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From: Bart Schaefer <schaefer@brasslantern.com>
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Comments: In reply to "Eric S. Raymond" <esr@thyrsus.com>
        "Re: [Asrg] 0. General - anti-harvesting (was Inquiry about CallerID Verification)" (Nov 30, 11:11pm)
References: <010a01c3b70d$bc2c8d00$60c6d344@FAMILY> 
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To: ASRG <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 0. General - anti-harvesting (was Inquiry about CallerID Verification)
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Date: Mon, 1 Dec 2003 05:01:04 +0000

On Nov 30, 11:11pm, Eric S. Raymond wrote:
}
} Thus, RFC2822 does not mandate that the address be valid.  We are 
} referred to RFC 2821.  Section 4.1.1.4 reads:
} 
}    When the delivery SMTP server makes the "final delivery" of a
}    message, it inserts a return-path line at the beginning of the mail
}    data.  This use of return-path is required; mail systems MUST support
}    it.  The return-path line preserves the information in the <reverse-
}    path> from the MAIL command.
} 
} I read this to mean that the Return-Path must, if present, be a
} valid mailbox for a responsible person (note the MUST).

I read this to mean that the server is reqired to insert the return-path
field, regardless of its knowledge of the validity of the mailbox.

Suppose I send a message to you.  For whatever reason, it's queued at
my company SMTP server rather than delivered immediately to your MX.
While the message is in the queue, I have an argument with my CEO over
the interpretation of RFC2821, and he fires me.  The sysadmin immediately
disables my email account.

You're saying that its now an _SMTP protocol_ violation for the company
server to complete the process of delivering that queued message to you?

-- 
Bart Schaefer                                 Brass Lantern Enterprises
http://www.well.com/user/barts              http://www.brasslantern.com

Zsh: http://www.zsh.org | PHPerl Project: http://phperl.sourceforge.net   

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From: "Hector Santos" <winserver.support@winserver.com>
To: "Yakov Shafranovich" <research@solidmatrix.com>, "ASRG" <asrg@ietf.org>
Cc: "Dave Crocker" <dcrocker@brandenburg.com>,
        "Eric S. Raymond" <esr@thyrsus.com>
References:  <2A1D4C86842EE14CA9BC80474919782E0111322D@mou1wnexm02.vcorp.ad.vrsn.com> <c1e97a355b0e1a3d53a373400cb2817a3fc72e9b@mhs> <002001c3b59a$a9b07250$60c6d344@FAMILY> <006001c3b5a6$bc763d50$60c6d344@FAMILY> <3FC78DDB.6010105@solidmatrix.com> <003501c3b5ef$0d8d6f90$60c6d344@FAMILY> <3FC7B288.3080708@solidmatrix.com> <3FC8F64C.3080701@elvey.com> <003a01c3b6f2$6aaa4370$60c6d344@FAMILY> <3FC98542.4060403@solidmatrix.com> <010a01c3b70d$bc2c8d00$60c6d344@FAMILY> <3FC99586.3000701@solidmatrix.com> <015d01c3b71d$fc00c7b0$60c6d344@FAMILY> <3FC9B19B.8000201@solidmatrix.com> <001601c3b724$64015360$60c6d344@FAMILY> <1031130165110.ZM2870@candle.brasslantern.com> <010901c3b798$84c96910$60c6d344@FAMILY> <3FCA81B1.9080808@solidmatrix.com> <011301c3b7a1$818831b0$60c6d344@FAMILY> <3FCA9582.2080602@solidmatrix.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 0. General - anti-harvesting (was Inquiry about CallerID Verification)
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----- Original Message ----- 
From: "Yakov Shafranovich" <research@solidmatrix.com>
To: "ASRG" <asrg@ietf.org>
>
> Whether the RFCs require a valid return address, or not, in spirit or in
> letter of the law, is something Dave Crocker and Eric Raymond, and
> others, who worked on the original 821 and 2821 RFCs can tell us. But
> the fact today is that no one is expected to provide a valid address,
> and any system relying on this, will fail in some cases unless the
> existing RFCs are changed

Yakov,

The scattered RFC concepts related to the Return Path (RP) are very clear
about this.  In practice, all commercial vendors and legitimate mail sites
expect it to be valid because a high percentage of the mail
client/server/gateway software design is 100% purely based on its validity.

That has NOTHING to do with the fact that it could be invalid.  Yet, the
software is designed to handle this possibility as well.  In this case,  the
mail is dropped, logged, or whatever.    The design assumption is that it is
valid with a no brainer consideration that it it quite possible the
destination is not reachable.

This is just like snail mail.  An invalid return address on the paper
envelope stamped with "Return To sender" with a silly finger pointing to the
return address, will fail.  It happens.  But that does not mean, since it is
possible to be invalid,  it is therefore not required to be valid.  No,  it
is naturally assumed to be valid.

From a mail transport system standpoint, this is vitally important.

With delay validation or mail processing such as as gateway, i.e,  UUCP/SLIP
operations, etc,  in order for to properly support gateway and UUCP
operations,  the SMTP receiver must conform with the RFC by added the
"Return-Path:" line to the TOP of the DATA received for final destination
targets.

      RFC 1123 - Host Requirements

      5.2.8  DATA Command: RFC-821 Section 4.1.1
      ..
         When the receiver-SMTP makes "final delivery" of a message,
         then it MUST pass the MAIL FROM: address from the SMTP envelope
         with the message, for use if an error notification message must
         be sent later (see Section 5.3.3).  There is an analogous
         requirement when gatewaying from the Internet into a different
         mail environment; see Section 5.3.7.

If you don't do this,  your can break gateway operations, including  email
list servers, especially when there is a route involved.

Now the compliant GATEWAY has the support the "Return-Path:" header line in
order to provide a proper bounce path.   The logic in our gateway software
using this priority order to get the return path:

           RETURN PATH:
           SENDER:
           [ERROR-TO:]        (Mostly supported by ListServ, Wildcat)
           Reply-To:
           FROM:

This follows RFC 822:

           4.4.4.  AUTOMATIC USE OF FROM / SENDER / REPLY-TO

However, the legacy RFC 822 does not mention Return-Path.  This is covered
by RFC 1123, 5.2.8.

Please note:  that obtaining the Sender, From, etc, means that a MTA must
reach the DATA stage which again, in my view, is something you wish to AVOID
to address illegal access as a preliminary access check.

Again, the point is, it is EXPECTED to be there, it is expected to be valid.

Unreachable Return Path is a difference subject.  However, it is the subject
that the RFC needs to address in what is to be expected about a unreachable
return path.

In practice, it is handled as a BOUNCE concept and if a system fails to
deliver the BOUNCE, it is automatically blacklisted (at least in our
software it is).

Since a BOUNCE is a natural requirement to a mail server, therefore the
return path is expected to be valid, with logic to handle the failures.

> We understand that changes must be made. However, we need to justify
> these changes before imposing them on the entire Internet. For example,
> it is significantly more lightweight to verify domain/IP association via
> LMAP than do an RCPT TO callback.  Both your proposal and LMAP address
> the same problem - forgery of the MAIL FROM address, except LMAP focuses
> on verifying the domain, while you are verifying the actual address.
> What we need to determine, is why should we go through the burden of
> verifying the actual address, when for the purposes of reducing forgery,
> verifying the domain is sufficient?

OK. thanks for clarification.

But as I indicated above,  current commercial implementations of mail
systems (clients, servers, gateways) in the market place has made it a
pseudo-standard and requirement that a valid return path is provided.
Otherwise, we can't work together.

Unreachable return paths are part of the design, handled differently with
each system.  I can speak for our system that we will retry a system using
our default values of 3 days, once per hour (72 attempts).   I can also tell
you that we have logic that puts a weight on the type of return path
failure. For example:

        Default Retry      =  72
        Failed MX          = subtract 10
        Failed IP            = subtract 5
        Failed Server    = subtract 2

with the idea to accelerate the bounce (when retry <= 0) depending on where
it failed.

So if a MX is bad, using the above numbers:

        hour 1          retry count 72
        hour 2          retry count 62
        hour 3          retry count 52

etc, after 8 hours, the bounce will occur.

However, in practice, this was too tight, so it was relaxed (weight are
zero). It will try 72 times.  The exception to the rule is if a server
receiving the mail responds with a code of 55x, which means don't try again.

I am only telling you this because what you need to do look at is what
"Unreachable" means and put it in writing so that developers will have a
guideline to put constraints on a unrearchable return path.  Look at he
CAN-SPAM bill.  It does require a valid return path. So this should be
enough to put it in the specs.

The specs can say something that reflects the the kind of possible failures
when an attempt is made to connect to a MTA and deliver mail and that is
outlined by the SMTP state machine.

Possible failure points:

        connect
        HELO/EHLO
        MAIL FROM:
        RCPT TO:
        DATA
        QUIT

when you lock into the specs that a DOMAIN and a ADDRESS will be expected to
be valid, then you inherently and immediately begin to address a high
percentage of the spammer problem.  It will solve it 100%, but it will make
the spammers, well, honest spammers and thats a MAJOR benefit in the efforts
to control and regulate them (which I believe is NOT part of the functional
design for SMTP).  Thats a installation desire or an end-user +desire.  The
VENDORs will now be able to offer the features the customers and end users
want.

> Let's say you have verified either the domain or the address, and the
> message in question turns out to be spam. In both cases, you are going
> to complain to the ISP of the domain, not the actual user! So why go
> through the trouble of verifying the actual email address, when a domain
> is sufficient?

Like I said, above, that is none of your business.  You are complicating
what is otherwise a technical problem with a very easy technical solution.
You just need to make it possible.

By attempting to get into "interpretation" of the data, then you are going
into a fuzzy logic and that's not the purpose of SMTP.

In my technical opinion,  you have an fantastic opportunity to address to a
very large degree the anonymous abuse of the servers by simply address the
dearth of controls in the specifications.   Forget about spam. It could
something else together.  Maybe you don't want EXE files or VBS files send
because the customer is placing scrutiny on this type of data.  In all
cases, you need to control and authenticate access that is independent of
the mail content.

With that said, that does not mean the SMTP server should not offer some
level of control here for "data interpretation."     Like I said before, I
see only some sort of CRC32 checker maybe to be added, but that's it.

Compliant clients can say:

            C:  DATA CRC=1BCD233
            S:  354 Begin sending data

or with a fallback:

            C:  DATA CRC=1BCD233
            S:  500 Command not understood
            C:  DATA
            S:  354 Begin sending data

The compliant server can not use the CRC32 to make sure the data integrity
is ok.   We can extend this to address main content controls.

            C:  DATA CRC=1BCD233 HAS=ADV,ATTS
            S:  452 Sorry,  ADV not accepted,  Attachments not accepted

or a positive warning:

            S:  354  Begin sending data.  Warning:  ADV not accepted,
Attachments not accepted

In our design, we offer the HOOK into the DATA stage. That makes a customer
implementation leaving it UP to them to define what is SPAM or not.

Anyway,  not reaching the DATA state is the goal I think the effort should
concentrate on.

The benefit by defining the new controls in SMTP,  is that we can now FEED
traceable information to the customer to allow them to do what they want
with it.

---
Hector Santos, CTO
WINSERVER "Wildcat! Interactive Net Server"
support: http://www.winserver.com
sales: http://www.santronics.com



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To: ASRG list <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 6. Proposals - depracate all list/bulk mailing and changeto RSS
Message-ID: <20031201051230.GE3058@m433>
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Date: Mon, 1 Dec 2003 00:12:31 -0500

On Sun, Nov 30, 2003 at 12:11:59PM -0800, Bill Pease wrote

> Feature Limits:
> *Limited to no support for graphically-enhanced content

  That is a good thing.  If I see an interesting headline, I'll click on
the URL, and it'll take me to your super-duper/singing/dancing website.

> *Limited support for variety of content types typical in newsletter 
>  publishing

  It's a list of URLs.  If you have a high-bandwidth and low-bandwidth
version of your website, offer two URLs.

> *Limited support for tracking subscriber interaction with content

  Awwwwwwwww.  Guess what... Microsoft is blocking web bugs too...
http://www.wired.com/news/infostructure/0,1377,60781,00.html

> *No support for various transactions that can be enabled within email 
> (e.g., donation, viral marketing).
                   ***************
  Ding ding ding ding ding... we have a winner!  The whole point behind
this mailing list is to reduce/eliminate unsolicited marketing.  If I
want really exciting offers daily, I'll point my newsreader at
alt.really.exciting.offers.  If I want something, *I* will initiate the
the contact.  I do *NOT* want to be marketed to via my inbox, any more
than I want to be marketed to via my phone at suppertime.  Do you
understand ?

  It's been my experience that marketing types think that email was
invented first and foremost for marketing and email-blasting.  Wrong; it
was invented as two-way communication.  If a potential customer emails
you asking for a quote on 1000 widgets, reply to their email with the
requested quote.  That is customer service.  Blasting out millions of
unsolicited emails contributes to the destruction of the medium.

-- 
Walter Dnes <waltdnes@waltdnes.org>
Email users are divided into two classes;
1) Those who have effective spam-blocking
2) Those who wish they did

_______________________________________________
Asrg mailing list
Asrg@ietf.org
https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg



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To: ASRG list <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 6. Proposals - depracate all list/bulk mailing and changeto RSS
Message-ID: <20031201052106.GF3058@m433>
References: <20031130040601.19226.910.Mailman@www1.ietf.org> <3FCA4F0F.40206@getactive.com> <3FCA51D6.4010500@solidmatrix.com>
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Date: Mon, 1 Dec 2003 00:21:06 -0500

On Sun, Nov 30, 2003 at 03:23:50PM -0500, Yakov Shafranovich wrote

> >RSS feeds have a long way to go before legitimate email publishers
> >(such as all of my company's clients - member-based organizations like 
> >AFL-CIO,  Public Broadcasting System, American Red Cross - would be 
> >willing to abandon push email for pull news aggregators.
> 
> Would email publishers be willing to pursue the "pull" approach to the 
> extend that they are willing to sit down and work out the different 
> issues involved? Or is "pull" currently a "non-starter" in those 
> communities?

  I may be getting cynical in my old age, but I think it'll be a
non-starter.  The good part of pull, as far as I'm concerned, is that
control rests with the end user, not the marketer.  The bad part of
pull, as far as the marketer is concerned, is that control rests with
the end user, not the marketer.

-- 
Walter Dnes <waltdnes@waltdnes.org>
Email users are divided into two classes;
1) Those who have effective spam-blocking
2) Those who wish they did

_______________________________________________
Asrg mailing list
Asrg@ietf.org
https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg



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From: "Chris" <asrg@rebel.com.au>
To: "Walter Dnes" <waltdnes@waltdnes.org>, "ASRG list" <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] 6. Proposals - depracate all list/bulk mailing and changeto RSS
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>
> > *No support for various transactions that can be enabled within email
> > (e.g., donation, viral marketing).
>                    ***************
>   Ding ding ding ding ding... we have a winner!  The whole point behind
> this mailing list is to reduce/eliminate unsolicited marketing.  If I
> want really exciting offers daily, I'll point my newsreader at
> alt.really.exciting.offers.  If I want something, *I* will initiate the
> the contact.  I do *NOT* want to be marketed to via my inbox, any more
> than I want to be marketed to via my phone at suppertime.  Do you
> understand ?
>

In that case set your personal filters or whatever to "NO UCE"

but let the rest of the world decide what it wants and doesn't want to read.

speaking for myself I don't think you should be telling me what I want to
get in my mail box or don't want to get.

of course I might be alone in this.


Regards
Chris


> -----Original Message-----
> From: asrg-admin@ietf.org [mailto:asrg-admin@ietf.org]On Behalf Of
> Walter Dnes
> Sent: Monday, December 01, 2003 3:43 PM
> To: ASRG list
> Subject: Re: [Asrg] 6. Proposals - depracate all list/bulk mailing and
> changeto RSS
>
>
> On Sun, Nov 30, 2003 at 12:11:59PM -0800, Bill Pease wrote
>
> > Feature Limits:
> > *Limited to no support for graphically-enhanced content
>
>   That is a good thing.  If I see an interesting headline, I'll click on
> the URL, and it'll take me to your super-duper/singing/dancing website.
>
> > *Limited support for variety of content types typical in newsletter
> >  publishing
>
>   It's a list of URLs.  If you have a high-bandwidth and low-bandwidth
> version of your website, offer two URLs.
>
> > *Limited support for tracking subscriber interaction with content
>
>   Awwwwwwwww.  Guess what... Microsoft is blocking web bugs too...
> http://www.wired.com/news/infostructure/0,1377,60781,00.html
>
> > *No support for various transactions that can be enabled within email
> > (e.g., donation, viral marketing).
>                    ***************
>   Ding ding ding ding ding... we have a winner!  The whole point behind
> this mailing list is to reduce/eliminate unsolicited marketing.  If I
> want really exciting offers daily, I'll point my newsreader at
> alt.really.exciting.offers.  If I want something, *I* will initiate the
> the contact.  I do *NOT* want to be marketed to via my inbox, any more
> than I want to be marketed to via my phone at suppertime.  Do you
> understand ?
>
>   It's been my experience that marketing types think that email was
> invented first and foremost for marketing and email-blasting.  Wrong; it
> was invented as two-way communication.  If a potential customer emails
> you asking for a quote on 1000 widgets, reply to their email with the
> requested quote.  That is customer service.  Blasting out millions of
> unsolicited emails contributes to the destruction of the medium.
>
> --
> Walter Dnes <waltdnes@waltdnes.org>
> Email users are divided into two classes;
> 1) Those who have effective spam-blocking
> 2) Those who wish they did
>
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg


_______________________________________________
Asrg mailing list
Asrg@ietf.org
https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg



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Hector Santos wrote:
[..]
> when you lock into the specs that a DOMAIN and a ADDRESS will be expected to
> be valid, then you inherently and immediately begin to address a high
> percentage of the spammer problem.
[..]

 From my understanding, what you are basically asking is to make every 
single email on the Internet have a valid return address which will be 
checked by every system. This would require an RFC to be published 
laying out this requirement, which would in my view change the current 
SMTP specification, or in your view would consistute the codification of 
  the "spirit" of the law, as it is inherently present today.

But, why lock down the actual email address instead of the domain? Why 
require every email to have a valid return address and domain? Shouldn't 
requiring a valid domain name suffice?

>>Let's say you have verified either the domain or the address, and the
>>message in question turns out to be spam. In both cases, you are going
>>to complain to the ISP of the domain, not the actual user! So why go
>>through the trouble of verifying the actual email address, when a domain
>>is sufficient?
> 
> 
> Like I said, above, that is none of your business.  You are complicating
> what is otherwise a technical problem with a very easy technical solution.
> You just need to make it possible.
> 
> By attempting to get into "interpretation" of the data, then you are going
> into a fuzzy logic and that's not the purpose of SMTP.
> 

The SMTP specification and related RFCs make it very clear that parsing 
the RCPT TO and MAIL FROM addresses is perfectly fine, and that is done 
all the time (DATA is a different story). I do not see any problems with 
"interpretation" of email addresses used in RCPT TO and MAIL FROM 
commands, and having them split into domain/address sections. Why is 
that fuzzy logic if the SMTP specification defines a very specific 
format that addresses must follow?

Why go through the trouble of having to do an RCPT TO callback, when an 
easier and more lighweight mechanism will do fine (like a LMAP cached 
DNS query)?

[..]
> With that said, that does not mean the SMTP server should not offer some
> level of control here for "data interpretation."     Like I said before, I
> see only some sort of CRC32 checker maybe to be added, but that's it.
[..]
> The compliant server can not use the CRC32 to make sure the data integrity
> is ok.
[..]

What the point of having a CRC check? TCP assures an error-free 
connection and SMIME/PGP can assure integrity with a digital signature?

Yakov

-------
Yakov Shafranovich / asrg <at> shaftek.org
SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc. / research <at> solidmatrix.com
"And this too shall come to pass"
-------


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From: "Hector Santos" <winserver.support@winserver.com>
To: "ASRG" <asrg@ietf.org>, "Dave Crocker" <dcrocker@brandenburg.com>
References: <GPEMJLCHICHEGPOKJHHDCEEGGNAA.rebel@rebel.com.au>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 0. General - anti-harvesting (was Inquiry about CallerID Verification)
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Exactly,  this is why is critical that before any proposals are worked on,
the RFC specifications must precisely be clear in its functional
specification at each and every interface point.  Once done, the proposals
is then easy to write to fit the new controlled specs.

I've seen this happen before and Yakov only needs to do is speak to Randy
Bush about the demise of the Fidonet Technical Specifications Committee
(FTSC) and the Fidonet Network itself (still present but not in the numbers
it use to be).

The interpretation of the specs, the insistence of FTSC administrators to
comply with legacy specifications,  their fear of losing control to militant
new groups,  help kill it.   The internet was coming and developers were
CRYING to get new internet ready specifications used by practically all the
vendors accepted by the committee.   However, to be compliant (hence get a
product code),  you had to support a legacy protocol called FTSC1 describing
the absolute minimum how a client and server handshakes to identify and
exchange data.   If your software didn't support FTSC1, the net coordinators
(ISP) would remove the node (mail server customer) from the membership list
(DNS).  This is akin to being removed your MX record removed from DNS for
not having a valid SMTP server.    When you joined the network, your host
(ISP) did FTSC1 compliance testing of your installation before issuing an
address (MX record) into the nodelist (DNS).

Now, in no way, am I advocating a strict administrated network like Fidonet
offered, but there were no security or access issues.   We can learn and
borrow quite a few ideas from it.    In a way, we are sort heading in the
same direction with SMTP with a "central authority" controlling your mail
server integration into the backbone.  It works, but do we really want this.
I don't think so.

Fix the SMTP specs people.  Everything else will follow. The specs are
great, flexible. We just need to leave no room for anonymous abuse.

---
Hector Santos, CTO
WINSERVER "Wildcat! Interactive Net Server"
support: http://www.winserver.com
sales: http://www.santronics.com

----- Original Message ----- 
From: "Chris" <rebel@rebel.com.au>
To: <esr@thyrsus.com>; "Yakov Shafranovich" <research@solidmatrix.com>
Cc: "ASRG" <asrg@ietf.org>; "Dave Crocker" <dcrocker@brandenburg.com>
Sent: Sunday, November 30, 2003 11:35 PM
Subject: RE: [Asrg] 0. General - anti-harvesting (was Inquiry about CallerID
Verification)


>
> Doesn't all this discussion prove that the interpretation of a protocol
can
> vary?
>
> Therefore any attempts to use a "feature" that is disputed will probably
end
> up breaking some software
>
> Regards
> Chris
>
>
>
> > -----Original Message-----
> > From: asrg-admin@ietf.org [mailto:asrg-admin@ietf.org]On Behalf Of Eric
> > S. Raymond
> > Sent: Monday, December 01, 2003 2:42 PM
> > To: Yakov Shafranovich
> > Cc: ASRG; Dave Crocker
> > Subject: Re: [Asrg] 0. General - anti-harvesting (was Inquiry about
> > CallerID Verification)
> >
> >
> > Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>:
> > > Whether the RFCs require a valid return address, or not, in
> > spirit or in
> > > letter of the law, is something Dave Crocker and Eric Raymond, and
> > > others, who worked on the original 821 and 2821 RFCs can tell us. But
> > > the fact today is that no one is expected to provide a valid address,
> > > and any system relying on this, will fail in some cases unless the
> > > existing RFCs are changed.
> >
> > The spirit of the law, at least at the time I was involved with
> > RFC2822, was certainly that the return address was required to be
> > valid.  As for the letter...
> >
> > Section 3.6.7 of RFC2822 says:
> >
> >    The trace fields are a group of header fields consisting of an
> >    optional "Return-Path:" field, and one or more "Received:" fields.
> >    The "Return-Path:" header field contains a pair of angle brackets
> >    that enclose an optional addr-spec. [...]
> >
> > The addr-spec is optional because it maty be omitted, as in daemon
> > bounces.  RFC2822 continues:
> >
> >    A full discussion of the Internet mail use of trace fields is
> >    contained in [RFC2821].  For the purposes of this standard, the trace
> >    fields are strictly informational, and any formal interpretation of
> >    them is outside of the scope of this document.
> >
> > Thus, RFC2822 does not mandate that the address be valid.  We are
> > referred to RFC 2821.  Section 4.1.1.4 reads:
> >
> >    When the delivery SMTP server makes the "final delivery" of a
> >    message, it inserts a return-path line at the beginning of the mail
> >    data.  This use of return-path is required; mail systems MUST support
> >    it.  The return-path line preserves the information in the <reverse-
> >    path> from the MAIL command.  Here, final delivery means the message
> >    has left the SMTP environment.  Normally, this would mean it had been
> >    delivered to the destination user or an associated mail drop, but in
> >    some cases it may be further processed and transmitted by another
> >    mail system.
> >
> >    It is possible for the mailbox in the return path to be different
> >    from the actual sender's mailbox, for example, if error responses are
> >    to be delivered to a special error handling mailbox rather than to
> >    the message sender.  When mailing lists are involved, this
> >    arrangement is common and useful as a means of directing errors to
> >    the list maintainer rather than the message originator.
> >
> > I read this to mean that the Return-Path must, if present, be a
> > valid mailbox for a responsible person (note the MUST).
> > --
> >   <a href="http://www.catb.org/~esr/">Eric S. Raymond</a>
> >
> > _______________________________________________
> > Asrg mailing list
> > Asrg@ietf.org
> > https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg
>
>
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg
>



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From: "Chris" <asrg@rebel.com.au>
To: "Walter Dnes" <waltdnes@waltdnes.org>, "ASRG list" <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] 6. Proposals - depracate all list/bulk mailing and changeto RSS
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>
> The good part of pull, as far as I'm concerned, is that
> control rests with the end user, not the marketer.  The bad part of
> pull, as far as the marketer is concerned, is that control rests with
> the end user, not the marketer.
>

I can agree with you on this one.

Regards
Chris



> -----Original Message-----
> From: asrg-admin@ietf.org [mailto:asrg-admin@ietf.org]On Behalf Of
> Walter Dnes
> Sent: Monday, December 01, 2003 3:51 PM
> To: ASRG list
> Subject: Re: [Asrg] 6. Proposals - depracate all list/bulk mailing and
> changeto RSS
>
>
> On Sun, Nov 30, 2003 at 03:23:50PM -0500, Yakov Shafranovich wrote
>
> > >RSS feeds have a long way to go before legitimate email publishers
> > >(such as all of my company's clients - member-based organizations like
> > >AFL-CIO,  Public Broadcasting System, American Red Cross - would be
> > >willing to abandon push email for pull news aggregators.
> >
> > Would email publishers be willing to pursue the "pull" approach to the
> > extend that they are willing to sit down and work out the different
> > issues involved? Or is "pull" currently a "non-starter" in those
> > communities?
> --
> Walter Dnes <waltdnes@waltdnes.org>
> Email users are divided into two classes;
> 1) Those who have effective spam-blocking
> 2) Those who wish they did
>
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg


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From: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 0. General - anti-harvesting (was Inquiry about CallerID
 Verification)
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Hector Santos wrote:
[..]
> Exactly,  this is why is critical that before any proposals are worked on,
> the RFC specifications must precisely be clear in its functional
> specification at each and every interface point.  Once done, the proposals
> is then easy to write to fit the new controlled specs.
> 
[..]
> 
> Fix the SMTP specs people.  Everything else will follow. The specs are
> great, flexible. We just need to leave no room for anonymous abuse.
> 
[..]

Can we leave your RCPT TO proposal out for a second? Leaving that aside, 
what exactly do you propose?

Yakov
-------
Yakov Shafranovich / asrg <at> shaftek.org
SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc. / research <at> solidmatrix.com
"Power tends to corrupt, and absolute power corrupts absolutely" (Lord 
Acton)
-------


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From: "Hector Santos" <winserver.support@winserver.com>
To: "ASRG" <asrg@ietf.org>
References: <010a01c3b70d$bc2c8d00$60c6d344@FAMILY>  <3FC99586.3000701@solidmatrix.com>  <015d01c3b71d$fc00c7b0$60c6d344@FAMILY>  <3FC9B19B.8000201@solidmatrix.com>  <001601c3b724$64015360$60c6d344@FAMILY>  <1031130165110.ZM2870@candle.brasslantern.com>  <010901c3b798$84c96910$60c6d344@FAMILY>  <3FCA81B1.9080808@solidmatrix.com>  <011301c3b7a1$818831b0$60c6d344@FAMILY>  <3FCA9582.2080602@solidmatrix.com>  <20031201041154.GA32587@thyrsus.com> <1031201050104.ZM3624@candle.brasslantern.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 0. General - anti-harvesting (was Inquiry about CallerID Verification)
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----- Original Message ----- 
From: "Bart Schaefer" <schaefer@brasslantern.com>
To: "ASRG" <asrg@ietf.org>
Sent: Monday, December 01, 2003 12:01 AM
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 0. General - anti-harvesting (was Inquiry about CallerID
Verification)


> } I read this to mean that the Return-Path must, if present, be a
> } valid mailbox for a responsible person (note the MUST).
>
> I read this to mean that the server is reqired to insert the return-path
> field, regardless of its knowledge of the validity of the mailbox.

hmmm??   It is expected to be VALID!   Whether thats true or not, is a
different story which is 100% expected as a possibility and handled
accordingly depending on server implemention.  In our case,  it is
blacklisted after 72 tries (default).   That gives you 3 days to fix your
server can get back up.  If you can't get your server up, then you have no
business being a mail server.   On a new attempt, our software will try once
more.  If successful, it is removed from the blacklist.  Otherwise, it is an
immediate failure.

> Suppose I send a message to you.  For whatever reason, it's queued at
> my company SMTP server rather than delivered immediately to your MX.
> While the message is in the queue, I have an argument with my CEO over
> the interpretation of RFC2821, and he fires me.  The sysadmin immediately
> disables my email account.
>
> You're saying that its now an _SMTP protocol_ violation for the company
> server to complete the process of delivering that queued message to you?
>

Thats not a SMTP problem.  These are ethical and legal issues.

First, if you write/store mail using company resource, they own your email.
They can do whatever they want.  This is legally enforced.

Second, as far as SMTP,  it is doing what it was technical designed done to
do - queue for delivery.  If the ADMIN wants to delete or kill the queue,
thats up to him.  That is not an SMTP decision.

Now, on the other hand, if your system is acting as a passthru system, then
it has TECHNCIAL responsible to move the mail - UNALTERED.   If the ADMIN
kills passthru mail,  he is putting his operations (and business) at risk.
I can't remember but I believe this is legalled enforced as well.   If your
software can not correctly handle the passthru operation of mail, you have
no being in the mail transport business.

Now, what is consided passthru mail?

Basically routed mail, but there are two types of routed mail.

If mail from another server is routed thru your system, you can not delete
it or alter it.   This is considered true passthu mail.

If the mail came from a USER to its HOST (your system) to be routed to
another site (not local), then this may be considered NON-PASSTHRU,
depending on the type of user:

Employee - company owns your email stored on the system.

Commercial -  user using an ISP.  This is questionable.  In my opinion,  in
this case, this is passthru and the ISP has no business in the
killing/altering of a commercial user.   However,  the ISP has to right to
have a disclaimer for user mail (i.e., no porn) passing thru his system as
the original source.  This (disclaimer) is legally enforced.

However, again, if the mail is true passthru, your server has the ultimate
responsibility to move it.  It can't just let it die.

---
Hector Santos, CTO
WINSERVER "Wildcat! Interactive Net Server"
support: http://www.winserver.com
sales: http://www.santronics.com



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From: "Eric S. Raymond" <esr@thyrsus.com>
To: Bart Schaefer <schaefer@brasslantern.com>
Cc: ASRG <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 0. General - anti-harvesting (was Inquiry about CallerID Verification)
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References: <015d01c3b71d$fc00c7b0$60c6d344@FAMILY> <3FC9B19B.8000201@solidmatrix.com> <001601c3b724$64015360$60c6d344@FAMILY> <1031130165110.ZM2870@candle.brasslantern.com> <010901c3b798$84c96910$60c6d344@FAMILY> <3FCA81B1.9080808@solidmatrix.com> <011301c3b7a1$818831b0$60c6d344@FAMILY> <3FCA9582.2080602@solidmatrix.com> <20031201041154.GA32587@thyrsus.com> <1031201050104.ZM3624@candle.brasslantern.com>
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Date: Mon, 1 Dec 2003 01:34:19 -0500

Bart Schaefer <schaefer@brasslantern.com>:
> On Nov 30, 11:11pm, Eric S. Raymond wrote:
> }
> } Thus, RFC2822 does not mandate that the address be valid.  We are 
> } referred to RFC 2821.  Section 4.1.1.4 reads:
> } 
> }    When the delivery SMTP server makes the "final delivery" of a
> }    message, it inserts a return-path line at the beginning of the mail
> }    data.  This use of return-path is required; mail systems MUST support
> }    it.  The return-path line preserves the information in the <reverse-
> }    path> from the MAIL command.
> } 
> } I read this to mean that the Return-Path must, if present, be a
> } valid mailbox for a responsible person (note the MUST).
> 
> I read this to mean that the server is reqired to insert the return-path
> field, regardless of its knowledge of the validity of the mailbox.

...and that return-path field must describe the valid submission address
from which the mail entered.

The sentence "This use of return-path is required; mail systems MUST support
it.  The return-path line preserves the information in the <reverse-
path> from the MAIL command." is pretty definitive.

> Suppose I send a message to you.  For whatever reason, it's queued at
> my company SMTP server rather than delivered immediately to your MX.
> While the message is in the queue, I have an argument with my CEO over
> the interpretation of RFC2821, and he fires me.  The sysadmin immediately
> disables my email account.
> 
> You're saying that its now an _SMTP protocol_ violation for the company
> server to complete the process of delivering that queued message to you?

I am saying that I may refuse mail becayse that path has become invalid
and be in strict conformance with RFC2821.  When Hector Santos talks about
strictly enforcing the SMTP standards in order to close loopholes that
spammers are using, this is what he means -- and he's got a point.
-- 
		<a href="http://www.catb.org/~esr/">Eric S. Raymond</a>

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Comments: In reply to "Hector Santos" <winserver.support@winserver.com>
        "Re: [Asrg] 0. General - anti-harvesting (was Inquiry about CallerID Verification)" (Dec  1, 12:57am)
References: <010a01c3b70d$bc2c8d00$60c6d344@FAMILY> 
	<3FC99586.3000701@solidmatrix.com> 
	<015d01c3b71d$fc00c7b0$60c6d344@FAMILY> 
	<3FC9B19B.8000201@solidmatrix.com> 
	<001601c3b724$64015360$60c6d344@FAMILY> 
	<1031130165110.ZM2870@candle.brasslantern.com> 
	<010901c3b798$84c96910$60c6d344@FAMILY> 
	<3FCA81B1.9080808@solidmatrix.com> 
	<011301c3b7a1$818831b0$60c6d344@FAMILY> 
	<3FCA9582.2080602@solidmatrix.com> 
	<20031201041154.GA32587@thyrsus.com> 
	<1031201050104.ZM3624@candle.brasslantern.com> 
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] 0. General - anti-harvesting (was Inquiry about CallerID Verification)
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Date: Mon, 1 Dec 2003 06:53:12 +0000

On Dec 1, 12:57am, Hector Santos wrote:
} 
} ----- Original Message ----- 
} From: "Bart Schaefer" <schaefer@brasslantern.com>
} 
} > } I read this to mean that the Return-Path must, if present, be a
} > } valid mailbox for a responsible person (note the MUST).
} >
} > I read this to mean that the server is reqired to insert the return-path
} > field, regardless of its knowledge of the validity of the mailbox.
} 
} hmmm??   It is expected to be VALID!

Again, why?  (Where "this" in "I read this" is the quotation from RFC2821,
now elided, and is not the quotation from ESR that is still included.)

} > Suppose I send a message to you.  For whatever reason, it's queued at
} > my company SMTP server rather than delivered immediately to your MX.
} > While the message is in the queue, I have an argument with my CEO over
} > the interpretation of RFC2821, and he fires me.  The sysadmin immediately
} > disables my email account.
} >
} > You're saying that its now an _SMTP protocol_ violation for the company
} > server to complete the process of delivering that queued message to you?
} >
} 
} Thats not a SMTP problem.

It is, according to what you (and ESR) have claimed.  The address from which
the queued message was sent is no longer valid.  If, as you assert, it is a
MUST requirement of 2821 that the return-path be valid, then any SMTP server
that continues delivery of a queued message for which the sender has since
become invalid, is violating the protocol.

Replace the whole scenario with use of a sneakemail.com address which I
disable while the message is in the queue, if that's a better example.

} Second, as far as SMTP, it is doing what it was technical designed
} done to do - queue for delivery.

Exactly my point.  It's technically impossible for a store-and-forward
system to require that the end points are continuously valid.  Ergo, I
don't believe it's reasonable to interpret the aforementioned section of
RFC2821 the way you say it should be interpreted.

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Comments: In reply to "Eric S. Raymond" <esr@thyrsus.com>
        "Re: [Asrg] 0. General - anti-harvesting (was Inquiry about CallerID Verification)" (Dec  1,  1:34am)
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	<20031201041154.GA32587@thyrsus.com> 
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] 0. General - anti-harvesting (was Inquiry about CallerID Verification)
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Date: Mon, 1 Dec 2003 07:08:57 +0000

On Dec 1,  1:34am, Eric S. Raymond wrote:
}
} I am saying that I may refuse mail becayse that path has become invalid
} and be in strict conformance with RFC2821.

I don't disagree with that.

What I disagree with is the claim that the *sending* system is in violation
of RFC2821 because the return-path has become invalid.  Put another way, I
don't agree that RFC2821 *justifies* your refusal of the message, merely
that it does not *prohibit* such refusal.

Yakov's point (unless I'm completely confused) is that it would constitute
a new requirement for *sending* systems if the return-path "MUST" always be
a valid address.  Hector says that it would not be a new requirement, and I
still haven't been convinced that Hector is correct.

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Subject: Re: [Asrg] 0. General - anti-harvesting (was Inquiry about CallerID Verification)
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Date: Mon, 1 Dec 2003 02:11:13 -0500

Bart Schaefer <schaefer@brasslantern.com>:
> It is, according to what you (and ESR) have claimed.  The address from which
> the queued message was sent is no longer valid.  If, as you assert, it is a
> MUST requirement of 2821 that the return-path be valid, then any SMTP server
> that continues delivery of a queued message for which the sender has since
> become invalid, is violating the protocol.

I didn't say that.  There's a nuance here you're missing.

The sending MTA is conformant with RFC2821, as I read it, if it issues 
a Return-Path back to the user that preserves the MAIL FROM information,
e.g. is valid at the time the message was generated.  There is a MUST 
attached to that requirement.

The receiving MTA is conformant if, upon ascertaining that the Return-Path
is invalid, it refuses the mail for that reason.

The fact that said Return-Path may have become invalid after transmission and
before receipt is an interesting edge case which does not affect the
meaning of RFC2821 in any way.  
-- 
		<a href="http://www.catb.org/~esr/">Eric S. Raymond</a>

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Subject: Re: [Asrg] 0. General - anti-harvesting (was Inquiry about CallerID Verification)
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Date: Mon, 1 Dec 2003 02:17:08 -0500

Bart Schaefer <schaefer@brasslantern.com>:
> What I disagree with is the claim that the *sending* system is in violation
> of RFC2821 because the return-path has become invalid.  Put another way, I
> don't agree that RFC2821 *justifies* your refusal of the message, merely
> that it does not *prohibit* such refusal.

You are correct.  The path may *become* invalid without putting the
sending MTA retroactively in violation.  It must however *be* valid
at time of transmission.  That is the plain meaning of 4.1.1.4.
 
> Yakov's point (unless I'm completely confused) is that it would constitute
> a new requirement for *sending* systems if the return-path "MUST" always be
> a valid address.  Hector says that it would not be a new requirement, and I
> still haven't been convinced that Hector is correct.

Yakov is correct that that would be a new requiremwnt.  But "MUST
always be a valid address" is not what I am maintaining, nor is it
Hector's position unless I have misunderstood him.

We are simply maintaining that sending MTAs MUST issue a valid return
path at time of transmission.
-- 
		<a href="http://www.catb.org/~esr/">Eric S. Raymond</a>

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From: Brett Watson <famous-asrg@nutters.org>
Organization: PhD Student, Macquarie University
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 0. General - anti-harvesting (was Inquiry about CallerID Verification)
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Let me see if I can summarise the crux of the matter, here.

Regardless of what the RFCs say about return address validity, it seems like a 
reasonable local policy to reject mail that has an invalid return address. 
Arguments over what the RFCs say on the matter are largely red herrings: the 
sender need not be in violation of the RFCs to justify a "refuse" policy.

The problem arises in actually determining the validity of any address. The 
only explicit mechanism that SMTP ever had for verifying addresses was the 
VRFY command, but it has fallen out of favour. Attempting to verify an 
address via SMTP using any other technique is a configuration and 
implementation dependent hack. Nothing in the RFCs requires that the "MAIL 
From" and "RCPT To" dialogue actually divulge the validity of any recipient 
address, although it's arguably "good behaviour" to do so.

So do we suggest that VRFY ought to be revived as a return-path validity 
checker? Does this benefit outweigh the disadvantages for which VRFY has been 
depreciated in the first place?

Or am I misunderstanding this argument?

Regards,
TFBW


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From: "Hector Santos" <winserver.support@winserver.com>
To: <esr@thyrsus.com>, "Bart Schaefer" <schaefer@brasslantern.com>
Cc: "ASRG" <asrg@ietf.org>
References: <001601c3b724$64015360$60c6d344@FAMILY> <1031130165110.ZM2870@candle.brasslantern.com> <010901c3b798$84c96910$60c6d344@FAMILY> <3FCA81B1.9080808@solidmatrix.com> <011301c3b7a1$818831b0$60c6d344@FAMILY> <3FCA9582.2080602@solidmatrix.com> <20031201041154.GA32587@thyrsus.com> <1031201050104.ZM3624@candle.brasslantern.com> <002901c3b7d0$0e716960$60c6d344@FAMILY> <1031201065312.ZM3794@candle.brasslantern.com> <20031201071113.GA30032@thyrsus.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 0. General - anti-harvesting (was Inquiry about CallerID Verification)
Organization: Santronics Software, Inc
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----- Original Message ----- 
From: "Eric S. Raymond" <esr@thyrsus.com>
To: "Bart Schaefer" <schaefer@brasslantern.com>
>
> The receiving MTA is conformant if, upon ascertaining that the Return-Path
> is invalid, it refuses the mail for that reason.
>
> The fact that said Return-Path may have become invalid after transmission
and
> before receipt is an interesting edge case which does not affect the
> meaning of RFC2821 in any way.

Exactly.

It really just like regular snail mail.

When someone puts a return address on the upper left corner of the envelope,
it is the expectation of the "SYSTEM" that is is valid in order for it to
work properly.

That doesn't say anything about the "possibility" that it may not be valid
or blank which means no return process needs to be considered.

The consequences of such is that the SYSTEM can no longer return the mail
which is natural part of the system functional specification.   The SYSTEM
can no longer go any further with the invalid return address.

There is a systematic process in place that works with the idea that the
RETURN ADDRESS is valid.

Same is true with SMTP.  All commercial servers work with this design
assumption. It has too. Otherwise it doens't work which the SPAMMERS are
proving for us. :-)

---
Hector Santos, CTO
WINSERVER "Wildcat! Interactive Net Server"
support: http://www.winserver.com
sales: http://www.santronics.com




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Subject: Re: [Asrg] 0. General - anti-harvesting (was Inquiry about CallerID Verification)
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----- Original Message ----- 
From: "Brett Watson" <famous-asrg@nutters.org>
To: <asrg@ietf.org>
Sent: Monday, December 01, 2003 2:54 AM
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 0. General - anti-harvesting (was Inquiry about CallerID
Verification)


>
> So do we suggest that VRFY ought to be revived as a return-path validity
> checker? Does this benefit outweigh the disadvantages for which VRFY has
been
> depreciated in the first place?
>
> Or am I misunderstanding this argument?

No, you got it.   And you raise a very excellent possible solution which I
like because it doesn't technically change the SMTP protocol.  It now
becomes a functional requirement.

Lets put a version number of the NEXT SMTP system.  V2.0

For ESMTP V2.0 Servers:

Compliant servers must support VRFY as a way to validate return address.

With modern systems,  RCPT TO: is basically doing the same thing. The
difference VRFY is not required to be issued in any specific order and it
doesn't occur any internal server logic to remember a RCPT TO: list.  So
VRFY is the prefer method as a low overhead verification.

For ESMTP V2.0 Clients:

It can use a RCPT TO: only as a fallback if VRFY fails as a "command not
understood"

The beauty of this is that most systems already support VRFY but have it OFF
by default.  So it is just a simple matter of the sysop turning it on.

We can certainly extend this in many ways.  But by using this method, the
SMTP protocol itself does not need to change.  Only the specifications need
to be make it clear in writing that the return path must be valid. If it
isn't valid, the is up to the server implementation to decide what to do
with it.   But we can't just leave it in a "limbo" that suggests in any way
that it is may be unreachable, therefore no action should be taken that
prohibit this possibility.

I vote to "re-institute" the VRFY command as recommended requirement for
ESMTP V2.0 Protocols designs.

The argument about harvesting is a non-issue.

- Most systems offer dynamic validation with RCPT TO:

- Some might delay it to the DATA stage, but it still done (YAHOO)

- Systems that delay with gateway software will try to BOUNCE the message.
If no bounce is reached by the spammers,  then he has learned that the
address is "ACCEPTABLE."

- Systems that delay with gateway software bouncing the message to a
unreachable site, well, this only means this type of spammer didn't care in
the FIRST place if the address was acceptable or not. He was just throwing
darts on the wall.  If some stuck,  GREAT.  If not, still GREAT.  From his
stand point, his SPAM SOFTWARE completed it job (throwing darts) of sending
mail to anyone who would accept it.  Who cares if it was actually by a user
or not.  He will find out when the user reads his mail using html
references.

So in ALL cases,  it is a non-issue.

I vote for VRFY to be part of the next specs!

Thanks Brett!

---
Hector Santos, CTO
WINSERVER "Wildcat! Interactive Net Server"
support: http://www.winserver.com
sales: http://www.santronics.com



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From: Fridrik Skulason <frisk@f-prot.com>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 4. Survey of Solutions - Methods of Authentication -Trojans]
Message-ID: <20031201090033.GG30566@f-prot.com>
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Date: Mon, 1 Dec 2003 09:00:33 +0000

> If anyone think spammers will move en masse to trojan systems to continue
> their habit, I believe they are sadly mistaken.

I wouldn't be too sure about that.  I am looking at this problem from a
anti-virus/anti-trojan perspective, and what I am seeing is the establisnment
of several networks of "zombies", used for spam-related purposes - not
only spamming, but also DoS attacks on anti-spam sites.

The connection between spammers and compromised machines is becoming 
clearer and clearer.

The spammers that just buy spam software from companies like www.saurabh.info, 
www.marketing-2000.net, www.massmailsoftware.com or other similar companies
do not use the zombie nets, that's true...you have to look elsewhere,
for example at the spammers with connections to the Russian criminal 
underground.

I am not sure how high the percentage of spam from zombie machines is,
but it is growing...that much is certain.

-- 
Fridrik Skulason   Frisk Software International   phone: +354-540-7400
Author of F-PROT   E-mail: frisk@f-prot.com       fax:   +354-540-7401

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Comments: In reply to "Eric S. Raymond" <esr@thyrsus.com>
        "Re: [Asrg] 0. General - anti-harvesting (was Inquiry about CallerID Verification)" (Dec  1,  2:17am)
References: <001601c3b724$64015360$60c6d344@FAMILY> 
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] 0. General - anti-harvesting (was Inquiry about CallerID Verification)
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Date: Mon, 1 Dec 2003 09:13:49 +0000

On Dec 1,  2:17am, Eric S. Raymond wrote:
}
} Bart Schaefer <schaefer@brasslantern.com>:
} > What I disagree with is the claim that the *sending* system is in violation
} > of RFC2821 because the return-path has become invalid.  Put another way, I
} > don't agree that RFC2821 *justifies* your refusal of the message, merely
} > that it does not *prohibit* such refusal.
} 
} You are correct.  The path may *become* invalid without putting the
} sending MTA retroactively in violation.  It must however *be* valid
} at time of transmission.  That is the plain meaning of 4.1.1.4.

You mean 4.1.1.2?  "The reverse-path consists of the sender mailbox."

} We are simply maintaining that sending MTAs MUST issue a valid return
} path at time of transmission.

And I assert that even that is a new requirement.  Valid from what point of
view?

Suppose the (not uncommon case) of a sending MTA that is not the same host
as the MX for the sender's domain.  Call these MTA1 and MX1.  A message is
transmitted via MTA1 to the recipient's MX, which I'll call MX2.  If the
sender mailbox is valid at MTA1 -- that is, MTA1 can successfully deliver
a DSN to that mailbox in the event of a 5xx response from MX2 -- where is
the requirement that the mailbox also be valid when presented as a RCPT TO:
at MX1?

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From: Fridrik Skulason <frisk@f-prot.com>
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: 6. Proposals: LMTP proposals]
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Date: Mon, 1 Dec 2003 09:16:32 +0000

> LMAP is supposed to be checking the IP of the connected client against DNS. 
> Unless they can forge a TCP connection with the MTA without seeing any of 
> the traffic, they can't pull that off with LMAP going. Now, if they were 
> actually fastmail.fm users, that would be another story. In particular, I 
> think dealing with that falls under the umbrella of 'local policy'.

LMAP will never eliminate all cases of forgery - which actually has a
rather nasty side-effect.  Think of it as the "survival of the fittest"
in action.  If something like LMAP was universally adopted, any spam
mechanism not affected by it would be "encouraged", so to speak.

So, which cases would not be affected by LMAP?  Now, in addition
to all the "non-forged" methods (disposable accounts, rogue ISPs and so
on) there is the following:

   A spammer gains access to a compromised computer, and determines
   the mail address of the owner of the machine.  The spam is then
   sent out in the name of the owner of the machine, just as if
   the real owner was actually pressing the keys.  

In other words, widespread implementation of LMAP (which would be a good
thing) would lead to more compromised machines (which would be a bad 
thing) ;-)

-- 
Fridrik Skulason   Frisk Software International   phone: +354-540-7400
Author of F-PROT   E-mail: frisk@f-prot.com       fax:   +354-540-7401

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Comments: In reply to "Hector Santos" <winserver.support@winserver.com>
        "Re: [Asrg] 0. General - anti-harvesting (was Inquiry about CallerID Verification)" (Dec  1,  3:51am)
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Date: Mon, 1 Dec 2003 09:26:27 +0000

On Dec 1,  3:51am, Hector Santos wrote:
} 
} For ESMTP V2.0 Servers:
} 
} Compliant servers must support VRFY as a way to validate return address.

That doesn't address the issue (pun?).  See my example of MTA1 sending to
MX2, which tries to verify the address using MX1.  Unless you impose the
additional requirement that MX1 be able to verify all addresses that may
originate from MTA1, it doesn't matter whether you use VRFY or RCPT.

If, on the other hand, and as Yakov keeps suggesting, you verify only that
MTA1 is a valid source of mail for the domain shared by MTA1 and MX1, you
have placed no new requirements on the SMTP protocol -- you've added an
external authentication step, but not changed SMTP itself.

The most obvious workaround for anyone with an "old" SMTP server will be
to blindly respond success to VRFY of any localpart in their domain, at
which point you've got no more information (in fact, you've got less)
than if you had simply verified MTA1 in the first place.

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From: "Eric S. Raymond" <esr@thyrsus.com>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 0. General - anti-harvesting (was Inquiry about CallerID Verification)
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Date: Mon, 1 Dec 2003 04:35:47 -0500

Bart Schaefer <schaefer@brasslantern.com>:
> Suppose the (not uncommon case) of a sending MTA that is not the same host
> as the MX for the sender's domain.  Call these MTA1 and MX1.  A message is
> transmitted via MTA1 to the recipient's MX, which I'll call MX2.  If the
> sender mailbox is valid at MTA1 -- that is, MTA1 can successfully deliver
> a DSN to that mailbox in the event of a 5xx response from MX2 -- where is
> the requirement that the mailbox also be valid when presented as a RCPT TO:
> at MX1?

RFC2821 says the Return-Path has to be the same address that was
presented to the MAIL command.
-- 
		<a href="http://www.catb.org/~esr/">Eric S. Raymond</a>

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On 2003-11-30 20:12:34 -0500, Yakov Shafranovich wrote:
> Hector Santos wrote:
> > ----- Original Message -----
> >
> >>Allows me to rephrase this - This is a requirement that the receiver is
> >>required to send the delivery failure notice back to the sender. It is
> >>not a requirement that the address for that notice should exist and be
> >>functional, or in your case be able to reach the RCPT TO stage.
> >
> > Sorry, I disagree with your interpretation of the current specification.
> >
> > A Mail From:  must be valid if all other RFC specifications is to fit.
> >
> [..]
> >I am failing to see why so much resistance?  All you are basically provi=
ng
> >is how the CURRENT specification needs to be tighten up.
> >
> [..]
>=20
> What I am trying to point out that your specific proposal is not=20
> compliant with the current architecture.

I do think it is compliant. RFC 2821 mentions here and there that mail
may not be accepted for unspecified policy reasons, for example:

    3.3

    MAIL FROM:<reverse-path> [SP <mail-parameters> ] <CRLF>
    [...]
    If the mailbox specification is not acceptable for some reason, the
    server MUST return a reply indicating whether the failure is
    permanent (i.e., will occur again if the client tries to send the
    same address again) or temporary (i.e., the address might be
    accepted if the client tries again later).

    [...]
    - If the verb is initially accepted and the 354 reply issued, the
      DATA command should fail only [...] or if the server determines
      that the message should be rejected for policy or other reasons.

    3.7

    If it declines to relay mail to a particular address for policy
    reasons, a 550 response SHOULD be returned.

etc.

I believe that these are left intentionally undefined ("some reason",
"policy or other reasons", "policy reasons") to allow the administrator
to impose arbitrary (but hopefully sensible) rules on his systems
without violating the RFC.=20

So, I believe that Wildcat or Exim servers which try to validate the
whole return path are just as compliant as sendmail or qmail servers
which try to only validate the domain part of the return path.

> Whether the RFCs require a valid return address, or not, in spirit or in=
=20
> letter of the law, is something Dave Crocker and Eric Raymond, and=20
> others, who worked on the original 821 and 2821 RFCs can tell us.

Eric told us, but I'm not convinced. I would agree with him that it is
the spirit of the law, but the letters he has shown us to support his
interpretation are rather weak. Anyway, I think this is a red herring.
SMTP doesn't have to require return-path validation, it only has to
allow it.

> But the fact today is that no one is expected to provide a valid
> address, and any system relying on this, will fail in some cases
> unless the existing RFCs are changed.

Yes, but that's the whole point, isn't it? Some people choose to send
out messages with invalid return paths. Many of them are spammers, some
are only incompetent. In any case, they cause problems: DSNs cannot be
delivered and often replies won't work either (if the message headers
contain the same sender address). So it do agree with Hector that it is
a sensible policy decision to not accept such messages in the first
place.=20

	hp

--=20
   _  | Peter J. Holzer    | In this vale
|_|_) | Sysadmin WSR       | Of toil and sin
| |   | hjp@hjp.at         | Your head grows bald
__/   | http://www.hjp.at/ | But not your chin.           -- Burma Shave

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From: "Eric S. Raymond" <esr@thyrsus.com>
To: Bart Schaefer <schaefer@brasslantern.com>
Cc: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 0. General - anti-harvesting (was Inquiry about CallerID Verification)
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Bart Schaefer <schaefer@brasslantern.com>:
> } RFC2821 says the Return-Path has to be the same address that was
> } presented to the MAIL command.
> 
> So what?  MX1 isn't any party to the protocol exchange between MTA1 and
> MX2.  The reverse-path is completely valid as far as MTA1 can tell; if
> MX2 responds 5xx, MTA1 will do the right thing.  You still haven't shown
> me how or why any of this affects what happens if MX1 becomes party to
> a separate SMTP transaction initiated by MX2, whether involving the same
> or any other mailbox.

I don't see how the presence of MXes matters.  Are you maintaining that 
what's in the MAIL FROM need not be a valid reply address?
-- 
		<a href="http://www.catb.org/~esr/">Eric S. Raymond</a>

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References: <001601c3b724$64015360$60c6d344@FAMILY>  <1031130165110.ZM2870@candle.brasslantern.com>  <010901c3b798$84c96910$60c6d344@FAMILY>  <3FCA81B1.9080808@solidmatrix.com>  <011301c3b7a1$818831b0$60c6d344@FAMILY>  <3FCA9582.2080602@solidmatrix.com>  <20031201041154.GA32587@thyrsus.com>  <1031201050104.ZM3624@candle.brasslantern.com>  <20031201063419.GA29153@thyrsus.com>  <1031201070857.ZM3841@candle.brasslantern.com>  <20031201071708.GB30032@thyrsus.com> <1031201091349.ZM3967@candle.brasslantern.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 0. General - anti-harvesting (was Inquiry about CallerID Verification)
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----- Original Message ----- 
From: "Bart Schaefer" <schaefer@brasslantern.com>
To: "ASRG" <asrg@ietf.org>
Sent: Monday, December 01, 2003 4:13 AM
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 0. General - anti-harvesting (was Inquiry about CallerID
Verification)


> And I assert that even that is a new requirement.  Valid from what point
of
> view?
>
> Suppose the (not uncommon case) of a sending MTA that is not the same host
> as the MX for the sender's domain.  Call these MTA1 and MX1.  A message is
> transmitted via MTA1 to the recipient's MX, which I'll call MX2.  If the
> sender mailbox is valid at MTA1 -- that is, MTA1 can successfully deliver
> a DSN to that mailbox in the event of a 5xx response from MX2 -- where is
> the requirement that the mailbox also be valid when presented as a RCPT
TO:
> at MX1?

C: connect to MX2
S: 250 welcome
C:  HELO MTA1
S: 250 HELLO there!   (ignore any validation here for the moment)
C: MAIL FROM: MTA1@MX1
--- BEGIN WCSAP VALIDATION ---
C: connect to MX1
S: 250 welcome
C:  HELO MX2
S:  250  Hello!
C:  RCPT TO: MTA1@MX1
S:  552 - Sorry doesn't exist
C: QUIT
S: 250
--- END WCSAP VALIDATION return 4xx or 5xx depending on policy ---
S: 552,  Local user not found!
C: QUIT

I don't see the problem.

Also, keep in mind that a  return path is persistent cross all routes.

---
Hector Santos, CTO
WINSERVER "Wildcat! Interactive Net Server"
support: http://www.winserver.com
sales: http://www.santronics.com



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Subject: Re: [Asrg] 0. General - anti-harvesting (was Inquiry about CallerID Verification)
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On 2003-12-01 09:50:53 +0000, Bart Schaefer wrote:
> On Dec 1,  4:35am, Eric S. Raymond wrote:
> }
> } Bart Schaefer <schaefer@brasslantern.com>:
> } > Suppose the (not uncommon case) of a sending MTA that is not the
> } > same host as the MX for the sender's domain. Call these MTA1 and
> } > MX1. A message is transmitted via MTA1 to the recipient's MX, which
> } > I'll call MX2. If the sender mailbox is valid at MTA1 -- that is,
> } > MTA1 can successfully deliver a DSN to that mailbox in the event of
> } > a 5xx response from MX2 -- where is the requirement that the mailbox
> } > also be valid when presented as a RCPT TO: at MX1?
> }
> } RFC2821 says the Return-Path has to be the same address that was
> } presented to the MAIL command.
>=20
> So what?  MX1 isn't any party to the protocol exchange between MTA1 and
> MX2.  The reverse-path is completely valid as far as MTA1 can tell; if
> MX2 responds 5xx, MTA1 will do the right thing.

Yes, but if MX2 accepts the message (e.g., to pass it on to MX3) and
then discovers a problem, it won't be able to send a DSN. Since MTA1
cannot know whether MX2 is the final delivery agent or just an
intermediate relay it has to send a globally useful reverse path, not one
which is useful only at MTA1.

The open question is: Do the requirements, which the RFC puts on the use
of the reverse path (DSN's MUST be sent to the reverse path, the
reverse-path MUST be copied to the Return-Path header on final delivery,
etc.) also constitute a requirement on the sender to provide a valid
return-path? Or is it allowed to insert an invalid path if it isn't
interested in DSNs, Replies, etc.? I can see no clear requirement in RFC
2821 that the mailbox of the sender MUST be globally reachable and
accept mails. The expectation is clearly there (otherwise the
requirement that DSNs are sent there, or the care in preserving it at
final delivery wouldn't make much sense), but the explicit requirement
is IMHO missing.

	hp

--=20
   _  | Peter J. Holzer    | In this vale
|_|_) | Sysadmin WSR       | Of toil and sin
| |   | hjp@hjp.at         | Your head grows bald
__/   | http://www.hjp.at/ | But not your chin.           -- Burma Shave

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----- Original Message ----- 
From: "Bart Schaefer" <schaefer@brasslantern.com>
To: <asrg@ietf.org>
Sent: Monday, December 01, 2003 4:26 AM
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 0. General - anti-harvesting (was Inquiry about CallerID
Verification)


> On Dec 1,  3:51am, Hector Santos wrote:
> }
> } For ESMTP V2.0 Servers:
> }
> } Compliant servers must support VRFY as a way to validate return address.
>
> That doesn't address the issue (pun?).  See my example of MTA1 sending to
> MX2, which tries to verify the address using MX1.

I did.  I saw nothing there.  See my reply which outlines the logic you
described.

> Unless you impose the additional requirement that MX1 be able to verify
all addresses that may
> originate from MTA1, it doesn't matter whether you use VRFY or RCPT.

Nothing to impose, its already part of the specification.  The RETURN PATH
is a REQUIREMENT for proper SMTP operations. period.  You don't have it, it
presents improper operations and spammers have exploited this hole!

All you have basically shown is that there is a scalability issue.

That is true.   But more importantly it will be become a redundancy issue
more than anything else, because once it works,  there will be a lot of
redundant checks against valid addressing which then says that maybe it
could fall back to a LMAP method where you just validate the domain.

---
Hector Santos, CTO
WINSERVER "Wildcat! Interactive Net Server"
support: http://www.winserver.com
sales: http://www.santronics.com






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On Mon, 1 Dec 2003 19:51, Hector Santos wrote:
> No, you got it.   And you raise a very excellent possible solution which I
> like because it doesn't technically change the SMTP protocol.  It now
> becomes a functional requirement.
> ...
> Compliant servers must support VRFY as a way to validate return address.

I don't see how this, on its own, overlaps with a proposal like LMAP. If host 
X sends us mail with "MAIL From:<user@Y>", then we ask an MX for Y to "VRFY 
user@Y", all we have determined is whether <user@Y> is a "valid" address, for 
some loose definition of "valid". (One of my domains has a catch-all address 
in force at the moment anyhow, so *every* syntactically valid address is a 
"valid mailbox".) Critically, what we have *not* determined is whether host X 
is *authorised* to represent that address. That is what LMAP attempts to 
ascertain.

The reinstatement of VRFY would potentially give spammers a good way of 
evaluating their address lists. A spammer could also probe around for a 
verifiable address to use in the "MAIL From:" part of the dialogue. In the 
absence of an LMAP-type authorisation mechanism, this strikes me as a rather 
bad thing.

Is your response to this a challenge/response type scenario, where the 
(known-to-be-valid) return address is sent a message asking for confirmation? 
This is a nasty burden on the victim of fraud. We need the LMAP-type 
authorisation mechanism to act as a first-pass filter to reject blatant 
frauds.

Or perhaps I've missed your point. I haven't had the time to fully analyse all 
the messages on this list in the last couple of days.

Regards,
TFBW


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From: "Hector Santos" <winserver.support@winserver.com>
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References: <200312011854.43717.famous-asrg@nutters.org> <1031201093931.ZM4043@candle.brasslantern.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 0. General - anti-harvesting (was Inquiry about CallerID Verification)
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> I dispute that the existing protocol supports Hector's position.  As I
> said in another message, I also dispute that VRFY can be adapted for this
> purpose in any useful way.

I already proved that it works.  You have not shown that it does not work.

You all said talked about is scalability issues and FALSE positives.

I already said that the method can not do anything against false positives.

But as my statistics have shown over 80% of the abuse are from GHOST
systems!

That is a DRASTIC reduction in illegal access.

You now also question whether a return path is not required to be VALID???

Is that a question view of your thinking?

A Return Path MUST be valid in order to get a MAIL SYSTEM to bounce
mechanism work.  If you are too assume that a RETURN PATH is not to be
relied on, than we must as well throw out all the RFC dealing with DSN and
bouncing.

Again, that has nothing to do with the "real" possibility that it is NOT
valid.  The spammers have proven that.

---
Hector Santos, CTO
WINSERVER "Wildcat! Interactive Net Server"
support: http://www.winserver.com
sales: http://www.santronics.com





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Subject: Re: [Asrg] 0. General - anti-harvesting (was Inquiry about CallerID Verification)
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----- Original Message ----- 
From: "Bart Schaefer" <schaefer@brasslantern.com>
To: <asrg@ietf.org>
Sent: Monday, December 01, 2003 4:50 AM
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 0. General - anti-harvesting (was Inquiry about CallerID
Verification)


> } RFC2821 says the Return-Path has to be the same address that was
> } presented to the MAIL command.
>
> So what?  MX1 isn't any party to the protocol exchange between MTA1 and
> MX2.  The reverse-path is completely valid as far as MTA1 can tell; if
> MX2 responds 5xx, MTA1 will do the right thing.  You still haven't shown
> me how or why any of this affects what happens if MX1 becomes party to
> a separate SMTP transaction initiated by MX2, whether involving the same
> or any other mailbox.

Doesn't apply.

Your example is akin to a user with an address maintained by an ISP.   In
general, the user will use his ISP server to send mail.

But you said, he will do peer to peer and send directly using his OWN send
software.

The same applies since he is using his ISP ADDRESS, the validation still
takes place at his ISP site.

---
Hector Santos, CTO
WINSERVER "Wildcat! Interactive Net Server"
support: http://www.winserver.com
sales: http://www.santronics.com



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Comments: In reply to "Eric S. Raymond" <esr@thyrsus.com>
        "Re: [Asrg] 0. General - anti-harvesting (was Inquiry about CallerID Verification)" (Dec  1,  5:09am)
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] 0. General - anti-harvesting (was Inquiry about CallerID Verification)
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Date: Mon, 1 Dec 2003 10:30:28 +0000

On Dec 1,  5:09am, Eric S. Raymond wrote:
}
} Bart Schaefer <schaefer@brasslantern.com>:
} > } RFC2821 says the Return-Path has to be the same address that was
} > } presented to the MAIL command.
} > 
} > So what?  MX1 isn't any party to the protocol exchange between MTA1 and
} > MX2.  The reverse-path is completely valid as far as MTA1 can tell; if
} > MX2 responds 5xx, MTA1 will do the right thing.  You still haven't shown
} > me how or why any of this affects what happens if MX1 becomes party to
} > a separate SMTP transaction initiated by MX2, whether involving the same
} > or any other mailbox.
} 
} I don't see how the presence of MXes matters.

Hector's caller-ID proposal determines the validity of an address coming
from MTA1 by initiating a new SMTP transaction with the corresponding MX,
in this case MX1.  We wouldn't be having this discussion at all if the
presence of MX1 were not required.

} Are you maintaining that what's in the MAIL FROM need not be a valid
} reply address?

I am maintaining that a separate SMTP transaction among MX2 and MX1 is
not a reliable test of whether what's in MTA1's MAIL FROM is a valid
reply address, because the existing protocol definition cannot require
that it be a reliable test.

If that means the MAIL FROM is not a valid reply address, then yes, I
am asserting that nothing I've yet seen quoted from RFC2821 requires
that what's in the MAIL FROM need be a valid address to which MX2 can
reply.  I further assert that if 2821 did require that, it would then
prohibit those edge cases that you've previously dismissed; which edge
cases it manifestly does not prohibit.

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From: "Hector Santos" <winserver.support@winserver.com>
To: <asrg@ietf.org>
References: <011301c3b7a1$818831b0$60c6d344@FAMILY> <3FCA9582.2080602@solidmatrix.com> <20031201041154.GA32587@thyrsus.com> <1031201050104.ZM3624@candle.brasslantern.com> <20031201063419.GA29153@thyrsus.com> <1031201070857.ZM3841@candle.brasslantern.com> <20031201071708.GB30032@thyrsus.com> <1031201091349.ZM3967@candle.brasslantern.com> <20031201093547.GA21449@thyrsus.com> <1031201095053.ZM4100@candle.brasslantern.com> <20031201100913.GA7306@thyrsus.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 0. General - anti-harvesting (was Inquiry about CallerID Verification)
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----- Original Message ----- 
From: "Eric S. Raymond" <esr@thyrsus.com>
To: "Bart Schaefer" <schaefer@brasslantern.com>
>
> I don't see how the presence of MXes matters.  Are you maintaining that
> what's in the MAIL FROM need not be a valid reply address?

Just wish to point out that the MAIL FROM does not need to be a reply
address.  It is usually the case though in non-server MTA clients (Outlook,
Eudora, etc).

It is typically not the same for MAILING LIST systems.  The MAIL FROM is the
list admin or error path.

But in all cases, it is presumed to be valid.

---
Hector Santos, CTO
WINSERVER "Wildcat! Interactive Net Server"
support: http://www.winserver.com
sales: http://www.santronics.com



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From: "Hector Santos" <winserver.support@winserver.com>
To: "Peter J. Holzer" <hjp-asrg@hjp.at>, <asrg@ietf.org>
References: <011301c3b7a1$818831b0$60c6d344@FAMILY> <3FCA9582.2080602@solidmatrix.com> <20031201041154.GA32587@thyrsus.com> <1031201050104.ZM3624@candle.brasslantern.com> <20031201063419.GA29153@thyrsus.com> <1031201070857.ZM3841@candle.brasslantern.com> <20031201071708.GB30032@thyrsus.com> <1031201091349.ZM3967@candle.brasslantern.com> <20031201093547.GA21449@thyrsus.com> <1031201095053.ZM4100@candle.brasslantern.com> <20031201101356.GZ3985@teal.hjp.at>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 0. General - anti-harvesting (was Inquiry about CallerID Verification)
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----- Original Message ----- 
> From: "Peter J. Holzer" <hjp-asrg@hjp.at>
> To: <asrg@ietf.org>
> Sent: Monday, December 01, 2003 5:13 AM
> Subject: Re: [Asrg] 0. General - anti-harvesting (was Inquiry about
CallerID Verification)

> The open question is: Do the requirements, which the RFC puts on the use
> of the reverse path (DSN's MUST be sent to the reverse path, the
> reverse-path MUST be copied to the Return-Path header on final delivery,
> etc.) also constitute a requirement on the sender to provide a valid
> return-path? Or is it allowed to insert an invalid path if it isn't
> interested in DSNs, Replies, etc.?

In which case, a null address is used.    But using a NULL imposes other
restrictions on spammers, that is why it is not used by SPAMMERS.  Namely, a
NULL address triggers a single RCPT TO: allowance and only a LOCAL user
allowance, among other things.

> I can see no clear requirement in RFC
> 2821 that the mailbox of the sender MUST be globally reachable and
> accept mails. The expectation is clearly there (otherwise the
> requirement that DSNs are sent there, or the care in preserving it at
> final delivery wouldn't make much sense), but the explicit requirement
> is IMHO missing.

That is basically all I am recommending that needs to be done, clarify the
specs and the solutions will come like no tomorrow.  It doesn't have to be
an expensive Caller ID method, but it is the only current way to valid it.
The research will immediately go into getting a better, optimized, no
overhead caller id system!

80% of the spammer base will disappear or begin to make them legit, in which
case, makes them traceable.  A remarkable improvement will be made to the
industry. The IETF will become sore from all the pats on the back they will
receive.  :-)

---
Hector Santos, CTO
WINSERVER "Wildcat! Interactive Net Server"
support: http://www.winserver.com
sales: http://www.santronics.com



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Cc: "Brett Watson" <famous-asrg@nutters.org>, <asrg@ietf.org>
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] 0. General - anti-harvesting (was Inquiry about CallerID Verification)
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> There are various legitimate situations in which VRFY or RCPT TO
> verification wouldn't presently work.  These would have to be solved.
> For example:
>
> - UUCP (mentioned elsewhere in this long thread.)  The host system
>   doesn't have any chance of verifying users behind the UUCP connection.
>   You'd get false positives here.

I already addressed this. This is a SERVER implementation issue.

We had the same problem in our UUCP software awhile back.   The solution was
to support  RFC 1128 5.2.8 and make sure that delay validation performed by
the UUCP/gateway software supported it by expecting the specific header
line:

             "Return-Path: <original-mail from:>

If the UUCP software does not support it, then you are correct.

The Return-Path is persistent across the route until final delivery is
reached.


> - As with UUCP, other sorts of disconnected delivery systems where the
>   receiving MTA doesn't know anything about the usernames attached to
>   a domain.  e.g. the user who has a catchall box for all
>   *@example.com addresses, who periodically accesses that box and
>   applies local filtering rules.  The user who just has a single
>   maildrop from which mail is retrieved via something like fetchmail
>   (or a number of equivalents).  Again, false positives.

Well,  its a compatibility issue.  Absolutely.

But in the case of the SMTP system,  at this level UUCP doesn't apply yet.
The validation proposed is at the SMTP level.

In our case, where the hosting sysop may have UUCP downlinks, he may not be
a candidate to use a SMTP based validation.  So he would have to turn it
off.

I should point out that our SMTP customers with UUCP downloads are becoming
obsolete. <g>

But we still needed to support it because in our design,  a design since
1984 before SMTP was added in 1996,   still used a UUCP mail/news format and
interface between each part of the systems:

       SMTP <--> UUCP SPOOLS<---> LOCAL MAIL/GATEWAY <--> SERVER DATABASE

UUCP customers then use uucico to move their mail to their downlinks.

> - The recipient address that is only valid under certain circumstances
>   (e.g. graylisted, or firewalled such that it only accepts mail from
>   certain sources, or has a filter installed such that it only
>   accepts mail from certain senders).  False negatives here.

Ok, but I think what with a callerid standard a place, it will help make
some of this unnecessary.

> - The system that accepts all mail so that it can update its
>   'corpus' of spam mail.  False positives.

True, which was something we though YAHOO was doing but they are validating
in the DATA state.

> Maybe they can be solved by extending the capabilities of VRFY,
> but I doubt they can be solved by changing usage behaviour.
> What would be another way?

There is never going to be a 100% solution.

The proposal simply highlights the dearth of the SMTP controls which is what
80% of the spammers are exploiting.

My contention is that you can address the 80% of the problem by having
strict definitions of the specs.  If by change there are made strict,  then
there a big part of the problem is solve when the software begins to comply.

Sure, there could be zombies.  My WCSAP implementation is using a second
fake address test and I was able to pick up many of these as an OPEN RELAY
site.

But you will not get them all. In this case, when the controls are in place,
the spammers will be reduced to traceable systems.

---
Hector Santos, CTO
WINSERVER "Wildcat! Interactive Net Server"
support: http://www.winserver.com
sales: http://www.santronics.com




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Comments: In reply to "Hector Santos" <winserver.support@winserver.com>
        "Re: [Asrg] 0. General - anti-harvesting (was Inquiry about CallerID Verification)" (Dec  1,  5:25am)
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] 0. General - anti-harvesting (was Inquiry about CallerID Verification)
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Date: Mon, 1 Dec 2003 11:07:24 +0000

On Dec 1,  5:25am, Hector Santos wrote:
}
} > I dispute that the existing protocol supports Hector's position.  As I
} > said in another message, I also dispute that VRFY can be adapted for this
} > purpose in any useful way.
} 
} I already proved that it works.

You've proved that spammers use garbage envelope sender addresses.  We
already knew that.

} You have not shown that it does not work.

I'm not trying to show that it does not work.

I'm trying convince YOU to show two things, which you have not yet shown:

(1) WSCAP works _better_ than a system such as LMAP that uses something
    lighter weight than SMTP for the callbacks.

(2) WSCAP does not impose an undue burden by requiring third-party
    SMTP servers to disavow every forged address that appears to be
    in their domain.

Your response to (1) seems always to be to change the subject, by saying
"but WSCAP works now, and needs no changes to SMTP!"  The thread on which
this message is a reply is actually an argument about just the "needs no
changes" clause, which has become a rathole.

You keep dimissing (2) as a scalability issue, but please note that it
is not a scalability issue for the servers that deploy WSCAP -- it is a
scalability issue for servers that _ARE PROBED BY_ WSCAP.  And it is a
larger scalability issue even than bogus DSNs.  You've waved your hands
a lot, but you haven't convinced me that this isn't cost-shifting on a
much larger scale than you imagine.

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To: <asrg@ietf.org>
References: <011301c3b7a1$818831b0$60c6d344@FAMILY>  <3FCA9582.2080602@solidmatrix.com>  <20031201041154.GA32587@thyrsus.com>  <1031201050104.ZM3624@candle.brasslantern.com>  <20031201063419.GA29153@thyrsus.com>  <1031201070857.ZM3841@candle.brasslantern.com>  <20031201071708.GB30032@thyrsus.com>  <1031201091349.ZM3967@candle.brasslantern.com>  <20031201093547.GA21449@thyrsus.com>  <1031201095053.ZM4100@candle.brasslantern.com>  <20031201100913.GA7306@thyrsus.com> <1031201103028.ZM4210@candle.brasslantern.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 0. General - anti-harvesting (was Inquiry about CallerID Verification)
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----- Original Message ----- 
From: "Bart Schaefer" <schaefer@brasslantern.com>
> }
> } I don't see how the presence of MXes matters.
>
> Hector's caller-ID proposal determines the validity of an address coming
> from MTA1 by initiating a new SMTP transaction with the corresponding MX,
> in this case MX1.  We wouldn't be having this discussion at all if the
> presence of MX1 were not required.

But is is only used because the user provided his address as MX1.

> } Are you maintaining that what's in the MAIL FROM need not be a valid
> } reply address?
>
> I am maintaining that a separate SMTP transaction among MX2 and MX1 is
> not a reliable test of whether what's in MTA1's MAIL FROM is a valid
> reply address, because the existing protocol definition cannot require
> that it be a reliable test.

The existing procotol must certainly defines that it is a reliable test -
WHEN USED by COMPLIANT systems.  When it is used by non-compliant systems,
then you will be blocked with ESMTP VERSION 9.0!

> If that means the MAIL FROM is not a valid reply address, then yes, I
> am asserting that nothing I've yet seen quoted from RFC2821 requires
> that what's in the MAIL FROM need be a valid address to which MX2 can
> reply.  I further assert that if 2821 did require that, it would then
> prohibit those edge cases that you've previously dismissed; which edge
> cases it manifestly does not prohibit.

Your assertion is based on validity of non-compliant usage which is EXACTLY
what we are trying to block!

My assertion is that the 80% of the spamming problem is SOLVED by conforming
to the specs.

The RFCs clearly indicates that the Return-Path: is a REQUIREMENT which
comes from a required MAIL-FROM:  with the presumption is it a RELIABLE
return path.

But that also doesn't mean that it may not be VALID.

In COMPLIANT systems, it will be.

In SPOOF systems, it will not.

What is so hard to understand about that?

---
Hector Santos, CTO
WINSERVER "Wildcat! Interactive Net Server"
support: http://www.winserver.com
sales: http://www.santronics.com



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From: "Hector Santos" <winserver.support@winserver.com>
To: "ASRG" <asrg@ietf.org>
References: <001601c3b724$64015360$60c6d344@FAMILY>  <1031130165110.ZM2870@candle.brasslantern.com>  <010901c3b798$84c96910$60c6d344@FAMILY>  <3FCA81B1.9080808@solidmatrix.com>  <011301c3b7a1$818831b0$60c6d344@FAMILY>  <3FCA9582.2080602@solidmatrix.com>  <20031201041154.GA32587@thyrsus.com>  <1031201050104.ZM3624@candle.brasslantern.com>  <20031201063419.GA29153@thyrsus.com>  <1031201070857.ZM3841@candle.brasslantern.com>  <20031201071708.GB30032@thyrsus.com>  <1031201091349.ZM3967@candle.brasslantern.com>  <009f01c3b7f3$654ae950$60c6d344@FAMILY> <1031201103250.ZM4218@candle.brasslantern.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 0. General - anti-harvesting (was Inquiry about CallerID Verification)
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----- Original Message ----- 
From: "Bart Schaefer" <schaefer@brasslantern.com>
To: "ASRG" <asrg@ietf.org>
Sent: Monday, December 01, 2003 5:32 AM
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 0. General - anti-harvesting (was Inquiry about CallerID
Verification)


> On Dec 1,  5:10am, Hector Santos wrote:
> }
> } I don't see the problem.
>
> If I explain any further, I'll just be repeating myself; so I won't.
>

Well, I'm sorry. I am very opened minded.  You have failed to show me why a
CALLER-ID system based on the requirement of a valid RETURN-PATH will not
work.

---
Hector Santos, CTO
WINSERVER "Wildcat! Interactive Net Server"
support: http://www.winserver.com
sales: http://www.santronics.com



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Comments: In reply to "Hector Santos" <winserver.support@winserver.com>
        "Re: [Asrg] 0. General - anti-harvesting (was Inquiry about CallerID Verification)" (Dec  1,  5:10am)
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Date: Mon, 1 Dec 2003 10:32:50 +0000

On Dec 1,  5:10am, Hector Santos wrote:
}
} I don't see the problem.

If I explain any further, I'll just be repeating myself; so I won't.

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From: "Hector Santos" <winserver.support@winserver.com>
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References: <200312011854.43717.famous-asrg@nutters.org>  <1031201093931.ZM4043@candle.brasslantern.com>  <00b001c3b7f5$80153590$60c6d344@FAMILY> <1031201110724.ZM4335@candle.brasslantern.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 0. General - anti-harvesting (was Inquiry about CallerID Verification)
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----- Original Message ----- 
From: "Bart Schaefer" <schaefer@brasslantern.com>
To: <asrg@ietf.org>

> } I already proved that it works.
>
> You've proved that spammers use garbage envelope sender addresses.  We
> already knew that.

Then why aren't you doing anything about it?   Do you have a better method
that works within the spirit of Mr. Crocker wishes, namely no change the
PROTOCOL!?

Or are you waiting for developers to solve it for you?

Well, I have done something and have provided AMPLE envidence that it helps
solve 80% of the spammer problem.

If you want to help solve the weaknesss, great.  Yakov gave a few and so did
you.  But that does NOT mean it will not work.

> I'm not trying to show that it does not work.

Than what are saying?

> I'm trying convince YOU to show two things, which you have not yet shown:

I sure have!

> (1) WSCAP works _better_ than a system such as LMAP that uses something
>     lighter weight than SMTP for the callbacks.

I sure did!  Check out the statistics I provided.

http://www.winserver.com/public/antispam/stats/stats-2003-nov.htm

LMAP is similar to a RBL lookup at the connection level.  RBL provides an
average of 76% success rate and WCSAP provided a near 90% success rate.

Which is EXPECTED because you are goint a STEP further than just checking
the domain.

Now I can 100% verify this by analyzing the WCSAP.LOG to see how any of the
rejects were MX and CONNECT based.  But this is obvious.

> (2) WSCAP does not impose an undue burden by requiring third-party
>     SMTP servers to disavow every forged address that appears to be
>     in their domain.

I didn't disclaim it was not an expensive process.  What I said it is a
different issue altogether. It is a scalaribility and redundancy issue.  It
is a DESIGN IMPLEMENTATION issue.  It does not negate that fact that you can
SPAM PROOF to a large degree your system by simply validating the return
path.

> Your response to (1) seems always to be to change the subject,

oh hogwash.

> by saying "but WSCAP works now, and needs no changes to SMTP!"

Baloney, I did not say such a thing.  What needs to CHANGE is the RFC
SPECIFICATION so that we have the ammunition to put a MAIL FROM: validation
into action and be able to do so LEGALLY!   Right now, MAIL FROM is only
required for BOUNCING.   If its required for bouncing then it should be
required for possible dynamic and instant validating is SO desired by a
system.

The last thing I want is be sued by SPAMCO being paid millions by Microsoft
or whoever to spam servers and the transaction is blocked due to an MAIL
FROM: conformity check.

We need to make SPAMCO responsible at the TECHNICAL level.   Once it is
compliant, it is allowed thru, at which case, I dont' give flying $%# what
the mail is.  That is NOT my problem as a SMTP mail server vendor.

> The thread on which this message is a reply is actually an argument about
just the "needs no
> changes" clause, which has become a rathole.
>
> You keep dimissing (2) as a scalability issue, but please note that it
> is not a scalability issue for the servers that deploy WSCAP -- it is a
> scalability issue for servers that _ARE PROBED BY_ WSCAP.

It still a SCALABILITY issue! The system that is PROBED can restrict
connection access, which is PAR for the course.  In addition, those attacks
are trackable!

> And it is a larger scalability issue even than bogus DSNs.  You've waved
your hands
> a lot, but you haven't convinced me that this isn't cost-shifting on a
> much larger scale than you imagine.

Are you are paper hat or what?  Didn't I say that this will be come a
redundancy problem if it was widely deployed?

For the umpteen time,  WCSAP is a BLACK BOX VALIDATION into the SMTP
process.

The REAL goal here is making the MAIL FROM: mandatory IN WRITING.

Once done, OPTIMIZED SOLUTIONS will come.

I don't know much clear I can get.

---
Hector Santos, CTO
WINSERVER "Wildcat! Interactive Net Server"
support: http://www.winserver.com
sales: http://www.santronics.com



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Subject: Re: [Asrg] 0. General - anti-harvesting (was Inquiry about CallerID Verification)
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----- Original Message ----- 
From: "Brett Watson" <famous-asrg@nutters.org>
To: "Hector Santos" <winserver.support@winserver.com>; <asrg@ietf.org>
Sent: Monday, December 01, 2003 5:25 AM
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 0. General - anti-harvesting (was Inquiry about CallerID
Verification)

>  We need the LMAP-type
> authorisation mechanism to act as a first-pass filter to reject blatant
> frauds.

> Or perhaps I've missed your point. I haven't had the time to fully analyse
all
> the messages on this list in the last couple of days.

and I certaintly spent more than I expected this weekend (I hope it is not
all in vain)

A Callerid Verification, inherently includes a DOMAIN lookup.    It has 5
checks:

- DNS MX LOOKUP
- MX IP CONNECTION
- NULL ADDRESS REQUIREMENT  (MAIL FROM: <>)
- RCPT TO:  VALIDATION
[OPTIONAL]
- RCPT TO:  FAKE ADDRESS FOR AN OPEN RELAY TEST

Where does LMAP fit in the above?  Does LMAP required an additional Lookup
(TXT)?

---
Hector Santos, CTO
WINSERVER "Wildcat! Interactive Net Server"
support: http://www.winserver.com
sales: http://www.santronics.com




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Fridrik Skulason wrote:
>>LMAP is supposed to be checking the IP of the connected client against DNS. 
>>Unless they can forge a TCP connection with the MTA without seeing any of 
>>the traffic, they can't pull that off with LMAP going. Now, if they were 
>>actually fastmail.fm users, that would be another story. In particular, I 
>>think dealing with that falls under the umbrella of 'local policy'.
> 
> 
> LMAP will never eliminate all cases of forgery - which actually has a
> rather nasty side-effect.  Think of it as the "survival of the fittest"
> in action.  If something like LMAP was universally adopted, any spam
> mechanism not affected by it would be "encouraged", so to speak.
> 
> So, which cases would not be affected by LMAP?  Now, in addition
> to all the "non-forged" methods (disposable accounts, rogue ISPs and so
> on) there is the following:
> 
>    A spammer gains access to a compromised computer, and determines
>    the mail address of the owner of the machine.  The spam is then
>    sent out in the name of the owner of the machine, just as if
>    the real owner was actually pressing the keys.  
> 
> In other words, widespread implementation of LMAP (which would be a good
> thing) would lead to more compromised machines (which would be a bad 
> thing) ;-)
> 

In the case you cite, the recipients gain two advantages over the current 
situation: they have soemone to hold accountable, and that someone has an 
interest in cooperating.

--
Philip Miller


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From: "Mark E. Mallett" <mem@mv.mv.com>
To: Hector Santos <winserver.support@winserver.com>
Cc: "Mark E. Mallett" <mem@mv.mv.com>, Brett Watson <famous-asrg@nutters.org>,
        asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 0. General - anti-harvesting (was Inquiry about CallerID Verification)
Message-ID: <20031201121604.GB11701@iridium.mv.net>
References: <200312011854.43717.famous-asrg@nutters.org> <006d01c3b7e8$57459720$60c6d344@FAMILY> <20031201103708.GD24303@iridium.mv.net> <00d901c3b7fb$222091e0$60c6d344@FAMILY>
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Date: Mon, 1 Dec 2003 07:16:04 -0500

On Mon, Dec 01, 2003 at 06:06:10AM -0500, Hector Santos wrote:
> > There are various legitimate situations in which VRFY or RCPT TO
> > verification wouldn't presently work.  These would have to be solved.
> > For example:
> >
> > - UUCP (mentioned elsewhere in this long thread.)  The host system
> >   doesn't have any chance of verifying users behind the UUCP connection.
> >   You'd get false positives here.
> 
> I already addressed this. This is a SERVER implementation issue.
> 
> We had the same problem in our UUCP software awhile back.   The solution was
> to support  RFC 1128 5.2.8 and make sure that delay validation performed by
> the UUCP/gateway software supported it by expecting the specific header
> line:
> 
>              "Return-Path: <original-mail from:>
> 
> If the UUCP software does not support it, then you are correct.
> 
> The Return-Path is persistent across the route until final delivery is
> reached.

OK, but what does that have to do with the paragraph that this is
allegedly a response to?  And did you really mean RFC 1128?



> > - As with UUCP, other sorts of disconnected delivery systems where the
> >   receiving MTA doesn't know anything about the usernames attached to
> >   a domain.  e.g. the user who has a catchall box for all
> >   *@example.com addresses, who periodically accesses that box and
> >   applies local filtering rules.  The user who just has a single
> >   maildrop from which mail is retrieved via something like fetchmail
> >   (or a number of equivalents).  Again, false positives.
> 
> Well,  its a compatibility issue.  Absolutely.
> 
> But in the case of the SMTP system,  at this level UUCP doesn't apply yet.
> The validation proposed is at the SMTP level.
> 
> In our case, where the hosting sysop may have UUCP downlinks, he may not be
> a candidate to use a SMTP based validation.  So he would have to turn it
> off.
> 
> I should point out that our SMTP customers with UUCP downloads are becoming
> obsolete. <g>
> 
> But we still needed to support it because in our design,  a design since
> 1984 before SMTP was added in 1996,   still used a UUCP mail/news format and
> interface between each part of the systems:
> 
>        SMTP <--> UUCP SPOOLS<---> LOCAL MAIL/GATEWAY <--> SERVER DATABASE
> 
> UUCP customers then use uucico to move their mail to their downlinks.

OK, but what does this have to do with the paragraph that it is
supposedly responding to?  (a) that paragraph was specifically
about things *other* than UUCP, and (b) even if it was about UUCP,
how does address the VRFY issue?



> > - The recipient address that is only valid under certain circumstances
> >   (e.g. graylisted, or firewalled such that it only accepts mail from
> >   certain sources, or has a filter installed such that it only
> >   accepts mail from certain senders).  False negatives here.
> 
> Ok, but I think what with a callerid standard a place, it will help make
> some of this unnecessary.

I doubt it.  I imagine that with or without spam, more sophisticated
filters that apply at SMTP time will be more and more common.  RCPT TO
validation will become more and more fuzzy as that will depend more
on connection-time filter logic.  Spam may be the prime factor promoting
the development of interfaces supporting them, but once they are there,
they will be used.

Yours,
mm

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From: "Chris" <asrg@rebel.com.au>
To: "Fridrik Skulason" <frisk@f-prot.com>, <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] 4. Survey of Solutions - Methods of Authentication -Trojans]
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>
> I am not sure how high the percentage of spam from zombie machines is,
> but it is growing...that much is certain.
>

Yes it is growing, but will it ever reach the proportions of todays mass
mailing?

I sincerley doubt it. not even 100th of todays spam

the other problem is that in effect we can never stop compromised machines
therefore we can never stop spam. so should we give up?

We currently have spammers who have an open system. they can get bulkmail
software from anywhere.

But to trojan a machine to send spam. no way that becomes a federal crime,
and today I believe it can be even classed as an act of terrorism.

FIRST lets close the open system, not keep on thinking of reasons to boo hoo
legitimate ideas.

then rename the ASRG to the ATRG (Anti Trojan Research group)

Chris

> -----Original Message-----
> From: asrg-admin@ietf.org [mailto:asrg-admin@ietf.org]On Behalf Of
> Fridrik Skulason
> Sent: 1 December 2003 7:31 PM
> To: asrg@ietf.org
> Subject: Re: [Asrg] 4. Survey of Solutions - Methods of Authentication
> -Trojans]
>
>
> > If anyone think spammers will move en masse to trojan systems
> to continue
> > their habit, I believe they are sadly mistaken.
>
> I wouldn't be too sure about that.  I am looking at this problem from a
> anti-virus/anti-trojan perspective, and what I am seeing is the
> establisnment
> of several networks of "zombies", used for spam-related purposes - not
> only spamming, but also DoS attacks on anti-spam sites.
>
> The connection between spammers and compromised machines is becoming
> clearer and clearer.
>
> The spammers that just buy spam software from companies like
> www.saurabh.info,
> www.marketing-2000.net, www.massmailsoftware.com or other similar
> companies
> do not use the zombie nets, that's true...you have to look elsewhere,
> for example at the spammers with connections to the Russian criminal
> underground.
>
> I am not sure how high the percentage of spam from zombie machines is,
> but it is growing...that much is certain.
>
> --
> Fridrik Skulason   Frisk Software International   phone: +354-540-7400
> Author of F-PROT   E-mail: frisk@f-prot.com       fax:   +354-540-7401
>
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg


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From: "Hector Santos" <winserver.support@winserver.com>
To: "Mark E. Mallett" <mem@mv.mv.com>
Cc: "Mark E. Mallett" <mem@mv.mv.com>,
        "Brett Watson" <famous-asrg@nutters.org>, <asrg@ietf.org>
References: <200312011854.43717.famous-asrg@nutters.org> <006d01c3b7e8$57459720$60c6d344@FAMILY> <20031201103708.GD24303@iridium.mv.net> <00d901c3b7fb$222091e0$60c6d344@FAMILY> <20031201121604.GB11701@iridium.mv.net>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 0. General - anti-harvesting (was Inquiry about CallerID Verification)
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If am I still able to follow this thread, I believe I said:

In the case of the SMTP system,  at this level UUCP doesn't apply yet.
The validation proposed is at the SMTP level.

----- Original Message ----- 
From: "Mark E. Mallett" <mem@mv.mv.com>
To: "Hector Santos" <winserver.support@winserver.com>
Cc: "Mark E. Mallett" <mem@mv.mv.com>; "Brett Watson"
<famous-asrg@nutters.org>; <asrg@ietf.org>
Sent: Monday, December 01, 2003 7:16 AM
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 0. General - anti-harvesting (was Inquiry about CallerID
Verification)


> On Mon, Dec 01, 2003 at 06:06:10AM -0500, Hector Santos wrote:
> > > There are various legitimate situations in which VRFY or RCPT TO
> > > verification wouldn't presently work.  These would have to be solved.
> > > For example:
> > >
> > > - UUCP (mentioned elsewhere in this long thread.)  The host system
> > >   doesn't have any chance of verifying users behind the UUCP
connection.
> > >   You'd get false positives here.
> >
> > I already addressed this. This is a SERVER implementation issue.
> >
> > We had the same problem in our UUCP software awhile back.   The solution
was
> > to support  RFC 1128 5.2.8 and make sure that delay validation performed
by
> > the UUCP/gateway software supported it by expecting the specific header
> > line:
> >
> >              "Return-Path: <original-mail from:>
> >
> > If the UUCP software does not support it, then you are correct.
> >
> > The Return-Path is persistent across the route until final delivery is
> > reached.
>
> OK, but what does that have to do with the paragraph that this is
> allegedly a response to?  And did you really mean RFC 1128?
>
>
>
> > > - As with UUCP, other sorts of disconnected delivery systems where the
> > >   receiving MTA doesn't know anything about the usernames attached to
> > >   a domain.  e.g. the user who has a catchall box for all
> > >   *@example.com addresses, who periodically accesses that box and
> > >   applies local filtering rules.  The user who just has a single
> > >   maildrop from which mail is retrieved via something like fetchmail
> > >   (or a number of equivalents).  Again, false positives.
> >
> > Well,  its a compatibility issue.  Absolutely.
> >
> > But in the case of the SMTP system,  at this level UUCP doesn't apply
yet.
> > The validation proposed is at the SMTP level.
> >
> > In our case, where the hosting sysop may have UUCP downlinks, he may not
be
> > a candidate to use a SMTP based validation.  So he would have to turn it
> > off.
> >
> > I should point out that our SMTP customers with UUCP downloads are
becoming
> > obsolete. <g>
> >
> > But we still needed to support it because in our design,  a design since
> > 1984 before SMTP was added in 1996,   still used a UUCP mail/news format
and
> > interface between each part of the systems:
> >
> >        SMTP <--> UUCP SPOOLS<---> LOCAL MAIL/GATEWAY <--> SERVER
DATABASE
> >
> > UUCP customers then use uucico to move their mail to their downlinks.
>
> OK, but what does this have to do with the paragraph that it is
> supposedly responding to?  (a) that paragraph was specifically
> about things *other* than UUCP, and (b) even if it was about UUCP,
> how does address the VRFY issue?
>
>
>
> > > - The recipient address that is only valid under certain circumstances
> > >   (e.g. graylisted, or firewalled such that it only accepts mail from
> > >   certain sources, or has a filter installed such that it only
> > >   accepts mail from certain senders).  False negatives here.
> >
> > Ok, but I think what with a callerid standard a place, it will help make
> > some of this unnecessary.
>
> I doubt it.  I imagine that with or without spam, more sophisticated
> filters that apply at SMTP time will be more and more common.  RCPT TO
> validation will become more and more fuzzy as that will depend more
> on connection-time filter logic.  Spam may be the prime factor promoting
> the development of interfaces supporting them, but once they are there,
> they will be used.
>
> Yours,
> mm
>



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From: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>
To: Hector Santos <winserver.support@winserver.com>, ASRG <asrg@ietf.org>
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Subject: [Asrg] 6. Proposals - Verification via RCPT TO callback
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Date: Mon, 01 Dec 2003 08:45:42 -0500
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Hector,

At this point I believe we have begun to go in circles about your 
proposal. What I would like to do here, is to summarize in this thread 
our collective issues and objects, and for you to reply once to this 
thread with your opinions.

If you wish, you can go ahead and write up an analysis, following the 
checklist in the technical considerations document about these issues. 
Breaking down the different issues in several sections might help as well.

However, I would like to close this debate for some time, since I do not 
see any point in debating this topic right now. It seems to me that 
both sides are stuck to their opinions at the moment, and we need to 
take a breather. As you have mentioned, you are going to be deploying 
this system as multiple customer sites. What we would like to do, is for 
you to come back to the group in a few weeks with the results, and let 
us know if any of the issues we have raised played any difference. In 
order to have a totally objective analysis, we would recommend to run a 
bunch of control systems that do not have the method and than compare 
the results.


However, your separate point about the need to analyze the SMTP 
protocol, and its weaknesses, and then see where the protocol can be 
tightened and holes patched, has merit for future discussion and I would 
definatly like to continue that discussion in a new separate thread if 
we can keep your RCPT TO proposal separate from that discussion.

------

Some of the objections raised against the RCPT TO proposal:

* As the specifications stand right now, normal SMTP sites are not 
expecting RCPT TO callbacks to verify existance of email addresses. 
Since this is the current facts on the ground, your specific method has 
potential issues since the sender's server might not be willing to 
cooperate with your method, or even think of you as a malicious attack 
and null-route your server. Whether the RFCs assume or require a valid 
return address is irrelevant, the facts on the ground are that no one is 
expecting call backs.

* In other cases such as Yahoo, all RCPT TOs are responded to with "2xx" 
codes, and validation is delayed until after the DATA command. Since you 
cannot continue validation past the RCPT TO command in order to avoid 
the sender from receiving messages, your method has false positives.

* Nothing prevents a spammer from using someone else's return address, 
or operate a domain that answers "250" to all callbacks. Since 
established companies such as Yahoo do that as well, you will not be 
able to detect the difference between them and the spammers.

* There exists a potential for DDOS attacks with this method.

* There are very significant reasons why the authors of RFCs 2821 and 
2505 recommend for the VRFY command to be turned off. Many of these 
reasons are still applicable, and before recommending the change, we 
need to analyze *why* that decision was made in the first place, and why 
today's environment would be any different.

* In certain deployment scenarios, the outer SMTP server has no 
knowledge of the existance of email addresses, will accept all email, 
and will not be able to respond normally to call backs. Requiring a 
change in those cases, puts a burden on the administrators which can be 
avoided otherwise.

* The SMTP protocol is designed for as a protocol for servers to 
communicate. Therefore, the authentication that is logically needed, is 
verifying the servers themselves, as opposed to individual accounts.

* This method works today, but there is no guarantee it will work tomorrow.
-------------

Yakov
-------
Yakov Shafranovich / asrg <at> shaftek.org
SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc. / research <at> solidmatrix.com
"And this too shall come to pass"
-------


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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: 6. Proposals: LMTP proposals]
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Date: Mon, 1 Dec 2003 08:48:37 -0500

At 9:16 AM +0000 12/1/03, Fridrik Skulason wrote:
>>  LMAP is supposed to be checking the IP of the connected client against DNS.
>>  Unless they can forge a TCP connection with the MTA without seeing any of
>>  the traffic, they can't pull that off with LMAP going. Now, if they were
>>  actually fastmail.fm users, that would be another story. In particular, I
>>  think dealing with that falls under the umbrella of 'local policy'.
>
>LMAP will never eliminate all cases of forgery - which actually has a
>rather nasty side-effect.  Think of it as the "survival of the fittest"
>in action.  If something like LMAP was universally adopted, any spam
>mechanism not affected by it would be "encouraged", so to speak.
>
>So, which cases would not be affected by LMAP?  Now, in addition
>to all the "non-forged" methods (disposable accounts, rogue ISPs and so
>on) there is the following:
>
>    A spammer gains access to a compromised computer, and determines
>    the mail address of the owner of the machine.  The spam is then
>    sent out in the name of the owner of the machine, just as if
>    the real owner was actually pressing the keys.
>
>In other words, widespread implementation of LMAP (which would be a good
>thing) would lead to more compromised machines (which would be a bad
>thing) ;-)

That raises the question of whether significantly more compromised 
machines is a possibility, or whether we are already seeing that 
problem limited by factors other than 'demand' from spammers and 
others. We've already seen worms that send spam, install backdoors, 
install open proxies, install SMTP relays, and check-in compromised 
machines for orders from their master to attack anti-spam facilities. 
It seems to me that the demand is already effectively infinite. what 
would likely increase if the fraction of spam using machines that 
have been blatantly taken over.

That's not a bad thing. Right now there are a significant number of 
spammers who work in the very dark gray area of abusing open relays, 
open proxies, and insecure web-mail systems. Making those tools 
worthless will drive the slimeballs using them off to mechanisms like 
full system compromise which cannot be argued by anyone sane to be 
anything less than criminal: the spammer cannot argue to his provider 
or law enforcement that a crackable system was intentionally left 
that way so he could crack it, as some now argue successfully in 
regards to open proxies and open relays.

-- 
Bill Cole
bill@scconsult.com


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From: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 4. Survey of Solutions - Methods of Authentication -Trojans]
In-reply-to: <GPEMJLCHICHEGPOKJHHDGEEPGNAA.asrg@rebel.com.au>
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This issues has been raised before. It is out of the scope of our group 
to consider how to solve the problem with zombies or trojans. While 
there are some proposals (MTA MARK) that address the issue, it is 
addresses within the realm of dealing with spam.

