
> ]

A few definitions to remind ourselves...

> CONSENT POLICY =96 a set of CONSENT RULES and SCOPE rules for
>   a specific RECEIVER

> CONSENT TOKEN =96 a piece of data that is used by the POLICY=20
>   ENFORCEMENT COMPONENT to grant or revoke CONSENT based on
>   the CONSENT POLICY

> SCOPE RULES =96 rules defining how CONSENT POLICIES are shared

I see the requirements for such a format as being:

- it should be capable of being efficiently parsed by a machine.
  The grammar should not be ambiguous if possible

- it should be relatively easy for a human being to read.
  This will aid debugging of protocol design and also allow
  advanced users to write their own policy by hand

- it should be extensible, because new ways of detecting
  spam will arise in future, possible involving new types of
  rule or new consent token formats. This will allow some
  adaptation when spammers change their tactics

If anyone wishes to suggest additional requirements, please do.

Once we get the requirements agreed, I have a list of other
things I'd like to iron out, starting with some definitions
of scopes and policy enforcement decisions.

Comments? Suggestions?

Andrew

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To: Brad Knowles <brad.knowles@skynet.be>
Cc: jm@jmason.org (Justin Mason),
        Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>,
        Jason Steiner <jason@emptyexistence.com>, asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 7. Best Practices - DNSBLs - Article 
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From: jm@jmason.org (Justin Mason)
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Date: Wed, 13 Aug 2003 09:56:43 -0700


Brad Knowles writes:
> At 5:42 PM -0700 2003/08/12, Justin Mason wrote:
> 
> >  OVERALL%   SPAM%     HAM%     S/O    RANK   SCORE  NAME
> >   495260   343948   151312    0.694   0.00    0.00  (all messages)
> 
> 	Hmm.  This is the total number of messages, and not the total 
> number of IP addresses to look up, right?  Do you have any idea how 
> many IP addresses there are per message that you have to look up?

The total number of messages -- and I'm afraid I don't have a clue on how
many IPs there are there.  There's about 15-20 individual contributors
behind all that mail, they do not send us the entire mail message itself
during the process, and grepping out that data would be tricky :(

> 	I am curious -- is there a reason why you tested with a much 
> larger spam archive than your ham archive?

I don't know -- Theo ran the corpus selection ;)   But as far as I know,
no reason -- probably simply that more people submitted results for
spam over ham.   Since the main reason for this was to run the genetic
algorithm, and in our experience the GA is resilient to that kind of
proportion, it wasn't an issue.

> Thinking about this some more, I notice that the MAPS black lists 
> do not appear to be tested at all.  For the sake of comparison, I 
> believe that they should be included in the tests and ranked against 
> the other black lists, or they should be omitted from the list of 
> black lists altogether.

This is true.   (They are only included in that list because of my
oversight. oops.)

> Moreover, this is less than forty black lists.  My understanding 
> is that there are well over a hundred in existence.  This list would 
> need to be significantly expanded, in order to cover all known black 
> lists and be a more fair comparison.

Good point...  note that it's actually *under* 40 as many of those
"rules" indicate that a multi-value DNSBL -- like SORBS -- returned
one of its possible values -- like 127.0.0.6 .

Those are just the DNSBLs that we found to provide useful results.  Many
of the others either (a) have unusual listing/delisting criteria, (b) were
not totally free to query, (c) did not want to have thousands of
SpamAssassin users hitting their servers (which is pretty reasonable!), or
(d) didn't make the grade in terms of QA.

In particular, referring back to the "overlap" question -- if I recall
correctly Dan dropped a couple of BLs due to large overlap with the ones
in that list.

> I wonder -- have you run this comparison with other spam/ham 
> corpii?  Do you continue to expand your spam/ham corpus as time goes 
> on?

This comparison is made using ham/spam corpora from about 15 to 20 people.

> 	In terms of analyzing black list performance, all we need is the 
> IP address(es) found in the headers of the message.  Everything else 
> is superfluous, and indeed gets in our way.

FWIW, SpamAssassin 2.60 will include a method for the user/admin to tag
all messages with a header containing the DNSBL lookup results at the
moment the message was scanned -- like so:

  X-spam-rbl: <dns:244.130.118.163.opm.blitzed.org> [127.1.0.4]

Once that's in the field for a while, it'd be easy enough to grep out
those headers and come up with "live" DNSBL performance data, and the
list of IPs.

--j.

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To: "Peter Kay" <peter@titankey.com>
Cc: "Yakov Shafranovich" <research@solidmatrix.com>, asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 2. Spam Measurements - Analysis - Spam Delivery 
In-Reply-To: <DD198B5D07F04347B7266A3F35C42B0B0D93A9@io.cybercom.local> 
From: jm@jmason.org (Justin Mason)
X-GPG-Key-Fingerprint: 0A48 2D8B 0B52 A87D 0E8A  6ADD 4137 1B50 6E58 EF0A
X-Habeas-Swe-1: winter into spring
X-Habeas-Swe-2: brightly anticipated
X-Habeas-Swe-3: like Habeas SWE (tm)
X-Habeas-Swe-4: Copyright 2002 Habeas (tm)
X-Habeas-Swe-5: Sender Warranted Email (SWE) (tm). The sender of this
X-Habeas-Swe-6: email in exchange for a license for this Habeas
X-Habeas-Swe-7: warrant mark warrants that this is a Habeas Compliant
X-Habeas-Swe-8: Message (HCM) and not spam.  Please report use of this
X-Habeas-Swe-9: mark in spam to <http://www.habeas.com/report/>.
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Date: Wed, 13 Aug 2003 10:06:11 -0700


Peter Kay writes:
> This would be very interesting to see how message labs verified this.  How do they know if a given ip is hijacked? 

I would guess, scanning for known proxy ports opened by trojans.
Most of the trojans currently, have a fingerprint that can be detected
with a portscan.

--j.

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Date: Wed, 13 Aug 2003 10:49:00 -0700

At 06:20 PM 8/12/03 -0500, david nicol wrote:
>
>I'm worried that sharing the intersection of suggestions
>with aspects of the system I've been working on is off
>topic but here goes.
>
>
>
>On Fri, 2003-08-08 at 07:57, Andrew Akehurst wrote:
>
>> There is also the issue of which MTA would be responsible for 
>> doing this. For the simple situation where the recipient uses their
>> ISP's POP/IMAP servers to receive their mail, it might be relatively
>> easy to send consent details to that ISP's server MTA. To try and
>> communicate such data into other MTAs closer to the network core
>> would be much more difficult due to the sheer volume of data.
>
>
>I see no advantage in adding a command from a different layer to
>SMTP.  Variable envelope return paths work perfectly well for the
>purpose Scott Nelson suggested.  Andrew Akehurst suggests that
>a receiving MTA could be hacked to refuse selected messages.  This
>is similar to a suggestion made on a talk-radio show last week,
>the show was on spam, Missouri might be rolling out a law against
>return address forging.  A caller suggested adding a "bounce" button
>to their MUA in addition to the "delete" button.
>
>The pay2send MTA, which I am and havebeen working on, will use rules
>to allow wanted messages in, and block all else.
>
>You can set something up with sendmail milter, too , I think.
>
>

I suggested /standardizing/ the meaning of a 578 to mean unsubscribe.
I has been suggested to me off list that it should be
"578 5.7.8 No consent" and that if a mailing list gets one of these,
it should unsubscribe the user.  I agree.
The advantage to 578 over, say, 550,  is that if a mailing list
gets a 578, it can be /certain/ that it should unsubscribe the user.

Kee Hinkley had a momentary lapse of reason and suggested that someone
might generate the message accidentally.  This was why I originally 
suggested that it happen /only/ at the SMTP level.
After thinking about this I realized that in practice it often
/would/ be possible, since very few mailing lists send the 
messages themselves, preferring to relay them through sendmail.
So from the mailing list's point of view, it does get a DSN message,
and that message could be faked.

Since that is possible, I now suggest that DSN also be allowed,
and that lists that are concerned about the possibility of forged
unsubscribes should send a confirmation message with a token
embedded in a header (probably the Subject: though it could be any header), 
and check for that in the subsequent bounce.  If you get a 578 once,
you should get it again the second time.  It may be an extra email or two,
but they're small emails, and they should be handled automatically.
If the list is unwilling or unable to do that, 
then it should accept all 578s as an unsubscribe.

Allowing DSNs makes it possible for either the MUA or the MTA to do it.

That removes the need to update the MTA, or give it potentially
sensitive information, though for most people, 
the issue of updating a new MTA is moot.
When they switch MTAs they're also switching ISPs, and that
means a new email address, which isn't going to be subscribed
to any mailing lists anyway.


Scott Nelson <scott@spamwolf.com> 

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Subject: RE: [Asrg] RE: 2.a.1 Analysis of Actual Spam Data - Titan Key
	reduces spam
	attacks
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> Does anyone present would like to assist in the analysis work? Aside from 
this data graciously being offered, we have access to many other source of 
spam data from Brightmail, Postini, and such. Any help with analyzing it 
would help greatly!

I'd be glad to help provide SPITBOL programs (executables, and/or source) to 
help extract data for analysis.

SPITBOL is a very fast SNOBOL4 implementation, which offers greater speed and 
far superior pattern matching and textual manipulation compared to (say) Perl.

The SPITBOL programs I'd write would be command line apps and would run on any 
32-bit-capable Wintel-class machine.

Gordon Peterson                  http://personal.terabites.com/
1977-2002  Twenty-fifth anniversary year of Local Area Networking!
Support the Anti-SPAM Amendment!  Join at http://www.cauce.org/
12/19/98: Partisan Republicans scornfully ignore the voters they "represent".
12/09/00: the date the Republican Party took down democracy in America.



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Date: Wed, 13 Aug 2003 20:20:03 +0200

At 10:49 AM -0700 2003/08/13, Scott Nelson wrote:

>  I suggested /standardizing/ the meaning of a 578 to mean unsubscribe.
>  I has been suggested to me off list that it should be
>  "578 5.7.8 No consent" and that if a mailing list gets one of these,
>  it should unsubscribe the user.  I agree.

	Uh, no.  We don't use 57x reply codes to SMTP commands.  See RFC 
2822, sections 4.2.2, 4.2.3, and 4.3.2.  Sections 4.2.2 and 4.2.3 
list all possible reply codes, in different sort orders.  Section 
4.3.2 provides a complete breakdown of all possible reply codes on a 
state-by-state basis.

	You can use a 5.7.8 extended mail system status code (RFC 1893), 
but that is a different matter.

>  The advantage to 578 over, say, 550,  is that if a mailing list
>  gets a 578, it can be /certain/ that it should unsubscribe the user.

	This is a pretty big change to the SMTP protocol, and would 
require code modification to a lot of MTAs.  It would also be a huge 
violation of the "Principle of Least Astonishment" (POLA) as far as 
pretty much the entire Internet is concerned.

	Setting the particular extended mail system status code to mean 
whatever you want, is a much easier task.

-- 
Brad Knowles, <brad.knowles@skynet.be>

"They that can give up essential liberty to obtain a little temporary
safety deserve neither liberty nor safety."
     -Benjamin Franklin, Historical Review of Pennsylvania.

GCS/IT d+(-) s:+(++)>: a C++(+++)$ UMBSHI++++$ P+>++ L+ !E-(---) W+++(--) N+
!w--- O- M++ V PS++(+++) PE- Y+(++) PGP>+++ t+(+++) 5++(+++) X++(+++) R+(+++)
tv+(+++) b+(++++) DI+(++++) D+(++) G+(++++) e++>++++ h--- r---(+++)* z(+++)

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Subject: RE: spammer economics; was: RE: [Asrg] hiring challenge responders
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Thread-Topic: spammer economics; was: RE: [Asrg] hiring challenge responders
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From: "Bob Atkinson" <bobatk@exchange.microsoft.com>
To: "Barry Shein" <bzs@world.std.com>
Cc: "Yakov Shafranovich" <research@solidmatrix.com>,
        "Dave Aronson" <dja2003@hotpop.com>, <asrg@ietf.org>
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While I readily and heartily agree that the more concrete the data the
better, the diversity and global scope of the interviews I've seen
(e.g.: some from New Zealand, some from Korea, in addition to several US
sources) and the specifics of the spammers' quotes therein make it
difficult to hold as plausible the scenario that the reporters are
cribbing from each other.

	Bob
=20
-----Original Message-----
From: Barry Shein [mailto:bzs@world.std.com]=20
Sent: Tuesday, August 12, 2003 6:25 PM
To: Bob Atkinson
Cc: Barry Shein; Yakov Shafranovich; Dave Aronson; asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: spammer economics; was: RE: [Asrg] hiring challenge
responders


I guess the executive summary of your message is: The plural of
anecdote is evidence.

Reporters repeat each other to generate copy, that the same anecdotes
and hearsay appear over and over proves nothing other than that the
reporters are also pretty good with google.

I'd prefer to see a 1040 or corporate quarterly which reflected facts,
or an accusation of tax fraud (bank statements, etc. would do.)

        -Barry Shein

Software Tool & Die    | bzs@TheWorld.com           |
http://www.TheWorld.com
Purveyors to the Trade | Voice: 617-739-0202        | Login:
617-739-WRLD
The World              | Public Access Internet     | Since 1989
*oo*


On August 12, 2003 at 13:50 bobatk@exchange.microsoft.com (Bob Atkinson)
wrote:
 > It's good to be wary, but from the baker's dozen or so of spammer
 > interviews I've recently seen that have useful figures in them
there's a
 > surprising amount of consistency. Certainly enough to be able to
glean
 > useful ballparks of, e.g., click-through or conversion rates and
profit
 > per sale.
 >=20
 > Indeed, if anything I suspect that spammers tend to brag here (but
not
 > much) more than they tend to dissemble in the other direction,
leading
 > to the fact that the numbers they let drop can be considered
 > conservative in what it takes to make them unprofitable.
 >=20
 > The Iraqi playing card article, btw, can (or could) be found at any
of
 > the following (be aware though that there's some errors in the
 > arithmetic on the part of the reporter):
 >=20
 > =09
 > http://news.spamcop.net/pipermail/spamcop-list/2003-June/046051.html
 > 	http://www.nytimes.com/2003/06/09/technology/09CARD.html
 > 	http://www.iht.com/articles/99019.html
 > 	http://www.naplesnews.com/03/06/business/d855876a.htm
 >=20
 > (Ya gotta love Google :-)
 >=20
 > 	Bob
 >=20
 > -----Original Message-----
 > From: ... Barry Shein
 > Sent: Thursday, June 26, 2003 2:44 PM
 >=20
 > ...
 >=20
 > I just have a little trouble believing what a marketeer tells a news
 > reporter about how great business is, particularly when they figure
 > they might have an interest.
 >=20
 >=20



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Subject: [Asrg] Encryption technologies and SPAM
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Date: Wed, 13 Aug 2003 11:51:58 -0700

Hi all

I have a silly question that didn't seem to be addressed in the FAQ.
I'm trying to understand dependancies between opportunistic encryption of 
email and efforts to control SPAM.

From what I can tell, there are some very significant cross effects 
between the two technologies:

First: If email is encrypted, this will sigificantly limit the locations 
at which SPAM control technologies can be deployed.

Second: Encryption is computationally expensive.  Potentially, the act of 
forcing end nodes to encrypt an email prior to sending it could increase 
the cost of transmission enough to render many forms of SPAM economically 
unviable.  [On a related topic, is their a well accepted boundary 
condition regarding the total cost to transmit an email message in order 
that SPAM is economically viable?]

Third, the same key distribution technologies that enable encrypted email 
will also be necessary for any kind of digital signature system.

From my (admittedly novice) perspective, it would appear that SPAM control 
and encryption need to be considered in parallel.
I haven't seen much dicussion of this topic on the mailing list.


 
Richard Willey

Strategic Marketing
Symantec Corporation
There are 10 types of people in the world
Those who understand binary and those who don't.
Office:
(408) 517-7740
Interoffice: 
6 [408] 7740
Mobile:
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Email:
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www.symantec.com




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To: Paul Judge <paul.judge@ciphertrust.com>
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Subject: 0. General - Coordination (was RE: [Asrg] RE: 2.a.1 Analysis
  of Actual Spam Data - Titan Key reduces spam attacks)
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Date: Wed, 13 Aug 2003 14:59:15 -0400

At 12:00 PM 8/13/2003, Paul Judge wrote:
>............
>The point here is that there are many areas to become more actively involved
>besides simply debating on the mailing list. There are work items that need
>owners and contributors. There are administrative tasks that need support.
>If you are interested in any of these, just contact me off-list. I am
>currently compiling two relevant documents: 1) work item status list that
>shows owners of each item, the status of that item and which items need
>volunteers. 2) administrative task list that shows the group's needs such as
>document editor, secretary, etc.

Many times people have very valuable input on the list and then drop out or 
disappear. We need people to stay on and contribute. For starters many 
people have interests in various areas but that does not help us if we do 
not know about it. Let the chair know off-list what your interests are and 
how you think you can contribute. Even if you only have the time to review 
documents - even that is important.

Yakov 


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To: C Wegrzyn <cwegrzyn@ibexprocess.com>
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Encryption technologies and SPAM
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Date: Wed, 13 Aug 2003 12:38:39 -0700

>I don't see why we need to tie encryption and spam control together. I
>don't even see the first claim you make - why does encryption limit
>spam? Are you proposing we send only encrypted email?
>
>Chuck Wegrzyn

There have been a number of proposals on this list that suggest that the 
best way to limit SPAM is raise the cost of transmitting an email.  In 
some cases these proposals are based on a micropayment scheme.  Other 
systems such as HashCash force the sender to "send" CPU cycles.  I am 
simply suggesting that since the act of encryption costs CPU cycles, an 
encryption system might fulfill many of the same design principles as a 
system like Hashcash, while, at the same time providing a privacy service.

>>On Wed, 2003-08-13 at 14:51, Richard Willey wrote:
>> Hi all
>> 
>> I have a silly question that didn't seem to be addressed in the FAQ.
>> I'm trying to understand dependancies between opportunistic encryption 
of 
>> email and efforts to control SPAM.
>> 
>> >From what I can tell, there are some very significant cross effects 
>> between the two technologies:
>> 
>> First: If email is encrypted, this will sigificantly limit the 
locations 
>> at which SPAM control technologies can be deployed.
>> 
>> Second: Encryption is computationally expensive.  Potentially, the act 
of 
>> forcing end nodes to encrypt an email prior to sending it could 
increase 
>> the cost of transmission enough to render many forms of SPAM 
economically 
>> unviable.  [On a related topic, is their a well accepted boundary 
>> condition regarding the total cost to transmit an email message in 
order 
>> that SPAM is economically viable?]
>> 
>> Third, the same key distribution technologies that enable encrypted 
email 
>> will also be necessary for any kind of digital signature system.
>> 
>> >From my (admittedly novice) perspective, it would appear that SPAM 
control 
>> and encryption need to be considered in parallel.
>> I haven't seen much dicussion of this topic on the mailing list.


 
Richard Willey

Strategic Marketing
Symantec Corporation
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Those who understand binary and those who don't.
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Subject: RE: [Asrg] 7. Best Practices - DNSBLs - Article
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Date: Wed, 13 Aug 2003 21:40:02 +0200

At 11:56 AM -0400 2003/08/13, Paul Judge wrote:

>  2. As you mentioned, with blacklists you need the list of IP addresses. The
>  problem is that the list of IP addresses in the headers will often include
>  IPs of internal mail servers that organizations do not wish to reveal. So,
>  you often have to reduce this to the set of IP addresses that come before
>  the recipient's organization in order to make this data public.

	For larger organizations, you may pass through multiple different 
network blocks.  I submit that it won't be programmatically possible 
to detect and eliminate all of them.  IMO, the best you can hope to 
do is to avoid the last hop in the "Received:" headers, and anything 
else on that same network.

	And that's assuming that there isn't internally generated spam 
being sent by one customer of the ISP to another of the same ISP.

	Then there are RFC 1918 network blocks to be considered (or eliminated).


	I think it might be easier to solve this problem by comparing the 
"candidate spam" IP addresses against the "candidate ham" IP 
addresses, and see if there are any duplicates.  If there are, then 
they get removed from the "candidate spam" list (to try to avoid 
additional false positives).

>  There are many intricacies here. The SpamAssassin guys have experienced them
>  and within Spam Archive we've experienced them. It's just not as simple as
>  you initially thought. It's far from impossible, but just requires some
>  thoughtfulness. That is why I was outlining these three paths as potential
>  paths for individuals to spend some time pursuing.

	Indeed.  Lots of nuances.  And we've only started to begin to 
consider scratching the surface.


	Speaking of information sources, it strikes me that we might be 
able to get the complete archives of relatively large numbers of 
mailing lists, most of which should either have a high percentage of 
"ham", or be something that can be processed according to modern 
anti-spam methods and sorted into "candidate spam" vs. "candidate 
ham".

	For example, I know the listmaster at Apple, and he might be able 
to help us.  Through the mailman mailing list (which Chuq also helps 
to run), we might be able to get archives of other large sources, 
especially including any of the lists hosted at python.org.  I might 
also be able to dig up some contacts at AOL for their ListServ box.

	Would any of these information sources be of potential interest?

	I mean, we're talking mailing lists with cumulative hundreds of 
thousands and maybe even millions of users, which should result in 
extremely large quantities of messages that could potentially be 
examined.  Indeed, most of them are probably already publicly 
available via archives, it would just be a matter of getting more 
convenient access to them.

-- 
Brad Knowles, <brad.knowles@skynet.be>

"They that can give up essential liberty to obtain a little temporary
safety deserve neither liberty nor safety."
     -Benjamin Franklin, Historical Review of Pennsylvania.

GCS/IT d+(-) s:+(++)>: a C++(+++)$ UMBSHI++++$ P+>++ L+ !E-(---) W+++(--) N+
!w--- O- M++ V PS++(+++) PE- Y+(++) PGP>+++ t+(+++) 5++(+++) X++(+++) R+(+++)
tv+(+++) b+(++++) DI+(++++) D+(++) G+(++++) e++>++++ h--- r---(+++)* z(+++)

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Matt Sergeant and I have been working in fits and starts on a BCP for 
DNSBLs since before the FTC Spam Panel.  Matt is going to be redrafting 
this thing in BCP format over the weekend, but we thought it would be 
useful to post the guts as-is for comments.

This is POD format and contains some editorial commentary which'll be 
collapsed into the text eventually.  You may want to consider them 
discussion points.

=head1 Guidelines for DNS Blacklists

These guidelines are ideas for how a well run DNS blacklist might work. 
Some DNS blacklists are considered by this author to be too aggressive 
and too difficult to get out of, so we put together these guidelines to 
try and put together a set of best practices for how to run a DNS 
blacklist. Ultimately we hope to put together some software for running 
a large scale DNS blacklist in an open manner. We may also maintain a 
list of compliant blacklists.

=head1 The Guidelines

=head2 Truth in Advertising

The criteria for listing should be carefully described (on the 
blacklist's web site, see below).  You should be honest and never enter 
a listing that doesn't meet the criteria.

In other words, be direct and honest as to what the listing criteria 
are, and never mix in other entries.  No spite listings [Footnote 3].

=head2 Getting out of the list should be the reverse of getting in

If all things listed in your criteria for listing are cleared up then 
there should be no reason to not remove the IP address. No I<extra> 
rules for de-listing.

=head2 There should be a web page that I<only> details the listing criteria

Often DNS blacklists put their listing criteria mixed in with lots of 
technical information about using the blacklist. This can confuse end 
users, so a page on its own should be dedicated to detailing why the IP 
address was blacklisted.

=head2 Collateral damage should be a last resort

Extending a blocking to try and achieve action from the owning ISP 
should only be performed after contacting the owning ISP about the 
current block and requesting action, and waiting a reasonable delay for 
the ISP to fix the problem.

Any policy for collateral damage must be clearly documented on the L<< 
listing criteria|/There should be a web page that I<only> details the 
listing criteria >> page.

=head2 Listings should be temporary

Listings should all be temporary (suggested default listing period: 24 
hours L</Footnote1>) so that if your blacklist doesn't get around to 
removing the entry then it times out at some point in the future. For 
more aggressive spammers (e.g. those running their own ISP) the 
temporary period can be as much as 6 months, but we recommend no longer 
than that as at some point the IP address will change hands, likely 
going to a non-spammer.

=head2 There must be a direct non-public way to request removal

A removals email address should be listed on the blacklist's web site. 
This should be a direct email address and not a pointer to post on a 
newsgroup or on a public mailing list.

=head2 There should be a non-email way to request removal

We recommend providing a web form to allow removal requests. This is 
required because the removals address probably uses the blacklist that 
the user is trying to get out of. Bounces from the removals address 
should point to this web form if they possibly can.

=head2 Removals must be prompt

The preferred way of doing this is I<removal without question>. This 
allows people to ask and get their IP address removed immediately, but 
does not prevent the blacklist owner re-listing their IP address at a 
later time (subject to seeing more spam, or re-checking the IP address 
security). A re-listing due to a false removal request may result in a 
longer timeout (i.e. a penalty).

Assuming the above is not possible and no listing reasons remain, 
removal at anyone's request must be prompt. By this we mean within at 
least 3 days B<maximum>, but a period of less than 24 hours is preferred.

=head2 Removals must be possible in the absence of the list maintainer

If removals cannot be automated (via robot re-testing) then there should 
be multiple list maintainers so that a removal request can be processed 
if the list owner is on vacation or otherwise unavailable.

=head2 Audit Trail

A blacklist B<must> maintain an audit trail for all listings. The 
blacklist B<should> make this audit trail web accessible.

=head1 Security fault blacklists special rules

Some blacklists list IP addresses that are insecure in various ways 
(e.g. open relays, open proxies). These are some recommendations for 
these systems:

=head2 No automated probes

The blacklist will not automatically probe for insecure systems. The 
reason for this is that there is little agreement in the community as to 
whether or not this should be allowed. So we err on the side of caution.

Listing should therefore be "spam in hand" from a spamtrap address, or 
"email in hand" based on either a non-automated test, or a test 
instigated by receiving an email from the tested IP address.

=head2 Reasonable re-scan periods

If the blacklist uses re-scans to determine whether the listing should 
timeout or not, the re-scan period should be reasonable. Scanning should 
occur no more often than once every 24 hours (this fits in with the 
L<expiry period|/Listings should be temporary> above L</Footnote1>).

=head1 Footnotes

=head2 Footnote1

The default timeout and re-scan period of 24 hours is contentious here. 
I like the default timeout being 24 hours, but scanning IPs every 24 
hours is considered a bit too often by some. More input needed on this.

[CRL] For systems that do rescans, expiration is moot.  For systems that 
do not do rescans, expiration should probably be no more than a week or 
two past last "active spam indication" (ie: spamtrap hit).

Probably what we need to stress is that anybody doing subjective public 
blacklisting should have a spamtrap-like facility sufficiently large to 
make spamtrap hits likely for any continuous spamming activity to be 
noticed.

=head2 Footnote2

Default timeout of 24 hours is fine - for the first test.  Decrease the 
frequency of relaytests - and after a while (say 4..5 tests) block the 
IP for keeps, or till such time as its admin gets in touch.
   --srs

=head2 Footnote3

Unless spite listings is the raison-d'etre of the blacklist.  Seriously, 
there's nothing wrong with a blacklist doing this AS LONG AS this is 
clearly stated in the criteria.  But, if the blacklist is "open relays", 
it should be "open relays _only_" [CRL]


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From: Paul Judge <paul.judge@ciphertrust.com>
To: "'Richard Willey'" <richard_willey@symantec.com>,
        "'C Wegrzyn'"
	 <cwegrzyn@ibexprocess.com>
Cc: "'asrg@ietf.org'" <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: 6. Proposals for solutions - Use of encryption  (was RE: [Asrg] E
	ncryption technologies and SPAM)
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Date: Wed, 13 Aug 2003 15:48:21 -0400



> -----Original Message-----
> From: Richard Willey [mailto:richard_willey@symantec.com] 
> Sent: Wednesday, August 13, 2003 3:39 PM
> To: C Wegrzyn
> Cc: asrg@ietf.org
> Subject: Re: [Asrg] Encryption technologies and SPAM
> 
> 
> >I don't see why we need to tie encryption and spam control 
> together. I 
> >don't even see the first claim you make - why does encryption limit 
> >spam? Are you proposing we send only encrypted email?
> >
> >Chuck Wegrzyn
> 
> There have been a number of proposals on this list that 
> suggest that the 
> best way to limit SPAM is raise the cost of transmitting an 
> email.  In 
> some cases these proposals are based on a micropayment scheme.  Other 
> systems such as HashCash force the sender to "send" CPU cycles.  I am 
> simply suggesting that since the act of encryption costs CPU 
> cycles, an 
> encryption system might fulfill many of the same design 
> principles as a 
> system like Hashcash, while, at the same time providing a 
> privacy service.

Actually, this topic has been discussed many times on the list. Please see
the summary of mailing list discussions:
http://www.elan.net/~william/asrg/index.htm . Specifically, see section
6.I.C-E and 6.II.

Also, just a reminder to everyone that there are posting guidelines for the
mailing list: http://www.irtf.org/asrg/asrg_mailing_list_information.htm.
Use of the appropriate subjects helps make discussions easier to follow and
organize.

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From: Jason Steiner <jason@emptyexistence.com>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] 7. Best Practices - DNSBLs - Article
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Date: Wed, 13 Aug 2003 13:05:12 -0700

"Yakov Shafranovich" <research@solidmatrix.com>
> At 12:48 PM 8/12/2003, Jason Steiner wrote:
> >"Yakov Shafranovich" <research@solidmatrix.com>
> > >
> > > Any kind of auditing or control over the inner procedures of a
> black
> > > list would improve the situation.
> >
> >I dispute this. Blocklists have reputations, even if that reputation
> is
> >no reputation at all, and anyone who does a minimal amount of
> >research can find out what that reputation is. If you don't like a
> >blocklist's reputation, don't use it.
> 
> The problem is that mail administrators are so fed up with spam, they 
> choose blacklists based on their effectiveness, not reputation. 

Untrue. If this were the case, mail administrators would all just block
/0 and be done with it. That is, after all, the easiest and most effective 
way to stop 100% of spam. But of course, it's also silly.

Every mail administrator does a balancing act between stopping spam 
and allowing good mail through. Where they choose to strike that balance
varies, but we hardly need to tell them to do it.

> It would be much easier if ISPs would flag messages like SpamAssasin does with
> input  from DNSRBLs and then let the users decide.

Unfortunately, this doesn't scale. You still have to process the mail, which is
no trivial task given the sheer amount of spam sent.

> Within the consent framework relying on a single source of information is not 
> a good thing. The best thing is using multiple sources of information and then 
> letting the consent system decide what do with it.

Best from a convenience standpoint, certainly. But given limited resources
for handling mail and nearly unlimited resources for sending it (via millions of
unsecured proxies and worm-ridden machines) it's not best from a performance
standpoint.

A perfectly convenient system mailbombed to a standstill is no longer a perfectly
convenient system. You have to strike a balance between convenience and efficiency.

> Mail administrators should be aware of the need to investigate
> blocklists -  this is something for the BCPs.

Pardon my sarcasm, but mail administrators should also be aware of the 
need to chew before swallowing. Do we really need to put this in a BCP?

> Also, shedding some light on the inner
> working of a blocklist such as SPEWS.org, by a third party might make
> it easier for mail administrators to evaluate it.

How so? Anyone who does half an hour of research into SPEWS can 
figure out the salient points in regards to SPEWS. And if they can't
they shouldn't use it.

> The purpose of auditing is to make sure that the blocklist procedures 
> listed on their website are actually being followed. That's all - all
> we need to know is whether SPEWS.org or some other DNSRBL is actually
> listing and de-listing IPs based on the criteria that is mentioned on their 
> website. And if there is no such criteria, then the DNSRBL in question
> can write one based on whatever philosophy they want. Currently many people
> do not trust a closed no-contact DNSRBL to actually follow their own 
> procedures, but rather believe that a lot of listing/delisting
> procedures  are being done on a whim.

Great. So don't use that DNSBL. If that's your opinion of them, you don't
need a third party to increase your distrust. 

> If you operate a DNSRBL, then disclose your inner procedures and
> actually follow them.

Or don't. It's only your reputation. You can run a DNSBL by consulting
tarot cards if you like. Or by some totally secret means known only to
yourself. Admins will judge it by the results.

> IF for whatever reasons you do not want to do so, then have someone
> else audit your procedures and let them vouch for you.

Maybe I don't really care if anyone vouches for me. Maybe my list is
primarily for my own personal use and only published as an afterthought.
If others find it useful, great, and if not, that's great too.

jason


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Subject: Re: [Asrg] 7. Best Practices - DNSBLs - Article
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Yakov Shafranovich wrote:

> Chris, can you provide some information on DNSBLs and how your system 
> evaluates their effectiveness?

Taking the second part first:

1) Our false positive process involves having the sender contact a 
specific address, and that will contain a "block ID" from the message 
rejection.  Using the block identifier, we can retrieve the message, and 
identify _why_ it was blocked (may not be DNSBL).  Then, if it's a 
DNSBL, we can locally whitelist the IP.

2) Our metrics scan the logs and identify block/unblock counts for all 
messages by IP.  During metrics processing, we generate tables of how 
much email a given blacklist blocked, _plus_ how many email messages 
_would_ have been blocked by that blacklist, but weren't because they 
were whitelisted.

Thus, for each blacklist, we generate:

a) how many emails were blocked, and the percentage of total inbound it 
represents.
b) how many emails had to be whitelisted for that blacklist, and what 
percentage of the emails blocked by that blacklist it represents.

Note that the latter (b) isn't _really_ a "lost email" metric (to us). 
Those messages weren't lost, they got through because we whitelist.  But 
it's a good FP metric.

Basically coming up with a "blocking percentage" and a "whitelisted" 
percentage for each blacklist.

Here's our overall effectiveness metrics - last two week period - 
percentages are of _total_ email to our inbound mail servers.

This is meant merely as a demonstration of what significant site 
_should_ be doing with metrics from their own filtering, not an 
exhaustive list of all DNSBLs, or what others see.

Due to the variety of DNSBLs, it's very difficult to generate overall 
metrics for all.  Without zone transfering the DNSBL for example, it's 
too slow to measure it with reasonable sample sizes.

The counts are _all_ total recipients affected.  So, a single email with 
5 recipients counts as 5.

Rule                        count     %       FPs  % of blocked
CBL                        352153  16.86       7   0.0020
MONKEYPROXY                261436  12.52      83   0.0317
CONTENT                    260391  12.47     N/A
BOPM                       167277   8.01       0   0
OSsocks                    152168   7.29       0   0
SPEWS (not used)            94285   4.51     N/A
NTthresh                    54233   2.60      27   0.0498
SBL                         47614   2.28     156   0.3276
NTmanual                    45366   2.17    2955   6.5137
NTauto                      25094   1.20      12   0.0478
OBproxies                   21068   1.01      18   0.0854
PDL                         16547   0.79     N/A
NTnordns                     5814   0.28       0
Flonetwork                    229   0.01       0

[The below numbers are whitelisted recipients per associated BL, as a 
percentage of the total inbound, not of blocks per-se.  "OK" is _total_ 
whitelisting entries, whether or not the whitelisting is still necessary]:

OK                          36770   1.76
OK SBL                        156   0.01
OK OBproxies                   18   0.00
OK NTthresh                    27   0.00
OK NTmanual                  2955   0.14
OK CBL                          7   0.00
OK NTauto                      12   0.00
OK MONKEYPROXY                 83   0.00

TOTAL                     2088400 100.00
TOTAL BLOCK                571850  27.38

Ie: out of 2088400 attempted deliveries, 352153 (16.86%) were blocked by 
the CBL.  Only 7 messages (0.0020% of 352153) would have been blocked if 
we weren't whitelisting.

Some notes:

"CONTENT" is the union of all of our non-DNSBL based.  Our system 
doesn't let us compute FPs on that directly.

BOPM, Monkeys, OSSocks, OBproxies are third party open proxy/socks 
blacklists.  The first three are public.

CBL is more-or-less an open proxy/socks blacklist (see cbl.abuseat.org)

SBL is Spamhaus.

NTmanual is local manual black/whitelist (the high FP rate is perfectly 
okay because those are whitelisted, and it's under our control)

NTnordns is "spam over threshold, no rDNS" (AOL does this now)

NTthresh is "spam over threshold, listed in ORDB or SpamCop"
NTauto is local open relay/proxy detector.

Our system doesn't let us compute FPs on BLs we don't use, so we don't 
have the number for SPEWs.

PDL (DHCP pools) does block occasional legitimate email, but, by policy 
we don't want email from DHCP pools.  So we don't whitelist it - we get 
the sender to either use their proper mail servers, or get PDL to update 
the entry if it's erroneous.  Whitelisting would be silly if the entry 
was accurate, because the IP can essentially be random.

Flonetwork: zone listing doubleclick/dartmail/flonetwork.  No, we 
_really_ don't want email from them, period.

If someone wants subjective commentary on the public DNSBLs (ie: 
proposed BCP compliance), let me know.

> Some information in this area would be useful as well.

there's been a few of those posted.


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To: "Chris Lewis" <clewis@nortelnetworks.com>
From: Brad Knowles <brad.knowles@skynet.be>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 7. Best Practices - DNSBLs
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Date: Wed, 13 Aug 2003 22:34:55 +0200

At 3:59 PM -0400 2003/08/13, Chris Lewis wrote:

>  =head2 Listings should be temporary
>
>  Listings should all be temporary (suggested default listing period:
>  24 hours L</Footnote1>) so that if your blacklist doesn't get around
>  to removing the entry then it times out at some point in the future.

	Fine, but if the entry is removed and then you discover reason to 
put it back again (maybe because of a re-scan, or whatever), then the 
next timeout should be longer.

	I'd recommend something like a bounded exponential backoff.

>  =head2 Reasonable re-scan periods
>
>  If the blacklist uses re-scans to determine whether the listing
>  should timeout or not, the re-scan period should be reasonable.

	Again, I'd recommend bounded exponential backoff.

	Moreover, I think I'd probably move someone from the "confirmed" 
list to the "probationary" list immediately, then investigate their 
claims of being cleaned up.  They might have to stay on the 
probationary list for a while before I'd be willing to let them off 
completely.  If they ever came back, they'd stay on the main list a 
lot longer, have to stay on the probationary list a lot longer the 
next time they claim to be cleaned-up, etc....


	Other than that, it seems to be reasonable.  I look forward to 
seeing an expanded version that details tools and methods that can be 
used to run a real-world black list.

-- 
Brad Knowles, <brad.knowles@skynet.be>

"They that can give up essential liberty to obtain a little temporary
safety deserve neither liberty nor safety."
     -Benjamin Franklin, Historical Review of Pennsylvania.

GCS/IT d+(-) s:+(++)>: a C++(+++)$ UMBSHI++++$ P+>++ L+ !E-(---) W+++(--) N+
!w--- O- M++ V PS++(+++) PE- Y+(++) PGP>+++ t+(+++) 5++(+++) X++(+++) R+(+++)
tv+(+++) b+(++++) DI+(++++) D+(++) G+(++++) e++>++++ h--- r---(+++)* z(+++)

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Brad Knowles wrote:

> At 3:59 PM -0400 2003/08/13, Chris Lewis wrote:
> 
>>  =head2 Listings should be temporary
>>
>>  Listings should all be temporary (suggested default listing period:
>>  24 hours L</Footnote1>) so that if your blacklist doesn't get around
>>  to removing the entry then it times out at some point in the future.
> 
> 
>     Fine, but if the entry is removed and then you discover reason to 
> put it back again (maybe because of a re-scan, or whatever), then the 
> next timeout should be longer.
> 
>     I'd recommend something like a bounded exponential backoff.

A bit further down:

=head2 Removals must be prompt

The preferred way of doing this is I<removal without question>. This 
allows people to ask and get their IP address removed immediately, but 
does not prevent the blacklist owner re-listing their IP address at a 
later time (subject to seeing more spam, or re-checking the IP address 
security). A re-listing due to a false removal request may result in a 
longer timeout (i.e. a penalty).

Covers that.  Agree tho, should mention "bounded exponential backoff". 
I've fudged the original a bit.

>     Moreover, I think I'd probably move someone from the "confirmed" 
> list to the "probationary" list immediately, then investigate their 
> claims of being cleaned up.  They might have to stay on the probationary 
> list for a while before I'd be willing to let them off completely.  If 
> they ever came back, they'd stay on the main list a lot longer, have to 
> stay on the probationary list a lot longer the next time they claim to 
> be cleaned-up, etc...

We prefer an instant removal and relist upon subsequent re-detection or 
re-test.  Tho, a delay algorithm on removal (initially zero) is reasonable.

>     Other than that, it seems to be reasonable.  I look forward to 
> seeing an expanded version that details tools and methods that can be 
> used to run a real-world black list.

I don't think BCPs should get too specific about methods/tools - 
especially because they're often obsoleted quickly. It's important to 
get the principles laid out.



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Brad Knowles wrote:

> At 11:56 AM -0400 2003/08/13, Paul Judge wrote:
> 
>>  2. As you mentioned, with blacklists you need the list of IP 
>> addresses. The
>>  problem is that the list of IP addresses in the headers will often 
>> include
>>  IPs of internal mail servers that organizations do not wish to 
>> reveal. So,
>>  you often have to reduce this to the set of IP addresses that come 
>> before
>>  the recipient's organization in order to make this data public.

>     For larger organizations, you may pass through multiple different 
> network blocks.  I submit that it won't be programmatically possible to 
> detect and eliminate all of them.  IMO, the best you can hope to do is 
> to avoid the last hop in the "Received:" headers, and anything else on 
> that same network.

A person in a position to deliver a large HAM corpus should be able to 
do MUCH better than that.  For example, have a listing of your inward 
email gateways, and programmatically pull out just the IPs of the 
machines talking to your inward gateways (source IPs in the Received 
lines inserted by the gateways).

We have it really easy.  Our inward gateways insert a X-SMTP-PEER-INFO 
header with IP (and rDNS if available).

[In case it's not obvious, I'm not a fan of having inward filters block 
on previous Received lines.  Just on the address of the machine talking 
to us.]

As a much bigger issue, the mangling that MOST client software does on 
forwards makes any sort of analysis on email that's been through a 
client very difficult.  We do virtually no analysis of human-forwarded 
email (other than looking for the X-SMTP-PEER-INFO header if they've 
managed to include it). We tried more.  Gave up.



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Date: Wed, 13 Aug 2003 18:07:07 -0400
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Bob Atkinson wrote:

> While I readily and heartily agree that the more concrete the data the
> better, the diversity and global scope of the interviews I've seen
> (e.g.: some from New Zealand, some from Korea, in addition to several US
> sources) and the specifics of the spammers' quotes therein make it
> difficult to hold as plausible the scenario that the reporters are
> cribbing from each other.

I think the spammers are cribbing from each other, and relatively little 
of it bears any resemblance to reality.

Such as when Ronald Scelson or Jef Slaton said how much they were 
making.  They are/were in reality both in the middle of bankruptcy 
proceedings.  Canter was evading process servers, and trying to get a 
programming job.

All of the marketers at the FTC spam panel said "we don't do X" (where X 
was one or more of spamming, forgeries, porn etc.).  Many of them were 
lying through their teeth.

Betterly was saying "we only send stuff to people who asked for it".
How come we got just as many complaints about her stuff as we got from 
Stubberfield's horse porn? (quiet you! ;-)


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From: "Bob Atkinson" <bobatk@exchange.microsoft.com>
To: "Barry Shein" <bzs@world.std.com>,
        "Yakov Shafranovich" <research@solidmatrix.com>
Cc: "Dave Aronson" <dja2003@hotpop.com>, <asrg@ietf.org>
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It's good to be wary, but from the baker's dozen or so of spammer
interviews I've recently seen that have useful figures in them there's a
surprising amount of consistency. Certainly enough to be able to glean
useful ballparks of, e.g., click-through or conversion rates and profit
per sale.

Indeed, if anything I suspect that spammers tend to brag here (but not
much) more than they tend to dissemble in the other direction, leading
to the fact that the numbers they let drop can be considered
conservative in what it takes to make them unprofitable.

The Iraqi playing card article, btw, can (or could) be found at any of
the following (be aware though that there's some errors in the
arithmetic on the part of the reporter):

=09
http://news.spamcop.net/pipermail/spamcop-list/2003-June/046051.html
	http://www.nytimes.com/2003/06/09/technology/09CARD.html
	http://www.iht.com/articles/99019.html
	http://www.naplesnews.com/03/06/business/d855876a.htm

(Ya gotta love Google :-)

	Bob

-----Original Message-----
From: ... Barry Shein
Sent: Thursday, June 26, 2003 2:44 PM

..

I just have a little trouble believing what a marketeer tells a news
reporter about how great business is, particularly when they figure
they might have an interest.



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To: "Chris Lewis" <clewis@nortelnetworks.com>
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Date: Thu, 14 Aug 2003 00:45:35 +0200

At 5:30 PM -0400 2003/08/13, Chris Lewis wrote:

>  Agree tho, should mention "bounded exponential backoff". I've fudged
>  the original a bit.

	You don't necessarily have to mention "bounded exponential 
backoff" per se.  Maybe better would be to say that the method should 
be adaptive, with increasingly longer timeouts for repeat offenses. 
You could then mention "bounded exponential backoff" as one example 
of such a method.

-- 
Brad Knowles, <brad.knowles@skynet.be>

"They that can give up essential liberty to obtain a little temporary
safety deserve neither liberty nor safety."
     -Benjamin Franklin, Historical Review of Pennsylvania.

GCS/IT d+(-) s:+(++)>: a C++(+++)$ UMBSHI++++$ P+>++ L+ !E-(---) W+++(--) N+
!w--- O- M++ V PS++(+++) PE- Y+(++) PGP>+++ t+(+++) 5++(+++) X++(+++) R+(+++)
tv+(+++) b+(++++) DI+(++++) D+(++) G+(++++) e++>++++ h--- r---(+++)* z(+++)

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Subject: Re: [Asrg] 7. Best Practices - DNSBLs
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Date: Wed, 13 Aug 2003 18:52:49 -0400

At 3:59 PM -0400 8/13/03, Chris Lewis wrote:

>=head2 Truth in Advertising
>
>The criteria for listing should be carefully described (on the 
>blacklist's web site, see below).  You should be honest and never 
>enter a listing that doesn't meet the criteria.
>
>In other words, be direct and honest as to what the listing criteria 
>are, and never mix in other entries.  No spite listings [Footnote 3].

I think this may need expansion to make it clear that accuracy is 
required, not precision. See CBL for an example of an accurate but 
not precise description of listing criteria.

>=head1 Security fault blacklists special rules
>
>Some blacklists list IP addresses that are insecure in various ways 
>(e.g. open relays, open proxies). These are some recommendations for 
>these systems:
>
>=head2 No automated probes
>
>The blacklist will not automatically probe for insecure systems. The 
>reason for this is that there is little agreement in the community 
>as to whether or not this should be allowed. So we err on the side 
>of caution.
>
>Listing should therefore be "spam in hand" from a spamtrap address, 
>or "email in hand" based on either a non-automated test, or a test 
>instigated by receiving an email from the tested IP address.
>
>=head2 Reasonable re-scan periods
>
>If the blacklist uses re-scans to determine whether the listing 
>should timeout or not, the re-scan period should be reasonable. 
>Scanning should occur no more often than once every 24 hours (this 
>fits in with the L<expiry period|/Listings should be temporary> 
>above L</Footnote1>).

I think there needs to be something to address the very real problem 
of destructive scanning. At various points in the past few years 
(notably with ORBZ and with the phase of the attack on a.r.s that 
used open Wingate proxies) the 'white hat' folks have been seen to 
use probes that take down targets. For SMTP relay testing this is a 
multifaceted problem because in some cases (i.e. some versions of 
Notes) it is only machines that do not relay which are crashed, and 
in many cases machines that accept a test message as a result of some 
relay test trick end up ricocheting the message internally until it 
lands in a double-bounce mailbox, and even today some of those are 
human-managed.

If there's going to be a de facto blessing of unauthorized security 
testing at all (I'm quite negative on that entire idea) it seems to 
me that it should at least define a clear and precise boundary on 
those tests. If it is a bad thing for a spammer to use an email 
address he does not own as SMTP sender, can it be justified by the 
claim that one is not spamming but testing (without permission)
a machine that may well end up accepting the 'test' and then bouncing 
it to someone who is neither spamming nor operating a system that 
facilitates spamming?

I realize that a requirement to hold to a strict ethical standard in 
SMTP relay testing is a requirement to not try tricks that spammers 
could and even do use, so it means that a negative result is quite 
uncertain.
-- 
Bill Cole                                  
bill@scconsult.com


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To: "Bob Atkinson" <bobatk@exchange.microsoft.com>
From: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>
Subject: 2. Spam Analysis - Economics (was Re: spammer economics; was:
  RE: [Asrg] hiring challenge responders)
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Date: Wed, 13 Aug 2003 19:50:09 -0400

Take into account the use of hijacked computers and the whole economics 
model is blown to bits since using those computers does not incur any cost. 
Combine that with the 70% figure provided by MessageLabs for use of 
hijacked computers and we are all in deep trouble.

Just a side note, please follow the posting guidelines and include the item 
number and subject in the subject line. The posting guidelines can be found at:

http://www.irtf.org/asrg/asrg_mailing_list_information.htm

At 04:50 PM 8/12/2003, Bob Atkinson wrote:
>It's good to be wary, but from the baker's dozen or so of spammer
>interviews I've recently seen that have useful figures in them there's a
>surprising amount of consistency. Certainly enough to be able to glean
>useful ballparks of, e.g., click-through or conversion rates and profit
>per sale.
>
>Indeed, if anything I suspect that spammers tend to brag here (but not
>much) more than they tend to dissemble in the other direction, leading
>to the fact that the numbers they let drop can be considered
>conservative in what it takes to make them unprofitable.
>
>The Iraqi playing card article, btw, can (or could) be found at any of
>the following (be aware though that there's some errors in the
>arithmetic on the part of the reporter):
>
>
>http://news.spamcop.net/pipermail/spamcop-list/2003-June/046051.html
>         http://www.nytimes.com/2003/06/09/technology/09CARD.html
>         http://www.iht.com/articles/99019.html
>         http://www.naplesnews.com/03/06/business/d855876a.htm
>
>(Ya gotta love Google :-)
>
>         Bob
>
>-----Original Message-----
>From: ... Barry Shein
>Sent: Thursday, June 26, 2003 2:44 PM
>
>..
>
>I just have a little trouble believing what a marketeer tells a news
>reporter about how great business is, particularly when they figure
>they might have an interest.
>
>
>
>_______________________________________________
>Asrg mailing list
>Asrg@ietf.org
>https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg


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To: Andrew Akehurst <A.D.Akehurst-99@student.lboro.ac.uk>
From: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 4d. Consent Framework - Protocols and Formats (was
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At 12:37 PM 8/13/2003, Andrew Akehurst wrote:

> >>..........
> >> I'm willing to volunteer to help draft such a standard, in line
> >> with Section 2.6 of the Consent Framework. Who wants to help?
>..........
> > Can you be more specific as to what you wish to work on? Below is the
> > relevant section from the consent framework document. Keep in mind th=
at
> > Eric Dean's CRI protocol for connecting C/R systems together is relev=
ant
> > to 2.5, item #2 (protocols for sharing consent tokens).
> >
> > Before defining a protocol to exchange consent information, we need t=
o
> > define how consent is expressed in machine-readable form. This requir=
es
> > taking care of all the the items in 2.6 before moving on to the
> > protocols.
>
>I'm interested in creating a machine-readable format for
>expressing consent policy. Clearly this is a pre-requisite to
>defining protocols, because a protocol needs to have some data
>to exchange.
>
>Starting from the consent framework document:
>
> > 2.6. Formats.
> >
> > [Ed. We need to define:
> > 1. Language and format for CONSENT AND SCOPE RULES
> > 2. Format for CONSENT POLICIES.
> > 3. Format for CONSENT TOKENS.
> > ]
>
>A few definitions to remind ourselves...
>
> > CONSENT POLICY =A1 a set of CONSENT RULES and SCOPE rules for
> >   a specific RECEIVER
>
> > CONSENT TOKEN =A1 a piece of data that is used by the POLICY
> >   ENFORCEMENT COMPONENT to grant or revoke CONSENT based on
> >   the CONSENT POLICY
>
> > SCOPE RULES =A1 rules defining how CONSENT POLICIES are shared
>
>I see the requirements for such a format as being:
>
>- it should be capable of being efficiently parsed by a machine.
>   The grammar should not be ambiguous if possible
>
>- it should be relatively easy for a human being to read.
>   This will aid debugging of protocol design and also allow
>   advanced users to write their own policy by hand
>
>- it should be extensible, because new ways of detecting
>   spam will arise in future, possible involving new types of
>   rule or new consent token formats. This will allow some
>   adaptation when spammers change their tactics
>
>If anyone wishes to suggest additional requirements, please do.
>
>Once we get the requirements agreed, I have a list of other
>things I'd like to iron out, starting with some definitions
>of scopes and policy enforcement decisions.

Take a look at the mailing list archive (gmane.org), there were a few=20
articles with links to a bunch of XML formats that can be used as a basis=
=20
or as an example for us. Also, I think basis this on XML should be a=20
requirement as well.

Yakov=20


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To: "Chris Lewis" <clewis@nortelnetworks.com>, Asrg@ietf.org
From: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 7. Best Practices - DNSBLs
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Date: Wed, 13 Aug 2003 19:59:30 -0400

At 03:59 PM 8/13/2003, Chris Lewis wrote:

>.................
>=head2 Collateral damage should be a last resort
>
>Extending a blocking to try and achieve action from the owning ISP should 
>only be performed after contacting the owning ISP about the current block 
>and requesting action, and waiting a reasonable delay for the ISP to fix 
>the problem.
>
>Any policy for collateral damage must be clearly documented on the L<< 
>listing criteria|/There should be a web page that I<only> details the 
>listing criteria >> page.
>............

Some DNSRBLs work on policy level - listing ISPs that support spammers, 
listing modem pools, etc. What do we do about them? 


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To: Jason Steiner <jason@emptyexistence.com>, asrg@ietf.org
From: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] 7. Best Practices - DNSBLs - Article
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Date: Wed, 13 Aug 2003 20:05:47 -0400

At 04:05 PM 8/13/2003, Jason Steiner wrote:
>"Yakov Shafranovich" <research@solidmatrix.com>
> > At 12:48 PM 8/12/2003, Jason Steiner wrote:
> > >"Yakov Shafranovich" <research@solidmatrix.com>
>...............
> > Within the consent framework relying on a single source of information 
> is not
> > a good thing. The best thing is using multiple sources of information 
> and then
> > letting the consent system decide what do with it.
>
>Best from a convenience standpoint, certainly. But given limited resources
>for handling mail and nearly unlimited resources for sending it (via 
>millions of
>unsecured proxies and worm-ridden machines) it's not best from a performance
>standpoint.
>
>A perfectly convenient system mailbombed to a standstill is no longer a 
>perfectly
>convenient system. You have to strike a balance between convenience and 
>efficiency.

Correct, the mail administrator would be left to decide that balance by 
choosing which systems to use, how the consent system is configured, etc. A 
consent system can use a single DNSRBL and SpamAssasin, just as well as 
multiple DNSRBLs. All of these decisions would be left up to the 
implementors and administrators. I am not suggesting that a consent system 
should use ALL available sources, just more then one. Two DNSRBLs or a 
DNSRBL combined with a filter might be better than relying on SPEWS.org or 
some other DNSRBL as a sole source of information. Decisions on spam should 
not be based on a single source alone.

Yakov



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To: "Peter Kay" <peter@titankey.com>, <asrg@ietf.org>
From: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] RE: 2.a.1 Analysis of Actual Spam Data - Titan Key 
      re duces spam attacks
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Date: Wed, 13 Aug 2003 20:07:01 -0400

At 12:07 PM 8/13/2003, Peter Kay wrote:
>Ok everyone, its decision time.
>..........
>
>Our resident statistician, Terry Sullivan, basically says that the
>amount of noise on the data and the variances in spam make it difficult
>if not impossible to statistically prove the above unless the effect of
>the hard bounces is huge. And if the effect is so huge, why hasn't it
>already been figured out?
>..........

Wouldn't this apply to ALL anti-spam research efforts not just this one? 


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Hey man, I'm just reporting, not passing judgement :), nor, might I add,
agreeing/disagreeing.=20




> -----Original Message-----
> From: Yakov Shafranovich [mailto:research@solidmatrix.com]=20
> Sent: Wednesday, August 13, 2003 2:07 PM
> To: Peter Kay; asrg@ietf.org
> Subject: RE: [Asrg] RE: 2.a.1 Analysis of Actual Spam Data -=20
> Titan Key re duces spam attacks
>=20
>=20
> At 12:07 PM 8/13/2003, Peter Kay wrote:
> >Ok everyone, its decision time.
> >..........
> >
> >Our resident statistician, Terry Sullivan, basically says that the=20
> >amount of noise on the data and the variances in spam make=20
> it difficult=20
> >if not impossible to statistically prove the above unless=20
> the effect of=20
> >the hard bounces is huge. And if the effect is so huge, why=20
> hasn't it=20
> >already been figured out? ..........
>=20
> Wouldn't this apply to ALL anti-spam research efforts not=20
> just this one?=20
>=20
>=20
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg
>=20
>=20
>=20



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Date: Wed, 13 Aug 2003 21:37:48 -0400

At 07:54 PM 8/13/2003 -0400, Yakov Shafranovich wrote:
>At 12:37 PM 8/13/2003, Andrew Akehurst wrote:
>
>> >>..........
>> >> I'm willing to volunteer to help draft such a standard, in line
>> >> with Section 2.6 of the Consent Framework. Who wants to help?
>>..........
>> > Can you be more specific as to what you wish to work on? Below is the
>> > relevant section from the consent framework document. Keep in mind that
>> > Eric Dean's CRI protocol for connecting C/R systems together is relevant
>> > to 2.5, item #2 (protocols for sharing consent tokens).
>> >
>> > Before defining a protocol to exchange consent information, we need to
>> > define how consent is expressed in machine-readable form. This requires
>> > taking care of all the the items in 2.6 before moving on to the
>> > protocols.
>>
>>I'm interested in creating a machine-readable format for
>>expressing consent policy. Clearly this is a pre-requisite to
>>defining protocols, because a protocol needs to have some data
>>to exchange.

<snip>

>Take a look at the mailing list archive (gmane.org), there were a few 
>articles with links to a bunch of XML formats that can be used as a basis 
>or as an example for us. Also, I think basis this on XML should be a 
>requirement as well.
>
>Yakov

I think I suggested a number of XML structures for this, and I have a 
pretty good feel for where I was headed with that effort, and I still think 
XML is likely to be the best route. If the group feels this is a good 
direction I would be willing to try and flesh out some examples and 
specifications.

I recommend that we create an example that shows a hypothetical 
implementation and then solicit comments. We will use the comments to 
refine the example (replete with comments explaining what we've done and 
why). When the example stabilizes we can write a complete specification 
from that.

This is sort of like watching where the grass wears out around a campus and 
then pouring the  sidewalks over the worn out paths.

_M



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Quoting david nicol <davidnicol@pay2send.com>:
> 
> I believe that any solution that required the whole world
> to play along for the solution to work is fundamentally flawed.

That seems quite reasonable.
 
> I think that the 400 and 500 error codes are sufficient,
> and there is no need to broadcast your reception preferences.

Broadcasting preferences involves a lot of synchronisation effort and a lot of 
data, I doubt many people would advocate that. However transmitting a consent 
policy to one or two systems such as the MTA(s) of your ISP might make some 
difference as it could help to enforce the policy further "upstream" from the 
receiver. It's a possibility.

> The pay2send.com system currently uses a form on a web page for
> describing the list of what messages to accept.
> 
> Please take a moment to test it?  

I've signed up for the system and I'll decide what I think.

Andrew

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From: Matt Sergeant <msergeant@startechgroup.co.uk>
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On Thursday, Aug 14, 2003, at 00:50 Europe/London, Yakov Shafranovich 
wrote:

> Take into account the use of hijacked computers and the whole 
> economics model is blown to bits since using those computers does not 
> incur any cost. Combine that with the 70% figure provided by 
> MessageLabs for use of hijacked computers and we are all in deep 
> trouble.

The majority of the hijacked computer sent spam we see is just plain 
old open proxies. Using an open proxy doesn't give you any extra 
bandwidth, it's just an anonymising tool.

Matt.


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>> Take a look at the mailing list archive (gmane.org), there were a few 
>> articles with links to a bunch of XML formats that can be used as a
>> basis or as an example for us. Also, I think basis this on XML should 
>> be a requirement as well.

> I think I suggested a number of XML structures for this, and I have a 
> pretty good feel for where I was headed with that effort, and I still
> think XML is likely to be the best route. If the group feels this is 
> a good direction I would be willing to try and flesh out some examples
> and specifications.

I quite like XML, although I know some people like Gordon really 
don't like it. However the nice thing about XML is that it's widely
known, easily readable by both humans and machines and there are 
existing XML parser libraries for just about every programming
language available which leaves plenty of choice for implementation.

> I recommend that we create an example that shows a hypothetical 
> implementation and then solicit comments. We will use the comments to 
> refine the example (replete with comments explaining what we've done and
> why). When the example stabilizes we can write a complete specification
> from that.
>
> This is sort of like watching where the grass wears out around a campus
> and then pouring the  sidewalks over the worn out paths.

That seems like a good way to proceed. I found some of your previous
posts on the topic. I might be tempted to haggle about the syntax of
some of the examples, but the general thing that seems to come out 
of it is that we need (as a minimum):

 - definitions of tests against which to match messages

 - definitions of different policy enforcement actions which 
   can be taken for incoming messages

 - a set of policy statements which map a combination of tests
   onto a policy enforcement action

Obviously there will be some scope issues with each of these areas,
although I'm not yet convinced that "scopes" are first-class 
objects in their own right.

Some tests and policy decisions might be considered so fundamental 
that all compliant implementations are required to support them.
Others might include definitions which point to external programs
to allow extensibility.

For example, a test to see if an e-mail contains HTML Javascript
constructs might be required by the standard, whereas a test to
see if the sender's IP address is listed in a particular commercial
DNSBL might be provided by an external program.

Just an example of course, but this goes back to what you (Pete)
said back in this posting:

http://www1.ietf.org/mail-archive/working-groups/asrg/current/msg06588.html

  "Some of the tests should be on the _MUST IMPLEMENT_ list for a
   compliant system. Specifically those that are "well known" and 
   defined by this group (and the group(s) that eventually manage
   and contribute to a [consent definition language])."

If we can create a few good examples then those will suggest some
of these "well known" tests and policy actions.

I'll have a think about some possible examples of my own, and we
can compare examples/syntax ideas.

Thanks

Andrew

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On Thursday, Aug 14, 2003, at 00:59 Europe/London, Yakov Shafranovich=20
wrote:

>> =3Dhead2 Collateral damage should be a last resort
>>
>> Extending a blocking to try and achieve action from the owning ISP=20
>> should only be performed after contacting the owning ISP about the=20
>> current block and requesting action, and waiting a reasonable delay=20=

>> for the ISP to fix the problem.
>>
>> Any policy for collateral damage must be clearly documented on the=20
>> L<< listing criteria|/There should be a web page that I<only> details=20=

>> the listing criteria >> page.
>> ............
>
> Some DNSRBLs work on policy level - listing ISPs that support=20
> spammers, listing modem pools, etc. What do we do about them?

I assume you mean SPEWS. It's a tricky question, because technically=20
SPEWS listing ISPs supporting spammers isn't collateral damage to them=20=

- that's their entire raison d'=E9tre and would be covered by "Truth in=20=

advertising". What the above section really applies to is lists like=20
the SBL, who have an escalation policy to try and take action against=20
particular spammers.

But maybe Chris has a different take on it.

Matt.=


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>> If there were a standard for expressing and communicating such
>> policies, it would allow any MUA to communicate policy with any
>> compliant MTA. Then far more people would have the benefit of
>> using such a system.
>>
>> I'm willing to volunteer to help draft such a standard, in line
>> with Section 2.6 of the Consent Framework. Who wants to help?

> If you're proposing to draft a protocol which allows individual
> block and pass prefrences to be expressed and passed freely around the
> network I'd be very interested.

As per my latest posting, my interest is primarily in the format to
express a consent policy. We will need people to work on a protocol
to exchange such policies (and consent tokens for them) as well.

For now I think we need to work on the format for expressing the
policy, otherwise such protocols will have nothing to exchange. But
unless the volume of posts becomes too big I expect we'll keep it
all on-list, so feel free to join in at whichever stage interests
you most.

> It seems to me that if we had a means by which a sending MTA could
> request such profile from the receiving MTA before sending it has the
> potential to drastically cut down spam.

This is an idea which has been discussed before on the list. Some
people objected on the grounds that a spammer using a compromised
MTA might scan people's personal consent policy to see how to
produce messages which will slip through the recipient's filters.

Other people might prefer the idea of partial disclosure: only
allowing certain MTAs to query the policy, or only allowing a subset
of the policy to be disclosed.

It's potentially a useful feature for reducing traffic but it may
be open to abuse by spammers, so it's a little controversial.

> I'd like to see several layers to this, though they are all pretty much
> the same in operation but differentiated by scope.
>
> I'd like MUA's to be able to forward their policy to the incoming
> POP/IMAP server, this would then be available to be queried by delibery
> agents, and hence get into the SMTP network.

I must admit, I do like the idea of sending my policy to my ISP's
incoming mail server. At the very least this would allow them to
block spam on my behalf, saving me the need to download useless
messages which I'll only have to delete or locally filter anyway.

> I'd like server level "blanket" policy to be expressable, and varying
> degrees of domain, sub-domain and user groups to also be specified,
> such that a sender MTA can build up a set of rules imposed by various
> *organisational* levels of the recipent's network admin.

So far most of the discussion I've seen has centered around the idea
that the "recipient is king", much of it has been about the
recipient's personal consent policy.

Of course from the MTA administrator's point of view, they need to
protect their network from massive abuse. And of course it is the
right of the organisation to block whatever traffic it chooses from
its own network. Some people might be against the idea of additional
filtering over and above the personal consent policy of the
recipient, although I can understand why such filtering may be
necessary in practice.

My "gut-feeling" is that the consent policy of an individual
recipient is distinct from the organisation's network abuse policy
although there is likely to be some overlap between what annoys an
admin and what bothers their end-users.

Some might say that administrative filtering is more within the
scope of a BCP rather than a standard. I'm not sure either way.

> Then any sender will be able to impose the rules before transport, and
> the recipient will be able to apply them after and still benefit from
> any saving made by having some mail delivery never even attempted.

This is an interesting approach. It suggests the idea of two protocols
(or maybe one protocol used for two different purposes):

 - for sending personal consent policy to the ISP's MTA
 - for a sending MTA to query a remote MTA's policy details

The latter is likely to be the more controversial.

> I have access to MTA software to experiment with, and a first hand
> knowledge of the implementation of many existing mail RFC's.

Excellent, we need some people who are in a position to try out any
proposed solutions. It's early days yet but that's why we need to
move things forward. Once we get some standards drafted we can try
them out and then feed back the results into improving such standards.


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From: "Tom Thomson" <tthomson@neosinteractive.com>
To: "Peter Kay" <peter@titankey.com>, <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] RE: 2.a.1 Analysis of Actual Spam Data - Titan Key      re duces spam attacks
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I'm not convinced that the noise factor is so great that we can't get any
useful information out of analysis.  What I am sure of is that if that
argument wins this time and this line of enquiry is dropped as a result,
then most (maybe all) other lines of enquiry will go the same way.  Until we
have some measurements (quite a lot of measurements) we don't really know
how big the noise factor is.  Your original less than 100 days of data
looked pretty noisy but all sorts of techniques are available for smoothing
away noise; until there's enough dta, we don't know whether those techniques
will prevail in the current case.

An experimental approach would be to set up a number of email accounts and
give them different degrees of exposure (some with repeated on-going
exposure, some with initial exposure but no repeated exposure, some with
exposure through "respectable" mailing lists only and some with exposure
through "non-respectable" lists, some with newsgroup exposure (again
"respectable" and "non-respectable"), and so on covering quite a lot of
variations in exposure and a good mix of combinations of exposure.  Then
tyere's a need for a large number of email accounts with identical exposure;
and each variant needs to occur (many times) in many different email domains
(different ISPs, different countries, ...).  Then some proportion of each
similar block of acounts needs to start using 550 rejections straight away,
some proportion needs to start using them after a few weeks, some proportion
needs to never use them.  After enough time (probably a year or so) there
will be enough data to draw conclusions about the noise level from, and
perhaps even to draw conclusions about the effectiveness of the 550
technique.