Yakov

Chris wrote:
> 
>>I am not sure how high the percentage of spam from zombie machines is,
>>but it is growing...that much is certain.
>>
> 
> 
> Yes it is growing, but will it ever reach the proportions of todays mass
> mailing?
> 
> I sincerley doubt it. not even 100th of todays spam
> 
> the other problem is that in effect we can never stop compromised machines
> therefore we can never stop spam. so should we give up?
> 
> We currently have spammers who have an open system. they can get bulkmail
> software from anywhere.
> 
> But to trojan a machine to send spam. no way that becomes a federal crime,
> and today I believe it can be even classed as an act of terrorism.
> 
> FIRST lets close the open system, not keep on thinking of reasons to boo hoo
> legitimate ideas.
> 
> then rename the ASRG to the ATRG (Anti Trojan Research group)
> 
> Chris
> 
> 
>>-----Original Message-----
>>From: asrg-admin@ietf.org [mailto:asrg-admin@ietf.org]On Behalf Of
>>Fridrik Skulason
>>Sent: 1 December 2003 7:31 PM
>>To: asrg@ietf.org
>>Subject: Re: [Asrg] 4. Survey of Solutions - Methods of Authentication
>>-Trojans]
>>
>>
>>
>>>If anyone think spammers will move en masse to trojan systems
>>
>>to continue
>>
>>>their habit, I believe they are sadly mistaken.
>>
>>I wouldn't be too sure about that.  I am looking at this problem from a
>>anti-virus/anti-trojan perspective, and what I am seeing is the
>>establisnment
>>of several networks of "zombies", used for spam-related purposes - not
>>only spamming, but also DoS attacks on anti-spam sites.
>>
>>The connection between spammers and compromised machines is becoming
>>clearer and clearer.
>>
>>The spammers that just buy spam software from companies like
>>www.saurabh.info,
>>www.marketing-2000.net, www.massmailsoftware.com or other similar
>>companies
>>do not use the zombie nets, that's true...you have to look elsewhere,
>>for example at the spammers with connections to the Russian criminal
>>underground.
>>
>>I am not sure how high the percentage of spam from zombie machines is,
>>but it is growing...that much is certain.
>>
-------
Yakov Shafranovich / asrg <at> shaftek.org
SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc. / research <at> solidmatrix.com
"Power tends to corrupt, and absolute power corrupts absolutely" (Lord 
Acton)
-------


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From: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: 6. Proposals: LMTP proposals]
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Mark E. Mallett wrote:

> On Mon, Dec 01, 2003 at 09:16:32AM +0000, Fridrik Skulason wrote:
> 
>>   A spammer gains access to a compromised computer, and determines
>>   the mail address of the owner of the machine.  The spam is then
>>   sent out in the name of the owner of the machine, just as if
>>   the real owner was actually pressing the keys.  
>>
>>In other words, widespread implementation of LMAP (which would be a good
>>thing) would lead to more compromised machines (which would be a bad 
>>thing) ;-)
> 
> 
> What solutions are there that don't suffer this problem?
> 
> (greylisting and other sorts of limiters might not, so much, but
> that's the sort or things that "owning" machines get around, too.)
> 

It then becomes a bigger incentive on the ISPs to start detecting and 
blocking malicious machines.

Yakov
-------
Yakov Shafranovich / asrg <at> shaftek.org
SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc. / research <at> solidmatrix.com
"And this too shall come to pass"
-------


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Subject: Re: [Asrg] 6. Proposals - depracate all list/bulk mailing and
 changeto  RSS
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Date: Mon, 1 Dec 2003 09:54:32 -0500

At 12:11 PM -0800 11/30/03, Bill Pease wrote:
>  >Email is being abused as a broadcast medium.  By deprecating all mass
>>mailings, and going RSS (i.e. pull feeds), we will cut the rug out from
>>under the feet of so-called "legitimate bulk e-mailers".  Such a thing
>>will no longer exist by definition.  They will stick out like sore
>>thumbs.  Legitimate communities of interest can use RSS or internal
>>usenet feeds or web-bords or whatever.
>
>To recommend that "legitimate communities of interest" abandon their 
>current communication practices and switch to a distribution 
>mechanism that has virtually no market penetration seems as extreme 
>to me as attempting to redesign SMTP from the ground up to cure the 
>spam problem.
>
>RSS feeds have a long way to go before legitimate email publishers 
>(such as all of my company's clients - member-based organizations 
>like AFL-CIO,  Public Broadcasting System, American Red Cross - 
>would be willing to abandon push email for pull news aggregators.

I guess we each see things from our own perspectives. I see the BBC, 
the Guardian, most tech news operations, and nearly ever 'blogger' on 
the planet using RSS and marketers moving to it as a means of 
escaping the problems of email.

It should be noted for readers that you are coming at this from the 
perspective of a company which sends unsolicited bulk email for 
profit and goes so far as to maintain a fraudulent .org domain 
registration in support of that endeavor.


>In summary:
>
>Audience Reach Limits:
>*RSS readers have very limited market penetration (<5%), requiring 
>installation of additional software into email client, browser or 
>desktop

That is remarkably like the 1993 argument for remaining with Gopher. 
HTTP/HTML client penetration was lousy.

>Feature Limits:
>*Limited to no support for graphically-enhanced content
>*Limited support for variety of content types typical in newsletter publishing

These apply to email far more, and for both media are client-bound. 
One way in which RSS is an improvement in this area is that an 
increasing number of organizations are starting to treat email with 
'rich' content as spam, and simply dropping it at the mail server. 
RSS clients are just specialized HTTP clients, so that sort of risk 
is essentially zero. The issue of aggregators not directly supporting 
rich content is more complex -- see below.

>*No support for content customization or personalization based on 
>subscriber attributes

False. It has to be worked a different way than with email but 
customized RSS is no harder than customized HTML. You have to think 
of it as a web application, not a mail-merge project.

>*Limited support for tracking subscriber interaction with content

That is more limited with email than most people in your business 
care to admit. Tracking anything other than whether a user 
intentionally follows an URL in email  was never very reliable and is 
persistently becoming less so, to the point where the claims of some 
people in the email marketing business regarding things like 'web 
bugs' is now bordering on fraudulent.

>*No support for various transactions that can be enabled within 
>email (e.g., donation, viral marketing).

It seems that you have missed out on how RSS clients get used and on 
what an RSS feed actually is. They are typically not total 
replacements for web clients and the full web-based versions of 
content, but rather a way for users to see an overview of a 
publisher's current content with every item having a link to the full 
content. Anything that you can do on a website can be syndicated 
(i.e. *ADVERTISED* to people who have affirmatively chosen to see 
your ads) with RSS.

It is true that today there is not enough market penetration of 
decent clients to flip a switch and move every mailing list of every 
flavor to RSS, and that the way clients currently exist for the most 
part is a hindrance, but it is pretty clear that this is a short-term 
issue. There are already developers hooking in aggregators to Outlook 
and combining them with web browsers. RSS is an easy addition to 
modern browsers because it is an XML application, and it takes very 
little in the way of extra smarts to make a web browser parse RSS and 
present it in a useful way.

>See 
>http://www.editorandpublisher.com/editorandpublisher/features_columns/article_display.jsp?vnu_content_id=1963664
>http://www.internetnews.com/dev-news/article.php/3070851
>http://rss.lockergnome.com/archives/services/007074.phtml
>http://rss.lockergnome.com/archives/opinion/006902.phtml
>
>for some balanced discussions within the email publishers world 
>about the potential advantages/disadvantages of RSS as a 
>distribution channel.

I find it interesting that aside from the issue of whether people 
have clients now, which is a real but very likely quite short-term 
issue, nearly all of the cited disadvantages are concerns exclusively 
for marketers. This points at a significant problem for email 
marketers because as varieties of bulk mail which are not so 
marketing-oriented join the bloggers in using RSS and abandon any 
need to think about the entire issue of spam, bulk email will become 
increasing only a medium for marketing of various sorts (including 
that done by entities like PBS and the American Red Cross) and simply 
whacking all bulk  email at the server level will become increasingly 
attractive to most mail server operators. Right now, that's a hard 
decision to take on a policy level but an increasingly easy decision 
to implement technically. As the balance of benefits to recipients 
versus benefits to sender shifts increasingly away from recipients, 
people who serve recipients will find it easier to make that policy 
decision to the detriment of senders.

-- 
Bill Cole                                  
bill@scconsult.com


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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: 6. Proposals: LMTP vs. rDNS / Reverse MX [RMX] proposals
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On 11/30/2003 1:00 AM, Matthew Elvey said:

----- Original Message ----- 
From: "Matthew Elvey" <matthew@elvey.com>
To: "Tomi Panula-Ontto" <tomi@panula-ont.to>
Sent: Sunday, November 30, 2003 1:00 AM
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: 6. Proposals: LMTP vs. rDNS / Reverse MX [RMX]
proposals


> Reply below.  Please reply to the list, quoting me.
> On 11/29/2003 12:11 AM, Tomi Panula-Ontto sent forth electrons to convey:
>
> >
> >[cut]
> >
> >
> >>>Also, I don't like parsing TXT records (Parsing == bugs == troubles).
> >>>Bind and Tinydns seem to differ in TXT records, too. Some Bind versions
> >>>send extra character (space or ") (parser bug?) whereas Tinydns
doesn't.
> >>>Conclusion: I'm against TXT records.
> >>>
> >>>
> >>A bug in the TXT part of software that has known security holes and MUST
> >>be replaced anyway isn't a deal breaker, IMO; I'm assuming these bugs
> >>are only in old versions.
> >>
> >>
> >
> >It's easy to say "must", but lot harder to get all the servers upgraded.
> >It isn't deal breaker; MTAMark has very good qualities (and I think I had
> >a little misunderstanding on my side here about it).
> >
> >
> So you are no longer against TXT records, yes?
>

I'm still against both TXT record and parsing.
I don't like the idea of receiving multiple ASRG.<PARAMETER>=<VALUE>
that I'm supposed to parse and make the decision.
I want to keep things simple.

The original reverse mx proposition suggested that we should have
a list of IP addresses [=authorized/trusted MTAs] for a given network.
Scenario: "IP is listed => Allow"
Scenario: "IP not listed => Deny"
Scenario: "IP not listed (no list) = Work as before (Allow)" (Deny if timed
policy change?)

MTAMark was in this sence a bit better; instead of getting the LIST of IP
addresses (and using multiple dns queries) there would be one simple answer;
ASRG.MTA=YES or ASRG.MTA=NO - so there is no need to determine
whether the network admin has done the job.

Reverse MX proposition has been updated after this.

4.3.2.1.in-addr.arpa IN PTR mail.company.dom.
4.3.2.1.in-addr.arpa IN MX 10 127.0.0.2

127.0.0.2=Allow, 127.0.0.3=Deny

(I'd say priority field should be reserved and should be 10, any comments?)

If one wishes, it's still legitimate to inform reason (or whatever)
in TXT record

4.3.2.1.in-addr.arpa IN PTR dialup-127.company.dom.
4.3.2.1.in-addr.arpa IN MX 10 127.0.0.3
4.3.2.1.in-addr.arpa IN TXT "DIALUP"

There is a record type for this purpose, so why not use it?
Why invent a system on top of a system?

> I suppose it might make RBLs need fewer entries.  But should my ISP, a
> common carrier, have any business deciding whether or not I should be
> able to run a non-abusive mail server?  I'd rather they not, when the
> benefit is a very slight impact on spam that can be achieved without
> such restrictions.  I prefer to have RBL runners in control to ISPs in
> control, but I guess that's a political question.  I'd most like to have
> LMTP in control.

Fewer entries? A LOT fewer entries. No more spamming from dialups,
or from unauthorized IPs, etc.

Are you saying that if this MTA registering would be mandatory
to the network owners and receiving MTAs would start using it
it would not cause any or irrelevant amount of reduction in spam?

It's LOT easier to spot bad behaving IP addresses from a set of
500 000 registered MTAs than from a set of approx. 4^32 (not to mention
IPv6).
It gives us a more control; the network abuse team can block it and if they
don't or do it late, we can still RBL the spammer out.

Your network provider (aka. reverse zone administrator) should ask
you "Hey, in order to fight solicited email, we have to register all MTAs.
What's your MTA IP address?" You give them your IP(s), they add
it to the dns and everybody should be happy.

Then, go ahead and generate spam as much as you wish, but don't
come wondering what happened when your network abuse team
unauthorizes your MTA IP address for spamming.

We need rules. One rule would be that you will have to register your
MTA with your network provider. I do know some networks
would propably set every IP they got as trusted IP - and we'll be
happy to RBL them away.

This is a little change, little check, which is easy to maintain and
easy to develop support for it. If there are no major problems with
it, then why not?






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From: "Mark E. Mallett" <mem@mv.mv.com>
To: Tomi Panula-Ontto <tomi@panula-ont.to>
Cc: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: 6. Proposals: LMTP vs. rDNS / Reverse MX [RMX] proposals
Message-ID: <20031201152303.GC15385@iridium.mv.net>
References: <00e001c3b5ac$ab5f55a0$6400a8c0@INTRA.KOODIA.FI> <3FC78099.8080409@elvey.com> <004c01c3b650$60c77870$0323a8c0@Jimiboy> <3FC92518.2020604@elvey.com> <008e01c3b81b$53cbaa70$6400a8c0@INTRA.KOODIA.FI>
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Date: Mon, 1 Dec 2003 10:23:03 -0500

> Reverse MX proposition has been updated after this.
> 
> 4.3.2.1.in-addr.arpa IN PTR mail.company.dom.
> 4.3.2.1.in-addr.arpa IN MX 10 127.0.0.2
> 
> 127.0.0.2=Allow, 127.0.0.3=Deny

BTW (and I was guilty of this the other day too.. but didn't occur
to me until a little after posting): the target of an MX is a name,
not a number.  "127.0.0.2" can be used, but it doesn't mean an IP
address.  Perhaps some use could be made of the reverse MX pointer
indicating some legitimate name.

mm


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From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@ox.org>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 0. General - Inquiry about CallerID Verification 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Sun, 30 Nov 2003 15:18:00 EST."
             <005401c3b77f$0f1e27f0$60c6d344@FAMILY> 
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Date: Mon, 01 Dec 2003 12:01:54 -0500

"Hector Santos" <winserver.support@winserver.com> wrote:
> I don't see why you would want to to confuse the issue with RSS, HTTP, IRC,
> etc?

  I explained the reasons.

> The problem is the SMTP specification.

  I explained why I thought it wasn't.

  You can have a very well-defined, and completely insecure protocol.

  My point was that the problem isn't the SMTP specification
(i.e. technical issues).  It's the fundamentaly design of SMTP
(i.e. social goals for the system.)

> To drastically reduce the spammer problem,
> 
> A) Deal with access issues
> B) Deal with technical comformity issues
> 
> thats it!!

  Nonsense.

> Just imagine that you were writing a new "SMTP" protocol and you were going
> to expose it specs to the world.   You have NO idea whats out there.  All
> you can define the interface points in the specification.  That is all you
> can do.

  And if you don't understand why spam isn't a problem in other
protocols, any new messaging protocol you design may still suffer from
the same fundamental flaws as SMTP.  So you've just changed protocols
for *nothing*.

  Alan DeKok.

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From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@ox.org>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: 6. Proposals: LMTP proposals] 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Mon, 01 Dec 2003 09:16:32 GMT."
             <20031201091632.GH30566@f-prot.com> 
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Date: Mon, 01 Dec 2003 12:13:55 -0500

Fridrik Skulason <frisk@f-prot.com> wrote:
> LMAP will never eliminate all cases of forgery - which actually has a
> rather nasty side-effect.  Think of it as the "survival of the fittest"
> in action.  If something like LMAP was universally adopted, any spam
> mechanism not affected by it would be "encouraged", so to speak.

  No.

  Adding security in one are of the network changes the cost-benefit
ratio for attacks in other areas of the network.  This is a very
different statement than what you made.

> In other words, widespread implementation of LMAP (which would be a good
> thing) would lead to more compromised machines (which would be a bad 
> thing) ;-)

  Tough sh*t for them.

  By the same argument, I shouldn't put locks or an alarm in my house,
because that encourages thieves to go after my neighbour, instead of
me.

  Such arguments are ridiculous, and either originate from a
misunderstanding of the security space, or a hidden agenda to prevent
*any* anti-spam measures from being implemented.

  To repeat what I've been saying since the start of ASRG: If one of
the requirements for this group is that nothing changes, then we
should all give up, and disband the group.

  Alan DeKok.

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From: David Maxwell <david@crlf.net>
To: Dag Kihlman <dag.kihlman@htu.se>
Cc: asrg@ietf.org, scrosby@cs.rice.edu
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: 6. Proposals - Pull System (revisited)
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Date: Mon, 1 Dec 2003 12:16:54 -0500

On Sat, Nov 29, 2003 at 12:44:33PM +0100, Dag Kihlman wrote:
> I agree with Scott: people seem unwilling to make hard choices. The SMTP
> protocol is old, ideal for spammers and inefficient. Any textbook covering

Could you point out an 'innefficiency' in SMTP more specifically,
please?

That's one fault I don't see SMTP as having - unless you're saying that
all the spam clogging the pipes makes SMTP inefficient... not quite the
normal application of that word.

> communication between tiers have one basic rule: avoid communication as much
> as possible. The ideal solution is to send all at once and if necessary
> receive a receipt containing the data you want or an error message. Any new
> standard ought to be built on this simple principle. Why HELO? Send
> everything and let the receiving server go through the sender's data
> returning the appropriate answer.

That sounds like a contradiction to me: "avoid communication" AND "Send
everything"

Steps like HELO will continue to be useful in protocols for the same
reason the 3 way handshake is critical to TCP. Before you commit
significant resources to a session, you need to sanity check it. Failure
to do so leaves the door open to DoS attacks.

-- 
David Maxwell, david@vex.net|david@maxwell.net --> Mastery of UNIX, like
mastery of language, offers real freedom. The price of freedom is always dear,
but there's no substitute. Personally, I'd rather pay for my freedom than live
in a bitmapped, pop-up-happy dungeon like NT. - Thomas Scoville 


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From: Fridrik Skulason <frisk@f-prot.com>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: 6. Proposals: LMTP proposals]]
Message-ID: <20031201173512.GA4067@f-prot.com>
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Date: Mon, 1 Dec 2003 17:35:12 +0000

> > In other words, widespread implementation of LMAP (which would be a good
> > thing) would lead to more compromised machines (which would be a bad
> > thing) ;-)
>     
> What solutions are there that don't suffer this problem?
      
I am not saying there are any better solutions.  LMAP (or something like that)
would go a long way towards reducing the problem caused by spam with forged
headers.   All I am saying is that if/when some method like LMAP will be
adopted, spammers will put increased emphasis on methods not affected by
LMAP, such as:
      
  1) "Disposable" accounts - get an account somewhere, violate the AUP
     and spam until the account is shut down.

  2) Rogue ISPs.

  3) Zombies...networks of compromised machines, used to send spam
     "in the name" of the owner of the machines.
      
Those are not reasons not to implement LMAP or any other protocol to reach
the same goal - I am all for any method that will reduce forgery - all I
am saying is that we can expect a changed strategy by spammers, and other
methods will be needed to deal with that.

-- 
Fridrik Skulason   Frisk Software International   phone: +354-540-7400
Author of F-PROT   E-mail: frisk@f-prot.com       fax:   +354-540-7401

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From: Fridrik Skulason <frisk@f-prot.com>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: 6. Proposals: LMTP proposals]]
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Date: Mon, 1 Dec 2003 17:43:18 +0000

> In the case you cite, the recipients gain two advantages over the current 
> situation: they have soemone to hold accountable, and that someone has an 
> interest in cooperating.

In an ideal world, yes.  In practice this may be somewhat more difficult
than you expect.  Consider the following: anyone who "allows" his machine
to be compromised in the first place might simply not consider security
to be high priority, and may not respond to a notification that his
system is compromised by closing the security hole.

This is getting somewhat off-topic as far as the LMAP protocol is
concerned, though.

-- 
Fridrik Skulason   Frisk Software International   phone: +354-540-7400
Author of F-PROT   E-mail: frisk@f-prot.com       fax:   +354-540-7401

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From: Fridrik Skulason <frisk@f-prot.com>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: 6. Proposals: LMTP proposals]]
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Date: Mon, 1 Dec 2003 17:54:30 +0000

>That's not a bad thing. Right now there are a significant number of 
>spammers who work in the very dark gray area of abusing open relays, 
>open proxies, and insecure web-mail systems. Making those tools 
>worthless will drive the slimeballs using them off to mechanisms like 
>full system compromise which cannot be argued by anyone sane to be 
>anything less than criminal: the spammer cannot argue to his provider 
>or law enforcement that a crackable system was intentionally left 
>that way so he could crack it, as some now argue successfully in 
>regards to open proxies and open relays.

That's a good point, but I would not be too optimistic about the
possibility of going after them through the legal system, for several
reasons.  One is the difficulty of tracking them down - it may not
be worth the effort unless we are talking about a massive network
of tens of thousands of machines.  Another problem is one of 
jurisdiction.  Say for example that someone in Russia logs on a 
system in Moldavia, hacks into a system in Australia, and uses that
system to send spam to the US.  Now, where did the crime take
place, and which court would have jurisdiction in this case?  I
don't know, but then again, I'm not a lawyer - however, I can well
imagine some legal problems if a situation like this arises.

-- 
Fridrik Skulason   Frisk Software International   phone: +354-540-7400
Author of F-PROT   E-mail: frisk@f-prot.com       fax:   +354-540-7401

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Date: Mon, 1 Dec 2003 09:57:54 -0800

The problem I see with the harvesting issue is that it is very easy to lose
sight of the objective and end up rejecting viable anti-spam measures in
persuit of what is at best a palliative.

I don't want to have to keep my email address secret. Nor is it practical
for me to attempt to do so, my address can be harvested very easily from
mailing list archives (including this one).

Preventing dictionary attacks against a mail server is probably only
worthwhile for the purpose of avoiding the cost of dealing with the
immediate attack. If you can detect the dicitionary attack effectively you
can also detect the spam.


If we were going to redesign the email system ALL connections would be
authenticated and the ONLY transaction supported would be 'deliver email'.

SMTP is like FTP a very conversational protocol. It comes from the days when
people thought of Internet protocols in a very different way, as a human log
in to a different machine, rather than as transferring data between
machines. The design innovation of HTTP was to eliminate the inefficient and
unnecessary multiple round trips imposed by FTP and fetch data with a sinple
request/response protocol. 

There is actually a rationale for a multiple round trip protocol for email.
Legitimate parties do not want to send a long message body that is going to
be junked. The rest of SMTP is simply noise. Why for example do we give the
adressees of the email twice, first in the SMTP protocol, then again in the
RFC822 message? Why does it take a separate round trip to validate each
individual recipient? 

A more logical email protocol would have only two phases, in the first phase
the servers would perform mutual authentication and the sender would pass
the message header. The recpient would then respond OK to send, Not OK, etc.
It is possible that a message would succeed for some recipients but not for
others, the mail server might respond that an address was permanently
forwarded. This is pretty much like what SMTP does today, except that the
protocol would be a single request followed by a single response to get all
the negotiation done at once.

The second phase would be transfer of the message body itself. After that
shut down the TCP connection and go home. Given the probablility of very
large message sizes in the future it might even be reasonable to add in some
form of support for incremental message transfer, so that retry on failure
becomes possible.


Now consider the delta between an idealized mail protocol and what we have.
I don't see how the delta is big enough to get excited about. SMTP is
distinctly sub optimal, it is somewhat unreliable, but the main source of
unreliability these days is mail filtering. Protocol and mail server errors
are much rarer.

I cannot see the delta as being big enough to merit the cost of a
transition.


As for the push/pull issue. A pull protocol would presumably break the
protocol into two so that after the initial first phase the TCP connection
would shut down and the recipient would attempt to re-establish the
connection in reverse to obtain the message body. It is not possible to make
the first phase a pull protocol. Email is by its nature initiated by the
sender, not the receiver. We could imagine a 'subscription' first phase
which would cause the recipient to regularly poll for updates. 

I do not see how that design is at all practical. The reliability would be
abysmal.  Any TCP issue when setting up the TCP connection for the second
phase would result in the mail being lost. The sender would have to be much
more complex in order to track whether the body had been retreived or not. 

All the 'pull' phase does is to perform a lightweight authentication of the
TCP connection. If that is what we want to achieve there are cheaper and
more reliable ways to achieve the same result, LMAP for example.



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From: "Hallam-Baker, Phillip" <pbaker@verisign.com>
To: esr@thyrsus.com, Matthew Elvey <matthew@elvey.com>
Cc: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: RE: [Asrg] 6. Proposals - Legal - Subject labeling; do-not-spam l
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Date: Mon, 1 Dec 2003 09:57:53 -0800

Eric writes

> You're ignoring the reality that if CAN-SPAM passes, there 
> *will* be a 
> spam-labeling standard.  The question is only whether it will 
> be a well-
> designed one or a badly-designed one.  If we "don't recommend", we'll
> get one designed by a bureaucrat --  or, worse, a 
> telemarketing lobbyist.

Eric is completely right about this. If you look into the legal issues it is
very easy to see why the bill has a labelling requirement. 

Labelling makes no sense in the context of technical enforcement. It makes a
great deal of sense if you are dealling with first ammendment issues and
enforcement.


> We are being given an open opportunity to design a labeling system
> that works well.  What bill have you ever heard of that actually
> *solicits IETF input*?  We must *not* *blow* *this*.  

It is pretty rare to see any requirement for consultation of any non-federal
agency other than the academy of sciences.

> Matthew:
> >   1. This was tried already in California, and failed abysmally. It
> >      won't be enforced or effective.
> 
> California ain't the Feds.

The California bill has only been signed a few months. It is far too soon to
know what effect it will have. At the FTC workshop the lawyers for the
states mostly stated that they were acting in order to spur federal action.


> >   4. It doesn't prohibit software whose purpose is creating 
> or sending
> >      email with FALSE OR MISLEADING TRANSMISSION INFORMATION.
> 
> Now *you're* being horribly naive.  Haven't you learned anything from
> the history of the DMCA, or for that matter the continued and
> horrifying abuses of drug- firearms-, and porn-possession laws?  Laws
> that criminalize the possession of things, rather that specific
> *behaviors*, are open invitations to abuse.

The possession of spam software is not illegal in itself but would provide
evidence supporting a case that a spamming act had been performed.

Design of a spam feature to allow evasion of a particlar countermeasure
might not be criminal in itself but conspiring with a spammer to create such
could be.


		Phill
 

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> It then becomes a bigger incentive on the ISPs to start detecting and 
> blocking malicious machines.

Consider that ISPs have only shown limited willingness to do so in the
past - for example when the compromised systems have been used to send
out worms, instead of spam. 

It might help if the ISPs were legally required to block compromised
machines, but whether that is practical or feasible is a different
issue.

-- 
Fridrik Skulason   Frisk Software International   phone: +354-540-7400
Author of F-PROT   E-mail: frisk@f-prot.com       fax:   +354-540-7401

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From: Fridrik Skulason <frisk@f-prot.com>
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: 6. Proposals: LMTP proposals]]
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Date: Mon, 1 Dec 2003 18:07:49 +0000

> Adding security in one are of the network changes the cost-benefit
> ratio for attacks in other areas of the network.  This is a very
> different statement than what you made.

It seems you have misunderstood me - this is exactly what I was saying.
If LMAP (or something like that) gets adopted, spammers will change their
strategy to stay in business.  One of the strategies not affected by
LMAP is the use of compromised machines - therefore I fear that we will
see an increase in their use in the future. 

>> In other words, widespread implementation of LMAP (which would be a good
>> thing) would lead to more compromised machines (which would be a bad 
>> thing) ;-)
>
>  Tough sh*t for them.

Nice to see how concerned you are about security.

> By the same argument, I shouldn't put locks or an alarm in my house,
> because that encourages thieves to go after my neighbour, instead of
> me.

Now this is just stupid.  I am not arguing that something like LMAP 
should not be implemented....quite the contrary - I would love to see
something like that widely adopted.  All I am saying is that by itself,
it may not have much effect on the overall spam volume - the spammers
will switch to other methods, and to handle those we need different
solutions.

-- 
Fridrik Skulason   Frisk Software International   phone: +354-540-7400
Author of F-PROT   E-mail: frisk@f-prot.com       fax:   +354-540-7401

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> >RSS feeds have a long way to go before legitimate email publishers 
> >(such as all of my company's clients - member-based organizations 
> >like AFL-CIO,  Public Broadcasting System, American Red Cross - 
> >would be willing to abandon push email for pull news aggregators.
> 
> I guess we each see things from our own perspectives. I see the BBC, 
> the Guardian, most tech news operations, and nearly ever 'blogger' on 
> the planet using RSS and marketers moving to it as a means of 
> escaping the problems of email.

RSS has already got to critical mass, the question is whether it is good for
more than the task the early adopters use it for.

It is a lot easier to extend an existing protocol than to generate the
momentum for a whole new protocol. The IETF has not been very successful in
creating new protocols from scratch and even less in competing against an
existing protocol. 

> >Audience Reach Limits:
> >*RSS readers have very limited market penetration (<5%), requiring 
> >installation of additional software into email client, browser or 
> >desktop
> 
> That is remarkably like the 1993 argument for remaining with Gopher. 
> HTTP/HTML client penetration was lousy.

The question is why RSS is likely to improve its penetration. What is
missing here is a good client side integration.

Gopher was still beating WWW until the Web clients started to do the job
better. There was also a natural transition since the best gopher clients
were Web clients so the majority of the audience moved to the Web client. At
that point it was comparing the gopher protocol with http.


		Phill

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From: "Hallam-Baker, Phillip" <pbaker@verisign.com>
To: "'Chris'" <asrg@rebel.com.au>,
        "Hallam-Baker, Phillip"
	 <pbaker@verisign.com>,
        "'Scott A Crosby'" <scrosby@cs.rice.edu>,
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> > Whether or not pull eliminates spam is besides the point.
> > 
> > Pull eliminates false positives which are a serious problem 
> for email
> > broadcasters. It does not matter how good some spam filter 
> might be in
> > theory, if you are on the sending side you have to deal 
> with the rubbish
> > people use, or more accurately their ISP uses.
> > 
> > 
> 
> I am confused Phill. this sounds like a promotion of pull ?

Your problem appears to be that you confuse an honest assement of the
pros/cons of a protocol with outright opposition.

Pull is a useful concept, but it is only applicable for a small subset of
email messages - regular broadcasts. The problem is that for the protocol to
be pull it must be initiated by the recipient. Otherwise it is simply a
baddly implemented push protocol.

RSS does the task you propose better than a bodged version of SMTP.

		Phill
 

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To: "Hallam-Baker, Phillip" <pbaker@verisign.com>
Cc: Matthew Elvey <matthew@elvey.com>, asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 0. General -- the state of play
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Hallam-Baker, Phillip <pbaker@verisign.com>:
> > You're ignoring the reality that if CAN-SPAM passes, there *will* be a 
> > spam-labeling standard.  The question is only whether it will be a well-
> > designed one or a badly-designed one.  If we "don't recommend", we'll
> > get one designed by a bureaucrat --  or, worse, a telemarketing lobbyist.
> 
> Eric is completely right about this. If you look into the legal issues it is
> very easy to see why the bill has a labelling requirement. 
> 
> Labelling makes no sense in the context of technical enforcement. It makes a
> great deal of sense if you are dealling with first ammendment issues and
> enforcement.

(I take it that "first ammendment issues and enforcement" should have read
"first amendment issues and law enforcement".)

We're all engineers here.  We like to think about technical solutions.  It
can be difficult for us, sometimes, to recognize when we are dealing with
constraints that are essentially political.  We also have a tendency to minimax
by deciding a single best strategy and discarding all others in order to
execute it most efficiently.

Politicians and lawyers don't think that way.  They have more of a tendency 
to throw lots of mud at the wall and see which bits stick.  Trust me on
this, I'm married to a lawyer and part-time politician.  Hell of a note
for an anarchist... :-)

Our engineer reflexes could really screw us up here if we're not careful.
We're exploring several categories of attack on the spam problem. There's 
considerable danger that proposals that are politically and operationally
viable will get lost in the noise of debate as we try to settle on a single
minimax that we evaluate in purely technical terms.

Here is my evaluation of the state of play:

1. Pull systems as a replacement for SMTP are a non-starter, if for no other
reason that the deployment problem is impossible.  Besides, the sponsors of
CAN-SPAM won't accept "scrap the email network and start over" as a response
from us -- it's not politically viable, we'd just blow our credibility.

2. We MUST develop a labeling standard.  Technical arguments that some
other approach (such as MTA labeling) would be better are beside the 
point.  We've been presented a political test -- having been asked for
input in the CAN-SPAM draft, can we come back with something that assists
the FTC and the legislators?  If we don't, (a) the labeling standard will
be written -- probably badly -- by somebody else, and (b) we'll blow
our credibility.

3. Hector Santos has a point about strict construction of the RFCs being.  That
point should not get lost in arguments about VRFY vs. LMAP.

4. LMAP seems neglected recently.  This is bad.  We're being distracted 
by stuff that (I think) is less important than putting an IETF stamp on
*some* LMAP design.  I have my own preferences but I'm not going to push
them here.  The point is we need to have a road forward.

Rather than try to settle on one minimax, I think we ought to be working 
towards at least three standards-track RFCs:

1. An LMAP standard.

2. A labeling standard.

3. An RFC supplementing RFC2821/RFC2822 describing things like VRFY
   requirements (if we choose that path) and MTA labeling (if we choose
   that path).

I have a draft RFC for labeling; I haven't seen any arguments with the
content of the draft, it's all metadiscussion of whether we should
have a labeling standard or do something else.  But there is no reason
for that to be an exclusive-or -- we need to have a labeling standard
ready to hand the FTC in case CAN-SPAM passes.
-- 
		<a href="http://www.catb.org/~esr/">Eric S. Raymond</a>

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----- Original Message ----- 
From: "Eric S. Raymond" <esr@thyrsus.com>
To: "Hallam-Baker, Phillip" <pbaker@verisign.com>

> Here is my evaluation of the state of play:
>
> 1. Pull systems as a replacement for SMTP are a non-starter, if for no
other
> reason that the deployment problem is impossible.  Besides, the sponsors
of
> CAN-SPAM won't accept "scrap the email network and start over" as a
response
> from us -- it's not politically viable, we'd just blow our credibility.

Hear, hear!    Lets keep in mind also that the premise we must work with is
adherence with the current standard which means backward compatibilty.

> 2. We MUST develop a labeling standard.  Technical arguments that some
> other approach (such as MTA labeling) would be better are beside the
> point.  We've been presented a political test -- having been asked for
> input in the CAN-SPAM draft, can we come back with something that assists
> the FTC and the legislators?  If we don't, (a) the labeling standard will
> be written -- probably badly -- by somebody else, and (b) we'll blow
> our credibility.

From the developer perspective of the SMTP server,  I don't view this as a
technical issue to be dealt with at the SMTP level.   I view it as a
sysop/admin Option to be provided as part of the configuration that might
interface with with a POST-PROCESSING concept.  In other words, once the
DATA is received, the transaction is technically complete.

In our case, a HOOK at the DATA state is offered to run a 3rd party
mail-filtering process with rules defined by the sysop/admin.   The RFC
already gives us the ability to provide a rejection DATA response code (4xx,
5xx).  It discusses some examples dealing with header comformity but I
recall when we added the HOOK, there was many questions as to what responses
were applicable.   For example, in our case, our design concluded with the
possible responses:

                250  Message accepted for delivery.
                250  Message accepted, delivery pending
                4xx   Message rejected by mail filter. You may try again.
                5xx   Message rejected by mail filter

as 3rd party developers began to implement the hook,  it needed more
flexibility, so now the SMTP Data Hook offers a way to provided hook-defined
responses.

The RFC does indicate that SMTP servers make response code flexible.  So
this change complied with this recommendation.

How does it apply to LABELING?

In lieu of a protocol change, i.e, a new command:   SUBJECT: xxxxxxxx, to be
provided before the DATA stage, we are left with DATA analysis to perform
this function.

So a SMTP product can provide the sysop a configuration option:

            [CAN-SPAM TAGS]
            ADV:PORN=REJECT
            ADV:DRUGS=ACCEPT

etc.  But this will only with vendors modifying their SMTP software.

To make it work with legacy systems,  the DATA is accepted and handled by
NON-SMTP post mail processing methods.

So because of this, it is not really a SMTP protocol issue in my view.

> 3. Hector Santos has a point about strict construction of the RFCs being.
That
> point should not get lost in arguments about VRFY vs. LMAP.

From a technical aspect, I strongly belive it is required.  But more
importantly, I envision legal issues if SMTP is enhanced in such a way that
systems DO begin to filter/block systems from delivering mail that
"mistakes" can occur (or NOT), but nonetheless, done so effectively that a
commercial spammer sues for tortious interference.  I know if I as was the
commercial spamming business sending in my view, legitimate spam, and your
software was blocking it,  I will be looking to sue someone.   With
CAN-SPAM,  it makes this possibility even stronger.

So the SMTP specification must make it VERY clear every possible functional
flow operation based on comformity of the specs.   I believe when it is all
said and done, it boils down to trusted clients with valid return addresses
with strict and specific guidelines on what is considered valid and when it
is considered valid.

>
> 4. LMAP seems neglected recently.  This is bad.  We're being distracted
> by stuff that (I think) is less important than putting an IETF stamp on
> *some* LMAP design.

LMAP can help address it.  Anything that does more "checking" per se, will
work.  But it requires additional DNS administration which does not fit the
current SMTP frame work, hence it will not be immediately adopted.   Oh, I
can surely add support for it, but it doesn't help if others do not or are
slow to do so.

One improvement to LMAP can be to use the subdomain concept to provided LMAP
information. That way SMTP DNS operations do not need to change and keeps it
at 1 lookup,  for example:

         current:   mx1.whoever.com
         LMAP:    mx1.lmap.whoever.com

This way, all it will take at the SOFTWARE level is small change to check
for the lmap sub-domain.

I have no problem with this, but nothing is going to work unless the specs
are changed to allow for strict SMTP checking.

---
Hector Santos, CTO
WINSERVER "Wildcat! Interactive Net Server"
support: http://www.winserver.com
sales: http://www.santronics.com



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To: Hector Santos <winserver.support@winserver.com>
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        Matthew Elvey <matthew@elvey.com>, asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 0. General -- the state of play
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Date: Mon, 1 Dec 2003 15:20:30 -0500

Hector Santos <winserver.support@winserver.com>:
> From the developer perspective of the SMTP server, I don't view
> [labeling] as a technical issue to be dealt with at the SMTP level.

You're right.  It isn't.
-- 
		<a href="http://www.catb.org/~esr/">Eric S. Raymond</a>

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To: Matthew Elvey <matthew@elvey.com>
Cc: "Hallam-Baker, Phillip" <pbaker@verisign.com>, ASRG <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 6. Proposals - Legal - Subject labeling
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Date: Mon, 1 Dec 2003 15:50:26 -0500

Matthew Elvey <matthew@elvey.com>:
> Eric, if your draft continues to offer a labeling scheme for CE instead 
> of UCE, I'm going to create a competing draft.

Unecessary.  My draft uses CAN-SPAM's definition of CE, which
explicitly excludes transactional and relationship email.  That is,
CAN-SPAM's "CE" is your "UCE".
-- 
		<a href="http://www.catb.org/~esr/">Eric S. Raymond</a>

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From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@ox.org>
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: 6. Proposals: LMTP proposals]] 
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Date: Mon, 1 Dec 2003 15:56:15 -0500 (EST)

Fridrik Skulason <frisk@f-prot.com> wrote:
> If LMAP (or something like that) gets adopted, spammers will change their
> strategy to stay in business.  One of the strategies not affected by
> LMAP is the use of compromised machines - therefore I fear that we will
> see an increase in their use in the future. 

  Too bad.

> Nice to see how concerned you are about security.

  I'm concerned about *my* security.  If someone else chooses to run
insecure machines, that's their problem.  I don't care, so long as it
doesn't affect me.

  If wide-spread deployment of LMAP results in many insecure systems
being exploited, I don't see why that's anyone's problem, but the
admins of the insecure systems.

> I am not arguing that something like LMAP should not be
> implemented....quite the contrary - I would love to see something
> like that widely adopted.  All I am saying is that by itself, it may
> not have much effect on the overall spam volume - the spammers will
> switch to other methods, and to handle those we need different
> solutions.

  Which is what I've been saying all along, and which is why I'm
proposing LMAP.

  The point is that if we can force spammers to engage solely in
illegal behaviour to send spam, then solutions *other* than technical
ones start being more useful.

  Alan DeKok.

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Date: Mon, 01 Dec 2003 15:58:06 -0500

Fridrik Skulason <frisk@f-prot.com> wrote:
> In an ideal world, yes.  In practice this may be somewhat more difficult
> than you expect.  Consider the following: anyone who "allows" his machine
> to be compromised in the first place might simply not consider security
> to be high priority, and may not respond to a notification that his
> system is compromised by closing the security hole.

  Then you add them to a blacklist based on domain names.

  Problems in one area of the network should not affect other,
well-behaved, areas of the network.

  Alan DeKok.

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From: "Hector Santos" <winserver.support@winserver.com>
To: "Hallam-Baker, Phillip" <pbaker@verisign.com>,
        "'Yakov Shafranovich'" <research@solidmatrix.com>
Cc: "'Scott A Crosby'" <scrosby@cs.rice.edu>, "Chris" <asrg@rebel.com.au>,
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] RE: 6. Proposals - Pull System (revisited)
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----- Original Message ----- 
From: "Hallam-Baker, Phillip" <pbaker@verisign.com>
To: "'Yakov Shafranovich'" <research@solidmatrix.com>; "Hallam-Baker,
Phillip" <pbaker@verisign.com>
Cc: "'Scott A Crosby'" <scrosby@cs.rice.edu>; "Chris" <asrg@rebel.com.au>;
<Asrg@ietf.org>
Sent: Monday, December 01, 2003 1:20 PM
Subject: RE: [Asrg] RE: 6. Proposals - Pull System (revisited)


> It shifts that burden for all email senders.
>
> It seems as if what you want is the ability to read just the headers of an
> email message and then decide to reject it.
>
> This is possible in the existing SMTP deployment, just send a refusal code
> and slam the connection shut as soon as you detect spam.
>

Unlike FTP, we can't gracefully abort the DATA transmission channel.  As you
know, SMTP only uses one channel (port).

In practice (as we saw it during R&D), dropped a DATA transmission will
cause many clients to retry.

Of course, a session record can be recorded and if the client retries again
with similar client attributes (same IP, same HELO, same MAIL FROM and same
RCPT TO:), then you can probably use this information to block the second
attempt at these states by issusing a refusal code the client will now be
able to read.

However, in practices, for spoofing spammers,  they may come in on a
different IP, use a different HELO and/or MAIL FROM.  So it would be hard to
track.

So I don't think dropping a DATA transmission works in the present form of
SMTP.

PS: When we explored it, it was done not for spam but to restrict data size.
Our software will stop receiving once the limit is reach and issue the
refusal code.  All remaining data is discarded as an unknown command error.
This the best solution, but dropping didn't work. They will retry.

---
Hector Santos, CTO
WINSERVER "Wildcat! Interactive Net Server"
support: http://www.winserver.com
sales: http://www.santronics.com



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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: 6. Proposals - Pull System (revisited)
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Date: Mon, 1 Dec 2003 22:10:52 +0100
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David!

I think people just get annoyed by pull talk so I have skipped that... This
message is free from all pull arguments...

As to SMTP inefficiences:
I guess You and I aggree that it is a good thing to keep memory usage down
to have a fast server less vulnerable to DoS attacks. However we do not
count the memory the same way.

You and SMTP want to send small bits of information and catch an error as
soon as possible. The general idea is: why send everything including a huge
manuscript as an attatchment only to learn that the recipient is unknown! I
aggree. It would probably not be efficient.

However when discussing memory usage in server to server communication you
must consider one other factor: the time the the data remains in the memory.
SMTP has something like at least 12 trips over the Internet (for a
successful mail).

The thing which takes time in SMTP are the network trips. I have no figures
but say an ordinary mail (without attatchments) in SMTP takes 1 second to
send and that it uses an avarage of 0,4Kb. Then 1Mb will last for 2600
mails. If all is sent at once a mail could take say 1,5Kb and be completed
in 0,1 seconds. Then 1Mb will last for 6800 mails. I repeat: my figures are
just estimations, but any textbook on server to server communication in
DCOM, CORBA, Web Services etc stress the fact that network trips waste
server resources. Web Services are actually designed for single
request-response solutions (even if sessions, cache and similar technologies
are available). Any mail without an attatchment is so small that I cannot
see why what is true in more complex programs would not be true in SMTP.

I realize attatchements are a problem so I would suggest:
A Without attatchment
1. Send all data but the attatchment + a boolean signaling no attatchemnet
2 Let the server go through the data according to SMTP protocol and return
the first error message. Otherwise return OK

B With attatchment
1 Send all data but the attatchment + a boolean signaling attatchment
2 Let the server go through the data according to SMTP protocol and return
the first error message. Otherwise return OK
3 Send the attatchment
4 Return OK or error message

I.e. I just minimize the network trips and pack the data in larger chunks
and let the server go through the chunk according to SMTP and return an
error as soon as one is encountered. The CPU will not have to handle several
OK messages and several calls.

Again, I cannot understand why what is common knowledge in COM, DCOM, Web
Services and CORBA would not apply to mail servers. It is all a matter of
processing data and handling network trips. If anyone could explain the
difference I will have learnt something essential.

/DK


----- Original Message ----- 
From: "David Maxwell" <david@crlf.net>
To: "Dag Kihlman" <dag.kihlman@htu.se>
Cc: <asrg@ietf.org>; <scrosby@cs.rice.edu>
Sent: Monday, December 01, 2003 6:16 PM
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: 6. Proposals - Pull System (revisited)


> On Sat, Nov 29, 2003 at 12:44:33PM +0100, Dag Kihlman wrote:
> > I agree with Scott: people seem unwilling to make hard choices. The SMTP
> > protocol is old, ideal for spammers and inefficient. Any textbook
covering
>
> Could you point out an 'innefficiency' in SMTP more specifically,
> please?
>
> That's one fault I don't see SMTP as having - unless you're saying that
> all the spam clogging the pipes makes SMTP inefficient... not quite the
> normal application of that word.
>
> > communication between tiers have one basic rule: avoid communication as
much
> > as possible. The ideal solution is to send all at once and if necessary
> > receive a receipt containing the data you want or an error message. Any
new
> > standard ought to be built on this simple principle. Why HELO? Send
> > everything and let the receiving server go through the sender's data
> > returning the appropriate answer.
>
> That sounds like a contradiction to me: "avoid communication" AND "Send
> everything"
>
> Steps like HELO will continue to be useful in protocols for the same
> reason the 3 way handshake is critical to TCP. Before you commit
> significant resources to a session, you need to sanity check it. Failure
> to do so leaves the door open to DoS attacks.
>
> -- 
> David Maxwell, david@vex.net|david@maxwell.net --> Mastery of UNIX, like
> mastery of language, offers real freedom. The price of freedom is always
dear,
> but there's no substitute. Personally, I'd rather pay for my freedom than
live
> in a bitmapped, pop-up-happy dungeon like NT. - Thomas Scoville
>


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From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@ox.org>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 0. General -- the state of play 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Mon, 01 Dec 2003 14:04:52 EST."
             <20031201190452.GA9924@thyrsus.com> 
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Date: Mon, 01 Dec 2003 16:14:58 -0500

"Eric S. Raymond" <esr@thyrsus.com> wrote:
> 4. LMAP seems neglected recently.  This is bad.

  I've been busy, and the authors of the various related drafts have
resisted combining their proposals.  I hope to have more LMAP updates
in the future.

>   We're being distracted by stuff that (I think) is less important
> than putting an IETF stamp on *some* LMAP design.  I have my own
> preferences but I'm not going to push them here.  The point is we
> need to have a road forward.

  <shrug> There is significant opposition to doing *anything*; with
the excuse that the proposal (whatever it is) is not perfect, or will
cost too much to deploy, or that it hasn't been demonstrated to be
useful, etc.

  There is so much opposition to LMAP related solutions that I'm
skeptical if it (or any proposal) will ever be approved by anyone.
I'm still involved in ASRG, because I have the naive belief that we
can do *something* about the problem, other than sticking our
collective heads in the sand.

  Alan DeKok.

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Subject: Re: [Asrg] 6. Proposals - deprecate all list/bulk mailing and change
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Date: Mon, 01 Dec 2003 13:37:20 -0800
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Seems to be some confusion in this thread about whether the ASRG mandate 
is to eliminate spam or all use of email for any marketing purpose.

Marketing messages are not by definition = unsolicited email, or 
commercial email for that matter. Organizations communicate with their 
members or supporters, publishers communicate with their subscribers. 
  Think Oxfam, Amnesty International, Mother Jones.  These recipients 
have granted consent for ongoing communications, and these organizations 
want access to the set of marketing features that email provides: to 
convince their supporters to donate, or participate in the political 
process, or assist with viral recruitment, or engage in any of the host 
of other transactions involved in their missions.

My point was simply that if RSS cannot be extended to support a set of 
standard marketing features, many legitimate email publishers are not 
going to migrate to it because it won't meet their communication needs. 
There is also the larger order problem that RSS faces as a pull 
technology: it does't meet the needs of organizations who rely on push 
email to alert supporters about urgent issues.

If you don't want to marketed in your inbox by any organization, then 
don't join any of their email lists. Non-profit organizations 
communicate with supporters who have opted-in - they generally avoid 
prospecting via email.  They avoid sending unsolicited mail because 
being stigmatized as spammers adversely impacts the most important 
assets they have - their brand and their trust relationship with 
supporters or subscribers.

There is a set of email publishers that are legitimate, and are 
experiencing extensive collateral damage as a result of spam control 
efforts.  To tell them they should migrate to a distribution mechanism 
that doesn't support basic marketing techniques because those techniques 
have been abused by spammers just increases the amount of collateral 
damage the war against spam imposes on this sector.  Email will never be 
deprecated to support just "two-way communication" if alternative 
distribution mechanisms fail to provide comparable marketing functionality.

__________________________________________
Message: 15
From: Walter Dnes <waltdnes@waltdnes.org>
Date: Mon, 1 Dec 2003 00:12:31 -0500
To: ASRG list <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 6. Proposals - depracate all list/bulk mailing and 
changeto RSS

On Sun, Nov 30, 2003 at 12:11:59PM -0800, Bill Pease wrote
 >> Feature Limits:
 >> *Limited to no support for graphically-enhanced content
   That is a good thing.  If I see an interesting headline, I'll click on
the URL, and it'll take me to your super-duper/singing/dancing website.
 >> *Limited support for variety of content types typical in newsletter
 >>  publishing
   It's a list of URLs.  If you have a high-bandwidth and low-bandwidth
version of your website, offer two URLs.
 >> *Limited support for tracking subscriber interaction with content
   Awwwwwwwww.  Guess what... Microsoft is blocking web bugs too...
http://www.wired.com/news/infostructure/0,1377,60781,00.html
 >> *No support for various transactions that can be enabled within email
 >> (e.g., donation, viral marketing).
                    ***************
   Ding ding ding ding ding... we have a winner!  The whole point behind
this mailing list is to reduce/eliminate unsolicited marketing.  If I
want really exciting offers daily, I'll point my newsreader at
alt.really.exciting.offers.  If I want something, *I* will initiate the
the contact.  I do *NOT* want to be marketed to via my inbox, any more
than I want to be marketed to via my phone at suppertime.  Do you
understand ?

   It's been my experience that marketing types think that email was
invented first and foremost for marketing and email-blasting.  Wrong; it
was invented as two-way communication.  If a potential customer emails
you asking for a quote on 1000 widgets, reply to their email with the
requested quote.  That is customer service.  Blasting out millions of
unsolicited emails contributes to the destruction of the medium.

-- 
Bill Pease, Ph.D.
Chief Technology Officer
GetActive Software
2855 Telegraph Avenue, Suite 600
Berkeley, CA 94705
p: 510-540-4772 x101
f: 510-540-4163
e: bill@getactive.com
w: http://getactive.com


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From: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>
To: ASRG <asrg@ietf.org>
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Organization: SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc.
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Hi,

I received some feedback from the FTC today. As it stands right now, the 
FTC has only begun preliminary analysis of the bill. Since this 
particular report on filtering has an 18 months deadline, work has not 
begun on it yet. When the FTC begins working on this report, input from 
the IETF and the ASRG will be solicited.

Sincerely,
Yakov Shafranovich
Co-Chair, ASRG
-------
Yakov Shafranovich / asrg <at> shaftek.org
SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc. / research <at> solidmatrix.com
"All that is gold does not glitter" (J.R.R. Tolkien)
-------


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From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@ox.org>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 6. Proposals - deprecate all list/bulk mailing and change to RSS 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Mon, 01 Dec 2003 13:37:20 PST."
             <3FCBB490.1030407@getactive.com> 
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Date: Mon, 01 Dec 2003 16:50:10 -0500

Bill Pease <bill@getactive.com> wrote:
> If you don't want to marketed in your inbox by any organization, then 
> don't join any of their email lists.

  Easier said than done.  Read the list archives for stories on how
opting in to a list from company A results in "opt-in" for a number of
other, associated, companies.

  Such behaviour is inappropriate, and contributes significantly to
the perception that *all* bulk emailers, "legitimate" or otherwise,
are nothing more than vile spammers.

  Alan DeKok.

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From: "Eric S. Raymond" <esr@thyrsus.com>
To: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>
Cc: ASRG <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 6. Proposals - Legal - Subject labeling - FTC response
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Date: Mon, 1 Dec 2003 17:35:24 -0500

Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>:
> I received some feedback from the FTC today. As it stands right now, the 
> FTC has only begun preliminary analysis of the bill. Since this 
> particular report on filtering has an 18 months deadline, work has not 
> begun on it yet. When the FTC begins working on this report, input from 
> the IETF and the ASRG will be solicited.

Good.  Then the right time to standards-track a labeling RFC is *now*,
so we'll have it in hand with a decent amount of community review when
FTC comes knocking.

This goal is not exclusive of other RFCs or findings.  The fact that
"input from the IETF and the ASRG will be solicited" means we MUST
have a constructive response in *addition* to whatever else we do, or
lose future influence on the interpretation and implementation of
CAN-SPAM.

I have a draft RFC, to which I've seen the following responses:

1. Several friendly corrections -- typo fixes, advice that I should 
   highlight the U.S. specificity of Can_SPAM, etc.  I take these as
   support.

2. A technical objection that the proposal needs to use a new header
   rather than Keywords.  Incorporated.

3. One misunderstanding about the scope of "commercial email" in CAN-SPAM
   and my draft.  This is the only objection that has produced even a threat
   of a competing draft.

4. Two objections (one from John Levine, one from somebody else) that we 
   shouldn't have a labeling system because we should be doing something 
   else instead.  As I've pointed out above, this is not responsive to the
   political reality of CAN-SPAM.

I've been through the RFC mill before.  This is a remarkably low level
or controversy, and very encouraging.

I'm volunteering to be the point guy on this.  The issue interests me, and my
public fame might turn out to be a useful tool when it comes time to talk
the FTC and Congress out of peeing in the proposal so they'll like the
flavor better.  We're at particular risk of that here because the issue
has little technical depth, increasing the risk that some bureacrat will
think he understands the background issues enough to "improve" an RFC.  (The
most likely attempted "improvement" will be a more elaborate classification
system.)

Let me reiterate that I do not view this effort as competitive with
any of the other proposals on the table (LMAP, callback, pull, MTA
labeling, whatever) but as complementary with them.

Those of you with interest in this issue, please work with me to
improve the draft.

What is the next step?  If I'm reading RFC2026 correctly, it would be 
publishing my proposal as an Internet-Draft with a view to having it
accepted as a Proposed Standard.

Is this a candidate BCP or TS?  I can see arguments in both directions.
-- 
		<a href="http://www.catb.org/~esr/">Eric S. Raymond</a>

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From: Philip Miller <millenix@zemos.net>
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Subject: [Asrg] The State of RSS Readers for Mailing List Funcionality
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After the recent discussion on the list of replacing bulk email with some 
completely user-initiated protocol, such as RSS, I decided to try it out. 
Mailbucket.org currently is testing its mailing list to RSS gateway, and 
they allow subscription of any list for this purpose. The URL for the ASRG 
list on this site is <http://www.mailbucket.org/asrg.xml>.

For the past few days, I've read the list in the RSS aggregator Liferea, 
version 0.4.4. Here are my comments on this setup, which may not apply to 
others:

1. The lack of inate threading is painful.
The messages simply appear as a sequence of messages, by default in date 
order. The only other thing they can be sorted on is 'Headline', which leads 
me to ...
2. Email headers aren't preserved.
The message subject is used as the headline of each item. Aside from the 
subject, the gateway inserts the sender and date at the top of the message. 
Even worse, it cuts off the sender's actual email address, so that only the 
name appears, apparently to make it look nicer to the user.
3. There's no reasonable way to display the meaningful email headers.
In terms of looking at a list of posts, I suppose it could be reasonable to 
insert the sender into the headline as well, but that would wreak havoc on 
sorting by subject.

My conclusion is that NNTP is much better suited for this task. Mail clients 
frequently have integrated newsreaders, netnews posts have headers analogous 
to email's, and they interoperate well. The only real open question in terms 
of mailing-list/news interoperability is submission: should it still be done 
by emailing a list address, or should it be done by posting to the news 
group directly?

--
Philip Miller


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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: 6. Proposals - Pull System (revisited)
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Date: Mon, 1 Dec 2003 17:43:30 -0500

On Mon, Dec 01, 2003 at 10:10:52PM +0100, Dag Kihlman wrote:
> just estimations, but any textbook on server to server communication in
> DCOM, CORBA, Web Services etc stress the fact that network trips waste
> server resources. Web Services are actually designed for single
> request-response solutions (even if sessions, cache and similar technologies
> are available). Any mail without an attatchment is so small that I cannot
> see why what is true in more complex programs would not be true in SMTP.

DCOM and CORBA are most likely to be seen on a trusted network, not on
the open Internet. I don't know that they make an effort to address the
resource consumption issue. 

Web services are different, because the only work the server has to do
is getting the reply out. In the case of email, the server is accepting
responsibility for a larger workload - filtering, and possibly sending
bounces, or delivery to multiple mailboxes.

So, for general protocol design, I'd agree that an 'SMTP replacement'
should probably require fewer round trips than current SMTP. Perhaps
something like:

1: MTA id, Sender, # of recipients, (recipient list, if below some
threshhold), size of content
1b: Server ACK/NAK/??
2: Recipient list if above threshhold
2b: Server ACK/NAK/??
3: Content. (Or token, for Pull implementations)
3b: Server ACK/NAK/??

I have nothing against looking at replacements for SMTP - but I would
suggest that it should occur on a sub-list. It's a longer term project
than tweaking the existing protocol, and I'd prefer that it not bog down
discussions of changes that could be made more rapidly.

-- 
David Maxwell, david@vex.net|david@maxwell.net -->
Any sufficiently advanced Common Sense will seem like magic... 
					      - me


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From: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: 6. Proposals: LMTP proposals]]
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Fridrik Skulason wrote:
>>It then becomes a bigger incentive on the ISPs to start detecting and 
>>blocking malicious machines.
> 
> 
> Consider that ISPs have only shown limited willingness to do so in the
> past - for example when the compromised systems have been used to send
> out worms, instead of spam. 
> 
> It might help if the ISPs were legally required to block compromised
> machines, but whether that is practical or feasible is a different
> issue.
> 

Would then having a standard for marking IPs in rDNS space as non-MTA 
basically let ISPs off the hook? They will claim that publishing IP 
records should be enough and let the others do the blocking, instead of 
doing it themselves?

Yakov

-------
Yakov Shafranovich / asrg <at> shaftek.org
SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc. / research <at> solidmatrix.com
"I ate your Web page. / Forgive me. It was juicy / And tart on my 
tongue." (MIT's 404 Message)
-------


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Subject: Re: [Asrg] 6. Proposals - Legal - Subject labeling - FTC response
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Date: Mon, 1 Dec 2003 18:00:12 -0500

On Mon, Dec 01, 2003 at 05:35:24PM -0500, Eric S. Raymond wrote:
> 
> I have a draft RFC, to which I've seen the following responses:

Perhaps you could post the URL again for the latest rev?

mm

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From: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: 6. Proposals: LMTP proposals]
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Alan DeKok wrote:
> Fridrik Skulason <frisk@f-prot.com> wrote:
[..]
>>In other words, widespread implementation of LMAP (which would be a good
>>thing) would lead to more compromised machines (which would be a bad 
>>thing) ;-)
> 
> 
>   Tough sh*t for them.
> 
>   By the same argument, I shouldn't put locks or an alarm in my house,
> because that encourages thieves to go after my neighbour, instead of
> me.
> 
>   Such arguments are ridiculous, and either originate from a
> misunderstanding of the security space, or a hidden agenda to prevent
> *any* anti-spam measures from being implemented.
> 

I believe that Fridrik was pointing out a simple fact - any effective 
anti-spam solutions would force spammers to seek other venues, including 
the increased use of hijacked computers.

>   To repeat what I've been saying since the start of ASRG: If one of
> the requirements for this group is that nothing changes, then we
> should all give up, and disband the group.
> 

Our goals are is to determine how to provide maximum benefits with at 
least intrusive changes possible. While changes are necessary, we need 
to evaluate which changes have the most effect and the least cost.

Yakov

-------
Yakov Shafranovich / asrg <at> shaftek.org
SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc. / research <at> solidmatrix.com
"I ate your Web page. / Forgive me. It was juicy / And tart on my 
tongue." (MIT's 404 Message)
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Subject: 6. Proposals - Pull - RSS and Mailing Lists (was Re: [Asrg] The State
 of RSS Readers for Mailing List Funcionality)
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[Subject changed as per posting guidelines. Mod.]

Philip Miller wrote:
> After the recent discussion on the list of replacing bulk email with 
> some completely user-initiated protocol, such as RSS, I decided to try 
> it out. Mailbucket.org currently is testing its mailing list to RSS 
> gateway, and they allow subscription of any list for this purpose. The 
> URL for the ASRG list on this site is <http://www.mailbucket.org/asrg.xml>.
> 
> For the past few days, I've read the list in the RSS aggregator Liferea, 
> version 0.4.4. Here are my comments on this setup, which may not apply 
> to others:
> 
> 1. The lack of inate threading is painful.
> The messages simply appear as a sequence of messages, by default in date 
> order. The only other thing they can be sorted on is 'Headline', which 
> leads me to ...
> 2. Email headers aren't preserved.
> The message subject is used as the headline of each item. Aside from the 
> subject, the gateway inserts the sender and date at the top of the 
> message. Even worse, it cuts off the sender's actual email address, so 
> that only the name appears, apparently to make it look nicer to the user.
> 3. There's no reasonable way to display the meaningful email headers.
> In terms of looking at a list of posts, I suppose it could be reasonable 
> to insert the sender into the headline as well, but that would wreak 
> havoc on sorting by subject.
> 
> My conclusion is that NNTP is much better suited for this task. Mail 
> clients frequently have integrated newsreaders, netnews posts have 
> headers analogous to email's, and they interoperate well. The only real 
> open question in terms of mailing-list/news interoperability is 
> submission: should it still be done by emailing a list address, or 
> should it be done by posting to the news group directly?
> 
> -- 
> Philip Miller
> 
> 
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg
> 

-------
Yakov Shafranovich / asrg <at> shaftek.org
SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc. / research <at> solidmatrix.com
"Power tends to corrupt, and absolute power corrupts absolutely" (Lord 
Acton)
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From: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: 6. Proposals: LMTP vs. rDNS / Reverse MX [RMX] proposals
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Tomi Panula-Ontto wrote:
[..]
> This is a little change, little check, which is easy to maintain and
> easy to develop support for it. If there are no major problems with
> it, then why not?
> 
[..]

The DNS folks over at the IETF might be able to answer this question 
better since any use of the reverse DNS space involves different issues, 
on which we do not necessarily have the expertise. We will try to pass 
on the draft for review if feasible.

Yakov
-------
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SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc. / research <at> solidmatrix.com
  "Why are both drug addicts and computer aficionados both called 
users?" (Clifford Stoll)
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From: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 0. General -- the state of play
In-reply-to: <20031201211458.9D56A1701D@mail.nitros9.org>
To: Alan DeKok <aland@ox.org>
Cc: asrg@ietf.org
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Alan DeKok wrote:
> "Eric S. Raymond" <esr@thyrsus.com> wrote:
> 
  >>  We're being distracted by stuff that (I think) is less important
>>than putting an IETF stamp on *some* LMAP design.  I have my own
>>preferences but I'm not going to push them here.  The point is we
>>need to have a road forward.
> 
>   <shrug> There is significant opposition to doing *anything*; with
> the excuse that the proposal (whatever it is) is not perfect, or will
> cost too much to deploy, or that it hasn't been demonstrated to be
> useful, etc.
> 
>   There is so much opposition to LMAP related solutions that I'm
> skeptical if it (or any proposal) will ever be approved by anyone.
> I'm still involved in ASRG, because I have the naive belief that we
> can do *something* about the problem, other than sticking our
> collective heads in the sand.
> 

We are trying to re-organize and move the group forward. While it may 
seem that no useful activity is going forth, we are working actively 
behind the scenes to make things happen. We are hoping to reorganize the 
group along the lines of a multiple subgroups, each focuses on a 
specific task, and consisting of a small number of a participants that 
can work effectively together away from the noise of the main list. We 
are also working on getting different industry players involved, so they 
can contribute. We also are working on setting up or figuring out a way 
on how to be able to evaluate proposals.

Please bear with us for some time as we try to move this forward.

Yakov
-------
Yakov Shafranovich / asrg <at> shaftek.org
SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc. / research <at> solidmatrix.com
"One who watches the wind will never sow, and one who keeps his eyes on 
the clouds will never reap" (Ecclesiastes 11:4)
-------


_______________________________________________
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Asrg@ietf.org
https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg



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From: "Eric S. Raymond" <esr@thyrsus.com>
To: "Mark E. Mallett" <mem@mv.mv.com>
Cc: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>, ASRG <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 6. Proposals - Legal - Subject labeling - FTC response
Message-ID: <20031201230702.GA17669@thyrsus.com>
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Date: Mon, 1 Dec 2003 18:07:02 -0500

Mark E. Mallett <mem@mv.mv.com>:
> On Mon, Dec 01, 2003 at 05:35:24PM -0500, Eric S. Raymond wrote:
> > 
> > I have a draft RFC, to which I've seen the following responses:
> 
> Perhaps you could post the URL again for the latest rev?

I haven't webbed it yet.  Here it is:

Anti Spam Research Group                                    Eric Raymond
Internet-Draft                                    Open Source Initiative
Expires: XXXX XX, 2004                                       Nov 26 2003




          Requirements for Advertising and Bulk Email


Status of this Memo
 
 This document is an Internet-Draft and is in full conformance with
 all provisions of Section 10 of RFC2026.
 
 Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
 Task Force (IETF), its areas, and its working groups.  Note that
 other groups may also distribute working documents as
 Internet-Drafts.
 
 Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six
 months and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other
 documents at any time.  It is inappropriate to use Internet-
 Drafts as reference material or to cite them other than as
 "work in progress."
 
 The list of current Internet-Drafts can be accessed at
 http://www.ietf.org/ietf/1id-abstracts.txt.
 
 The list of Internet-Draft Shadow Directories can be accessed
 at http://www.ietf.org/shadow.html.
 
 This Internet-Draft will expire on XXXX XX, 2004.

Copyright Notice
 
 Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2003).  All Rights
 Reserved.

Abstract

 This Internet-Draft describes standards for labeling of commercial
 and bulk email.


1. Introduction

 The "CAN-SPAM Act of 2003" [CAN-SPAM] amends U.S. Federal law 
 to read in part (11.2):
 
    The Commission shall transmit to the Senate Committee on
    Commerce, Science, and Transportation and the House of
    Representatives Committee on Energy and Commerce--a report,
    within 18 months after the date of enactment of this Act,
    that sets forth a plan for requiring commercial electronic
    mail to be identifiable from its subject line, by means of
    compliance with Internet Engineering Task Force Standards,
    the use of the characters `ADV' in the subject line, or other
    comparable identifier, or an explanation of any concerns the
    Commission has that cause the Commission to recommend against
    the plan.

 The IETF accepts this as a request to develop a technical
 recommendation for requirements on commercial email that will
 support the purposes of the Act.


2. Definitions

 The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL
 NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and
 "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described
 in [RFC2119].

 For purposes of this RFC, "commercial email" is email sent for
 the purpose of advertising a product or service, but not
 including transactional or relationship messages.  See CAN-SPAM
 Section 3.2.

 For purposes of this RFC, "bulk email" is mail duplicated to a
 list of one hundred (100) or more recipients in substantially
 identical form; that is, such that the variations do not affect
 the meaning of the mail as it is read by a human being.

 For purposes of this RFC, "porn email" is mail which either
 contains pornographic content or which offers access to such
 material.  In U.S. jurisdictions, the relevant legal definition
 is section 2256 of title 18, United States Code.


3  Labeling methods

3.1  The ADV convention

 Commercial email from reputable firms is often labeled with the
 prefix "ADV:" in the Subject header.  

 This has the advantage of being readily visible, because
 effectively all mail readers display mail subject lines in their
 summary views.  It has the disadvantage that, because of the way
 many mailreaders generate reply subject lines, the label may
 persist in replies where it is not appropriate,

3.2  The Sender-Keywords header

 The Sender-Keywords header contains keywords describing the content
 of the mail.  Keywords are separated by whitespace and/or commas.
 For purposes of conformance to the requirements of [CAN-SPAM], the
 following keywords are defined:

    advertising     Applicable to any commercial email

    bulk            Applicable to any bulk email

    porn            Applicable to any porn email

 The Sender-Keywords is a necessary part of the sender's compliance with
 [CAN-SPAM] and SHOULD NOT be removed or rewritten by relaying systems,
 MTAs, or MUAs


4. Opt-out support

 The List-Unsubscribe header, defined in [RFC2369], supports list
 unsubscription via mechanisms including: 
 
     (a) a mailto: URL with the property that sending
         mail to it unsubscribes the sender.

     (b) a URL to a page where the user may enter an
         address to be unsubscribed.

 The presence of these mechanisms fulfills the requirements of
 [CAN-SPAM] 5.3.


5. Accountability and transparency

 The List-Owner header, defined in [RFC2369], specifies a
 responsible list administrator to cope with situations in whicch
 the List-Unsubscribe mechanisms are inadequate or temporarily
 faulty.

 The List-Owner header is optional and may be omitted if the
 responsible person is the postmaster of the originating system.


6.  Conformance requirements

 These conformance requirements directly address the legal
 requirements of [CAN-SPAM], and will constitute the Internet
 Engineering Task Force's recommendation to the Federal 
 Trade Commission as solicited in section 11.2.

 Commercial electronic mail MUST be labeled using at least one of
 either the ADV: Subject-line prefix or the token "advertising" in
 a Sender-Keywords header.

 Bulk email MAY be labeled with the token "bulk" in a Keywords
 header.  Commercial bulk email MUST be so labeled.

 Porn email MAY be labeled with the token "porn" in a Keywords
 header.  Commercial porn email MUST be so labeled.

 Commercial bulk email MUST include a List-Unsubscribe header
 implementing the RFC2369 proposal.

 Commercial bulk email SHOULD, if the responsible sender is not the
 postmaster of the originating system, include a List-Owner
 header implementing the RFC2369 proposal.


7. Rationale

 In the interests of making adoption as rapid and painless as
 possible, this RFC extends and codifies existing practice rather
 than inventing new mechanisms.

 ADV: by itself is not sufficient.  The user's MUA might render
 the Subject line in a CJK or other encoding in which the characters
 "ADV:" don't exist.

 The temptation to design a classification system for
 advertising, permitting more exact labeling than "ADV:", is
 strong.  However, no such elaborate system is required by
 [CAN-SPAM], and were we to invent one it might in fact be
 unenforceable under the Act.  Furthermore, the boundaries of
 such a system would be a subject of endless dispute, both during
 design and after implementation.

 The conformance requirements have been designed to have minimal
 impact on individual mail senders, maximal impact on commercial bulk
 mailers.  In particular, the guidelines on labeling non-bulk mail in
 the "advertising" and "porn" classes are written with MAY rather than
 SHOULD because the spam problem isn't caused by one-to-one
 communication.

 Internationalization was considered.  With a total inventory of four
 tokens intended to be machine-readable (rather than presented
 directly to humans), the benefits seem small and the added complexity
 of a multilingual vocabulary rather pointless.



6. References

[CAN-SPAM] "An Act to regulate interstate commerce by imposing
           limitations and penalties on the transmission of
           unsolicited commercial electronic mail via the
           Internet".  S.877, passed the U.S. House or 
           Representatives on 21 Nov 2003.

[RFC2119]  "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement
           Level"; Scott Bradner.

[RFC2822]  "RFC 2822 - Internet Message Format"; Peter Resnick
           (Editor).

[RFC2369]  "The Use of URLs as Meta-Syntax for Core Mail List
           Commands and their Transport through Message Header
           Fields"; Joshua D. Baer & Grant Neufeld.


Authors' Addresses
 
 Eric S. Raymond
 Open Source Initiative
 6 Karen Drive,
 Malvern PA 19355
 US
 
 EMail: esr@thyrsus.com
 URI:   http://www.catb.org/


Full Copyright Statement
 
 Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2003).  All Rights
 Reserved.
 
 This document and translations of it may be copied and
 furnished to others, and derivative works that comment on or
 otherwise explain it or assist in its implementation may be
 prepared, copied, published and distributed, in whole or in
 part, without restriction of any kind, provided that the above
 copyright notice and this paragraph are included on all such
 copies and derivative works.  However, this document itself may
 not be modified in any way, such as by removing the copyright
 notice or references to the Internet Society or other Internet
 organizations, except as needed for the purpose of developing
 Internet standards in which case the procedures for copyrights
 defined in the Internet Standards process must be followed, or
 as required to translate it into languages other than English.
 
 The limited permissions granted above are perpetual and will
 not be revoked by the Internet Society or its successors or
 assigns.
 
 This document and the information contained herein is provided
 on an "AS IS" basis and THE INTERNET SOCIETY AND THE INTERNET
 ENGINEERING TASK FORCE DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR
 IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY WARRANTY THAT THE USE
 OF THE INFORMATION HEREIN WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY RIGHTS OR ANY
 IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A
 PARTICULAR PURPOSE.


Acknowledgements
 
 Funding for the RFC Editor function is currently provided by
 the Internet Society.

-- 
		<a href="http://www.catb.org/~esr/">Eric S. Raymond</a>

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From: "Eric S. Raymond" <esr@thyrsus.com>
To: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>
Cc: Alan DeKok <aland@ox.org>, asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 0. General -- the state of play
Message-ID: <20031201231755.GA26814@thyrsus.com>
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Date: Mon, 1 Dec 2003 18:17:55 -0500

Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>:
>  [...]                             We are hoping to reorganize the 
> group along the lines of a multiple subgroups, each focuses on a 
> specific task, and consisting of a small number of a participants that 
> can work effectively together away from the noise of the main list. We 
> are also working on getting different industry players involved, so they 
> can contribute. We also are working on setting up or figuring out a way 
> on how to be able to evaluate proposals.

As should now be clear. I am volunteering to lead the labeling subgroup,
if there is one.

> Please bear with us for some time as we try to move this forward.

Sorry, my intention was not to add to your troubles.  I will cheerfully 
cooperate with the process.
-- 
		<a href="http://www.catb.org/~esr/">Eric S. Raymond</a>

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From: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 6. Proposals - Legal - Subject labeling - FTC response
In-reply-to: <20031201230702.GA17669@thyrsus.com>
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Eric S. Raymond wrote:

> Mark E. Mallett <mem@mv.mv.com>:
> 
>>On Mon, Dec 01, 2003 at 05:35:24PM -0500, Eric S. Raymond wrote:
>>
>>>I have a draft RFC, to which I've seen the following responses:
>>
>>Perhaps you could post the URL again for the latest rev?
> 
> 
> I haven't webbed it yet.  Here it is:
> 
> 

This document has been added to the ASRG worksite at the following URL:

http://asrg.kavi.com/apps/group_public/download.php/17/draft-irtf-asrg-filtering-can-spam-00.txt

Yakov
-------
Yakov Shafranovich / asrg <at> shaftek.org
SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc. / research <at> solidmatrix.com
"I ate your Web page. / Forgive me. It was juicy / And tart on my 
tongue." (MIT's 404 Message)
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>
> Please bear with us for some time as we try to move this forward.
>

Sorry Yakov I did not get this far before shooting off my "to poll or not to
poll"

I will wait to see what you shake out of the bushes first

Regards
Chris



> -----Original Message-----
> From: asrg-admin@ietf.org [mailto:asrg-admin@ietf.org]On Behalf Of Yakov
> Shafranovich
> Sent: Tuesday, December 02, 2003 9:32 AM
> To: Alan DeKok
> Cc: asrg@ietf.org
> Subject: Re: [Asrg] 0. General -- the state of play
>
>
> Alan DeKok wrote:
> > "Eric S. Raymond" <esr@thyrsus.com> wrote:
> >
>   >>  We're being distracted by stuff that (I think) is less important
> >>than putting an IETF stamp on *some* LMAP design.  I have my own
> >>preferences but I'm not going to push them here.  The point is we
> >>need to have a road forward.
> >
> >   <shrug> There is significant opposition to doing *anything*; with
> > the excuse that the proposal (whatever it is) is not perfect, or will
> > cost too much to deploy, or that it hasn't been demonstrated to be
> > useful, etc.
> >
> >   There is so much opposition to LMAP related solutions that I'm
> > skeptical if it (or any proposal) will ever be approved by anyone.
> > I'm still involved in ASRG, because I have the naive belief that we
> > can do *something* about the problem, other than sticking our
> > collective heads in the sand.
> >
>
> We are trying to re-organize and move the group forward. While it may
> seem that no useful activity is going forth, we are working actively
> behind the scenes to make things happen. We are hoping to reorganize the
> group along the lines of a multiple subgroups, each focuses on a
> specific task, and consisting of a small number of a participants that
> can work effectively together away from the noise of the main list. We
> are also working on getting different industry players involved, so they
> can contribute. We also are working on setting up or figuring out a way
> on how to be able to evaluate proposals.
>
> Please bear with us for some time as we try to move this forward.
>
> Yakov
> -------
> Yakov Shafranovich / asrg <at> shaftek.org
> SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc. / research <at> solidmatrix.com
> "One who watches the wind will never sow, and one who keeps his eyes on
> the clouds will never reap" (Ecclesiastes 11:4)
> -------
>
>
> _______________________________________________
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From: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 6. Proposals - Legal - Subject labeling - FTC response
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Eric S. Raymond wrote:

> Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>:
> 
>>I received some feedback from the FTC today. As it stands right now, the 
>>FTC has only begun preliminary analysis of the bill. Since this 
>>particular report on filtering has an 18 months deadline, work has not 
>>begun on it yet. When the FTC begins working on this report, input from 
>>the IETF and the ASRG will be solicited.
> 
> 
> Good.  Then the right time to standards-track a labeling RFC is *now*,
> so we'll have it in hand with a decent amount of community review when
> FTC comes knocking.
> 
> This goal is not exclusive of other RFCs or findings.  The fact that
> "input from the IETF and the ASRG will be solicited" means we MUST
> have a constructive response in *addition* to whatever else we do, or
> lose future influence on the interpretation and implementation of
> CAN-SPAM.
> 
[..]
> 
> I'm volunteering to be the point guy on this.  The issue interests me, and my
> public fame might turn out to be a useful tool when it comes time to talk
> the FTC and Congress out of peeing in the proposal so they'll like the
> flavor better.  We're at particular risk of that here because the issue
> has little technical depth, increasing the risk that some bureacrat will
> think he understands the background issues enough to "improve" an RFC.  (The
> most likely attempted "improvement" will be a more elaborate classification
> system.)
> 
> Let me reiterate that I do not view this effort as competitive with
> any of the other proposals on the table (LMAP, callback, pull, MTA
> labeling, whatever) but as complementary with them.
> 
> Those of you with interest in this issue, please work with me to
> improve the draft.
> 
> What is the next step?  If I'm reading RFC2026 correctly, it would be 
> publishing my proposal as an Internet-Draft with a view to having it
> accepted as a Proposed Standard.
> 

We can publish the draft as an Internet draft via the group, I will 
discuss that with John. The goal here would be to start a discussion on 
the issue. If a filtering subgroup is created, this will end up there 
probably.

Yakov


-------
Yakov Shafranovich / asrg <at> shaftek.org
SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc. / research <at> solidmatrix.com
  "Why are both drug addicts and computer aficionados both called 
users?" (Clifford Stoll)
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From: Carl Malamud <carl@media.org>
Message-Id: <200312012353.hB1Nrxib001299@bulk.resource.org>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 6. Proposals - Legal - Subject labeling - FTC response
In-Reply-To: <3FCBD29C.3080801@solidmatrix.com>
To: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>
CC: esr@thyrsus.com, "Mark E. Mallett" <mem@mv.mv.com>, ASRG <asrg@ietf.org>
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> This document has been added to the ASRG worksite at the following URL:
> 
> http://asrg.kavi.com/apps/group_public/download.php/17/draft-irtf-asrg-filtering-can-spam-00.txt
> 

Hi Yakov -

A somewhat related document is draft-malamud-no-soliciting-02, which should be coming out
of the i-d queue adn.  Source for the current doc can always be found at:

	http://trusted.resource.org/no-solicit/

Regards,

Carl

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From: "Eric S. Raymond" <esr@thyrsus.com>
To: Carl Malamud <carl@media.org>
Cc: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>,
        "Mark E. Mallett" <mem@mv.mv.com>, ASRG <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 6. Proposals - Legal - Subject labeling - FTC response
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Date: Mon, 1 Dec 2003 19:23:49 -0500

Carl Malamud <carl@media.org>:
> A somewhat related document is draft-malamud-no-soliciting-02, which
> should be coming out of the i-d queue adn.  Source for the current
> doc can always be found at:
> 
> 	http://trusted.resource.org/no-solicit/

Hmmm.  Carl, should we be using the same class keywords, perhaps?  It would 
be a trivial change to my draft, as our categories are equivalent.

In fact, I see no good reason the "Sender-Keywords" header in my proposal
shouldn't become "Solicitation".  Then my proposal would simply become
a requirement that commercial email MUST be labeled with the same keywords
in a Solicitation header as are specified in your MTA-labeling draft.

This would unify your MTA-labeling proposal with our proposed recommendation to
the FTC on CAN-SPAM labeling in a nice way.  If and when both drafts become 
RFCs, they can use the same IANA registry for solicitation keywords.

In fact, this is so obviously the right thing that I'm going to go do it to
my draft right now.

I hope this will mean that advocates of MTA labeling and spam-labeling
standards can get behind these proposals and cooperate rather than treating
these alternatives as exclusive.
-- 
		<a href="http://www.catb.org/~esr/">Eric S. Raymond</a>

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----- Original Message ----- 
From: "David Maxwell" <david@crlf.net>
> So, for general protocol design, I'd agree that an 'SMTP replacement'
> should probably require fewer round trips than current SMTP. Perhaps
> something like:
>
True! The number of roundtrips is a matter of statistics and mathematics. It
would not really be creative to take the textbook as a divine commandment.
DCOM, CORBA, Web Services and COM (in Component Services etc) address the
resource consumption by avoiding roundtrips, but a mail server will have
many more break points, i.e. "Not OK" so the textbooks are not 100%
accurate. The important thing is to convince others that SMTP has too many
rountrips. A more slimmed approach is needed.

> I have nothing against looking at replacements for SMTP - but I would
> suggest that it should occur on a sub-list. It's a longer term project
> than tweaking the existing protocol, and I'd prefer that it not bog down
> discussions of changes that could be made more rapidly.

I agree. But I think we are too few to discuss this issue and the number of
possible implementations are too many. Possibly the best way is to implement
solutions and test them. My students will implement a Web Service based
solution with no connection to SMTP. I hope to encourage some of them to do
a final thesis on the subject push or pull, hopefully with some
implementations cooperating with SMTP mail servers. Since some of my
colleagues believe in SMTP I think no one need worry that the students will
get only the twisted ideas. ;-)

I would be happy passing any papers on pull to the students... Papers on
push are not cencured but they are abundant so the students will find them
anyway...

/DK


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Subject: Re: [Asrg] 6. Proposals - Legal - Subject labeling - FTC response
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Eric S. Raymond wrote:
> Carl Malamud <carl@media.org>:
> 
>>A somewhat related document is draft-malamud-no-soliciting-02, which
>>should be coming out of the i-d queue adn.  Source for the current
>>doc can always be found at:
>>
>>	http://trusted.resource.org/no-solicit/
> 
> 
> Hmmm.  Carl, should we be using the same class keywords, perhaps?  It would 
> be a trivial change to my draft, as our categories are equivalent.
> 
> In fact, I see no good reason the "Sender-Keywords" header in my proposal
> shouldn't become "Solicitation".  Then my proposal would simply become
> a requirement that commercial email MUST be labeled with the same keywords
> in a Solicitation header as are specified in your MTA-labeling draft.
> 
> This would unify your MTA-labeling proposal with our proposed recommendation to
> the FTC on CAN-SPAM labeling in a nice way.  If and when both drafts become 
> RFCs, they can use the same IANA registry for solicitation keywords.
> 
> In fact, this is so obviously the right thing that I'm going to go do it to
> my draft right now.
> 
> I hope this will mean that advocates of MTA labeling and spam-labeling
> standards can get behind these proposals and cooperate rather than treating
> these alternatives as exclusive.

Perhaps the two drafts should be merged together?

Yakov
-------
Yakov Shafranovich / asrg <at> shaftek.org
SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc. / research <at> solidmatrix.com
"Power tends to corrupt, and absolute power corrupts absolutely" (Lord 
Acton)
-------


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From: "Eric S. Raymond" <esr@thyrsus.com>
To: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>
Cc: John R Levine <asrg@taugh.com>, ASRG <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 6. Proposals - Legal - Subject labeling - FTC response
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Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>:
> We can publish the draft as an Internet draft via the group, I will 
> discuss that with John. The goal here would be to start a discussion on 
> the issue. If a filtering subgroup is created, this will end up there 
> probably.

You may count on me to be cooperative.

I am about to fix my draft to be compatible with Carl Malamud's 
NO SOLICITING proposal.  The changes will be trivial.
-- 
		<a href="http://www.catb.org/~esr/">Eric S. Raymond</a>

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From: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: 6. Proposals - Pull System (revisited)
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Dag Kihlman wrote:
> From: "David Maxwell" <david@crlf.net>
[..]
>>I have nothing against looking at replacements for SMTP - but I would
>>suggest that it should occur on a sub-list. It's a longer term project
>>than tweaking the existing protocol, and I'd prefer that it not bog down
>>discussions of changes that could be made more rapidly.
> 
> 
> I agree. But I think we are too few to discuss this issue and the number of
> possible implementations are too many.

If sufficient interest can be gathered, we can look into a subgroup.

Yakov
-------
Yakov Shafranovich / asrg <at> shaftek.org
SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc. / research <at> solidmatrix.com
"Power tends to corrupt, and absolute power corrupts absolutely" (Lord 
Acton)
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From: Carl Malamud <carl@media.org>
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] 6. Proposals - Legal - Subject labeling - FTC response
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Hi Eric -

I agree that the labels could share the same registry.  But, one of the
things I tried to do in my draft is let somebody else worry about
what the labels are and how they are defined.  It got bootstrapped
with three easy ones, but I'd sure like the FTC or somebody else
to worry about what these tokens really mean and who is
supposed to use them.  So, I'm not sure I'm comfortable
with language in an i-d or rfc like "Commercial electronic mail 
MUST be labeled".  Seems like that belongs in a law, not
a standard. 

Do you think we can, in a proposed standard, require certain
types of content to be labeled, or might we be better off simply
specifying a carrier mechanism that can be used and let somebody
else do the requiring?  Also, do you think asrg will reach
consensus in time to make a recommendation?  Those people
in DC sure have a lean and mean operation compared to ours.  :)

(BTW, I did both MTA protocol-level and header-level definitions
under the theory that even if you require a header, some
folks might forget to insert the label and, in that case,
perhaps an intermediate relay might step in to help
out via the trace fields ... in either case, the receiving
mua and the receiving mta's get to decide what to believe
and what to do with the message.)

Regards,

Carl



> Carl Malamud <carl@media.org>:
> > A somewhat related document is draft-malamud-no-soliciting-02, which
> > should be coming out of the i-d queue adn.  Source for the current
> > doc can always be found at:
> > 
> > 	http://trusted.resource.org/no-solicit/
> 
> Hmmm.  Carl, should we be using the same class keywords, perhaps?  It would 
> be a trivial change to my draft, as our categories are equivalent.
> 
> In fact, I see no good reason the "Sender-Keywords" header in my proposal
> shouldn't become "Solicitation".  Then my proposal would simply become
> a requirement that commercial email MUST be labeled with the same keywords
> in a Solicitation header as are specified in your MTA-labeling draft.
> 
> This would unify your MTA-labeling proposal with our proposed recommendation to
> the FTC on CAN-SPAM labeling in a nice way.  If and when both drafts become 
> RFCs, they can use the same IANA registry for solicitation keywords.
> 
> In fact, this is so obviously the right thing that I'm going to go do it to
> my draft right now.
> 
> I hope this will mean that advocates of MTA labeling and spam-labeling
> standards can get behind these proposals and cooperate rather than treating
> these alternatives as exclusive.
> -- 
> 		<a href="http://www.catb.org/~esr/">Eric S. Raymond</a>
> 

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From: "Eric S. Raymond" <esr@thyrsus.com>
To: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>
Cc: Carl Malamud <carl@media.org>, "Mark E. Mallett" <mem@mv.mv.com>,
        ASRG <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 6. Proposals - Legal - Subject labeling - FTC response
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Date: Mon, 1 Dec 2003 19:54:14 -0500

Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>:
> Perhaps the two drafts should be merged together?

I'm open to this possibility.  Actually the only considerations were
technical I'd do it in a heartbeat -- I have no ego investment in
being the only name at the top.  But the relevant question is actually
political -- and no, I don't mean IETF politics :-).

My draft is designed for a particular, narrow purpose -- to be the IETF's 
response to the request for IETF input on the labeling standard contemplated
in CAN-SPAM section 11.2.

Carl's draft addresses the same problem, but in a way that is
probably not under the remit given FTC by CAN-SPAM.  Therefore it
may be politically best to keep the two drafts separate, unless we're
going to try to sell the FTC on the theory CAN-SPAM gives it authority 
to make regulations bot only with respect to my draft but with 
respect to his.
-- 
		<a href="http://www.catb.org/~esr/">Eric S. Raymond</a>

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Subject: Re: [Asrg] 6. Proposals - Legal - Subject labeling - FTC response
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Date: Mon, 1 Dec 2003 20:28:43 -0500

Carl Malamud <carl@media.org>:
> I agree that the labels could share the same registry.  But, one of the
> things I tried to do in my draft is let somebody else worry about
> what the labels are and how they are defined.  It got bootstrapped
> with three easy ones, but I'd sure like the FTC or somebody else
> to worry about what these tokens really mean and who is
> supposed to use them.  So, I'm not sure I'm comfortable
> with language in an i-d or rfc like "Commercial electronic mail 
> MUST be labeled".  Seems like that belongs in a law, not
> a standard. 

I hear you.  And I think I've got the solution to your problem.  Or
*a* solution, anyhow.  You see, I didn't just pull those three labels
out of my butt -- they're the minimum set of categories required by
CAN-SPAM, which actually does a pretty good job of defining them.  My
draft refers their definition to CAN-SPAM, and thus to FTC as the
implementing regulatory authority.  There goes one of your problems. :-)

Remember that my draft is intended *specifically* as a response to the
section 11.2 language in CAN-SPAN that enjoins the IETF to develop a
labeling requirement in conformance with IETF standards; said labeling
requirement would have the force of law.  It's a happy coincidence
that it dovetails so exactly with your proposal, but that was not
my original intention.

So we're in an interesting gray area here.  We need to say MUST so our
recommendation to FTC will have the appropriate meaning in *legal*
and *political* terms.  You say "Seems like that belongs in a law, not
a standard." and you're right;  if the FTC doesn't reject the IETF's 
recommendation, we will in effect be writing law.

And I give it 60% odds the FTC will just adopt the draft whole,
because messing with it would require extra work.  The 40% chance is
that some FTC staffer or Congessman will get a bug up his butt about
other kinds of "bad" content and want to elaborate the keyword system.
In my Visualization of the Cosmic All, the most likely proposal for a
new keyword is DRUGS.

> Do you think we can, in a proposed standard, require certain
> types of content to be labeled, or might we be better off simply
> specifying a carrier mechanism that can be used and let somebody
> else do the requiring? 

Mechanism-only would satisfy the IETF's traditional requirements, but
not the request we've had dropped on us by CAN-SPAM 11.2.

>                 Also, do you think asrg will reach
> consensus in time to make a recommendation?  Those people
> in DC sure have a lean and mean operation compared to ours.  :)

I think you just helped things along a whole hell of a lot, actually.
Your draft and my draft now reinforce each other, making it
politically more difficult to oppose either one without looking like a
spoiler.

I'll have some more comments on your draft off-list.
-- 
		<a href="http://www.catb.org/~esr/">Eric S. Raymond</a>

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From: Richard Welty <rwelty@averillpark.net>
Subject: Re[2]: [Asrg] 6. Proposals - Legal - Subject labeling - FTC response
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Date: Mon, 1 Dec 2003 20:26:14 -0500 (EST)

On Mon, 1 Dec 2003 16:45:42 -0800 (PST) Carl Malamud <carl@media.org> wrote:
> I agree that the labels could share the same registry.  But, one of the
> things I tried to do in my draft is let somebody else worry about
> what the labels are and how they are defined.  It got bootstrapped
> with three easy ones, but I'd sure like the FTC or somebody else
> to worry about what these tokens really mean and who is
> supposed to use them.  So, I'm not sure I'm comfortable
> with language in an i-d or rfc like "Commercial electronic mail 
> MUST be labeled".  Seems like that belongs in a law, not
> a standard. 

if i might suggest, normally in the crypto groups, algorithms and their
labeling are generally separated out from the protocols. this allowed,
for example, AES to easily be added to the IPSec and SSH suites
w/o messing with the existing drafts. i would submit that labeling
should be a separate draft which can subsequently be supplemented
or superceeded.

having suggested it, i suppose i should also state that i'm willing
to pull this part out of the existing drafts to stand on its own.

richard
-- 
Richard Welty                                         rwelty@averillpark.net
Averill Park Networking                                         518-573-7592
    Java, PHP, PostgreSQL, Unix, Linux, IP Network Engineering, Security


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Subject: RE: [Asrg] 6. Proposals - deprecate all list/bulk mailing and cha
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Date: Mon, 1 Dec 2003 17:50:36 -0800

> My point was simply that if RSS cannot be extended to support 
> a set of 
> standard marketing features, many legitimate email publishers are not 
> going to migrate to it because it won't meet their 
> communication needs. 
> There is also the larger order problem that RSS faces as a pull 
> technology: it does't meet the needs of organizations who 
> rely on push 
> email to alert supporters about urgent issues.

I am not sure about that, I am pretty sure that there is an RSS feed on the
Dean campaign public blog. But the wider point about the need to mix push
with pull is surely right.

My view of pull is that I want to be able to subscribe to information feeds
and have my wireless gizmo opportunistically grab information onto it. So I
am wandering arround and my handheld is sucking bits from whatever network
is available and advertises itself as being public access. (Anyone want to
propose a SID naming convention for 802.11b?).

My use of that material would be browsing rather than surfing. In the early
days of the Web it was NOT an interactive resource, there was not a lot of
content. The browsing metaphor was appropriate because the Web was like a
book that you read in a random order and at haphazard times. The metaphor
changed to surfing when the interactive stuff started.

I would like to be able to connect to CNET, Wired, Salon, Buzzflash, and
similar news format sites and have the information available for me to read
whenever I want, even when I am not connected (a plane with no Internet
connectivity). This would clearly not be appropriate for slashdot, or a lot
of other sites.

I would also like to be able to connect to my bank accounts as a personal
RSS feed, also any businesses I have accounts with. I want Microsoft Money
to automatically keep me in sync. Email does not seem to be working for
invoicing - yet.


Sure there are some tweaks the protocol could benefit from, who do we need
to get involved to find out what those tweaks are? What forum could we useto
drive development of the RSS protocol?

		Phill
 

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From: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 6. Proposals - Legal - Subject labeling - FTC response
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Eric S. Raymond wrote:
> Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>:
> 
>>Perhaps the two drafts should be merged together?
> 
> 
> I'm open to this possibility.  Actually the only considerations were
> technical I'd do it in a heartbeat -- I have no ego investment in
> being the only name at the top.  But the relevant question is actually
> political -- and no, I don't mean IETF politics :-).
> 
> My draft is designed for a particular, narrow purpose -- to be the IETF's 
> response to the request for IETF input on the labeling standard contemplated
> in CAN-SPAM section 11.2.
> 

It seems to us that there is no further research possible within the 
scope of ASRG for this draft, considering its narrow focus. As it stands 
now, the proper forum for this discussion would probably be the IETF.

Therefore, what we would suggest, is to submit the draft to the IETF as 
a independent submission and then shift the discussion there. The proper 
forum for this discussion would either be the main IETF mailing list (as 
a starting point), or the ietf-822 mailing list 
(http://www.imc.org/ietf-822/index.html). If the IETF sends it back to 
us, then we can continue discussing it here.

Yakov
-------
Yakov Shafranovich / asrg <at> shaftek.org
SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc. / research <at> solidmatrix.com
"And this too shall come to pass"
-------


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Date: Tue, 2 Dec 2003 01:53:24 +0000

On Dec 2,  1:25am, Dag Kihlman wrote:
}
} The important thing is to convince others that SMTP has too many
} rountrips. A more slimmed approach is needed.

RFC 2920, perhaps?

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To: "'Philip Miller'" <millenix@zemos.net>,
        Yakov Shafranovich
	 <research@solidmatrix.com>
Cc: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: RE: [Asrg] The State of RSS Readers for Mailing List Funcionality
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> 1. The lack of inate threading is painful.
> The messages simply appear as a sequence of messages, by 
> default in date 
> order. The only other thing they can be sorted on is 
> 'Headline', which leads 
> me to ...

It sounds to me as if we need to define ways to express the relationships in
an HTML like markup. 

> 2. Email headers aren't preserved.
> The message subject is used as the headline of each item. 
> Aside from the 
> subject, the gateway inserts the sender and date at the top 
> of the message. 
> Even worse, it cuts off the sender's actual email address, so 
> that only the 
> name appears, apparently to make it look nicer to the user.

Sounds like an implementation choice, possibly anti-spam one?

> 3. There's no reasonable way to display the meaningful email headers.
> In terms of looking at a list of posts, I suppose it could be 
> reasonable to 
> insert the sender into the headline as well, but that would 
> wreak havoc on 
> sorting by subject.
> 
> My conclusion is that NNTP is much better suited for this 
> task. Mail clients 
> frequently have integrated newsreaders, netnews posts have 
> headers analogous 
> to email's, and they interoperate well. The only real open 
> question in terms 
> of mailing-list/news interoperability is submission: should 
> it still be done 
> by emailing a list address, or should it be done by posting 
> to the news 
> group directly?

It will be easier to fix RSS than NNTP at this point. NNTP is actually very
good for mailing lists which is not suprising given that is exactly what it
was designed for.

People are proposing RSS for newsletter style stuff. They are using it
mostly for blogs. It seems to need tweakage to be ideal for that
application. But the protocol is extensible and can be tweaked.

	Phill 

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Cc: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 4. Survey of Solutions - Methods of Authentication -Trojans]]
References: <20031201182106.GF4067@f-prot.com>
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Date: Mon, 01 Dec 2003 21:04:36 -0500
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Fridrik Skulason wrote:
>>But to trojan a machine to send spam. no way that becomes a federal crime,
>>and today I believe it can be even classed as an act of terrorism.
> 
> You are forgetting one thing.  Most of the activity behind the zombie nets
> is directed from countries where that is not the case, or where the laws
> are weaker.  For example some of the East European countries have only
> recently introduced copyright laws, similar to those in the western world.
> 
> In one country - I think it was Moldavia (but I may be mistaken), it is only
> a crime to hack into a government-owned machine, for example.

This is a legitimate problem. I think that as a policy matter, we should 
push governments that do have and enforce such laws to put pressure on 
countries that don't. There may be technical approaches to this as well, but 
I don't think they adequately address this political problem.

> I am all for that - as I have said before, I am all in favour of any
> method of authentication that meets the following criteria:

I'll take a shot at justifying LMAP here. If any of this doesn't appear in 
the proposal draft we currently have, it may need to be added in some form.

>   1) Has a realistic chance of being adopted globally.  It does not
>      matter how elegant the method is, if none of the "big players"
>      adopt it.

LMAP replaces current DNS lookups (rDNS, MX, A, etc). Current solutions are 
ad-hoc and have little to no semantic meaning. Switching to LMAP will reduce 
the global DNS load because there will be fewer lookups and better caching 
of the relevant data. Since a whole lot of the forgery out there is of the 
major sending domains (AOL, Yahoo, MSN/Hotmail), and there's currently no 
way for them to prevent that, they have an incentive to implement and 
enforce it.

>   2) Solves the problem of establishing with a reasonable degree of
>      certainity that the sender is who he is.  Any such method will
>      fail on a compromised system - there is no way any software on
>      a different machine can deteremine whether the "right" human is
>      actually pressing the keys.  We just have to acknowledge that
>      limitation and move on - a "solution" to the problem of
>      compromised systems is beyond the scope of this.

In terms of establishing one part of that, that's exactly the purpose of 
LMAP. It prevents a random server claiming to send mail on behalf of a 
domain that hasn't authorized it.

>   3) Can not be (easily) abused to result in a DoS attack.

I can think of a potential issue with LMAP and DoS attacks. Consider:
If someone can poison the caches used by, say, AOL's incoming MXs to not 
list your legitimate MTA, then your mail is PERMFAILed incorrectly.
Unfortunately, this is something that we as a group cannot try to solve. Our 
best approach would be to note this possibility and move on.

__
Philip Miller


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From: Brett Watson <famous-asrg@nutters.org>
Organization: PhD Student, Macquarie University
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re[2]: [Asrg] 6. Proposals - Legal - Subject labeling - FTC response
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On Mon, 1 Dec 2003 20:26:14 -0500 (EST) Richard Welty <rwelty@averillpark.net> 
wrote:
> if i might suggest, normally in the crypto groups, algorithms and their
> labeling are generally separated out from the protocols. this allowed,
> for example, AES to easily be added to the IPSec and SSH suites
> w/o messing with the existing drafts. i would submit that labeling
> should be a separate draft which can subsequently be supplemented
> or superceeded.

I heartily second that notion. Eric's draft makes a number of suggestions, of 
which the content-tagging tokens are only a small part. It would be better if 
the draft merely specified a *means* for those tokens to be incorporated, and 
the tokens themselves were externalised.

Eric has already expressed the opinion that the tokens are the most likely 
candidate for tweaking by the other Powers That Be, so it would be wise to 
isolate them from the more technical aspects of the draft. This is also the 
area most likely to be expanded upon by other lawmaking bodies or future 
revisions to the law. If the Powers That Be are going to do any tweaking, 
let's give them something obvious to tweak that won't result in any technical 
brain damage.

Let the main draft specify "Solicitation:" (or whatever) as the standard means 
of placing legally-required labels on a message, and define the labels 
themselves in another document entirely. (You may want to define a *grammar* 
for the labels in the main draft, but leave the actual vocabulary out of it.)

Regards,
TFBW


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From: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 4. Survey of Solutions - Methods of Authentication
 -Trojans]]
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Philip Miller wrote:
> Fridrik Skulason wrote:
[..]
>> I am all for that - as I have said before, I am all in favour of any
>> method of authentication that meets the following criteria:
> 
> 
> I'll take a shot at justifying LMAP here. If any of this doesn't appear 
> in the proposal draft we currently have, it may need to be added in some 
> form.
> 
[..]
>>   3) Can not be (easily) abused to result in a DoS attack.
> 
> 
> I can think of a potential issue with LMAP and DoS attacks. Consider:
> If someone can poison the caches used by, say, AOL's incoming MXs to not 
> list your legitimate MTA, then your mail is PERMFAILed incorrectly.
> Unfortunately, this is something that we as a group cannot try to solve. 
> Our best approach would be to note this possibility and move on.
> 
[..]

Take a look at:

http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-dnsext-dns-threats-05.txt

We should reference the document, and move on. BTW, if anyone wants to 
help with LMAP discussion draft, please email Alan.

Yakov
-------
Yakov Shafranovich / asrg <at> shaftek.org
SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc. / research <at> solidmatrix.com
  "Why are both drug addicts and computer aficionados both called 
users?" (Clifford Stoll)
-------


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From: Richard Welty <rwelty@averillpark.net>
Subject: Re[3]: [Asrg] 6. Proposals - Legal - Subject labeling - FTC response
To: asrg@ietf.org
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Date: Mon, 1 Dec 2003 21:24:28 -0500 (EST)

On Tue, 2 Dec 2003 13:14:40 +1100 Brett Watson <famous-asrg@nutters.org> wrote:
> Let the main draft specify "Solicitation:" (or whatever) as the standard means 
> of placing legally-required labels on a message, and define the labels 
> themselves in another document entirely. (You may want to define a *grammar* 
> for the labels in the main draft, but leave the actual vocabulary out of it.)

actually, i'd lean towards a doc on grammar and other generic labeling
details, and one with an actual set of labels, now that i think about it.

richard
-- 
Richard Welty                                         rwelty@averillpark.net
Averill Park Networking                                         518-573-7592
    Java, PHP, PostgreSQL, Unix, Linux, IP Network Engineering, Security


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From: "Eric S. Raymond" <esr@thyrsus.com>
To: Brett Watson <famous-asrg@nutters.org>
Cc: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 6. Proposals - Legal - Subject labeling - FTC response
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Date: Mon, 1 Dec 2003 21:40:45 -0500

Brett Watson <famous-asrg@nutters.org>:
> I heartily second that notion. Eric's draft makes a number of
> suggestions, of which the content-tagging tokens are only a small
> part. It would be better if the draft merely specified a *means* for
> those tokens to be incorporated, and the tokens themselves were
> externalised.

It's an appealing idea.  But:

(1) Right now, the draft is a complete and self-contained response to
CAN-SPAM 11.2.  I think it may be a bad idea tactically to split it 
apart.  Better to give the FTC one simple document when it comes time.

(2) The present vocabulary is not arbitrary, it is the categories 
*required* by CAN-SPAM.  So there's a case for any further vocabulary
extensions to be in a separate TS, but an equally strong case that these
belong in the base document.

(3) There's a coordination issue with Carl Malamud's NO-SOLICITATION
I-D.  I've just changed my draft to spell the header and keywords the
exact same way he does.
-- 
		<a href="http://www.catb.org/~esr/">Eric S. Raymond</a>

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To: ASRG list <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 6. Proposals - depracate all list/bulk mailing and changeto RSS
Message-ID: <20031202034119.GA4991@m433>
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Date: Mon, 1 Dec 2003 22:41:19 -0500

On Mon, Dec 01, 2003 at 03:56:38PM +1030, Chris wrote
> >
> > > *No support for various transactions that can be enabled within email
> > > (e.g., donation, viral marketing).
> >                    ***************
> >   Ding ding ding ding ding... we have a winner!  The whole point behind
> > this mailing list is to reduce/eliminate unsolicited marketing.  If I
> > want really exciting offers daily, I'll point my newsreader at
> > alt.really.exciting.offers.  If I want something, *I* will initiate the
> > the contact.  I do *NOT* want to be marketed to via my inbox, any more
> > than I want to be marketed to via my phone at suppertime.  Do you
> > understand ?
> >
> 
> In that case set your personal filters or whatever to "NO UCE"
> 
> but let the rest of the world decide what it wants and doesn't want
> to read.
> 
> speaking for myself I don't think you should be telling me what I
> want to get in my mail box or don't want to get.
> 
> of course I might be alone in this.

  I have no desire to stop email that you want to receive.  What I do
object to is unsolicited bulk email that gets sent to me.  And I don't
see why I should have to run filters, etc, to allow you to get email ads
that you want.  Install an RSS client.  Or download shareware, and let
it pop up ads on your desktop<g>.

-- 
Walter Dnes <waltdnes@waltdnes.org>
Email users are divided into two classes;
1) Those who have effective spam-blocking
2) Those who wish they did

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Subject: Re: [Asrg] 6. Proposals - Pull System Polling Overhead
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Pure pull systems suffer from polling overhead.  This is already becoming a problem
with RSS and think how few people know what RSS is.  This is a potentially major
scalability problem.

See
http://philringnalda.com/blog/2002/10/joels_rss_problem.php
http://www.sidhe.org/~dan/blog/archives/000149.html
http://www.sidhe.org/~dan/blog/archives/000170.html
http://www.mnot.net/blog/2003/05/03/rss_traffic_characterisation
http://www.teledyn.com/mt/archives/001496.html
http://www.teledyn.com/mt/archives/001499.html
http://www.tbray.org/ongoing/When/200x/2003/08/02/RSSNumbers

The next major version of Windows (Longhorn) is slated to include an RSS reader.  I
think it was on the alphas distributed at PDC and available to MSDN subscribers.

Personally I use a web-based RSS aggregator, which keeps things synched between home
and office.  It also has much lower bandwidth usage than client-side readers.

I use bloglines (http://www.bloglines.com/), but there are some others:
http://mywireservice.com/
http://fyuze.com/
http://www.newsisfree.com/
http://www.feed-me.info/DesktopDefault.aspx


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From: "Chris" <asrg@rebel.com.au>
To: "Walter Dnes" <waltdnes@waltdnes.org>, "ASRG list" <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] 6. Proposals - depracate all list/bulk mailing and changeto RSS
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>
>   I have no desire to stop email that you want to receive.  What I do
> object to is unsolicited bulk email that gets sent to me.

Thats the purpose of this group, to define ways to let you get what you want
and I get what I want

I want my local airlines to send me details of their "specials" sometimes
four a week

I have opted in
I *want* it in my inbox

I don't want to have to keep reminding myself to "check my feed" or have
YAP(yet another app) on my desktop
and they don't do RSS anyway

Are you going to force the airline companys to set up a feed for me?

Regards
Chris



> -----Original Message-----
> From: asrg-admin@ietf.org [mailto:asrg-admin@ietf.org]On Behalf Of
> Walter Dnes
> Sent: Tuesday, December 02, 2003 2:11 PM
> To: ASRG list
> Subject: Re: [Asrg] 6. Proposals - depracate all list/bulk mailing and
> changeto RSS
>
>
> On Mon, Dec 01, 2003 at 03:56:38PM +1030, Chris wrote
> > >
> > > > *No support for various transactions that can be enabled
> within email
> > > > (e.g., donation, viral marketing).
> > >                    ***************
> > >   Ding ding ding ding ding... we have a winner!  The whole
> point behind
> > > this mailing list is to reduce/eliminate unsolicited marketing.  If I
> > > want really exciting offers daily, I'll point my newsreader at
> > > alt.really.exciting.offers.  If I want something, *I* will
> initiate the
> > > the contact.  I do *NOT* want to be marketed to via my inbox, any more
> > > than I want to be marketed to via my phone at suppertime.  Do you
> > > understand ?
> > >
> >
> > In that case set your personal filters or whatever to "NO UCE"
> >
> > but let the rest of the world decide what it wants and doesn't want
> > to read.
> >
> > speaking for myself I don't think you should be telling me what I
> > want to get in my mail box or don't want to get.
> >
> > of course I might be alone in this.
> --
> Walter Dnes <waltdnes@waltdnes.org>
> Email users are divided into two classes;
> 1) Those who have effective spam-blocking
> 2) Those who wish they did
>
> _______________________________________________
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> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg


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In-Reply-To:  <200312012353.hB1Nrxib001299@bulk.resource.org>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 6. Proposals - Legal - Subject labeling - FTC response
To: "ASRG" <asrg@ietf.org>
From: "Jon Kyme" <jrk@merseymail.com>
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Date: Tue, 02 Dec 2003 08:22:00 +0000


>
>
>
>A somewhat related document is draft-malamud-no-soliciting-02, found at:
>
>	http://trusted.resource.org/no-solicit/
>

The problem I have with the various NO-SOLICIT / NO-UCE proposals that have
been made over the years is that they seem to imply that a system /
recipient accepts UCE / solicitations *by* *default* unless it gives the
sender notice. And that a sender will assume it's doing nothing "wrong" if
it isn't given any such notice. It strikes me that this is completely
contrary to the direction of this group (and the law in many
jurisdictions). A recipient does not give implicit consent to any
communication by not expressly denying it, any more that I accept that you
can shoot me because I don't wear a T-shirt saying "No-Shooting".

This particular no-solicit proposal has been elaborated to produce a rather
coarse and inflexible recipient consent-expression system.

I'm sure that most contributors and the chairs would agree that:
1. Most email recipients do not believe that they implicitly consent to all
communications that they don't explicitly reject.
This group shouldn't support any proposal which goes against this in any
way.
2. Any consent expression system will need to be flexible and extensible if
it's to be useful.

Labelling the message (not the SMTP transaction) may be useful in enabling
enforcement of recipient (or system) policy. This is the kind of thing that
we're chartered to do, I believe.
 






--

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Subject: Re: [Asrg] 2. Update from the Analysis & Characterization Group
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Terry,

TS> Here's a brief update from the small but highly motivated A&C 
TS> subgroup.

kudoes on your motivation.


TS> 1) We undertook an experiment to address the
TS>    seemingly commonplace belief that "different 
TS>    people get different spam."  For purposes of
TS>    this experiment, we analyzed two large 
TS>    samples of spam (several-K relatively recent

The obvious question is about your sampling methodology.  How were the
messages acquired? What are the characteristics of the different
recipients?  How many different recipients.


d/
--
 Dave Crocker <dcrocker-at-brandenburg-dot-com>
 Brandenburg InternetWorking <www.brandenburg.com>
 Sunnyvale, CA  USA <tel:+1.408.246.8253>


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Chris,

C> Therefore any attempts to use a "feature" that is disputed will probably end
C> up breaking some software


 good observation.

 we can probably make it work as a variant of 'be liberal in what you
 accept and conservative in what you send'.

d/
--
 Dave Crocker <dcrocker-at-brandenburg-dot-com>
 Brandenburg InternetWorking <www.brandenburg.com>
 Sunnyvale, CA  USA <tel:+1.408.246.8253>


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Jon Kyme <jrk@merseymail.com>:
> The problem I have with the various NO-SOLICIT / NO-UCE proposals that have
> been made over the years is that they seem to imply that a system /
> recipient accepts UCE / solicitations *by* *default* unless it gives the
> sender notice. And that a sender will assume it's doing nothing "wrong" if
> it isn't given any such notice. It strikes me that this is completely
> contrary to the direction of this group (and the law in many
> jurisdictions). A recipient does not give implicit consent to any
> communication by not expressly denying it, any more that I accept that you
> can shoot me because I don't wear a T-shirt saying "No-Shooting".

Urgh.  Good point.

> Labelling the message (not the SMTP transaction) may be useful in enabling
> enforcement of recipient (or system) policy. This is the kind of thing that
> we're chartered to do, I believe.

I've been working on it.
-- 
		<a href="http://www.catb.org/~esr/">Eric S. Raymond</a>

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From: "Hector Santos" <winserver.support@winserver.com>
To: "Yakov Shafranovich" <research@solidmatrix.com>, "ASRG" <asrg@ietf.org>
References: <3FCB4606.6000204@solidmatrix.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 6. Proposals - Verification via RCPT TO callback
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Yakov,

This will be my last comments on the matter.  I will provide future info on
our gamma testing results.

See my final inline comments below.

PS:  That I am no advocate of any particular method.  The less overhead the
better.  To me,  this is a functional specification issue.  Fix, clarify the
specs and everything will naturally follow.  It is that  with the current
implementation of the network, with no other change, other than performing a
return path check (which inherently includes a domain, mx and IP check),
you can amazingly solve 80% of the anonymous access problem - TODAY!

----- Original Message ----- 
From: "Yakov Shafranovich" <research@solidmatrix.com>
To: "Hector Santos" <winserver.support@winserver.com>; "ASRG"
<asrg@ietf.org>
Sent: Monday, December 01, 2003 8:45 AM
Subject: [Asrg] 6. Proposals - Verification via RCPT TO callback

> Some of the objections raised against the RCPT TO proposal:
>
> * As the specifications stand right now, normal SMTP sites are not
> expecting RCPT TO callbacks to verify existance of email addresses.
> Since this is the current facts on the ground, your specific method has
> potential issues since the sender's server might not be willing to
> cooperate with your method, or even think of you as a malicious attack
> and null-route your server. Whether the RFCs assume or require a valid
> return address is irrelevant, the facts on the ground are that no one is
> expecting call backs.

Change the SPECS and it make it compliancy issue, and everyone who is
serious about addressing  costly spamming issus will gladly conform, upgrade
their software, or whatever.

> * In other cases such as Yahoo, all RCPT TOs are responded to with "2xx"
> codes, and validation is delayed until after the DATA command. Since you
> cannot continue validation past the RCPT TO command in order to avoid
> the sender from receiving messages, your method has false positives.

Once the SPECS are changed, YAHOO will support it because it works.  If they
don't, then they were never serious about solving the spammer problem on
their system.

> * Nothing prevents a spammer from using someone else's return address,
> or operate a domain that answers "250" to all callbacks. Since
> established companies such as Yahoo do that as well, you will not be
> able to detect the difference between them and the spammers.
>
> * There exists a potential for DDOS attacks with this method.

 Like anything else.  You don't need this method to do a  DDOS or malicious
attacks. But if we use the VRFY method, that will help reduce this
potential.   In additional, this can all be tracked and scaled.

> * There are very significant reasons why the authors of RFCs 2821 and
> 2505 recommend for the VRFY command to be turned off. Many of these
> reasons are still applicable, and before recommending the change, we
> need to analyze *why* that decision was made in the first place, and why
> today's environment would be any different.

I understood the "red-herring" harvesting reason was used as a reason
against enabled the option or providing it in software:

OFF:
             VRFY/RCPT TO response:   TRUE
ON:
             VRFY/RCPT TO resposnse: TRUE or FALSE

As far as a SPAMMER is concern,  a constant TRUE response is all they want
to know!  So in my view, having it OFF perpertuates the problem.  Doesn't
help it.

> * In certain deployment scenarios, the outer SMTP server has no
> knowledge of the existance of email addresses, will accept all email,
> and will not be able to respond normally to call backs. Requiring a
> change in those cases, puts a burden on the administrators which can be
> avoided otherwise.

Configuration issue.  Not all servers need to use it.

> * The SMTP protocol is designed for as a protocol for servers to
> communicate. Therefore, the authentication that is logically needed, is
> verifying the servers themselves, as opposed to individual accounts.

A CallerID system includes a DOMAIN check because it has to get there in the
first
place to verify the address. So it fails at the DOMAIN, you know it is a
SPOOF or
ZOMBIE site!!  Bingo, thats is what we WANT!

> * This method works today, but there is no guarantee it will work
tomorrow.

Like anything else, but in this case, verifying a return path will always
work if the requirement is put into the specs that says it MUST NOT BE SPOOF
address.  Hey, maybe thats all you need to say:

  MAIL FROM:

   The Return Path address must not be a GHOST or SPOOF address.
   If one is provided,   the SMTP receiver will expect the address to
   be a valid return path as required as part of the DSN operations

   MAIL FROM Field Validation and Verification

   Per RFC section xxxx, the return path must conform to proper syntax.

   Server Implementations or installations may perform return path
   verification using various techniques outline in [xxxxxxxx] before
   mail will be accepted.

    If a 45x refusal code is returned:

            45x Return Path not a valid return path

   the client has the option to reenter a valid return path or end
   the session

    If a 45x refusal code is returned:

            45x Return Path not a valid return path

   the client should not continue and end the session.

   Server who choose not to verify the return path should continue
   with a 250 response code.

ciao

---
Hector Santos, CTO
WINSERVER "Wildcat! Interactive Net Server"
support: http://www.winserver.com
sales: http://www.santronics.com



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In-Reply-To:  <3FCBEFA9.2010200@solidmatrix.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 6. Proposals - Legal - Subject labeling - FTC response
To: "Yakov Shafranovich"  <research@solidmatrix.com>
From: "Jon Kyme" <jrk@merseymail.com>
Cc: "ASRG" <asrg@ietf.org>
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Date: Tue, 02 Dec 2003 10:39:22 +0000

> 
> It seems to us that there is no further research possible within the 
> scope of ASRG for this draft, considering its narrow focus. As it stands 
> now, the proper forum for this discussion would probably be the IETF.
> 
> Therefore, what we would suggest, is to submit the draft to the IETF as 
> a independent submission and then shift the discussion there. The proper 
> forum for this discussion would either be the main IETF mailing list (as 
> a starting point), or the ietf-822 mailing list 
> (http://www.imc.org/ietf-822/index.html). If the IETF sends it back to 
> us, then we can continue discussing it here.


Surely Eric can submit it *independently* whenever he likes? He doesn't
need you to tell him to. Are you trying to say that further discussion by
the group won't be appreciated - that there's no way such a proposal would
get group support? Or perhaps support by the chairs is the issue, in that
support for labelling is seen as support for a particular law?

Maybe I've got this wrong, and I'm eager to be corrected - surely the
output of this group is going to be (in part) IDs recommended to the IETF
by the group.

How about if references to any particular "law", were removed? Would it
then be suitable matter for evaluation here and eventual recommendation to
the IETF by this group?

And if not, why not? 

I'd be grateful if the chairs could take the trouble to respond to this.


Thanks,

JK




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From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@ox.org>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: 6. Proposals: LMTP proposals] 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Mon, 01 Dec 2003 17:58:45 EST."
             <3FCBC7A5.9070106@solidmatrix.com> 
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Date: Tue, 02 Dec 2003 11:15:44 -0500

Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com> wrote:
> I believe that Fridrik was pointing out a simple fact - any effective 
> anti-spam solutions would force spammers to seek other venues, including 
> the increased use of hijacked computers.

  Yes, but it was leaning towards being biased against a solution,
because of the change in cost.  To quote him again:

>> In other words, widespread implementation of LMAP (which would be a
>> good thing) 

  That's nice...

>> would lead to more compromised machines (which would be a bad
>> thing)

  Absolutely not.  I could argue just as well that it's a Good Thing,
because it now gives the admins & programmers incentive to fix their
systems.

  We already KNOW those machines may be compromised.  We already KNOW
that changing the cost/benefit ratio for one behaviour will make
others more appealing.  It makes no sense to even insinuate that
deploying a solution has negative effects on pre-existing broken
systems.  It's false logic.

  I'm sensitive to negativity about any proposal (more so for LMAP),
because of the history in ASRG of nonsensical, irrelevant, false, and
contradictory reasons people have used to oppose any proposal.


  The deployment, or not, of a proposal makes zero difference as to
the ability to compromise those machines.  Therefore, that risk should
have ZERO INFLUENCE on the decision to deploy that proposal.  Anyone
who claims that such risks should influence the deployment decision
looks to me like they have an agenda to prevent that deployment.

  Alan DeKok.

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From: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 6. Proposals - Legal - Subject labeling - FTC response
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Jon Kyme wrote:
>>It seems to us that there is no further research possible within the 
>>scope of ASRG for this draft, considering its narrow focus. As it stands 
>>now, the proper forum for this discussion would probably be the IETF.
>>
>>Therefore, what we would suggest, is to submit the draft to the IETF as 
>>a independent submission and then shift the discussion there. The proper 
>>forum for this discussion would either be the main IETF mailing list (as 
>>a starting point), or the ietf-822 mailing list 
>>(http://www.imc.org/ietf-822/index.html). If the IETF sends it back to 
>>us, then we can continue discussing it here.
> 
> 
> 
> Surely Eric can submit it *independently* whenever he likes? He doesn't
> need you to tell him to. Are you trying to say that further discussion by
> the group won't be appreciated - that there's no way such a proposal would
> get group support? Or perhaps support by the chairs is the issue, in that
> support for labelling is seen as support for a particular law?
> 

This draft addresses a very specific requirement. The goal of the group 
is to do research in different areas and present findings. This specific 
draft does not require research since the guidelines for it have already 
been defined, and especially considering that the law concentrates on 
subject labeling specifically, which does not have too many options.

Additionally, the goal of the draft is to be a response of the IETF on 
the issue. The formal body that is allowed to make such response would 
either be the IAB, the IESG or the IETF chair, not the IRTF. Therefore, 
it seems to us that this belongs on the IETF side, since this would be a 
policy issue that needs to be defined by them. We do not want to 
pre-empt their responsibilites, however if they choose to send it back 
to us, we'll be happy to look at it.

> Maybe I've got this wrong, and I'm eager to be corrected - surely the
> output of this group is going to be (in part) IDs recommended to the IETF
> by the group.
> 

Yes it is, but see my comments above. The IRTF's goal is to do research, 
anything that would be standards making or policy issues for the IETF, 
would go to the IETF.

> How about if references to any particular "law", were removed? Would it
> then be suitable matter for evaluation here and eventual recommendation to
> the IETF by this group?
> 
> And if not, why not? 
> 
> I'd be grateful if the chairs could take the trouble to respond to this.
> 

It can be a suitable matter for evaluation if effectiveness can be 
shown. If the only way these schemes are effective is via law 
enforcement, that would not be a research topic for the ASRG unless we 
are asked to do so by another body: either the IETF or the FTC.

Yakov
-------
Yakov Shafranovich / asrg <at> shaftek.org
SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc. / research <at> solidmatrix.com
"And this too shall come to pass"
-------


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To: Jon Kyme <jrk@merseymail.com>
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] 6. Proposals - Legal - Subject labeling - FTC response
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On Tue, Dec 02, 2003 at 08:22:00AM +0000, Jon Kyme wrote:
> 
> >
> >
> >
> >A somewhat related document is draft-malamud-no-soliciting-02, found at:
> >
> >	http://trusted.resource.org/no-solicit/
> >
> 
> The problem I have with the various NO-SOLICIT / NO-UCE proposals that have
> been made over the years is that they seem to imply that a system /
> recipient accepts UCE / solicitations *by* *default* unless it gives the
> sender notice. And that a sender will assume it's doing nothing "wrong" if
> it isn't given any such notice. It strikes me that this is completely
> contrary to the direction of this group (and the law in many
> jurisdictions). A recipient does not give implicit consent to any
> communication by not expressly denying it, any more that I accept that you
> can shoot me because I don't wear a T-shirt saying "No-Shooting".

Hmm, that's exactly the point I made when Eric first submitted his
draft back on November 14.  Thus I agree :-)

-mm-

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Subject: Re: [Asrg] 6. Proposals - Legal - Subject labeling - FTC response
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> I hear you.  And I think I've got the solution to your problem.  Or
> *a* solution, anyhow.  You see, I didn't just pull those three labels
> out of my butt -- they're the minimum set of categories required by
> CAN-SPAM, which actually does a pretty good job of defining them.  My
> draft refers their definition to CAN-SPAM, and thus to FTC as the
> implementing regulatory authority.  There goes one of your problems. :-)
> 
> Remember that my draft is intended *specifically* as a response to the
> section 11.2 language in CAN-SPAN that enjoins the IETF to develop a
> labeling requirement in conformance with IETF standards; said labeling
> requirement would have the force of law.  It's a happy coincidence
> that it dovetails so exactly with your proposal, but that was not
> my original intention.

Hmmm ... I went back and look at section 111.2 of the bill.  I'm not
sure I read it as requiring any action by the IETF.  Section 111.2
merely says that any solution should conform to IETF standards,
e.g., RFCs 2822, 2821.

> 
> So we're in an interesting gray area here.  We need to say MUST so our
> recommendation to FTC will have the appropriate meaning in *legal*
> and *political* terms.  You say "Seems like that belongs in a law, not
> a standard." and you're right;  if the FTC doesn't reject the IETF's 
> recommendation, we will in effect be writing law.

But, I don't think we should do that.  We can specify protocol
mechanisms and even header fields as containers, but why not let the
legislators and the ftc do their labels themselves?  After all,
Korea or the EU or Bangladesh may very well have different labels.
I'd much specify a mechanism and let policy people make policy.

> 
> Mechanism-only would satisfy the IETF's traditional requirements, but
> not the request we've had dropped on us by CAN-SPAM 11.2.

Again, I don't see 111.2 as being a request to the IETF.  

I'm not saying you shouldn't publish your draft, I'm just highly
skeptical you'll reach the rough consensus watermark for
mandating the use of specific content labels.  

BTW, I was thinking about your comments and those by Jon about
no-soliciting generating implied consent (e.g., if I don't
have a no shooting shirt on you can shoot me).  I'm not sure
I agree.  With no trespassing signs, at least out here in the
forest where I live, the sign tells you not to go on a specific
piece of property.  But, if you see a driveway without a sign,
I'm not sure I'd go driving up the hill, even if I am wearing
my "no shooting" shirt.  :)  The point of my draft was a
"go away" sign, which didn't and shouldn't imply "come in" if no
sign is posted.

I'll try to make more clear in the next draft both the implied
consent issue and that the registry examples I specified are
merely illustrative ... I picked maps-ube as one of
the bootstraps because I thought that would make it very
clear that others should load the registry with content.

Regards,

Carl

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Date: Tue, 2 Dec 2003 11:45:11 -0500

> 
> BTW, I was thinking about your comments and those by Jon about
> no-soliciting generating implied consent (e.g., if I don't
> have a no shooting shirt on you can shoot me).  I'm not sure
> I agree.  With no trespassing signs, at least out here in the
> forest where I live, the sign tells you not to go on a specific
> piece of property.

Out in our neck of the woods one has to post no trespassing/
no hunting signs, else hunting is implicitly permitted.  But
that's really neither here nor there.  Personally I would like
something (perhaps in the introduction) saying that the mere
presence of this document is in no way to be taken as an endorsement
of opt-out unsolicited bulk email.

mm

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From: Carl Malamud <carl@media.org>
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] 6. Proposals - Legal - Subject labeling - FTC response
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To: "Mark E. Mallett" <mem@mv.mv.com>
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That's doable.  Thanks for the suggestion.

> > 
> > BTW, I was thinking about your comments and those by Jon about
> > no-soliciting generating implied consent (e.g., if I don't
> > have a no shooting shirt on you can shoot me).  I'm not sure
> > I agree.  With no trespassing signs, at least out here in the
> > forest where I live, the sign tells you not to go on a specific
> > piece of property.
> 
> Out in our neck of the woods one has to post no trespassing/
> no hunting signs, else hunting is implicitly permitted.  But
> that's really neither here nor there.  Personally I would like
> something (perhaps in the introduction) saying that the mere
> presence of this document is in no way to be taken as an endorsement
> of opt-out unsolicited bulk email.
> 
> mm
> 

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Cc: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>,
        "Mark E. Mallett" <mem@mv.mv.com>, ASRG <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 6. Proposals - Legal - Subject labeling - FTC response
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Date: Tue, 2 Dec 2003 13:11:37 -0500

Carl Malamud <carl@media.org>:
> But, I don't think we should do that.  We can specify protocol
> mechanisms and even header fields as containers, but why not let the
> legislators and the ftc do their labels themselves?  After all,
> Korea or the EU or Bangladesh may very well have different labels.
> I'd much specify a mechanism and let policy people make policy.

As I said in private mail, if that's what you want you should write
the draft that way.  The way it's worded now it looks like you're pushing the
MAPS-UBE definition, which is flawed in part 3.
-- 
		<a href="http://www.catb.org/~esr/">Eric S. Raymond</a>

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From: Carl Malamud <carl@media.org>
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] 6. Proposals - Legal - Subject labeling - FTC response
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> Carl Malamud <carl@media.org>:
> > But, I don't think we should do that.  We can specify protocol
> > mechanisms and even header fields as containers, but why not let the
> > legislators and the ftc do their labels themselves?  After all,
> > Korea or the EU or Bangladesh may very well have different labels.
> > I'd much specify a mechanism and let policy people make policy.
> 
> As I said in private mail, if that's what you want you should write
> the draft that way.  The way it's worded now it looks like you're pushing the
> MAPS-UBE definition, which is flawed in part 3.
> -- 

I think the draft is written that way: the registry holds labels and
people (e.g., the FTC) can register a label.  Users then choose which
flags to assert.

As an example, you could register your 3 keywords and a definition.

I'll try to make this point clearer.

Carl

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A Volunteer.

-------- Original Message --------
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 0. General -- the state of play
Date: Tue, 2 Dec 2003 13:48:36 -0500
From: Marc A. Pelletier <marc@ctrl-alt-del.ca>
To: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>
References: <20031201211458.9D56A1701D@mail.nitros9.org> 
<3FCBC883.1020907@solidmatrix.com> 
<001201c3b902$19219410$6402a8c0@vampier> <3FCCDC66.8080405@solidmatrix.com>


Have you gotten to the point where you have an hypothetical list of
subgroups ready?  I have a rare lull in my workload so I'm eager to
contribute while I have the resources to be active.

-- Marc


-------
Yakov Shafranovich / asrg <at> shaftek.org
SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc. / research <at> solidmatrix.com
"All that is gold does not glitter" (J.R.R. Tolkien)
-------


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From: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>
Subject: Re: [Fwd: Re: [Asrg] 0. General -- the state of play]
In-reply-to: <3FCCE1BE.5050501@solidmatrix.com>
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Ignore this message. My email client went nuts for some reason.

Yakov

Yakov Shafranovich wrote:
> A Volunteer.
> 
> -------- Original Message --------
> Subject: Re: [Asrg] 0. General -- the state of play
> Date: Tue, 2 Dec 2003 13:48:36 -0500
> From: Marc A. Pelletier <marc@ctrl-alt-del.ca>
> To: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>
> References: <20031201211458.9D56A1701D@mail.nitros9.org> 
> <3FCBC883.1020907@solidmatrix.com> 
> <001201c3b902$19219410$6402a8c0@vampier> <3FCCDC66.8080405@solidmatrix.com>
> 
> 
> Have you gotten to the point where you have an hypothetical list of
> subgroups ready?  I have a rare lull in my workload so I'm eager to
> contribute while I have the resources to be active.
> 
> -- Marc
> 
> 
> -------
> Yakov Shafranovich / asrg <at> shaftek.org
> SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc. / research <at> solidmatrix.com
> "All that is gold does not glitter" (J.R.R. Tolkien)
> -------
> 
> 
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg
> 

-------
Yakov Shafranovich / asrg <at> shaftek.org
SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc. / research <at> solidmatrix.com
"And this too shall come to pass"
-------


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Subject: RE: [Asrg] 6. Proposals - Legal - Subject labeling - FTC response
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> Hmmm ... I went back and look at section 111.2 of the bill.  I'm not
> sure I read it as requiring any action by the IETF.  Section 111.2
> merely says that any solution should conform to IETF standards,
> e.g., RFCs 2822, 2821.

In the light of this point and the points made by Yakov I suggest we proceed
as follows:

1) Send a note to the IAB telling them that we think that this is their tar
baby and that they should deal with it.

2) Attach to the note a >short< summary of the discusion on ASRG, viz

  * Concerns were raised about the practical value of labelling which the
FTC can evaluate for itself in the light of their mandate from Congress.

  * Responsibility for defining label terms and their use is properly the
domain of the FTC, the role of the IETF would appear to be limited to
defining the mechanism by which the labels are expressed.

  * Various mechanisms for expressing labelling were discussed, these
include overloading the subject line, use of the keywords field, defining a
new header. The advantages of and objections to overloading the subject line
and defining a new header are largely self evident.

  * The principal difficulty with use of keyword terms is the risk of
collision. This risk may be mitigated by defining some form of prefix scheme
analogous to the namespace scheme employed in XML. Keyword labels might be
encoded as USFTC:Spam or possibly IETF:Spam. It is likely that IANA
registration will be sufficient to avoid prefix collisions.

  
Given that we are not the IETF and given that we report through the IAB and
given that political philosophy is out of scope that would appear to be the
sum total of the discussion of the topic here that has relevance.

		Phill


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In-Reply-To:  <3FCCBB8C.3000004@solidmatrix.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 6. Proposals - Legal - Subject labeling - FTC response
To: "Yakov Shafranovich"  <research@solidmatrix.com>
From: "Jon Kyme" <jrk@merseymail.com>
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Date: Tue, 02 Dec 2003 21:26:45 +0000

> >>It seems to us that there is no further research possible within the 
> >>scope of ASRG for this draft, considering its narrow focus. As it
> stands
> >>now, the proper forum for this discussion would probably be the IETF.
> >>
> >>Therefore, what we would suggest, is to submit the draft to the IETF as
> >>a independent submission and then shift the discussion there. The
> proper
> >>forum for this discussion would either be the main IETF mailing list
> (as
> >>a starting point), or the ietf-822 mailing list 
> >>(http://www.imc.org/ietf-822/index.html). If the IETF sends it back to 
> >>us, then we can continue discussing it here.
> > 
> > 
> > 
> > Surely Eric can submit it *independently* whenever he likes? He doesn't
> > need you to tell him to. Are you trying to say that further discussion
> by
> > the group won't be appreciated - that there's no way such a proposal
> would
> > get group support? Or perhaps support by the chairs is the issue, in
> that
> > support for labelling is seen as support for a particular law?
> > 
> 
> 
> This draft addresses a very specific requirement. The goal of the group 
> is to do research in different areas and present findings. This specific 
> draft does not require research since the guidelines for it have already 
> been defined, and especially considering that the law concentrates on 
> subject labeling specifically, which does not have too many options.
> 


It depends what you call research doesn't it? The group is chartered (among
other things) to "collectively propose and evaluate solutions".



> Additionally, the goal of the draft is to be a response of the IETF on 
> the issue. The formal body that is allowed to make such response would 
> either be the IAB, the IESG or the IETF chair, not the IRTF. Therefore, 
> it seems to us that this belongs on the IETF side, since this would be a 
> policy issue that needs to be defined by them. We do not want to 
> pre-empt their responsibilites, however if they choose to send it back 
> to us, we'll be happy to look at it.
> 
> > Maybe I've got this wrong, and I'm eager to be corrected - surely the
> > output of this group is going to be (in part) IDs recommended to the
> IETF
> > by the group.
> > 
> 
> Yes it is, but see my comments above. The IRTF's goal is to do research, 
> anything that would be standards making or policy issues for the IETF, 
> would go to the IETF.
> 
> > How about if references to any particular "law", were removed? Would it
> > then be suitable matter for evaluation here and eventual recommendation
> to
> > the IETF by this group?
> > 
> > And if not, why not? 
> > 
> > I'd be grateful if the chairs could take the trouble to respond to
> this.
> > 
> 
> It can be a suitable matter for evaluation if effectiveness can be 
> shown. If the only way these schemes are effective is via law 
> enforcement, that would not be a research topic for the ASRG unless we 
> are asked to do so by another body: either the IETF or the FTC.
> 

How we measure "effectiveness" has still to be determined (unless I'm
mistaken). But anyway, estimation of effectiveness is an element of, not a
prerequisite for, evaluation. So I'm afraid that this can't be right.

Of course, legal issues are indeed covered by the charter:
"... will not pursue research into legal issues of spam, OTHER THAN the
extent to which these issues affect, support, or constrain the technology."
(my capitals)
This is a instance where a technology and a "legal issue" are intimately
related and mutually supportive.

So, even though this proposal seems fairly well suited for evaluation by
the group - it's not to be allowed for political reasons (at this time).
I'm not knocking this - it's a valid position, and better for being
explicit.

In a sense of course, this proposal has already achieved quite a lot (not
just noise), whether or not it's put forward as an ID.

Thank you for taking the time to clarify,

JK







--

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In-Reply-To:  <20031202162614.GH7410@iridium.mv.net>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 6. Proposals - Legal - Subject labeling - FTC response
To: "ASRG" <asrg@ietf.org>
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Date: Tue, 02 Dec 2003 21:34:40 +0000

Mark E. Mallett writ:
> 
> Hmm, that's exactly the point I made when Eric first submitted his
> draft back on November 14.  Thus I agree :-)
> 
> -mm-
> 
> 

Sorry, I missed that. Well done.





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Subject: [Asrg] 6. Proposals - rDNS / MTA MARK
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The following response has been received from someone off-list. The 
person asked for his name to be kept private.

Yakov

-------- Original Message --------
Subject: Re: rDNS draft for spam

 >I wanted to get your quick thoughts on something. One of the proposals we
>have called MTA MARK, uses the rDNS records to mark a specific IP as a 
>mail server or not a mail server. The purpose of this is to allow ISPs to 
>mark their IP space as such in order to reduce the impact caused by 
>hijacked computers sending spam. This proposal has also been suggested to 
>be expanded into a more general one, to let the IP address owner to be 
>able to mark any IP and the services allowed from that IP.

Putting things in the reverse map has both advantages and disadvantages.
I used for a while ISP that marked their whole IP range as spam source,
and at the same time refusing to forward email that did not conform
to <user>@<isp>.net. So I do not trust ISP's to do the right thing
and most of them do not have egress filtering thus allowing spoofed
packets to leave their networks.
TXT records are fine for experimentation a new record type is
the way to go if this is good approach but the cost of
backwards compatibility is high.
The argument that it is expensive to upgrade to a new type are
historic, most modern DNS software can handle unknown types [RFC3597].


>Many people have raised concerns about the fact that things like this 
>should not be present in the rDNS zone at all. I wanted to get your 
>feedback on that issue and the draft in general.

This is a issue that should be discussed in DNSOPS but my feeling
is reverse tree should be used better and this is as a good place as
any other for capability of a host.
I (personally) think the approach that uses the forward map to
list mail sources at zone apex, is better as that requires far
fewer entries.

The draft example seems to suffer from a common misunderstanding
that wildcard will match an existing name in a zone if the type
does not exist, this is false see:
http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-dnsext-wcard-clarify-02.txt



-------
Yakov Shafranovich / asrg <at> shaftek.org
SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc. / research <at> solidmatrix.com
"Power tends to corrupt, and absolute power corrupts absolutely" (Lord 
Acton)
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Subject: [Asrg] 6. Proposals - "no-soliciting" ESMTP extension - New Draft Posted
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As per Carl's note earlier, the -02 draft got posted today:

http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-malamud-no-soliciting-02.txt

Yakov

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Subject: [Asrg] 6. Proposals - LMAP - New DMP Draft
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One of the LMAP-related proposals, DMP, has been published as a new 
Internet draft:

http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-fecyk-dmp-00.txt

Yakov
-------
Yakov Shafranovich / asrg <at> shaftek.org
SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc. / research <at> solidmatrix.com
"I ate your Web page. / Forgive me. It was juicy / And tart on my 
tongue." (MIT's 404 Message)
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Subject: [Asrg] Re: 6. Proposals - rDNS / MTA MARK
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Date: Wed, 3 Dec 2003 00:36:52 +0100

On Tue, Dec 02, 2003 at 05:36:40PM -0500, Yakov Shafranovich wrote:
> Putting things in the reverse map has both advantages and disadvantages.
> I used for a while ISP that marked their whole IP range as spam source,
> and at the same time refusing to forward email that did not conform
> to <user>@<isp>.net. So I do not trust ISP's to do the right thing
> and most of them do not have egress filtering thus allowing spoofed
> packets to leave their networks.

There is a contract bewteen an ISP and a customer. The contract
regulates rights and liabilities of both parties. If the ISP does
not conform to the contract one can terminate it at any time and
probably even sue the ISP for breach of a contract. This is nothing
that is related to trust. With the same arguments you could say HTTP
is bad, because the ISP does transparent proxy and they probably modify
the contents of the web pages.
If an ISP has a contract that clearly says: "you are not allowed to offer
services, this is a surf account only" they might as well block incoming
ports like smtp, http, ... they don't need to use something like MTA MARK.

> TXT records are fine for experimentation a new record type is
> the way to go if this is good approach but the cost of
> backwards compatibility is high.
> The argument that it is expensive to upgrade to a new type are
> historic, most modern DNS software can handle unknown types [RFC3597].

RFC3597 was released Spetember 2003.
With up to 5% of installations running even bind-4.x how long do you
think it will take for rfc3597 to propagate? Even modern BIND servers
didn't get it right. How about DNS proxies in firewalls, stub resolvers, ...

While I agree that a new query type should be the way to go, it still is
expensive, even with RFC3597. And the IETF is sometimes sloooow. Spam is
hitting hard each day and we want a solution ASAP and not in some years
when all have approved the new QTYPE.

> >Many people have raised concerns about the fact that things like this 
> >should not be present in the rDNS zone at all. I wanted to get your 
> >feedback on that issue and the draft in general.
> 
> This is a issue that should be discussed in DNSOPS but my feeling
> is reverse tree should be used better and this is as a good place as
> any other for capability of a host.

There are people (even in IETF DNSOP) that think revDNS is obsolete
and if not for IPv4 it will be at least for IPv6 ;-)

> The draft example seems to suffer from a common misunderstanding
> that wildcard will match an existing name in a zone if the type
> does not exist, this is false see:
> http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-dnsext-wcard-clarify-02.txt

We are/were aware of that. The warning about wildcards not being applied
to subdomains should probably be extended with a notice about that.

--------------------------------

Today I had a very valuable talk with Arnt Gulbrandsen who made some
good comments and suggestions.

Currently we tend to a more structured approach like

  _perm._smtp._tcp.8.0.30.195.in-addr.arpa	IN	TXT	"1"
  _perm._smtp._tcp.1.0.30.195.in-addr.arpa	IN	TXT	"0"

or like

  _smtp._tcp.8.0.30.195.in-addr.arpa		IN	PERM	1
  _smtp._tcp.1.0.30.195.in-addr.arpa		IN	PERM	0

The LHS used is derived from the hierarchy defined for SRV records
and is well defined. For TXT records the "_perm" is necessary to define
an object that is queried, aka a "question". If there is a special
QTYPE like PERM this is not needed. The IESG doesn't like non questions ;-)

It would also be possible to use another level of subdomains like

  _send._smtp._tcp.8.0.30.195.in-addr.arpa		IN	PERM	1

as this provides more flexibility and could be extended to

  _send._smtp._tcp.8.0.30.195.in-addr.arpa		IN	PERM	0
  _send-crammd5._smtp._tcp.8.0.30.195.in-addr.arpa	IN	PERM	1

to indicate that one should allow only authenticated connections.
This could be used to transport company policies like "from this (sub-)net
accept only connections with ciphered passwords. we don't want that our
employees use plaintext passwords accross the Internet".
The drawback is that it uses a lot of DNS bandwidth and the server has
to do a lot of queries for all possible "options".

A solution to that would be to make the RHS not a boolean but e.g.
a 64 bit integer and give it a meaning:
   0    dont allow connections
   1	allow unauthenticated connections (aka outgoing MTA)
   2	allow only authenticated connections
   3	allow only authenticated connections with ciphered passwords
The same could of course also be achieved with TXT records.

One question raised today was:
  Why is this useful at all? MTA MARK could also be accomplished much
  more effective by a firewall rule.
This is IMHO a good and valid question ;-)
An answer might be that firewalls rules are expensive, the more rules
a firewall has to check the more expensive they get. So with large
networks MTA MARK (or a more generalized form) could be a alternative.

	\Maex

-- 
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Research & Development |       D-80807 Muenchen    | Fax: +49 (89) 32356-299
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From: "Hallam-Baker, Phillip" <pbaker@verisign.com>
To: "'Yakov Shafranovich'" <research@solidmatrix.com>, ASRG <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] 6. Proposals - rDNS and DNS considerations
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Date: Tue, 2 Dec 2003 16:31:44 -0800

Following on on the rDNS track I did some investigation on the rDNS and DNS
side. The following issues were raised off list:

1) Is rDNS stable enough to depend on?
	Maybe. The quality of the data registered for North America and
European zones is 'reasonable'. It is not great but not ridiculous. The
quality of the data in the Asian zones is not at all good.

	One issue to consider is that some of the NICs have been proposing
to kill rDNS since "nobody uses it and it is no damn use".

	The feeling I got was that if a proposal that depended on rDNS was
deployed it would probably create a sufficient incentive for folk to fix the
stuff that needs fixing.


2) Can rDNS support other record types?
	I have not got a definitive answer here yet but the answer so far is
'don't see why not'. The 'reverse DNS' is only a chunk of the .arpa address
space that has been repurposed. There is nothing magic about it.

	The state of rDNS suggests that if anyone has an app out there that
is so fragile that it would be broken by a few TXT records then the best
thing to do is to blow it up now and put it out of our misery. RTFM

	There may be a theoretical chance that someone has built something
that depends on an assumption that rDNS is monolithic and unchanged. This
chance appears to be very small and the chance we should care is negligible.



3) (DNS and rDNS) Should we use TXT records or some new record type?
	The issues here are political and technical. The technical issues
have been discussed at some length. Basically getting a new record type is
the Kosher way to do the job but the issue of what the impact on the
deployed infrastracture would be is somewhat muddy. I don't think we need to
bother with the clarification, the political issues determine the matter.

	To get a DNS resource record assigned we have to have an (IETF)
standard. It is possible that the DNSEXT working group could act quickly,
this seems to mean order of 18 months to be realistic. That is not going to
be acceptable. It is not like we get a record type assignment and then get
to work with it.

	I described the RMX and SPF approaches. Encoding protocol names into
the DNS is now acceptable and is compatible with 'fast' tracking through the
working group. When I described the idea of encoding IP addresses I got a
period of silence and then 'thats what folk call a domain name hack'. I did
not get a feeling that the process would be at all short. Basically this is
the sort of proposal where people start suggesting that you build something
other than DNS.

	My take is that we should use TXT and if anyone criticizes us tell
them we will consider using a resource record if they tell us the numbers in
advance, otherwise no deal. [There is a reason I started using all those URI
based namespace designators, I loath registration processes, particularly
when they are used for control]


4) What are the realistic DNS spoofing and IPO address poisoning
vulnerabilities?
	Good news here, I have not got a definitive word but BIND9 is highly
resistant to domain name cache poisoning. There are still a lot of people
using BIND8 for performance reasons but that is not a major concern for us.
If you are running BIND8 turn on LMAP and then find spammers are attacking
you with cache poisoning you upgrade to BIND9.

	The IP spoofing issue seems to be unimportant. Although DNS is not
proof against this attack it is in practice pretty difficult with a low
probability of success and is very easy for the victim to detect.


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Subject: Re: [Asrg] 6. Proposals - rDNS and DNS considerations
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Date: Wed, 3 Dec 2003 01:56:37 +0100

On Tue, Dec 02, 2003 at 04:31:44PM -0800, Hallam-Baker, Phillip wrote:
> Following on on the rDNS track I did some investigation on the rDNS and DNS
> side. The following issues were raised off list:

Thanks. This is great stuff.

One comment, though:
> 	To get a DNS resource record assigned we have to have an (IETF)
> standard. It is possible that the DNSEXT working group could act quickly,
> this seems to mean order of 18 months to be realistic. That is not going to
> be acceptable. It is not like we get a record type assignment and then get
> to work with it.

Due to the threat caused by spam it might happen that the DNSEXT working
group could speed up things. However this would IMHO require that the
proposal is a stable and practicable solution with a high probability of
success. QTYPE is two octets and I don't think DNS will take large
damage if it turns out that one TYPE has been "misassigned" ;-)

	\Maex

-- 
SpaceNet AG            | Joseph-Dollinger-Bogen 14 | Fon: +49 (89) 32356-0
Research & Development |       D-80807 Muenchen    | Fax: +49 (89) 32356-299
"The security, stability and reliability of a computer system is reciprocally
 proportional to the amount of vacuity between the ears of the admin"

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From: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 6. Proposals - rDNS and DNS considerations
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Markus Stumpf wrote:
> On Tue, Dec 02, 2003 at 04:31:44PM -0800, Hallam-Baker, Phillip wrote:
> One comment, though:
> 
>>	To get a DNS resource record assigned we have to have an (IETF)
>>standard. It is possible that the DNSEXT working group could act quickly,
>>this seems to mean order of 18 months to be realistic. That is not going to
>>be acceptable. It is not like we get a record type assignment and then get
>>to work with it.
> 
> 
> Due to the threat caused by spam it might happen that the DNSEXT working
> group could speed up things. However this would IMHO require that the
> proposal is a stable and practicable solution with a high probability of
> success. QTYPE is two octets and I don't think DNS will take large
> damage if it turns out that one TYPE has been "misassigned" ;-)
>

I would like to make a suggestion related to this proposal. There are 
two separate issues involved here: one has to do with the idea itself, 
and another with the implementation. In order to be able to gauge the 
issue itself better before getting into the nitty-gritty of the 
implementation details, a discussion of the idea would be useful, either 
as a separate document, or as part of the main document. This should 
follow the checklist in the end of 
(http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-crocker-spam-techconsider-02.txt).

If you can do that, that would help us analyze and look at different 
issues better.

Yakov
-------
Yakov Shafranovich / asrg <at> shaftek.org
SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc. / research <at> solidmatrix.com
"I ate your Web page. / Forgive me. It was juicy / And tart on my 
tongue." (MIT's 404 Message)
-------


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Date: Tue, 2 Dec 2003 18:17:36 -0800

> Thanks. This is great stuff.
> 
> One comment, though:
> > 	To get a DNS resource record assigned we have to have an (IETF)
> > standard. It is possible that the DNSEXT working group 
> could act quickly,
> > this seems to mean order of 18 months to be realistic. That 
> is not going to
> > be acceptable. It is not like we get a record type 
> assignment and then get
> > to work with it.
> 
> Due to the threat caused by spam it might happen that the 
> DNSEXT working
> group could speed up things. However this would IMHO require that the
> proposal is a stable and practicable solution with a high 
> probability of
> success. QTYPE is two octets and I don't think DNS will take large
> damage if it turns out that one TYPE has been "misassigned" ;-)

Thats not the issue. The issue is control. If they hand out a QTYPE and we
define a domain name hack they lose control of the future of DNS
development.

I think spam is a major issue. But DNSEXT is a group where you can say 'if
the spec does not work in dotcom because it is too big the answer is to
reduce the size of dotcom' and not get laughed at.


		Phill

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To: ASRG list <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 6. Proposals - depracate all list/bulk mailing and changeto RSS
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Date: Tue, 2 Dec 2003 21:22:28 -0500

On Tue, Dec 02, 2003 at 05:22:42PM +1030, Chris wrote

> I don't want to have to keep reminding myself to "check my feed" or
> have YAP(yet another app) on my desktop and they don't do RSS anyway
> 
> Are you going to force the airline companys to set up a feed for me?

  For much the same reason we had to shut down open relays... the answer
to your question is "yes".  They were convenient, but were also massively
abused.  A one-to-one answer to a question is one thing.  Big email
shotgun blasts aimed at the entire internet are totally another.

  Some time ago, I made a rather sarcastic posting defying marketeers to
set up their own "unfiltered ISP", and watch current big ISPs collapse
overnight as millions of "eager double-opt-in-subscribers" defect to the
marketeers' ISP in order not be deprived of their newsletters.  It looks
more reasonable as time goes on.  With all the complaints about false
positives, why don't people set up unfiltered ISPs ?  Why doesn't
someone put up or shut up ?

-- 
Walter Dnes <waltdnes@waltdnes.org>
Email users are divided into two classes;
1) Those who have effective spam-blocking
2) Those who wish they did

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Subject: RE: [Asrg] Re: 6. Proposals - rDNS / MTA MARK
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Yavkov said...

> So I do not trust ISP's to do the right thing
> and most of them do not have egress filtering thus allowing spoofed
> packets to leave their networks.

I think it has been amply shown in the past that any system that relies on
an ISP to "do the right thing" is destined to fail.

laziness, cost, lack of knowledge or whatever will prevent many from doing
so.

ISP's could prevent much of the abuse (not just mail) that occurs on the net
today with such things as your example above, egress filtering. but do they?

So a system (whichever) must not rely on the ISP, but (IMHO) is better if
the ISP is "left out in the cold" if he doesn't conform.

that way when mail stops coming in or going out they must upgrade.

That is also why I feel that any system must be at zero dollars or as low as
possible to implement.

Would the web have grown as fast as it did if people were forced to pay M$
dollars for web servers ?

somehow I doubt it.


Regards
Chris






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From: "Chris" <asrg@rebel.com.au>
To: "Walter Dnes" <waltdnes@waltdnes.org>, "ASRG list" <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] 6. Proposals - depracate all list/bulk mailing and changeto RSS
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Chris wrote..
> >
> > Are you going to force the airline companys to set up a feed for me?
(RSS)
>

Walter replied..

>   For much the same reason we had to shut down open relays... the answer
> to your question is "yes".  They were convenient, but were also massively
> abused.

Any attempt to force someone to do something is destined to fail.
If the current system works for them then they won't change.

so we have to change the current system.
not try to force people to use another system.

And since when have we managed to shut down open relays?

e-mail is a one to one or one to many. that is the way it was designed
how can we change that?

Most e-mail is not "blasted out onto the internet" as you say. but is in
fact customised to suit the individual recipient even if it is just a web
bug to track if the person opened the e-mail in a html capable reader.

so essentially that becomes a one to one mailing.


Regards
Chris




> -----Original Message-----
> From: asrg-admin@ietf.org [mailto:asrg-admin@ietf.org]On Behalf Of
> Walter Dnes
> Sent: Wednesday, December 03, 2003 12:52 PM
> To: ASRG list
> Subject: Re: [Asrg] 6. Proposals - depracate all list/bulk mailing and
> changeto RSS
>
>
> On Tue, Dec 02, 2003 at 05:22:42PM +1030, Chris wrote
>
> > I don't want to have to keep reminding myself to "check my feed" or
> > have YAP(yet another app) on my desktop and they don't do RSS anyway
> >
> > Are you going to force the airline companys to set up a feed for me?
>
>   For much the same reason we had to shut down open relays... the answer
> to your question is "yes".  They were convenient, but were also massively
> abused.  A one-to-one answer to a question is one thing.  Big email
> shotgun blasts aimed at the entire internet are totally another.
>
>   Some time ago, I made a rather sarcastic posting defying marketeers to
> set up their own "unfiltered ISP", and watch current big ISPs collapse
> overnight as millions of "eager double-opt-in-subscribers" defect to the
> marketeers' ISP in order not be deprived of their newsletters.  It looks
> more reasonable as time goes on.  With all the complaints about false
> positives, why don't people set up unfiltered ISPs ?  Why doesn't
> someone put up or shut up ?
>
> --
> Walter Dnes <waltdnes@waltdnes.org>
> Email users are divided into two classes;
> 1) Those who have effective spam-blocking
> 2) Those who wish they did
>
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg


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My apologies Yakov for the typo

Regards
Chris


> -----Original Message-----
> 
> 
> Yavkov said...
> 
> > So I do not trust ISP's to do the right thing

snip...

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Subject: Re: [Asrg] 6. Proposals - rDNS / MTA MARK
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Date: Tue, 2 Dec 2003 21:54:43 -0500

> 
> Putting things in the reverse map has both advantages and disadvantages.
> I used for a while ISP that marked their whole IP range as spam source,
> and at the same time refusing to forward email that did not conform
> to <user>@<isp>.net. So I do not trust ISP's to do the right thing
> and most of them do not have egress filtering thus allowing spoofed
> packets to leave their networks.

Marking would only be one element in the total picture.  An ISP that
marked every address as an MTA would probably be subject to other
sorts of classification.  Re filters: MTA Marking has the advantage of
merely providing advice.  If I choose to accept SMTP connections from
my friend Joe's DSL system, I can do so even if his IP address is
marked as "not an MTA" (or more properly, "not an MTA that the owner
of the IP infrastructure operates).  I couldn't do so if the marking
was via firewall.  I prefer the approach that provides information and
lets participants act on that information.

You're always going to have bad actors (in this example, ISPs); I
don't think that's anything specific to MTAMark.  (That's similar to
that comment about how LMAP is bad because it will encourage viral
infections:  you can't not do something because somebody will do
something else bad.)


> This is a issue that should be discussed in DNSOPS but my feeling
> is reverse tree should be used better and this is as a good place as
> any other for capability of a host.

Indeed.


> I (personally) think the approach that uses the forward map to
> list mail sources at zone apex, is better as that requires far
> fewer entries.

But that's a different thing.  There's domain/MTA scope a la LMAP, and
there's IP marking a la MTAMark.  Unless I miss your point (which is
altogether likely).


> The draft example seems to suffer from a common misunderstanding
> that wildcard will match an existing name in a zone if the type
> does not exist, this is false see:
> http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-dnsext-wcard-clarify-02.txt

D'oh.  It's easy to make that mistake, even when one knows better.

-mm-

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From: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 6. Proposals - rDNS and DNS considerations
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Hallam-Baker, Phillip wrote:
> Following on on the rDNS track I did some investigation on the rDNS and DNS
> side. The following issues were raised off list:
> 
> 1) Is rDNS stable enough to depend on?
> 	Maybe. The quality of the data registered for North America and
> European zones is 'reasonable'. It is not great but not ridiculous. The
> quality of the data in the Asian zones is not at all good.
> 
> 	One issue to consider is that some of the NICs have been proposing
> to kill rDNS since "nobody uses it and it is no damn use".
> 

Are you refering to the regional registries (RIPE, APNIC, etc.)?

Yakov
-------
Yakov Shafranovich / asrg <at> shaftek.org
SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc. / research <at> solidmatrix.com
"And this too shall come to pass"
-------


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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: 6. Proposals - rDNS / MTA MARK
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Date: Wed, 3 Dec 2003 04:48:16 +0100

On Wed, Dec 03, 2003 at 01:05:10PM +1030, Chris wrote:
> I think it has been amply shown in the past that any system that relies on
> an ISP to "do the right thing" is destined to fail.

This is also true for everything an end user does. And it is also true
for everything that so called "consultants" do. To cite a customer:
   "no our mailserver can't be an open relay. we have just paid
    15000 bucks for a firewall and 10000 bucks for a consultant to set
    things up".
This is also true for anything programmers do, just look at bugtraq.

> ISP's could prevent much of the abuse (not just mail) that occurs on the net
> today with such things as your example above, egress filtering. but do they?

Enduser could prevent much of the abuse by simply not being so ignorant
and updating their software. Microsoft could prevent much of the abuse
by fixing their broken software. OpenSource programmers could prevent
much of the abuse by learning how to write programs.

I have blocked a customer that relayed viri through our mailserver and
notified him via phone. First he nearly called me names then they tried
to sue us. It's hard to find a judge that isn't ignorant and for whom
sending viri is really something that is evil and not something that
"you must live with".

> So a system (whichever) must not rely on the ISP, but (IMHO) is better if
> the ISP is "left out in the cold" if he doesn't conform.

A system (whichever) must not rely on any human without a clue or it
will not work. The best would be if everyone had to pay 10 bucks for
every email that he'd like to send, to a worldwide central authority.
9.90 will go to some human organisations and 0.10 will be used to
make the central authority.
Then after about 6 weeks we can shut down email completely as all will
fall back to send CDs and letters and make phone calls. Shutting down
SMTP and email will then solve the spam problem. Mission accomplished.

> Would the web have grown as fast as it did if people were forced to pay M$
> dollars for web servers ?

Would we have so much spammers if email weren't free and cheap?
Would the web be such a mess if HTML would be really complicated?
Would the Internet be so fsck'ed up if everyone would have to do a
   really hard exam before getting access and an even harder one before
   s/he is allowed to connect a computer to the Internet?

If you don't like your ISP, get a new one. If everyone does it the bad
ISPs will die. BUT: the bad ISPs are cheap, so everyone chooses them and
all cry about how bad the world is. Don't cry, do something about it.
It costs money? Only death is for free - and then it costs life.

	\Maex

-- 
SpaceNet AG            | Joseph-Dollinger-Bogen 14 | Fon: +49 (89) 32356-0
Research & Development |       D-80807 Muenchen    | Fax: +49 (89) 32356-299
"The security, stability and reliability of a computer system is reciprocally
 proportional to the amount of vacuity between the ears of the admin"

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and your point is?

Regards
Chris




> -----Original Message-----
> From: Markus Stumpf [mailto:maex-lists-spam-ietf-asrg@Space.Net]
> Sent: Wednesday, December 03, 2003 2:18 PM
> To: Chris
> Cc: Markus Stumpf; ASRG
> Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: 6. Proposals - rDNS / MTA MARK
>
>
> On Wed, Dec 03, 2003 at 01:05:10PM +1030, Chris wrote:
> > I think it has been amply shown in the past that any system
> that relies on
> > an ISP to "do the right thing" is destined to fail.
>
> This is also true for everything an end user does. And it is also true
> for everything that so called "consultants" do. To cite a customer:
>    "no our mailserver can't be an open relay. we have just paid
>     15000 bucks for a firewall and 10000 bucks for a consultant to set
>     things up".
> This is also true for anything programmers do, just look at bugtraq.
>
> > ISP's could prevent much of the abuse (not just mail) that
> occurs on the net
> > today with such things as your example above, egress filtering.
> but do they?
>
> Enduser could prevent much of the abuse by simply not being so ignorant
> and updating their software. Microsoft could prevent much of the abuse
> by fixing their broken software. OpenSource programmers could prevent
> much of the abuse by learning how to write programs.
>
> I have blocked a customer that relayed viri through our mailserver and
> notified him via phone. First he nearly called me names then they tried
> to sue us. It's hard to find a judge that isn't ignorant and for whom
> sending viri is really something that is evil and not something that
> "you must live with".
>
> > So a system (whichever) must not rely on the ISP, but (IMHO) is
> better if
> > the ISP is "left out in the cold" if he doesn't conform.
>
> A system (whichever) must not rely on any human without a clue or it
> will not work. The best would be if everyone had to pay 10 bucks for
> every email that he'd like to send, to a worldwide central authority.
> 9.90 will go to some human organisations and 0.10 will be used to
> make the central authority.
> Then after about 6 weeks we can shut down email completely as all will
> fall back to send CDs and letters and make phone calls. Shutting down
> SMTP and email will then solve the spam problem. Mission accomplished.
>
> > Would the web have grown as fast as it did if people were
> forced to pay M$
> > dollars for web servers ?
>
> Would we have so much spammers if email weren't free and cheap?
> Would the web be such a mess if HTML would be really complicated?
> Would the Internet be so fsck'ed up if everyone would have to do a
>    really hard exam before getting access and an even harder one before
>    s/he is allowed to connect a computer to the Internet?
>
> If you don't like your ISP, get a new one. If everyone does it the bad
> ISPs will die. BUT: the bad ISPs are cheap, so everyone chooses them and
> all cry about how bad the world is. Don't cry, do something about it.
> It costs money? Only death is for free - and then it costs life.
>
> 	\Maex
>
> --
> SpaceNet AG            | Joseph-Dollinger-Bogen 14 | Fon: +49 (89) 32356-0
> Research & Development |       D-80807 Muenchen    | Fax: +49
> (89) 32356-299
> "The security, stability and reliability of a computer system is
> reciprocally
>  proportional to the amount of vacuity between the ears of the admin"


_______________________________________________
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: 6. Proposals - rDNS / MTA MARK
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Date: Wed, 3 Dec 2003 05:29:56 +0100

On Wed, Dec 03, 2003 at 02:49:34PM +1030, Chris wrote:
> and your point is?

Bashing anyone will not solve the problem.
Either you have some substantial comments to make or you better make no
comments at all.

Even more if you top quote some 10 unaltered lines just for 4 words.

	\Maex

-- 
SpaceNet AG            | Joseph-Dollinger-Bogen 14 | Fon: +49 (89) 32356-0
Research & Development |       D-80807 Muenchen    | Fax: +49 (89) 32356-299
"The security, stability and reliability of a computer system is reciprocally
 proportional to the amount of vacuity between the ears of the admin"

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To: "ASRG" <asrg@ietf.org>
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Subject: RE: [Asrg] Re: 6. Proposals - rDNS / MTA MARK
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Now I may be wrong but.

It appears our Mr Markus Stumpf runs, administers or has something to do
with an IP blacklist (blackhole)

I must assume he has objected to comments I have made regarding blacklists.

Therefore it seems he has dropped my ISP into his IP blackhole

so rather than simply filter me out individually, he has blocked a few
thousand subscribers (many are businesses)

Sort of proves my point!

Chris


Reporting-MTA: dns; mail.chariot.net.au
Arrival-Date: Wed,  3 Dec 2003 14:45:46 +1030 (CST)

Final-Recipient: rfc822; maex-lists-spam-ietf-asrg@Space.Net
Action: failed
Status: 5.0.0
Diagnostic-Code: X-Postfix; host moebius.space.net[195.30.1.25] said: 553
    Blocked (203.87.95.38 / 20031117) Your mailserver is sending spam/UCE,
    probably an open relay. See http://www.space.net/abuse/rbl/ (in reply to
    RCPT TO command)




_______________________________________________
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The BCP subgroup (asrg-bcp {at} ntp.org) is currently under review as 
part of
our reorganization process. Its coordinator, Brad Knowles, resigned from
his post and left the ASRG some time ago.

Yakov


-------
Yakov Shafranovich / asrg <at> shaftek.org
SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc. / research <at> solidmatrix.com
"All that is gold does not glitter" (J.R.R. Tolkien)
-------


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From: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: 6. Proposals - rDNS / MTA MARK
In-reply-to: <GPEMJLCHICHEGPOKJHHDIEHBGNAA.asrg@rebel.com.au>
To: Chris <asrg@rebel.com.au>
Cc: ASRG <asrg@ietf.org>, Markus Stumpf <maex-lists-spam-ietf-asrg@Space.Net>
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This is not a message for the public list, bashing each other is not 
going to help. If you have a problem with someone in the group, PLEASE 
contact the person, or the co-chairs OFF-LIST first.

If you look at the message closely, "Blocked (203.87.95.38 / 20031117)", 
the second number appears to be a date, which is at least three weeks 
earlier than today. If you want to follow up on this, do it off-list.

Sincerely,
Yakov Shafranovich
Co-Chair, ASRG

Chris wrote:
> Now I may be wrong but.
> 
> It appears our Mr Markus Stumpf runs, administers or has something to do
> with an IP blacklist (blackhole)
> 
> I must assume he has objected to comments I have made regarding blacklists.
> 
> Therefore it seems he has dropped my ISP into his IP blackhole
> 
> so rather than simply filter me out individually, he has blocked a few
> thousand subscribers (many are businesses)
> 
> Sort of proves my point!
> 
> Chris
> 
> 
> Reporting-MTA: dns; mail.chariot.net.au
> Arrival-Date: Wed,  3 Dec 2003 14:45:46 +1030 (CST)
> 
> Final-Recipient: rfc822; maex-lists-spam-ietf-asrg@Space.Net
> Action: failed
> Status: 5.0.0
> Diagnostic-Code: X-Postfix; host moebius.space.net[195.30.1.25] said: 553
>     Blocked (203.87.95.38 / 20031117) Your mailserver is sending spam/UCE,
>     probably an open relay. See http://www.space.net/abuse/rbl/ (in reply to
>     RCPT TO command)
> 
-------
Yakov Shafranovich / asrg <at> shaftek.org
SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc. / research <at> solidmatrix.com
"I ate your Web page. / Forgive me. It was juicy / And tart on my 
tongue." (MIT's 404 Message)
-------


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From exim@www1.ietf.org  Wed Dec  3 00:06:26 2003
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Date: Wed, 3 Dec 2003 06:05:29 +0100

On Wed, Dec 03, 2003 at 03:06:56PM +1030, Chris wrote:
> Now I may be wrong but.

You are.

> I must assume he has objected to comments I have made regarding blacklists.

No you must not.
Btw. I haven't seen/can't remember comments from you regarding blacklists
and I don't care either.

> Therefore it seems he has dropped my ISP into his IP blackhole

No, it is because the mailserver is sending spam as the message says.
The block was put in 17-11-2003 (22:30 GMT+1)
    See:    http://rblsrv.space.net/history/203/87/95/38
These are a few samples.
iconoclast@space.net  btw. is an address for which we receive some 10 spams
a day and the domain @bllv.de receives dictionary attacks every other week.

>     Blocked (203.87.95.38 / 20031117) Your mailserver is sending spam/UCE,
>     probably an open relay. See http://www.space.net/abuse/rbl/ (in reply to
>     RCPT TO command)

If you have a problem with the block there is a contact form at
    http://www.space.net/abuse/rbl/
Use it. This list is not the appropriate place.

At least I can understand now why you are bashing ISPs ...

	\Maex

-- 
SpaceNet AG            | Joseph-Dollinger-Bogen 14 | Fon: +49 (89) 32356-0
Research & Development |       D-80807 Muenchen    | Fax: +49 (89) 32356-299
"The security, stability and reliability of a computer system is reciprocally
 proportional to the amount of vacuity between the ears of the admin"

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From: "Chris" <asrg@rebel.com.au>
To: "ASRG" <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] Re: 6. Proposals - rDNS / MTA MARK
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I must apologise to Markus

He is correct my ISP has been blacklisted for a while and I have worked out
why I have only just started receiving the bounces. (stupid of me not to
figure it out earlier)

Coincidence has a lot to do with this.

I am sending this to the group not offlist because I want to make it public
and because If I send directly to him it will bounce :(


Regards
Chris



> -----Original Message-----
> From: Markus Stumpf [mailto:maex-lists-spam-ietf-asrg@Space.Net]
> Sent: Wednesday, December 03, 2003 3:35 PM
> To: Chris
> Cc: ASRG; Markus Stumpf
> Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: 6. Proposals - rDNS / MTA MARK
>
>
> On Wed, Dec 03, 2003 at 03:06:56PM +1030, Chris wrote:
> > Now I may be wrong but.
>
> You are.
>
> > I must assume he has objected to comments I have made regarding
> blacklists.
>
> No you must not.
> Btw. I haven't seen/can't remember comments from you regarding blacklists
> and I don't care either.
>
> > Therefore it seems he has dropped my ISP into his IP blackhole
>
> No, it is because the mailserver is sending spam as the message says.
> The block was put in 17-11-2003 (22:30 GMT+1)
>     See:    http://rblsrv.space.net/history/203/87/95/38
> These are a few samples.
> iconoclast@space.net  btw. is an address for which we receive
> some 10 spams
> a day and the domain @bllv.de receives dictionary attacks every
> other week.
>
> >     Blocked (203.87.95.38 / 20031117) Your mailserver is
> sending spam/UCE,
> >     probably an open relay. See http://www.space.net/abuse/rbl/
> (in reply to
> >     RCPT TO command)
>
> If you have a problem with the block there is a contact form at
>     http://www.space.net/abuse/rbl/
> Use it. This list is not the appropriate place.
>
> At least I can understand now why you are bashing ISPs ...
>
> 	\Maex
>
> --
> SpaceNet AG            | Joseph-Dollinger-Bogen 14 | Fon: +49 (89) 32356-0
> Research & Development |       D-80807 Muenchen    | Fax: +49
> (89) 32356-299
> "The security, stability and reliability of a computer system is
> reciprocally
>  proportional to the amount of vacuity between the ears of the admin"


_______________________________________________
Asrg mailing list
Asrg@ietf.org
https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg



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From: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>
To: ASRG <asrg@ietf.org>
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Organization: SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc.
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An interesting article
(http://www.news.com.au/common/story_page/0,4057,8040330%255E421,00.html):

--------snip-----
"AUSTRALIA'S largest internet service provider Telstra BigPond will
monitor its customers' e-mails and suspend the accounts of users
suspected of sending spam, viruses or denial-of-service attacks under
new rules to be introduced later this month.
	
Under changes to its Acceptable Use Policy, BigPond company will
investigate cable and ADSL Internet customers sending more than 20
e-mails in a 10-minute period.

Customers sending more e-mails than the prescribed limit may be
suspected of sending unsolicited e-mail, known as spam, and BigPond
management "may suspend the (user's) account while the customer is
contacted".

"But Internet experts yesterday criticised BigPond's policy changes and
warned they could unfairly cause problems for legitimate e-mail users
trying to contact social groups and family members."
"
--------snip-----

Also mentioned on SlashDot
(http://slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=03/12/03/0044202).

Yakov

-------
Yakov Shafranovich / asrg <at> shaftek.org
SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc. / research <at> solidmatrix.com
"One who watches the wind will never sow, and one who keeps his eyes on 
the clouds will never reap" (Ecclesiastes 11:4)
-------


_______________________________________________
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https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg



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Date: Wed, 03 Dec 2003 10:27:56 +0000

> 
> Now I may be wrong but.
> 

 http://openrbl.org/ip/203/87/95/38.htm





--

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Date: Tue, 2 Dec 2003 23:41:04 -0800

On Tue, Dec 02, 2003 at 11:21:14AM -0800, Hallam-Baker, Phillip wrote:
[...]
>   * Responsibility for defining label terms and their use is properly the
> domain of the FTC, the role of the IETF would appear to be limited to
> defining the mechanism by which the labels are expressed.

The IETF is global, and the standards it develops are not restricted to
the US.  While it is very tempting to simply use labels from CAN-SPAM,
what if the Chines Government (for example) produced similar laws, but
with different labels? (The US government has limited jurisdiction over
email that originates from China.)


[...]

>   * The principal difficulty with use of keyword terms is the risk of
> collision. This risk may be mitigated by defining some form of prefix scheme
> analogous to the namespace scheme employed in XML. Keyword labels might be
> encoded as USFTC:Spam or possibly IETF:Spam. It is likely that IANA
> registration will be sufficient to avoid prefix collisions.

Perhaps, but there are other issues.  The common case in an IANA
registry is that one or more "technical experts" are annointed to pass
on additions to the registry, but that doesn't seem appropriate here. 
There is another possible model, that of the urn/uri registries, where
essentially anyone can register a schema, and obvious problems are
vetted via a mailing list of interested parties.  It's not clear that's
appropriate, either. 

> Given that we are not the IETF and given that we report through the IAB and
> given that political philosophy is out of scope that would appear to be the
> sum total of the discussion of the topic here that has relevance.

OK, but... the IANA registry being hinted at seems to me to have some 
fairly unique characteristics, and it would probably be worth trying to 
outline at least some possibilities of how the IANA would manage it.

Regards

Kent

-- 
Kent Crispin                               "Be good, and you will be
kent@icann.org,kent@songbird.com            lonesome."
p: +1 310 823 9358  f: +1 310 823 8649               -- Mark Twain


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From: "Hallam-Baker, Phillip" <pbaker@verisign.com>
To: "'Yakov Shafranovich'" <research@solidmatrix.com>,
        "Hallam-Baker, Phillip" <pbaker@verisign.com>
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Subject: RE: [Asrg] 6. Proposals - rDNS and DNS considerations
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Date: Wed, 3 Dec 2003 06:57:15 -0800


> Hallam-Baker, Phillip wrote:
> > Following on on the rDNS track I did some investigation on 
> the rDNS and DNS
> > side. The following issues were raised off list:
> > 
> > 1) Is rDNS stable enough to depend on?
> > 	Maybe. The quality of the data registered for North America and
> > European zones is 'reasonable'. It is not great but not 
> ridiculous. The
> > quality of the data in the Asian zones is not at all good.
> > 
> > 	One issue to consider is that some of the NICs have 
> been proposing
> > to kill rDNS since "nobody uses it and it is no damn use".
> > 
> 
> Are you refering to the regional registries (RIPE, APNIC, etc.)?

Yes, but I can't be more specific.

The feeling I got was that we are in a use it or loose it situation. IF we
define a compelling use of the reverse DNS to help control spam and that
becomes a killer application then the reverse DNS probably stays intact.


I made another call today and got some additional info on rDNS. There is
absolutely no problem putting TXT records in there. 


		Phill

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From: "Hallam-Baker, Phillip" <pbaker@verisign.com>
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Subject: RE: [Asrg] Re: 6. Proposals - rDNS / MTA MARK - DESCRIPtion not P
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Date: Wed, 3 Dec 2003 08:10:23 -0800


> There are people (even in IETF DNSOP) that think revDNS is obsolete
> and if not for IPv4 it will be at least for IPv6 ;-)

If there is a value it can be implemented. Given the rate of IPv6 progress I
would not worry overmuch about it at this point, the principal of mapping
addresses still holds, the difference is that you probably use a lot of
wildcards and possibly even synthesized responses.


> Currently we tend to a more structured approach like
> 
>   _perm._smtp._tcp.8.0.30.195.in-addr.arpa	IN	TXT	"1"
>   _perm._smtp._tcp.1.0.30.195.in-addr.arpa	IN	TXT	"0"
> 
> or like
> 
>   _smtp._tcp.8.0.30.195.in-addr.arpa		IN	PERM	1
>   _smtp._tcp.1.0.30.195.in-addr.arpa		IN	PERM	0

I would suggest that what is going on here is that you have a lookup
application and that should be your primary key. Within the lookup
application you have a specific protocol, transport and port. Then there is
information about the lookup.

This suggests to me that the ordering should be something like 

	_perm.8.0.30.195.in-addr.arp			The permission
application
	_xxx.8.0.30.195.in-addr.arp			Some other
application
	_smtp._tcp._perm.8.0.30.195.in-addr.arp	Permission data relating to
smtp

Now one issue to consider here is that we are talking about a reverse
lookup. I do not think that the _smtp._tcp labelling is necessarily the
right one. It is right for SRV which goes in the forward direction and could
involve port swapping. 

I think that our application is the reverse, we receive a stimulus on an IP
address, Port, Protocol tuple and want to look it up

	_80._tcp._perm.8.0.30.195.in-addr.arp	Permission data for TCP port
80
	*._perm.8.0.30.195.in-addr.arp		Permission data for all
protocols

OK that is the search term, lets look at the right hand side.

I dislike the binary approach suggested. The types of applications I am
concerned about go beyond spam, I am also concerned about attacks on my root
servers.

I would want to be able to include contact information into the reverse DNS
to be able to perform remediation. So an ISP can add into the rDNS a NAPTR
pointer to its contact desk. That looks like a different application.


From the spam side I would like to be able to broaden the problem. I do not
want to express permission, I want to describe the port and address. If it
is a question of Permission it should be enforced at the router. What we are
talking about here is DESCRIPtion.

	_80._tcp._descrip.8.0.30.195.in-addr.arp	? "TBS"

My discussion with Mark Kosters on TXT versus new record type was somewhat
surprising. I mentioned TXT and got back the response, Oh thats OK that will
work. 

This begs the question of the advantage of a new record type. The only
advantage in the DNS protocol is that a record type is a search term. But it
is already clear that we need additional search terms to be included here
and from a management point of view the _descrip term is pretty nice to
have. Go back to my hypothetical contact desk application. It is quite
likely I would want to be able to separate management of the two data sets
for the different applications by delegating to different resolvers. The
DESCRIPtion resolver might well be some synthetic resolver working on the
DHCP box. I can imaging my contact resolver being very different.


I would like to have more description terms and to be able to impose some
sort of taxonomy on them. It should be possible to combine search terms and
for new terms to be defined independently of the specification.

I see the search terms being expressed syntactically as a TXT record with a
string of XML QName like terms:

   One A:Two B:Three 

If a prefix is specified it is defined by means of a URI in the same manner
as XML namespaces. This may seem overly complex but DO NOT DISCOUNT
EXTENSIBILITY, my experience is that if a protocol is to remain simple and
relevant it should have the extension mechanism designed in. People always
attack the extension mechanisms, particularly if they are unconstrained and
do not involve a council of the great and the good handing out numbers like
IANA does.


The basic terms I think we need are:

    NotAllocated		The address has not been allocated by a
local registry
    NotInService		The address has been allocated but is not in
service
    Prohibited		The address is prohibited from using the speicifed
port
    Restricted		The address is associated with a restricted service
    Annonymous		The address is associated with annoynmous service,
beware.

Annonymous service is what I might provide to people who happened to be
passing by and needed some 802.11b service ex gracia.

Within Restricted and Annonymous I think there are some sub terms
    Pooled			The address is allocated on a pooled basis,
this would
				usually correspond to a dial up modem
    Fixed			The address is allocated on a long term
basis so that
				a single user is associated with the
connection

The point here is that there is no need to prohibit the use of Pooled or
Fixed restricted connections to send mail provided that the receiver is
warned and can take appropriate spam control measures.

Since these are mutually exclusive they can be tied to the master term,
something like Restricted.Pooled


> A solution to that would be to make the RHS not a boolean but e.g.
> a 64 bit integer and give it a meaning:
>    0    dont allow connections
>    1	allow unauthenticated connections (aka outgoing MTA)
>    2	allow only authenticated connections
>    3	allow only authenticated connections with ciphered passwords
> The same could of course also be achieved with TXT records.

TXT is much more extensible. Even if we do not have namespaces.

> One question raised today was:
>   Why is this useful at all? MTA MARK could also be accomplished much
>   more effective by a firewall rule.
> This is IMHO a good and valid question ;-)

I would like to avoid closing down port 25 just because someone is working
from a mass market connection. What do we do when it is no longer possible
to get T1 connections to a house because the cable company has driven the
competition out? If a service 

> An answer might be that firewalls rules are expensive, the more rules
> a firewall has to check the more expensive they get. So with large
> networks MTA MARK (or a more generalized form) could be a alternative.

Firewall rules are a blunt instrument and encourage people to work arround.
If port 25 starts being shut down everywhere there are going to be a lot of
people setting up servers that accept email under submit - and many will end
up being open.

		Phill

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From: "Hallam-Baker, Phillip" <pbaker@verisign.com>
To: "'kent@icann.org'" <kent@icann.org>, ASRG <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] 6. Proposals - Legal - Subject labeling - FTC response
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Date: Wed, 3 Dec 2003 08:34:10 -0800


> On Tue, Dec 02, 2003 at 11:21:14AM -0800, Hallam-Baker, Phillip wrote:
> [...]
> >   * Responsibility for defining label terms and their use 
> is properly the
> > domain of the FTC, the role of the IETF would appear to be 
> limited to
> > defining the mechanism by which the labels are expressed.
> 
> The IETF is global, and the standards it develops are not 
> restricted to
> the US.  While it is very tempting to simply use labels from CAN-SPAM,
> what if the Chines Government (for example) produced similar laws, but
> with different labels? (The US government has limited 
> jurisdiction over email that originates from China.)

That is certainly possible. However there is a natural process that reduces
this type of proliferation. The terms defined comprise a shared vocabulary,
the use of those terms establishes an intersubjective understanding of the
terms. If you use a term that is outside that vocabulary and it cannot be
understood then it has no effect.

There are actually two issues here. First China might define different terms
with the same meaning. Second China might define different terms with a
completely different meaning. The IETF could only actually address the
first.

Clearly there is an advantage if the prefix choosen is neutral. China is
much less likely to attempt to define its own term in place of ietf:spam
than it would usftc:spam. But that does not change the fact that the actual
act of definition can be left to the FTC lawyers.


The proliferation issue is not as severe here as it is in other areas since
many spam filters use feedback and are thus capable of learning new terms
and assigning appropriate weights.


> Perhaps, but there are other issues.  The common case in an IANA
> registry is that one or more "technical experts" are annointed to pass
> on additions to the registry, but that doesn't seem appropriate here. 
> There is another possible model, that of the urn/uri registries, where
> essentially anyone can register a schema, and obvious problems are
> vetted via a mailing list of interested parties.  It's not 
> clear that's appropriate, either. 

How do we know who should be the experts? Perhaps we could try strange women
lying about in ponds distributing swords?

I prefer the URI model, but I think for this particular case the value of
transporting the additional URI information required to disambiguate the
term is not justified by the benefit.


> > Given that we are not the IETF and given that we report 
> through the IAB and
> > given that political philosophy is out of scope that would 
> appear to be the
> > sum total of the discussion of the topic here that has relevance.
> 
> OK, but... the IANA registry being hinted at seems to me to have some 
> fairly unique characteristics, and it would probably be worth 
> trying to 
> outline at least some possibilities of how the IANA would manage it.

I don't think that an IANA registry is needed. People will avoid terms that
are already in use when they want to define new semantics.

Several hundred years ago the Academie Francaise was formed with the goal of
promoting French as the international language by means of Napoleon's
cannons and rigorously defining the meaning of each word in the French
language.

We can now see that this endeavor is a total failure, and not just because
of Waterloo. The Academie Francaise did not promote the growth of the French
language, it smothered it in beuracracy. Meanwhile English has been
successful as the International language for exactly the reasons French
failled, there is no central repository of 'experts' trying to control
things.


		Phill

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From: "Hallam-Baker, Phillip" <pbaker@verisign.com>
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Subject: [Asrg] 0.? General? Openness, Blacklists and Accreditation and Network E
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Date: Wed, 3 Dec 2003 10:17:52 -0800

All,

	I am just working on a revision of my authentication and
accreditation paper. The point was raised that there is a potential for a
'lock in' situation similar to that created by the early web browsers which
included a limited number of CA roots for SSL. Since this is an important
point that has a widespread impact I think we should discuss it on the
general list.

	First, do not assume that a static list is necessarily in the best
interests of the CAs accreditation authorities or other trust providers. One
of the weaknesses of the SSL and padlock scheme is that it limits the degree
of trust to a binary choice, either there is trust or there is not. This
prevents CAs from creating premium certification products that involve a
higher degree of authentication and hence assurance for a specific purpose.
I would like to be able to offer a certificate that is exclusively for
doctors for example and would be identified by means of a specific logotype
embedded in the certificate (this is being worked on in PKIX). There is also
a leveling down effect, the binary trust criteria does not require the CA to
accept any liability (VeriSign accepts up to $1 million) and some CAs do not
actually perform any authentication beyond checking that the credit card
payment clears. The risk here is that Gresham's law applies and bad
certificates drive out the good.

	For the spam application we clearly do not want a binary
accreditation system. Although our ultimate decision is going to be binary
(accept/reject) or at best ternary (accept/questionable/reject) the data we
use to make that decision is inherently shades of grey where the weighting
factors are supplied by the end recipients.

	I am using the term accreditation here loosely to refer to any
positive statement that is made concerning an email sender. This
accreditation might consist of authenticating the business registration of
the sender but I prefer when working in this particular context to reserve
that term for authenication of the sender's right to use a particular domain
name to originate spam.

	The lock in potential here is that we reach a point where it is
effectively impossible to send email without providing some form of
accreditation. It is easy to see how this will arrise, there is a strong
positive feedback effect. As soon as a significant number of email senders
authenticate their mail there will be a significant number of people who use
that as a filter criteria. This will in turn create an incentive for others
to become accredited etc. The network effect here is devastating. That is
why it is such a good potential spam control.

	I believe that we need to differentiate between a requirement for
accreditation becomming effectively compulsory and a requirement for
accreditation from a particular source becomming effectively compulsory. The
first may be a nuisance but so is spam. The only way to deal with spam
origination is to have some means of holding senders accountable, that will
inevitably mean the innocent bear some cost. Even if so the cost of
accreditation is only the same as the cost of an SSL cert today ($350) it is
a gain since most ISPs and email senders spend considerably more than that
getting themselves re-accredited in bilateral negotiations with blacklists
and major ISPs. The cost of accreditation is already there, deal with it.


	So we are down to the question of how an email sender can use a new
form of accreditation that has never been seen before and for that
credential to establish the appropriate reputation (from always legitimate
to always spam).

	I think we need to extend the LMAP concepts to cover this, lets
start from basics. We have a bunch of email servers for the domain
example.com which is in turn accredited by three organizations. I think we
need to have separate ways of encoding the two types of information:

8.0.30.195._smtp._lmap.example.com  	TXT	"Yeah this cat can send
email"
9.0.30.195._smtp._lmap.example.com  	TXT	"Yeah this cat can send
email"
10.0.30.195._smtp._lmap.example.com  	TXT	"Yeah this cat can send
email"
11.0.30.195._smtp._lmap.example.com  	TXT	"Yeah this cat can send
email"

_accr._lmap.example.com TXT "Accreditation 1"
_accr._lmap.example.com TXT "Accreditation 2"
_accr._lmap.example.com TXT "Accreditation 3"

	Here I have deliberately used bogus text to get the idea across. The
reciever looking to validate email from IP address 195.30.0.9 would look up
the records for BOTH 9.0.30.195._smtp._lmap.example.com and
_accr._lmap.example.com.

	The accreditation record needs to express the following information:

The protocol by which the accreditation may be confirmed
Unique key that identifies the source of the accreditation
The protocol address (can be the same as the key for the source)
Any additional data which might be required as a part of the accreditation
protocol.


For example imagine that there are accreditation services run by
promisenottaspam.com. The accreditation record for their "accredit one"
product might be something of the form:

_accr._lmap.example.com TXT "DNS TXT accredit.promisenottaspam.com www"

This would mean 'the accreditation is expressed by means of a TXT record
www.example.com.accredit.promisenottaspam.com'.

Note that we do not need to use the DNS to say whether this is a good or a
bad thing, the decision to apply weight and what weight to give to this
information lies with the recipient alone.

Over a short period of time feedback filtering systems would quickly
allocate the right weights to new accreditation schemes without the need for
user intervention. The feedback could be short loop (spambayes) where the
user provides direct feedback to an algorithm or long loop with a spam
filtering company in the loop.


The big advantage over this system over the current blacklist driven scheme
is that the sender of the email gets to choose the criteria they agree to
abide by, the recipient gets to choose the criteria they agree to accept.
There is no coercion by external agencies.

The accreditation source can measure who is relying on what information. One
of the weaknesses of the current blacklist configuration is that in effect
every blacklist is trying to control the whole world. Of course some people
like this, it fits their ego. The downside is that quality is variable and
there is no way to know how reliable a blacklist listing is.

We might see some blacklists cutting down on the range of sources that they
respond on. So for example if someone has a spam honeypot and is simply
listing out the authenticated domain names they see sending to the pot
people might advertise the existence of a new accreditation service even
though it was not positively accrediting them, only providing negative
accreditations of other sources.

		Phill

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From: "Hector Santos" <winserver.support@winserver.com>
To: "Anti-Spam" <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: [Asrg] 6. Proposals - No Solications Proposals - Allowable Hours
Organization: Santronics Software, Inc
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Has there been any discussions about "When" spammers can be allow to send
mail?

If so, never mind.

If not......

I was wondering it makes any sense to include a concept describing receiving
server "Allowable Hours."  for accepting mail.

A client can use this target server information to help schedule mail/spam
activities, thus respecting server loading issues, i.e, day vs. night
operations.

This can be added ion any of extended DNS records proposal

        TXT="Hours.Open=03-06 GMT"    ; no domain, return path validation
performed
        TXT="Hours.Open.Secret=123FX23"    ; password to be used for
compliance
        TXT="Hours.Closed=08-05 GMT"       ; normal business hours for
established relationships
        TXT="Hours.Closed.secret=232r223"    ; password to be used for
compliance

The above are just an examples for illustrative purposes.  I'm sure the
attributes can be reduced.

The compliant client will obtain the secret password to be used with an
extended EHLO command.  Nothing secured about it.  The client simply needs
to echo it with a new EHLO extension keyword:

       C: EHLO clientdomain
       S: 250- SECRET
       S  250 Help
       C: SECRET 123FX23

possible response codes:

       S: 250 - Ok, continue
       S: 452 - Sorry, wrong secret, try again
       S: 552 - Sorry, wrong hours, don't try again during closed hours

The server can choose to change the secret every hour or daily or whatever.
Its a simple method to make sure the client is compliant within the hours
system.

If a non-compliant client (does not issue the SECRET) connects during open
hours, normal SMTP operational system policies apply.

If a non-compliant client connects during closed hours, restriction,
validation concepts may apply.

In Mr. Malamud's No Soliciting proposal

http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-malamud-no-soliciting-02.txt

He can add a similar concept to the EHLO response.  The compliant client can
then quickly see when the system is open.  However, this method would be
redundant since a compliant client would need to be changed anyway.  Might
was well get the info from DNS if already compliant.  The client can then
avoid connecting to the server during non-solicitation hours.

Benefits:

- organizations would be able to reduce servers load during their main
day/hours.

- Scalability and/or overhead, redundancy issues with some of the proposals
would be reduced since it would only be active during certain times of the
day.

- compliant clients (hence spammers) would now have the incentive to follow
the protocol because it will help get their foot into the door in the future
new "controlled" smtp environment.   They now know they would be able to
push mail during certain hours only.

Cons:

- Possibly concentrated bandwidth issues. If highly honored by spammers,  it
might result in periods during the day/night where network activities would
be high.   I guess this might be controlled with additional
"hours.mail.limits" attributes.

- Requires software change (or usage of a smtp proxy)

The old Fidonet Network has a similar concept called global Zone Hour which
allowed for unsolicited contact by any member in the network.  The main goal
was to guarantee network contact even for those systems who did not allow
direct p2p during non-zone hours.  Zone Mail was the only thing allowed
during this period (No file attachments).

Comments?  Is it worth any more consideration?

Hector Santos
http://www.santronics.com





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Subject: Re: [Asrg] 6. Proposals - No Solications Proposals - Allowable Hours
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Date: Thu, 04 Dec 2003 15:48:32 +0000

> Has there been any discussions about "When" spammers can be allow to send
> mail?
> 
> 
> 
> I was wondering it makes any sense to include a concept describing
> receiving
> server "Allowable Hours."  for accepting mail.
> 

I can't see why. You should already control the maximum number of
connections you accept (reserving a number for trusted peers perhaps). This
spreads the load somewhat - and simply.







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From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@ox.org>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: 6. Proposals: LMAP proposals 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Sun, 30 Nov 2003 15:50:21 PST."
             <3FCA823D.40803@elvey.com> 
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Date: Thu, 04 Dec 2003 14:00:58 -0500

Matthew Elvey <matthew@elvey.com> wrote:
> And I forgot - of course MAIL FROM: <> needs to be mentioned as a 
> special case.

  Yes, I'll add that.

> Something like this is needed:
> "Email submitted to a secondary MX for relay to the primary MX MUST 
> somehow have the LMAP policy of the domain it claims to be from queried 
> and applied." .  If only the secondary receiving the email will  have 
> enough information, then this could be said more simply.
> Should this be added to one of the LMAP draft documents?

  I'll add it to the discussion draft.

> I just thought of another possible problem with LMAP.  If a spammer 
> using direct-to-MX spamware sends email to me, from me, (as I'd bet they 
> regularly do) it may not be caught by LMAP.

  That's a local configuration issue.

  Alan DeKok.

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From: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>
To: ASRG <asrg@ietf.org>
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Organization: SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc.
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Subject: [Asrg] 0. General - NIST Workshop on spam to be held
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Date: Thu, 04 Dec 2003 12:41:28 -0500
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NIST/CSD Spam Technology Workshop will be held in February, information 
is available at this website:

http://csrc.nist.gov/spam/

(For those outside the US, NIST or "National Institute of Standards and 
Technology", is the standards body of the US Federal Government)

-----------------------------------------
February 17, 2004
NIST Gaithersburg Campus
Building 101, Green Auditorium
9 am until 4 pm

The workshop agenda topics will include filtering at the 
Internet/network and client sides (e.g., how to detect spam and how to 
reduce it), input from standards bodies on relevant current activities, 
Internet service providers' current and future plans to deal with spam, 
and technical issues regarding the efficacy of proposals to create "do 
not spam" lists. NIST is also interested in hearing about research 
challenges to developing and measuring improvements in spam control and 
reduction technology.

NIST also wishes to discuss ideas for criteria and procedures (that 
might be developed by NIST and others, resources permitting) by which 
the effectiveness of spam controls products might be tested (e.g., by 
independent third party testing organizations).

Given the one-day workshop format, it is anticipated that following a 
keynote presentation and other opening remarks, there will be two 
sessions/panels in the morning and two in the afternoon. Anyone 
interested in speaking or coordinating a panel discussion should submit 
a paper or panel proposal to Joan Hash by December 31, 2003 (see contact 
information below). Topics and proposed talks should not be "sales 
pitches" for specific commercial products or firms. Papers and 
additional information for distribution to workshop attendees and the 
website may also be submitted. (NIST may decide at its discretion not to 
include non-germane and product sales material.) Additional proposed 
agenda topics should be submitted immediately for consideration by the 
NIST planning committee.

Registration information:

Because of NIST security regulations, advance registration is mandatory;
there will be no on-site, same-day registration.

The online registration form (secured registration page) may also be 
printed and faxed to 301-948-2067 (Attn: Spam Technology Workshop) by 
February 3, 2004.

Registration fee: $70 (Includes lunch)
Payment can be made by credit card, check, purchase order, and 
government training form.
-----------------------------------------

Yakov

-------
Yakov Shafranovich / asrg <at> shaftek.org
SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc. / research <at> solidmatrix.com
"One who watches the wind will never sow, and one who keeps his eyes on 
the clouds will never reap" (Ecclesiastes 11:4)
-------


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From: "Hallam-Baker, Phillip" <pbaker@verisign.com>
To: "'Alan DeKok'" <aland@ox.org>, asrg@ietf.org
Subject: RE: [Asrg] Re: 6. Proposals: LMAP proposals 
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Date: Thu, 4 Dec 2003 12:08:11 -0800

One idea to add into the mix here that i just raised on the SPF list is that
people should consider the use of dynamic dns to configure LMAP type
proposals.

Large ISPs have large number of outgoing mail servers with essentially
random IP address configurations. These are further complicated by co-locs
etc.

Can we use dynamic dns to address the configuration issue? If so we can
simplify the core protocol.

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Alan DeKok [mailto:aland@ox.org]
> Sent: Thursday, December 04, 2003 2:01 PM
> To: asrg@ietf.org
> Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: 6. Proposals: LMAP proposals 
> 
> 
> Matthew Elvey <matthew@elvey.com> wrote:
> > And I forgot - of course MAIL FROM: <> needs to be mentioned as a 
> > special case.
> 
>   Yes, I'll add that.
> 
> > Something like this is needed:
> > "Email submitted to a secondary MX for relay to the primary MX MUST 
> > somehow have the LMAP policy of the domain it claims to be 
> from queried 
> > and applied." .  If only the secondary receiving the email 
> will  have 
> > enough information, then this could be said more simply.
> > Should this be added to one of the LMAP draft documents?
> 
>   I'll add it to the discussion draft.
> 
> > I just thought of another possible problem with LMAP.  If a spammer 
> > using direct-to-MX spamware sends email to me, from me, (as 
> I'd bet they 
> > regularly do) it may not be caught by LMAP.
> 
>   That's a local configuration issue.
> 
>   Alan DeKok.
> 
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg
> 

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Date: 5 Dec 2003 03:00:36 -0000

> Has there been any discussions about "When" spammers can be allow to
> send mail?

No.  On the other hand, everyone I know who runs a mail server is just
as eager not to get spam at two in the morning as they are at two in
the afternoon.

Merely because it's possible to implement something doesn't mean that
it's useful or a good idea.

Regards,
John Levine, johnl@iecc.com, Primary Perpetrator of "The Internet for Dummies",
Information Superhighwayman wanna-be, http://iecc.com/johnl, Sewer Commissioner
"A book is a sneeze." - E.B. White, on the writing of Charlotte's Web


-- 
John R. Levine, IECC, POB 727, Trumansburg NY 14886 +1 607 330 5711
johnl@iecc.com, Village Trustee and Sewer Commissioner, http://iecc.com/johnl, 
Member, Provisional board, Coalition Against Unsolicited Commercial E-mail

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From: "Hector Santos" <winserver.support@winserver.com>
To: "Anti-Spam" <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: Fw: [Asrg] 6. Proposals - No Solications Proposals - Allowable Hours
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"John R. Levine" <johnl@iecc.com> wrote in message
news:20031205030036.11070.qmail@xuxa.iecc.com...

> > Has there been any discussions about "When" spammers can be allow to
> > send mail?
>
> No.  On the other hand, everyone I know who runs a mail server is just
> as eager not to get spam at two in the morning as they are at two in
> the afternoon.
>
> Merely because it's possible to implement something doesn't mean that
> it's useful or a good idea.

True,  and you don't need a registry to implement it.   It can a server
design.

I wouldn't had brought it up if I didn't think it does have "some merit."
If we are to assume that spam is here to stay in some form or another some
organizations might wish to advertise/inform to spammers to avoid certain
periods of the day.   But then again, this can be a server design.

Anyway, thanks.

Incidentally,  your message came with newsgroup header attributes.  This
confused my mail client to respond as it was a newsgroup article.

--- 
Hector Santos, CTO
WINSERVER "Wildcat! Interactive Net Server"
support: http://www.winserver.com
sales: http://www.santronics.com


----- Original Message ----- 
From: "John R. Levine" <johnl@iecc.com>
Newsgroups: iecc.lists.asrg
To: <asrg@ietf.org>
Sent: Thursday, December 04, 2003 10:00 PM
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 6. Proposals - No Solications Proposals - Allowable
Hours


> > Has there been any discussions about "When" spammers can be allow to
> > send mail?
>
> No.  On the other hand, everyone I know who runs a mail server is just
> as eager not to get spam at two in the morning as they are at two in
> the afternoon.
>
> Merely because it's possible to implement something doesn't mean that
> it's useful or a good idea.
>
> Regards,
> John Levine, johnl@iecc.com, Primary Perpetrator of "The Internet for
Dummies",
> Information Superhighwayman wanna-be, http://iecc.com/johnl, Sewer
Commissioner
> "A book is a sneeze." - E.B. White, on the writing of Charlotte's Web
>
>
> -- 
> John R. Levine, IECC, POB 727, Trumansburg NY 14886 +1 607 330 5711
> johnl@iecc.com, Village Trustee and Sewer Commissioner,
http://iecc.com/johnl,
> Member, Provisional board, Coalition Against Unsolicited Commercial E-mail
>
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg
>



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From: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>
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Subject: [Asrg] 6. Proposals - DNS-based - LMAP and related
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Another LMAP-like variant has been posted as an Internet Draft:

http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-stout-antispam-00.txt

Yakov
-------
Yakov Shafranovich / asrg <at> shaftek.org
SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc. / research <at> solidmatrix.com
"And this too shall come to pass"
-------


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To: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>
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        Marthin Stout <stout@vb.net>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 6. Proposals - DNS-based - LMAP and related
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Yakov Shafranovich wrote:
> Another LMAP-like variant has been posted as an Internet Draft:
> 
> http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-stout-antispam-00.txt

Here are my comments on this document, with the text they apply to quoted:

"implementation recommendation" - BCP or STD? Readers should be able to tell 
from the first line.

>    Sender: FQDN (Fully qualified domain name) that is stated
>      to be the sender of the e-mail message, as provided via the
>      'MAIL FROM' part of the (E-)SMTP dialogue (sender@domain.name).

This definition is not consistent. Is it the MAIL FROM domain part, or is it 
the mailbox and domain parts?

>     Mail servers exchange e-mail with each other by way of the
>    (E-)SMTP protocol [1]. For any message to be received, the Receiving
>    MTA will acquire the following details during connection setup and
>    the SMTP dialogue [2]:
> 
>    o   Sending MTA's IP address
>    o   Sending MTA's host name
>    o   Sender of the message (as provided via the 'MAIL FROM')

The last 2 members of this 3-tuple can be forged. It should read "Sending 
MTA's claimed host name" and "Claimed sender of the message".

>    After an extensive analysis the conclusions to determine if you are
>    spammed are:
> 
>    1. There can be no conclusion based on the existence of a
>       PTR-record for a Sending MTA's IP address.
> 
>    2. There can be no conclusion based on a (mis-)match between the
>       supplied Sending MTA's host name and the reverse-DNS name (PTR).
> 
>    3. There can be no conclusion based on the fact that the Sender's
>       e-mail address is valid.

For the first 2, there may not be a direct correlation (no PTR -> SPAM!), 
but there could be a statistical correlation (no PTR -> SPAM with a 40% 
certainty), which a statistical filter could take advantage of. As for the 
third, Hector Santos would beg to differ, as he has shown that some spammers 
are stupid enough to give MAIL FROMs that do fail return-path validation.

>     The solution is to require from all domain names to register ALL 
>     their mail servers (host names) within the DNS MX records.
> 
>     Send-only mail servers MUST also be registered in the MX records,
>     and they should be given the lowest possible MX priority (65535).

I don't think this is a new idea; I remember a similar proposal by DJB some 
time back, although I can't find it now.
Additionally, in the ASRG, we have concluded that this would be semantically 
incorrect, because sending MTAs that predate this standard will attempts to 
deliver mail to those MXs regardless of the possibility that the message 
will be rejected explicitly because that MTA rejects outside connections or 
assumed rejected by the sending MTA because the receiving MTA didn't accept 
it at some stage.

I'll not go further now

Philip Miller


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From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@ox.org>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 6. Proposals - DNS-based - LMAP and related 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Fri, 05 Dec 2003 07:02:44 EST."
             <3FD073E4.20904@zemos.net> 
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Date: Fri, 05 Dec 2003 10:29:29 -0500

Philip Miller <millenix@zemos.net> wrote:
> >     Send-only mail servers MUST also be registered in the MX records,
> >     and they should be given the lowest possible MX priority (65535).
> 
> I don't think this is a new idea; I remember a similar proposal by DJB some 
> time back, although I can't find it now.

  I believe it's been discussed multiple times on this list, and
generally rejected, for the reasons you cited.

  Alan DeKok.

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From: "Hallam-Baker, Phillip" <pbaker@verisign.com>
To: "'Alan DeKok'" <aland@ox.org>, asrg@ietf.org
Subject: RE: [Asrg] 6. Proposals - DNS-based - LMAP and related 
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Date: Fri, 5 Dec 2003 07:52:57 -0800

> Philip Miller <millenix@zemos.net> wrote:
> > >     Send-only mail servers MUST also be registered in the 
> MX records,
> > >     and they should be given the lowest possible MX 
> priority (65535).
> > 
> > I don't think this is a new idea; I remember a similar 
> proposal by DJB some 
> > time back, although I can't find it now.
> 
>   I believe it's been discussed multiple times on this list, and
> generally rejected, for the reasons you cited.