Tom

-----Original Message-----
From: asrg-admin@ietf.org [mailto:asrg-admin@ietf.org]On Behalf Of Peter
Kay
Sent: 13 August 2003 17:07
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: RE: [Asrg] RE: 2.a.1 Analysis of Actual Spam Data - Titan Key
re duces spam attacks


Ok everyone, its decision time.

================ Summary of this thread ===============

What we're trying to determine is: will "hard bounce" handling of spam
(such as 550 no such user or 451greylisting  response) reduce the amount
of "spam attacks" to a given email address over time versus an email
address that does not employ such tactics?

The question is: what research process can we execute such that the
results can be deemed reasonably reliable to prove/disprove what we're
trying to determine?

Our resident statistician, Terry Sullivan, basically says that the
amount of noise on the data and the variances in spam make it difficult
if not impossible to statistically prove the above unless the effect of
the hard bounces is huge. And if the effect is so huge, why hasn't it
already been figured out?


=============== The issues at hand =========================

1)	Do we continue to pursue this research topic?
2)	If so, what process can we agree on to follow?


==============  next steps ===========================

This is a call to action to everone one this list to address the above
issues. Lets see what responses we get over a week's time. If we get
either a bunch of "no" or nothing at all, we're close this issue and
move on. If, on the other hand, we get some positive responses that
INCLUDE IDEAS ON A RESEARCH PROCESS, we can then gather those ideas into
a research plan and then move to execute.

======= misc, but important additional info ================

We've had at least 2 people lend some degree of assistance, Scott Nelson
has offered to include researching the 550 on his experiments, and Damon
Sauer has offered millions of emails worth of data. It's not entirely
clear how either of these 2 would support the research process, but
their offerings are at least certainly appreciated.  Yakov has also
mentioned that we have access to data from Brightmail and Postini.

Paul Judge pointed to a few links out there related to what we're trying
to research:

http://www.simplyquick.com/privacy.html#3
This is a report of what happened after subscribing to several
newsletters, performing normal actions on those newsletters (opening,
clicking, etc) and then unsubscribing.  Result: no spam, but several
newsletters did not respect the unsubscribe request.

http://www.infoworld.com/article/03/03/21/12ebsecret_1.html\
That talks about the results of another firm researching what HTML codes
do in spam mail AND WHAT EFFECT USING A 550 NO SUCH USER RESPONSE
(emphasis added) has on subsequent spam.

http://www.out-law.com/php/page.php?page_id=pressrele3360&area=about
The actual Web page of the firm conducting the research mentioned by the
infoworld article.


===========  YOUR  ACTION ITEM  ====================
(Yes, you. The subscriber to this.)
Duedate: on/before 8/21/03 12:01am GMT +0

Decide if issue #1 is worth pursuing and if so, think about a research
process (please make sure you KISS) and email that process in simple
bullet forms to this list.   Positive responses must include bullet
points on a research process in order to be considered positive.







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Subject: Re: [Asrg] 7. Best Practices - DNSBLs
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Matt Sergeant wrote:
> On Thursday, Aug 14, 2003, at 00:59 Europe/London, Yakov Shafranovich=20
> wrote:

>> Some DNSRBLs work on policy level - listing ISPs that support=20
>> spammers, listing modem pools, etc. What do we do about them?
>=20
>=20
> I assume you mean SPEWS. It's a tricky question, because technically=20
> SPEWS listing ISPs supporting spammers isn't collateral damage to them =
-=20
> that's their entire raison d'=E9tre and would be covered by "Truth in=20
> advertising". What the above section really applies to is lists like th=
e=20
> SBL, who have an escalation policy to try and take action against=20
> particular spammers.
>=20
> But maybe Chris has a different take on it.

Matt, are you scribe now? ;-)

I have a more generic take on this.  It wouldn't be far-fetched, for=20
example, for a proxy DNSBL to escalate, say, the ridiculous levels of=20
open proxy infestations in some of the Brazilian class B to blocks on=20
the Brazilian ISP's mail servers, or, the _whole_ class B (SPEWS has=20
done this a couple of times).

As such, "escalations" aren't necessarily coercive per-se, and in some=20
cases (such as the Brazilian proxy problem), there is virtually no=20
detectable collateral damage actually occuring.

Expanding on that bit:

1) Escalation policies should be described as part of the list criteria=20
page.

2) In that description, the escalation policy should be identified as=20
either a "collateral damage/coercive" or a "protective" measure (or=20
both).  A "collateral damage" escalation is where you deliberately=20
target stuff that there's no reason to believe is a spam problem itself=20
in order to force the owner to do something.  A "protective measure"=20
type escalation is where you're (for example) giving up on individually=20
tracking thousands of open proxies within a class B, and just blocking=20
the whole thing.

SBL escalations are almost always coercive.  Most SPEWS escalations=20
start out "protective", and then become coercive once they get bigger.

3) My take is that it's far more important/useful to pre-warn about=20
coercive escalations (because that's the whole point after all) than=20
protective ones.


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Subject: Re: [Asrg] 7. Best Practices - DNSBLs
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Yakov Shafranovich wrote:

> Some DNSRBLs work on policy level - listing ISPs that support spammers, 
> listing modem pools, etc. What do we do about them?

I don't see there's an issue with those w.r.t. the DNSBL BCP.

As Matt suggests, tho with a less emotionally loaded/simpler example: if 
your mission is to list DHCP dialup pools, and a particular IP really 
_is_ a DHCP dialup pool, there is no collateral damage or false 
positives by definition.

 From the filter operator's perspective, if they use a dialup pool 
blacklist they're making a policy decision to block dialup pools, not 
necessarily spam per-se.  As such the only FP is when the IP is 
erroneously listed as dialup.

Yes, blocking dialup pools is an effective anti-spam measure. But in 
order to operate without grey areas, the MTA operator (not the DNSBL 
operator) needs to couch it as a dialup block, not a spam block.

This is particularly important with our open relay/proxy blacklisting - 
our policy is simple: we don't accept email from systems that are open 
proxies or open relays, period.  Prevents arguments like "but only 99% 
of the stuff coming from my IP is spam!  Unblock me!".


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----- Forwarded message from Danny Angus <danny@apache.org> -----

> Of course from the MTA administrator's point of view, they need to
> protect their network from massive abuse. And of course it is the
> right of the organisation to block whatever traffic it chooses from
> its own network. Some people might be against the idea of additional
> filtering over and above the personal consent policy of the
> recipient, although I can understand why such filtering may be
> necessary in practice.

In practice my @apache mail is filtered when it arrives at the apache
mailserver, and again when it makes the hop to my own server,
and again when it is downloaded by my client, my idea was that all this
filtering could be aggregated and sent up-stream so that it is imposed as
near to the source as I can push it.

> Some might say that administrative filtering is more within the
> scope of a BCP rather than a standard. I'm not sure either way.

Yeah, but a single well designed standard for expressing consent could be
used to describe both.


> > Then any sender will be able to impose the rules before transport, and
> > the recipient will be able to apply them after and still benefit from
> > any saving made by having some mail delivery never even attempted.
>
> This is an interesting approach. It suggests the idea of two protocols
> (or maybe one protocol used for two different purposes):
>
>  - for sending personal consent policy to the ISP's MTA
>  - for a sending MTA to query a remote MTA's policy details
>
> The latter is likely to be the more controversial.

Yeah, but in practice it would still be within the control of the mail
admins exactly which rules are exposed and which are protected by silence.

I can see that there are arguments for both, and in fact I'm a big proponent
of configuring SMTP to not reveal information in error messages, so I'm not
totally wedded to the idea of querying unless the information is only
exchanged between trusted MTA's or is of non-contentious material.
After all the difference between sending a message and having it bounced,
and asking "will you accept x" and being told "no" is largely one of
bandwidth, and not a qualitative difference in the information gained by the
experience.

d.

----- End forwarded message -----

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I wrote:

> After all the difference between sending a message and having it bounced,
> and asking "will you accept x" and being told "no" is largely one of
> bandwidth, and not a qualitative difference in the information
> gained by the
> experience.

What I expect to happen is that this "no" will be contained within a rule
that the sender can apply generally for this recipient (e.g. not this
sender, not this Mime type, not content containing "badword" or whatever),
and that it would also have a "time to live" (or "time to love" as I just
mistyped!) thereby empowering the sender to make assumptions about other
matching messages, and reduce unproductive bandwidth use.

Perhaps simply attempting to send a message and if it is rejected the
rejection contains the rule which caused the rejection, and it's TTL, and
allow the sender to apply it themselves?

Before everyone flames me, I *do* get the fact that this could be used to
quickly build up a profile of what is allowable, and so spammers could
tailor mail to make it allowable, but lets see if we can work this problem
out before we dismiss it completely.

Times to live would also raise some questions, such as how would people
react if a bad rule had a big TTL and their honest mail was destroyed for
hours before the TTL expired.

d.





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>> Of course from the MTA administrator's point of view, they need to
>> protect their network from massive abuse. And of course it is the
>> right of the organisation to block whatever traffic it chooses from
>> its own network. Some people might be against the idea of additional
>> filtering over and above the personal consent policy of the
>> recipient, although I can understand why such filtering may be
>> necessary in practice.

> In practice my @apache mail is filtered when it arrives at the
> apache mailserver, and again when it makes the hop to my own server,
> and again when it is downloaded by my client, my idea was that all
> this filtering could be aggregated and sent up-stream so that it 
> is imposed as near to the source as I can push it.

Yes, I see... reducing the amount of unnecessary traffic later.

>> Some might say that administrative filtering is more within the
>> scope of a BCP rather than a standard. I'm not sure either way.

> Yeah, but a single well designed standard for expressing consent
> could be used to describe both.

I suppose that mail administrators and end receivers will use
similar matching rules and policy enforcement decisions. Both
groups want to match some rules against incoming messages and
both wish to apply a suitable policy decision.

So initially at least I'm happy that the same consent definition
language could express the policies of both, since I don't see
anything which is exclusive to either admins or receivers. (If
anyone begs to differ, I'd like to know.)

However there are definitely two types of policy, although they
may be expressed using the same format.

The question arises as to what should happen if the MTA admin's
policy decision for an incoming message conflicts with that of 
the reciever's personal policy? 

If both policies are in agreement for the message then this is
fine. However situations might arise where:

 - the MTA site policy permits delivery, but the personal consent 
   policy of the reciever does not

 - the MTA site policy does not permit delivery, but the personal
   consent policy allows it

In the case of the former, it seems sensible not to deliver the
message because the recipient's personal policy is bound to be
more specific than that of the incoming mail server.

In the case of the latter, I suspect the site admin policy 
would take precedence. I'm not sure if this should be the default
behaviour (maybe that's a BCP issue) but in practice some admins
will want to override individual policy for the sake of protecting
the whole site against mass spam floods.

So what I would propose is that one language/format could meet the
needs of both, but that the site's policy is distinct from that
of its end-users.

>>> Then any sender will be able to impose the rules before 
>>> transport, and the recipient will be able to apply them after 
>>> and still benefit from any saving made by having some mail
>>> delivery never even attempted.

>> This is an interesting approach. It suggests the idea of two protocols
>> (or maybe one protocol used for two different purposes):
>>
>>  - for sending personal consent policy to the ISP's MTA
>>  - for a sending MTA to query a remote MTA's policy details
>>
>> The latter is likely to be the more controversial.

> Yeah, but in practice it would still be within the control of
> the mail admins exactly which rules are exposed and which are 
> protected by silence.

I know this has been debated on the list before. No doubt someone
can remind us of the relevant threads.

> I can see that there are arguments for both, and in fact I'm
> a big proponent of configuring SMTP to not reveal information in
> error messages, so I'm not totally wedded to the idea of querying
> unless the information is only exchanged between trusted MTA's
> or is of non-contentious material.

Of course, the question of how to decide which MTAs to trust is
tricky. What material would you consider "non-contentious"? Can
you provide an example?

> After all the difference between sending a message and having it
> bounced, and asking "will you accept x" and being told "no" is 
> largely one of bandwidth, and not a qualitative difference in 
> the information gained by the experience.

Ah, that's a slightly different phrasing...

     "please tell me everything you will accept"
 and "will you accept X?"

...reveal vastly different amounts of information. The former is
undesirable because disclosing the whole policy would allow a
spammer to construct a message designed to be accepted.

The latter reveals less information, although it may be vulnerable
to a dictionary attack in which the spammer tries all possible X 
combinations until a "yes" response is received. This might waste
enough of their time to discourage them, but with so many owned
machines acting as relays it's probably not their personal time
that's being wasted anyway.

BTW, I'm being a little glib about the possible policy enforcement 
decisions here. Assuming that a message will either be accepted 
or rejected is perhaps simplistic. This doesn't detract too much
from the point at hand but there are other options such as 
delaying delivery, silently dropping a message and so on. I'd
like to develop a list of "standard" policy responses, as this 
is something which will be useful to express in a consent
definition language.

Keep the ideas coming...

Andrew

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To: Matt Sergeant <msergeant@startechgroup.co.uk>
From: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>
Subject: Re: 2. Spam Analysis - Economics (was Re: spammer economics;
  was: RE: [Asrg] hiring challenge responders)
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Date: Thu, 14 Aug 2003 12:01:32 -0400

At 06:22 AM 8/14/2003, Matt Sergeant wrote:
>On Thursday, Aug 14, 2003, at 00:50 Europe/London, Yakov Shafranovich wrote:
>
>>Take into account the use of hijacked computers and the whole economics 
>>model is blown to bits since using those computers does not incur any 
>>cost. Combine that with the 70% figure provided by MessageLabs for use of 
>>hijacked computers and we are all in deep trouble.
>
>The majority of the hijacked computer sent spam we see is just plain old 
>open proxies. Using an open proxy doesn't give you any extra bandwidth, 
>it's just an anonymising tool.

Matt, I was not aware of that fact - the article quiting the Message Labs 
report made it clear that the 70% figure refered to regular hijacked 
computers. Perhaps you can provide us with an extract from that report or a 
link to it? Also, for the people doing spam analysis, adding the delivery 
method or vector to the analysis might be useful.

Yakov  


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Quoting Danny Angus <danny@apache.org>:

>> I wrote:
>> 
>> After all the difference between sending a message and having it
>> bounced, and asking "will you accept x" and being told "no" is 
>> largely one of bandwidth, and not a qualitative difference in the
>> information gained by the experience.

> What I expect to happen is that this "no" will be contained within a
> rule that the sender can apply generally for this recipient (e.g. not
> this sender, not this Mime type, not content containing "badword" or
> whatever), and that it would also have a "time to live" (or "time to
> love" as I just mistyped!) thereby empowering the sender to make
> assumptions about other matching messages, and reduce unproductive
> bandwidth use.
>
> Perhaps simply attempting to send a message and if it is rejected the
> rejection contains the rule which caused the rejection, and it's TTL,
> and allow the sender to apply it themselves?

I presume you mean rejection during the SMTP connection session using 
some kind of 5xx policy rejection code (rather than using a bounce
e-mail message)?

Are you talking about a strategy similar to DNS lookup cacheing?

I hear some DNS servers cache negative lookup results for a certain
period so as to reduce the number of queries they need to make
elsewhere.

> Before everyone flames me, I *do* get the fact that this could be used
> to quickly build up a profile of what is allowable, and so spammers
> could tailor mail to make it allowable, but lets see if we can work this
> problem out before we dismiss it completely.

One mitigating factor is that the MTA which knows what the policy is
and which issues the rejection code might choose not to disclose the
rule which triggered the rejection.

If the sending MTA is (somehow) trusted by the receiving MTA then the
receiving MTA might decide to disclose that rule. Otherwise it could
return a more generic error with no further detail.

There is still the issue of how such "trust" can be defined, however.

> Times to live would also raise some questions, such as how would people
> react if a bad rule had a big TTL and their honest mail was destroyed
> for hours before the TTL expired.

The TTL would have to be chosen carefully. Too long a TTL could result 
in problems when the reciever changes their consent policy but the 
change is not reflected elsewhere. Of course if only *rejections* are 
cached then this would only be a problem if the recipient makes their
consent policy more lenient in some way.

However, too short a TTL would likely mean that the rule cached will
not match any further messages before it expires - which would 
defeat the point of using such a cache in the first place.

Andrew

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From: Jason Steiner <jason@emptyexistence.com>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] 7. Best Practices - DNSBLs - Article
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Date: Thu, 14 Aug 2003 09:15:06 -0700

"Yakov Shafranovich" <research@solidmatrix.com>
> 
> I am not suggesting that a consent system should use ALL available 
> sources, just more then one. Two DNSRBLs or a DNSRBL combined 
> with a filter might be better than relying on SPEWS.org or some other 
> DNSRBL as a sole source of information. Decisions on spam should 
> not be based on a single source alone.

Why? If that single source is reliable and does a good job of implementing
the policies I choose for my mail servers (eg. "We don't want mail from 
dialups here.") , what is the point of incurring the extra load of querying 
more than one, especially if the second is going to be much more resource 
intensive? (eg. A content filter behind a DNSBL.)

jason

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Subject: RE: [Asrg] RE: 2.a.1 Analysis of Actual Spam Data - Titan Key      re duces spam attacks
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Excellent. I agree that the "lets not do this because of the noise" may
render a lot of other simliar efforts null and void as well, so lets
keep this on. I think your below fits KISS and should be easy to
implement.

We need about 4-5 people to step up and "own" a given email address per
Tom's plan below. We'll provide the infrastructure.=20

Who will participate?  Stand up now.



> -----Original Message-----
> From: Tom Thomson [mailto:tthomson@neosinteractive.com]=20
> Sent: Thursday, August 14, 2003 4:12 AM
> To: Peter Kay; asrg@ietf.org
> Subject: RE: [Asrg] RE: 2.a.1 Analysis of Actual Spam Data -=20
> Titan Key re duces spam attacks
>=20
>=20
> I'm not convinced that the noise factor is so great that we=20
> can't get any useful information out of analysis.  What I am=20
> sure of is that if that argument wins this time and this line=20
> of enquiry is dropped as a result, then most (maybe all)=20
> other lines of enquiry will go the same way.  Until we have=20
> some measurements (quite a lot of measurements) we don't=20
> really know how big the noise factor is.  Your original less=20
> than 100 days of data looked pretty noisy but all sorts of=20
> techniques are available for smoothing away noise; until=20
> there's enough dta, we don't know whether those techniques=20
> will prevail in the current case.
>=20
> An experimental approach would be to set up a number of email=20
> accounts and give them different degrees of exposure (some=20
> with repeated on-going exposure, some with initial exposure=20
> but no repeated exposure, some with exposure through=20
> "respectable" mailing lists only and some with exposure=20
> through "non-respectable" lists, some with newsgroup exposure=20
> (again "respectable" and "non-respectable"), and so on=20
> covering quite a lot of variations in exposure and a good mix=20
> of combinations of exposure.  Then tyere's a need for a large=20
> number of email accounts with identical exposure; and each=20
> variant needs to occur (many times) in many different email=20
> domains (different ISPs, different countries, ...).  Then=20
> some proportion of each similar block of acounts needs to=20
> start using 550 rejections straight away, some proportion=20
> needs to start using them after a few weeks, some proportion=20
> needs to never use them.  After enough time (probably a year=20
> or so) there will be enough data to draw conclusions about=20
> the noise level from, and perhaps even to draw conclusions=20
> about the effectiveness of the 550 technique.
>=20
>=20
> Tom
>=20
> -----Original Message-----
> From: asrg-admin@ietf.org [mailto:asrg-admin@ietf.org]On=20
> Behalf Of Peter Kay
> Sent: 13 August 2003 17:07
> To: asrg@ietf.org
> Subject: RE: [Asrg] RE: 2.a.1 Analysis of Actual Spam Data -=20
> Titan Key re duces spam attacks
>=20
>=20
> Ok everyone, its decision time.
>=20
> =3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D Summary of this =
thread =3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D
>=20
> What we're trying to determine is: will "hard bounce"=20
> handling of spam (such as 550 no such user or 451greylisting =20
> response) reduce the amount of "spam attacks" to a given=20
> email address over time versus an email address that does not=20
> employ such tactics?
>=20
> The question is: what research process can we execute such=20
> that the results can be deemed reasonably reliable to=20
> prove/disprove what we're trying to determine?
>=20
> Our resident statistician, Terry Sullivan, basically says=20
> that the amount of noise on the data and the variances in=20
> spam make it difficult if not impossible to statistically=20
> prove the above unless the effect of the hard bounces is=20
> huge. And if the effect is so huge, why hasn't it already=20
> been figured out?
>=20
>=20
> =3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D The issues at hand =
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=

>=20
> 1)	Do we continue to pursue this research topic?
> 2)	If so, what process can we agree on to follow?
>=20
>=20
> =3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D  next steps =
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=
=3D=3D
>=20
> This is a call to action to everone one this list to address=20
> the above issues. Lets see what responses we get over a=20
> week's time. If we get either a bunch of "no" or nothing at=20
> all, we're close this issue and move on. If, on the other=20
> hand, we get some positive responses that INCLUDE IDEAS ON A=20
> RESEARCH PROCESS, we can then gather those ideas into a=20
> research plan and then move to execute.
>=20
> =3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D misc, but important additional info =
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D
>=20
> We've had at least 2 people lend some degree of assistance,=20
> Scott Nelson has offered to include researching the 550 on=20
> his experiments, and Damon Sauer has offered millions of=20
> emails worth of data. It's not entirely clear how either of=20
> these 2 would support the research process, but their=20
> offerings are at least certainly appreciated.  Yakov has also=20
> mentioned that we have access to data from Brightmail and Postini.
>=20
> Paul Judge pointed to a few links out there related to what=20
> we're trying to research:
>=20
http://www.simplyquick.com/privacy.html#3
This is a report of what happened after subscribing to several
newsletters, performing normal actions on those newsletters (opening,
clicking, etc) and then unsubscribing.  Result: no spam, but several
newsletters did not respect the unsubscribe request.

http://www.infoworld.com/article/03/03/21/12ebsecret_1.html\
That talks about the results of another firm researching what HTML codes
do in spam mail AND WHAT EFFECT USING A 550 NO SUCH USER RESPONSE
(emphasis added) has on subsequent spam.

http://www.out-law.com/php/page.php?page_id=3Dpressrele3360&area=3Dabout
The actual Web page of the firm conducting the research mentioned by the
infoworld article.


=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D  YOUR  ACTION ITEM  =
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D
(Yes, you. The subscriber to this.)
Duedate: on/before 8/21/03 12:01am GMT +0

Decide if issue #1 is worth pursuing and if so, think about a research
process (please make sure you KISS) and email that process in simple
bullet forms to this list.   Positive responses must include bullet
points on a research process in order to be considered positive.







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Subject: Re: [Asrg] 7. Best Practices - DNSBLs - Article
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Jason Steiner wrote:

> Why? If that single source is reliable and does a good job of implementing
> the policies I choose for my mail servers (eg. "We don't want mail from 
> dialups here.") , what is the point of incurring the extra load of querying 
> more than one, especially if the second is going to be much more resource 
> intensive? (eg. A content filter behind a DNSBL.)

Indeed.  Spam filtering is all about systems making informed choices for 
their own needs.  If system A thinks that a randomly generated "block 
this" choice fits  their needs, and system B thinks that 75 different 
filters have to be unanimous before blocking, who are _we_ to judge 
which is better?  Not our machine.  Not our users.  None of our business.

Instead, we should be focusing on:

a) making sure that systems _can_ make informed choices by ensuring that 
filtering methods tell the truth in a simple way of what they do
b) making suggestions on operational "properties" (such as consistency 
to published standards, delisting mechanisms where appropriate) rather 
than the blocking criteria themselves.

There is a DNSBL that blocks all of IPv4 space.  There is another that 
returns a randomly selected block/non-block indication on every query. 
Are they bad/non-BCPish?  No, because they're perfectly clear and honest 
about what they do (including a comment about how dumb it would be to 
actually _use_ them to filter email ;-).


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Subject: Re: 2. Spam Analysis - Economics (was Re: spammer economics; was: RE: [Asrg] hiring challenge responders)
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On Thursday, Aug 14, 2003, at 17:01 Europe/London, Yakov Shafranovich 
wrote:

>> The majority of the hijacked computer sent spam we see is just plain 
>> old open proxies. Using an open proxy doesn't give you any extra 
>> bandwidth, it's just an anonymising tool.
>
> Matt, I was not aware of that fact - the article quiting the Message 
> Labs report made it clear that the 70% figure refered to regular 
> hijacked computers.

What is a "regular" hijacked computer to you?

> Perhaps you can provide us with an extract from that report or a link 
> to it?

It's probably on our web site somewhere. Unfortunately I use a Mac and 
the web site isn't viewable in Safari, my browser of choice :-)

Matt.


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Subject: Re: 2. Spam Analysis - Economics (was Re: spammer economics;
  was: RE: [Asrg] hiring challenge responders)
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Date: Thu, 14 Aug 2003 13:05:56 -0400

At 01:04 PM 8/14/2003, Matt Sergeant wrote:
>On Thursday, Aug 14, 2003, at 17:01 Europe/London, Yakov Shafranovich wrote:
>
>>>The majority of the hijacked computer sent spam we see is just plain old 
>>>open proxies. Using an open proxy doesn't give you any extra bandwidth, 
>>>it's just an anonymising tool.
>>
>>Matt, I was not aware of that fact - the article quiting the Message Labs 
>>report made it clear that the 70% figure refered to regular hijacked computers.
>
>What is a "regular" hijacked computer to you?

A computer that has been hijacked by a virus or a trojan horse, as opposed 
to a computer that has been misconfigured into an open-proxy. 


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Guys,

Consent based systems don't exist.  Challenge response systems do
exist...though often broken.  Rather than create something new, let's try to
fix what we have..then understand how to design it better.

In other words, I have yet to receive a single comment on the CRI draft.
There's a lot of smart people in the group..let's hear it.


> <snip>
>
> >Take a look at the mailing list archive (gmane.org), there were a few
> >articles with links to a bunch of XML formats that can be used
> as a basis
> >or as an example for us. Also, I think basis this on XML should be a
> >requirement as well.
> >
> >Yakov
>
> I think I suggested a number of XML structures for this, and I have a
> pretty good feel for where I was headed with that effort, and I
> still think
> XML is likely to be the best route. If the group feels this is a good
> direction I would be willing to try and flesh out some examples and
> specifications.
>
> I recommend that we create an example that shows a hypothetical
> implementation and then solicit comments. We will use the comments to
> refine the example (replete with comments explaining what we've done and
> why). When the example stabilizes we can write a complete specification
> from that.
>
> This is sort of like watching where the grass wears out around a
> campus and
> then pouring the  sidewalks over the worn out paths.



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From: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] 4d. Consent Framework - Protocols and Formats (was 
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Date: Thu, 14 Aug 2003 13:24:20 -0400

The CRI protocol is an example of a token exchange protocol used to 
exchange consent tokens. It is a perfect example of what a consent token 
and consent systems would look like. Also, there is an incentive to have 
this protocol operational today since they are a few C/R systems that 
already exist and the vendors expressed interest in them. The most recent 
draft of the CRI protocol can be found in this message:

http://www1.ietf.org/mail-archive/working-groups/asrg/current/msg06731.html

Below is the relevant quote from the consent framework document 
(http://www.solidmatrix.com/research/asrg/asrg-consent-framework.html):

----snip----
2.5. Protocols.
.........
2. Protocols for sharing CONSENT TOKENS. ]
----snip----

At 01:16 PM 8/14/2003, Eric Dean wrote:

>Guys,
>
>Consent based systems don't exist.  Challenge response systems do
>exist...though often broken.  Rather than create something new, let's try to
>fix what we have..then understand how to design it better.
>
>In other words, I have yet to receive a single comment on the CRI draft.
>There's a lot of smart people in the group..let's hear it.
>
>
> > <snip>
> >
> > >Take a look at the mailing list archive (gmane.org), there were a few
> > >articles with links to a bunch of XML formats that can be used
> > as a basis
> > >or as an example for us. Also, I think basis this on XML should be a
> > >requirement as well.
> > >
> > >Yakov
> >
> > I think I suggested a number of XML structures for this, and I have a
> > pretty good feel for where I was headed with that effort, and I
> > still think
> > XML is likely to be the best route. If the group feels this is a good
> > direction I would be willing to try and flesh out some examples and
> > specifications.
> >
> > I recommend that we create an example that shows a hypothetical
> > implementation and then solicit comments. We will use the comments to
> > refine the example (replete with comments explaining what we've done and
> > why). When the example stabilizes we can write a complete specification
> > from that.
> >
> > This is sort of like watching where the grass wears out around a
> > campus and
> > then pouring the  sidewalks over the worn out paths.


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To: Jason Steiner <jason@emptyexistence.com>, asrg@ietf.org
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Subject: RE: [Asrg] 7. Best Practices - DNSBLs - Article
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Date: Thu, 14 Aug 2003 13:23:59 -0400

At 12:15 PM 8/14/2003, Jason Steiner wrote:
>"Yakov Shafranovich" <research@solidmatrix.com>
> >
> > I am not suggesting that a consent system should use ALL available
> > sources, just more then one. Two DNSRBLs or a DNSRBL combined
> > with a filter might be better than relying on SPEWS.org or some other
> > DNSRBL as a sole source of information. Decisions on spam should
> > not be based on a single source alone.
>
>Why? If that single source is reliable and does a good job of implementing
>the policies I choose for my mail servers (eg. "We don't want mail from
>dialups here.") , what is the point of incurring the extra load of querying
>more than one, especially if the second is going to be much more resource
>intensive? (eg. A content filter behind a DNSBL.)

Assuming that your single source is reliable. Many "single" sources are 
not. I guess I would have to agree with you that using an single reliable 
source is good.

The bottom line in all of this would be that the final decision be left to 
the administrators and end-users to pick and choose the tools they want. 
All we have to do is to make it easier for those tools to interoperate.

Yakov  


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From: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 4d. Consent Framework - Protocols and Formats (was 
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At 06:30 AM 8/14/2003, Andrew Akehurst wrote:

>...........
> > I recommend that we create an example that shows a hypothetical
> > implementation and then solicit comments. We will use the comments to
> > refine the example (replete with comments explaining what we've done =
and
> > why). When the example stabilizes we can write a complete specificati=
on
> > from that.
> >
> > This is sort of like watching where the grass wears out around a camp=
us
> > and then pouring the  sidewalks over the worn out paths.
>
>That seems like a good way to proceed. I found some of your previous
>posts on the topic. I might be tempted to haggle about the syntax of
>some of the examples, but the general thing that seems to come out
>of it is that we need (as a minimum):
>
>  - definitions of tests against which to match messages
>
>  - definitions of different policy enforcement actions which
>    can be taken for incoming messages
>
>  - a set of policy statements which map a combination of tests
>    onto a policy enforcement action
>
>Obviously there will be some scope issues with each of these areas,
>although I'm not yet convinced that "scopes" are first-class
>objects in their own right.

 From the consent framework, section 3:

SCOPE =FB combination of SCOPE RULES defining how CONSENT POLICIES are sh=
ared
SCOPE RULES =FB rules defining how CONSENT POLICIES are shared

The question is whether SCOPE and SCOPE RULES are independent, or are the=
y=20
just specific examples of CONSENT RULES and POLICIES.

Yakov=20


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Subject: 4d. Consent Framework - Scope (was RE: [Asrg] SMTP level
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Date: Thu, 14 Aug 2003 13:40:24 -0400

At 10:09 AM 8/14/2003, Andrew Akehurst wrote:

>..........
> > It seems to me that if we had a means by which a sending MTA could
> > request such profile from the receiving MTA before sending it has the
> > potential to drastically cut down spam.
>
>This is an idea which has been discussed before on the list. Some
>people objected on the grounds that a spammer using a compromised
>MTA might scan people's personal consent policy to see how to
>produce messages which will slip through the recipient's filters.
>
>Other people might prefer the idea of partial disclosure: only
>allowing certain MTAs to query the policy, or only allowing a subset
>of the policy to be disclosed.
>
>It's potentially a useful feature for reducing traffic but it may
>be open to abuse by spammers, so it's a little controversial.

 From the consent framework, section 2.1:

-------snip-----
Portions of the CONSENT POLICY may be communicated to the SENDER according 
to the SCOPE of the policy either by the CONSENT EXPRESSION COMPONENT or 
the POLICY ENFORCEMENT COMPONENT. When communicated by the CONSENT 
EXPRESSION COMPONENT, the purpose is to let SENDERS know what kind of 
CONSENT RULES they should follow in order for their email to be accepted. 
Examples of this might be when an ISP publishes a set of email policies for 
other domains which must be followed in order for the email to be received. 
When communicated by the POLICY ENFORCEMENT COMPONENT, the purpose of the 
communications will be to inform the SENDER of LACK OF CONSENT by the 
RECEIVER and to request a CONSENT TOKEN (if applicable). AGENTS 
communicating with each other may share CONSENT POLICIES to facilitate 
communications. They may also pass CONSENT TOKENS between themselves in 
order to dynamically grant or revoke consent to the RECEIVER, all according 
to the CONSENT POLICY SCOPE.
-------snip-----

> > I'd like to see several layers to this, though they are all pretty much
> > the same in operation but differentiated by scope.
> >
> > I'd like MUA's to be able to forward their policy to the incoming
> > POP/IMAP server, this would then be available to be queried by delibery
> > agents, and hence get into the SMTP network.
>
>I must admit, I do like the idea of sending my policy to my ISP's
>incoming mail server. At the very least this would allow them to
>block spam on my behalf, saving me the need to download useless
>messages which I'll only have to delete or locally filter anyway.


 From Consent framework, ibid:

---snip----
A CONSENT POLICY of a specific RECEIVER does not merely reflect his 
choices. It is also based on the capabilities and settings of the CONSENT 
EXPRESSION COMPONENT used, the capabilities and settings of the POLICY 
ENFORCEMENT COMPONENT used, and by the SCOPE of the CONSENT POLICY of 
organization or ISP to which the RECEIVER belongs. The specific 
implementation being used by the RECEIVER, or his organization/ISP might 
support only specific types of CONSENT RULES which will be used in creation 
of the policy. CONSENT POLICIES from multiple RECEIVERS maybe combined to 
create a combined CONSENT POLICY for the entire organization or ISP. The 
organization or ISP may also impose its CONSENT POLICY on the RECEIVERS 
within its domain. Multiple ISPs and organizations may also shared CONSENT 
POLICIES in order to allow for interoperability between themselves. 
Standard CONSENT POLICIES may also be defined as Best Current Practices 
(BCP) documents.
---snip----


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Date: Thu, 14 Aug 2003 13:46:41 -0400

Just a friendly reminder about the posting guidelines for this list. It 
helps greatly to have the item number and name in the subject line, 
especially when searching later on for some message. The current guidelines 
maybe be found at 
(http://www.irtf.org/asrg/asrg_mailing_list_information.htm) and below:

"All conversation on this mailing list must be regarding one of the work 
items outlined in the ASRG Research Agenda document. The subject of each 
email should begin with the number of the appropriate work item. For 
example, "2.a - Spam Measurement Survey Requirements" or "6 - Proposal for 
hash-based traceback system". The list volume makes it difficult to follow 
individual conversations and to filter the noise. This will help eliminate 
both problems. This is a research group. If you have constructive feedback, 
please share it in an appropriate manner. If you just feel like saying that 
"spam can not be stopped" or "this group will fail because I said so", then 
you should state those things elsewhere. This mailing list is for 
discussion towards the goals of the group as stated in the charter."


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Date: Thu, 14 Aug 2003 15:55:12 -0400
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Yakov Shafranovich wrote:

> The bottom line in all of this would be that the final decision be left 
> to the administrators and end-users to pick and choose the tools they 
> want. All we have to do is to make it easier for those tools to 
> interoperate.

I'm not nearly as worried about interoperability, as much as being able 
to help administrators make _informed_ choices.

Certainly, in the case of DNSBLs, interoperability is _not_ a problem in 
practise - at a technical level, the interfaces are very simple, and the 
DNSBLs are highly consistent now.


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Subject: RE: [Asrg] RE: 2.a.1 Analysis of Actual Spam Data - Titan
 Key      re duces spam attacks
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Date: Thu, 14 Aug 2003 21:36:40 +0200

At 6:26 AM -1000 2003/08/14, Peter Kay wrote:

>  We need about 4-5 people to step up and "own" a given email address per
>  Tom's plan below. We'll provide the infrastructure.

	Do you have any idea what kind of work is required as a result of 
"owning" an e-mail address of this sort?

-- 
Brad Knowles, <brad.knowles@skynet.be>

"They that can give up essential liberty to obtain a little temporary
safety deserve neither liberty nor safety."
     -Benjamin Franklin, Historical Review of Pennsylvania.

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Date: Thu, 14 Aug 2003 10:59:07 -1000
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> From: Brad Knowles [mailto:brad.knowles@skynet.be]=20
>=20
> 	Do you have any idea what kind of work is required as a=20
> result of=20
> "owning" an e-mail address of this sort?
>=20

We'll start w/ Tom's plan. Each volunteer "owns" a given email address.
Each email address will have certain profile. The owner (or should we be
cute and say "adopter") uses that email per the profile outlined for
that specific email.=20

First step, we publish all the emails on enough Web sites to get them
into spammer databases.=20

Second step, we view/open/subscribe the spam that starts coming into
these emails

=3D=3D=3D end result here is that we should have successfully seeded =
these
emails with reasonable spam quantities

Third step, each adopter begins attempting to cut down spam using their
profile's pre-assigned techniques.

Fourth step. Project ends and data is analyzed


So, what this means specifically for each volunteer is that they will
have to:

- Accept/download email
- Go through that email in such a way that any html tags are exposed to
spammers, letting them know this is a real address
- Attempting to unsubscribe to the spam based on the volunteer profile







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Subject: RE: [Asrg] RE: 2.a.1 Analysis of Actual Spam Data - Titan
 Key      re duces spam attacks
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Date: Thu, 14 Aug 2003 23:16:00 +0200

At 10:59 AM -1000 2003/08/14, Peter Kay wrote:

>  === end result here is that we should have successfully seeded these
>  emails with reasonable spam quantities

	Which also implies that no other anti-spam methods are employed 
for those addresses, right?  No black lists, no reverse DNS checks, 
no SpamAssassin, nothing.

	Or have I missed something?

>  - Go through that email in such a way that any html tags are exposed to
>  spammers, letting them know this is a real address

	Could you clarify what you mean by "exposed"?  Do you mean that 
we click on any URL provided in the message?  Are we required to run 
a particular MUA that would automatically try to display the message 
as a web page (e.g., Outlook Express)?

	How would mail for this account be handled?  An alias to an 
existing account, or a separate mailbox that is physically distinct?

-- 
Brad Knowles, <brad.knowles@skynet.be>

"They that can give up essential liberty to obtain a little temporary
safety deserve neither liberty nor safety."
     -Benjamin Franklin, Historical Review of Pennsylvania.

GCS/IT d+(-) s:+(++)>: a C++(+++)$ UMBSHI++++$ P+>++ L+ !E-(---) W+++(--) N+
!w--- O- M++ V PS++(+++) PE- Y+(++) PGP>+++ t+(+++) 5++(+++) X++(+++) R+(+++)
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Peter Kay wrote:
> Excellent. I agree that the "lets not do this because of the noise" may
> render a lot of other simliar efforts null and void as well, so lets
> keep this on. I think your below fits KISS and should be easy to
> implement.
> 
> We need about 4-5 people to step up and "own" a given email address per
> Tom's plan below. We'll provide the infrastructure. 
> 
> Who will participate?  Stand up now.
> 

This is something I can do. Sign me up if you're serious.



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To: Eric Dean <eric@purespeed.com>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] 4d. Consent Framework - Protocols and Formats 
Message-ID: <1060945363.3f3cbdd32166f@student-webmail.lboro.ac.uk>
From: Andrew Akehurst <A.D.Akehurst-99@student.lboro.ac.uk>
Cc: Pete McNeil <madscientist@microneil.com>,
        Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>, asrg@ietf.org
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> Consent based systems don't exist. 

They do exist, just not in a standardised form.

Every time I set up a MUA filter to remove certain messages from 
my mail or use something like SpamAssassin, I'm making a decision
about what e-mail I consent to receive. Just because I'm not
sharing those preferences with anyone else and because there is
no standard way to write out those rules doesn't mean they're 
not an expression of consent.

> Challenge response systems do exist...though often broken. 

I see challenge response systems as a subclass of consent based
systems. They seem to implement a policy which says "I only want
to receive e-mail from people who are prepared to follow a certain 
protocol (or who use software which supports it)."

There's nothing wrong with that in principle, although as you 
note there are problems with it.

> Rather than create something new, let's
> try to fix what we have..then understand how to design it better.

The value in creating something new is that we're creating 
something more general than challenge response systems. Consent
based systems could include several different methods for
expressing and enforcing consent.

> In other words, I have yet to receive a single comment on the CRI
> draft.

Until recently I've been very busy. I'll take a look at it later
today. I'm not opposed to challenge response systems, I just think
that there's an opportunity to create something broader.

There are problems with each type of consent system, none of them
is perfect. But using a combination of such systems within a 
broader framework can help to overcome the limitations of each. I 
agree that we should work to improve CRI and indeed all such
systems as far as possible. But I doubt that relying on a single
approach will yield effective results for everyone.

There are so many groups of users who use mailing lists, roaming
network access, NAT, DHCP and many other uses and configurations.
Few solutions are suitable for all of these types of user and so
they should be free to use whatever system(s) work for them. In
which case they need some way to tie everything together.

If we can improve CRI to the point where it will work well on 
its own for 99.9% of e-mail users then I'd be happy to admit I
was wrong. Until then, other research efforts are equally
valuable and can continue in parallel.

Andrew

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To: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 4d. Consent Framework - Protocols and Formats
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> >Obviously there will be some scope issues with each of these areas,
> >although I'm not yet convinced that "scopes" are first-class
> >objects in their own right.
> 
>  From the consent framework, section 3:
> 
> SCOPE  combination of SCOPE RULES defining how CONSENT POLICIES are
> shared
>
> SCOPE RULES  rules defining how CONSENT POLICIES are shared

Thanks for the reminder.

> The question is whether SCOPE and SCOPE RULES are independent, or are
> they just specific examples of CONSENT RULES and POLICIES.

It's tempting to think that "scope" is merely an attribute of a rule,
rather than an entity in its own right. 

If scope were a simple value then I don't see what attributes 
it could have, other than being "local", "shareable" or whatever 
value the scope has. (I invented these labels at random, I'm not 
claiming they're good suggestions, just examples that came to mind
at the time)

It's a common design principle that anything which has only one
attribute (i.e. its value) is not considered to be a separate entity
but is instead a flat "primitive" attribute of something else. 
I'd suggest that (for the sake of simplicity) unless anyone can 
demonstrate that a scope has additional attributes of its own, then
why not make scope part of a rule or policy definition?

A nice example of this use of scope was Jon Kyme's example of a 
consent schema:

  https://www1.ietf.org/mail-archive/working-groups/asrg/current/msg01022.html

His suggestion was for scope to be "local", "organisational" or
"global", with regards to how widely it is shared. Is this a 
reasonable starting point?

The discussion that followed with Keith Moore was interesting and
dealt with some of the issues to do with how to establish that a 
policy is genuine and with priority conflicts between multiple rules.
It's worth a second look.

Andrew

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On Thursday, Aug 14, 2003, at 18:05 Europe/London, Yakov Shafranovich 
wrote:

>> What is a "regular" hijacked computer to you?
>
> A computer that has been hijacked by a virus or a trojan horse, as 
> opposed to a computer that has been misconfigured into an open-proxy.

We don't distinguish. Both are the result of clueless users :)

Matt.


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Subject: [Asrg] 6. Proposals - Challenge/response - CRI
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In what follows, I'm referring to the CRI draft proposal as posted in:
  http://www1.ietf.org/mail-archive/working-groups/asrg/current/msg06731.html

This is my initial reaction, I'm going to re-read in detail and
provide some more detailed feedback later next week.

The use of CRI MIME message headers described in section 1.3
looks interesting. This seems good because it's transparent
to non-CRI MTAs which will just pass the message on, presumably
leaving the issuing of a challenge to a later stage, e.g. use
of a CRI-enabled MUA.

Out of these headers, this one caught my eye:

  "CRI-Sender-Exempt: identifies that the sender desires to not 
   receive a CRI message. i.e. mailing list"

I'm glad you've included support for mailing lists. I'd like to
know how you envisage this being used in practice. In section 4.2
you state that:

  "Mailing lists may include CRI-Sender-Exempt headers to 
   indicate that challenge messages should not be posted to
   the mailing list..."

What will be the content of such a header? Is it just a flag
such as "CRI-Sender-Exempt: 1"? If so, what would stop a 
spammer from adding such headers to their messages?

Is it true that a spammer who used such headers simply wouldn't
be sent a challenge message? If so I guess they wouldn't have the
opportunity to answer a challenge and thus get themselves 
permission to send to the receiver. So maybe it's not in their
interests to try and use such a header.

The need to rewrite mailing list software to generate such headers
is potentially more of an issue. Supposing I decided to use CRI
yet subscribed to some mailing lists which didn't generate such
headers. How could I ensure such messages got through?

My other "first reaction" to the proposal is that the SMTP idea is
interesting although the use of a 4xx temporary failure code for a 
challenge will of course result in non-compliant sender MTAs
retrying and repeatedly failing. Of course in the end they'll
give up and then will the sender's original message bounce back?

I'm interested here in the interoperability issues between MTAs
which support CRI and those which don't. Some more discussion in
that area would be helpful.

As an aside, I'll be away for several days so I won't be checking
e-mail for a while. But I'll leave everyone to debate the issues
and will join in again when I return.

Andrew

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From: "Terry Sullivan" <terry@pantos.org>
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Subject: [Asrg] 2.a.1 Analysis of Actual Spam Data - Experimental Design
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This message is intended to address general questions of experimental 
design in a "known noisy" environment, and uses "550s-vs-spam volume" 
for illustrative purposes only.

If you're confident of your stat background, skip this first 
paragraph and go straight to the bullet points.  If not, then the 
background material in this paragraph provides context for the bullet 
points.  Viewed thru the lens of inferential statistics, there's only 
two kinds of variance in the world: explained/unexplained, aka 
between-group/within-group, or systematic/random.  Robust 
experimental design exerts as much control as possible over 
everything BUT the independent variable, which is the only thing 
that's allowed to vary systematically between the groups.  Everything 
else that varies, however slightly, between the two conditions hurts 
chances of meangingful results. (If the extraneous variance is 
systematic, then the design is confounded, and the results--whatever 
they are--meaningless; if the extraneous variance is random, then 
statistical power is compromised.)

- Ensure *crisp* separation of the 
  independent variables.  If the 
  analytical goal is to study the 
  effects of 550s, then have that be 
  the *only* source of systematic
  variance.  DO NOT "dilute" your 
  systematic variance by confounding 
  it with other variables (visibility,
  phase of the moon, eye color, etc.)

- (Under the heading of "Hey doc, it 
  hurts when I do this...")  If daily 
  spam volume is too noisy (and the 
  DATA, not the statistician, "say"
  that it is), then pick a dependent 
  measure that's more naturally 
  noise-resistant (say, monthly spam 
  volume, or even quarterly, if need
  be).  Reliablility of initial
  measurement is always preferable to 
  _post hoc_ "noise reduction."

- Studiously ensure and maintain 
  homogeneity of the experimental 
  conditions throughout the course of 
  the experiment.

Mechanics:

- Create an absolute minimum of 60 
  *pairs* of email addresses. (The
  "magic number 30" assumes data to
  be noise-free.  Statistical power 
  is a function of the number of 
  "subjects," not the number of 
  measurements.)  The use of 
  "otherwise identical" *pairs* of 
  addresses allows a little more 
  statistical power to be squeezed 
  from the data at analysis time.

- Randomly assign each address in a
  pair to an experimental condition; 
  the addresses in the experimental
  group never (repeat: never) do 
  anything but throw 550s; addresses 
  in the control group "take anything." 

    * Cautionary aside: If it were
      me, I would zealously protect 
      from the general public any 
      knowledge of which addresses
      were in which experimental 
      group.  As proof against
      experimenter mortality, I'd 
      ensure that 3 different people 
      knew which-was-which, so that
      the study could continue if I
      got hit by a bus.  But I'd 
      also limit that knowledge to 
      *just* those 3 folks.  (In
      experimental-design jargon,
      the study is referred to as
      "blind.")

- In a perfect universe, all addresses
  in both groups are served from one 
  and only one mail server.  That way, 
  "server status" affects all address
  pairs in both groups identically.

- Insofar as possible, ensure that each 
  address within a pair achieves/receives 
  "identical" visibility.  Each control
  address within a pair should "shadow" 
  its experimental counterpart as 
  precisely as possible.

    * if one address signs up for 
      a list, posts to a newsgroup, 
      appears on a Web page, or 
      whatever, the other one should 
      do it too, on the very same day

- While waiting for time to pass, 
  order a copy of Kanji, G. (1999).
  One hundred statistical tests.
  ISBN: 0-7619-6151-8
  (This is a very handy "cookbook"
  that contains raw-score formulae
  for just about every inferential 
  statistical test there is.)

- At the end of the experiment, pull 
  the pairs apart and compute a 
  regression equation for each  
  experimental group.

- Some folks may recall me saying
  that the slope of the regression
  line is not intrinsically 
  informative.  (And it isn't; 
  dispersion, not slope, expresses
  the degree of relatedness between 
  regression variables.)  However, 
  the *difference between two slopes* 
  of otherwise "identical" conditions 
  can be informative.

    * if the beta weight of the 
      regression line for the 
      control group is smaller 
      (even slightly) than that 
      of the experimental group, 
      stop.  Fail to reject the 
      null hypothesis and move 
      on to something else. 

    * Differences between the slopes 
      can compared via t-test.  If 
      that difference-in-slopes
      doesn't make at least 0.01 
      (TWO-tailed), stop.  Fail 
      to reject the null hypothesis 
      and move on to something else.

      (Remember, getting "doubles" 
      when throwing a pair of dice 
      is "statistically significant" 
      at p=0.05.)

- Having determined the "direction" of 
  the effect, the magnitude of the 
  effect can be estimated via paired 
  t-test.  Again, the goal is 0.01 or 
  bust (though 1-tailed 0.01 is now 
  "within reach").

(End of bullet points... philosophical paragraph follows.)

Some scientist (don't remember who) once described scientific inquiry 
as something like, "slaying a beautiful theory with an ugly fact." 
I'd gently urge folks to remain mindful of the fact that all the 
evidence to date (admittedly all of it still on the level of 
anecdote) speaks with a single voice: there is no systematic 
relationship between 550s and spam volume.  From Walter's "story of 
Nadine" to Peter's original data (which I've now seen and analyzed), 
not once has any nonexperimental design detected a statistically 
significant negative relationship between these two variables.  
(Peter's original data show a very modest negative correlation, too 
small to support rejection of the null, even at 0.05, one-tailed.  My 
logs for the last month show ~exactly the same-sized correlation, and 
I'm not throwing 550s at all.)

My $0.02...

- Terry



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Subject: Re: [Asrg] spammer economics; was: RE: hiring challenge responders
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Date: Fri, 15 Aug 2003 14:10:29 -0600

From: "Chris Lewis" <clewis@nortelnetworks.com>
>All of the marketers at the FTC spam panel said "we don't do X" (where X 
>was one or more of spamming, forgeries, porn etc.).  Many of them were 
>lying through their teeth.
>
>Betterly was saying "we only send stuff to people who asked for it".
>How come we got just as many complaints about her stuff as we got from 
>Stubberfield's horse porn? (quiet you! ;-)

I talked to Laura briefly, and I have talked at length to a "legitimate bulk 
mailer" that lives next door to me. Both of them realy believed that the 
problem is other bulk mailers, and both said that they honor unsubscribe 
requests.

Perhaps they are just not aware that they could be part of the problem.

John Fenley
www.Choicelist.com

_________________________________________________________________
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Subject: [Asrg] 4d. Consent Framework - Protocols and Formats - XML Based
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Date: Fri, 15 Aug 2003 16:31:43 -0400
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ASRG folks,

I have started a web site for the development of an XML based CPDL
(Consent Policy Description Language).

I have also posted a boilerplate example that we can refine until we are
happy with it. I know there are a number of examples and notes that are
missing from the boilerplate. I will review the archives and "massage
them in" to the example document as I have time - I am out of time for
today.

The site is at the following URL.
Comments are strongly encouraged.

http://www.sortmonster.com/ASRG/

I recommend - for sanity's sake - that comments on this particular
project should use the same subject line as this note so that I can more
easily keep up with the editing process.

My time is limited, but I believe I can keep up with this project for
the time being. If I begin to fall behind I will make arrangements to
coordinate with other volunteer editors... but for now let's try to keep
things simple.

Thanks,
_M

Pete McNeil (Madscientist)
President, MicroNeil Research Corporation
Chief SortMonster, www.SortMonster.com
VOX: 703-406-2016
FAX: 703-406-2017


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From: "Eric Dean" <eric@purespeed.com>
To: "Andrew Akehurst" <A.D.Akehurst-99@student.lboro.ac.uk>, <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] 6. Proposals - Challenge/response - CRI
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Date: Fri, 15 Aug 2003 16:40:39 -0400
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>
> Out of these headers, this one caught my eye:
>
>   "CRI-Sender-Exempt: identifies that the sender desires to not
>    receive a CRI message. i.e. mailing list"
>
> I'm glad you've included support for mailing lists. I'd like to
> know how you envisage this being used in practice. In section 4.2
> you state that:

Most CR systems support a variety of mailing list identification methods
that have been discussed in prior threads.  For example, sender header

>
>   "Mailing lists may include CRI-Sender-Exempt headers to
>    indicate that challenge messages should not be posted to
>    the mailing list..."
>
> What will be the content of such a header?

Good question...it could be blank..like an HTTP no-cache header..or maybe
have some content.

It should probably identify the mailing list i.e.

CRI-Sender-Exempt: asrg@ietf.org

That way the recipient could whitelist the header for now and always.

> Is it just a flag
> such as "CRI-Sender-Exempt: 1"? If so, what would stop a
> spammer from adding such headers to their messages?

Nothing.  However, a well-implemented CR system should simply suppress a
challenge message to the sender...but should probably not forward the
message as a trusted source unless the recipient whitelists.

I'm not trying to dictate how a CR system should be designed..but am trying
to provide a basic set of interoperability procotol messages to automate
interaction

> Is it true that a spammer who used such headers simply wouldn't
> be sent a challenge message?

Possibly..it's probably not a must...but is the intention

> If so I guess they wouldn't have the
> opportunity to answer a challenge and thus get themselves
> permission to send to the receiver. So maybe it's not in their
> interests to try and use such a header.

That's what I'm thinking

> The need to rewrite mailing list software to generate such headers
> is potentially more of an issue. Supposing I decided to use CRI
> yet subscribed to some mailing lists which didn't generate such
> headers.

Yes, however, many CR systems today identify lists.  Also, mailing lists
would eventually add the header..it's not necessary day 1.  There are other
uses...a CR system should also add the header to it's CR
messages...ecommerce receipts too...

> How could I ensure such messages got through?

I don't believe you can.

> My other "first reaction" to the proposal is that the SMTP idea is
> interesting although the use of a 4xx temporary failure code for a
> challenge will of course result in non-compliant sender MTAs
> retrying and repeatedly failing. Of course in the end they'll
> give up and then will the sender's original message bounce back?

I'll let Yakov reply

> I'm interested here in the interoperability issues between MTAs
> which support CRI and those which don't. Some more discussion in
> that area would be helpful.

Well..the MIME headers should be transparent...then you still have to write
a clear email message explaining what to do.

>


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Date: Fri, 15 Aug 2003 15:44:01 -0600

From: "Eric Dean" <eric@purespeed.com>
>
>Guys,
>
>Consent based systems don't exist.  Challenge response systems do
>exist...though often broken.  Rather than create something new, let's try 
>to
>fix what we have..then understand how to design it better.
>
>In other words, I have yet to receive a single comment on the CRI draft.
>There's a lot of smart people in the group..let's hear it.

My Current viewpoint on C/R and CRI:

I made a realization just a while ago. C/R basically is a fix for a missing 
part of SMTP.
SMTP (AFAIK) has no provisions for a handshake between addresses. SMTP is 
all MTA to MTA handshakes.
With this new understanding I see C/R as an acceptable way to replicate on a 
higher level the equivalent of a SYN/ACK three way handshake between the 2 
addresses involved.

Once this handshake has been performed and a connection is opened any other 
information transmited is extra and is the realm of the future users of that 
connection.

This view treats Email addresses as a new "high level IP address" for use in 
routing other information. If they are treated as such, many problems such 
as "dropped packets" and "latency" may already be solved by modern 
networking protocols. Then all that is left is consent.

Extrapolation of this view 1 more level brings us to the main issue.
The "Person" is the true destination address.

Usualy when an Email is sent the intended result is to get a message to a 
person.
The Email address tends to resolve to a person in the same way a domain name 
tends to resolve to a static IP.
This view is supported by the popularity of email address based Instant 
Messaging in which 2 way communications between actual persons is 
accomplished through the use of an address as a universal locator and ID.
Messaging systems in general should take into account that person to person 
is the real goal of device to device, and that networking protocols should 
be used if at all possible regardless of what it is called.

The reason I think spam is troublesome is that it is the equivalent of 
someone sending a stream of data at a computer without first opening a 
mutual connection, and without supplying any means to close the connection. 
The general spam problem thus converted becomes an issue of preventing 
unauthorized access to the end user, and enforcing compliance with yet to be 
established authorization protocols.

John Fenley
www.Choicelist.com

_________________________________________________________________
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Subject: [Asrg] 0. - General - ASRG Work Item Status
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Date: Sat, 16 Aug 2003 14:45:04 -0400

This message is in MIME format. Since your mail reader does not understand
this format, some or all of this message may not be legible.

------_=_NextPart_001_01C36426.81DFF9A0
Content-Type: text/plain

Please find below a list of current work items showing owner and status.
Each item also shows the associated item number from the research agenda. 

Please email me directly with any corrections. The items that are in need of
volunteers are denoted below. If you wish to contribute to ANY work item,
please email me and the item owner. This list will be posted to the ASRG
website and also distributed on the mailing list as appropriate.

 

ASRG Work Item Status

Last updated: 8/16/03

Research Agenda Item Number	 Document	 Owner	 Key Participants
Status	
1	 Inventory
<http://www.irtf.org/asrg/draft-asrg-inventory-of-problems.txt> of Problems
Liudvikas Bukys 


[bukys (at) cs.rochester.edu]

***	 v2: 4/11/03 

awaiting next version

2.a.1	 Analysis of  <http://www.irtf.org/asrg/spam_characterization.htm>
Actual Spam Data	 Peter Kay 


[peter (at) titankey.com]

Paul Judge, Damon Sauer, ***	 potential path document published: 7/2/03 

awaiting responses to Peter's call for volunteers: 8/13/03

2.a.2	 User Survey	 Ted Gavin 


[tedgavin (at) newsguy.com]

***	 awaiting requirements	
2.b	 Public  <http://www.spamarchive.org/> Trace Data	 Paul Judge 


[paul.judge (at) ciphertrust.com]

 	 established: 11/02	
3	 Requirements
<http://www.irtf.org/asrg/draft-irtf-asrg-requirements-xx-01.txt>
Russell Brand 


[Brand (at) responsible.com]

Eric Williams 

 [eric (at) infobro.com]
,***

 	
4.a	 Taxonomy
<http://www.irtf.org/asrg/draft-asrg-taxonomy-anti-spam-systems.txt>
Paul Judge	  	 v3 published: 3/20/03	
4.b	 Survey of  <http://www.irtf.org/asrg/survey_of_proposals.htm>
Solutions	 Paul Judge	  	 v0 published: 7/12/03	
4.c	 Bibliography of Spam Work	 Frank de Lange [frank@unternet.org]
***	  	
4.d
<http://www.solidmatrix.com/research/asrg/asrg-consent-framework.html>
Consent Framework	 Yakov Shafranovich [research (at) solidmatrix.com]
Pete McNeil, Paul Judge, Andrew Akehurst, ***	 v2 published: 7/6/03	
5
<http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-crocker-spam-techconsider-02.txt>
Identification of Standardization Requirements	 Dave Crocker	 John
Levine, Vernon Schrvyer	 v2 published: 6/29/03	
5	 Challenge/Response Internetworking	 Eric Dean 


[eric (at) purespeed.com]

Yakov Shafranovich	 v4 published: 8/4/03	
6	 Designated
<http://www.pan-am.ca/draft-ietf-asrg-dsprotocol-00.txt> Senders Protocol:
A Way to Identify Hosts Authorized to Send SMTP Traffic	 Gordon Fecyk
 	  	 v0 published: 3/03	
6	 Email
<http://www.elan.net/~william/asrg-emailpathverification-presentation.pdf>
Path Verification 	William Lezibon	  	 v0 published: 3/03	
6	 SHRED: Spam
<http://www.ietf.org/proceedings/03mar/slides/asrg-8.pdf> Harassment
Reduction via Economic Disincentives (presentation available above)
Balachander Krishnamurthy	  	 v0 published: 3/03	
6	 GreyListing  <http://projects.puremagic.com/greylisting/> 	Evan
Harris	  	 last published: 7/8/03	
6	 A
<http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-danisch-dns-rr-smtp-02.txt> DNS
RR for simple SMTP sender authentication	 Hadmut Danisch	  	 v2
published: 6/03	
7	 BCP - Filtering	 Chris Lewis	 Matt Sergeant	 awaiting
first draft	
7	 BCP - Blacklists	 Chris Lewis	 Matt Sergeant	 awaiting
first draft	
8.a. 	Evaluation
<http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-crocker-spam-techconsider-02.txt>
Model	 ***	  	  	

*** - Need Volunteers


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<BODY><!-- Converted from text/plain format --><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT>
<P><FONT face=Arial size=2>Please find below a list of current work items 
showing&nbsp;owner and status. Each item also shows the associated item number 
from the research agenda. </FONT></P>
<P><FONT face=Arial size=2>Please email me directly with any corrections. The 
items that are in need of volunteers are denoted below. If you wish to 
contribute to&nbsp;ANY work item, please email me and the item owner. This list 
will be posted to the ASRG website and also distributed on the mailing list as 
appropriate.</FONT></P>
<P><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT>&nbsp;</P>
<P>ASRG Work Item Status</P>
<P>Last updated: 8/16/03</P>
<TABLE id=AutoNumber1 style="BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse" borderColor=#111111 
height=339 cellSpacing=0 cellPadding=0 width="104%" border=1>
  <TBODY>
  <TR>
    <TD vAlign=top width="6%" height=38>Research Agenda Item Number</TD>
    <TD vAlign=top width="22%" height=38>Document</TD>
    <TD vAlign=top width="13%" height=38>Owner</TD>
    <TD vAlign=top width="14%" height=38>Key Participants</TD>
    <TD vAlign=top width="64%" height=38>Status</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD width="6%" height=18>1</TD>
    <TD width="22%" height=18><A 
      href="http://www.irtf.org/asrg/draft-asrg-inventory-of-problems.txt">Inventory 
      of Problems</A></TD>
    <TD width="13%" height=18>Liudvikas Bukys 
      <P>[bukys (at) cs.rochester.edu]</P></TD>
    <TD width="14%" height=18>***</TD>
    <TD width="64%" height=18>v2: 4/11/03
      <P>awaiting next version</P></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD width="6%" height=1>2.a.1</TD>
    <TD width="22%" height=1><SPAN 
      style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><A 
      href="http://www.irtf.org/asrg/spam_characterization.htm">Analysis of 
      Actual Spam Data</A></SPAN></TD>
    <TD width="13%" height=1>Peter Kay 
      <P>[peter (at) titankey.com]</P></TD>
    <TD width="14%" height=1>Paul Judge, Damon Sauer, ***</TD>
    <TD width="64%" height=1>potential path document published: 7/2/03
      <P>awaiting responses&nbsp;to&nbsp;Peter's call for volunteers: 
    8/13/03</P></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD width="6%" height=19>2.a.2</TD>
    <TD width="22%" height=19>User Survey</TD>
    <TD width="13%" height=19>Ted Gavin 
      <P>[tedgavin (at) newsguy.com]</P></TD>
    <TD width="14%" height=19>***</TD>
    <TD width="64%" height=19>awaiting requirements</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD width="6%" height=21>2.b</TD>
    <TD width="22%" height=21><A href="http://www.spamarchive.org/">Public 
      Trace Data</A></TD>
    <TD width="13%" height=21>Paul Judge 
      <P>[paul.judge (at) ciphertrust.com]</P></TD>
    <TD width="14%" height=21>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD width="64%" height=21>established: 11/02</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD width="6%" height=19>3</TD>
    <TD width="22%" height=19><A 
      href="http://www.irtf.org/asrg/draft-irtf-asrg-requirements-xx-01.txt">Requirements</A></TD>
    <TD width="13%" height=19>Russell Brand 
      <P>[Brand (at) responsible.com]</P></TD>
    <TD width="14%" height=19>Eric Williams
      <P>&nbsp;[eric (at) infobro.com]<BR>,***</P></TD>
    <TD width="64%" height=19>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD width="6%" height=19>4.a</TD>
    <TD width="22%" height=19><A 
      href="http://www.irtf.org/asrg/draft-asrg-taxonomy-anti-spam-systems.txt">Taxonomy</A></TD>
    <TD width="13%" height=19>Paul Judge</TD>
    <TD width="14%" height=19>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD width="64%" height=19>v3 published: 3/20/03</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD width="6%" height=19>4.b</TD>
    <TD width="22%" height=19><A 
      href="http://www.irtf.org/asrg/survey_of_proposals.htm">Survey of 
      Solutions</A></TD>
    <TD width="13%" height=19>Paul Judge</TD>
    <TD width="14%" height=19>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD width="64%" height=19>v0 published: 7/12/03</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD width="6%" height=19><SPAN 
      style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">4.c</SPAN></TD>
    <TD width="22%" height=19><SPAN 
      style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">Bibliography of Spam 
      Work</SPAN></TD>
    <TD width="13%" height=19>Frank de Lange [frank@unternet.org]</TD>
    <TD width="14%" height=19>***</TD>
    <TD width="64%" height=19>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD width="6%" height=19><SPAN 
      style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">4.d</SPAN></TD>
    <TD width="22%" height=19><A 
      href="http://www.solidmatrix.com/research/asrg/asrg-consent-framework.html"><SPAN 
      style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">C</SPAN><SPAN 
      style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">onsent 
      Framework</SPAN></A></TD>
    <TD width="13%" height=19>Yakov Shafranovich [research (at) 
      solidmatrix.com]</TD>
    <TD width="14%" height=19>Pete McNeil, Paul Judge, Andrew Akehurst, ***</TD>
    <TD width="64%" height=19>v2 published: 7/6/03</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD width="6%" height=19>5</TD>
    <TD width="22%" height=19><A 
      href="http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-crocker-spam-techconsider-02.txt"><SPAN 
      style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">I</SPAN><SPAN 
      style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">dentification of 
      Standardization Requirements</SPAN></A></TD>
    <TD width="13%" height=19>Dave Crocker</TD>
    <TD width="14%" height=19>John Levine, Vernon Schrvyer</TD>
    <TD width="64%" height=19>v2 published: 6/29/03</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD width="6%" height=19>5</TD>
    <TD width="22%" height=19><SPAN 
      style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">Challenge/Response 
      Internetworking</SPAN></TD>
    <TD width="13%" height=19>Eric Dean
      <P>[eric (at) purespeed.com]</P></TD>
    <TD width="14%" height=19>Yakov Shafranovich</TD>
    <TD width="64%" height=19>v4 published: 8/4/03</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD width="6%" height=19>6</TD>
    <TD width="22%" height=19><A 
      href="http://www.pan-am.ca/draft-ietf-asrg-dsprotocol-00.txt">Designated 
      Senders Protocol:&nbsp; A Way to Identify Hosts Authorized to Send SMTP 
      Traffic</A></TD>
    <TD width="13%" height=19>Gordon Fecyk<BR>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD width="14%" height=19>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD width="64%" height=19>v0 published: 3/03</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD width="6%" height=19>6</TD>
    <TD width="22%" height=19><A 
      href="http://www.elan.net/~william/asrg-emailpathverification-presentation.pdf">Email 
      Path Verification </A></TD>
    <TD width="13%" height=19>William Lezibon</TD>
    <TD width="14%" height=19>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD width="64%" height=19>v0 published: 3/03</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD width="6%" height=19>6</TD>
    <TD width="22%" height=19><A 
      href="http://www.ietf.org/proceedings/03mar/slides/asrg-8.pdf">SHRED: Spam 
      Harassment Reduction via Economic Disincentives (presentation available 
      above)</A></TD>
    <TD width="13%" height=19>Balachander Krishnamurthy</TD>
    <TD width="14%" height=19>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD width="64%" height=19>v0 published: 3/03</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD width="6%" height=19>6</TD>
    <TD width="22%" height=19><A 
      href="http://projects.puremagic.com/greylisting/">GreyListing </A></TD>
    <TD width="13%" height=19>Evan Harris</TD>
    <TD width="14%" height=19>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD width="64%" height=19>last published: 7/8/03</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD width="6%" height=19>6</TD>
    <TD width="22%" height=19><A 
      href="http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-danisch-dns-rr-smtp-02.txt">A 
      DNS RR for simple SMTP sender authentication</A></TD>
    <TD width="13%" height=19>Hadmut Danisch</TD>
    <TD width="14%" height=19>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD width="64%" height=19>v2 published: 6/03</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD width="6%" height=19>7</TD>
    <TD width="22%" height=19>BCP - Filtering</TD>
    <TD width="13%" height=19>Chris Lewis</TD>
    <TD width="14%" height=19>Matt Sergeant</TD>
    <TD width="64%" height=19>awaiting first draft</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD width="6%" height=19>7</TD>
    <TD width="22%" height=19>BCP - Blacklists</TD>
    <TD width="13%" height=19>Chris Lewis</TD>
    <TD width="14%" height=19>Matt Sergeant</TD>
    <TD width="64%" height=19>awaiting first draft</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD width="6%" height=19>8.a. </TD>
    <TD width="22%" height=19><A 
      href="http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-crocker-spam-techconsider-02.txt">Evaluation 
      Model</A></TD>
    <TD width="13%" height=19>***</TD>
    <TD width="14%" height=19>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD width="64%" height=19>&nbsp;</TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE>
<P>*** - Need Volunteers</P></BODY></HTML>

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From: Walter Dnes <waltdnes@waltdnes.org>
To: ASRG list <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 7. Best Practices - DNSBLs - Article
Message-ID: <20030817145821.A9407@m433>
References: <20030812164817.13793.qmail@stgspamfilter2.secureserver.net> <a06001200bb5f19df6a88@[10.0.1.4]>
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In-Reply-To: <a06001200bb5f19df6a88@[10.0.1.4]>; from brad.knowles@skynet.be on Wed, Aug 13, 2003 at 12:32:14AM +0200
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Date: Sun, 17 Aug 2003 14:58:21 -0400

On Wed, Aug 13, 2003 at 12:32:14AM +0200, Brad Knowles wrote

> 	That assumes that everyone knows the full reputation of all black 
> lists.  This is not a valid assumption.  Even experienced e-mail 
> practitioners may not know the reputation of even just the majority 
> of the existing black lists.
> 
> >  Do we really need an auditing organization to tell us that SPEWS
> >  has no contact information and lists more than just the spammer?
> >  Of course not. So what is the real goal of proposals for auditing
> >  organizations?
> 
> 	To help the people find out the necessary information more 
> easily.  Hell, we were using SPEWS at ntp.org, until I found out that 
> they cast their net too wide.  But it took collateral damage for me 
> to find that out.
> 
> 	I shouldn't have to suffer collateral damage or do excessive 
> amounts of investigation in order to determine the reputation of 
> major black lists.