This was the basis of the original Paul Vixie proposal.

There are a number of problems, 

1) There may be too many mail servers for the resulting mx records to fit
into a 500 byte UDP packet.

2) It requires active management of the mx list to include outgoing mail
servers.

3) Mail programs may attempt to deliver to the outgoing servers.

4) It is bad practice to redefine the semantics and functionality of
deployed infrastructure.


		Phill

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From: "Hector Santos" <winserver.support@winserver.com>
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Subject: [Asrg] 0. General - Yahoo proposes new Internet anti-spam structure  
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FYI,

http://www.usatoday.com/tech/news/techinnovations/2003-12-05-yahoo-spam-switch_x.htm

--Hector



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Subject: Re: [Asrg] 6. Proposals - Legal - Subject labeling - FTC response
 - more discussion needed
References: <3FCBB5D1.30400@solidmatrix.com> <20031201223524.GA16979@thyrsus.com>
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I believe that rough consensus exists:
We believe that the labeling requirement in S.877 will not result in 
significant sender compliance.
The reasons being that S.877 provides weak enforcement mechanisms for 
its labeling requirement - and that California tried a similar 
requirement for years and it had no notable positive effect. 

Based on the postings I've seen here and in other forums, the bill is 
unpopular among people who fight spam, despite its good points.
http://www.junkbusters.com/spams.html lists the following as not liking 
the bill:
Jason Catlett, President, Junkbusters Corp.
Jeff Chester, Executive Director, Center for Digital Democracy
Tom Geller, Secretary, SpamCon Foundation
Beth Givens, Director, Privacy Rights Clearing House
Ken McEldowney, Executive Director, Consumer Action
Scott Hazen Mueller, Chairman, CAUCE.org (Coalition Against Unsolicited 
Commercial Email)
Chris Murray, Legislative Counsel, Consumers Union
Gary Ruskin, Executive Director, Commercial Alert

The only counterargument I've seen is that the US isn't California (a 
really weak argument, especially given that CA is perhaps 1/4 of the US 
tech economy).
The following S.877 excerpt  is equally true with respect to labeling 
with 'States' meaning states of the world, not states of the union:
//

            / (11) Many States have enacted legislation intended to
            regulate or reduce unsolicited commercial electronic mail,
            but these statutes impose different standards and
            requirements. As a result, they do not appear to have been
            successful in addressing the problems associated with
            unsolicited commercial electronic mail, in part because,
            since an electronic mail address does not specify a
            geographic location, it can be extremely difficult for
            law-abiding businesses to know with which of these disparate
            statutes they are required to comply./ 



(Further comments interspersed below.)

On 12/1/2003 2:35 PM, Eric S. Raymond sent forth electrons to convey:

>Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>:
>
>We MUST have a constructive response in *addition* to whatever 
>else we do, or lose future influence on the interpretation 
>and implementation of CAN-SPAM.
>  
>
Yes, we do need to respond with a labeling standard.
Would a response that ALSO states that we believe the labeling 
requirement that the response standardizes will not result in 
significant compliance, and how it can be fixed, be constructive?  I 
think so.
Or do you believe we need to make it seem that we think this is a great 
bill?  I think the FTC thinks that this is a good bill; other than 
prohibiting using false claims that an unsolicited e-mail was solicited, 
and supporting consumer action, it's what they asked 
for:http://www.ftc.gov/opa/2003/07/spamtest.htm.

>I have a draft RFC, to which I've seen the following responses:
>
You didn't mention that I'd also made some suggestions, which I referred 
to Mon, 01 Dec 2003 12:36:51 -0800.
Here they are, rephrased/refined:
While providing a standard to which the law may require compliance, we 
must not provide it the appearance of any legitimacy or IETF stamp of 
approval.

I PROPOSE that the letter referred to above (Posted at 
http://www.junkbusters.com/spams.html) be the basis for a section of the 
draft. It's language that a bunch of respected folks have already agreed 
upon.  It hits the key points that need to be addressed very well. 
Others, some less key:  the labeling requirement in S.877 will not 
result in significant sender compliance, long arm provisions to make it 
apply to assets/spammers/advertisers outside the US but within reach of 
US law.
Let's not get into the individual items in that letter, at least for a 
few days.  Rather, let's confirm (or deny) a rough consensus on two issues:
1)True or false: the labeling requirement in S.877 will not result in 
significant sender compliance.
2)True or false: the labeling standard should speak of the bill's 
deficiencies and/or the IETF's non-approval/endorsement.

I don't think these have been discussed, I don't think the ASRG has 
exhausted its mandate on this topic; if this draft is being discussed on 
the ietf-822 or main list 
(http://www1.ietf.org/mail-archive/ietf/Current/maillist.html) I haven't 
seen it; wherever it's on topic, I'd like to see these discussed.

>
>3. One misunderstanding about the scope of "commercial email" in CAN-SPAM
>   and my draft.  
>   [explained away as] CAN-SPAM's "CE" is your "UCE".
>  
>
Sorry. The definitions are more alike than I had believed. (S.877's 
definition is short and good enough, even if it isn't clear or wrong on 
some edge cases that, for example, http://mail-abuse.org/standard.html 
deals with.)
Still, it's not ideal that the draft uses a phrase that S.877 redefines 
to be something quite different from its plain language meaning.
The draft defines and uses "porn email" instead of using S.877's 
definition of /`sexually oriented material'/

>I'm volunteering to be the point guy on this.  The issue interests me, and my
>public fame might turn out to be a useful tool when it comes time to talk
>the FTC and Congress out of peeing in the proposal so they'll like the
>flavor better.  
>
>Let me reiterate that I do not view this effort as competitive with
>any of the other proposals on the table (LMAP, callback, pull, MTA
>labeling, whatever) but as complementary with them.
>
>Those of you with interest in this issue, please work with me to
>improve the draft.
>  
>
Hope so; agreed; trying.



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To: Tomi Panula-Ontto <tomi@panula-ont.to>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: 6. Proposals: MTA MARK
References: <00e001c3b5ac$ab5f55a0$6400a8c0@INTRA.KOODIA.FI> <3FC78099.8080409@elvey.com> <004c01c3b650$60c77870$0323a8c0@Jimiboy> <3FC92518.2020604@elvey.com> <008e01c3b81b$53cbaa70$6400a8c0@INTRA.KOODIA.FI>
In-Reply-To: <008e01c3b81b$53cbaa70$6400a8c0@INTRA.KOODIA.FI>
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On 12/1/2003 6:56 AM, Tomi Panula-Ontto sent forth electrons to convey:

>On 11/30/2003 1:00 AM, Matthew Elvey said:
>
>----- Original Message ----- 
>From: "Matthew Elvey" <matthew@elvey.com>
>To: "Tomi Panula-Ontto" <tomi@panula-ont.to>
>Sent: Sunday, November 30, 2003 1:00 AM
>Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: 6. Proposals: LMTP vs. rDNS / Reverse MX [RMX]
>proposals
>
>
>  
>
>>Reply below.  Please reply to the list, quoting me.
>>On 11/29/2003 12:11 AM, Tomi Panula-Ontto sent forth electrons to convey:
>>
>>    
>>
>>>[cut]
>>>
>>>
>>>      
>>>
>>>>>Also, I don't like parsing TXT records (Parsing == bugs == troubles).
>>>>>Bind and Tinydns seem to differ in TXT records, too. Some Bind versions
>>>>>send extra character (space or ") (parser bug?) whereas Tinydns
>>>>>          
>>>>>
>doesn't.
>  
>
>>>>>Conclusion: I'm against TXT records.
>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>          
>>>>>
>>>>A bug in the TXT part of software that has known security holes and MUST
>>>>be replaced anyway isn't a deal breaker, IMO; I'm assuming these bugs
>>>>are only in old versions.
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>        
>>>>
>>>It's easy to say "must", but lot harder to get all the servers upgraded.
>>>It isn't deal breaker; MTAMark has very good qualities (and I think I had
>>>a little misunderstanding on my side here about it).
>>>
>>>
>>>      
>>>
>>So you are no longer against TXT records, yes?
>>
>>    
>>
>
>I'm still against both TXT record and parsing.
>I don't like the idea of receiving multiple ASRG.<PARAMETER>=<VALUE>
>that I'm supposed to parse and make the decision.
>I want to keep things simple.
>
>The original reverse mx proposition suggested that we should have
>a list of IP addresses [=authorized/trusted MTAs] for a given network.
>Scenario: "IP is listed => Allow"
>Scenario: "IP not listed => Deny"
>Scenario: "IP not listed (no list) = Work as before (Allow)" (Deny if timed
>policy change?)
>
>MTAMark was in this sence a bit better; instead of getting the LIST of IP
>addresses (and using multiple dns queries) there would be one simple answer;
>ASRG.MTA=YES or ASRG.MTA=NO - so there is no need to determine
>whether the network admin has done the job.
>
>Reverse MX proposition has been updated after this.
>
>4.3.2.1.in-addr.arpa IN PTR mail.company.dom.
>4.3.2.1.in-addr.arpa IN MX 10 127.0.0.2
>
>127.0.0.2=Allow, 127.0.0.3=Deny
>
>(I'd say priority field should be reserved and should be 10, any comments?)
>
>If one wishes, it's still legitimate to inform reason (or whatever)
>in TXT record
>
>4.3.2.1.in-addr.arpa IN PTR dialup-127.company.dom.
>4.3.2.1.in-addr.arpa IN MX 10 127.0.0.3
>4.3.2.1.in-addr.arpa IN TXT "DIALUP"
>
>There is a record type for this purpose, so why not use it?
>Why invent a system on top of a system?
>  
>
Well, for one thing, I fear people like me (one static DSL IP on SBC) or 
using dyndns on a dynamic IP are unlikely to be able to convince their 
ISPs to put such entries in DNS.

>  
>
>>I suppose it might make RBLs need fewer entries.  But should my ISP, a
>>common carrier, have any business deciding whether or not I should be
>>able to run a non-abusive mail server?  I'd rather they not, when the
>>benefit is a very slight impact on spam that can be achieved without
>>such restrictions.  I prefer to have RBL runners in control to ISPs in
>>control, but I guess that's a political question.  I'd most like to have
>>LMTP in control.
>>    
>>
>
>Fewer entries? A LOT fewer entries. No more spamming from dialups,
>or from unauthorized IPs, etc.
>
>Are you saying that if this MTA registering would be mandatory
>to the network owners and receiving MTAs would start using it
>it would not cause any or irrelevant amount of reduction in spam?
>  
>
Not that I recall.  These protocols only become 'mandatory' if they 
catch on and become broadly used. The IETF has no power to force people 
to follow their rules.
MTAmark has less of a chance to catch on than LMTP, because it provides 
a smaller incentive to adoption, as I've explained in a previous post.  
If your domain is being forged, you're highly likely to adopt LMTP.  If 
a ISP's IPs are being used to spam, they may well not adopt MTAmark.  
I'm not against MTAmark; I think LMTP should be a higher priority.

>It's LOT easier to spot bad behaving IP addresses from a set of
>500 000 registered MTAs than from a set of approx. 4^32 (not to mention
>IPv6).
>It gives us a more control; the network abuse team can block it and if they
>don't or do it late, we can still RBL the spammer out.
>
>Your network provider (aka. reverse zone administrator) should ask
>you "Hey, in order to fight solicited email, we have to register all MTAs.
>What's your MTA IP address?" You give them your IP(s), they add
>it to the dns and everybody should be happy.
>  
>
Should, should....  The ones that will are the ones that terminate their 
spamming customers.  I don't see MTAmark providing any incentive for 
ISPs to be more responsible than they are now. 

>This is a little change, little check, which is easy to maintain and
>easy to develop support for it. If there are no major problems with
>it, then why not?
>  
>
I think Eric Raymond explained why a try everything and see what sticks 
plan isn't ideal.  It dilutes resources.

PHB: You contribute valuably, but please stop repeatedly whining OT 
about DNSSEC WG's 'bad' practices when your company's ongoing 
wrongdoings (which folks don't whine about here) are so egregious, and 
your proposals often promote Verisign's (patented, proprietary, contrary 
to IETF policy) technology.  Not to mention that certs don't cost $350 
as you claimed, if bought from Verisign competitors who charge much less.


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As part of an overall service to both IETF and IRTF, folks from Jabber 
have setup chatrooms for the IETF and IRTF groups including the ASRG. 
Instructions can be found at:

http://www.xmpp.org/ietf-chat.html

The ASRG chatroom is called 'asrg' and is located on Jabber server 
'irtf.xmpp.org'. You need an XMPP/Jabber compatible client to access the 
chatroom.

All conversations in the chatroom are logged automatically, and the logs 
can be found at:

http://www.xmpp.org/irtf-logs/

This primary use of this chatroom will for formal and informal ASRG 
meetings.

Yakov
-------
Yakov Shafranovich / asrg <at> shaftek.org
SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc. / research <at> solidmatrix.com
"Some lies are easier to believe than the truth" (Dune)
-------


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Subject: [Asrg] 6. Proposals - DNS + PKI - Yahoo's "Domain Keys"
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[Subject was "Re: [Asrg] 0. General - Yahoo proposes new Internet 
anti-spam structure", changed as per posting guidelines. Mod.]

Hector Santos wrote:
 > FYI,
 >
 > 
http://www.usatoday.com/tech/news/techinnovations/2003-12-05-yahoo-spam-switch_x.htm
 >
 > --Hector
 >

Thanks Hector for the link, this story has already been mentioned in a 
few other places as well.

The basic thrust of this proposal is that the sending domain will have a 
public key stored in DNS, and sign every email from that domain with the 
private key. The receiver can check validity by getting the public key 
from DNS, and verifying the digital signature. Same purpose as LMAP, but 
via PKI.

Yakov


-------
Yakov Shafranovich / asrg <at> shaftek.org
SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc. / research <at> solidmatrix.com
"Power tends to corrupt, and absolute power corrupts absolutely" (Lord 
Acton)
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] 6. Proposals - DNS + PKI - Yahoo's "Domain Keys"
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Here's a quick, off-the-cuff comparison of these two approaches:

LMAP Purpose: prevent domain name forgery of HELO/FROM
Domain Keys Purpose: prevent domain name forgery within message headers

LMAP Costs: single DNS lookup and maybe a comparison
Domain Keys Cost: DNS Lookup, cryptographic function, possibly once per 
transitted MTA

LMAP advantages: simple to implement - replace rDNS/A lookups by current MTAs
LMAP disadvantages: continuing question of forwarding in various scenarios

DK advantages: prevents forgery in forwarded situations, such as if a 
mailing list owner inserts a forged message on the list.
DK disadvantages: high burden of software implementation, requires receipt 
of DATA before an authoritative check can be done

I think that if the design of these two approaches is coordinated, they can 
be quite complimentary. Unfortunately, I haven't seen any Yahoo 
representatives on this list yet, so I'm a little bit worried.

Philip Miller


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From: Bill Cole <asrg@billmail.scconsult.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 6. Proposals - DNS + PKI - Yahoo's "Domain Keys"
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Date: Sat, 6 Dec 2003 23:54:35 -0500

At 11:45 PM -0500 12/6/03, Philip Miller wrote:
>Here's a quick, off-the-cuff comparison of these two approaches:
>
>LMAP Purpose: prevent domain name forgery of HELO/FROM
>Domain Keys Purpose: prevent domain name forgery within message headers


Do we really know anything technical about DK? All I've seen is that 
Yahoo press release, and it is pretty fuzzy. I wouldn't want to make 
much in the way of technical conclusions cased on that.

-- 
Bill Cole                                  
bill@scconsult.com


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Subject: Re: [Asrg] 6. Proposals - DNS + PKI - Yahoo's "Domain Keys"
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Bill Cole wrote:
> At 11:45 PM -0500 12/6/03, Philip Miller wrote:
> 
>> Here's a quick, off-the-cuff comparison of these two approaches:
>>
>> LMAP Purpose: prevent domain name forgery of HELO/FROM
>> Domain Keys Purpose: prevent domain name forgery within message headers
> 
> Do we really know anything technical about DK? All I've seen is that 
> Yahoo press release, and it is pretty fuzzy. I wouldn't want to make 
> much in the way of technical conclusions cased on that.

I based that assessment on the text

> Under Yahoo's new architecture, a system sending an e-mail message would
> embed a secure, private key in a message header. The receiving system
> would check the Internet's Domain Name System for the public key
> registered to the sending domain.
> 
> If the public key is able to decrypt the private key embedded in the
> message, then the e-mail is considered authentic and can be delivered. If
> not, then the message is assumed not to be an authentic one from the
> sender and is blocked.

Yes, it gets the mechnics of public-key crypto wrong, but the idea is pretty 
clear.

Philip Miller


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From: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>
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Organization: SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc.
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As part of our reorganization process, the BCP subgroup is being
shutdown. We will continue to pursue the BCP area, and will be
discussing on the main list the scope of these efforts. If you have any
comments, please direct them to the main list or to the chairs off-list.

The BCP mailing list will be permanently shutdown within a week, and the
list archive will be put up on the main ASRG site.

Sincerely,
Yakov Shafranovich
Co-Chair, ASRG

-------
Yakov Shafranovich / asrg <at> shaftek.org
SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc. / research <at> solidmatrix.com
"And this too shall come to pass"
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From: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>
To: ASRG <asrg@ietf.org>
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Organization: SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc.
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Subject: [Asrg] 7. BCP - Areas of research
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As part of our BCP efforts, we want to determine which areas we should 
pursue, and how to proceed in them. Below is a copy of a message from 
the old BCP list outlining some of the areas we can be looking into. We 
are seeking comments from list members about this, and will consider 
creating subgroups to pursue specific efforts.

Sincerely,
Yakov Shafranovich
Co-Chair, ASRG

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
> Date: Sun, 30 Nov 2003 16:47:36 -0500
> From: Philip Miller
> To: ASRG-BCP Mailing List
> 
> In light of the recent discussions on the list involving how a recipient MTA
> should respond to the current practices of senders, I thought we should try
> to assemble a list of everyone whose practices we might make recommendations
> for.
> 
> Here's my first cut at such a list:
> 1. Message originators - human users, automated software
> {developers,administrators} (order confimation/receipt systems)
> 2. Message originating system {administrators,developers} - the MTA which
> the originators connect to. Normally, this is a corporate or ISP MTA. In
> this role, an MTA is moving a message from submission to transport.
> 3. Relaying MTA {administrators,developers}
> 4. Recipient MTA {administrators,developers}
> 5. Final recipients - human users, automated software {admins,devs}
> 6. MUA Authors
> 7. Support personnel (corporate IT/help desk, ISP installers, etc.)
> 8. Message examination software {devs,admins} - Spam filters, virus scanners
> 9. Mailing list software - developers, admins, subscribers, users
> 
> I expect that I've missed a few here.
> 
> Once we have a relatively comprehensive list, we should assemble all of the
> 'common sense' best practices that have been somewhat implicit in
> discussions on this list, but may not be eminently apparent to any random
> person. We can collect them for draft publication, but we should probably
> evaluate them first in light of their effect.
> One practice that is assumed but rarely explicitly stated is strictly
> following the relevant standards and pushing users to do the same. For
> example, the Postfix documentation recommends using a domain name in the
> $myorigin configuration setting (used as its outgoing HELO/EHLO argument),
> but it doesn't make it clear that there are relevant standards that have
> place requirements on the contents of this field. It's quite possible to
> place random garbage here instead of an FQDN, and I don't think Postfix even
> prints a warning if one does.
> 
> Philip Miller

-------
Yakov Shafranovich / asrg <at> shaftek.org
SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc. / research <at> solidmatrix.com
"Some lies are easier to believe than the truth" (Dune)
-------


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In-Reply-To:  <3FD23AAB.1060709@elvey.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 6. Proposals - Legal - Subject labeling - FTC response - more discussion needed
To: "ASRG" <asrg@ietf.org>
From: "Jon Kyme" <jrk@merseymail.com>
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Date: Sun, 07 Dec 2003 10:15:10 +0000

> let's confirm (or deny) a rough consensus on two
> issues:
> 1)True or false: the labeling requirement in S.877 will not result in 
> significant sender compliance.

Not being a purely technical issue, there are considerations (attitudes of
regulators, law enforcement, courts, jurisdictions inhabited by spammers /
spammer operations relocatability, etc) which make this question difficult
to answer (except by considering those things).
So as a start: What proportion of spam can be reliably attributed to
operators based in the US (or any other particular state). How committed
are the (for instance) US regulators / law enforcement to prosecuting?
How easy is it for a spammer to relocate? 

> 2)True or false: the labeling standard should speak of the bill's 
> deficiencies and/or the IETF's non-approval/endorsement.
> 

False. I'm not sure that it's wise to produce a technical document which
discusses the rights/wrongs of a particular bill (of a particular
jurisdiction). I'd be happier seeing a technical document referring to this
bill only as an *example* of the kind of legislation that a labelling
mechanism might support and discusses the strengths/weaknesses of the
mechanism proposed.

> I don't think these have been discussed, I don't think the ASRG has 
> exhausted its mandate on this topic; 

I agree.





--

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From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@ox.org>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 6. Proposals - DNS + PKI - Yahoo's "Domain Keys" 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Sat, 06 Dec 2003 23:45:06 EST."
             <3FD2B052.9090307@zemos.net> 
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Date: Sun, 07 Dec 2003 10:26:29 -0500

Philip Miller <millenix@zemos.net> wrote:
> DK advantages: prevents forgery in forwarded situations, such as if a 
> mailing list owner inserts a forged message on the list.
> DK disadvantages: high burden of software implementation, requires receipt 
> of DATA before an authoritative check can be done

  It has other issues.

  If the outgoing MTA signs the packets, then all users for that
domain are required to send mail through machines administered in the
same domain.  i.e. no roaming users being "lazy", and just sending
mail directly to the recipient.

  All of the objections to LMAP about this problem then apply to DK.
Even worse, LMAP allows the domain owner to permit roaming users to
continue their existing behaviour.  Having the domain owner force
users to send mail through the domain's MTA is an *option* in LMAP.
So LMAP gives the users and domain owners more options than DK.


  If DK means that each sender signs the message, then you have two
choices.  One is to have a domain-wide private key, in which case it
must change regularly, as spammers will quickly obtain it.  The second
is to have per-user private keys, in which case DNS lookups have to be
done to get the key for each user, which is problematic.  (Why not
just then have every domain put user authentication information in
DNS, and have every recipient MTA do SMTP AUTH?  It's entirely
equivalent, and doesn't require much in the way of user-agent
changes.)

  I don't think the second option is useful.

  The first option means that not only do we have to update each user
agent to sign the keys (updating millions of clients is a difficult
problem, even for AOL), but we also have to distribute new keys every
so often.  This will be a signficant ongoing maintenance cost.  The
key distribution will be problematic (what if you've been off-line for
a week?)...

  In contrast, LMAP has a small additional cost when a new MTA for a
domain is configured, or when MTA's change IP address.  It has no
continual maintenace required, like DK does.  I'd be *very* surprised
if DK had a lower ongoing maintenance cost than LMAP.

  Further, if the user agents sign the messages, then we can be pretty
much guaranteed that spammers will have, and abuse, the keys in
seconds.  Spammers already maintain distributed databases of open
proxies.  Distributing new keys for a domain is no more expensive.

  So the system has signficant cost to deploy, and will do *nothing*
to prevent spammers from sending messages, even forged messages from
"owned" machines, or open proxies/relays, like they do today.

  While LMAP also permits spammers to continue to send spam "from" a
domain, they can do so only under two conditions.  One is with the
agreement of the domain owner (who lets roaming users forge, too.).
The second is if they "own" machines in a domain, and abuse those to
send spam.

  The first scenario doesn't interest me.  The second is more useful.
It means that spammers can continue forging ONLY if they engage in
behaviour which is criminal in many jurisdictions.  So LMAP leverages
additional anti-spam resources, making it more effective than it would
have been on it's own.

  Alan DeKok.

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Subject: Re: [Asrg] 6. Proposals - DNS + PKI - Yahoo's "Domain Keys"
References: <3FD281E8.5020305@solidmatrix.com>
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Add'l problems already evident:
1)Not an open standard (not a standard at all.)
2)Not even a press release about it at 
http://promo.yahoo.com/pressroom/releases.html - I searched for a while; 
the ONLY source for any info seems to be a Reuters article !!!  I see no 
evidence that the software that the article mentions even exists.  Yahoo 
isn't claimed to be offering it free to proprietary developers.
3)Makes deniability more difficult than LMAP (mostly a good thing).
4)Requires all authorized SMTP servers have new software, be configured 
to use it and the domain's secret key, AND be secure.  I could implement 
an LMAP scheme today; I couldn't implement anything based on Yahoo's 
idea, even if it was fully specified because I don't have admin rights 
to any of the various SMTP servers used to send email for my domain.
5)Yahoo lacks credibility in the antispam community because of its bad 
reputation.

Here's someone's blog entry reviewing the proposal:
http://www.megacity.org/blog/archives/001288.php


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Subject: Re: [Asrg] 7. BCP - Areas of research
References: <3FD2CA2A.2040306@solidmatrix.com>
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On 12/6/2003 10:35 PM, Yakov Shafranovich sent forth electrons to convey:

> As part of our BCP efforts, we want to determine which areas we should 
> pursue, and how to proceed in them. Below is a copy of a message from 
> the old BCP list outlining some of the areas we can be looking into. 
> We are seeking comments from list members about this, and will 
> consider creating subgroups to pursue specific efforts.
>
>> Date: Sun, 30 Nov 2003 16:47:36 -0500
>> From: Philip Miller
>>
>> ...Here's my first cut at such a list:... 
>
http://www.bestprac.org/principles.htm has a pretty extensive list, and 
someone's opinion of what the BCPs are, laid out in extensive detail.  
I'd like to see prepay forfeit, deposits and/or cleanup fees be BCP.


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From: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 7. BCP - Areas of research
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Matthew Elvey wrote:
> On 12/6/2003 10:35 PM, Yakov Shafranovich sent forth electrons to convey:
> 
>> As part of our BCP efforts, we want to determine which areas we should 
>> pursue, and how to proceed in them. Below is a copy of a message from 
>> the old BCP list outlining some of the areas we can be looking into. 
>> We are seeking comments from list members about this, and will 
>> consider creating subgroups to pursue specific efforts.
>>
>>> Date: Sun, 30 Nov 2003 16:47:36 -0500
>>> From: Philip Miller
>>>
>>> ...Here's my first cut at such a list:... 
>>
>>
> http://www.bestprac.org/principles.htm has a pretty extensive list, and 
> someone's opinion of what the BCPs are, laid out in extensive detail.  
> I'd like to see prepay forfeit, deposits and/or cleanup fees be BCP.
> 

I took a quick look at that site, the information seems to be very 
concise. We were thinking of something more along the lines of RFCs 
2505, 2635 and 3098, outlining the information and the reasons behind 
it, as well as adressing some of the conflicts with existing RFCs such 
as permissibility of filtering during SMTP, etc. We can definatly use 
that information and it will probably need to be expanded further.

Yakov
-------
Yakov Shafranovich / asrg <at> shaftek.org
SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc. / research <at> solidmatrix.com
"I ate your Web page. / Forgive me. It was juicy / And tart on my 
tongue." (MIT's 404 Message)
-------


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From: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 6. Proposals - DNS + PKI - Yahoo's "Domain Keys"
In-reply-to: <3FD2B052.9090307@zemos.net>
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Philip Miller wrote:
[..]
> 
> DK advantages: prevents forgery in forwarded situations, such as if a 
> mailing list owner inserts a forged message on the list.
> DK disadvantages: high burden of software implementation, requires 
> receipt of DATA before an authoritative check can be done
> 

The DATA problem can be solved with an ESMTP extension or some creative 
use of MAIL FROM AUTH extension.

BUT, I want you all to consider one more possibility - digital 
signatures implies digital keys, digital keys imply digital 
certificates. Another advantage of this approach is that the public key 
of the sending system can be signed by someone else. While DNS limits 
packet size (512 bytes for UDP), it is not unfeasible to have an 
external system with a database of digital keys signed by that 
authority. Sounds like a "Trusted Sender" approach that was proposed by 
Project Lumos.

Having the ability of someone else vouch for a domain, is another 
advantage of this approach (DK) over LMAP, although the possibility of 
spammers getting on the "approved" listed fraudently and centralized 
power problems, are issues.

Yakov

-------
Yakov Shafranovich / asrg <at> shaftek.org
SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc. / research <at> solidmatrix.com
"I ate your Web page. / Forgive me. It was juicy / And tart on my 
tongue." (MIT's 404 Message)
-------


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To: "Alan DeKok" <aland@ox.org>
From: Mark Baugher <mbaugher@cisco.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 6. Proposals - DNS + PKI - Yahoo's "Domain Keys" 
Cc: asrg@ietf.org
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Date: Sun, 07 Dec 2003 15:04:16 -0800

Alan,

At 07:26 AM 12/7/2003, Alan DeKok wrote:
<...>


>   If DK means that each sender signs the message, then you have two
>choices.  One is to have a domain-wide private key, in which case it
>must change regularly, as spammers will quickly obtain it.

I don't know why you would assume this.

>The second
>is to have per-user private keys, in which case DNS lookups have to be
>done to get the key for each user, which is problematic.

A big problem with per-user private keys is that these
private keys are vulnerable when user machines are infected with
viruses.  I don't expect the mail operator's machines to be so
vulnerable.  Also, past experience has shown that most users hate
to use cryptographic technologies for email or anything else when
they have a choice.

>(Why not
>just then have every domain put user authentication information in
>DNS, and have every recipient MTA do SMTP AUTH?  It's entirely
>equivalent, and doesn't require much in the way of user-agent
>changes.)

This sounds like a very good approach from MTA(s)->MTA(r), but
what about the case of MTA(s)->MTA(i)->MTA(r), which is a rare
case that nonetheless needs to be supported?

Mark


>   I don't think the second option is useful.
>
>   The first option means that not only do we have to update each user
>agent to sign the keys (updating millions of clients is a difficult
>problem, even for AOL), but we also have to distribute new keys every
>so often.  This will be a signficant ongoing maintenance cost.  The
>key distribution will be problematic (what if you've been off-line for
>a week?)...
>
>   In contrast, LMAP has a small additional cost when a new MTA for a
>domain is configured, or when MTA's change IP address.  It has no
>continual maintenace required, like DK does.  I'd be *very* surprised
>if DK had a lower ongoing maintenance cost than LMAP.
>
>   Further, if the user agents sign the messages, then we can be pretty
>much guaranteed that spammers will have, and abuse, the keys in
>seconds.  Spammers already maintain distributed databases of open
>proxies.  Distributing new keys for a domain is no more expensive.
>
>   So the system has signficant cost to deploy, and will do *nothing*
>to prevent spammers from sending messages, even forged messages from
>"owned" machines, or open proxies/relays, like they do today.
>
>   While LMAP also permits spammers to continue to send spam "from" a
>domain, they can do so only under two conditions.  One is with the
>agreement of the domain owner (who lets roaming users forge, too.).
>The second is if they "own" machines in a domain, and abuse those to
>send spam.
>
>   The first scenario doesn't interest me.  The second is more useful.
>It means that spammers can continue forging ONLY if they engage in
>behaviour which is criminal in many jurisdictions.  So LMAP leverages
>additional anti-spam resources, making it more effective than it would
>have been on it's own.
>
>   Alan DeKok.
>
>_______________________________________________
>Asrg mailing list
>Asrg@ietf.org
>https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg



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From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@ox.org>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 6. Proposals - DNS + PKI - Yahoo's "Domain Keys" 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Sun, 07 Dec 2003 15:04:16 PST."
             <6.0.0.22.2.20031207145757.03cc7c40@mira-sjc5-6.cisco.com> 
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Date: Mon, 08 Dec 2003 10:35:06 -0500

Mark Baugher <mbaugher@cisco.com> wrote:
> >   If DK means that each sender signs the message, then you have two
> >choices.  One is to have a domain-wide private key, in which case it
> >must change regularly, as spammers will quickly obtain it.
> 
> I don't know why you would assume this.

  If every user has access to the private key to sign outgoing
messages, then spammers have access to it, too.  After all, spammers
can sign up for accounts at ISP's...

> A big problem with per-user private keys is that these
> private keys are vulnerable when user machines are infected with
> viruses.

  That's really outside of the scope of the solution.

  However, having *signed* viruses means you're pretty sure whose
machine is infected.

>   I don't expect the mail operator's machines to be so vulnerable.
> Also, past experience has shown that most users hate to use
> cryptographic technologies for email or anything else when they have
> a choice.

  I thought the whole point of the solution was that users wouldn't
even know their messages were being signed.

> >(Why not
> >just then have every domain put user authentication information in
> >DNS, and have every recipient MTA do SMTP AUTH?  It's entirely
> >equivalent, and doesn't require much in the way of user-agent
> >changes.)
> 
> This sounds like a very good approach from MTA(s)->MTA(r), but
> what about the case of MTA(s)->MTA(i)->MTA(r), which is a rare
> case that nonetheless needs to be supported?

  See the LMAP discussion document for ways to do this.

  Alan DeKok.

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References: <Your message of "Sat, 06 Dec 2003 23:45:06 EST." <3FD2B052.9090307@zemos.net> <20031207152629.6F43A16CD1@mail.nitros9.org> <6.0.0.22.2.20031207145757.03cc7c40@mira-sjc5-6.cisco.com>
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] 6. Proposals - DNS + PKI - Yahoo's "Domain Keys" 
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On Dec 7, 2003, at 6:04 PM, Mark Baugher wrote:
>>   If DK means that each sender signs the message, then you have two
>> choices.  One is to have a domain-wide private key, in which case it
>> must change regularly, as spammers will quickly obtain it.
>
> I don't know why you would assume this.

If I am $BIGCORP with $BIGNUM of employees, there's going to be 
less-than-honorable employees, there's going to be disgruntled 
ex-employees. If the sender signs their own message then your company's 
keys WILL get out into the wild.


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Date: Mon, 08 Dec 2003 08:41:36 -0800

At 07:49 AM 12/8/2003, Derek J. Balling wrote:

>On Dec 7, 2003, at 6:04 PM, Mark Baugher wrote:
>>>   If DK means that each sender signs the message, then you have two
>>>choices.  One is to have a domain-wide private key, in which case it
>>>must change regularly, as spammers will quickly obtain it.
>>
>>I don't know why you would assume this.
>
>If I am $BIGCORP with $BIGNUM of employees, there's going to be 
>less-than-honorable employees, there's going to be disgruntled 
>ex-employees. If the sender signs their own message then your company's 
>keys WILL get out into the wild.

I assumed that the MTA would have the private key and sign; not that the 
mail operator would hand our a *copy* of a public/private keypair to each 
sender.  I have never heard of such a thing. Sorry that I missed that 
aspect of the yahoo proposal, where did they say that?

Mark





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Cc: "Alan DeKok" <aland@ox.org>, asrg@ietf.org
From: "Derek J. Balling" <dredd@megacity.org>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 6. Proposals - DNS + PKI - Yahoo's "Domain Keys" 
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On Dec 8, 2003, at 11:41 AM, Mark Baugher wrote:

> At 07:49 AM 12/8/2003, Derek J. Balling wrote:
>
>> On Dec 7, 2003, at 6:04 PM, Mark Baugher wrote:
>>>>   If DK means that each sender signs the message, then you have two
>>>> choices.  One is to have a domain-wide private key, in which case it
>>>> must change regularly, as spammers will quickly obtain it.
>>>
>>> I don't know why you would assume this.
>>
>> If I am $BIGCORP with $BIGNUM of employees, there's going to be 
>> less-than-honorable employees, there's going to be disgruntled 
>> ex-employees. If the sender signs their own message then your 
>> company's keys WILL get out into the wild.
>
> I assumed that the MTA would have the private key and sign; not that 
> the mail operator would hand our a *copy* of a public/private keypair 
> to each sender.  I have never heard of such a thing. Sorry that I 
> missed that aspect of the yahoo proposal, where did they say that?

There are two basic scenarios, both with flaws:

1.) The MTA signs the message:  This is problematic in the "traveling 
salesperson" type scenario, because often then cannot use their company 
mail server due to ISP filtering, etc.

2.) The MUA signs the message:  This yields one of two subproblems:
	2.a.) The MUA signs using a "per-user" key :  You now have to maintain 
in DNS several thousand keys for your large organizations
	2.b.) The MUA signs using a "domain-wide" key :  Every time you fire 
an employee you have to change the key or risk its misuse


Which of the three scenarios Yahoo intends to write into the spec is 
unknown, but all three are flawed. :-)

Cheers,
D


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Subject: Re: [Asrg] 6. Proposals - DNS + PKI - Yahoo's "Domain Keys" 
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> There are two basic scenarios, both with flaws:
>
> 1.) The MTA signs the message:  This is problematic in the "traveling 
> salesperson" type scenario, because often then cannot use their 
> company mail server due to ISP filtering, etc.
>
> 2.) The MUA signs the message:  This yields one of two subproblems:
> 	2.a.) The MUA signs using a "per-user" key :  You now have to 
> maintain in DNS several thousand keys for your large organizations
> 	2.b.) The MUA signs using a "domain-wide" key :  Every time you fire 
> an employee you have to change the key or risk its misuse

or:

3) The signing is done by the MUA, but the key and crypto are all done 
by a separate entity, which I have called an MAA in the past.  The MUA 
authenticates to the MAA and sends a digest of the message, then gets a 
signature back to attach to the message.  The MAA may be physically 
colocated on the MTA, but is logically separate, uses a different 
protocol, and should avoid filtering by most ISPs.

This last scenario is what I suggested some time ago, and may yet be 
used as a component of the consent framework.

--------------------------------------------------------------
from:     Jonathan "Chromatix" Morton
mail:     chromi@chromatix.demon.co.uk
website:  http://www.chromatix.uklinux.net/
tagline:  The key to knowledge is not to rely on people to teach you it.


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To: Jonathan Morton <chromi@chromatix.demon.co.uk>
From: Mark Baugher <mbaugher@cisco.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 6. Proposals - DNS + PKI - Yahoo's "Domain Keys" 
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Date: Mon, 08 Dec 2003 09:35:19 -0800

It's not clear to me what Yahoo is proposing since the descriptions I have 
read don't make much sense.  But the first question I have with any 
signature proposal is "what does the signature attest to?"  The signature 
might attest to the fact that the sender is legitimately sending from a 
particular address.  Or the signature might make no assertion about the 
address but only that the message originates from a particular key 
holder.  Or the signature might attest to the fact that the message 
originates from a particular mail operator who has a certain antispam policy.

Mark

At 09:07 AM 12/8/2003, Jonathan Morton wrote:
>>There are two basic scenarios, both with flaws:
>>
>>1.) The MTA signs the message:  This is problematic in the "traveling 
>>salesperson" type scenario, because often then cannot use their company 
>>mail server due to ISP filtering, etc.
>>
>>2.) The MUA signs the message:  This yields one of two subproblems:
>>         2.a.) The MUA signs using a "per-user" key :  You now have to 
>> maintain in DNS several thousand keys for your large organizations
>>         2.b.) The MUA signs using a "domain-wide" key :  Every time you 
>> fire an employee you have to change the key or risk its misuse
>
>or:
>
>3) The signing is done by the MUA, but the key and crypto are all done by 
>a separate entity, which I have called an MAA in the past.  The MUA 
>authenticates to the MAA and sends a digest of the message, then gets a 
>signature back to attach to the message.  The MAA may be physically 
>colocated on the MTA, but is logically separate, uses a different 
>protocol, and should avoid filtering by most ISPs.
>
>This last scenario is what I suggested some time ago, and may yet be used 
>as a component of the consent framework.
>
>--------------------------------------------------------------
>from:     Jonathan "Chromatix" Morton
>mail:     chromi@chromatix.demon.co.uk
>website:  http://www.chromatix.uklinux.net/
>tagline:  The key to knowledge is not to rely on people to teach you it.
>
>
>_______________________________________________
>Asrg mailing list
>Asrg@ietf.org
>https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg



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From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@ox.org>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 6. Proposals - DNS + PKI - Yahoo's "Domain Keys" 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Mon, 08 Dec 2003 09:35:19 PST."
             <6.0.0.22.2.20031208093007.03bbc948@mira-sjc5-6.cisco.com> 
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Date: Mon, 08 Dec 2003 13:33:44 -0500

Mark Baugher <mbaugher@cisco.com> wrote:
> It's not clear to me what Yahoo is proposing since the descriptions I have 
> read don't make much sense.  But the first question I have with any 
> signature proposal is "what does the signature attest to?"

  The signature is most likely done on a hash of the message body
and/or some headers from the envelope.

  What it *means* is another question entirely.

  Alan DeKok.

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From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@ox.org>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 6. Proposals - DNS + PKI - Yahoo's "Domain Keys" 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Sun, 07 Dec 2003 16:57:15 EST."
             <3FD3A23B.2090707@solidmatrix.com> 
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Date: Mon, 08 Dec 2003 13:42:13 -0500

Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com> wrote:
> Having the ability of someone else vouch for a domain, is another 
> advantage of this approach (DK) over LMAP,

  Current blacklists can be viewed as a way of third parties vouching
for a domain.  The MTAMark proposal is similar.

  Though the various documents don't say so, there's nothing to stop
an MTA from looking up LMAP information in a third-party database,
too.  e.g.  "domain.com._lmap_.example.com", or
"4.3.2.1.domain.com._lmap_.example.com"

  Hmm... I'll add that to the discussion document as a possible method
of blacklisting domains which are known to host spammers.  Leveraging
the LMAP infrastructure for a domain-based blacklist just makes
sense...

  Alan DeKok.

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To: Mark Baugher <mbaugher@cisco.com>
Cc: Alan DeKok <aland@ox.org>, asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 6. Proposals - DNS + PKI - Yahoo's "Domain Keys"
Message-ID: <20031208185018.GA19701@mail>
References: <3FD2B052.9090307@zemos.net> <20031207152629.6F43A16CD1@mail.nitros9.org> <6.0.0.22.2.20031207145757.03cc7c40@mira-sjc5-6.cisco.com>
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Date: Mon, 8 Dec 2003 13:50:18 -0500

On Sun, Dec 07, 2003 at 03:04:16PM -0800, Mark Baugher wrote:
> At 07:26 AM 12/7/2003, Alan DeKok wrote:
> <...>
> >  If DK means that each sender signs the message, then you have two
> >choices.  One is to have a domain-wide private key, in which case it
> >must change regularly, as spammers will quickly obtain it.
> 
> I don't know why you would assume this.

Probably because the mechanism hasn't been properly described in a
standards-track document - only as marketing material.

> Also, past experience has shown that most users hate
> to use cryptographic technologies for email or anything else when
> they have a choice.

I would say instead that "most users hate to use technologies that
require effort".

Take SSL, which has been very widely adopted for transactions, as a
contradiction of your statement.

-- 
David Maxwell, david@vex.net|david@maxwell.net --> Unless you have a solution
when you tell them things like that, most people collapse into a gibbering, 
unthinking mass.  This is the same reason why you probably don't tell your 
boss about everything you read on BugTraq!    - Signal 11


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From: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>
To: ASRG <asrg@ietf.org>
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Organization: SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc.
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Subject: [Asrg] 0. General - Review of the CRI subgroup
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The CRI subgroup was created to work on the development of the CRI 
proposal to allow C/R systems to communicate. The group public homepage 
is at:

http://asrg.kavi.com/apps/group_public/workgroup.php?wg_abbrev=cri

The CRI proposal is located at:

http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-irtf-asrg-cri-00.txt

We are currently reviewing this subgroup since it appears to lack enough 
interested participants. If you would like to participate in this 
subgroup, have comments on it, or any other questions, please let us 
know. If not enough interest is shown, we intend to shutdown this subgroup.

Sincerely,
Yakov Shafranovich
Co-Chair, ASRG
-------
Yakov Shafranovich / asrg <at> shaftek.org
SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc. / research <at> solidmatrix.com
"Power tends to corrupt, and absolute power corrupts absolutely" (Lord 
Acton)
-------


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To: David Maxwell <david@crlf.net>
From: Mark Baugher <mbaugher@cisco.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 6. Proposals - DNS + PKI - Yahoo's "Domain Keys"
Cc: asrg@ietf.org
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Date: Mon, 08 Dec 2003 12:31:57 -0800

At 10:50 AM 12/8/2003, David Maxwell wrote:
<...>

>Take SSL, which has been very widely adopted for transactions, as a
>contradiction of your statement.

I'm referring to cases where the user actually has to sign something,
see http://www-2.cs.cmu.edu/~alma/johnny.pdf

Mark


>--
>David Maxwell, david@vex.net|david@maxwell.net --> Unless you have a solution
>when you tell them things like that, most people collapse into a gibbering,
>unthinking mass.  This is the same reason why you probably don't tell your
>boss about everything you read on BugTraq!    - Signal 11



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From: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 6. Proposals - DNS + PKI - Yahoo's "Domain Keys"
In-reply-to: <76E54AAE-299E-11D8-8EEC-000A27AF5202@megacity.org>
To: "Derek J. Balling" <dredd@megacity.org>
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Date: Mon, 08 Dec 2003 15:32:49 -0500
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Derek J. Balling wrote:

> 
> On Dec 8, 2003, at 11:41 AM, Mark Baugher wrote:
> 
>> At 07:49 AM 12/8/2003, Derek J. Balling wrote:
>>
>>> On Dec 7, 2003, at 6:04 PM, Mark Baugher wrote:
>>>
>>>>>   If DK means that each sender signs the message, then you have two
>>>>> choices.  One is to have a domain-wide private key, in which case it
>>>>> must change regularly, as spammers will quickly obtain it.
>>>>
>>>>
>>>> I don't know why you would assume this.
>>>
>>>
>>> If I am $BIGCORP with $BIGNUM of employees, there's going to be 
>>> less-than-honorable employees, there's going to be disgruntled 
>>> ex-employees. If the sender signs their own message then your 
>>> company's keys WILL get out into the wild.
>>
>>
>> I assumed that the MTA would have the private key and sign; not that 
>> the mail operator would hand our a *copy* of a public/private keypair 
>> to each sender.  I have never heard of such a thing. Sorry that I 
>> missed that aspect of the yahoo proposal, where did they say that?
> 
> 
> There are two basic scenarios, both with flaws:
> 
> 1.) The MTA signs the message:  This is problematic in the "traveling 
> salesperson" type scenario, because often then cannot use their company 
> mail server due to ISP filtering, etc.
> 
> 2.) The MUA signs the message:  This yields one of two subproblems:
>     2.a.) The MUA signs using a "per-user" key :  You now have to 
> maintain in DNS several thousand keys for your large organizations
>     2.b.) The MUA signs using a "domain-wide" key :  Every time you fire 
> an employee you have to change the key or risk its misuse
> 
> 
> Which of the three scenarios Yahoo intends to write into the spec is 
> unknown, but all three are flawed. :-)

Based on the information available to us, its the first scenario.

Yakov

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Yakov Shafranovich / asrg <at> shaftek.org
SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc. / research <at> solidmatrix.com
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From: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 6. Proposals - DNS + PKI - Yahoo's "Domain Keys"
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Alan DeKok wrote:

> Mark Baugher <mbaugher@cisco.com> wrote:
> 
>>It's not clear to me what Yahoo is proposing since the descriptions I have 
>>read don't make much sense.  But the first question I have with any 
>>signature proposal is "what does the signature attest to?"
> 
> 
>   The signature is most likely done on a hash of the message body
> and/or some headers from the envelope.
> 
>   What it *means* is another question entirely.
> 

The signature attests to the fact that the domain name or server from 
which the message originated, is not forged.

Yakov
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] 6. Proposals - DNS + PKI - Yahoo's "Domain Keys"
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Alan DeKok wrote:
> Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com> wrote:
> 
>>Having the ability of someone else vouch for a domain, is another 
>>advantage of this approach (DK) over LMAP,
> 
> 
>   Current blacklists can be viewed as a way of third parties vouching
> for a domain.  The MTAMark proposal is similar.
> 
>   Though the various documents don't say so, there's nothing to stop
> an MTA from looking up LMAP information in a third-party database,
> too.  e.g.  "domain.com._lmap_.example.com", or
> "4.3.2.1.domain.com._lmap_.example.com"
> 
>   Hmm... I'll add that to the discussion document as a possible method
> of blacklisting domains which are known to host spammers.  Leveraging
> the LMAP infrastructure for a domain-based blacklist just makes
> sense...

Domain black-lists aren't particularly useful, because domains are cheap 
enough to register that spammers could send one load of spam from a given 
domain and then abandon it. If a spammer is stupid enough to stick around, 
or they have some pretense of legitimacy, then a blacklist could have some 
effect.

I thought the point was that white lists would become meaningful because 
people couldn't ride on someone else's good reputation, as they can now, and 
service providers could be held accountable for bad users sending mail 
within their domain.

Philip Miller


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From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@ox.org>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 6. Proposals - DNS + PKI - Yahoo's "Domain Keys" 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Mon, 08 Dec 2003 16:53:48 EST."
             <3FD4F2EC.7040903@zemos.net> 
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Philip Miller <millenix@zemos.net> wrote:
> Domain black-lists aren't particularly useful, because domains are cheap 
> enough to register that spammers could send one load of spam from a given 
> domain and then abandon it. If a spammer is stupid enough to stick around, 
> or they have some pretense of legitimacy, then a blacklist could have some 
> effect.

  Blacklists can be updated during a spam run, which makes them
somewhat useful.  Also, the domain-based blacklists can be mined to
discover registrants (or registrars) who are associated with spam.

> I thought the point was that white lists would become meaningful because 
> people couldn't ride on someone else's good reputation, as they can now, and 
> service providers could be held accountable for bad users sending mail 
> within their domain.

  LMAP isn't a whitelist.  It's a publication of consent information.

  Alan DeKok.

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From: "Hector Santos" <winserver.support@winserver.com>
To: "Yakov Shafranovich" <research@solidmatrix.com>,
        "Alan DeKok" <aland@ox.org>
Cc: <asrg@ietf.org>
References: <20031208183344.1857A16CD1@mail.nitros9.org> <3FD4E090.8000808@solidmatrix.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 6. Proposals - DNS + PKI - Yahoo's "Domain Keys"
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Keep in mind that this proposal will only work if the RFC specifications are
clarified due to one its central criteria.  Quoting Yahoo:

"If the receiving system can decrypt that private key with a public key
registered by the Internet's Domain Name System, then it will be assumed the
message is authentic. If it can't, the message is bounced back from whence
it came."

Therefore, like other proposals, if the bounce system is not reliable or
considered or interpreted as "optional", then there can only be one
assumption to be made; throw the message away.

In other words,  what will be the RFC guidelines on handling an unreliable
or incomplete bounce due to a failed decryption of a private key?

This still needs to be addressed.  You guys need to get going with this
because whether you understand this or not,  once YAHOO implement it,
software vendors, such as myself have no choice but to add support for it.

The way I view this or any proposal for that matter, is how will it fit into
the complete integrated mail system of our product, where will the
validation process take place?

For example, if YDK is to be deployed,  we might consider the implementation
to be placed at various points of the process.

In essence, the baseline compliance for this proposal is two MUA systems.
The middle ware is not really required.  However, trust increases as a 3rd
party component is involved in the validation process.

If a compliant MUA sender is used,  does the SMTP route have a role of
validating the key or simply pass it on to the final destination?

If a non-compliant MUA sender is used,  where in the SMTP process does it
add the private key? or does it?

Is there sufficient trust when the MUA receiver is not compliant and the
SENDER is validated by SMTP?

Does the POP3 server play a role?   Can an enhanced MUA POP3 client informed
the enhanced POP3 server to accept or not accept  non-validated YDK mail.

In short, once this or any system is put in place,  the users will
ultimately have to decide if the non-validated private key email should be
received by the system and that's something that needs to be programmed in
the SMTP software.

Private key or not,  vendors will have to offer the option to the admins on
how to handle mail that has yet in compliance with the system.

Quick example:

Confirmed YDK-Ready Mail Sender ->  SMTP passes on the mail.

Unconfirmed YDK-Ready Mail Sender ->  What happens with unreliable bounce?

No YDK header Mail Sender ->  Should SMTP confirm the sender (and how?) and
add the header?

It just seems to me that YDK works with widely deployed.  In the mean time,
the RFC needs to be updated to provided the control mechanisms when ANY NEW
SYSTEM is not confirmable or validated or used.

That all boils down to the bounce concept.

Bounce is possible - GREAT!
Bounce not possible - scratch your head.

---
Hector Santos, CTO
WINSERVER "Wildcat! Interactive Net Server"
support: http://www.winserver.com
sales: http://www.santronics.com


----- Original Message ----- 
From: "Yakov Shafranovich" <research@solidmatrix.com>
To: "Alan DeKok" <aland@ox.org>
Cc: <asrg@ietf.org>
Sent: Monday, December 08, 2003 3:35 PM
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 6. Proposals - DNS + PKI - Yahoo's "Domain Keys"


> Alan DeKok wrote:
>
> > Mark Baugher <mbaugher@cisco.com> wrote:
> >
> >>It's not clear to me what Yahoo is proposing since the descriptions I
have
> >>read don't make much sense.  But the first question I have with any
> >>signature proposal is "what does the signature attest to?"
> >
> >
> >   The signature is most likely done on a hash of the message body
> > and/or some headers from the envelope.
> >
> >   What it *means* is another question entirely.
> >
>
> The signature attests to the fact that the domain name or server from
> which the message originated, is not forged.
>
> Yakov
> -------
> Yakov Shafranovich / asrg <at> shaftek.org
> SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc. / research <at> solidmatrix.com
> "And this too shall come to pass"
> -------
>
>
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg
>



_______________________________________________
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To: "Hector Santos" <winserver.support@winserver.com>
From: Mark Baugher <mbaugher@cisco.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 6. Proposals - DNS + PKI - Yahoo's "Domain Keys"
Cc: "Yakov Shafranovich" <research@solidmatrix.com>,
        "Alan DeKok" <aland@ox.org>, <asrg@ietf.org>
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 <3FD4E090.8000808@solidmatrix.com>
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Date: Mon, 08 Dec 2003 19:42:13 -0800

You're assuming that "system" means "MUA."  I did not assume that.  It is 
going to be hard to get going on this unless someone produces a meaningful 
and complete description.

It is also not clear how this plays with the Microsoft/AOL signing proposal 
that was also in the news.

Mark
At 06:12 PM 12/8/2003, Hector Santos wrote:
>Keep in mind that this proposal will only work if the RFC specifications are
>clarified due to one its central criteria.  Quoting Yahoo:
>
>"If the receiving system can decrypt that private key with a public key
>registered by the Internet's Domain Name System, then it will be assumed the
>message is authentic. If it can't, the message is bounced back from whence
>it came."
>
>Therefore, like other proposals, if the bounce system is not reliable or
>considered or interpreted as "optional", then there can only be one
>assumption to be made; throw the message away.
>
>In other words,  what will be the RFC guidelines on handling an unreliable
>or incomplete bounce due to a failed decryption of a private key?
>
>This still needs to be addressed.  You guys need to get going with this
>because whether you understand this or not,  once YAHOO implement it,
>software vendors, such as myself have no choice but to add support for it.
>
>The way I view this or any proposal for that matter, is how will it fit into
>the complete integrated mail system of our product, where will the
>validation process take place?
>
>For example, if YDK is to be deployed,  we might consider the implementation
>to be placed at various points of the process.
>
>In essence, the baseline compliance for this proposal is two MUA systems.
>The middle ware is not really required.  However, trust increases as a 3rd
>party component is involved in the validation process.
>
>If a compliant MUA sender is used,  does the SMTP route have a role of
>validating the key or simply pass it on to the final destination?
>
>If a non-compliant MUA sender is used,  where in the SMTP process does it
>add the private key? or does it?
>
>Is there sufficient trust when the MUA receiver is not compliant and the
>SENDER is validated by SMTP?
>
>Does the POP3 server play a role?   Can an enhanced MUA POP3 client informed
>the enhanced POP3 server to accept or not accept  non-validated YDK mail.
>
>In short, once this or any system is put in place,  the users will
>ultimately have to decide if the non-validated private key email should be
>received by the system and that's something that needs to be programmed in
>the SMTP software.
>
>Private key or not,  vendors will have to offer the option to the admins on
>how to handle mail that has yet in compliance with the system.
>
>Quick example:
>
>Confirmed YDK-Ready Mail Sender ->  SMTP passes on the mail.
>
>Unconfirmed YDK-Ready Mail Sender ->  What happens with unreliable bounce?
>
>No YDK header Mail Sender ->  Should SMTP confirm the sender (and how?) and
>add the header?
>
>It just seems to me that YDK works with widely deployed.  In the mean time,
>the RFC needs to be updated to provided the control mechanisms when ANY NEW
>SYSTEM is not confirmable or validated or used.
>
>That all boils down to the bounce concept.
>
>Bounce is possible - GREAT!
>Bounce not possible - scratch your head.
>
>---
>Hector Santos, CTO
>WINSERVER "Wildcat! Interactive Net Server"
>support: http://www.winserver.com
>sales: http://www.santronics.com
>
>
>----- Original Message -----
>From: "Yakov Shafranovich" <research@solidmatrix.com>
>To: "Alan DeKok" <aland@ox.org>
>Cc: <asrg@ietf.org>
>Sent: Monday, December 08, 2003 3:35 PM
>Subject: Re: [Asrg] 6. Proposals - DNS + PKI - Yahoo's "Domain Keys"
>
>
> > Alan DeKok wrote:
> >
> > > Mark Baugher <mbaugher@cisco.com> wrote:
> > >
> > >>It's not clear to me what Yahoo is proposing since the descriptions I
>have
> > >>read don't make much sense.  But the first question I have with any
> > >>signature proposal is "what does the signature attest to?"
> > >
> > >
> > >   The signature is most likely done on a hash of the message body
> > > and/or some headers from the envelope.
> > >
> > >   What it *means* is another question entirely.
> > >
> >
> > The signature attests to the fact that the domain name or server from
> > which the message originated, is not forged.
> >
> > Yakov
> > -------
> > Yakov Shafranovich / asrg <at> shaftek.org
> > SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc. / research <at> solidmatrix.com
> > "And this too shall come to pass"
> > -------
> >
> >
> > _______________________________________________
> > Asrg mailing list
> > Asrg@ietf.org
> > https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg
> >
>
>
>
>_______________________________________________
>Asrg mailing list
>Asrg@ietf.org
>https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg



_______________________________________________
Asrg mailing list
Asrg@ietf.org
https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg



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From: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 6. Proposals - DNS + PKI - Yahoo's "Domain Keys"
In-reply-to: <6.0.0.22.2.20031208194023.03bd6958@mira-sjc5-6.cisco.com>
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Mark Baugher wrote:
[..]
> It is also not clear how this plays with the Microsoft/AOL signing 
> proposal that was also in the news.
> 
[..]

Yahoo is part of the MSFT/AOL consortium, and it looks like it is the 
exact same proposal. The question is why Yahoo is marketing it all by 
itself...

Yakov
-------
Yakov Shafranovich / asrg <at> shaftek.org
SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc. / research <at> solidmatrix.com
"Power tends to corrupt, and absolute power corrupts absolutely" (Lord 
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From: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 6. Proposals - DNS + PKI - Yahoo's "Domain Keys"
In-reply-to: <000701c3bdf9$d856cf20$6401a8c0@FAMILY>
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Hector Santos wrote:

> Keep in mind that this proposal will only work if the RFC specifications are
> clarified due to one its central criteria.  Quoting Yahoo:
> 
> "If the receiving system can decrypt that private key with a public key
> registered by the Internet's Domain Name System, then it will be assumed the
> message is authentic. If it can't, the message is bounced back from whence
> it came."
> 
> Therefore, like other proposals, if the bounce system is not reliable or
> considered or interpreted as "optional", then there can only be one
> assumption to be made; throw the message away.
> 
> In other words,  what will be the RFC guidelines on handling an unreliable
> or incomplete bounce due to a failed decryption of a private key?
> 

I would not rely on their press releases or news stories based on their 
press releases until concrete specs for their proposal is released. I 
would assume their "bounce" here is referring to the industry standard 
way of doing bounces today, not anything esoteric.

[..]
> In essence, the baseline compliance for this proposal is two MUA systems.
> The middle ware is not really required.  However, trust increases as a 3rd
> party component is involved in the validation process.
> 
> If a compliant MUA sender is used,  does the SMTP route have a role of
> validating the key or simply pass it on to the final destination?
> 
> If a non-compliant MUA sender is used,  where in the SMTP process does it
> add the private key? or does it?
> [..]

This proposal is specifically geared toward MTA signing messages, NOT 
MUAs. Trust between the MUAs and MTAs is accomplished via SMTP AUTH, and 
then the MTA signs the message before it is sent out. While it can be 
done through the MUAs, based on all information that is available to us, 
it is done on MTA level.

[..]


-------
Yakov Shafranovich / asrg <at> shaftek.org
SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc. / research <at> solidmatrix.com
  "Why are both drug addicts and computer aficionados both called 
users?" (Clifford Stoll)
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----- Original Message ----- 
From: "Yakov Shafranovich" <research@solidmatrix.com>
To: "Hector Santos" <winserver.support@winserver.com>
Cc: "Alan DeKok" <aland@ox.org>; <asrg@ietf.org>
Sent: Monday, December 08, 2003 10:57 PM
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 6. Proposals - DNS + PKI - Yahoo's "Domain Keys"

> "If the receiving system can decrypt that private key with a public key
> registered by the Internet's Domain Name System, then it will be assumed
the
> message is authentic. If it can't, the message is bounced back from whence
> it came."

> > In other words,  what will be the RFC guidelines on handling an
unreliable
> > or incomplete bounce due to a failed decryption of a private key?
>
> I would not rely on their press releases or news stories based on their
> press releases until concrete specs for their proposal is released.

duh. <g>

I presumed you are privy to any timeline information? Yahoo does say early
2004.  Doesn't give developers much time which is why I say that they are
basing this on a minimum compliance with MUAs only, like Outlook augmented
with their mail server.   Looks to me they are going to apply this to thier
moronic DATA level validation logic.

> I  would assume their "bounce" here is referring to the industry standard
> way of doing bounces today, not anything esoteric.

Of course, no details. But any intelligent person can see any generic
concept applied here.

Whether its the MUA or MTA adding the private key, when that message come to
my SMTP server,  it sounds to me we are back to the original issues of MX,
PTR,  and Return Path validation concepts.  The burden is still on the SMTP
system to "determine" how much trust can be put into a transaction with or
without a private key.

No "KEY" from a YAHOO return path message:

         What steps should a SMTP server take?

Or is what YAHOO is telling the world that starting in 2004,  any message
that does not have a private key, should not be trusted?  Plain and simple?
Then as you mentioned, we are left with possible forgery issues.

The key to any successful technology is to tell the SMTP receiver not to
take any further action or minimum action on validating a transaction and it
needs to be done before DATA is received.

-- Hector



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Subject: Re: [Asrg] 6. Proposals - DNS + PKI - Yahoo's "Domain Keys"
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Date: Tue, 09 Dec 2003 00:10:26 -0500
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Hector Santos wrote:
[..]
> I presumed you are privy to any time line information? Yahoo does say early
> 2004.
[..]

Nope, I am just as clueless about the time line as everyone else is.

[..]
> No "KEY" from a YAHOO return path message:
> 
>          What steps should a SMTP server take?
> 
> Or is what YAHOO is telling the world that starting in 2004,  any message
> that does not have a private key, should not be trusted?  Plain and simple?
> Then as you mentioned, we are left with possible forgery issues.
[..]

I would venture to say that for domains that DO have the public key in 
DNS, any email originating from any other SMTP server with that domain 
as the "From" address inside the message, and not signed, can be 
rejected or given higher score in Spam Assassin. This of course would be 
a problem for users that use a different SMTP server to relay email, 
unless private keys are shared.

Therefore, this proposal would give immidaete benefit for those sites 
that utilize it, by reducing "joe jobs" forging that domain, and it will 
not require the entire Internet to adopt it on the sender's end unless 
they want to use it. This is similar to LMAP in that respect, but does 
present more overhead.

> 
> The key to any successful technology is to tell the SMTP receiver not to
> take any further action or minimum action on validating a transaction and it
> needs to be done before DATA is received.

Since this proposal signs messages themselves that are transfered within 
the DATA command, this cannot be done before the DATA command. 
Therefore, unlike LMAP proposals it cannot be used at the MAIL FROM point.

Yakov
-------
Yakov Shafranovich / asrg <at> shaftek.org
SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc. / research <at> solidmatrix.com
"I ate your Web page. / Forgive me. It was juicy / And tart on my 
tongue." (MIT's 404 Message)
-------


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From: Fridrik Skulason <frisk@f-prot.com>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 6. Proposals - DNS + PKI - Yahoo's "Domain Keys"]
Message-ID: <20031209100215.GL6117@f-prot.com>
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Date: Tue, 9 Dec 2003 10:02:15 +0000

> 1.) The MTA signs the message:  This is problematic in the "traveling 
> salesperson" type scenario, because often then cannot use their company 
> mail server due to ISP filtering, etc.

Is there *any* authentication proposal that does not have that problem?

-- 
Fridrik Skulason   Frisk Software International   phone: +354-540-7400
Author of F-PROT   E-mail: frisk@f-prot.com       fax:   +354-540-7401

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In-Reply-To:  <3FD55942.8020900@solidmatrix.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 6. Proposals - DNS + PKI - Yahoo's "Domain Keys"
To: "ASRG" <asrg@ietf.org>
From: "Jon Kyme" <jrk@merseymail.com>
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> 
> Therefore, this proposal would give immidaete benefit for those sites 
> that utilize it, by reducing "joe jobs" forging that domain, and it will 
> not require the entire Internet to adopt it on the sender's end unless 
> they want to use it. This is similar to LMAP in that respect, but does 
> present more overhead.
> 

It smells of magical belief to me. Just sprinkle on some public key fairy
dust and the problem just shrivels up. Ho hum. I can't really see what such
a scheme would offer which something like SPF/LMAP wouldn't.

I believe this is a "run it up the flagpole and see who salutes" kind of
experiment. I guess that people plant these stories so that they can (a)
see what happens to stock prices and (b) count the cheers vs. jeers.
  





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In-Reply-To:  <20031209100215.GL6117@f-prot.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 6. Proposals - DNS + PKI - Yahoo's "Domain Keys"]
To: "Fridrik Skulason"  <frisk@f-prot.com>
From: "Jon Kyme" <jrk@merseymail.com>
Cc: "ASRG" <asrg@ietf.org>
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>> 1.) The MTA signs the message:  This is problematic in the "traveling 
>> salesperson" type scenario, because often then cannot use their company 
>> mail server due to ISP filtering, etc.
>
>
>Is there *any* authentication proposal that does not have that problem?
>


A. I need some way of allowing 0.0.0.0/0 for example.com if I don't want
the trouble of setting up some kind of authSMTP (and/or proxy/tunnel kit)
for my roaming users. Of course - the whole world's going to block me
pretty soon and then there's a strong incentive for me to fix my setup.

B. Or just give them all a webmail interface. Does anyone need a webmail
system? I'll write you one :-)






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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: 6. Proposals: MTA MARK
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On 12/09/2003 6:45 PM, Matthew Elvey said:

----- Original Message ----- 
From: "Matthew Elvey" <matthew@elvey.com>
To: "Tomi Panula-Ontto" <tomi@panula-ont.to>
Sent: Saturday, December 06, 2003 6:45 PM
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: 6. Proposals: MTA MARK


> On 12/1/2003 6:56 AM, Tomi Panula-Ontto sent forth electrons to convey:
>
> >On 11/30/2003 1:00 AM, Matthew Elvey said:
> >
[cut]
> Well, for one thing, I fear people like me (one static DSL IP on SBC) or
> using dyndns on a dynamic IP are unlikely to be able to convince their
> ISPs to put such entries in DNS.

If that's the case,  I suggest you change to more responsible ISP.
I don't think we are doing very good work, if we just leave the
ISPs out. ["They are bad people anyway and yeah, they let their
customers spam all day long" - not in my experience]

IMHO, people using dynamic IPs should not be allowed to run
(trusted) smtp servers anyway. Why so? According to some recent
studies one third of the spam is generated in some compromised
home computers [Exact wording may differ].
People behind dynamic IPs should either use some SMTP AUTH
relay service (like www.asmtp.com) or use the mail server provided
by their ISP. They should not be allowed to take direct contact to
any SMTP server in the world. But hey, that's me, you don't have
to agree.


> Not that I recall.  These protocols only become 'mandatory' if they
> catch on and become broadly used. The IETF has no power to force people
> to follow their rules.

I'm aware of that. IETF is here to public and open discussions of the
means (protocols, etc) to do the job.

IETF is just one step. Discuss and design the protocol.
Other people will implement it (if they feel it's worth implementing).
Other people will use it (if it's worth using).

> MTAmark has less of a chance to catch on than LMTP, because it provides
> a smaller incentive to adoption, as I've explained in a previous post.
> If your domain is being forged, you're highly likely to adopt LMTP.  If
> a ISPs IPs are being used to spam, they may well not adopt MTAmark.
> I'm not against MTAmark; I think LMTP should be a higher priority.

Let's just clear out one thing. When you say LMTP, do you actually mean
LMAP?
(http://asrg.kavi.com/apps/group_public/download.php/15/draft-irtf-asrg-lmap
-discussion-00.txt)

LMAP is based on two concepts: publication of policy by a domain, and
application of that policy by a recipient MTA.

I fear that LMAP doesn't address the problem. Why so?
Who can prevent spammers from stealing credit cards and
registering thousands of domains to use in their spamming
business?

See LMAP discussion paper [5.1.4]

"
Spammers may bypass this scheme through a number of methods, such as:
- Claiming association with a domain not implementing LMAP
- Claiming association with a domain implementing LMAP, but
which has a policy stating anyone can claim such association.
- "Hijacking" systems or MTAs within a domain to send spam.
- DNS poisoning, to force particular LMAP information on an MTA
- Registering domains, and implement LMAP.

Recipients can use methods other than LMAP to defend against such
attacks.  These methods may include whitelists, blacklists, greylists
[ref], and content filtering.  There is no requirement that LMAP be
the only source of information for implementing site policy.
"

ReverseMX or MTAMark are simply distributed whitelists
managed by the network owners (ISPs). Even though I think
in my humble mind that ISPs should be forced to adopt
such policy, there is no way to do that, until the protocol
is well functioning and easily adoptable by the organizations.

If we ever finish the "protocol" and get working implementations,
then maybe we can get some acceptance and perhaps even
widespread usage to it.

If we ever reach that point, then it's time to start discussions with
IANA, RIPE, ARIN, APNIC, etc. to enforce the rule.

> Should, should....  The ones that will are the ones that terminate their
> spamming customers.  I don't see MTAmark providing any incentive for
> ISPs to be more responsible than they are now.

Well, if that's the case then I'm sure the ISPs are happy to sell
their massmailers err.. MTAs for spammers.

> I think Eric Raymond explained why a try everything and see what sticks
> plan isn't ideal.  It dilutes resources.

So we should go and try LMAP and see them exploit it in
matter of days, right?

And whos resources?

I don't know how spammers operate, but they really seem quite
professional at it, since whenever I have added a new RBL
sources to my blacklisting MTA the amount of spam is reduced
only for few days or perhaps weeks. Pretty soon, they are able
to reroute whole damn thing and we are back on the same level
we started from.

And they are doing the very same thing in message headers,
the message itself. They are trying to keep ahead of the spam
prevention and they're really doing pretty good job there.
They get their living out of it.

Do you really think they would not do it for LMAP? Or any
other means? Of course they will. As long as they can.
If there are easy, and relatively cheap ways to circumvent
a problem, then they'll do it.



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From exim@www1.ietf.org  Tue Dec  9 10:30:42 2003
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From: "Hallam-Baker, Phillip" <pbaker@verisign.com>
To: "'Alan DeKok'" <aland@ox.org>, "'asrg@ietf.org'" <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 6. Proposals - DNS + PKI - Yahoo's "Domain Keys" 
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Date: Tue, 9 Dec 2003 07:28:46 -0800

The problem here is that you get a browser root key issue, the only people
who can offer service are the people who get looked at.

A beter approach is to add in a capability that allows people to say which
services have given them positive accreditations. This way the accreditatio
web is self booting.

The accreditation services could state that they should only be consulted if
cited as reference or that they have wider scope.


 -----Original Message-----
From: 	Alan DeKok
Sent:	Mon Dec 08 10:42:58 2003
To:	asrg@ietf.org
Subject:	Re: [Asrg] 6. Proposals - DNS + PKI - Yahoo's "Domain Keys" 

Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com> wrote:
> Having the ability of someone else vouch for a domain, is another 
> advantage of this approach (DK) over LMAP,

  Current blacklists can be viewed as a way of third parties vouching
for a domain.  The MTAMark proposal is similar.

  Though the various documents don't say so, there's nothing to stop
an MTA from looking up LMAP information in a third-party database,
too.  e.g.  "domain.com._lmap_.example.com", or
"4.3.2.1.domain.com._lmap_.example.com"

  Hmm... I'll add that to the discussion document as a possible method
of blacklisting domains which are known to host spammers.  Leveraging
the LMAP infrastructure for a domain-based blacklist just makes
sense...

  Alan DeKok.

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From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@ox.org>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 6. Proposals - DNS + PKI - Yahoo's "Domain Keys" 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Tue, 09 Dec 2003 10:06:54 GMT."
             <E1ATela-0002DX-Kp@argon.connect.org.uk> 
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Date: Tue, 09 Dec 2003 13:05:49 -0500

"Jon Kyme" <jrk@merseymail.com> wrote:
> It smells of magical belief to me. Just sprinkle on some public key fairy
> dust and the problem just shrivels up. Ho hum. I can't really see what such
> a scheme would offer which something like SPF/LMAP wouldn't.

  Slightly lower administrative costs, perhaps.  Possibly better
ability to transit mailing lists.

  The drawback is you can't delegate authority like you can in LMAP.
You can't use permit '0/0' like you can in LMAP.

  The benefit is that admins don't have to contact the central DNS
server when outgoing MTA's change IP's.  Since in many, many, systems
those outgoing MTA's are also the MX's for a domain, that benefit is
near non-existent.

  Alan DeKok.

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From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@ox.org>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: 6. Proposals: MTA MARK 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Tue, 09 Dec 2003 12:58:20 +0200."
             <009a01c3be43$5d74fc60$6400a8c0@INTRA.KOODIA.FI> 
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Date: Tue, 09 Dec 2003 13:10:28 -0500

"Tomi Panula-Ontto" <tomi@panula-ont.to> wrote:
> LMAP is based on two concepts: publication of policy by a domain, and
> application of that policy by a recipient MTA.

  Exactly.

> I fear that LMAP doesn't address the problem. Why so?
> Who can prevent spammers from stealing credit cards and
> registering thousands of domains to use in their spamming
> business?

  Law enforcement.  Theft of credit cards isn't an issue we can solve
in the network.

  Right now, much of spammers behaviour is already illegal.  LMAP
makes it more likely for them to engage in more illegal behaviour.
This makes them easier to catch, and gives law enforcement more
inducement to catch them.

  It also gives registrars more inducement to do sanity checking on
registration, if large percentages of registrations are found to be
fraudulent & criminal.

  Alan DeKok.

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To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 6. Proposals - DNS + PKI - Yahoo's "Domain Keys"
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Date: Tue, 9 Dec 2003 20:36:52 +0100

On Mon, Dec 08, 2003 at 03:35:28PM -0500, Yakov Shafranovich wrote:
> The signature attests to the fact that the domain name or server from 
> which the message originated, is not forged.

*lol*
I don't see any more security here as with a "paranoid" dns lookup.
If I do a reverse DNS lookup and get a name and do a lookup of the name
and get the IP I can assume#1 that it is correct.
   #1 with drawbacks as to DNS spoofing and DNS security.
Now, if the sending MTA has a signature on the message and I use DNS
to get the public key to verify the signature #1 from above still
applies. So the win for using PKI and not paranoid DNS lookups is zero.

If people don't get simple things right like a correct HELO hosts and DNS
for their mailservers, does anyone seriously believe they will get
PKI working? I surely don't believe that.
On one of our mailservers out of 143013 connections 66619 had
non-matching HELO hosts sent. That's about 47 percent. Any more
questions? Oh, and no, it's not only evil spammers:
  smtp5.wanadoo.fr:193.252.22.26	HELO mwinf0502.wanadoo.fr
  daedalus.apache.org:208.185.179.12	HELO mail.apache.org
  nlpproxy03.prodigy.net.mx:148.235.52.23 HELO smtp.prodigy.net.mx
  sc8-sf-sshgate.sourceforge.net:66.35.250.220 HELO sc8-sf-netmisc.sourceforge.net
  mxpool16.ebay.com:66.135.197.22	HELO mx40.sjc.ebay.com
	That's a kewl one: mx40.sjc.ebay.com -> 10.6.182.160
	leaking RFC addresses to the public Internet
  smtp05.web.de:217.72.192.209		HELO smtp.web.de
  datatracker.ietf.org:132.151.6.22	HELO optimus.ietf.org
  pluto3.daimler-benz.com:53.122.2.33	HELO daimler-benz.com

These few "well known names" were taken from a 10 minutes snapshot of the
mailer logfile.

But PKI always sounds kewl and wasn't it a nice press release for Yahoo
that made it all around the world?
Not too bad for some hot air, I'd say.

	\Maex

-- 
SpaceNet AG            | Joseph-Dollinger-Bogen 14 | Fon: +49 (89) 32356-0
Research & Development |       D-80807 Muenchen    | Fax: +49 (89) 32356-299
"The security, stability and reliability of a computer system is reciprocally
 proportional to the amount of vacuity between the ears of the admin"

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From: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 6. Proposals - DNS + PKI - Yahoo's "Domain Keys"
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Markus Stumpf wrote:
> On Mon, Dec 08, 2003 at 03:35:28PM -0500, Yakov Shafranovich wrote:
> 
>>The signature attests to the fact that the domain name or server from 
>>which the message originated, is not forged.
> 
> 
> *lol*
> I don't see any more security here as with a "paranoid" dns lookup.
> If I do a reverse DNS lookup and get a name and do a lookup of the name
> and get the IP I can assume#1 that it is correct.
>    #1 with drawbacks as to DNS spoofing and DNS security.
> Now, if the sending MTA has a signature on the message and I use DNS
> to get the public key to verify the signature #1 from above still
> applies. So the win for using PKI and not paranoid DNS lookups is zero.
> [..]

Would there be a difference if the message is forwarded through a list, 
or is transfered via multiple MTAs?

Yakov

-------
Yakov Shafranovich / asrg <at> shaftek.org
SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc. / research <at> solidmatrix.com
"Be liberal in what you accept, and conservative in what you send" (Jon 
Postel)
-------


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From: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: 6. Proposals: MTA MARK
In-reply-to: <20031209181028.D8D8216FAC@mail.nitros9.org>
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Alan DeKok wrote:
> "Tomi Panula-Ontto" <tomi@panula-ont.to> wrote:
[..]
>>I fear that LMAP doesn't address the problem. Why so?
>>Who can prevent spammers from stealing credit cards and
>>registering thousands of domains to use in their spamming
>>business?
> 
> 
>   Law enforcement.  Theft of credit cards isn't an issue we can solve
> in the network.
> 
>   Right now, much of spammers behaviour is already illegal.  LMAP
> makes it more likely for them to engage in more illegal behaviour.
> This makes them easier to catch, and gives law enforcement more
> inducement to catch them.
> 
>   It also gives registrars more inducement to do sanity checking on
> registration, if large percentages of registrations are found to be
> fraudulent & criminal.
> 

LMAP is only one piece of the puzzle, its intent is to reduce some forms 
of forgery and give greater traceability. With LMAP it is much easier to 
trace a spammer to a specific domain, and from that point on trace the 
money trail used to register that domain.

Yakov
-------
Yakov Shafranovich / asrg <at> shaftek.org
SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc. / research <at> solidmatrix.com
"All that is gold does not glitter" (LOTR)
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To: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>
From: Mark Baugher <mbaugher@cisco.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 6. Proposals - DNS + PKI - Yahoo's "Domain Keys"
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Date: Tue, 09 Dec 2003 12:13:20 -0800

Yakov,

At 11:46 AM 12/9/2003, Yakov Shafranovich wrote:
>Markus Stumpf wrote:
>>On Mon, Dec 08, 2003 at 03:35:28PM -0500, Yakov Shafranovich wrote:
>>
>>>The signature attests to the fact that the domain name or server from 
>>>which the message originated, is not forged.
>>
>>*lol*
>>I don't see any more security here as with a "paranoid" dns lookup.
>>If I do a reverse DNS lookup and get a name and do a lookup of the name
>>and get the IP I can assume#1 that it is correct.
>>    #1 with drawbacks as to DNS spoofing and DNS security.
>>Now, if the sending MTA has a signature on the message and I use DNS
>>to get the public key to verify the signature #1 from above still
>>applies. So the win for using PKI and not paranoid DNS lookups is zero.
>>[..]
>
>Would there be a difference if the message is forwarded through a list, or 
>is transfered via multiple MTAs?

Is it fair to say that there may be many MTAs at the sender's domain, many 
at the receiver's domain, but there should at most be one MTA(i) in the 
forwarding path?  From the standpoint of mail signing, might the multiple 
MTAs at the sender be considered as a single MTA and similarly for the 
receiver?

Mark


>Yakov
>
>-------
>Yakov Shafranovich / asrg <at> shaftek.org
>SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc. / research <at> solidmatrix.com
>"Be liberal in what you accept, and conservative in what you send" (Jon 
>Postel)
>-------
>
>
>_______________________________________________
>Asrg mailing list
>Asrg@ietf.org
>https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg



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From: Markus Stumpf <maex-lists-spam-ietf-asrg@Space.Net>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 6. Proposals - DNS + PKI - Yahoo's "Domain Keys"
Message-ID: <20031209201709.GC76454@Space.Net>
References: <20031208183344.1857A16CD1@mail.nitros9.org> <3FD4E090.8000808@solidmatrix.com> <20031209193652.GA76454@Space.Net> <3FD626AC.9010002@solidmatrix.com>
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Date: Tue, 9 Dec 2003 21:17:09 +0100

On Tue, Dec 09, 2003 at 02:46:52PM -0500, Yakov Shafranovich wrote:
> Would there be a difference if the message is forwarded through a list, 
> or is transfered via multiple MTAs?

No. Because MTAs add headers and zillions of maillinglists add nice
(commercial/informational) trailers or remove attachments. Same for
large companies that think adding pseudo legal disclaimers makes any
difference.
All these destroy the structure of the email. These are problems that
e.g. PGP signers noticed long ago.

Now you can add headers to the sign. Which one would you add?
Date fields? How many mailservers have broken timezones. How many
mailservers are offline for 4 hours to 7 days? Add a special tag?
So what, I use this tag with my faked headers.

And the easiest solution:

a) get a Yahoo! account
b) login and send a email to  joe@example.com  with the exact message
   you want to spam with.
c) login as joe@example.com and save away the messages.
d) now you have a totally legal email signed by Yahoo! itself.
e) $ sendmail -ti [some 10000 addresses] < signed.mail

Now what problem does signing solve? Ok, it solves the problem for a lot
of people, but it makes it *really* easy to "legally" spam with messages
signed by public mail service providers and these are really easy to get ;-))

	\Maex

-- 
SpaceNet AG            | Joseph-Dollinger-Bogen 14 | Fon: +49 (89) 32356-0
Research & Development |       D-80807 Muenchen    | Fax: +49 (89) 32356-299
"The security, stability and reliability of a computer system is reciprocally
 proportional to the amount of vacuity between the ears of the admin"

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From exim@www1.ietf.org  Tue Dec  9 15:26:25 2003
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From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@ox.org>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 6. Proposals - DNS + PKI - Yahoo's "Domain Keys" 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Tue, 09 Dec 2003 15:06:58 EST."
             <3FD62B62.4040602@solidmatrix.com> 
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Date: Tue, 09 Dec 2003 15:26:22 -0500

Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com> wrote:
> Another difference here is that LMAP addresses MAIL FROM forgery in the 
> SMTP transaction, while DK addresses forgery in the mail headers and 
> email message itself.

  Which makes me wonder what STARTTLS was for.

  That's not entirely true...  STARTTLS encrypts a message hop by
hop, but you've got no guarantee that the hop you're talking to isn't
lying about the existence of previous hops.

  But for the vast majority of email, which flows directly from MTA to
MTA, DK is equivalent to using STARTTLS, with public keys looked up in
DNS.  Why sign the message, and then distribute it in the clear, when
you can instead distribute the message via an encrypted tunnel?

  But why use an encrypted tunnel or sign a message when it's being
delivered from your user, using your MX, to my MX, for my user?  The
audit trail is pretty straightforward there.

> >   The drawback is you can't delegate authority like you can in LMAP.
> 
> What about if you use subkeys?

  Then the DK headers will have to include not just the domain
information, but which sub-key to use.  The extreme is that each user
will have their own sub-key, in which case spammers will have them,
and key maintenance become a nightmare.

  LMAP allows you to say that a machine is permitted to send mail,
without giving that machine permission to make those statements
itself.  DK gives a machine the ability to "hand-off" it's delegated
authority to third parties, without the knowledge, or consent, of the
originating authority.

  If you're going to have roaming users, you MUST use sub-keys, which
will be impossible to keep secure.  LMAP doesn't have this problem.

  Alan DeKok.

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Cc: "Yakov Shafranovich" <research@solidmatrix.com>
References: <20031209181028.D8D8216FAC@mail.nitros9.org>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: 6. Proposals: MTA MARK 
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>
>   Right now, much of spammers behaviour is already illegal.  LMAP
> makes it more likely for them to engage in more illegal behaviour.
> This makes them easier to catch, and gives law enforcement more
> inducement to catch them.
>
>   It also gives registrars more inducement to do sanity checking on
> registration, if large percentages of registrations are found to be
> fraudulent & criminal.
>

Question,  I have not seen the CAN-SPAM bill (any one with a link to it? I
can't seen to find it)

Nonetheless, from what I know of it, spammers are only required to provide a
valid return address.

How will LMAP address this CAN-SPAM legal requirement?

I like LMAP, I already have begun implementing the LMAP-based design as
options for admins.

However, maybe I'm wrong, but it doesn't seem to go far enough if CAN-SPAM
is to be followed.

Remember, as a developer,  I need to be able to provide the functionality to
the admins.  We are going to be bombarded by the "layman" admins who will be
asked by their boss because he heard of the new buzz word,   CAN-SPAM,  if
their mail system supports it.

In short, is LMAP CAN-SPAM Ready?

- Hector





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From: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: 6. Proposals: MTA MARK
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Date: Tue, 09 Dec 2003 15:03:44 -0500
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Tomi Panula-Ontto wrote:
[..]
> I don't know how spammers operate, but they really seem quite
> professional at it, since whenever I have added a new RBL
> sources to my blacklisting MTA the amount of spam is reduced
> only for few days or perhaps weeks. Pretty soon, they are able
> to reroute whole damn thing and we are back on the same level
> we started from.
> 
> And they are doing the very same thing in message headers,
> the message itself. They are trying to keep ahead of the spam
> prevention and they're really doing pretty good job there.
> They get their living out of it.
> 
> Do you really think they would not do it for LMAP? Or any
> other means? Of course they will. As long as they can.
> If there are easy, and relatively cheap ways to circumvent
> a problem, then they'll do it.
>

If spam can be looked at as a disease than RBLs are treating the 
symptoms by listing IPs that are likely to abuse the network. LMAP, MTA 
MARK and related proposals are more geared towards treating the causes 
of the disease by addressing some of the architechtural issues on the 
Internet that allow spam to proliferate. For example, spammers are free 
to forge the MAIL FROM address with any domain in place. LMAP addresses 
this forgery issue forcing spammers to use their own domains. MTA MARK 
addresses the issue of hijacked computers being used for sending spam.

All of these simply reduce the freedom that spammers currently have to 
do their deeds. With that freedom reduced spammers will be left with 
less methods to be used, all of which would allow greater traceability. 
Combined with proper law enforcement, cooperating ISPs, and registrars, 
this can help reduce the problem by tracing spam to the real world.

Yakov


-------
Yakov Shafranovich / asrg <at> shaftek.org
SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc. / research <at> solidmatrix.com
"Be liberal in what you accept, and conservative in what you send" (Jon 
Postel)
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From: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 6. Proposals - DNS + PKI - Yahoo's "Domain Keys"
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Alan DeKok wrote:
> "Jon Kyme" <jrk@merseymail.com> wrote:
> 
>>It smells of magical belief to me. Just sprinkle on some public key fairy
>>dust and the problem just shrivels up. Ho hum. I can't really see what such
>>a scheme would offer which something like SPF/LMAP wouldn't.
> 
> 
>   Slightly lower administrative costs, perhaps.  Possibly better
> ability to transit mailing lists.
> 

Another difference here is that LMAP addresses MAIL FROM forgery in the 
SMTP transaction, while DK addresses forgery in the mail headers and 
email message itself.

>   The drawback is you can't delegate authority like you can in LMAP.

What about if you use subkeys?

Yakov
-------
Yakov Shafranovich / asrg <at> shaftek.org
SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc. / research <at> solidmatrix.com
"Power tends to corrupt, and absolute power corrupts absolutely" (Lord 
Acton)
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] 6. Proposals - DNS + PKI - Yahoo's "Domain Keys"
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Date: Tue, 09 Dec 2003 20:36:21 +0000

> questions? Oh, and no, it's not only evil spammers:
>   smtp5.wanadoo.fr:193.252.22.26	HELO mwinf0502.wanadoo.fr


dig mwinf0502.wanadoo.fr
;; ANSWER SECTION:
mwinf0502.wanadoo.fr.   86302   IN      CNAME   smtp5.wanadoo.fr.
smtp5.wanadoo.fr.       3486    IN      A       193.252.22.26


what's wrong with this? it's a FQDN. or is it that you think they shouldn't
use something with a CNAME? Is that not right?

problem is, IP 1---n Name, I think. And these are all "legit", which just
goes to show that "paranoid reverse lookups" don't work.

Or have I misunderstood?




--

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From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@ox.org>
To: asrg@ietf.org, asrg-rmx@ntp.org
Subject: [Asrg] Latest version of the LMAP discussion paper
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Date: Tue, 9 Dec 2003 16:02:07 -0500 (EST)

  I've updated the LMAP discussion paper, and put the latest copy on
my web site at:

http://www.striker.ottawa.on.ca/~aland/draft-irtf-asrg-lmap-discussion-00.txt

  It's also called -00 (like the previous one), because I've asked
Yakov to submit it as an Internet-Draft, and I expect that they will
number it -00.

  I've corrected a number of typos, and added suggested text.  I've
also removed some of the rants.

  Comments and suggestions are welcome.  I have a little more time
than I had a month ago, so I'm better able to discuss the document.

  Alan DeKok.

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Date: Tue, 9 Dec 2003 22:04:07 +0100

On Tue, Dec 09, 2003 at 08:36:21PM +0000, Jon Kyme wrote:
> dig mwinf0502.wanadoo.fr
> ;; ANSWER SECTION:
> mwinf0502.wanadoo.fr.   86302   IN      CNAME   smtp5.wanadoo.fr.
> smtp5.wanadoo.fr.       3486    IN      A       193.252.22.26
> 
> what's wrong with this? it's a FQDN. or is it that you think they shouldn't
> use something with a CNAME? Is that not right?

Ok, my error.

But look at
  datatracker.ietf.org:132.151.6.22     HELO optimus.ietf.org

  datatracker.ietf.org		-> 132.151.6.22
  22.6.151.132.in-addr.arpa	-> datatracker.ietf.org

  optimus.ietf.org 		-> 132.151.1.19
  19.1.151.132.in-addr.arpa.  	-> ietf.org.
  ietf.org.               	-> 132.151.1.19

> problem is, IP 1---n Name, I think. And these are all "legit", which just

No that is not the problem, there is no problem having multiple PTR
records. Look at e.g. pop.gmx.net:

pop.gmx.net			-> 213.165.64.20
20.64.165.213.in-addr.arpa.	->  mail.gmx.net.
20.64.165.213.in-addr.arpa.	->  pop.gmx.de.
20.64.165.213.in-addr.arpa.	->  pop.gmx.net.
20.64.165.213.in-addr.arpa.	->  imap.gmx.net.
20.64.165.213.in-addr.arpa.	->  mail.gmx.de.

> goes to show that "paranoid reverse lookups" don't work.
> Or have I misunderstood?

No you have exactly support my point of view ;-)
They can't get revDNS, forward DNS and HELO consistent. How should they
manage to get a PKI structure to work.

    \Maex

-- 
SpaceNet AG            | Joseph-Dollinger-Bogen 14 | Fon: +49 (89) 32356-0
Research & Development |       D-80807 Muenchen    | Fax: +49 (89) 32356-299
"The security, stability and reliability of a computer system is reciprocally
 proportional to the amount of vacuity between the ears of the admin"

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From: "Hector Santos" <winserver.support@winserver.com>
To: "Yakov Shafranovich" <research@solidmatrix.com>,
        "Alan DeKok" <aland@ox.org>
Cc: <asrg@ietf.org>
References: <20031209181028.D8D8216FAC@mail.nitros9.org> <3FD628F6.2030906@solidmatrix.com>
Subject: [Asrg] Re: 6. Proposals: Implementing LMAP (or LMAP-based) proposals
Organization: Santronics Software, Inc
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Date: Tue, 9 Dec 2003 16:04:46 -0500
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Yakov, Alan,

I need some input here.

Ok,  Now that I am sold on LMAP or implementing a LMAP-based solution in our
software, I have to see how best this is:

1) Introduced and offered to our customers,
2) Setup or configured to automate the support process.

Keep in mind the following: A) Wildcat is 100% GUI configuration, hence the
majority of our customers expect anything new to be easy to setup and
implement using a GUI setup.  We also do this to minimize our support
overhead, and B) I am not a DNS administrator. So when it comes to
"records", I have limited knowledge on setup.

So tell me, what do I need to add to our SMTP Server Setup dialogs?

I'm thinking that they need to "Help" in defining their MX and TXT LMAP
records?

So in our Anti-Spam Property Sheet, it could be something like:

This is for per-domain.

   Domain: XXXXXXX.COM

   [ Anti-Spam Controls ]

   [X]  Enable RBL                             [ Settings...]
   [X]  Enable LMAP                            [ Settings...]
   [X]  Enable HELO/EHLO Controls              [ Settings...]
   [X]  Enable MAIL FROM  Controls (WCSAP)     [ Settings...]
   [X]  Enable RCPT TO Controls                [ Settings...]
   [X]  Enable DATA Controls                   [ Settings...]

   [OK] [Cancel] [Help]

For LMAP control settings:

   [ Ant-Spam-LMAP Controls ]

   [X] Enable or
   [_] Enable LMAP-based XXXX
   [X] Enable LMAP-based YYYY
   [_] Enable LMAP-based ZZZZ

   ????

   LMAP TXT RECORD: _______________________  [ Save to DNS ]


I read the various proposals

So if you assist with what needs to be done in the LMAP settings, this will
help me getting a basic understanding on helping our customers get deploed
quickly.
Thanks

--- Hector



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From: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 6. Proposals - DNS + PKI - Yahoo's "Domain Keys"
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Mark Baugher wrote:

> Yakov,
> 
> At 11:46 AM 12/9/2003, Yakov Shafranovich wrote:
> 
>> Markus Stumpf wrote:
>>
>>> On Mon, Dec 08, 2003 at 03:35:28PM -0500, Yakov Shafranovich wrote:
>>>
>>>> The signature attests to the fact that the domain name or server 
>>>> from which the message originated, is not forged.
>>>
>>>
>>> *lol*
>>> I don't see any more security here as with a "paranoid" dns lookup.
>>> If I do a reverse DNS lookup and get a name and do a lookup of the name
>>> and get the IP I can assume#1 that it is correct.
>>>    #1 with drawbacks as to DNS spoofing and DNS security.
>>> Now, if the sending MTA has a signature on the message and I use DNS
>>> to get the public key to verify the signature #1 from above still
>>> applies. So the win for using PKI and not paranoid DNS lookups is zero.
>>> [..]
>>
>>
>> Would there be a difference if the message is forwarded through a 
>> list, or is transfered via multiple MTAs?
> 
> 
> Is it fair to say that there may be many MTAs at the sender's domain, 
> many at the receiver's domain, but there should at most be one MTA(i) in 
> the forwarding path?

If I understand correctly, that would mean that three MTAs are involved: 
sender's (s), intermediate(i) and receiver's(r). Therefore, LMAP will 
work for MTA(s) to MTA(i) connection, but will fail at MTA(i) to MTA(r) 
connection unless the sender's domain lists MTA(i) in LMAP. This 
presents a problem mainly for forwarding and is addressed in the LMAP 
discussion draft, section 3.4.

 > From the standpoint of mail signing, might the
> multiple MTAs at the sender be considered as a single MTA and similarly 
> for the receiver?

For DK, since the message itself is signed, forwarding is not as big of 
an issue, and how many MTAs are there does not matter, since they are 
not been authenticated anyway (unless some kind of a ESMTP extension is 
used, like Hector mentioned, or modified STARTTLS like Alan mentioned).

The point is that while LMAP does need some minor changes in forwarding, 
DK does not. BUT, as stated in the LMAP discussion draft, that is not a 
reason to choose one over the other, unless significant negative impact 
can be shown.

But then again, it is unclear what exactly is being done, since not too 
many details are available.

Yakov
-------
Yakov Shafranovich / asrg <at> shaftek.org
SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc. / research <at> solidmatrix.com
"Be liberal in what you accept, and conservative in what you send" (Jon 
Postel)
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From: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>
In-reply-to: <200312092102.hB9L27L08496@newgiles.nitros9.org>
To: Alan DeKok <aland@ox.org>
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Subject: [Asrg] 6. Proposals - LMAP - Latest version of the LMAP discussion paper
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[Subject changed as per posting guidelines. Mod.]

Alan DeKok wrote:
>   I've updated the LMAP discussion paper, and put the latest copy on
> my web site at:
> 
> http://www.striker.ottawa.on.ca/~aland/draft-irtf-asrg-lmap-discussion-00.txt
> 
> 

In case we get SlashDoted, a copy is also available on the ASRG worksite at:

http://asrg.kavi.com/apps/group_public/download.php/18/draft-irtf-asrg-lmap-discussion-00.txt

Yakov
-------
Yakov Shafranovich / asrg <at> shaftek.org
SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc. / research <at> solidmatrix.com
"But in this world nothing can be said to be certain, except death and 
taxes" (Benjamin Franklin)
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From: "Hector Santos" <winserver.support@winserver.com>
To: "Yakov Shafranovich" <research@solidmatrix.com>
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References: <20031208183344.1857A16CD1@mail.nitros9.org> <3FD4E090.8000808@solidmatrix.com> <000701c3bdf9$d856cf20$6401a8c0@FAMILY> <3FD54812.1040503@solidmatrix.com> <003901c3be0f$c59a0c60$6401a8c0@FAMILY> <3FD55942.8020900@solidmatrix.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 6. Proposals - DNS + PKI - Yahoo's "Domain Keys"
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----- Original Message ----- 
From: "Yakov Shafranovich" <research@solidmatrix.com>
To: "Hector Santos" <winserver.support@winserver.com>
Cc: <asrg@ietf.org>
Sent: Tuesday, December 09, 2003 12:10 AM
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 6. Proposals - DNS + PKI - Yahoo's "Domain Keys"


> Since this proposal signs messages themselves that are transfered within
> the DATA command, this cannot be done before the DATA command.
> Therefore, unlike LMAP proposals it cannot be used at the MAIL FROM point.

Unless an ESMTP command is provided as part of the YDK specification for
possible use by supportive  systems.  Would that work?

-- Hector



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From: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 6. Proposals - DNS + PKI - Yahoo's "Domain Keys"
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Markus Stumpf wrote:
> On Tue, Dec 09, 2003 at 02:46:52PM -0500, Yakov Shafranovich wrote:
> 
>>Would there be a difference if the message is forwarded through a list, 
>>or is transfered via multiple MTAs?
> 
> 
> No. Because MTAs add headers and zillions of maillinglists add nice
> (commercial/informational) trailers or remove attachments. Same for
> large companies that think adding pseudo legal disclaimers makes any
> difference.
> All these destroy the structure of the email. These are problems that
> e.g. PGP signers noticed long ago.
> 

The same solutions that are used in PGP and S/MIME would be applied 
here, at least the message body itself. Details are still fuzzy...

> Now you can add headers to the sign. Which one would you add?
> Date fields? How many mailservers have broken timezones. How many
> mailservers are offline for 4 hours to 7 days? Add a special tag?
> So what, I use this tag with my faked headers.
> 

In the USEFOR WG in the IETF, the current draft (section 7.1) addresses 
a problem of signing headers in USENET control messages by including a 
special header with the digital signature, and signing only a select set 
of headers. I think that a similar approach would probably be used here, 
but I don't really know for sure. The USEFOR draft can be found at (see 
section 7.1):

http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-usefor-article-12.txt

But your underlying objection is correct - headers get changed and added 
all the time. The question would be whether that will significantly 
affect this scheme and how to deal with it. Signing a select group of 
headers AND requiring MTAs that send signed messages to have those 
headers present might be one way of it.

> And the easiest solution:
> 
> a) get a Yahoo! account
> b) login and send a email to  joe@example.com  with the exact message
>    you want to spam with.
> c) login as joe@example.com and save away the messages.
> d) now you have a totally legal email signed by Yahoo! itself.
> e) $ sendmail -ti [some 10000 addresses] < signed.mail
> 
> Now what problem does signing solve? Ok, it solves the problem for a lot
> of people, but it makes it *really* easy to "legally" spam with messages
> signed by public mail service providers and these are really easy to get ;-))
> 

It is a valid objection - I believe in cryptology this would be called 
"a replay attack". One way of dealing with it is somehow authenticating 
the actual SMTP transaction, which brings us back to LMAP.

I think that the document that Alan was working on, addressing different 
points of the email infrastructure, might be very useful here. Also, it 
might perhaps be useful to create some kind of taxonomy of what we need 
to authenticate and different ways of doing so.

I think that based on all of the discussion here, it looks like all of 
the technical details have either not been fully thought through yet, 
and/or are not being publicly shared. So I guess we'll have to wait 
until they release the full technical specs for the proposal, hopefully 
addressing all of these issues.

Yakov
-------
Yakov Shafranovich / asrg <at> shaftek.org
SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc. / research <at> solidmatrix.com
"Power tends to corrupt, and absolute power corrupts absolutely" (Lord 
Acton)
-------


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To: Alan DeKok <aland@ox.org>
Cc: asrg@ietf.org, asrg-rmx@ntp.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 6. Proposals - Latest version of the LMAP discussion paper
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Date: Tue, 9 Dec 2003 22:47:11 +0100

(Subject adjusted)

On Tue, Dec 09, 2003 at 04:02:07PM -0500, Alan DeKok wrote:
>   Comments and suggestions are welcome.  I have a little more time
> than I had a month ago, so I'm better able to discuss the document.

I am still not really happy with the forwarding issues, especially with

*> 5.1.16 Factor 4.5 (16), Mailing Lists
*>   Most current mailing list software rewrites the MAIL FROM, to permit
*>   bounces to be sent back to the mailing list administrator.  These
*>   lists will be unaffected by LMAP (other than the issues raised above).

This is not true. A lot of MLMs adopt VERP style senders, i.e. they use
    newsletter-bounces-maex=example.org@lists.example.com
This allows tracking of bounces across forwards:
If in the above example
    maex@example.org -> maex@example.net -> joe@example.com
and joe@example.com fails the bounce will go back to
    newsletter-bounces-maex=example.org@lists.example.com
and the bounce handler can easily detect that the failing subscribed address
is maex@example.org and remove that from the list.
This will no longer be possible with LMAP and envelope sender rewriting.

*>   However, commercial and proprietary mail-forwarding
*>   systems alter the sender envelope, and these are by far the most
*>   popular pure mail-forwarding instances.

What numbers can you base the "most popular" on?
Also it is *very* problemativ to alter the sender to the address of the
forwarder:
   a@example.com send message to b@example.com which forwards to
   c@example.org.
Now the mailserver at example.org notices that c@example.org ist over
mail quota. A bounce is sent back to the envelope sender. It is
important that the bounce is a fresh mail with fresh headers. The
original message may (or not) be attached to the bounce.

With the current Mail structure the bounce will go back to
a@example.com. End.