  Have you ever heard of "RTFM" ?  Did anyone ever come to you whining
that they shouldn't have to suffer collateral damage to determine the
effects of "rm -r *" ?  Anyone who uses an unfamiliar tool without RTFM,
or at least asking about it on appropriate forums is asking for problems,
and should not expect any sympathy.  If you had read questions 5 and 6
at http://www.spews.org/faq.html (or even better, the entire FAQ) you
would've known what you were getting into.

-- 
Walter Dnes <waltdnes@waltdnes.org>
Email users are divided into two classes;
1) Those who have effective spam-blocking
2) Those who wish they did

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To: "Eric Dean" <eric@purespeed.com>,
        "Andrew Akehurst" <A.D.Akehurst-99@student.lboro.ac.uk>,
        <asrg@ietf.org>
From: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] 6. Proposals - Challenge/response - CRI
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Date: Sun, 17 Aug 2003 22:34:13 -0400

At 04:40 PM 8/15/2003, Eric Dean wrote:
>.............
> > My other "first reaction" to the proposal is that the SMTP idea is
> > interesting although the use of a 4xx temporary failure code for a
> > challenge will of course result in non-compliant sender MTAs
> > retrying and repeatedly failing. Of course in the end they'll
> > give up and then will the sender's original message bounce back?
>
>I'll let Yakov reply

[Sorry guys for the delay, but with the blackout my company's mail servers 
went offline and I missed the message.]

The CRI proposal itself proposes the use of SMTP in addition to MIME 
headers in order to facilitate easier interoperability between two systems 
that already support CRI. By using the SMTP extension, the receiver's 
system can forgo the expense of storing the email while the verification 
process takes place - instead that burden remains on the sender's system.

However, I am assuming that you are referring to "GreyListing" 
(http://projects.puremagic.com/greylisting/) which rejects the email with a 
temporary code. While GreyListing rejects email from specific 
IP/sender/recipient combinations, in C/R systems that would take place for 
any non-whitelisted message. This is in fact what Peter Key's TitanKey 
system does, although it rejects the message with a 5xx code.

A normal Internet email system will keep on retrying to send the message 
depending on settings set by administrator for quite some time (I have seen 
email systems that go on for over seven days). In the end they will fail 
and bounce the message to the sender. However, in that case the sender has 
an option to resend the message once he replied to the challenge. In that 
case, his email will go through.

NOTE: Keep in mind that the ESMTP extension in the CRI proposal only 
applies to two systems that both supports CRI. If one of the parties does 
not support CRI, then everything falls back on MIME headers.

> > I'm interested here in the interoperability issues between MTAs
> > which support CRI and those which don't. Some more discussion in
> > that area would be helpful.
>
>Well..the MIME headers should be transparent...then you still have to write
>a clear email message explaining what to do.

One of the things mentioned in the CRI proposals is the possible use of 
DSNs. DSNs have a human-readable message as well for system that are 
non-compliant. In CRI enabled systems, the human readable part will contain 
response directions for non-compliant systems. The machine-readable part 
will contain CRI headers for systems that support CRI.

Yakov  


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On Sun, 17 Aug 2003 22:33:53 -0400, Yakov Shafranovich wrote:

> Unfortunately, this lacks some controls (no checking 
> was done on rejected data to see if its actually spam)

Ah yes, the famous "100% false positive rate" approach.   :-)

I confess that it lacks a certain... subtlety, for my tastes.
After all, one can achieve the same effect with two keystrokes, or 
one procmail script.




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Date: Sun, 17 Aug 2003 22:30:52 -0400

At 01:32 PM 8/15/2003, Terry Sullivan wrote:

>This message is intended to address general questions of experimental
>design in a "known noisy" environment, and uses "550s-vs-spam volume"
>for illustrative purposes only.
>...............

We need to setup guidelines in general for the entire item #2 - Analysis 
section. All the research studies and inquiries in that section will have 
to be statistically correct, and we need to work out some details on that.

Yakov 


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Date: Sun, 17 Aug 2003 22:33:53 -0400

At 01:32 PM 8/15/2003, Terry Sullivan wrote:
>...........
>Some scientist (don't remember who) once described scientific inquiry
>as something like, "slaying a beautiful theory with an ugly fact."
>I'd gently urge folks to remain mindful of the fact that all the
>evidence to date (admittedly all of it still on the level of
>anecdote) speaks with a single voice: there is no systematic
>relationship between 550s and spam volume.  From Walter's "story of
>Nadine" to Peter's original data (which I've now seen and analyzed),
>not once has any nonexperimental design detected a statistically
>significant negative relationship between these two variables.
>(Peter's original data show a very modest negative correlation, too
>small to support rejection of the null, even at 0.05, one-tailed.  My
>logs for the last month show ~exactly the same-sized correlation, and
>I'm not throwing 550s at all.)
>
>My $0.02...

The "GreyListing" proposal uses a similar mechanism and provides some data 
as well, see http://projects.puremagic.com/greylisting/. Unfortunately, 
this lacks some controls (no checking was done on rejected data to see if 
its actually spam). In particular see the following:

-------------snip----------
Analysis of Effectiveness
Based on testing with the example implementation, over a testing period of 
about 6 weeks, we had raw numbers of:
Unique triplets seen: 346968
Unique triplets that passed email: 8950
Effectiveness (based on triplets): 97.4%

So we have a better than 97 percent efficiency assuming that all email is 
spam, but it's actually better than that, since most of the email that got 
through was not spam. Unfortunately, telling exactly how much better we did 
is impossible without individually inspecting each email, which of course 
we did not do.

Now lets look at our inefficiency:

Total emails passed: 85745
Total deliveries deferred where email was eventually passed: 33586
Percentage of emails delayed: 39.2%

Unfortunately, this is a pretty poor number. But let's correct it a bit. 
Almost all of these delayed emails were mailing list traffic which used a 
unique id for the sender address (see above note regarding VERP). So if we 
disregard all triplets that passed only one email, we should exclude that 
type of traffic, and we get a new set of numbers:

Total emails passed: 85745
Total deliveries deferred where more than one email was eventually passed: 
3512
Percentage of emails delayed (adjusted): 4.1%

This puts things in a much more favorable light, and merely disregards 
delays for emails that are generally not timely anyway.

Now let's see what effect greylisting would have on network bandwidth, 
based on some general averages.

Average size of spam emails: 5000 bytes
Average SMTP delivery attempt overhead: 500 bytes

These numbers are based on spam collected via various methods before the 
testing period. We picked these as nice round numbers that are pretty 
closely in line with analysis of previously seen spam. As for the SMTP 
overhead, in most cases it was less than 500 bytes, but we decided to err 
on the conservative side.

 From this, it follows that for every spam blocked using Greylisting, we 
save enough bandwidth to "pay" for 10 deferred delivery attempts. If we 
total that up to give a real-world number (using the unadjusted numbers to 
give a worst case picture):

338018 (# spams) x 5000 bytes = 1.69 Gbytes of bandwidth saved
33586 (# blocks) x 500 bytes = 16.7 Mbytes of bandwidth wasted

This gives us a net gain of over 1.67 Gbytes of traffic that was saved by 
implementing Greylisting in our tests. And that's just on a fairly small site.
-------------snip---------- 


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I would take issue with one of your bullet points (the rest look pretty
good).

> - In a perfect universe, all addresses
>   in both groups are served from one
>   and only one mail server.  That way,
>   "server status" affects all address
>   pairs in both groups identically.

If you do that, all you've demonstrated is that at one particular mail
server the null hypothesis appears valid or invalid.  It's perfectly
possible that spammer behaviour varies acording to destination domain (top
level domain, anyway) - it certainly appearc to me that it does in practise
so vary, since I've not seen French language spam at any of my .uk
addresses, but have seen it at .fr and .be addresses. Maybe paying attention
to 550s is something that varies in the same way.

On the question of measurement, I think it's perfectly reasonable to measure
daily volumes, then look at the data and see what is a reasonable period to
use for noise reduction - your point about measuring the right thing rather
than doing noise reduction after measuring the wrong thing is not valid when
both (a) you do not know a priori what the right thing is and (b) you can
take a measurement which contains all the information that would have been
supplied by your guessed "right thing" anyway.

Tom


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From: "Tom Thomson" <tthomson@neosinteractive.com>
To: "Walter Dnes" <waltdnes@waltdnes.org>, "ASRG list" <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] 7. Best Practices - DNSBLs - Article
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>   Have you ever heard of "RTFM" ?  Did anyone ever come to you whining
> that they shouldn't have to suffer collateral damage to determine the
> effects of "rm -r *" ?  Anyone who uses an unfamiliar tool without RTFM,
> or at least asking about it on appropriate forums is asking for problems,
> and should not expect any sympathy.  If you had read questions 5 and 6
> at http://www.spews.org/faq.html (or even better, the entire FAQ) you
> would've known what you were getting into.

Unfortunately the spews website is now quite thoroughly misleading on the
subkect of collateral damage - claims it is very rare, and doesn't explain
that they use it as a weapon against the ISPs they don't like.  Reading it
as it was many moons ago would have helped, but maybe he got bitten after
the website was toned down.

Tom


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From: "Terry Sullivan" <terry@pantos.org>
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        "Tom Thomson" <tthomson@neosinteractive.com>
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On Mon, 18 Aug 2003 10:51:46 +0100, Tom Thomson wrote:

>I would take issue with one of your bullet points (the rest look 
pretty
>good).
>
>> - In a perfect universe, all addresses
>>   in both groups are served from one
>>   and only one mail server.  That way,
>>   "server status" affects all address
>>   pairs in both groups identically.
>
>   If you do that, all you've demonstrated is that at one particular 
mail
>server the null hypothesis appears valid or invalid.  It's perfectly
>possible that spammer behaviour varies acording to destination 
domain (top
>level domain, anyway) - it certainly appearc to me that it does in 
practise
>so vary, since I've not seen French language spam at any of my .uk
>addresses, but have seen it at .fr and .be addresses. Maybe paying 
attention
>to 550s is something that varies in the same way.

I feel pretty confident that one box can respond to requests sent to 
multiple IP addresses, and therefore can serve as home to an 
arbitrarily large number of different domains.  If these email 
addresses "live" on 60 different machines, then there will be an 
additional mechanical step of "synching" the data from each machine.  
Then too, keeping one machine up for the experimental period strikes 
me as less "overhead" than keeping 60 machines going.  That I can 
see, using multiple boxes only serves as a potential confound, 
because server availability affects spam volume in a systematic way.  
If one machine (or  worse, two) go(es) "hard down" for a week or two, 
the results of the larger experiment are placed at risk.  Addressess 
served by that/those machine(s) will have a lower spam volume, of 
course, but not because of the indepdendent variable.  But, as I 
said, this feature qualifies as nice-to-have, but not required.

However, to the extent that there is some reasonable basis for 
believing that spammers respond differentially to 550s from different 
TLDs, then that imposes an additional requirement: keep the number of 
TLDs small (say, 3: .com/.org/.net), or use a LOT more addresses.

- Terry



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Subject: RE: [Asrg] 2.a.1 Analysis of Actual Spam Data - Experimental Design
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> I feel pretty confident that one box can respond to requests sent to
> multiple IP addresses, and therefore can serve as home to an
> arbitrarily large number of different domains.  If these email
> addresses "live" on 60 different machines, then there will be an
> additional mechanical step of "synching" the data from each machine.
> Then too, keeping one machine up for the experimental period strikes
> me as less "overhead" than keeping 60 machines going.  That I can
> see, using multiple boxes only serves as a potential confound,
> because server availability affects spam volume in a systematic way.
> If one machine (or  worse, two) go(es) "hard down" for a week or two,
> the results of the larger experiment are placed at risk.  Addressess
> served by that/those machine(s) will have a lower spam volume, of
> course, but not because of the indepdendent variable.  But, as I
> said, this feature qualifies as nice-to-have, but not required.

I think you misread what I was proposing.  Comparisons have to be between
mail addresses which are identical except for there 550 behaviour when
determining whether 550 behaviour affects spam volume.  So you don't compare
mailboxes on two different machines, or in two different TLDs.  What I am
saying in effect is that the experiment needs to be carried out in a number
of TLDs, since it may deliver different conclusions in different TLDs.

> However, to the extent that there is some reasonable basis for
> believing that spammers respond differentially to 550s from different
> TLDs, then that imposes an additional requirement: keep the number of
> TLDs small (say, 3: .com/.org/.net), or use a LOT more addresses.

If the one-TLD experiment uses 60 pairs of adresses, then a multi-TLD
experiment must use 60 pairs for each TLD.  Simple as that. Going to even a
small number of TLDs (eg 3 TLDs) while keeping the original number of
addreseses as you suggest is going to be a disaster if the TLD does have
some effect, as it reduces the amount of data which can tell you about the
effects of the 550 responses where they are the only independent variable by
a factor of three.
It would be helpful not to restrict the TLDs to those where English is thh
prime language, as in the three you list.  Maybe use .com, .uk, .fr, .de
(plus .org and .net maybe).

There are four potential gains to using several TLDs, provided that enough
data is collected to make a valid experiment within each individual TLD.
First, we can see whether the 550 method has different effects in different
domains; second, we can get some idea of the effect of tld on spam volume
(anecdotal evidence conflicts here, and I've seen no solid numbers);  third,
if the tld does in fact make no difference we have several times as much
data to work with; fourth, if the 550 response does indeed have an effect we
will be able to see if part of that effect is a reduction or increase in the
unexplained variance.

> >...I think it's perfectly reasonable to measure daily volumes...
>
> Knock yerself out.  Devote as much time as you like to analyzing
> daily volume.  In fact, you can start right now, using Peter's data;
> it's a large enough sample to permit a reasonably robust estimate of
> the "true" population variance.  You might find analyzing those data
> to be a statistically informative exercise; I know I did.

I'm not the least bit interested in trying to do any further analysis on
daily data.  What bothers me about just collecting (say) 90 day volumes is
that an appropriate measure might be seven day volumes or 1 month volumes or
three month volumes or even 90 days (unlikely - 90 days is neither an even
number of weeks nor an even number of months so it won't properly mask
periodic effects based on the calendar, which probably will be present).  If
I have 1 day numbers I can use then to produce the numbers for any period
which is a multiple of 1 day, and see which multiple of 1 day reduces the
unexplained variance best (provided the experiment runs for long enough,
that is) and that way I get to see whether the 550 responses (if they have
any efect at all) produce a flat reduction or a change in shape or both.

Anyway, you've already seen the comments I made after an initial analysis of
Peter's data - I think I was the first to point out that there was no
evidence of a downward tred, not even evidence of the absence of an upward
trend, and that daily volume is very noisy indeed. And without a data for a
properly organised control address to compare it with little useful analysis
can be done except to note that there is a good deal of unexplained variance
and no visible trend at any reasonable level of significance.

Tom


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From: "Sauer, Damon" <Damon.Sauer@BellSouth.com>
To: "'Yakov Shafranovich'" <research@solidmatrix.com>,
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Subject: RE: [Asrg] 2.a.1 Analysis of Actual Spam Data - Experimental Desi
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Date: Mon, 18 Aug 2003 14:12:05 -0400

We found this piece of software that will run against an exchange mailbox,
gather certain information from email in a folder and put in in a database
... It is very interesting. But it does not go far enough. Could someone
look at this? I think that it would be a GREAT help in cataloging the data.
Once the vital information is in a sql database- I can match my logs to it.

http://www.hlyspirit.org.uk/cms/index.php?id=1

 Does anyone have any useful tools (and free) tools they are using now?

Regards,
Damon Sauer

Regards,
Damon Sauer



-----Original Message-----
From: Yakov Shafranovich [mailto:research@solidmatrix.com] 
Sent: Sunday, August 17, 2003 10:31 PM
To: Terry Sullivan; asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 2.a.1 Analysis of Actual Spam Data - Experimental Design


At 01:32 PM 8/15/2003, Terry Sullivan wrote:

>This message is intended to address general questions of experimental 
>design in a "known noisy" environment, and uses "550s-vs-spam volume" 
>for illustrative purposes only. ...............

We need to setup guidelines in general for the entire item #2 - Analysis 
section. All the research studies and inquiries in that section will have 
to be statistically correct, and we need to work out some details on that.

Yakov 


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Subject: Re: [Asrg] 2.a.1 Analysis of Actual Spam Data - Experimental Desi gn 
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Date: Mon, 18 Aug 2003 11:29:47 -0700


Sauer, Damon writes:
> We found this piece of software that will run against an exchange mailbox,
> gather certain information from email in a folder and put in in a database
> ... It is very interesting. But it does not go far enough. Could someone
> look at this? I think that it would be a GREAT help in cataloging the data.
> Once the vital information is in a sql database- I can match my logs to it.

I would caution against using Exchange as a back-end for mail reception;
it rewrites the messages extensively and many key spam signatures will
be lost.

--j.

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Date: Mon, 18 Aug 2003 14:32:51 -0400

Just an FYI - My ENTIRE mail volume dropped from an average of 50M a month
to 20M a month, with the same percentage being blocked at the content
filters, after implementing address checking (550 given) at the connection.



Regards,
Damon Sauer



-----Original Message-----
From: Tom Thomson [mailto:tthomson@neosinteractive.com] 
Sent: Monday, August 18, 2003 10:52 AM
To: Terry Sullivan; asrg@ietf.org
Subject: RE: [Asrg] 2.a.1 Analysis of Actual Spam Data - Experimental Design


> I feel pretty confident that one box can respond to requests sent to 
> multiple IP addresses, and therefore can serve as home to an 
> arbitrarily large number of different domains.  If these email 
> addresses "live" on 60 different machines, then there will be an 
> additional mechanical step of "synching" the data from each machine. 
> Then too, keeping one machine up for the experimental period strikes 
> me as less "overhead" than keeping 60 machines going.  That I can see, 
> using multiple boxes only serves as a potential confound, because 
> server availability affects spam volume in a systematic way. If one 
> machine (or  worse, two) go(es) "hard down" for a week or two, the 
> results of the larger experiment are placed at risk.  Addressess 
> served by that/those machine(s) will have a lower spam volume, of 
> course, but not because of the indepdendent variable.  But, as I said, 
> this feature qualifies as nice-to-have, but not required.

I think you misread what I was proposing.  Comparisons have to be between
mail addresses which are identical except for there 550 behaviour when
determining whether 550 behaviour affects spam volume.  So you don't compare
mailboxes on two different machines, or in two different TLDs.  What I am
saying in effect is that the experiment needs to be carried out in a number
of TLDs, since it may deliver different conclusions in different TLDs.

> However, to the extent that there is some reasonable basis for 
> believing that spammers respond differentially to 550s from different 
> TLDs, then that imposes an additional requirement: keep the number of 
> TLDs small (say, 3: .com/.org/.net), or use a LOT more addresses.

If the one-TLD experiment uses 60 pairs of adresses, then a multi-TLD
experiment must use 60 pairs for each TLD.  Simple as that. Going to even a
small number of TLDs (eg 3 TLDs) while keeping the original number of
addreseses as you suggest is going to be a disaster if the TLD does have
some effect, as it reduces the amount of data which can tell you about the
effects of the 550 responses where they are the only independent variable by
a factor of three. It would be helpful not to restrict the TLDs to those
where English is thh prime language, as in the three you list.  Maybe use
.com, .uk, .fr, .de (plus .org and .net maybe).

There are four potential gains to using several TLDs, provided that enough
data is collected to make a valid experiment within each individual TLD.
First, we can see whether the 550 method has different effects in different
domains; second, we can get some idea of the effect of tld on spam volume
(anecdotal evidence conflicts here, and I've seen no solid numbers);  third,
if the tld does in fact make no difference we have several times as much
data to work with; fourth, if the 550 response does indeed have an effect we
will be able to see if part of that effect is a reduction or increase in the
unexplained variance.

> >...I think it's perfectly reasonable to measure daily volumes...
>
> Knock yerself out.  Devote as much time as you like to analyzing daily 
> volume.  In fact, you can start right now, using Peter's data; it's a 
> large enough sample to permit a reasonably robust estimate of the 
> "true" population variance.  You might find analyzing those data to be 
> a statistically informative exercise; I know I did.

I'm not the least bit interested in trying to do any further analysis on
daily data.  What bothers me about just collecting (say) 90 day volumes is
that an appropriate measure might be seven day volumes or 1 month volumes or
three month volumes or even 90 days (unlikely - 90 days is neither an even
number of weeks nor an even number of months so it won't properly mask
periodic effects based on the calendar, which probably will be present).  If
I have 1 day numbers I can use then to produce the numbers for any period
which is a multiple of 1 day, and see which multiple of 1 day reduces the
unexplained variance best (provided the experiment runs for long enough,
that is) and that way I get to see whether the 550 responses (if they have
any efect at all) produce a flat reduction or a change in shape or both.

Anyway, you've already seen the comments I made after an initial analysis of
Peter's data - I think I was the first to point out that there was no
evidence of a downward tred, not even evidence of the absence of an upward
trend, and that daily volume is very noisy indeed. And without a data for a
properly organised control address to compare it with little useful analysis
can be done except to note that there is a good deal of unexplained variance
and no visible trend at any reasonable level of significance.

Tom


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Subject: RE: [Asrg] 2.a.1 Analysis of Actual Spam Data - Experimental Desi
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Date: Mon, 18 Aug 2003 13:37:58 -0500

I can match the message to my gateway logs and pull data from there too. I
just need to be able to extract the data for it to be useful.
 Also, some tool is better than no tool. I can work around short comings as
long as the basic functionality is there.
The rewrites are also very minimal and do not destroy the information that
we am looking for.
It will also allow me to get more people involved in classifying the email.

Regards,
Damon Sauer



-----Original Message-----
From: jm@jmason.org [mailto:jm@jmason.org] 
Sent: Monday, August 18, 2003 2:30 PM
To: Sauer, Damon
Cc: 'Yakov Shafranovich'; 'Terry Sullivan'; 'asrg@ietf.org'
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 2.a.1 Analysis of Actual Spam Data - Experimental Desi
gn 



Sauer, Damon writes:
> We found this piece of software that will run against an exchange 
> mailbox, gather certain information from email in a folder and put in 
> in a database ... It is very interesting. But it does not go far 
> enough. Could someone look at this? I think that it would be a GREAT 
> help in cataloging the data. Once the vital information is in a sql 
> database- I can match my logs to it.

I would caution against using Exchange as a back-end for mail reception; it
rewrites the messages extensively and many key spam signatures will be lost.

--j.


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From: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] 2.a.1 Analysis of Actual Spam Data - Experimental
  Desi gn
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Date: Mon, 18 Aug 2003 15:47:01 -0400

Can you provide more detailed information as to what kind of blocking did 
you do. Did you reject all incoming emails with 550 and send a challenge 
message?

At 02:32 PM 8/18/2003, Sauer, Damon wrote:
>Just an FYI - My ENTIRE mail volume dropped from an average of 50M a month
>to 20M a month, with the same percentage being blocked at the content
>filters, after implementing address checking (550 given) at the connection.
>
>
>
>Regards,
>Damon Sauer
>
>
>
>-----Original Message-----
>From: Tom Thomson [mailto:tthomson@neosinteractive.com]
>Sent: Monday, August 18, 2003 10:52 AM
>To: Terry Sullivan; asrg@ietf.org
>Subject: RE: [Asrg] 2.a.1 Analysis of Actual Spam Data - Experimental Design
>
>
> > I feel pretty confident that one box can respond to requests sent to
> > multiple IP addresses, and therefore can serve as home to an
> > arbitrarily large number of different domains.  If these email
> > addresses "live" on 60 different machines, then there will be an
> > additional mechanical step of "synching" the data from each machine.
> > Then too, keeping one machine up for the experimental period strikes
> > me as less "overhead" than keeping 60 machines going.  That I can see,
> > using multiple boxes only serves as a potential confound, because
> > server availability affects spam volume in a systematic way. If one
> > machine (or  worse, two) go(es) "hard down" for a week or two, the
> > results of the larger experiment are placed at risk.  Addressess
> > served by that/those machine(s) will have a lower spam volume, of
> > course, but not because of the indepdendent variable.  But, as I said,
> > this feature qualifies as nice-to-have, but not required.
>
>I think you misread what I was proposing.  Comparisons have to be between
>mail addresses which are identical except for there 550 behaviour when
>determining whether 550 behaviour affects spam volume.  So you don't compare
>mailboxes on two different machines, or in two different TLDs.  What I am
>saying in effect is that the experiment needs to be carried out in a number
>of TLDs, since it may deliver different conclusions in different TLDs.
>
> > However, to the extent that there is some reasonable basis for
> > believing that spammers respond differentially to 550s from different
> > TLDs, then that imposes an additional requirement: keep the number of
> > TLDs small (say, 3: .com/.org/.net), or use a LOT more addresses.
>
>If the one-TLD experiment uses 60 pairs of adresses, then a multi-TLD
>experiment must use 60 pairs for each TLD.  Simple as that. Going to even a
>small number of TLDs (eg 3 TLDs) while keeping the original number of
>addreseses as you suggest is going to be a disaster if the TLD does have
>some effect, as it reduces the amount of data which can tell you about the
>effects of the 550 responses where they are the only independent variable by
>a factor of three. It would be helpful not to restrict the TLDs to those
>where English is thh prime language, as in the three you list.  Maybe use
>.com, .uk, .fr, .de (plus .org and .net maybe).
>
>There are four potential gains to using several TLDs, provided that enough
>data is collected to make a valid experiment within each individual TLD.
>First, we can see whether the 550 method has different effects in different
>domains; second, we can get some idea of the effect of tld on spam volume
>(anecdotal evidence conflicts here, and I've seen no solid numbers);  third,
>if the tld does in fact make no difference we have several times as much
>data to work with; fourth, if the 550 response does indeed have an effect we
>will be able to see if part of that effect is a reduction or increase in the
>unexplained variance.
>
> > >...I think it's perfectly reasonable to measure daily volumes...
> >
> > Knock yerself out.  Devote as much time as you like to analyzing daily
> > volume.  In fact, you can start right now, using Peter's data; it's a
> > large enough sample to permit a reasonably robust estimate of the
> > "true" population variance.  You might find analyzing those data to be
> > a statistically informative exercise; I know I did.
>
>I'm not the least bit interested in trying to do any further analysis on
>daily data.  What bothers me about just collecting (say) 90 day volumes is
>that an appropriate measure might be seven day volumes or 1 month volumes or
>three month volumes or even 90 days (unlikely - 90 days is neither an even
>number of weeks nor an even number of months so it won't properly mask
>periodic effects based on the calendar, which probably will be present).  If
>I have 1 day numbers I can use then to produce the numbers for any period
>which is a multiple of 1 day, and see which multiple of 1 day reduces the
>unexplained variance best (provided the experiment runs for long enough,
>that is) and that way I get to see whether the 550 responses (if they have
>any efect at all) produce a flat reduction or a change in shape or both.
>
>Anyway, you've already seen the comments I made after an initial analysis of
>Peter's data - I think I was the first to point out that there was no
>evidence of a downward tred, not even evidence of the absence of an upward
>trend, and that daily volume is very noisy indeed. And without a data for a
>properly organised control address to compare it with little useful analysis
>can be done except to note that there is a good deal of unexplained variance
>and no visible trend at any reasonable level of significance.
>
>Tom


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To: "Pete (Madscientist)" <madscientist@microneil.com>, <asrg@ietf.org>
From: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 4d. Consent Framework - Protocols and Formats - XML
  Based
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Date: Mon, 18 Aug 2003 15:54:21 -0400

At 04:31 PM 8/15/2003, Pete (Madscientist) wrote:
>ASRG folks,
>
>I have started a web site for the development of an XML based CPDL
>(Consent Policy Description Language).
>
>I have also posted a boilerplate example that we can refine until we are
>happy with it. I know there are a number of examples and notes that are
>missing from the boilerplate. I will review the archives and "massage
>them in" to the example document as I have time - I am out of time for
>today.
>
>The site is at the following URL.
>Comments are strongly encouraged.
>
>http://www.sortmonster.com/ASRG/

Any particular reason why the implementation specific details are included 
within the same XML files? Consent policies will need to be 
implementation-independent and it might be a good idea to split them up 
into two XML files. This is similar to the way the J2EE platform handles 
deployment - two XML files are provided, one vendor and implementation 
neutral, and the second implementation-specific.

Also, do we need to include the identification of the person or system that 
the policy applies to?

Yakov 


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From: "Sauer, Damon" <Damon.Sauer@BellSouth.com>
To: "'Yakov Shafranovich'" <research@solidmatrix.com>,
        "Sauer, Damon" <Damon.Sauer@BellSouth.com>,
        "'Tom Thomson'" <tthomson@neosinteractive.com>,
        "'Terry Sullivan'" <terry@pantos.org>,
        "'asrg@ietf.org'" <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] 2.a.1 Analysis of Actual Spam Data - Experimental Desi
	 gn
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Date: Mon, 18 Aug 2003 16:31:37 -0400

I rejected only those addresses that did not exist in my address database of
users and honeypot addresses.
If the address did not exist the error is "550 user unknown". I cant go into
anymore detail as to what happens to senders that give more than x number of
550s or how that data is compiled and applied.

Regards, 
Damon Sauer 



-----Original Message-----
From: Yakov Shafranovich [mailto:research@solidmatrix.com]
Sent: Monday, August 18, 2003 3:47 PM
To: Sauer, Damon; 'Tom Thomson'; 'Terry Sullivan'; 'asrg@ietf.org'
Subject: RE: [Asrg] 2.a.1 Analysis of Actual Spam Data - Experimental
Desi gn


Can you provide more detailed information as to what kind of blocking did 
you do. Did you reject all incoming emails with 550 and send a challenge 
message?

At 02:32 PM 8/18/2003, Sauer, Damon wrote:
>Just an FYI - My ENTIRE mail volume dropped from an average of 50M a month
>to 20M a month, with the same percentage being blocked at the content
>filters, after implementing address checking (550 given) at the connection.
>
>
>
>Regards,
>Damon Sauer
>
>
>
>-----Original Message-----
>From: Tom Thomson [mailto:tthomson@neosinteractive.com]
>Sent: Monday, August 18, 2003 10:52 AM
>To: Terry Sullivan; asrg@ietf.org
>Subject: RE: [Asrg] 2.a.1 Analysis of Actual Spam Data - Experimental
Design
>
>
> > I feel pretty confident that one box can respond to requests sent to
> > multiple IP addresses, and therefore can serve as home to an
> > arbitrarily large number of different domains.  If these email
> > addresses "live" on 60 different machines, then there will be an
> > additional mechanical step of "synching" the data from each machine.
> > Then too, keeping one machine up for the experimental period strikes
> > me as less "overhead" than keeping 60 machines going.  That I can see,
> > using multiple boxes only serves as a potential confound, because
> > server availability affects spam volume in a systematic way. If one
> > machine (or  worse, two) go(es) "hard down" for a week or two, the
> > results of the larger experiment are placed at risk.  Addressess
> > served by that/those machine(s) will have a lower spam volume, of
> > course, but not because of the indepdendent variable.  But, as I said,
> > this feature qualifies as nice-to-have, but not required.
>
>I think you misread what I was proposing.  Comparisons have to be between
>mail addresses which are identical except for there 550 behaviour when
>determining whether 550 behaviour affects spam volume.  So you don't
compare
>mailboxes on two different machines, or in two different TLDs.  What I am
>saying in effect is that the experiment needs to be carried out in a number
>of TLDs, since it may deliver different conclusions in different TLDs.
>
> > However, to the extent that there is some reasonable basis for
> > believing that spammers respond differentially to 550s from different
> > TLDs, then that imposes an additional requirement: keep the number of
> > TLDs small (say, 3: .com/.org/.net), or use a LOT more addresses.
>
>If the one-TLD experiment uses 60 pairs of adresses, then a multi-TLD
>experiment must use 60 pairs for each TLD.  Simple as that. Going to even a
>small number of TLDs (eg 3 TLDs) while keeping the original number of
>addreseses as you suggest is going to be a disaster if the TLD does have
>some effect, as it reduces the amount of data which can tell you about the
>effects of the 550 responses where they are the only independent variable
by
>a factor of three. It would be helpful not to restrict the TLDs to those
>where English is thh prime language, as in the three you list.  Maybe use
>.com, .uk, .fr, .de (plus .org and .net maybe).
>
>There are four potential gains to using several TLDs, provided that enough
>data is collected to make a valid experiment within each individual TLD.
>First, we can see whether the 550 method has different effects in different
>domains; second, we can get some idea of the effect of tld on spam volume
>(anecdotal evidence conflicts here, and I've seen no solid numbers);
third,
>if the tld does in fact make no difference we have several times as much
>data to work with; fourth, if the 550 response does indeed have an effect
we
>will be able to see if part of that effect is a reduction or increase in
the
>unexplained variance.
>
> > >...I think it's perfectly reasonable to measure daily volumes...
> >
> > Knock yerself out.  Devote as much time as you like to analyzing daily
> > volume.  In fact, you can start right now, using Peter's data; it's a
> > large enough sample to permit a reasonably robust estimate of the
> > "true" population variance.  You might find analyzing those data to be
> > a statistically informative exercise; I know I did.
>
>I'm not the least bit interested in trying to do any further analysis on
>daily data.  What bothers me about just collecting (say) 90 day volumes is
>that an appropriate measure might be seven day volumes or 1 month volumes
or
>three month volumes or even 90 days (unlikely - 90 days is neither an even
>number of weeks nor an even number of months so it won't properly mask
>periodic effects based on the calendar, which probably will be present).
If
>I have 1 day numbers I can use then to produce the numbers for any period
>which is a multiple of 1 day, and see which multiple of 1 day reduces the
>unexplained variance best (provided the experiment runs for long enough,
>that is) and that way I get to see whether the 550 responses (if they have
>any efect at all) produce a flat reduction or a change in shape or both.
>
>Anyway, you've already seen the comments I made after an initial analysis
of
>Peter's data - I think I was the first to point out that there was no
>evidence of a downward tred, not even evidence of the absence of an upward
>trend, and that daily volume is very noisy indeed. And without a data for a
>properly organised control address to compare it with little useful
analysis
>can be done except to note that there is a good deal of unexplained
variance
>and no visible trend at any reasonable level of significance.
>
>Tom


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To: Walter Dnes <waltdnes@waltdnes.org>
From: Brad Knowles <brad.knowles@skynet.be>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 7. Best Practices - DNSBLs - Article
Cc: ASRG list <asrg@ietf.org>
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Date: Mon, 18 Aug 2003 19:53:24 +0200

At 2:58 PM -0400 2003/08/17, Walter Dnes wrote:

>    Have you ever heard of "RTFM" ?

	What part of "I read the FM" don't you understand?  What part of 
"I've been using them for years, and thought they were some of the 
good guys" don't you understand?  What part of English don't you 
understand?

-- 
Brad Knowles, <brad.knowles@skynet.be>

"They that can give up essential liberty to obtain a little temporary
safety deserve neither liberty nor safety."
     -Benjamin Franklin, Historical Review of Pennsylvania.

GCS/IT d+(-) s:+(++)>: a C++(+++)$ UMBSHI++++$ P+>++ L+ !E-(---) W+++(--) N+
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To: "Sauer, Damon" <Damon.Sauer@BellSouth.com>
From: Brad Knowles <brad.knowles@skynet.be>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] 2.a.1 Analysis of Actual Spam Data -
 Experimental Desi 	gn
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Date: Mon, 18 Aug 2003 22:29:26 +0200

At 2:32 PM -0400 2003/08/18, Sauer, Damon wrote:

>  Just an FYI - My ENTIRE mail volume dropped from an average of 50M a month
>  to 20M a month, with the same percentage being blocked at the content
>  filters, after implementing address checking (550 given) at the connection.

	Keep in mind that there are those of us who simply refuse to 
communicate with anyone that uses a C-R type system.

	So, what's your loss in legitimate volume?  Do you know how many 
people might have had real e-mail to send you, but decided not to 
bother?

-- 
Brad Knowles, <brad.knowles@skynet.be>

"They that can give up essential liberty to obtain a little temporary
safety deserve neither liberty nor safety."
     -Benjamin Franklin, Historical Review of Pennsylvania.

GCS/IT d+(-) s:+(++)>: a C++(+++)$ UMBSHI++++$ P+>++ L+ !E-(---) W+++(--) N+
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To: "'Brad Knowles'" <brad.knowles@skynet.be>,
        "'Sauer, Damon'"
	 <Damon.Sauer@BellSouth.com>
Cc: "'Tom Thomson'" <tthomson@neosinteractive.com>,
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	 <terry@pantos.org>,
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Subject: RE: [Asrg] 2.a.1 Analysis of Actual Spam Data - Experimental Desi
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Date: Mon, 18 Aug 2003 17:08:45 -0400

As Damon stated in his first and second post on this topic, this is not
challenge-response. It is simply address verification. If the address does
not exist, a 550 error is given.

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Brad Knowles [mailto:brad.knowles@skynet.be] 
> Sent: Monday, August 18, 2003 4:29 PM
> To: Sauer, Damon
> Cc: 'Tom Thomson'; 'Terry Sullivan'; 'asrg@ietf.org'
> Subject: RE: [Asrg] 2.a.1 Analysis of Actual Spam Data - 
> Experimental Desi gn
> 
> 
> At 2:32 PM -0400 2003/08/18, Sauer, Damon wrote:
> 
> >  Just an FYI - My ENTIRE mail volume dropped from an 
> average of 50M a 
> > month  to 20M a month, with the same percentage being 
> blocked at the 
> > content  filters, after implementing address checking (550 
> given) at 
> > the connection.
> 
> 	Keep in mind that there are those of us who simply refuse to 
> communicate with anyone that uses a C-R type system.
> 
> 	So, what's your loss in legitimate volume?  Do you know 
> how many 
> people might have had real e-mail to send you, but decided not to 
> bother?
> 
> -- 
> Brad Knowles, <brad.knowles@skynet.be>
> 
> "They that can give up essential liberty to obtain a little 
> temporary safety deserve neither liberty nor safety."
>      -Benjamin Franklin, Historical Review of Pennsylvania.
> 
> GCS/IT d+(-) s:+(++)>: a C++(+++)$ UMBSHI++++$ P+>++ L+ 
> !E-(---) W+++(--) N+
> !w--- O- M++ V PS++(+++) PE- Y+(++) PGP>+++ t+(+++) 5++(+++) 
> X++(+++) R+(+++)
> tv+(+++) b+(++++) DI+(++++) D+(++) G+(++++) e++>++++ h--- r---(+++)* 
> tv+z(+++)
> 
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
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> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg
> 

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From: "Sauer, Damon" <Damon.Sauer@bellsouth.com>
To: "'Brad Knowles'" <brad.knowles@skynet.be>,
        "'asrg@ietf.org'" <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] 2.a.1 Analysis of Actual Spam Data - Experimental Desi
	 	gn
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Date: Mon, 18 Aug 2003 16:31:14 -0500

>>  Just an FYI - My ENTIRE mail volume dropped from an average of 50M a 
>> month  to 20M a month, with the same percentage being blocked at the 
>> content  filters, after implementing address checking (550 given) at 
>> the connection.

>	Keep in mind that there are those of us who simply refuse to 
>communicate with anyone that uses a C-R type system.


 It is not C-R. You give me a RCPT TO: the RCPT TO: is checked against my
address database. If it is good I say OK. If it is bad I say 550 No such
user. If you don't want to communicate with be because of that... I am
sorry- I guess we will never get your mail.
 But I have NEVER had a single, not one solitary complaint in the entire
year we have been doing this.
I think that it is VERY interesting that 40% of my volume just up and left
me alone after I started doing it however.


>	So, what's your loss in legitimate volume?  Do you know how many 
>people might have had real e-mail to send you, but decided not to 
>bother?

  I think that you just misunderstood how I am doing verifications.
Hopefully I explained it better above. I apologize for the confusion.


Brad Knowles, <brad.knowles@skynet.be>

"They that can give up essential liberty to obtain a little temporary safety
deserve neither liberty nor safety."
     -Benjamin Franklin, Historical Review of Pennsylvania.

GCS/IT d+(-) s:+(++)>: a C++(+++)$ UMBSHI++++$ P+>++ L+ !E-(---) W+++(--) N+
!w--- O- M++ V PS++(+++) PE- Y+(++) PGP>+++ t+(+++) 5++(+++) X++(+++)
R+(+++)
tv+(+++) b+(++++) DI+(++++) D+(++) G+(++++) e++>++++ h--- r---(+++)* 
tv+z(+++)


*****
"The information transmitted is intended only for the person or entity to
which it is addressed and may contain confidential, proprietary, and/or
privileged material.  Any review, retransmission, dissemination or other use
of, or taking of any action in reliance upon, this information by persons or
entities other than the intended recipient is prohibited.  If you received
this in error, please contact the sender and delete the material from all
computers."

_______________________________________________
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] 7. Best Practices - DNSBLs - Article
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Date: Mon, 18 Aug 2003 17:34:19 -0400

On Mon, Aug 18, 2003 at 07:53:24PM +0200, Brad Knowles wrote
> At 2:58 PM -0400 2003/08/17, Walter Dnes wrote:
> 
> >    Have you ever heard of "RTFM" ?
> 
> 	What part of "I read the FM" don't you understand?  What part of 
> "I've been using them for years, and thought they were some of the 
> good guys" don't you understand?  What part of English don't you 
> understand?

  Quoting from your original message...

> Hell, we were using SPEWS at ntp.org, until I found out that they
                                        *****************
> cast their net too wide.  But it took collateral damage for me to
> find that out.

  No two interpretations about it.  You used SPEWS and then found out
about its policies.  By "we" I assume you meant "corporate we".  You
also say "until I found out", which implies that you were able to turn
SPEWS on/off at your site.  It's right there in black and white at
http://www.spews.org/faq.html


Q5: Why are network addresses listed if no spam has originated from
them?

A5: They are listed because they have been set up by known spammers and
spam support operations, most with a demonstrable repeated history of
spamming or spamming services. They are also listed if they host
websites advertised in spam, as this too falls under spamming services -
these listings normally occur if the owners of that network address
range do not remove the offenders.


Q6: How did "I" get into SPEWS?!

A6: Normally it is not "you" who was listed but your ISP or host. They
may have been listed due to spam originating from their section of the
Internet or due to their hosting or providing services for known
spammers. The SPEWS bounce page covers this in more detail. Now if you
are a spammer, or spammer supporter, yourself, you were listed for that
reason.


A7: We want to list any identifiable network block that is owned or run
by the spammers or spammer supporters themselves. This way we can lessen
their effectiveness at spamming. Even if the spam doesn't come from
there, they may use it to host spamvertized sites or use their network
connection to harvest email addresses from Internet webpages.

-- 
Walter Dnes <waltdnes@waltdnes.org>
Email users are divided into two classes;
1) Those who have effective spam-blocking
2) Those who wish they did

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To: "Sauer, Damon" <Damon.Sauer@bellsouth.com>
From: Brad Knowles <brad.knowles@skynet.be>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] 2.a.1 Analysis of Actual Spam Data -
 Experimental Desi 	 	gn
Cc: "'Brad Knowles'" <brad.knowles@skynet.be>,
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Date: Mon, 18 Aug 2003 23:51:24 +0200

At 4:31 PM -0500 2003/08/18, Sauer, Damon wrote:

>   It is not C-R.

	Sorry, my mistake.  I misunderstood.

>                  You give me a RCPT TO: the RCPT TO: is checked against my
>  address database. If it is good I say OK. If it is bad I say 550 No such
>  user.

	Okay, now I'm really confused.  I thought that most mail systems 
did this -- if you try to send mail to an account that doesn't exist, 
they respond with an error and refuse to accept the message.  Thus, 
the mail volume goes down.

	Is there something additional that has been done here?

-- 
Brad Knowles, <brad.knowles@skynet.be>

"They that can give up essential liberty to obtain a little temporary
safety deserve neither liberty nor safety."
     -Benjamin Franklin, Historical Review of Pennsylvania.

GCS/IT d+(-) s:+(++)>: a C++(+++)$ UMBSHI++++$ P+>++ L+ !E-(---) W+++(--) N+
!w--- O- M++ V PS++(+++) PE- Y+(++) PGP>+++ t+(+++) 5++(+++) X++(+++) R+(+++)
tv+(+++) b+(++++) DI+(++++) D+(++) G+(++++) e++>++++ h--- r---(+++)* z(+++)

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|>The site is at the following URL.
|>Comments are strongly encouraged.
|>
|>http://www.sortmonster.com/ASRG/
|
|Any particular reason why the implementation specific details 
|are included 
|within the same XML files? Consent policies will need to be 
|implementation-independent and it might be a good idea to 
|split them up 
|into two XML files. This is similar to the way the J2EE 
|platform handles 
|deployment - two XML files are provided, one vendor and implementation 
|neutral, and the second implementation-specific.

I agree. I am showing them in the same file for now so that those who
have suggested scripting as a method of defining CPDL might see how that
might be implemented with the framework.

In the end we may decide to allow the separation of any number of
components of the CPDL.

Though the reference does not show it yet I think we should also define
language for including segments. This might satisfy the separation by
itself. I consider the part of the work that allows the inclusion of
segments to be part of the inheritance and sharing models so I've not
clarified that yet in the reference.

Presumably the specification would allow for a specific implementation
to derive a complete policy for a given scope from any number of other
policies available by using some rules to define how this merge takes
place.

In the broadest sense this may include merging parts of the CPDL that
define implementation where certain systems may provide features on a
group and/or user basis... or may provide facilities to allow user
provided features.

I think we should allow for this flexibility but we should be careful
not to make the mechanisms for separating segments of the CPDL overly
complex. I'm hopeful we can define a few simple mechanisms and rules
that will provide the bulk of this capability, along with some broad
room for implementation specific enhancements.

For now at least I think the reference should move ahead with all parts
combined - perhaps with the understanding that what we see in the
reference would be the effective combined result of an implementation's
use of inheritance, sharing, and isolation mechanisms.

(Given the nature of XML, it is generally easy to visualize how each
element might translate into an object in software. Therefore,
expressing the entire composition in a single document may help to imply
the necessary linkages so that those too might be evaluated... this will
make for a good specification that can be readily translated into
working code... (works for us usually!)).

This will allow us to concentrate first on language elements and their
interactions. Once that part is stabilized we can create implementation
references to act as examples of each facility at work.

|Also, do we need to include the identification of the person 
|or system that 
|the policy applies to?

Yes. I have some thoughts on that and will be making a stab at it
shortly. Again this touches on inheritance and sharing mechanisms since
one will need to be able to define the 'who' in "who owns this policy",
"who can see these policy elements", "who did I inherit these elements
from", etc...

The sharing mechanisms are the next "hard problem" I plan to focus on.
The implementation of tests, and the creation of policies seems to be
largely solved and is now a matter of exploration, iteration and
refinement.

I'll focus more on the sharing mechanisms next.

Suggestions are welcome.

_M


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Date: Tue, 19 Aug 2003 01:55:43 -0400

I have posted new revisions to the example xml document.
Please find information about the document and the document itself at:

http://www.sortmonster.com/ASRG

In this revision I've introduced concepts for sharing (exporting / 
importing) groups of elements from a CPD (Consent Policy 
Definition/Document). This includes a short description of how 
implementation specific elements may be isolated or even imported into an 
xml based CPD.

Comments and discussion are encouraged.

Thanks,
_M


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Date: Tue, 19 Aug 2003 06:20:43 -0200

Brad Knowles wrote:
>>At 4:31 PM -0500 2003/08/18, Sauer, Damon wrote:
>>You give me a RCPT TO: the RCPT TO: is checked against my
>>address database. If it is good I say OK. If it is bad I say 550 No such
>>user.
>
>Okay, now I'm really confused. I thought that most mail systems did this -- 
>if you try to send mail to an account that doesn't exist, they respond with 
>an error and refuse to accept the message. Thus, the mail volume goes down.

Damon, can you to estimate how long those addresses you send a 550 from, do 
keep clean? If so, we have a direct prof that some spammers do try to make 
their handling more effective and all antispam  software might return a 550 
message on spams, independent of blocking method. It depens on how regular 
this is, have you identified which servers (not sender addresses) that react 
in this way, indicating they are in control of a spammer? Is it a larg 
number of servers or a minor number?

Kurt Magnusson

_________________________________________________________________
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Subject: Re: RE: [Asrg] 2.a.1 Analysis of Actual Spam Data - Experimental Desi    gn
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Date: Tue, 19 Aug 2003 14:15:35 +0100

> At 4:31 PM -0500 2003/08/18, Sauer, Damon wrote:
> 
> 
> >   It is not C-R.
> 
> 	Sorry, my mistake.  I misunderstood.
> 
> > You give me a RCPT TO: the RCPT TO: is checked against my
> > address database. If it is good I say OK. If it is bad I say 550 No
> such
> >  user.
> 
> 	Okay, now I'm really confused.  I thought that most mail systems 
> did this -- if you try to send mail to an account that doesn't exist, 
> they respond with an error and refuse to accept the message.  Thus, 
> the mail volume goes down.
> 
> 	Is there something additional that has been done here?
> 

Indeed, many systems do not. A customer on a network that I'm familiar with
called the operations team to ask them if they could fiddle with their
firewall (in fact that firewall is managed by someone else that they hired
- which I guess they'd forgotten) to block port 25 for a particular IP
range.
The demand of generating bounces to a spam run (to no doubt forged senders)
had crippled their (exchange) server. When asked why they weren't just
rejecting unknown recipients they said that Mgmt wanted to see
"wrong email addresses".  How we laughed.

And then of course there's Yahoo and many others.





--

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 Experimental Desi    gn
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Date: Tue, 19 Aug 2003 16:13:15 +0200

At 2:15 PM +0100 2003/08/19, Jon Kyme wrote:

>  The demand of generating bounces to a spam run (to no doubt forged senders)
>  had crippled their (exchange) server. When asked why they weren't just
>  rejecting unknown recipients they said that Mgmt wanted to see
>  "wrong email addresses".  How we laughed.

	Hmm.  Well, issuing response codes like that immediately to mail 
messages could also be used as a method of determining what are valid 
e-mail accounts.

	Out of curiosity, have you tried the reverse?  Specifically, 
seeing if you get more or less spam sent directly to your valid 
accounts when you do not issue 55x responses to attempts to send 
e-mail to invalid accounts?

>  And then of course there's Yahoo and many others.

	Due to the way the AOL mail system was structured, we had this 
problem as well.  This was resolved once they went to the 
next-generation mail gateway servers that had direct access to the 
back-end system, and could write the message directly through without 
any queueing.

	Of course, then spammers just try to route their effluent through 
the backup MXes, in the hope that they don't check whether or not the 
recipient is valid.  ;(

-- 
Brad Knowles, <brad.knowles@skynet.be>

"They that can give up essential liberty to obtain a little temporary
safety deserve neither liberty nor safety."
     -Benjamin Franklin, Historical Review of Pennsylvania.

GCS/IT d+(-) s:+(++)>: a C++(+++)$ UMBSHI++++$ P+>++ L+ !E-(---) W+++(--) N+
!w--- O- M++ V PS++(+++) PE- Y+(++) PGP>+++ t+(+++) 5++(+++) X++(+++) R+(+++)
tv+(+++) b+(++++) DI+(++++) D+(++) G+(++++) e++>++++ h--- r---(+++)* z(+++)

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From: "Sauer, Damon" <Damon.Sauer@BellSouth.com>
To: "'Jon Kyme'" <jrk@merseymail.com>, ASRG <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: RE: [Asrg] 2.a.1 Analysis of Actual Spam Data - Experimental 
	Desi    gn
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Date: Tue, 19 Aug 2003 11:13:02 -0400

 Our message systems, in the past, in order to do filtering and routing (we
have over 60 domains) accepted all email to those domains and did address
checking later.
 To answer the second question from Kurt... If I am understanding your
question correctly, No. There is no way to really tell because we do not
keep historical data for 550's for the purpose of analysis and my systems,
before we started address checking, didn't know about 550's. So there is
nothing to compare. My anti-spam scripts care more about how many 550's I
get, not which ones I am getting. However, I was able to remove over 8000 ip
addresses and ranges from our untrusted domains list due to these addresses
not trying to attach to us anymore. I can correlate most of the removals to
the fact that we started address checking, but I do not have empirical data
to "prove" that.

Regards, 
Damon Sauer 



-----Original Message-----
From: Jon Kyme [mailto:jrk@merseymail.com]
Sent: Tuesday, August 19, 2003 9:16 AM
To: ASRG
Subject: Re: RE: [Asrg] 2.a.1 Analysis of Actual Spam Data -
Experimental Desi gn


> At 4:31 PM -0500 2003/08/18, Sauer, Damon wrote:
> 
> 
> >   It is not C-R.
> 
> 	Sorry, my mistake.  I misunderstood.
> 
> > You give me a RCPT TO: the RCPT TO: is checked against my
> > address database. If it is good I say OK. If it is bad I say 550 No
> such
> >  user.
> 
> 	Okay, now I'm really confused.  I thought that most mail systems 
> did this -- if you try to send mail to an account that doesn't exist, 
> they respond with an error and refuse to accept the message.  Thus, 
> the mail volume goes down.
> 
> 	Is there something additional that has been done here?
> 

Indeed, many systems do not. A customer on a network that I'm familiar with
called the operations team to ask them if they could fiddle with their
firewall (in fact that firewall is managed by someone else that they hired
- which I guess they'd forgotten) to block port 25 for a particular IP
range.
The demand of generating bounces to a spam run (to no doubt forged senders)
had crippled their (exchange) server. When asked why they weren't just
rejecting unknown recipients they said that Mgmt wanted to see
"wrong email addresses".  How we laughed.

And then of course there's Yahoo and many others.





--

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To: Pete McNeil <madscientist@microneil.com>, asrg@ietf.org
From: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 4d. Consent Framework - Protocols and Formats - XML
   Based
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Date: Tue, 19 Aug 2003 11:38:23 -0400

At 01:55 AM 8/19/2003, Pete McNeil wrote:
>I have posted new revisions to the example xml document.
>Please find information about the document and the document itself at:
>
>http://www.sortmonster.com/ASRG
>
>In this revision I've introduced concepts for sharing (exporting / 
>importing) groups of elements from a CPD (Consent Policy 
>Definition/Document). This includes a short description of how 
>implementation specific elements may be isolated or even imported into an 
>xml based CPD.
>
>Comments and discussion are encouraged.

Since this format is in XML can we leverage XML-related technologies such 
as XInclude, XPath, XSLT, etc. Some of them can prove to be very useful - 
for example XInclude can be used to combine policies, XLinks can be used to 
refer to specific elements within policies, etc.  


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Subject: RE: [Asrg] 4d. Consent Framework - Protocols and Formats - XML   Based
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|-----Original Message-----
|From: Yakov Shafranovich [mailto:research@solidmatrix.com] 
|Sent: Tuesday, August 19, 2003 11:38 AM
<snip>
|
|Since this format is in XML can we leverage XML-related 
|technologies such 
|as XInclude, XPath, XSLT, etc. Some of them can prove to be 
|very useful - 
|for example XInclude can be used to combine policies, XLinks 
|can be used to 
|refer to specific elements within policies, etc. 

I had intuitively hedged away from these when I was working on the
examples. After your note I did some research to figure out what my
intuition was telling me.

XInclude, XPath, and XSLT provide some mechanisms for including external
XML. Their use is a little bit convoluted (but not much) for simple
includes, but I think their use in the more common CPD sharing
application may be very complex when compared to a CPD specific
protocol.

There are two drawbacks that I see and one benefit.

The drawbacks are that CPD element sharing tends to require a complex
mix of sharing rules and transforms as a rule. Specifically that one
SYSTEM in a CPD network will share portions of it's CPD and import
portions of it's CPD in very specific ways.

The raw XML components tend to primarily focus on the inclusion of whole
documents. There are some provisions for the kind of complex sharing
mechanisms we require, for example XLink allows for application specific
parsing, however the implementation is a bit confusing (I may need
coaching).

The benefit... XInclude seems to work just fine when a wholesale import
is required, and may be a preferred mechanism for those cases. In
general there is no reason that XInclude, and in fact any of the XML
mechanisms can't be implemented - though I think they may be of limited
use in this application. (An XML expert may prove me wrong here!) 

I would recommend that if these elements are implemented they should
probably be limited to the manipulation of a SYSTEMs local CPD - but if
someone can recommend some pure XML based implementations of sharing
partial documents between SYSTEMs then we should include those examples
for reference and compare the results.

I will make an example of XInclude to go along with the current local
IMPORT example. Other examples such as XLink are a bit beyond me right
now - if an XML guru is willing to construct some examples I will
include them.

---

I will try to clarify the requirements -

In the purest sense, a CPD that can inherit or export portions if itself
becomes part of a network. In the example document, each node on the
network is identified as a SYSTEM.

Each SYSTEM must control which parts of it's local CPD are imported and
exported, and must also control any translations that occur.

(XLink should be able to do this because it explicitly states that
parsing happens at the application level).

It appears that the majority of decisions used to define and execute
sharing transactions can be described in a few finite terms - but
perhaps with complex consequences. As such it seems to me that in order
to keep the complexity of the system down we can define a simplified
interface with specific expectations. The elements that describe these
can be CPDL specific structures that encapsulate this functionality
rather than xml structures that are extended to meet this functionality.

The framework so far seems to require mechanisms for:

Defining elements or groups of elements that can be exported, and can be
named for that purpose. (Use GROUP).

Defining elements or groups of elements that can be imported and reused.
(Use the IMPORT side of GROUP).

Defining the translation of elements or groups of elements upon import.
(Use IMPORT parameters. Careful placement of IMPORT within internal
GROUPs - in this case the internal GROUP creates a "wrapper" around the
import thereby effecting the translation).

Defining merge specification to resolve conflicts with local policy
elements and provide mechanisms for aggregating incoming policy elements
when necessary. (Use ALLOW-IMPORT using "weight" and "aggregation"
coupled with IMPORT "aggregation" to define placement and translation.
Other mechanisms still needed, but likely to fit within this framework.)

Defining security constraints for the import and export of policy
elements. (Use ALLOW-IMPORT and ALLOW-EXPORT in conjunction with SYSTEM
to define the connections of the CPD network elements and the
constraints on those connections.)

Comments?

_M

PS: Perhaps "location" attributes should be constrained to "href" ?

Should <IMPORT file="/etc/CPDL..." /> 

become <IMPORT href="file://etc/CPDL..." />

I think yes unless I get other comments.



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To: Andrew Akehurst <A.D.Akehurst-99@student.lboro.ac.uk>
From: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 4d. Consent Framework - Protocols and Formats
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Date: Wed, 20 Aug 2003 00:45:38 -0400

At 10:18 AM 8/15/2003, Andrew Akehurst wrote:
>..........
> > The question is whether SCOPE and SCOPE RULES are independent, or are
> > they just specific examples of CONSENT RULES and POLICIES.
>
>It's tempting to think that "scope" is merely an attribute of a rule,
>rather than an entity in its own right.
>
>If scope were a simple value then I don't see what attributes
>it could have, other than being "local", "shareable" or whatever
>value the scope has. (I invented these labels at random, I'm not
>claiming they're good suggestions, just examples that came to mind
>at the time)
>
>It's a common design principle that anything which has only one
>attribute (i.e. its value) is not considered to be a separate entity
>but is instead a flat "primitive" attribute of something else.
>I'd suggest that (for the sake of simplicity) unless anyone can
>demonstrate that a scope has additional attributes of its own, then
>why not make scope part of a rule or policy definition?
>
>A nice example of this use of scope was Jon Kyme's example of a
>consent schema:
>
> 
>https://www1.ietf.org/mail-archive/working-groups/asrg/current/msg01022.html
>
>His suggestion was for scope to be "local", "organisational" or
>"global", with regards to how widely it is shared. Is this a
>reasonable starting point?

I think we need to work this out better - this is something that needs to 
be cleared up in the consent framework. Scope may have much more 
complicated rules than simply "local" or "global" like suggested by John - 
for example a user might share his policy with his ISP but share only part 
of it with a spammer (the C/R part). Thus, scope rules would also apply to 
specific parts of a policy which is where a mechanism like XLinks would 
come into play which allows a standard mechanism to refer to a part of the 
policy.

>The discussion that followed with Keith Moore was interesting and
>dealt with some of the issues to do with how to establish that a
>policy is genuine and with priority conflicts between multiple rules.
>It's worth a second look.

Definitely.  


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Subject: RE: [Asrg] 4d. Consent Framework - Protocols and Formats - XML
    Based
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Date: Wed, 20 Aug 2003 00:52:09 -0400

At 02:58 PM 8/19/2003, Pete (Madscientist) wrote:
>|-----Original Message-----
>|From: Yakov Shafranovich [mailto:research@solidmatrix.com]
>|Sent: Tuesday, August 19, 2003 11:38 AM
><snip>
>---
>
>It appears that the majority of decisions used to define and execute
>sharing transactions can be described in a few finite terms - but
>perhaps with complex consequences. As such it seems to me that in order
>to keep the complexity of the system down we can define a simplified
>interface with specific expectations. The elements that describe these
>can be CPDL specific structures that encapsulate this functionality
>rather than xml structures that are extended to meet this functionality.

The consent framework need to be improved and reworked to described better 
how import mechanisms work, scope rules are defined and applied, etc. A lot 
of the things that are coming up now with the consent definition language 
need to be addressed within the consent framework as a more general design 
issue. I will try to get a new draft out soon combining all the comments 
submitted so far, but I think that we need to to concentrate on the 
framework as well, since many things from there may explain or define how 
the consent language will operate.

Yakov 


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Subject: [Asrg] 4d. Consent Framework - Language for Consent
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Date: Wed, 20 Aug 2003 02:55:16 -0400

Please take a look at the work of the POLICY WG of the IETF 
(http://www.ietf.org/html.charters/policy-charter.html). One of the 
documents written by that group is RFC 3060 
(http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3060.txt). It states as follows:

--------snip---------
This document presents the object-oriented information model for 
representing policy information currently under joint development in    the 
IETF Policy Framework WG and as extensions to the Common Information Model 
(CIM) activity in the Distributed Management Task Force (DMTF).

The policy classes and associations defined in this model are sufficiently 
generic to allow them to represent policies related to  anything.  However, 
it is expected that their initial application in the IETF will be for 
representing policies related to QoS (DiffServ and IntServ) and to IPSec.
--------snip---------

This looks like something that can be used for representing consent within 
our group. Let me know what you think.

Yakov 


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Subject: Re: [Asrg] 6. Proposals - Challenge/response - CRI
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Hello everyone

Some forwarded further reaction to the CRI proposal here from David.
I've had a few ideas myself over the past couple of days and I'll be
posting them shortly.

Thanks

Andrew

----- Forwarded message from david nicol <whatever@davidnicol.com> -----
>
> I think it's too complex and fiddles with too many preexisting
> protocols.
>
>
> Recently someone on the djbdns mailing list wrote an autoresponder
> to reply to the challenges that that mailing list sends out on every
> list posting.  Someone else forged messages from the autoresponder
> author's return address and the forged messages appeared on the
> list.  So the autoresponder in question was merely operating at
> level one and not level two of the three levels defined in the draft,
> which I found to be a good set of definitions.
>
> I am opposed to level three.  As computing power keeps increasing,
> as well as the availability of human brains, when properly organized,
> turing test systems become useless.
>
> I think a good thing to agree on might be an XML DTD for challenges
> and responses, which could be embedded into a human-readable
> challenge message that states the same thing as the XML challenge,
> for those users (initially everyone) who do not use a CRI-enabled
> MUA.
>
> What information would beed to be in there, to have level two
> functionality?  Last night I came up with what I believe is a
> workable set:
>
> 1: message-ID of the message in question.  Message-IDs are generated
> by the MUA (well they can be) and the MUA can remember which ones it
> generated.  Message-ID alone allows a valid Message-ID to be attached
> to an invalid message, so Message-ID is not sufficient.
>
> 2: MD5 hash of the body of the message.  By including this information,
> it is only possible to forge a message that was actually sent.
>
> 3: subject line.  It appears in the header, not the body, and it
> is good to include the subject line in human-readable forms.
>
>
> So when tom@example.com sends a message to abigail@example.net,
> the abigail's MUA might generate a challenge like follows and
> send it to tom before accepting tom's message (and perhaps
> caching tom's return address and the smtp server the message
> arrived from as valid and not warranting future challenges)
>
> envelope-return-address: abigail-cribounce@example.net
> evelope-recipient: tom@example.com
> X-Asrg-Cri-Status: Challenge
> Message-Id: <cri-challenge-...@example.net>
> From: <abigail@example.net>
> Date: ...
> Subject: Challenge re: Beans?
>
> This message is a challenge to verify that tom@example.com
> sent a message with subject line <<Beans?>> to
> abigail@example.net.
>
> If you sent the message in question, please forward this
> challenge message to abigail@example.net (replying to
> it should work)
>
> If you did not send the message and would like to report
> an abuse incident, please forward this challenge message
> to abusebot@example.net.
>
> The following XML block is included for people using
> CRI-enabled e-mail software.
>
> <challenge>
> <challengeid>847568276345.24958793287</challengeid>
> <messageid>oiuhgkjnetoij@example.com</messageid>
> <bodyhash>c5fb7d43ba68c638b75485220a3c3372</bodyhash>
> <subject>Beans?</subject>
> <forwardifgood>abigail@example.net</forwardifgood>
> <forwardifbad>abusebot@example.net</forwardifbad>
> </challenge>
>
> __END__
>
>
> I suppose this could all be done with headers instead of
> a block in the message body, but headers often get lost.
>
>
>
> I think the only really significant semantic suggestion I'm making
> is that a hash of the body of a message should be included to
> prevent forgeries of level-two systems.
>
>
> How would it interact with mailing lists?
>
> * the CRI-enabled MUA would have a way to turn off challenges for
> known-good sources (guest-list, known-good mailing lists) without
> presuming a source good simply due to the appearance of some header
> or other.
>
> * the CRI-enabled listserv would recognize the challenge as such
> (instead of as a bounce, assuming it is a VERPing listserv) and
> respond correctly, possibly using a to-be-defined extended
> syntax for declaring "I am a listserv! You can recognize traffic
> from me because it comes from 192.0.2.174 and it always contains
> a header "List-ID: giants-list@example.org"
>
>
>
>
>
>
> ps. the hash in the example is a hex MD5 hash of "fee fi fo fum!"
>
> David Nicol / If at first you don't succeed, use a bigger hammer.
>                                        http://gallaghersmash.com
----- End forwarded message -----

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Subject: RE: [Asrg] 6. Proposals - Challenge/response - CRI
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Quoting Eric Dean <eric@purespeed.com>:

>> >
>> >
>> >   "Mailing lists may include CRI-Sender-Exempt headers to
>> >    indicate that challenge messages should not be posted to
>> >    the mailing list..."