With envelope sender rewriting the bounce will be sent to b@example.com,
which will change the envelope sender to b@example.com and will forward
the message to c@example.org which is over quota so the mailserver will
generate a bounce to b@example.com which will change the ...
I think you get the point.
As the message is a fresh one no loop detection mechanisms will work:
not hop counting, not Delivered-To: checking, not Received: lines matching.

These kind of mailloops can only be broken by admins disabling the
forward from b@example.com to c@example.org, as every new eMail arriving
at b@example.com will trigger the problem immediately again until
c@example.org is working again.

I'm seeing this behaviour with MS Exchange forwarders *very* often with
customers using our mailserver as a relay. This gives me the possibility
to "save" the customer and break the loop. I've seen cases where such a
loop made > 10 GB traffic within an hour.

Forcing users to envelope rewriting will make this kind of errors occur
a lot more often that now, to I think this has to be mentioned as it will
have a large impact on Efficiency, Costs, Reliability.

Also rewriting the sender will stop bounces from being returned to the
real originator after they have been forwarded.

	\Maex

-- 
SpaceNet AG            | Joseph-Dollinger-Bogen 14 | Fon: +49 (89) 32356-0
Research & Development |       D-80807 Muenchen    | Fax: +49 (89) 32356-299
"The security, stability and reliability of a computer system is reciprocally
 proportional to the amount of vacuity between the ears of the admin"

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To: "'Yakov Shafranovich'" <research@solidmatrix.com>,
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Subject: RE: [Asrg] 0. General - Review of the CRI subgroup
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Where we left off was in the process of building an interworking between
two or more interested parties.

I have a general concern around the amount of chatter in this RTF vs
actual work being performed.  It's quite frustrating to produce a
document for the benefit of the group to have it swept aside as
yesterday's news.

I would recommend that we focus on a particular area...maybe even one
document and produce something of value rather than reporting the
spam-evolution du jure.

> -----Original Message-----
> From: asrg-admin@ietf.org [mailto:asrg-admin@ietf.org] On 
> Behalf Of Yakov Shafranovich
> Sent: Monday, December 08, 2003 3:27 PM
> To: ASRG
> Subject: [Asrg] 0. General - Review of the CRI subgroup
> 
> 
> The CRI subgroup was created to work on the development of the CRI 
> proposal to allow C/R systems to communicate. The group 
> public homepage 
> is at:
> 
http://asrg.kavi.com/apps/group_public/workgroup.php?wg_abbrev=cri

The CRI proposal is located at:

http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-irtf-asrg-cri-00.txt

We are currently reviewing this subgroup since it appears to lack enough

interested participants. If you would like to participate in this 
subgroup, have comments on it, or any other questions, please let us 
know. If not enough interest is shown, we intend to shutdown this
subgroup.

Sincerely,
Yakov Shafranovich
Co-Chair, ASRG
-------
Yakov Shafranovich / asrg <at> shaftek.org
SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc. / research <at> solidmatrix.com "Power
tends to corrupt, and absolute power corrupts absolutely" (Lord 
Acton)
-------


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From: "Peter Kay" <peter@titankey.com>
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I did a quick check of the logs/archives in this subgroup and the last
thing I did was to send out a message to the subgroup to pickup the
discussion on using a consistent MAIL-FROM on challenge replies.

http://asrg.kavi.com/apps/org/workgroup/cri/email/archives/msg00005.html

And that was on 10/9.

Yakov then sent a message to map out a plan and that was it.

I agree w/ Eric in that we should reduce chatter and focus on a
deliverable. I was hoping the subgroup would focus on just that. I
generally ignore the general postings because of the chatter level and
tend to look only for [cri] type of stuff.

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Eric Dean [mailto:eric@purespeed.com]=20
> Sent: Tuesday, December 09, 2003 12:02 PM
> To: 'Yakov Shafranovich'; 'ASRG'
> Subject: RE: [Asrg] 0. General - Review of the CRI subgroup
>=20
> Where we left off was in the process of building an=20
> interworking between two or more interested parties.
>=20
> I have a general concern around the amount of chatter in this=20
> RTF vs actual work being performed.  It's quite frustrating=20
> to produce a document for the benefit of the group to have it=20
> swept aside as yesterday's news.
>=20
> I would recommend that we focus on a particular area...maybe=20
> even one document and produce something of value rather than=20
> reporting the spam-evolution du jure.
>=20
> > -----Original Message-----
> > From: asrg-admin@ietf.org [mailto:asrg-admin@ietf.org] On Behalf Of=20
> > Yakov Shafranovich
> > Sent: Monday, December 08, 2003 3:27 PM
> > To: ASRG
> > Subject: [Asrg] 0. General - Review of the CRI subgroup
> >=20
> >=20
> > The CRI subgroup was created to work on the development of the CRI=20
> > proposal to allow C/R systems to communicate. The group public=20
> > homepage is at:
> >=20
> http://asrg.kavi.com/apps/group_public/workgroup.php?wg_abbrev=3Dcri
>=20
> The CRI proposal is located at:
>=20
> http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-irtf-asrg-cri-00.txt
>=20
> We are currently reviewing this subgroup since it appears to=20
> lack enough
>=20
> interested participants. If you would like to participate in=20
> this subgroup, have comments on it, or any other questions,=20
> please let us know. If not enough interest is shown, we=20
> intend to shutdown this subgroup.
>=20
> Sincerely,
> Yakov Shafranovich
> Co-Chair, ASRG
> -------
> Yakov Shafranovich / asrg <at> shaftek.org SolidMatrix=20
> Technologies, Inc. / research <at> solidmatrix.com "Power=20
> tends to corrupt, and absolute power corrupts absolutely" (Lord
> Acton)
> -------
>=20
>=20
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg
>=20
>=20
>=20
> _______________________________________________
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> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg
>=20
>=20
>=20
>=20



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From: "Mark E. Mallett" <mem@mv.mv.com>
To: Alan DeKok <aland@ox.org>
Cc: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 6. Proposals - LMAP - Latest version of the LMAP discussion paper
Message-ID: <20031209222526.GD12584@iridium.mv.net>
References: <200312092102.hB9L27L08496@newgiles.nitros9.org> <3FD63A34.5040905@solidmatrix.com>
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Date: Tue, 9 Dec 2003 17:25:26 -0500

> >http://www.striker.ottawa.on.ca/~aland/draft-irtf-asrg-lmap-discussion-00.txt

Minor wording issues, second to last paragraph in 1.1:

   Note that recipients should also publish that they use/enforce LMAP.
   Receiving mail transport agents using protocols with the ability to
   advertise capabilities should advertise a capability to the sender
   that informs the that the sender that the receiver will check the
                    ^^^^^^^^^

I think "that informs the sender" or more simply "informing the sender"


   incoming IP address with LMAP.  It is to the advantage of all parties
   for a sender that will not be able to pass LMAP authentication to be
   able to discover the fact as early as possible and abort the
   transmission.

The last sentence is very hard to wrap my head around, perhaps partly
because "pass" initially makes me think "transmit" and not "pass vs
fail".  Maybe rearranging would help:

   If LMAP authentication is required by the receiver, it is to the
   benefit of all parties if a non-conforming sender can discover that
   fact early on and abort the transmission.

Sorry if that's too nit-picky, but I ran into a mental stop there.  :-)

mm


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Subject: Re: [Asrg] 6. Proposals - DNS + PKI - Yahoo's "Domain Keys"
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Markus Stumpf wrote:
> 
> Maybe there is anybody on this list with posting priviledges to the NANOG
> list and can ask for a contact to the Yahoo guys in the name of the ASRG?
> 

I will try to get in touch with them.

Yakov
-------
Yakov Shafranovich / asrg <at> shaftek.org
SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc. / research <at> solidmatrix.com
"Power tends to corrupt, and absolute power corrupts absolutely" (Lord 
Acton)
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To: Hector Santos <winserver.support@winserver.com>
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: 6. Proposals: MTA MARK
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Hector Santos wrote:
> In short, is LMAP CAN-SPAM Ready?

In short, LMAP has nothing to do with CAN-SPAM. CAN-SPAM has various
requirements. LMAP would be a good thing regardless of any legislative
approach, because it allows perfect enforcement of a domain's stated policy
without legal support. Perhaps it could boost the efficacy of CAN-SPAM, but 
it doesn't address that in any way, nor should it.

Philip Miller


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Subject: Re: [Asrg] 6. Proposals - DNS + PKI - Yahoo's "Domain Keys"
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References: <20031208183344.1857A16CD1@mail.nitros9.org> <3FD4E090.8000808@solidmatrix.com> <20031209193652.GA76454@Space.Net> <3FD626AC.9010002@solidmatrix.com> <20031209201709.GC76454@Space.Net> <3FD63F28.4020608@solidmatrix.com>
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Date: Tue, 9 Dec 2003 23:15:54 +0100

On Tue, Dec 09, 2003 at 04:31:20PM -0500, Yakov Shafranovich wrote:
> In the USEFOR WG in the IETF, the current draft (section 7.1) addresses 
> a problem of signing headers in USENET control messages by including a 
> special header with the digital signature, and signing only a select set 
> of headers. I think that a similar approach would probably be used here, 
> but I don't really know for sure. The USEFOR draft can be found at (see 
> section 7.1):
> 
> http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-usefor-article-12.txt

I had a look at it.
The only place where they use signing is for control messages. This is
done as described in
   ftp://ftp.isc.org/pub/pgpcontrol/README.html
and it is IMHO not suitable for eMails, at least if they're not end to end.

> But your underlying objection is correct - headers get changed and added 
> all the time. The question would be whether that will significantly 
> affect this scheme and how to deal with it. Signing a select group of 
> headers AND requiring MTAs that send signed messages to have those 
> headers present might be one way of it.

What I see as problem is:

Imagine a header
   X-Signature: mail.example.com; sign=439KJHD9087KJKLHKJ7LKJJLK
Now I can check back with mail.example.com and validate the sign. Fine.
A spammer can now simply use that and it will be ok for everyone.
Now I want more security. Thus I need some variable token. One
possibility would be to use a date and give messages a lifetime.
   X-Signature: mail.example.com; date=20031209-23:06:17; sign=439KJHD9087KJKLHKJ7LKJJLK
Now the signature would be calculated using "mail.example.com" and the
varibale part "20031209-23:06:17". If it matches "439KJHD9087KJKLHKJ7LKJJLK"
the message will be accepted. A spammer can now simply use that very
line and it will be ok for everyone, at least until some expiration
date. However that has to be at least some days to compensate for
poorly configured hosts with wrong times or for message delays on relay
SMTP servers or the like. For a spammer it is rather easy to get a
valid line that is still valid for say 5 days: subscribe to any mailinglist
and the records are delivered right to your mailbox.

I do not believe that anything that depends on signing of headers only can
solve this problem. But without it the approach is useless.
And: it MUST contain the envelope sender address in the signature to
prevent sender forging.
There is no win to know that
   mail.example.com
correctly signed the fact that the email with a sender address of
does.not.exist.and.is.abused.for.spamming@yahoo.com was injected via
mail.example.com. There has to be a relation between mail.example.com
and does.not.exist.and.is.abused.for.spamming@yahoo.com that provides
some kind of authorization for mail.example.com.

> It is a valid objection - I believe in cryptology this would be called 
> "a replay attack". One way of dealing with it is somehow authenticating 
> the actual SMTP transaction, which brings us back to LMAP.

Which is IMHO quite useless, as if the actual SMTP transaction is
between the first hop and the receiver it is clear to whom I am talking
(e.g. from DNS). If it is a multi-hop connection a replay attack is a
piece of cake.

Maybe there is anybody on this list with posting priviledges to the NANOG
list and can ask for a contact to the Yahoo guys in the name of the ASRG?

	\Maex

-- 
SpaceNet AG            | Joseph-Dollinger-Bogen 14 | Fon: +49 (89) 32356-0
Research & Development |       D-80807 Muenchen    | Fax: +49 (89) 32356-299
"The security, stability and reliability of a computer system is reciprocally
 proportional to the amount of vacuity between the ears of the admin"

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Subject: Re: [Asrg] 6. Proposals - DNS + PKI - Yahoo's "Domain Keys"
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----- Original Message ----- 
From: "Yakov Shafranovich" <research@solidmatrix.com>
To: "Markus Stumpf" <maex-lists-spam-ietf-asrg@Space.Net>
>
> I think that based on all of the discussion here, it looks like all of
> the technical details have either not been fully thought through yet,
> and/or are not being publicly shared. So I guess we'll have to wait
> until they release the full technical specs for the proposal, hopefully
> addressing all of these issues.
>

Right, however....

The problem is if  YAHOO is "truly" going to deploy on early 2004, that
really doesn't give anyone any time and more importantly it indicates they
(alliance?) have already "worked something out" and/or they are only truly
interested in stamping their own mail generated and going out their farm and
is telling the world, "hey, our mail headers will have private keys and
whoever supports it will be able to authenticate our mail."   However, what
they are not saying is that HOW that is done and if this going to be
deployed within 1-2 months, they MUST have some arrangement with AOL,
Microsoft and Earthlink.

Worst case paranoid scenario:  In time, once the public hollering quiets
down,  the system is proven to work with the "Alliance."  In the name of
security, the specification is proprietary is only given to certified mail
server developers under a NDA.

Anyway, with all that aside.

It seems to me that this Yahoo proposal is strictly designed around their
DATA validation methodology which in my opinion, minimized its adoption or
deployment effectiveness.  (Which they don't care as long the 4 sisters are
together on it).

Technically,  any private key concept must be applied with a 3+ tier system.
While only 2 end points is all that is required at a minimum,  the trust is
magnified when one or more independent middle wares validates the key during
the route of the message.

This can be illustrated with a trust value table:

Each mail system have different designs, but in general, they have these
components:

    - MUA: Mail Creator
    - MUA: SMTP Sender
    - MTA: SMTP Receiver (can be multiple routes)
    - MTA: SMTP Router (final destination route)
    - MTA: Mail Gateway (final destination storage)
    - MUA: POP3 Client
    - MUA: Mail Reader

It is conceivable at each of these components may be "involved" in the key
validation, including the POP3 server.

Why?

If this system is deployed, application developers can offer new options to
the user, i.e, Outlook mail pickup options:

        [X] Rejected all non-YDK validated mail
        [X] Accept YDK mail with trust value equal or greater than: 8

Give each component a sequential trust value, 1 through 7.   Each component
can add a missing key or validate an existing one.

The trust of a transaction is the summation of the compliant components.

At a minimum, the endpoints yield a trust value of 8 (1+7).
At a maximum, with all components complying,the highest trust value is 28
(1+2+3+4+5+6+7+8)

I don't wish to draw out the total scenarios and trust values, but I wish to
point how I may use to determine where I would add a key to gain a high
trust with minimum compliance.  In this case, it would be the POP3 server,
the final MUA plus one other component.  In our design, since the gateway is
central for all mail formats coming into the system, it may be the best spot
for us. So:

    - MTA: Mail Gateway (final destination storage)
    - MUA: POP3 Client
    - MUA: Mail Reader

with a trust of 18 (5+6+7).

This tells me this is better than having

    - MUA: SMTP Sender
    - MUA: POP3 Client
    - MUA: Mail Reader

with a trust of 15 (2+6+7).

This works for us, because we mail also have:

    - MTA: Mail Gateway (final destination storage)
    - Web Mail Server
    - MUA: Mail Reader (Browser)

or

    - MTA: Mail Gateway (final destination storage)
    - Telnet Mail Server
    - MUA: Mail Reader (Telnet client)

or

    - MTA: Mail Gateway (final destination storage)
    - GUI Mail Server
    - MUA: Mail Reader (GUI client)

etc, etc.

In other words, for YDK, I see this:

1) It assumes mail is received (DATA state).

2) For some systems, it may be best to apply it only at the final
destination component and this may not be a SMTP system but simply a RFC822
compliant system.

3) And that this may be best applied at the POP3 server (mail pickup) level
because it offers end-users new options at the application level.

I believe that any proposal that has its basis with mail content validity
vs. mail sender validity, is not something SMTP should be involved with.
(SMTP should strictly deal with the validation of the transport, like LMAP,
SAP and others.) While SMTP can help the process (such asp non-RFC822 MUA
systems), a proposal that will not have full deployment is simply beating a
dead horse.  With minimum deployment,  this YDK proposal works best at the
endpoints plus the pop3 server which seems to be exactly what YAHOO is doing
with an early 2004 release.

-- Hector






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To: "Eric Dean" <eric@purespeed.com>
cc: "'Yakov Shafranovich'" <research@solidmatrix.com>,
        "'ASRG'" <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 0. General - Review of the CRI subgroup 
In-Reply-To: Message from "Eric Dean" <eric@purespeed.com> 
   of "Tue, 09 Dec 2003 17:02:14 EST." <008401c3bea0$1ad5f460$6401a8c0@sohonotebook> 
References: <008401c3bea0$1ad5f460$6401a8c0@sohonotebook> 
X-face: ?<YUs-cNP1\Oc-H>^_yw@fA`CEX&}--=*&XqXbF-oePvxaT4(kyt\nwM9]{]N!>b^K}-Mb9
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Date: Tue, 09 Dec 2003 18:55:41 -0500

On Tue, 9 Dec 2003 17:02:14 -0500 
Eric Dean <eric@purespeed.com> wrote:

> Where we left off was in the process of building an interworking
> between two or more interested parties.

> I have a general concern around the amount of chatter in this RTF vs
> actual work being performed.  It's quite frustrating to produce a
> document for the benefit of the group to have it swept aside as
> yesterday's news.

I have been absent from this list for some months.  CRI appears to be
based on/inspired by a consent token protocol I noodled in May of this
year:

  http://article.gmane.org/gmane.ietf.asrg/3303

The current CRI protocol has moved away from binding tokens into email
addresses and message IDs apparently on the grounds of mail header
length limits.  However cursory scanning of the archives didn't reveal
identified cases where header length limits would be a problem, or a
clear assertion of why a consent token might need to be long/complex
enough to exceed RFC 2822 header lengths.  Was there a substantial
reason for moving to an abstract MIME type?

More significantly to my mind CRI clouds the distinction between consent
determination/maintenance and challenge/response (C/R is one method of
obtaining consent, but by no means need be the only one).  Was there a
substantial reason for narrowing the problem specification explicitly to
C/R from the more general question of consent definition and
manipulation?

I will have some free cycles in the new year.  If there is interest I'm
willing to move my prior noodles into draft form as well as to assist in
producing a TMDA patch which implements the protocol as a
sample/reference implementation (note that TMDA is a mail filter which
may be used for C/R and which implements a C/R system as a default
case).

-- 
J C Lawrence
---------(*)                Satan, oscillate my metallic sonatas.
claw@kanga.nu               He lived as a devil, eh?
http://www.kanga.nu/~claw/  Evil is a name of a foeman, as I live.

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From: "Hector Santos" <winserver.support@winserver.com>
To: "Philip Miller" <millenix@zemos.net>
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: 6. Proposals: MTA MARK
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Ok, that's the theory.

In practice, developers who will have the ultimate decision to implement or
more suite of proposals, will also need to also consider the marketing
pressure to support what will be the law.  That will be a fact.

If proposal Y covers CAN-SPAM, it will be used over Proposal X which does
not.

Of course, it should be obvious that a proposal that covers CAN-SPAM return
address requirements will also include the proposal (or similar concepts)
that only works at the lower level.

The potential problem I see with any proposal that does not support CAN-SPAM
requirements is that it opens the legal door for CAN-SPAM compliant spammers
to legally sue those systems that are rejecting mail using non-CAN-SPAM
methods.

Again, I have not read the CAN-SPAM bill yet, but I believe I also read
(here) that the bill stated mail systems must be IETF compliant.  No?

If so, that's good, because that means that LMAP is CAN-SPAM ready once the
IETF adds LMAP as a STD specification, not RFC specification.

Remember, CAN-SPAM is a double edge, it places controls and restrictions but
it also gives spammers the legal authority to send spam and if a mail system
is rejecting/filtering mail using non-CAN-SPAM methodologies, it can
potentially opens Pandora's box.

So in short, the answer is LMAP will be "CAN-SPAM Ready" once it is made a
IETF standard.  If it doesn't become a standard, developers, such as myself,
will use need to consider something else that is .   That's the bottom line.

It does look like LMAP has the blessing of many here and will become a
official IETF standard.  So I don't see a problem.

Thanks for your input Phillip.

-- Hector


----- Original Message ----- 
From: "Philip Miller" <millenix@zemos.net>
To: "Hector Santos" <winserver.support@winserver.com>
Cc: <asrg@ietf.org>
Sent: Tuesday, December 09, 2003 5:38 PM
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: 6. Proposals: MTA MARK


> Hector Santos wrote:
> > In short, is LMAP CAN-SPAM Ready?
>
> In short, LMAP has nothing to do with CAN-SPAM. CAN-SPAM has various
> requirements. LMAP would be a good thing regardless of any legislative
> approach, because it allows perfect enforcement of a domain's stated
policy
> without legal support. Perhaps it could boost the efficacy of CAN-SPAM,
but
> it doesn't address that in any way, nor should it.
>
> Philip Miller
>
>



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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: 6. Proposals: MTA MARK
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Date: Wed, 10 Dec 2003 01:12:46 +0100

On Tue, Dec 09, 2003 at 06:55:57PM -0500, Hector Santos wrote:
> Remember, CAN-SPAM is a double edge, it places controls and restrictions but
> it also gives spammers the legal authority to send spam and if a mail system
> is rejecting/filtering mail using non-CAN-SPAM methodologies, it can
> potentially opens Pandora's box.

Please remember that CAN-SPAM (as a law) is totally irrelevant to most of
the world.

    \Maex

-- 
SpaceNet AG            | Joseph-Dollinger-Bogen 14 | Fon: +49 (89) 32356-0
Research & Development |       D-80807 Muenchen    | Fax: +49 (89) 32356-299
"The security, stability and reliability of a computer system is reciprocally
 proportional to the amount of vacuity between the ears of the admin"

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To: Hector Santos <winserver.support@winserver.com>
Cc: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>,
        Markus Stumpf <maex-lists-spam-ietf-asrg@Space.Net>, asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 6. Proposals - DNS + PKI - Yahoo's "Domain Keys"
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Date: Wed, 10 Dec 2003 01:21:11 +0100

On Tue, Dec 09, 2003 at 06:35:00PM -0500, Hector Santos wrote:
> Worst case paranoid scenario:  In time, once the public hollering quiets
> down,  the system is proven to work with the "Alliance."  In the name of
> security, the specification is proprietary is only given to certified mail
> server developers under a NDA.

Perfect. I can't wait to add
    @aol.*
    @yahoo.*
    @msn.*
    @hotmail.*
    ...
to the badmailfrompatterns of our mailservers and get rid of all that crap
that either originates from them or fakes their domains.
And I am sure a lot of others are, too. They're using a proprietary
mail system that I can't send messages to, so why should I accept
message I can't reply to?

The implication is that AOL can spam yahoo and MSN and vice versa but
no one else. This will bring AOL back to the early 90s (or was it later
80s) when they were a large Mailbox. After that they'll be one again, as
will Yahoo and MSN. Where's your problem?

	\Maex

-- 
SpaceNet AG            | Joseph-Dollinger-Bogen 14 | Fon: +49 (89) 32356-0
Research & Development |       D-80807 Muenchen    | Fax: +49 (89) 32356-299
"The security, stability and reliability of a computer system is reciprocally
 proportional to the amount of vacuity between the ears of the admin"

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Subject: Re: [Asrg] 6. Proposals - DNS + PKI - Yahoo's "Domain Keys"
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Date: Tue, 09 Dec 2003 16:28:05 -0800

At 02:15 PM 12/9/2003, Markus Stumpf wrote:
<...>
I'm not making a case that signing is better or worse that
LMAP, SPF, or similar approaches.  I really don't know so
there is no hidden polemic here.  I just have some questions
and comments.


>What I see as problem is:
>
>Imagine a header
>    X-Signature: mail.example.com; sign=439KJHD9087KJKLHKJ7LKJJLK
>Now I can check back with mail.example.com and validate the sign. Fine.
>A spammer can now simply use that and it will be ok for everyone.

A clarification...

           +---------------+             +---------------+
           | UA.o -> MTA.o | -> MTA.i -> | MTA.r -> UA.r |
           +---------------+             +---------------+

Are you saying that MTA.o signed it and a spammer captured
the message and resent it?  Was it resent from MTA.o or from
some other domain or does this not matter?

If the spammer sends from MTA.o, then wouldn't we expect MTA.o
to have a policy to not forward mail that it had previously
signed?

If it comes from some MTA.x then a legitimate MTA.x might
reasonably have a policy of not forwarding mail signed by
some MTA.o unless (1) it has some MTA.i relationship
with MTA.o, which will rarely be the case, and
(2) it was in fact received from MTA.o.

If MTA.x is not legit, then won't MTA.r make a determination
on the validity of the message based on the trust it places
in the signature of MTA.x and not MTA.o?

Mark

>Now I want more security. Thus I need some variable token. One
>possibility would be to use a date and give messages a lifetime.
>    X-Signature: mail.example.com; date=20031209-23:06:17; 
> sign=439KJHD9087KJKLHKJ7LKJJLK
>Now the signature would be calculated using "mail.example.com" and the
>varibale part "20031209-23:06:17". If it matches "439KJHD9087KJKLHKJ7LKJJLK"
>the message will be accepted. A spammer can now simply use that very
>line and it will be ok for everyone, at least until some expiration
>date. However that has to be at least some days to compensate for
>poorly configured hosts with wrong times or for message delays on relay
>SMTP servers or the like. For a spammer it is rather easy to get a
>valid line that is still valid for say 5 days: subscribe to any mailinglist
>and the records are delivered right to your mailbox.
>
>I do not believe that anything that depends on signing of headers only can
>solve this problem. But without it the approach is useless.
>And: it MUST contain the envelope sender address in the signature to
>prevent sender forging.
>There is no win to know that
>    mail.example.com
>correctly signed the fact that the email with a sender address of
>does.not.exist.and.is.abused.for.spamming@yahoo.com was injected via
>mail.example.com. There has to be a relation between mail.example.com
>and does.not.exist.and.is.abused.for.spamming@yahoo.com that provides
>some kind of authorization for mail.example.com.
>
> > It is a valid objection - I believe in cryptology this would be called
> > "a replay attack". One way of dealing with it is somehow authenticating
> > the actual SMTP transaction, which brings us back to LMAP.
>
>Which is IMHO quite useless, as if the actual SMTP transaction is
>between the first hop and the receiver it is clear to whom I am talking
>(e.g. from DNS). If it is a multi-hop connection a replay attack is a
>piece of cake.
>
>Maybe there is anybody on this list with posting priviledges to the NANOG
>list and can ask for a contact to the Yahoo guys in the name of the ASRG?
>
>         \Maex
>
>--
>SpaceNet AG            | Joseph-Dollinger-Bogen 14 | Fon: +49 (89) 32356-0
>Research & Development |       D-80807 Muenchen    | Fax: +49 (89) 32356-299
>"The security, stability and reliability of a computer system is reciprocally
>  proportional to the amount of vacuity between the ears of the admin"
>
>_______________________________________________
>Asrg mailing list
>Asrg@ietf.org
>https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg



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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: 6. Proposals: MTA MARK
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----- Original Message ----- 
From: "Markus Stumpf" <maex-lists-spam-ietf-asrg@Space.Net>
To: "Hector Santos" <winserver.support@winserver.com>
Cc: "Philip Miller" <millenix@zemos.net>; <asrg@ietf.org>
Sent: Tuesday, December 09, 2003 7:12 PM
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: 6. Proposals: MTA MARK


> On Tue, Dec 09, 2003 at 06:55:57PM -0500, Hector Santos wrote:
> > Remember, CAN-SPAM is a double edge, it places controls and restrictions
but
> > it also gives spammers the legal authority to send spam and if a mail
system
> > is rejecting/filtering mail using non-CAN-SPAM methodologies, it can
> > potentially opens Pandora's box.
>
> Please remember that CAN-SPAM (as a law) is totally irrelevant to most of
> the world.

That goes without saying.

But that does not mean foreign mail coming into the US can not be subject to
legal restrictive access.   It just means a foreign non-compliant sytem
would not (or more difficult) to be subject to penalties or charged with a
crime.  By the same token, it may be that a foreign compliant system have
less or no rights to sue anyone in the states for blocking mail using
non-compliant methods. :-)

-- Hector



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Date: Wed, 10 Dec 2003 02:20:41 +0100

On Tue, Dec 09, 2003 at 04:28:05PM -0800, Mark Baugher wrote:
> A clarification...
> 
>           +---------------+             +---------------+
>           | UA.o -> MTA.o | -> MTA.i -> | MTA.r -> UA.r |
>           +---------------+             +---------------+
> 
> Are you saying that MTA.o signed it and a spammer captured
> the message and resent it?  Was it resent from MTA.o or from
> some other domain or does this not matter?

You don't need to capture.
The problem I addressed is "what to sign" to make it impossible to steal
the signing and use it in another context.
E.g. the message to the list I am replying to has headers:

Received: from mbaugher-w2k07.cisco.com (sjc-vpn3-38.cisco.com [10.21.64.38])
        by sj-core-4.cisco.com (8.12.6/8.12.6) with ESMTP id hBA0S6iO027174;
        Tue, 9 Dec 2003 16:28:07 -0800 (PST)
Message-Id: <6.0.0.22.2.20031209161256.03afcbd0@mira-sjc5-6.cisco.com>

Both header lines are (or should be and probably are) unique. So you now
could use them, build a checksum, sign it with your private key and get
something like 'JK807JK8JK90KLKL'. Now you add a Header like
   X-Signature: sj-core-4.cisco.com; sign='JK807JK8JK90KLKL'
I can now (as the recipient) lookup your public key and validate,
whether the above two lines match the signature in the X-Signature:
line. So far so good.

But now, what stops a spammer from copying the two lines and the
X-Signature line and create a new email useing the stolen headers
like:

Received: from sj-core-4.cisco.com
	by mail.example.net with ESMTP id 1234567890;
	Wed, 10 Dec 02:02:32 +0100 (CEST)
X-Signature: mail.example.com; sign='908865KJGLSD0987'
Received: from mbaugher-w2k07.cisco.com (sjc-vpn3-38.cisco.com [10.21.64.38])
        by sj-core-4.cisco.com (8.12.6/8.12.6) with ESMTP id hBA0S6iO027174;
        Tue, 9 Dec 2003 16:28:07 -0800 (PST)
Message-Id: <6.0.0.22.2.20031209161256.03afcbd0@mira-sjc5-6.cisco.com>
X-Signature: sj-core-4.cisco.com; sign='JK807JK8JK90KLKL'

How would you know that the message NOT really originated (or was sent
via) sj-core-4.cisco.com?

As a lot of software modifies/replaces/deletes both the message headers
and the message bodies you can't simply base your digest and signature
on this information.

> If the spammer sends from MTA.o, then wouldn't we expect MTA.o
> to have a policy to not forward mail that it had previously
> signed?

No. Why?
If I get an eMail from a friend with an address at a public mail service
provider (aka freemail) and think it is funny, why should it not be
possible to bounce the message on to another friend at the same freemail
provider as the original sender? Or think of simple addresslists ...
   cat >> .forward   (for jokes@example.net)
   joe@example.com
   jane@example.com
   jill@example.org
Now bert@example.org sends mail to jokes@example.net and the mail will
go back to the originating system to jill@example.org.

> If it comes from some MTA.x then a legitimate MTA.x might
> reasonably have a policy of not forwarding mail signed by
> some MTA.o unless (1) it has some MTA.i relationship
> with MTA.o, which will rarely be the case, and

How can you detect relationships between MTA.x and MTA.i? What do you
mean with relationships between MTA.x and MTA.i?

> (2) it was in fact received from MTA.o.

To determine this is the problem ;-)

> If MTA.x is not legit, then won't MTA.r make a determination
> on the validity of the message based on the trust it places
> in the signature of MTA.x and not MTA.o?

How do you determine that "MTA.x is not legit"?
Is  dsl081-084-010.lax1.dsl.speakeasy.net  [64.81.84.10]  legit if it
can provide a certificate? What must be the object of the certificate
(sorry I don't know the correct english word, what is it that is
certified? Is it the name? is it the IP address?) If it tries to inject
an email with an envelope sender joe@example.com and a recipient address
in your domain and it has a legit certificate (whatever that means)
how can you determine if the message really originated at MTA.o?

Yahoo's answer would be "look at the signature", but we've seen above
that it is hard to put a signature in a email and making it secure
and not stealable.

	\Maex

-- 
SpaceNet AG            | Joseph-Dollinger-Bogen 14 | Fon: +49 (89) 32356-0
Research & Development |       D-80807 Muenchen    | Fax: +49 (89) 32356-299
"The security, stability and reliability of a computer system is reciprocally
 proportional to the amount of vacuity between the ears of the admin"

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From: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 6. Proposals - DNS + PKI - Yahoo's "Domain Keys"
In-reply-to: <20031209221554.GH76454@Space.Net>
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Date: Wed, 10 Dec 2003 00:51:55 -0500
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Markus Stumpf wrote:
> On Tue, Dec 09, 2003 at 04:31:20PM -0500, Yakov Shafranovich wrote:
[..]
>>But your underlying objection is correct - headers get changed and added 
>>all the time. The question would be whether that will significantly 
>>affect this scheme and how to deal with it. Signing a select group of 
>>headers AND requiring MTAs that send signed messages to have those 
>>headers present might be one way of it.
> 
> 
> What I see as problem is:
> 
> Imagine a header
>    X-Signature: mail.example.com; sign=439KJHD9087KJKLHKJ7LKJJLK
> Now I can check back with mail.example.com and validate the sign. Fine.
> A spammer can now simply use that and it will be ok for everyone.
> Now I want more security. Thus I need some variable token. One
> possibility would be to use a date and give messages a lifetime.
>    X-Signature: mail.example.com; date=20031209-23:06:17; sign=439KJHD9087KJKLHKJ7LKJJLK
> Now the signature would be calculated using "mail.example.com" and the
> varibale part "20031209-23:06:17". If it matches "439KJHD9087KJKLHKJ7LKJJLK"
> the message will be accepted. A spammer can now simply use that very
> line and it will be ok for everyone, at least until some expiration
> date. However that has to be at least some days to compensate for
> poorly configured hosts with wrong times or for message delays on relay
> SMTP servers or the like. For a spammer it is rather easy to get a
> valid line that is still valid for say 5 days: subscribe to any mailinglist
> and the records are delivered right to your mailbox.
> 

Lets say that a spammer does do a replay attack. Wouldn't signing the 
message (body and headers) force the spammers to be able to send 
identical spams if they want them to appear to come from that domain? 
Wouldn't that also mean that systems that rely on identical spam content 
such as DCC, would be able to catch the spams easier?

What it seems to me now, is that this proposal is not meant to be by 
itself, it rather addresses only certain points and tricks that spammers 
use. But cutting away the ability to joe-job a site unless you want to 
send all of your messages as identical, would definatly help some what.

Yakov
-------
Yakov Shafranovich / asrg <at> shaftek.org
SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc. / research <at> solidmatrix.com
"I ate your Web page. / Forgive me. It was juicy / And tart on my 
tongue." (MIT's 404 Message)
-------


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Comments: In reply to "Hector Santos" <winserver.support@winserver.com>
        "Re: [Asrg] Re: 6. Proposals: MTA MARK" (Dec  9,  6:55pm)
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Date: Wed, 10 Dec 2003 07:07:01 +0000

I am not a lawyer, but as it happens, I _have_ read the CAN-SPAM bill.
You can look at it here:

    http://www.spamlaws.com/federal/108s877.html

On Dec 9,  6:55pm, Hector Santos wrote:
}
} If proposal Y covers CAN-SPAM, it will be used over Proposal X which
} does not.

It doesn't really make sense to discuss technical changes to MUAs or MTAs
in the context of CAN-SPAM Act "return address requirements."  The main
thrust of the Act prohibits senders from using false or misleading header
information.  A secondary provision is that unsolicted commercial messages
must have a working opt-out mechanism -- which includes "other Internet-
based" mechanisms, as well as the return address.

In other words, the Act does NOT require the return address to be valid
as long as there's some other obvious way to ask the sender to stop.
There's even an explicit provision saying that temporary failure of the
reply mechanism is not considered a violation of the Act.

And the requirements have absolutely no bearing on any message that does
not fall within the Act's definition of "commercial."

} The potential problem I see with any proposal that does not support
} CAN-SPAM requirements is that it opens the legal door for CAN-SPAM
} compliant spammers to legally sue those systems that are rejecting
} mail using non-CAN-SPAM methods.

Baseless FUD.  Secion 8 of the Act:

>        * (c) NO EFFECT ON POLICIES OF PROVIDERS OF INTERNET ACCESS
>          SERVICE- Nothing in this Act shall be construed to have any
>          effect on the lawfulness or unlawfulness, under any other
>          provision of law, of the adoption, implementation, or
>          enforcement by a provider of Internet access service of a
>          policy of declining to transmit, route, relay, handle, or store
>          certain types of electronic mail messages.

} Again, I have not read the CAN-SPAM bill yet, but I believe I also
} read (here) that the bill stated mail systems must be IETF compliant.
} No?

No.  Here's the actual language ("The Commission" is the FTC):

>        * The Commission shall transmit to the Senate Committee on
>          Commerce, Science, and Transportation and the House of
>          Representatives Committee on Energy and Commerce--
[...]
>             * (2) a report, within 18 months after the date of enactment
>               of this Act, that sets forth a plan for requiring
>               commercial electronic mail to be identifiable from its
>               subject line, by means of compliance with Internet
>               Engineering Task Force Standards, the use of the
>               characters `ADV' in the subject line, or other comparable
>               identifier, or an explanation of any concerns the
>               Commission has that cause the Commission to recommend
>               against the plan. *

That's the ONLY reference to the IETF in the Act.  It places requirements
on the FTC report, not on mail systems.
 
} Remember, CAN-SPAM is a double edge, it places controls and
} restrictions but it also gives spammers the legal authority to
} send spam and if a mail system is rejecting/filtering mail using
} non-CAN-SPAM methodologies, it can potentially opens Pandora's box.

Again, I think you're speaking based on a misconception.  CAN-SPAM may
have several edges, but this is not one of them.

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From: Fridrik Skulason <frisk@f-prot.com>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: 6. Proposals: MTA MARK
Message-ID: <20031210092131.GO6117@f-prot.com>
References: <20031209181028.D8D8216FAC@mail.nitros9.org> <00ed01c3be87$15f0c970$6401a8c0@FAMILY> <3FD64EF9.9060509@zemos.net> <01c201c3beaf$fe7aa2b0$6401a8c0@FAMILY> <20031210001246.GB96487@Space.Net>
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Date: Wed, 10 Dec 2003 09:21:31 +0000

> Please remember that CAN-SPAM (as a law) is totally irrelevant to most of
> the world.

Unfortunately that's not quite the case.  The law may make it more difficult for
people outside the US to stop spammers operating from the US.  There are also
potential problems for non-US suppliers of anti-spam software and solutions,
trying to sell their software in the US.

-- 
Fridrik Skulason   Frisk Software International   phone: +354-540-7400
Author of F-PROT   E-mail: frisk@f-prot.com       fax:   +354-540-7401

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From: Fridrik Skulason <frisk@f-prot.com>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 6. Proposals - DNS + PKI - Yahoo's "Domain Keys"
Message-ID: <20031210095821.GA12689@f-prot.com>
References: <20031208183344.1857A16CD1@mail.nitros9.org> <3FD4E090.8000808@solidmatrix.com> <20031209193652.GA76454@Space.Net> <3FD626AC.9010002@solidmatrix.com> <20031209201709.GC76454@Space.Net> <3FD63F28.4020608@solidmatrix.com> <20031209221554.GH76454@Space.Net> <3FD6B47B.8000703@solidmatrix.com>
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Date: Wed, 10 Dec 2003 09:58:21 +0000

> What it seems to me now, is that this proposal is not meant to be by 
> itself, it rather addresses only certain points and tricks that spammers 
> use. But cutting away the ability to joe-job a site unless you want to 
> send all of your messages as identical, would definatly help some what.

But it doesn't even do that - a "replay" does not have to involve just
a single message, but rather a large number of similar messages.

Consider this scenario:

   A spammer gets an account at yahoo.com and sends (to some throwaway.com
   address) a few thousand almost identical messages, each of which gets
   properly signed by Yahoo.

   Then throwaway.com starts spamming those messages, with Yahoo's
   signature, and the headers faked to make it look like the message
   comes from Yahoo ... sure, the IP number does not belong to Yahoo,
   but unless you have something like LMAP you are out of luck in that
   respect.

   Of course the spammer takes certain precautions, such as not sending 
   the same variant of the message twice to the same domain - thus 
   trying to reduce the chance of anyone noticing two *identical* 
   messages.

Or am I missing something?

-- 
Fridrik Skulason   Frisk Software International   phone: +354-540-7400
Author of F-PROT   E-mail: frisk@f-prot.com       fax:   +354-540-7401

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From: "Jon Kyme" <jrk@merseymail.com>
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Subject: [Asrg] 0. General - spammers owning php/apache
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Date: Wed, 10 Dec 2003 10:02:21 +0000

FYI and in case you haven't seen this yet:
"detailing how spammers r00ted an Apache server, and used it to send"

http://www.securityfocus.com/guest/24043





--

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From: "Tomi Panula-Ontto" <tomi@panula-ont.to>
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: 6. Proposals: MTA MARK 
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Alan DeKok wrote:
----- Original Message ----- 
From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@ox.org>
To: <asrg@ietf.org>
Sent: Tuesday, December 09, 2003 8:10 PM
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: 6. Proposals: MTA MARK


> "Tomi Panula-Ontto" <tomi@panula-ont.to> wrote:
> > LMAP is based on two concepts: publication of policy by a domain, and
> > application of that policy by a recipient MTA.
>
>   Exactly.
>
> > I fear that LMAP doesn't address the problem. Why so?
> > Who can prevent spammers from stealing credit cards and
> > registering thousands of domains to use in their spamming
> > business?
>
>   Law enforcement.  Theft of credit cards isn't an issue we can solve
> in the network.

Yes.. but spam generated from these domains is something we
can solve. What I mean is: Domains are simple and easy to register.
In simply few hours one is able to register a domain and setup
it for spamming. Networks are different thing. It isn't that easy
to register a C-block for your company and set it up.
We need to secure the network [to protect ourselves and others],
not just domains.


>   Right now, much of spammers behaviour is already illegal.  LMAP
> makes it more likely for them to engage in more illegal behaviour.
> This makes them easier to catch, and gives law enforcement more
> inducement to catch them.

In the detailed story of compromised server [link posted by Jon Kyme], there
are couple of countries ilvolved. At least Russia, Germany and Portugal are
mentioned.
(Here is the link http://www.securityfocus.com/guest/24043)

Not knowing in which country the spammer actually operates,
it'll be damn hard job for the law enforcement to catch up with
these guys. And it usually requires that the company, whose computers
are compromised, must make report of an offence. Usually [in my
experience] companies don't want bad publicity. Their reputation is
at stake. So, if companies don't want to make it official, how can
the law enforcement ever catch up with them?


>   It also gives registrars more inducement to do sanity checking on
> registration, if large percentages of registrations are found to be
> fraudulent & criminal.

Theft of credit cards is just an example. They can as well buy the
domains legally. It really depends how much money they are making.


Tomi




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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: 6. Proposals: MTA MARK
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Yakov Shafranovich wrote:
----- Original Message ----- 
From: "Yakov Shafranovich" <research@solidmatrix.com>
To: "Tomi Panula-Ontto" <tomi@panula-ont.to>
Cc: <asrg@ietf.org>
Sent: Tuesday, December 09, 2003 10:03 PM
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: 6. Proposals: MTA MARK


> Tomi Panula-Ontto wrote:
> [..]
> > I don't know how spammers operate, but they really seem quite
> > professional at it, since whenever I have added a new RBL
> > sources to my blacklisting MTA the amount of spam is reduced
> > only for few days or perhaps weeks. Pretty soon, they are able
> > to reroute whole damn thing and we are back on the same level
> > we started from.
> >
> > And they are doing the very same thing in message headers,
> > the message itself. They are trying to keep ahead of the spam
> > prevention and they're really doing pretty good job there.
> > They get their living out of it.
> >
> > Do you really think they would not do it for LMAP? Or any
> > other means? Of course they will. As long as they can.
> > If there are easy, and relatively cheap ways to circumvent
> > a problem, then they'll do it.
> >
>
> If spam can be looked at as a disease than RBLs are treating the
> symptoms by listing IPs that are likely to abuse the network. LMAP, MTA
> MARK and related proposals are more geared towards treating the causes
> of the disease by addressing some of the architechtural issues on the
> Internet that allow spam to proliferate. For example, spammers are free
> to forge the MAIL FROM address with any domain in place. LMAP addresses
> this forgery issue forcing spammers to use their own domains. MTA MARK
> addresses the issue of hijacked computers being used for sending spam.

True, but actually, MTAMark and ReverseMX don't address the issue of
hijacked computers completely. It merely changes the situation so that
the hijacked computer will not take direct connections to the receiving
MTAs,
but instead spammers must try
a) to make the hijacked computers send messages via registered MTA for that
network
b) hijack the dns server (to register that hijacked computer)
c) hijack the registered MTA
d) any ideas?

Anyway, it'll limit their possibilities and will target their efforts
on compromising the MTAs, workstations and DNS servers.

> All of these simply reduce the freedom that spammers currently have to
> do their deeds. With that freedom reduced spammers will be left with
> less methods to be used, all of which would allow greater traceability.
> Combined with proper law enforcement, cooperating ISPs, and registrars,
> this can help reduce the problem by tracing spam to the real world.

One interesting point.. since spammers are knowledgeable and follow
their time - they are propably reading this list, too. Either archived
version
or the subscribed one. I wonder if any of the subscribers or IP addresses
in the list archive weblog can be tracked to spammers...

I don't mean to offend anyone, I just wonder what kind of security
additions they would suggest.





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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: 6. Proposals: MTA MARK
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From: David Maxwell <david@crlf.net>
To: Tomi Panula-Ontto <tomi@panula-ont.to>
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: 6. Proposals: MTA MARK
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References: <00e001c3b5ac$ab5f55a0$6400a8c0@INTRA.KOODIA.FI> <3FC78099.8080409@elvey.com> <004c01c3b650$60c77870$0323a8c0@Jimiboy> <3FC92518.2020604@elvey.com> <008e01c3b81b$53cbaa70$6400a8c0@INTRA.KOODIA.FI> <3FD2079B.80106@elvey.com> <009a01c3be43$5d74fc60$6400a8c0@INTRA.KOODIA.FI> <3FD62AA0.8000606@solidmatrix.com> <009501c3bf1c$4a00c5e0$6400a8c0@INTRA.KOODIA.FI>
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Date: Wed, 10 Dec 2003 14:16:34 -0500

On Wed, Dec 10, 2003 at 02:51:11PM +0200, Tomi Panula-Ontto wrote:
> True, but actually, MTAMark and ReverseMX don't address the issue of
> hijacked computers completely. It merely changes the situation so that
> the hijacked computer will not take direct connections to the receiving
> MTAs,
> but instead spammers must try
> a) to make the hijacked computers send messages via registered MTA for that
> network
> b) hijack the dns server (to register that hijacked computer)
> c) hijack the registered MTA
> d) any ideas?
> 
> Anyway, it'll limit their possibilities and will target their efforts
> on compromising the MTAs, workstations and DNS servers.

The key is:

MUA running machines are maintained by end-users.
MTA/DNS running machines are maintained by network administrators.

The MTA/DNS machines are likely to be orders of magnitude more safe from
attacks, due to correct configuration, choice of OS, up to date patch
sets...

-- 
David Maxwell, david@vex.net|david@maxwell.net -->
Net Musing #5: Redundancy in a network doesn't mean two of everything and
half the staff to run it.
					      - Tomas T. Peiser, CET      


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Subject: [Asrg] 6. Proposals: MTA MARK   vs port 25 filtering?
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Date: Wed, 10 Dec 2003 14:19:43 -0500


One question I have about MTAMark - how does its effect differ from the
effect of blocking outbound port 25 (other than from authorized MTAs)?

In one way, port blocking is better, since it requires no implementation
on the recipient's side. However, MTAMark would give the recipient the
responsibility for the consent decision.

-- 
David Maxwell, david@vex.net|david@maxwell.net --> Although some of you out
there might find a microwave oven controlled by a Unix system an attractive
idea, controlling a microwave oven is easily accomplished with the smallest
of microcontrollers. - Russ Hersch - (Microcontroller primer and FAQ)


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From: "Eric Dean" <eric@purespeed.com>
To: "'J C Lawrence'" <claw@kanga.nu>
Cc: "'Yakov Shafranovich'" <research@solidmatrix.com>,
        "'ASRG'" <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] 0. General - Review of the CRI subgroup 
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Date: Wed, 10 Dec 2003 14:21:39 -0500
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Yes, there is a general consensus that consent-based methods are
prefered; however, CRI is low hanging fruit and can be used to validate
some assumptions of consent-based.  In short, CRI is a subset of
consent-based...but a bit more widely deployed (though not much)

If you are willing to hack code..so am I.

> -----Original Message-----
> From: asrg-admin@ietf.org [mailto:asrg-admin@ietf.org] On 
> Behalf Of J C Lawrence
> Sent: Tuesday, December 09, 2003 6:56 PM
> To: Eric Dean
> Cc: 'Yakov Shafranovich'; 'ASRG'
> Subject: Re: [Asrg] 0. General - Review of the CRI subgroup 
> 
> 
> On Tue, 9 Dec 2003 17:02:14 -0500 
> Eric Dean <eric@purespeed.com> wrote:
> 
> > Where we left off was in the process of building an interworking 
> > between two or more interested parties.
> 
> > I have a general concern around the amount of chatter in 
> this RTF vs 
> > actual work being performed.  It's quite frustrating to produce a 
> > document for the benefit of the group to have it swept aside as 
> > yesterday's news.
> 
> I have been absent from this list for some months.  CRI 
> appears to be based on/inspired by a consent token protocol I 
> noodled in May of this
> year:
> 
  http://article.gmane.org/gmane.ietf.asrg/3303

The current CRI protocol has moved away from binding tokens into email
addresses and message IDs apparently on the grounds of mail header
length limits.  However cursory scanning of the archives didn't reveal
identified cases where header length limits would be a problem, or a
clear assertion of why a consent token might need to be long/complex
enough to exceed RFC 2822 header lengths.  Was there a substantial
reason for moving to an abstract MIME type?

More significantly to my mind CRI clouds the distinction between consent
determination/maintenance and challenge/response (C/R is one method of
obtaining consent, but by no means need be the only one).  Was there a
substantial reason for narrowing the problem specification explicitly to
C/R from the more general question of consent definition and
manipulation?

I will have some free cycles in the new year.  If there is interest I'm
willing to move my prior noodles into draft form as well as to assist in
producing a TMDA patch which implements the protocol as a
sample/reference implementation (note that TMDA is a mail filter which
may be used for C/R and which implements a C/R system as a default
case).

-- 
J C Lawrence
---------(*)                Satan, oscillate my metallic sonatas.
claw@kanga.nu               He lived as a devil, eh?
http://www.kanga.nu/~claw/  Evil is a name of a foeman, as I live.

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From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@ox.org>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 6. Proposals: MTA MARK vs port 25 filtering? 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Wed, 10 Dec 2003 14:19:43 EST."
             <20031210191943.GK29673@mail> 
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Date: Wed, 10 Dec 2003 14:55:06 -0500

David Maxwell <david@crlf.net> wrote:
> One question I have about MTAMark - how does its effect differ from the
> effect of blocking outbound port 25 (other than from authorized MTAs)?

  Source filtering is more network friendly than recipient filtering.

> In one way, port blocking is better, since it requires no implementation
> on the recipient's side. However, MTAMark would give the recipient the
> responsibility for the consent decision.

  The benefit of port blocking is that it makes a local network
responsible for it's own behaviour.  The problem is that there are
currently few options deployed to work around port blocking.  (SUBMIT?
Who uses that?)

  The benefit of MTAMark is that it allows roaming users to continue
to use 10-year old protocols and behaviours, so long as the recipient
chooses to ignore MTAMark.  This works if the recipient can
authenticate the roaming user.

  The problem of MTAMark is that it pushes responsibility for the
traffic onto the recipient.  Broken senders can still flood the
network with garbage, so long as the recipient is smart enough to
throw it away.

  Alan DeKok.

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To: David Maxwell <david@crlf.net>
Cc: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 6. Proposals: MTA MARK   vs port 25 filtering?
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Date: Wed, 10 Dec 2003 21:05:18 +0100

On Wed, Dec 10, 2003 at 02:19:43PM -0500, David Maxwell wrote:
> One question I have about MTAMark - how does its effect differ from the
> effect of blocking outbound port 25 (other than from authorized MTAs)?

Blocking ports can only be done in Routers or Firewalls.
1) Such rules, especially with a lot of exceptions are very expensive
   in terms of CPU cycles. So as e.g. an ISP you don't want to put a port 25
   filter in your border routers and then maintain exception lists.
   Routers and Firewalls have to be really fast, you don't want to poke
   holes in easy and fast rules unless it is absolutely necessary.
2) Lists like that have to be maintained by rather highly skilled personnel.
   Customer-Interfaces to DNS management are widely deployed and can
   easily be adopted to give customers the ability to maintain their
   revDNS structure. For MTA MARK this can be as easy as giving the
   customer a list of IP-addresses with checkboxes "is an MTA yes/no".
   This is a big difference in skills as compared to adding rules to
   the firewall or router.
3) You need the hardware/software capable of doing the blocking, so this
   is also a cost factor.
4) If you are running a small business or a workstation the firewall might
   be useless, as an attacker that gains admin priviledges can also
   disable the firewall. Accessing the DNS configuration at your ISP will
   not be as easy.
5) With MTA MARK I as a receiver know what the intention of the
   maintainer of the IP space is. With a port 25 block not being there I
   don't know if it is on purpose or if it is a mistake.
6) If it can be solved with port 25 filtering this would be great. But
   the technique to do it is there for years. Why is spam still a problem?

	\Maex


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From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@ox.org>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 6. Proposals: MTA MARK vs port 25 filtering? 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Wed, 10 Dec 2003 21:05:18 +0100."
             <20031210200518.GA34693@Space.Net> 
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Date: Wed, 10 Dec 2003 16:43:44 -0500

Markus Stumpf <maex-lists-spam-ietf-asrg@Space.Net> wrote:
> 3) You need the hardware/software capable of doing the blocking, so this
>    is also a cost factor.

  Nonsense.

  Then the recipient has to do that blocking.  Why offload costs from
the sender to the recipient?

  I admit it's a great business model for ISP's: Send gigabytes of
crap onto the backbone, because it's cheaper to let someone else deal
with it, than to fix your own network.

  The problem is that spammers have exactly the same business model,
and we already know it's unethical.

> 5) With MTA MARK I as a receiver know what the intention of the
>    maintainer of the IP space is. With a port 25 block not being there I
>    don't know if it is on purpose or if it is a mistake.

  Publication of site policy is definitely a good thing.

> 6) If it can be solved with port 25 filtering this would be great. But
>    the technique to do it is there for years. Why is spam still a problem?

  Because of the people who DON'T block port 25.  Moving to MTAMark
will have the same deployment issues.

  Alan DeKok.

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From: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: 6. Proposals: MTA MARK
In-reply-to: <20031210191634.GJ29673@mail>
To: David Maxwell <david@crlf.net>
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David Maxwell wrote:

> On Wed, Dec 10, 2003 at 02:51:11PM +0200, Tomi Panula-Ontto wrote:
> 
>>True, but actually, MTAMark and ReverseMX don't address the issue of
>>hijacked computers completely. It merely changes the situation so that
>>the hijacked computer will not take direct connections to the receiving
>>MTAs,
>>but instead spammers must try
>>a) to make the hijacked computers send messages via registered MTA for that
>>network
>>b) hijack the dns server (to register that hijacked computer)
>>c) hijack the registered MTA
>>d) any ideas?
>>
>>Anyway, it'll limit their possibilities and will target their efforts
>>on compromising the MTAs, workstations and DNS servers.
> 
> 
> The key is:
> 
> MUA running machines are maintained by end-users.
> MTA/DNS running machines are maintained by network administrators.
> 
> The MTA/DNS machines are likely to be orders of magnitude more safe from
> attacks, due to correct configuration, choice of OS, up to date patch
> sets...
> 

There are also things like rate limiting which can help with the ISP's 
MTA. As for DNS threats, if the DNS system begins to get attacked, this 
will provide an incentive towards securing it (via DNSSEC, or some other 
way). Threats to DNS is not really within our scope, and is being 
handled by one of the DNS WGs.

But you are correct in stating that spammers will seek other means, and 
their unholy alliance with virus/worm writers, as well as hackers, will 
definatly increase in size. This is something that general network 
security folks have to worry about, and is out of the scope for this.

Nevertheless, this issue should be mentioned in some document, so we are 
aware of it, but it is not a reason against implementing something.

Yakov

-------
Yakov Shafranovich / asrg <at> shaftek.org
SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc. / research <at> solidmatrix.com
"They that can give up essential liberty to obtain a little temporary 
safety deserve neither liberty nor safety" (Benjamin Franklin)
-------


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To: Alan DeKok <aland@ox.org>
Cc: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 6. Proposals: MTA MARK vs port 25 filtering?
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Date: Wed, 10 Dec 2003 23:35:01 +0100

On Wed, Dec 10, 2003 at 04:43:44PM -0500, Alan DeKok wrote:
> Markus Stumpf <maex-lists-spam-ietf-asrg@Space.Net> wrote:
> > 3) You need the hardware/software capable of doing the blocking, so this
> >    is also a cost factor.
> 
>   Nonsense.
> 
>   Then the recipient has to do that blocking.  Why offload costs from
> the sender to the recipient?

Sorry, I wasn't clear.
There are two possible and effective points where to filter, they don't
need to be disjoint
a) at the borders of the ISP
b) at he gate to the customer
The cost factor is high for endusers and small companies. With customers
complaining about unacceptable costs for 20 USD DSL flatrates it may be
hard to argue: you have to buy a firewall of vendor X and pay 3000 USD
else you won't get access.

>   I admit it's a great business model for ISP's: Send gigabytes of
> crap onto the backbone, because it's cheaper to let someone else deal
> with it, than to fix your own network.

I am working at an ISP. Our contracts with our customers say that we
deliver Internet from our borders to the gate at the customer and vice
versa.
We cannot start blocking ports as we like. We can't even block spamming
hosts on our customer mailstores - unless they serverly damage operating
of that mailstores.

>   The problem is that spammers have exactly the same business model,
> and we already know it's unethical.

I can't see what is ethical with censorship. According to our contract
they have free and uncensored access to the Internet. We have an AUP that
forbids certain activities and we can terminate the contract immediately.
One of those things is spamming and we did terminate contracts with
spammers in the past and will do in the future.

Things may be different if you sell DSL surf accounts. Then you could
add paragraphs to your contract and tell your customers that you will
not allow connections to port 25 in either direction.
With the deployment of SRV records and with the possibility to run
SMTP server on other ports than 25 wide spread of such policies will
quickly make them useless. Then they will do SMTP over HTTP.


> > 6) If it can be solved with port 25 filtering this would be great. But
> >    the technique to do it is there for years. Why is spam still a problem?
> 
>   Because of the people who DON'T block port 25.  Moving to MTAMark
> will have the same deployment issues.

MTA MARK will make it possible to block a service originating from an IP
address, regardless which port it is run on but will also make it
possible for the local administrator to override that policy e.g. for
roaming users with SMTP AUTH.

	\Maex

-- 
SpaceNet AG            | Joseph-Dollinger-Bogen 14 | Fon: +49 (89) 32356-0
Research & Development |       D-80807 Muenchen    | Fax: +49 (89) 32356-299
"The security, stability and reliability of a computer system is reciprocally
 proportional to the amount of vacuity between the ears of the admin"

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From: David Maxwell <david@crlf.net>
To: Markus Stumpf <maex-lists-spam-ietf-asrg@Space.Net>
Cc: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 6. Proposals: MTA MARK   vs port 25 filtering?
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Date: Wed, 10 Dec 2003 17:17:12 -0500

On Wed, Dec 10, 2003 at 09:05:18PM +0100, Markus Stumpf wrote:
> On Wed, Dec 10, 2003 at 02:19:43PM -0500, David Maxwell wrote:
> > One question I have about MTAMark - how does its effect differ from the
> > effect of blocking outbound port 25 (other than from authorized MTAs)?
> 
> Blocking ports can only be done in Routers or Firewalls.
> 1) Such rules, especially with a lot of exceptions are very expensive
>    in terms of CPU cycles. So as e.g. an ISP you don't want to put a port 25

deny *
permit MTA1
permit MTA2

That isn't a very complicated ACL. I believe Cisco IOS will fastpath
that in most cases (turning on some specific options will make it slow
path, of course).

> 2) Lists like that have to be maintained by rather highly skilled personnel.

MTAs don't change very often. Adding MTA3 to the list above shouldn't be
overly challenging (but I understand that you don't want a $5/h tech
making that change).

> 3) You need the hardware/software capable of doing the blocking, so this
>    is also a cost factor.

Compared to the cost of people time to handle spam complaints, it's
probably easy to justify.

> 4) If you are running a small business or a workstation the firewall might
>    be useless, as an attacker that gains admin priviledges can also
>    disable the firewall. Accessing the DNS configuration at your ISP will
>    not be as easy.

I was suggesting that the ISP be the org blocking 25. (I dislike network
blocks in general, because they diminish the usefulness Internet, but
spam does so even more.) Accessing the router at the ISP will not be as
easy either.

> 5) With MTA MARK I as a receiver know what the intention of the
>    maintainer of the IP space is. With a port 25 block not being there I
>    don't know if it is on purpose or if it is a mistake.

Your comparison is not valid. You can't detect mistakes in the MTAMark
database entries any more than you can detect errors in the ACL.

> 6) If it can be solved with port 25 filtering this would be great. But
>    the technique to do it is there for years. Why is spam still a problem?

I say that people have been unwilling to do it because they didn't
perceive spam to be a serious problem. The recent escalation of spam
traffic might cause them to consider it now.

Of course, both problems suffer from the issue that they are on the
sender side - most people are more concerned about the spam their
network recieves than the spam their network sends, and they fail to
perceive the relationship between the two.

-- 
David Maxwell, david@vex.net|david@maxwell.net --> Mastery of UNIX, like
mastery of language, offers real freedom. The price of freedom is always dear,
but there's no substitute. Personally, I'd rather pay for my freedom than live
in a bitmapped, pop-up-happy dungeon like NT. - Thomas Scoville 


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From: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 6. Proposals: MTA MARK vs port 25 filtering?
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Alan DeKok wrote:
> Markus Stumpf <maex-lists-spam-ietf-asrg@Space.Net> wrote:
> 
> 
>>6) If it can be solved with port 25 filtering this would be great. But
>>   the technique to do it is there for years. Why is spam still a problem?
> 
> 
>   Because of the people who DON'T block port 25.  Moving to MTAMark
> will have the same deployment issues.

Adding another tool to our arsenal and letting both sides of the network 
able to respond to threats is a good thing.

I see MTA Mark complementary to port 25 blocking - both tools are 
available and address the same issue, with one tool on the sender's side 
and one on the reciever. This way everybody has some tools to fight with.

Yakov
-------
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SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc. / research <at> solidmatrix.com
"I ate your Web page. / Forgive me. It was juicy / And tart on my 
tongue." (MIT's 404 Message)
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From: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 6. Proposals: MTA MARK   vs port 25 filtering?
In-reply-to: <20031210221712.GM29673@mail>
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David Maxwell wrote:
> On Wed, Dec 10, 2003 at 09:05:18PM +0100, Markus Stumpf wrote:
>>On Wed, Dec 10, 2003 at 02:19:43PM -0500, David Maxwell wrote:
>>
[..]
>>6) If it can be solved with port 25 filtering this would be great. But
>>   the technique to do it is there for years. Why is spam still a problem?
> 
> 
> I say that people have been unwilling to do it because they didn't
> perceive spam to be a serious problem. The recent escalation of spam
> traffic might cause them to consider it now.
> 
> Of course, both problems suffer from the issue that they are on the
> sender side - most people are more concerned about the spam their
> network recieves than the spam their network sends, and they fail to
> perceive the relationship between the two.
> 

Giving tools to both the sender and the receiver will help more than 
just one side having them. That's why it looks like to me that both 
strategies are helpful, and let both sides of the network do something 
about the abuse.

Yakov
-------
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SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc. / research <at> solidmatrix.com
"Among all our enemies / The ones to be most feared are often the 
smallest" (Jean de la Fontaine)
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From: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 6. Proposals - DNS + PKI - Yahoo's "Domain Keys"
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Fridrik Skulason wrote:

>>What it seems to me now, is that this proposal is not meant to be by 
>>itself, it rather addresses only certain points and tricks that spammers 
>>use. But cutting away the ability to joe-job a site unless you want to 
>>send all of your messages as identical, would definatly help some what.
> 
> 
> But it doesn't even do that - a "replay" does not have to involve just
> a single message, but rather a large number of similar messages.
> 
> Consider this scenario:
> 
>    A spammer gets an account at yahoo.com and sends (to some throwaway.com
>    address) a few thousand almost identical messages, each of which gets
>    properly signed by Yahoo.
> 
>    Then throwaway.com starts spamming those messages, with Yahoo's
>    signature, and the headers faked to make it look like the message
>    comes from Yahoo ... sure, the IP number does not belong to Yahoo,
>    but unless you have something like LMAP you are out of luck in that
>    respect.
> 
>    Of course the spammer takes certain precautions, such as not sending 
>    the same variant of the message twice to the same domain - thus 
>    trying to reduce the chance of anyone noticing two *identical* 
>    messages.
> 
> Or am I missing something?
> 

A distributed spam detection system such as DCC 
(http://www.rhyolite.com/anti-spam/dcc/) works across multiple domains. 
Therefore is the spammer sends an identical message to more than one 
domain, it can be detected.

In any case we will have to wait until they release their full 
specifications.

Yakov

-------
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SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc. / research <at> solidmatrix.com
"Some lies are easier to believe than the truth" (Dune)
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] 6. Proposals: MTA MARK   vs port 25 filtering?
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Date: Wed, 10 Dec 2003 23:49:12 +0100

On Wed, Dec 10, 2003 at 05:17:12PM -0500, David Maxwell wrote:
> deny *
> permit MTA1
> permit MTA2
> 
> That isn't a very complicated ACL. I believe Cisco IOS will fastpath
> that in most cases (turning on some specific options will make it slow
> path, of course).

One of our blocks is a /16 polulated mainly with commercial customers.
A lot of them is managing their own MTAs. I'd estimate about 600-700
(intended ;-) MTAs at least in that block.

> MTAs don't change very often. Adding MTA3 to the list above shouldn't be
> overly challenging (but I understand that you don't want a $5/h tech
> making that change).

With that number of MTAs you will have one or two every day. And you
have to update all your border routers and it should happen promptly.

> Compared to the cost of people time to handle spam complaints, it's
> probably easy to justify.

If I have to handle spam complaints for a customer because of a hacked
machine I can make the customer pay for it. We have about 2-3 complaints
a week, most of them about faked Received: lines about 1 or 2 per month
are about a customer. Even charging them 150 USD per hour is much more
cheaper for a single customer than the hassle of buying hardware,
setting it up, having it maintained. You know, it's like with fare
dodgers: they have to pay penalty if they get caught. But it only
happens once in a while so it is cheaper not to buy a ticket.

> I was suggesting that the ISP be the org blocking 25. (I dislike network
> blocks in general, because they diminish the usefulness Internet, but
> spam does so even more.) Accessing the router at the ISP will not be as
> easy either.

As I wrote to Alan already, we can't do that without changing each and
every contract and I doubt much customers would sign the new one.

> > 5) With MTA MARK I as a receiver know what the intention of the
> >    maintainer of the IP space is. With a port 25 block not being there I
> >    don't know if it is on purpose or if it is a mistake.
> 
> Your comparison is not valid. You can't detect mistakes in the MTAMark
> database entries any more than you can detect errors in the ACL.

This sounds plausible ;-)
But with MTA MARK the sender could express a policy that I could query.
With an outgoing port 25 block in a firewall whose rules are not
publically available he/I can't.

	\Maex

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----- Original Message ----- 
From: "Tomi Panula-Ontto" <tomi@panula-ont.to>
To: <asrg@ietf.org>
Sent: Tuesday, December 09, 2003 11:59 AM
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: 6. Proposals: MTA MARK

> IMHO, people using dynamic IPs should not be allowed to run
> (trusted) smtp servers anyway. Why so? According to some recent
> studies one third of the spam is generated in some compromised
> home computers

If that logic holds true, then there is exactly a twice more compelling
reason to disallow static IP addresses from running trusted SMTP servers. :)

- Mark


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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: 6. Proposals: MTA MARK
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Mark wrote:

> ----- Original Message ----- 
> From: "Tomi Panula-Ontto" <tomi@panula-ont.to>
> To: <asrg@ietf.org>
> Sent: Tuesday, December 09, 2003 11:59 AM
> Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: 6. Proposals: MTA MARK
> 
> 
>>IMHO, people using dynamic IPs should not be allowed to run
>>(trusted) smtp servers anyway. Why so? According to some recent
>>studies one third of the spam is generated in some compromised
>>home computers
> 
> 
> If that logic holds true, then there is exactly a twice more compelling
> reason to disallow static IP addresses from running trusted SMTP servers. :)
> 

Humor aside, those studies may not be accurate. A while back a report 
from MessageLabs claimed that over 80% of all spam was sent from 
hijacked computers. When asked directly, MessageLabs admitted that they 
were counting open proxies as "hijacked computers". So anytime such 
study is made, you have to check the raw data.

Also, I emailed Sophos who made the original study to obtain the raw data.

Yakov
-------
Yakov Shafranovich / asrg <at> shaftek.org
SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc. / research <at> solidmatrix.com
"Some lies are easier to believe than the truth" (Dune)
-------


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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: 6. Proposals: MTA MARK
From: "B. Johannessen" <bob@db.org>
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On Wed, 2003-12-10 at 23:12, Yakov Shafranovich wrote:
> Humor aside, those studies may not be accurate. A while back a report 
> from MessageLabs claimed that over 80% of all spam was sent from 
> hijacked computers. When asked directly, MessageLabs admitted that they 
> were counting open proxies as "hijacked computers". So anytime such 
> study is made, you have to check the raw data.

For what it's worth, here are some information about the senders of 
spam that ended up in my traps Tuesday (midnight to midnight UTC):

Spam seen: 246
Distinct IPs: 231
IPs in dul.dnsbl.sorbs.net: 121
IPs running unfiltered "Microsoft Windows msrpc": 111
IPs running unfiltered "Microsoft Windows UPnP": 86

This in itself proves nothing, but I don't think it would be
unreasonable to assume that a significant portion of the 121
machines listed in dul.dnsbl.sorbs.net have been compromised.

If numbers like these are of any interest, I'll post some more
detailed numbers when I have more data, and some time to do a
more in-depth analysis.


	Bob

-- 
--=[ B. Johannessen | bob@db.org | http://db.org/ | +4797152009 ]=--
----=[ uptime: 2 days, 5:55 | load: 0.10 | inbox: 4 messages ]=-----
------=[xmms: Police - Every Little Thing She Does Is Magic]=-------


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Subject: Re: [Asrg] 6. Proposals - DNS + PKI - Yahoo's "Domain Keys"
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Date: Wed, 10 Dec 2003 17:05:07 -0800

Markus,

At 05:20 PM 12/9/2003, Markus Stumpf wrote:
>On Tue, Dec 09, 2003 at 04:28:05PM -0800, Mark Baugher wrote:
> > A clarification...
> >
> >           +---------------+             +---------------+
> >           | UA.o -> MTA.o | -> MTA.i -> | MTA.r -> UA.r |
> >           +---------------+             +---------------+
> >
> > Are you saying that MTA.o signed it and a spammer captured
> > the message and resent it?  Was it resent from MTA.o or from
> > some other domain or does this not matter?
>
>You don't need to capture.
>The problem I addressed is "what to sign" to make it impossible to steal
>the signing and use it in another context.
>E.g. the message to the list I am replying to has headers:
>
>Received: from mbaugher-w2k07.cisco.com (sjc-vpn3-38.cisco.com [10.21.64.38])
>         by sj-core-4.cisco.com (8.12.6/8.12.6) with ESMTP id hBA0S6iO027174;
>         Tue, 9 Dec 2003 16:28:07 -0800 (PST)
>Message-Id: <6.0.0.22.2.20031209161256.03afcbd0@mira-sjc5-6.cisco.com>
>
>Both header lines are (or should be and probably are) unique. So you now
>could use them, build a checksum, sign it with your private key and get
>something like 'JK807JK8JK90KLKL'. Now you add a Header like
>    X-Signature: sj-core-4.cisco.com; sign='JK807JK8JK90KLKL'
>I can now (as the recipient) lookup your public key and validate,
>whether the above two lines match the signature in the X-Signature:
>line. So far so good.
>
>But now, what stops a spammer from copying the two lines and the
>X-Signature line and create a new email useing the stolen headers
>like:
>
>Received: from sj-core-4.cisco.com
>         by mail.example.net with ESMTP id 1234567890;
>         Wed, 10 Dec 02:02:32 +0100 (CEST)
>X-Signature: mail.example.com; sign='908865KJGLSD0987'
>Received: from mbaugher-w2k07.cisco.com (sjc-vpn3-38.cisco.com [10.21.64.38])
>         by sj-core-4.cisco.com (8.12.6/8.12.6) with ESMTP id hBA0S6iO027174;
>         Tue, 9 Dec 2003 16:28:07 -0800 (PST)
>Message-Id: <6.0.0.22.2.20031209161256.03afcbd0@mira-sjc5-6.cisco.com>
>X-Signature: sj-core-4.cisco.com; sign='JK807JK8JK90KLKL'
>
>How would you know that the message NOT really originated (or was sent
>via) sj-core-4.cisco.com?

It would not verify if the signature design was secure.  That is,
one should not sign a piece of the message that could be cut and
pasted in this way.  I have not seen anything about the signing
proposal to suggest that they were doing this or even signing SMTP
trace record.

So yes, the problem you describe is a problem that's caused by a
poor signature design.


>As a lot of software modifies/replaces/deletes both the message headers
>and the message bodies you can't simply base your digest and signature
>on this information.

What gets signed is an open question.  This does not strike me as
an insurmountable problem.


> > If the spammer sends from MTA.o, then wouldn't we expect MTA.o
> > to have a policy to not forward mail that it had previously
> > signed?
>
>No. Why?
>If I get an eMail from a friend with an address at a public mail service
>provider (aka freemail) and think it is funny, why should it not be
>possible to bounce the message on to another friend at the same freemail
>provider as the original sender? Or think of simple addresslists ...
>    cat >> .forward   (for jokes@example.net)
>    joe@example.com
>    jane@example.com
>    jill@example.org
>Now bert@example.org sends mail to jokes@example.net and the mail will
>go back to the originating system to jill@example.org.

I think of each message sent as a separate mail transaction that will
have a separate signature applied by the mail submission agent.


> > If it comes from some MTA.x then a legitimate MTA.x might
> > reasonably have a policy of not forwarding mail signed by
> > some MTA.o unless (1) it has some MTA.i relationship
> > with MTA.o, which will rarely be the case, and
>
>How can you detect relationships between MTA.x and MTA.i?

You (i.e. MTA.r) do not need to detect this relationship.  What I
wrote above is "a legitimate MTA.x might reasonably have a
policy of not forwarding mail from MTA.o unless 1) it has some
MTA.i relationship with MTA.o, which will rarely be the case..."

>What do you
>mean with relationships between MTA.x and MTA.i?

I did not write about a relationship between MTA.x and MTA.i.
I'm apparently being unclear.  Please forget about MTA.x and let
me try this again.  I assume that in the vast majority of cases
there is no need for an MTA.i.  I assume that the MTA.i is required
where dialup is needed, in countries where online connectivity
is intermittent, or between planets, etc.  I am also assuming
that when MTA.i provides such a service to an MTA.o, then THEY
have a relationship.  Please correct me if I'm wrong.


> > (2) it was in fact received from MTA.o.
>
>To determine this is the problem ;-)

If MTA.o and MTA.r both do signing and verification, then
they have credentials (keys) to establish a TLS connection.


> > If MTA.x is not legit, then won't MTA.r make a determination
> > on the validity of the message based on the trust it places
> > in the signature of MTA.x and not MTA.o?
>
>How do you determine that "MTA.x is not legit"?

You (MTA.r) don't need to determine this.  In my note I was breaking
down the problem by cases, e.g. A or not A.

>Is  dsl081-084-010.lax1.dsl.speakeasy.net  [64.81.84.10]  legit if it
>can provide a certificate?

No.  Anyone can get a certificate.  But if it has a certificate that
MTA.r has issued, signed, or otherwise authorized then
I would expect that it would consider MTA.o to be "legitimate."
There would need to be some ceremony or procedure in place in which
people are involved - kind of like a key-signing party.  What I don't
like about the signing approach is that good security technology
requires trained personnel and this can be expensive.  What
might make this cheaper is the fact that the result of a temporary
security breach in antispam is not as serious as, say, accepting a
bad route in BGP.

>What must be the object of the certificate
>(sorry I don't know the correct english word, what is it that is
>certified? Is it the name? is it the IP address?)

That's a good question.  I'm an SPKI bigot and don't think we necessarily
need a public key bound to a name.  The public key itself can serve as
the identifier.  But Yakov said that the key attests to the fact that
MTA.o is authorized to use an address.  Some would probably see use of
an X.509 cert that binds a public key to a domain name as being
the way to go.


>If it tries to inject
>an email with an envelope sender joe@example.com and a recipient address
>in your domain and it has a legit certificate (whatever that means)
>how can you determine if the message really originated at MTA.o?

LMAP :?)


>Yahoo's answer would be "look at the signature", but we've seen above
>that it is hard to put a signature in a email and making it secure
>and not stealable.

I think it can be done and you could reasonably ask me to prove it.
That would lead to a long thread on MTA signing, which I don't think
is germane to this list.  Instead, it would be better to agree to
disagree.

cheers, Mark


>         \Maex
>
>--
>SpaceNet AG            | Joseph-Dollinger-Bogen 14 | Fon: +49 (89) 32356-0
>Research & Development |       D-80807 Muenchen    | Fax: +49 (89) 32356-299
>"The security, stability and reliability of a computer system is reciprocally
>  proportional to the amount of vacuity between the ears of the admin"



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To: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>
Cc: Markus Stumpf <maex-lists-spam-ietf-asrg@Space.Net>, asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 6. Proposals: MTA MARK   vs port 25 filtering?
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Date: Wed, 10 Dec 2003 20:54:48 -0500

On Wed, Dec 10, 2003 at 05:38:50PM -0500, Yakov Shafranovich wrote:
> David Maxwell wrote:
> >Of course, both problems suffer from the issue that they are on the
> >sender side - most people are more concerned about the spam their
> >network recieves than the spam their network sends, and they fail to
> >perceive the relationship between the two.
> >
> 
> Giving tools to both the sender and the receiver will help more than 
> just one side having them. That's why it looks like to me that both 
> strategies are helpful, and let both sides of the network do something 
> about the abuse.

One of the main reasons I asked the question was to draw the line
between functions and implementations.

In this case, we have a functional change to email infrastructure - from
'any to any' -> 'approved MTA to any'.

There are at least two implementations of that functional change -
MTAMark, and outbound port 25 blocking.

These two implementations have a few differences in deployment,
maintainence, and effect on network traffic. Simply put though, they
solve the same problem, so they can be evaluated head-to-head when it
comes time to making recommendations.

-- 
David Maxwell, david@vex.net|david@maxwell.net -->
(About an Amiga rendering landscapes) It's not thinking, it's being artistic!
					      - Jamie Woods


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From: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 6. Proposals: MTA MARK   vs port 25 filtering?
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Date: Wed, 10 Dec 2003 21:45:08 -0500
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David Maxwell wrote:
> On Wed, Dec 10, 2003 at 05:38:50PM -0500, Yakov Shafranovich wrote:
> 
>>David Maxwell wrote:
>>
>>>Of course, both problems suffer from the issue that they are on the
>>>sender side - most people are more concerned about the spam their
>>>network recieves than the spam their network sends, and they fail to
>>>perceive the relationship between the two.
>>>
>>
>>Giving tools to both the sender and the receiver will help more than 
>>just one side having them. That's why it looks like to me that both 
>>strategies are helpful, and let both sides of the network do something 
>>about the abuse.
> 
> 
> One of the main reasons I asked the question was to draw the line
> between functions and implementations.
> 
> In this case, we have a functional change to email infrastructure - from
> 'any to any' -> 'approved MTA to any'.
> 
> There are at least two implementations of that functional change -
> MTAMark, and outbound port 25 blocking.
> 
> These two implementations have a few differences in deployment,
> maintainence, and effect on network traffic. Simply put though, they
> solve the same problem, so they can be evaluated head-to-head when it
> comes time to making recommendations.
> 

Then the next logical step would be writing up a comparison, perhaps 
expanding it to other protocols as well. Any volunteers?

Yakov
-------
Yakov Shafranovich / asrg <at> shaftek.org
SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc. / research <at> solidmatrix.com
"But in this world nothing can be said to be certain, except death and 
taxes" (Benjamin Franklin)
-------


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From: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: 6. Proposals: MTA MARK
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Organization: SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc.
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B. Johannessen wrote:

> On Wed, 2003-12-10 at 23:12, Yakov Shafranovich wrote:
> 
>>Humor aside, those studies may not be accurate. A while back a report 
>>from MessageLabs claimed that over 80% of all spam was sent from 
>>hijacked computers. When asked directly, MessageLabs admitted that they 
>>were counting open proxies as "hijacked computers". So anytime such 
>>study is made, you have to check the raw data.
> 
> 
> For what it's worth, here are some information about the senders of 
> spam that ended up in my traps Tuesday (midnight to midnight UTC):
> 
> Spam seen: 246
> Distinct IPs: 231
> IPs in dul.dnsbl.sorbs.net: 121
> IPs running unfiltered "Microsoft Windows msrpc": 111
> IPs running unfiltered "Microsoft Windows UPnP": 86
> 
> This in itself proves nothing, but I don't think it would be
> unreasonable to assume that a significant portion of the 121
> machines listed in dul.dnsbl.sorbs.net have been compromised.
> 
> If numbers like these are of any interest, I'll post some more
> detailed numbers when I have more data, and some time to do a
> more in-depth analysis.

I think that the Analysis subgroup might be very happy to look at this 
stuff. I have CCed the coordinator of that subgroup on this message.

Yakov
-------
Yakov Shafranovich / asrg <at> shaftek.org
SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc. / research <at> solidmatrix.com
"And this too shall come to pass"
-------


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Subject: [Asrg] 0. General - interesting?
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Date: Thu, 11 Dec 2003 07:40:11 +0000

Spamming is (from today) illegal (kind of) in the UK. Hoorah!

Anyway, that aside...
There's a free webmail system that I'm familiar with - some of which
domains are frequently forged in sender addresses on spam.
Message below received via their feedback form. It *seems* to be an enquiry
from a "legitimate mass-mailer" about spamming services. Or perhaps it's a
joke. Spam services are not available - but if anyone does have "email
advertising capabilities to US" perhaps they'd like to contact Janet and
keep this group informed.

<quote>
The following feedback was submitted:

Date:            Thu, 11 Dec 2003 00:10:05 GMT
Name:            Janet Hirschoff
E-mail:          Janet@hispeedmedia.com
Feedback:        Comments
Remote Address:  63.207.173.74 adsl-63-207-173-74.dsl.lsan03.pacbell.net
Session Key:     
HTTP user agent: Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1; .NET
CLR 1.0.3705; Alexa Toolbar)

Comments:
Hello,

I received and email from this domain in my AOL account. I work for an
online advertising angecy and would like to to learn more about your
companys email advertising capabilities to US emails. Please contact me to
discuss.



Regards,

Janet Hirschoff
Director of Business Development
Janet@hispeedmedia.com
http://www.hispeedmedia.com
P: 818-990-0991 x226
F: 818.990.5110

</quote>




--

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Subject: Re: [Asrg] 0. General - interesting? 
In-Reply-To: <E1AULQh-0003BQ-JC@argon.connect.org.uk> 
From: jm@jmason.org (Justin Mason)
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Date: Wed, 10 Dec 2003 23:51:09 -0800

-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
Hash: SHA1


Jon Kyme writes:
>Spamming is (from today) illegal (kind of) in the UK. Hoorah!

BTW, also illegal (kind of) in Ireland since a couple of weeks ago.
Yay!

- --j.

>Anyway, that aside...
>There's a free webmail system that I'm familiar with - some of which
>domains are frequently forged in sender addresses on spam.
>Message below received via their feedback form. It *seems* to be an enquiry
>from a "legitimate mass-mailer" about spamming services. Or perhaps it's a
>joke. Spam services are not available - but if anyone does have "email
>advertising capabilities to US" perhaps they'd like to contact Janet and
>keep this group informed.
>
><quote>
>The following feedback was submitted:
>
>Date:            Thu, 11 Dec 2003 00:10:05 GMT
>Name:            Janet Hirschoff
>E-mail:          Janet@hispeedmedia.com
>Feedback:        Comments
>Remote Address:  63.207.173.74 adsl-63-207-173-74.dsl.lsan03.pacbell.net
>Session Key:     
>HTTP user agent: Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1; .NET
>CLR 1.0.3705; Alexa Toolbar)
>
>Comments:
>Hello,
>
>I received and email from this domain in my AOL account. I work for an
>online advertising angecy and would like to to learn more about your
>companys email advertising capabilities to US emails. Please contact me to
>discuss.
>
>
>
>Regards,
>
>Janet Hirschoff
>Director of Business Development
>Janet@hispeedmedia.com
>http://www.hispeedmedia.com
>P: 818-990-0991 x226
>F: 818.990.5110
>
></quote>
>
>
>
>
>--
>
>_______________________________________________
>Asrg mailing list
>Asrg@ietf.org
>https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg
>
>
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Version: GnuPG v1.2.2 (GNU/Linux)
Comment: Exmh CVS

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l37YDWtdUCTV6VG7Lxn2KZo=
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-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----


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From: Fridrik Skulason <frisk@f-prot.com>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: 6. Proposals: MTA MARK
Message-ID: <20031211092201.GE13147@f-prot.com>
References: <00e001c3b5ac$ab5f55a0$6400a8c0@INTRA.KOODIA.FI> <3FC78099.8080409@elvey.com> <004c01c3b650$60c77870$0323a8c0@Jimiboy> <3FC92518.2020604@elvey.com> <008e01c3b81b$53cbaa70$6400a8c0@INTRA.KOODIA.FI> <3FD2079B.80106@elvey.com> <009a01c3be43$5d74fc60$6400a8c0@INTRA.KOODIA.FI> <3FD62AA0.8000606@solidmatrix.com>
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Date: Thu, 11 Dec 2003 09:22:01 +0000

I tried replying yesterday, but for some reason only a blank message 
showed up on the list.  

Unfortunately I did not keep a copy of my original message, so I have 
to try to recreate some of the points from memory.

As I have mentioned before, my area of expertise is viruses and worms.
For that reason any proposal which is likely to affect the spread of
worms as well as spam is of high interest to me.

I just read the draft-irtf-asrg-mtamark-00 document, and I have a few 
comment on the virus/worm side of things.

The document uses the term "viri".  Now, there is an interesting
division of terminology in the anti-virus field.  AV people use the
plural "viruses", while the "k00l VXdudez" use "viri" or "virii"
as a means of distinguishing them.  The side effect is that anyone
talking about "viri" or "virii" just does not get taken seriously
by the anti-virus community.

However, MTA MARK would not have any effects on viruses.  It would
only affect worms, more specifically a certain subset of worms.  It
would not affect network worms like CodeRed, so I suggest not using
that as an example.  It will only affect those worms which have
their own SMTP code and use that to spread, instead of sending mail
through the ISP of the end user.  By far the best known worm of
this time is W32/Sobig.F@mm.  I suggest not mentioning viruses (or
"viri" or whatever) in the document - only worms, as only they would
be affected.

Now, an observation:

During the Sobig.F outbreak we collected data on which machines were
responsible for sending out the viruses.  It turned out that the vast
majority of analysed samples were from privately owned PCs with an
ASDL or broadband connection.  This is what one would have expected
anyhow - corporate machines are generally better protected and less
likely to be compromised and machines with only a (slow) modem
connection would send out fewer messages than the ones with a fast
connection.

The relevance to spam is that this is presumably the same group of
machines as spammers using compromised machines would be interested in.

I raised the point of comparing this to simple port 25 blocking, but
someone else brought that up as well, so I have no further questions
regarding that.

However, MTA MARK got me thinking about one issue regarding LMAP
(which, by the way seems to be mis-spelled as LAMP in one or two places
in the LMAP document).

If I understand LMAP correctly, you can get basically 3 possible 
answers:

   "This machine is authorized to send mail from my domain."
   "This machine is not authorized to send mail from my domain."
   "No LMAP data available."

(somebody please correct me if I am wrong).   Now, the MTA MARK proposal
made me realize that the "not authorized" includes two separate 
scenarios, which might require different reactions:

  "This is one of my machines, but it is not authorized to send mail
   from my domain" - this result would typically indicate a compromised
   machine - either trying to send out worms or spam.

  "This is not one of my machines, and therefore it is not authorized
   to send mail from my domain" - this result would either indicate
   a forgery or perhaps a "roaming salesman" instance.

What I don't quite see is how LMAP would distinguish between those two 
cases - or if it can indeed do so.  Clarification, anyone?

-- 
Fridrik Skulason   Frisk Software International   phone: +354-540-7400
Author of F-PROT   E-mail: frisk@f-prot.com       fax:   +354-540-7401

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From: "Tomi Panula-Ontto" <tomi@panula-ont.to>
To: "Mark" <admin@asarian-host.net>, <asrg@ietf.org>
References: <00e001c3b5ac$ab5f55a0$6400a8c0@INTRA.KOODIA.FI> <3FC78099.8080409@elvey.com> <004c01c3b650$60c77870$0323a8c0@Jimiboy> <3FC92518.2020604@elvey.com> <008e01c3b81b$53cbaa70$6400a8c0@INTRA.KOODIA.FI> <3FD2079B.80106@elvey.com> <009a01c3be43$5d74fc60$6400a8c0@INTRA.KOODIA.FI> <200312102308.HBAN8AFP003817@asarian-host.net>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: 6. Proposals: MTA MARK
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Mark wrote:
----- Original Message ----- 
From: "Mark" <admin@asarian-host.net>
To: <asrg@ietf.org>
Sent: Thursday, December 11, 2003 1:08 AM
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: 6. Proposals: MTA MARK


> ----- Original Message ----- 
> From: "Tomi Panula-Ontto" <tomi@panula-ont.to>
> To: <asrg@ietf.org>
> Sent: Tuesday, December 09, 2003 11:59 AM
> Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: 6. Proposals: MTA MARK
>
> > IMHO, people using dynamic IPs should not be allowed to run
> > (trusted) smtp servers anyway. Why so? According to some recent
> > studies one third of the spam is generated in some compromised
> > home computers
>
> If that logic holds true, then there is exactly a twice more compelling
> reason to disallow static IP addresses from running trusted SMTP servers.
:)

True :-)

On the other hand - if I terminated smtp connections from
machines that are behind dynamic IPs, I would propably not lose
any valuable email.. but if I terminated connections from static IPs,
I would propably lose all of my important emails and get only spam.


Tomi



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From exim@www1.ietf.org  Thu Dec 11 07:37:44 2003
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From: Peter Sergeant <pete@clueball.com>
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X-Habeas-SWE-4: Copyright 2002 Habeas (tm)
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Subject: [Asrg] 0. General - What ASRG looks like
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Date: Thu, 11 Dec 2003 12:36:23 +0000

Being that I spend a lot of time trawling the ASRG archives, and am
trying to find ways to make this easier, I thought some of you might be
interested in knowing what ASRG threads look like, visualized:

http://grou.ch/thread.png
http://grou.ch/thread2.png

The first one of those is a *large* image... The second is the same
thread, but rotated, and with arc-sizes constrained. The originals are
SVG, and the plan is to display these next to messages, with the current
message highlighted - in short, an implementation of 
<http://www.research.ibm.com/remail/threadarcs.html>

The blank element at the start is a faked message container - the
archive I'm running this on didn't contain the parent message.

+Pete

-- 
Patriotism is the last refuge of a scoundrel.
 -- Samuel Johnson

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To: Fridrik Skulason <frisk@f-prot.com>
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: 6. Proposals: MTA MARK
References: <00e001c3b5ac$ab5f55a0$6400a8c0@INTRA.KOODIA.FI> <3FC78099.8080409@elvey.com> <004c01c3b650$60c77870$0323a8c0@Jimiboy> <3FC92518.2020604@elvey.com> <008e01c3b81b$53cbaa70$6400a8c0@INTRA.KOODIA.FI> <3FD2079B.80106@elvey.com> <009a01c3be43$5d74fc60$6400a8c0@INTRA.KOODIA.FI> <3FD62AA0.8000606@solidmatrix.com> <20031211092201.GE13147@f-prot.com>
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Fridrik Skulason wrote:
> [snipped discussion of worms]

This is exactly why the group is reviewing it. Keep it up.

> Now, an observation:
> 
> During the Sobig.F outbreak we collected data on which machines were
> responsible for sending out the viruses.  It turned out that the vast
> majority of analysed samples were from privately owned PCs with an
> ASDL or broadband connection.  This is what one would have expected
> anyhow - corporate machines are generally better protected and less
> likely to be compromised and machines with only a (slow) modem
> connection would send out fewer messages than the ones with a fast
> connection.
> 
> The relevance to spam is that this is presumably the same group of
> machines as spammers using compromised machines would be interested in.
> 
> I raised the point of comparing this to simple port 25 blocking, but
> someone else brought that up as well, so I have no further questions
> regarding that.
> 
> However, MTA MARK got me thinking about one issue regarding LMAP
> (which, by the way seems to be mis-spelled as LAMP in one or two places
> in the LMAP document).

The misspellings occur in:
4.1.10 Requirement 2.10, Single Solution
4.1.11 Requirement 2.11, Technical Rather Than Legislative

> If I understand LMAP correctly, you can get basically 3 possible 
> answers:
> 
>    "This machine is authorized to send mail from my domain."
>    "This machine is not authorized to send mail from my domain."
>    "No LMAP data available."

Those are correct.

> (somebody please correct me if I am wrong).   Now, the MTA MARK proposal
> made me realize that the "not authorized" includes two separate 
> scenarios, which might require different reactions:
> 
>   "This is one of my machines, but it is not authorized to send mail
>    from my domain" - this result would typically indicate a compromised
>    machine - either trying to send out worms or spam.
> 
>   "This is not one of my machines, and therefore it is not authorized
>    to send mail from my domain" - this result would either indicate
>    a forgery or perhaps a "roaming salesman" instance.
> 
> What I don't quite see is how LMAP would distinguish between those two 
> cases - or if it can indeed do so.  Clarification, anyone?

There is no need or reason to distinguish, unless you want to talk about 
informing the sender that their machines are trying to send unauthorized 
mail. That's orthogonal to the protocol's narrowly defined goal of 
preventing domain forgery.
If someone wants to report such abuse, they are quite able to look up the IP 
in {ARIN, RIPE, etc} and find the appropriate address to send that message to.

Philip Miller


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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: 6. Proposals: MTA MARK
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Date: Fri, 12 Dec 2003 00:51:55 +0100

On Thu, Dec 11, 2003 at 09:22:01AM +0000, Fridrik Skulason wrote:
> The document uses the term "viri".  Now, there is an interesting
> division of terminology in the anti-virus field.  AV people use the
> plural "viruses", while the "k00l VXdudez" use "viri" or "virii"
> as a means of distinguishing them.  The side effect is that anyone
> talking about "viri" or "virii" just does not get taken seriously
> by the anti-virus community.

I don't know if I am a "k00l VXdudez", but I had 5 years of Latin in
school and the correct plural of "virus" is "viri" (not "viruses" and
in no way "virii" ;-). The plural form was very rarely used in written
text, so some people say is doesn't have one in Latin, which is wrong.

However, according to the Oxford English Dictionary, the correct plural
in English language is "viruses". I'll change that. Please blame it to
the fact that I am not a native English speaker ;-)

> However, MTA MARK would not have any effects on viruses.  It would
> only affect worms, more specifically a certain subset of worms.  It
> would not affect network worms like CodeRed, so I suggest not using
> that as an example.  It will only affect those worms which have
> their own SMTP code and use that to spread, instead of sending mail
> through the ISP of the end user.

This is not true.
Even very "simple" viruses like VBS/Lovelet-AS spread via eMail by using
the MAPI of the infected host. It did NOT have its own SMTP code. Some
of the recent viruses do have their own SMTP module talking SMTP directly
to remote hosts, some of them simply use e.g. the MAPI of the infected
host. Whether the message that is sent via the MAPI uses smarthosts or
gets delivered directly depends on the global configuration of the MAPI.

The mention of CodeRed and Nimda is in a section that argues
that one cannot trust on users to update their computers, even if the
security holes are some month old and patches exist for quite some time,
just like you can't count on them to configure their programs correctly 
as can be seen from the number of open proxy servers.

> During the Sobig.F outbreak we collected data on which machines were
> responsible for sending out the viruses.  It turned out that the vast
> majority of analysed samples were from privately owned PCs with an
> ASDL or broadband connection.

We don't have an AV software in that mailserver, but we reject
executable attachments based on base64 signatures. The rejections of
the last 7 days are at
   http://www.space.net/~maex/asrg-exec.txt
First row is the number of rejections, second row is host:ip. With a
probability of nearly one, all of the filtered messages have been
viruses. Apart from the data you collected from the Sobig.F outbreak the
spreading with the average background noise shows a little different data
according to the above numbers.

> This is what one would have expected
> anyhow - corporate machines are generally better protected and less
> likely to be compromised and machines with only a (slow) modem
> connection would send out fewer messages than the ones with a fast
> connection.
> 
> The relevance to spam is that this is presumably the same group of
> machines as spammers using compromised machines would be interested in.

I don't think so. IMHO spammers don't care too much, speed is a nice to
have addon but I don't think it makes a big difference for them if the
compromised host takes 2 or 5 hours to blast out the spam.

>   "This is one of my machines, but it is not authorized to send mail
>    from my domain" - this result would typically indicate a compromised
>    machine - either trying to send out worms or spam.
> 
>   "This is not one of my machines, and therefore it is not authorized
>    to send mail from my domain" - this result would either indicate
>    a forgery or perhaps a "roaming salesman" instance.
> 
> What I don't quite see is how LMAP would distinguish between those two 
> cases - or if it can indeed do so.  Clarification, anyone?

LMAP can't distinguish and it is IMHO irrelevant. The machine is not
authorized to send emails with a sender address from domain example.com,
regardless under whom's authority the machine is.

	\Maex

-- 
SpaceNet AG            | Joseph-Dollinger-Bogen 14 | Fon: +49 (89) 32356-0
Research & Development |       D-80807 Muenchen    | Fax: +49 (89) 32356-299
"The security, stability and reliability of a computer system is reciprocally
 proportional to the amount of vacuity between the ears of the admin"

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From: Brett Watson <famous-asrg@nutters.org>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: [ASRG] 0. General - Etymology trivia: "virus"
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On Fri, 12 Dec 2003 00:51:55 +0100, Markus Stumpf observed:
> I don't know if I am a "k00l VXdudez", but I had 5 years of Latin in
> school and the correct plural of "virus" is "viri" (not "viruses" and
> in no way "virii" ;-). The plural form was very rarely used in written
> text, so some people say is doesn't have one in Latin, which is wrong.

Disclosure: I had only four years of high school Latin, and I was bad at it. 
Caveat lector.

"Virus" is, in fact, derived from the Latin "virus", meaning "poison" (and 
some similar unpleasant substances). It appears to be in the same declension 
as "radius", where the nominative singular takes the "us" inflection, and the 
plural takes an "i" inflection. Thus, the Latin plural of "virus" would be 
"viri", just as "radius" becomes "radii" (the "i" being doubled there because 
it was also present in the singular).

As to why we've abandoned the Latinate plural in English in favour of 
"viruses", I don't know. ("Radiuses" is also a common plural variant for 
"radius", I note.) Perhaps it could be blamed on the fact that we've adopted 
a fairly specific meaning for "virus" in English which is not the same as its 
Latin meaning, so the word has been co-opted rather than incorporated. The 
term "virus" was adopted in the first instance because researchers thought 
they had found a new form of fluid toxin, which later turned out to be a 
misconception. [http://library.thinkquest.org/23054/basics/page3.html 
(Warning: site appears to have annoying referer URL behaviour preventing 
direct linking, so additional navigation may be necessary.)]

Language is weird.

We now return you to your regular ASRG arguments.

Regards,
TFBW


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Reply-To: <ngilman@gilmanresearch.com>
From: "Gilman Research Services" <ngilman@gilmanresearch.com>
To: <asrg@ietf.org>
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Subject: [Asrg] 2 Questions: History of "Challenge-Response" SPAM filter and Info re. Julian Byrne
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Hello,

I am a patent researcher conducting research into the history of
"Challenge-Response" SPAM filters and would appreciate any assistance or
guidance you can provide. I apologize if this is not exactly in keeping with
the list's posting guidelines.

1) I believe I am up to date on the current status of "Challenge-Response"
SPAM filters but seem to have hit a dead end re. the history of the
strategy.  Most references go back as far as 1996 and 1997 with newsgroup
postings by Julian Byrne on the topic, i.e., "challenge-response antispam
'bot (CRABS) and others.  Can anyone provide me with any additional
references that pre-date 1997?

2) Secondly, does anyone have any additional information re. Julian Byrne?
There appears to be no posting by the professor after 1998 and he is no
longer at Monash University in AU. Again and information would be
appreciated.

Thank you in advance for your patience and time.

Sincerely,

Norm Gilman
Gilman Research Services, LLC




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Subject: Re: [ASRG] 0. General - Etymology trivia: "virus"
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On Fri, 12 Dec 2003 00:51:55 +0100, Markus Stumpf observed:

> I don't know if I am a "k00l VXdudez", but I had 5 years of Latin in
> school and the correct plural of "virus" is "viri" (not "viruses" and
> in no way "virii" ;-). The plural form was very rarely used in written
> text, so some people say is doesn't have one in Latin, which is wrong.

I remember it differently. :)

The Latin "virus" is of a rare form (2nd declension neuter nouns in -us),
and begot its "us" ending probably because, in its meaning of venom, it is
cognate to the Greek "ios" = poison. Neuters of the 2nd declension have no
plural. Which would make "viruses" the correct English plural.

I am open to evidence to the contrary, of course.

- Mark


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From: "Chris" <asrg@rebel.com.au>
To: "Markus Stumpf" <maex-lists-spam-ietf-asrg@Space.Net>,
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Subject: Re: [ASRG] 0. General - Etymology trivia: "virus"
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an interesting note about the plural of virus

Taken from...
http://www.cs.helsinki.fi/linux/linux-kernel/2001-30/0607.html

What I don't understand is why people use the form virii, with a double I!


Just like the plural of abacus is abaci, the plural of cactus is cacti
(check the dictionary if you don't believe me), shouldn't the plural of
virus be viri, with one I at the end (of course, "viruses" is also currently
accepted as a plural, and even preferred by some people).


I think people get confused by the fact that the plural of radius is radii.
That extra "I" comes from the i in radius - it shouldn't appear in the
plural
of "virus"! The plural of the different word "virius" should have been
virii.
===============================

I was always told virii was the plural and 'viruses' was vulgar

well I'll use viri from now on


Regards
Chris



> -----Original Message-----
> From: asrg-admin@ietf.org [mailto:asrg-admin@ietf.org]On Behalf Of
> Markus Stumpf
> Sent: Friday, December 12, 2003 10:22 AM
> To: Fridrik Skulason
> Cc: asrg@ietf.org
> Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: 6. Proposals: MTA MARK
>
>
> On Thu, Dec 11, 2003 at 09:22:01AM +0000, Fridrik Skulason wrote:
> > The document uses the term "viri".  Now, there is an interesting
> > division of terminology in the anti-virus field.  AV people use the
> > plural "viruses", while the "k00l VXdudez" use "viri" or "virii"
> > as a means of distinguishing them.  The side effect is that anyone
> > talking about "viri" or "virii" just does not get taken seriously
> > by the anti-virus community.
>
> I don't know if I am a "k00l VXdudez", but I had 5 years of Latin in
> school and the correct plural of "virus" is "viri" (not "viruses" and
> in no way "virii" ;-). The plural form was very rarely used in written
> text, so some people say is doesn't have one in Latin, which is wrong.
>
> However, according to the Oxford English Dictionary, the correct plural
> in English language is "viruses". I'll change that. Please blame it to
> the fact that I am not a native English speaker ;-)
>
> > However, MTA MARK would not have any effects on viruses.  It would
> > only affect worms, more specifically a certain subset of worms.  It
> > would not affect network worms like CodeRed, so I suggest not using
> > that as an example.  It will only affect those worms which have
> > their own SMTP code and use that to spread, instead of sending mail
> > through the ISP of the end user.
>
> This is not true.
> Even very "simple" viruses like VBS/Lovelet-AS spread via eMail by using
> the MAPI of the infected host. It did NOT have its own SMTP code. Some
> of the recent viruses do have their own SMTP module talking SMTP directly
> to remote hosts, some of them simply use e.g. the MAPI of the infected
> host. Whether the message that is sent via the MAPI uses smarthosts or
> gets delivered directly depends on the global configuration of the MAPI.
>
> The mention of CodeRed and Nimda is in a section that argues
> that one cannot trust on users to update their computers, even if the
> security holes are some month old and patches exist for quite some time,
> just like you can't count on them to configure their programs correctly
> as can be seen from the number of open proxy servers.
>
> > During the Sobig.F outbreak we collected data on which machines were
> > responsible for sending out the viruses.  It turned out that the vast
> > majority of analysed samples were from privately owned PCs with an
> > ASDL or broadband connection.
>
> We don't have an AV software in that mailserver, but we reject
> executable attachments based on base64 signatures. The rejections of
> the last 7 days are at
>    http://www.space.net/~maex/asrg-exec.txt
> First row is the number of rejections, second row is host:ip. With a
> probability of nearly one, all of the filtered messages have been
> viruses. Apart from the data you collected from the Sobig.F outbreak the
> spreading with the average background noise shows a little different data
> according to the above numbers.
>
> > This is what one would have expected
> > anyhow - corporate machines are generally better protected and less
> > likely to be compromised and machines with only a (slow) modem
> > connection would send out fewer messages than the ones with a fast
> > connection.
> >
> > The relevance to spam is that this is presumably the same group of
> > machines as spammers using compromised machines would be interested in.
>
> I don't think so. IMHO spammers don't care too much, speed is a nice to
> have addon but I don't think it makes a big difference for them if the
> compromised host takes 2 or 5 hours to blast out the spam.
>
> >   "This is one of my machines, but it is not authorized to send mail
> >    from my domain" - this result would typically indicate a compromised
> >    machine - either trying to send out worms or spam.
> >
> >   "This is not one of my machines, and therefore it is not authorized
> >    to send mail from my domain" - this result would either indicate
> >    a forgery or perhaps a "roaming salesman" instance.
> >
> > What I don't quite see is how LMAP would distinguish between those two
> > cases - or if it can indeed do so.  Clarification, anyone?
>
> LMAP can't distinguish and it is IMHO irrelevant. The machine is not
> authorized to send emails with a sender address from domain example.com,
> regardless under whom's authority the machine is.
>
> 	\Maex
>
> --
> SpaceNet AG            | Joseph-Dollinger-Bogen 14 | Fon: +49 (89) 32356-0
> Research & Development |       D-80807 Muenchen    | Fax: +49
> (89) 32356-299
> "The security, stability and reliability of a computer system is
> reciprocally
>  proportional to the amount of vacuity between the ears of the admin"
>
> _______________________________________________
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> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg


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From: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>
To: ASRG <asrg@ietf.org>
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Organization: SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc.
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Subject: [Asrg] 0. General - News Article - Man Arrested under the Virginia's Spam Law
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 From Reuters 
(http://story.news.yahoo.com/news?tmpl=story2&u=/nm/20031211/ts_nm/tech_spam_virginia_dc):

"Virginia Authorities Arrest Man on Spam Charges

DULLES, Va. (Reuters) - Virginia authorities said on Thursday they had 
arrested and charged a North Carolina man for sending "spam" e-mail, 
under a new state law that could bring penalties of up to five years in 
prison on each count. 	

Virginia Attorney General Jerry Kilgore said Jeremy Jaynes had been 
arrested earlier Thursday in Raleigh, N.C., on four counts of using 
fraudulent means to transmit spam."
-------
Yakov Shafranovich / asrg <at> shaftek.org
SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc. / research <at> solidmatrix.com
"Some lies are easier to believe than the truth" (Dune)
-------


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From: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>
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Subject: [Asrg] 0. General - IPR - Patents on C/R
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[Subject changed as per posting guidelines, was "Re: [Asrg] 2 Questions: 
History of "Challenge-Response" SPAM filter and Info re. Julian Byrne". 
Mod.].

See the following link:

http://www.solidmatrix.com/research/asrg/asrg-ipr.html

Gilman Research Services wrote:
> Hello,
> 
> I am a patent researcher conducting research into the history of
> "Challenge-Response" SPAM filters and would appreciate any assistance or
> guidance you can provide. I apologize if this is not exactly in keeping with
> the list's posting guidelines.
> 
> 1) I believe I am up to date on the current status of "Challenge-Response"
> SPAM filters but seem to have hit a dead end re. the history of the
> strategy.  Most references go back as far as 1996 and 1997 with newsgroup
> postings by Julian Byrne on the topic, i.e., "challenge-response antispam
> 'bot (CRABS) and others.  Can anyone provide me with any additional
> references that pre-date 1997?
> 
> 2) Secondly, does anyone have any additional information re. Julian Byrne?
> There appears to be no posting by the professor after 1998 and he is no
> longer at Monash University in AU. Again and information would be
> appreciated.
> 
> Thank you in advance for your patience and time.
> 
> Sincerely,
> 
> Norm Gilman
> Gilman Research Services, LLC
> 
> 
> 
> 
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg
> 

-------
Yakov Shafranovich / asrg <at> shaftek.org
SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc. / research <at> solidmatrix.com
"Among all our enemies / The ones to be most feared are often the 
smallest" (Jean de la Fontaine)
-------


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Subject: Re: [ASRG] 0. General - Etymology trivia: "virus"
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I think it may be important to understand in which context it is presented.
Coming from a Chemical Engineering background,  I recall the usage of the
word "viri" as the plural of a virus to the hard core anal retentive
scientist in a presentation to other scientist.  To the layman and the
common usage, viruses is used,

Similarly, in my mail business experience for the last ~20 years across many
different environments,  I was often challenged to use the word "fora" as
the plural of "forums" in a technical context.  But in the layman context,
it is far more meaningful to have in your support
conversations/documentation:

                "To create forums, go to ............."

rather than say:

                "To create a fora, go to ............."

Imagine if the IETF has on their web site:

                "The IETF offers the following standards fora:"

The layman might see that to mean a singular public discussion area, when in
fact it means "forums"

Same ergonomic considerations are made today with virus and viruses vs.
viri.  I doubt Anti-Virus software vendors will have marketing material
saying: "Our software is designed to protected you from viri." <g>

-- Hector

----- Original Message ----- 
From: "Mark" <admin@asarian-host.net>
To: <asrg@ietf.org>
Sent: Thursday, December 11, 2003 9:41 PM
Subject: Re: [ASRG] 0. General - Etymology trivia: "virus"


> On Fri, 12 Dec 2003 00:51:55 +0100, Markus Stumpf observed:
>
> > I don't know if I am a "k00l VXdudez", but I had 5 years of Latin in
> > school and the correct plural of "virus" is "viri" (not "viruses" and
> > in no way "virii" ;-). The plural form was very rarely used in written
> > text, so some people say is doesn't have one in Latin, which is wrong.
>
> I remember it differently. :)
>
> The Latin "virus" is of a rare form (2nd declension neuter nouns in -us),
> and begot its "us" ending probably because, in its meaning of venom, it is
> cognate to the Greek "ios" = poison. Neuters of the 2nd declension have no
> plural. Which would make "viruses" the correct English plural.
>
> I am open to evidence to the contrary, of course.
>
> - Mark
>
>
> _______________________________________________
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From: Fridrik Skulason <frisk@f-prot.com>
To: Markus Stumpf <maex-lists-spam-ietf-asrg@Space.Net>
Cc: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: 6. Proposals: MTA MARK - and a LMAP note
Message-ID: <20031212111307.GG13251@f-prot.com>
References: <00e001c3b5ac$ab5f55a0$6400a8c0@INTRA.KOODIA.FI> <3FC78099.8080409@elvey.com> <004c01c3b650$60c77870$0323a8c0@Jimiboy> <3FC92518.2020604@elvey.com> <008e01c3b81b$53cbaa70$6400a8c0@INTRA.KOODIA.FI> <3FD2079B.80106@elvey.com> <009a01c3be43$5d74fc60$6400a8c0@INTRA.KOODIA.FI> <3FD62AA0.8000606@solidmatrix.com> <20031211092201.GE13147@f-prot.com> <20031211235155.GB43199@Space.Net>
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Date: Fri, 12 Dec 2003 11:13:07 +0000

On Fri, Dec 12, 2003 at 12:51:55AM +0100, Markus Stumpf wrote:
> > However, MTA MARK would not have any effects on viruses.  It would
> > only affect worms, more specifically a certain subset of worms.  It
> > would not affect network worms like CodeRed, so I suggest not using
> > that as an example.  It will only affect those worms which have
> > their own SMTP code and use that to spread, instead of sending mail
> > through the ISP of the end user.
> 
> This is not true.

Perhaps I need to clarify...see below:

> Even very "simple" viruses like VBS/Lovelet-AS spread via eMail

It is a worm.  The definition of a "worm" is basically "self-replicating
software that spreads over a network".  There is some disagreement on 
the formal definition of "virus" - one group of AV people considers all
intentionally self-replicating programs to be  "viruses", and worms 
therefore just a specific subset of "viruses".  Other researchers 
consider worms and viruses to be different, partially overlapping
subsets within the category of self-replicationg programs - arguing that
the definition of a virus relies on the infection process, while the
definition of "worm" relies on the distribution process and those are
somewhat independent.

In any case, any self-replicating program that sends itself by mail
(regardless of whether it uses its own SMTP engine or not is a worm.
Some of those are also viruses - in other cases there is an ongoing debate 
on whether to consider them viruses or not.  As the proposal would only
affect worms, not viruses that are not worms as well, I am just suggesting
that it would make more sense to talk just about worms to reduce the 
confusion.

Some worms would simply not be affected by MTA MARK at all, namely those
that send mail just as if a "real user" was actually sitting at the keyboard
and pressing the keys.  There is just no way for a a protocol of this kind
to distinguish between a worm of this kind and a legitimate user sending
mail.  Worms of this category do not have their own SMTP code - which is
really what I meant earlier - sorry if this was not clear enough.

> The mention of CodeRed and Nimda is in a section that argues
> that one cannot trust on users to update their computers, even if the
> security holes are some month old and patches exist for quite some time,
> just like you can't count on them to configure their programs correctly 
> as can be seen from the number of open proxy servers.

All I was saying is that CodeRed is a bad example, as someone might 
incorrectly assume that MTA MARK would have been effective against it.

> >   "This is one of my machines, but it is not authorized to send mail
> >    from my domain" - this result would typically indicate a compromised
> >    machine - either trying to send out worms or spam.
> > 
> >   "This is not one of my machines, and therefore it is not authorized
> >    to send mail from my domain" - this result would either indicate
> >    a forgery or perhaps a "roaming salesman" instance.
> > 
> > What I don't quite see is how LMAP would distinguish between those two 
> > cases - or if it can indeed do so.  Clarification, anyone?
> 
> LMAP can't distinguish and it is IMHO irrelevant. The machine is not
> authorized to send emails with a sender address from domain example.com,
> regardless under whom's authority the machine is.

This is not relevant to MTA MARK, of course, but the issue is not
irrelevant, as the appropriate reaction would be different.  In the 
first case the the owners of the domain in question would hopefully
want to track down the compromised machine and take care of the
problem.

In the second case, the owners of the domain would only be interested 
in tracking down the machine if they were planning to go after the
person responsibel for well..."fraud".

I just brought this up because it seemed useful if LMAP would be able to
distinguish between those two cases.

-- 
Fridrik Skulason   Frisk Software International   phone: +354-540-7400
Author of F-PROT   E-mail: frisk@f-prot.com       fax:   +354-540-7401

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To: Fridrik Skulason <frisk@f-prot.com>
Cc: Markus Stumpf <maex-lists-spam-ietf-asrg@Space.Net>, asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: 6. Proposals: MTA MARK - and a LMAP note
References: <00e001c3b5ac$ab5f55a0$6400a8c0@INTRA.KOODIA.FI> <3FC78099.8080409@elvey.com> <004c01c3b650$60c77870$0323a8c0@Jimiboy> <3FC92518.2020604@elvey.com> <008e01c3b81b$53cbaa70$6400a8c0@INTRA.KOODIA.FI> <3FD2079B.80106@elvey.com> <009a01c3be43$5d74fc60$6400a8c0@INTRA.KOODIA.FI> <3FD62AA0.8000606@solidmatrix.com> <20031211092201.GE13147@f-prot.com> <20031211235155.GB43199@Space.Net> <20031212111307.GG13251@f-prot.com>
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Date: Fri, 12 Dec 2003 07:57:54 -0500
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Fridrik Skulason wrote:
> [snipped  worm discussion]

I have to cast my vote on the side of using 'worm' instead of virus. 
This is a community of professionals, who've volunteered to contribute 
their time and knowledge, and I think it's pretty clear Fridrik should 
know what he's talking about.

>>The mention of CodeRed and Nimda is in a section that argues
>>that one cannot trust on users to update their computers, even if the
>>security holes are some month old and patches exist for quite some time,
>>just like you can't count on them to configure their programs correctly 
>>as can be seen from the number of open proxy servers.
> 
> All I was saying is that CodeRed is a bad example, as someone might 
> incorrectly assume that MTA MARK would have been effective against it.

It's easy enough to just say "Users cannot be trusted to keep their 
machines secure and up to date." If there's anyone in the IETF 
commmunity who doesn't believe that, they probably haven't been exposed 
to users recently (within the past 9 or so years).

>>>  "This is one of my machines, but it is not authorized to send mail
>>>   from my domain" - this result would typically indicate a compromised
>>>   machine - either trying to send out worms or spam.
>>>
>>>  "This is not one of my machines, and therefore it is not authorized
>>>   to send mail from my domain" - this result would either indicate
>>>   a forgery or perhaps a "roaming salesman" instance.
>>>
>>>What I don't quite see is how LMAP would distinguish between those two 
>>>cases - or if it can indeed do so.  Clarification, anyone?
>>
>>LMAP can't distinguish and it is IMHO irrelevant. The machine is not
>>authorized to send emails with a sender address from domain example.com,
>>regardless under whom's authority the machine is.
> 
> This is not relevant to MTA MARK, of course, but the issue is not
> irrelevant, as the appropriate reaction would be different.  In the 
> first case the the owners of the domain in question would hopefully
> want to track down the compromised machine and take care of the
> problem.
> 
> In the second case, the owners of the domain would only be interested 
> in tracking down the machine if they were planning to go after the
> person responsibel for well..."fraud".
> 
> I just brought this up because it seemed useful if LMAP would be able to
> distinguish between those two cases.

The appropriate reaction on the part of the recipient MTA (remember, 
there is no human involvement in the mail transport system after 
origination) is to reject the message with a PERMFAIL code. If LMAP 
catches on, the incidence of attempted domain fraud will drop because it 
will be clearly seen as futile. There's no reason to bother the domain 
owner to let them know that someone's committing fraud, the domain owner 
implemented LMAP so they would never have to hear about it. Similarly, 
if you were receiving clearly unauthorized or abusive traffic from a 
specific address, regardless of SMTP or otherwise, you would report it 
to the owner of the address range, just as it sometimes happens now. The 
address owner could coincide with the owner of the claimed domain, but 
that doesn't matter.

If Alan DeKok hasn't been following this, one of us may want to bring it 
to his attention. Considering that this point did spark some debate, 
verbiage might be necessary in the draft documenting this decision.

Philip Miller



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From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@ox.org>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 6. Proposals: MTA MARK vs port 25 filtering? 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Wed, 10 Dec 2003 23:35:01 +0100."
             <20031210223501.GB38275@Space.Net> 
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Date: Fri, 12 Dec 2003 10:58:21 -0500

Markus Stumpf <maex-lists-spam-ietf-asrg@Space.Net> wrote:
> There are two possible and effective points where to filter, they don't
> need to be disjoint
> a) at the borders of the ISP
> b) at he gate to the customer
> The cost factor is high for endusers and small companies. With customers
> complaining about unacceptable costs for 20 USD DSL flatrates it may be
> hard to argue: you have to buy a firewall of vendor X and pay 3000 USD
> else you won't get access.

  Then the ISP can filter any traffic which attacks the network
infrastructure.

> I am working at an ISP. Our contracts with our customers say that we
> deliver Internet from our borders to the gate at the customer and vice
> versa.
> We cannot start blocking ports as we like. We can't even block spamming
> hosts on our customer mailstores - unless they serverly damage operating
> of that mailstores.

  Then your AUP and/or contracts need to change.

  Your business model involves saving your customers money by allowing
them to attack me.  You then say there's nothing you can do about it,
because the contract *you* wrote & signed with the customer, prevents
you from holding them responsible for their behaviour.

  It's a cute trick, but it's evil.

  See the LMAP discussion paper.  The failure to account for *my*
costs means that your business model appears to be profitable, when it
really isn't.

> >   The problem is that spammers have exactly the same business model,
> > and we already know it's unethical.
> 
> I can't see what is ethical with censorship.

  Did I SAY "censorship"?  I don't see why you're creating a straw
man.


  This is why I put the rant about "free speech" into the first draft
of the LMAP discussion document.  Your customers "free speech" is
bullshit when you're forcing *me* to pay for it.

  If you hold your customers responsible for their behaviour, it's not
censorship, and there is no impact on "free speech".  Go back & read
the rants about "free speech" in the document.  They're very apropos.

> According to our contract they have free and uncensored access to
> the Internet.

  I understand how that's nice, in an ideal world.  The problem is
you're confusing "censorship" with "quality control".  You're
confusing "censorship" with "self-protection".  Your freedom to swing
your fist ends where my face begins.  It's not a difficult concept.


  Preventing your customers from sending forged messages which attack
the network infrastructure isn't censorship.  e.g. Most customers
could probably forge ICMP "destination unreachable" messages, for your
routers, web servers, etc., and drop them off of the net.  The only
reason you don't filter them is because it's difficult to do so.

  If your customers *were* forging such messages about your hosts,
you'd learn quickly to either filter them, or to drop them as
customers.  Complaints about "censorship" quickly become irrelevant
when it's your ass on the line, and your pocket paying for their
abusive behaviour.

  And what if your customers were forging messages about *me*?  Would
your contract prevent you from blocking that traffic, because you give
"uncensored" access to the net?  Why is your network so much more
important than mine?  Why shouldn't I claim the same thing about my
idiot customers who are attacking you?

  Why can't we *both* cooperate, to be responsible netizens?

  I don't understand what the problem is.

  Alan DeKok.

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Reply-To: <ngilman@gilmanresearch.com>
From: "Gilman Research Services" <ngilman@gilmanresearch.com>
To: <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] 2 Questions: History of "Challenge-Response" SPAM filter and Info re. Julian Byrne
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Hello Richard,

Thank you for forwarding the message on.  I appreciate any additional
information you come across.

Thanks again,

Norm Gilman
Gilman Research Services, LLC
42 W. 24th Street
New York, NY 10010
Office:   212-675-9655
Fax:      212-647-7175
Cell:     347-804-8790
ngilman@gilmanresearch.com




-----Original Message-----
From: Richard Welty [mailto:rwelty@averillpark.net]
Sent: Thursday, December 11, 2003 9:36 PM
To: ngilman@gilmanresearch.com
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 2 Questions: History of "Challenge-Response" SPAM
filter and Info re. Julian Byrne


i have forwarded your note to a group of people who were there
at the time and who will i am certain have a lot to tell you about
things back then.

challenge-response techniques were being developed extensively
in the 1994-1996 time frame, and in some cases for other types
of network abuse. for example, in late 1996/early 1997 the majordomo
mailing list manager introduced "confirmation" of subscriptions, a
variant on challenge-response, in order to bring an end to the
practice of "list bombing".

there is definitely prior art back into 1996 and possibily back into
1995 or even earlier; the folks to whom i forwarded your email
have a good handle on all this history.

richard
--
Richard Welty                                         rwelty@averillpark.net
Averill Park Networking                                         518-573-7592
    Java, PHP, PostgreSQL, Unix, Linux, IP Network Engineering, Security


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Date: Fri, 12 Dec 2003 08:36:15 -0800

At 09:17 PM 12/9/2003 +0100, Markus Stumpf wrote:
>On Tue, Dec 09, 2003 at 02:46:52PM -0500, Yakov Shafranovich wrote:
>> Would there be a difference if the message is forwarded through a list, 
>> or is transfered via multiple MTAs?
>
>No. Because MTAs add headers and zillions of maillinglists add nice
>(commercial/informational) trailers or remove attachments. Same for
>large companies that think adding pseudo legal disclaimers makes any
>difference.
>All these destroy the structure of the email. These are problems that
>e.g. PGP signers noticed long ago.

If the mailing list wants to modify the body of the message or a signed header, the mailing list software needs to check the signature of the message before forwarding it, and replace the signature with one valid for the mailing list itself, after adding whatever it wanted to add. The signature will need to be associated with the envelope-from address, rather than the from address.

-Jim


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Subject: Re: [Asrg] 2 Questions: History of "Challenge-Response" SPAM filter and Info re. Julian Byrne
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Gilman,

It depends what you consider is the "history of the strategy." and you need
to know a lot more about the history of 'mass telecomputing' - it did not
begin with the internet.   You need to know what keywords to search
"Challenge/Response or CR" is not it.

The strategy of a Callback Verifier (CBV) AKAT Challenge/Response system
dates back to the dawn of BBS (Bulletin Board Systems)  AKAT Internet
Hosting Server , in particular when they evolved to have programmable
languages AKAT Server-Side Scripting.   Same strategy and concept.  Now,
mind you, the social engineering of the time centered around verified the
caller or signup into a private BBS AKAT Intranet.  And for the most part,
new user signs up were giving a default "New User" Security Profile, and
many CBV systems were designed to not only verify a telephone number AKAT IP
Address (and possible his email address) but also automatically upgrade the
user access to "Registered" status once the user has been validated.

A simple search for "Verifier" on our exclusive customer-only
http://www.winserver.com  BBS/Support center in the File Area  yields at
least 60 3rd party CBV for our Wildcat! DOS version (no longer supported).
Here is the first 10 or so.

Area 6 - WC4 wcCODE Applications

AUTOS401.ZIP AUTO-SECURE 4.01, On-line User Security Verifier for WC! 4.01
64,625 11/29/94
BDBCBV20.ZIP BDBCBV v2.0 another EXCELLENT CBV for Wildcat! v4 (WCX 4.xx)
26,211 4/14/96
BESTCALL.ZIP THE BEST CALLback Verifier 4.4 $20 (MB GUARANTEE!) 125
FEATURES! 208,742 11/13/96
BESTLOCK.ZIP The BEST Lock-Out "Twilight Zone..." By The Makers Of Bestcall!
43,505 9/20/95
BESTPAGE.ZIP The (Absolute) BEST Pager Module... From the makers of
Bestcall! 41,601 4/11/95
BESTPEEK.ZIP The BEST Who's Online v2.2! By the Makers of Bestcall! 43,976
7/4/95
BESTWHO.ZIP The BESTwho Called Today .WCX program. From the makers of
Bestcall! 48,065 4/4/95
BLUE410.ZIP BlueCode Call Back Verifier Written in WCX v4.10... 5,032
3/27/95
BSSLGMAN.ZIP LogonManager for Wildcat 4.12 made w/ wcCODE 4,584 4/30/96
BYTEBACK.ZIP Tired of Bogus Users? Try the ByteBack!! Callback Verification
System 7,675 2/3/96
DCAT20.ZIP D'CatBack v2.0, Call-Back Verifier A wcCODE program for Wildcat!
4.x 30,441 6/26/95
FREECALL.ZIP freeCALL source code. A free callback verifier for Wildcat
4,376 11/29/94
ICECBV10.ZIP IceCbv v1.0 - IT WORKS! a WCCODE program written for Wildcat
4.11+ 8,814 7/20/95

Adding the keyword "email" to the search yields 3 for our Windows version
(current version).

Area 45 - WIN Server wcBasic

TELEFI11.ZIP Telefier v1.1 compiled in wcCODE a Telnet verifier for wins
37,987 3/27/97
WSWV.ZIP WS-WebVerify v3.0, Released 12:50 PM 4/25/1999. 85,185 10/28/99
WSWV206.ZIP WS-WebVerify http Security Verifier. *-Upgraded Version-* v2.0.6
236,479 2/14/99

But I won't base it on such a simple search.  Also, the dates are "Upload
Dates." Not the original design dates.  The Wildcat! DOS gain internet
support via UUCP (late 80s/early 90s) before the internet was widely
available.  So I am sure there were CBV systems that focused on validating
email addresses.

I can also put you in contact with the author of WS-WEBVerifiy who is an
beta tester, 3rd party developer and old customer of Wildcat dating back to
the DOS days.  I'm sure he can give you a good history and grasp on CBV
concepts back then and how it evolved today.

With that said, by no means, Wildcat! has a copyright on the CBV concept.
There were plenty of other BBS/internet ready systems during the 90s as
well.  None really survive like us but,  do a simple Google search for "CBV
BBS EMAIL" and you will find quite a few still being used or 3rd party files
archived.

So the history of the strategy is well documented in the BBS annals
including those evolved to be internet ready.   The difference today, the
focus is on SPAM.  Original the focus was on validating the "Access", the
ingredient that is missing with SMTP hence the problem.   Nonetheless, the
end result "strategy" is the same.  I should also note we researched C/R
back in a few years ago specifically for SMTP/EMAIL/WEB operations and it
was immediately discarded as an unreliable and social engineering nuisance.
However, we did switch to using the recommended permanent SMTP reject
response to address spams per the RFC 2505.  I believe one of the C/R patent
claims is based on the idea.

Word of advice to patenteneurs - Search the technology on BBS systems and
don't assume that life began with the internet and the web, and even thought
GOOGLE is a excellent research tool, you need to go find the BBSes which
still have many of the archives remaining from the hey-pre-internet BBS
days.

PS:  Petite left the Yanks! - OUCH!  George must be pissed.

---
Hector Santos, CTO
WINSERVER "Wildcat! Interactive Net Server"
support: http://www.winserver.com
sales: http://www.santronics.com

----- Original Message ----- 
From: "Gilman Research Services" <ngilman@gilmanresearch.com>
To: <asrg@ietf.org>
Sent: Thursday, December 11, 2003 8:59 PM
Subject: [Asrg] 2 Questions: History of "Challenge-Response" SPAM filter and
Info re. Julian Byrne


> Hello,
>
> I am a patent researcher conducting research into the history of
> "Challenge-Response" SPAM filters and would appreciate any assistance or
> guidance you can provide. I apologize if this is not exactly in keeping
with
> the list's posting guidelines.
>
> 1) I believe I am up to date on the current status of "Challenge-Response"
> SPAM filters but seem to have hit a dead end re. the history of the
> strategy.  Most references go back as far as 1996 and 1997 with newsgroup
> postings by Julian Byrne on the topic, i.e., "challenge-response antispam
> 'bot (CRABS) and others.  Can anyone provide me with any additional
> references that pre-date 1997?
>
> 2) Secondly, does anyone have any additional information re. Julian Byrne?
> There appears to be no posting by the professor after 1998 and he is no
> longer at Monash University in AU. Again and information would be
> appreciated.
>
> Thank you in advance for your patience and time.
>
> Sincerely,
>
> Norm Gilman
> Gilman Research Services, LLC
>
>
>
>
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg
>



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To: Alan DeKok <aland@ox.org>
Cc: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 6. Proposals: MTA MARK vs port 25 filtering?
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Date: Fri, 12 Dec 2003 22:43:27 +0100

Hoi Alan,

On Fri, Dec 12, 2003 at 10:58:21AM -0500, Alan DeKok wrote:
> > We cannot start blocking ports as we like. We can't even block spamming
> > hosts on our customer mailstores - unless they serverly damage operating
> > of that mailstores.
> 
>   Then your AUP and/or contracts need to change.

No. It's just like if you are living in a country like the USA or
Germany or a lot of other states you are free to go wherever you want.
If you fail to adhere to the agreed upon social system you get busted.
It's not that you are put in prison and if you can prove that you can behave
in that room you're allowed to move in a house and after that you can
also use the garden and if you dfo that fine you're allowed to talk to
your neighbors.

>   Your business model involves saving your customers money by allowing
> them to attack me.  You then say there's nothing you can do about it,
> because the contract *you* wrote & signed with the customer, prevents
> you from holding them responsible for their behaviour.

Where did I say that?
I said we have contracts with our customers and I cannot go and start
blocking port 25 on the border routers "just because". We can and we did
pull the plug of abusive/spamming customers or 0wned hosts.

The structure of the Internet is a peering model and it works because of
that. If you don't like it you have to make contracts with everyone you
want to talk to and without a contract none can talk to you. That's a
different model, but it's not the Internet.

>   See the LMAP discussion paper.  The failure to account for *my*
> costs means that your business model appears to be profitable, when it
> really isn't.

Sorry, but this is a cruel world.
I don't steal and I don't want to pay the extra money that the stores
charge to compensate for stolen goods. So I think nobody should be allowed
into a store where I but things unless he can prove that he will not steal.
Nice try, but our world works on the presumption of innocence and I think
it is good that way.

> > >   The problem is that spammers have exactly the same business model,
> > > and we already know it's unethical.
> > I can't see what is ethical with censorship.
>   Did I SAY "censorship"?  I don't see why you're creating a straw
> man.
> 
>   This is why I put the rant about "free speech" into the first draft
> of the LMAP discussion document.  Your customers "free speech" is
> bullshit when you're forcing *me* to pay for it.

No it is different. I am not saying that everyone should be allowed to
say anything in any way he wants and surely not at 4 a.m. with a speaker
van at 10000 watts.
But with the presumption of innocence each one should be allowed to send
a mail to another person on the internet without some authority blocking
it by default "just because". English is not my mother language so maybe
censorship in English is not the word for what I want to express.
Sorry if this is the case. I don't know if "filter" would be a better
word.

>   I understand how that's nice, in an ideal world.  The problem is
> you're confusing "censorship" with "quality control".  You're
> confusing "censorship" with "self-protection".  Your freedom to swing
> your fist ends where my face begins.  It's not a difficult concept.

There is no way for any mailserver administrator or ISP or router admin
to decide whether a customers mail is "good" or "bad" unless he can read
the email. Reading and controlling each and every email before letting
it pass the border of your IT infrastructure is impossible for anyone/
any business with more than 100 emails a day and 5 people. Even more if
you have to take care about data protection.
So it is useless to block port 25 for everyone "just because".
We have an AUP that forbids to send "bad" mails (whatever that means, in
our case it's including UCE and spam) and we can take actions if a customer
fails to adhere. But unless he fails, he has free and unfiltered access to
the Internet and IMHO this is a good thing.

>   Preventing your customers from sending forged messages which attack
> the network infrastructure isn't censorship.  e.g. Most customers
> could probably forge ICMP "destination unreachable" messages, for your
> routers, web servers, etc., and drop them off of the net.

No, they can't.
Our routers do know which side the addresses may come from.

>   And what if your customers were forging messages about *me*?  Would
> your contract prevent you from blocking that traffic, because you give
> "uncensored" access to the net?

No. As I said, we can/do/did disconnect customers if they are abusive.
But as each ISP sells connectivity they get connectivity, unfiltered -
unless they are abusive.

>   I don't understand what the problem is.

Nor do I ;-)

	\Maex

-- 
SpaceNet AG            | Joseph-Dollinger-Bogen 14 | Fon: +49 (89) 32356-0
Research & Development |       D-80807 Muenchen    | Fax: +49 (89) 32356-299
"The security, stability and reliability of a computer system is reciprocally
 proportional to the amount of vacuity between the ears of the admin"

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Subject: RE: [Asrg] 2 Questions: History of "Challenge-Response" SPAM
	filter and Info re. Julian Byrne
From: rm <rm@crescentconstruction.com>
To: ngilman@gilmanresearch.com
Cc: asrg@ietf.org
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On Fri, 2003-12-12 at 10:34, Gilman Research Services wrote:

> challenge-response techniques were being developed extensively
> in the 1994-1996 time frame, and in some cases for other types
> of network abuse. for example, in late 1996/early 1997 the majordomo
> mailing list manager introduced "confirmation" of subscriptions, a
> variant on challenge-response, in order to bring an end to the
> practice of "list bombing".
> 
> there is definitely prior art back into 1996 and possibily back into
> 1995 or even earlier; the folks to whom i forwarded your email
> have a good handle on all this history.

We'd done a patent search regarding an email invention we developed a 
couple of years ago.  The earliest "challenge response" patent that we 
turned up was US 6,199,102B1 by Christopher Alan Cobb, filed August 26,
1997.

If you'd like any other particulars, I'd be happy to address them
"off list" if you like.

good luck

regis,
-- 
rm <rm@crescentconstruction.com>


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From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@ox.org>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 6. Proposals: MTA MARK vs port 25 filtering? 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Fri, 12 Dec 2003 22:43:27 +0100."
             <20031212214327.GD20229@Space.Net> 
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Date: Fri, 12 Dec 2003 17:07:19 -0500

Markus Stumpf <maex-lists-spam-ietf-asrg@Space.Net> wrote:
> But with the presumption of innocence each one should be allowed to send
> a mail to another person on the internet without some authority blocking
> it by default "just because".

  My whole point is that you may have *reasons* for blocking port 25:
The user didn't accept responsibility for traffic being sent to that
port, coming from his network.

  Similarly, you probably block BGP connections from people you don't
have peering agreements with.  I don't see how blocking any other
protocol is different.

> Reading and controlling each and every email before letting
> it pass the border of your IT infrastructure is impossible for anyone/
> any business with more than 100 emails a day and 5 people. Even more if
> you have to take care about data protection.

  Again, I have NEVER said that doing this would be a good idea.  I
don't see why you're bringing it up.  It simply isn't relevant.

> We have an AUP that forbids to send "bad" mails (whatever that means, in
> our case it's including UCE and spam) and we can take actions if a customer
> fails to adhere. But unless he fails, he has free and unfiltered access to
> the Internet and IMHO this is a good thing.

  The point I was trying to make is simple: I don't understand why
you're treating SMTP different on one hand (you have an AUP), but then
claiming you're not treating it differently on the other (you claim to
give free and un-filtered access to the net.)

  You've already decided that you have NOT given your customers
absolutely free and totally unfiltered access to the net, so stop
trying to pretend otherwise.  You're already filtering network traffic
you find abusive, or which attacks your local infrastructure.

  It makes sense to me, then, if we both agree to each filter network
traffic which abuses the other person.  It just saves time, money, and
work for everyone.

> > e.g. Most customers
> > could probably forge ICMP "destination unreachable" messages, for your
> > routers, web servers, etc., and drop them off of the net.
> 
> No, they can't.
> Our routers do know which side the addresses may come from.

  So you're doing even more filtering than you said originally.  Why
not extend that filtering to network abuse *other* than forged
packets?


  My point is that "free and unfiltered access to the net" does not
exist for the vast majority of people.  ISP's are already limiting the
things they let customers do.  Things like MTAMark or port 25
filtering, are less than optimal, but they won't result in the
destruction of the Internet, or even the "end to end" principle.  SMTP
has never been "end to end".

  RFC 2487, Section 7, Security Considerations, says:

	...
	It should be noted that SMTP is not an end-to-end mechanism
	...

  See?  You can filter port 25 without the Internet exploding.  The
RFC's say so.

  Alan DeKok.

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From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@ox.org>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: [Asrg] 4a. Taxonomy.  Censorship vs. filtering
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Date: Fri, 12 Dec 2003 17:16:35 -0500 (EST)

  For those who are don't read long messages, I'd like to summarize my
thoughts in a short message.

  Censorship =~ rejection of traffic based on content

  filtering =~ rejection of traffic based on invalid control messages

  Unlike Telecom, IP sends control traffic "in-band".  This means that
when that control traffic is filtered, people get confused, and call
it "censorship".

  It's not censorship to put a notch filter at 2600Hz on payphones.

  It's not censorship to block traffic from 127/8 on the backbone.

  Both filters block invalid control signals from propagating
throughout the network.  Most users have no business sending such
signals.

  Put another way, control signals are only permitted through prior
business arrangements, which are negotiated outside of the network.
People who don't have those business arrangements are called
"customers", not "peers".  They have no business (literally) sending
control signals.  Such false signals are called "attacks", or "abuse
of the network".

  Alan DeKok.

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From: David Maxwell <david@crlf.net>
To: Markus Stumpf <maex-lists-spam-ietf-asrg@Space.Net>
Cc: Alan DeKok <aland@ox.org>, asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 6. Proposals: MTA MARK vs port 25 filtering?
Message-ID: <20031213034355.GU29673@mail>
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Date: Fri, 12 Dec 2003 22:43:55 -0500

On Fri, Dec 12, 2003 at 10:43:27PM +0100, Markus Stumpf wrote:
> Hoi Alan,
> 
> On Fri, Dec 12, 2003 at 10:58:21AM -0500, Alan DeKok wrote:
> > > We cannot start blocking ports as we like. We can't even block spamming
> > > hosts on our customer mailstores - unless they serverly damage operating
> > > of that mailstores.
> > 
> >   Then your AUP and/or contracts need to change.
> 
> No. It's just like if you are living in a country like the USA or
> Germany or a lot of other states you are free to go wherever you want.
> If you fail to adhere to the agreed upon social system you get busted.

One simple question...

If it was generally agreed that port 25 filtering would significantly
reduce spam, then wouldn't it make sense for people to agree to have
that filtering applied to their network, in order to cooperate for the
greater good?

On the flip side, with regard to anyone who didn't want their network
filtered...  "what are they afraid of"?


You clearly don't need to filter port 25 from the entire customer
network - just from everything but their MTA.  If any customer refuses,
please publish their netmask, so we can block traffic from such
irresponsible netizens...

-- 
David Maxwell, david@vex.net|david@maxwell.net -->
Any sufficiently advanced Common Sense will seem like magic... 
					      - me


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From: "Mark" <asarian@xs4all.nl>
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References: <20031210223501.GB38275@Space.Net> <20031212155821.C842716CFA@mail.nitros9.org> <20031212214327.GD20229@Space.Net> <20031213034355.GU29673@mail>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 6. Proposals: MTA MARK vs port 25 filtering?
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----- Original Message ----- 
From: "David Maxwell" <david@crlf.net>
To: "Markus Stumpf" <maex-lists-spam-ietf-asrg@Space.Net>
Cc: "Alan DeKok" <aland@ox.org>; <asrg@ietf.org>
Sent: Saturday, December 13, 2003 4:42 AM
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 6. Proposals: MTA MARK vs port 25 filtering?


> On the flip side, with regard to anyone who didn't want their
> network filtered...  "what are they afraid of"?

As one running my server on a small business type DSL connection, allow me
to show you the other side of the medal.

I do not trust my ISP, or any ISP for that matter, to handle my SMTP
traffic. And why? Because having to share an SMTP server with hundreds of
other customers, means I am completely at the mercy of my ISP, and have to
rely on them being responsible. And you know what? They never are. Is the
ISP SMTP server blacklisted somewhere? They do not care; or do not
understand; or do not care enough to understand. To them, I am just one of a
few thousand clients -- see if they care. Oh yes, I was with one of those,
before. You call them, fill in their silly forms at their equally silly web
sites. But, bottom-line, you either never hear back from them, or they
totally brush you off.

I, on the other hand, consider myself a trusted person. :) Though I service
no more than a few hundred users, I run a tight ship, and no spam, or virus,
ever leaves my system. At least not without the client losing his account. I
am not blacklisted anywhere, and probably never will be.

So, I ask my ISP, and any ISP here for that matter, are you willing, and
prepared to put that willingness into contract, that you will guarantee that
your SMTP server will not be blacklisted? Of course, they are quick to
respond that they cannot guarantee any such thing, as blacklisting elsewhere
is not their decision. True, naturally; but, in practice it just means an
ISP uses that excuse to remain lazy and irresponsible. What they want,
really, is your monthly fee. Anything else just makes you an annoying, pesky
customer.

Besides, as a client, you never get to talk to the admin of your ISP. Who
again so aptly mentioned 'flappers' here? You get to a helpdesk flapper, who
understands nothing, and is basically just trained to ask people to plug in
their cables properly, That's about all he can do for you; and all which is
mostly required.

Basically, these odd proposals to block port 25, for home users, is
tantamount to saying only ISP's can run servers. Because that, in effect, is
what it boils down to. So then, what happened to the core function of an
ISP? To provide access to the Internet? I pay good money each month to have
that access, which includes my own mail server. In return, my ISP can
disallow access should abuse occur. But I can live with that, as I know I
will not abuse my connection. I wish I could say the same about my ISP.

- Mark



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From: "Tomi Panula-Ontto" <tomi@panula-ont.to>
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References: <20031210223501.GB38275@Space.Net> <20031212155821.C842716CFA@mail.nitros9.org> <20031212214327.GD20229@Space.Net>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 6. Proposals: MTA MARK vs port 25 filtering?
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----- Original Message ----- 
From: "Markus Stumpf" <maex-lists-spam-ietf-asrg@Space.Net>
To: "Alan DeKok" <aland@ox.org>
Cc: <asrg@ietf.org>
Sent: Friday, December 12, 2003 11:43 PM
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 6. Proposals: MTA MARK vs port 25 filtering?


> Hoi Alan,
[cut]
> On Fri, Dec 12, 2003 at 10:58:21AM -0500, Alan DeKok wrote:
> There is no way for any mailserver administrator or ISP or router admin
> to decide whether a customers mail is "good" or "bad" unless he can read
> the email. Reading and controlling each and every email before letting
> it pass the border of your IT infrastructure is impossible for anyone/
> any business with more than 100 emails a day and 5 people. Even more if
> you have to take care about data protection.
> So it is useless to block port 25 for everyone "just because".
> We have an AUP that forbids to send "bad" mails (whatever that means, in
> our case it's including UCE and spam) and we can take actions if a
customer
> fails to adhere. But unless he fails, he has free and unfiltered access to
> the Internet and IMHO this is a good thing.

This is exactly why MTAMark or ReverseMX should be in use.

Customers can take unrestricted connections to anywhere. It's
just that they have to use MTA of the ISP for sending smtp messages
or ask the ISP to register customers own MTA to the reverse dns.
It's up to the receiving MTA to utilize that information.

Besides, blocking some defined port propably works as long as
SRV record is not widely utilized.
(http://www.menandmice.com/online_docs_and_faq/glossary/glossarytoc.htm?srv.
record.htm)

Tomi





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From exim@www1.ietf.org  Sat Dec 13 07:12:47 2003
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In-Reply-To:  <200312122216.hBCMGZA18548@newgiles.nitros9.org>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 4a. Taxonomy.  Censorship vs. filtering
To: "ASRG" <asrg@ietf.org>
From: "Jon Kyme" <jrk@merseymail.com>
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Date: Sat, 13 Dec 2003 12:11:40 +0000

>   For those who are don't read long messages, I'd like to summarize my
> thoughts in a short message.
> 
> 
>   Censorship =~ rejection of traffic based on content
> 
>   filtering =~ rejection of traffic based on invalid control messages
> 
>   Unlike Telecom, IP sends control traffic "in-band".  This means that
> when that control traffic is filtered, people get confused, and call
> it "censorship".
> 

Can someone remind me why "censorship" must be a Bad Thing. As long as it's
explicit and appropriately authorised, I don't see any sensible objection.

Of course the word "censorship" carries a lot of emotional weight for some
people - I'm not sure it can be defined in narrowly technicals terms as
above - even approximately - It's a social thang.







--

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Subject: RE: [Asrg] 4a. Taxonomy.  Censorship vs. filtering
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Date: Sat, 13 Dec 2003 10:16:18 -0500
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> -----Original Message-----
> From: asrg-admin@ietf.org [mailto:asrg-admin@ietf.org] On 
> Behalf Of Jon Kyme
> Sent: Saturday, December 13, 2003 7:12 AM
> To: ASRG
> Subject: Re: [Asrg] 4a. Taxonomy. Censorship vs. filtering
> 
> >   For those who are don't read long messages, I'd like to 
> summarize my 
> > thoughts in a short message.
> > 
> > 
> >   Censorship =~ rejection of traffic based on content
> > 
> >   filtering =~ rejection of traffic based on invalid 
> control messages
> > 
> >   Unlike Telecom, IP sends control traffic "in-band".  This 
> means that 
> > when that control traffic is filtered, people get confused, 
> and call 
> > it "censorship".
> > 
> 
> Can someone remind me why "censorship" must be a Bad Thing. 
> As long as it's explicit and appropriately authorised, I 
> don't see any sensible objection.
> 
> Of course the word "censorship" carries a lot of emotional 
> weight for some people - I'm not sure it can be defined in 
> narrowly technicals terms as above - even approximately - 
> It's a social thang.
> 
> 

Well I think there are several reasons why Alan's comments are "right".

First thing is:
Filtering the content of a message is *subjective* not *objective* like the
issues with
"This is art!" and "No it's porn!" too much ambiguity and room for "wiggle".
This relates to what has been said about classifying "SPAM" Vs. "HAM" some
folks want to get what you might call "SPAM".

Next thing is an offshoot of the first:
I can write a program to reject a connection based on IP or based on some
other set criteria and it can be verified to work 100% of the time. (well
99.9999% or whatever in the "real world")
But as far as I know of no one can write a program that will be 100% correct
in processing random text, we do not yet have a system that can write, read
or "Understand" human communications
(where's Hal 9000 when you need him?)

And there are the legal issues:
If you permit some content to be "Published" and not other like or simmilar
content then you are engaging in the role
Of "Editor / Publisher" ISP's found that this can get them into legal
hassles .... USNET News / NNTP servers 
ISP's found that to stay clear of some problems they had to take a "Use at
your risk, we do not edit / monitor the content here" policy.

If you can be shown to Edit and control the publishing of content then you
can be sued for what content you chose to publish and for what content you
chose not to publish.
Freedom of the press and all that....


   Censorship =~ rejection of traffic based on content
Is a mine field that can and will get you hurt.
NOTE:  if you censor *your* inbox that's filtering, the issue is when some
third party does it "on your behalf"

 filtering =~ rejection of traffic based on invalid control messages
Safe and legal.... Can be strutured as an "Objective" system.

Does that make this more clear?

Alan: are we close here? I hope we are on the same line of reason on
this....

> 
> 
> 
> 
> 
> --
> 
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg
> 


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From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@ox.org>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 4a. Taxonomy. Censorship vs. filtering 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Sat, 13 Dec 2003 12:11:40 GMT."
             <E1AV8cW-0004jX-Is@argon.connect.org.uk> 
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Date: Sat, 13 Dec 2003 12:01:49 -0500

"Jon Kyme" <jrk@merseymail.com> wrote:
> Can someone remind me why "censorship" must be a Bad Thing. As long as it's
> explicit and appropriately authorised, I don't see any sensible objection.

  Which leads back to consent.  Consensual censorship systems are
reasonable.  The problem is that most censorship systems are
non-consensual, and people confuse the issues of consent and
censorship.

  Corporations censor their incoming and outgoing mail, for reasons of
legality, privacy, security, and trade secrets.  This isn't viewed as
bad.

  But ISP's censoring network traffic is seen as inappropriate,
because of the idea that Internet access is "free and unfettered".
The problem I have is that that idea was never a reality, and many
people can't move beyond the idea, to acknowledge that it's only an
idea, and that reality is different.

> Of course the word "censorship" carries a lot of emotional weight for some
> people - I'm not sure it can be defined in narrowly technicals terms as
> above - even approximately - It's a social thang.

  Any party other than the data originator or recipient which blocks
traffic based on *data* content is censoring the traffic.  The
backbone routers don't censor traffic, but they may choose to block
attacks on themselves.

  Alan DeKok.


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From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@ox.org>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 4a. Taxonomy. Censorship vs. filtering 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Sat, 13 Dec 2003 10:16:18 EST."
             <200312131016477.SM04408@viper1> 
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Date: Sat, 13 Dec 2003 12:08:50 -0500

denny@figuerres.com wrote:
> If you can be shown to Edit and control the publishing of content then you
> can be sued for what content you chose to publish and for what content you
> chose not to publish.

  Exactly.  This is why I've pushed for our corporate IT people to
block distribution of usenet porn groups into the company for the
*correct* reason: It uses too much bandwidth.  Other newsgroups
distributing executables are blocked for the same reason.

  If we had blocked it because it was "porn", then we could be held
responsible for censoring it, and a huge legal quagmire opens up.

> Alan: are we close here? I hope we are on the same line of reason on
> this....

  Pretty much.

  I think I'll add these definitions to the LMAP discussion paper, in
place of the rant about "free speech".  The issues have to be
addressed, but it's better to address them in a positive manner than
in a negative one.

  Alan DeKok.

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In-Reply-To:  <200312131016477.SM04408@viper1>
Subject: Re: RE: [Asrg] 4a. Taxonomy.  Censorship vs. filtering
To: "ASRG" <asrg@ietf.org>
From: "Jon Kyme" <jrk@merseymail.com>
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Date: Sat, 13 Dec 2003 17:11:07 +0000

>  
> 
> 
> > -----Original Message-----
> > From: asrg-admin@ietf.org [mailto:asrg-admin@ietf.org] On 
> > Behalf Of Jon Kyme
> > Sent: Saturday, December 13, 2003 7:12 AM
> > To: ASRG
> > Subject: Re: [Asrg] 4a. Taxonomy. Censorship vs. filtering
> > 
> > >   For those who are don't read long messages, I'd like to 
> > summarize my 
> > > thoughts in a short message.
> > > 
> > > 
> > >   Censorship =~ rejection of traffic based on content
> > > 
> > >   filtering =~ rejection of traffic based on invalid 
> > control messages
> > > 
> > >   Unlike Telecom, IP sends control traffic "in-band".  This 
> > means that 
> > > when that control traffic is filtered, people get confused, 
> > and call 
> > > it "censorship".
> > > 
> > 
> > Can someone remind me why "censorship" must be a Bad Thing. 
> > As long as it's explicit and appropriately authorised, I 
> > don't see any sensible objection.
> 
> Well I think there are several reasons why Alan's comments are "right".
> 
> First thing is:
> Filtering the content of a message is *subjective* not *objective* like
> the
> issues with
> "This is art!" and "No it's porn!" too much ambiguity and room for
> "wiggle".
> This relates to what has been said about classifying "SPAM" Vs. "HAM"
> some
> folks want to get what you might call "SPAM".
> 
> Next thing is an offshoot of the first:
> I can write a program to reject a connection based on IP or based on some
> other set criteria and it can be verified to work 100% of the time. (well
> 99.9999% or whatever in the "real world")
> But as far as I know of no one can write a program that will be 100%
> correct
> in processing random text, we do not yet have a system that can write,
> read
> or "Understand" human communications
> (where's Hal 9000 when you need him?)
> 
> And there are the legal issues:
> If you permit some content to be "Published" and not other like or
> simmilar
> content then you are engaging in the role
> Of "Editor / Publisher" ISP's found that this can get them into legal
> hassles .... USNET News / NNTP servers 
> ISP's found that to stay clear of some problems they had to take a "Use
> at
> your risk, we do not edit / monitor the content here" policy.
> 
> If you can be shown to Edit and control the publishing of content then
> you
> can be sued for what content you chose to publish and for what content
> you
> chose not to publish.
> Freedom of the press and all that....
> 
> 
>    Censorship =~ rejection of traffic based on content
> Is a mine field that can and will get you hurt.
> NOTE: if you censor *your* inbox that's filtering, the issue is when some
> third party does it "on your behalf"
> 

But if "they" are doing it on my behalf and according to my expressed
wishes, I don't have a problem. That's what I mean - it's a social rather
than a technical distinction. Also, it's clear that an objective measure
can be *evaluated* in a subjective context. Consider "filtering" based on
source IP. "Publishing" is a bit of a red herring here. IANAL but I can't
see how enforcing an agreed policy for communications to a named recipient
can have anything to do with "publishing".



>  filtering =~ rejection of traffic based on invalid control messages
> Safe and legal.... Can be strutured as an "Objective" system.
> 
> Does that make this more clear?
> 

No. It's not the sort of thing that's easy to make clear. It's one of those
"human communications" things you mentioned.
I think that we're in danger of making ourselves look very foolish by
trying to define something like censorship. Define "filter" by all means.
And remember, that of all the possible communication aimed at you, this
group is chartered for the purpose of researching how you might select just
that communication that you consent to. Equally, organisations must have
the right to apply organisational policy to the communications of their
members.







--

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From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@ox.org>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 6. Proposals: MTA MARK vs port 25 filtering? 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Sat, 13 Dec 2003 05:28:07 +0100."
             <062501c3c131$87641fb0$034fa8c0@asarianhost> 
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Date: Sat, 13 Dec 2003 12:21:52 -0500

"Mark" <asarian@xs4all.nl> wrote:
> Basically, these odd proposals to block port 25, for home users, is
> tantamount to saying only ISP's can run servers.

  I disagree.  No one has ever talked about blocking port 25 for *all*
users.  Port 25 blocking is only for users who have not agreed to be
held responsible for the messages they send.

  And if your ISP still blocks outbound 25, then there's a business
incentive for someone to start up authenticated, responsible, and
stable relays.

> So then, what happened to the core function of an ISP? To provide
> access to the Internet? I pay good money each month to have that
> access, which includes my own mail server.

  How does anyone else know?  I've been harping on this topic for a
long time, and it keeps getting ignored.

> In return, my ISP can disallow access should abuse occur. But I can
> live with that, as I know I will not abuse my connection. I wish I
> could say the same about my ISP.

  How do *I* tell your "responsible" MTA from an "owned" machine
sending spam?  I understand your side of the problem: you want to send
mail.  Please *think*, and try to understand my side of the problem:
Without some additional information, you look *exactly* like a spammer
to me.

  What information are you willing to provide to a recipient, to
demonstrate that you are responsible?  What information will make the
recipient believe you are responsible?

  I don't understand this fervent opposition to change, and to any
attempt to hold people responsible.  If the first axiom of ASRG is
that we're not going to change anything, and we're going to provide
free, unfettered, bare-ass-open access to the net; then we've just
decided to NOT address the spam problem.

  Alan DeKok.

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From: "Denny Figuerres" <denny@figuerres.com>
To: "'ASRG'" <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: RE: [Asrg] 4a. Taxonomy.  Censorship vs. filtering
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> -----Original Message-----
> From: asrg-admin@ietf.org [mailto:asrg-admin@ietf.org] On 
> Behalf Of Jon Kyme
> Sent: Saturday, December 13, 2003 12:11 PM
> To: ASRG
> Subject: Re: RE: [Asrg] 4a. Taxonomy. Censorship vs. filtering
> 
> >  
> > 
> > 
> > > -----Original Message-----
> > > From: asrg-admin@ietf.org [mailto:asrg-admin@ietf.org] On 
> Behalf Of 
> > > Jon Kyme
> > > Sent: Saturday, December 13, 2003 7:12 AM
> > > To: ASRG
> > > Subject: Re: [Asrg] 4a. Taxonomy. Censorship vs. filtering
> > > 
> > > >   For those who are don't read long messages, I'd like to
> > > summarize my
> > > > thoughts in a short message.
> > > > 
> > > > 
> > > >   Censorship =~ rejection of traffic based on content
> > > > 
> > > >   filtering =~ rejection of traffic based on invalid
> > > control messages
> > > > 
> > > >   Unlike Telecom, IP sends control traffic "in-band".  This
> > > means that
> > > > when that control traffic is filtered, people get confused,
> > > and call
> > > > it "censorship".
> > > > 
> > > 
> > > Can someone remind me why "censorship" must be a Bad Thing. 
> > > As long as it's explicit and appropriately authorised, I 
> don't see 
> > > any sensible objection.
> > 
> > Well I think there are several reasons why Alan's comments 
> are "right".
> > 
> > First thing is:
> > Filtering the content of a message is *subjective* not *objective* 
> > like the issues with "This is art!" and "No it's porn!" too much 
> > ambiguity and room for "wiggle".
> > This relates to what has been said about classifying "SPAM" 
> Vs. "HAM"
> > some
> > folks want to get what you might call "SPAM".
> > 
> > Next thing is an offshoot of the first:
> > I can write a program to reject a connection based on IP or 
> based on 
> > some other set criteria and it can be verified to work 100% of the 
> > time. (well 99.9999% or whatever in the "real world") But 
> as far as I 
> > know of no one can write a program that will be 100% correct in 
> > processing random text, we do not yet have a system that can write, 
> > read or "Understand" human communications (where's Hal 9000 
> when you 
> > need him?)
> > 
> > And there are the legal issues:
> > If you permit some content to be "Published" and not other like or 
> > simmilar content then you are engaging in the role Of "Editor / 
> > Publisher" ISP's found that this can get them into legal 
> hassles .... 
> > USNET News / NNTP servers ISP's found that to stay clear of some 
> > problems they had to take a "Use at your risk, we do not edit / 
> > monitor the content here" policy.
> > 
> > If you can be shown to Edit and control the publishing of 
> content then 
> > you can be sued for what content you chose to publish and for what 
> > content you chose not to publish.
> > Freedom of the press and all that....
> > 
> > 
> >    Censorship =~ rejection of traffic based on content Is a 
> mine field 
> > that can and will get you hurt.
> > NOTE: if you censor *your* inbox that's filtering, the 
> issue is when 
> > some third party does it "on your behalf"
> > 
> 
> But if "they" are doing it on my behalf and according to my 
> expressed wishes, I don't have a problem. That's what I mean 
> - it's a social rather than a technical distinction. Also, 
> it's clear that an objective measure can be *evaluated* in a 
> subjective context. Consider "filtering" based on source IP. 
> "Publishing" is a bit of a red herring here. IANAL but I 
> can't see how enforcing an agreed policy for communications 
> to a named recipient can have anything to do with "publishing".
>
Sorry My Bad !

"They" and Consent and censorship:

Just imagine this:

Spam.com is sending to isp.com's users such as smith@isp.com

Smith and others *DO WANT* spam blocked.
Isp.com is doing what the users have asked for.

Spam.com sues isp.com for "censorship and the right to free speech"
Now I think we would all tend to see this as a nasty way for spamers to
harras the isp.
But in the legal system if the legal staff working for spam.com build the
right case and take it to court they will get a court order for isp.com
To stop censoring while the court studys the issues.
And spam.com starts filing motions and drags it on for as long as they
can....
And you get spam you do not want ....

It's evil, it's nasty, but it can be done..... The spamer just has to get
creative, like using the can spam bill as a crutch:
I will let the users at isp.com "opt out" but first they need to get my
messaage and visit my "Opt out" web site, I am not doing anything wrong
here.
In fact isp.com is at fault as they are circumventing the means for the
optout system to work. So if isp.com is suffering form to much email it is
their fault...
And if spam.com gets just one person at isp.com to ask for the spam.... The
case just gets uglyer....

See what I mean now??

 
> 
> 
> >  filtering =~ rejection of traffic based on invalid control 
> messages 
> > Safe and legal.... Can be strutured as an "Objective" system.
> > 
> > Does that make this more clear?
> > 
> 
> No. It's not the sort of thing that's easy to make clear. 
> It's one of those "human communications" things you mentioned.
> I think that we're in danger of making ourselves look very 
> foolish by trying to define something like censorship. Define 
> "filter" by all means.
> And remember, that of all the possible communication aimed at 
> you, this group is chartered for the purpose of researching 
> how you might select just that communication that you consent 
> to. Equally, organisations must have the right to apply 
> organisational policy to the communications of their members.
> 
> 
> 
> 
> 
> 
> 
> --
> 
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg
> 


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From: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 6. Proposals: MTA MARK vs port 25 filtering?
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Alan DeKok wrote:
>   I don't understand this fervent opposition to change, and to any
> attempt to hold people responsible.  If the first axiom of ASRG is
> that we're not going to change anything, and we're going to provide
> free, unfettered, bare-ass-open access to the net; then we've just
> decided to NOT address the spam problem.
> 

People are always resistant to change but the ASRG will recommend 
changes, it is eneviatable. Unfortunatly, the Internet is no longer the 
nice free playground for researchers that it used to be.

HOWEVER, what we are seeking to do is to make the least possible changes 
at the most maximum benefit. Therefore, we are seeking where the 
Internet can be changed or adjusted in order to obtain maximum benefit.

Yakov
-------
Yakov Shafranovich / asrg <at> shaftek.org
SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc. / research <at> solidmatrix.com
"Power tends to corrupt, and absolute power corrupts absolutely" (Lord 
Acton)
-------


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From: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>
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Your system has begun to bounce email from both my personal and
corporate addresses. I am sending this email to the list as a measure of 
last resort.

Yakov

-------- Original Message --------
Subject: Mail delivery failed: returning message to sender
Date: Sat, 13 Dec 2003 19:08:18 -0500
From: Mail Delivery System

This message was created automatically by mail delivery software (Exim).

A message that you sent could not be delivered to one or more of its
recipients. This is a permanent error. The following address(es) failed:

   winserver.support@winserver.com
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by filter.


-------
Yakov Shafranovich / asrg <at> shaftek.org
SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc. / research <at> solidmatrix.com
"I want to know G-d's thoughts... the rest are details" (Albert Einstein)
-------


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From: asrg@johnlevine.com (John R. Levine)
To: asrg@ietf.org
Newsgroups: iecc.lists.asrg
In-Reply-To: <20031213153328.SM04408@viper1>
Organization: I.E.C.C., Trumansburg NY USA
Subject: [Asrg] Re: 4a. Taxonomy.  Censorship vs. filtering and playing lawyer
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Date: 14 Dec 2003 01:22:12 -0000

>Spam.com sues isp.com for "censorship and the right to free speech"

In the United States, at least, isp.com cites 47 USC 230 and a variety
of precedents that confirm that the First Amendment applies to the
government and not to private parties, gets the case dismissed with
predjudice, and is awarded court costs because the case was without
merit.

I realize that laws are different in other countries, but in the US
the law gives provides broad immunity from liability due to good faith
efforts to filter offensive material.  The law was originally written
with web porn filters in mind, but it's broadly written and applies to
spam filtering as well.  Section 8(c) of the new CAN SPAM act which
will be signed into law any day now confirms that ISPs may have "a
policy of declining to transmit, route, relay, handle, or store
certain types of electronic mail messages."  Being sued for good faith
spam filtering simply isn't an issue here.

Since this is not a legal discussion and as far as I know none of the
participants (including me) are lawyers or otherwise qualified to
opine on the law, I'd appreciate it if people would refrain from
discussing legal topics except insofar as they bear directly on some
activity of ASRG, identify the country whose laws apply, and cite a
law or precedent other than "well, it might happen" for authority.

Regards,
John Levine, johnl@iecc.com, Primary Perpetrator of "The Internet for Dummies",
Information Superhighwayman wanna-be, http://iecc.com/johnl, Sewer Commissioner
"A book is a sneeze." - E.B. White, on the writing of Charlotte's Web


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From: "Mark" <asarian@xs4all.nl>
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] 6. Proposals: MTA MARK vs port 25 filtering? 
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----- Original Message -----
From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@ox.org>
To: <asrg@ietf.org>
Sent: Saturday, December 13, 2003 6:22 PM
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 6. Proposals: MTA MARK vs port 25 filtering?

> > Basically, these odd proposals to block port 25, for home users, is
> > tantamount to saying only ISP's can run servers.
>
> I disagree. No one has ever talked about blocking port 25 for *all*
> users. Port 25 blocking is only for users who have not agreed to be
> held responsible for the messages they send.

I am not among them. :) I have said before, and will state again, that I
have no problem with an ISP providing Internet access provisionally, under
condition that they can block access to certain ports on abuse. No problem
with that, at all. Only when they side-step the presumption on innocence.

> > So then, what happened to the core function of an ISP? To provide
> > access to the Internet? I pay good money each month to have that
> > access, which includes my own mail server.
>
> How does anyone else know? I've been harping on this topic for a
> long time, and it keeps getting ignored.

I do not understand this question. How do you know I paid to have my own
mail server? As opposed to being "owned", you mean?

> > In return, my ISP can disallow access should abuse occur. But I can
> > live with that, as I know I will not abuse my connection. I wish I
> > could say the same about my ISP.
>
> How do *I* tell your "responsible" MTA from an "owned" machine
> sending spam?

For the most obvious reason I can think of: you have never received a spam
from me, nor would you ever. :)

> I understand your side of the problem: you want to send
> mail. Please *think*, and try to understand my side of the problem:
> Without some additional information, you look *exactly* like a spammer
> to me.

I guess there's the rub: the presumption of guilt. While true that I have
given you no proof that my relay is trustworthy, I have done nothing to the
contrary, either.

> What information are you willing to provide to a recipient, to
> demonstrate that you are responsible?  What information will make the
> recipient believe you are responsible?

The same information you will give, I reckon. If we're going to a system
with Certificate Authoraties, ala yayoo, then I will get such a Certificate.
Should we use SPF, I will implement that too (in fact, already have).

Though I administer not thousands of people for my domain, but only a few
hundred, the principle remains the same: I eagerly cooperate with any
proposal I can implement that the "community" has decided is needed to
establish trust. I spend an inordinate amount a day warding off spam,
adapting Milters, updates RBL list. etc. I am as opposed to spam as you are.
Except that I stop the buck at being branded the 'enemy' one fine day, just
because I do not have an ISP style connection to the Internet.

> I don't understand this fervent opposition to change,

I am not opposed to change at all; it is just this particular form of
change, cutting off private port 25 acces from anyone who is not an ISP,
that I frown upon. In fact, my being on this list, and many like in nature,
is proof that I am rather interested in change, and eager to hear what
people have to say about ways to combat spam.

> If the first axiom of ASRG is
> that we're not going to change anything, and we're going to provide
> free, unfettered, bare-ass-open access to the net; then we've just
> decided to NOT address the spam problem.

Free access does not equal access without limtations. I am all for the fair
limitation that access is unfettered, until abuse occurs. But before that
time, I like my ISP to treat me as if I were innocent, until proven guilty.

- Mark



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From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@ox.org>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 6. Proposals: MTA MARK vs port 25 filtering? 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Sun, 14 Dec 2003 02:24:17 +0100."
             <002d01c3c1e1$074460f0$034fa8c0@asarianhost> 
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Date: Sat, 13 Dec 2003 22:54:36 -0500

"Mark" <asarian@xs4all.nl> wrote:
> > How do *I* tell your "responsible" MTA from an "owned" machine
> > sending spam?
> 
> For the most obvious reason I can think of: you have never received a spam
> from me, nor would you ever. :)

  That's grossly inadequate.  It means that I've got to process a lot
of mail from you on "spec", before I can gather enough data to decide
for myself that you're not a spammer.

  I would prefer to have your intentions, and your responsibility
trail, be made public.

> > Without some additional information, you look *exactly* like a spammer
> > to me.
> 
> I guess there's the rub: the presumption of guilt. While true that I have
> given you no proof that my relay is trustworthy, I have done nothing to the
> contrary, either.

  I think you're missing my point.  I'm not presuming that you're a
spammer.  I'm presuming that I know *nothing* about you, just like I
know nothing about spammers.  Your statements on a public list that I
should trust you are irrelevant.  I'm interested in how I can make my
MTA decide how to trust the next naive and well-intentioned user.

  If you publicly state your accountability, and spammers don't, then
I *do* know something about you, and I can better decide how to deal
with messages from you.  If both you and spammers become accountable,
then I still win, because I now can be *sure* that I'm discarding the
spam, and not your messages.

> I am as opposed to spam as you are.  Except that I stop the buck at
> being branded the 'enemy' one fine day, just because I do not have
> an ISP style connection to the Internet.

  <sigh>  The "enemy" is the unknown.  The lack of information.  The
lack of accountability.  Spammers are simply the symptom that the
system is broken.  They didn't break it, the system designers did.

  Using that definition, people who want to remain unknown and
unaccountable appear to be the enemy.  e.g. We have to recognize that
if we want to stop spammers from forging, we must stop our forging of
messages.

> I am not opposed to change at all; it is just this particular form of
> change, cutting off private port 25 acces from anyone who is not an ISP,
> that I frown upon. 

  I think you are clearly missing much of what I write.

  I have never proposed blocking port 25 for everyone but ISP's.  It's
irresponsible and rude of you to imply that I have.  The statement I
*have* made and that you have apparently missed, is that people who do
not accept responsibility for their use of the network should probably
have their network privelidges restricted, and port 25 blocking is one
option.

> Free access does not equal access without limtations. I am all for the fair
> limitation that access is unfettered, until abuse occurs. But before that
> time, I like my ISP to treat me as if I were innocent, until proven guilty.

  It's a nice idea.  It has nothing to do with reality.

  It's not about "innocence" or "guilt".  I've never used those words,
because they're irrelevant to the discussion at hand.  They confuse
the issue, get people excited about nonsense, and take attention away
from the issue at hand.

  My position, is simple.  People should be responsible for their use
of the network, and they should be held accountable for their use of
the network.  "Innocence" and "guilt" simply don't apply.

  If someone is unwilling to accept responsibility for their network,
then I don't see why anyone would willingly give them net access.  Are
they then presumed "guilty" before doing anything?  Nonsense.

  When you rent a car, or a house, you accept responsibility for your
actions.  Having net access should be no different.  There's no
censorship involved, or presumption of guilt when the rental agency
refuses to give you a car, because you failed to sign the contract.

  Alan DeKok.

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From: Brett Watson <famous-asrg@nutters.org>
Organization: PhD Student, Macquarie University
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 6. Proposals: MTA MARK vs port 25 filtering?
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A touchy issue, this. Should we consider it Best Current Practice to filter 
outgoing port 25 on "residential" (or similarly classified) access points? 
Should we consider it BCP to filter outgoing port 25 on pretty much all 
access points unless other arrangements are explicitly made?

Our contributor named "Mark" has been harping on the "presumption of 
innocence" principle, but it's precisely the viability of that principle 
that's in question here. There is a certain quantity of spam which exists by 
abusing the "presumption of innocence", so called. It's a badly 
emotionally-laden term, since to advocate the converse is to advocate 
"presumption of guilt", and you may as well advocate the strangulation of 
small furry animals and children while you're about it. Rather than 
"presumption of guilt", we should have "explicitly negotiated access". We 
could recommend that port 25 be available (in some cases) only when 
explicitly arranged, not on the basis of prior "guilt" or "innocence", but 
purely to make accountability explicit.

Personally, I reject outright the idea that filtering access points on port 25 
has a troublesome impact on mail connectivity for the do-it-yourself crowd, 
myself included. If you don't trust your ISP to get it right with regards to 
their mail server, it is now ridiculously cheap to get your own virtual 
server hosted somewhere and continue to do it yourself without your mail 
server hanging off your ISP's access point. Such virtual hosts require 
expertise to configure, but have unfettered access. In my view, people who 
are still harping on this point need to readjust to the new environment -- 
keep up with the times. I have seen virtual servers available for US$15 per 
month, which is a fraction of what I pay for my broadband access (in 
Australia).

On the other hand, malware ("viruses", "worms", "trojans", etc.) which abuses 
the openness of port 25 is rife. This is an attack vector that bears serious 
consideration. Similarly, "presumption of innocence" falls down for any 
dynamically allocated IP address, since there is no permanent identity 
associated with the IP. If we work on the "presumption of innocence" 
principle here, then the abusers get free reign for a short while, then 
tarnish the reputation of all users equally. It simply doesn't work. One 
possible suggestion for a BCP is to filter outgoing port 25 for all 
dynamically allocated IPs.

Taking the converse view, one could question the effectiveness of port 25 
filtering as a whole, relative to its intrusive nature. There is no escaping 
the fact that port blocking is intrusive, and it causes problems of its own. 
Does it provide a net improvement, or does it merely change the balance of 
problems?

Intrusive filtering is NOT the only option. We also have the option to place 
information about the IP out of band, as per one of the various DNS options. 
This does not change the argument about "presumption of innocence" versus 
"explicitly negotiated access" -- it only changes the mechanism by which 
filtering is taking place, and the party that elects to do the filtering. 
Where information about the trustworthiness of an IP is placed in the DNS, 
the mail recipient becomes the one to make decisions: a non-intrusive form of 
filtering which can, even so, produce similar results.

With careful semantics, we may even be able to produce a DNS-based solution 
which allows do-it-yourselfers to continue to operate their own mail servers, 
with limited scope for nuisance to others. An ISP could use in-addr.arpa PTR 
records to indicate "residential" or "dynamic" status for IP addresses (with 
the connotation that they are not well placed to prevent mail abuse from 
those sources). A person operating their own domain could override this 
rating by explicitly marking their own mail domain as operating from a given 
IP through their own domain records. A recipient can then decide whether to 
trust that sender's domain or not, based on his own assessment of risk.

So, having rambled about it for a bit, I conclude that port filtering is a 
tool worth considering in certain cases, and I dismiss the "presumption of 
innocence" argument as being both emotionally overcharged and no longer 
viable. Even so, it seems to me that the non-intrusive DNS-based options can 
more closely achieve the goal of recipient-oriented decisionmaking, and are 
less likely to cause unintended problems with connectivity generally. Let the 
recipients make up their own minds about whether they trust a sender or not: 
just give them information on which to base their decision.

Regards,
TFBW


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To: Brett Watson <famous-asrg@nutters.org>
Cc: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 6. Proposals: MTA MARK vs port 25 filtering?
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Brett Watson wrote:
> A touchy issue, this. Should we consider it Best Current Practice to filter 
> outgoing port 25 on "residential" (or similarly classified) access points? 
> Should we consider it BCP to filter outgoing port 25 on pretty much all 
> access points unless other arrangements are explicitly made?

It is indeed a touchy issue. Since there's no consensus in the group, we 
should refrain from making recommendations until enough of us agree on 
something solid with a clear rationale.

> Our contributor named "Mark" has been harping on the "presumption of 
> innocence" principle, but it's precisely the viability of that principle 
> that's in question here. There is a certain quantity of spam which exists by 
> abusing the "presumption of innocence", so called. It's a badly 
> emotionally-laden term, since to advocate the converse is to advocate 
> "presumption of guilt", and you may as well advocate the strangulation of 
> small furry animals and children while you're about it. Rather than 
> "presumption of guilt", we should have "explicitly negotiated access". We 
> could recommend that port 25 be available (in some cases) only when 
> explicitly arranged, not on the basis of prior "guilt" or "innocence", but 
> purely to make accountability explicit.

"Explicitly negotiated access" sounds really nice in theory, but it doesn't 
work for anyone who is limited to using a mass-market ISP. Comcast, my 
provider, has no interest in talking to customers, they have an interest in 
getting as much money out of us as possible. This "explicitly negotiated 
access" would mean they tack on some absurd monthly fee for 'administrative 
costs'.

> Personally, I reject outright the idea that filtering access points on port 25 
> has a troublesome impact on mail connectivity for the do-it-yourself crowd, 
> myself included. If you don't trust your ISP to get it right with regards to 
> their mail server, it is now ridiculously cheap to get your own virtual 
> server hosted somewhere and continue to do it yourself without your mail 
> server hanging off your ISP's access point. Such virtual hosts require 
> expertise to configure, but have unfettered access. In my view, people who 
> are still harping on this point need to readjust to the new environment -- 
> keep up with the times. I have seen virtual servers available for US$15 per 
> month, which is a fraction of what I pay for my broadband access (in 
> Australia).

I don't trust my ISP to get it right with regard to their mail server. They 
have some large number of MTAs which make outbound connections, and 1 or 2 
of them are blacklisted. Because of stupid policies enforced by other 
providers (AOL), I already cannot connect out directly, so I am forced to 
forward my mail through smtp.comcast.net. This means I have a choice between 
not reaching certain ASRG members whose servers use RBL or not reaching 
friends and family on AOL. I'm not going to reconfigure a mailserver used by 
multiple people every time I want to send a message to AOL or ASRG.
About virtual hosts: I am a student. I am a minor. I do not have ready 
access to a credit card to pay for such service. Whatever I can't get for 
free online, I can't get at a "ridiculously cheap" cost. I happen to have 
broadband access, and I run a server of my own, for utility and education. 
If I were forcibly prevented from using it, I would not be happy, and I'm 
sure many others are in a situation similar to this.

> On the other hand, malware ("viruses", "worms", "trojans", etc.) which abuses 
> the openness of port 25 is rife. This is an attack vector that bears serious 
> consideration. Similarly, "presumption of innocence" falls down for any 
> dynamically allocated IP address, since there is no permanent identity 
> associated with the IP. If we work on the "presumption of innocence" 
> principle here, then the abusers get free reign for a short while, then 
> tarnish the reputation of all users equally. It simply doesn't work. One 
> possible suggestion for a BCP is to filter outgoing port 25 for all 
> dynamically allocated IPs.

The problem here is that there's no incentive for ISPs to cooperate. They 
will piss of those of us who care, and the people who are unable to spread 
digital contagion because of a block won't notice, except that they may have 
to pay more for ISPs to manage their new burden.

My point is, you're being equally idealistic in assuming that consumer, 
residential ISPs will actually serve their customers.

> Taking the converse view, one could question the effectiveness of port 25 
> filtering as a whole, relative to its intrusive nature. There is no escaping 
> the fact that port blocking is intrusive, and it causes problems of its own. 
> Does it provide a net improvement, or does it merely change the balance of 
> problems?
> 
> Intrusive filtering is NOT the only option. We also have the option to place 
> information about the IP out of band, as per one of the various DNS options. 
> This does not change the argument about "presumption of innocence" versus 
> "explicitly negotiated access" -- it only changes the mechanism by which 
> filtering is taking place, and the party that elects to do the filtering. 
> Where information about the trustworthiness of an IP is placed in the DNS, 
> the mail recipient becomes the one to make decisions: a non-intrusive form of 
> filtering which can, even so, produce similar results.
> 
> With careful semantics, we may even be able to produce a DNS-based solution 
> which allows do-it-yourselfers to continue to operate their own mail servers, 
> with limited scope for nuisance to others. An ISP could use in-addr.arpa PTR 
> records to indicate "residential" or "dynamic" status for IP addresses (with 
> the connotation that they are not well placed to prevent mail abuse from 
> those sources). A person operating their own domain could override this 
> rating by explicitly marking their own mail domain as operating from a given 
> IP through their own domain records. A recipient can then decide whether to 
> trust that sender's domain or not, based on his own assessment of risk.
> 
> So, having rambled about it for a bit, I conclude that port filtering is a 
> tool worth considering in certain cases, and I dismiss the "presumption of 
> innocence" argument as being both emotionally overcharged and no longer 
> viable. Even so, it seems to me that the non-intrusive DNS-based options can 
> more closely achieve the goal of recipient-oriented decisionmaking, and are 
> less likely to cause unintended problems with connectivity generally. Let the 
> recipients make up their own minds about whether they trust a sender or not: 
> just give them information on which to base their decision.

OK, I agree with this conclusion. I don't think there's anyone in this group 
who'd argue with the last sentence of that. Unfortunately, we, as a group, 
seem to be getting hung up on certain issues which are preventing us from 
moving forward on various proposals that need to maintain their momentum.

The LMAP discussion document needs cohesive review and editing, preferably 
before we publish as and Internet Draft. IDs are nice for some things, but 
it's easier if we make all of the changes we feel necessary before first 
official publication.

I haven't looked the closely at MTA Mark, but I think these two proposals 
are complementary, and should be revised to reflect that. I'm not sure if it 
does, but MTA Mark should probably not recommend outright rejection of 
messages in the face of information stating that a given IP should not be 
sending mail.

I've said my peace,
Philip Miller


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From: Daniel Feenberg <feenberg@nber.org>
To: Philip Miller <millenix@zemos.net>
cc: Brett Watson <famous-asrg@nutters.org>, asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 6. Proposals: MTA MARK vs port 25 filtering?
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Date: Sun, 14 Dec 2003 08:20:04 -0500 (EST)



On Sun, 14 Dec 2003, Philip Miller wrote:

> 
> I don't trust my ISP to get it right with regard to their mail server. They 
> have some large number of MTAs which make outbound connections, and 1 or 2 
> of them are blacklisted. Because of stupid policies enforced by other 
> providers (AOL), I already cannot connect out directly, so I am forced to 
> forward my mail through smtp.comcast.net. This means I have a choice between 
> not reaching certain ASRG members whose servers use RBL or not reaching 
> friends and family on AOL. I'm not going to reconfigure a mailserver used by 
> multiple people every time I want to send a message to AOL or ASRG.
> About virtual hosts: I am a student. I am a minor. I do not have ready 
> access to a credit card to pay for such service. Whatever I can't get for 
> free online, I can't get at a "ridiculously cheap" cost. I happen to have 
> broadband access, and I run a server of my own, for utility and education. 
> If I were forcibly prevented from using it, I would not be happy, and I'm 
> sure many others are in a situation similar to this.
> 

It is important that "consent" include "consent of the sending AS"
expressed somehow. It could be lifting a block on port 25, or some
mechanism enforced only at the receipient end. But anything suggesting
that the origin AS should not have to provide consent for sending to port
25 is to create a right to spam which will be exceedingly difficult to
counter.

The current situation is that very few ISP even bother to block owned
machines. Surely that can't be BCP. BCP must be to forward port 25 packets
only for customers who have asked for such service. This is necessary to
protect address blocks (other customers) from loss of service.

Should Comcast enforce a block on port 25, and charge unreasonably for
unblocking it, then users of Comcast should explore using other MTAs. I
notice that smtp.com is already in the business of providing smtp relays,
and should a large operator like Comcast create a larger need, there would
no doubt be other players.

As a practical matter, indivduals using sendmail can use the mailertable
feature to direct messages directly to the remote MTA, but fall back to
a specified relay MTA should their access to the remote MTA be blocked
(for example, by receivers that reject mail apparent dial-up lines). 

Daniel Feenberg



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To: Daniel Feenberg <feenberg@nber.org>
Cc: Brett Watson <famous-asrg@nutters.org>, asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 6. Proposals: MTA MARK vs port 25 filtering?
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Daniel Feenberg wrote:
> On Sun, 14 Dec 2003, Philip Miller wrote:
>>I don't trust my ISP to get it right with regard to their mail server. They 
>>have some large number of MTAs which make outbound connections, and 1 or 2 
>>of them are blacklisted. Because of stupid policies enforced by other 
>>providers (AOL), I already cannot connect out directly, so I am forced to 
>>forward my mail through smtp.comcast.net. This means I have a choice between 
>>not reaching certain ASRG members whose servers use RBL or not reaching 
>>friends and family on AOL. I'm not going to reconfigure a mailserver used by 
>>multiple people every time I want to send a message to AOL or ASRG.
>>About virtual hosts: I am a student. I am a minor. I do not have ready 
>>access to a credit card to pay for such service. Whatever I can't get for 
>>free online, I can't get at a "ridiculously cheap" cost. I happen to have 
>>broadband access, and I run a server of my own, for utility and education. 
>>If I were forcibly prevented from using it, I would not be happy, and I'm 
>>sure many others are in a situation similar to this.
>
> It is important that "consent" include "consent of the sending AS"
> expressed somehow. It could be lifting a block on port 25, or some
> mechanism enforced only at the receipient end. But anything suggesting
> that the origin AS should not have to provide consent for sending to port
> 25 is to create a right to spam which will be exceedingly difficult to
> counter.
> 
> The current situation is that very few ISP even bother to block owned
> machines. Surely that can't be BCP. BCP must be to forward port 25 packets
> only for customers who have asked for such service. This is necessary to
> protect address blocks (other customers) from loss of service.

BCP would be carefully monitoring their network, and blocking any customers 
whose traffic signatures indicate that they've been '0wned' or infected. 
Failing that, it would be perfectly fine for them to block all potentially 
harmful traffic and allow it out upon customer request and possible 
acceptance of accountability.
However, they will do neither, because to do so would not be compatible with 
their business model. It costs them money to do anything more than block 
SMTP out universally or mark it all in DUL/MTA-Mark/whatever, and they don't 
want to spend that money. Most consumer ISPs are the same way, and some of 
us don't have an alternative.

> Should Comcast enforce a block on port 25, and charge unreasonably for
> unblocking it, then users of Comcast should explore using other MTAs. I
> notice that smtp.com is already in the business of providing smtp relays,
> and should a large operator like Comcast create a larger need, there would
> no doubt be other players.

How would an smtp.com relay help me if port 25 were blocked? My MUA wouldn't 
be able to connect to it either, unless they use SUBMIT, which is still 
exceedingly rare.

> As a practical matter, indivduals using sendmail can use the mailertable
> feature to direct messages directly to the remote MTA, but fall back to
> a specified relay MTA should their access to the remote MTA be blocked
> (for example, by receivers that reject mail apparent dial-up lines). 

This is not unique to sendmail. As I said earlier, I run postfix, and all of 
my outgoing mail is relayed through smtp.comcast.net. However, If we were to 
push LMAP, I certainly would NOT want to authorize smtp.comcast.net to send 
for zemos.net, because that would allow any comcast customer to send as 
zemos.net, a very undesireable idea.
These proposals go hand in hand, but there are some kinks to work out.

Philip Miller


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From: "Marc A. Pelletier" <marc@ctrl-alt-del.ca>
To: "Brett Watson" <famous-asrg@nutters.org>
Cc: <asrg@ietf.org>
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] 6. Proposals: MTA MARK vs port 25 filtering?
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Brett Watson <famous-asrg@nutters.org> sayeth:
> A touchy issue, this. Should we consider it Best Current Practice to
filter
> outgoing port 25 on "residential" (or similarly classified) access points?
> Should we consider it BCP to filter outgoing port 25 on pretty much all
> access points unless other arrangements are explicitly made?

> [Long and reasonable argument for blocking port 25]

"Yes", but "no".  :-)

For a strictly technical reason, mind you.  If port 25 becomes predominantly
filtered, email is slimply going to shift ports.  We will see an increase of
proxies over port 80 (most likely), and the corresponding abuse.

For that matter, I've figured out a trivial way of circumventing any such
measure to deliver spam; though I am loathe to discuss it here given that I
am fairly certain our adversaries read this list religiously.

I am convinced any solution against spam lie in separating the good email
from the bad, not in trying to prevent garbage from being inserted in the
system in the first place (though you obviously want to choke it as soon as
possible to reduce cost).

Perhaps a better direction to look in is not to prevent port 25 access
without prior arrangement but to prevent mass mailings without such
arrangements (however we choose to define this).  Throttling and refusing to
send email to more than a few destinations come to mind, asking legitimate
mailing lists to authenticate with a willing mail relay is not unreasonable
and doesn't prevent the general end to end philosophy.

I wouldn't mind if the ISP where my colo box lives refused to let me send
more than n mail per hour, say, unless I had a specific arrangement
otherwise.

I don't think it's realistic to try to prevent one-to-one spam, but
one-to-many mailings are easier to detect, and easier to control.

-- Marc


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From: Daniel Feenberg <feenberg@nber.org>
To: Philip Miller <millenix@zemos.net>
cc: Brett Watson <famous-asrg@nutters.org>, asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 6. Proposals: MTA MARK vs port 25 filtering?
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Date: Sun, 14 Dec 2003 11:09:37 -0500 (EST)



On Sun, 14 Dec 2003, Philip Miller wrote:

> 
> How would an smtp.com relay help me if port 25 were blocked? My MUA wouldn't 
> be able to connect to it either, unless they use SUBMIT, which is still 
> exceedingly rare.
> 

They accept mail via a different port. It isn't that clever, anyone could
have thought of it.They have other means of not becoming an open relay. I
don't mean to bring them up as the solution to Miller's problem, just to
point out that should his problem become widespread, solutions will become
widely available, and problably in multiple forms. MSA submit is another,
should MUAs become willing to give it first class support. But it isn't
the only possibility.

Daniel Feenberg




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From: Daniel Feenberg <feenberg@nber.org>
To: "Marc A. Pelletier" <marc@ctrl-alt-del.ca>
cc: Brett Watson <famous-asrg@nutters.org>, asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 6. Proposals: MTA MARK vs port 25 filtering?
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Date: Sun, 14 Dec 2003 11:13:03 -0500 (EST)



On Sun, 14 Dec 2003, Marc A. Pelletier wrote:

> Brett Watson <famous-asrg@nutters.org> sayeth:
> 
> For a strictly technical reason, mind you.  If port 25 becomes predominantly
> filtered, email is slimply going to shift ports.  We will see an increase of
> proxies over port 80 (most likely), and the corresponding abuse.
> 

This I don't understand. I don't run an MTA at port 80, so I don't receive
any spam via that port. Nor does anyone else I know, nor can I conceive of
any reason I might start doing so. 

Perhaps you are confused by lax terminology. When anti-spammers speak of
filtering port 25, they mean packets destined to port 25 on the remote
system. That is the only port that accepts mail from strangers on most
systems. 

Daniel Feenberg




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From: Philip Miller <millenix@zemos.net>
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Subject: [Asrg] 6. Proposals: LMAP - Forwarding Comment and Recommended Changes
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Date: Sun, 14 Dec 2003 12:49:07 -0500
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As noted in the current discussion draft, LMAP will affect forwarding:

> 3.4 Message relaying and forwarding are affected by LMAP
> 
> Mail forwarders have traditionally left the sender envelope untouched.
> "Forwarding" is used in the sense of *ix user .forward and /etc/aliases
> files.
> 
> Let us examine a situation where an LMAP conformant domain A sends a 
> message to address B which forwards the message to LMAP conformant 
> recipient C using the original sender address from A.  If the B->C 
> forward had been set up without the consent of the recipient C, A's LMAP
> records would be checked by C's LMAP client, and the message would be
> correctly rejected.
> 
> If the recipient C did desire the B->C forwarding, three workarounds are
> possible.
> 
> 1) B's MTA could rewrite the sender address to pass C's LMAP criteria
> without involving the user B.
> 
> 2) the user B could alter the .forward such that forwarded messages are
> reinjected with B's address in the return-path. For example, a .forward
> that was previously "C@example.com" might now read "|/usr/sbin/sendmail
> -oi C@example.com"
> 
> 3) the recipient C could provide a whitelist to C's MTA indicating that
> forwarded messages are expected to arrive for C from B.
> 
> LMAP conformant SMTP forwarders should implement a sender rewriting 
> scheme or its equivalent.  Forwarders may work around this issue by 
> simply modifying .forward files to pipe messages to a local mailer.
> 
> [snip]
> 
> 5.1.16 Factor 4.5 (16), Mailing Lists
> 
> [snip mailing list suff because it comes to the right conclusion that 
> mailing lists should alter the sender envelope]
> 
> The one practice which will be most affected by LMAP is the use of 
> ".forward" files.  Widespread use of LMAP may make the use of .forward 
> files problematic.
> 
> We recognize that every MTA using .forward files on *ix hosts or similar 
> configurations do not alter the sender envelope when forwarding mail. 
> However, commercial and proprietary mail-forwarding systems alter the 
> sender envelope, and these are by far the most popular pure 
> mail-forwarding instances.
> 
> There is no fix for .forward usage aside from altering the sender 
> envelope and designating the forwarding host via LMAP.

First of all, there are two separate but not disjoint cases of forwarding 
that could occur in a messages transmission path:
1. A Message Originator relays its mail through a third party host
2. A Message Recipient has mail delivered to a designated host, which then 
passes it along.

The second case is easy to solve. Rewriting the message envelope in this 
case is undesireable, because it would mean that if delivery failed, a 
notification could not be returned to the sender. However, rewriting isn't 
necessary in this case, because the recipient knows who's relaying their 
mail and can make provisions to accept all mail from the designated 
recipient. LMAP is useful here, because it lets the recipient designate the 
relay to trust by fully-qualified host name rather than IP address and be 
sure that it's the host in question.

The first case is much trickier. It means that a third party to a 
commmunication must be trusted. For example, all of my outgoing mail, with 
the zemos.net domain, is relayed through smtp.comcast.net because of broken 
mail policies at other domains (read: AOL). This 'smart host' is effectively 
an open relay for all Comcast customers. If I don't add it to LMAP, messages 
relayed through it would rightfully be rejected by the recipient MTA, 
because they don't originate from an LMAP designated MTA. However, if I do 
add it, any Comcast customer would be able to forge the zemos.net domain 
without trouble.

My recommendation for how this case should be handled is as follows. This 
scenario should be added in some form to LMAP:
1. lmap-mta is authorized to send mail for sender.com
2. lmap-mta is connected to the internet via a random ISP, isp.com
3. lmap-mta is forced to relay mail through smtp.isp.com (outside policy, 
port 25 block, MTA-Mark)
4. smtp.isp.com is authorized to send mail for isp.com
5. lmap-mta connects to smtp.isp.com and transmits a message with a MAIL 
FROM in sender.com.
6. smtp.isp.com verifies that lmap-mta is LMAP-authorized by sender.com
7. smtp.isp.com accepts the message
8. smtp.isp.com rewrites the sender envelope to encode the original 
return-path in an address at isp.com
9. smtp.isp.com connects to mx.recipient.com and transmits the message
10. mx.recipient.com verifies that smtp.isp.com is LMAP-authorized by isp.com
11. mx.recipient.com accepts the message, but is later forced to generate a 
bounce notice about it.
12. mx.recipient.com sends the bounce message to the isp.com return-path
13. isp.com's MX sees the specially-encoded return-path and passes the 
notification to the original return path.
14. The message originator @sender.com receives the bounce message.

The missing link in this scenario is the standardized encoding for the 
return-path within a return-path. If this idea is already in use by some 
commercial servers, I'd love to hear about it. If not, we need to come up 
with some appropriate design (some variation on VERP might work) and suggest 
it in the LMAP draft. There's no need to REQUIRE the use of a specific 
format, because it only needs to be uniform within each ISP or relay, not 
Internet-wide.
This makes LMAP a reasonable alternative to Yahoo's Domain Keys proposal. It 
requires only information that would be in the DNS as result of LMAP 
conformance. It does not require additional cryptographic information or 
processing. It does not require domain owners to put semantically wrong 
trust statements in the DNS to satisfy third-parties' policies.

Philip Miller


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To: "Eric Dean" <eric@purespeed.com>
cc: "'Yakov Shafranovich'" <research@solidmatrix.com>,
        "'ASRG'" <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 0. General - Review of the CRI subgroup 
In-Reply-To: Message from "Eric Dean" <eric@purespeed.com> 
   of "Wed, 10 Dec 2003 14:21:39 EST." <010c01c3bf52$d5e00e00$6401a8c0@sohonotebook> 
References: <010c01c3bf52$d5e00e00$6401a8c0@sohonotebook> 
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From: J C Lawrence <claw@kanga.nu>
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Date: Mon, 15 Dec 2003 00:18:41 -0500

On Wed, 10 Dec 2003 14:21:39 -0500 
Eric Dean <eric@purespeed.com> wrote:

Sorry for the delay.  End of year fanaticism is taking its toll.

> Yes, there is a general consensus that consent-based methods are
> prefered; however, CRI is low hanging fruit and can be used to
> validate some assumptions of consent-based.  In short, CRI is a subset
> of consent-based...but a bit more widely deployed (though not much)

I see where you're heading and but partially agree.  Yes, CRI is low
hanging fruit and has a fair bit of public and developer attention
currently, however while a consent token protocol can use a CRI system
and does require similar acked communication exchanges to email-based
CRI, that really seems to be about the limit of the overlap.  Consent
protocols don't require CRI, don't need to bear much similarity at all
to CRI, and don't particularly solve similar problems at the human level
(CRI is supplicant based, consent is based on granted audience).

In an abstract sense I look at consent maintenance as a specialised form
of the problem of automatically maintaining current and correct email
addresses for correspondents as they move, change ISPs and jobs, etc.
The core for me is the machine assistance to the maintenance of a human
relationship.  How that relationship happened is rather beside the point
as long as the state machine has the proper transforms.

> If you are willing to hack code..so am I.

Excellent!

-- 
J C Lawrence
---------(*)                Satan, oscillate my metallic sonatas.
claw@kanga.nu               He lived as a devil, eh?
http://www.kanga.nu/~claw/  Evil is a name of a foeman, as I live.

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Subject: Re: [Asrg] 6. Proposals: LMAP - Forwarding Comment and Recommended Changes
To: "Philip Miller"  <millenix@zemos.net>
From: "Jon Kyme" <jrk@merseymail.com>
Cc: "ASRG" <asrg@ietf.org>
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Date: Mon, 15 Dec 2003 11:11:58 +0000

> First of all, there are two separate but not disjoint cases of forwarding
> that could occur in a messages transmission path:
> 1. A Message Originator relays its mail through a third party host
>2. A Message Recipient has mail delivered to a designated host, which 
> then passes it along.
[snip] 



> The first case is much trickier. It means that a third party to a 
> commmunication must be trusted. For example, all of my outgoing mail,
> with
> the zemos.net domain, is relayed through smtp.comcast.net because of
> broken
> mail policies at other domains (read: AOL). This 'smart host' is
> effectively
> an open relay for all Comcast customers. If I don't add it to LMAP,
> messages
> relayed through it would rightfully be rejected by the recipient MTA, 
> because they don't originate from an LMAP designated MTA. However, if I
> do
> add it, any Comcast customer would be able to forge the zemos.net domain 
> without trouble.
> 

I take it that the policy that you're referring to as broken is the policy
of not taking mail from dial-up IPs ?



> My recommendation for how this case should be handled is as follows. This
> scenario should be added in some form to LMAP:
> 1. lmap-mta is authorized to send mail for sender.com
> 2. lmap-mta is connected to the internet via a random ISP, isp.com
> 3. lmap-mta is forced to relay mail through smtp.isp.com (outside policy,
> port 25 block, MTA-Mark)
> 4. smtp.isp.com is authorized to send mail for isp.com
> 5. lmap-mta connects to smtp.isp.com and transmits a message with a MAIL 
> FROM in sender.com.
> 6. smtp.isp.com verifies that lmap-mta is LMAP-authorized by sender.com
> 7. smtp.isp.com accepts the message
> 8. smtp.isp.com rewrites the sender envelope to encode the original 
> return-path in an address at isp.com
> 9. smtp.isp.com connects to mx.recipient.com and transmits the message
> 10. mx.recipient.com verifies that smtp.isp.com is LMAP-authorized by
> isp.com
> 11. mx.recipient.com accepts the message, but is later forced to generate
> a
> bounce notice about it.
> 12. mx.recipient.com sends the bounce message to the isp.com return-path
> 13. isp.com's MX sees the specially-encoded return-path and passes the 
> notification to the original return path.
> 14. The message originator @sender.com receives the bounce message.
> 
> The missing link in this scenario is the standardized encoding for the 
> return-path within a return-path. If this idea is already in use by some 
> commercial servers, I'd love to hear about it. If not, we need to come up
> with some appropriate design (some variation on VERP might work) and
> suggest
> it in the LMAP draft. There's no need to REQUIRE the use of a specific 
> format, because it only needs to be uniform within each ISP or relay, not
> Internet-wide.
> This makes LMAP a reasonable alternative to Yahoo's Domain Keys proposal.

I think you're right, to make this kind of relaying work nicely, something
along these lines would need to be provided. It makes the return-path the
same as the outward path. That symmetry is probably a Good Thing and might
be usefully provided for your second case (and others) also,
i.e. all intermediate MTA should perhaps have the ability to rewrite the
envelope from and decode for bounces.

Would it be useful to consider rfc3461 ENVID in this context?
I don't know how wide support for this is (is there any?).









--

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https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg



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Jon Kyme wrote:
>>First of all, there are two separate but not disjoint cases of forwarding
>>that could occur in a messages transmission path:
>>1. A Message Originator relays its mail through a third party host
>>2. A Message Recipient has mail delivered to a designated host, which 
>>then passes it along.
> 
> [snip] 
> 
>> The first case is much trickier. It means that a third party to a 
>> commmunication must be trusted. For example, all of my outgoing mail, 
>> with the zemos.net domain, is relayed through smtp.comcast.net because
>> of broken mail policies at other domains (read: AOL). This 'smart host'
>> is effectively an open relay for all Comcast customers. If I don't add
>> it to LMAP, messages relayed through it would rightfully be rejected by
>> the recipient MTA, because they don't originate from an LMAP designated
>> MTA. However, if I do add it, any Comcast customer would be able to
>> forge the zemos.net domain without trouble.
> 
> I take it that the policy that you're referring to as broken is the policy
> of not taking mail from dial-up IPs ?

Basically, yes. There's a page located at 
<http://postmaster.info.aol.com/guidelines/standards.html> that details 
their anti-spam policies. For all I know, my server my run afoul of more 
than one.

>>My recommendation for how this case should be handled is as follows. This
>>scenario should be added in some form to LMAP:
>>1. lmap-mta is authorized to send mail for sender.com
>>2. lmap-mta is connected to the internet via a random ISP, isp.com
>>3. lmap-mta is forced to relay mail through smtp.isp.com (outside policy,
>>port 25 block, MTA-Mark)
>>4. smtp.isp.com is authorized to send mail for isp.com
>>5. lmap-mta connects to smtp.isp.com and transmits a message with a MAIL 
>>FROM in sender.com.
>>6. smtp.isp.com verifies that lmap-mta is LMAP-authorized by sender.com
>>7. smtp.isp.com accepts the message
>>8. smtp.isp.com rewrites the sender envelope to encode the original 
>>return-path in an address at isp.com
>>9. smtp.isp.com connects to mx.recipient.com and transmits the message
>>10. mx.recipient.com verifies that smtp.isp.com is LMAP-authorized by
>>isp.com
>>11. mx.recipient.com accepts the message, but is later forced to generate
>>a
>>bounce notice about it.
>>12. mx.recipient.com sends the bounce message to the isp.com return-path
>>13. isp.com's MX sees the specially-encoded return-path and passes the 
>>notification to the original return path.
>>14. The message originator @sender.com receives the bounce message.
>>
>> The missing link in this scenario is the standardized encoding for the 
>> return-path within a return-path. If this idea is already in use by
>> some commercial servers, I'd love to hear about it. If not, we need to
>> come up with some appropriate design (some variation on VERP might
>> work) and suggest it in the LMAP draft. There's no need to REQUIRE the
>> use of a specific format, because it only needs to be uniform within
>> each ISP or relay, not Internet-wide. This makes LMAP a reasonable
>> alternative to Yahoo's Domain Keys proposal.
> 
> I think you're right, to make this kind of relaying work nicely, something
> along these lines would need to be provided. It makes the return-path the
> same as the outward path. That symmetry is probably a Good Thing and might
> be usefully provided for your second case (and others) also,
> i.e. all intermediate MTA should perhaps have the ability to rewrite the
> envelope from and decode for bounces.
> 
> Would it be useful to consider rfc3461 ENVID in this context?
> I don't know how wide support for this is (is there any?).

I'm not too familiar with this. I'll read it later today.

Philip Miller


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https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg



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From: Daniel Feenberg <feenberg@nber.org>
To: Philip Miller <millenix@zemos.net>
cc: Jon Kyme <jrk@merseymail.com>, ASRG <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 6. Proposals: LMAP - Forwarding Comment and Recommended
 Changes
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Date: Mon, 15 Dec 2003 11:26:27 -0500 (EST)



On Mon, 15 Dec 2003, Philip Miller wrote:

> Jon Kyme wrote:
> > envelope from and decode for bounces.
> > 
> > Would it be useful to consider rfc3461 ENVID in this context?
> > I don't know how wide support for this is (is there any?).
> 
> I'm not too familiar with this. I'll read it later today.
> 

With respect to the question: Is there any support for ENVID?
Looking on google, it seems that many MTAs support it.

I found positive references to support for ENVID by:

    Sendmail (8.8+)         
    Courrier
    PMDF
    zmailer  
    MH 
    qmail

This last is significant, since qmail's VERP is a substitute for ENVID
proposed when DJB considered support for ENVID insufficiently widespread.
I found references to security holes in the ENVID support by:

    MS Exchange 
    Lotus Domino 

so they must support it, too. I did find a newsgroup posting from someone
saying that POSTFIX did not support ENVID - the only MTA I found such
information about.

Sendmail supports ENVID from the sendmail command line with the "-V"
option.

I haven't tested any of these, but note that ENVID is documented in
rfc1891, so it is not a new feature. The update in 3461 only fixes the
character set and size.