>>  What will be the content of such a header?
 
> Good question...it could be blank..like an HTTP no-cache header..or
> maybe have some content.
> 
> It should probably identify the mailing list i.e.
> 
> CRI-Sender-Exempt: asrg@ietf.org
> 
> That way the recipient could whitelist the header for now and always.

This seems like a reasonable suggestion.

I'm not sure what would be reasonable software behaviour when
such a header is seen in an incoming message. To whitelist
automatically based on the presence of such a header would open
the system to abuse by spammers. I suppose well-behaved software
would ask the user whether they want to whitelist the address
and let the user decide.

I know we're only specifying interoperability rather software 
behaviour, but it's useful to think about how software would
interpret such headers.

>> If so, what would stop a
>> spammer from adding such headers to their messages?
 
> Nothing.  However, a well-implemented CR system should simply suppress
> a challenge message to the sender...but should probably not forward the
> message as a trusted source unless the recipient whitelists.

The issue of trust between one stage of delivery and the next is 
one which does concern me with CR systems.

In general, when a CR-compliant MTA receives an incoming message
which claims to have been challenged and accepted... how can the MTA 
at this stage ensure that such headers were not forged?

I suppose it comes down to which systems have access to the consent
tokens for that specific sender/receiver pair: only the systems which 
have access to those tokens can verify if they are valid. This could
be done using a cache scheme such as that raised recently by Danny 
Angus:

  http://article.gmane.org/gmane.ietf.asrg/5760

As I'm sure everyone recalls, that idea was in the context of
cacheing consent policy rules to allow messages to be dropped
earlier in the delivery chain (close to the sender) with the
intention of reducing the spread of network traffic due to spam.

In the worst case, even if no such cache scheme were implemented, 
I'm sure the end-reciever's MUA would know all of the relevant 
consent tokens and could therefore accept or block messages at 
the last stage of the delivery chain. If this is true then 
delivery of "bad" messages (with possibly invalid CRI headers)
earlier on could still be detected at the final step before such
messages appear in the recipient's in-box.
 
> I'm not trying to dictate how a CR system should be designed..but am
> trying to provide a basic set of interoperability procotol messages 
> to automate interaction

Ok, thanks for pointing that out.

>> The need to rewrite mailing list software to generate such headers
>> is potentially more of an issue. Supposing I decided to use CRI
>> yet subscribed to some mailing lists which didn't generate such
>> headers.
 
> Yes, however, many CR systems today identify lists.  Also, mailing
> lists would eventually add the header..it's not necessary day 1.

I'll admit this is one of the reasons the CRI proposal does seem
promising because it doesn't require the whole internet to change
overnight. Of course, like most proposals, it would benefit much
more if it were widely implemented.

>> [Supposing I decided to use CRI
>> yet subscribed to some mailing lists which didn't generate such
>> headers.] How could I ensure such messages got through?
 
> I don't believe you can.

Therein lies a major problem for CRI and indeed CR systems in general.
To find a way around the issue, it might be worth thinking about 
the possible format of mailing list messages.

Generally speaking, most mailing lists have these delivery options:
 - digest
 - single-message
 - no delivery (web archive - irrelevant here)

The characteristics of a digest message are that:
 - it usually arrives "from" the same e-mail address
   e.g. listname@somewhere.org, listname-announce@somewhere.org etc.

 - its reply-to address is usually the same as the "from" address

 - it may contain multiple actual messages, although these will
   probably not be separated in a format which allows automatic
   parsing (so this property is of little use in practice)
 
The characteristics of a single list message are:
 - its "from" address is that of the sender, which could be anyone
   authorised to post messages to the mailing list

 - its "reply-to" address may or may not be set to that of the list
   address (I think this depends on the configuration of the list
   software)

By convention, the subject line of such messages often (not always)
contains the name of the list from which the message originated,
as with [ASRG] here.

There are some standards proposed which are relevant. Aside from
the usual RFC 2822, RFC 2919 proposes a "List-Id:" header which 
can be used to recognise mailing list messages. RFC 2369 also 
defines additional headers for mailing lists which might be of 
some help in recognising mailing list messages. 

Of course, as with any headers, these could be forged by a spammer.
The question is whether it would be sufficiently difficult to forge
such headers? This is why the use of a unique consent token in a
header is difficult to forge, because it's hard to guess for anyone
who doesn't know it in advance.

If messages from mailing lists can be reliably recognised by a
machine then they can be dealt with in a way which is "as automated
as possible". I'm thinking about how to reduce the pain for the
users of CRI during the time when mailing list software has yet to
be rewritten.

Andrew

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In-Reply-To:  <a06001a1cbb67e014e636@[10.0.1.4]>
Subject: Re: RE: [Asrg] 2.a.1 Analysis of Actual Spam Data - Experimental Desi    gn
To: "ASRG" <asrg@ietf.org>
From: "Jon Kyme" <jrk@merseymail.com>
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Date: Wed, 20 Aug 2003 12:34:26 +0100

> At 2:15 PM +0100 2003/08/19, Jon Kyme wrote:
> 
> 
> > The demand of generating bounces to a spam run (to no doubt forged
> senders)
> >  had crippled their (exchange) server. When asked why they weren't just
> >  rejecting unknown recipients they said that Mgmt wanted to see
> >  "wrong email addresses".  How we laughed.
> 
> 	Hmm.  Well, issuing response codes like that immediately to mail 
> messages could also be used as a method of determining what are valid 
> e-mail accounts.

Yes, this is a well-known issue. Equally, it's not beyond the wit of man
(or spammer) to reconcile DSNs with probe messages.
I think that "accept then DSN" is a variation of "security through
obscurity"


> 
> 	Out of curiosity, have you tried the reverse?  Specifically, 
> seeing if you get more or less spam sent directly to your valid 
> accounts when you do not issue 55x responses to attempts to send 
> e-mail to invalid accounts?
> 

I believe that we're talking about a research initiative which may address
this issue. At the time when we made the change from "accept and DSN" to
"550", we didn't have the luxury of experimenting. Every spam run/probe
against our sytems resulted in a DoS. This was intolerable (for us - others
will have different priorities).


> 
> 	Of course, then spammers just try to route their effluent through 
> the backup MXes, in the hope that they don't check whether or not the 
> recipient is valid.  ;(
>

Many do, indeed. Not all in my experience.
Of course the solution to this is to figure out how to replicate your valid
user db to your backup MX.

 




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In-Reply-To:  <6.0.0.14.0.20030820004537.0276e4a8@solidmatrix.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 4d. Consent Framework - Protocols and Formats
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Date: Wed, 20 Aug 2003 14:24:42 +0100

> >https://www1.ietf.org/mail-archive/working-groups/asrg/current/msg01022.
> html
> >
> >His suggestion was for scope to be "local", "organisational" or
> >"global", with regards to how widely it is shared. Is this a
> >reasonable starting point?
> 
> 
> I think we need to work this out better - this is something that needs to
> be cleared up in the consent framework. Scope may have much more 
> complicated rules than simply "local" or "global" like suggested by John
> -
> for example a user might share his policy with his ISP but share only
> part
> of it with a spammer (the C/R part). Thus, scope rules would also apply
> to


I'm not sure that scopes more "complicated" / fine-grained than
 local | organisational | global
would in fact be useful, but whether scope might be better represented as
an attribute of a "rule" or of the "policy" - this is a good question. I'd
go for per-rule, as I guess that it would make the policy more compact
(given that these scopes "nest" nicely) as you'd avoid duplicating rules
differing only in scope in the differently scoped policies.








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Subject: Re: [Asrg] 6. Proposals - Challenge/response - CRI
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Date: Wed, 20 Aug 2003 09:32:51 -0600

There is no need to add a "do not challenge" tag to an email.
Any Sender/Receiver pair that could comprehend this tag would be better off 
Tagging the challenge.
Then if the sender does not want to recieve challenges they may be simply 
discarded at that end.



John Fenley
www.Choicelist.com

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Subject: Re: [Asrg] 6. Proposals - Challenge/response - CRI
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At 04:48 AM 8/20/2003, Andrew Akehurst wrote:
>Hello everyone
>
>Some forwarded further reaction to the CRI proposal here from David.
>I've had a few ideas myself over the past couple of days and I'll be
>posting them shortly.
>
>Thanks
>
>Andrew
>
>----- Forwarded message from david nicol <whatever@davidnicol.com> -----
> >
> > I think it's too complex and fiddles with too many preexisting
> > protocols.
> >

Keep in mind that CRI is a larger subset of the general protocol used to 
exchange consent tokens - CRI is a subset used for C/R system.

There are many problems with creating new protocols and structures, and 
various issues involved. One of them is backwards compatibility which CRI 
accomplishes by providing a section of the message that is intended for 
human beings.

> >..........
> > I am opposed to level three.  As computing power keeps increasing,
> > as well as the availability of human brains, when properly organized,
> > turing test systems become useless.
> >

Someone has pointed this issue out before and we had even tried to 
calculate how much it would cost to create software that lets spammers hire 
cheap labor and quickly reply to messages. Labor costs were also taken into 
account.

HOWEVER, keep in mind that in order to answer any form of C/R challenge or 
exchange consent tokens via C/R, the spammers MUST use a valid return email 
address. That already brings us to a closer solution for traceability of spam.

> > I think a good thing to agree on might be an XML DTD for challenges
> > and responses, which could be embedded into a human-readable
> > challenge message that states the same thing as the XML challenge,
> > for those users (initially everyone) who do not use a CRI-enabled
> > MUA.
> >

XML might be used for the machine readable body of the message but you 
would still need MIME headers and an ESMTP extension in order to make this 
work in the world of email.

As for the DTD, I believe that the general consent token exchange protocol 
is a larger superset of CRI, and could be used to define the generic format 
for consent tokens, which then can be used by CRI in this specific context. 
Additionally, IANA registry considerations must be taken into account if we 
want consent token types to be consistent across the Internet.

> > What information would beed to be in there, to have level two
> > functionality?  Last night I came up with what I believe is a
> > workable set:
> >
> > 1: message-ID of the message in question.  Message-IDs are generated
> > by the MUA (well they can be) and the MUA can remember which ones it
> > generated.  Message-ID alone allows a valid Message-ID to be attached
> > to an invalid message, so Message-ID is not sufficient.
> >

That is assuming the MUA is the one repling to the challenge. Many times it 
is possible that the intermediate MTA would do so, and in that case, it 
would have to memorize the message IDs.

> > 2: MD5 hash of the body of the message.  By including this information,
> > it is only possible to forge a message that was actually sent.
> >
> > 3: subject line.  It appears in the header, not the body, and it
> > is good to include the subject line in human-readable forms.
> >............
> > __END__
> >
> >
> > I suppose this could all be done with headers instead of
> > a block in the message body, but headers often get lost.
> >
> >

CRI as it is now would require a multi-part MIME message with the headers 
located inside the machine readable message block.

> >
> > I think the only really significant semantic suggestion I'm making
> > is that a hash of the body of a message should be included to
> > prevent forgeries of level-two systems.
> >

That has been mentioned before and is a pretty good idea. It also 
alleviates some privacy concerns since the originating MTA/MUA does not 
have to store copies of messages, but can store MD5 hashes instead.


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> >
> > CRI-Sender-Exempt: asrg@ietf.org
> >
> > That way the recipient could whitelist the header for now and
always.
> 
> This seems like a reasonable suggestion.
> 
> I'm not sure what would be reasonable software behaviour when
> such a header is seen in an incoming message. To whitelist
> automatically based on the presence of such a header would open
> the system to abuse by spammers. I suppose well-behaved software
> would ask the user whether they want to whitelist the address
> and let the user decide.

Yes, whitelisting could be easily abused.  The intent is to prevent a
challenge message from being returned...adding a mail list identifier
would be convenient for identifying subsequent messages for whitelisting
per user request.
 
> 
> In general, when a CR-compliant MTA receives an incoming message
> which claims to have been challenged and accepted... how can the MTA
> at this stage ensure that such headers were not forged?

You have to respond with a corresponding string that is either static or
algorithmic.
 
> I suppose it comes down to which systems have access to the consent
> tokens for that specific sender/receiver pair: only the systems which
> have access to those tokens can verify if they are valid. This could
> be done using a cache scheme such as that raised recently by Danny
> Angus:
> 
>   http://article.gmane.org/gmane.ietf.asrg/5760


We are not trying to be restrictive as to which algorithm to use...but
instead produce a protocol that would accommodate many different
approaches.
 
> 
> Therein lies a major problem for CRI and indeed CR systems in general.
> To find a way around the issue, it might be worth thinking about
> the possible format of mailing list messages.

We have an archive of such a detailed discussion a few months ago




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Subject: RE: [Asrg] 6. Proposals - Challenge/response - CRI
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Possibly..but it's there as an option.

> -----Original Message-----
> From: asrg-admin@ietf.org [mailto:asrg-admin@ietf.org] On Behalf Of
John
> Fenley
> Sent: Wednesday, August 20, 2003 11:33 AM
> To: asrg@ietf.org
> Subject: Re: [Asrg] 6. Proposals - Challenge/response - CRI
> 
> There is no need to add a "do not challenge" tag to an email.
> Any Sender/Receiver pair that could comprehend this tag would be
better
> off
> Tagging the challenge.
> Then if the sender does not want to recieve challenges they may be
simply
> discarded at that end.
> 
> 
> 
> John Fenley
> www.Choicelist.com
> 
> _________________________________________________________________
> <b>Get MSN 8</b> and help protect your children with advanced parental
> controls.  http://join.msn.com/?page=features/parental
> 
> 
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg



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Thread-Topic: 2.a.1 Analysis of Actual Spam Data - next steps
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From: "Peter Kay" <peter@titankey.com>
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Subject: [Asrg] 2.a.1 Analysis of Actual Spam Data - next steps
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Date: Wed, 20 Aug 2003 07:30:54 -1000
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OK, gang, another summary here.

So far, one person has volunteered to assist w/ the project in terms of
"owning" an email address. Mahalo Nui to Selby Hatch for standing up.

Terry and gang have done an admirable job of setting up the outline of a
plan which I've edited/summarized below. Very much appreciated.

So what we have now is 1 email owner volunteer and a plan that calls for
60 email addresses, possibly spread out across N domains.  And one call
to use 60 address per domain potentially gives us hundreds of addresses
to deal with. And if we're going to do a Terry-resilient test, we will
need to treat these email addresses as normally as possible, normal
meaning that we open them, click on them, etc.

Unless we get more people to agree to assist, we can't do this
experiment.

Last chance to stand up and help. If you're going to do this, do it now.
The 8/21 deadline (for this project to gather up a sufficiently-sized
group) is fast approaching and 1 volunteer ain't gonna cut it.

Peter


=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D Experimental Design =
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D


550 Response Experiment

What we're trying to determine is: will "hard bounce" handling of spam
(such as 550 no such user) reduce the amount of "spam attacks" to a
given email address over time versus an email address that does not
employ such tactics?=20

If you're confident of your stat background, skip this first paragraph
and go straight to the bullet points. If not, then the background
material in this paragraph provides context for the bullet points.
Viewed thru the lens of inferential statistics, there's only two kinds
of variance in the world: explained/unexplained, aka
between-group/within-group, or systematic/random. Robust experimental
design exerts as much control as possible over everything BUT the
independent variable, which is the only thing that's allowed to vary
systematically between the groups. Everything else that varies, however
slightly, between the two conditions hurts chances of meangingful
results. (If the extraneous variance is systematic, then the design is
confounded, and the results--whatever they are--meaningless; if the
extraneous variance is random, then statistical power is compromised.)=20

-  Ensure *crisp* separation of the independent variables. If the
analytical goal is to study the effects of 550s, then have that be the
*only* source of systematic variance. DO NOT "dilute" your systematic
variance by confounding it with other variables (visibility, phase of
the moon, eye color, etc.)=20

-  (Under the heading of "Hey doc, it hurts when I do this...") If daily
spam volume is too noisy (and the DATA, not the statistician, "say" that
it is), then pick a dependent measure that's more naturally
noise-resistant (say, monthly spam volume, or even quarterly, if need
be). Reliablility of initial measurement is always preferable to _post
hoc_ "noise reduction."=20

-  Studiously ensure and maintain homogeneity of the experimental
conditions throughout the course of the experiment.=20
Mechanics:


-  Create an absolute minimum of 60 *pairs* of email addresses. (The
"magic number 30" assumes data to be noise-free. Statistical power is a
function of the number of "subjects," not the number of measurements.)
The use of "otherwise identical" *pairs* of addresses allows a little
more statistical power to be squeezed from the data at analysis time.=20

If the one-TLD experiment uses 60 pairs of adresses, then a multi-TLD
experiment must use 60 pairs for each TLD.  Simple as that. Going to
even a small number of TLDs (eg 3 TLDs) while keeping the original
number of addreseses as you suggest is going to be a disaster if the TLD
does have some effect, as it reduces the amount of data which can tell
you about the effects of the 550 responses where they are the only
independent variable by a factor of three. It would be helpful not to
restrict the TLDs to those where English is thh prime language, as in
the three you list.  Maybe use .com, .uk, .fr, .de (plus .org and .net
maybe).

There are four potential gains to using several TLDs, provided that
enough data is collected to make a valid experiment within each
individual TLD. First, we can see whether the 550 method has different
effects in different domains; second, we can get some idea of the effect
of tld on spam volume (anecdotal evidence conflicts here, and I've seen
no solid numbers);  third, if the tld does in fact make no difference we
have several times as much data to work with; fourth, if the 550
response does indeed have an effect we will be able to see if part of
that effect is a reduction or increase in the unexplained variance.

-  Randomly assign each address in a pair to an experimental condition;
the addresses in the experimental group never (repeat: never) do
anything but throw 550s; addresses in the control group "take anything."

 * Cautionary aside: If it were me, I would zealously protect from the
general public any knowledge of which addresses were in which
experimental group. As proof against experimenter mortality, I'd ensure
that 3 different people knew which-was-which, so that the study could
continue if I got hit by a bus. But I'd also limit that knowledge to
*just* those 3 folks. (In experimental-design jargon, the study is
referred to as "blind.")=20

-  In a perfect universe, all addresses in both groups are served from
one and only one mail server. That way, "server status" affects all
address pairs in both groups identically.=20

-  Insofar as possible, ensure that each address within a pair
achieves/receives "identical" visibility. Each control address within a
pair should "shadow" its experimental counterpart as precisely as
possible.=20
 * if one address signs up for a list, posts to a newsgroup, appears on
a Web page, or whatever, the other one should do it too, on the very
same day .

Perhaps and acceptable automated approach would be to publish the
addresses on the same newsgroups on the same day, and also publish the
email addresses on the same Web site.

-  While waiting for time to pass, order a copy of Kanji, G. (1999). One
hundred statistical tests. ISBN: 0-7619-6151-8 (This is a very handy
"cookbook" that contains raw-score formulae for just about every
inferential statistical test there is.)=20

-  At the end of the experiment, pull the pairs apart and compute a
regression equation for each experimental group.=20

-  Some folks may recall me saying that the slope of the regression line
is not intrinsically informative. (And it isn't; dispersion, not slope,
expresses the degree of relatedness between regression variables.)
However, the *difference between two slopes* of otherwise "identical"
conditions can be informative.=20
 * if the beta weight of the regression line for the control group is
smaller (even slightly) than that of the experimental group, stop. Fail
to reject the null hypothesis and move on to something else.=20
 * Differences between the slopes can compared via t-test. If that
difference-in-slopes doesn't make at least 0.01 (TWO-tailed), stop. Fail
to reject the null hypothesis and move on to something else.=20
 (Remember, getting "doubles" when throwing a pair of dice is
"statistically significant" at p=3D0.05.)=20

-  Having determined the "direction" of the effect, the magnitude of the
effect can be estimated via paired t-test. Again, the goal is 0.01 or
bust (though 1-tailed 0.01 is now "within reach").=20



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From exim@www1.ietf.org  Wed Aug 20 13:44:10 2003
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From: "Deven T. Corzine" <deven@ties.org>
To: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>
cc: Andrew Akehurst <A.D.Akehurst-99@student.lboro.ac.uk>, <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 6. Proposals - Challenge/response - CRI
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Date: Wed, 20 Aug 2003 13:42:17 -0400 (EDT)

On Wed, 20 Aug 2003, Yakov Shafranovich wrote:

> > > I think the only really significant semantic suggestion I'm making
> > > is that a hash of the body of a message should be included to
> > > prevent forgeries of level-two systems.
> 
> That has been mentioned before and is a pretty good idea. It also 
> alleviates some privacy concerns since the originating MTA/MUA does not 
> have to store copies of messages, but can store MD5 hashes instead.

Using a hash is an obvious thing to do, but it begs the question of exactly
what you're hashing.  You can't safely hash the entire message because the
headers change on every hop, at least for Received: lines.  Other headers
might be mangled or normalized as well.  You can ignore the header, but it
would be good to validate parts of it.  Even if you just hash the body, you
have to be concerned about the message being mangled by intermediate MTAs.

Now, you could Base64-encode the content to protect it against mangling, 
but that renders the plaintext of the message unreadable.  You could strip 
out all characters but the ones used for Base64 encoding, and hash that.  
Perhaps quoted-printable encoding would be another semi-readable option.

PGP has to deal with this issue for "clear-signed" messages -- how does it 
address this issue?  (Or does it depend on the body not getting mangled to 
be able to verify the signature?)

Of course, another option is to simply use PGP.  This seems the obvious 
answer for mailing lists -- the mailing list should clear-sign all valid 
messages with a private key used only for that mailing list, and have the 
user whitelist that PGP key (perhaps by keeping a copy signed with their 
own PGP key?) -- then no spammer could forge messages appearing to be from 
that mailing list...

Deven


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Subject: Re: [Asrg] 2.a.1 Analysis of Actual Spam Data - next steps
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Date: Wed, 20 Aug 2003 19:46:57 +0100

> OK, gang, another summary here.
> 
> So far, one person has volunteered to assist w/ the project in terms of

I can probably contribute a bunch of addresses here on merseymail
or one of our other domains.
I need to write some tiny scripts to keep track of the numbers, but could
probably start in a couple of weeks. Have I got this straight: I create 60+
addresses, publish all the addresses in the same way. 550 half of them,
accept mail for the other half, and keep track of delivery attempts to them
for 6 months or so?

Or do I need to ensure that both sets *are* receiving spam (evenly?) before
starting to 550 for one set?







--

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Reply-To: <bob@wyman.us>
From: "Bob Wyman" <bob@wyman.us>
To: <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] US Spam patents: Partial list
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Another Spam patent... This one covers a system for charging people who
send mail but are not on a whitelist of previously approved senders.
See: http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=3D6587550=20
=20
United States Patent 6,587,550 Council ,   et al. July 1, 2003=20

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR ENABLING A FEE TO BE CHARGED TO A PARTY
INITIATING AN ELECTRONIC MAIL COMMUNICATION WHEN THE PARTY IS NOT ON AN
AUTHORIZATION LIST ASSOCIATED WITH THE PARTY TO WHOM THE COMMUNICATION
IS DIRECTED=20

Abstract
A method and apparatus for determining whether a party sending an email
communication is on a list of parties authorized by the intended
receiving party. If the sending party is not on the list of authorized
parties, an electronic billing agreement is emailed to the sending party
indicating a fee that will be charged to the sending party in return for
the message being provided to the intended receiving party. Preferably,
the present invention is implemented with Internet communications and
utilizes a security protocol to enable the electronic transaction to be
transacted in a secure manner.=20

Inventors: Council;=20
	Michael O. (186 Hurt Dr., Cordele, GA 31015);=20
	Santos; Daniel J. (3525 Roswell Rd., #721, Atlanta, GA 30305)=20
Appl. No.: 783340
Filed: February 14, 2001


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To: <asrg@ietf.org>
From: Brad Knowles <brad.knowles@skynet.be>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 2.a.1 Analysis of Actual Spam Data - next steps
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Date: Wed, 20 Aug 2003 21:14:16 +0200

At 7:30 AM -1000 2003/08/20, Peter Kay wrote:

>  Unless we get more people to agree to assist, we can't do this
>  experiment.
>
>  Last chance to stand up and help. If you're going to do this, do it now.
>  The 8/21 deadline (for this project to gather up a sufficiently-sized
>  group) is fast approaching and 1 volunteer ain't gonna cut it.

	I'd like to help, but while I do own a number of domains, I do 
not (yet) own the machines where these domains are hosted, so I can't 
control what codes are returned for what addresses.

	As soon as I can fix that problem (and I am working on it as fast 
as I can), I would be glad to help in any way I could.

-- 
Brad Knowles, <brad.knowles@skynet.be>

"They that can give up essential liberty to obtain a little temporary
safety deserve neither liberty nor safety."
     -Benjamin Franklin, Historical Review of Pennsylvania.

GCS/IT d+(-) s:+(++)>: a C++(+++)$ UMBSHI++++$ P+>++ L+ !E-(---) W+++(--) N+
!w--- O- M++ V PS++(+++) PE- Y+(++) PGP>+++ t+(+++) 5++(+++) X++(+++) R+(+++)
tv+(+++) b+(++++) DI+(++++) D+(++) G+(++++) e++>++++ h--- r---(+++)* z(+++)

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To: research@solidmatrix.com, madscientist@microneil.com
Subject: RE: [Asrg] 4d. Consent Framework - Protocols and Formats - XML Based
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Quoting Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>:

> At 04:31 PM 8/15/2003, Pete (Madscientist) wrote:

>> I have started a web site for the development of an XML based CPDL
>> (Consent Policy Description Language).
>> ... 8< ...
>>
>> http://www.sortmonster.com/ASRG/

> Any particular reason why the implementation specific details are
> included within the same XML files? Consent policies will need to
> be implementation-independent and it might be a good idea to split
> them up into two XML files. This is similar to the way the J2EE
> platform handles deployment - two XML files are provided, one 
> vendor and implementation neutral, and the second implementation-
> specific.

This aspect of the CPDL issue is important. I agree with Yakov that
separating the implementation from the overall standard is desirable.

In particular, perhaps I have misunderstood your intentions with 
regards to the scripting of tests and actions using the "method"
attribute. I'll elaborate in order to make my concerns more clear...

My own intuition is that there's a clue in the name "CPDL". We're
talking about a consent *policy definition* language. Your initial
draft seems to mix together two aspects:

 - the definition and enumeration of which actions and tests exist

 - the code which implements the evaluation of those tests and the
   execution of those actions

Usually a machine language is either

 - declarative: it specifies what form the result should take but not 
   the algorithm or specific code to do it. (e.g. PROLOG)

 - imperative: it specifies the precise sequence of actions
   (the algorithm) to execute a program. (e.g C, Java etc.)

Your example XML file seems to merge both aspects. The trouble is that
specifying algorithms in a way which works seamlessly across multiple
platforms and environments is difficult to achieve and rarely works
well in practice. Languages like PERL and Java have improved things
somewhat but anyone who has used them in a cross-platform scenario
will tell you that there are still many implementation-specific issues
which require very careful use of the language. 

In the case of e-mail, the proliferation of mailbox formats and 
system-specific locations alone makes trying to script such things
(in general) very difficult. There will always be an implementation 
layer which must translate script commands into system-specific
behaviour.

What I would suggest is that certain tests and policy actions should
be regarded as being fundamental primitives which all CPDL conformant 
consent-based systems must support. These would probably include
basic tests like "header X matches expression Y" and essential policy
actions such as "allow delivery" and "silently discard
message".

Then such primitive tests and actions would not need to be defined
in terms of additional scripting languages: any conforming MUA or
MTA could implement them in whatever specific way suits its own
low-level implementation details. (And indeed MUST implement them in
order to comply with the standard.)

Then you can concentrate on defining additional tests and actions
via some external mechanism, either in terms of the primitives or
by using some additional libraries. 

I do still believe that the definition of such extensions should 
be somehow distinct from the definition of the policy. It depends
on what you intend the "method" attribute on ACTION, TEST etc. to
mean and on what an IMPORT element is importing. Either:

a) Do you mean that it is to be used like a C ".H" header file? 
ie. it specifies which functions are available to be called and
their function signatures, but the actual executable code is held
in a binary library file somewhere else in the filesystem? 

 ... or... 

b) Did you intend to embed actual script language commands within
the same XML file as the rest of the policy definition?

In principle I'm not opposed to (a), although I do still wonder
about the effect of references to non-standard policies being 
shared from a system with the correct code library to another
system which lacks that library. This may simply be an issue of
careful scope definition, however it's why I'm arguing in favour
of some essential primitive elements common to all such systems.
Then there would always be a guaranteed minimum consent policy
level which could be safely imported and exported as needed.

I see (b) as a way of resolving the issue of missing libraries
at run-time which occurs with (a). However it mixes definition
with implementation detail, which I've already said I'm sceptical
about - not least because of the work involved in designing and 
implementing a new imperative scripting language from scratch.

I get the impression that your use of the IMPORT element might
provide a way around these problems. However the comments in that
same file don't make it clear *what* you're importing or how it
might be used by conformant software. Perhaps you could clarify?

YS> Also, do we need to include the identification of the person or 
YS> system that the policy applies to?

Why might this be useful? In principle I don't object unless 
people are forced to include such details (because then there are
privacy issues involved).

If anyone wants to include such details then maybe they should be
able to. However I can't think why anyone would want to. Do you
have an example?

Andrew


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From: "Eric Dean" <eric@purespeed.com>
To: "'Deven T. Corzine'" <deven@ties.org>,
        "'Yakov Shafranovich'" <research@solidmatrix.com>
Cc: "'Andrew Akehurst'" <A.D.Akehurst-99@student.lboro.ac.uk>, <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] 6. Proposals - Challenge/response - CRI
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Yes considering many CR systems use CR URLs such as
http://cr.foo.com/?sender=joe@foo.com&rcpt=sue@bar.com

There's a lot of room for improvement.

> -----Original Message-----
> From: asrg-admin@ietf.org [mailto:asrg-admin@ietf.org] On Behalf Of
Deven
> T. Corzine
> Sent: Wednesday, August 20, 2003 1:42 PM
> To: Yakov Shafranovich
> Cc: Andrew Akehurst; asrg@ietf.org
> Subject: Re: [Asrg] 6. Proposals - Challenge/response - CRI
> 
> On Wed, 20 Aug 2003, Yakov Shafranovich wrote:
> 
> > > > I think the only really significant semantic suggestion I'm
making
> > > > is that a hash of the body of a message should be included to
> > > > prevent forgeries of level-two systems.
> >
> > That has been mentioned before and is a pretty good idea. It also
> > alleviates some privacy concerns since the originating MTA/MUA does
not
> > have to store copies of messages, but can store MD5 hashes instead.
> 
> Using a hash is an obvious thing to do, but it begs the question of
> exactly
> what you're hashing.  You can't safely hash the entire message because
the
> headers change on every hop, at least for Received: lines.  Other
headers
> might be mangled or normalized as well.  You can ignore the header,
but it
> would be good to validate parts of it.  Even if you just hash the
body,
> you
> have to be concerned about the message being mangled by intermediate
MTAs.
> 
> Now, you could Base64-encode the content to protect it against
mangling,
> but that renders the plaintext of the message unreadable.  You could
strip
> out all characters but the ones used for Base64 encoding, and hash
that.
> Perhaps quoted-printable encoding would be another semi-readable
option.
> 
> PGP has to deal with this issue for "clear-signed" messages -- how
does it
> address this issue?  (Or does it depend on the body not getting
mangled to
> be able to verify the signature?)
> 
> Of course, another option is to simply use PGP.  This seems the
obvious
> answer for mailing lists -- the mailing list should clear-sign all
valid
> messages with a private key used only for that mailing list, and have
the
> user whitelist that PGP key (perhaps by keeping a copy signed with
their
> own PGP key?) -- then no spammer could forge messages appearing to be
from
> that mailing list...
> 
> Deven
> 
> 
> _______________________________________________
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> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg


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Subject: [Asrg] RE: 4d. Consent Framework - Language for Consent
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|-----Original Message-----
|From: Yakov Shafranovich [mailto:research@solidmatrix.com] 
<snip>
|
|Please take a look at the work of the POLICY WG of the IETF 
|(http://www.ietf.org/html.charters/policy-charter.html). One of the 
|documents written by that group is RFC 3060 
|(http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3060.txt). It states as follows:
|
<snip>
|
|This looks like something that can be used for representing 
|consent within 
|our group. Let me know what you think.

I've reviewed the majority of RFC3060. I find it interesting that we've
created a nearly identical object model in the XML-CPDL example from an
independent approach. I also guess that it is to be expected given the
subject.

To compare:

Refer to page 11 in RFC3060.

PCIM represents objects in the RFC.
XML-CPDL represents objects in our proposal.

PCIM:System is analogous to XML-CPDL:SYSTEM

PCIM:PolicyRule is analagous to XML-CPDL:POLICY
PCIM:PolicyGroup is analagous to XML-CPDL:GROUP

PCIM:PolicyCondition is analogous to XML-CPDL:TEST
PCIM:PolicyAction is analogous to XML-CPDL:ACTION

The grouping of these elements in a given XML-CPDL:POLICY uses the
Conjunctive Normal Form as described in RFC3060.

A counterpart to PCIM:PolicyTimePeriodCondition is not yet showing in
the XML-CPDL example, however it is presumed that adaptive policy
mechanisms such as temporary network blocks will make use of these
elements.

In our proposal, XML-CPDL:GROUP is further abstracted to provide
functionality for sharing all elements within a CPD (not restricted to
PolicyRules and PolicyGroups). Also XML-CPDL:GROUP and XML-CPDL:POLICY
elements are further contained within a POLICIES structure. - The
meaning of this structure is "The local system's policies". Presumably a
comprehensive, system-wide representation of a CPD might include a
number of POLICIES elements deliniating the localized POLICY elements
for each SYSTEM described in the CPD. This might occur in practice if a
large ISP or other larger system wished to produce a single document
that represented all of the policy elements in their entire system. In
this way the XML-CPDL provdes a mechanism for representing policies in
widely varying scopes (those of single users, domains, groups of
domains, entire systems, or even large segments of a network).

In RFC3060, PolicyGroups may contain collections of PolicyRule OR
PolicyGroup objects, but not both. No such restriction has been stated
for XML-CPDL thus far. My feelings on this are that this _may_ be an
arbitrary restriction for this application. The proof will be evident if
we can present a case that is complicated by the mixing of rules and
groups in the same hierarchical level. My intuition is that an
artificial restriction would be more trouble than benefit... but better
thinking may prevail later on.

PCIM:PolicyRepository is analogous to the combination of XML-CPDL:TESTS
and XML-CPDL:ACTIONS. If it is desired, we _could_ easily contain the
XML-CPDL:TESTS and XML-CPDL:ACTIONS elements in a structure similar to
PCIM:PolicyRepository... This would be symetrical with the
XML-CPDL:POLICIES element - while this is aesthetically pleasing I don't
have a strong technical reason for it (yet)... not that having a reason
to impose symmetry has ever stopped me before ;-) (provided there was no
reason not to of course). Along these lines, I think that
PolicyRepository is probably a bad choice of names in RFC3060 since what
is collected there are policy fragments and not actual policies - that
is, collections of PCIM:PolicyCondition and PCIM:PolicyAction objects
rather than collections of PolicyRule and/or PolicyGroup objects.

-- Long story short, I will consider the implications of imposing a
collection upon XML-CPDL:TESTS / ACTIONS - in particular a recursive,
herarchical collection as represented in PCIM:PolicyRepository. That
said, it occurs to me that there may be value in isolating
XML-CPDL:GROUP for use only in XML-CPDL:POLICIES and then deriving a
symmetrical counterpart for use in the XML-CPDL counterpart to
PCIM:PolicyRepository.

One good reasons to create a hierarchical model (other than GROUP) in
this area might be to clarify the creation of ACTION and TEST groups
that have a particular affinity. For example, the collection of ACTION
and TEST elements that are on the "well known" list, and subsets of
those that may be inherited by different "SYSTEMs" such as users, domain
admins, etc...

--- I think I can see in the above comparison that some minor
modifications might be made to the XML-CPDL example... I will cogitate
on them and take a stab at it.

One final thought regarding the use of a Declarative vs Procedural
paradigm. Here again the XML-CPDL agrees with RFC3060. Further, the
XML-CPDL example makes a strong recommendation that any Procedural
elements should be coded in an implementation specific way when creating
XML-CPDL:ACTION and/or XML-CPDL:TEST objects where appropriate; and that
these ACTION and TEST object should then be applied in POLICY objects in
a strictly Declarative way. This separation provides for not only
clarity, but some measure of simplicity when sharing policies between
different SYSTEMs.

An additional agreement between the XML-CPDL and RFC3060 is that the
sequencing of XML-CPDL:TEST and XML-CPDL:ACTION elements, when combined,
is implementation specific.

It was stated earlier in this forum, but I will emit a note into the
XML-CPDL document: It is presumed that a strong implementation would
optimize the sequencing of TEST execution (and presumably ACTION
execution) including the preemption of TESTs once the final
determination of a policy is apparent. For example, if a high priority
policy indicated that connections from network x were to be refused,
then an implementation would perform that test first, and if the test
proved true then all other tests would not be executed and the
appropriate action(s) for the policy would be executed immediately
(presumaby "RefuseConnection"). << The above presumes that no other
policy is detected in the CPD that might conflict.

Comments strongly encouraged.

HTH

Thanks,
_M




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Subject: Re: [Asrg] 6. Proposals - Challenge/response - CRI
From: david nicol <whatever@davidnicol.com>
To: "Deven T. Corzine" <deven@ties.org>
Cc: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>,
        Andrew Akehurst <A.D.Akehurst-99@student.lboro.ac.uk>, asrg@ietf.org
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On Wed, 2003-08-20 at 12:42, Deven T. Corzine wrote:

> > > > I think the only really significant semantic suggestion I'm making
> > > > is that a hash of the body of a message should be included to
> > > > prevent forgeries of level-two systems.
> > 
> > That has been mentioned before and is a pretty good idea. It also 
> > alleviates some privacy concerns since the originating MTA/MUA does not 
> > have to store copies of messages, but can store MD5 hashes instead.
> 
> Using a hash is an obvious thing to do, but it begs the question of exactly
> what you're hashing.  You can't safely hash the entire message because the
> headers change on every hop, at least for Received: lines.  Other headers
> might be mangled or normalized as well.  You can ignore the header, but it
> would be good to validate parts of it.  Even if you just hash the body, you
> have to be concerned about the message being mangled by intermediate MTAs.


I imagine one would hash all the MIME parts together.  Or do whatever
GPG does with a MIME message.  This but has been solved, there is only
to select an approach and approve it.



-- 
David Nicol / If at first you don't succeed, use a bigger hammer. 
                                        http://gallaghersmash.com


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        "'Andrew Akehurst'" <A.D.Akehurst-99@student.lboro.ac.uk>,
        <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] 6. Proposals - Challenge/response - CRI
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Date: Thu, 21 Aug 2003 10:54:51 -0400
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I'm not sure that we have to approve anything...we just have to have a
protocol provide capabilities for interoperability..we don't have to
select a method..but rather design a protocol that will accommodate.

> -----Original Message-----
> From: asrg-admin@ietf.org [mailto:asrg-admin@ietf.org] On Behalf Of
david
> nicol
> Sent: Wednesday, August 20, 2003 7:12 PM
> To: Deven T. Corzine
> Cc: Yakov Shafranovich; Andrew Akehurst; asrg@ietf.org
> Subject: Re: [Asrg] 6. Proposals - Challenge/response - CRI
> 
> On Wed, 2003-08-20 at 12:42, Deven T. Corzine wrote:
> 
> > > > > I think the only really significant semantic suggestion I'm
making
> > > > > is that a hash of the body of a message should be included to
> > > > > prevent forgeries of level-two systems.
> > >
> > > That has been mentioned before and is a pretty good idea. It also
> > > alleviates some privacy concerns since the originating MTA/MUA
does
> not
> > > have to store copies of messages, but can store MD5 hashes
instead.
> >
> > Using a hash is an obvious thing to do, but it begs the question of
> exactly
> > what you're hashing.  You can't safely hash the entire message
because
> the
> > headers change on every hop, at least for Received: lines.  Other
> headers
> > might be mangled or normalized as well.  You can ignore the header,
but
> it
> > would be good to validate parts of it.  Even if you just hash the
body,
> you
> > have to be concerned about the message being mangled by intermediate
> MTAs.
> 
> 
> I imagine one would hash all the MIME parts together.  Or do whatever
> GPG does with a MIME message.  This but has been solved, there is only
> to select an approach and approve it.
> 
> 
> 
> --
> David Nicol / If at first you don't succeed, use a bigger hammer.
>                                         http://gallaghersmash.com
> 
> 
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg



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Reply-To: <bob@wyman.us>
From: "Bob Wyman" <bob@wyman.us>
To: <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] US Spam patents: Partial list
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Date: Thu, 21 Aug 2003 11:55:57 -0400
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Several new US Patent Applications for Spam related technologies have
been published recently. Numbers, Titles and abstracts are below:


20030149726 Automating the reduction of unsolicited email in real time=20
	A method and apparatus for reducing unsolicited bulk email, or
spam, to a computer network is described having a gateway, a mail queue,
and a delay queue. The gateway handles input/output for the computer
network communicating outside of the computer network. The gateway may
make an initial determination of a likelihood that incoming mail is spam
and deliver likely spam to the delay queue, or all incoming mail may be
delivered to the delay queue. Email delivered to the delay queue is held
in the delay queue for a configurable amount of time, or until is
determined to either be undesirable or permissible. Once an email is
determined likely not to be spam or permissible, it is delivered to the
mail queue for delivery to the intended recipient. Email determined to
be undesirable or likely to be spam may be discarded, returned to the
sender, or held for further inspection.=20

20030132972 Method and device for removing junk e-mail messages
	"A novel method for replying to unsolicited e-mail communication
such as SPAM or the like. The method includes a variety of steps such as
displaying an remove icon on a display, and receiving a selection of the
remove icon from a user in response to the unsolicited e-mail
communication. The method also includes creating an e-mail communication
having a remove message, in response to the selection of the remove
icon, the e-mail communication addressed to a reply e-mail address
specified by the unsolicited e-mail communication. A step of sending the
e-mail communication to the reply e-mail address also is included. These
and possibly other steps can permanently remove a portion of unsolicited
e-mail in an easy and cost effective manner."

20030158905 E-mail management services=20
	The present invention provides an electronic message management
system (EMS) that includes a real-time feedback loop where data is
collected from the electronic messages on incoming connection attempts,
outgoing delivery attempts, and message content analysis, and written to
a centralized data matrix. A separate process accesses the data matrix
and analyzes trends in that data. The detected data patterns, trends or
behavior is based on configuration parameters for the recipient. Based
on these determinations, the process is able to instruct components in
the EMS to accept, redirect, refuse, modify, defer, or otherwise dispose
of the connection request, the delivery attempt, or the message.
Associated methods for managing the transmission of electronic messages
are also disclosed.=20

20030158960 System and method for establishing a privacy communication
path=20
	A privacy infrastructure platform or system provides for privacy
enabling communication and secures trade of both electronic and physical
goods and services. Through user-controlled communication rules,
including an access control filter and a dynamic routing service, the
individual is in control of communication. The system enables a
universal user-controlled opt-in filter for SPAM protection. Support is
provided for privacy enabling the full value chain from the original
supplier to the consumer. In addition, the system supports trade across
existing standard barriers, supporting standard conversion, government
reporting, and existing and future eCommerce standards such as EDIFACT,
OFX, OBI and CBL. Privacy is established using a principle of multiple
non-linkable pseudonyms or virtual identities (VID), combined with
intermediation of on- and off-line communication channels.=20

20030131063 Message processor=20
	Methods and systems for processing a message, the methods and
systems including providing a first level of message processing rules,
providing at least one second level of message processing rules,
determining at least one message attribute associated with the message,
and based on the determined message attribute(s), the first level of
message processing rules, and the at least one second level of message
processing rules, processing the message based on one or more
preferences associated with a trusted message, a blocked message, or an
unknown message. The preferences can be associated with the first level
and/or the second level(s).=20

To view these applications, go to:
http://appft1.uspto.gov/netahtml/PTO/search-adv.html
Then, issue one of the following queries:

	DN/20030149726
	DN/20030132972
	DN/20030158905
	DN/20030158960
	DN/20030131063

(i.e. you want to search for "DN" or "Document Number")

		bob wyman


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Subject: [Asrg] 0. General - Virus Alert
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Date: Thu, 21 Aug 2003 12:07:39 -0400

Dear Group Members,

A new virus called SOBIG.F has been spreading by email over the last few 
days. Some group members reported receiving the virus at the email 
addresses used only for ASRG activity, so it seems that some of the list 
members have been infected. PLEASE SCAN YOUR COMPUTER AS SOON AS POSSIBLE, 
WITH THE LATEST VERSION OF AN ANTI-VIRUS.

The following information has been taken from the Internet Storm Center's 
website (http://isc.sans.org/diary.html?date=2003-08-20):

---------snip-------
Sobig F

Despite the best efforts of system admins world wide, users are still 
clicking on e-mail attachments. We strongly recommend attachment stripping 
on mail gateways. Please note, that the 'From' address is spoofed. Do not 
send auto replies to senders, as this will just worsen the email flood 
caused by Sobig F. As other Sobig variants, this one includes the ability 
to update the worm remotely, backdoors and a full set of other evilness.
---------snip------- 


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Date: Thu, 21 Aug 2003 13:11:42 -0400
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|-----Original Message-----
|From: asrg-admin@ietf.org [mailto:asrg-admin@ietf.org] On 
|Behalf Of Jon Kyme
<snip>
|I'm not sure that scopes more "complicated" / fine-grained 
|than  local | organisational | global would in fact be useful, 
|but whether scope might be better represented as an attribute 
|of a "rule" or of the "policy" - this is a good question. I'd 
|go for per-rule, as I guess that it would make the policy more 
|compact (given that these scopes "nest" nicely) as you'd avoid 
|duplicating rules differing only in scope in the differently 
|scoped policies.

Currently the way the XML-CPDL example works is to define scope in terms
of a SYSTEM. A SYSTEM might be a user, organization, etc... defined by
the implementor by subscription. For example, a small ISP might have a
SYSTEM that corresponds with their global policy and is implemented at
their gateway MTAs; they might then have another SYSTEM implemented for
each of their store & forward customers running on the server(s) that
make that transfer; they might have another SYSTEM defined and running
for each of their hosted domains that subscribe to a custom-domain
policy service; and below those they might have a SYSTEM defined for
each user within one of these domains.

In this example we would presume that user level SYSTEMs would be
aggregated by domain level SYSTEMSs, that domain level SYSTEMS and S&F
SYSTEMS would be agregated into the global policy SYSTEM. The
relationships between these SYSTEMS (scope definitions) would be defined
by the IMPORT and EXPORT rules defined in each SYSTEM.

This structure allows the implementor to determin the granularity of
scope to fit their needs.

I will endeavor to create a document that clarifies this... in the
interim, does this description make sense?

_M


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From: "Pete (Madscientist)" <madscientist@microneil.com>
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Subject: RE: [Asrg] 4d. Consent Framework - Protocols and Formats - XML Based
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|-----Original Message-----
|From: asrg-admin@ietf.org [mailto:asrg-admin@ietf.org] On 
|Behalf Of Andrew Akehurst

|Quoting Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>:
|
|> At 04:31 PM 8/15/2003, Pete (Madscientist) wrote:
|
|>> I have started a web site for the development of an XML based CPDL 
|>> (Consent Policy Description Language). ... 8< ...
|>>
|>> http://www.sortmonster.com/ASRG/
|
|> Any particular reason why the implementation specific details are 
|> included within the same XML files? Consent policies will need to be 
|> implementation-independent and it might be a good idea to split them 
|> up into two XML files. This is similar to the way the J2EE platform 
|> handles deployment - two XML files are provided, one vendor and 
|> implementation neutral, and the second implementation- specific.
|
|This aspect of the CPDL issue is important. I agree with Yakov 
|that separating the implementation from the overall standard 
|is desirable.
|
|In particular, perhaps I have misunderstood your intentions with 
|regards to the scripting of tests and actions using the 
|"method" attribute. I'll elaborate in order to make my 
|concerns more clear...

An implementation may choose to have separate files for any part of the
XML-CPDL, and we may even recommend that as a "best practice", however
since the elements describing the implementation are contained within a
unique data structure there is no reason that they cannot live within
the same file. In fact I know that ability would make management and
debugging much easier in some cases. (more later in context).

<snip>

|Usually a machine language is either
|
| - declarative: it specifies what form the result should take but not 
|   the algorithm or specific code to do it. (e.g. PROLOG)
|
| - imperative: it specifies the precise sequence of actions
|   (the algorithm) to execute a program. (e.g C, Java etc.)
|
|Your example XML file seems to merge both aspects. The trouble 
|is that specifying algorithms in a way which works seamlessly 
|across multiple platforms and environments is difficult to 
|achieve and rarely works well in practice. Languages like PERL 
|and Java have improved things somewhat but anyone who has used 
|them in a cross-platform scenario will tell you that there are 
|still many implementation-specific issues which require very 
|careful use of the language. 

All true. 

The example shows the _ability_ to include implementation specific
elements, but it does not necessarily require them. It is presumed that
any implementation specific code would not be shared unless there were
an agreement between the peers to do so - thereby implying
compatibility.

Any TESTS or ACTIONS which are on the _must implement_ list would be
enacted using a "well known name" so that any POLICY would be guaranteed
to have consistent use of those features. The implementation of those
features _might_ be proprietary in a particular SYSTEM, however that
implementation would only be shared if the peers agreed that the
implementation coding was compatible.

It is expected that implementation sharing would occur primarily between
different SYSTEMS in the same installation - where the administrator of
that installation has complete control over all of the systems involved.

IMPORT and EXPORT rules provide a ready means to control which parts of
a given CPD might be shared, and each SYSTEM has the final word on it's
local policy regarding what is shared and how potentially incompatible
elements will be resolved. The default resolution for an incompatible
element (procedural or declarative) is to reject the IMPORT of that
element.

|In the case of e-mail, the proliferation of mailbox formats and 
|system-specific locations alone makes trying to script such 
|things (in general) very difficult. There will always be an 
|implementation 
|layer which must translate script commands into 
|system-specific behaviour.

True. The TESTS and ACTIONS sections provide a location for that
implementation layer. These sections are not necessarily shared between
SYSTEMs, and they need not be within the same file. However the
structure of the XML-CPDL allows them to be without necessarily causing
a conflict.

In general it is presumed that a given SYSTEM will rely primarily (if
not entirely) on it's local implementation, but _may_ share POLICY
elements between many other SYSTEMs.

(BTW: I plan to encapsulate the TESTS and ACTIONS sections into an
IMPLEMENTATIONS section which will be symmetrical with the POLICIES
section based on an earlier review of RFC3060. Perhaps when this is done
these issues will become clearer.)

|What I would suggest is that certain tests and policy actions 
|should be regarded as being fundamental primitives which all 
|CPDL conformant 
|consent-based systems must support. These would probably 
|include basic tests like "header X matches expression Y" and 
|essential policy actions such as "allow delivery" and 
|"silently discard message".

Agreed. We need to develop a list of TESTS and ACTIONS that are on the
"must implement" list. We will create instances of these in the XML-CPDL
example document.

Must Implement TESTS and ACTIONS must be defined with a standard set of
inputs that are required (if any) and a standard "well known name" (id)
that must be used to be compatible with the specification.

POLICY definitions can then rely on these TESTS and ACTIONS to exist and
to perform according to the specification.

Specific implementations of the XML-CPDL can then customize these
locally if desired and if the software allows for this, however a
requirement for compliance will be that any customization to a required
TEST or ACTION implementation must be such that policies that use those
customized elements will perform as specified if they are shared with
other SYSTEMs.

An example of an appropriate customization might be:

-- The software developer provides a "standard implementations"
component to their software which includes "method" tags and scripts
that produce the required results. These scripts could be in any
language (or none) that is selected by the software developer - that is
to say they are implementation specific.

-- The administrator of the system determines the need to modify one of
the "standard implementations" to fit their specific needs - perhaps to
add a logging component or to trigger some other actions that are
necessary for their installation.

Perhaps:

Original - <ACTION... method="Reject();" />

Modified - <ACTION... method="Reject();LogInstance();..." />

In order to remain compliant the outwardly visible result of the ACTION
must be compatible with the specification for the "standard
implementation".

Presumably administrators using identical software in their
installations might wish to duplicate customized implementations - and
they would be able to do so either by IMPORTing those implementations or
by simply coding them locally.

I mention IMPORT again here because the ability to IMPORT and EXPORT
implementations can be a powerful administrative tool.

The software developer might use this ability to distribute upgrades and
corrections to their users.

Administrators of large installations might use this ability to
implement site wide changes.

|Then such primitive tests and actions would not need to be 
|defined in terms of additional scripting languages: any 
|conforming MUA or MTA could implement them in whatever 
|specific way suits its own low-level implementation details. 
|(And indeed MUST implement them in order to comply with the standard.)

An implementation is not required or expected to provide a mechanism for
customizing "well known" tests or actions, but they may. They _must_
implement them in order to be compliant with the standard.

|Then you can concentrate on defining additional tests and 
|actions via some external mechanism, either in terms of the 
|primitives or by using some additional libraries. 

The intent in the XML-CPDL example is to provide a link between the CPDL
and any libraries or functions that are provided by the implementation's
software. It is possible that an implementation would chose to have all
scripting of any kind completely outside of the CPDL and that it would
simply publish the names of the available TESTS and ACTIONS in the file
for compliance. 

However, it is likely to be more practical to allow an implementation to
integrate some of this scripting/customization capability within the CPD
itself since that capability consolidates many administration tasks.
This is why the examples are shown this way.

|I do still believe that the definition of such extensions should 
|be somehow distinct from the definition of the policy. It 
|depends on what you intend the "method" attribute on ACTION, 
|TEST etc. to mean and on what an IMPORT element is importing. Either:
|
|a) Do you mean that it is to be used like a C ".H" header file? 
|ie. it specifies which functions are available to be called 
|and their function signatures, but the actual executable code 
|is held in a binary library file somewhere else in the filesystem? 

That is one possibility. And, in fact, a more aggressive isolation might
simply state that the ACTION or TEST be named and empty in the CPD in
order for it to be enabled.

|
| ... or... 
|
|b) Did you intend to embed actual script language commands 
|within the same XML file as the rest of the policy definition?

This is also possible, and I believe the most likely/practical
implementation in many cases.

The XML-CPDL does not, and I believe should not, exclude either
possibility and explicitly leaves that choice to the implementer.

|In principle I'm not opposed to (a), although I do still 
|wonder about the effect of references to non-standard policies being 
|shared from a system with the correct code library to another 
|system which lacks that library. This may simply be an issue 
|of careful scope definition, however it's why I'm arguing in 
|favour of some essential primitive elements common to all such 
|systems. Then there would always be a guaranteed minimum 
|consent policy level which could be safely imported and 
|exported as needed.

Presumably if a SYSTEM were IMPORTing policy elements from an
incompatible peer, the IMPORT and EXPORT policies would be established
so that only compatible elements would be shared. If an incompatible
implementation or policy were imported then the importing system would
either refuse the import entirely, refuse the incompatible elements,
and/or produce some kind of error. This behavior would also be
implementation specific with the provision that any system implementing
the XML-CPDL standard would be required to accept well formed policies
that utilize only well known TESTS and ACTIONS.

The linkage between those TESTS and ACTIONS with the local SYSTEMs
implementations is based only on the "well known names" so that it is
not necessary to import any implementations from a publishing peer.

|I see (b) as a way of resolving the issue of missing libraries 
|at run-time which occurs with (a). However it mixes definition 
|with implementation detail, which I've already said I'm 
|sceptical about - not least because of the work involved in 
|designing and 
|implementing a new imperative scripting language from scratch.

Presumably the best implementations would use a well known scripting
language or variant such as Pearl, Java, JavaScript, etc... and would
provide library functions that hook into their software. None the less,
the choice of language (if any) is implementation specific.

|I get the impression that your use of the IMPORT element might 
|provide a way around these problems. However the comments in 
|that same file don't make it clear *what* you're importing or 
|how it might be used by conformant software. Perhaps you could clarify?

I will work on the file a bit to clarify the meanings. I admit that the
current file is very sparse. I think it will also make good sense for me
to create a descriptive companion document so that the example XML-CPDL
can be more representative of "live" XML-CPD - I knew this time would
come.

|YS> Also, do we need to include the identification of the person or
|YS> system that the policy applies to?
|
|Why might this be useful? In principle I don't object unless 
|people are forced to include such details (because then there 
|are privacy issues involved).
|
|If anyone wants to include such details then maybe they should 
|be able to. However I can't think why anyone would want to. Do 
|you have an example?

Presumably an implementation might allow a SYSTEM to append any amount
of identifying data, public keys, etc... Presumably there will be some
standard names for many of those elements and perhaps some of them may
be required.

In general, the identity of a SYSTEM in the current example is defined
entirely in the local context. Any relationship to an external identity
system is implementation specific and potentially optional.

Currently, a SYSTEM defines itself and peer systems within it's own CPD.
The definition of peer SYSTEMs must provide at a minimum the information
required to communicate with that SYSTEM given the facilities of the
implementation in question. From that perspective the identity of any
SYSTEM is entirely local by default.

Consider A<-->B<-->C<-->A

A has a local SYSTEM definition for B and C.
B has a local SYSTEM definition for A and C.
C has a local SYSTEM definition for B and A.

Each SYSTEM by default considers it's peers to be entirely separate and
unique. The relationship it has to it's peers is entirely defined by
it's local elements.

The only outward identity for these peers depends upon an external
mechanism such as DNS.

That said, an adaptive implementation of this specification might create
or use any number of naming systems, policies, and algorithms to
periodically reorganize a network of SYSTEMS.

We have been researching and proposing implementations like this for
some time - where a collection of CPD based SYSTEMS (cellular automata)
might elect peers based on the affinity of their policies. This network
might then continually adapt to changing policy decisions at leaf nodes
so that the work of implementing the policies would be highly optimized.
(This discussion is beyond scope.)

At any rate, the notion of "identity" has only local scope in the
XML-CPDL by default. Higher level capabilities would be implementation
specific.

_M


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Date: Thu, 21 Aug 2003 17:37:02 -0400

At 12:07 PM 8/21/2003, Yakov Shafranovich wrote:
>........Some group members reported receiving the virus at the email 
>addresses used only for ASRG activity, so it seems that some of the list 
>members have been infected. ........

Just to follow up - I have been getting copies of the virus with the 
asrg@ietf.org return address. This indicates that someone on the list IS 
INFECTED. The IP Address of the computer is 68.154.45.203 and the resolved 
name is adsl-154-45-203.asm.bellsouth.net. Full headers are below:

---snip----
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--On Thursday, August 21, 2003 5:37 PM -0400 Yakov Shafranovich 
<research@solidmatrix.com> wrote:

> Just to follow up - I have been getting copies of the virus with
> the asrg@ietf.org return address. This indicates that someone on
> the list IS INFECTED.

Not really. It indicates that there is a *possibility* that someone 
on the list is infected.

Then again it could be someone that visited the web archive, or 
google, or the ietf site or slashdot, or some other website with that 
address on it, or reads comp.mail.sendmail, or nanae, or spam-l, or 
had someone forward a post to them.  The worm scrapes anything that 
looks like an email address from a variety of file types, including 
.eml, .html, .htm, .txt .....

We're getting them sent to weird reference numbers that go out in the 
body of mail.

-- 
Margie


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To: Margie <margie@mail-abuse.org>, asrg@ietf.org
From: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: 0. General - Virus Alert - Followup
In-Reply-To: <20096316.1061478153@dhcp-234.isc.org>
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 <6.0.0.14.0.20030821173701.026bdbf8@solidmatrix.com>
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Date: Thu, 21 Aug 2003 18:12:11 -0400

At 06:02 PM 8/21/2003, Margie wrote:


>--On Thursday, August 21, 2003 5:37 PM -0400 Yakov Shafranovich 
><research@solidmatrix.com> wrote:
>
>>Just to follow up - I have been getting copies of the virus with
>>the asrg@ietf.org return address. This indicates that someone on
>>the list IS INFECTED.
>
>Not really. It indicates that there is a *possibility* that someone on the 
>list is infected.
>
>Then again it could be someone that visited the web archive, or google, or 
>the ietf site or slashdot, or some other website with that address on it, 
>or reads comp.mail.sendmail, or nanae, or spam-l, or had someone forward a 
>post to them.  The worm scrapes anything that looks like an email address 
>from a variety of file types, including .eml, .html, .htm, .txt .....
>
>We're getting them sent to weird reference numbers that go out in the body 
>of mail.

Thank you for the correction. 


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From exim@www1.ietf.org  Thu Aug 21 19:08:01 2003
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Date: Thu, 21 Aug 2003 19:04:36 -0400

There is an interesting story from Reuters 
(http://www.reuters.com/newsArticle.jhtml?type=technologyNews&storyID=3315668) 
about the possible motive behind Sobig.F virus - spam. Here are some quotes:

----------snip---------
Sobig.F drops software onto infected Windows computers that open them to be 
used later for distributing Internet spam -- unwanted e-mails and product 
promotions, experts said. It also represents a new trend in converging 
e-mail spamming and virus software writing, they said.

"We believe (Sobig.F) has been written by a spammer or spammers" looking 
for ways to get past spam filters, said Mikko Hypponen, manager of 
anti-virus research for Finnish security firm F-Secure. "For once, we have 
a clear motive for a virus -- money."
----------snip---------

This raises the issue of infected computers used for spam and how to deal 
with them once again. 


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To: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>
From: Brad Knowles <brad.knowles@skynet.be>
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Date: Fri, 22 Aug 2003 02:20:25 +0200

At 12:07 PM -0400 2003/08/21, Yakov Shafranovich wrote:

>  A new virus called SOBIG.F has been spreading by email over the last
>  few days.

	Indeed.  This is old news.

	Last night, I was fighting this stuff by the thousands.  The 
attack seems to be over now.  At least, until next Monday rolls 
around and a lot of people return from vacation.  And then there are 
all the students who will be coming back to Campus in September, and 
most of them will probably have unpatched machines.

-- 
Brad Knowles, <brad.knowles@skynet.be>

"They that can give up essential liberty to obtain a little temporary
safety deserve neither liberty nor safety."
     -Benjamin Franklin, Historical Review of Pennsylvania.

GCS/IT d+(-) s:+(++)>: a C++(+++)$ UMBSHI++++$ P+>++ L+ !E-(---) W+++(--) N+
!w--- O- M++ V PS++(+++) PE- Y+(++) PGP>+++ t+(+++) 5++(+++) X++(+++) R+(+++)
tv+(+++) b+(++++) DI+(++++) D+(++) G+(++++) e++>++++ h--- r---(+++)* z(+++)

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Date: Thu, 21 Aug 2003 21:17:46 -0400
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Yakov Shafranovich wrote:
> 
> There is an interesting story from Reuters
> (http://www.reuters.com/newsArticle.jhtml?type=technologyNews&storyID=3315668)
> about the possible motive behind Sobig.F virus - spam. Here are some quotes:
> 
> ----------snip---------
> Sobig.F drops software onto infected Windows computers that open them to be
> used later for distributing Internet spam -- unwanted e-mails and product
> promotions, experts said. It also represents a new trend in converging
> e-mail spamming and virus software writing, they said.
> 
> "We believe (Sobig.F) has been written by a spammer or spammers" looking
> for ways to get past spam filters, said Mikko Hypponen, manager of
> anti-virus research for Finnish security firm F-Secure. "For once, we have
> a clear motive for a virus -- money."
> ----------snip---------
> 
> This raises the issue of infected computers used for spam and how to deal
> with them once again.

DRIP? http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-brand-drip-01.txt


Raymond S Brand

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To: "Pete (Madscientist)" <madscientist@microneil.com>,
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From: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] 4d. Consent Framework - Protocols and Formats
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Date: Fri, 22 Aug 2003 00:48:41 -0400

At 01:11 PM 8/21/2003, Pete (Madscientist) wrote:
>|-----Original Message-----
>|From: asrg-admin@ietf.org [mailto:asrg-admin@ietf.org] On
>|Behalf Of Jon Kyme
><snip>
>|I'm not sure that scopes more "complicated" / fine-grained
>|than  local | organisational | global would in fact be useful,
>|but whether scope might be better represented as an attribute
>|of a "rule" or of the "policy" - this is a good question. I'd
>|go for per-rule, as I guess that it would make the policy more
>|compact (given that these scopes "nest" nicely) as you'd avoid
>|duplicating rules differing only in scope in the differently
>|scoped policies.
>
>Currently the way the XML-CPDL example works is to define scope in terms
>of a SYSTEM. A SYSTEM might be a user, organization, etc... defined by
>the implementor by subscription. For example, a small ISP might have a
>SYSTEM that corresponds with their global policy and is implemented at
>their gateway MTAs; they might then have another SYSTEM implemented for
>each of their store & forward customers running on the server(s) that
>make that transfer; they might have another SYSTEM defined and running
>for each of their hosted domains that subscribe to a custom-domain
>policy service; and below those they might have a SYSTEM defined for
>each user within one of these domains.
>
>In this example we would presume that user level SYSTEMs would be
>aggregated by domain level SYSTEMSs, that domain level SYSTEMS and S&F
>SYSTEMS would be agregated into the global policy SYSTEM. The
>relationships between these SYSTEMS (scope definitions) would be defined
>by the IMPORT and EXPORT rules defined in each SYSTEM.
>
>This structure allows the implementor to determin the granularity of
>scope to fit their needs.
>
>I will endeavor to create a document that clarifies this... in the
>interim, does this description make sense?

Would any of this be relevant to the consent framework? Do we need to 
define further what SCOPE is and how it works within the consent framework, 
or should that be something that is left for the language?

Yakov  


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Subject: RE: [Asrg] 4d. Consent Framework - Protocols and Formats - XML
  Based
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Date: Fri, 22 Aug 2003 00:48:11 -0400

At 03:38 PM 8/20/2003, Andrew Akehurst wrote:
>Quoting Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>:
>
> > At 04:31 PM 8/15/2003, Pete (Madscientist) wrote:
>
> >> I have started a web site for the development of an XML based CPDL
> >> (Consent Policy Description Language).
> >> ... 8< ...
> >>
> >> http://www.sortmonster.com/ASRG/
>
> > Any particular reason why the implementation specific details are
> > included within the same XML files? Consent policies will need to
> > be implementation-independent and it might be a good idea to split
> > them up into two XML files. This is similar to the way the J2EE
> > platform handles deployment - two XML files are provided, one
> > vendor and implementation neutral, and the second implementation-
> > specific.
>.........
>
>What I would suggest is that certain tests and policy actions should
>be regarded as being fundamental primitives which all CPDL conformant
>consent-based systems must support. These would probably include
>basic tests like "header X matches expression Y" and essential policy
>actions such as "allow delivery" and "silently discard
>message".
>
>Then such primitive tests and actions would not need to be defined
>in terms of additional scripting languages: any conforming MUA or
>MTA could implement them in whatever specific way suits its own
>low-level implementation details. (And indeed MUST implement them in
>order to comply with the standard.)
>
>Then you can concentrate on defining additional tests and actions
>via some external mechanism, either in terms of the primitives or
>by using some additional libraries.
>...........

One thing that could be done here is to create an IANA registry for 
maintaning the basic primitives in order not to publish another RFC.

>YS> Also, do we need to include the identification of the person or
>YS> system that the policy applies to?
>
>Why might this be useful? In principle I don't object unless
>people are forced to include such details (because then there are
>privacy issues involved).
>
>If anyone wants to include such details then maybe they should be
>able to. However I can't think why anyone would want to. Do you
>have an example?

o A user who needs to merge his policy with the ISP's. It would be useful 
to include the identification of the ISP in the policy.
o Two parties exchanging consent tokens and policies. ID is needed.

Yakov 


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Date: Fri, 22 Aug 2003 00:29:18 -0700

At 07:30 AM 8/20/03 -1000, Peter Kay wrote:
>OK, gang, another summary here.
>
>So far, one person has volunteered to assist w/ the project in terms of
>"owning" an email address. Mahalo Nui to Selby Hatch for standing up.
>
>Terry and gang have done an admirable job of setting up the outline of a
>plan which I've edited/summarized below. Very much appreciated.
>
>So what we have now is 1 email owner volunteer and a plan that calls for
>60 email addresses, possibly spread out across N domains.  And one call
>to use 60 address per domain potentially gives us hundreds of addresses
>to deal with. And if we're going to do a Terry-resilient test, we will
>need to treat these email addresses as normally as possible, normal
>meaning that we open them, click on them, etc.
>
>Unless we get more people to agree to assist, we can't do this
>experiment.
>
>Last chance to stand up and help. If you're going to do this, do it now.
>The 8/21 deadline (for this project to gather up a sufficiently-sized
>group) is fast approaching and 1 volunteer ain't gonna cut it.
>

Oops, looks like I'm 20 minutes short.  Sorry.  
I can "adopt" an address.  In fact, I can adopt 10 addresses, 
if it's acceptable for them to come from the same /28 net block.
(or a virtually unlimited number if they can come from the same domain).

Scott Nelson <scott@spamwolf.com>


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Date: Fri, 22 Aug 2003 14:37:33 -0400

At 12:55 PM 8/22/2003, Pete - Madscientist wrote:
>|-----Original Message-----
>|From: asrg-admin@ietf.org [mailto:asrg-admin@ietf.org] On
>|Behalf Of Yakov Shafranovich
>
><snip>
>
>|>Currently the way the XML-CPDL example works is to define scope in
>|>terms of a SYSTEM. A SYSTEM might be a user, organization, etc...
>
><snip>
>
>|Would any of this be relevant to the consent framework? Do we need to
>|define further what SCOPE is and how it works within the
>|consent framework,
>|or should that be something that is left for the language?
>
>That is a good question.
>The XML-CPDL is _somewhat_ agnostic on the application of SCOPE, but
>fairly definite on it's implementation. I think at the very least we
>should be sure that SCOPE as defined in the consent framework is not
>incompatible with the XML-CPDL. We should probably endeavor to make a
>direct linkage between the two - and where that is not possible explain
>how the two interact.

The languages and protocols for consent should flow out from the consent 
framework. This is consistent with the approach taken by the IM WG in the IETF.

Yakov  


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From: Paul Judge <paul.judge@ciphertrust.com>
To: "'asrg@ietf.org'" <asrg@ietf.org>
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Subject: [Asrg] 0. -  General - Announcing Yakov Shafranovich as co-chair of ASRG
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Date: Fri, 22 Aug 2003 16:50:17 -0400

I am pleased to announce to the list that Yakov Shafranovich has agreed to
serve as co-chair of the ASRG. Yakov's commitment to helping ASRG advance
toward its goals has been evident over the last couple of months. With this
appointment, we look forward to Yakov's continued and increased
contributions toward advancing the work of the ASRG. 

As you may know, it is quite common for RGs to have multiple chairs. Seven
of the other 12 RGs have more than one chair. This change is another
important step toward having the ASRG be as effective as possible.

RFC 2014 defines guidelines and procedures for IRTF research groups. It
describes certain tasks of a group chair and we've defined others based on
the needs of the ASRG. I'll briefly state how we plan to share the different
tasks: 

+ Paul will focus on group process and content management; meetings; and
public relations. 
+ Yakov will focus on mailing list moderation; document publication; and
serving as liaison with other groups as necessary. 
+ We will share the tasks of distributing the work and document development.


To be clear, we will work closely across all of these tasks and share the
load as appropriate. This is just to inform the group of each of our primary
focus and is not meant to imply that our efforts will be disjoint.

Paul

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In-reply-to: Your message of Fri, 22 Aug 2003 16:50:17 EDT.
From: Vern Paxson <vern@icir.org>
Subject: [Asrg] Re: 0. - General - Announcing Yakov Shafranovich as co-chair of ASRG
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Date: Fri, 22 Aug 2003 19:17:22 -0700

Two things I would add:

> + Paul will focus on ... and
> public relations. 

I believe that it's vital for public relations to be handly jointly between
the co-chairs, especially given the significant public visiblity of this
research group.

> To be clear, we will work closely across all of these tasks and share the
> load as appropriate. This is just to inform the group of each of our primary
> focus and is not meant to imply that our efforts will be disjoint.

Also: that these divisions will no doubt evolve over time.  In particular,
I'd like the group to have a clear sense that it's fine to go to either
chair about any particular topic, and the two of you will then handle the
necessary coordination regarding the topic.

		Vern

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Subject: [Asrg] 0. - General - Consent and SoBig
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Date: Sat, 23 Aug 2003 13:01:55 -0500
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I think it's appropriate to point out that a consent framework where a recipient 
would need to specifically enable HTML, and (separately, particularly this part 
here) attachments, on a sender-by-sender basis (and, moreover where one could 
categorize attachments by either filename extensions or types by category... 
text, Acrobat, fonts, images, executables, sound, video, etc)... and only enable 
for a given sender the TYPE(s) of attachment that one EXPECTS that sender to be 
sending to the recipient... would have made this SoBig fiasco a non-event.

Most of these recipients who allowed this worm to infect their computer probably 
would NOT have had authorized those senders to send attachments at all, let 
alone EXECUTABLE attachments.

And of course, these "multi-extension" attachments (like document.doc.pif) 
wouldn't (shouldn't!) fool a better attachment extension/type filter.

Gordon Peterson                  http://personal.terabites.com/
1977-2002  Twenty-fifth anniversary year of Local Area Networking!
Support the Anti-SPAM Amendment!  Join at http://www.cauce.org/
12/19/98: Partisan Republicans scornfully ignore the voters they "represent".
12/09/00: the date the Republican Party took down democracy in America.



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Subject: Re: [Asrg] 0. - General - Consent and SoBig
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Date: Sun, 24 Aug 2003 00:37:54 +0200

At 1:01 PM -0500 2003/08/23, gep2@terabites.com wrote:

>  Most of these recipients who allowed this worm to infect their
>  computer probably would NOT have had authorized those senders
>  to send attachments at all, let alone EXECUTABLE attachments.

	I disagree.  If you have a consent framework system, and the 
dominant monopoly application vendor chooses to default to turning 
off all security, by far the vast majority of users will leave it 
that way.  Thus, they would remain vulnerable.

	This entire problem would have been a non-event even without a 
consent framework system, if the dominant monopoly application vendor 
actually paid any attention whatsoever to the issue of security from 
a user perspective.


	A consent framework system is neither a necessary condition nor 
sufficient, unless it is a fundamental requirement of the most basic 
kind of operations.  However, such a system may be an enabler, 
especially during a time of transition from an old system that 
doesn't use it to a new system where it is integral.

	However, to be truly effective, we have to make sure that we do 
everything possible to create a system in which all possible 
implementations default to "secure" mode, as opposed to "insecure".

-- 
Brad Knowles, <brad.knowles@skynet.be>

"They that can give up essential liberty to obtain a little temporary
safety deserve neither liberty nor safety."
     -Benjamin Franklin, Historical Review of Pennsylvania.

GCS/IT d+(-) s:+(++)>: a C++(+++)$ UMBSHI++++$ P+>++ L+ !E-(---) W+++(--) N+
!w--- O- M++ V PS++(+++) PE- Y+(++) PGP>+++ t+(+++) 5++(+++) X++(+++) R+(+++)
tv+(+++) b+(++++) DI+(++++) D+(++) G+(++++) e++>++++ h--- r---(+++)* z(+++)

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Subject: Re: [Asrg] 0. - General - Consent and SoBig
To: Brad Knowles <brad.knowles@skynet.be>, gep2@terabites.com
Cc: asrg@ietf.org
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>At 1:01 PM -0500 2003/08/23, gep2@terabites.com wrote:
>>  Most of these recipients who allowed this worm to infect their
>>  computer probably would NOT have had authorized those senders
>>  to send attachments at all, let alone EXECUTABLE attachments.

>	I disagree.  

That's mostly because you didn't pay attention to what I said, or didn't hear 
the discussion on these points here before.

>If you have a consent framework system, and the 
>dominant monopoly application vendor chooses to default to turning 
>off all security, 

Points:

  1)  If all the security is turned off, it doesn't matter what type there was 
or who turned it off... there's no security.  

  2)  I've always proposed as key elements of my suggested consent system that 
the default state (for unspecified senders) is to disallow HTML and to disallow 
attachments.  Recipients could turn enable HTML, and/or attachments, at their 
option FOR SPECIFIC INDIVIDUAL SENDERS (or sender domains) and probably also 
specifying WHICH classes of attachments they expect from any of those senders.

So if a user follows the "path of least resistance" they'll get only plain ASCII 
text E-mails, which are relatively easily handled by content filters.

> by far the vast majority of users will leave it 
>that way.  Thus, they would remain vulnerable.

Right basic argument, but reaching the wrong conclusion.  Most users will leave 
the default protections in place for most senders, only opening it up where 
needed.  Since *few* senders ever have need to send attachments (and 
particularly even fewer needing to send executable ones!) it's a safe bet that 
SoBig would have never achieved anything like this kind of wild success if the 
great majority of its propagating E-mails went directly into the bit bucket.

>	This entire problem would have been a non-event even without a 
>consent framework system, if the dominant monopoly application vendor 
>actually paid any attention whatsoever to the issue of security from 
>a user perspective.

Actually, even if Outlook and IE and Windows were all "secure", I think one can 
fairly argue that there are 'enough' clueness users of AOL's insecure client 
software that there would still be a problem.  The consent framework, and 
default to removing (or better, intercepting entirely) HTML and attachments on a 
per-sender, per-addressee basis, really ought to be done at the ISP or domain 
provider level.

I fully agree that Microsoft has done some pretty stupid crap over the years, 
including enabling HTML by default, but a lot of other software suppliers aren't 
a whole lot better.

>	A consent framework system is neither a necessary condition nor 
>sufficient, 

Nor is anything else, when you get right down to it.  If there were an obvious, 
100% watertight, 100% effective solution to these problems we wouldn't have to 
have this list and be discussing all these different ideas... the problem would 
have been fixed a long time ago.

But the consent framework that I proposed is still a simple, cost-effective, 
user-comprehensible, surprisingly effective system that will put a serious dent 
in BOTH spam AND malware, and moreover will do so in a way that is incrementally 
implementable and that offers a near-immediate payback to those who go to the 
effort to put it in.  That sounds to me like it covers a lot of the requisite 
bases, and while avoiding nearly all the 'headaches' and implementation barriers 
that most of these other systems we've proposed are afflicted with.

>unless it is a fundamental requirement of the most basic 
>kind of operations.  

It ought to be offered by ISPs and domain providers, although interested 
individual users could still set it up, I'd think, if the programming for it 
were done appropriately.

>However, such a system may be an enabler, 
>especially during a time of transition from an old system that 
>doesn't use it to a new system where it is integral.

I don't think you're going to see a worldwide transition to a totally new E-mail 
framework anytime soon.  There are too many individual mail packages and too 
much 'integrated' stuff already out there which adhere to the current standard.

>	However, to be truly effective, we have to make sure that we do 
>everything possible to create a system in which all possible 
>implementations default to "secure" mode, as opposed to "insecure".

That's the intention for the Secure Computing Initiative, which is what 
Microsoft is calling their development effort.  

It wasn't all that long ago that Sendmail (et al) all defaulted to installing 
with open relays and such too, so it's not as if Microsoft is the only guilty 
party in this industry.  

Gordon Peterson                  http://personal.terabites.com/
1977-2002  Twenty-fifth anniversary year of Local Area Networking!
Support the Anti-SPAM Amendment!  Join at http://www.cauce.org/
12/19/98: Partisan Republicans scornfully ignore the voters they "represent".
12/09/00: the date the Republican Party took down democracy in America.



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From: "Jed Margolin" <jmsml@jmargolin.com>
To: <asrg@ietf.org>
References: <001c01c3674c$cc1046a0$650aa8c0@BOBDEV>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] US Spam patents: Partial list
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Excuse this top posting.

A reminder.

1. The purpose of the Abstract of a U.S. patent is to provide search terms.
It has no other value.

2. The scope of the patent is determined by the Claims as interpreted by the
Specification and, possibly, by the prosecution history.

3. Patent applications that are published before they are examined (and
allowed) have the same value as a publicly available published article.
There is no more reason to get excited about such applications than there is
about contributions to this mailing list. (This is in response to a later
posting.)


Jed Margolin
Not a patent attorney but then, I'm not charging you $350/hour either

=============================
----- Original Message ----- 
From: "Bob Wyman" <bob@wyman.us>
To: <asrg@ietf.org>
Sent: Wednesday, August 20, 2003 11:56 AM
Subject: RE: [Asrg] US Spam patents: Partial list


> Another Spam patent... This one covers a system for charging people who
> send mail but are not on a whitelist of previously approved senders.
> See: http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6587550
>
> United States Patent 6,587,550 Council ,   et al. July 1, 2003
>
> METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR ENABLING A FEE TO BE CHARGED TO A PARTY
> INITIATING AN ELECTRONIC MAIL COMMUNICATION WHEN THE PARTY IS NOT ON AN
> AUTHORIZATION LIST ASSOCIATED WITH THE PARTY TO WHOM THE COMMUNICATION
> IS DIRECTED
>
> Abstract
> A method and apparatus for determining whether a party sending an email
> communication is on a list of parties authorized by the intended
> receiving party. If the sending party is not on the list of authorized
> parties, an electronic billing agreement is emailed to the sending party
> indicating a fee that will be charged to the sending party in return for
> the message being provided to the intended receiving party. Preferably,
> the present invention is implemented with Internet communications and
> utilizes a security protocol to enable the electronic transaction to be
> transacted in a secure manner.
>
> Inventors: Council;
> Michael O. (186 Hurt Dr., Cordele, GA 31015);
> Santos; Daniel J. (3525 Roswell Rd., #721, Atlanta, GA 30305)
> Appl. No.: 783340
> Filed: February 14, 2001
>
>
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg
>


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From: "Christopher Bird" <seabird@msn.com>
To: <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] 0. - General - Consent and SoBig
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Without having conducted focus groups, etc. I don't have anything other
than anecdotal evidence for the following:

People seem to want to "personalize" everthing they do. That goes for
choosing curtains, to "skins" on Cell phones to a,most all aspects of
their lives. Having a Dallas Cowboys faceplate on my phone doesn't make
it work any better or worse.

The need to express "individuality" and to control *something* seems
paramount.

The computing that people have at their fingertips at home is really
pretty daunting so it is nice to be able to have a small victory over
some aspect of it.

Many people don't really understand the implications of anything (even
obvious things like hot coffee will burn you), so why would we expect
them to understand things that are almost entirely conceptual, esoteric
and interesting to those of us who make our living in the IT field?

Many people pass chat scripts among themsellves so that they can exert
some superiority over their peers. "My script can do X, yours can't"
kinds of behaviors.

Much email does legitimately contain attachments - even HTML because of
the first couple of points above or as the old joke goes, "They can".

So, I don't believe it is just a manufacturer thing. People will behave
in unsafe fashions and use tools in ways that make those of us who
design tools cringe. My ex-wife used to open paint cans and stir the
contents with screwdrivers. I am sure the inventor of the screwdriver
did not expect this. However, it did a decent job. Ruined the
screwdriver, but managed the paint well.

The point of all of this is that if we expect "disease" to be brought
under control by defaulting the vectors in such a way that the "out of
the box behavior" prevents the disease then I fear we are mistaken. It
is the equivalent of the "Just say No" campaign to stop drug abuse (or
was it teen pregnancy, I forget which). People will indulge in risky
behavior for a variety of reasons, especially when they are unable to
visualize the impact of the risk on the population at large.

Rather than insert comments into the text, I have chosen to copy some
pieces of the conversation and address them here.

Right basic argument, but reaching the wrong conclusion.  
> Most users will leave 
> the default protections in place for most senders, only 
> opening it up where 
> needed.  Since *few* senders ever have need to send attachments (and 
> particularly even fewer needing to send executable ones!) 
> it's a safe bet that 
> SoBig would have never achieved anything like this kind of 
> wild success if the 
> great majority of its propagating E-mails went directly into 
> the bit bucket.

I think the previous writer is confusing need with want. For much of
what we do we perhaps need plain text. However for some of the reasons I
outlined earlier, we *want* to behave differently. Need is water. Want
is cola. We make more profit out of servicing wants than needs. The
commercial market place deals in wants not needs. So a "need based"
approach simply doesn't hold water. 

BTW it isn't just AOL users.......

I apologize for leaving the whole thread in (as follows) I wasn't sure
exactly what to snip.

Chris


> -----Original Message-----
> From: asrg-admin@ietf.org [mailto:asrg-admin@ietf.org] On 
> Behalf Of gep2@terabites.com
> Sent: Saturday, August 23, 2003 8:55 PM
> To: Brad Knowles; gep2@terabites.com
> Cc: asrg@ietf.org
> Subject: Re: [Asrg] 0. - General - Consent and SoBig
> 
> 
> >At 1:01 PM -0500 2003/08/23, gep2@terabites.com wrote:
> >>  Most of these recipients who allowed this worm to infect their  
> >> computer probably would NOT have had authorized those senders  to 
> >> send attachments at all, let alone EXECUTABLE attachments.
> 
> >	I disagree.
> 
> That's mostly because you didn't pay attention to what I 
> said, or didn't hear 
> the discussion on these points here before.
> 
> >If you have a consent framework system, and the
> >dominant monopoly application vendor chooses to default to turning 
> >off all security, 
> 
> Points:
> 
>   1)  If all the security is turned off, it doesn't matter 
> what type there was 
> or who turned it off... there's no security.  
> 
>   2)  I've always proposed as key elements of my suggested 
> consent system that 
> the default state (for unspecified senders) is to disallow 
> HTML and to disallow 
> attachments.  Recipients could turn enable HTML, and/or 
> attachments, at their 
> option FOR SPECIFIC INDIVIDUAL SENDERS (or sender domains) 
> and probably also 
> specifying WHICH classes of attachments they expect from any 
> of those senders.
> 
> So if a user follows the "path of least resistance" they'll 
> get only plain ASCII 
> text E-mails, which are relatively easily handled by content filters.
> 
> > by far the vast majority of users will leave it
> >that way.  Thus, they would remain vulnerable.
> 
> Right basic argument, but reaching the wrong conclusion.  
> Most users will leave 
> the default protections in place for most senders, only 
> opening it up where 
> needed.  Since *few* senders ever have need to send attachments (and 
> particularly even fewer needing to send executable ones!) 
> it's a safe bet that 
> SoBig would have never achieved anything like this kind of 
> wild success if the 
> great majority of its propagating E-mails went directly into 
> the bit bucket.
> 
> >	This entire problem would have been a non-event even without a
> >consent framework system, if the dominant monopoly 
> application vendor 
> >actually paid any attention whatsoever to the issue of security from 
> >a user perspective.
> 
> Actually, even if Outlook and IE and Windows were all 
> "secure", I think one can 
> fairly argue that there are 'enough' clueness users of AOL's 
> insecure client 
> software that there would still be a problem.  The consent 
> framework, and 
> default to removing (or better, intercepting entirely) HTML 
> and attachments on a 
> per-sender, per-addressee basis, really ought to be done at 
> the ISP or domain 
> provider level.
> 
> I fully agree that Microsoft has done some pretty stupid crap 
> over the years, 
> including enabling HTML by default, but a lot of other 
> software suppliers aren't 
> a whole lot better.
> 
> >	A consent framework system is neither a necessary condition nor
> >sufficient, 
> 
> Nor is anything else, when you get right down to it.  If 
> there were an obvious, 
> 100% watertight, 100% effective solution to these problems we 
> wouldn't have to 
> have this list and be discussing all these different ideas... 
> the problem would 
> have been fixed a long time ago.
> 
> But the consent framework that I proposed is still a simple, 
> cost-effective, 
> user-comprehensible, surprisingly effective system that will 
> put a serious dent 
> in BOTH spam AND malware, and moreover will do so in a way 
> that is incrementally 
> implementable and that offers a near-immediate payback to 
> those who go to the 
> effort to put it in.  That sounds to me like it covers a lot 
> of the requisite 
> bases, and while avoiding nearly all the 'headaches' and 
> implementation barriers 
> that most of these other systems we've proposed are afflicted with.
> 
> >unless it is a fundamental requirement of the most basic
> >kind of operations.  
> 
> It ought to be offered by ISPs and domain providers, although 
> interested 
> individual users could still set it up, I'd think, if the 
> programming for it 
> were done appropriately.
> 
> >However, such a system may be an enabler,
> >especially during a time of transition from an old system that 
> >doesn't use it to a new system where it is integral.
> 
> I don't think you're going to see a worldwide transition to a 
> totally new E-mail 
> framework anytime soon.  There are too many individual mail 
> packages and too 
> much 'integrated' stuff already out there which adhere to the 
> current standard.
> 
> >	However, to be truly effective, we have to make sure that we do
> >everything possible to create a system in which all possible 
> >implementations default to "secure" mode, as opposed to "insecure".
> 
> That's the intention for the Secure Computing Initiative, 
> which is what 
> Microsoft is calling their development effort.  
> 
> It wasn't all that long ago that Sendmail (et al) all 
> defaulted to installing 
> with open relays and such too, so it's not as if Microsoft is 
> the only guilty 
> party in this industry.  
> 
> Gordon Peterson                  http://personal.terabites.com/
> 1977-2002  Twenty-fifth anniversary year of Local Area 
> Networking! Support the Anti-SPAM Amendment!  Join at 
http://www.cauce.org/
12/19/98: Partisan Republicans scornfully ignore the voters they
"represent".
12/09/00: the date the Republican Party took down democracy in America.



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From: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 0. - General - Consent and SoBig
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Date: Sat, 23 Aug 2003 22:27:57 -0400

At 1:01 PM -0500 8/23/03, gep2@terabites.com wrote:
>Most of these recipients who allowed this worm to infect their 
>computer probably
>would NOT have had authorized those senders to send attachments at all, let
>alone EXECUTABLE attachments.

The fact that they are so used to getting attachments that they click 
on one without thinking would seem to indicate otherwise.
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.messagefire.com/          Anti-Spam Service for your POP Account
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.

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On Sat, 23 Aug 2003, Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com> wrote:
>At 1:01 PM -0500 8/23/03, gep2@terabites.com wrote:
>>Most of these recipients who allowed this worm to infect their 
>>computer probably
>>would NOT have had authorized those senders to send attachments at all, let
>>alone EXECUTABLE attachments.

>The fact that they are so used to getting attachments that they click 
>on one without thinking would seem to indicate otherwise.

Most of them are probably used to getting image or text attachments, or WAV 
files maybe, and never dream that these are executable program (or probably even 
how to tell the difference).

I still contend that most users would have a VERY small number of senders 
authorized to send the executable attachments, and thus would be spared the 
angst of most of these worms and viruses.

Gordon Peterson                  http://personal.terabites.com/
1977-2002  Twenty-fifth anniversary year of Local Area Networking!
Support the Anti-SPAM Amendment!  Join at http://www.cauce.org/
12/19/98: Partisan Republicans scornfully ignore the voters they "represent".
12/09/00: the date the Republican Party took down democracy in America.



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To: "Jed Margolin" <jmsml@jmargolin.com>, <asrg@ietf.org>
From: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>
Subject: 0. General - IPR (was Re: [Asrg] US Spam patents: Partial list)
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Date: Sun, 24 Aug 2003 00:06:53 -0400

This issue has been brought up before - the difference between the abstract 
of the patent and its body. I think we need to rethink the value of 
providing the patent listings to the ASRG. The primary reason for providing 
IP information is for IPR disclosures within the group in accordance to our 
interim IPR policy. The secondary reasons for research purposes - its good 
to know what's out there in case we ever came against it.

I had been trying to maintain a list of this information at 
(http://www.solidmatrix.com/research/asrg/asrg-ipr.html). It needs to be 
split into two documents:
1. List of IPR disclosures made to the group (so far we got two of those, 
one from MailBlocks and another from Peter Key of TitanKey).
2. List of spam-related intellectual property.

The first document is administrative, but I would like to ask someone in 
the group to take over the second document. Along with that, I would like 
to ask that the IP listings unless they are IPR disclosures, should be be 
simply added to that document and the group notified at regular intervals 
that the document has been updated. Whoever maintains the second document, 
can do so according to his own guidelines since it is something that is not 
within the group's charter.

Yakov

At 09:53 PM 8/23/2003, Jed Margolin wrote:
>Excuse this top posting.
>
>A reminder.
>
>1. The purpose of the Abstract of a U.S. patent is to provide search terms.
>It has no other value.
>
>2. The scope of the patent is determined by the Claims as interpreted by the
>Specification and, possibly, by the prosecution history.
>
>3. Patent applications that are published before they are examined (and
>allowed) have the same value as a publicly available published article.
>There is no more reason to get excited about such applications than there is
>about contributions to this mailing list. (This is in response to a later
>posting.)
>
>
>Jed Margolin
>Not a patent attorney but then, I'm not charging you $350/hour either
>
>=============================
>----- Original Message -----
>From: "Bob Wyman" <bob@wyman.us>
>To: <asrg@ietf.org>
>Sent: Wednesday, August 20, 2003 11:56 AM
>Subject: RE: [Asrg] US Spam patents: Partial list
>
>
> > Another Spam patent... This one covers a system for charging people who
> > send mail but are not on a whitelist of previously approved senders.
> > See: http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6587550
> >
> > United States Patent 6,587,550 Council ,   et al. July 1, 2003
> >
> > METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR ENABLING A FEE TO BE CHARGED TO A PARTY
> > INITIATING AN ELECTRONIC MAIL COMMUNICATION WHEN THE PARTY IS NOT ON AN
> > AUTHORIZATION LIST ASSOCIATED WITH THE PARTY TO WHOM THE COMMUNICATION
> > IS DIRECTED
> >
> > Abstract
> > A method and apparatus for determining whether a party sending an email
> > communication is on a list of parties authorized by the intended
> > receiving party. If the sending party is not on the list of authorized
> > parties, an electronic billing agreement is emailed to the sending party
> > indicating a fee that will be charged to the sending party in return for
> > the message being provided to the intended receiving party. Preferably,
> > the present invention is implemented with Internet communications and
> > utilizes a security protocol to enable the electronic transaction to be
> > transacted in a secure manner.
> >
> > Inventors: Council;
> > Michael O. (186 Hurt Dr., Cordele, GA 31015);
> > Santos; Daniel J. (3525 Roswell Rd., #721, Atlanta, GA 30305)
> > Appl. No.: 783340
> > Filed: February 14, 2001
> >
> >
> > _______________________________________________
> > Asrg mailing list
> > Asrg@ietf.org
> > https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg
> >
>
>
>_______________________________________________
>Asrg mailing list
>Asrg@ietf.org
>https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg


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From: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>
Subject: 7. BCP - Default Settings (was Re: [Asrg] 0. - General -
  Consent and SoBig)
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Date: Sun, 24 Aug 2003 01:10:28 -0400

[Mod. moved to BCP area]

At 11:57 PM 8/23/2003, gep2@terabites.com wrote:
>On Sat, 23 Aug 2003, Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com> wrote:
> >At 1:01 PM -0500 8/23/03, gep2@terabites.com wrote:
> >>Most of these recipients who allowed this worm to infect their
> >>computer probably
> >>would NOT have had authorized those senders to send attachments at all, let
> >>alone EXECUTABLE attachments.
>
> >The fact that they are so used to getting attachments that they click
> >on one without thinking would seem to indicate otherwise.
>
>Most of them are probably used to getting image or text attachments, or WAV
>files maybe, and never dream that these are executable program (or 
>probably even
>how to tell the difference).
>
>I still contend that most users would have a VERY small number of senders
>authorized to send the executable attachments, and thus would be spared the
>angst of most of these worms and viruses.

This is best addressed within the BCP area. Would anyone like to volunteer? 


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Date: Sun, 24 Aug 2003 01:12:11 -0400

[Moderator: This discussion is more relevant to the BCP area, and so the 
subject has been changed]

At 09:54 PM 8/23/2003, gep2@terabites.com wrote:
>....

> >       This entire problem would have been a non-event even without a
> >consent framework system, if the dominant monopoly application vendor
> >actually paid any attention whatsoever to the issue of security from
> >a user perspective.
>
>Actually, even if Outlook and IE and Windows were all "secure", I think 
>one can
>fairly argue that there are 'enough' clueness users of AOL's insecure client
>software that there would still be a problem.  The consent framework, and
>default to removing (or better, intercepting entirely) HTML and 
>attachments on a
>per-sender, per-addressee basis, really ought to be done at the ISP or domain
>provider level.

Within the consent framework - this can be done. The consent framework 
allows any level of control beginning with the user. The user's consent 
policies can be combined with the ISPs, and the ISPs with their upstream 
provider, etc. In many cases the ISP may decide that their rules are more 
important, and thus the ISPs consent rules will override the user's.

>......
>
> >       A consent framework system is neither a necessary condition nor
> >sufficient,
>
>Nor is anything else, when you get right down to it.  If there were an 
>obvious,
>100% watertight, 100% effective solution to these problems we wouldn't 
>have to
>have this list and be discussing all these different ideas... the problem 
>would
>have been fixed a long time ago.
>
>But the consent framework that I proposed is still a simple, cost-effective,
>user-comprehensible, surprisingly effective system that will put a serious 
>dent
>in BOTH spam AND malware, and moreover will do so in a way that is 
>incrementally
>implementable and that offers a near-immediate payback to those who go to the
>effort to put it in.  That sounds to me like it covers a lot of the requisite
>bases, and while avoiding nearly all the 'headaches' and implementation 
>barriers
>that most of these other systems we've proposed are afflicted with.
>.........

What you are suggesting is default consent rules to be used within the 
consent framework. This is something that is best addressed within the BCP 
area - BCP for mail administrators or users. If anyone would like to 
volunteer, please stand up.

Yakov




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Date: Sun, 24 Aug 2003 09:10:31 -0400

At 10:57 PM -0500 8/23/03, gep2@terabites.com wrote:
>Most of them are probably used to getting image or text attachments, or WAV
>files maybe, and never dream that these are executable program (or 
>probably even
>how to tell the difference).

I think you have it in the last statement.  .doc, .xls, .whatever. 
They don't know the difference.  They don't know what is "executable" 
and what is, and many probably aren't clear on the difference in any 
case.  All they know for sure is that when they click a file, 
something is opened.  That's not a bad thing--that's what it's 
supposed to do.  Unfortunately it means that the system needs to do a 
better job of protecting them.

-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.messagefire.com/          Anti-Spam Service for your POP Account
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.

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Date: Sun, 24 Aug 2003 14:36:13 -0500
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On Sun, 24 Aug 2003, Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com> wrote:
>[Mod. moved to BCP area]

>At 11:57 PM 8/23/2003, gep2@terabites.com wrote:
>>On Sat, 23 Aug 2003, Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com> wrote:
>> >At 1:01 PM -0500 8/23/03, gep2@terabites.com wrote:
>> >>Most of these recipients who allowed this worm to infect their
>> >>computer probably
>> >>would NOT have had authorized those senders to send attachments at all, let
>> >>alone EXECUTABLE attachments.

>> >The fact that they are so used to getting attachments that they click
>> >on one without thinking would seem to indicate otherwise.

>>Most of them are probably used to getting image or text attachments, or WAV
>>files maybe, and never dream that these are executable program (or 
>>probably even
>>how to tell the difference).

>>I still contend that most users would have a VERY small number of senders
>>authorized to send the executable attachments, and thus would be spared the
>>angst of most of these worms and viruses.

>This is best addressed within the BCP area. Would anyone like to volunteer? 

What are you asking us to volunteer to do?  I'd like to help, although my time 
is limited (and unfortunately I've not got a salary to count on keeping the 
bills paid...)

Gordon Peterson                  http://personal.terabites.com/
1977-2002  Twenty-fifth anniversary year of Local Area Networking!
Support the Anti-SPAM Amendment!  Join at http://www.cauce.org/
12/19/98: Partisan Republicans scornfully ignore the voters they "represent".
12/09/00: the date the Republican Party took down democracy in America.



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To: gep2@terabites.com, Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>,
        gep2@terabites.com
From: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>
Subject: Re: 7. BCP - Default Settings (was Re: [Asrg] 0. - General -
  Consent and SoBig)
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Date: Sun, 24 Aug 2003 15:09:16 -0400

At 03:36 PM 8/24/2003, gep2@terabites.com wrote:
>On Sun, 24 Aug 2003, Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com> wrote:
> >[Mod. moved to BCP area]
>
> >At 11:57 PM 8/23/2003, gep2@terabites.com wrote:
> >>On Sat, 23 Aug 2003, Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com> wrote:
> >> >At 1:01 PM -0500 8/23/03, gep2@terabites.com wrote:
> >> >>Most of these recipients who allowed this worm to infect their
> >> >>computer probably
> >> >>would NOT have had authorized those senders to send attachments at 
> all, let
> >> >>alone EXECUTABLE attachments.
>
> >> >The fact that they are so used to getting attachments that they click
> >> >on one without thinking would seem to indicate otherwise.
>
> >>Most of them are probably used to getting image or text attachments, or WAV
> >>files maybe, and never dream that these are executable program (or
> >>probably even
> >>how to tell the difference).
>
> >>I still contend that most users would have a VERY small number of senders
> >>authorized to send the executable attachments, and thus would be spared the
> >>angst of most of these worms and viruses.
>
> >This is best addressed within the BCP area. Would anyone like to volunteer?
>
>What are you asking us to volunteer to do?  I'd like to help, although my 
>time
>is limited (and unfortunately I've not got a salary to count on keeping the
>bills paid...)

There is an existing RFC on BCPs for mail admins, RFC 2505, 
(http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2505.txt). It needs to be updated. There are 
also various other documents in that area like BCPs for end-users. What I 
am asking is for someone to take charge of this area and start working on 
some documents. And even if you do not have the time to collaborate, you 
can give some time to review the documents and comments on them, with 
others who have ample more time to actually write them.

Yakov



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To: gep2@terabites.com
From: Brad Knowles <brad.knowles@skynet.be>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 0. - General - Consent and SoBig
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Date: Sun, 24 Aug 2003 12:20:46 +0200

At 8:54 PM -0500 2003/08/23, gep2@terabites.com wrote:

>  Right basic argument, but reaching the wrong conclusion.  Most
>  users will leave the default protections in place for most
>  senders, only opening it up where needed.

	If you can ensure that "default secure" is the required operating 
mode for all implementers.  I don't know whether or not we can make 
that claim.

>  Actually, even if Outlook and IE and Windows were all "secure", I
>  think one can fairly argue that there are 'enough' clueness users
>  of AOL's insecure client software that there would still be a
>  problem.

	I used to work at AOL.  I am more familiar with their client than 
I ever wanted to be.

	Actually, the AOL client is so simple that it doesn't really 
understand attachments, and certainly doesn't understand multiple 
attachments (in that case, the user sees a preview of the first 
bodypart, and the entire mail message is stored as an "attachment" 
that must be downloaded to be viewed).  It also doesn't understand 
anything about automatically executing code.

	It does now have an embedded HTML engine, but that doesn't allow 
for automatically connecting to external web servers and downloading 
additional content.

>  I fully agree that Microsoft has done some pretty stupid crap over
>  the years, including enabling HTML by default, but a lot of other
>  software suppliers aren't a whole lot better.

	I'm a pretty big critic of a lot of the incredibly stupid things 
that AOL has done (just ask Steve Case about the times I have 
publicly harassed him at company "all hands" meetings), and indeed I 
feel that they are an "Evil Empire" that is only very slightly better 
than Microsoft.  But this is a case where their stupidity has 
actually served them reasonably well.

	I definitely agree that there are plenty of companies out there 
that have done things almost as bad, as bad, or even worse than 
either Microsoft or AOL.  The difference is that most of these 
companies are no longer around, or have since learned their lesson.

>  That's the intention for the Secure Computing Initiative, which is what
>  Microsoft is calling their development effort.

	Uh, no.  Microsoft calls their stuff secure when they have some 
guarantees as to what they can prevent the user from doing.

	This is totally unrelated to real computer security, which has 
more to do with having guarantees as to what the machine is or is not 
capable of doing, and how malicious programs can be restricted from 
negatively impacting anything else on the system.

>  It wasn't all that long ago that Sendmail (et al) all defaulted to installing
>  with open relays and such too, so it's not as if Microsoft is the only guilty
>  party in this industry.

	No, not the only one.  But certainly the biggest.  Indeed, bigger 
than the entire rest of the industry put together.  Moreover, they 
have not learned the lesson (indeed, they show every indication of 
ensuring that they cannot possibly be forced to learn the lesson) and 
they continue to do the damn stupidest of things.

-- 
Brad Knowles, <brad.knowles@skynet.be>

"They that can give up essential liberty to obtain a little temporary
safety deserve neither liberty nor safety."
     -Benjamin Franklin, Historical Review of Pennsylvania.

GCS/IT d+(-) s:+(++)>: a C++(+++)$ UMBSHI++++$ P+>++ L+ !E-(---) W+++(--) N+
!w--- O- M++ V PS++(+++) PE- Y+(++) PGP>+++ t+(+++) 5++(+++) X++(+++) R+(+++)
tv+(+++) b+(++++) DI+(++++) D+(++) G+(++++) e++>++++ h--- r---(+++)* z(+++)

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To: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>
From: Brad Knowles <brad.knowles@skynet.be>
Subject: Re: 7. BCP - Default Settings (was Re: [Asrg] 0. -
 General -   Consent and SoBig)
Cc: gep2@terabites.com, Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>, asrg@ietf.org
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Date: Sun, 24 Aug 2003 23:09:03 +0200

At 3:09 PM -0400 2003/08/24, Yakov Shafranovich wrote:

>>What are you asking us to volunteer to do?  I'd like to help, 
>>although my time
>>is limited (and unfortunately I've not got a salary to count on keeping the
>>bills paid...)

	I don't have a salary coming in, either.  I imagine this is not 
an unusual problem in the current financial climate of the industry.

>  There is an existing RFC on BCPs for mail admins, RFC 2505,
>  (http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2505.txt).

	Reading it now.

>                                          It needs to be updated.

	I haven't gotten all the way through it, but it doesn't seem to 
be that out-of-date.  Do you have any specific issues with it?

>                                                                   There
>  are also various other documents in that area like BCPs for end-users.
>  What I am asking is for someone to take charge of this area and start
>  working on some documents. And even if you do not have the time to
>  collaborate, you can give some time to review the documents and
>  comments on them, with others who have ample more time to actually
>  write them.

	I can certainly participate on a team of reviewers and editors.

	I would also be willing to coordinate this effort, until/unless 
someone more qualified steps forward, or someone objects.

-- 
Brad Knowles, <brad.knowles@skynet.be>

"They that can give up essential liberty to obtain a little temporary
safety deserve neither liberty nor safety."
     -Benjamin Franklin, Historical Review of Pennsylvania.

GCS/IT d+(-) s:+(++)>: a C++(+++)$ UMBSHI++++$ P+>++ L+ !E-(---) W+++(--) N+
!w--- O- M++ V PS++(+++) PE- Y+(++) PGP>+++ t+(+++) 5++(+++) X++(+++) R+(+++)
tv+(+++) b+(++++) DI+(++++) D+(++) G+(++++) e++>++++ h--- r---(+++)* z(+++)

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From: "Christopher Bird" <seabird@msn.com>
To: <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] 4. Consent Framework  - General
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Date: Sun, 24 Aug 2003 16:58:53 -0500
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As part of the work on consent frameworks, is there a proposal somewhere
to allow a user or delegated administrator) to see the consents that
s/he has in place? Rather like Credit reporting. I periodically receive
my credit report and check it out to see if there is anything weird on
it. I would also like, periodically, to see the consents that I have in
place and to be able to tweak them (or revoke them).

Scenario:

I have just bought a business and the previous owner has "consented" to
receive some email that I really don't want. He is on every one of the
dating services, and several pornographic sites too. They regularly send
him mail. Trouble is that he used a "functional mailbox"
(sales@thecompany.com) to sign up for these things. Even with a nice
consent framework, he can have consented to all of this stuff. Now as
the business owner, I suddenly find that my sales@thecompany.com mailbox
has been inundated with mail that has been legitimately consented to,
but I don't want. I actually have no idea what consents that mailbox
has. I just know that I would really like not to have them extant any
more.

Of course, it is quite possible that the previous owner did this on
purpose, because he was forced to sell the company - it wasn't a going
concern and the other investors wanted their money out.

Every one of the current customers knows that sales@thecompany.com is
the way to get in touch when they want to buy things from us, so the
email address is itself, a thing of value and an asset that was valued
in the asset purchase agreement.

End of scenario

There are plenty of scenarios like this, so I think the ability to find
out the "consents" (even for a fee, like the credit reports) could be
quite valuable. I really don't want to see a "yes you did, no I didn't"
kind of war breaking out between email address holders and marketers if
at all possible.

At least a reasonable consent framework might prevent me from getting
the interminable emails from companies that I have never done business
with, but who have my email address because they were harvested by klez
or one of the other viruses from the mail box of a colleague.

Chris



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Subject: Re: [Asrg] MXs Used As Authentication - Why RMX?
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Date: Mon, 25 Aug 2003 12:28:45 +0200


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On 2003-08-25 09:13:27 +0100, Sabahattin Gucukoglu wrote:
> I've tried hard to work out a requirement for an additional DNS RR (RMX -=
=20
> Danisch Draft) for authentication, but can't understand why MXs alone=20
> can't be used.  I must be missing something somewhere.  Why can't you jus=
t=20
> resolve the given envelope sender domain, check all of the MXs hostnames=
=20
> and see if any of them matches your connecting machine's IP after=20
> resolution to addresses?=20
[...]
> Now, so long as all possible output relays for a domain are an MX,
> there's no problem, right? (Or is this not what happens in the
> real-world?)

It does happen in the real world, and it is probably even the most common
case. But it is not the only case. Some organizations have different
mail servers for incoming and outgoing mail traffic. In this case only
the servers for incoming mail are listed in MX records, but mail always
never comes from those.=20

Also, you cannot determine from the existence of an MX record that all
mail must come from a certain set of hosts. We have MX records for our
domains, but people working at home are encouraged to use the SMTP
server of their internet provider.=20

Somebody suggested picking a high priority value (e.g., 54321) to mean
"this is an RMX". This would probably work, but it is a kludge.

	hp


--=20
   _  | Peter J. Holzer    | Humor ohne Emoticons ist trockener Humor.
|_|_) | Sysadmin WSR       |=20
| |   | hjp@hjp.at         |	-- Toni Grass in aip
__/   | http://www.hjp.at/ |

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Subject: Re: [Asrg] MXs Used As Authentication - Why RMX?
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Date: Mon, 25 Aug 2003 07:28:44 -0400

At 9:13 AM +0100 8/25/03, Sabahattin Gucukoglu wrote:
>Now, so
>long as all possible output relays for a domain are an MX, there's no
>problem, right? (Or is this not what happens in the real-world?)

It is not what happens in the real world. For sites handling 
significant mail volume, outbound mail and inbound mail are large 
enough and different enough in their ideal system design that it 
makes sense to have them handled by different systems. Spam has also 
spurred that split, since it is more important for most sites that 
inbound mail has spam filtering than outbound mail, and it is 
simplest to just push out mail through a system without such filters.



-- 
Bill Cole
bill@scconsult.com


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From: "Christopher Bird" <seabird@msn.com>
To: "'Sabahattin Gucukoglu'" <mail@sabahattin-gucukoglu.com>, <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] MXs Used As Authentication - Why RMX?
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I believe it is fairly common for inbound and outbound systems to be
quite different. In fact, I see that even though this mail is coming
from my MSN account (seabird@msn.com), I am unable to use the MSN SMTP
service. MSN has a rule that demands that my current IP address be an
MSN recognized IP address before they will accept email. In other words
they will not relay from anyone. So my POP3 server is an MSN POP3
server, but my SMTP server is my cable provider's SMTP server. All this
is further complicated because for my home business, using an entirely
different set of domains, my SMTP and POP3 servers are my own domain
servers hosted elsewhere. 

Chris 

> -----Original Message-----
> From: asrg-admin@ietf.org [mailto:asrg-admin@ietf.org] On 
> Behalf Of Sabahattin Gucukoglu
> Sent: Monday, August 25, 2003 3:13 AM
> To: asrg@ietf.org
> Subject: [Asrg] MXs Used As Authentication - Why RMX?
> 
> 
> Hi peeps,
> 
> I've tried hard to work out a requirement for an additional 
> DNS RR (RMX - 
> Danisch Draft) for authentication, but can't understand why MXs alone 
> can't be used.  I must be missing something somewhere.  Why 
> can't you just 
> resolve the given envelope sender domain, check all of the 
> MXs hostnames 
> and see if any of them matches your connecting machine's IP after 
> resolution to addresses?  The hostname could come either from 
> the SMTP 
> client greeting (helo/ehlo) or the sender domain, and MX 
> resolution could 
> be recursive (including checks to ensure no infinite 
> recursion).  Now, so 
> long as all possible output relays for a domain are an MX, there's no 
> problem, right? (Or is this not what happens in the 
> real-world?)  Even if 
> an IP's RDNS resolves to a name completely different of the 
> domain, which 
> happens for people using DDNS on fast connections to the net 
> (cable/etc), 
> the solution still works.  It just needs coordinated 
> configuration of MTAs 
> properly (so that ehlo/helo resolves to owner FQDN) and the 
> checking code 
> which would ensure that a hostname given was stripped to form 
> all possible 
> domains for checking (ensure that host doesn't get refused if 
> a relay with 
> the same domain name - EG xyz.example.org checked as example.org).
> 
> Anything need clarifying?  Please ask.  I'll be back when the 
> flames die 
> down a little and someone has put the idea right out...  If my 
> understanding is messy, please let me know where. :-)
> 
> Cheers,
> Sabahattin
> 
> -- 
> 
> Thought for the day:
>     The only thing that hurts more than paying income tax
>     is not having to pay income tax.
> 
> Latest PGP Public key?  Click: 
> <mailto:PGPPublicKey@sabahattin-gucukoglu.com>
> and send that 
> message as is.
> 
> Sabahattin Gucukoglu
> Phone: +44 (0)20 7,502-1615
> Mobile: +44 (0)7986 053399
> http://www.sabahattin-gucukoglu.com/
> E-mail or MSN Messenger: <mail@Sabahattin-Gucukoglu.com>
> 
> 
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg
> 



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To: Bill Cole <aarg@billmail.scconsult.com>
From: Brad Knowles <brad.knowles@skynet.be>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] MXs Used As Authentication - Why RMX?
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Date: Mon, 25 Aug 2003 15:11:34 +0200

At 7:28 AM -0400 2003/08/25, Bill Cole wrote:

>  It is not what happens in the real world. For sites handling
>  significant mail volume, outbound mail and inbound mail are large
>  enough and different enough in their ideal system design that it
>  makes sense to have them handled by different systems.

	This issue is dealt with in 
<http://www.irtf.org/asrg/draft-vixie-repudiating-mail-from.txt>.

	As I see it, one primary problem with this draft is that it 
breaks the most common form of mailing lists -- aliases.


	This draft also prevents people from being able to legitimately 
transmit e-mail using domain names that they don't control, via other 
servers.  It is not at all unusual for me to go travelling somewhere 
and want to continue to use my normal e-mail address, but use the 
local mail relay services available from the provider I'm using at 
the moment.

	Same for third-party webmail services.

	You would have no choice but to have SMTPAUTH or TLSSMTP 
available for the official relays for your domain, and to be able to 
guarantee that you can always get through to them using these 
features, as opposed to being transparently proxied somewhere else 
(something that more and more providers are starting to do).


	In my case, the Skynet mail servers are on many black lists, 
because there are a large number of customers (over one million), a 
small percentage of whom generate spam (or are open relays for spam). 
But that small percentage is enough to get the main mail servers 
effectively permanently black listed, even if this is a serial 
process -- get off the black list that resulted from customer A, get 
right back on the black list because of customer B.

	There are some places out there that use the rfc-ignorant.org 
domain-based black lists, and I can't get mail to those people using 
this account, no matter what relay I use (yes, Skynet is stupid 
enough to not have a functioning abuse@ address).

	But for everyone else, I can route my outbound mail through an 
ssh tunnel to a server I have elsewhere in the US, and at least I'm 
not hindered by the fact that the Skynet servers are on many of the 
blacklists in the world.


	I don't see this sort of solution being feasible.  The legitimate 
third-party relay problem is a tough one to solve.

-- 
Brad Knowles, <brad.knowles@skynet.be>

"They that can give up essential liberty to obtain a little temporary
safety deserve neither liberty nor safety."
     -Benjamin Franklin, Historical Review of Pennsylvania.

GCS/IT d+(-) s:+(++)>: a C++(+++)$ UMBSHI++++$ P+>++ L+ !E-(---) W+++(--) N+
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Date: Mon, 25 Aug 2003 14:38:01 -0400

Welcome to the mailing list of the Anti-Spam Research Group (ASRG) of the 
Internet Research Task Force (IRTF). This message is sent out to the 
mailing list at regular intervals in order to remind group members and 
inform newcomers about various aspects of the ASRG. In addition to this 
message, additional messages will be sent on a regular basis providing 
updates on work items and summarizing mailing list discussions.

0. ANNOUNCEMENTS.

o There are still many open items on the research agenda not been taken 
care of. WE NEED VOLUNTEERS to take care of things, if you would like to 
help please post to the list or contact the chair off-list.
o All suggestions on how to improve the group are welcome, please email us!


1. INTRODUCTION TO THE ASRG.

The Anti-Spam Research Group (ASRG) focuses on the problem of unwanted 
email messages, loosely referred to as spam. The purpose of the ASRG is to 
UNDERSTAND the problem and collectively PROPOSE and EVALUATE solutions to 
the problem.The ASRG is part of the IRTF. The IRTF focuses on longer term 
research issues related to the Internet while the parallel organization, 
the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), focuses on the shorter term 
issues of engineering and standards making. The operations of the IRTF and 
its research groups are discussed in detail in RFC 2014 (BCP 8).


2. INTERIM INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY POLICY 
(http://www.irtf.org/asrg/asrg_ipr_policy.htm).

"By submission of a contribution, each person actually submitting the 
contribution is deemed to agree to the following terms and conditions on 
his own behalf, on behalf of the organization (if any) he represents and on 
behalf of the owners of any propriety rights in the contribution.. Where a 
submission identifies contributors in addition to the contributor(s) who 
provide the actual submission, the actual submitter(s) represent that each 
other named contributor was made aware of and agreed to accept the same 
terms and conditions on his own behalf, on behalf of any organization he 
may represent and any known owner of any proprietary rights in the 
contribution.

The contributor represents that he has disclosed the existence of any 
proprietary or intellectual property rights in the contribution that are 
reasonably and personally known to the contributor. The contributor does 
not represent that he personally knows of all potentially pertinent 
proprietary and intellectual property rights owned or claimed by the 
organization he represents (if any) or third parties."


3. POSTING GUIDELINES 
(http://www.irtf.org/asrg/asrg_mailing_list_information.htm).

All conversation on this mailing list must be regarding one of the work 
items outlined in the ASRG Research Agenda document. The subject of each 
email should begin with the number of the appropriate work item. For 
example, "2.a - Spam Measurement Survey Requirements" or "6 - Proposal for 
hash-based traceback system". The list volume makes it difficult to follow 
individual conversations and to filter the noise. This will help eliminate 
both problems. This is a research group. If you have constructive feedback, 
please share it in an appropriate manner. If you just feel like saying that 
"spam can not be stopped" or "this group will fail because I said so", then 
you should state those things elsewhere. This mailing list is for 
discussion towards the goals of the group as stated in the charter.

NOTE: The moderator or chair may at their discretion moderate posting 
privileges of participants who ignore these guidelines. If they do so they 
will announce the fact to the list, with an explanation.


4. ASRG RESEARCH AGENDA (http://www.irtf.org/asrg/asrg_research_agenda.htm).

The purpose of the ASRG is to understand the problem and collectively 
propose and evaluate solutions to the problem. The Research Agenda lists 
different areas of research that the ASRG is pursuing.


5. ASRG Work Item Status 
(https://www1.ietf.org/mail-archive/working-groups/asrg/current/msg06938.html).

This lists the current work items showing owner and status. Each item also 
shows the associated item number from the research agenda.


6. MAIN ASRG PLAYERS.

Vern Paxon <vern {at} icir.org> - IRTF Chair
Paul Judge <paul.judge {at} ciphertrust.com> - ASRG Co-Chair
Yakov Shafranovich <research {at} solidmatrix.com> - ASRG Co-Chair
Jakob Munoz <jmunoz {at} ietf.org> - Mailing list technical contact


7. IMPORTANT LINKS.

ASRG charter - http://www.irtf.org/charters/asrg.html
Official ASRG website - http://www.irtf.org/asrg
Mailing list archive - 
https://www1.ietf.org/mail-archive/working-groups/asrg/current/maillist.html
Search engine for the archive - http://news.gmane.org/gmane.ietf.asrg

IRTF website - http://www.irtf.org
IETF website - http://www.ietf.org
IAB website - http://www.iab.org
RFC 2014 (BCP 8) - ftp://ftp.isi.edu/in-notes/rfc2014.txt


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To: "Alan DeKok" <aland@freeradius.org>
From: Brad Knowles <brad.knowles@skynet.be>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] MXs Used As Authentication - Why RMX?
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Date: Mon, 25 Aug 2003 21:43:56 +0200

At 12:21 PM -0400 2003/08/25, Alan DeKok wrote:

>    This was discussed earlier on the list.  "outgoing" MX records mean
>  that some current network behaviours may change.  Mailing lists may
>  still exist, but their implementations may change.

	I'm sorry.  I just don't see where this is feasible.

>                                                      Other than
>  deployment, I don't see this as much of a problem.

	"Other than that, Mrs. Lincoln, what did you think of the play?"

>    How does the recipient of that email establish a consent framework
>  for communication with you?  How does he separate your traffic from
>  the "forged spam" traffic?

	This is a good question.  This is something that would have to be 
resolved by the people who are proponents of this solution.

>>  	I don't see this sort of solution being feasible.  The legitimate
>>  third-party relay problem is a tough one to solve.
>
>    How does the recipient distinguish "legitimate" third-party relays
>  from "illegitimate" ones?

	See above.  I don't have any answers.  I can say that I think 
this will be one of the more difficult problems that will have to be 
resolved, in order for this kind of proposal to succeed.

>    I'm not opposed to legitimate third-party relaying.  But it's my
>  perogative as a recipient to discard any email I choose.

	Sure.  You can throw away your e-mail any way you want.

	However, before you can expect that a significant number of 
people will adopt this kind of system (thus allowing you to use it to 
filter your mail), the problem of legitimate third-party relay will 
have to be solved.  People will not want to use any system that has 
such a serious problem with collateral damage.

>                                                            Unverifiable
>  third-party relaying is a large part of my spam, and costs me time and
>  money.

	Then you should set up filters now that require that the envelope 
sender address matches the domain portion of the reverse DNS for the 
sending MTA.  Start throwing away as much e-mail as you possibly can, 
as soon as you possibly can.

	Meanwhile, the rest of us will continue to work to try to find a 
system that would be feasible to recommend to the rest of the people 
in the world.

-- 
Brad Knowles, <brad.knowles@skynet.be>

"They that can give up essential liberty to obtain a little temporary
safety deserve neither liberty nor safety."
     -Benjamin Franklin, Historical Review of Pennsylvania.

GCS/IT d+(-) s:+(++)>: a C++(+++)$ UMBSHI++++$ P+>++ L+ !E-(---) W+++(--) N+
!w--- O- M++ V PS++(+++) PE- Y+(++) PGP>+++ t+(+++) 5++(+++) X++(+++) R+(+++)
tv+(+++) b+(++++) DI+(++++) D+(++) G+(++++) e++>++++ h--- r---(+++)* z(+++)

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From: "Pete - Madscientist" <madscientist@microneil.com>
To: <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] 4. Consent Framework  - General
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Date: Mon, 25 Aug 2003 16:49:46 -0400
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|-----Original Message-----
|From: asrg-admin@ietf.org [mailto:asrg-admin@ietf.org] On 
|Behalf Of Christopher Bird
<snip>
|As part of the work on consent frameworks, is there a proposal 
|somewhere to allow a user or delegated administrator) to see 
|the consents that s/he has in place? Rather like Credit 
|reporting. I periodically receive my credit report and check 
|it out to see if there is anything weird on it. I would also 
|like, periodically, to see the consents that I have in place 
|and to be able to tweak them (or revoke them).

Though it is not stated yet on the site, in the XML-CPDL it is presumed
that a good implementation would be able to produce a comprehensive
XML-CPD from the perspective of any SYSTEM in the network including all
of the inherited policy elements.

This may take a few extra elements to iron out, or at least some
understanding of the securities required in the scope of such a system,
but one can fairly easliy conjecture that in a hierarchcally organized
network or CPDs an administrator could "dump" a comprehensive CPD for
the system, and presumably limit the scope of that document to the
perspecitive of one or more "leaf" SYSTEMs.

ie:

Get policies through

Border MTA,
Domain x MTA/MDA,
User y MUA

With a little bit of tweaking and security work one might expect that
User y would also be able to request the same document.

_M


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From: "Pete - Madscientist" <madscientist@microneil.com>
To: "'ASRG'" <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] 4d. Consent Framework - Protocols and Formats
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|>The XML-CPDL is _somewhat_ agnostic on the application of SCOPE, but 
|>fairly definite on it's implementation. I think at the very least we 
|>should be sure that SCOPE as defined in the consent framework is not 
|>incompatible with the XML-CPDL. We should probably endeavor to make a 
|>direct linkage between the two - and where that is not 
|possible explain 
|>how the two interact.
|
|The languages and protocols for consent should flow out from 
|the consent 
|framework. This is consistent with the approach taken by the 
|IM WG in the IETF.

Since we are here to develop both the framework and languages that
express that framework I have the expectation that there is room for
movement in both. Where that is not the case there is bound to be
conflict since implementation constraints seldom match the more academic
constraints of "a given framework". Some compromise is always present
for practicality sake.

I would hope that since both aspects are present in the work of this
group that any such conflicts could be minimized as a matter of course
resulting in a better overall product - reflected both in the framework,
and the suggested implementations...

_M


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From exim@www1.ietf.org  Tue Aug 26 17:51:31 2003
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From: "Kurt Magnusson" <kmn_asgr@hotmail.com>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject:  Re: [Asrg] 2.a.1 Analysis of Actual Spam Data - next steps (reflection)
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Date: Tue, 26 Aug 2003 18:02:49 -0200


Since we don't yet have any ASRG data, I like to give some tidbits regarding 
some results I made on handling some ca 120.000 mails for my data file.

Since I do concentrate in finding valid contact info in the mails, I extract 
URL's and phone nos. In May I made some reference to some of my findings, 
but when adding ca 50.000 mails from spamarchive.org, to increase my data 
list last week, I experienced some unexpected results.

In short, in March/April I processed ca 5-6.000 mails I got myself, giving 
me some 3.000 uniq URL's (I only keep the least common denominator of a 
domains). In May I filtered some 50.000 mails from spamarchive.org to 
increase data, which gave me an additional ca 8.000 URL's/phone no:s and 
some time later another 15.000 from a dutch guy on a RIPE.net discussion. 
This added about another ca 5-6.000 URL's/nos.

These collections gave that ca 20 % of the letters was unknown addresses, so 
when I last week where to catch up with new domains, I again expected to get 
ca 20 % from the 50.000 new mails. But not so. After sorting and removing 
duplicates, I only got ca 2.500 new addresses, nearly 5.000 less than in May 
from the same amount of data.

Yeah, but in May all where new, now it is only 3-4 months later and a still 
much of those spams is around !

True, where Spamarchive gets their info can taint the result but after 
looking at it, my conclusion is that if we have a really large number of 
used domains/numbers, I would at least had ca half/two thirds the number to 
the May batch, for if we have a significantly large number of domains I 
still should have missed a lot in May, rising the last week figures. But it 
didn't.

At one occation here, during the summer, I said that even if the figures of 
spams counts millions, the number of operators/domains is far less. With 
some 120.000 mails I should have some statistical relevance and I still want 
to press on the fact that we probably only have some 30-50.000 active spam 
domains/call center numbers, making the blocking task easier, if we use the 
right data.

Another reflection, the ISP, for the account where I have the most problems, 
installed Spamassain in some bayisian mode during the Sobig attack last 
week. Due to the number of users and volume, it worked hard, getting 
visiable more effective during the weekend. But still, me simply grepping 
URL's from my block list, in incoming mails, still is ca 30% more effective 
than Spamassasin, Spamassasin also having more false positives. For those 
interested in the domain/nos data, you find it on :

http://hem.passagen.se/kmn_asrg/spamlist.txt.

Note, Sun's implementation(s) of grep have some funny behaviours, so I had 
to protect the dot in the urls. I also found out that grep is guilty of some 
of my false positives (1 in 200), since it matches domains in list with 
words in the mail, not being domains. Non of the (ef)grep alternatives helps 
and Sun is my only evironment, so if someone have a clue, I apressiate a 
hint. Also, Some addresses I never decoded, since my proof-of concept filter 
don't have any code filters, only my URL/phone extraction tool has that 
today.

Kurt Magnusson

_________________________________________________________________
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Subject: [Asrg] Re: 2.a.1 Analysis of Actual Spam Data - Spam Attack Characteristic
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Date: Tue, 26 Aug 2003 02:54:04 -0400
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I would like to add a new item to the Spam Attack Characteristics section.

How Spammer react to rejections/denials:

This may be related to "How long to floods last", but I believe it needs to
be a separate consideration.

Background:

One characteristic I found with our anti-spam features in our email software
is how spammers react depending on when a rejection or denial is performed.

IP filtering is performed when the connection arrives before the SMTP
session is started.  If the IP is denied (using one of many methods,  RBL or
internal filter list),  the denied/rejection response is delayed until the
spammer reaches the RCPT TO: state of the SMTP client/server conversation.

If the session is disrupted or negative unexpected responses are sent prior
to the RCPT TO: state,  we found that the spammer attack frequency
increases.

It seems when the SPAMMER has "learned" about the email address (good or
bad) at the RCPT TO: state, it is only then that it does not alter or
reschedule the attack.   It may try again at some other time, but it will
not be immediate.

Of course, it is not across the board behavior, but the behavior was most
obvious when we added our anti-spam IP/RBL features to our software.

In addition, we also added filtering at the DATA stage.   This presented a
double-edge sword.

Although, email was filtered for the final recipients, the rejection DATA
response has contributed to the attack frequency.

We need to look keep in mind what these spammers are selling - Email
Addresses to potential advertisers.
I believe the #1 commodity to the spammers is the email address.    They
could care less about the content of the mail or whether there exist
filtering technology at the receiving system or at the end-user.   As a
developer, if I was to write a spamming too,  getting that email information
from the RCPT TO: state is the most important piece of information I want to
found out about.

So how spammer react to denies/rejection is a very important considering any
future designs or methods proposed.

Ultimately the less the spammer  know about an email address, the better.

----

Hector Santos
WINSERVER "Wildcat! Interactive Net Server"
support: http://www.winserver.com
sales: http://www.santronics.com




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From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@freeradius.org>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] [7b BCP] What may be, versus what is.
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Mon, 25 Aug 2003 18:51:36 -0000."
             <1030825185136.ZM32198@candle.brasslantern.com> 
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Date: Tue, 26 Aug 2003 11:01:17 -0400

Bart Schaefer <schaefer@brasslantern.com> wrote:
> [ re: outgoing SMTP servers blocking all inbound traffic ]
>
> Servers configured that way may find that they are not able to send
> mail to aol.com addresses.  AOL now periodically tests IPs from which it
> recieves inbound mail to determine whether they are open relays.  My
> experience has been that if those IPs simply refuse inbound SMTP, they
> get put on AOL's blacklist; to pass AOL's open relay test, the server
> must both accept an SMTP connection, and then refuse to transmit.

  That is, in order to discover if the messages were sent
consentually, AOL has implemented yet another broken "consent"
protocol.  That "consent" protocol is unable to determine that two
methods for refusing to relay are semantically equivalent.  Further,
if you don't consent to their broken "consent" protocol, they don't
consent to communicate with you at all.

  So we need a BCP saying why their practices are unhelpful.

  Or, we need a BCP from AOL, saying why their practices are helpful.

  Or, we need to design a better consent protocol which doesn't have
these problems, so AOL can implement it.


  While I understand that current network practices make it difficult
to implement a consent system, we should NOT give up trying to design
or implement such a system because of those difficulties.  We are here
to design a consent system precisely BECAUSE of difficulties in
current practices.

  Alan DeKok.

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To: Pete - Madscientist <madscientist@microneil.com>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] 4d. Consent Framework - Protocols and Formats
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Quoting Pete - Madscientist <madscientist@microneil.com>:

> |>The XML-CPDL is _somewhat_ agnostic on the application of SCOPE, but 
> |>fairly definite on it's implementation. I think at the very least we 
> |>should be sure that SCOPE as defined in the consent framework is not 
> |>incompatible with the XML-CPDL. We should probably endeavor to make a
> 
> |>direct linkage between the two - and where that is not 
> |possible explain 
> |>how the two interact.
> |
> |The languages and protocols for consent should flow out from 
> |the consent 
> |framework. This is consistent with the approach taken by the 
> |IM WG in the IETF.
> 
> Since we are here to develop both the framework and languages that
> express that framework I have the expectation that there is room for
> movement in both. Where that is not the case there is bound to be
> conflict since implementation constraints seldom match the more
> academic constraints of "a given framework". Some compromise is 
> always present for practicality sake.
> I would hope that since both aspects are present in the work of this
> group that any such conflicts could be minimized as a matter of course
> resulting in a better overall product - reflected both in the
> framework, and the suggested implementations...

This seems reasonable enough. The two are closely related and the
development of one can help to improve the other.

Incidentally, while we're on the topic of the consent language, I
stumbled across RFC 3028 again today:
  http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3028.txt

For those not familiar with it, it's for a mail filtering language
known as Sieve.

Kee Hinkley and a few others have mentioned this before:
  https://www1.ietf.org/mail-archive/working-groups/asrg/current/msg02001.html

Although it's not an XML-based syntax its sections 4 and 5 define
some tests and actions which might be useful inspiration for the
basic "primitives" which we discussed before as a way of providing
a minimum consent policy.

Sieve is designed for use at the MUA or final-MTA level, so it is
written from that point of view. Not all of its features may be
appropriate for use in an MTA but nonetheless I'll point out some
of the interesting ones:

The basic tests in Sieve are:
 - test an address to see if it matches a certain pattern

 - test a header to see if it matches a certain pattern

 - test header to see if a certain header exists: this could be
   used to check for the presence of CRI headers, for example

 - test size of message to see if it's in a certain range

There are also "allof", "anyof" and "not" tests which can be used
to group tests, the first two obviously correspond to logical
conjunction (AND) and disjunction (OR) respectively. You could
create corresponding "<AND>" / "<ALLOF>", "<OR>" / "<ANYOF>" and
"<NOT>" elements to express such structures in XML.

The above tests are very simple and won't do much on their own.
Which is why I'd like to take them as basics and try to create
some additional, more powerful, tests to go alongside them.