Daniel Feenberg





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From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@ox.org>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 6. Proposals: MTA MARK vs port 25 filtering? 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Sun, 14 Dec 2003 01:33:24 EST."
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Date: Mon, 15 Dec 2003 11:46:56 -0500

Philip Miller <millenix@zemos.net> wrote:
> The LMAP discussion document needs cohesive review and editing, preferably 
> before we publish as and Internet Draft. IDs are nice for some things, but 
> it's easier if we make all of the changes we feel necessary before first 
> official publication.

  Patches?

  I've got a number of messages saved in a folder, and am planning to
update the document again before the end of the year.

  Alan DeKok.

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Subject: Re: [Asrg] 6. Proposals: LMAP - Forwarding Comment and Recommended Changes
To: feenberg@nber.org
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Date: Mon, 15 Dec 2003 16:54:01 +0000

Daniel Feenberg:
> 
> so they must support it, too. I did find a newsgroup posting from someone
> saying that POSTFIX did not support ENVID - the only MTA I found such
> information about.
> 

I think I'm right to say that exim doesn't do DSN at all.
I'm sure that some kind of verp might be required as a fallback, but it
occurred to me that this is the kind of thing that ENVID would be well
suited for... perhaps.




--

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Alan DeKok wrote:
> Philip Miller <millenix@zemos.net> wrote:
>>The LMAP discussion document needs cohesive review and editing, preferably 
>>before we publish as and Internet Draft. IDs are nice for some things, but 
>>it's easier if we make all of the changes we feel necessary before first 
>>official publication.
> 
>   Patches?
> 
>   I've got a number of messages saved in a folder, and am planning to
> update the document again before the end of the year.

Well, here's one more. I'm not sure what to do about the organization, and I 
don't know how or where we would address the relevance of SMTP AUTH.

About the organization:
I don't think we should have 2 complete sections dedicated to
addressing, point by point, the specific requirements dreamt up by this
group. They should certainly all be addressed within the body of this
document, or in the protocol description. Basically, I think the best
way to address the myriad concerns is to integrate them in the
rationales for normative sections. I don't think we should end up with 2
separate documents when we're done, one describing the protocol(s) and
one defending it. This is not the norm from what I've seen in the RFCs, 
assuming we intend to eventually publish this as an RFC. If there is a 
precedent, point me to it and I'll stand corrected, but most things seem to 
be completely integrated.

About Section 2.1.2  "Why prevent domain forgery, instead of end-user
forgery?":
End-user authentication definitely has some bearing on the workings of
LMAP. If some major mail-originating domain implemented LMAP, but made
no provision to prevent transmission of spam or forged messages through the 
authorized servers, what good has it done? Worst case, you could have 
LMAP-listed open relays.
We should definitely at least recommend the use of SMTP AUTH within domains 
in tandem with LMAP.

--
Philip Miller


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From: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 0. General - Review of the CRI subgroup
In-reply-to: <22224.1071465521@kanga.nu>
To: J C Lawrence <claw@kanga.nu>
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J C Lawrence wrote:
> On Wed, 10 Dec 2003 14:21:39 -0500 
> Eric Dean <eric@purespeed.com> wrote:
> 
>>If you are willing to hack code..so am I.
> 
> 
> Excellent!

So perhaps the people that are interested in CRI can come up a set of 
concrete goals for the CRI subgroup?

Yakov

P.S. It has been expressed by several parties that C/R concept itself 
might be easier to deal with if it is done out of band - i.e. via an 
ESMTP extension or something similar, as opposed to inside email itself.

-------
Yakov Shafranovich / asrg <at> shaftek.org
SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc. / research <at> solidmatrix.com
"And this too shall come to pass"
-------


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From: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 6. Proposals: MTA MARK vs port 25 filtering?
In-reply-to: <3FDE3C40.1080406@zemos.net>
To: Philip Miller <millenix@zemos.net>
Cc: Alan DeKok <aland@ox.org>, asrg@ietf.org
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Philip Miller wrote:
> Alan DeKok wrote:
> 
>> Philip Miller <millenix@zemos.net> wrote:
>>
>>> The LMAP discussion document needs cohesive review and editing, 
>>> preferably before we publish as and Internet Draft. IDs are nice for 
>>> some things, but it's easier if we make all of the changes we feel 
>>> necessary before first official publication.
>>
>>
>>   Patches?
>>
>>   I've got a number of messages saved in a folder, and am planning to
>> update the document again before the end of the year.
> 
> 
> Well, here's one more. I'm not sure what to do about the organization, 
> and I don't know how or where we would address the relevance of SMTP AUTH.
> 
> About the organization:
> I don't think we should have 2 complete sections dedicated to
> addressing, point by point, the specific requirements dreamt up by this
> group. They should certainly all be addressed within the body of this
> document, or in the protocol description. Basically, I think the best
> way to address the myriad concerns is to integrate them in the
> rationales for normative sections. I don't think we should end up with 2
> separate documents when we're done, one describing the protocol(s) and
> one defending it. This is not the norm from what I've seen in the RFCs, 
> assuming we intend to eventually publish this as an RFC. If there is a 
> precedent, point me to it and I'll stand corrected, but most things seem 
> to be completely integrated.
> 

As a research group we are expected to concentrate on discussing the 
proposal itself, and leave the implementation to the IETF. Also, 
responding to requirements point by point has been an approach taken by 
some of the other RGs and WGs.

Yakov

-------
Yakov Shafranovich / asrg <at> shaftek.org
SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc. / research <at> solidmatrix.com
"All that is gold does not glitter" (LOTR)
-------


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Subject: Re: [Asrg] 6. Proposals: MTA MARK vs port 25 filtering?
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My only input with this would be to be aware that ESMTP AUTH is typically
also used to open routing access in addressing the dynamic IP roaming user.
It also enforces a non-null address, and in our case, optionally enforces or
restricts the return path domain provided.

In other words, ESMTP AUTH trumps all.   LMAP or no LMAP,  it opens routing
to users.

Note, there are 3 basic ways email (smtp/pop3) server vendors open access to
relaying/routing:

1)  The traditional IP relay tables
2)  ESMTP AUTH
3)  POP3 BEFORE SMTP

The latter often used by ISP to reduce the user support issues created by
the first two.  The first doesn't help the roaming user problem and the
second require ESMTP ready end-user software and additional ISP setup
instructions for the user.

However, POP3 BEFORE SMTP is based on the premise that most end-user mail
software POP3 into a system before SENDING any mail.   For example, you will
see this option in Outlook as

            (*)  Pick up mail first before sending mail

or something like that as alternative option to ( ) Server requires login to
send mail.

-- Hector

----- Original Message ----- 
From: "Philip Miller" <millenix@zemos.net>
To: "Alan DeKok" <aland@ox.org>
Cc: <asrg@ietf.org>
Sent: Monday, December 15, 2003 5:57 PM
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 6. Proposals: MTA MARK vs port 25 filtering?


> Alan DeKok wrote:

> About Section 2.1.2  "Why prevent domain forgery, instead of end-user
> forgery?":
> End-user authentication definitely has some bearing on the workings of
> LMAP. If some major mail-originating domain implemented LMAP, but made
> no provision to prevent transmission of spam or forged messages through
the
> authorized servers, what good has it done? Worst case, you could have
> LMAP-listed open relays.
> We should definitely at least recommend the use of SMTP AUTH within
domains
> in tandem with LMAP.
>
> --
> Philip Miller
>
>
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg
>



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Subject: Re: [Asrg] 6. Proposals: MTA MARK vs port 25 filtering?
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Hector Santos wrote:
> My only input with this would be to be aware that ESMTP AUTH is typically
> also used to open routing access in addressing the dynamic IP roaming user.
> It also enforces a non-null address, and in our case, optionally enforces or
> restricts the return path domain provided.
> 
> In other words, ESMTP AUTH trumps all.   LMAP or no LMAP,  it opens routing
> to users.

Yes, except that AUTH does nothing on the public internet if spammers can 
originate messages from someone without authenticating as that someone. 
These are complementary. LMAP makes it so that mail from a given address can 
only come from a limited set of servers, and AUTH lets those servers ensure 
that the address on mail they're transmitting is not forged.
AUTH is only useful within an organization, not across the public internet. 
You can't expect to connect to one of AOL's MX servers, AUTH as somebody 
(how would you if you're not an AOL subscriber?), and have that server 
accept your mail. Note that a roaming user connecting to the home server is 
'within an organization'.

> Note, there are 3 basic ways email (smtp/pop3) server vendors open access to
> relaying/routing:
> 
> 1)  The traditional IP relay tables
> 2)  ESMTP AUTH
> 3)  POP3 BEFORE SMTP
> 
> The latter often used by ISP to reduce the user support issues created by
> the first two.  The first doesn't help the roaming user problem and the
> second require ESMTP ready end-user software and additional ISP setup
> instructions for the user.

Every major MUA has supported AUTH for a long time, AFAIK. Outlook, Outlook 
Express, Netscape (in all variants since at least 4), Eudora, etc. The real 
cost is user implementation. It imposes a massive support cost on any 
organization that does not control the machines used to send mail, such as 
most commercial ISPs. Note, however, that this does not affect AOL, because 
users must login before they can originate email. They have a semantically 
more sensible equivalent to POP-before-SMTP.

> However, POP3 BEFORE SMTP is based on the premise that most end-user mail
> software POP3 into a system before SENDING any mail.   For example, you will
> see this option in Outlook as
> 
>             (*)  Pick up mail first before sending mail
> 
> or something like that as alternative option to ( ) Server requires login to
> send mail.

POP-before-SMTP was an ugly hack to make up for shortcomings in existing 
software. Unfortunately, it stuck. It's clearly obsoleted by SMTP AUTH, but 
there's no compelling reason for users to switch, and thus ISPs have to deal 
with the inertia of their users. I think we're going to have to live with it 
for a long time.
However, that does not change the fact that LMAP and user authentication 
target 2 complentary but separate problems: domain forgery, which prevents 
holding anyone accountable, and user forgery, which is a nuisance best dealt 
with by the organization that hosts the user's address, since they are 
uniquely able to authenticate the user.

Philip Miller


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To: <asrg@ietf.org>
References: <20031215164656.86D9D170A8@mail.nitros9.org> <3FDE3C40.1080406@zemos.net> <001d01c3c380$9a51ace0$6401a8c0@FAMILY> <3FDE79D0.7000708@zemos.net>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 6. Proposals: MTA MARK vs port 25 filtering?
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----- Original Message ----- 
From: "Philip Miller" <millenix@zemos.net>
To: "Hector Santos" <winserver.support@winserver.com>
Cc: <asrg@ietf.org>
Sent: Monday, December 15, 2003 10:19 PM
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 6. Proposals: MTA MARK vs port 25 filtering?


> POP-before-SMTP was an ugly hack to make up for shortcomings in existing
> software. Unfortunately, it stuck. It's clearly obsoleted by SMTP AUTH,
but
> there's no compelling reason for users to switch, and thus ISPs have to
deal
> with the inertia of their users. I think we're going to have to live with
it
> for a long time.

I was resistance to the idea myself until ISPs indicated their side of the
story.  Easy end-user signs up with little or no instructions.  They were
right.  Once we added it,  it is now rare for us to be telling our customers
they need to setup their mail client for SMTP authentication.   Look at how
the software is written for the end user.  The only easy setup is for POP3
login.  SMTP authentication requires extra steps and instructions.  It is
not obvious.

> However, that does not change the fact that LMAP and user authentication
> target 2 complentary but separate problems: domain forgery, which prevents
> holding anyone accountable, and user forgery, which is a nuisance best
dealt
> with by the organization that hosts the user's address, since they are
> uniquely able to authenticate the user.

I agree.  My point is only that most systems with ESMTP AUTH use it to trump
most (if not all) other restrictions, which is mainly routing.  So as long
as you can login,  it doesn't matter what machine you connect from or what
address you use for the return path.  In our case, however, we have
restrictions for the return path in AUTH mode.

The question is how will LMAP address systems like AOL who are now
automatically blocking dynamic IP machines at the connection level.

Does LMAP address IP ranges?

Are we ready to say that dynamic IP senders are no longer allowed?

The way I see it from an implementation standpoint, LMAP can only be used
for a "accept" logic.  It can't be used to reject for lack of a LMAP based
information.

        LMAP  AUTH
         0               0         Low trust
         1               0         X trust
          0              1         Y trust
          1               1        Z trust

Z is great,  Y is still better than X.   With just X,  we are still
scratching our heads which is the point you are making I believe.   What I
am saying, you don't need X if you have Y and I sincerely doubt systems are
going to remove this logic to programmatically require X before you can have
Y.    As long as you have Y (AUTH), you are in.   In short, Trust Z  >=
Trust Y.    With no X,   Z=Y.

-- Hector





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From: "Hallam-Baker, Phillip" <pbaker@verisign.com>
To: ngilman@gilmanresearch.com
Cc: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: RE: [Asrg] 0. General - IPR - Patents on C/R
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The C/R mechanism was used for sender authetication in the MIT AI Lab
COMLINK system used to host Vice President Al Gore's Open Meeting in 1994.
The mechanism was designed and implemented much earlier though - 1993.

The same mechanism was used by Nathaniel Borenstein as a mail filter in 1994
and as a payments mechanism (Green Commerce/First Virtual).

The application to spam is obvious and utterly anti-social. Best thing that
can happen here is for the patent to kill this obnoxious and clueless
mechanism. 


	Phill

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Yakov Shafranovich [mailto:research@solidmatrix.com]
> Sent: Thursday, December 11, 2003 10:02 PM
> To: ngilman@gilmanresearch.com
> Cc: asrg@ietf.org
> Subject: [Asrg] 0. General - IPR - Patents on C/R
> 
> 
> [Subject changed as per posting guidelines, was "Re: [Asrg] 2 
> Questions: 
> History of "Challenge-Response" SPAM filter and Info re. 
> Julian Byrne". 
> Mod.].
> 
> See the following link:
> 
> http://www.solidmatrix.com/research/asrg/asrg-ipr.html
> 
> Gilman Research Services wrote:
> > Hello,
> > 
> > I am a patent researcher conducting research into the history of
> > "Challenge-Response" SPAM filters and would appreciate any 
> assistance or
> > guidance you can provide. I apologize if this is not 
> exactly in keeping with
> > the list's posting guidelines.
> > 
> > 1) I believe I am up to date on the current status of 
> "Challenge-Response"
> > SPAM filters but seem to have hit a dead end re. the history of the
> > strategy.  Most references go back as far as 1996 and 1997 
> with newsgroup
> > postings by Julian Byrne on the topic, i.e., 
> "challenge-response antispam
> > 'bot (CRABS) and others.  Can anyone provide me with any additional
> > references that pre-date 1997?
> > 
> > 2) Secondly, does anyone have any additional information 
> re. Julian Byrne?
> > There appears to be no posting by the professor after 1998 
> and he is no
> > longer at Monash University in AU. Again and information would be
> > appreciated.
> > 
> > Thank you in advance for your patience and time.
> > 
> > Sincerely,
> > 
> > Norm Gilman
> > Gilman Research Services, LLC
> > 
> > 
> > 
> > 
> > _______________________________________________
> > Asrg mailing list
> > Asrg@ietf.org
> > https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg
> > 
> 
> -------
> Yakov Shafranovich / asrg <at> shaftek.org
> SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc. / research <at> solidmatrix.com
> "Among all our enemies / The ones to be most feared are often the 
> smallest" (Jean de la Fontaine)
> -------
> 
> 
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg
> 

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From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@ox.org>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 6. Proposals: MTA MARK vs port 25 filtering? 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Mon, 15 Dec 2003 17:57:04 EST."
             <3FDE3C40.1080406@zemos.net> 
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Philip Miller <millenix@zemos.net> wrote:
> Well, here's one more. I'm not sure what to do about the organization, and I 
> don't know how or where we would address the relevance of SMTP AUTH.

  I don't think SMTP AUTH is relevant.  It's intended to be user
authentication, not MTA authentication.

  We could extend SMTP AUTH to do MTA authentication, but it would
then end up looking like LMAP.

> I don't think we should have 2 complete sections dedicated to
> addressing, point by point, the specific requirements dreamt up by this
> group.

  They're not.  They addressing two documents.  When/if the documents
get merged, the sections in the LMAP discussion paper can get merged.

> End-user authentication definitely has some bearing on the workings of
> LMAP. If some major mail-originating domain implemented LMAP, but made
> no provision to prevent transmission of spam or forged messages through the 
> authorized servers, what good has it done? Worst case, you could have 
> LMAP-listed open relays.

  Nothing can ever prevent the abuse of valid user accounts, or of
invalid MTA configurations.

> We should definitely at least recommend the use of SMTP AUTH within domains 
> in tandem with LMAP.

  That's my opinion, too.

  I don't understand why it's considered reasonable to have every MTA
on the planet authenticate everyone else's users.  Systems which have
such requirements in their design are fundamentally flawed.

  Alan DeKok.

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From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@ox.org>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 6. Proposals: MTA MARK vs port 25 filtering? 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Mon, 15 Dec 2003 23:08:44 EST."
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"Hector Santos" <winserver.support@winserver.com> wrote:
> Does LMAP address IP ranges?

  Yes.  See the various drafts for different syntactic ways of
implementing this.

> Are we ready to say that dynamic IP senders are no longer allowed?

  That's up to the domain they claim to be associated with.  The
recipient MTA doesn't know, or care, that the user has a dynamic IP.

> The way I see it from an implementation standpoint, LMAP can only be used
> for a "accept" logic.  It can't be used to reject for lack of a LMAP based
> information.

  That's pretty much what the document says.

>         LMAP  AUTH
>          0               0         Low trust
>          1               0         X trust
>           0              1         Y trust
>           1               1        Z trust
> 
> Z is great,  Y is still better than X.   With just X,  we are still
> scratching our heads which is the point you are making I believe.   What I
> am saying, you don't need X if you have Y 

  I don't see why.

  SMTP AUTH is a user to sending MTA authentication protocol.  LMAP is
an domain to MTA authorization protocol.  I don't see why using one
would negate the need for the other.

  Alan DeKok.

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From: "Hector Santos" <winserver.support@winserver.com>
To: <asrg@ietf.org>
References: <20031216184532.DC62916E0B@mail.nitros9.org>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 6. Proposals: MTA MARK vs port 25 filtering? 
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Hi Alan,

Thanks Alan, I'll trying to keep up.  Maybe you can help summarize it here:

Who has LMAP deployed currently to evaluate its effectiveness?

What is the recommended refusal methods for a LMAP rejection?


Does LMAP offer a fallback?

Does LMAP rejection pre-empt an ESMTP AUTH?

Does LMAP even allow for ESMTP AUTH to be reached?

You have to just put yourself in the position of the engineer that will be
programming this and passing it on to customers.    Right now ESMTP AUTH
trumps all restrictions or issues that deal with SPAM or dynamic IP or
whatever.   Where and how LMAP would fit in with everything else is what I
am trying to see.   Unless I am seeing it wrong, I agree with Phillip,  the
domain check itself is insufficient.

-- Hector





----- Original Message ----- 
From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@ox.org>
To: <asrg@ietf.org>
Sent: Tuesday, December 16, 2003 1:45 PM
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 6. Proposals: MTA MARK vs port 25 filtering?


> "Hector Santos" <winserver.support@winserver.com> wrote:
> > Does LMAP address IP ranges?
>
>   Yes.  See the various drafts for different syntactic ways of
> implementing this.
>
> > Are we ready to say that dynamic IP senders are no longer allowed?
>
>   That's up to the domain they claim to be associated with.  The
> recipient MTA doesn't know, or care, that the user has a dynamic IP.
>
> > The way I see it from an implementation standpoint, LMAP can only be
used
> > for a "accept" logic.  It can't be used to reject for lack of a LMAP
based
> > information.
>
>   That's pretty much what the document says.
>
> >         LMAP  AUTH
> >          0               0         Low trust
> >          1               0         X trust
> >           0              1         Y trust
> >           1               1        Z trust
> >
> > Z is great,  Y is still better than X.   With just X,  we are still
> > scratching our heads which is the point you are making I believe.   What
I
> > am saying, you don't need X if you have Y
>
>   I don't see why.
>
>   SMTP AUTH is a user to sending MTA authentication protocol.  LMAP is
> an domain to MTA authorization protocol.  I don't see why using one
> would negate the need for the other.
>
>   Alan DeKok.
>
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg
>



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From exim@www1.ietf.org  Tue Dec 16 14:21:38 2003
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From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@ox.org>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: [Asrg] [1] Why SPAM is worse in SMTP than in other protocols
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  I've written a *very* rough first draft of a document.  It's
available at:

  http://www.striker.ottawa.on.ca/~aland/smtp-sucks/problems.txt

  If there's interest in contributing to the document, I'll set up a
mailing list, and we can continue from there.

  Even as rough as it is, I feel very positive about it.  It gives a
number of *concrete* reasons as to why spam is worse in SMTP than in
any other protocol.  It allows us to classify the anti-spam measures,
and see which part of spam they fight.

  It also allows us to demonstrate the flaws in anti-spam measures.
e.g. "Pull" addresses one feature of SMTP which enables spam, but in
isolation, doesn't address others.  Therefore, pull alone is
insufficient to stop spam.


  The largest problem I can see with any attempt to "patch" SMTP to
fix it's design flaws is the continued existence of older servers.
Many older servers which won't implement any new anti-spam "fix" will
be sending spam, and many others won't be sending spam.  It will be
very difficult to tell the difference between the two, which
severely limits the effectiveness of any anti-spam system.

  Alan DeKok.

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To: "Alan DeKok" <aland@ox.org>
From: Mark Baugher <mbaugher@cisco.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 6. Proposals: MTA MARK vs port 25 filtering? 
Cc: asrg@ietf.org
In-Reply-To: <20031216184114.2EBB016E0B@mail.nitros9.org>
References: <Your message of "Mon, 15 Dec 2003 17:57:04 EST." <3FDE3C40.1080406@zemos.net>
 <20031216184114.2EBB016E0B@mail.nitros9.org>
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At 10:41 AM 12/16/2003, Alan DeKok wrote:
>Philip Miller <millenix@zemos.net> wrote:
> > Well, here's one more. I'm not sure what to do about the organization, 
> and I
> > don't know how or where we would address the relevance of SMTP AUTH.
>
>   I don't think SMTP AUTH is relevant.  It's intended to be user
>authentication, not MTA authentication.
>
>   We could extend SMTP AUTH to do MTA authentication, but it would
>then end up looking like LMAP.

I believe SMTP TLS is intended for MTA authentication.

Mark


> > I don't think we should have 2 complete sections dedicated to
> > addressing, point by point, the specific requirements dreamt up by this
> > group.
>
>   They're not.  They addressing two documents.  When/if the documents
>get merged, the sections in the LMAP discussion paper can get merged.
>
> > End-user authentication definitely has some bearing on the workings of
> > LMAP. If some major mail-originating domain implemented LMAP, but made
> > no provision to prevent transmission of spam or forged messages through 
> the
> > authorized servers, what good has it done? Worst case, you could have
> > LMAP-listed open relays.
>
>   Nothing can ever prevent the abuse of valid user accounts, or of
>invalid MTA configurations.
>
> > We should definitely at least recommend the use of SMTP AUTH within 
> domains
> > in tandem with LMAP.
>
>   That's my opinion, too.
>
>   I don't understand why it's considered reasonable to have every MTA
>on the planet authenticate everyone else's users.  Systems which have
>such requirements in their design are fundamentally flawed.
>
>   Alan DeKok.
>
>_______________________________________________
>Asrg mailing list
>Asrg@ietf.org
>https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg



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From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@ox.org>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 6. Proposals: MTA MARK vs port 25 filtering? 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Tue, 16 Dec 2003 11:21:59 PST."
             <6.0.0.22.2.20031216112025.03c1a058@mira-sjc5-6.cisco.com> 
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Mark Baugher <mbaugher@cisco.com> wrote:
> >   We could extend SMTP AUTH to do MTA authentication, but it would
> >then end up looking like LMAP.
>
> I believe SMTP TLS is intended for MTA authentication.

  Yes, it also solves the security/privacy issue.  But it's
authentication + security, not just authentication.  And I don't think
many MTA's allow STARTTLS with cipher "none".

  Section 5.1 of RFC 2487 says:

---
   The decision of whether or not to believe the authenticity of the
   other party in a TLS negotiation is a local matter. However, some
   general rules for the decisions are:

    - A SMTP client would probably only want to authenticate an SMTP
      server whose server certificate has a domain name that is the
      domain name that the client thought it was connecting to.
    - A publicly-referenced  SMTP server would probably want to accept
      any certificate from an SMTP client, and would possibly want to
      put distinguishing information about the certificate in the
      Received header of messages that were relayed or submitted from
      the client.
---

  The second option becomes more useful if the senders certificate is
in DNS somewhere, or is signed with a well-known public key, also
visible in DNS.

  Section 7 "Security Considerations" is also useful:

---
   It should be noted that SMTP is not an end-to-end mechanism. Thus,
   if an SMTP client/server pair decide to add TLS privacy, they are
   not securing the transport from the originating mail user agent to
   the recipient.  Further, because delivery of a single piece of mail
   may go between more than two SMTP servers, adding TLS privacy to
   one pair of servers does not mean that the entire SMTP chain has
   been made private. Further, just because an SMTP server can
   authenticate an SMTP client, it does not mean that the mail from
   the SMTP client was authenticated by the SMTP client when the
   client received it.
---

  Other methods can potentially extend the authentication of the
message beyond the per-hop limit of STARTTLS.

  Alan DeKok.

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From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@ox.org>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 6. Proposals: MTA MARK vs port 25 filtering? 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Tue, 16 Dec 2003 14:03:28 EST."
             <006e01c3c407$4b87ec00$6401a8c0@FAMILY> 
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"Hector Santos" <winserver.support@winserver.com> wrote:
> Who has LMAP deployed currently to evaluate its effectiveness?

  Read the related drafts.  Many have been implemented.

> What is the recommended refusal methods for a LMAP rejection?

  I'm not sure what you mean by that.

> Does LMAP offer a fallback?

  To what?  Read the discussion paper, and the various protocol
drafts, they discuss this topic.

> Does LMAP rejection pre-empt an ESMTP AUTH?
> 
> Does LMAP even allow for ESMTP AUTH to be reached?

  Read the discussion paper and the drafts.  They make it clear that
those questions are orthogonal to LMAP, and are thus local site
configuration issues.  i.e. They're irrelevant to LMAP.

> You have to just put yourself in the position of the engineer that will be
> programming this and passing it on to customers.    Right now ESMTP AUTH
> trumps all restrictions or issues that deal with SPAM or dynamic IP or
> whatever.   Where and how LMAP would fit in with everything else is what I
> am trying to see.

  Read the documents.

  Alan DeKok.

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From: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 6. Proposals: MTA MARK vs port 25 filtering?
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Alan DeKok wrote:
> Mark Baugher <mbaugher@cisco.com> wrote:
> 
>>>  We could extend SMTP AUTH to do MTA authentication, but it would
>>>then end up looking like LMAP.
>>
>>I believe SMTP TLS is intended for MTA authentication.
> 
> 
>   Yes, it also solves the security/privacy issue.  But it's
> authentication + security, not just authentication.  And I don't think
> many MTA's allow STARTTLS with cipher "none".
> 
[..]
>   Other methods can potentially extend the authentication of the
> message beyond the per-hop limit of STARTTLS.

With LMAP, authentication is done to the originating domain, as opposed 
to per-hop basis.

However, it seems to me that in cases where someone outsources their 
email delivery, there will be significant administrative issues since 
the owner of the domain will have to list all possible outbound servers 
of the outsourcer in LMAP records. And anytime this information changes, 
the DNS records need to be updated.

Yakov

-------
Yakov Shafranovich / asrg <at> shaftek.org
SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc. / research <at> solidmatrix.com
"Be liberal in what you accept, and conservative in what you send" (Jon 
Postel)
-------


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[Subject changed to be more readable, was "Re: [Asrg] [1] Why SPAM is 
worse in SMTP than in other protocols". Mod.]

Alan DeKok wrote:

>   I've written a *very* rough first draft of a document.  It's
> available at:
> 
>   http://www.striker.ottawa.on.ca/~aland/smtp-sucks/problems.txt
> 
>   If there's interest in contributing to the document, I'll set up a
> mailing list, and we can continue from there.
> 
>   Even as rough as it is, I feel very positive about it.  It gives a
> number of *concrete* reasons as to why spam is worse in SMTP than in
> any other protocol.  It allows us to classify the anti-spam measures,
> and see which part of spam they fight.
> 
>   It also allows us to demonstrate the flaws in anti-spam measures.
> e.g. "Pull" addresses one feature of SMTP which enables spam, but in
> isolation, doesn't address others.  Therefore, pull alone is
> insufficient to stop spam.
> 
> 
>   The largest problem I can see with any attempt to "patch" SMTP to
> fix it's design flaws is the continued existence of older servers.
> Many older servers which won't implement any new anti-spam "fix" will
> be sending spam, and many others won't be sending spam.  It will be
> very difficult to tell the difference between the two, which
> severely limits the effectiveness of any anti-spam system.
> 
>   Alan DeKok.

-------
Yakov Shafranovich / asrg <at> shaftek.org
SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc. / research <at> solidmatrix.com
"I want to know G-d's thoughts... the rest are details" (Albert Einstein)
-------


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From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@ox.org>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 6. Proposals: MTA MARK vs port 25 filtering? 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Tue, 16 Dec 2003 15:55:25 EST."
             <3FDF713D.5050000@solidmatrix.com> 
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> With LMAP, authentication is done to the originating domain, as opposed 
> to per-hop basis.

  That's the phrasing I was looking for.  Thanks.  It's been a long day.

> However, it seems to me that in cases where someone outsources their 
> email delivery, there will be significant administrative issues since 
> the owner of the domain will have to list all possible outbound servers 
> of the outsourcer in LMAP records. And anytime this information changes, 
> the DNS records need to be updated.

  One word: delegation.

  If *all* of their mail is outsourced, then the LMAP records can be
delegated to the domain which performs the delivery.

  If some of the mail is outsourced, then this will be discovered
because the outsourced machine will probably do:

  EHLO outsource-machine.example.com
  MAIL FROM: anonymous@example.net
  
  The LMAP system can check:

  1) reverse-ip._lmap_.example.net
  2) reverse-ip.example.com._lmap_.example.net

  The first question asks: "is this IP authorized to send messages as
example.net?"  If the answer is no, the second question is asked,
which is:

  "Is this IP, which claims to be within example.com, allowed to send
messages as example.net?"  example.net can then do something like:

  example.com._lmap_.example.net      IN PTR _lmap_.example.com

  That should be easy to do, and should simplify a lot of the
delegation issues.

  Alan DeKok.

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Alan,

AD>   Even as rough as it is, I feel very positive about it.  It gives a
AD> number of *concrete* reasons as to why spam is worse in SMTP than in
AD> any other protocol.  It allows us to classify the anti-spam measures,


  An exercise like the one you are doing can be very useful.
  
  Let me strongly encourage you to re-cast the bulk of your document
  into non-technical issues, first.  That is, discuss messaging and a
  human process, without concern for whether it is paper mail, email, or
  whatever.  As you offer criticisms of the human communication modes
  available for Internet mail, compare whether they differ from the
  modes available for other messaging.

  When you suggest superior modes of operation, discuss them in terms of
  the human communication first, and the technical aspects second.

  After we have some consensus about these issues, in terms of human
  communication, it will then be reasonable to see what changes are
  needed to the technology.


d/
--
 Dave Crocker <dcrocker-at-brandenburg-dot-com>
 Brandenburg InternetWorking <www.brandenburg.com>
 Sunnyvale, CA  USA <tel:+1.408.246.8253>


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Subject: Re: [Asrg] 6. Proposals: MTA MARK vs port 25 filtering?
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On Tue, Dec 16, 2003, Alan DeKok wrote:

>   I don't think SMTP AUTH is relevant.  It's intended to be user
> authentication, not MTA authentication.

What in the RFC prevents it from being used for MTA authentication?

>   We could extend SMTP AUTH to do MTA authentication, but it would

What should an extension look like?

> then end up looking like LMAP.

Please be more specific.

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From: Markus Stumpf <maex-lists-spam-ietf-asrg@Space.Net>
To: Daniel Feenberg <feenberg@nber.org>
Cc: "Marc A. Pelletier" <marc@ctrl-alt-del.ca>,
        Brett Watson <famous-asrg@nutters.org>, asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 6. Proposals: MTA MARK vs port 25 filtering?
Message-ID: <20031216230048.GH51606@Space.Net>
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On Sun, Dec 14, 2003 at 11:13:03AM -0500, Daniel Feenberg wrote:
> Perhaps you are confused by lax terminology. When anti-spammers speak of
> filtering port 25, they mean packets destined to port 25 on the remote
> system. That is the only port that accepts mail from strangers on most
> systems. 

If you start to block port 25 outgoing people will start to make wide
use of SRV records, because a lot of receiving MTAs will /want/ to 
talk to users behind port 25 blocked networks.
With SRV records you don't need well-known ports any longer, but you
specify the port your SMTP speaking MTA is listening on in the SRV
record itself.
Port 25 blocking rendered useless.

	\Maex

-- 
SpaceNet AG            | Joseph-Dollinger-Bogen 14 | Fon: +49 (89) 32356-0
Research & Development |       D-80807 Muenchen    | Fax: +49 (89) 32356-299
"The security, stability and reliability of a computer system is reciprocally
 proportional to the amount of vacuity between the ears of the admin"

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Subject: Re: [Asrg] 6. Proposals: MTA MARK vs port 25 filtering?
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On Fri, Dec 12, 2003 at 05:07:19PM -0500, Alan DeKok wrote:
> Markus Stumpf <maex-lists-spam-ietf-asrg@Space.Net> wrote:
> > But with the presumption of innocence each one should be allowed to send
> > a mail to another person on the internet without some authority blocking
> > it by default "just because".
> 
>   My whole point is that you may have *reasons* for blocking port 25:
> The user didn't accept responsibility for traffic being sent to that
> port, coming from his network.

Our customers are responsible for the traffic they generate. Who says
they aren't? And customers that abuse our AUP or have 0wned hosts not
only get port 25 blocked but they get pulled the plug.

>   Similarly, you probably block BGP connections from people you don't
> have peering agreements with.  I don't see how blocking any other
> protocol is different.

Where's the problem?
/You/ (and that's the analogy here) are free to block all connections to
/your/ SMTP port and only allow a whitelist through.

Are you running a webserver?
Should we also block all outgoing connections on port 80, because some
customers could access your server just for fun and retrieve some
documents without reading them just to generate traffic that you have to
pay for.
Btw. Referers are used for spamming already. As nearly all webserver
operators are horny for access statistics and from where their site is
linked from spammers retrieve homepages and send faked referers to make
the operator visit this page and be loaded by spam and ads.

Oh, and ping packets, we have to block ping packets.

> > Reading and controlling each and every email before letting
> > it pass the border of your IT infrastructure is impossible for anyone/
> > any business with more than 100 emails a day and 5 people. Even more if
> > you have to take care about data protection.
> 
>   Again, I have NEVER said that doing this would be a good idea.  I
> don't see why you're bringing it up.  It simply isn't relevant.

Sure you said:
*> I understand how that's nice, in an ideal world.  The problem is
*> you're confusing "censorship" with "quality control".  You're
*> confusing "censorship" with "self-protection".  Your freedom to swing
*> your fist ends where my face begins.  It's not a difficult concept.

How would you accomplish "quality CONTROL"?
And if I swing my fists and you move your face forward, is that my fault?

> > We have an AUP that forbids to send "bad" mails (whatever that means, in
> > our case it's including UCE and spam) and we can take actions if a customer
> > fails to adhere. But unless he fails, he has free and unfiltered access to
> > the Internet and IMHO this is a good thing.
> 
>   The point I was trying to make is simple: I don't understand why
> you're treating SMTP different on one hand (you have an AUP), but then
> claiming you're not treating it differently on the other (you claim to
> give free and un-filtered access to the net.)

I don't get your point.
Is a free country "unfree" because they have laws?
Our AUP covers als hacking and other abusive behaviour. So we're not
treating SMTP different, but we're making differences in behaviour.

>   You've already decided that you have NOT given your customers
> absolutely free and totally unfiltered access to the net, so stop
> trying to pretend otherwise.  You're already filtering network traffic
> you find abusive, or which attacks your local infrastructure.

No we don't as long as it doesn't happen.
As long as a customer is not abusive he is free to do whatever he likes.
And just as I don't knock down everyone I meet because he could
potentially try to rob a bank we don't block customers unless they
behave abusive.

>   It makes sense to me, then, if we both agree to each filter network
> traffic which abuses the other person.  It just saves time, money, and
> work for everyone.

If we get a complaint we analyze it, and if there is evident of abuse
we do not filter the customer, we pull the plug and terminate the contract.

> > No, they can't.
> > Our routers do know which side the addresses may come from.
> 
>   So you're doing even more filtering than you said originally.  Why
> not extend that filtering to network abuse *other* than forged
> packets?

No, that's abusive packets /not/ originating at our customers, if they
are from the outside. If they are from the inside they are abusive
per definition and the inspection can be done automatically. We will be
notified and machine will be null routed.
I cannot automatically test all emails of all customers whether they are
abusive or not.

>   My point is that "free and unfiltered access to the net" does not
> exist for the vast majority of people.

And this is an argument for what?
Even "access to the Internet" does not exist for the vast majority of
people.

> ISP's are already limiting the things they let customers do.

These ISPs will die.

> Things like MTAMark or port 25
> filtering, are less than optimal, but they won't result in the
> destruction of the Internet, or even the "end to end" principle.

Just a reminder: my co-worker and I are the authors of MTA MARK.

> SMTP has never been "end to end".

I have always seconded that and had flame wars with people saying
otherwise.

>   RFC 2487, Section 7, Security Considerations, says:
> 	...
> 	It should be noted that SMTP is not an end-to-end mechanism
> 	...
>   See?  You can filter port 25 without the Internet exploding.  The
> RFC's say so.

If you quote a RFC you shouldn't mis-quote it. This is unfair to the
authors and distorting.

The section clearly makes a differentiation because there is
   MUA <-> MTA <-- smtp --> MTA <-> MUA
and not
   MUA <-- smtp --> MUA
and that's why according to that RFC SMTP is not an end-to-end mechanism.
The RFC does not say anything about companies, users or hosts as end-to-end
partners. Is only says that it is not a MUA <> MUA protocol.
And SMTP is without any doubt an end-to-end mechanism for most SMTP servers
and without any doubt a large number of companies and organizations that
are customers of ISPs, run their own SMTP speaking MTA in an end-to-end way.
And that is what you want to abolish.

	\Maex

-- 
SpaceNet AG            | Joseph-Dollinger-Bogen 14 | Fon: +49 (89) 32356-0
Research & Development |       D-80807 Muenchen    | Fax: +49 (89) 32356-299
"The security, stability and reliability of a computer system is reciprocally
 proportional to the amount of vacuity between the ears of the admin"

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To: David Maxwell <david@crlf.net>
Cc: Markus Stumpf <maex-lists-spam-ietf-asrg@Space.Net>,
        Alan DeKok <aland@ox.org>, asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 6. Proposals: MTA MARK vs port 25 filtering?
Message-ID: <20031216234012.GJ51606@Space.Net>
References: <20031210223501.GB38275@Space.Net> <20031212155821.C842716CFA@mail.nitros9.org> <20031212214327.GD20229@Space.Net> <20031213034355.GU29673@mail>
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On Fri, Dec 12, 2003 at 10:43:55PM -0500, David Maxwell wrote:
> If it was generally agreed that port 25 filtering would significantly
> reduce spam, then wouldn't it make sense for people to agree to have
> that filtering applied to their network, in order to cooperate for the
> greater good?

Is is not generally agreed upon.
With the possibility of SRV records my prediction is that you won't
recognize any measureable difference, but during the time it takes for
ISPs around the Internet to shut port 25 down, cause they have to talk
to their customers to not block their "legal" MTAs (and I would sue my
ISP to ashed if they'd do it without informing me) there would be a
migration to SRV records to circumvent the blockage.

> On the flip side, with regard to anyone who didn't want their network
> filtered...  "what are they afraid of"?

From next week on each and every motion of you will be tracked by
tracking the signals of you handy, so that one can make a profile.
Of course this will only be done if you are suspected to have robbed a
bank. If you don't rob banks, ""what are you afraid of"?

> You clearly don't need to filter port 25 from the entire customer
> network - just from everything but their MTA.  If any customer refuses,
> please publish their netmask, so we can block traffic from such
> irresponsible netizens...

You have to manage huge lists of expections to port 25 filters. We're
not talking about 10 but 10000 customers. A lot of the are companies
with their own MTAs. Believe me you don't want to manage that lists in
your border routers.

	\Maex

-- 
SpaceNet AG            | Joseph-Dollinger-Bogen 14 | Fon: +49 (89) 32356-0
Research & Development |       D-80807 Muenchen    | Fax: +49 (89) 32356-299
"The security, stability and reliability of a computer system is reciprocally
 proportional to the amount of vacuity between the ears of the admin"

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From: Markus Stumpf <maex-lists-spam-ietf-asrg@Space.Net>
To: Alan DeKok <aland@ox.org>
Cc: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 6. Proposals: MTA MARK vs port 25 filtering?
Message-ID: <20031216235059.GK51606@Space.Net>
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On Sat, Dec 13, 2003 at 12:21:52PM -0500, Alan DeKok wrote:
>   How do *I* tell your "responsible" MTA from an "owned" machine
> sending spam?  I understand your side of the problem: you want to send
> mail.  Please *think*, and try to understand my side of the problem:
> Without some additional information, you look *exactly* like a spammer
> to me.

If you get a telephone call, how do you tell a serious call from
- a call of an pervert telling you nasty things and masturbating?
- a call of a insurance broker trying to sell you a policy?
without some additional information the serious caller looks *exactly*
like a pervert.

>   I don't understand this fervent opposition to change, and to any
> attempt to hold people responsible.

What exactly is your definition of
   "to hold people responsible"

To repeat it: our customers
  - have to pay for Internet access
  - are subject to our AUP
  - get their connection terminated on abusive behaviour
  - get their contract terminated (unless their machine has been abused)
  - have to pay for the abuse handling
Isn't that "to hold people responsible"?
If you want more responsibility go ahead and sue them for stealth of
ressources. The problem with that is that most judges are too braindead
to accept that fact and argue that viruses or hackers can't be avoided.
It happens all day to everyone so not updating or securing your server
isn't even negligent.

	\Maex

-- 
SpaceNet AG            | Joseph-Dollinger-Bogen 14 | Fon: +49 (89) 32356-0
Research & Development |       D-80807 Muenchen    | Fax: +49 (89) 32356-299
"The security, stability and reliability of a computer system is reciprocally
 proportional to the amount of vacuity between the ears of the admin"

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Subject: Re: [Asrg] 6. Proposals: MTA MARK vs port 25 filtering?
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On Sun, Dec 14, 2003 at 03:48:47PM +1100, Brett Watson wrote:
> Our contributor named "Mark" has been harping on the "presumption of 
> innocence" principle, but it's precisely the viability of that principle 
> that's in question here. There is a certain quantity of spam which exists by 
> abusing the "presumption of innocence", so called. It's a badly 
> emotionally-laden term, since to advocate the converse is to advocate 
> "presumption of guilt", and you may as well advocate the strangulation of 
> small furry animals and children while you're about it. Rather than 
> "presumption of guilt", we should have "explicitly negotiated access". We 
> could recommend that port 25 be available (in some cases) only when 
> explicitly arranged, not on the basis of prior "guilt" or "innocence", but 
> purely to make accountability explicit.

Folx, I don't get it ;-)

If you are running a mailserver (MTA) you are free to block every host
that you wish. Our mailserver (not for our customers) will not talk to
about 150 millions of IP addresses on the Internet. This list grows with
a rate of about 250000 a day. This is my decision as the receiver and
every receiver is currently free to make that decision.

So, why do you want to have any transport agents (aka ISPs) install
filters and remove your ability to make that decision on your own?
If it's blocked by the transport agency you have no way to reverse that,
no matter how your decision might be.

If the port is blocked you get no information on why it is blocked. So
the theoretical sender is still unknown to you. Maybe the ISP is having
an issue of some sort and is now blocking the sender with an attempt to
put pressure on him.
Port 25 is interrupting services and not speading policy or sender
information.

	\Maex

-- 
SpaceNet AG            | Joseph-Dollinger-Bogen 14 | Fon: +49 (89) 32356-0
Research & Development |       D-80807 Muenchen    | Fax: +49 (89) 32356-299
"The security, stability and reliability of a computer system is reciprocally
 proportional to the amount of vacuity between the ears of the admin"

_______________________________________________
Asrg mailing list
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https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg



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> Alan DeKok wrote:
> >  http://www.striker.ottawa.on.ca/~aland/smtp-sucks/problems.txt

I had only a short glance, but

*> 5. Don't allow multiple RCPT TO's for unknown senders.
*>   The problem is that you can't selectively NACK later RCTP TO's.  The
*>   sending MTA then decides that the entire message was NACK'd, and
*>   discards (or retries) it.

If the MTA is behaving that way it is seriously broken. The behaviour
as you describe only happens if you NACK the "DATA" command after the
CRLF.CRLF (RFC 2821 4.2.5 Reply Codes After DATA and the Subsequent
<CRLF>.<CRLF>)

Our mailserver doesn't allow more than 5 RCPT TO per session. The others
are answered with a temp failure (4xx code). This works without any
problems for years.

Btw. I have posted some stats (backed by someone from an university,
sorry forgot about the name) and it showed that more than 95% of all spam
is NOT multi-RCPT. However I can't find it in the archives nor in my
mailbox at the moment :((

    \Maex

-- 
SpaceNet AG            | Joseph-Dollinger-Bogen 14 | Fon: +49 (89) 32356-0
Research & Development |       D-80807 Muenchen    | Fax: +49 (89) 32356-299
"The security, stability and reliability of a computer system is reciprocally
 proportional to the amount of vacuity between the ears of the admin"

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From: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 6. Proposals: MTA MARK vs port 25 filtering?
In-reply-to: <20031217000256.GL51606@Space.Net>
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Markus Stumpf wrote:

> On Sun, Dec 14, 2003 at 03:48:47PM +1100, Brett Watson wrote:
> 
>>Our contributor named "Mark" has been harping on the "presumption of 
>>innocence" principle, but it's precisely the viability of that principle 
>>that's in question here. There is a certain quantity of spam which exists by 
>>abusing the "presumption of innocence", so called. It's a badly 
>>emotionally-laden term, since to advocate the converse is to advocate 
>>"presumption of guilt", and you may as well advocate the strangulation of 
>>small furry animals and children while you're about it. Rather than 
>>"presumption of guilt", we should have "explicitly negotiated access". We 
>>could recommend that port 25 be available (in some cases) only when 
>>explicitly arranged, not on the basis of prior "guilt" or "innocence", but 
>>purely to make accountability explicit.
> 
> 
> Folx, I don't get it ;-)
> 
> If you are running a mailserver (MTA) you are free to block every host
> that you wish. Our mailserver (not for our customers) will not talk to
> about 150 millions of IP addresses on the Internet. This list grows with
> a rate of about 250000 a day. This is my decision as the receiver and
> every receiver is currently free to make that decision.
> 
> So, why do you want to have any transport agents (aka ISPs) install
> filters and remove your ability to make that decision on your own?
> If it's blocked by the transport agency you have no way to reverse that,
> no matter how your decision might be.
> 
> If the port is blocked you get no information on why it is blocked. So
> the theoretical sender is still unknown to you. Maybe the ISP is having
> an issue of some sort and is now blocking the sender with an attempt to
> put pressure on him.
> Port 25 is interrupting services and not speading policy or sender
> information.
> 

It seems to me that there are both sides have presented multiple 
arguments, and no agreement is in sight. There are two questions being 
asked in this and related threads:
1. Is MTA MARK a useful enough proposal to be pursued further IN 
COMBINATION with other anti-spam tools and techniques (including port 
filtering)?
2. Is port filtering, on port 25 especially, should be something that is 
going to be recommended by the ASRG?

Based on the discussions back and forth, it seems to me that the answer 
to the first question is 'YES', and the second question 'NO'. MTA MARK 
provides enough useful benefits for the ones that can use it, in order 
to continue researching it. Port blocking on the other hand seems 
controversial enough, that it should be something best left to each ISP 
to decide. Instead we should recommend that ISPs have a strict AUP and 
actually enforce it.

Yakov

-------
Yakov Shafranovich / asrg <at> shaftek.org
SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc. / research <at> solidmatrix.com
"Be liberal in what you accept, and conservative in what you send" (Jon 
Postel)
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From: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] [1] Why SPAM is worse in SMTP than in other protocols
In-reply-to: <606804805.20031216140057@brandenburg.com>
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Dave Crocker wrote:

> Alan,
> 
> AD>   Even as rough as it is, I feel very positive about it.  It gives a
> AD> number of *concrete* reasons as to why spam is worse in SMTP than in
> AD> any other protocol.  It allows us to classify the anti-spam measures,
> 
> 
>   An exercise like the one you are doing can be very useful.
>   
>   Let me strongly encourage you to re-cast the bulk of your document
>   into non-technical issues, first.  That is, discuss messaging and a
>   human process, without concern for whether it is paper mail, email, or
>   whatever.  As you offer criticisms of the human communication modes
>   available for Internet mail, compare whether they differ from the
>   modes available for other messaging.
> 

Would it be something along the lines of the following?:

---------------
In human communications we have a sender, a receiver, the message and a 
messaging system. The sender creates the message, hands it off to the 
messaging system, and the system delivers it to the receiver.

If the delivery is unsuccessful, depending on the system used, the 
sender is notified of the failure. Different messaging systems can also 
deliver the message to multiple receivers, and combine messages from 
multiple senders into one message before being delivered to receivers.

Examples of messaging systems include: direct speech (face to face), 
telephone, fax, television, radio, email, instant messaging, postal 
mail, telegraph, etc. All of these have potential for abuse which varies 
from system to system.
---------------

>   When you suggest superior modes of operation, discuss them in terms of
>   the human communication first, and the technical aspects second.
> 
>   After we have some consensus about these issues, in terms of human
>   communication, it will then be reasonable to see what changes are
>   needed to the technology.
> 

The underlying problem is a human one and we need to understand it 
before changing the technology. The reasons why spam is being sent, and 
is profitable, are human reasons which need to be addressed.

Yakov

-------
Yakov Shafranovich / asrg <at> shaftek.org
SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc. / research <at> solidmatrix.com
"And this too shall come to pass"
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[changed subject to reflect where this is going]

Hallam-Baker, Phillip wrote:
> [snip history]
> 
> The application to spam is obvious and utterly anti-social. Best thing that
> can happen here is for the patent to kill this obnoxious and clueless
> mechanism. 

The problem with general C/R is that it's trying to achieve two separate
purposes. It's doing return-path verification, and it's doing 
sentient-sender verification. Return-path verification is not inherently 
anti-social, so long as it doesn't necessarily bother the original sender 
(pick your own definition of 'bother'). Sentient-sender verification is 
quite reasonably considered inherently anti-social by some.

Return-path verification definitely has some value, but we need to work out 
a standardized way of doing it. We would never accept that a TCP connection 
is valid after receiving only the SYN packet, so why should we accept it for 
email?
Proposals like CRI could be used to provide end-to-end return-path 
verification by automatically ACKing the challenge, assuming that it only 
asks 'did you send something?', not 'did you, as a sentient being, send 
something?'.

I'm not going to comment on the technical merits of sentient-sender 
verification because it is inherently a social problem that we're not tasked 
to deal with.

Philip Miller


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Subject: Re: [Asrg] 6. Proposals: MTA MARK vs port 25 filtering?
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Hector Santos wrote:
> Philip Miller wrote:
> 
>> POP-before-SMTP was an ugly hack to make up for shortcomings in
>> existing software. Unfortunately, it stuck. It's clearly obsoleted by
>> SMTP AUTH, but there's no compelling reason for users to switch, and
>> thus ISPs have to deal with the inertia of their users. I think we're
>> going to have to live with it for a long time.
> 
> I was resistance to the idea myself until ISPs indicated their side of the
> story.  Easy end-user signs up with little or no instructions.  They were
> right.  Once we added it,  it is now rare for us to be telling our customers
> they need to setup their mail client for SMTP authentication.   Look at how
> the software is written for the end user.  The only easy setup is for POP3
> login.  SMTP authentication requires extra steps and instructions.  It is
> not obvious.

This is a problem of the initial design of SMTP. Initially, SMTP didn't
require authentication, so no one designed it in as an integral part of
client software. POP clearly required authentication, so it was built in,
and clients were forced to include it.
The intelligent thing for a mail client to do is automatically attempt to
AUTH (if it's offered, obviously) and then fall back on POP-before-SMTP.
This is reasonable behavior for the average case of a user who sends and
receives mail through the same ISP account. Users who have a more
complicated configuration would be perfectly able to change this, as it
should be no more than a checkbox. This is probably something we should take
account of in a BCP for mail client authors.

>> However, that does not change the fact that LMAP and user
>> authentication target 2 complentary but separate problems: domain
>> forgery, which prevents holding anyone accountable, and user forgery,
>> which is a nuisance best dealt with by the organization that hosts the
>> user's address, since they are uniquely able to authenticate the user.
> 
> I agree.  My point is only that most systems with ESMTP AUTH use it to trump
> most (if not all) other restrictions, which is mainly routing.  So as long
> as you can login,  it doesn't matter what machine you connect from or what
> address you use for the return path.  In our case, however, we have
> restrictions for the return path in AUTH mode.

OK, I misunderstood you the first time. That's exactly how I have my MTA set up.

> The question is how will LMAP address systems like AOL who are now
> automatically blocking dynamic IP machines at the connection level.

Either their policies will change to accept mail presenting valid LMAP
credentials despite their 'undesireable' IP address, or they won't. AOL has
been off in its own world for a long time, and we're not going to change
that. We should make LMAP as attractive as possible by playing up the
newly-available accountability, maybe pushing for legislation holding
LMAP-authorized MTA administrators responsible for the actions of those servers.

> Does LMAP address IP ranges?

No. It addresses whether a given IP can send mail as a given domain, and
nothing else. If you meant "can a range of IP addresses be listed for a
domain?", I'm not sure, one of us would have to check the current SPF draft.

> Are we ready to say that dynamic IP senders are no longer allowed?

Most of us would say no. AOL management says yes. We've seen that this was
not the decision of their system administrators. Brad Knowles, who was in
charge of their Internet mail gateway system for years, fought this policy
and failed.

> The way I see it from an implementation standpoint, LMAP can only be used
> for a "accept" logic.  It can't be used to reject for lack of a LMAP based
> information.

Eventually, the intent is that it would. Mail from a domain that doesn't
publish LMAP information could be treated as mail from an open relay.
There's no accountability at all beyond having the IP address the connection
was made from, which is exactly as much information as we have about
open-relayed mail now.

>         LMAP           AUTH
>          0               0         Low trust
>          1               0         X trust
>          0               1         Y trust
>          1               1         Z trust
> 
> Z is great,  Y is still better than X.   With just X,  we are still
> scratching our heads which is the point you are making I believe.   What I
> am saying, you don't need X if you have Y and I sincerely doubt systems are
> going to remove this logic to programmatically require X before you can have
> Y.    As long as you have Y (AUTH), you are in.   In short, Trust Z  >=
> Trust Y.    With no X,   Z=Y.

OK, you point is clearer now. However LMAP is implemented in recipient MTAs, 
authors would have to be sure not to preclude AUTHing.

Philip Miller


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Subject: [Asrg] Re: 6. Proposals - C/R and CRI
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Philip Miller wrote:
> [changed subject to reflect where this is going]
> 
> Hallam-Baker, Phillip wrote:
> 
>> [snip history]
>>
>> The application to spam is obvious and utterly anti-social. Best thing 
>> that
>> can happen here is for the patent to kill this obnoxious and clueless
>> mechanism. 
> 
> 
> The problem with general C/R is that it's trying to achieve two separate
> purposes. It's doing return-path verification, and it's doing 
> sentient-sender verification. Return-path verification is not inherently 
> anti-social, so long as it doesn't necessarily bother the original 
> sender (pick your own definition of 'bother'). Sentient-sender 
> verification is quite reasonably considered inherently anti-social by some.
> 
> Return-path verification definitely has some value, but we need to work 
> out a standardized way of doing it. We would never accept that a TCP 
> connection is valid after receiving only the SYN packet, so why should 
> we accept it for email?
> Proposals like CRI could be used to provide end-to-end return-path 
> verification by automatically ACKing the challenge, assuming that it 
> only asks 'did you send something?', not 'did you, as a sentient being, 
> send something?'.
> 
> I'm not going to comment on the technical merits of sentient-sender 
> verification because it is inherently a social problem that we're not 
> tasked to deal with.
> 

There is also concern with C/R about doing it inband such as via email 
headers in CRI. Something out of band, such as a CRI ESMTP extension, 
would be much more useful and less intrusive to users. Of course 
dictionary attacks become easier with that unless some kind of a token 
is send with the message initially.

Yakov

-------
Yakov Shafranovich / asrg <at> shaftek.org
SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc. / research <at> solidmatrix.com
"I ate your Web page. / Forgive me. It was juicy / And tart on my 
tongue." (MIT's 404 Message)
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As of Monday, 12/15, IETF has deployed SpamAssasin on all IETF mail and 
mailing lists. At this time only headers are being added, and no 
filtering is done (yet). The original announcement is here:

http://www1.ietf.org/mail-archive/ietf-announce/Current/msg27683.html

NOTE: Since the ASRG is exempt from all anti-spam controls at the IETF, 
this list will also be excluded from this policy eventually, so do not 
rely on the headers being there tomorrow. This is mainly to let you know 
in case you see them.

Yakov
-------
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smallest" (Jean de la Fontaine)
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On Dec 16, 2003, at 14:21, Alan DeKok wrote:
>   Even as rough as it is, I feel very positive about it.  It gives a
> number of *concrete* reasons as to why spam is worse in SMTP than in
> any other protocol.  It allows us to classify the anti-spam measures,
> and see which part of spam they fight.

Here's another one:

SMTP requires resources which cost money, yet an unlimited number of 
unauthenticated users are allowed to consume those resources as much as 
they like, at no financial cost to them.

That's a big human problem. I can't think of any system with that 
problem that has worked in the real world.


mathew
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On Tue, 16 Dec 2003 21:25:26 -0500 
mathew  <meta@pobox.com> wrote:

> SMTP requires resources which cost money, yet an unlimited number of
> unauthenticated users are allowed to consume those resources as much
> as they like, at no financial cost to them.

> That's a big human problem. I can't think of any system with that
> problem that has worked in the real world.

Just to catechise it, this is normally known as a Tragedy of the
Commons.

-- 
J C Lawrence
---------(*)                Satan, oscillate my metallic sonatas.
claw@kanga.nu               He lived as a devil, eh?
http://www.kanga.nu/~claw/  Evil is a name of a foeman, as I live.

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On Nov 26, 2003, at 9:15, Jon Kyme wrote:
> it's worth noting some of the likely constraints:
> The label should be short
> The label should be near (at) the start of the subject
> The label shouldn't be utterly opaque to the non-technical reader.
> The established use of the Subject should be preserved.

Sorry I'm really late on this... but I've always thought that the whole 
"ADV" in the subject line thing was a really bad idea. It invites 
sloppy implementation, leading to all kinds of legitimate subject lines 
suddenly and mysteriously getting bounced.  e.g. "[sec-adv] Security 
advisory"(*), "Interactive fiction sources ColossalCave.adv", ...

I think any kind of "ADV" flag belongs in a header defined for the 
purpose, so it won't collide with existing use of the subject line no 
matter how inevitably poorly client developers implement filtering. If 
the law allows that the flag be in a new header, I'd favor running with 
that approach.


mathew
[ (*) real tag used by a real mailing list ]
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] 1. Inventory of Problems - SMTP
To: "Markus Stumpf"  <maex-lists-spam-ietf-asrg@Space.Net>
From: "Jon Kyme" <jrk@merseymail.com>
Cc: "ASRG" <asrg@ietf.org>
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>
>*> 5. Don't allow multiple RCPT TO's for unknown senders.
>*>   The problem is that you can't selectively NACK later RCTP TO's.  The
>*>   sending MTA then decides that the entire message was NACK'd, and
>*>   discards (or retries) it.
>
>If the MTA is behaving that way it is seriously broken. The behaviour
>as you describe only happens if you NACK the "DATA" command after the
>CRLF.CRLF (RFC 2821 4.2.5 Reply Codes After DATA and the Subsequent
><CRLF>.<CRLF>)
>

RFC821 was broken on this point I think? A 552 is suggested for too many
recipients, but this would imply a permanent failure for the message? I
guess that this might account for some interoperability issues :-)

>Our mailserver doesn't allow more than 5 RCPT TO per session. The others
>are answered with a temp failure (4xx code). This works without any
>problems for years.
>

Of course, but this policy violates RFCs - what happened to the 100 RCPT
requirement? I'd be happy to see this kind of behavior written up in some
way - revising rfc2821. There's a whole lot of things that work better if
this requirement can be ignored.





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Subject: Re: [Asrg] 6. Proposals - Legal - Subject labelling (?) 
To: "ASRG" <asrg@ietf.org>
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> > it's worth noting some of the likely constraints:
> > The label should be short
> > The label should be near (at) the start of the subject
> > The label shouldn't be utterly opaque to the non-technical reader.
> > The established use of the Subject should be preserved.
> 
> 
> Sorry I'm really late on this... but I've always thought that the whole 
> "ADV" in the subject line thing was a really bad idea. It invites 
> sloppy implementation, leading to all kinds of legitimate subject lines 
> suddenly and mysteriously getting bounced.  e.g. "[sec-adv] Security 
> advisory"(*), "Interactive fiction sources ColossalCave.adv", ...
> 
> I think any kind of "ADV" flag belongs in a header defined for the 
> purpose, so it won't collide with existing use of the subject line no 
> matter how inevitably poorly client developers implement filtering. If 
> the law allows that the flag be in a new header, I'd favor running with 
> that approach.
> 

Gosh, you must have been thinking about this really long and hard :-)
The problem is that some *legislators* are moving towards requiring that
Email marketing messages be clearly labelled as such. "Clearly" is either
going to require a rewrite of all MUAs so that our new header is displayed
by default, or it's going to be a requirement that the label is in one of
the currently commonly displayed headers. *Subject* is an obvious place for
such a label since this field is already widely used to give a brief
summary of the content of the message.

Given that subject labelling may be a (for some) a *legal* requirement. It
might not be a bad idea to standardise a mechanism for doing it, EVEN
THOUGH we don't like it. So as to reduce the risks of "sloppy
implementation" and accidental collisions that you correctly identify.

On a related point: I'm in favour of safety standards for bungee-jump
operators, since even tho' I intend never to be a customer, I may walk
under one.


 




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From: Dave Crocker <dhc@dcrocker.net>
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To: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>
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Yakov,

>>   Let me strongly encourage you to re-cast the bulk of your document
>>   into non-technical issues, first.

YS> Would it be something along the lines of the following?:

That's a good start, for setting up the important statements.  The next
set of statements should talk about how all this is used by people.  For
example, when are senders required to formally sign their messages?
What kind of signature?  (For example, there is a big difference between
having it notarized, versus not.)





d/
--
 Dave Crocker <dcrocker-at-brandenburg-dot-com>
 Brandenburg InternetWorking <www.brandenburg.com>
 Sunnyvale, CA  USA <tel:+1.408.246.8253>


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Subject: Re: [Asrg] 1. Inventory of Problems - SMTP
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On Wed, Dec 17, 2003 at 09:26:32AM +0000, Jon Kyme wrote:
> Of course, but this policy violates RFCs - what happened to the 100 RCPT
> requirement? I'd be happy to see this kind of behavior written up in some
> way - revising rfc2821. There's a whole lot of things that work better if
> this requirement can be ignored.

Depends on how you see it. According to RFC 2821
------------------------------------------------------------------------
7.7 Scope of Operation of SMTP Servers
   It is a well-established principle that an SMTP server may refuse to
   accept mail for any operational or technical reason that makes sense
   to the site providing the server.  However, cooperation among sites
   and installations makes the Internet possible.  If sites take
   excessive advantage of the right to reject traffic, the ubiquity of
   email availability (one of the strengths of the Internet) will be
   threatened; considerable care should be taken and balance maintained
   if a site decides to be selective about the traffic it will accept
   and process.
------------------------------------------------------------------------

We have operational and technical reasons to act as we do and to
override the 100 RCPT limit imposed by the RFC.
From our observations the only impact on the Internet mail system
is that bulk senders need more circles to get their messages through
so we think we have taken considerable care and still maintained the
balance.
From yesterdays logfile on a machine without the limits (only
connections from external hosts):

count no of rcptto per connection

   1 58
   1 32
   1 28
   1 27
   2 26
   1 25
   1 24
   2 23
  35 20
  12 19
  10 18
   5 17
  20 16
  35 15
  26 14
  17 13
  34 12
  44 11
 208 10
 155 9
 186 8
 199 7
 333 6
 460 5
 673 4
1369 3
5241 2
134885 1

This means e.g. that we had  5241  connections sending 2 rcptto during
one connection and we had 1369 connections sending 3 rcptto during one
connection.

We had 143957 connections in total.
93% of all connections sent only one RCPT TO
Allowing up to 5 RCPT TO per connection makes up for 99.076% of all
connections.

The host with 58 rcptto in one connection was definitely legal email.
It looks like MX sorting and maybe a SMTP MTA on a dialup line, as there
were about 20 different envelope senders (small company sending email to
field staff; we're running the Mailboxes for some of their field staff).

However the next hosts in the "hit list":

32 unknown:216.244.148.251			dictionary spam
28 unknown:218.28.13.138			dictionary spam
27 unknown:211.224.65.91			dictionary spam
26 cmb8-162.dial-up.arnes.si:194.249.38.162	dictionary spam
26 216.93.176.221:216.93.176.221		dictionary spam
25 67-23-157-81.chvlva.adelphia.net:67.23.157.81 dictionary spam
24 unknown:212.6.96.162				dictionary spam
23 unknown:203.82.168.133			dictionary spam
23 unknown:81.195.151.34			dictionary spam

	\Maex

-- 
SpaceNet AG            | Joseph-Dollinger-Bogen 14 | Fon: +49 (89) 32356-0
Research & Development |       D-80807 Muenchen    | Fax: +49 (89) 32356-299
"The security, stability and reliability of a computer system is reciprocally
 proportional to the amount of vacuity between the ears of the admin"

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> 
> First of all, there are two separate but not disjoint cases of forwarding 
> that could occur in a messages transmission path:
> 1. A Message Originator relays its mail through a third party host
> 2. A Message Recipient has mail delivered to a designated host, which then 
> passes it along.
> 
> The second case is easy to solve. Rewriting the message envelope in this 
> case is undesireable, because it would mean that if delivery failed, a 
> notification could not be returned to the sender. However, rewriting isn't 
> necessary in this case, because the recipient knows who's relaying their 
> mail and can make provisions to accept all mail from the designated 
> recipient.

Assuming that the recipient has that level of control.  I suspect that's
a minority situation.


> My recommendation for how this case should be handled is as follows. This 
> scenario should be added in some form to LMAP:
> 1. lmap-mta is authorized to send mail for sender.com
> 2. lmap-mta is connected to the internet via a random ISP, isp.com
> 3. lmap-mta is forced to relay mail through smtp.isp.com (outside policy, 
> port 25 block, MTA-Mark)

  [etc, no need to repeat it all I think]

> 
> The missing link in this scenario is the standardized encoding for the 
> return-path within a return-path.

Others have mentioned ENVID.  I suppose that's promising, but one
would have to consider the potential for abuse there.  Is it possible
to forge the return-path-within-return-path (envid or otherwise)?
With ENVID, the server owning the ID has to either keep some history,
or has to use an algorithm whereby envids can be verified.  The first
seems to require more implementation/deployment impact than we're
allowed to consider; the second would seem to provide an abuse path.

OTOH I may simply be confused.

mm

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In-Reply-To: Your message of "Wed, 17 Dec 2003 00:27:06 +0100."
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  I think this will be my last message in this thread, because it's
clear that we're still talking at cross purposes.

Markus Stumpf <maex-lists-spam-ietf-asrg@Space.Net> wrote:
> Our customers are responsible for the traffic they generate. Who says
> they aren't?

  You do.  Without the existence of MTAMark or LMAP, there is no way
for a recipient of traffic from your network to determine that both
you and your users are accepting responsibility.

  To repeat what I've said multiple times already: To the recipient,
your users are indistinguishable from spammers, unless they accept
responsibility for their actions in ways that spammers do not.
e.g. MTAmark, or LMAP.

  In other words, if a machine on your network is "owned", and sending
spam, I would prefer your intentions to be published BEFORE the fact,
rather than after.  Otherwise, I will waste my resources dealing with
the spam attack from your network.  I will waste my time tracking down
contact information from you, and then waiting for a possible
response.  I may even end up blocking legitimate email from you,
because it's too hard for me to tell the difference between that
legitimate email, and the messages from an "owned" machine.

  If you published MTAMark or LMAP information *before* the attack
occured, then I could *automate* my blocking of the spam attack, and
*automate* my notification to your contact address.  You get the
notifications more quickly, and I spend a lot less time dealing with
the problem.  It's that easy.  Everyone wins.

  Blocking outbound port 25 from your network for non-MTA's is even
better (from my perspective), because then I don't have to do
*anything* to deal with the attack.  You take care of it yourself,
without any involvement from me.

> And customers that abuse our AUP or have 0wned hosts not only get
> port 25 blocked but they get pulled the plug.

 To repeat again and again: How do I know?  Making those statements in
a mailing list is useless.  You need to make them in a way that MTA's
can discover and use.  That's my entire reason for having this
discussion.

> Where's the problem?
> /You/ (and that's the analogy here) are free to block all connections to
> /your/ SMTP port and only allow a whitelist through.

  Without your help, that becomes significantly more difficult for me
to do.  With your help, it becomes almost trivial.  So if both of us
help each other, then the work that each of us has to do will drop.

> If we get a complaint we analyze it, and if there is evident of abuse
> we do not filter the customer, we pull the plug and terminate the contract.

  Let me repeat until my fingers bleed: This is a post-facto,
band-aid "solution".  You're talking about *intentionally* allowing
abuse of the network, because you know that you will stop it after it
happens.

  I don't know that.  And I don't see why I should suffer because of
your delay between being informed of the abuse, and in stopping the
abusive behaviour.  I don't see why I should suffer because some user
in your system screwed up.

  It's like saying you don't need to keep your rabid dogs tied up,
because a rabies treatment exists.  And insurance will cover any
personal injury I might have from them attacking me.  So it's
perfectly OK for you to let them run wild.  Any attack I suffer can be
dealt with, and you can always pull the dogs off of me...

  It's ridiculous.


  In the real world, people are forced to accept responsibility
*before* bad things happen.  People are forced to change their
behaviour, and to restrict their actions, to *prevent* bad things from
happening.  That's life, and I don't see why it's so hard to apply
that attitude towards the net.

> The section clearly makes a differentiation because there is
>    MUA <-> MTA <-- smtp --> MTA <-> MUA
> and not
>    MUA <-- smtp --> MUA
> and that's why according to that RFC SMTP is not an end-to-end mechanism.
> The RFC does not say anything about companies, users or hosts as end-to-end
> partners. Is only says that it is not a MUA <> MUA protocol.

  It's not a MUA to MTA protocol.  So why would people not block
ougoing port 25 from dial-up networks, where no MTA's can exist?  The
only MTA those users should be connecting to is yours, right?

> And SMTP is without any doubt an end-to-end mechanism for most SMTP servers

  Nonsense.  The "end to end" principle is about users, not servers.

> and without any doubt a large number of companies and organizations that
> are customers of ISPs, run their own SMTP speaking MTA in an end-to-end way.
> And that is what you want to abolish.

  WTF?  Are you on crack?  That's nonsense.

  Thanks for that last sentence.  You've made it perfectly clear to
mea that you can't understand what I'm saying, and that I'm wasting my
time trying to explain my position to you.

  Alan DeKok.

_______________________________________________
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From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@ox.org>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 6. Proposals: MTA MARK vs port 25 filtering? 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Tue, 16 Dec 2003 19:25:23 EST."
             <3FDFA273.1080703@solidmatrix.com> 
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Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com> wrote:
> 1. Is MTA MARK a useful enough proposal to be pursued further IN 
> COMBINATION with other anti-spam tools and techniques (including port 
> filtering)?

  Yes.

> 2. Is port filtering, on port 25 especially, should be something that is 
> going to be recommended by the ASRG?

  No.

  It's something we should describe as an option.  We should describe
it's benefits, and it's limitations.  We should put a big "use at your
own risk" warning label on it.  We should also say that ISP's MUST
tell their users that they do this, to enable informed consent.

  For ISP's who know (AUP, etc.) that certain IP ranges will never
have an MTA sending mail, filtering outbound port 25 may be
beneficial.  For other situations, it may cause more problems than it
solves.

> Port blocking on the other hand seems controversial enough, that it
> should be something best left to each ISP to decide. Instead we
> should recommend that ISPs have a strict AUP and actually enforce
> it.

  I would like to enforce the ISP's AUP, too.  The ISP should
therefore publish it in a manner in which I can parse: MTAMark, LMAP,
etc.  My problem with these "solutions" is that they're post-facto,
and still permit the AUP to be violated.  Blocking port 25 is
appealing, because it prevents AUP violations.  But it's a very
dangerous practice, from a number of perspectives.

  Alan DeKok.

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From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@ox.org>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] [1] Why SPAM is worse in SMTP than in other protocols 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Tue, 16 Dec 2003 14:00:57 PST."
             <606804805.20031216140057@brandenburg.com> 
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Dave Crocker <dcrocker@brandenburg.com> wrote:
>   An exercise like the one you are doing can be very useful.

  I also have planned another document, which discusses which
protocols are used in what situations to send email.  It will point
out which use models, and which fields of which protocols, are being
abused to send spam.

>   Let me strongly encourage you to re-cast the bulk of your document
>   into non-technical issues, first.

  I'm not sure why.  The intent of the document is clear: To compare
and contrast SMTP to other protocols, and to explain why and how
technical features in SMTP are being abused to send spam.

  The only non-technical issue I can see being relevant is that any
proposed changes to the use or deployment of SMTP should minimally
affect the way users currently send messages.  This issue can be dealt
with, without getting into any details of human communication modes.

> That is, discuss messaging and a
>   human process, without concern for whether it is paper mail, email, or
>   whatever.  As you offer criticisms of the human communication modes
>   available for Internet mail, compare whether they differ from the
>   modes available for other messaging.

  I honestly don't see why.  The intent of the document is to describe
what's wrong with SMTP today, not to describe why or how people use
SMTP to send messages.  End-user human communication modes are not
relevant when discussing protocol flaws in SMTP, between MTA's.

>   After we have some consensus about these issues, in terms of human
>   communication, it will then be reasonable to see what changes are
>   needed to the technology.

  The discussion of human intentions and beliefs about which processes
*should* be used to send email is a topic which has spawned countless
flamewars on this list.  After being burned a number of times, I would
prefer to avoid those issues.  If you (or anyone else) writes such a
document, I'm willing to read it.  But I can't contribute to one.


  By focussing on technical issues, I can avoid these human issues, so
long as I ensure that any technical recommendations do not affect
current use patterns or beliefs about email properties (whatever those
are.)

  The only other reason I can see to discuss human communication modes
and intentions is to see if the design of SMTP fulfills our goals for
human communication.  Since SMTP has been around for 2 decades, it's a
little late to have that discussion.

  A discussion of human communication modes is best suited for a
document which describes the requirements for a protocol to replace
SMTP.  In that context, it's benefical to define our human
requirements and goals; along with the technical limitations of SMTP.
This will let us be sure that we don't make the same mistakes again.

  But I do not propose replacing SMTP.

  Alan DeKok.

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From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@ox.org>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] [1] Why SPAM is worse in SMTP than in other protocols 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Tue, 16 Dec 2003 19:48:28 EST."
             <3FDFA7DC.8050004@solidmatrix.com> 
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Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com> wrote:
> Examples of messaging systems include: direct speech (face to face), 
> telephone, fax, television, radio, email, instant messaging, postal 
> mail, telegraph, etc. All of these have potential for abuse which varies 
> from system to system.

  ... and some have technical design flaws which enable more abusive
behaviour than in other protocols.

  It is clearly within the charter of this group to discuss the design
flaws of SMTP.  Other messaging systems are relevant only so far as
they do not have the same design flaws.

  It is clearly within the charter of this group to discuss which
characteristics of SMTP are being abused by spammers, and how to
address those characteristics to prevent abuse.  Other messaging
systems are not relevant for that discussion.

> The underlying problem is a human one and we need to understand it 
> before changing the technology. The reasons why spam is being sent, and 
> is profitable, are human reasons which need to be addressed.

  The psychology of criminals is a complicated topic, with centuries
of research and discussion behind it.  The final conclusion after that
time is that the best way to deal with criminals is to catch them.
Their reasons for being criminals are not relevant to that process.
Even worse, their reasons for being criminals largely amount to
"because I want to".  There's little anyone can do to address that
problem, either, except by catching and punishing them.

  In the terms of pharmacology, spam is a problem for which treatment
is "symptomatic".  The causes don't matter.  Once the symptoms are
treated, the problem will be solved.

  Alan DeKok.

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To: Alan DeKok <aland@ox.org>
Cc: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 6. Proposals: MTA MARK vs port 25 filtering?
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On Wed, Dec 17, 2003 at 12:43:58PM -0500, Alan DeKok wrote:
>   You do.  Without the existence of MTAMark or LMAP, there is no way
> for a recipient of traffic from your network to determine that both
> you and your users are accepting responsibility.

And even with the existance of MTAMark or LMAP this is impossible.
So I go ahead and set the "I am responsible" flag (even simpler with
LMAP) and go ahead and spam you to ashes.
I lied ... oh my god, so what? You're in Canada (I assume from the whois
for ox.org) and I am in Germany. What do I care.
And what do courts care? There are no laws that say you have to publish
that information and that you may not lie about that information. And
then there is the standard excuse that currently works for everything
related to computers: I am sorry, it was not on purpose, it was a
misconfiguration.
I own the domain "magazin.de" and about 3-4 years ago I was flooded
with 100 of bounces because of a mailing with a sender address
    meingeld@magazin.de
I was told this was an "accident" done by a temporary employee of the
owner of the domain
    meingeld-magazin.de
and when I tried to sue him all I got were fits of laughter, because
the accountable damage caused where some 10 bucks (btw I get spam to
the address meingeld@magazin.de since then).
Ok, this could have been prevented by LMAP. But is also shows there is
no big willingness from the side of the jurisdiction if it can be
explained as a mistake.

So what did you win? Nothing. You will start to add blocks like "trust
the information provided by x and don't trust the information provided by y".
Big deal and big difference to current practise.
The good guys that publish the correct information are still good guys
that don't spam and the bad guys that publish that information are still
bad guys that lie and spam. And you will still only know after looking
at the message.
LMAP and MTAmark will prevent that ressources under my control (hosts,
ip addresses, domains) will be as easily abused by others as it is
possible know, as I have the chance to say "don't accept that" but it
also has the advantage that the receiver may decide what to do.
With a block on port 25 set by a transport agency (ISP) the receiver has
lost the possibility to decide.

>   To repeat what I've said multiple times already: To the recipient,
> your users are indistinguishable from spammers, unless they accept
> responsibility for their actions in ways that spammers do not.
> e.g. MTAmark, or LMAP.

And even with MTAmark or LMAP it doesn't change a thing. I did write the
MTAmark draft. You cannot trust a MTA=yes. It still may be a lie and it
will if it comes handy to the one sitting at that IP to lie at you.
The only real advantage is a MTA=no as it will make it harder for virus
writers or crackers to (ab)use that host to directly send to you.
That's all.

And my arguments in this thread weren't against LMAP oder MTAmark but
against blocks on port 25 outgoing.

>   If you published MTAMark or LMAP information *before* the attack
> occured, then I could *automate* my blocking of the spam attack, and
> *automate* my notification to your contact address.  You get the
> notifications more quickly, and I spend a lot less time dealing with
> the problem.  It's that easy.  Everyone wins.

That was my point when I wrote the MTAmark draft.

> > And customers that abuse our AUP or have 0wned hosts not only get
> > port 25 blocked but they get pulled the plug.
> 
>  To repeat again and again: How do I know?  Making those statements in
> a mailing list is useless.  You need to make them in a way that MTA's
> can discover and use.  That's my entire reason for having this
> discussion.

To publish that kind of information needs a lot more than LMAP or MTAmark.
It would require a system like P3P (http://www.w3c.org/P3P/). And still
there is the problem about trust and responsibility.
If spammers need to lie and abuse this information they will.
    "But you promised ..."
    "I know ..."
    "But you promised!!"
    "So what? go away"."

Just like if bad guys lie at you with P3P they can do.
A quote I saved a long time ago expresses this very good:
    |> ... Is this legal? ... 
    It is not "legal", but the network police will not read you
    your rights and drag you away. It will work fine, as long as ... 

>   In the real world, people are forced to accept responsibility
> *before* bad things happen.  People are forced to change their
> behaviour, and to restrict their actions, to *prevent* bad things from
> happening.  That's life, and I don't see why it's so hard to apply
> that attitude towards the net.

Exactly, they are /forced/, because it will not work on a voluntary basis.
An ISP /starting/ to block port 25 outgoing will have a lot more costs
maintaining the ACLs and will have less contracts as people will go to
one that doesn't have them. Blocking port 25 outgoing is not restricting
others from sending in, but your customers from sending out. So they
gain nothing, but in /their feeling/ they get their freedom restricted.
In a world were customers decide which ISP to use on basis of the
difference of cents in flatrates you will be a good ISP for some weeks
and then you will be a dead ISP.
Would /you/ change your ISP and pay more money because the new one is
a noble one that is caring for the net and is blocking port 25 outgoing,
while you current cheaper ISP is not? Would you?
How many would change to another ISP that is not blocking port 25 outgoing
and that may be cheaper because of this?
Would blocking port 25 outgoing be a criteria for choosing one ISP over
the other for a CEO? If the fees are identically? Would it be a
criteria pro or contra the blocking ISP?

We've terminated contracts with customers because of spamming and with
the last one we've lost a value of about a monthly salary of one employee.
For an ISP with about 50 employees that's a lot of money. Now we can
feel really noble. And our ex-customer is now with a competitor that
gives a shit and is happily spamming on. As the competitor is fairly
large we can't block the mailserver as other emails in the B2B area
would also be affected. Court decision in Germany is that commercial
email (even unsolicited) to commercial email addresses has to be
tolerated in general. The only way to stop it is that each of our
customers is telling the spammer to stop sending them email.
It's easy to demand such useless actions (in terms of the overall result)
from the outside, but it may be your economical death if you're too noble.
Sometimes, at night, before sleep, it makes me wonder if nobleness isn't
only good for stupid idiots and unacceptable if you have to run a business.

>   It's not a MUA to MTA protocol.  So why would people not block
> ougoing port 25 from dial-up networks, where no MTA's can exist?  The
> only MTA those users should be connecting to is yours, right?

No.
How about field staff using SMTP AUTH to connect to their company's
mailserver from dialins? Their MUA will talk SMTP and use port 25
outgoing. Hundreds of small companies sit behind ADSL/SDSL lines.
They use DYNDNS and they run well configured and maintained MTAs.
I don't know if you'll call this a "dial-up network" but typically on
the same network there also live home users with on demand DSL
connections that are not running their computer 7x24.
Typical dialin customers use the ISPs MTA as a relay anyway, as they pay
per timeframe and trying to deliver email directly is cost intensive
and in case of temporarily unreachable destination MTAs it is highly
ineffective. But nevertheless there are MTAs behind dialin connections
retrieving messages via authenticated ETRN and spooling messages they
received from the otherwise unconnected small company intranet they act
as a gateway for. Probably not exactly the kind of MTA you were thinking
of, but nevertheless legal, existing and useful MTAs.

> > And SMTP is without any doubt an end-to-end mechanism for most SMTP servers
> 
>   Nonsense.  The "end to end" principle is about users, not servers.

Nonsense. The "end to end" principle is about end-to-end. Whether the
end is a user depends on the protocol you apply the principle to.

> > and without any doubt a large number of companies and organizations that
> > are customers of ISPs, run their own SMTP speaking MTA in an end-to-end way.
> > And that is what you want to abolish.
> 
>   WTF?  Are you on crack?  That's nonsense.
> 
>   Thanks for that last sentence.  You've made it perfectly clear to
> mea that you can't understand what I'm saying, and that I'm wasting my
> time trying to explain my position to you.

I think I understand pretty well what you are saying - most of the time.
But I think your position is rather short sighted and limited.

	\Maex

-- 
SpaceNet AG            | Joseph-Dollinger-Bogen 14 | Fon: +49 (89) 32356-0
Research & Development |       D-80807 Muenchen    | Fax: +49 (89) 32356-299
"The security, stability and reliability of a computer system is reciprocally
 proportional to the amount of vacuity between the ears of the admin"

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From: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] [1] Why SPAM is worse in SMTP than in other protocols
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Alan DeKok wrote:
> Dave Crocker <dcrocker@brandenburg.com> wrote:
> 
>>  After we have some consensus about these issues, in terms of human
>>  communication, it will then be reasonable to see what changes are
>>  needed to the technology.
> 
> 
>   The discussion of human intentions and beliefs about which processes
> *should* be used to send email is a topic which has spawned countless
> flamewars on this list.  After being burned a number of times, I would
> prefer to avoid those issues.  If you (or anyone else) writes such a
> document, I'm willing to read it.  But I can't contribute to one.
> 

I will be willing to write up such document.

Yakov
-------
Yakov Shafranovich / asrg <at> shaftek.org
SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc. / research <at> solidmatrix.com
"Among all our enemies / The ones to be most feared are often the 
smallest" (Jean de la Fontaine)
-------


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From: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] [1] Why SPAM is worse in SMTP than in other protocols
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Alan DeKok wrote:
> Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com> wrote:
> 
>>Examples of messaging systems include: direct speech (face to face), 
>>telephone, fax, television, radio, email, instant messaging, postal 
>>mail, telegraph, etc. All of these have potential for abuse which varies 
>>from system to system.
> 
> 
>   ... and some have technical design flaws which enable more abusive
> behaviour than in other protocols.
> 
>   It is clearly within the charter of this group to discuss the design
> flaws of SMTP.  Other messaging systems are relevant only so far as
> they do not have the same design flaws.
> 
 >   It is clearly within the charter of this group to discuss which
 > characteristics of SMTP are being abused by spammers, and how to
 > address those characteristics to prevent abuse.  Other messaging
 > systems are not relevant for that discussion.
 >
 >

I believe that the intent here is to compare other messaging system to 
SMTP in regards to the design flaws and abusive behavior possible, and 
how other messaging systems have dealt with these problems, in order to 
see whether similar approaches can be used for SMTP.

For example, in the telephone network, every phone call is much more 
easily traced than emails, and people cannot "0wn" or "hack" your phone 
in order to send phone spam (well not yet anyway, think VoIP and ENUM). 
These force marketers to use specific methods, which in turn reduce the 
amount of junk phone calls. The same analogy can be applied to email - 
if email is more traceable, and less hackable, then spammers are forced 
to use other ways. While the methods to achieve the same effect vary, 
the end goals do not.

Therefore, a comparison to other messaging system can provide us with a 
set of features present in those systems, which accomplish the same goal 
of reducing abusive behavior. Then we can see which of these features 
can be added to email as well, if possible.

However, for this specific document, the comparison with other systems 
should be as only go as far, as determining which other systems have 
similar flaws and which do not, in order to be able to do the analysis 
later.

>>The underlying problem is a human one and we need to understand it 
>>before changing the technology. The reasons why spam is being sent, and 
>>is profitable, are human reasons which need to be addressed.
> 
> 
>   The psychology of criminals is a complicated topic, with centuries
> of research and discussion behind it.  The final conclusion after that
> time is that the best way to deal with criminals is to catch them.
> Their reasons for being criminals are not relevant to that process.
> Even worse, their reasons for being criminals largely amount to
> "because I want to".  There's little anyone can do to address that
> problem, either, except by catching and punishing them.
> 
>   In the terms of pharmacology, spam is a problem for which treatment
> is "symptomatic".  The causes don't matter.  Once the symptoms are
> treated, the problem will be solved.
>

Ok, I will agree, but I still think this issue is relevant in a slightly 
different light. Let me give you an example: most spammers send spam 
because they make money. Some spammers send spam for revenge ("joe 
jobs"). Yet some look for time machines and send chain letters. Now 
given these categories, which ones do we really care about? Probably 
only the first one or maybe two. The third one is so small, that there 
is no reason to address it. Therefore, given a proposal that addresses 
the third one, we probably would not bother researching it, since the 
benefits are negligable.

Given only the technical design flaws in the protocol, will not provide 
us with a determination of whether specific flaws are significant enough 
to be pursued. What we should do, is once we have determined what the 
flaws are, then analyze which of them are more significant then others, 
in order to best concentrate our efforts.

However, your specific document is only for listing the design flaws. 
The analysis and determination of which flaws are significant is 
something to be left for the future.

Yakov

-------
Yakov Shafranovich / asrg <at> shaftek.org
SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc. / research <at> solidmatrix.com
"Power tends to corrupt, and absolute power corrupts absolutely" (Lord 
Acton)
-------


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On Wed, Dec 10, 2003 at 05:05:07PM -0800, Mark Baugher wrote:
> It would not verify if the signature design was secure.  That is,
> one should not sign a piece of the message that could be cut and
> pasted in this way.  I have not seen anything about the signing
> proposal to suggest that they were doing this or even signing SMTP
> trace record.
> 
> So yes, the problem you describe is a problem that's caused by a
> poor signature design.

The problem is that I yet have to see a signature design that will work
and that will not be broken by a sufficiently large number of mailservers/
features out there.

> What gets signed is an open question.  This does not strike me as
> an insurmountable problem.

:-) IMHO exactly this is the problem that hasn't been solved yet.

> I think of each message sent as a separate mail transaction that will
> have a separate signature applied by the mail submission agent.

What is the advantage then?
I know who I am talking to directly. So the sending MTA doesn't need the
hassle to sign the message. The MTAs could simply use TLS or a key
exchange. The advantage of the signing is that I - as the receiver -
can validate the signing of the original sender or - that would be fine -
of all intermediate hosts.
Other than that it's pretty worthless, IMHO.

	\Maex

-- 
SpaceNet AG            | Joseph-Dollinger-Bogen 14 | Fon: +49 (89) 32356-0
Research & Development |       D-80807 Muenchen    | Fax: +49 (89) 32356-299
"The security, stability and reliability of a computer system is reciprocally
 proportional to the amount of vacuity between the ears of the admin"

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In response to Dave Crocker's invitation to examine human communication in the context of understanding spam, Yakov wrote

"In human communications we have a sender, a receiver, the message and a 
messaging system. The sender creates the message, hands it off to the 
messaging system, and the system delivers it to the receiver.If the delivery is unsuccessful, depending on the system used, the 
sender is notified of the failure. Different messaging systems can also 
deliver the message to multiple receivers, and combine messages from 
multiple senders into one message before being delivered to receivers.
Examples of messaging systems include: direct speech (face to face), 
telephone, fax, television, radio, email, instant messaging, postal 
mail, telegraph, etc. All of these have potential for abuse which varies 
from system to system."

Let's add another distinction which might be useful in examining this (traditionally the difference between broadcast or one-way media and communicative or two-way media). This starts then to get to intention, so following on from Yakov's comments:

Sometimes the sender intends to engage in a dialogue with the recipients, or request information from them. In such cases the sender has an intent to receive a reply. In other cases, the sender merely wishes to disseminate information. In this case a reply may be totally unwanted - the intention is for the message to initiate some action or increased knowledge on the part of the recipient. An advertisement in print or broadcast media is a case in point here. So is the bosses "Message to all staff".  However two-way communications media such as fax, phone and email can also be used with varying degrees of effect to broadcast messages (junk fax, telemarketing, spam) etc.

Hope that adds to our understanding.

Ian Peter

                                                                      

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From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@ox.org>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] [1] Why SPAM is worse in SMTP than in other protocols 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Wed, 17 Dec 2003 15:49:16 EST."
             <3FE0C14C.8030609@solidmatrix.com> 
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Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com> wrote:
> Some spammers send spam for revenge ("joe jobs"). Yet some look for
> time machines and send chain letters. Now given these categories,
> which ones do we really care about? Probably only the first one or
> maybe two. The third one is so small, that there is no reason to
> address it. Therefore, given a proposal that addresses the third
> one, we probably would not bother researching it, since the benefits
> are negligable.

  If they're using the same methods to spam, they're identical so far
as the recipient can tell.  If they're using different methods, then
they are technically different, and technical methods of
distinguishing them can deal differently with each kind of spammer.

> Given only the technical design flaws in the protocol, will not provide 
> us with a determination of whether specific flaws are significant enough 
> to be pursued.

  Exactly.

> What we should do, is once we have determined what the flaws are,
> then analyze which of them are more significant then others, in
> order to best concentrate our efforts.

  And if we don't know what the flaws in SMTP are, we don't even know
what kinds of questions to ask, to see which behaviours are more
significant than others.

  Alan DeKok.

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On Wed, Dec 17, 2003 at 12:36:11PM -0500, Mark E. Mallett wrote:
> > The missing link in this scenario is the standardized encoding for the 
> > return-path within a return-path.
> 
> [ ... ]
> With ENVID, the server owning the ID has to either keep some history,
> or has to use an algorithm whereby envids can be verified.  The first
> seems to require more implementation/deployment impact than we're
> allowed to consider; the second would seem to provide an abuse path.
> 
> OTOH I may simply be confused.

I don't think so (confused ;-).

I have always wondered if, with LMAP, abusing sender domains will become
impossible, will spammers fall back to empty envelope senders, aka
mimiking bounces? How will we solve THAT problem? The first time they
started admin started blocking empty envelope senders and if this will
be widely used again I fear a lot more admins will block "bounces".

However this will solve the problems with return-path rewriting ;/

Otherwise, without tracking, return-path rewriting with routing
information may lead to the same problems we had with
     user%destination@relay
addresses, with the diefference that it now has a form
     user=destination%otheruser@relay

	\Maex

-- 
SpaceNet AG            | Joseph-Dollinger-Bogen 14 | Fon: +49 (89) 32356-0
Research & Development |       D-80807 Muenchen    | Fax: +49 (89) 32356-299
"The security, stability and reliability of a computer system is reciprocally
 proportional to the amount of vacuity between the ears of the admin"

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On Wed, Dec 17, 2003 at 11:18:37PM +0100, Markus Stumpf wrote:
> On Wed, Dec 17, 2003 at 12:36:11PM -0500, Mark E. Mallett wrote:
> > > The missing link in this scenario is the standardized encoding for the 
> > > return-path within a return-path.
> > 
> > [ ... ]
> > With ENVID, the server owning the ID has to either keep some history,
> > or has to use an algorithm whereby envids can be verified.  The first
> > seems to require more implementation/deployment impact than we're
> > allowed to consider; the second would seem to provide an abuse path.
> > 
> > OTOH I may simply be confused.
> 
> I don't think so (confused ;-).
> 
> I have always wondered if, with LMAP, abusing sender domains will become
> impossible, will spammers fall back to empty envelope senders, aka
> mimiking bounces? How will we solve THAT problem? The first time they
> started admin started blocking empty envelope senders and if this will
> be widely used again I fear a lot more admins will block "bounces".

One answer is the DRIP portion of the LMAP proposal.

DRIP operates on the HELO/EHLO part of the smtp conversation.  And
LMAP advises that a null sender be thought of as mailer-daemon@HELO.HOST.NAME
(for the purposes of validation).

-- 
 /  \__  | Richard Rognlie / Sultan of Sendmail / Gamerz.NET Lackey
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 /  \__/ | 
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From: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>
To: ASRG <asrg@ietf.org>
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We are looking for volunteers to help with the LMAP subgroup. Reply 
off-list if you can offer some time.

Yakov

-------
Yakov Shafranovich / asrg <at> shaftek.org
SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc. / research <at> solidmatrix.com
"Among all our enemies / The ones to be most feared are often the 
smallest" (Jean de la Fontaine)
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] [1] Why SPAM is worse in SMTP than in other protocols
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Yakov Shafranovich wrote:
> Therefore, a comparison to other messaging system can provide us with a 
> set of features present in those systems, which accomplish the same goal 
> of reducing abusive behavior. Then we can see which of these features 
> can be added to email as well, if possible.

IMHO there are interesting (dis)similarities between SMTP and TCP. For 
example dictionary attack is like portscan and email address forgery is 
like IP spoofing.

I think making SMTP more TCP-like can help to implement SMTP-firewalling 
functionality as in the case in the evolution from routers to firewalls.


z2


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To: "Yakov Shafranovich" <research@solidmatrix.com>, "ASRG" <asrg@ietf.org>
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Subject: [Asrg] Re: 6. Proposals - Verification via RCPT TO callback
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----- Original Message ----- 
From: "Yakov Shafranovich" <research@solidmatrix.com>
To: "Hector Santos" <winserver.support@winserver.com>; "ASRG"
<asrg@ietf.org>
Sent: Monday, December 01, 2003 8:45 AM
Subject: 6. Proposals - Verification via RCPT TO callback


> Hector,

>As you have mentioned, you are going to be deploying
> this system as multiple customer sites. What we would like to do, is for
> you to come back to the group in a few weeks with the results, and let
> us know if any of the issues we have raised played any difference. In
> order to have a totally objective analysis, we would recommend to run a
> bunch of control systems that do not have the method and than compare
> the results.

Its been two weeks <g>

I am putting together a summary report of our gamma testing.

Here is just the Santronics site only WCSAP log statistics and breakdown.  I
will provide some analysis now and provide more detail analysis in my report
gather logs from other gamma testers:

Stats for December 1 to 16, 2003

Total Sessions             :   31388
total rbl blocked          :   18887    60.17%
total non-rbl blocked      :   12501
total rbl cbv tested       :   11988
total cbv ready            :   24489
total filter unknowns      :   30415
total filter rejects       :      38
total filter accepts       :     107
total filter test          :     828
total cbv test             :   24344
total tries          :   23248
total rejected             :   23770    75.73%
total sap refused          :    8329    34.21%

total cbv tested           :   24344
total cbv bad              :   21366    87.77%
total cbv bad filter       :      38     0.16%
total cbv bad refused      :    8329    34.21%
total cbv bad ptr          :    2212     9.09%
total cbv bad no mx        :     521     2.14%
total cbv bad no mx host   :       0     0.00
total cbv bad connect      :    5207    21.39%
total cbv bad welcome      :    2042     8.39%
total cbv bad helo         :       7     0.03%
total cbv bad mail from    :       0     0.00%
total cbv bad rcpt         :       0     0.00%
total cbv bad open relay   :    2565    10.54%

total multiple mail from attempts :     870

Overall, the system has an average of 85-95% success rate.  In our case, its
88% for the month of December.  This rate does not include RBL rejected
sites.

As we were fine tuning it,  the last few days included a learning filter
algorithm to auto reject thus skipping the CBV process to reduce redundancy.

RBL is also included, which for the month of December, rejected 60%.
Since the RBL reject is optional, a CBV test can also be performed on RBL
rejected sites.  This help us in comparison the CBV against blacklisted
site.   Since some days I had it off and on, the above does not give you a
good comparison. To see the comparison, go to
http://www.winservercom/public/security.   You will see between Dec 4 and
15, when RBL rejection was disabled in WCSAP,  it failed slightly better
than RBL but I would say they are about here which some what indicates how
well the RBL sites work or rather the concept of having a low overhead
"central site" to validate a system.    But what this shows what RBL does
not cover, WCSAP makes it for it.

Some additional info:

Approximately 22% failed at the PTR, MX, Connect level.

8% failed to respond at the greeting.  However, this includes early data
where the WCSAP timeout was too low.  A new version installed a few days ago
solved this problem.

Approximately 11% tested as open relay sites.  Manual inspection shows this
is actually true positives with actual zombies or compromised sites.

The multiple mail from attempt counts is a initial analysis where I am going
to measure how the systems try multiple MAIL FROM commands when they get
rejected.  In this case, 870 systems tried more than one mail from.  Manual
inspection showed it came from specific sites using specific software.

One of the other test I am going to see is to analyze the software they use.
I  found quite a pattern here which I will detail in my report.

Of the issues raised:

1) Overhead, Redundancy
2) False Negatives/Positives

Solving the redundancy issue is the trick this system.   A learning/training
concept is suggested at the implementation level.

One method used in WCSAP is to pair the email domain with the connection IP
which I call DIP.  A accept/reject DIP filter is automatically created as
the system learns drastically reducing the redundancy.

The logic has been in place a day or so with the last 960+ sessions where
107 connections were accepted and 38 were rejected.

The speed of the system is fast, 1 to 2 seconds when there are no
DNS/connect issues which would add delays.  I added options to set timeouts.
The one timeout required was the greeting as I found some systems (both
legitimate and spammers) have long delays at the greeting.

Overhead would be an issue at the most fundamental level.  Redundancy logic
must be added.  In addition to the learning algorithm,   there is interest
to network the system using some kind of combined C/S, P2P topology of CBV
systems.   Another idea to reduce CBV overhead is to move the logic to the
RCPT TO stage.  If the server refuses the RCPT TO:, then there is no need to
call the CBV.   This has not been implemented yet, but our statistics show
that at least  75% of the RCPT TO are rejected.  Hence, 75% of the CBV calls
can be skipped.

The False Negatives are very negliable.  Of the 20 or so gamma systems,
only a few indicated reports by users at which point a DIP was manually
added. A more detail analysis will be provided of the false
negative/positives in my report.

In summary, this system works with CURRENT standards, a proof of concept is
shown that eliminates the majority of access issues using a SMTP compliancy
testing concept.  Overhead can be address using scalability measures and
both overhead and redundancy can be solved with advanced implementation.

Note: One tope I will discuss in my report is the technical engineering
principles we should be adhering too.  Here is a small part of it.

We (SMTP Server developers) have NO business trying to "interpret" what SPAM
is  with the exception of providing administrative policies.   No
consideration is made to mail context which is the how the ideal TRANSPORT
system show work.   In my opinion, its a MUTE point once you enforce
compliance with SMTP and now CAN-SPAM which requires a valid return path.
In the near future,  Customers who are looking for a SMTP system will ask
one basic question (regardless if they don't know what they talking about):

                "Is your system CAN-SPAM ready?"

Are you prepared to answer this?  Or are you prepared to argue with them?

If you want SMTP to be ready, two things must be done according to CAN-SPAM:

       1) Refine the specification to REMOVE all ambiguity about technical
compliance.  This
            includes dealing with the RETURN PATH and/or the VRFY command.

       2) To minimize overhead, add a new ESMTP which specifies the SUBJECT:

That's its!  Fundamental and simple!

        EHLO Spammer.com
        SUBJECT: straight from their subject line
        MAIL FROM:  validaddress@spammer.com
        RCPT TO: <targeruser>
        DATA
        QUIT

Otherwise, systems will be forced to accept the DATA to do post analysis
WHICH is NOT desirable.

The SPEC should make the SUBJECT an administrative policy issue.  If
required, the server will
issue a refusal is not provided.  Implementations can augment the logic
against what is provided
in the MAIL FROM and RCPT TO.

- VALIDATION OF THE RETURN PATH
- TOPIC IDENTIFICATION

and you are CAN-SPAM ready.

Until next time.

-- Hector



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From: "Hector Santos" <winserver.support@winserver.com>
To: "Yakov Shafranovich" <research@solidmatrix.com>, "ASRG" <asrg@ietf.org>
References: <3FCB4606.6000204@solidmatrix.com> <003b01c3c5ab$24d404e0$6401a8c0@FAMILY>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: 6. Proposals - Verification via RCPT TO callback
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----- Original Message ----- 
From: "Hector Santos" <winserver.support@winserver.com>
To: "Yakov Shafranovich" <research@solidmatrix.com>; "ASRG" <asrg@ietf.org>
Sent: Thursday, December 18, 2003 4:08 PM
Subject: [Asrg] Re: 6. Proposals - Verification via RCPT TO callback


> total cbv bad ptr          :    2212     9.09%
> total cbv bad no mx        :     521     2.14%
> total cbv bad no mx host   :       0     0.00
> total cbv bad connect      :    5207    21.39%
>
> Approximately 22% failed at the PTR, MX, Connect level.

That should be 33%.  I just want to correct this because it is significant.
Most systems do provide an MX.  They must put a server behind it, but they
do comply with "DNS"  - so DNS based proposal need to realized that just
because they have a "record" in DNS, does not necessary mean its valid.