I'm leaving out the precise syntactical details such as the 
types of comparator used so as not to confuse the issue with
too much Sieve syntax. But the idea of combining tests in this 
way is something that the <CONDITIONS> element of the XML-CPDL
could do with:

  http://www.sortmonster.com/ASRG/ConsentPolicyExample.xml

As for actions, the basic actions in Sieve are:
 - reject (bounce the message back with an error e-mail)

 - fileinto (store the message in a specific mailbox folder - not
   really meaningful outside of a MUA)

 - redirect (forward the message elsewhere, subject to loop 
   detection of course)

 - keep (allow the message to arrive in the inbox)

 - discard (silently delete the message with no bounce)

These types of things would make good <ACTION> options.

I would suggest that these items are (semantically) a good
starting point for things which ought to be in our consent
language.

You could even use Sieve as a basis for defining extensions
to the basic language as it's intended to be extensible. For
example, RFC 3431 defines some relational >= and <= comparators
for use therein (http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3431.txt).

Of course Sieve has no XML syntax so it doesn't sit very
neatly with our language as-is. However people might choose
to use a Sieve engine or SPITBOL or whatever they like to
implement their own tests/actions as you suggest.

I'd still like to clarify where the dividing line should be
between the standard policy language and any extensions but
I'm sure that as we develop the XML-CPDL primitives it will
become clear what won't actually be part of the standard.

The first step would be to render the above into some sensible
XML and see how it looks.

Any comments?

Andrew

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From: "Peter J. Holzer" <hjp-asrg@hjp.at>
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] MXs Used As Authentication - Why RMX?
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Date: Tue, 26 Aug 2003 09:13:33 +0200


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On 2003-08-25 18:51:36 +0000, Bart Schaefer wrote:
> On Aug 25, 11:58am, Alan DeKok wrote:
> } Subject: Re: [Asrg] MXs Used As Authentication - Why RMX?
> }
> }   It's been suggested that outgoing SMTP servers should be in an
> } entirely different address range than incoming servers, and that those
> } outgoing servers shouldn't accept ANY traffic other than what they
> } originate.  No SMTP, no ICMP, nothing at all.

ACK to SMTP. No to ICMP. Apart from those ICMP packages which need to
get through for proper operation (destination unreachable, fragmentation
needed, etc.) icmp echo should imho never be blocked for an active
computer on the internet. It doesn't add any security and just adds a
lot of hassle if you have to track down any problems.=20


> Servers configured that way may find that they are not able to send
> mail to aol.com addresses.  AOL now periodically tests IPs from which it
> recieves inbound mail to determine whether they are open relays.  My
> experience has been that if those IPs simply refuse inbound SMTP, they
> get put on AOL's blacklist; to pass AOL's open relay test, the server
> must both accept an SMTP connection, and then refuse to transmit.

Sounds like a stupid policy to me. If the server doesn't even accept
SMTP, how can it be an open relay? (of course it is possible that the
server only blocks AOL's IP-ranges and is open to everybody else - but
that would be a conscious policy-decision and not just an
open-by-default relay, and a similar policy can be implemented with
e.g., sendmail's access map at the SMTP level)

I see no reason why anybody outside of our firewall should be able to
connect to our outgoing server (except via an encrypted, authenticated
connection).

	hp

--=20
   _  | Peter J. Holzer    | Humor ohne Emoticons ist trockener Humor.
|_|_) | Sysadmin WSR       |=20
| |   | hjp@hjp.at         |	-- Toni Grass in aip
__/   | http://www.hjp.at/ |

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To: Christopher Bird <seabird@msn.com>, gep2@terabites.com
Subject: RE: [Asrg] 4. Consent Framework  - General
Message-ID: <1061930886.3f4bc78660cfb@student-webmail.lboro.ac.uk>
From: Andrew Akehurst <A.D.Akehurst-99@student.lboro.ac.uk>
Cc: asrg@ietf.org, Danny Angus <danny@apache.org>
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Quoting gep2@terabites.com:

>> As part of the work on consent frameworks, is there a proposal
>> somewhere to allow a user or delegated administrator) to see the
>> consents that s/he has in place? 

> The process I proposed involves a normal flat file file, editable
> locally by the  recipient, that allows them to have a complete local
> copy showing all their granted permissions and (likewise) restrictions.
> That could be simply uploaded to the ISP or domain provider, should
> the filtering be done there rather than by a local application running
> atthe user's own site.

It should be the case that, whatever syntax is used to express and
exchange consent, the user should be able to override their entire
policy at any time: to cancel any previous policy and issue a new
one to replace it.

This suggests two requirements for any protocol for passing on consent
policies:

 (1) A "consent sharing protocol" must allow a reciever to replace
     their entire consent policy when they require

... and to prevent abuse of (1):

 (2) A "consent sharing protocol" must only allow a consent policy 
     to be replaced by the "owner" of that policy. This implies a
     need for some form of authentication so that spammers couldn't
     arbitrarily replace policies on the behalf of end-users.

Common sense of course, but I've not seen these stated thus far.

Also I don't recall seeing anyone giving a name to such protocols.
I'd suggest that, to be consistent with section 2.5 of the consent
framework document, we refer to these as "Consent Sharing Protocols"
(or CSPs for the lazy :-)

> Normally, they could simply upload the complete file to their ISP,
> whether by FTP or via an E-mail attachment or even perhaps through
> a Web site upload link or something.  

This is something which a CSP would address. Until we have one we
can leave the details slightly vague.

I think there were some people around here who were interested in
the CSP area. Danny?

 ...8<...

> > Every one of the current customers knows that sales@thecompany.com is
> the way to get in touch when they want to buy things from us, so the
> email address is itself, a thing of value and an asset that was valued
> in the asset purchase agreement.
> 
> Sure, and there's no particular reason to have to abandon it.  Again,
> I'd simply set that incoming E-mail address to strip HTML-
> alternative attachments (indeed, probably attachments of ALL kinds). 
> If there is (for whatever bizarre reason) someone you want or need 
> to get attachments or HTML from to that address, you can list those
> approved senders with those specific appropriate permissions.

This is another type of test that would form a useful part of a CPDL.

> Yup, for example.  And even if they DO come across your wire, you 
> ought to be able to still trash them immediately under the 
> specifications of your permissions list, without ever seeing them.

This is akin to the "discard" Sieve action I mentioned in a previous
message.

Sorry to raid your ideas Gordon, but these are good suggestions
which could go into the melting pot for a standard CPDL. :-)

Andrew

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Subject: RE: [Asrg] 4. Consent Framework  - General
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        Christopher Bird
	<seabird@msn.com>, gep2@terabites.com
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>>> As part of the work on consent frameworks, is there a proposal
>>> somewhere to allow a user or delegated administrator) to see the
>>> consents that s/he has in place? 

>> The process I proposed involves a normal flat file file, editable
>> locally by the  recipient, that allows them to have a complete local
>> copy showing all their granted permissions and (likewise) restrictions.
>> That could be simply uploaded to the ISP or domain provider, should
>> the filtering be done there rather than by a local application running
>> atthe user's own site.

>It should be the case that, whatever syntax is used to express and
>exchange consent, the user should be able to override their entire
>policy at any time: to cancel any previous policy and issue a new
>one to replace it.

Yes, and I think it is a good idea from a reliability standpoint to ENCOURAGE 
that it in fact be done that [all-at-once] way... it removes a lot of problems 
that happen with 'incremental' updates.  It also means that there will be at 
least two copies, stored separately, with their permissions entirely expressed.

>This suggests two requirements for any protocol for passing on consent
>policies:
>
> (1) A "consent sharing protocol" must allow a reciever to replace
>     their entire consent policy when they require

Good.

>.. and to prevent abuse of (1):
>
> (2) A "consent sharing protocol" must only allow a consent policy 
>     to be replaced by the "owner" of that policy. This implies a
>     need for some form of authentication so that spammers couldn't
>     arbitrarily replace policies on the behalf of end-users.

Also good.

>Common sense of course, but I've not seen these stated thus far.

Excellent point.  This shouldn't be left to interpretation, or just 'common 
sense'.

>Also I don't recall seeing anyone giving a name to such protocols.
>I'd suggest that, to be consistent with section 2.5 of the consent
>framework document, we refer to these as "Consent Sharing Protocols"
>(or CSPs for the lazy :-)

I don't think that "sharing" is as much the key aspect as it is that these 
things are set by the RECIPIENT to control access permissions (on a 
per-sender-basis) to THEIR (recipient's) E-mail inbox.

Keywords then might include things like E-Mail, Access, Recipient, Addressee, 
Permissions, List.... let's see, that so far would give EARAPL, but maybe I'd 
better leave acronym construction to somebody else.  :-)

>> Normally, they could simply upload the complete file to their ISP,
>> whether by FTP or via an E-mail attachment or even perhaps through
>> a Web site upload link or something.  

>This is something which a CSP would address. Until we have one we
>can leave the details slightly vague.

>I think there were some people around here who were interested in
>the CSP area. Danny?

Personally, I think what's most important here is that we come up with a good, 
simple, intuitive model which users (even) are comfortable manipulating.  I'd 
not like to see something which is inscrutable and obscure (and I'd hold up the 
DNS system as a bad example).  Efficient and workable, it may be... but damned 
difficult for anybody other than an "accomplished wizard" to understand and 
manipulate successfully, it seems.

> ...8<...
>
>> > Every one of the current customers knows that sales@thecompany.com is
>> the way to get in touch when they want to buy things from us, so the
>> email address is itself, a thing of value and an asset that was valued
>> in the asset purchase agreement.
 
>> Sure, and there's no particular reason to have to abandon it.  Again,
>> I'd simply set that incoming E-mail address to strip HTML-
>> alternative attachments (indeed, probably attachments of ALL kinds). 
>> If there is (for whatever bizarre reason) someone you want or need 
>> to get attachments or HTML from to that address, you can list those
>> approved senders with those specific appropriate permissions.

>This is another type of test that would form a useful part of a CPDL.

>> Yup, for example.  And even if they DO come across your wire, you 
>> ought to be able to still trash them immediately under the 
>> specifications of your permissions list, without ever seeing them.

>This is akin to the "discard" Sieve action I mentioned in a previous
>message.

Yes.  For example, I know that I get consistent E-mails from incredibly annoying 
and persistent spammers, who just won't leave me alone.  My incoming mail 
filtering system now dumps their crap straight into the "spam" junkbin (at least 
unless it finds something else there which indicates that I *might* want to give 
it another look, first... just in case)

>Sorry to raid your ideas Gordon, but these are good suggestions
>which could go into the melting pot for a standard CPDL. :-)

Thanks for the nice compliment!!  That's what I'm here for... to try to help 
offer my ideas and suggestions which hopefully will help us to at least REDUCE 
this huge and very annoying problem.

Gordon Peterson                  http://personal.terabites.com/
1977-2002  Twenty-fifth anniversary year of Local Area Networking!
Support the Anti-SPAM Amendment!  Join at http://www.cauce.org/
12/19/98: Partisan Republicans scornfully ignore the voters they "represent".
12/09/00: the date the Republican Party took down democracy in America.



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To: "Alan DeKok" <aland@freeradius.org>
From: Brad Knowles <brad.knowles@skynet.be>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] [7b BCP] What may be, versus what is.
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Date: Wed, 27 Aug 2003 11:09:50 +0200

At 11:01 AM -0400 2003/08/26, Alan DeKok wrote:

>    So we need a BCP saying why their practices are unhelpful.

	We can make that a part of the overall BCP update.

>    Or, we need a BCP from AOL, saying why their practices are helpful.

	You're not going to get that.  Management thinks of this as a 
competitive advantage, I'm sure.

>    Or, we need to design a better consent protocol which doesn't have
>  these problems, so AOL can implement it.

	Doesn't matter.  AOL doesn't give a damn about standards.  They 
care about the latest dain-bramaged idea that some marketing VP (who 
can't figure out how to wipe his own butt) can come up with.

>    While I understand that current network practices make it difficult
>  to implement a consent system, we should NOT give up trying to design
>  or implement such a system because of those difficulties.  We are here
>  to design a consent system precisely BECAUSE of difficulties in
>  current practices.

	We can design whatever we want.  But don't expect anyone at AOL 
to actually implement anything we come up with -- unless it's a 
stupid idea that we rejected.

-- 
Brad Knowles, <brad.knowles@skynet.be>

"They that can give up essential liberty to obtain a little temporary
safety deserve neither liberty nor safety."
     -Benjamin Franklin, Historical Review of Pennsylvania.

GCS/IT d+(-) s:+(++)>: a C++(+++)$ UMBSHI++++$ P+>++ L+ !E-(---) W+++(--) N+
!w--- O- M++ V PS++(+++) PE- Y+(++) PGP>+++ t+(+++) 5++(+++) X++(+++) R+(+++)
tv+(+++) b+(++++) DI+(++++) D+(++) G+(++++) e++>++++ h--- r---(+++)* z(+++)

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From exim@www1.ietf.org  Wed Aug 27 22:49:56 2003
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Subject: [Asrg] 0. General - Administrative - for M. Wild
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Date: Wed, 27 Aug 2003 09:24:24 -0400

This message is intended for M Wild ("Mike"):

I have been trying to send an email reply to you but unfortunately it is 
not going through due to the following error:

450 Client host rejected: cannot find your hostname, [xx.xx.xx.xx]

I do not have an rDNS address and use the IP address in the HELO command 
for SMTP. Apparently your server is not accepting that. Please let me know 
an alternative way to contact you.

Yakov 


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Subject: RE: [Asrg] 4. Consent Framework  - General
To: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>,
        Andrew Akehurst
	<A.D.Akehurst-99@student.lboro.ac.uk>,
        Christopher Bird <seabird@msn.com>, gep2@terabites.com
Cc: asrg@ietf.org, Danny Angus <danny@apache.org>
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On Tue, 26 Aug 2003, Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com> wrote:
>At 04:48 PM 8/26/2003, Andrew Akehurst wrote:
>>Quoting gep2@terabites.com:
>>
>>I think there were some people around here who were interested in
>>the CSP area. Danny?
>
>Who would like to participate and/or perhaps coordinate efforts in the 
>consent framework and consent protocols area?

I wouldn't mind taking that on, at least on a provisional basis. 

As for "protocols", I would hope that existing protocols will be adequate... 
Web, FTP, SMTP, POP.... I don't see any compelling reason to change existing 
subsystems there.

Any HIGHER level protocols that we might need ought to be able to be built, I'd 
think, on top of those existing standards.

Gordon Peterson                  http://personal.terabites.com/
1977-2002  Twenty-fifth anniversary year of Local Area Networking!
Support the Anti-SPAM Amendment!  Join at http://www.cauce.org/
12/19/98: Partisan Republicans scornfully ignore the voters they "represent".
12/09/00: the date the Republican Party took down democracy in America.



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From exim@www1.ietf.org  Wed Aug 27 23:45:26 2003
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From: "John Fenley" <pontifier@hotmail.com>
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] 4. Consent Framework  - General
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Date: Tue, 26 Aug 2003 19:24:19 -0600

This is a multi-part message in MIME format.

------=_NextPart_000_1823_d3d_4813
Content-Type: text/plain; format=flowed

It seems to me that no matter what language the consent famework is writen 
in, the limiting factor is still the tests that can be performed. It does no 
good to have even a perfect consent defenition if the tests that must be 
perfomed are not possible.

I have created a consent framework that i feel is simple, complete, and 
relies on tests that i know would be possible with the choicelist system I 
have been working on.

The attached file would be read as is by a Choicelist MUA.

John Fenley
www.Choicelist.com

_________________________________________________________________
Get MSN 8 and help protect your children with advanced parental controls.  
http://join.msn.com/?page=features/parental

------=_NextPart_000_1823_d3d_4813
Content-Type: text/plain; name="Consent_description_8.21.2003.txt"; format=flowed
Content-Disposition: attachment; filename="Consent_description_8.21.2003.txt"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

#   Choicelist sample consent policy v8/21/2003
#
#
#   This is a sample consent policy
#   This FiLe Is NoT CaSe sEnSiTiVe and
#   extra    spaces  (outside of [data blocks]) are    ignored
#   each line consists of a "COMMAND=DATA" string
#   A comma is treated as if it was a "[carriage return]LAST_COMMAND="
#   Conflicting commands: The last command is used
#
#   Commands available: key, Id, feedback, bulk, intro_a, intro_b, adv, 
content
#   whitelist, blacklist, list, filter, other
#
#   various coded/authorised values are(will be) looked up at 
www.choicelist.com
#   Gibberish strings represent Choicelist ids, and do not mean anything by 
themselves.
#



# key:
# allows the user to specify a key type and key to sign all outgoing mail 
with.
# keys may only be of aproved types, but anyone can define a type and submit 
it.
# this ensures that everyone will be able check the signature type 
specified.
# this also allows automatic ecryption/decryption at the sending and 
recieving ends
# Make sure your public key is included in your choicelist Id


# key=[key type][key]






# id:
# this allows the user to give their address, and Id to their MUA to allow 
extra checks


# id=me@example.com,97sd863j89






# Feedback allows a sender to see how you handle their mail. It tells bulk
# mailers that you do or don't want what they are sending, by telling them 
if
# you are ignoring them, or requesting that you receive their mailing if you
# aren't currently. This lowers costs to everyone over the long run.
# Selective mode asks you before sending a message.
#
# Give feedback:
# Yes, No, Selective.
# Default: Yes


  feedback=yes
# feedback=selective






# Receive bulk email:
# List valid Choicelist bulk email Ids.
# Default: No entries
# Default: each entry in a different folder


# bulk=a12t34s5[directory A]






# Receive bulk introductions:
# Two types of bulk introductions exist.
# Solitary and recomended
# A bulk introduction is a short blurb giving the name of the id responsible
# for the message, and asking if you would like to add them to your list, or
# ignore them forever.
# The timed option allows only Ids that were created before a certain date, 
or
# a number of days/months/years ago to be introduced. This proves a  measure
# of  stability on the part of the sender.
# intro_a is for any unknown sender and intro_b is for recomended senders
# Yes, No, Timed. time format "mm/dd/yyyy" or [number](m,d,or y)
# Default: Yes to both


intro_a=1m
intro_b=yes
# intro_a=6m






# Receive "ADV:" labeled mail:
# Yes, no.
# Default: Yes
# Default: placed in ADV folder and deleted after 30 days.


adv=yes[junk mail]
# adv=no






# Whitelist / blacklist:
# List addresses, ids, IPs or external lists to block/allow.
# Default: No entries


# whitelist=your_friend@example.com,192.0.34.166,34h2nn2b3,friend_list.txt
# blacklist=your_enemy@example.com,12.254.227.235,643ud52,foe_list.txt






# Receive personal email:
# this option affects only Choicelist personal mail
# The timed option makes Personal mail wait an amount of time before it is
# delivered. This raises the chance that a spamming personal Id will be
# terminated before the spam is delivered.
# Yes, No, Timed. time format x(sec,min,hr,d,m,y)
# Default: Yes


personal=yes
# personal=5min






# Receive/block mail from third party lists:
# List all valid Choicelist third party lists, and select block, or allow,
# plus handling options.
# Default: No entries
#
# Lists are evaluated first to last, as a party may be on more than one 
list.
# The last entry that mentions a party gives the final destination of mail
# from them.
# Eg:
# City Highschool: (allow): [school]
# City Highschool bullies: (block)
# Tim's friends: (allow): [Tim's friends]
#
# Everyone from city highschool will go in the school folder unless they're 
a
# bully or Tim's friend, while all of Tim's friends go in the Tim's friends
# folder even if they go to city high or are a bully.
# Bullies who are not Tim's friend go to the trash.
#
# These groups must be created and registered before being used.
# IP based lists may be added as well, though these only affect 
non-Choicelist
# registered mail.
# Anyone not on these lists is unaffected by these options.
# Anyone can create a list, and put anyone on it. This list is then made
# public, though it will be encrypted.
# These lists can be updated by the list controler.


# list=324bn28v[a][school],3jbnj8bc[a][chemistry class],






# Third party filters:
# List Choicelist compatible filters here.
# Default: No entries
# These are filters that have been interfaced with Choicelist.
# These filters are run according to the makers specifications, but user
# options may be set up if available.
# When a filter is put here it should just work.


# filter=528s9u78f






# Miscellaneous filters:
# Run other filters here.
# Default: No filters
#
# filters run on a virtual machine to prevent unauthorized actions unrelated
# to email.
# Filters that need to be messed with go here.


# filter=[command line][folders accessed][other resources required]






# Where unknown, unfiltered mail goes:
# Specify folder.
# Default: Inbox 2


other=[inbox2]
#other=delete

------=_NextPart_000_1823_d3d_4813--

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To: gep2@terabites.com, Brad Knowles <brad.knowles@skynet.be>
From: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>
Subject: Re: 7. BCP - Default Settings (was Re: [Asrg] 0. - General -
  Consent and SoBig)
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Date: Tue, 26 Aug 2003 23:25:07 -0400

At 01:23 PM 8/25/2003, gep2@terabites.com wrote:

> >>                                                                   There
> >>  are also various other documents in that area like BCPs for end-users.
>
>I wonder how many typical end-users would even know that such a document 
>EXISTS,
>let alone where to find it?

Thats part of our task as well - to determine the best way to getting the 
info to them, perhaps via ISPs.

> >>  What I am asking is for someone to take charge of this area and start
> >>  working on some documents. And even if you do not have the time to
> >>  collaborate, you can give some time to review the documents and
> >>  comments on them, with others who have ample more time to actually
> >>  write them.
>
> >       I can certainly participate on a team of reviewers and editors.
>
>I could probably do the same.

Please coordinate with Brad if you want to concentrate on BCP are specifically. 


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To: Brad Knowles <brad.knowles@skynet.be>,
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From: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>
Subject: Re: 7. BCP - Default Settings (was Re: [Asrg] 0. - General -  
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Date: Tue, 26 Aug 2003 23:25:32 -0400

At 05:09 PM 8/24/2003, Brad Knowles wrote:
>At 3:09 PM -0400 2003/08/24, Yakov Shafranovich wrote:
>
>  What I am asking is for someone to take charge of this area and start
>>  working on some documents. And even if you do not have the time to
>>  collaborate, you can give some time to review the documents and
>>  comments on them, with others who have ample more time to actually
>>  write them.
>
>         I can certainly participate on a team of reviewers and editors.
>
>         I would also be willing to coordinate this effort, until/unless 
> someone more qualified steps forward, or someone objects.

Ok, for starters:
1. We need to evaluate which areas require BCPs. In the research agenda 
(http://www.irtf.org/asrg/asrg_research_agenda.htm) three items are listed:
7.a. End-users
7.b. Mail administrators.
7.c. Mass Mailers

At least one additional one is required for DNSRBLs which Chris Lewis is 
working on. We also need to know which other areas would benefit from BCPs.
2. Three relevant existing RFCs are listed on the bottom of the documents 
page (http://www.irtf.org/asrg/asrg_documents.htm). We need to review them 
whether updating is needing. Contacting the author might help.
3. Volunteers are needed.
4. We need to review existing BCPs from other sources such as Carrot and 
Stick, SpamCon, etc.
5. Someone needs to plow throw the mailing list archive for BCP suggestions 
(use gmane.org).
6. A process needs to be setup to manage the area.

Yakov
    


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Subject: RE: [Asrg] 4. Consent Framework  - General
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Date: Tue, 26 Aug 2003 23:27:31 -0400

At 04:48 PM 8/26/2003, Andrew Akehurst wrote:
>Quoting gep2@terabites.com:
>
>I think there were some people around here who were interested in
>the CSP area. Danny?

Who would like to participate and/or perhaps coordinate efforts in the 
consent framework and consent protocols area?

Yakov 


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Subject: [Asrg] 6. Proposals - DNSRBL - Osirusoft shut down
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Date: Tue, 26 Aug 2003 23:35:53 -0400

According to the several messages 
(http://www.merit.edu/mail.archives/nanog/msg12818.html) and 
(http://slashdot.org/articles/03/08/27/0214238.shtml?tid=111&tid=126), the 
Osirusoft blacklists have been shutdown, and are currently rejecting email 
from all incoming addresses.

This has implications for DNSRBLs in general including the BCP area - how 
to account for a DNSRBL shutting down or being unreachable due a DDOS attack.

Yakov


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To: "Peter J. Holzer" <hjp-asrg@hjp.at>
From: Brad Knowles <brad.knowles@skynet.be>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] MXs Used As Authentication - Why RMX?
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Date: Wed, 27 Aug 2003 02:18:44 +0200

At 9:13 AM +0200 2003/08/26, Peter J. Holzer wrote:

>  Sounds like a stupid policy to me.

	Yeah, well.  No one ever accused AOL management of being intelligent.

	I know the people who are responsible for administering the 
Internet mail gateways, and their hands are tied.

>  I see no reason why anybody outside of our firewall should be able to
>  connect to our outgoing server (except via an encrypted, authenticated
>  connection).

	I agree.  I guess that's one reason why I'm no longer working there.

-- 
Brad Knowles, <brad.knowles@skynet.be>

"They that can give up essential liberty to obtain a little temporary
safety deserve neither liberty nor safety."
     -Benjamin Franklin, Historical Review of Pennsylvania.

GCS/IT d+(-) s:+(++)>: a C++(+++)$ UMBSHI++++$ P+>++ L+ !E-(---) W+++(--) N+
!w--- O- M++ V PS++(+++) PE- Y+(++) PGP>+++ t+(+++) 5++(+++) X++(+++) R+(+++)
tv+(+++) b+(++++) DI+(++++) D+(++) G+(++++) e++>++++ h--- r---(+++)* z(+++)

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To: Brad Knowles <brad.knowles@skynet.be>, "Peter J. Holzer" <hjp-asrg@hjp.at>
From: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] MXs Used As Authentication - Why RMX?
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Date: Wed, 27 Aug 2003 18:07:29 -0400

Just a quick reminder for everyone:

Please follow the posting guidelines posted at 
(http://www.irtf.org/asrg/asrg_mailing_list_information.htm) by prefixing 
the relevant area # and name in the subject.


At 08:18 PM 8/26/2003, Brad Knowles wrote:
>At 9:13 AM +0200 2003/08/26, Peter J. Holzer wrote:
>
>>  Sounds like a stupid policy to me.
>
>         Yeah, well.  No one ever accused AOL management of being intelligent.
>
>         I know the people who are responsible for administering the 
> Internet mail gateways, and their hands are tied.
>
>>  I see no reason why anybody outside of our firewall should be able to
>>  connect to our outgoing server (except via an encrypted, authenticated
>>  connection).
>
>         I agree.  I guess that's one reason why I'm no longer working there.
>
>--
>Brad Knowles, <brad.knowles@skynet.be>
>
>"They that can give up essential liberty to obtain a little temporary
>safety deserve neither liberty nor safety."
>     -Benjamin Franklin, Historical Review of Pennsylvania.
>
>GCS/IT d+(-) s:+(++)>: a C++(+++)$ UMBSHI++++$ P+>++ L+ !E-(---) W+++(--) N+
>!w--- O- M++ V PS++(+++) PE- Y+(++) PGP>+++ t+(+++) 5++(+++) X++(+++) R+(+++)
>tv+(+++) b+(++++) DI+(++++) D+(++) G+(++++) e++>++++ h--- r---(+++)* z(+++)
>
>_______________________________________________
>Asrg mailing list
>Asrg@ietf.org
>https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg


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Subject: RE: [Asrg] 6. Proposals - Challenge/response - CRI
From: david nicol <whatever@davidnicol.com>
To: Eric Dean <eric@purespeed.com>
Cc: "'Deven T. Corzine'" <deven@ties.org>,
        "'Yakov Shafranovich'" <research@solidmatrix.com>,
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Date: 27 Aug 2003 19:51:26 -0500
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In the terms of my quoted message, listing a method or methods in the
protocol would constitute approval.

Don't want to get bogged down in the morass of "violent agreement."

Cheers


On Thu, 2003-08-21 at 09:54, Eric Dean wrote:
> I'm not sure that we have to approve anything...we just have to have a
> protocol provide capabilities for interoperability..we don't have to
> select a method..but rather design a protocol that will accommodate.

 
> > I imagine one would hash all the MIME parts together.  Or do whatever
> > GPG does with a MIME message.  This but has been solved, there is only
> > to select an approach and approve it.

-- 
David Nicol / If at first you don't succeed, use a bigger hammer. 
                                        http://gallaghersmash.com


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To: asrg@ietf.org
From: Bill Cole <aarg@billmail.scconsult.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 6. Proposals - DNSRBL - Osirusoft shut down
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Date: Wed, 27 Aug 2003 15:43:56 -0400

At 11:35 PM -0400 8/26/03, Yakov Shafranovich wrote:
>According to the several messages 
>(http://www.merit.edu/mail.archives/nanog/msg12818.html) and 
>(http://slashdot.org/articles/03/08/27/0214238.shtml?tid=111&tid=126), 
>the Osirusoft blacklists have been shutdown, and are currently 
>rejecting email from all incoming addresses.
>
>This has implications for DNSRBLs in general including the BCP area 
>- how to account for a DNSRBL shutting down or being unreachable due 
>a DDOS attack.

The only implication I see is that people managing mail systems 
should be a little more careful about whose DNSBL's they trust. There 
have been issues of technical competence, transparency, and 
trustworthiness raised regarding Joe Jared's operation of that DNSBL 
essentially since day one, and what he did yesterday was a 
sociopathic act by Joe Jared, not the direct result of any attack on 
his systems. The decreasing availability and currency of his 
blacklist has been documented in public over the past few weeks, but 
it remained at least occasionally available at least through Monday 
and was apparently available enough yesterday to allow many sites to 
use it as a basis to reject perfectly legitimate mail in large volume.

Simply put: a DNSBL doesn't suddenly list all of 0.0.0.0/0 by 
accident or because of some attack on its source, it requires an 
intentional act of the person controlling the list. Using a list 
whose operator is prone to such fits of pique is not a good idea.

-- 
Bill Cole                                  
bill@scconsult.com


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References: <6.0.0.14.0.20030827092423.02730f58@solidmatrix.com>
To: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>
From: Brad Knowles <brad.knowles@skynet.be>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 0. General - Administrative - for M. Wild
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Date: Wed, 27 Aug 2003 22:30:55 +0200

At 9:24 AM -0400 2003/08/27, Yakov Shafranovich wrote:

>  450 Client host rejected: cannot find your hostname, [xx.xx.xx.xx]
>
>  I do not have an rDNS address and use the IP address in the HELO
>  command for SMTP. Apparently your server is not accepting that.
>  Please let me know an alternative way to contact you.

	Hmm.  Grist for the BCP mill.

-- 
Brad Knowles, <brad.knowles@skynet.be>

"They that can give up essential liberty to obtain a little temporary
safety deserve neither liberty nor safety."
     -Benjamin Franklin, Historical Review of Pennsylvania.

GCS/IT d+(-) s:+(++)>: a C++(+++)$ UMBSHI++++$ P+>++ L+ !E-(---) W+++(--) N+
!w--- O- M++ V PS++(+++) PE- Y+(++) PGP>+++ t+(+++) 5++(+++) X++(+++) R+(+++)
tv+(+++) b+(++++) DI+(++++) D+(++) G+(++++) e++>++++ h--- r---(+++)* z(+++)

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Subject: Re: [Asrg] 6. Proposals - DNSRBL - Osirusoft shut down
From: david nicol <davidnicol@pay2send.com>
To: Bill Cole <aarg@billmail.scconsult.com>
Cc: asrg@ietf.org
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On Wed, 2003-08-27 at 14:43, Bill Cole wrote:

> Simply put: a DNSBL doesn't suddenly list all of 0.0.0.0/0 by 
> accident or because of some attack on its source, it requires an 
> intentional act of the person controlling the list. Using a list 
> whose operator is prone to such fits of pique is not a good idea.

Maybe he's trying to say that valid e-mail should now be arriving by
ipv6?


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To: John Fenley <pontifier@hotmail.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 4. Consent Framework  - General
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Quoting John Fenley <pontifier@hotmail.com>:

> It seems to me that no matter what language the consent famework
> is writen in, the limiting factor is still the tests that can be
> performed. It does no good to have even a perfect consent 
> defenition if the tests that must be perfomed are not possible.

We're obviously limited by the bounds of conventional computation.

If AI technology were good enough I could scan my brain, create a
clone of my mental model for deciding whether e-mail is acceptable
and run that model against incoming messages.

Utterly impractical of course (although Greg Egan gave a nice
fictional description of such a process in "Permutation City").

However there are plenty of tests that are readily computable and
the power of such a framework lies in the ability to logically 
combine tests and to enforce policy decisions at multiple points
in the network.

> I have created a consent framework that i feel is simple, complete,
> and relies on tests that i know would be possible with the 
> choicelist system I have been working on.

Re-reading your PDF at:
  http://www.ftc.gov/bcp/workshops/spam/Supplements/fenley.pdf

... I see Choicelist as being an implementation of a specific 
consent system. (I don't mean that as a criticism of its generality,
just an observation)

The principle behind it is not inconsistent with the ASRG's
definition of a generic consent framework:

   http://www.solidmatrix.com/research/asrg/asrg-consent-framework.html

In that context, the Choicelist consent policy rules specify: 

 - accept mail from Choicelist senders where the user 
   has opted in

 - reject mail from Choicelist senders where the user has
   not opted in

 - filter all other messages using some other spam-filtering
   tools/techniques

Have I interpreted this correctly?

The "Choicelist Database Query Protocol" you refer to at:
  http://www.choicelist.com/Personal.html

... would be a kind of consent protocol as defined in section 2.5
of the ASRG framework.

Choicelist could be one of the implementation options available
in a standard framework, or else could become part of the
standard. If it is as powerful as you suggest then perhaps the
work on XML-CPDL ought to define standard test(s) for checking the
Choicelist status of a sender.

> The attached file would be read as is by a Choicelist MUA.

Thanks, it's worth a read. There's definitely an elegant simplicity
about the way it looks.

First impressions/comments...
  - can you clarify the syntax of the "list" command? In the example
    "list=324bn28v[a][school],3jbnj8bc[a][chemistry class],"

    Is it that "324bn28v" and "3jbnj8bc" are choicelist IDs,
    that "a" is short for "allow" and the other section is a 
    comment or description?

  - in your whitelist/blacklist command entries you specify some
    IP addresses to match against. Which IP address are you 
    intending to match? And how would a Choicelist system
    deal with DHCP or NAT configurations, in which IP addresses
    are either unstable or not those of the machine you expect?

  - consider using ISO 8601 formats on dates. YYYY-MM-DD is less
    ambiguous in an international context than MM/DD/YYYY.

Thanks

Andrew

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Date: Thu, 28 Aug 2003 08:19:11 -0200

Bill Cole wrote:

>>Yakov Shafranovich wrote:
>
>>According to the several messages 
>>(http://www.merit.edu/mail.archives/nanog/msg12818.html)
...........
>>This has implications for DNSRBLs in general including the BCP area - how 
>>to account for a DNSRBL shutting down or being unreachable due a DDOS 
>>attack.
>
>The only implication I see is that people managing mail systems should be a 
>little more careful about whose DNSBL's they trust.
>
>There have been issues of technical competence, transparency, and 
>trustworthiness raised
.........
>Simply put: a DNSBL doesn't suddenly list all of 0.0.0.0/0 by accident or 
>because of some attack on its source, it requires an intentional act of the 
>person controlling the list. Using a list whose
>operator is prone to such fits of pique is not a good idea.

It do points to that lists need to be operated in a resilient way, that we 
might need back-up's locally. We might also consider if it isn't time to get 
actors as FTC need to oversee and maybe back-up this types of lists or that 
the user have a responsability of maintaining its own honeypot/internal 
report mboxes, catching spam data, directed to the individual organisation, 
maintaining it's own list.

Kurt Magnusson

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Subject: Re: [Asrg] 0. General - Administrative - for M. Wild
From: David Wilson <David.Wilson@isode.com>
To: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>
Cc: asrg@ietf.org
In-Reply-To: <6.0.0.14.0.20030827092423.02730f58@solidmatrix.com>
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On Wed, 2003-08-27 at 14:24, Yakov Shafranovich wrote:
> This message is intended for M Wild ("Mike"):
> 
> I have been trying to send an email reply to you but unfortunately it is 
> not going through due to the following error:
> 
> 450 Client host rejected: cannot find your hostname, [xx.xx.xx.xx]
> 
> I do not have an rDNS address and use the IP address in the HELO command 
> for SMTP. Apparently your server is not accepting that. Please let me know 
> an alternative way to contact you.

RFC 2822 specifically allows domain literals in the EHLO/HELO command.

RFC 1123 Section 5.2.5 specific forbids refusing messages if the domain
name in HELO (predating SMTP extensions, there is no mention of EHLO)
"fails verification".

There was general discussion some years ago about the issue of:

- accepting SMTP connections when there is no rDNS for the calling IP
address.

- accepting SMTP connections if the rDNS hostname does not have an A
record which contains the calling IP address.

At that stage there were enough legitimate sites which fail either of
these tests to make rejection on these grounds unacceptable for a
reasonable service.

So, in my opinion M Wild's MTA is not acting reasonably.

cheers

David Wilson                             David.Wilson@isode.com
Isode Limited                            Tel: +44 (0) 20 8783 2961
http://www.isode.com


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 <a06001a48bb72c5548b11@[10.0.1.2]>
 <20030828145428.GG30828@gamerz.net>
To: Richard Rognlie <rrognlie@gamerz.net>
From: Brad Knowles <brad.knowles@skynet.be>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 0. General - Administrative - for M. Wild
Cc: Brad Knowles <brad.knowles@skynet.be>,
        Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>, asrg@ietf.org
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Date: Thu, 28 Aug 2003 22:29:02 +0200

At 10:54 AM -0400 2003/08/28, Richard Rognlie wrote:

>  And according to RFC2821, putting an IP as the HELO *IS* valid.
>  it is supposed to be an FQDN or an IP (in those cases where a machine
>  has no name [e.g. a dynamic dialup IP])  However, I don't accept
>  mail from HELO ip.ad.re.ss unless it's a LOCAL IP.

	Since RFC2821 explicitly prohibits you from checking the domain 
literal claimed in EHLO/HELO and rejecting the message if the reverse 
DNS doesn't match that domain, then I submit that your tests are at 
least violating the spirit of RFC2821 in a similar manner.

	But this is something that needs to be put in an updated BCP.  We 
should probably also talk to the appropriate IETF group about an 
update/clarification of RFC2821 to be more explicit on these issues.

-- 
Brad Knowles, <brad.knowles@skynet.be>

"They that can give up essential liberty to obtain a little temporary
safety deserve neither liberty nor safety."
     -Benjamin Franklin, Historical Review of Pennsylvania.

GCS/IT d+(-) s:+(++)>: a C++(+++)$ UMBSHI++++$ P+>++ L+ !E-(---) W+++(--) N+
!w--- O- M++ V PS++(+++) PE- Y+(++) PGP>+++ t+(+++) 5++(+++) X++(+++) R+(+++)
tv+(+++) b+(++++) DI+(++++) D+(++) G+(++++) e++>++++ h--- r---(+++)* z(+++)

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From: Richard Rognlie <rrognlie@gamerz.net>
To: Brad Knowles <brad.knowles@skynet.be>
Cc: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>, asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 0. General - Administrative - for M. Wild
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Date: Thu, 28 Aug 2003 10:54:28 -0400

On Wed, Aug 27, 2003 at 10:30:55PM +0200, Brad Knowles wrote:
> At 9:24 AM -0400 2003/08/27, Yakov Shafranovich wrote:
> 
> > 450 Client host rejected: cannot find your hostname, [xx.xx.xx.xx]
> >
> > I do not have an rDNS address and use the IP address in the HELO
> > command for SMTP. Apparently your server is not accepting that.
> > Please let me know an alternative way to contact you.
> 
> 	Hmm.  Grist for the BCP mill.

And according to RFC2821, putting an IP as the HELO *IS* valid.
it is supposed to be an FQDN or an IP (in those cases where a machine
has no name [e.g. a dynamic dialup IP])  However, I don't accept
mail from HELO ip.ad.re.ss unless it's a LOCAL IP.

-- 
 /  \__  | Richard Rognlie / Oracle Prophet / Gamerz.NET Lackey
 \__/  \ | http://www.gamerz.net/rrognlie/    <rrognlie@gamerz.net>
 /  \__/ | I can only please 1 person per day.  Today is not your day.
 \__/    | Tomorrow doesn't look good either.


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Subject: Re: [Asrg] 0. General - Administrative - for M. Wild
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Date: Thu, 28 Aug 2003 17:04:04 +0200


--1SQmhf2mF2YjsYvc
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On 2003-08-28 09:00:30 +0100, David Wilson wrote:
> On Wed, 2003-08-27 at 14:24, Yakov Shafranovich wrote:
> > This message is intended for M Wild ("Mike"):
> >=20
> > I have been trying to send an email reply to you but unfortunately it i=
s=20
> > not going through due to the following error:
> >=20
> > 450 Client host rejected: cannot find your hostname, [xx.xx.xx.xx]
> >=20
> > I do not have an rDNS address and use the IP address in the HELO comman=
d=20
> > for SMTP. Apparently your server is not accepting that. Please let me k=
now=20
> > an alternative way to contact you.
>=20
> RFC 2822 specifically allows domain literals in the EHLO/HELO command.
>=20
> RFC 1123 Section 5.2.5 specific forbids refusing messages if the domain
> name in HELO (predating SMTP extensions, there is no mention of EHLO)
> "fails verification".

RFC 1123 was written well before spam was considered a problem. RFC 2821
also explicitely forbids examination of the mail headers for other
purposes than adding a Received line, but lots of people reject messages
based on the content.=20

I think that the receiver doesn't have any obligation to accept mails
(except to "postmaster") and can reject messages on any criteria the
user deems reasonable.=20

> There was general discussion some years ago about the issue of:
>=20
> - accepting SMTP connections when there is no rDNS for the calling IP
> address.
>=20
> - accepting SMTP connections if the rDNS hostname does not have an A
> record which contains the calling IP address.
>=20
> At that stage there were enough legitimate sites which fail either of
> these tests to make rejection on these grounds unacceptable for a
> reasonable service.

Still, I don't think there are many legitimate sites which don't have an
A record.  Requiring the sender to send a FQDN which resolves to the
sender's IP address doesn't seem unreasonable to me (even for dynamic
IP-Addresses, you can use dyndns.net or a similar service).  In fact,
looking at my log files this seems to be a very good indicator of
legitimate mail servers (I checked several weeks of logs some time ago
and only found one legimitate server which identified itself with an
unresolvable name (I think the box is NATted). I am planning to
implement this test, but I didn't get around to it yet.=20

	hp


--=20
   _  | Peter J. Holzer    | Humor ohne Emoticons ist trockener Humor.
|_|_) | Sysadmin WSR       |=20
| |   | hjp@hjp.at         |	-- Toni Grass in aip
__/   | http://www.hjp.at/ |

--1SQmhf2mF2YjsYvc
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From: "Eric Dean" <eric@purespeed.com>
To: "'david nicol'" <whatever@davidnicol.com>
Cc: "'Deven T. Corzine'" <deven@ties.org>,
        "'Yakov Shafranovich'" <research@solidmatrix.com>,
        "'Andrew Akehurst'" <A.D.Akehurst-99@student.lboro.ac.uk>,
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Subject: RE: [Asrg] 6. Proposals - Challenge/response - CRI
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Date: Thu, 28 Aug 2003 15:48:39 -0400
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I guess what I would like is for a variety of authentication methods be
considered and determine if additional functionality is required within
CRI to accommodate.  I'm not endorsing a particular method, but would
like someone to possible show a scenario or two where one or more might
be used and determine if we require modifications.

> -----Original Message-----
> From: asrg-admin@ietf.org [mailto:asrg-admin@ietf.org] On Behalf Of
david
> nicol
> Sent: Wednesday, August 27, 2003 8:51 PM
> To: Eric Dean
> Cc: 'Deven T. Corzine'; 'Yakov Shafranovich'; 'Andrew Akehurst';
> asrg@ietf.org
> Subject: RE: [Asrg] 6. Proposals - Challenge/response - CRI
> 
> In the terms of my quoted message, listing a method or methods in the
> protocol would constitute approval.
> 
> Don't want to get bogged down in the morass of "violent agreement."
> 
> Cheers
> 
> 
> On Thu, 2003-08-21 at 09:54, Eric Dean wrote:
> > I'm not sure that we have to approve anything...we just have to have
a
> > protocol provide capabilities for interoperability..we don't have to
> > select a method..but rather design a protocol that will accommodate.
> 
> 
> > > I imagine one would hash all the MIME parts together.  Or do
whatever
> > > GPG does with a MIME message.  This but has been solved, there is
only
> > > to select an approach and approve it.
> 
> --
> David Nicol / If at first you don't succeed, use a bigger hammer.
>                                         http://gallaghersmash.com
> 
> 
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg



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References: <6.0.0.14.0.20030827092423.02730f58@solidmatrix.com> <1062057632.15835.695.camel@delta.isode.net>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 0. General - Administrative - for M. Wild
Organization: Santronics Software, Inc
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David,

We found rDNS checking on HELO/EHLO to be unreliable due to
mis-configuration of smtp servers, in particular those systems who prepare a
send-only or routing server,  which from my last reading of the RFC (a few
years back), need to be prepare as sub-domains.   Because they are not, it
is not possible to do reliable checking.

Recently, we added logic to check for the bracket DOT format,  i.e,.
HELO/EHLO [X.X.X.X]

We found those servers using this format to be spammer servers and they are
using it incorrectly, providing the literal IP without the brackets, i..e,
HELO/EHLO X.X.X.X

So we reject the HELO/ELHO state when

a) The literal IP does not have brackets, or
b) The provided bracket IP does not match the connecting peer IP.

We have rejected on average about 125 per day using this scheme.

Incidentally, before this logic was added,  the average about 80 attempts
per day.  Hence, the rejection is causing some senders to try again more
often.  We are sending a 5XX response code (permanent error, don't try
again) but some are ignoring it of course. :-)

----

Hector Santos
WINSERVER "Wildcat! Interactive Net Server"
http://www.santronics.com



----- Original Message ----- 
From: "David Wilson" <David.Wilson@isode.com>
To: "Yakov Shafranovich" <research@solidmatrix.com>
Cc: <asrg@ietf.org>
Sent: Thursday, August 28, 2003 4:00 AM
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 0. General - Administrative - for M. Wild


> On Wed, 2003-08-27 at 14:24, Yakov Shafranovich wrote:
> > This message is intended for M Wild ("Mike"):
> >
> > I have been trying to send an email reply to you but unfortunately it is
> > not going through due to the following error:
> >
> > 450 Client host rejected: cannot find your hostname, [xx.xx.xx.xx]
> >
> > I do not have an rDNS address and use the IP address in the HELO command
> > for SMTP. Apparently your server is not accepting that. Please let me
know
> > an alternative way to contact you.
>
> RFC 2822 specifically allows domain literals in the EHLO/HELO command.
>
> RFC 1123 Section 5.2.5 specific forbids refusing messages if the domain
> name in HELO (predating SMTP extensions, there is no mention of EHLO)
> "fails verification".
>
> There was general discussion some years ago about the issue of:
>
> - accepting SMTP connections when there is no rDNS for the calling IP
> address.
>
> - accepting SMTP connections if the rDNS hostname does not have an A
> record which contains the calling IP address.
>
> At that stage there were enough legitimate sites which fail either of
> these tests to make rejection on these grounds unacceptable for a
> reasonable service.
>
> So, in my opinion M Wild's MTA is not acting reasonably.
>
> cheers
>
> David Wilson                             David.Wilson@isode.com
> Isode Limited                            Tel: +44 (0) 20 8783 2961
> http://www.isode.com
>
>
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg
>
>



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From: "John Fenley" <pontifier@hotmail.com>
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] 4. Consent Framework  - General
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From: "Andrew Akehurst" <A.D.Akehurst-99@student.lboro.ac.uk>
>Quoting John Fenley <pontifier@hotmail.com>:
>
> > It seems to me that no matter what language the consent famework
> > is writen in, the limiting factor is still the tests that can be
> > performed. It does no good to have even a perfect consent > defenition 
>if the tests that must be perfomed are not possible.
>
>We're obviously limited by the bounds of conventional computation.
>
>If AI technology were good enough I could scan my brain, create a
>clone of my mental model for deciding whether e-mail is acceptable
>and run that model against incoming messages.
>
>Utterly impractical of course (although Greg Egan gave a nice
>fictional description of such a process in "Permutation City").
>
>However there are plenty of tests that are readily computable and
>the power of such a framework lies in the ability to logically combine 
>tests and to enforce policy decisions at multiple points
>in the network.


I agree that there are many tests that could be used without Choicelist, but 
those tests are mostly "natural tests" such as content analysis and the use 
of existing systems to clasify mail. I find that these tests are 
insufficient to define the types of consent i feel that people would want to 
define. ie...friends of friends, or personal vs commercial.


> > I have created a consent framework that i feel is simple, complete,
> > and relies on tests that i know would be possible with the > choicelist 
>system I have been working on.
>
>Re-reading your PDF at:
>   http://www.ftc.gov/bcp/workshops/spam/Supplements/fenley.pdf
>
>... I see Choicelist as being an implementation of a specific consent 
>system. (I don't mean that as a criticism of its generality,
>just an observation)
>
>The principle behind it is not inconsistent with the ASRG's
>definition of a generic consent framework:
>
>    http://www.solidmatrix.com/research/asrg/asrg-consent-framework.html
>
>In that context, the Choicelist consent policy rules specify:
>
>  - accept mail from Choicelist senders where the user    has opted in
>
>  - reject mail from Choicelist senders where the user has
>    not opted in
>
>  - filter all other messages using some other spam-filtering
>    tools/techniques
>
>Have I interpreted this correctly?


Yes you have. At the time I wrote that, I believed that seperating 
commercial mail would be suficient to solve most problems with spam. I have 
since changed my view, and now see it as vital that personal mail be 
separated and protected.

I have incorporated many of the views put forth on this list over the last 4 
months into an updated system. as you can imagine it has evolved quite a 
bit. I do not at this time have a single comprehensive overview of the 
current system available on the web though i am working on one.


>
>The "Choicelist Database Query Protocol" you refer to at:
>   http://www.choicelist.com/Personal.html
>
>... would be a kind of consent protocol as defined in section 2.5
>of the ASRG framework.
>
>Choicelist could be one of the implementation options available
>in a standard framework, or else could become part of the
>standard. If it is as powerful as you suggest then perhaps the
>work on XML-CPDL ought to define standard test(s) for checking the
>Choicelist status of a sender.


The database query protocol is mostly a way to speed requests by 
communicating behaviors to the requesting MUA. the protocol would 
automatically refer requesting MUAs to open public mirrors to distribute the 
load. it would also allow a "shimmering mirror" connection between mirror 
servers allowing the list of canceled Ids to propagate almost instantly 
across all servers. all this would happen seamlessly because of the nature 
of the protocol.

I am currently working on creating a working system. in it's most current 
incarnation there realy only need to be 4 types of tests, and these will be 
keyed lookups in a database. In this sense the "tests" have already been 
done and all that is required is a lookup of the test results.

an email address returns a choicelist Id number.
a choicelist Id number returns all info related to that Id... addresses, 
authentication info, etc.
a quick lookup returns a list of all recently canceled Id numbers (since the 
last overall update)
a 3rd party list number returns a list of email addresses.

I realy need to update my stuff and make it more readable... that page is 
something i meant to update a while ago.

> > The attached file would be read as is by a Choicelist MUA.
>
>Thanks, it's worth a read. There's definitely an elegant simplicity
>about the way it looks.
>
>First impressions/comments...
>   - can you clarify the syntax of the "list" command? In the example
>     "list=324bn28v[a][school],3jbnj8bc[a][chemistry class],"
>
>     Is it that "324bn28v" and "3jbnj8bc" are choicelist IDs,
>     that "a" is short for "allow" and the other section is a     comment 
>or description?


Yeah, the random strings are just a representation of choicelist Ids, and 
"a" is short for "allow". the next bracketed field would be the destination 
directory for emails from that group.

I am hoping that groups like this would be constructed by schools and 
teachers to facilitate communication between students, or by companies to 
ensure that company mail is always whitelisted and separated.


>   - in your whitelist/blacklist command entries you specify some
>     IP addresses to match against. Which IP address are you     intending 
>to match? And how would a Choicelist system
>     deal with DHCP or NAT configurations, in which IP addresses
>     are either unstable or not those of the machine you expect?


Ip address compatability here would work the same way that Ip based lists 
are used currently... actually I don't realy know but i wanted to allow the 
option for those who would choose to use it. I personally see little use for 
these as the number of entries in the database increases.


>   - consider using ISO 8601 formats on dates. YYYY-MM-DD is less
>     ambiguous in an international context than MM/DD/YYYY.


I didn't know there was a standard...I will change to this standard format 
for dates, as well as investigate standard formats in the future.


>Thanks
>
>Andrew

Thank You.
John Fenley

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To: A.D.Akehurst-99@student.lboro.ac.uk, asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 4. Consent Framework  - General
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Date: Thu, 28 Aug 2003 20:08:11 -0600

>The "Choicelist Database Query Protocol" you refer to at:
>   http://www.choicelist.com/Personal.html
>
>... would be a kind of consent protocol as defined in section 2.5
>of the ASRG framework.
>
>Choicelist could be one of the implementation options available
>in a standard framework, or else could become part of the
>standard. If it is as powerful as you suggest then perhaps the
>work on XML-CPDL ought to define standard test(s) for checking the
>Choicelist status of a sender.

I didn't actually catch the big picture the first time i read this.
I agree, the lookups in the Choicelist database could be used by anyone. 
They could even be incorporated into other systems. I just want to see a 
system that works whether it's mine or not.

I should have a box up in the next few weeks serving rudimentary data.
When I get it going i'll describe the simple non miroring protocol in 
detail.
hopefully I'll have a simple web interface going as well.


John Fenley

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Subject: 7. BCP - Mail Administrators (was Re: [Asrg] 0. General -
  Administrative - for M. Wild)
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Date: Thu, 28 Aug 2003 17:30:32 -0400

[This is relevant to the BCP area, subject has been changed.]

At 11:04 AM 8/28/2003, Peter J. Holzer wrote:
>On 2003-08-28 09:00:30 +0100, David Wilson wrote:
> > On Wed, 2003-08-27 at 14:24, Yakov Shafranovich wrote:
> > > This message is intended for M Wild ("Mike"):
> > >
> > > I have been trying to send an email reply to you but unfortunately it is
> > > not going through due to the following error:
> > >
> > > 450 Client host rejected: cannot find your hostname, [xx.xx.xx.xx]
> > >
> > > I do not have an rDNS address and use the IP address in the HELO command
> > > for SMTP. Apparently your server is not accepting that. Please let me 
> know
> > > an alternative way to contact you.
> >
> > RFC 2822 specifically allows domain literals in the EHLO/HELO command.
> >
> > RFC 1123 Section 5.2.5 specific forbids refusing messages if the domain
> > name in HELO (predating SMTP extensions, there is no mention of EHLO)
> > "fails verification".
>
>RFC 1123 was written well before spam was considered a problem. RFC 2821
>also explicitely forbids examination of the mail headers for other
>purposes than adding a Received line, but lots of people reject messages
>based on the content.
>
>I think that the receiver doesn't have any obligation to accept mails
>(except to "postmaster") and can reject messages on any criteria the
>user deems reasonable.
>
> > There was general discussion some years ago about the issue of:
> >
> > - accepting SMTP connections when there is no rDNS for the calling IP
> > address.
> >
> > - accepting SMTP connections if the rDNS hostname does not have an A
> > record which contains the calling IP address.
> >
> > At that stage there were enough legitimate sites which fail either of
> > these tests to make rejection on these grounds unacceptable for a
> > reasonable service.
>
>Still, I don't think there are many legitimate sites which don't have an
>A record.  Requiring the sender to send a FQDN which resolves to the
>sender's IP address doesn't seem unreasonable to me (even for dynamic
>IP-Addresses, you can use dyndns.net or a similar service).  In fact,
>looking at my log files this seems to be a very good indicator of
>legitimate mail servers (I checked several weeks of logs some time ago
>and only found one legimitate server which identified itself with an
>unresolvable name (I think the box is NATted). I am planning to
>implement this test, but I didn't get around to it yet.


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Date: Thu, 28 Aug 2003 17:30:50 -0400

Just to follow up on the previous post regarding the shutdown of OsiruSoft, 
the Boston Globe is reporting 
(http://www.boston.com/news/nation/articles/2003/08/28/saboteurs_hit_spams_blockers/) 
that a distributed DDOS attack that targeted OsiruSoft and SPEWS, is 
targeting many other black-lists as well.

Yakov 


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To: Brad Knowles <brad.knowles@skynet.be>,
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From: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>
Subject: 7. Best Current Practices (was Re: [Asrg] 0. General -
  Administrative - for M. Wild)
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Date: Thu, 28 Aug 2003 20:25:43 -0400

At 04:29 PM 8/28/2003, Brad Knowles wrote:
>At 10:54 AM -0400 2003/08/28, Richard Rognlie wrote:
>
>>  And according to RFC2821, putting an IP as the HELO *IS* valid.
>>  it is supposed to be an FQDN or an IP (in those cases where a machine
>>  has no name [e.g. a dynamic dialup IP])  However, I don't accept
>>  mail from HELO ip.ad.re.ss unless it's a LOCAL IP.
>
>         Since RFC2821 explicitly prohibits you from checking the domain 
> literal claimed in EHLO/HELO and rejecting the message if the reverse DNS 
> doesn't match that domain, then I submit that your tests are at least 
> violating the spirit of RFC2821 in a similar manner.
>
>         But this is something that needs to be put in an updated BCP.  We 
> should probably also talk to the appropriate IETF group about an 
> update/clarification of RFC2821 to be more explicit on these issues.

If you need to get in touch with the IETF, please let Paul or me know so we 
can push it on to the IETF through the regular channels.

Yakov  


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To: "Peter J. Holzer" <hjp-asrg@hjp.at>, asrg@ietf.org
From: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>
Subject: 7. BCP - Mail Administrators (was Re: [Asrg] 0. General -
  Administrative - for M. Wild)
In-Reply-To: <20030828150404.GC16712@teal.hjp.at>
References: <1062057632.15835.695.camel@delta.isode.net>
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Date: Thu, 28 Aug 2003 17:30:32 -0400

[This is relevant to the BCP area, subject has been changed.]

At 11:04 AM 8/28/2003, Peter J. Holzer wrote:
>On 2003-08-28 09:00:30 +0100, David Wilson wrote:
> > On Wed, 2003-08-27 at 14:24, Yakov Shafranovich wrote:
> > > This message is intended for M Wild ("Mike"):
> > >
> > > I have been trying to send an email reply to you but unfortunately it is
> > > not going through due to the following error:
> > >
> > > 450 Client host rejected: cannot find your hostname, [xx.xx.xx.xx]
> > >
> > > I do not have an rDNS address and use the IP address in the HELO command
> > > for SMTP. Apparently your server is not accepting that. Please let me 
> know
> > > an alternative way to contact you.
> >
> > RFC 2822 specifically allows domain literals in the EHLO/HELO command.
> >
> > RFC 1123 Section 5.2.5 specific forbids refusing messages if the domain
> > name in HELO (predating SMTP extensions, there is no mention of EHLO)
> > "fails verification".
>
>RFC 1123 was written well before spam was considered a problem. RFC 2821
>also explicitely forbids examination of the mail headers for other
>purposes than adding a Received line, but lots of people reject messages
>based on the content.
>
>I think that the receiver doesn't have any obligation to accept mails
>(except to "postmaster") and can reject messages on any criteria the
>user deems reasonable.
>
> > There was general discussion some years ago about the issue of:
> >
> > - accepting SMTP connections when there is no rDNS for the calling IP
> > address.
> >
> > - accepting SMTP connections if the rDNS hostname does not have an A
> > record which contains the calling IP address.
> >
> > At that stage there were enough legitimate sites which fail either of
> > these tests to make rejection on these grounds unacceptable for a
> > reasonable service.
>
>Still, I don't think there are many legitimate sites which don't have an
>A record.  Requiring the sender to send a FQDN which resolves to the
>sender's IP address doesn't seem unreasonable to me (even for dynamic
>IP-Addresses, you can use dyndns.net or a similar service).  In fact,
>looking at my log files this seems to be a very good indicator of
>legitimate mail servers (I checked several weeks of logs some time ago
>and only found one legimitate server which identified itself with an
>unresolvable name (I think the box is NATted). I am planning to
>implement this test, but I didn't get around to it yet.


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From: Richard Rognlie <rrognlie@gamerz.net>
To: Hector Santos <winserver.support@winserver.com>,
        Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>, brad.knowles@skynet.be
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] 0. General - Administrative - for M. Wild
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Date: Thu, 28 Aug 2003 21:35:43 -0400


On Thu, Aug 28, 2003 at 03:34:05PM -0400, Hector Santos wrote:
> We found rDNS checking on HELO/EHLO to be unreliable due to
> mis-configuration of smtp servers, in particular those systems who prepare a
> send-only or routing server,  which from my last reading of the RFC (a few
> years back), need to be prepare as sub-domains.   Because they are not, it
> is not possible to do reliable checking.
> 
> Recently, we added logic to check for the bracket DOT format,  i.e,.
> HELO/EHLO [X.X.X.X]
> 
> We found those servers using this format to be spammer servers and they are
> using it incorrectly, providing the literal IP without the brackets, i..e,
> HELO/EHLO X.X.X.X
> 
> So we reject the HELO/ELHO state when
> 
> a) The literal IP does not have brackets, or
> b) The provided bracket IP does not match the connecting peer IP.
> 
> We have rejected on average about 125 per day using this scheme.
> 
> Incidentally, before this logic was added,  the average about 80 attempts
> per day.  Hence, the rejection is causing some senders to try again more
> often.  We are sending a 5XX response code (permanent error, don't try
> again) but some are ignoring it of course. :-)

Based on the logs I'm maintaining as part of my DRIP Milter development,
I see ~20% of all HELO/EHLO requests are either...

a.  an IP.  But worse... it's *MY* IP. not theirs.
b.  An unqualified "hostname"  (e.g.  BIZ3)

I am preparing to add an option to the DRIP milter which will treat
either of those cases (IP (with or without []s) that does not match
the connecting IP) and unqualified hostname as invalid DRIP records
(vs. unknown DRIP host as the probably do now)

I'm curious about Brad's contention below...

        Since RFC2821 explicitly prohibits you from checking the domain  
        literal claimed in EHLO/HELO and rejecting the message if the reverse
        DNS doesn't match that domain, then I submit that your tests are at
        least violating the spirit of RFC2821 in a similar manner.


Section 3.2 states

    In the EHLO command the host sending the command identifies itself;
    the command may be interpreted as saying "Hello, I am <domain>" (and,
    in the case of EHLO, "and I support service extension requests").

Section 3.6 states

    The domain name given in the EHLO command MUST BE either a primary
    host name (a domain name that resolves to an A RR) or, if the host
    has no name, an address literal as described in section 4.1.1.1.
            
Section 4.1.1.1 states

    The argument field contains the fully-qualified domain name of
    the SMTP client if one is available.  In situations in which the
    SMTP client system does not have a meaningful domain name (e.g.,
    when its address is dynamically allocated and no reverse mapping
    record is available), the client SHOULD send an address literal
    (see section 4.1.3), optionally followed by information that will
    help to identify the client system.


Section 4.1.4

    An SMTP server MAY verify that the domain name parameter in the
    EHLO command actually corresponds to the IP address of the client.
    However, the server MUST NOT refuse to accept a message for this
    reason if the verification fails: the information about verification
    failure is for logging and tracing only.

It says we can't use the IP as a basis for rejection.  I'm wondering 
why not...?   Yes, if only an IP is presented, I can envision that it
was presented by a machine behind a NAT... so it presents 192.168.x.y
but the connecting IP is God knows what...   But do I want to accept
that mail?

And certainly... if a machine presents *MY* IP addr as the connecting
info... but the connecting IP does not have anything to do with my
network... Bzzzzt!  Next player!

or when they say "EHLO gamerz.net"  but again are NOT on my network.
Bzzzzt!

The DRIP logs have been very interesting in that regard.  I'll post 
them to ftp://ftp.gamez.net/pub/dripmilter.log shortly.

Richard

-- 
 /  \__  | Richard Rognlie / Oracle Prophet / Gamerz.NET Lackey
 \__/  \ | http://www.gamerz.net/rrognlie/    <rrognlie@gamerz.net>
 /  \__/ | I can only please 1 person per day.  Today is not your day.
 \__/    | Tomorrow doesn't look good either.


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Comments: In reply to "John Fenley" <pontifier@hotmail.com>
        "Re: [Asrg] 4. Consent Framework  - General" (Aug 28, 12:09pm)
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Date: Fri, 29 Aug 2003 03:55:10 +0000

How would Choicelist or a similar scheme handle mailing lists that use
VERPs?  Specifically those where the VERP token is regenerated at every
list delivery and hence differs even for the same recipient?  (I believe
Yahoo! Groups has this behavior, for example, though I haven't checked
recently.)

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From: "Hector Santos" <winserver.support@winserver.com>
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References: <6.0.0.14.0.20030828173049.02715958@solidmatrix.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 6. Proposals - DNSRBLs
Organization: Santronics Software, Inc
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I hope the FBI is on the case.   This is the worst 2-3 weeks I have ever
seen!   We are not a "RBL" but our software has it been in and we have over
60,000 customers world wide!  We are getting hit hard and many customers are
reporting the same!    I just installed a honeypot to begin complete data
collection.  It is REALLY BAD out there!

With that said, I personally always view the RBL to be a double-edge sword.
While it help stop spammers, at the same time, the database was an open
source for spammers to easily find open relays and proxies.  In other words,
if I wanted to become a spammer tomorrow, all I need to do is get the RBL
database (which is downloadable at some sites) and easily find thousands of
relays/proxies with little or no effort on my part.

I have discussed this some of the spews people.  We agreed that is an
problem, however, the hope is that as more and more systems begin to use
RBL, then the spammers having the database isn't so much a problem.

I agree with that idea and quite possibly with the recent news more of the
"big boys" including Microsoft, AOL, YAHOO, etc to begin using RBL systems,
the spammers felt it was time to go on the offensive by attacking the sites
NOW.   They have tried to stop them legally and that has failed.

--
Hector Santos
WINSERVER "Wildcat! Interactive Net Server"
http://www.winserver.com

----- Original Message ----- 
From: "Yakov Shafranovich" <research@solidmatrix.com>
To: <asrg@ietf.org>
Sent: Thursday, August 28, 2003 5:30 PM
Subject: [Asrg] 6. Proposals - DNSRBLs


> Just to follow up on the previous post regarding the shutdown of
OsiruSoft,
> the Boston Globe is reporting
>
(http://www.boston.com/news/nation/articles/2003/08/28/saboteurs_hit_spams_b
lockers/)
> that a distributed DDOS attack that targeted OsiruSoft and SPEWS, is
> targeting many other black-lists as well.
>
> Yakov
>
>
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg
>



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Subject: Re: 7. BCP - Default Settings (was Re: [Asrg] 0. - General - Consent and SoBig)
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Date: Fri, 29 Aug 2003 01:41:37 -0400

On Tue, Aug 26, 2003 at 11:25:32PM -0400, Yakov Shafranovich wrote

> Ok, for starters:
> 1. We need to evaluate which areas require BCPs. In the research agenda 
> (http://www.irtf.org/asrg/asrg_research_agenda.htm) three items are listed:
> 7.a. End-users
> 7.b. Mail administrators.
> 7.c. Mass Mailers

  7.d. Authors/publishers of MUAs, MTAs, etc.
       It would've been nice if Netscape and Microsoft never made HTML
       email the default.  AOL is another bad example.  I don't know if
       it's even possible to send plain-text email with their mailer.


> At least one additional one is required for DNSRBLs which Chris
> Lewis is working on.

  I'm willing to volunteer for that.  I'm a heavy user of DNSbls for
protecting my inbox, so I've run into the good and bad points head on.
Should I contact him directly ?

-- 
Walter Dnes <waltdnes@waltdnes.org>
Email users are divided into two classes;
1) Those who have effective spam-blocking
2) Those who wish they did

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Date: Fri, 29 Aug 2003 02:09:18 -0700

At 09:35 PM 8/28/03 -0400, Richard Rognlie wrote:
>
>On Thu, Aug 28, 2003 at 03:34:05PM -0400, Hector Santos wrote:
>> We found rDNS checking on HELO/EHLO to be unreliable due to
>> mis-configuration of smtp servers, in particular those systems who prepare a
>> send-only or routing server,  which from my last reading of the RFC (a few
>> years back), need to be prepare as sub-domains.   Because they are not, it
>> is not possible to do reliable checking.
>> 
>> Recently, we added logic to check for the bracket DOT format,  i.e,.
>> HELO/EHLO [X.X.X.X]
>> 
>> We found those servers using this format to be spammer servers and they are
>> using it incorrectly, providing the literal IP without the brackets, i..e,
>> HELO/EHLO X.X.X.X
>> 
>> So we reject the HELO/ELHO state when
>> 
>> a) The literal IP does not have brackets, or
>> b) The provided bracket IP does not match the connecting peer IP.
>> 
>> We have rejected on average about 125 per day using this scheme.
>> 
>> Incidentally, before this logic was added,  the average about 80 attempts
>> per day.  Hence, the rejection is causing some senders to try again more
>> often.  We are sending a 5XX response code (permanent error, don't try
>> again) but some are ignoring it of course. :-)
>
>Based on the logs I'm maintaining as part of my DRIP Milter development,
>I see ~20% of all HELO/EHLO requests are either...
>
>a.  an IP.  But worse... it's *MY* IP. not theirs.
>b.  An unqualified "hostname"  (e.g.  BIZ3)
>
>I am preparing to add an option to the DRIP milter which will treat
>either of those cases (IP (with or without []s) that does not match
>the connecting IP) and unqualified hostname as invalid DRIP records
>(vs. unknown DRIP host as the probably do now)
>
>I'm curious about Brad's contention below...
>
>        Since RFC2821 explicitly prohibits you from checking the domain  
>        literal claimed in EHLO/HELO and rejecting the message if the reverse
>        DNS doesn't match that domain, then I submit that your tests are at
>        least violating the spirit of RFC2821 in a similar manner.
>
>
>Section 3.2 states
>
>    In the EHLO command the host sending the command identifies itself;
>    the command may be interpreted as saying "Hello, I am <domain>" (and,
>    in the case of EHLO, "and I support service extension requests").
>
>Section 3.6 states
>
>    The domain name given in the EHLO command MUST BE either a primary
>    host name (a domain name that resolves to an A RR) or, if the host
>    has no name, an address literal as described in section 4.1.1.1.
>            
>Section 4.1.1.1 states
>
>    The argument field contains the fully-qualified domain name of
>    the SMTP client if one is available.  In situations in which the
>    SMTP client system does not have a meaningful domain name (e.g.,
>    when its address is dynamically allocated and no reverse mapping
>    record is available), the client SHOULD send an address literal
>    (see section 4.1.3), optionally followed by information that will
>    help to identify the client system.
>
>
>Section 4.1.4
>
>    An SMTP server MAY verify that the domain name parameter in the
>    EHLO command actually corresponds to the IP address of the client.
>    However, the server MUST NOT refuse to accept a message for this
>    reason if the verification fails: the information about verification
>    failure is for logging and tracing only.
>
>It says we can't use the IP as a basis for rejection.  I'm wondering 
>why not...?   Yes, if only an IP is presented, I can envision that it
>was presented by a machine behind a NAT... so it presents 192.168.x.y
>but the connecting IP is God knows what...   But do I want to accept
>that mail?
>
>And certainly... if a machine presents *MY* IP addr as the connecting
>info... but the connecting IP does not have anything to do with my
>network... Bzzzzt!  Next player!
>
>or when they say "EHLO gamerz.net"  but again are NOT on my network.
>Bzzzzt!
>

I think the point of 4.1.4 is that you can't expect the HELO to
resolve to the ip that's connecting to you.  (In some cases,
it's not even possible to pick a HELO that works.  A machine that
hosts 70 domains on a single IP for example.)
However, a lot of machines out there don't use even remotely "correct" 
HELO arguments.  For example, a lot of machines use unqualified 
host names ("bob" instead of "bob.example.com").
If you block because the HELO is not a FQDN, you're going to
block a fair amount of legitimate mail.


However, your IP address is very different.  That can't reasonably
be the result of stupidity - it's almost certainly done on purpose.
Likewise your domain can't reasonably be acidentally chosen as a
HELO argument either.  
You might be able to add other domains to the list, like yahoo.com,
but that's a little dangerous unless you can be very sure of
/all/ the IPs that are assigned to yahoo.com.


In the long run, blocking based on these things is self limiting.  
Once enough people do it, spammers will stop.  
You'll catch a small amount of spam, and a small amount legitimate
mail, then everybody fixes the bugs and you're right back where you
were before.

Scott Nelson <scott@spamwolf.com>

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Subject: Re: [Asrg] 4. Consent Framework  - General
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Date: Fri, 29 Aug 2003 01:26:21 -0400

On Tue, Aug 26, 2003 at 07:24:19PM -0600, John Fenley wrote
> It seems to me that no matter what language the consent famework is writen 
> in, the limiting factor is still the tests that can be performed. It does 
> no good to have even a perfect consent defenition if the tests that must be 
> perfomed are not possible.

  Let's assume that we're not going to scrap SMTP or massively modify
it.  This leaves us with the following available tests...

  1) before the connection; ISP-wide firewalling/null-routing of an
     address or address range.  This would be based on local lists.

  2) after the connection, but before the body is sent, we have the
     following info delivered by the sending MTA
     - HELO (or EHLO) (What the sending machine calls itself)
     - MAIL FROM:     (Who the mail is allegedley from)
     - RCPT:          (Who the mail is addressed to)
     - from the sending IP address, we can obtain hostname, rDNS, and
       whether or not it's in a particular DNSbl

  3) the DATA: stage provides the body *AND THE HEADERS*, at which point
     we can apply header and body filters.  A common misconception I've
     seen is that "Received:", "Subject:", "From:", "To:", and all the
     "X-" headers are somehow separate from the body of the message.
     MUAs display them that way, but in reality, they are sent in the
     DATA section along with "the message body".

  Now let's look at how this is implemented in real life...

  1) An example would be in the web article at...
     http://www.wired.com/news/politics/0,1283,50455,00.html

> Blocking the spam-sending ISPs hasn't alleviated all of the
> problems. Refusing massive amounts of attempted connections also
> puts a strain on servers, in some cases bogging the system down in
> much the same way as a sustained denial-of-service attack.
>
> "British ISP UXN found that simply blocking China Telecom wasn't
> enough because UXN's mail servers still had to deal with hundreds of
> connection requests per minute from Chinese mail servers," Linford
> said. "UXN had to actually firewall China Telecom's IP range from
> connecting to UXN's mail servers to stop the mass of connections
> from clogging UXN's mail service."

  2) Most MTAs will reject email allegedly from a domain that doesn't
     resolve.  There are a couple of good reasons...
     - non-existant/forged sending domain is a strong spamsign
     - the MTA will not be able to send back a bounce message (DSN) to
       the non-existant domain
     Note that if we want the filtering to be user configurable, then it
     *MUST* be done *AFTER* "RCPT:".  That's when we find out who it's
     actually addressed to.

  3) Here's where all the body filters (bayesian, etc) do their thing.
     This includes "Habeas Haiku", etc.

> I have created a consent framework that i feel is simple, complete,
> and relies on tests that i know would be possible with the choicelist
> system I have been working on.
> 
> The attached file would be read as is by a Choicelist MUA.

  Your example has some eerie similarities to the system that clss.net
has been using for a while.  Just after the RCPT: stage (when the MTA
finds out who the email is addressed to) their modified Qmail parses a
user-modifiable config file in the user's home directory.  If an email
is rejected, the sending MTA gets a 550 reject message, *NOT* a bounce.
Here's mine file, with minor editing-out (I realize this mailing list is
public record).  I've omitted some of my correspondents and masked the
pointer to my filter-bypass page.  Note that the following is a *REAL
LIFE EXAMPLE IN USE TODAY*

#!/var/qmail/bin/dnsblfilter -f
(This tells the MTA that the following are commands for the filter.  By
way of explanation...
SIACCEPT - accept if MAIL FROM: is the listed email address
SIREJECT - reject if MAIL FROM: is the listed email address
SIACCEPTTAIL - accept if MAIL FROM: ends with the following string
SIREJECTTAIL - reject if MAIL FROM: ends with the following string
PIACCEPT - accept if rDNS is the listed string
PIREJECT - reject if rDNS is the listed string
PIACCEPTTAIL - accept if rDNS ends with the following string
PIREJECTTAIL - reject if rDNS ends with the following string
IACCEPT - accept if IP address is in a given range
IREJECT - reject if IP address is in a given range
ACCEPT - accept if IP address is in a given DNSbl
REJECT - reject if IP address is in a given DNSbl

Note: Rejct commands can be followed by
  - %TXT%, which passes a text string direct from a DNSbl
  - a comment field.  I use this to tell people where to look for a
    temporary unfiltered email address to get in contact with me.
    Spammers tend not to read their logs, and trojaned home machines
    don't keep logs)

SIACCEPTTAIL ietf.org
PIACCEPTTAIL ietf.org
(I don't want to bounce email from this list <g>)


PIACCEPTTAIL grp.scd.yahoo.com
(I'm on a yahoo groups mailing list)


PIREJECTTAIL web80601.mail.yahoo.com
(Used by 419 scammers)


PIREJECTTAIL nj.comcast.net
(One machine on this net was pounding the planet, including me, with
Sobig.F emails)


PIREJECTTAIL nbcs-av.rutgers.edu Hey, #######.  Yes I'm talking to you.  Haven't you ever heard of viruses forging MAIL FROM ?
(Snarky message going to the logfile for some idiot admin who's set up
his "anti-virus filter" to tell me that my linux machine is infected
with a Windows virus... over... and over... and over).


SIREJECTTAIL hinet.net,netian.com,anfmail.com,e-gold.com,pisem.net,itsavvinner.net (Certain envelope-senders)
(Outfits that I do not want to hear from)


SIREJECTTAIL alansis1.com You are receiving this reject message because you have opted me in without my permission to receive messages about financial information through Alansis or a Alansis affiliate.
IREJECT 207.134.96.0/20 You are receiving this reject message because you have opted me in without my permission to receive messages about financial information through Alansis or a Alansis affiliate.
(Snarky reject message for a spammer.  Just to play safe I filter both
the domain name and the address range)


# 0.32 = Argentina; 0.76 = Brazil; 0.152 = Chile 0.156 = China; 0.250 = France;
# 1.88 = Hong Kong; 1.100 = India; 1.104 = Indonesia; 1.120 = Isreal;
# 1.124 Italy; 1.136 = Japan; 1.154 = Korea, South; 1.202 = Malaysia;
# 2.16 = Netherlands; 2.54 = Nigeria; 2.104 = Poland; 2.131 = Russia;
# 2.190 = Singapore; 2.212 = Spain; 0.158 = Taiwan; 3.58 = United Kingdom
REJECT zz.countries.nerd.dk A 127.0.0.32,127.0.0.76,127.0.0.152,127.0.0.156,127.0.0.250,127.0.1.88,127.0.1.100,127.0.1.104,127.0.1.120,127.0.1.124,127.0.1.136,127.0.1.154,127.0.1.202,127.0.2.16,127.0.2.54,127.0.2.104,127.0.2.131,127.0.2.190,127.0.2.212,127.0.0.158,127.0.3.58 %TXT% (zz.countries.nerd.dk) If yours was a legitimate email see http://########.html to bypass block.
(Countries from which I seem to get nothing but spam.  I do give a
pointer to my unfiltered address if the sender is legit)


REJECT rackspace.blackholes.us A 127.0.0.2 Rackspace.  If yours was a legitimate email see http://########.html to bypass block.
REJECT verio.blackholes.us A 127.0.0.2 Verio.  If yours was a legitimate email see http://########.html to bypass block.
REJECT xo.blackholes.us A 127.0.0.2 XO.  If yours was a legitimate email see http://########.html to bypass block.
REJECT cogentco.blackholes.us A 127.0.0.2 Cogentco.  If yours was a legitimate email see http://########.html to bypass block.
(Major spamhausen I do not want to hear from)


REJECT list.dsbl.org A 127.0.0.2 Email rejected on advice of list.dsbl.org.  If yours was a legitimate email see http://########.html to bypass block.
REJECT dynablock.easynet.nl A 127.0.0.2 %TXT% Email rejected on advice of dynablock.easynet.nl.  If yours was a legitimate email see http://########.html to bypass block.
REJECT sbl.spamhaus.org A 127.0.0.2 %TXT% Email rejected on advice of sbl.spamhaus.org.  If yours was a legitimate email see http://########.html to bypass block.
REJECT proxies.relays.monkeys.com A 127.0.0.2 %TXT% (proxies.relays.monkeys.com) If yours was a legitimate email see http://########.html to bypass block.
REJECT blackholes.five-ten-sg.com A 127.0.0.3 Dynamic IP address blocked on advice of blackholes.five-ten-sg.com.  If yours was a legitimate email see http://########.html to bypass block.
REJECT dun.dnsrbl.net A 127.0.0.3 Dynamic IP address blocked on advice of dun.dnsrbl.net.  If yours was a legitimate email see http://########.html to bypass block.
(Various DNSbls targetting specific portions of the spam problem)


REJECTNOHOSTNAME If yours was a legitimate email see http://########.html to bypass block.
(Inconsistent DNS/rDNS is one thing.  But if an MTA has no rDNS
whatsoever, either the admin is grossly incompetent, or else is a
spammer trying to cover his tracks)


PIREJECTTAIL groups.msn.com,zapo.net,dsl.att.net,client.attbi.com,client2.attbi.com,pisem.net,client.comcast.net,dsl.siol.net,cable.mindspring.com,coollist.com,cust.web-sat.com,dial.xnet.ro,ipt.aol.com,charter.com,dip.t-dialin.net,pureserver.de,bayarea.net,newskies.net,prodigy.net.mx,syd.iprimus.net.au,charter.net,tiscali.com,md.comcast.net,mel.aone.net.au,cable.ntl.com,mc.videotron.ca (Certain providers) If yours was a legitimate email see http://########.html to bypass block.
(rDNS associated with spam in my inbox)


IREJECT 200.0.0.0/8 No Hablo E-spam-ol. If yours was a legitimate email see http://########.html to bypass block.
(South America, mostly open proxies used by American spammers)


IREJECT 4.0.0.0/8 Genuity unwelcome here.  If yours was a legitimate email see http://########.html to bypass block.
(Never let it be said that I'm not an "equal opportunity blocker".
Here's a /8 in the USA)


SIREJECT MetaMail@bellnet.ca I did not subscribe to any toner cartridge mailing list
(See, I even reject a network from here in Canada)


# E-Dialog is permanent
IREJECT 64.28.75.176/28 No monologues from e-dialog
(Anybody who's ever been a domain contact will understand)


# Accept email from "ogw" outbound.gate.way MTAs at RR; reject direct to MX
PIACCEPTTAIL ogw.rr.com
PIREJECTTAIL rr.com
(Accept email from RoadRunner authorized MTAs, but block direct-to-MX)


PIACCEPTTAIL aol.com
SIREJECTTAIL aol.com I only accept From: @aol.com addresses if the email actually originates from a aol.com server.
(I get very little spam actually from AOL, especially after blocking
ipt.aol.com direct-to-MX.  This two-step algorithm accepts email actually
from AOL.  Any email that was not accepted by the first step is probably
a forgery.  There is a risk that it's from a real AOL user who's sending
from another ISP, but wants the reply to go to his AOL account.  I
haven't run into any false-positives yet)


PIACCEPTTAIL hotmail.com
SIREJECTTAIL hotmail.com I only accept From: @hotmail.com addresses if the email actually originates from a hotmail.com server.
PIACCEPTTAIL msn.com
SIREJECTTAIL msn.com I only accept From: @msn.com addresses if the email actually originates from a msn.com server.
PIACCEPTTAIL yahoo.com
SIREJECTTAIL yahoo.com I only accept From: @yahoo.com addresses if the email actually originates from a yahoo.com server.
(Same as the AOL rule, applied to hotmail and msn and yahoo)

-- 
Walter Dnes <waltdnes@waltdnes.org>
Email users are divided into two classes;
1) Those who have effective spam-blocking
2) Those who wish they did

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From exim@www1.ietf.org  Fri Aug 29 09:24:15 2003
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From: Esa Laitinen <esa@laitinen.org>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 6. Proposals - DNSRBLs
Message-ID: <20030829090314.GA14133@laitinen.org>
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On Fri, Aug 29, 2003 at 12:22:23AM -0400, Hector Santos wrote:

> While it help stop spammers, at the same time, the database was an open
> source for spammers to easily find open relays and proxies.  In other words,
> if I wanted to become a spammer tomorrow, all I need to do is get the RBL
> database (which is downloadable at some sites) and easily find thousands of
> relays/proxies with little or no effort on my part.

I don't think spammers have had any problems in finding abusable 
systems, be it proxies, open smtp servers or broken cgi-scripts.

And if being on a bl means more spammers use the system, well, that is 
only for the better: the system is more likely to get fixed if it gets 
overrun by spammers.

esa

-- 
PGP Fingerprint: 8C4D 4F5C 1094 5E00 D575  11B2 9412 AD93 7F78 EF7E
Public key at: http://iki.fi/laitinen/pubkey.html
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Should the group be looking at IM spam as well as email spam?

Yakov


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Subject: RE: [Asrg] 0. General - Administrative - for M. Wild
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There's a much simpler reason why rDNS is unreliable.

In order for rDNS to work, the domain owner must have a DNS relationship
with their ISP (as opposed to hosting DNS themselves). There are many,
particularly the small folk, who do not, esp. as it costs ongoing $ to
maintain such a relationship.=20

Having such a relationship is not today pragmatically necessary to
participate in the Internet, and we ought to think carefully before
giving ISPs such a win-fall and shift in power.=20

	Bob

-----Original Message-----
From: asrg-admin@ietf.org [mailto:asrg-admin@ietf.org] On Behalf Of
Hector Santos
Sent: Thursday, August 28, 2003 12:34 PM
To: Anti-Spam
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 0. General - Administrative - for M. Wild

David,

We found rDNS checking on HELO/EHLO to be unreliable due to
mis-configuration of smtp servers, in particular those systems who
prepare a
send-only or routing server,  which from my last reading of the RFC (a
few
years back), need to be prepare as sub-domains.   Because they are not,
it
is not possible to do reliable checking.

Recently, we added logic to check for the bracket DOT format,  i.e,.
HELO/EHLO [X.X.X.X]

We found those servers using this format to be spammer servers and they
are
using it incorrectly, providing the literal IP without the brackets,
i..e,
HELO/EHLO X.X.X.X

So we reject the HELO/ELHO state when

a) The literal IP does not have brackets, or
b) The provided bracket IP does not match the connecting peer IP.

We have rejected on average about 125 per day using this scheme.

Incidentally, before this logic was added,  the average about 80
attempts
per day.  Hence, the rejection is causing some senders to try again more
often.  We are sending a 5XX response code (permanent error, don't try
again) but some are ignoring it of course. :-)

----

Hector Santos
WINSERVER "Wildcat! Interactive Net Server"
http://www.santronics.com



----- Original Message -----=20
From: "David Wilson" <David.Wilson@isode.com>
To: "Yakov Shafranovich" <research@solidmatrix.com>
Cc: <asrg@ietf.org>
Sent: Thursday, August 28, 2003 4:00 AM
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 0. General - Administrative - for M. Wild


> On Wed, 2003-08-27 at 14:24, Yakov Shafranovich wrote:
> > This message is intended for M Wild ("Mike"):
> >
> > I have been trying to send an email reply to you but unfortunately
it is
> > not going through due to the following error:
> >
> > 450 Client host rejected: cannot find your hostname, [xx.xx.xx.xx]
> >
> > I do not have an rDNS address and use the IP address in the HELO
command
> > for SMTP. Apparently your server is not accepting that. Please let
me
know
> > an alternative way to contact you.
>
> RFC 2822 specifically allows domain literals in the EHLO/HELO command.
>
> RFC 1123 Section 5.2.5 specific forbids refusing messages if the
domain
> name in HELO (predating SMTP extensions, there is no mention of EHLO)
> "fails verification".
>
> There was general discussion some years ago about the issue of:
>
> - accepting SMTP connections when there is no rDNS for the calling IP
> address.
>
> - accepting SMTP connections if the rDNS hostname does not have an A
> record which contains the calling IP address.
>
> At that stage there were enough legitimate sites which fail either of
> these tests to make rejection on these grounds unacceptable for a
> reasonable service.
>
> So, in my opinion M Wild's MTA is not acting reasonably.
>
> cheers
>
> David Wilson                             David.Wilson@isode.com
> Isode Limited                            Tel: +44 (0) 20 8783 2961
> http://www.isode.com
>
>
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg
>
>



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Subject: 7. BCP - Mail Administrators: Checking HELO (was: [Asrg] 0. General - Administrative - for M. Wild)
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[changing the subject]

On 2003-08-28 23:59:29 +0200, Brad Knowles wrote:
> At 5:04 PM +0200 2003/08/28, Peter J. Holzer wrote:
>=20
> > Still, I don't think there are many legitimate sites which don't have an
> > A record.  Requiring the sender to send a FQDN which resolves to the
> > sender's IP address doesn't seem unreasonable to me (even for dynamic
> > IP-Addresses, you can use dyndns.net or a similar service).
>=20
> 	Check the recent traffic on NANOG.  Because of stupidity on the=20
> part of AOL, they've been discussing this subject intensively.  I've=20
> been tagging 75-90% of the recent messages as input for the BCP=20
> review.

I think you mean the thread "Fun new policy at AOL" starting at
http://www.cctec.com/maillists/nanog/current/threads.html#05061

This is something different. The thread started because AOL blocks
"residential" addresses, which is essentially the same as a DUL.=20

It was also mentioned in the thread that AOL blocks connections from IPs
without rDNS. (see http://postmaster.info.aol.com/standards.html for
AOL's policy).

AFAICS, checking the argument to HELO wasn't even mentioned in the
thread.

I'll try to summarize how HELO can be checked and the implications of
various methods.

1) Formal correctness.=20

    RFC 2821 specifies that the parameter must be an FQDN or an address
    literal. So you can check against regexps or a grammar.

    This will disallow unqualified host names and random garbage.=20
    Unqualified host names are often (legitimately) used by broken MUAs.=20
    I think I have also seen it from misconfigured Exchange servers.=20
    Some viruses/worms (Sobig) and some spammer software also uses unqualif=
ied
    host names - this would be blocked.

2) Check whether the parameter corresponds to the sender IP address.
    I.e., if the parameter is an FQDN, look up its A record(s) and
    compare to the sender IP, if it is an address literal, compare it to
    the sender IP.

    This would in addition catch all the software which lies about its
    own address. Examples are again MUAs (at least some use either the
    server address or the domain name of the sender) and lots of spammer
    software which sends "HELO yahoo.com" or similar.

3) Require the parameter to be an FQDN and check whether its A record
   matches the sender IP.

    This will additionally block all senders which don't have an FQDN or
    don't know it (which currently seems to be true for a lot of open
    proxies, but may change quickly).=20

4) Require the parameter to be an FQDN and check whether the PTR record
   of the sender IP matches the parameter.

    This will block all addresses for which rDNS isn't available, and
    those for which rDNS gives a different name than the "canonical"
    name of the host. This includes lots of cable/dsl customers.


RFC 2821 allows checking the HELO parameter only for logging and tracing
purposes. I think that the decision which mails to accept and which to
reject must be made by the administrator of each system (who is
responsible to his employer and/or his customers) not by some RFC.=20

I also think that rejecting mail because it fails a single test (like no
rDNS record or being listed in a single BL) is not good practice (I am
still guilty of that, because that's how sendmail handles BLs, but I am
trying to move to more robust schemes without a single point of
failure).

That said, I think that checking the HELO parameter gives valuable
results for a mail relay which recieves mail only from other servers
(MUAs are way too broken in that regard and probably won't be fixed).

I see very little legitimate mail in my log files which doesn't pass
tests 1) to 3). For the few cases which would break on 3), I would
consider it reasonable for the administrator on any legitimate server to
get an FQDN and a matching A record. This is even possible for dynamic
IP addresses via dyndns.net and similar services.=20

Test 4 OTOH cannot be passed by many people with "residential" or
"consumer" cable, dsl or dial-up lines, since providers often don't
provide rDNS mapping, or inconsistent mapping (forward and reverse
lookup don't match), and in any case the "canonical" name of the
computer isn't the unwieldy automatically generated name in the rDNS
record (e.g., my laptop (chthon.hjp.at) has IP address 62.99.236.100
when I'm at home, but the PTR for that address points to
62-99-236-100.C-VTreustrasse.Xdsl-line.inode.at.)

(and BTW, last time I looked the ASRG mailing list server wouldn't have
passed test 4 either)

So for a BCP document I would recommend:

1) Combine different tests (for example by summing scores like
   SpamAssassin does) and reject only if some threshold is exceeded.

2) Of the 4 tests I outlined, give the first 3 a high score, and the
   fourth a low to medium score.


> > looking at my log files this seems to be a very good indicator of
> > legitimate mail servers (I checked several weeks of logs some time ago
> > and only found one legimitate server which identified itself with an
> > unresolvable name (I think the box is NATted).
>=20
> 	I'm NAT'ed.  Many people on NANOG appear to be in similar=20
> situations, or have run into them frequently.

At least in the case I cited the admin knows the address of the gateway
and could easily arrange for his server to send a HELO parameter
resolving to the NATed address. He probably would if I started to block
his mail, but as long as it doesn't matter, why should he fix his
configuration?

Maybe I am overlooking something, but I cannot think of any situation
where tests 1-3 cannot be met, even for NAT and dynamic IPs.

Test 4 is different, because it requires collaboration of your ISP.
"Get a clueful ISP" is not always an option.

	hp

--=20
   _  | Peter J. Holzer    | Humor ohne Emoticons ist trockener Humor.
|_|_) | Sysadmin WSR       |=20
| |   | hjp@hjp.at         |	-- Toni Grass in aip
__/   | http://www.hjp.at/ |

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To: John Fenley <pontifier@hotmail.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 4. Consent Framework  - General
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Quoting John Fenley <pontifier@hotmail.com>:

>>> It seems to me that no matter what language the consent famework
>>> is writen in, the limiting factor is still the tests that can be
>>> performed. It does no good to have even a perfect consent >
>>> defenition if the tests that must be perfomed are not possible.

>> We're obviously limited by the bounds of conventional computation...
>> However there are plenty of tests that are readily computable and
>> the power of such a framework lies in the ability to logically 
>> combine tests and to enforce policy decisions at multiple points 
>> in the network. 

> I agree that there are many tests that could be used without
> Choicelist, but those tests are mostly "natural tests" such as 
> content analysis and the use of existing systems to clasify mail.
> I find that these tests are insufficient to define the types of
> consent i feel that people would want to define. ie...friends of
> friends, or personal vs commercial.

In that case we really should consider how to make Choicelist tests
available to anyone via the standard framework.

There could be a test to determine if the sender has the 
receiver's Choicelist consent via an opt-in. This could be used
for whitelisting messages.

There could also be a test to determine if a given sender is the
subject of a receiver's Choicelist opt-out, which could be used
for blacklisting messages.

In the light of your change of attitude (below) towards the 
commercial versus personal mail issue, maybe these will be
refined in future.

>>> I have created a consent framework that i feel is simple, 
>>> complete,and relies on tests that i know would be possible
>>> with the choicelist system I have been working on.

>> Re-reading your PDF at:
>>   http://www.ftc.gov/bcp/workshops/spam/Supplements/fenley.pdf
>>
>> ... I see Choicelist as being an implementation of a specific
>> consent system. (I don't mean that as a criticism of its 
>> generality,just an observation)

...8<...

>> Have I interpreted this correctly?
 
> Yes you have. At the time I wrote that, I believed that seperating 
> commercial mail would be suficient to solve most problems with 
> spam. I have since changed my view, and now see it as vital that
> personal mail be separated and protected.

Out of curiosity, what made you change your opinion?

> I have incorporated many of the views put forth on this list over 
> the last 4 months into an updated system. as you can imagine it 
> has evolved quite a bit. I do not at this time have a single 
> comprehensive overview of the current system available on the web 
> though i am working on one.

When you have another draft of it, please post a URL on the list.
I'm sure it will help us clarify some of the issues around the
consent framework.
 
>> The "Choicelist Database Query Protocol" you refer to at:
>>   http://www.choicelist.com/Personal.html
>>
>> ... would be a kind of consent protocol as defined in section 2.5
>> of the ASRG framework.
>>
>> Choicelist could be one of the implementation options available
>> in a standard framework, or else could become part of the
>> standard. If it is as powerful as you suggest then perhaps the
>> work on XML-CPDL ought to define standard test(s) for checking the
>> Choicelist status of a sender.

> The database query protocol is mostly a way to speed requests by 
> communicating behaviors to the requesting MUA. the protocol would 
> automatically refer requesting MUAs to open public mirrors to 
> distribute the load. it would also allow a "shimmering mirror"
> connection between mirror servers allowing the list of canceled 
> Ids to propagate almost instantly across all servers. all this 
> would happen seamlessly because of the nature of the protocol.

Sounds good. Load balancing is definitely a requirement for 
anything that provides a centralised consent lookup service.

> I am currently working on creating a working system. in it's most
> current incarnation there realy only need to be 4 types of tests,
> and these will be keyed lookups in a database. In this sense the
> "tests" have already been done and all that is required is a
> lookup of the test results.

What were these 4 types of test?

> I realy need to update my stuff and make it more readable... that page
> is something i meant to update a while ago.

Ok, well I'll wait until you have a newer draft.

>>> The attached file would be read as is by a Choicelist MUA.

>> Thanks, it's worth a read. There's definitely an elegant simplicity
>> about the way it looks.

...8<...

>>   - in your whitelist/blacklist command entries you specify some
>>     IP addresses to match against. Which IP address are you
>>     intending to match? And how would a Choicelist system
>>     deal with DHCP or NAT configurations, in which IP addresses
>>     are either unstable or not those of the machine you expect?
  
> Ip address compatability here would work the same way that Ip based
> lists are used currently... actually I don't realy know but i wanted 
> to allow the option for those who would choose to use it. 

I can see why it might be useful to have the feature in an 
implementation. However in the context of an overall consent framework
the definition of IP-based blocklisting could (and probably would) be
done using separate tests.

Such tests would probably make no reference to Choicelist data but
could be logically combined with Choicelist tests to produce some
quite sophisticated policies.

I can imagine wanting to have policy rules which state the equivalent
of:
   "Block all mail from 172.254.0.0/16 unless it originated from a
    Choicelist sender I have chosen to opt-in to"

Or if you defer to your favourite blocklist (say "Acme"):
   "Block all mail from Acme-DNSBl addresses unless it originated 
    from a Choicelist sender I have opted-in to"

Admittedly I've not stated these in a form very predicate-like. They
probably resolve to structures like:

 <AND>
   <TEST id="Acme-DNSl" method="Acme()">
   <NOT><TEST id="Choicelist-OptIn" method="Choice_OptIn()"></NOT>
 </AND>

 ("Sender is blocklisted by Acme and is not Choicelist whitelisted")

... which would map onto an action to reject the message.

This is just an example, but that's what it *might* look like in
XML-CPDL. I'm still pondering some ideas about the syntax in this
area of XML-CPDL and will mail out some ideas over the next couple
of days.

You could use the above kind of rule to get around some of the 
problems if a DNSBl service "goes bad". If a whole network IP block
gets a bad reputation because of a few spammers, users would still be
able to receive messages from the senders on that network whom they
have consented (via Choicelist) to communicate with.

And if Choicelist consent is expressed "out of band" (i.e. not via
e-mail messages or SMTP) then the use of e-mail blocking services
would not prevent such innocent senders on "bad" network blocks 
from establishing consent with new receivers.

> I personally see little use for these as the number of entries 
> in the database increases.

Yes, but until it does increase you need other tests in the meantime
to try and control the problem long enough for a full consent-based
system to become effective.

At least you have tried to allow for some short-to-medium term
solution so that the system could be phased in. Too many proposals
require an immediate massive change in internet practice in order
to have any chance of success.

Anyway there's plenty to think about while we await your new 
Choicelist documentation.

Thanks

Andrew

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From: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 6. Proposals - DNSRBLs
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As somebody has mentioned before, having local copies of a DNSRBL's 
database might something that is needed to counteract this problem. The db 
can be posted to NANAE for example.

At 12:22 AM 8/29/2003, Hector Santos wrote:
>I hope the FBI is on the case.   This is the worst 2-3 weeks I have ever
>seen!   We are not a "RBL" but our software has it been in and we have over
>60,000 customers world wide!  We are getting hit hard and many customers are
>reporting the same!    I just installed a honeypot to begin complete data
>collection.  It is REALLY BAD out there!
>
>With that said, I personally always view the RBL to be a double-edge sword.
>While it help stop spammers, at the same time, the database was an open
>source for spammers to easily find open relays and proxies.  In other words,
>if I wanted to become a spammer tomorrow, all I need to do is get the RBL
>database (which is downloadable at some sites) and easily find thousands of
>relays/proxies with little or no effort on my part.
>
>I have discussed this some of the spews people.  We agreed that is an
>problem, however, the hope is that as more and more systems begin to use
>RBL, then the spammers having the database isn't so much a problem.
>
>I agree with that idea and quite possibly with the recent news more of the
>"big boys" including Microsoft, AOL, YAHOO, etc to begin using RBL systems,
>the spammers felt it was time to go on the offensive by attacking the sites
>NOW.   They have tried to stop them legally and that has failed.
>
>--
>Hector Santos
>WINSERVER "Wildcat! Interactive Net Server"
>http://www.winserver.com
>
>----- Original Message -----
>From: "Yakov Shafranovich" <research@solidmatrix.com>
>To: <asrg@ietf.org>
>Sent: Thursday, August 28, 2003 5:30 PM
>Subject: [Asrg] 6. Proposals - DNSRBLs
>
>
> > Just to follow up on the previous post regarding the shutdown of
>OsiruSoft,
> > the Boston Globe is reporting
> >
>(http://www.boston.com/news/nation/articles/2003/08/28/saboteurs_hit_spams_b
>lockers/)
> > that a distributed DDOS attack that targeted OsiruSoft and SPEWS, is
> > targeting many other black-lists as well.
> >
> > Yakov
> >
> >
> > _______________________________________________
> > Asrg mailing list
> > Asrg@ietf.org
> > https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg
> >
>
>
>
>_______________________________________________
>Asrg mailing list
>Asrg@ietf.org
>https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg


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From: John Kodis <kodis@mail630.gsfc.nasa.gov>
To: ASRG list <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: Re: 7. BCP - Default Settings (was Re: [Asrg] 0. - General - Consent and SoBig)
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Date: Fri, 29 Aug 2003 12:05:54 -0400

On Fri, Aug 29, 2003 at 01:41:37AM -0400, waltdnes@waltdnes.org wrote:
> On Tue, Aug 26, 2003 at 11:25:32PM -0400, Yakov Shafranovich wrote
> 
> > Ok, for starters:
> > 1. We need to evaluate which areas require BCPs. In the research agenda 
> > (http://www.irtf.org/asrg/asrg_research_agenda.htm) three items are listed:
> > 7.a. End-users
> > 7.b. Mail administrators.
> > 7.c. Mass Mailers
> 
>   7.d. Authors/publishers of MUAs, MTAs, etc.
>        It would've been nice if Netscape and Microsoft never made HTML
>        email the default.  AOL is another bad example.  I don't know if
>        it's even possible to send plain-text email with their mailer.

There's an informal "Good Netkeeping Seal of Approval" program that
evaluates usenet/nntp/news clients against a published set of best
practice guidelines.  This or an analagous program for MUAs might
serve as a good starting point for this effort.

-- 
John Kodis                                    Goddard Space Flight Center
kodis@mail630.gsfc.nasa.gov                      Greenbelt, Maryland, USA
Phone: 301-286-7376                                     Fax: 301-286-1771

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To: Bob Atkinson <bobatk@Exchange.Microsoft.com>
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        Hector Santos <winserver.support@winserver.com>,
        Anti-Spam <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 0. General - Administrative - for M. Wild
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Date: Fri, 29 Aug 2003 17:55:03 -0500

Ideally, MTA's would identify themselves as such.  For example:

mta5.exchange.microsoft.com	TXT	"ID=MTA,ABUSE=abuse@microsoft.com"

(or whatever format makes the most sense)

I suppose the same could be done using just the reversed IP address, e.g.:

3.2.1.10			TXT	"ID=MTA,ABUSE=abuse@microsoft.com"

Either of these would allow a site to determine if a given connection is
coming from a known MTA.  Over time, one could be more and more restrictive
as to how they treat MTA's with no such record (as we presently are doing
with the absence of rDNS).  Obviously, sites with large numbers of client
workstations would NOT put an MTA designation on those IP addresses, nor
would a site put them on dialup/dynamic lines.  If successfully implemented,
this would do away with (over time) DNSbls which list dynamic/dialup lines,
most cases of open proxies, and trojanned IP addresses never meant to run
an MTA.

The main reason we want rDNS along with this is to allow us to associate
a valid domain name with the MTA (instead of trusting its HELO value).
Strictly speaking, it wouldn't be required along with the above.

What the "MTA designator" does is finally start allowing sites to identify
known MTAs (whether they are direct spammers or not, doesn't matter).

On Fri, Aug 29, 2003 at 03:10:21PM -0700, Bob Atkinson wrote:
> Perhaps I'm being slow this Friday afternoon, but can you elaborate on
> why you feel both rDNS and another DNS id is necessarily required to
> deter Trojans? The reasoning you are using isn't clear to me.
> 
> Thanks much.
> 
> 	Bob
> 
> -----Original Message-----
> From: Steven F Siirila [mailto:sfs@tc.umn.edu] 
> Sent: Friday, August 29, 2003 12:22 PM
> To: Bob Atkinson
> Cc: Hector Santos; Anti-Spam
> Subject: Re: [Asrg] 0. General - Administrative - for M. Wild
> 
> Until we require both rDNS -AND- add another DNS identifier declaring
> the
> sending MTA as an MTA, we will continue to see trojan software
> masquerading
> as MTAs.  While it may be a slow, painful process, I don't see any good
> alternatives (at least not in our environment).  We continue to employ
> rDNS checking, adding more networks to the mix all the time.  The key to
> implementing rDNS for us has been:
> 
>  1) It is not done for all IP addresses, but rather on a per-netblock
> basis
>     (with the count of addresses having this requirement increasing each
> day)
> 
>  2) Users can opt-out of this requirement (the blocking occurs after
>     RCPT TO processing)
> 
>  3) Even with the blocking in place, we return a URL to the sender to
>     allow them to request a block exception from our user who can then
>     either grant, deny, or ignore the request
> 
> 
> On Fri, Aug 29, 2003 at 10:38:15AM -0700, Bob Atkinson wrote:
> > There's a much simpler reason why rDNS is unreliable.
> > 
> > In order for rDNS to work, the domain owner must have a DNS
> relationship
> > with their ISP (as opposed to hosting DNS themselves). There are many,
> > particularly the small folk, who do not, esp. as it costs ongoing $ to
> > maintain such a relationship. 
> > 
> > Having such a relationship is not today pragmatically necessary to
> > participate in the Internet, and we ought to think carefully before
> > giving ISPs such a win-fall and shift in power. 
> > 
> > 	Bob
> > 
> 

-- 

Steven F. Siirila			Office: Lind Hall, Room 130B
Internet Services			E-mail: sfs@umn.edu
Office of Information Technology	Voice: (612) 626-0244
University of Minnesota

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Subject: Re: [Asrg] 0. General - Administrative - for M. Wild
Organization: Santronics Software, Inc
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Date: Fri, 29 Aug 2003 18:49:11 -0400
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I'm new to this mailing list so I don't know all that has been discussed. So
please excused any ignorance I may show.

I agree with Steven.

In my view,  I believe ultimately the "mail server" concept will need to be
part of some official "registry" system.    Whether that's going be done at
the HELO/EHLO state,  one way or another,  the system can not simply to
continue to work using the "honor" system and accept open-ended unauthorized
transactions.

At the same time, I don't think that is the complete solution either.

Before I go further, I would like to note that the cards may be already been
dealt for us.  With more of the larger ISPs controlling access and limited
who can connect via HELO/EHLO and the peer IP,  the developers, such as
myself, will follow their lead.    So their actions may pre-empt any work
done here.  Nonetheless, I am hoping to be part of any new specification
process and make sure I get my technical expertise and opinions heard.

In my view, we need a stronger handshake between the server and the client.

One way to accomplish this is using a "challenge string" as part of the
welcome.

        250 domain, [vendor, version] [challenge string]

The compliant client will then use the challenge string as part of the EHLO
command.  It can be a simple echo:

        EHLO clienthosthame [challenge string]

At the very least, this will tell the server that the client is compliant
and ready for new commands that are engineered to complete an authorized
mail transaction.

or we can have a new command such MAILER that says:

        MAILER clienthost [vendor, version]  [challenge string]

regardless,  we need to make this stronger and while we are at it,  we use
the opportunity to enhance SMTP state machine.

Even if we consider to make stronger use of rDNS on the HELO/EHLO,  we need
to make it strong enough to suggest that not everyone can just setup a mail
server to send mail.   The larger ISPs are forcing the issue for us in this
regard

----

Hector Santos
WINSERVER "Wildcat! Interactive Net Server"
http://www.santronics.com



----- Original Message ----- 
From: "Bob Atkinson" <bobatk@Exchange.Microsoft.com>
To: "Steven F Siirila" <sfs@tc.umn.edu>
Cc: "Hector Santos" <winserver.support@winserver.com>; "Anti-Spam"
<asrg@ietf.org>
Sent: Friday, August 29, 2003 6:10 PM
Subject: RE: [Asrg] 0. General - Administrative - for M. Wild


Perhaps I'm being slow this Friday afternoon, but can you elaborate on
why you feel both rDNS and another DNS id is necessarily required to
deter Trojans? The reasoning you are using isn't clear to me.

Thanks much.

 Bob

-----Original Message-----
From: Steven F Siirila [mailto:sfs@tc.umn.edu]
Sent: Friday, August 29, 2003 12:22 PM
To: Bob Atkinson
Cc: Hector Santos; Anti-Spam
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 0. General - Administrative - for M. Wild

Until we require both rDNS -AND- add another DNS identifier declaring
the
sending MTA as an MTA, we will continue to see trojan software
masquerading
as MTAs.  While it may be a slow, painful process, I don't see any good
alternatives (at least not in our environment).  We continue to employ
rDNS checking, adding more networks to the mix all the time.  The key to
implementing rDNS for us has been:

 1) It is not done for all IP addresses, but rather on a per-netblock
basis
    (with the count of addresses having this requirement increasing each
day)

 2) Users can opt-out of this requirement (the blocking occurs after
    RCPT TO processing)

 3) Even with the blocking in place, we return a URL to the sender to
    allow them to request a block exception from our user who can then
    either grant, deny, or ignore the request





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Subject: RE: [Asrg] 0. General - Administrative - for M. Wild
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From: "Bob Atkinson" <bobatk@exchange.microsoft.com>
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Perhaps I'm being slow this Friday afternoon, but can you elaborate on
why you feel both rDNS and another DNS id is necessarily required to
deter Trojans? The reasoning you are using isn't clear to me.

Thanks much.

	Bob

-----Original Message-----
From: Steven F Siirila [mailto:sfs@tc.umn.edu]=20
Sent: Friday, August 29, 2003 12:22 PM
To: Bob Atkinson
Cc: Hector Santos; Anti-Spam
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 0. General - Administrative - for M. Wild

Until we require both rDNS -AND- add another DNS identifier declaring
the
sending MTA as an MTA, we will continue to see trojan software
masquerading
as MTAs.  While it may be a slow, painful process, I don't see any good
alternatives (at least not in our environment).  We continue to employ
rDNS checking, adding more networks to the mix all the time.  The key to
implementing rDNS for us has been:

 1) It is not done for all IP addresses, but rather on a per-netblock
basis
    (with the count of addresses having this requirement increasing each
day)

 2) Users can opt-out of this requirement (the blocking occurs after
    RCPT TO processing)

 3) Even with the blocking in place, we return a URL to the sender to
    allow them to request a block exception from our user who can then
    either grant, deny, or ignore the request


On Fri, Aug 29, 2003 at 10:38:15AM -0700, Bob Atkinson wrote:
> There's a much simpler reason why rDNS is unreliable.
>=20
> In order for rDNS to work, the domain owner must have a DNS
relationship
> with their ISP (as opposed to hosting DNS themselves). There are many,
> particularly the small folk, who do not, esp. as it costs ongoing $ to
> maintain such a relationship.=20
>=20
> Having such a relationship is not today pragmatically necessary to
> participate in the Internet, and we ought to think carefully before
> giving ISPs such a win-fall and shift in power.=20
>=20
> 	Bob
>=20


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From: Paul Judge <paul.judge@ciphertrust.com>
To: "'Yakov Shafranovich'" <research@solidmatrix.com>,
        "'ASRG list'"
	 <asrg@ietf.org>
Cc: Paul Judge <paul.judge@ciphertrust.com>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] 1. Inventory of Problems - IM Spam
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Date: Fri, 29 Aug 2003 15:02:56 -0400

From the first sentence in the charter: "The Anti-Spam Research Group (ASRG)
focuses on the problem of unwanted email messages..."

This question has come up before. I think that while many of the objectives
may be the same, the group should focus on email. Once we have sufficiently
understood and made contributions to solving the email spam problem, perhaps
some of our results will be useful for dealing with IM spam.

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Yakov Shafranovich [mailto:research@solidmatrix.com] 
> Sent: Friday, August 29, 2003 12:38 PM
> To: ASRG list
> Cc: Paul Judge
> Subject: [Asrg] 1. Inventory of Problems - IM Spam
> 
> 
> Should the group be looking at IM spam as well as email spam?
> 
> Yakov
> 
> 
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg
> 

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To: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>
From: Brad Knowles <brad.knowles@skynet.be>
Subject: Re: 7. Best Current Practices (was Re: [Asrg] 0. General
 -   Administrative - for M. Wild)
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Date: Fri, 29 Aug 2003 20:25:20 +0200

At 8:23 PM -0400 2003/08/28, Yakov Shafranovich wrote:

>  If you need to get in touch with the IETF, please let Paul or me know
>  so we can push it on to the IETF through the regular channels.

	I believe that we should plan on updating the relevant RFCs, or 
at least coordinating the updates for them, in addition to the BCPs.

	I'll let you folks know when we've gotten there.

-- 
Brad Knowles, <brad.knowles@skynet.be>

"They that can give up essential liberty to obtain a little temporary
safety deserve neither liberty nor safety."
     -Benjamin Franklin, Historical Review of Pennsylvania.

GCS/IT d+(-) s:+(++)>: a C++(+++)$ UMBSHI++++$ P+>++ L+ !E-(---) W+++(--) N+
!w--- O- M++ V PS++(+++) PE- Y+(++) PGP>+++ t+(+++) 5++(+++) X++(+++) R+(+++)
tv+(+++) b+(++++) DI+(++++) D+(++) G+(++++) e++>++++ h--- r---(+++)* z(+++)

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To: Richard Rognlie <rrognlie@gamerz.net>
From: Brad Knowles <brad.knowles@skynet.be>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 0. General - Administrative - for M. Wild
Cc: Hector Santos <winserver.support@winserver.com>,
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Date: Fri, 29 Aug 2003 20:27:00 +0200

At 9:35 PM -0400 2003/08/28, Richard Rognlie wrote:

>  And certainly... if a machine presents *MY* IP addr as the connecting
>  info... but the connecting IP does not have anything to do with my
>  network... Bzzzzt!  Next player!
>
>  or when they say "EHLO gamerz.net"  but again are NOT on my network.
>  Bzzzzt!

	Both good subjects to be discussed for the BCPs.

-- 
Brad Knowles, <brad.knowles@skynet.be>

"They that can give up essential liberty to obtain a little temporary
safety deserve neither liberty nor safety."
     -Benjamin Franklin, Historical Review of Pennsylvania.

GCS/IT d+(-) s:+(++)>: a C++(+++)$ UMBSHI++++$ P+>++ L+ !E-(---) W+++(--) N+
!w--- O- M++ V PS++(+++) PE- Y+(++) PGP>+++ t+(+++) 5++(+++) X++(+++) R+(+++)
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From: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>
Subject: 7. BCP - Mail Administrators - rDNS (was RE: [Asrg] 0. General  -
 Administrative - for M. Wild)
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Date: Fri, 29 Aug 2003 15:03:25 -0400
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So what should we suggest as part of the BCPs?

At 01:38 PM 8/29/2003, Bob Atkinson wrote:
>There's a much simpler reason why rDNS is unreliable.
>
>In order for rDNS to work, the domain owner must have a DNS relationship
>with their ISP (as opposed to hosting DNS themselves). There are many,
>particularly the small folk, who do not, esp. as it costs ongoing $ to
>maintain such a relationship.
>
>Having such a relationship is not today pragmatically necessary to
>participate in the Internet, and we ought to think carefully before
>giving ISPs such a win-fall and shift in power.
>
>         Bob
>
>-----Original Message-----
>From: asrg-admin@ietf.org [mailto:asrg-admin@ietf.org] On Behalf Of
>Hector Santos
>Sent: Thursday, August 28, 2003 12:34 PM
>To: Anti-Spam
>Subject: Re: [Asrg] 0. General - Administrative - for M. Wild
>
>David,
>
>We found rDNS checking on HELO/EHLO to be unreliable due to
>mis-configuration of smtp servers, in particular those systems who
>prepare a
>send-only or routing server,  which from my last reading of the RFC (a
>few
>years back), need to be prepare as sub-domains.   Because they are not,
>it
>is not possible to do reliable checking.
>
>Recently, we added logic to check for the bracket DOT format,  i.e,.
>HELO/EHLO [X.X.X.X]
>
>We found those servers using this format to be spammer servers and they
>are
>using it incorrectly, providing the literal IP without the brackets,
>i..e,
>HELO/EHLO X.X.X.X
>
>So we reject the HELO/ELHO state when
>
>a) The literal IP does not have brackets, or
>b) The provided bracket IP does not match the connecting peer IP.
>
>We have rejected on average about 125 per day using this scheme.
>
>Incidentally, before this logic was added,  the average about 80
>attempts
>per day.  Hence, the rejection is causing some senders to try again more
>often.  We are sending a 5XX response code (permanent error, don't try
>again) but some are ignoring it of course. :-)
>
>----
>
>Hector Santos
>WINSERVER "Wildcat! Interactive Net Server"
>http://www.santronics.com
>
>
>
>----- Original Message -----
>From: "David Wilson" <David.Wilson@isode.com>
>To: "Yakov Shafranovich" <research@solidmatrix.com>
>Cc: <asrg@ietf.org>
>Sent: Thursday, August 28, 2003 4:00 AM
>Subject: Re: [Asrg] 0. General - Administrative - for M. Wild
>
>
> > On Wed, 2003-08-27 at 14:24, Yakov Shafranovich wrote:
> > > This message is intended for M Wild ("Mike"):
> > >
> > > I have been trying to send an email reply to you but unfortunately
>it is
> > > not going through due to the following error:
> > >
> > > 450 Client host rejected: cannot find your hostname, [xx.xx.xx.xx]
> > >
> > > I do not have an rDNS address and use the IP address in the HELO
>command
> > > for SMTP. Apparently your server is not accepting that. Please let
>me
>know
> > > an alternative way to contact you.
> >
> > RFC 2822 specifically allows domain literals in the EHLO/HELO command.
> >
> > RFC 1123 Section 5.2.5 specific forbids refusing messages if the
>domain
> > name in HELO (predating SMTP extensions, there is no mention of EHLO)
> > "fails verification".
> >
> > There was general discussion some years ago about the issue of:
> >
> > - accepting SMTP connections when there is no rDNS for the calling IP
> > address.
> >
> > - accepting SMTP connections if the rDNS hostname does not have an A
> > record which contains the calling IP address.
> >
> > At that stage there were enough legitimate sites which fail either of
> > these tests to make rejection on these grounds unacceptable for a
> > reasonable service.
> >
> > So, in my opinion M Wild's MTA is not acting reasonably.
> >
> > cheers
> >
> > David Wilson                             David.Wilson@isode.com
> > Isode Limited                            Tel: +44 (0) 20 8783 2961
> > http://www.isode.com
> >
> >
> > _______________________________________________
> > Asrg mailing list
> > Asrg@ietf.org
> > https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg
> >
> >
>
>
>
>_______________________________________________
>Asrg mailing list
>Asrg@ietf.org
>https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg
>
>
>
>_______________________________________________
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>Asrg@ietf.org
>https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg


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From: "John Fenley" <pontifier@hotmail.com>
To: schaefer@brasslantern.com, asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 4. Consent Framework  - General
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Date: Fri, 29 Aug 2003 13:11:02 -0600

From: "Bart Schaefer" <schaefer@brasslantern.com>

>How would Choicelist or a similar scheme handle mailing lists that use
>VERPs?  Specifically those where the VERP token is regenerated at every
>list delivery and hence differs even for the same recipient?  (I believe
>Yahoo! Groups has this behavior, for example, though I haven't checked
>recently.)

Just to clarify, were you talking about Variable Envelope Return Paths?
That is a dilema. On the one hand that sort of dynamic address creation has 
valid uses, but on the other hand that makes it impossible to verify each 
address (a requirement for creation of a choicelist entry).

In this sort of special case it may be necisary to add a Choicelist header 
pointing an entry with a wildcard description of the sending addresses that 
will be used (without a header address based lookup might fail), as well as 
a mandatory authentication mechanism (without authentication a header would 
allow anyone to specify unsecured ids). Then there would have to be some 
sort of proof that the person creating the entry was authorised to use all 
of those addresses.

I personaly would not want that proof to be anything less than a notarized 
statement detailing the wild-carding system and signed by the owner of the 
domain to be used. If there are hundreds or thousands of different VERP 
senders at a single domain it could get tricky and complicated, but in that 
case the notarized page could detail an address to use to verify wildcarded 
sender descriptions.

eg.. sender "string.WILD.WILD@example.com should be verified by sending an 
email to string@example.com

So while this is a problem, i don't see it as insurmountable. Automated 
systems can be created to interpret these addresses, and with verified 
wildcard descriptions mail of this sort could be protected.
The only tough thing would be handling, verifying, and incorporating all the 
notarized pages into the entry creation system.

I can see it already:
"please select an authorized wildcard type from the list for that domain"

John Fenley

_________________________________________________________________
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From: Steven F Siirila <sfs@tc.umn.edu>
To: Bob Atkinson <bobatk@exchange.microsoft.com>
Cc: Hector Santos <winserver.support@winserver.com>, Anti-Spam <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 0. General - Administrative - for M. Wild
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Date: Fri, 29 Aug 2003 14:22:14 -0500

Until we require both rDNS -AND- add another DNS identifier declaring the
sending MTA as an MTA, we will continue to see trojan software masquerading
as MTAs.  While it may be a slow, painful process, I don't see any good
alternatives (at least not in our environment).  We continue to employ
rDNS checking, adding more networks to the mix all the time.  The key to
implementing rDNS for us has been:

 1) It is not done for all IP addresses, but rather on a per-netblock basis
    (with the count of addresses having this requirement increasing each day)

 2) Users can opt-out of this requirement (the blocking occurs after
    RCPT TO processing)

 3) Even with the blocking in place, we return a URL to the sender to
    allow them to request a block exception from our user who can then
    either grant, deny, or ignore the request


On Fri, Aug 29, 2003 at 10:38:15AM -0700, Bob Atkinson wrote:
> There's a much simpler reason why rDNS is unreliable.
> 
> In order for rDNS to work, the domain owner must have a DNS relationship
> with their ISP (as opposed to hosting DNS themselves). There are many,
> particularly the small folk, who do not, esp. as it costs ongoing $ to
> maintain such a relationship. 
> 
> Having such a relationship is not today pragmatically necessary to
> participate in the Internet, and we ought to think carefully before
> giving ISPs such a win-fall and shift in power. 
> 
> 	Bob
> 
> -----Original Message-----
> From: asrg-admin@ietf.org [mailto:asrg-admin@ietf.org] On Behalf Of
> Hector Santos
> Sent: Thursday, August 28, 2003 12:34 PM
> To: Anti-Spam
> Subject: Re: [Asrg] 0. General - Administrative - for M. Wild
> 
> David,
> 
> We found rDNS checking on HELO/EHLO to be unreliable due to
> mis-configuration of smtp servers, in particular those systems who
> prepare a
> send-only or routing server,  which from my last reading of the RFC (a
> few
> years back), need to be prepare as sub-domains.   Because they are not,
> it
> is not possible to do reliable checking.
> 
> Recently, we added logic to check for the bracket DOT format,  i.e,.
> HELO/EHLO [X.X.X.X]
> 
> We found those servers using this format to be spammer servers and they
> are
> using it incorrectly, providing the literal IP without the brackets,
> i..e,
> HELO/EHLO X.X.X.X
> 
> So we reject the HELO/ELHO state when
> 
> a) The literal IP does not have brackets, or
> b) The provided bracket IP does not match the connecting peer IP.
> 
> We have rejected on average about 125 per day using this scheme.
> 
> Incidentally, before this logic was added,  the average about 80
> attempts
> per day.  Hence, the rejection is causing some senders to try again more
> often.  We are sending a 5XX response code (permanent error, don't try
> again) but some are ignoring it of course. :-)
> 
> ----
> 
> Hector Santos
> WINSERVER "Wildcat! Interactive Net Server"
> http://www.santronics.com
> 
> 
> 
> ----- Original Message ----- 
> From: "David Wilson" <David.Wilson@isode.com>
> To: "Yakov Shafranovich" <research@solidmatrix.com>
> Cc: <asrg@ietf.org>
> Sent: Thursday, August 28, 2003 4:00 AM
> Subject: Re: [Asrg] 0. General - Administrative - for M. Wild
> 
> 
> > On Wed, 2003-08-27 at 14:24, Yakov Shafranovich wrote:
> > > This message is intended for M Wild ("Mike"):
> > >
> > > I have been trying to send an email reply to you but unfortunately
> it is
> > > not going through due to the following error:
> > >
> > > 450 Client host rejected: cannot find your hostname, [xx.xx.xx.xx]
> > >
> > > I do not have an rDNS address and use the IP address in the HELO
> command
> > > for SMTP. Apparently your server is not accepting that. Please let
> me
> know
> > > an alternative way to contact you.
> >
> > RFC 2822 specifically allows domain literals in the EHLO/HELO command.
> >
> > RFC 1123 Section 5.2.5 specific forbids refusing messages if the
> domain
> > name in HELO (predating SMTP extensions, there is no mention of EHLO)
> > "fails verification".
> >
> > There was general discussion some years ago about the issue of:
> >
> > - accepting SMTP connections when there is no rDNS for the calling IP
> > address.
> >
> > - accepting SMTP connections if the rDNS hostname does not have an A
> > record which contains the calling IP address.
> >
> > At that stage there were enough legitimate sites which fail either of
> > these tests to make rejection on these grounds unacceptable for a
> > reasonable service.
> >
> > So, in my opinion M Wild's MTA is not acting reasonably.
> >
> > cheers
> >
> > David Wilson                             David.Wilson@isode.com
> > Isode Limited                            Tel: +44 (0) 20 8783 2961
> > http://www.isode.com
> >
> >
> > _______________________________________________
> > Asrg mailing list
> > Asrg@ietf.org
> > https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg
> >
> >
> 
> 
> 
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg
> 
> 
> 
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg

-- 

Steven F. Siirila			Office: Lind Hall, Room 130B
Internet Services			E-mail: sfs@umn.edu
Office of Information Technology	Voice: (612) 626-0244
University of Minnesota

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Gentlemen, this the slashdot quote below is suitable for framing.  And
if you can read it without getting offended, you can only appreciate the
clarity and truth of what is being said. =20

http://slashdot.org/comments.pl?sid=3D76224&cid=3D6801992

Recopied below for your convenience:


As a professional sender of UCE, I just want to tell you slashdotters to
keep on playing with your spam filters. As long as you use spam filters
on your e-mail, I can continue to reach my real intended targets, those
non-slashdotters who do not know better and will buy my products or
click through to my client's websites. Your filters really help cut down
on the complaints to the Internet service providers I do business with,
and as long as not too many complaints come in their marketing people
assure me we can do business. Of course, I still waste your bandwidth
and mailbox capacity, but you no longer complain to uce@ftc.gov, my
access providers, or anyone else who might cause me problems. My yahoo
and hotmail and other accounts for replies are lasting much longer
before getting shut down because someone complained to these service
providers. And my clients are even reporting that they can start mailing
out 800 numbers like 1-800-901-3719 again and they will not have you
damn geeks set up your modems to keep autodialing them, since you spend
your own time and effort to filter the e-mail and only clueless users
who might actually call will see the numbers.=20
Please don't bother your Congressmen or Senators proposing legislation
that might not work 100%. Just keep on filtering the spam I send you, I
know you would have never bought from me anyway. That you can filter
legitimizes my business and my waste of your bandwidth.=20
P.S. To be sure of not getting a false positive, be sure to send all
filtered mail to a special folder. Waste your storage space storing the
mail until you manually go through every piece to be sure you didn't
accidentally filter something important. Of course, this will take
exactly as much effort as it would have to just check the e-mail when it
first came in, not to mention the extra effort spent in setting up the
filters and the extra space for storing your incoming spam folder, but
what the heck. If you think that you can scan e-mail for false positives
faster this way you are just fooling yourselves, if you are scanning
faster e-mail that you expect to be all spam, you will miss the very
false positives that you think you are looking for. And any fales
positives that you do catch will have been delayed, perhaps days or
more. You geeks enjoy wasting time this way, and I certainly appreciate
it. It makes the work of all us spammers much easier. After all,
slashdotters like Moderation abuser [slashdot.org] tell you that
Bandwidth is cheap, disk is cheap, CPU is cheap , which is good, because
at the rate spammers like me waste it the costs still adds up. I am gald
I never pay for it, and I would just as well that everyone else takes
the additude that all of the resources I waste are cheap than band
together and pass laws against us. No one should care about spam because
Bandwidth is cheap, disk is cheap, CPU is cheap and it is your job to
filter it.=20
Think you've seen this before? Don't complain. Just go through lots more
work to set up special filers on your computer so that you will not see
it again. You should have to do that. It's the true geek solution, and I
would really like it if you did.=20




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	Fri, 29 Aug 2003 22:40:41 -0400
From: Richard Rognlie <rrognlie@gamerz.net>
To: Scott Nelson <scott@spamwolf.com>
Cc: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 0. General - Administrative - for M. Wild
Message-ID: <20030830024041.GE28547@gamerz.net>
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Date: Fri, 29 Aug 2003 22:40:41 -0400

> >Section 4.1.4
> >
> >    An SMTP server MAY verify that the domain name parameter in the
> >    EHLO command actually corresponds to the IP address of the client.
> >    However, the server MUST NOT refuse to accept a message for this
> >    reason if the verification fails: the information about verification
> >    failure is for logging and tracing only.
> >
> >It says we can't use the IP as a basis for rejection.  I'm wondering 
> >why not...?   Yes, if only an IP is presented, I can envision that it
> >was presented by a machine behind a NAT... so it presents 192.168.x.y
> >but the connecting IP is God knows what...   But do I want to accept
> >that mail?
> >
> >And certainly... if a machine presents *MY* IP addr as the connecting
> >info... but the connecting IP does not have anything to do with my
> >network... Bzzzzt!  Next player!
> >
> >or when they say "EHLO gamerz.net"  but again are NOT on my network.
> >Bzzzzt!
> 
> I think the point of 4.1.4 is that you can't expect the HELO to
> resolve to the ip that's connecting to you.  (In some cases,
> it's not even possible to pick a HELO that works.  A machine that
> hosts 70 domains on a single IP for example.)

Can't I?   I don't expect the MTA to identify itself as one of the
domains it hosts.  I expect an MTA to identify itself as who *it*
it...

> However, a lot of machines out there don't use even remotely "correct" 
> HELO arguments.  For example, a lot of machines use unqualified 
> host names ("bob" instead of "bob.example.com").
> If you block because the HELO is not a FQDN, you're going to
> block a fair amount of legitimate mail.

If a host does not identify itself, I don't want it's mail.  RFC2821
clearly says that it should identify itself with its FQDN.  so the 
lack of a '.' in the HELO argument is enough to cause a rejection
(if I wanted).   

> However, your IP address is very different.  That can't reasonably
> be the result of stupidity - it's almost certainly done on purpose.
> Likewise your domain can't reasonably be acidentally chosen as a
> HELO argument either.  

Right.   The only problem I can envision is if you're behind a NAT,
and you claim to be 192.168.x.y.  *why* you;d claim that instead of the
IP of the NAT... or better the hostname that the NAT represents... 
I have no idea...   Besides... shouldn't NATed boxes send mail to their
*local* outbound MTAs first?   So, you know what...?  I don't care.

If the box connecting to me claims EHLO 192.168.x.y, but the connecting
IP is 234.123.4.65.   That's enough reason to block it for me.

> You might be able to add other domains to the list, like yahoo.com,
> but that's a little dangerous unless you can be very sure of
> /all/ the IPs that are assigned to yahoo.com.
> 
> In the long run, blocking based on these things is self limiting.  
> Once enough people do it, spammers will stop.  
> You'll catch a small amount of spam, and a small amount legitimate
> mail, then everybody fixes the bugs and you're right back where you
> were before.

The DRIP milter   ftp://ftp.gamerz.net/pub/dripmilter.pl

has been tweaked to think that non-FQDNs (that do not match after
even doing a resolv.conf "search") or IPs (that mismatch) are
enough cause to FAIL the DRIP test.

The only way I will accept mail from a host that fails the DRIP test
is if the connection SMTP AUTHs.

-- 
 /  \__  | Richard Rognlie / Oracle Prophet / Gamerz.NET Lackey
 \__/  \ | http://www.gamerz.net/rrognlie/    <rrognlie@gamerz.net>
 /  \__/ | I can only please 1 person per day.  Today is not your day.
 \__/    | Tomorrow doesn't look good either.


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From exim@www1.ietf.org  Sat Aug 30 05:20:12 2003
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To: asrg@ietf.org
From: Scott Nelson <scott@spamwolf.com>
Subject: [Asrg] 2.a Greylisting stops 85% of spam.
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Date: Fri, 29 Aug 2003 20:29:18 -0700

I recently ran a test of greylisting on some of my spamtrap addresses.

Caveats: the addresses are presumed to only receive spam, so they
are not a "random uncorrelated" sample, but it is hoped that the
correlations do not contaminate the results.  
Any of those assumptions could be wrong, and the possibility that 
I've made some horrible error should not be discounted.

I split 200 addresses into four group of 50 each,
by sorting alphabetically, and then alternating down the list.
I call them spam0, spam1, spam2 and spam3.

For the first part of the test, (2003-07-13 23:59 to 2003-08-01 10:20)
spam2 and spam3 were greylisting, spam0 and spam1 were not.
In the second part, (2003-08-01 14:17 to 2003-08-21 09:32)
spam2 and spam0 were greylisting, spam3 and spam1 were not.
IOW, spam0 and spam3 changed, but spam1 and spam2 did not.

Total RCPTs
Spam0 - 310                          267
Spam1 - 494                          366
Spam2 - 1330                        1077
Spam3 - 1900                        1113

Emails accepted/unique senders emails accepted
Spam0 - 310, 290                47,   25
Spam1 - 494, 404               366,  297
Spam2 - 268, 129               247,  122
Spam3 - 120, 111              1113, 1068

Total deferred
spam0 - 0                            220
spam1 - 0                              0
spam2 - 1062                         830
spam3 - 1780                           0



***************
Parsed results;
Note that these addresses get considerably less spam than the
"average" mailbox, and the numbers are relatively small,
so the error margins are probably large.  Still, a good rule of
thumb is +/- the square root of the number which translates 
to +/- 10% for these numbers.

If we do /nothing/ but greylisting, it stops between 80-95% 
of all spam attempts. 
Blocking semi-legitimate mailing lists (for example, equalamail.deliveroffers.com) increases this to 91-97%.  

I was originally concerned that there appeared to be a significant 
increase in the number of attempts, and that greylisting might
not have been as effective in decreasing in /total/ spam volume
as the numbers suggested.  There is an increase, but it's not
as large as I first thought, and the increase is close to the 
expected error rate.  Even adjusting for this by assuming the worst, 
greylisting is still better than 75% effective.


Scott Nelson <scott@spamwolf.com>


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From: Richard Rognlie <rrognlie@gamerz.net>
To: Bob Atkinson <bobatk@exchange.microsoft.com>
Cc: Hector Santos <winserver.support@winserver.com>, Anti-Spam <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 0. General - Administrative - for M. Wild
Message-ID: <20030830024911.GF28547@gamerz.net>
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Date: Fri, 29 Aug 2003 22:49:11 -0400

On Fri, Aug 29, 2003 at 10:38:15AM -0700, Bob Atkinson wrote:
> There's a much simpler reason why rDNS is unreliable.
> 
> In order for rDNS to work, the domain owner must have a DNS relationship
> with their ISP (as opposed to hosting DNS themselves). There are many,
> particularly the small folk, who do not, esp. as it costs ongoing $ to
> maintain such a relationship. 
> 
> Having such a relationship is not today pragmatically necessary to
> participate in the Internet, and we ought to think carefully before
> giving ISPs such a win-fall and shift in power. 

The DRIP structure is rDNS-ish, but not dependent on you getting your
provider to cooperate.

that said...   my understanding of getting rDNS working in a mail
context, the rDNS is a PTR to an A record (not necessarily one you 
control).  As long as that A record also points to the same IP...
you're golden.

so, I might use foo.bar.com as my EHLO line.  And in fact,
the A for foo.bar.com points to xx.yy.zz.tt.

but when they look up tt.zz.yy.xx.in-addr.arpa, they'll get whatever
my ISP sez it is.  say

    rdsl-xx-yy-zz-tt.joesisp.com

as long as *that* resolves to xx.yy.zz.tt (as one of its A records)
the MTA should not complain.  In fact, that's what sendmail does.

If the result of the rDNS lookup (and forward lookup) do NOT match,
it tacks on "may be forged" to the Received: header.


-- 
 /  \__  | Richard Rognlie / Oracle Prophet / Gamerz.NET Lackey
 \__/  \ | http://www.gamerz.net/rrognlie/    <rrognlie@gamerz.net>
 /  \__/ | I can only please 1 person per day.  Today is not your day.
 \__/    | Tomorrow doesn't look good either.


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To: asrg@ietf.org
From: Scott Nelson <scott@spamwolf.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 0. General - Administrative - for M. Wild
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Date: Fri, 29 Aug 2003 21:23:16 -0700

At 10:40 PM 8/29/03 -0400, Richard Rognlie wrote:
>> >Section 4.1.4
>> >
>> >    An SMTP server MAY verify that the domain name parameter in the
>> >    EHLO command actually corresponds to the IP address of the client.
>> >    However, the server MUST NOT refuse to accept a message for this
>> >    reason if the verification fails: the information about verification
>> >    failure is for logging and tracing only.
>> >
>> >It says we can't use the IP as a basis for rejection.  I'm wondering 
>> >why not...?   Yes, if only an IP is presented, I can envision that it
>> >was presented by a machine behind a NAT... so it presents 192.168.x.y
>> >but the connecting IP is God knows what...   But do I want to accept
>> >that mail?
>> >
>> >And certainly... if a machine presents *MY* IP addr as the connecting
>> >info... but the connecting IP does not have anything to do with my
>> >network... Bzzzzt!  Next player!
>> >
>> >or when they say "EHLO gamerz.net"  but again are NOT on my network.
>> >Bzzzzt!
>> 
>> I think the point of 4.1.4 is that you can't expect the HELO to
>> resolve to the ip that's connecting to you.  (In some cases,
>> it's not even possible to pick a HELO that works.  A machine that
>> hosts 70 domains on a single IP for example.)
>
>Can't I?   I don't expect the MTA to identify itself as one of the
>domains it hosts.  I expect an MTA to identify itself as who *it*
>it...
>

There are machines that can't tell which IP address they
are connecting through.  Would you, for example, reject email
sent to yourself because it came in on 127.0.0.1, but the
HELO was for example.com?  What if the domain resolved to
10.1.2.3 but the connecting IP was 10.1.2.5?



>> However, a lot of machines out there don't use even remotely "correct" 
>> HELO arguments.  For example, a lot of machines use unqualified 
>> host names ("bob" instead of "bob.example.com").
>> If you block because the HELO is not a FQDN, you're going to
>> block a fair amount of legitimate mail.
>
>If a host does not identify itself, I don't want it's mail.  RFC2821
>clearly says that it should identify itself with its FQDN.  so the 
>lack of a '.' in the HELO argument is enough to cause a rejection
>(if I wanted).   
>

You can reject it if it's IP is a prime number if you like,
it would just mean you aren't RFC compliant.



>> However, your IP address is very different.  That can't reasonably
>> be the result of stupidity - it's almost certainly done on purpose.
>> Likewise your domain can't reasonably be acidentally chosen as a
>> HELO argument either.  
>
>Right.   The only problem I can envision is if you're behind a NAT,
>and you claim to be 192.168.x.y.  *why* you;d claim that instead of the
>IP of the NAT... or better the hostname that the NAT represents... 
>I have no idea...   Besides... shouldn't NATed boxes send mail to their
>*local* outbound MTAs first?   So, you know what...?  I don't care.
>

A server might claim that because a server has no way of knowing
what IP it's being NATed to.  Again, you can reject email 
from servers that can't figure that out, but you wouldn't
be RFC compliant if you did.


>If the box connecting to me claims EHLO 192.168.x.y, but the connecting
>IP is 234.123.4.65.   That's enough reason to block it for me.
>
>> You might be able to add other domains to the list, like yahoo.com,
>> but that's a little dangerous unless you can be very sure of
>> /all/ the IPs that are assigned to yahoo.com.
>> 
>> In the long run, blocking based on these things is self limiting.  
>> Once enough people do it, spammers will stop.  
>> You'll catch a small amount of spam, and a small amount legitimate
>> mail, then everybody fixes the bugs and you're right back where you
>> were before.
>
>The DRIP milter   ftp://ftp.gamerz.net/pub/dripmilter.pl
>
>has been tweaked to think that non-FQDNs (that do not match after
>even doing a resolv.conf "search") or IPs (that mismatch) are
>enough cause to FAIL the DRIP test.
>
>The only way I will accept mail from a host that fails the DRIP test
>is if the connection SMTP AUTHs.
>

You can reject email for any reason you like (many do),
but you may not be RFC compliant if you do.

Yahoo tempfails multiple RCPTs if the sender is <>,
that's not compliant either, but I doubt many would fault them for it.

Rejecting email because the HELO is wrong is likely to generate
complaints.  But hey - If you're running your own server then
it's just you that you need to please.  And if you run a server
for others, then as they're fond of saying on NANOG -
I invite my competitors to engage in such behavior.


Scott Nelson <scott@spamwolf.com>


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To: asrg@ietf.org
From: Pete McNeil <madscientist@microneil.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 0. General - Summary of spam filtering
  effectiveness on slashdot
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Date: Sat, 30 Aug 2003 09:49:48 -0400

At 03:18 PM 8/29/2003 -1000, Peter Kay wrote:
>Gentlemen, this the slashdot quote below is suitable for framing.  And
>if you can read it without getting offended, you can only appreciate the
>clarity and truth of what is being said.
>
>http://slashdot.org/comments.pl?sid=76224&cid=6801992
>
>Recopied below for your convenience:

There's nothing new here - Same old arguments in a different form. For now, 
filtering is an interim solution that is better than the alternatives... 
and it will never go away but it will get better. (_any_ mechanism that 
allows someone to chose which messages will be sent/received and which will 
not is inherently a filter) As the technology of the Internet evolves, 
eventually filtering will be on a par with search engines = a device to 
select the data you need/want from an unending sea of available data.

As far as legislation goes, we don't need more than we have and most 
current proposals for it are "a cure worse than the disease". What we do 
need are security mechanisms in place on the 'net that prevent and respond 
to the abuse that is now rampant. That done, the laws that make it illegal 
to break into a computer system will suffice for prosecution (because they 
will become enforceable), and the network itself will be a deterrent to 
malware & spam by automatically forcing the disconnection of the abusers no 
matter where they enter the 'net. This should be our goal, with a sound 
consent management mechanism to act as the steering wheel.

Sure, not everybody will implement secure technologies and practices - at 
first almost nobody will, but in the end, not to sound heartless, those 
that do not will deserve the abuse they signed up for... sadly we can't 
stop that.

_M


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From: Richard Rognlie <rrognlie@gamerz.net>
To: Scott Nelson <scott@spamwolf.com>
Cc: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 0. General - Administrative - for M. Wild
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Date: Sat, 30 Aug 2003 09:42:43 -0400

On Fri, Aug 29, 2003 at 09:23:16PM -0700, Scott Nelson wrote:
> At 10:40 PM 8/29/03 -0400, Richard Rognlie wrote:
> >> >Section 4.1.4
> >> >
> >> >    An SMTP server MAY verify that the domain name parameter in the
> >> >    EHLO command actually corresponds to the IP address of the client.
> >> >    However, the server MUST NOT refuse to accept a message for this
> >> >    reason if the verification fails: the information about verification
> >> >    failure is for logging and tracing only.
> >> >
> >> >It says we can't use the IP as a basis for rejection.  I'm wondering 
> >> >why not...?   Yes, if only an IP is presented, I can envision that it
> >> >was presented by a machine behind a NAT... so it presents 192.168.x.y
> >> >but the connecting IP is God knows what...   But do I want to accept
> >> >that mail?
> >> >
> >> >And certainly... if a machine presents *MY* IP addr as the connecting
> >> >info... but the connecting IP does not have anything to do with my
> >> >network... Bzzzzt!  Next player!
> >> >
> >> >or when they say "EHLO gamerz.net"  but again are NOT on my network.
> >> >Bzzzzt!
> >> 
> >> I think the point of 4.1.4 is that you can't expect the HELO to
> >> resolve to the ip that's connecting to you.  (In some cases,
> >> it's not even possible to pick a HELO that works.  A machine that
> >> hosts 70 domains on a single IP for example.)
> >
> >Can't I?   I don't expect the MTA to identify itself as one of the
> >domains it hosts.  I expect an MTA to identify itself as who *it*
> >it...
> 
> There are machines that can't tell which IP address they
> are connecting through.  Would you, for example, reject email
> sent to yourself because it came in on 127.0.0.1, but the
> HELO was for example.com? 

DRIP has the ability exempt certain IPs from testing.

127.0.0.1/32 is hardcoded as an exemption already.

> What if the domain resolved to 10.1.2.3 but the connecting IP was 10.1.2.5?

If your machine can't tell what it is... I have no interest in talking
to it.  But if you do have multiple IPs for a single helohost, then
in DRIP speak, it's up to you to have DRIP records for each possible IP
that a helohost might use.

Of course, a 10.*.*.* host connecting to my MTAs would be a bad thing
(as I don't run any 10. nets, and 10. nets are unroutable).

> >> However, a lot of machines out there don't use even remotely "correct" 
> >> HELO arguments.  For example, a lot of machines use unqualified 
> >> host names ("bob" instead of "bob.example.com").
> >> If you block because the HELO is not a FQDN, you're going to
> >> block a fair amount of legitimate mail.
> >
> >If a host does not identify itself, I don't want it's mail.  RFC2821
> >clearly says that it should identify itself with its FQDN.  so the 
> >lack of a '.' in the HELO argument is enough to cause a rejection
> >(if I wanted).   
> 
> You can reject it if it's IP is a prime number if you like,
> it would just mean you aren't RFC compliant.

That'd be silly.  you know you can only reject prime numbered IPs
IFF it's the 5th tuesday of the month.

8^)

> >> However, your IP address is very different.  That can't reasonably
> >> be the result of stupidity - it's almost certainly done on purpose.
> >> Likewise your domain can't reasonably be acidentally chosen as a
> >> HELO argument either.  
> >
> >Right.   The only problem I can envision is if you're behind a NAT,
> >and you claim to be 192.168.x.y.  *why* you;d claim that instead of the
> >IP of the NAT... or better the hostname that the NAT represents... 
> >I have no idea...   Besides... shouldn't NATed boxes send mail to their
> >*local* outbound MTAs first?   So, you know what...?  I don't care.
> 
> A server might claim that because a server has no way of knowing
> what IP it's being NATed to.  Again, you can reject email 
> from servers that can't figure that out, but you wouldn't
> be RFC compliant if you did.

It's no worse than listening to a DUL RBL.  If you don't know
the IP you are connecting through, I don't want to talk to you.
I want to speak to *well behaved* MTAs.   If you're behind a NAT,
talk to your local provider's MTA.  

> >If the box connecting to me claims EHLO 192.168.x.y, but the connecting
> >IP is 234.123.4.65.   That's enough reason to block it for me.
> >
> >> You might be able to add other domains to the list, like yahoo.com,
> >> but that's a little dangerous unless you can be very sure of
> >> /all/ the IPs that are assigned to yahoo.com.
> >> 
> >> In the long run, blocking based on these things is self limiting.  
> >> Once enough people do it, spammers will stop.  
> >> You'll catch a small amount of spam, and a small amount legitimate
> >> mail, then everybody fixes the bugs and you're right back where you
> >> were before.
> >
> >The DRIP milter   ftp://ftp.gamerz.net/pub/dripmilter.pl
> >
> >has been tweaked to think that non-FQDNs (that do not match after
> >even doing a resolv.conf "search") or IPs (that mismatch) are
> >enough cause to FAIL the DRIP test.
> >
> >The only way I will accept mail from a host that fails the DRIP test
> >is if the connection SMTP AUTHs.
> 
> You can reject email for any reason you like (many do),
> but you may not be RFC compliant if you do.

There's the letter of the RFC, and there's the spirit.
All the things we are discussing here are intended to maintain the
spirit of a free exchange of email on the internet.  Sadly, the 
spammers are forcing us to take measures the WILL result in some
collateral damage.   But hopefully, we can minimize that and
make sure there are useful workarounds for those that ARE
legitimate emailers.

e.g.  my personal mail server recently ran afoul of rr.com anti-spam
efforts.  it seems someone on the /24 where my boxes reside sent a bunch
of bad email to rr.com, so they blocked the whole /24, not just the
single IP... their servers, their rules...  but I was able to route
rr.com mail through my ISPs mail servers until the block was lifted.  

> Yahoo tempfails multiple RCPTs if the sender is <>,
> that's not compliant either, but I doubt many would fault them for it.

I know I can't blame them.

> Rejecting email because the HELO is wrong is likely to generate
> complaints.  But hey - If you're running your own server then
> it's just you that you need to please.  And if you run a server
> for others, then as they're fond of saying on NANOG -
> I invite my competitors to engage in such behavior.

We'll see how many complain about what's in place now.  I don't 
think I'm being draconian.  Just asking that people run their
own services well.


-- 
 /  \__  | Richard Rognlie / Oracle Prophet / Gamerz.NET Lackey
 \__/  \ | http://www.gamerz.net/rrognlie/    <rrognlie@gamerz.net>
 /  \__/ | I can only please 1 person per day.  Today is not your day.
 \__/    | Tomorrow doesn't look good either.


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To: Pete - Madscientist <madscientist@microneil.com>, asrg@ietf.org
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Subject: [Asrg] 4d. Consent Framework - Protocols and Formats - XML-CPDL
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Date: Sat, 30 Aug 2003 20:34:57 +0100 (BST)
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Recently I posted a message on the topic of tests and actions for
XML-CPDL inspired by those defined by RFC 3028 for Sieve.

Here I suggest a possible syntax for these which could become
part of the XML-CPDL. I would welcome any comments and suggestions
from those interested in defining a consent policy definition 
language.

When referring to existing XML-CPDL syntax, I mean the example
syntax as shown at:

  http://www.sortmonster.com/ASRG/ConsentPolicyExample.xml

The elements in the header-matching syntax I propose below are
effectively predicates which return true or false for a given
message depending on whether they match any value specified
for such a header.

(i.e. they are true if and only if there exists at least one
  matching value in any header of that name)

Each value would be delimited by the usual RFC 2822 characters
and matched separately. So, to match a value in the header XYZ:

  <HEADER name="XYZ">
     <EXPRESSION>abc*</EXPRESSION>
  </HEADER>

Where "abc*" is some pattern-matching syntax. I'm currently
agnostic as to what pattern-matching system should be used.
Some people like regular expressions, others don't.

I think we should settle on a basic pattern-matching syntax
and then anyone who finds it to be inadequate can still use
external libraries as discussed earlier.

We will need a certain minimum level of matching to be widely
supported in order for policy sharing to be truly useful, which
is why Regex syntax is a good candidate since Regex libraries
are widely used and readily available.

To give a more concrete example, one can define tests like:

  <TEST id="IsAllegedlyFromAlice" method="StandardHeaderMatch()">
    <HEADER name="From">
      <EXPRESSION>alice@example.com</EXPRESSION>
    </HEADER>
  </TEST>

I would suggest that address fields are treated as if they contain
just the raw addresses and not the user-readable name parts.

The absence of a specified EXPRESSION element could be taken to mean
that the existence of the header is sufficient for the predicate
to be true, e.g.

  <TEST id="IsCRI" method="StandardHeaderMatch()">
    <HEADER name="CRI-Sender-Exempt" />
  </TEST>

...would match a message with a CRI-Sender-Exempt header, regardless
of the value therein. This could be useful for CRI folks.

People like Gordon who might prefer SPITBOL matching (or any other
matching language of their choice) could specify tests like:

  <TEST id="IsSPITBOLMatch" method="DoSPITBOLRules()" />

...for some suitably-defined implementation on their local system.
Thus if you find Regex isn't enough for your needs then you're not
forced to rely on it.

Another example: people who want to block HTML messages could use a
test something like...

   <TEST id="IsHTMLMessage" method="StandardHeaderMatch()">
     <HEADER name="Content-Type">
       <EXPRESSION>text/html.*</EXPRESSION>
     </HEADER>
   </TEST>

You get the idea. Of course one test by itself isn't much use. We 
need to logically combine tests.

Under such a scheme one could combine multiple expressions within
the <TEST> definition above. This might be valuable to create large
complex test expressions which could be re-used in many policies.
The existing XML-CPDL doesn't mention this. Pete, could you comment
on this issue?

Another place to combine tests is under the <CONDITIONS> element of 
a policy. In this area, the example XML-CPDL policy comment states:

  "A CONDITIONS block in a policy definition combines a set of
   tests that describe the desired conditions surrounding a 
   given message. In general the individual TEST elements are
   combined with a logical AND unless otherwise	defined. As a
   result, ALL of the tests must be true for the conditions to
   be true (by default)."

Now, to allow rules which can use a logical OR, I would propose a
new kind of element: ANYOF (as in "any of"). This is inspired by
the Sieve construct of the same name.

For an <ANYOF> block to be true, at least one of its tests must
evaluate to true for the message under consideration.

Consider the following example. (Note: I have omitted the enclosing
<CPDL>, <POLICIES>, <GROUP> and <POLICY> elements to aid 
readability)

 <CONDITIONS>
   <ANYOF>
     <TEST id="A" />
     <TEST id="B" />
   </ANYOF>

   <ANYOF>
     <TEST id="C" />
     <TEST id="D" />
     <TEST id="E" />
   </ANYOF>
 </CONDITIONS>

... would be equivalent to (A OR B) AND (C OR D OR E), where A to E
are tests defined previously. The AND occurs because of the earlier
assumption that elements are combined with a logical AND unless
otherwise defined.

This kind of structure allows the expression of rules in 
conjunctive normal form. In practice to make the XML schema rather
more rigid and hence easier to parse (not to mention less
ambiguous for human readers/writers) I would also propose an ALLOF
element which will only be true if all of the tests it encloses
hold true for the current message.

Thus the above example would be unambiguously written as:

 <CONDITIONS>
   <ALLOF>
     <ANYOF>
       <TEST id="A" />
       <TEST id="B" />
     </ANYOF>

     <ANYOF>
       <TEST id="C" />
       <TEST id="D" />
       <TEST id="E" />
     </ANYOF>
   </ALLOF>
 </CONDITIONS>

It is possible that a "not" element may be required for negation.
For consistency it might be better to name it NONEOF ("none of").

<NONEOF>...</NONEOF> would be the same as "NOT <ANYOF>...</ANYOF>"

It might add to the computational complexty slightly if such
elements were allowed to contain ANYOF and ALLOF elements. However
short-circuit evaluation could help speed things up.

There is a trade-off to be made between policy complexity and
execution speed. However, processing spam wastes plenty of CPU cycles
already, so some short-term pain should pay off in the end. (I'd hate
to see us define a hopelessly weak language just for fear of actually
doing some up-front work.)

OK, now onto ACTIONs. In Sieve there are options to:
 - bounce the message back with an error e-mail

 - store the message in a specific mailbox folder - not
   really meaningful outside of a MUA ("fileinto")

 - forward the message elsewhere, subject to loop detection
   ("redirect")

 - allow the message to be delivered ("keep")

 - silently delete the message with no bounce ("discard")

Aside from "fileinto" (which is aimed just at MUAs) all of these
actions could be implemented in either MTAs or MUAs. I would
therefore propose that all of those actions are required to be
implemented for compliance. Thus all of the following actions
could be perfectly valid in the <RESPONSES> as "well known"
actions:

  <ACTION id="Keep" />
  <ACTION id="Discard" />
  <ACTION id="Bounce" />
  <ACTION id="Redirect">targetaddress@example.com</ACTION>

In the case of Bounce some more work is needed because one
might want to specify why the message is being bounced.

For example, even if the sender is whitelisted as being on my
list of friends (according to, say, some Choicelist or CRI test)
I might still want to reject executable attachments from them
and auto-send them a polite message to explain why I don't accept
those.

A crude example policy might be something like:

  <POLICY name="Politely bounce executables from friends">
    <CONDITIONS>
      <ALLOF>
        <ANYOF>
          <TEST id="SenderIsChoicelisted" />
          <TEST id="SenderIsCRI" />
        </ANYOF>

        <TEST id="HasExecutableAttachment" />
      </ALLOF>
    </CONDITIONS>

    <RESPONSES>
      <ACTION id="Bounce">
         Hi, thanks for your message. Unfortunately I don't accept
         program file attachments due to the risk of spreading 
         computer viruses. Please contact me if you need more
         information.
      </ACTION>
    </RESPONSES>
  </POLICY>

We've not discussed any tests for attachments yet but I think it
would be valuable to do so. For now I'll assume such a test exists.

In the case of anyone who didn't fulfill the criterion of being one
of my friends I'd probably just silently delete the message using a
policy like this:

  <POLICY name="Delete executables from unknown people">
    <CONDITIONS>
      <ALLOF>
        <TEST id="SenderIsUnknown" />
        <TEST id="HasExecutableAttachment" />
      </ALLOF>
    </CONDITIONS>

    <RESPONSES>
      <ACTION id="Discard" />
    </RESPONSES>
  </POLICY>

Thus random spammers would have no definite proof of my account being
valid. This would be my personal preference, although I'm not 
suggesting it should be done this way for anyone else. I just want a
CPDL which is expressive enough for people to put in place whatever
policy suits them.

I will later on propose some additional tests for:
 - checking attachment details
 - checking message sizes
 - checking for the presence of specific types of HTML content
   (e.g. Javascript, OBJECT embedding, invalid tags etc.)

There is the possibility of actions to strip certain types of 
attachment out of a message and deliver the messsage in a modified
form without those attachments. I believe this is what some mail
gateway systems do anyway, but it would be nice to standardise that
somewhat.

Also there could be actions to issue specific 4xx or 5xx errors
during the SMTP transaction: might be helpful for MTAs. There are
problems with fitting that approach into this model, but I'll get
to those issues later.

For now I'd like to get some comments before going on further.

Thanks for reading this far...

Andrew

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To: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>
From: Brad Knowles <brad.knowles@skynet.be>
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        Hector Santos <winserver.support@winserver.com>,
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Subject: [Asrg] Re: 7. BCP - Mail Administrators - rDNS (was RE: [Asrg]
 0. General  -  Administrative - for M. Wild)
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Date: Sat, 30 Aug 2003 17:44:54 +0200

At 3:03 PM -0400 2003/08/29, Yakov Shafranovich wrote:

>  So what should we suggest as part of the BCPs?

	I believe that we should document the kinds of things that could 
be done, discuss the advantages and disadvantages of each method, and 
then make some recommendations towards the end.

	However, I believe that any set of recommendations would have to 
include the strongly encouraged use of a multivariate scoring system, 
such as currently used today in tools like SpamAssasin, plus 
recommendations for relative values for each of the criteria to be 
judged.


	But that's just my personal view.  I am a strong proponent of 
basing things like this on consensus, and we would have to see what 
the other members of the BCP subgroup have to say.

-- 
Brad Knowles, <brad.knowles@skynet.be>

"They that can give up essential liberty to obtain a little temporary
safety deserve neither liberty nor safety."
     -Benjamin Franklin, Historical Review of Pennsylvania.

GCS/IT d+(-) s:+(++)>: a C++(+++)$ UMBSHI++++$ P+>++ L+ !E-(---) W+++(--) N+
!w--- O- M++ V PS++(+++) PE- Y+(++) PGP>+++ t+(+++) 5++(+++) X++(+++) R+(+++)
tv+(+++) b+(++++) DI+(++++) D+(++) G+(++++) e++>++++ h--- r---(+++)* z(+++)

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To: Steven F Siirila <sfs@tc.umn.edu>
From: Brad Knowles <brad.knowles@skynet.be>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 0. General - Administrative - for M. Wild
Cc: Bob Atkinson <bobatk@exchange.microsoft.com>,
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Date: Sat, 30 Aug 2003 17:55:24 +0200

At 5:55 PM -0500 2003/08/29, Steven F Siirila wrote:

>  Ideally, MTA's would identify themselves as such.  For example:
>
>  mta5.exchange.microsoft.com	TXT	"ID=MTA,ABUSE=abuse@microsoft.com"
>
>  (or whatever format makes the most sense)
>
>  I suppose the same could be done using just the reversed IP address, e.g.:
>
>  3.2.1.10			TXT	"ID=MTA,ABUSE=abuse@microsoft.com"

	I think we can take the previous example of WKS records, and the 
current example of PTR records, as predictors of accuracy and success 
of this concept.  In short, I don't see where this is going to work.

	If you're a spammer, and you own your own domain (as so many do), 
you can create your own DNS records, so that you can by-pass checks 
like this.  Indeed, many spammers register domains, spam from them 
for hours or maybe a few days, and then throw them away.  You'd be 
causing legitimate senders to jump through additional hoops to send 
you e-mail, but since spammers adapt very quickly, you wouldn't 
really be hurting most of them.

	If you were using forward records, you wouldn't even slow down 
people using viraspam-based distributed spam networks (e.g., those 
created by a more sophisticated and less obtrusive version of 
SoBig.F), because you could just list wildcard records in the DNS, 
and anyone from any IP address could make an apparently valid claim 
that they should be allowed to send e-mail through this mechanism.


	The situation for reverse DNS is even worse.


	I see similar problems for RMX-like proposals.

-- 
Brad Knowles, <brad.knowles@skynet.be>

"They that can give up essential liberty to obtain a little temporary
safety deserve neither liberty nor safety."
     -Benjamin Franklin, Historical Review of Pennsylvania.

GCS/IT d+(-) s:+(++)>: a C++(+++)$ UMBSHI++++$ P+>++ L+ !E-(---) W+++(--) N+
!w--- O- M++ V PS++(+++) PE- Y+(++) PGP>+++ t+(+++) 5++(+++) X++(+++) R+(+++)
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To: Richard Rognlie <rrognlie@gamerz.net>
From: Brad Knowles <brad.knowles@skynet.be>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 0. General - Administrative - for M. Wild
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Date: Sat, 30 Aug 2003 18:03:05 +0200

At 10:40 PM -0400 2003/08/29, Richard Rognlie wrote:

>  If a host does not identify itself, I don't want it's mail.  RFC2821
>  clearly says that it should identify itself with its FQDN.  so the
>  lack of a '.' in the HELO argument is enough to cause a rejection
>  (if I wanted).

	You can do whatever you want for your own e-mail.  However, we 
are not here to discuss solutions that individuals can apply to their 
own mail systems.  We are here to discuss solutions that we can 
recommend to everybody else in the world should apply to their e-mail.

	As such, we can be as draconian as we want with our own e-mail, 
but our recommendations as to what others should do must be much more 
conservative.

>  Right.   The only problem I can envision is if you're behind a NAT,
>  and you claim to be 192.168.x.y.  *why* you;d claim that instead of the
>  IP of the NAT... or better the hostname that the NAT represents...
>  I have no idea...   Besides... shouldn't NATed boxes send mail to their
>  *local* outbound MTAs first?   So, you know what...?  I don't care.

	Feel free to block whatever you want.  But don't expect us to 
take your own personal restrictive policies and recommend that others 
also implement them, or be forced to implement them.

>  The DRIP milter   ftp://ftp.gamerz.net/pub/dripmilter.pl
>
>  has been tweaked to think that non-FQDNs (that do not match after
>  even doing a resolv.conf "search") or IPs (that mismatch) are
>  enough cause to FAIL the DRIP test.

	If you want to run an ISP or business this way, all I can do is quote:

		"I invite my competitors to design their networks this way"
			-Randy Bush

-- 
Brad Knowles, <brad.knowles@skynet.be>

"They that can give up essential liberty to obtain a little temporary
safety deserve neither liberty nor safety."
     -Benjamin Franklin, Historical Review of Pennsylvania.

GCS/IT d+(-) s:+(++)>: a C++(+++)$ UMBSHI++++$ P+>++ L+ !E-(---) W+++(--) N+
!w--- O- M++ V PS++(+++) PE- Y+(++) PGP>+++ t+(+++) 5++(+++) X++(+++) R+(+++)
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To: "Peter J. Holzer" <hjp-asrg@hjp.at>
From: Brad Knowles <brad.knowles@skynet.be>
Subject: Re: 7. BCP - Mail Administrators: Checking HELO (was:
 [Asrg] 0. General - Administrative - for M. Wild)
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Date: Sat, 30 Aug 2003 17:38:50 +0200

At 5:34 PM +0200 2003/08/29, Peter J. Holzer wrote:

>  1) Formal correctness.
>
>      RFC 2821 specifies that the parameter must be an FQDN or an address
>      literal. So you can check against regexps or a grammar.
>
>      This will disallow unqualified host names and random garbage.
>      Unqualified host names are often (legitimately) used by broken MUAs.
>      I think I have also seen it from misconfigured Exchange servers.
>      Some viruses/worms (Sobig) and some spammer software also uses 
>unqualified
>      host names - this would be blocked.

	Many hosts in the world are configured (misconfigured?) to have 
unqualified hostnames.  Some sites even have an explicit policy that 
all hostnames will be unqualified.

>  2) Check whether the parameter corresponds to the sender IP address.
>      I.e., if the parameter is an FQDN, look up its A record(s) and
>      compare to the sender IP, if it is an address literal, compare it to
>      the sender IP.
>
>      This would in addition catch all the software which lies about its
>      own address. Examples are again MUAs (at least some use either the
>      server address or the domain name of the sender) and lots of spammer
>      software which sends "HELO yahoo.com" or similar.

	I have over a dozen different e-mail addresses that I use.  Only 
one of them might potentially correspond to the server that I use 
over an ssh tunnel as my outbound mail relay.

	If I were to host my own outbound mail relay here in the house, 
because I am behind a NAT you might see my server identify itself as 
10.0.1.5, when the real external IP address is something completely 
different.

>  3) Require the parameter to be an FQDN and check whether its A record
>     matches the sender IP.
>
>      This will additionally block all senders which don't have an FQDN or
>      don't know it (which currently seems to be true for a lot of open
>      proxies, but may change quickly).

	This would require a change to RFC 2821.  Moreover, it would 
break anyone who has an IP address assigned to them (maybe in PI 
space), but does not necessarily have an FQDN.  See above items 1 & 2.

>  4) Require the parameter to be an FQDN and check whether the PTR record
>     of the sender IP matches the parameter.
>
>      This will block all addresses for which rDNS isn't available, and
>      those for which rDNS gives a different name than the "canonical"
>      name of the host. This includes lots of cable/dsl customers.

	And lots of customers or service providers that run their own 
mail servers on valid public IP space, but who don't properly 
understand the concept of reverse DNS or how to implement it properly.

	I'm perfectly happy to mention names of specific individuals 
and/or providers that I have personally encountered, if anyone wants. 
I'd prefer to keep this discussion above the level of name-calling, 
however.

>  I also think that rejecting mail because it fails a single test (like no
>  rDNS record or being listed in a single BL) is not good practice (I am
>  still guilty of that, because that's how sendmail handles BLs, but I am
>  trying to move to more robust schemes without a single point of
>  failure).

	Agreed.  A multivariate analysis should be applied before taking 
such a decision.

>  So for a BCP document I would recommend:
>
>  1) Combine different tests (for example by summing scores like
>     SpamAssassin does) and reject only if some threshold is exceeded.

	Agreed.

>  2) Of the 4 tests I outlined, give the first 3 a high score, and the
>     fourth a low to medium score.

	The benefits and drawbacks of each specific criteria should be 
discussed, with recommendations for higher or lower score values, 
based on expected probability of occurrence and probabilities and 
costs of false positive and false negative matches.

-- 
Brad Knowles, <brad.knowles@skynet.be>

"They that can give up essential liberty to obtain a little temporary
safety deserve neither liberty nor safety."
     -Benjamin Franklin, Historical Review of Pennsylvania.

GCS/IT d+(-) s:+(++)>: a C++(+++)$ UMBSHI++++$ P+>++ L+ !E-(---) W+++(--) N+
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From: "Peter J. Holzer" <hjp-asrg@hjp.at>
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Subject: Re: 7. BCP - Mail Administrators: Checking HELO (was: [Asrg] 0. General - Administrative - for M. Wild)
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Date: Sat, 30 Aug 2003 23:19:28 +0200


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On 2003-08-30 17:38:50 +0200, Brad Knowles wrote:
> At 5:34 PM +0200 2003/08/29, Peter J. Holzer wrote:
>=20
> > 1) Formal correctness.
> >
> >     RFC 2821 specifies that the parameter must be an FQDN or an address
> >     literal. So you can check against regexps or a grammar.
> >
> >     This will disallow unqualified host names and random garbage.
> >     Unqualified host names are often (legitimately) used by broken MUAs.
> >     I think I have also seen it from misconfigured Exchange servers.
> >     Some viruses/worms (Sobig) and some spammer software also uses=20
> >unqualified
> >     host names - this would be blocked.
>=20
> 	Many hosts in the world are configured (misconfigured?) to have=20
> unqualified hostnames.  Some sites even have an explicit policy that=20
> all hostnames will be unqualified.

The name sent in the HELO parameter is not necessarily the same as the
one returned by the "hostname" command (or equivalent). A mail server
may have a hostname of "rumpelstilzchen" and still identify itself as
"mail-out.example.com" in the HELO command.

RFC 2821 requires the parameter to be either an FQDN or an address
literal. A client which sends an unqualified hostname is in violation of
the RFC without any good reason. (broken software and lazy
administrators are not good reasons, IMHO)

(Please note that I'm talking about servers sending to other servers
over the internet. User agents talking to their servers or one
department's server talking to another within a corporation's intranet
are out if scope of this group IMHO).


> > 2) Check whether the parameter corresponds to the sender IP address.
> >     I.e., if the parameter is an FQDN, look up its A record(s) and
> >     compare to the sender IP, if it is an address literal, compare it to
> >     the sender IP.
> >
> >     This would in addition catch all the software which lies about its
> >     own address. Examples are again MUAs (at least some use either the
> >     server address or the domain name of the sender) and lots of spammer
> >     software which sends "HELO yahoo.com" or similar.
>=20
> 	I have over a dozen different e-mail addresses that I use.  Only=20
> one of them might potentially correspond to the server that I use=20
> over an ssh tunnel as my outbound mail relay.

I wasn't talking about mail addresses, but about IP adresses.


> 	If I were to host my own outbound mail relay here in the house,=20
> because I am behind a NAT you might see my server identify itself as=20
> 10.0.1.5, when the real external IP address is something completely=20
> different.

Any reason why it must identify itself as [10.0.1.5]? Why not with the
external IP address or as bradknowles.dyndns.net?=20

> > 3) Require the parameter to be an FQDN and check whether its A record
> >    matches the sender IP.
> >
> >     This will additionally block all senders which don't have an FQDN or
> >     don't know it (which currently seems to be true for a lot of open
> >     proxies, but may change quickly).
>=20
> 	This would require a change to RFC 2821.=20

That would be nice, but it's not required. We are working on a BCP for
mail administrators here, not on a technical specification for the SMTP
protocol.=20

So we can recommend that a sending MTA SHOULD always send an FQDN which
resolves to its IP address, because a server MAY interprete a failure to
do so as an indication that the sender is not a properly configured MTA
and reject mails while RFC 2821 can still allow address literals for
situations where they are appropriate.


> Moreover, it would=20
> break anyone who has an IP address assigned to them (maybe in PI=20
> space), but does not necessarily have an FQDN.  See above items 1 & 2.

You can get an FQDN for free in a few minutes. If want to run a properly
configured mail server that is the least of you worries.

(Of course this is also true for spammers - they might adapt quickly if
people start to check helo parameters)

> > 4) Require the parameter to be an FQDN and check whether the PTR record
> >    of the sender IP matches the parameter.
> >
> >     This will block all addresses for which rDNS isn't available, and
> >     those for which rDNS gives a different name than the "canonical"
> >     name of the host. This includes lots of cable/dsl customers.
>=20
> 	And lots of customers or service providers that run their own=20
> mail servers on valid public IP space, but who don't properly=20
> understand the concept of reverse DNS or how to implement it properly.

One could argue that if they don't understand DNS, they shouldn't run a
mail server. In fact that was the reasoning behind the rDNS checks in
Klaus Assmann's anti-spam hacks for sendmail: If they can't even get DNS
right, how can you expect them to close an open relay (which wasn't easy
at that time)?

I specifically mentioned cable/dsl customers because lack of
understanding isn't their problem. They cannot set up rDNS themselves
because they don't own their namespace in in-addr.arpa. and can't buy it
(unlike a domain name). Changing to a provider which does offer a fixed
IP address and rDNS entries or even delegation for sub-/24 nets (as in
RFC 2317 or similar) is often not possible (there may not be one in your
area, or it may be prohitively expensive).


> > So for a BCP document I would recommend:
> >
> > 1) Combine different tests (for example by summing scores like
> >    SpamAssassin does) and reject only if some threshold is exceeded.
>=20
> 	Agreed.
>=20
> > 2) Of the 4 tests I outlined, give the first 3 a high score, and the
> >    fourth a low to medium score.
>=20
> 	The benefits and drawbacks of each specific criteria should be=20
> discussed, with recommendations for higher or lower score values,=20
> based on expected probability of occurrence and probabilities and=20
> costs of false positive and false negative matches.

Agreed. My (entirely subjective) recommendation was based on the log
files of my private server and from looking at Received headers of many
spam- and non-spam messages (usually for other reasons). I don't have
hard figures at this time, only a gut feeling. I plan to switch to
qpsmtpd at the WSR next week, which will write the complete SMTP
conversation (except the contents of the mail, of course) to a log file,
so I will have a bit better statistics in a few weeks. (still only for
about 150 users or so - the results of a large ISP would be
interesting).

	hp

--=20
   _  | Peter J. Holzer    | Humor ohne Emoticons ist trockener Humor.
|_|_) | Sysadmin WSR       |=20
| |   | hjp@hjp.at         |	-- Toni Grass in aip
__/   | http://www.hjp.at/ |

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To: Richard Rognlie <rrognlie@gamerz.net>
From: Brad Knowles <brad.knowles@skynet.be>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 0. General - Administrative - for M. Wild
Cc: Scott Nelson <scott@spamwolf.com>, asrg@ietf.org
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Date: Sat, 30 Aug 2003 22:25:31 +0200

At 9:42 AM -0400 2003/08/30, Richard Rognlie wrote:

>  It's no worse than listening to a DUL RBL.  If you don't know
>  the IP you are connecting through, I don't want to talk to you.
>  I want to speak to *well behaved* MTAs.   If you're behind a NAT,
>  talk to your local provider's MTA.

	This doesn't work if people start adopting RMX-like solutions, 
and I have a dozen e-mail addresses.  Or .forwards.  Or 
/etc/alias-based mailing lists.  Or other reasons for attempting to 
use legitimate third-party relays.

>  e.g.  my personal mail server recently ran afoul of rr.com anti-spam
>  efforts.  it seems someone on the /24 where my boxes reside sent a bunch
>  of bad email to rr.com, so they blocked the whole /24, not just the
>  single IP... their servers, their rules...  but I was able to route
>  rr.com mail through my ISPs mail servers until the block was lifted.

	How many people have the knowledge and skills necessary to do 
this sort of thing?

>  We'll see how many complain about what's in place now.  I don't
>  think I'm being draconian.  Just asking that people run their
>  own services well.

	But how many complaints are you not getting?  For example, I 
don't ever talk to anyone who uses a TMDA/ASK-like system, not even 
to complain about their anti-spam measures.

-- 
Brad Knowles, <brad.knowles@skynet.be>

"They that can give up essential liberty to obtain a little temporary
safety deserve neither liberty nor safety."
     -Benjamin Franklin, Historical Review of Pennsylvania.

GCS/IT d+(-) s:+(++)>: a C++(+++)$ UMBSHI++++$ P+>++ L+ !E-(---) W+++(--) N+
!w--- O- M++ V PS++(+++) PE- Y+(++) PGP>+++ t+(+++) 5++(+++) X++(+++) R+(+++)
tv+(+++) b+(++++) DI+(++++) D+(++) G+(++++) e++>++++ h--- r---(+++)* z(+++)

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To: ASRG list <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 4. Consent Framework  - General
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Date: Sat, 30 Aug 2003 17:12:51 -0400

On Fri, Aug 29, 2003 at 01:11:02PM -0600, John Fenley wrote
> From: "Bart Schaefer" <schaefer@brasslantern.com>
> 
> >How would Choicelist or a similar scheme handle mailing lists that use
> >VERPs?  Specifically those where the VERP token is regenerated at every
> >list delivery and hence differs even for the same recipient?  (I believe
> >Yahoo! Groups has this behavior, for example, though I haven't checked
> >recently.)
> 
> Just to clarify, were you talking about Variable Envelope Return Paths?
> That is a dilema. On the one hand that sort of dynamic address creation has 
> valid uses, but on the other hand that makes it impossible to verify each 
> address (a requirement for creation of a choicelist entry).
> 
> In this sort of special case it may be necisary to add a Choicelist header 
> pointing an entry with a wildcard description of the sending addresses that 
> will be used (without a header address based lookup might fail), as well as 
> a mandatory authentication mechanism (without authentication a header would 
> allow anyone to specify unsecured ids). Then there would have to be some 
> sort of proof that the person creating the entry was authorised to use all 
> of those addresses.

  I use an ISP whose blocking occurs after RCPT:, but before DATA:.
This precludes the use of X-Headers.  I whitelist the rDNS of the
sending MTA.  For instance, I subscribe to a Yahoo mailing list.  The
line...

PIACCEPTTAIL grp.scd.yahoo.com

in my ruleset accepts email from machines whose rDNS ends in the string
grp.scd.yahoo.com

-- 
Walter Dnes <waltdnes@waltdnes.org>
Email users are divided into two classes;
1) Those who have effective spam-blocking
2) Those who wish they did

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From: Richard Rognlie <rrognlie@gamerz.net>
To: Brad Knowles <brad.knowles@skynet.be>
Cc: Scott Nelson <scott@spamwolf.com>, asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 0. General - Administrative - for M. Wild
Message-ID: <20030830234602.GJ28547@gamerz.net>
References: <aT5vaIe86J8qbrJ0f02@x> <20030830134243.GQ28547@gamerz.net> <a06001a88bb76b751470d@[10.0.1.2]>
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Date: Sat, 30 Aug 2003 19:46:02 -0400

On Sat, Aug 30, 2003 at 10:25:31PM +0200, Brad Knowles wrote:
> At 9:42 AM -0400 2003/08/30, Richard Rognlie wrote:
> 
> > It's no worse than listening to a DUL RBL.  If you don't know
> > the IP you are connecting through, I don't want to talk to you.
> > I want to speak to *well behaved* MTAs.   If you're behind a NAT,
> > talk to your local provider's MTA.
> 
> 	This doesn't work if people start adopting RMX-like solutions, 
> and I have a dozen e-mail addresses.  Or .forwards.  Or 
> /etc/alias-based mailing lists.  Or other reasons for attempting to 
> use legitimate third-party relays.

My measure has nothing to do with email addresses.  Only the HELO/EHLO
argument.   I'm asking that if you are not going to conform to the 
standards of the net, please relay your mail through a host that does
and does not mind you not doing so (use your local ISP's mail server
as a smart host)

I did discover my NAT/router was getting blocked by the filter when it
tried to send me alerts ( ... "hey!   here's a spoofing attempt from
IP x.y.z.t on the WAN" ... )  So I added that IP to the exemption list
for the drip milter  (-x xx.yy.zz.tt/32).  

> > e.g.  my personal mail server recently ran afoul of rr.com anti-spam
> > efforts.  it seems someone on the /24 where my boxes reside sent a bunch
> > of bad email to rr.com, so they blocked the whole /24, not just the
> > single IP... their servers, their rules...  but I was able to route
> > rr.com mail through my ISPs mail servers until the block was lifted.
> 
> 	How many people have the knowledge and skills necessary to do 
> this sort of thing?

True.  I'm a bit of a sendmail snob, but that's mostly because I can
beat it into submission (regardless of what that stupidity I need to
make it do... can you say "99 bottles of beer" in .cf?   I can... 8^)

> > We'll see how many complain about what's in place now.  I don't
> > think I'm being draconian.  Just asking that people run their
> > own services well.
> 
> 	But how many complaints are you not getting?  For example, I 
> don't ever talk to anyone who uses a TMDA/ASK-like system, not even 
> to complain about their anti-spam measures.

For now, I'm still getting all the mail being submitted to me by
"real" MTAs (as opposed to spamware/malware).  That's due to my
dripmilter returning the error on the MAIL FROM:, not the RCPT TO:.

So, the mail fails over to my backup MS host...  And I'm seeing a
LOT more mail coming from him that I used to.

The proof in the pudding is to count how much "legitimate" mail is 
how showing that host in the Received headers.

(Just what I need... another task to do...)

-- 
 /  \__  | Richard Rognlie / Oracle Prophet / Gamerz.NET Lackey
 \__/  \ | http://www.gamerz.net/rrognlie/    <rrognlie@gamerz.net>
 /  \__/ | I can only please 1 person per day.  Today is not your day.
 \__/    | Tomorrow doesn't look good either.


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To: "Peter J. Holzer" <hjp-asrg@hjp.at>
From: Brad Knowles <brad.knowles@skynet.be>
Subject: Re: 7. BCP - Mail Administrators: Checking HELO (was:
 [Asrg] 0. General - Administrative - for M. Wild)
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Date: Sun, 31 Aug 2003 02:09:34 +0200

At 11:19 PM +0200 2003/08/30, Peter J. Holzer wrote:

>  RFC 2821 requires the parameter to be either an FQDN or an address
>  literal. A client which sends an unqualified hostname is in violation of
>  the RFC without any good reason. (broken software and lazy
>  administrators are not good reasons, IMHO)

	I don't see this requirement in 2821:

4.1.1.1  Extended HELLO (EHLO) or HELLO (HELO)

    These commands are used to identify the SMTP client to the SMTP
    server.  The argument field contains the fully-qualified domain name
    of the SMTP client if one is available.  In situations in which the
    SMTP client system does not have a meaningful domain name (e.g., when
    its address is dynamically allocated and no reverse mapping record is
    available), the client SHOULD send an address literal (see section
    4.1.3), optionally followed by information that will help to identify
    the client system.  y The SMTP server identifies itself to the SMTP
    client in the connection greeting reply and in the response to this
    command.


	Note the qualification of "if one is available."  Also note that 
there is no MUST assigned to this usage.  The client SHOULD otherwise 
use the IP address literal, but again this is not a requirement.  The 
address literal is defined in section 4.1.3:

4.1.3 Address Literals

    Sometimes a host is not known to the domain name system and
    communication (and, in particular, communication to report and repair
    the error) is blocked.  To bypass this barrier a special literal form
    of the address is allowed as an alternative to a domain name.  For
    IPv4 addresses, this form uses four small decimal integers separated
    by dots and enclosed by brackets such as [123.255.37.2], which
    indicates an (IPv4) Internet Address in sequence-of-octets form.


	Note that the RFC explicitly states that the IPv4 address should 
be in square brackets.  Which is precisely the kind of behaviour that 
I believe you said that you were refusing.

>  Any reason why it must identify itself as [10.0.1.5]? Why not with the
>  external IP address or as bradknowles.dyndns.net?

	If it's behind a NAT, how would it know the external DNS name? 
If that IP address on the NAT device is dynamically assigned and the 
machine is not an intelligent host running software capable of 
updating a dynamic DNS record (as 99.999% of all NAT/router devices 
are almost certainly going to be), then how would the internal host 
know what this external DNS name is?

>  That would be nice, but it's not required. We are working on a BCP for
>  mail administrators here, not on a technical specification for the SMTP
>  protocol.

	You are correct, we are working on a BCP, and we can go beyond 
the recommendations in the RFCs.

>  You can get an FQDN for free in a few minutes. If want to run a properly
>  configured mail server that is the least of you worries.
>
>  (Of course this is also true for spammers - they might adapt quickly if
>  people start to check helo parameters)

	Indeed, a lot of spammers do already register valid domains, then 
throw them away in hours or days, after they are done using them.

>  One could argue that if they don't understand DNS, they shouldn't run a
>  mail server.

	I would like to be able to make such an argument.  I really 
would.  Indeed, I could even see making such an argument part of a 
BCP, but only if the recommended practice did *NOT* involve rejecting 
the connection outright just because they did not have reverse DNS 
properly configured.

>                In fact that was the reasoning behind the rDNS checks in
>  Klaus Assmann's anti-spam hacks for sendmail

	And that's precisely the sort of thing that I believe we should 
recommend against.

	I know, I know.  I used to do it myself.  But my views have 
recently changed.

>                                                         (still only for
>  about 150 users or so - the results of a large ISP would be
>  interesting).

	My subjective views have been based on my experience as the Sr. 
Internet Mail Administrator for AOL from '95-97 (up to five million 
users), and the Sr. Systems Architect for Belgacom Skynet from 
'98-2001 (peak of ~one million users).

	I'm not sure if we've got anyone on the list with current 
experience and access to log data from such large ISPs, but I do know 
that we have some people on the list with current experience and 
access to log data from ISPs in the six-figure range.  I would be 
very interested to see their data.

-- 
Brad Knowles, <brad.knowles@skynet.be>

"They that can give up essential liberty to obtain a little temporary
safety deserve neither liberty nor safety."
     -Benjamin Franklin, Historical Review of Pennsylvania.

GCS/IT d+(-) s:+(++)>: a C++(+++)$ UMBSHI++++$ P+>++ L+ !E-(---) W+++(--) N+
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To: Richard Rognlie <rrognlie@gamerz.net>
From: Brad Knowles <brad.knowles@skynet.be>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 0. General - Administrative - for M. Wild
Cc: Brad Knowles <brad.knowles@skynet.be>, Scott Nelson <scott@spamwolf.com>,
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Date: Sun, 31 Aug 2003 02:18:56 +0200

At 7:46 PM -0400 2003/08/30, Richard Rognlie wrote:

>  My measure has nothing to do with email addresses.  Only the HELO/EHLO
>  argument.   I'm asking that if you are not going to conform to the
>  standards of the net, please relay your mail through a host that does
>  and does not mind you not doing so (use your local ISP's mail server
>  as a smart host)

	Right, but if lots of people use RMX-type solutions, then my ISPs 
mail server is almost certainly not going to be on the list of 
"approved" sending mail relays for most of those domains.  So, I have 
to use different mail relays, one for each domain that I send e-mail 
from.  Moreover, each of those has to be configured with SMTPAUTH, 
TLSSMTP, POP-before-SMTP, or whatever.

	And all of that still breaks with /etc/alias-based mailing lists 
and .forwards (or alias-based forwarding).

>>  	How many people have the knowledge and skills necessary to do
>>  this sort of thing?
>
>  True.  I'm a bit of a sendmail snob, but that's mostly because I can
>  beat it into submission (regardless of what that stupidity I need to
>  make it do... can you say "99 bottles of beer" in .cf?   I can... 8^)

	I've been a bit of a sendmail snob since ~'91-'92, when I was 
forced to learn it based on the only published material available at 
the time, which was a single chapter in Craig Hunt's book _TCP/IP 
Network Administration_.  I've been a fan of postfix since early '98, 
back when Wietse was still calling it VMailer.

	But I still see serious problems with recommending this type of 
solution to anyone outside that rarified type of atmosphere.  If you 
haven't written your own sendmail.cf or your own anti-spam m4 macros 
and submitted them to Eric/Greg/John (back before Klaus was on the 
scene), what are your odds?

>  So, the mail fails over to my backup MS host...  And I'm seeing a
>  LOT more mail coming from him that I used to.

	Lots of spammers don't bother trying to send directly to the 
primary MX.  They automatically assume that many sites will do what 
you have done, where you protect the primary MX more than you do any 
of your others, and will automatically contact them first.

	This is a trick they were using back in '95-97, when I was 
hip-deep in this stuff at AOL.

-- 
Brad Knowles, <brad.knowles@skynet.be>

"They that can give up essential liberty to obtain a little temporary
safety deserve neither liberty nor safety."
     -Benjamin Franklin, Historical Review of Pennsylvania.

GCS/IT d+(-) s:+(++)>: a C++(+++)$ UMBSHI++++$ P+>++ L+ !E-(---) W+++(--) N+
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From: Steven F Siirila <sfs@tc.umn.edu>
To: Brad Knowles <brad.knowles@skynet.be>
Cc: Steven F Siirila <sfs@tc.umn.edu>,
        Bob Atkinson <bobatk@exchange.microsoft.com>,
        Hector Santos <winserver.support@winserver.com>,
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] 0. General - Administrative - for M. Wild
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On Sat, Aug 30, 2003 at 05:55:24PM +0200, Brad Knowles wrote:
> At 5:55 PM -0500 2003/08/29, Steven F Siirila wrote:
> 
> > Ideally, MTA's would identify themselves as such.  For example:
> >
> > mta5.exchange.microsoft.com	TXT	"ID=MTA,ABUSE=abuse@microsoft.com"
> >
> > (or whatever format makes the most sense)
> >
> > I suppose the same could be done using just the reversed IP address, e.g.:
> >
> > 3.2.1.10			TXT	"ID=MTA,ABUSE=abuse@microsoft.com"
> 
> 	I think we can take the previous example of WKS records, and the 
> current example of PTR records, as predictors of accuracy and success 
> of this concept.  In short, I don't see where this is going to work.
> 
> 	If you're a spammer, and you own your own domain (as so many do), 
> you can create your own DNS records, so that you can by-pass checks 
> like this.  Indeed, many spammers register domains, spam from them 
> for hours or maybe a few days, and then throw them away.  You'd be 
> causing legitimate senders to jump through additional hoops to send 
> you e-mail, but since spammers adapt very quickly, you wouldn't 
> really be hurting most of them.

You missed the point.  Spammers do NOT control the DNS for trojanned PC's
and open proxies which appear to be our primary problem now.  Direct spammers
are the easiest ones to catch already; who cares if they want to better
identify themselves?

> 	If you were using forward records, you wouldn't even slow down 
> people using viraspam-based distributed spam networks (e.g., those 
> created by a more sophisticated and less obtrusive version of 
> SoBig.F), because you could just list wildcard records in the DNS, 
> and anyone from any IP address could make an apparently valid claim 
> that they should be allowed to send e-mail through this mechanism.

That is only true if you don't require rDNS in addition.  I'm not 100% sure
that everyone is going by the same definition of rDNS I am either.  By rDNS
I am strictly speaking of the connection IP address, it's associated PTR
record, and the A record of the name returned by the PTR.  Not the HELO.
Not the sender domain in MAIL FROM.  Both are easily forgeable.

> 	The situation for reverse DNS is even worse.

With rDNS I can at least be assured that the owner of the in-addr.arpa space
is the owner of the domain named in the PTR (or at least an agreement exists
between the two).  BTW, having this domain makes it easier to determine an
abuse address to send reports to, too.

> 	I see similar problems for RMX-like proposals.

We could never use RMX due to its tying in with the MAIL FROM domain.

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Subject: Re: 7. BCP - Mail Administrators: Checking HELO (was: [Asrg]  0.
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At 09:04 PM 8/30/2003, Steven F Siirila wrote:
>On Sun, Aug 31, 2003 at 02:09:34AM +0200, Brad Knowles wrote:
> >
> >       My subjective views have been based on my experience as the Sr.
> > Internet Mail Administrator for AOL from '95-97 (up to five million
> > users), and the Sr. Systems Architect for Belgacom Skynet from
> > '98-2001 (peak of ~one million users).
> >
> >       I'm not sure if we've got anyone on the list with current
> > experience and access to log data from such large ISPs, but I do know
> > that we have some people on the list with current experience and
> > access to log data from ISPs in the six-figure range.  I would be
> > very interested to see their data.
>
>We have seen about 1,200,000 different IP addresses connecting to us in the
>past six months and we block about 1,000,000 SMTP connections on our MX
>servers every week on average.  What other stats would be of interest?

This would also be relevant to the analysis area. We are definitely 
interested in all the data we can get. 


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To: Steven F Siirila <sfs@tc.umn.edu>
From: Brad Knowles <brad.knowles@skynet.be>
Subject: Re: 7. BCP - Mail Administrators: Checking HELO (was:
 [Asrg] 0. General - Administrative - for M. Wild)
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Date: Sun, 31 Aug 2003 03:49:24 +0200

At 8:04 PM -0500 2003/08/30, Steven F Siirila wrote:

>  We have seen about 1,200,000 different IP addresses connecting to us in the
>  past six months and we block about 1,000,000 SMTP connections on our MX
>  servers every week on average.  What other stats would be of interest?

	What's your breakdown of why those connections are blocked?  How 
many unique blocks are due to which blacklist?  How many unique 
blocks are from lack of rDNS?  How many unique blocks are there by 
domain-based blacklist?  How many unique blocks are there due to 
other techniques?

	I assume that once you have a positive response on one of those 
checks, you reject the connection and you don't bother trying the 
other checks as well.  Could you re-process your data to apply all 
checks to all IP address/envelope sender/recipient combinations, to 
see where certain blocks might overlap?

-- 
Brad Knowles, <brad.knowles@skynet.be>

"They that can give up essential liberty to obtain a little temporary
safety deserve neither liberty nor safety."
     -Benjamin Franklin, Historical Review of Pennsylvania.

GCS/IT d+(-) s:+(++)>: a C++(+++)$ UMBSHI++++$ P+>++ L+ !E-(---) W+++(--) N+
!w--- O- M++ V PS++(+++) PE- Y+(++) PGP>+++ t+(+++) 5++(+++) X++(+++) R+(+++)
tv+(+++) b+(++++) DI+(++++) D+(++) G+(++++) e++>++++ h--- r---(+++)* z(+++)

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To: Steven F Siirila <sfs@tc.umn.edu>
From: Brad Knowles <brad.knowles@skynet.be>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 0. General - Administrative - for M. Wild
Cc: Brad Knowles <brad.knowles@skynet.be>, Steven F Siirila <sfs@tc.umn.edu>,
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Date: Sun, 31 Aug 2003 03:46:44 +0200

At 7:58 PM -0500 2003/08/30, Steven F Siirila wrote:

>  You missed the point.  Spammers do NOT control the DNS for trojanned PC's
>  and open proxies which appear to be our primary problem now.  Direct spammers
>  are the easiest ones to catch already; who cares if they want to better
>  identify themselves?

	No, but they control their own DNS.  Depending on how this sort 
of system would be expected to work, anybody could claim to be an MTA 
in {HE|EH}LO, and when you look up the IP address under that domain, 
lo-and-behold you find that they are authorized to send mail on 
behalf of them -- through a wildcard that you know nothing about.

>  That is only true if you don't require rDNS in addition.  I'm not 100% sure
>  that everyone is going by the same definition of rDNS I am either.  By rDNS
>  I am strictly speaking of the connection IP address, it's associated PTR
>  record, and the A record of the name returned by the PTR.

	To make his work, you've got to handle the possibility of the PTR 
returning multiple names, and each name returning multiple IPs. 
You've got to follow that chain to it's complete logical conclusion.

	This can lead to its own form of DDoS attack on your servers.  In 
fact, all it takes is a slightly hacked nameserver which generates 
new records on the fly, and which returns two names for every IP 
address and two IP addresses for every name.  In short order, you're 
going to have more names and IP addresses to track than you have 
memory or disk space.

>  With rDNS I can at least be assured that the owner of the in-addr.arpa space
>  is the owner of the domain named in the PTR (or at least an agreement exists
>  between the two).  BTW, having this domain makes it easier to determine an
>  abuse address to send reports to, too.

	The rDNS chain gets broken far, far too often.  In most cases, 
the entity handing out the name has nothing to do with the entity 
owning the network space, and vice-versa.

	Moreover, you are dependant on the RIRs and LIRs doing their job. 
Until recently, RIPE was always backed up on getting rDNS delegations 
done, to the order of multiple years.  During the time I worked 
there, Skynet had applied for rDNS delegations for several netblocks 
that RIPE had issued to them in the recent past, and as of the time I 
left a couple of years later, they still hadn't been done.

	Then there are all the spammers operating out of stolen netblocks 
or netblocks that haven't been issued yet, and for which they 
convince some poor sod ISP to give them network connectivity.


	At best, rDNS checks might stop naieve open proxies and 
SoBig-like viraspam networks if they've infected machines that don't 
have reverse DNS set up, but it would also catch a lot of SOHO 
operators that have their own mail servers and have few options for 
upstream connectivity (among others).

-- 
Brad Knowles, <brad.knowles@skynet.be>

"They that can give up essential liberty to obtain a little temporary
safety deserve neither liberty nor safety."
     -Benjamin Franklin, Historical Review of Pennsylvania.

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From: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 2.a Greylisting stops 85% of spam.
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To: Scott Nelson <scott@spamwolf.com>, asrg@ietf.org
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I think we need to analyze the data statistically and see what it means.

At 11:29 PM 8/29/2003, Scott Nelson wrote:
>I recently ran a test of greylisting on some of my spamtrap addresses.
>
>Caveats: the addresses are presumed to only receive spam, so they
>are not a "random uncorrelated" sample, but it is hoped that the
>correlations do not contaminate the results.
>Any of those assumptions could be wrong, and the possibility that
>I've made some horrible error should not be discounted.
>
>I split 200 addresses into four group of 50 each,
>by sorting alphabetically, and then alternating down the list.
>I call them spam0, spam1, spam2 and spam3.
>
>For the first part of the test, (2003-07-13 23:59 to 2003-08-01 10:20)
>spam2 and spam3 were greylisting, spam0 and spam1 were not.
>In the second part, (2003-08-01 14:17 to 2003-08-21 09:32)
>spam2 and spam0 were greylisting, spam3 and spam1 were not.
>IOW, spam0 and spam3 changed, but spam1 and spam2 did not.
>
>Total RCPTs
>Spam0 - 310                          267
>Spam1 - 494                          366
>Spam2 - 1330                        1077
>Spam3 - 1900                        1113
>
>Emails accepted/unique senders emails accepted
>Spam0 - 310, 290                47,   25
>Spam1 - 494, 404               366,  297
>Spam2 - 268, 129               247,  122
>Spam3 - 120, 111              1113, 1068
>
>Total deferred
>spam0 - 0                            220
>spam1 - 0                              0
>spam2 - 1062                         830
>spam3 - 1780                           0
>
>
>
>***************
>Parsed results;
>Note that these addresses get considerably less spam than the
>"average" mailbox, and the numbers are relatively small,
>so the error margins are probably large.  Still, a good rule of
>thumb is +/- the square root of the number which translates
>to +/- 10% for these numbers.
>
>If we do /nothing/ but greylisting, it stops between 80-95%
>of all spam attempts.
>Blocking semi-legitimate mailing lists (for example, 
>equalamail.deliveroffers.com) increases this to 91-97%.
>
>I was originally concerned that there appeared to be a significant
>increase in the number of attempts, and that greylisting might
>not have been as effective in decreasing in /total/ spam volume
>as the numbers suggested.  There is an increase, but it's not
>as large as I first thought, and the increase is close to the
>expected error rate.  Even adjusting for this by assuming the worst,
>greylisting is still better than 75% effective.
>
>
>Scott Nelson <scott@spamwolf.com>
>
>
>_______________________________________________
>Asrg mailing list
>Asrg@ietf.org
>https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg


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From: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>
Subject: 6. Proposals - DNS-based - RMX (was Re: [Asrg] 0. General -
 Administrative - for M. Wild)
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First of all, please keep in mind the posting guidelines 
(http://www.irtf.org/asrg/asrg_mailing_list_information.htm) - change the 
subject when necessary. This would apply under RMX and related proposals in 
item #6.

Second, please take a look at the DNS-based proposals from the work item 
list 
(https://www1.ietf.org/mail-archive/working-groups/asrg/current/msg06938.html):

Designated Senders Protocol:  A Way to Identify Hosts Authorized to Send 
SMTP Traffic (http://www.pan-am.ca/draft-ietf-asrg-dsprotocol-00.txt)
Hadmut Denish's proposal 
(http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-danisch-dns-rr-smtp-02.txt)
DRIP proposal (not listed in the work item list yet)

Also, check the mailing list archive - there have been numerous discussions 
on DNS-based proposals and many of the things are being repeated again.

Yakov


At 09:46 PM 8/30/2003, Brad Knowles wrote:
>At 7:58 PM -0500 2003/08/30, Steven F Siirila wrote:
>
>>  You missed the point.  Spammers do NOT control the DNS for trojanned PC's
>>  and open proxies which appear to be our primary problem now.  Direct 
>> spammers
>>  are the easiest ones to catch already; who cares if they want to better
>>  identify themselves?
>
>         No, but they control their own DNS.  Depending on how this sort 
> of system would be expected to work, anybody could claim to be an MTA in 
> {HE|EH}LO, and when you look up the IP address under that domain, 
> lo-and-behold you find that they are authorized to send mail on behalf of 
> them -- through a wildcard that you know nothing about.
>
>>  That is only true if you don't require rDNS in addition.  I'm not 100% sure
>>  that everyone is going by the same definition of rDNS I am either.  By rDNS
>>  I am strictly speaking of the connection IP address, it's associated PTR
>>  record, and the A record of the name returned by the PTR.
>
>         To make his work, you've got to handle the possibility of the PTR 
> returning multiple names, and each name returning multiple IPs. You've 
> got to follow that chain to it's complete logical conclusion.
>
>         This can lead to its own form of DDoS attack on your servers.  In 
> fact, all it takes is a slightly hacked nameserver which generates new 
> records on the fly, and which returns two names for every IP address and 
> two IP addresses for every name.  In short order, you're going to have 
> more names and IP addresses to track than you have memory or disk space.
>
>>  With rDNS I can at least be assured that the owner of the in-addr.arpa 
>> space
>>  is the owner of the domain named in the PTR (or at least an agreement 
>> exists
>>  between the two).  BTW, having this domain makes it easier to determine an
>>  abuse address to send reports to, too.
>
>         The rDNS chain gets broken far, far too often.  In most cases, 
> the entity handing out the name has nothing to do with the entity owning 
> the network space, and vice-versa.
>
>         Moreover, you are dependant on the RIRs and LIRs doing their job. 
> Until recently, RIPE was always backed up on getting rDNS delegations 
> done, to the order of multiple years.  During the time I worked there, 
> Skynet had applied for rDNS delegations for several netblocks that RIPE 
> had issued to them in the recent past, and as of the time I left a couple 
> of years later, they still hadn't been done.
>
>         Then there are all the spammers operating out of stolen netblocks 
> or netblocks that haven't been issued yet, and for which they convince 
> some poor sod ISP to give them network connectivity.
>
>
>         At best, rDNS checks might stop naieve open proxies and 
> SoBig-like viraspam networks if they've infected machines that don't have 
> reverse DNS set up, but it would also catch a lot of SOHO operators that 
> have their own mail servers and have few options for upstream 
> connectivity (among others).
>
>--
>Brad Knowles, <brad.knowles@skynet.be>
>
>"They that can give up essential liberty to obtain a little temporary
>safety deserve neither liberty nor safety."
>     -Benjamin Franklin, Historical Review of Pennsylvania.
>
>GCS/IT d+(-) s:+(++)>: a C++(+++)$ UMBSHI++++$ P+>++ L+ !E-(---) W+++(--) N+
>!w--- O- M++ V PS++(+++) PE- Y+(++) PGP>+++ t+(+++) 5++(+++) X++(+++) R+(+++)
>tv+(+++) b+(++++) DI+(++++) D+(++) G+(++++) e++>++++ h--- r---(+++)* z(+++)
>
>_______________________________________________
>Asrg mailing list
>Asrg@ietf.org
>https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg


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