-- Hector



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From: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>
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A new draft of DMP, which is one of the LMAP implementation protocols, 
has been published here:

http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-fecyk-dmp-01.txt


-------
Yakov Shafranovich / asrg <at> shaftek.org
SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc. / research <at> solidmatrix.com
"Among all our enemies / The ones to be most feared are often the 
smallest" (Jean de la Fontaine)
-------


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Cc: Alan DeKok <aland@ox.org>, asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 6. Proposals: MTA MARK vs port 25 filtering?
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Markus Stumpf <maex-lists-spam-ietf-asrg@Space.Net> wrote:
> But with the presumption of innocence each one should be allowed to send
> a mail to another person on the internet without some authority blocking
> it by default "just because".

Is the ability to send SMTP email a right, or a privilege?

(In most places) You don't get a driver's license without passing a
test, and you can't legally drive without one.

That doesn't mean that you're presumed to be a guilty driver.

-- 
David Maxwell, david@vex.net|david@maxwell.net --> The only difference I see
between voodoo and marketing research is that voodoo sometimes works! 
						- Leonard Stern 



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Subject: Re: [Asrg] 6. Proposals: MTA MARK vs port 25 filtering?
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On Thu, Dec 18, 2003 at 05:24:23PM -0500, David Maxwell wrote:
> Markus Stumpf <maex-lists-spam-ietf-asrg@Space.Net> wrote:
> > But with the presumption of innocence each one should be allowed to send
> > a mail to another person on the internet without some authority blocking
> > it by default "just because".
> 
> Is the ability to send SMTP email a right, or a privilege?

Is the ability to drop a letter in a postbox a right, or a privilege?
And what is the difference to a drivers license?

	\Maex

-- 
SpaceNet AG            | Joseph-Dollinger-Bogen 14 | Fon: +49 (89) 32356-0
Research & Development |       D-80807 Muenchen    | Fax: +49 (89) 32356-299
"The security, stability and reliability of a computer system is reciprocally
 proportional to the amount of vacuity between the ears of the admin"

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From: "Hector Santos" <winserver.support@winserver.com>
To: <asrg@ietf.org>
References: <20031212214327.GD20229@Space.Net> <20031212220719.E9B7F16CFA@mail.nitros9.org> <20031216232706.GI51606@Space.Net> <20031218222423.GB17431@mail>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 6. Proposals: MTA MARK vs port 25 filtering?
Organization: Santronics Software, Inc
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I would be on the side that after you after you given the right the send,
it would be the professional and ethical duty of the "messenger" to deliver
it.    That is where ECPA issues may arise and now CAN-SPAM regardless what
Section 8 says.  CAN-SPAM may not change the fact that policy issues may
prevail, the fact is ONCE you do accept a message, you can't just get like
it go into the LA-LA land without a policy reason.

People better start waking up to the reality that CAN-SPAM will give
SPAMMERS the "right" to send as long as they follow the rules and law.    If
you don't think they will use this in their favor in situations where ISPs
and sites are "blocking" them,  then be ready for a rude awakening.  If the
SPAMMER has a "conceptual contract" with the user and you being to block
this mail when they did everything in the rule books,  look out for fan
debris.

The IETF best get on the bandwagon to get the specifications cleared up and
begin to make them consistent with the law ASAP, not 18 months from now.

-- Hector

----- Original Message ----- 
From: "David Maxwell" <david@crlf.net>
To: "Markus Stumpf" <maex-lists-spam-ietf-asrg@Space.Net>
Cc: "Alan DeKok" <aland@ox.org>; <asrg@ietf.org>
Sent: Thursday, December 18, 2003 5:24 PM
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 6. Proposals: MTA MARK vs port 25 filtering?


> Markus Stumpf <maex-lists-spam-ietf-asrg@Space.Net> wrote:
> > But with the presumption of innocence each one should be allowed to send
> > a mail to another person on the internet without some authority blocking
> > it by default "just because".
>
> Is the ability to send SMTP email a right, or a privilege?
>
> (In most places) You don't get a driver's license without passing a
> test, and you can't legally drive without one.
>
> That doesn't mean that you're presumed to be a guilty driver.
>
> -- 
> David Maxwell, david@vex.net|david@maxwell.net --> The only difference I
see
> between voodoo and marketing research is that voodoo sometimes works!
>       - Leonard Stern
>
>
>
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg
>



_______________________________________________
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From: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 6. Proposals - LMAP - Latest version of the LMAP	discussion
 paper
In-reply-to: <3FD63A34.5040905@solidmatrix.com>
To: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>
Cc: Alan DeKok <aland@ox.org>, asrg@ietf.org, asrg-rmx@ntp.org
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Yakov Shafranovich wrote:
> Alan DeKok wrote:
> 
>>   I've updated the LMAP discussion paper, and put the latest copy on
>> my web site at:
>>
>> http://www.striker.ottawa.on.ca/~aland/draft-irtf-asrg-lmap-discussion-00.txt 
>> 
> In case we get SlashDoted, a copy is also available on the ASRG worksite 
> at:
> 
> http://asrg.kavi.com/apps/group_public/download.php/18/draft-irtf-asrg-lmap-discussion-00.txt 
> 

Some comments on the document:

Please add the following towards the beginning:

> NOTE: This document is intended to evolve, based on comments
>       from the Anti-Spam Research Group (ASRG) mailing list.
>       It is certain that the current draft is incomplete and
>       entirely possible that it is inaccurate. Hence, comments
>       are eagerly sought, preferably in the form of suggested
>       text changes, and preferably on the ASRG mailing list,
>       at <asrg@ietf.org>.
> 
> NOTE: This protocol is experimental and is not suitable for
> wide spread deployment or production use.

Section 1.1:
> 
>    The policy published by a domain includes statements as to which IP's
>    are permitted to claim association with the domain in SMTP EHLO/HELO
>    and MAIL FROM.  That policy can request certain decisions to be made
>    by a recipient on behalf of the domain.  For example, "mail from
>    example.com originates solely from the machine mail.example.com.
>    Please reject mail allegedly from example.com which originates
>    elsewhere."

I would also add information here about MTA MARK.

>    SMTP recipients can look up this policy when a domain name is used in
>    EHLO/HELO and/or MAIL FROM.  The recipient can then choose to apply
>    the requested policy to the message.

We can also mention that nothing steps someone from checking the LMAP 
information against the "From" address inside the actual message body, 
resulting in a 5xx code after the DATA command. We should also decide 
whether such behavior should be encouraged or discouraged.

>    Note that recipients should also publish that they use/enforce LMAP.
>    Receiving mail transport agents using protocols with the ability to
>    advertise capabilities should advertise a capability to the sender
>    that informs the that the sender that the receiver will check the
>    incoming IP address with LMAP.

Have any proposals addressed this? Is this something that should be done 
via the SMTP banner, DNS records, or perhaps an ESMTP extension?

> 
> 
> 2. Problem Statement and Scope
> 
>    LMAP addresses the problem of forgeries in the argument field of SMTP
>    EHLO/HELO, and SMTP MAIL FROM.  It does not use or examine any other
>    argument of any other field of the SMTP protocol.  Specifically, no
>    information in the body (DATA portion) of an SMTP message is used in
>    any part of LMAP.  Examination, validation, or verification of the
>    body "From:" is explicitly not part of this proposal, and this
>    proposal should not be represented as using body "From:".

But should we encourage such behavior or discourage it? The current text 
seems to stay away from the issue.

> 
> 
> 2.2 Scope of the proposal
 > 2.3 Scope of the Problem

Some information should also be added about the MTA MARK proposal. The 
entire LMAP idea is about publishing policy decisions on the Internet, 
and the MTA MARK proposal does the same for IP addresses, that 
RMX/DMP/DRIP/etc. do for domains.

> 2.3.1 Junk Email
>
>    Since this proposal does not examine or verify the body From: field,
>    there is still the possibility for spammers to use that field to
>    fraudulently claim assocation with a well-known domain.  We leave
>    that problem to be addressed by a method other than LMAP.  We will
>    recommend, however, that recipients take additional care when
>    accepting messages where the domain in the envelope MAIL FROM does
>    not match the domain in the body From:.  Such messages have greater
>    potential to be forgeries than messages where the domains are
>    identical, and where an accountability system exists.

What kind of care can be taken in this instance? Since the MTA cannot 
modify the "From" headers, either a custom header or something in the 
"Received" headers should be added?

> 
> 
> 2.3.2 Viruses, Trojans, and Worms
> 
>    While many malicious programs sometimes use the infected machine's
>    sender address, they rarely use the sender domain's resources to send
>    copies of itself, instead running their own SMTP engines.
> 
>    Domains implementing LMAP may reject copies of viruses and other
>    malicious software sent in this manner.  This method does have
>    limitations, however, see also Section 2.4.3.

More text on MTA MARK can be useful here as well.

> 
> 
> 2.4.1 Junk Email with Correct Envelope Information
> 
>    LMAP can not stop a spammer from using envelope information that they
>    are authorized to use.  However, maintainers of a spammer's domain
>    could audit their activity more effectively, as the spammer is forced
>    to use their correct information.
> 
>    If spammers maintain their own domains, domain-based blocking becomes
>    more effective.  In extreme cases, where a spammer hosts multiple
>    domains, blocking the authoritative DNS servers for the spammer's
>    domains becomes very effective, as the recipient could reject all
>    LMAP lookups on the spammers' DNS servers. They would effectively
>    reject all email from domains hosted there.

We have to address the fact that spammers can register new domains much 
faster than we can block them. The bit about DNS servers might also be a 
bit controversial, since possible fallout can affect others hosted on 
the same DNS servers.

> 
> 
> 2.7 DNS based attacks

You can add a reference here to the draft published by one of the DNS 
working groups on the subject, it has an entire list of issues. DNS SEC 
can be mentioned as well:

http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-dnsext-dns-threats-05.txt







-------
Yakov Shafranovich / asrg <at> shaftek.org
SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc. / research <at> solidmatrix.com
"I ate your Web page. / Forgive me. It was juicy / And tart on my 
tongue." (MIT's 404 Message)
-------


_______________________________________________
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Asrg@ietf.org
https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg



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To: Hector Santos <winserver.support@winserver.com>
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] 6. Proposals: MTA MARK vs port 25 filtering?
References: <20031212214327.GD20229@Space.Net> <20031212220719.E9B7F16CFA@mail.nitros9.org> <20031216232706.GI51606@Space.Net> <20031218222423.GB17431@mail> <000d01c3c5ba$1a8b94d0$6401a8c0@FAMILY>
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Hector Santos wrote:
> I would be on the side that after you after you given the right the send,
> it would be the professional and ethical duty of the "messenger" to deliver
> it.    That is where ECPA issues may arise and now CAN-SPAM regardless what
> Section 8 says.  CAN-SPAM may not change the fact that policy issues may
> prevail, the fact is ONCE you do accept a message, you can't just get like
> it go into the LA-LA land without a policy reason.
> 
> People better start waking up to the reality that CAN-SPAM will give
> SPAMMERS the "right" to send as long as they follow the rules and law.    If
> you don't think they will use this in their favor in situations where ISPs
> and sites are "blocking" them,  then be ready for a rude awakening.  If the
> SPAMMER has a "conceptual contract" with the user and you being to block
> this mail when they did everything in the rule books,  look out for fan
> debris.

No, it doesn't. This has been stated before on this list. CAN-SPAM allows 
any service provider to block messages for any policy reason. It only 
defines what senders CAN NOT legally do.

> The IETF best get on the bandwagon to get the specifications cleared up and
> begin to make them consistent with the law ASAP, not 18 months from now.

They are perfectly consistent with the law. The law says recipient servers 
can do whatever they want with local policy, the RFCs say recipient servers 
can do whatever they want with local policy.

CAN-SPAM 'compliance' is purely the burden of senders of commercial email. 
There is nothing in it which says that recipient servers can, cannot, 
should, or should not enforce the requirements placed on senders.
CAN-SPAM requires a valid return path in all commercial email. It does NOT 
require that recipient servers accept all commercial email so long as it has 
a valid return path.

Philip Miller


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From: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>
To: ASRG <asrg@ietf.org>
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This is a multi-part message in MIME format.

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Your system is rejecting my mail, this is not the first time this happened.

Yakov

-------- Original Message --------
Subject: Delivery Notification: Delivery has failed
Date: Thu, 18 Dec 2003 23:08:43 +0000 (GMT)
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To: research@solidmatrix.com

This report relates to a message you sent with the following header fields:

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   Date: Thu, 18 Dec 2003 18:07:59 -0500
   From: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>
   Subject: Re: [Asrg] 6. Proposals: MTA MARK vs port 25 filtering?
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Server v5.7.450.9b10 ready)




-------
Yakov Shafranovich / asrg <at> shaftek.org
SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc. / research <at> solidmatrix.com
"Among all our enemies / The ones to be most feared are often the 
smallest" (Jean de la Fontaine)
-------

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Date: Thu, 18 Dec 2003 18:07:59 -0500
From: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 6. Proposals: MTA MARK vs port 25 filtering?
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Hector Santos wrote:
> I would be on the side that after you after you given the right the
> send, it would be the professional and ethical duty of the
> "messenger" to deliver it.    That is where ECPA issues may arise and
> now CAN-SPAM regardless what Section 8 says.  CAN-SPAM may not change
> the fact that policy issues may prevail, the fact is ONCE you do
> accept a message, you can't just get like it go into the LA-LA land
> without a policy reason.
> 
> People better start waking up to the reality that CAN-SPAM will give 
> SPAMMERS the "right" to send as long as they follow the rules and
> law.    If you don't think they will use this in their favor in
> situations where ISPs and sites are "blocking" them,  then be ready
> for a rude awakening.  If the SPAMMER has a "conceptual contract"
> with the user and you being to block this mail when they did
> everything in the rule books,  look out for fan debris.
> 

This is a legal issue, and we are not lawyers. What exactly this law 
will do is subject to debate by LAWYERS, not engineers. From the ASRG 
charter (http://www.irtf.org/charters/asrg.html):

"ASRG will not pursue research into legal issues of spam, other than
the extent to which these issues affect, support, or constrain the
technology."

This topic is out of scope for the ASRG.

> The IETF best get on the bandwagon to get the specifications cleared
> up and begin to make them consistent with the law ASAP, not 18 months
> from now.
> 

Since the IAB is the liason for the entire IETF, this is something to be 
taken up with them or on the main IETF list. From the IAB charter (RFC 
2850):

"2.  The Role of the IAB
...
   (f) External Liaison

    The IAB acts as representative of the interests of the IETF and the
    Internet Society in technical liaison relationships with other
    organizations concerned with standards and other technical and
    organizational issues relevant to the world-wide Internet.
"


-------
Yakov Shafranovich / asrg <at> shaftek.org
SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc. / research <at> solidmatrix.com
  "Why are both drug addicts and computer aficionados both called 
users?" (Clifford Stoll)
-------



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From: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 1. Inventory of Problems - SMTP
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Yakov Shafranovich wrote:

> [Subject changed to be more readable, was "Re: [Asrg] [1] Why SPAM is 
> worse in SMTP than in other protocols". Mod.]
> 
> Alan DeKok wrote:
> 
>>   I've written a *very* rough first draft of a document.  It's
>> available at:
>>
>>   http://www.striker.ottawa.on.ca/~aland/smtp-sucks/problems.txt
>>

Some comments:

> 
> 3. The sender can request that the message be forwarded to (almost)
>    anyone else.
> 
>   SMTP isn't a "user to user" protocol.  It's a "submitter to MTA"
> protocol.  In the case of open proxies, the MTA may be abused to
> re-send the mail to anyone on the net.

Isn't SMTP an MTA-to-MTA protocol, with SUBMIT being the "submitter to 
MTA" protocol?

> 6. no negative feedback
> 
>   TCP has congestion control.  ICMP "port unreachable", etc.
> 
>   When SMTP messages are thrown away, they're often done so by the end
> user.  The recipient MTA usually doesn't know, and the originating MTA
> doesn't know.  So in the absence of negative feedback, spammers
> increase their sending rates, in the hope that some messages will get
> through.

This also has to do with the fact that the body of the message and the 
SMTP transaction are separate from each other.

>  What to do about it
>   -------------------

> e.g. Messages from unknown senders should be treated with great
>   suspicion.  Any and all available information should be used to
>   determine how to process the message.

A good example would be giving a higher value to unknown senders in 
SpamAssasin.

Yakov

-------
Yakov Shafranovich / asrg <at> shaftek.org
SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc. / research <at> solidmatrix.com
"I ate your Web page. / Forgive me. It was juicy / And tart on my 
tongue." (MIT's 404 Message)
-------


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From: Philip Miller <millenix@zemos.net>
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To: ASRG <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 0. General - For Hector Santos
References: <3FE2340B.8070605@solidmatrix.com>
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This is a multi-part message in MIME format.
--------------010100080503000102040704
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii; format=flowed
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Yakov Shafranovich wrote:
> Your system is rejecting my mail, this is not the first time this happened.

Mine as well. It's attached.

Philip Miller

--------------010100080503000102040704
Content-Type: message/rfc822;
 name="Attached Message"
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--_3fe233e0.4f3f.0+comcast.net=_
Content-Type: text/plain

A message (from <millenix@zemos.net>) was received at 18 Dec 2003 23:10:09 +0000.

The following addresses had delivery problems:

<winserver.support@winserver.com>
	Permanent Failure: Other address status
	Delivery last attempted at Thu, 18 Dec 2003 23:10:23 -0000

--_3fe233e0.4f3f.0+comcast.net=_
Content-Type: message/delivery-status

Reporting-MTA: dns; comcast.net
Arrival-Date: 18 Dec 2003 23:10:09 +0000

Final-Recipient: rfc822; <winserver.support@winserver.com>
Action: failed
Status: 5.1.0 MAIL FROM: <millenix@zemos.net> 552 REPLY: 552_Return_Path_not_verifiable!
Diagnostic-Code: smtp; Permanent Failure: Other address status
Last-Attempt-Date: Thu, 18 Dec 2003 23:10:23 -0000

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Date: Thu, 18 Dec 2003 18:10:46 -0500
From: Philip Miller <millenix@zemos.net>
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To: Hector Santos <winserver.support@winserver.com>
Cc: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 6. Proposals: MTA MARK vs port 25 filtering?
References: <20031212214327.GD20229@Space.Net> <20031212220719.E9B7F16CFA@mail.nitros9.org> <20031216232706.GI51606@Space.Net> <20031218222423.GB17431@mail> <000d01c3c5ba$1a8b94d0$6401a8c0@FAMILY>
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Hector Santos wrote:
> I would be on the side that after you after you given the right the send,
> it would be the professional and ethical duty of the "messenger" to deliver
> it.    That is where ECPA issues may arise and now CAN-SPAM regardless what
> Section 8 says.  CAN-SPAM may not change the fact that policy issues may
> prevail, the fact is ONCE you do accept a message, you can't just get like
> it go into the LA-LA land without a policy reason.
> 
> People better start waking up to the reality that CAN-SPAM will give
> SPAMMERS the "right" to send as long as they follow the rules and law.    If
> you don't think they will use this in their favor in situations where ISPs
> and sites are "blocking" them,  then be ready for a rude awakening.  If the
> SPAMMER has a "conceptual contract" with the user and you being to block
> this mail when they did everything in the rule books,  look out for fan
> debris.

No, it doesn't. This has been stated before on this list. CAN-SPAM allows 
any service provider to block messages for any policy reason. It only 
defines what senders CAN NOT legally do.

> The IETF best get on the bandwagon to get the specifications cleared up and
> begin to make them consistent with the law ASAP, not 18 months from now.

They are perfectly consistent with the law. The law says recipient servers 
can do whatever they want with local policy, the RFCs say recipient servers 
can do whatever they want with local policy.

CAN-SPAM 'compliance' is purely the burden of senders of commercial email. 
There is nothing in it which says that recipient servers can, cannot, 
should, or should not enforce the requirements placed on senders.
CAN-SPAM requires a valid return path in all commercial email. It does NOT 
require that recipient servers accept all commercial email so long as it has 
a valid return path.

Philip Miller


--_3fe233e0.4f3f.0+comcast.net=_--

--------------010100080503000102040704--


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From: "Hector Santos" <winserver.support@winserver.com>
To: "Philip Miller" <millenix@zemos.net>, "ASRG" <asrg@ietf.org>
References: <3FE2340B.8070605@solidmatrix.com> <3FE235A5.30509@zemos.net>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 0. General - For Hector Santos
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----- Original Message ----- 
From: "Philip Miller" <millenix@zemos.net>
To: "ASRG" <asrg@ietf.org>
Sent: Thursday, December 18, 2003 6:17 PM
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 0. General - For Hector Santos


> Yakov Shafranovich wrote:
> > Your system is rejecting my mail, this is not the first time this
happened.
>
> Mine as well. It's attached.
>
> Philip Miller
>

Well lets see:

A message (from <millenix@zemos.net>) was received at 18 Dec 2003 23:10:09
+0000.

The following addresses had delivery problems:

<winserver.support@winserver.com>
 Permanent Failure: Other address status
 Delivery last attempted at Thu, 18 Dec 2003 23:10:23 -0000

Useless information..  Lets look further.  Here is your session:

**************************************************************************
Wildcat! SMTP Server v5.7.450.9b10
SMTP log started at Thu, 18 Dec 2003  18:10:54
Connection Time  : 20031218 18:10:51
Client IP Address: 204.127.198.39 (unknown)
SSL Enabled: NO
18:10:54 S: 220 winserver.com Wildcat! ESMTP Server v5.7.450.9b10 ready
18:10:54 C: EHLO rwcrmhc13.comcast.net
18:10:54 S: 250-winserver.com, Pleased to meet you.
18:10:54 S: 250-SIZE 5120000
18:10:54 S: 250-ETRN
18:10:54 S: 250-AUTH CRAM-MD5 LOGIN PLAIN PLAIN-MD5 SHA-1
18:10:54 S: 250-AUTH=LOGIN
18:10:54 S: 250 HELP
18:10:54 C: MAIL FROM:<millenix@zemos.net> SIZE=2960
18:11:04 ** WCX Process: wcsap  ret: 552
18:11:04 S: 552 Return Path not verifiable!
18:11:04 C: RSET
18:11:04 S: 250 Reset State
18:11:05 C: QUIT
18:11:05 S: 221 closing connection


Your path was not verifier. Now lets look at WCSAP log:

20031218 18:10:54 0001ac00 -------------------------------------
20031218 18:10:54 0001ac00 version: 1.42 / 1.36
20031218 18:10:54 0001ac00 cmd    : MAIL FROM
20031218 18:10:54 0001ac00 method : WCSAP
20031218 18:10:54 0001ac00 uid    : 0
20031218 18:10:54 0001ac00 ip     : 204.127.198.39
20031218 18:10:54 0001ac00 cdn    : rwcrmhc13.comcast.net
20031218 18:10:54 0001ac00 hdn    :
20031218 18:10:54 0001ac00 rbl    : 0
20031218 18:10:54 0001ac00 relay  : 0
20031218 18:10:54 0001ac00 from   : <millenix@zemos.net>
20031218 18:10:54 0001ac00 filter : test
20031218 18:10:54 0001ac00 result : 0
20031218 18:11:04 0001ac00 no ptr record - rejected
20031218 18:11:04 0001ac00 SMTP response code: 552
20031218 18:11:04 0001ac00 wcsap finish
20031218 18:12:05 0001ac01 -------------------------------------

Sorry, NO PTR RECORD FOR ZEMOS.NET

You ain't GETTING IN! PERIOD!

As for Yakov,  lets do a search... What address are you using?  You and I
have been sending mail back and forth with SolidMatrix.net  Here is a SAP
log at 18:09:


20031218 18:09:23 0001abff -------------------------------------
20031218 18:09:23 0001abff version: 1.42 / 1.36
20031218 18:09:23 0001abff cmd    : MAIL FROM
20031218 18:09:23 0001abff method : WCSAP
20031218 18:09:23 0001abff uid    : 0
20031218 18:09:23 0001abff ip     : 63.167.114.16
20031218 18:09:23 0001abff cdn    : dedicated60-bos.wh.sprintip.net
20031218 18:09:23 0001abff hdn    :
20031218 18:09:23 0001abff rbl    : 0
20031218 18:09:23 0001abff relay  : 0
20031218 18:09:23 0001abff from   : <research@solidmatrix.com>
20031218 18:09:23 0001abff filter : test
20031218 18:09:23 0001abff result : 0
20031218 18:09:23 0001abff total mx records: 1
20031218 18:09:23 0001abff trying mx: solidmatrix.com ip: 64.90.180.93
20031218 18:09:23 0001abff # connecting to 64.90.180.93
20031218 18:09:23 0001abff S: 220 std5.imagineis.com ESMTP Sendmail
8.12.8/8.12.8; Thu, 18 Dec 2003 18:08:40 -0500
20031218 18:09:23 0001abff C: NOOP WCSAP v1.42 Wildcat! Sender
Authentication Protocol http://www.santronics.com
20031218 18:09:23 0001abff S: 250 2.0.0 OK
20031218 18:09:23 0001abff C: HELO mail.winserver.com
20031218 18:09:23 0001abff S: 250 std5.imagineis.com Hello
ntbbs.winserver.com [208.247.131.9], pleased to meet you
20031218 18:09:23 0001abff C: MAIL FROM: <>
20031218 18:09:23 0001abff S: 250 2.1.0 <>... Sender ok
20031218 18:09:23 0001abff C: RCPT TO: <research@solidmatrix.com>
20031218 18:09:23 0001abff S: 250 2.1.5 <research@solidmatrix.com>...
Recipient ok
20031218 18:09:23 0001abff C: RCPT TO:
<wcsap-openrelay-test-123sxa23@alqwejad.com>
20031218 18:09:24 0001abff S: 550 5.7.1
<wcsap-openrelay-test-123sxa23@alqwejad.com>... Relaying denied. Proper
authentication required.
20031218 18:09:24 0001abff C: QUIT
20031218 18:09:24 0001abff result : 250
20031218 18:09:24 0001abff wcsap finish

Perfect, a 250 response code!

Lets do a solidmatrix.com lookup for the entire month and see if there are
any errors.


E:\wcsap\logs>grep -li solidmatrix wcsap200312*.log
File wcsap20031201.log:
File wcsap20031202.log:
File wcsap20031203.log:
File wcsap20031204.log:
File wcsap20031205.log:
File wcsap20031207.log:
File wcsap20031208.log:
File wcsap20031209.log:
File wcsap20031212.log:
File wcsap20031213.log:
File wcsap20031216.log:

I just did a detail look at each of the above date logs.

Dec 1,   1 successful message from you
Dec 2,   1 successful message from you
Dec 3,   2 successful messages from you
Dec 4,   3 successful messages from you
Dec 5,   3 successful messages from you
Dec 7,   1 successful message from you
Dec 8,   2 successful messages from you
Dec 9,   1 successful messages from you
Dec 12,   2 successful messages from you
Dec 13,   2 successful messages from you
Dec 16,   0 successful messages from you

But on the 16th, I see I did a test to JUNKUSER@SOLIDMATRIX.COM  using the
WEB SERVICE mode of WCSAP!

20031216 06:22 00018d71 -------------------------------------
20031216 06:22 00018d71 version: 1.36 / 1.36
20031216 06:22 00018d71 uid    : 0
20031216 06:22 00018d71 ip     : LocalHost
20031216 06:22 00018d71 cdn    :
20031216 06:22 00018d71 from   : junkuser@solidmatrix.com
20031216 06:22 00018d71 rbl    : 0
20031216 06:22 00018d71 relay  : 0
20031216 06:22 00018d71 hdn    :
20031216 06:22 00018d71 trying mx: solidmatrix.com ip: 64.90.180.93
20031216 06:22 00018d71 # connecting to 64.90.180.93
20031216 06:22 00018d71 S: 220 std5.imagineis.com ESMTP Sendmail
8.12.8/8.12.8; Tue, 16 Dec 2003 06:21:34 -0500
20031216 06:22 00018d71 C: HELO mail.winserver.com
20031216 06:22 00018d71 S: 250 std5.imagineis.com Hello ntbbs.winserver.com
[208.247.131.9], pleased to meet you
20031216 06:22 00018d71 C: MAIL FROM: <>
20031216 06:22 00018d71 S: 250 2.1.0 <>... Sender ok
20031216 06:22 00018d71 C: RCPT TO: <junkuser@solidmatrix.com>
20031216 06:22 00018d71 S: 550 5.1.1 <junkuser@solidmatrix.com>... User
unknown
20031216 06:22 00018d71 C: QUIT
20031216 06:22 00018d71 result : 550
20031216 06:22 00018d71 SMTP response code: 552
20031216 06:22 00018d71 wcsap finish

Sorry Yakov,  I checked every log and not one FAILURE to receive.   If you
want to show me your END of the log then maybe we can match it.

Now back to Phillip........

- Hector






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From exim@www1.ietf.org  Thu Dec 18 18:53:35 2003
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On Thu, Dec 18, 2003 at 06:41:37PM -0500, Hector Santos wrote:
> Sorry, NO PTR RECORD FOR ZEMOS.NET
> You ain't GETTING IN! PERIOD!

Just out of curiosity.
What would you expect a "PTR record for ZEMOS.NET" to look like?

	\Maex

-- 
SpaceNet AG            | Joseph-Dollinger-Bogen 14 | Fon: +49 (89) 32356-0
Research & Development |       D-80807 Muenchen    | Fax: +49 (89) 32356-299
"The security, stability and reliability of a computer system is reciprocally
 proportional to the amount of vacuity between the ears of the admin"

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From: "Hector Santos" <winserver.support@winserver.com>
To: "Philip Miller" <millenix@zemos.net>
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References: <20031212214327.GD20229@Space.Net> <20031212220719.E9B7F16CFA@mail.nitros9.org> <20031216232706.GI51606@Space.Net> <20031218222423.GB17431@mail> <000d01c3c5ba$1a8b94d0$6401a8c0@FAMILY> <3FE233F6.10103@zemos.net>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 6. Proposals: MTA MARK vs port 25 filtering?
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----- Original Message ----- >

> No, it doesn't. This has been stated before on this list. CAN-SPAM allows
> any service provider to block messages for any policy reason. It only
> defines what senders CAN NOT legally do.

No, read it again,  the ACT does not attempt to CHANGE any current policy or
status quo.

> > The IETF best get on the bandwagon to get the specifications cleared up
and
> > begin to make them consistent with the law ASAP, not 18 months from now.
>
> They are perfectly consistent with the law. The law says recipient servers
> can do whatever they want with local policy, the RFCs say recipient
servers
> can do whatever they want with local policy.

Read the ECPA, CAN-SPAM and speak to a lawyer,  like I have.   There are
inconsistencies and new issues now.

> CAN-SPAM 'compliance' is purely the burden of senders of commercial email.

No quite.  Without POLICY, you can not just BLOCK mail when there is consent
with a user.  That is how it is today with the ECPA!

> There is nothing in it which says that recipient servers can, cannot,
> should, or should not enforce the requirements placed on senders.

If you going to BLOCK, then you better have a good reason.

> CAN-SPAM requires a valid return path in all commercial email. It does NOT
> require that recipient servers accept all commercial email so long as it
has
> a valid return path.


Not quite.

It has been a LONG STANDING practice held by ECPA precedence that ONCE you
accept a message, it must be delivered.  You can't just accept it and do
whatever you want with it.   If you are, you shouldn't be servicing anyone
and TRUST me, you OPEN yourself to a lawsuit.    You can have ALL the
policies in the world, that doesn't say ANYTHING that stops me sending
lawyers after you.

There are noted inconsistencies in the CAN-SPAM act.   The ACT will GIVE
spammers a legal argument if they are in compliance and you are are NOT in
compliance, you open yourself to Mal-practice, Tortious inference and ECPA
related issues.

Look,  I've been designing mail servers and hosting systems for over 25
years!   Do you think I speak out my rear end    If you have the experience,
then you would know better.  And again, I have spoken with my lawyer, who is
one of the best IP lawyers in the country.   The CAN-SPAM Act opens up a
whole new frontier.  It needs to be fine tune, like any law does.  After
all, thats the hallmark our our american society - a constant fine tuning.

Of course, I am speaking as a professional with products serving the
professional and corporate environment.  Many ISPs small and large.   The
design of our product must comply with the standards, ethical engineering
and the applicable laws governing electronic communications.  There is
NOTHING new about that.  The ECPA made sure of that.

Now sure,  SYSOPS can have a POLICY.  But that POLICY must also include the
fact that there is NO GUARANTEE delivery.   If you don't and you accept the
mail, you can be LIABLE - not because of CAN-SPAM, but because ECPA.

In the past, SPAMMERS didn't care. They were getting away with Murder.  Now
with CAN-SPAM,  I highly recommend you have your policy and your system in
order.

-- Hector



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From: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 6. Proposals: MTA MARK vs port 25 filtering?
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Hector Santos wrote:
> I would be on the side that after you after you given the right the
> send, it would be the professional and ethical duty of the
> "messenger" to deliver it.    That is where ECPA issues may arise and
> now CAN-SPAM regardless what Section 8 says.  CAN-SPAM may not change
> the fact that policy issues may prevail, the fact is ONCE you do
> accept a message, you can't just get like it go into the LA-LA land
> without a policy reason.
> 
> People better start waking up to the reality that CAN-SPAM will give 
> SPAMMERS the "right" to send as long as they follow the rules and
> law.    If you don't think they will use this in their favor in
> situations where ISPs and sites are "blocking" them,  then be ready
> for a rude awakening.  If the SPAMMER has a "conceptual contract"
> with the user and you being to block this mail when they did
> everything in the rule books,  look out for fan debris.
> 

This is a legal issue, and we are not lawyers. What exactly this law 
will do is subject to debate by LAWYERS, not engineers. From the ASRG 
charter (http://www.irtf.org/charters/asrg.html):

"ASRG will not pursue research into legal issues of spam, other than
the extent to which these issues affect, support, or constrain the
technology."

This topic is out of scope for the ASRG.

> The IETF best get on the bandwagon to get the specifications cleared
> up and begin to make them consistent with the law ASAP, not 18 months
> from now.
> 

Since the IAB is the liason for the entire IETF, this is something to be 
taken up with them or on the main IETF list. From the IAB charter (RFC 
2850):

"2.  The Role of the IAB
...
   (f) External Liaison

    The IAB acts as representative of the interests of the IETF and the
    Internet Society in technical liaison relationships with other
    organizations concerned with standards and other technical and
    organizational issues relevant to the world-wide Internet.
"


-------
Yakov Shafranovich / asrg <at> shaftek.org
SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc. / research <at> solidmatrix.com
  "Why are both drug addicts and computer aficionados both called 
users?" (Clifford Stoll)
-------


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From: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 6. Proposals: MTA MARK vs port 25 filtering?
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Once again, this issue is out of scope for the ASRG, and the proper 
forum for this would be the main IETF list, directly speaking to the IAB 
or some lawyers. If you want to continue this discussion, do it off-list.

Sincerely,
Yakov Shafranovich
Co-Chair, ASRG

Hector Santos wrote:
> ----- Original Message ----- >
> 
>>No, it doesn't. This has been stated before on this list. CAN-SPAM allows
>>any service provider to block messages for any policy reason. It only
>>defines what senders CAN NOT legally do.
> 
> 
> No, read it again,  the ACT does not attempt to CHANGE any current policy or
> status quo.
> 
> 
>>>The IETF best get on the bandwagon to get the specifications cleared up
> 
> and
> 
>>>begin to make them consistent with the law ASAP, not 18 months from now.
>>
>>They are perfectly consistent with the law. The law says recipient servers
>>can do whatever they want with local policy, the RFCs say recipient
> 
> servers
> 
>>can do whatever they want with local policy.
> 
> 
> Read the ECPA, CAN-SPAM and speak to a lawyer,  like I have.   There are
> inconsistencies and new issues now.
> 
> 
>>CAN-SPAM 'compliance' is purely the burden of senders of commercial email.
> 
> 
> No quite.  Without POLICY, you can not just BLOCK mail when there is consent
> with a user.  That is how it is today with the ECPA!
> 
> 
>>There is nothing in it which says that recipient servers can, cannot,
>>should, or should not enforce the requirements placed on senders.
> 
> 
> If you going to BLOCK, then you better have a good reason.
> 
> 
>>CAN-SPAM requires a valid return path in all commercial email. It does NOT
>>require that recipient servers accept all commercial email so long as it
> 
> has
> 
>>a valid return path.
> 
> 
> 
> Not quite.
> 
> It has been a LONG STANDING practice held by ECPA precedence that ONCE you
> accept a message, it must be delivered.  You can't just accept it and do
> whatever you want with it.   If you are, you shouldn't be servicing anyone
> and TRUST me, you OPEN yourself to a lawsuit.    You can have ALL the
> policies in the world, that doesn't say ANYTHING that stops me sending
> lawyers after you.
> 
> There are noted inconsistencies in the CAN-SPAM act.   The ACT will GIVE
> spammers a legal argument if they are in compliance and you are are NOT in
> compliance, you open yourself to Mal-practice, Tortious inference and ECPA
> related issues.
> 
> Look,  I've been designing mail servers and hosting systems for over 25
> years!   Do you think I speak out my rear end    If you have the experience,
> then you would know better.  And again, I have spoken with my lawyer, who is
> one of the best IP lawyers in the country.   The CAN-SPAM Act opens up a
> whole new frontier.  It needs to be fine tune, like any law does.  After
> all, thats the hallmark our our american society - a constant fine tuning.
> 
> Of course, I am speaking as a professional with products serving the
> professional and corporate environment.  Many ISPs small and large.   The
> design of our product must comply with the standards, ethical engineering
> and the applicable laws governing electronic communications.  There is
> NOTHING new about that.  The ECPA made sure of that.
> 
> Now sure,  SYSOPS can have a POLICY.  But that POLICY must also include the
> fact that there is NO GUARANTEE delivery.   If you don't and you accept the
> mail, you can be LIABLE - not because of CAN-SPAM, but because ECPA.
> 
> In the past, SPAMMERS didn't care. They were getting away with Murder.  Now
> with CAN-SPAM,  I highly recommend you have your policy and your system in
> order.
> 
> -- Hector
> 
> 
> 
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg
> 

-------
Yakov Shafranovich / asrg <at> shaftek.org
SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc. / research <at> solidmatrix.com
"I ate your Web page. / Forgive me. It was juicy / And tart on my 
tongue." (MIT's 404 Message)
-------


_______________________________________________
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Message-ID: <005301c3c5c8$91422c70$6401a8c0@FAMILY>
From: "Hector Santos" <winserver.support@winserver.com>
To: "Markus Stumpf" <maex-lists-spam-ietf-asrg@Space.Net>
Cc: "Anti-Spam" <asrg@ietf.org>
References: <3FE2340B.8070605@solidmatrix.com> <3FE235A5.30509@zemos.net> <004201c3c5c0$7c137af0$6401a8c0@FAMILY> <20031218235222.GB68195@Space.Net>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 0. General - For Hector Santos
Organization: Santronics Software, Inc
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Date: Thu, 18 Dec 2003 19:39:29 -0500
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A domain name pointer record?

Lets use NT's NSLOOKUP:

WC5 L:\wc5>nslookup -querytype=ptr zemos.net
Server:  ns.santronics.com
Address:  208.247.131.10

*** No domain name pointer (PTR) records available for zemos.net

WC5 L:\wc5>nslookup -querytype=cname zemos.net
Server:  ns.santronics.com
Address:  208.247.131.10

*** No canonical name (CNAME) records available for zemos.net

WC5 L:\wc5>nslookup -querytype=mx zemos.net
Server:  ns.santronics.com
Address:  208.247.131.10

Non-authoritative answer:
zemos.net       MX preference = 40, mail exchanger = coda.club.cc.cmu.edu
zemos.net       MX preference = 0, mail exchanger = cia.zemos.net
zemos.net       MX preference = 20, mail exchanger = fda.zemos.net
zemos.net       MX preference = 30, mail exchanger = mike.zemos.net

coda.club.cc.cmu.edu    internet address = 128.2.4.166
cia.zemos.net   internet address = 64.203.5.232
fda.zemos.net   internet address = 68.38.12.170
mike.zemos.net  internet address = 12.226.225.174

Let me test it with our DNS MX resolver in our code::

D:\local\wc5\wcsmtp\wcdns>testwcdns zemos.net
-- [zemos.net] --
0   | 64.203.5.232         | zemos.net | cia.zemos.net
20  | 68.38.12.170         | zemos.net | fda.zemos.net
30  | 12.226.225.174       | zemos.net | mike.zemos.net
40  | 128.2.4.166          | zemos.net | coda.club.cc.cmu.edu

Its working now!!!    Lets do: a manual WCSAP run

d:\wc5beta>wcrun -r wcsap
"&debug=1&from=<millenix@zemos.net>&ip=204.127.198.39"

20031218 19:25:28 000000c0 -------------------------------------
20031218 19:25:28 000000c0 version: 1.42 / 1.42
20031218 19:25:28 000000c0 method : WCSAP
20031218 19:25:28 000000c0 ip     : 204.127.198.39
20031218 19:25:28 000000c0 from   : <millenix@zemos.net>
20031218 19:25:28 000000c0 filter : test
20031218 19:25:28 000000c0 result : 0
20031218 19:25:28 000000c0 total mx records: 4
20031218 19:25:28 000000c0 trying mx: cia.zemos.net ip: 64.203.5.232
20031218 19:25:28 000000c0 # connecting to 64.203.5.232
20031218 19:25:29 000000c0 S: 220 cia.zemos.net SMTP DAEMON
20031218 19:25:29 000000c0 C: NOOP WCSAP v1.42 Wildcat! Sender
Authentication Protocol http://www.santronics.com
20031218 19:25:29 000000c0 S: 250 Ok
20031218 19:25:29 000000c0 C: HELO localhost
20031218 19:25:29 000000c0 S: 250 cia.zemos.net
20031218 19:25:29 000000c0 C: MAIL FROM: <>
20031218 19:25:29 000000c0 S: 250 Ok
20031218 19:25:29 000000c0 C: RCPT TO: <millenix@zemos.net>
20031218 19:25:29 000000c0 S: 250 Ok
20031218 19:25:29 000000c0 C: RCPT TO:
<wcsap-openrelay-test-123sxa23@alqwejad.com>
20031218 19:25:34 000000c0 S: 554
<wcsap-openrelay-test-123sxa23@alqwejad.com>: Recipient address rejected:
Relay access denied
20031218 19:25:34 000000c0 C: QUIT
20031218 19:25:34 000000c0 result : 250
20031218 19:25:34 000000c0 wcsap finish (6339 msecs)

Workng great.

Can't explain other than it looks like someone updated their system!
Maybe my network DNS at HQ has a problem.   lets run it from the production
site:

L:\wc5>wcrun -r wcsap "&debug=1&from=<millenix@zemos.net>&ip=204.127.198.39"

20031218 19:29:06 0001acc1 -------------------------------------
20031218 19:29:06 0001acc1 version: 1.42 / 1.42
20031218 19:29:06 0001acc1 cmd    : MAIL FROM
20031218 19:29:06 0001acc1 method : WCSAP
20031218 19:29:06 0001acc1 uid    : 0
20031218 19:29:06 0001acc1 ip     : 204.127.198.39
20031218 19:29:06 0001acc1 cdn    :
20031218 19:29:06 0001acc1 hdn    :
20031218 19:29:06 0001acc1 rbl    : 0
20031218 19:29:06 0001acc1 relay  : 0
20031218 19:29:06 0001acc1 from   : <millenix@zemos.net>
20031218 19:29:06 0001acc1 filter : test
20031218 19:29:06 0001acc1 result : 0
20031218 19:29:06 0001acc1 total mx records: 4
20031218 19:29:06 0001acc1 trying mx: cia.zemos.net ip: 64.203.5.232
20031218 19:29:06 0001acc1 # connecting to 64.203.5.232
20031218 19:29:07 0001acc1 S: 220 cia.zemos.net SMTP DAEMON
20031218 19:29:07 0001acc1 C: NOOP WCSAP v1.42 Wildcat! Sender
Authentication Protocol http://www.santronics.com
20031218 19:29:07 0001acc1 S: 250 Ok
20031218 19:29:07 0001acc1 C: HELO mail.winserver.com
20031218 19:29:07 0001acc1 S: 250 cia.zemos.net
20031218 19:29:07 0001acc1 C: MAIL FROM: <>
20031218 19:29:07 0001acc1 S: 250 Ok
20031218 19:29:11 0001acc1 C: RCPT TO: <millenix@zemos.net>
20031218 19:29:11 0001acc1 S: 250 Ok
20031218 19:29:11 0001acc1 C: RCPT TO:
<wcsap-openrelay-test-123sxa23@alqwejad.com>
20031218 19:29:16 0001acc1 S: 554
<wcsap-openrelay-test-123sxa23@alqwejad.com>: Recipient address rejected:
Relay access denied
20031218 19:29:16 0001acc1 C: QUIT
20031218 19:29:16 0001acc1 result : 250
20031218 19:29:16 0001acc1 wcsap finish

No problem.   Oh well! <g>

-- Hector


----- Original Message ----- 
From: "Markus Stumpf" <maex-lists-spam-ietf-asrg@Space.Net>
To: "Hector Santos" <winserver.support@winserver.com>
Cc: "Philip Miller" <millenix@zemos.net>; "ASRG" <asrg@ietf.org>
Sent: Thursday, December 18, 2003 6:52 PM
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 0. General - For Hector Santos


> On Thu, Dec 18, 2003 at 06:41:37PM -0500, Hector Santos wrote:
> > Sorry, NO PTR RECORD FOR ZEMOS.NET
> > You ain't GETTING IN! PERIOD!
>
> Just out of curiosity.
> What would you expect a "PTR record for ZEMOS.NET" to look like?
>
>  \Maex
>
> -- 
> SpaceNet AG            | Joseph-Dollinger-Bogen 14 | Fon: +49 (89) 32356-0
> Research & Development |       D-80807 Muenchen    | Fax: +49 (89)
32356-299
> "The security, stability and reliability of a computer system is
reciprocally
>  proportional to the amount of vacuity between the ears of the admin"
>
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg
>



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Subject: Re: [Asrg] 0. General - For Hector Santos
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On Thu, Dec 18, 2003 at 07:39:29PM -0500, Hector Santos wrote:
> A domain name pointer record?

And what would that be?

> Lets use NT's NSLOOKUP:
> WC5 L:\wc5>nslookup -querytype=ptr zemos.net
> Server:  ns.santronics.com
> Address:  208.247.131.10
> 
> *** No domain name pointer (PTR) records available for zemos.net

What you are doing here is nonsense.
PTR records do the mapping from IP addresses to hostnames. I.e. you get
a connection from 195.30.0.8 then you lookup the PTR record for
    8.0.30.195.in-addr.arpa
and you get   mail.space.net.
A PTR record can be thought of as the reverse of an A(ddress) record.

moebius2.space.net(1:4725) $ nslookup -querytype=ptr winserver.com
Server:  ns2.Space.Net
Address:  195.30.0.2
*** No domain name pointer (PTR) records available for winserver.com

So you expect others to have records that you don't have yourself?

	\Maex

-- 
SpaceNet AG            | Joseph-Dollinger-Bogen 14 | Fon: +49 (89) 32356-0
Research & Development |       D-80807 Muenchen    | Fax: +49 (89) 32356-299
"The security, stability and reliability of a computer system is reciprocally
 proportional to the amount of vacuity between the ears of the admin"

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Yo Markus,  what's up this?  I sent my reply to the list and direct to you.
The bounce can back immediately from you:

The message can not be sent to recipient:

   maex-lists-spam-ietf-asrg@Space.Net

Reason: A transaction failure was reported by remote server:

  "553 Blocked (ip=208.247.131.9; date=20031211) Your mailserver is sending
spam/UCE, probably an open relay. See http://www.space.net/abuse/rbl/"

What does http://www.space.net/abuse/rbl/ have anything to do my address?
I see this is foriegn site.  The information is completely wrong.  I hope
you correct this ASAP.  I don't take this very lightly.

-- Hector



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Subject: Re: [Asrg] 0. General - For Hector Santos
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Hector Santos wrote:
> Well lets see:
> 
> A message (from <millenix@zemos.net>) was received at 18 Dec 2003 23:10:09
> +0000.
> 
> The following addresses had delivery problems:
> 
> <winserver.support@winserver.com>
>  Permanent Failure: Other address status
>  Delivery last attempted at Thu, 18 Dec 2003 23:10:23 -0000
> 
> Useless information..  Lets look further.  Here is your session:
> 
> **************************************************************************
> Wildcat! SMTP Server v5.7.450.9b10
> SMTP log started at Thu, 18 Dec 2003  18:10:54
> Connection Time  : 20031218 18:10:51
> Client IP Address: 204.127.198.39 (unknown)
> SSL Enabled: NO
> 18:10:54 S: 220 winserver.com Wildcat! ESMTP Server v5.7.450.9b10 ready
> 18:10:54 C: EHLO rwcrmhc13.comcast.net
> 18:10:54 S: 250-winserver.com, Pleased to meet you.
> 18:10:54 S: 250-SIZE 5120000
> 18:10:54 S: 250-ETRN
> 18:10:54 S: 250-AUTH CRAM-MD5 LOGIN PLAIN PLAIN-MD5 SHA-1
> 18:10:54 S: 250-AUTH=LOGIN
> 18:10:54 S: 250 HELP
> 18:10:54 C: MAIL FROM:<millenix@zemos.net> SIZE=2960
> 18:11:04 ** WCX Process: wcsap  ret: 552
> 18:11:04 S: 552 Return Path not verifiable!
> 18:11:04 C: RSET
> 18:11:04 S: 250 Reset State
> 18:11:05 C: QUIT
> 18:11:05 S: 221 closing connection
> 
> 
> Your path was not verifier. Now lets look at WCSAP log:
> 
> 20031218 18:10:54 0001ac00 -------------------------------------
> 20031218 18:10:54 0001ac00 version: 1.42 / 1.36
> 20031218 18:10:54 0001ac00 cmd    : MAIL FROM
> 20031218 18:10:54 0001ac00 method : WCSAP
> 20031218 18:10:54 0001ac00 uid    : 0
> 20031218 18:10:54 0001ac00 ip     : 204.127.198.39
> 20031218 18:10:54 0001ac00 cdn    : rwcrmhc13.comcast.net
> 20031218 18:10:54 0001ac00 hdn    :
> 20031218 18:10:54 0001ac00 rbl    : 0
> 20031218 18:10:54 0001ac00 relay  : 0
> 20031218 18:10:54 0001ac00 from   : <millenix@zemos.net>
> 20031218 18:10:54 0001ac00 filter : test
> 20031218 18:10:54 0001ac00 result : 0
> 20031218 18:11:04 0001ac00 no ptr record - rejected
> 20031218 18:11:04 0001ac00 SMTP response code: 552
> 20031218 18:11:04 0001ac00 wcsap finish
> 20031218 18:12:05 0001ac01 -------------------------------------
> 
> Sorry, NO PTR RECORD FOR ZEMOS.NET
> 
> You ain't GETTING IN! PERIOD!

Looking at this log, something is unclear to me. Are you connecting to the 
comcast.net server that's connected to you, or are you connecting to a 
query-returned MX for zemos.net? Your manual tests in your later response to 
Markus indicate that you're checking against zemos.net, but that's not 
explicit here. In fact, I see no mention of zemos.net in the WSCAP log other 
than in my address.
What exact DNS queries are you making, what connections are you opening, and 
what commands are you sending? I'm not about to tell all of the other 
zemos.net MX operators to log SMTP transactions to debug your broken 
software. If you're connecting to the comcast.net server in an attempt to 
verify the return path, that's WRONG! If it accepted mail for zemos.net, it 
would be an open relay.

Philip Miller

P.S.: There is 1 'L' in my given name.


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From: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 6. Proposals: MTA MARK vs port 25 filtering?
In-reply-to: <20031218225320.GA68195@Space.Net>
To: Markus Stumpf <maex-lists-spam-ietf-asrg@Space.Net>
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Markus Stumpf wrote:
> On Thu, Dec 18, 2003 at 05:24:23PM -0500, David Maxwell wrote:
> 
>>Markus Stumpf <maex-lists-spam-ietf-asrg@Space.Net> wrote:
>>
>>>But with the presumption of innocence each one should be allowed to send
>>>a mail to another person on the internet without some authority blocking
>>>it by default "just because".
>>
>>Is the ability to send SMTP email a right, or a privilege?
> 
> 
> Is the ability to drop a letter in a postbox a right, or a privilege?
> And what is the difference to a drivers license?
> 

What you are refering is commonly known as the "end to end" principle. A 
quote from an IAB draft is relevant here 
(http://www.iab.org/documents/drafts/draft-iab-e2e-futures-04.txt):

>   While the end to end principle does not require that users implicitly trust 
>   each other, the lack of trust in the Internet today requires that application      
>   and system designers make a choice about how to handle authentication, whereas 
>   that choice was rarely apparent 15 years ago. One of the most common examples 
>   of network elements interposing between end hosts are those dedicated to 
>   security: firewalls, VPN tunnel endpoints, certificate servers, etc. These 
>   intermediaries are designed to protect the network from unimpeded attack or to 
>   allow two end nodes whose users may have no inherent reason to trust each other 
>   to achieve some level of authentication. At the same time, these measures act 
>   as impediments for end to end communications.

and the IAB's view on the matter:

>   Third party trust intermediaries 
>   are not a requirement for security, as end to end security mechanisms, such at 
>   PGP [15], can be used instead, and where third party measures such as PKI 
>   infrastructure or keys in DNS are utilized to exchange keying material, they 
>   don't necessarily impinge on end to end traffic after authentication has been 
>   achieved. Even if third parties are involved, ultimately it is up to the 
>   endpoints and their users in particular, to determine which third parties they 
>   trust. 

Yakov
-------
Yakov Shafranovich / asrg <at> shaftek.org
SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc. / research <at> solidmatrix.com
"Power tends to corrupt, and absolute power corrupts absolutely" (Lord 
Acton)
-------


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Subject: Re: [Asrg] 0. General - For Markus
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Hector,
Could you publish the exact algorithm your software is currently using to do 
return-path verification? Hopefully, this isn't some sort of trade secret. 
Publishing this would make it much clearer to us what exactly it's testing, 
as I don't recall you're ever said that explicitly.

Thanks,
Philip Miller


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Subject: Re: [Asrg] 0. General - For Markus
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Hector Santos wrote:
> First thing first, what  is nonsense is to first CORRECT your god damn
> BLACKLIST and remove our ADDRESS from that RBL list!
> 

Keep it civilized folks.

Yakov


-------
Yakov Shafranovich / asrg <at> shaftek.org
SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc. / research <at> solidmatrix.com
"But in this world nothing can be said to be certain, except death and 
taxes" (Benjamin Franklin)
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----- Original Message ----- 
> > Your path was not verifier. Now lets look at WCSAP log:
> >
> > 20031218 18:10:54 0001ac00 -------------------------------------
> > 20031218 18:10:54 0001ac00 version: 1.42 / 1.36
> > 20031218 18:10:54 0001ac00 cmd    : MAIL FROM
> > 20031218 18:10:54 0001ac00 method : WCSAP
> > 20031218 18:10:54 0001ac00 uid    : 0
> > 20031218 18:10:54 0001ac00 ip     : 204.127.198.39
> > 20031218 18:10:54 0001ac00 cdn    : rwcrmhc13.comcast.net
> > 20031218 18:10:54 0001ac00 hdn    :
> > 20031218 18:10:54 0001ac00 rbl    : 0
> > 20031218 18:10:54 0001ac00 relay  : 0
> > 20031218 18:10:54 0001ac00 from   : <millenix@zemos.net>
> > 20031218 18:10:54 0001ac00 filter : test
> > 20031218 18:10:54 0001ac00 result : 0
> > 20031218 18:11:04 0001ac00 no ptr record - rejected
> > 20031218 18:11:04 0001ac00 SMTP response code: 552
> > 20031218 18:11:04 0001ac00 wcsap finish
> > 20031218 18:12:05 0001ac01 -------------------------------------
> >
> > Sorry, NO PTR RECORD FOR ZEMOS.NET
> >
> > You ain't GETTING IN! PERIOD!
>
> Looking at this log, something is unclear to me. Are you connecting to the
> comcast.net server that's connected to you, or are you connecting to a
> query-returned MX for zemos.net? Your manual tests in your later response
to
> Markus indicate that you're checking against zemos.net, but that's not
> explicit here. In fact, I see no mention of zemos.net in the WSCAP log
other
> than in my address.

Good point. I'll make sure its logged better.    The PTR logging was
incorrect. I copied some PTR lookup (not used yet) logging code.  It was an
DNS MX lookup error that was returned. It a NX_DOMAIN DNS error (non
existent domain).   I can't explain why it happen that one time, but it
seems ok now.  I think it might have been a timeout.   As you can see there
was a 10 second delay in the response.   I need to increase this timeout.
That will resolve it.

> What exact DNS queries are you making, what connections are you opening,
and
> what commands are you sending? I'm not about to tell all of the other
> zemos.net MX operators to log SMTP transactions to debug your broken
> software.

Oh, and you think you can write better software than I?   What have you out
there?   Don't get go buddy.

>  If you're connecting to the comcast.net server in an attempt to
> verify the return path, that's WRONG! If it accepted mail for zemos.net,
it
> would be an open relay.

Look,  the DOMAIN PART of your return address, ZEMOS..NET is used for the
verification.  Thats obvious ok?

rwcrmhc13.comcast.net is the client domain provided by your MTA at the
HELO/EHLO state.  It is just logged in wcSAP and will be used in the future
when the SMTP specs are tighten.

> Philip Miller
>
> P.S.: There is 1 'L' in my given name.

Sorry.  I'll make sure to remember there is one 'l' in your given name.

PS:   Why are you an A-HOLES!?   No wonder nothing is getting DONE!!
Anyone who tries to contributes GETS shot down with ad-nuisance rhetoric.
Maybe if you shit and get off the pot and WRITE SOME BETTER SOFTWARE with
all the EXPERTISE you speak of, then maybe the world would be better off
with PHIL-WARE!



_______________________________________________
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From: "Hector Santos" <winserver.support@winserver.com>
To: "Anti-Spam" <asrg@ietf.org>
References: <3FE2340B.8070605@solidmatrix.com> <3FE235A5.30509@zemos.net> <004201c3c5c0$7c137af0$6401a8c0@FAMILY> <20031218235222.GB68195@Space.Net> <005301c3c5c8$91422c70$6401a8c0@FAMILY> <20031219004720.GA73579@Space.Net> <000b01c3c5ce$15b0d0b0$6401a8c0@FAMILY> <3FE2547C.5090301@zemos.net>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 0. General - For Markus
Organization: Santronics Software, Inc
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This is getting really ridiculous here.  What/who do we have here?  Where
are the developers?   Where are the vendors?    We can't leave this to the
whims of people like you!

I made it PERFECTLY PLAIN AND CLEAR in the many messages here what steps and
add-valued functionality was added to enhanced the results.

1)  RFC 2821 compliancy test by using compliant SMTP-BASED callback on the
RETURN PATH provided by the client.

2) Add-value:  Open Relay Test

Now, the only PART that was weak about the SMTP-BASE callback was the
TIMEOUT as you saw with your system.   I need to relax it more per the
recommendation in the spec.   The CALLBACK was designed to be fast.   One or
two mishaps is should not throw the baby with the bath water.  Not when its
knocking off over 85% of the spoofing spammers!

-- Hector


----- Original Message ----- 
From: "Philip Miller" <millenix@zemos.net>
To: "Hector Santos" <winserver.support@winserver.com>
Cc: "Anti-Spam" <asrg@ietf.org>
Sent: Thursday, December 18, 2003 8:29 PM
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 0. General - For Markus


> Hector,
> Could you publish the exact algorithm your software is currently using to
do
> return-path verification? Hopefully, this isn't some sort of trade secret.
> Publishing this would make it much clearer to us what exactly it's
testing,
> as I don't recall you're ever said that explicitly.
>
> Thanks,
> Philip Miller
>
>



_______________________________________________
Asrg mailing list
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https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg



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From: "Dr. Jeffrey Race" <jrace@attglobal.net>
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] 0. General - For Hector Santos
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On Thu, 18 Dec 2003 20:44:32 -0500, Hector Santos wrote:

>Maybe if you shit 

Sir, your message lacks both elegance and precision.  Please refer
to a good style guide :)

Jeffrey Race


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On Thu, Dec 18, 2003 at 07:50:58PM -0500, Hector Santos wrote:
> Yo Markus,  what's up this?  I sent my reply to the list and direct to you.
> The bounce can back immediately from you:

Our mailserver is fast.

> The message can not be sent to recipient:
>    maex-lists-spam-ietf-asrg@Space.Net
> Reason: A transaction failure was reported by remote server:
>   "553 Blocked (ip=208.247.131.9; date=20031211) Your mailserver is sending
> spam/UCE, probably an open relay. See http://www.space.net/abuse/rbl/"
> 
> What does http://www.space.net/abuse/rbl/ have anything to do my address?
> I see this is foriegn site.  The information is completely wrong.  I hope
> you correct this ASAP.  I don't take this very lightly.

I'd recommend you get better glasses then.
My eMail-adress ends in  @space.net  and the information for blocked
hosts is at   http://www.SPACE.NET/abuse/rbl/  because we run our own
DNSDBL. You notice the identical domain names in the URL and the email
address, do you?

Your host was automatically blocked because it tried to relay bounces
through our server for a domain alqwejad.com that is neither delegated
to that server nor does it exist at all:
    Dec 10 01:12:50 ntbbs.winserver.com:208.247.131.9
	rejected: <> to <wcsap-openrelay-test-123sxa23@alqwejad.com>
	relaying denied
    Dec 10 01:21:13 ntbbs.winserver.com:208.247.131.9
	rejected: <> to <wcsap-openrelay-test-123sxa23@alqwejad.com>
	relaying denied

We don't like this, so hosts behaving that way get blocked.

--------------------------

Btw, you are rejecting mails from me also, not only from the others:
----------------
Hi. This is the qmail-send program at moebius2.Space.Net.
I'm afraid I wasn't able to deliver your message to the following addresses.
This is a permanent error; I've given up. Sorry it didn't work out.

<winserver.support@winserver.com>:
Connected to 208.247.131.9 but sender was rejected.
Remote host said: 552 Return Path not verifiable!
----------------

$ host -t mx space.net
space.net mail is handled (pri=12801) by moebius.space.net
$ host -t a moebius.space.net   
moebius.space.net has address 195.30.1.25
$ host -t ptr 25.1.30.195.in-addr.arpa
25.1.30.195.in-addr.arpa domain name pointer moebius.Space.Net

$ host -t a moebius2.space.net
moebius2.space.net has address 195.30.1.100
$ host -t ptr 100.1.30.195.in-addr.arpa
100.1.30.195.in-addr.arpa domain name pointer moebius2.Space.Net

Your software is fsck'ed up beyond recognition it seems. And your lame
arguments about "new code" are even lamer in the light of your 20 years
of experience in mailserver programming. You should have already learnt
in at most 20 days not to test broken code in production environments.

*> Maybe if you shit and get off the pot and WRITE SOME BETTER SOFTWARE with   
*> all the EXPERTISE you speak of, then maybe the world would be better off
*> with PHIL-WARE!

I'd think I'll always prefer PHIL-WARE to your "better software".

	\Maex

P.S. In the case you're wondering ... no I will not remove the block for
     your broken mailserver. Who knows what else is broken and can be
     exploited.
P.P.S. A well meant advice: Before you tell the next person to get of
     the pot you should remember: http://www.google.com/ might be your
     friend.

-- 
SpaceNet AG            | Joseph-Dollinger-Bogen 14 | Fon: +49 (89) 32356-0
Research & Development |       D-80807 Muenchen    | Fax: +49 (89) 32356-299
"The security, stability and reliability of a computer system is reciprocally
 proportional to the amount of vacuity between the ears of the admin"

_______________________________________________
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] 0. General - For Hector Santos
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My apology.  I know better.  I rolled up my sleeves there for a minute. :-)

Thanks for the chill pill.

-- Hector


----- Original Message ----- 
From: "Dr. Jeffrey Race" <jrace@attglobal.net>
To: <asrg@ietf.org>
Sent: Friday, December 19, 2003 9:00 AM
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 0. General - For Hector Santos


> On Thu, 18 Dec 2003 20:44:32 -0500, Hector Santos wrote:
> 
> >Maybe if you shit 
> 
> Sir, your message lacks both elegance and precision.  Please refer
> to a good style guide :)
> 
> Jeffrey Race
> 
> 
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg
> 


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Hector Santos wrote:
> ----- Original Message ----- 
> 
>>>Your path was not verifier. Now lets look at WCSAP log:
>>>
>>>20031218 18:10:54 0001ac00 -------------------------------------
>>>20031218 18:10:54 0001ac00 version: 1.42 / 1.36
>>>20031218 18:10:54 0001ac00 cmd    : MAIL FROM
>>>20031218 18:10:54 0001ac00 method : WCSAP
>>>20031218 18:10:54 0001ac00 uid    : 0
>>>20031218 18:10:54 0001ac00 ip     : 204.127.198.39
>>>20031218 18:10:54 0001ac00 cdn    : rwcrmhc13.comcast.net
>>>20031218 18:10:54 0001ac00 hdn    :
>>>20031218 18:10:54 0001ac00 rbl    : 0
>>>20031218 18:10:54 0001ac00 relay  : 0
>>>20031218 18:10:54 0001ac00 from   : <millenix@zemos.net>
>>>20031218 18:10:54 0001ac00 filter : test
>>>20031218 18:10:54 0001ac00 result : 0
>>>20031218 18:11:04 0001ac00 no ptr record - rejected
>>>20031218 18:11:04 0001ac00 SMTP response code: 552
>>>20031218 18:11:04 0001ac00 wcsap finish
>>>20031218 18:12:05 0001ac01 -------------------------------------
>>>
>>>Sorry, NO PTR RECORD FOR ZEMOS.NET
>>>
>>>You ain't GETTING IN! PERIOD!
>>
>> Looking at this log, something is unclear to me. Are you connecting to
>> the comcast.net server that's connected to you, or are you connecting
>> to a query-returned MX for zemos.net? Your manual tests in your later
>> response to Markus indicate that you're checking against zemos.net, but
>> that's not explicit here. In fact, I see no mention of zemos.net in the
>> WSCAP log other than in my address.
> 
> Good point. I'll make sure its logged better.    The PTR logging was
> incorrect. I copied some PTR lookup (not used yet) logging code.  It was an
> DNS MX lookup error that was returned. It a NX_DOMAIN DNS error (non
> existent domain).   I can't explain why it happen that one time, but it
> seems ok now.  I think it might have been a timeout.   As you can see there
> was a 10 second delay in the response.   I need to increase this timeout.
> That will resolve it.
> 
>> What exact DNS queries are you making, what connections are you
>> opening, and what commands are you sending? I'm not about to tell all
>> of the other zemos.net MX operators to log SMTP transactions to debug
>> your broken software.
> 
> Oh, and you think you can write better software than I?   What have you out
> there?   Don't get go buddy.

I said no such thing. The log message you posted gave no indication that 
WCSAP received the response NXDOMAIN. Thus, I assumed that it made the 
connection that one would expect (to a zemos.net MX) and the verification 
failed there.

>> If you're connecting to the comcast.net server in an attempt to verify
>> the return path, that's WRONG! If it accepted mail for zemos.net, it 
>> would be an open relay.
> 
> Look,  the DOMAIN PART of your return address, ZEMOS.NET is used for the
> verification.  Thats obvious ok?
> 
> rwcrmhc13.comcast.net is the client domain provided by your MTA at the
> HELO/EHLO state.  It is just logged in wcSAP and will be used in the future
> when the SMTP specs are tighten.

I see that, but it was something I had to ask, since your log output didn't 
indicate it explicitly.

>>Philip Miller
>>
>>P.S.: There is 1 'L' in my given name.
> 
> Sorry.  I'll make sure to remember there is one 'l' in your given name.

No memory required. It appears in the headers of every email I send.

> PS:   Why are you an A-HOLES!?   No wonder nothing is getting DONE!!
> Anyone who tries to contributes GETS shot down with ad-nuisance rhetoric.
> Maybe if you shit and get off the pot and WRITE SOME BETTER SOFTWARE with
> all the EXPERTISE you speak of, then maybe the world would be better off
> with PHIL-WARE!

There's no question in my mind that the software you are writing is useful 
and is an improvement over many other things on the market or freely available.
Look at it this way: You're writing commercial software. We are debugging 
edge cases in your software for free. I understand that the DNS failure we 
just witnessed was an odd anomaly that your software couldn't have done 
anything to prevent. However, its log output didn't indicate that anomalous 
result, but something else.
This isn't about who's smarter. It's about reducing spam through 
technological means.

Yes, I made remarks I shouldn't have, and I regret that. We don't need 
personal remarks on this list.

Philip Miller


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Date: Thu, 18 Dec 2003 21:42:01 -0500
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Markus

----- Original Message ----- 

> On Thu, Dec 18, 2003 at 07:50:58PM -0500, Hector Santos wrote:
> > Yo Markus,  what's up this?  I sent my reply to the list and direct to
you.
> > The bounce can back immediately from you:
>
> Our mailserver is fast.

Good try, but this is nonsense. (How do you like those apples? <g>)

It was our SERVER who attempted to to deliver to your
maex-lists-spam-ietf-asrg@Space.Net
at space.net.  Your refusal 553 response code caused our server to send an
immediate response to back to me.   If you had issued an 45x code, our
server would of put it into a queue.

> I'd recommend you get better glasses then.
> My eMail-adress ends in  @space.net  and the information for blocked
> hosts is at   http://www.SPACE.NET/abuse/rbl/  because we run our own
> DNSDBL. You notice the identical domain names in the URL and the email
> address, do you?

Huh?   Is this language thing?

> Your host was automatically blocked because it tried to relay bounces
> through our server for a domain alqwejad.com that is neither delegated
> to that server nor does it exist at all:
>
>     Dec 10 01:12:50 ntbbs.winserver.com:208.247.131.9
>  rejected: <> to <wcsap-openrelay-test-123sxa23@alqwejad.com>
>  relaying denied
>     Dec 10 01:21:13 ntbbs.winserver.com:208.247.131.9
>  rejected: <> to <wcsap-openrelay-test-123sxa23@alqwejad.com>
>  relaying denied

That is our WCSAP OPEN RELAY test on your system to see if YOU were a
spammer because YOU were trying to send mail to US!!!  We were not sending
mail to you!

> We don't like this, so hosts behaving that way get blocked.

I'm afraid you are black listing for all the wrong reasons. You need to get
your facts STRAIGHT by understanding your system first!

> Btw, you are rejecting mails from me also, not only from the others:

> Hi. This is the qmail-send program at moebius2.Space.Net.
> I'm afraid I wasn't able to deliver your message to the following
addresses.
> This is a permanent error; I've given up. Sorry it didn't work out.
>
> <winserver.support@winserver.com>:
> Connected to 208.247.131.9 but sender was rejected.
> Remote host said: 552 Return Path not verifiable!
> ----------------

well, lets see.

E:\logs\split>grep -li "space.net" wcsap*.log
File wcsap20031209.log:

The first contact was on the 9th which validated a message you were sending
to me.  It worked fine.
Your stupid system rejected the relay test as it should.  Again, YOU WERE
SENDING A MESSAGE TO US.  We were NOT sending to you!

20031209 19:13 000122cf -------------------------------------
20031209 19:13 000122cf version: 1.39 / 1.35
20031209 19:13 000122cf cmd    : MAIL FROM
20031209 19:13 000122cf method : WCSAP
20031209 19:13 000122cf uid    : 0
20031209 19:13 000122cf ip     : 195.30.1.100
20031209 19:13 000122cf cdn    : moebius2.space.net
20031209 19:13 000122cf hdn    :
20031209 19:13 000122cf rbl    : 0
20031209 19:13 000122cf relay  : 0
20031209 19:13 000122cf from   : <maex@space.net>
20031209 19:13 000122cf trying mx: moebius.space.net ip: 195.30.1.25
20031209 19:13 000122cf # connecting to 195.30.1.25
20031209 19:13 000122cf S: 220 moebius.space.net ESMTP
20031209 19:13 000122cf C: NOOP WCSAP v1.39 Wildcat! Sender Authentication
Protocol http://www.santronics.com
20031209 19:13 000122cf S: 250 ok
20031209 19:13 000122cf C: HELO mail.winserver.com
20031209 19:13 000122cf S: 250 moebius.space.net
20031209 19:13 000122cf C: MAIL FROM: <>
20031209 19:13 000122cf S: 250 ok
20031209 19:13 000122cf C: RCPT TO: <maex@space.net>
20031209 19:13 000122cf S: 250 ok
20031209 19:13 000122cf C: RCPT TO:
<wcsap-openrelay-test-123sxa23@alqwejad.com>
20031209 19:13 000122cf S: 553 sorry, that domain isn't in my list of
allowed rcpthosts (#5.7.1)
20031209 19:13 000122cf C: QUIT
20031209 19:13 000122cf result : 250
20031209 19:13 000122cf wcsap finish

20031209 19:21 000122e8 -------------------------------------
20031209 19:21 000122e8 version: 1.39 / 1.35
20031209 19:21 000122e8 cmd    : MAIL FROM
20031209 19:21 000122e8 method : WCSAP
20031209 19:21 000122e8 uid    : 0
20031209 19:21 000122e8 ip     : 195.30.1.100
20031209 19:21 000122e8 cdn    : moebius2.space.net
20031209 19:21 000122e8 hdn    :
20031209 19:21 000122e8 rbl    : 0
20031209 19:21 000122e8 relay  : 0
20031209 19:21 000122e8 from   : <maex@space.net>
20031209 19:21 000122e8 trying mx: moebius.space.net ip: 195.30.1.25
20031209 19:21 000122e8 # connecting to 195.30.1.25
20031209 19:21 000122e8 S: 220 moebius.space.net ESMTP
20031209 19:21 000122e8 C: NOOP WCSAP v1.39 Wildcat! Sender Authentication
Protocol http://www.santronics.com
20031209 19:21 000122e8 S: 250 ok
20031209 19:21 000122e8 C: HELO mail.winserver.com
20031209 19:21 000122e8 S: 250 moebius.space.net
20031209 19:21 000122e8 C: MAIL FROM: <>
20031209 19:21 000122e8 S: 250 ok
20031209 19:21 000122e8 C: RCPT TO: <maex@space.net>
20031209 19:21 000122e8 S: 250 ok
20031209 19:21 000122e8 C: RCPT TO:
<wcsap-openrelay-test-123sxa23@alqwejad.com>
20031209 19:21 000122e8 S: 553 sorry, that domain isn't in my list of
allowed rcpthosts (#5.7.1)
20031209 19:21 000122e8 C: QUIT
20031209 19:21 000122e8 result : 250
20031209 19:21 000122e8 wcsap finish
20031209 19:22 000122e9 -------------------------------------

Two contacts.  The next time was the 18th (today)

20031218 18:53:06 0001ac47 -------------------------------------
20031218 18:53:06 0001ac47 version: 1.42 / 1.36
20031218 18:53:06 0001ac47 cmd    : MAIL FROM
20031218 18:53:06 0001ac47 method : WCSAP
20031218 18:53:06 0001ac47 uid    : 0
20031218 18:53:06 0001ac47 ip     : 195.30.1.100
20031218 18:53:06 0001ac47 cdn    : moebius2.space.net
20031218 18:53:06 0001ac47 hdn    :
20031218 18:53:06 0001ac47 rbl    : 0
20031218 18:53:06 0001ac47 relay  : 0
20031218 18:53:06 0001ac47 from   : <maex@space.net>
20031218 18:53:06 0001ac47 filter : test
20031218 18:53:06 0001ac47 result : 0
20031218 18:53:12 0001ac47 total mx records: 1
20031218 18:53:12 0001ac47 trying mx: moebius.space.net ip: 195.30.1.25
20031218 18:53:12 0001ac47 # connecting to 195.30.1.25
20031218 18:53:13 0001ac47 S: 220 rblsmtpd.local
20031218 18:53:13 0001ac47 C: NOOP WCSAP v1.42 Wildcat! Sender
Authentication Protocol http://www.santronics.com
20031218 18:53:13 0001ac47 S: 250 rblsmtpd.local
20031218 18:53:13 0001ac47 C: HELO mail.winserver.com
20031218 18:53:13 0001ac47 S: 250 rblsmtpd.local
20031218 18:53:13 0001ac47 C: MAIL FROM: <>
20031218 18:53:13 0001ac47 S: 250 rblsmtpd.local
20031218 18:53:13 0001ac47 C: RCPT TO: <maex@space.net>
20031218 18:53:13 0001ac47 S: 553 Blocked (ip=208.247.131.9; date=20031211)
Your mailserver is sending spam/UCE, probably an open relay. See
http://www.space.net/abuse/rbl/
20031218 18:53:13 0001ac47 C: QUIT
20031218 18:53:14 0001ac47 result : 553
20031218 18:53:14 0001ac47 SMTP response code: 552
20031218 18:53:14 0001ac47 wcsap finish
20031218 18:53:45 0001ac49 -------------------------------------

where you blocked it, hence your system will bounce your mail to NO-WHERE
because it will never GET here!

Your software is so stupid,  you have us BLOCKED,   yet you tried to send
mail to us??!! Huh? Doesn't make sense does it?   Maybe your RBL should be
BOTH WAYS?

Simply put,  YOUR mail that you are trying to send to US, NOT us to YOU,
will never get here!

> Your software is fsck'ed up beyond recognition it seems.

Get your facts straight about who's software is f$%ked up.   Your server is
stupid!  Its so dumb it probably has EVERYONE in europe blacklisted, and
yet, what is SO funny,  it is YOUR ATTEMPT to send mail that is causing it!
Not ME!  I am not sending mail to you, you paper hat!

> And your lame
> arguments about "new code" are even lamer in the light of your 20 years
> of experience in mailserver programming. You should have already learnt
> in at most 20 days not to test broken code in production environments.

Oh, I've put out production code in 1 hour without FAIL!!  Have you?  Its
called experience buddy!

There is nothing wrong with the code.   Whatt's going is your idiotic
BLACKLISTER.  Why are you trying to send mail to me in the first place if we
are blacklisted?   Talk about what comes first, the chicken or the egg?

Hey, no problem here.  You are just lucky you across the pond!

-- Hector



_______________________________________________
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Asrg@ietf.org
https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg



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From: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 0. General - For Hector Santos
In-reply-to: <001a01c3c5d1$a80bfae0$6401a8c0@FAMILY>
To: Hector Santos <winserver.support@winserver.com>
Cc: Philip Miller <millenix@zemos.net>, John R Levine <asrg@taugh.com>,
        ASRG <asrg@ietf.org>
Message-id: <3FE264AA.1080705@solidmatrix.com>
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Hector,

COOL IT! If you have personal remarks of this nature to make, and feel 
absolutely required to make them, do it off-list or email both co-chairs 
off-list. If you cannot maintain civilized behavior without resorting to 
flaming, than you are more than welcome to leave.

Sincerely,
Yakov Shafranovich
Co-Chair, ASRG

Hector Santos wrote:
> ----- Original Message ----- 
....
> 
>>What exact DNS queries are you making, what connections are you opening,
> 
> and
> 
>>what commands are you sending? I'm not about to tell all of the other
>>zemos.net MX operators to log SMTP transactions to debug your broken
>>software.
> 
> 
> Oh, and you think you can write better software than I?   What have you out
> there?   Don't get go buddy.
> 

....

> 
>>Philip Miller
>>
>>P.S.: There is 1 'L' in my given name.
> 
> 
> Sorry.  I'll make sure to remember there is one 'l' in your given name.
> 
> PS:   Why are you an A-HOLES!?   No wonder nothing is getting DONE!!
> Anyone who tries to contributes GETS shot down with ad-nuisance rhetoric.
> Maybe if you shit and get off the pot and WRITE SOME BETTER SOFTWARE with
> all the EXPERTISE you speak of, then maybe the world would be better off
> with PHIL-WARE!

-------
Yakov Shafranovich / asrg <at> shaftek.org
SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc. / research <at> solidmatrix.com
"Among all our enemies / The ones to be most feared are often the 
smallest" (Jean de la Fontaine)
-------


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----- Original Message ----- 
From: "Hector Santos" <winserver.support@winserver.com>
To: "Anti-Spam" <asrg@ietf.org>
Sent: Friday, December 19, 2003 3:43 AM
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: Undeliverable mail - for Markus


> Good try, but this is nonsense.

> > Your software is fsck'ed up beyond recognition it seems.
>
> Get your facts straight about who's software is f$%ked up.
> Your server is ...

<further mutual rants snipped>

Guys, can you please take it outside? :) Personal feuds should be taken
off-list.

- Mark


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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: Undeliverable mail - for Markus
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This discussion should be continued OFF-LIST. If you have problems 
sending email directly to each other, than have someone else relay it, 
or use a different system.

Sincerely,
Yakov Shafranovich
Co-Chair, ASRG

-------
Yakov Shafranovich / asrg <at> shaftek.org
SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc. / research <at> solidmatrix.com
"Power tends to corrupt, and absolute power corrupts absolutely" (Lord 
Acton)
-------


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From exim@www1.ietf.org  Thu Dec 18 22:10:46 2003
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From: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>
To: ASRG <asrg@ietf.org>
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Subject: [Asrg] 0. General - Moderation of the List
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 From RFC 2014, section 5.3:

"   Moderate the Research Group email list

       The Chair should attempt to ensure that the discussions on this
       list are relevant and that not devolve to "flame" attacks or rat-
       hole into technical trivia.  The Chair should make sure that
       discussions on the list are summarized and that the outcome is
       well documented (to avoid repetition).
"

In cases where specific group members start making frequent flame 
attacks, we may begin to moderate the posts of those members on case by 
case basis. If the flame behavior does not cease, we may choose to 
remove those members from the list.

Sincerely,
Yakov Shafranovich
Co-Chair, ASRG
-------
Yakov Shafranovich / asrg <at> shaftek.org
SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc. / research <at> solidmatrix.com
"I want to know G-d's thoughts... the rest are details" (Albert Einstein)
-------


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This could be sooo funny... "anti-spam"mers not being able to send
e-mail to each other because of their anti-spam measures... and then
fighting whose anti-spam measures are (more) broken...

Here you have proof that e-mail is being destroyed by spammers AND
anti-spammers.

PS: don't try to send me mail either :-)

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To: "Hector Santos" <winserver.support@winserver.com>
From: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 0. General - For Hector Santos
Cc: "ASRG" <asrg@ietf.org>
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At 8:44 PM -0500 12/18/03, Hector Santos wrote:
>seems ok now.  I think it might have been a timeout.   As you can see there
>was a 10 second delay in the response.   I need to increase this timeout.
>That will resolve it.

That will make it less likely.  Failures are always possible, and 
long delays as well.  True, spam is more likely to delay 
longer--legit senders tend to have better DNS servers, but it won't 
solve the problem.  What we've found is that every DNS-related test 
needs to have three exit paths--succeeded, failed, and didn't finish. 
And even failed can't always be trusted.  (Nor succeeded, if Verisign 
pops up its ugly head again.)

We use mail verification in certain limited circumstances with our 
software.  It can't be used as a definitive indicator, but it can add 
some weight to a decision.  One thing you will run into.  There are a 
quite a few auto-responders out there (including at least one 
challenge/response system) that send replies to anyone who sends them 
a RCPT TO--regardless of whether you send a DATA command.  So make 
sure your MAIL FROM is *not* the recipient of the message you are 
testing, but is a separate address that can handle spurious replies.

>rwcrmhc13.comcast.net is the client domain provided by your MTA at the
>HELO/EHLO state.  It is just logged in wcSAP and will be used in the future
>when the SMTP specs are tighten.

That particularly tightening will never happen.  At the HELO prompt 
most mail servers have absolutely no idea what domain is going to be 
used in the MAIL FROM of the message, and of course there may be 
multiple MAIL FROM's from multiple domains in a given session.  You 
could ask, and it could happen, that the domain in the HELO actually 
resolve to the machine doing the sending (although even that can be 
problematic).  But mapping it to a relationship with the MX of the 
MAIL FROM is a major architectural change.

>Maybe if you shit and get off the pot and WRITE SOME BETTER SOFTWARE with

Feel free to try it and see if you think it's better :-).
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.messagefire.com/         Next Generation Spam Defense
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/  Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.

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From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@ox.org>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] [1] Why SPAM is worse in SMTP than in other protocols 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Thu, 18 Dec 2003 08:20:40 +1100."
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"ipeter@bigpond.net.au" <ipeter@bigpond.net.au> wrote:
> Sometimes the sender intends to engage in a dialogue with the
> recipients, or request information from them. In such cases the
> sender has an intent to receive a reply. In other cases, the sender
> merely wishes to disseminate information.

  Which is (IMHO) the vast majority of spam.  Very little spam is
intended to establish an ongoing SMTP conversation.  The vast majority
is intended to distribute information through SMTP, about URL's, 1-800
numbers, or other non-SMTP response mechanisms.

  That, alone, says that the vast majority of spam is abusive of SMTP,
as SMTP is not a one-way message delivery protocol.

  If we wanted to have a one-way message delivery protocol, it would
look very different from SMTP.  Therefore, changing SMTP to make it
less useful for high-volume one-way "messaging" is probably not a bad
thing.

  Alan DeKok.

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Subject: Re: [Asrg] [1] Why SPAM is worse in SMTP than in other protocols
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Alan DeKok wrote:
>   That, alone, says that the vast majority of spam is abusive of SMTP,
> as SMTP is not a one-way message delivery protocol.

IMHO SMTP is a "move the message closer to the recipient mailbox" 
protocol. On the SMTP level there are no such thing like one-time 
one-way or two-way. (MTA is comparable to a router. And non-firewall 
routers does not know about sessions.)


And something about the subject:

SMTP compared to other protocols is more attackable because there are no 
rules assigned to email addresses while there are rules assigned to 
ports. (For example nobody can use a DNS service as an NTP service.)


z2


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From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@ox.org>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] [1] Why SPAM is worse in SMTP than in other protocols 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Sat, 20 Dec 2003 12:44:15 +0100."
             <3FE4360F.3070604@axelero.hu> 
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"Za'mbori, Zolta'n" <zamboriz@axelero.hu> wrote:
> IMHO SMTP is a "move the message closer to the recipient mailbox" 
> protocol. On the SMTP level there are no such thing like one-time 
> one-way or two-way. (MTA is comparable to a router. And non-firewall 
> routers does not know about sessions.)

  Of course.  But the *intent* behind SMTP was to enable two-way human
communication.  If the intent was to publish information only in one
direction, then the protocol would look very different.

  e.g. UDP "notification" packets, containing URL's where the
information may be found.

  The entire complexity of SMTP is there to support two-way
communication.

> SMTP compared to other protocols is more attackable because there are no 
> rules assigned to email addresses while there are rules assigned to 
> ports. (For example nobody can use a DNS service as an NTP service.)

  Ports are not protocols.  Someone can easily run DNS on the port
assigned to NTP.  This is a big problem for an IDS.  If TCP had a
"protocol" field, in addition to "src/dst port" fields, then a number
of network problems, and application insecurities could have been
avoided.

  Alan DeKok.

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From: Mark Baugher <mbaugher@cisco.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 6. Proposals - DNS + PKI - Yahoo's "Domain Keys"
Cc: Markus Stumpf <maex-lists-spam-ietf-asrg@Space.Net>, asrg@ietf.org
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References: <20031208183344.1857A16CD1@mail.nitros9.org>
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Markus,

At 12:50 PM 12/17/2003, Markus Stumpf wrote:
>On Wed, Dec 10, 2003 at 05:05:07PM -0800, Mark Baugher wrote:
> > It would not verify if the signature design was secure.  That is,
> > one should not sign a piece of the message that could be cut and
> > pasted in this way.  I have not seen anything about the signing
> > proposal to suggest that they were doing this or even signing SMTP
> > trace record.
> >
> > So yes, the problem you describe is a problem that's caused by a
> > poor signature design.
>
>The problem is that I yet have to see a signature design that will work
>and that will not be broken by a sufficiently large number of mailservers/
>features out there.

There are many alternative signature designs.  One may sign the actual
mail message, or the design could be to "sign" the TLS connection between
mail agents, for example.  Furthermore, the signature could attest
to the address or the signature could attest to the fact that a
particular mail operator forwarded the mail.  Here are four alternatives
and there may be more.

Which of these are you thinking of or are you thinking of all of them?


> > What gets signed is an open question.  This does not strike me as
> > an insurmountable problem.
>
>:-) IMHO exactly this is the problem that hasn't been solved yet.

Before going further down this path.  Is the problem that you address
concerned with adding a signature to the message and having that
message re-written in ways to invalidate the signature?

Cheers, Mark


> > I think of each message sent as a separate mail transaction that will
> > have a separate signature applied by the mail submission agent.
>
>What is the advantage then?
>I know who I am talking to directly. So the sending MTA doesn't need the
>hassle to sign the message. The MTAs could simply use TLS or a key
>exchange. The advantage of the signing is that I - as the receiver -
>can validate the signing of the original sender or - that would be fine -
>of all intermediate hosts.
>Other than that it's pretty worthless, IMHO.
>
>         \Maex
>
>--
>SpaceNet AG            | Joseph-Dollinger-Bogen 14 | Fon: +49 (89) 32356-0
>Research & Development |       D-80807 Muenchen    | Fax: +49 (89) 32356-299
>"The security, stability and reliability of a computer system is reciprocally
>  proportional to the amount of vacuity between the ears of the admin"



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Subject: [Asrg] 6. Proposals - DMP comments
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I have some comments, experience info about our DMP implementation:

I've implemented DMP into our WCSAP system as an option.  WCSAP is called
from the MAIL FROM state:

The main input variables into WCSAP

-  Connection IP (cip)
-  HELO/EHLO domain name (cdn)
-  MAIL FROM: Return Path (rp)

Output Variables:

- Mail From: Response Code
- Optional Mail From: Response String

The SMTP compatible fallback logic flow is:

- Optional, Check White/Black List  (Accept,Reject,Continue)
- Optional, Check RBL  (Accept,Reject,Continue)
- Optional, Check LMAP/DMP  (Accept,Reject,Continue)
- If Continue Perform CBV (Call Back Verifier)

Comments:

1) Clarification of the MAIL FROM: response code/response:

I am sure the author did not attempt to be strict. The administrative
usage/policies can dictate behavior and responses but section 5.5 and 5.6
should be more "clear" about the responses.   First time implementations
tend to use the "examples" provided for guidance.

5.5 Non-Participating Domain's User, Non-Participating Client where
    Server permits Non-Participating Domains

   S: 220 mail.example.net MMS SMTPRCV service v0.95
   C: HELO sender.example.com
   S: 250 mail.example.net Hello sender.example.com [192.0.2.1]
   C: MAIL FROM:<user@example.com>
   (server looks up 1.2.0.192.in-addr._smtp-client.example.com
   and returns with NXDOMAIN)
   (server looks up _smtp-client.example.com and returns NXDOMAIN)
   S: 250 OK client at 192.0.2.1 verified as sender.example.com
   [resume normally]

This is not a "verified" response.  Same with 5.6.   If you removed the
parenthetical comments, it will look and be logged as a DMP validated
success:

   S: 220 mail.example.net MMS SMTPRCV service v0.95
   C: HELO sender.example.com
   S: 250 mail.example.net Hello sender.example.com [192.0.2.1]
   C: MAIL FROM:<user@example.com>
   S: 250 OK client at 192.0.2.1 verified as sender.example.com

This is a pure fall back situation for non-compatible clients so the
response should not say it was verified.  Thats my only point about this.
This will most likely be the most common situation during the initial
deployment stages.   In our case, we will fallback to the CBV check and will
produce a response based on its result.

2) Redirected lookups:  dmp=altdomain:$ALTDOMAIN.[,$ALTDOMAIN.]

Implementers need to be careful for redundant altdomains and continues
loops.   My recommendations is to add a paragraph or comment about watching
for this situation and to suggest a MAXIMUM number of checks or a maximum X
level of redirection is allowed.

Also a note to coders, developers about how to design such a redirection:
The trick is to use a stack for the DMP lookup.

        // Push client/user dmp reverse domain addresses

        Push Client DMP Domain Address
        Push User DMP Domain Address

        Attempts = 0
        MaxCheck = 10

        // Start DMP Lookup

: NEXT

        Pop DMP Domain Address (Exit Negative if empty)
        Perform DMP lookup
        if Allow Exit Positive Result
        if ALTDOMAIN Parse and Push DMP domains (reverse order)
        if Attempts > MaxCheck Exit Negative Result
        Goto Next

and based on the proposal, the following is the truth table for the logic:

 =========================================================================
 User     Client     Result  DMP Proposal Section Description
 =========================================================================
 Allow    n/r        250     5.2   Participating Domain's User and Client
 Deny     n/r        55X
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Deny     Allow      250     5.3   Participating Domain's User, Forwarding
 Deny     Deny       55X           Service on Participating Client
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------
 <>       Allow      250     5.4   Null Reverse Path, Participating Client
 <>       Deny       55X
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------
*nxdom    nxdom      251     5.5   Non-Participating Domain's User,
                                   Non-Participating Client where Server
                                   permits Non-Participating Domains
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------
*<>       nxdom      251     5.6   Null Reverse Path, Non-Participating
                                   Client where Server permits
                                   Non-Participating Domains
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------
 SERVFAIL SERVFAIL   451     5.7   Participating Domain's User and Client
                                   where DMP lookup fails (SERVFAIL)
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------
 deny     nxdom      550     5.8   Participating Domain's User, Not
                                   Participating Domain's Client
                                   (dmp=deny, NXDOMAIN)
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------
deny     SERVFAIL   451     5.8.1 Participating Domain's User, Not
                                   Participating Domain's Client
                                   (dmp=deny, SERVFAIL)
 =========================================================================

* WcSAP Fallbacks to CBV will occur

---
Hector Santos
WINSERVER "Wildcat! Interactive Net Server"
support: http://www.winserver.com
sales: http://www.santronics.com



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Date: Sun, 21 Dec 2003 01:53:49 +0100
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On Sat, Dec 20, 2003 at 09:53:35AM -0500, Alan DeKok wrote:
>   Of course.  But the *intent* behind SMTP was to enable two-way human
> communication.

Says who?
Nearly all protocols on the Internet I know of have the itent to enable
two-way human communication. Even router protocols like BGP do.
HTTP, POP3, DNS, LDAP, FTP they all do, just like SMTP does and SMTP does
it in no way more special than any of these, except for protocols like IRC
or VoIP that are specially designed for direct two-way human interaction.

The intent with SMTP was to deliver an "electronic message" from one point
to another. As WAN links were crowded and unstable the design clearly allowed
for relaying and "backup MX" to route messages if the target host was
not directly accessible. Another name for this is a store-and-forward
system.

>   e.g. UDP "notification" packets, containing URL's where the
> information may be found.

At the time SMTP was designed URLs didn't even exist. UDP was really
unreliable and lines were as flaky as hell.

> > SMTP compared to other protocols is more attackable because there are no 
> > rules assigned to email addresses while there are rules assigned to 
> > ports. (For example nobody can use a DNS service as an NTP service.)

Surely I can use a DNS service as an NTP service.
I could even use DNS for SMTP. All necessary information can be coded
in TXT records. All you need is some protocol agreement between sender
and receiver how to transfer the SMTP protocol via DNS.

I can use SMTP to transfer all kinds of data like executable
programs, XML files, movies, sound files, ... streaming protocols could
be a bit harder to handle but not impossible.
There are services like ftp-mailer that allow FTP Archive access via
SMTP.
Just like there are services like HTTP that can be used to transport
(encoded) SMTP protocol or a lot of other protocols.

>   Ports are not protocols.  Someone can easily run DNS on the port
> assigned to NTP.  This is a big problem for an IDS.  If TCP had a
> "protocol" field, in addition to "src/dst port" fields, then a number
> of network problems, and application insecurities could have been
> avoided.

No. Nothing stops me from abusing the HTTP Protocol like in
    POST http://some.mail.server:25/			for SMTP
    POST http://some.telnet.server:23/			for telnet
    POST http://some.www.server:80/cgi-bin/telnet.emu	for telnet
As SMTP, telnet, HTTP operate at another protocol level they don't know
(and need not know) about any fields in TCP/UDP or IP packets.

The idea behind protocol stacks should show you that ports or "protocol
fields" don't say *anything* about the data contained, at best they
give information about the encoding and protocol used to transport the
data and thus it is useless. You cannot pevent users from accessing the
data of a FTP archive by blocking the FTP ports. If the data is also
available via SMTP or HTTP you have gained nothing.

    \Maex

-- 
SpaceNet AG            | Joseph-Dollinger-Bogen 14 | Fon: +49 (89) 32356-0
Research & Development |       D-80807 Muenchen    | Fax: +49 (89) 32356-299
"The security, stability and reliability of a computer system is reciprocally
 proportional to the amount of vacuity between the ears of the admin"

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To: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] 1. Inventory of Problems - SMTP
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</head><BODY BGCOLOR="#F0F0F0"><p><SPAN style="font-family:'Tahoma';">Yakov,</SPAN></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><SPAN style="font-family:'Tahoma';">&gt;&gt; 3. The sender can request that the message be forwarded to (almost)</SPAN></p>
<p><SPAN style="font-family:'Tahoma';">&gt;&gt;    anyone else.</SPAN></p>
<p><SPAN style="font-family:'Tahoma';">&gt;&gt; </SPAN></p>
<p><SPAN style="font-family:'Tahoma';">&gt;&gt;   SMTP isn't a "user to user" protocol.  It's a "submitter to MTA"</SPAN></p>
<p><SPAN style="font-family:'Tahoma';">&gt;&gt; protocol.  In the case of open proxies, the MTA may be abused to</SPAN></p>
<p><SPAN style="font-family:'Tahoma';">&gt;&gt; re-send the mail to anyone on the net.</SPAN></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><SPAN style="font-family:'Tahoma';">YS&gt; Isn't SMTP an MTA-to-MTA protocol, with SUBMIT being the "submitter to</SPAN></p>
<p><SPAN style="font-family:'Tahoma';">YS&gt; MTA" protocol?</SPAN></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><SPAN style="font-family:'Tahoma';">yes, although that is recent, and most poster-to-MTA interactions do</SPAN></p>
<p><SPAN style="font-family:'Tahoma';">use SMTP.  However access control is now typical, so the problem of</SPAN></p>
<p><SPAN style="font-family:'Tahoma';">open relaying is solved technically.  Whether the solution is used is</SPAN></p>
<p><SPAN style="font-family:'Tahoma';">not a problem with SMTP.</SPAN></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><SPAN style="font-family:'Tahoma';">&gt;&gt; 6. no negative feedback</SPAN></p>
<p><SPAN style="font-family:'Tahoma';">&gt;&gt; </SPAN></p>
<p><SPAN style="font-family:'Tahoma';">&gt;&gt;   TCP has congestion control.  ICMP "port unreachable", etc.</SPAN></p>
<p><SPAN style="font-family:'Tahoma';">&gt;&gt; </SPAN></p>
<p><SPAN style="font-family:'Tahoma';">&gt;&gt;   When SMTP messages are thrown away, they're often done so by the end</SPAN></p>
<p><SPAN style="font-family:'Tahoma';">&gt;&gt; user.  The recipient MTA usually doesn't know, and the originating MTA</SPAN></p>
<p><SPAN style="font-family:'Tahoma';">&gt;&gt; doesn't know.  So in the absence of negative feedback, spammers</SPAN></p>
<p><SPAN style="font-family:'Tahoma';">&gt;&gt; increase their sending rates, in the hope that some messages will get</SPAN></p>
<p><SPAN style="font-family:'Tahoma';">&gt;&gt; through.</SPAN></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><SPAN style="font-family:'Tahoma';">YS&gt; This also has to do with the fact that the body of the message and the</SPAN></p>
<p><SPAN style="font-family:'Tahoma';">YS&gt; SMTP transaction are separate from each other.</SPAN></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><SPAN style="font-family:'Tahoma';">Huh?</SPAN></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><SPAN style="font-family:'Tahoma';">1. SMTP is equivalent to a link-level, point-to-point protocol.  As</SPAN></p>
<p><SPAN style="font-family:'Tahoma';">such, it has plenty of negative feedback and congestion control.  The</SPAN></p>
<p><SPAN style="font-family:'Tahoma';">larger mail service is a classic datagram model, like UDP.  And, no,</SPAN></p>
<p><SPAN style="font-family:'Tahoma';">it has no congestion control.  However as one contemplates this</SPAN></p>
<p><SPAN style="font-family:'Tahoma';">problem, keep in mind the challenge of doing meaningful end-to-end</SPAN></p>
<p><SPAN style="font-family:'Tahoma';">congestion control in the face of multi-day latencies.</SPAN></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><SPAN style="font-family:'Tahoma';">2. I think folks are trying to make the underlying transport service</SPAN></p>
<p><SPAN style="font-family:'Tahoma';">be responsible for higher-level, user-to-user problems.  Remember that</SPAN></p>
<p><SPAN style="font-family:'Tahoma';">spam is a social problem, not a technical one.  So, worry about the</SPAN></p>
<p><SPAN style="font-family:'Tahoma';">end-to-end object/envelope, rather than the hop-by-hop transfer</SPAN></p>
<p><SPAN style="font-family:'Tahoma';">protocool.</SPAN></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><SPAN style="font-family:'Tahoma';">&gt;&gt; e.g. Messages from unknown senders should be treated with great</SPAN></p>
<p><SPAN style="font-family:'Tahoma';">&gt;&gt;   suspicion.  Any and all available information should be used to</SPAN></p>
<p><SPAN style="font-family:'Tahoma';">&gt;&gt;   determine how to process the message.</SPAN></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><SPAN style="font-family:'Tahoma';">YS&gt; A good example would be giving a higher value to unknown senders in</SPAN></p>
<p><SPAN style="font-family:'Tahoma';">YS&gt; SpamAssasin.</SPAN></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><SPAN style="font-family:'Tahoma';">How is this different from whitelisting?</SPAN></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><SPAN style="font-family:'Tahoma';">How is it affected by spoofing?</SPAN></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><SPAN style="font-family:'Tahoma';">d/</SPAN></p>
<p><SPAN style="font-family:'Tahoma';">--</SPAN></p>
<p><SPAN style="font-family:'Tahoma';">&#160; Dave Crocker &lt;dcrocker-at-brandenburg-dot-com&gt;</SPAN></p>
<p><SPAN style="font-family:'Tahoma';">&#160; Brandenburg InternetWorking &lt;www.brandenburg.com&gt;</SPAN></p>
<p><SPAN style="font-family:'Tahoma';">&#160; Sunnyvale, CA  USA &lt;tel:+1.408.246.8253&gt;</SPAN></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
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From: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 1. Inventory of Problems - SMTP
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Dave Crocker wrote:
>> > 6. no negative feedback
>> >
>> > TCP has congestion control. ICMP "port unreachable", etc.
> 
>> > When SMTP messages are thrown away, they're often done so by the end
>> > user. The recipient MTA usually doesn't know, and the originating MTA
>> > doesn't know. So in the absence of negative feedback, spammers
>> > increase their sending rates, in the hope that some messages will get
>> > through.
> 
> YS> This also has to do with the fact that the body of the message and the
> YS> SMTP transaction are separate from each other.
> 
> Huh?
> 
> 1. SMTP is equivalent to a link-level, point-to-point protocol. As
> such, it has plenty of negative feedback and congestion control. The
> larger mail service is a classic datagram model, like UDP. And, no,
> it has no congestion control. However as one contemplates this
> problem, keep in mind the challenge of doing meaningful end-to-end
> congestion control in the face of multi-day latencies.
> 
> 2. I think folks are trying to make the underlying transport service
> be responsible for higher-level, user-to-user problems. Remember that
> spam is a social problem, not a technical one. So, worry about the
> end-to-end object/envelope, rather than the hop-by-hop transfer
> protocool.
>  

So are you implying that we shouldn't worry about the SMTP transaction
at all, and concentrate on the message content itself, kind of like the
DK proposal?

While spam itself is an end-to-end problem, the abuse of the hop-by-hop
protocol is one of the reasons why spam happens. For example, in 
Ethernet the actual cables between different network segments are 
hop-by-hop. Someone slicing a cable at that point can introduce malicous 
traffic into the system, the same way somebody messing with a single 
SMTP hop-by-hop transaction can introduce spam into the network.

I think we need to address both issues of hop-by-hop protocol security, 
and end-to-end user issues. I do have your original suggestion in mind, 
and I am working on a document about email problems from the point of 
view of human communications in general. However, Alan's document 
concentrates specifically on SMTP.

> 
>> > e.g. Messages from unknown senders should be treated with great
>> > suspicion. Any and all available information should be used to
>> > determine how to process the message.
> 
> YS> A good example would be giving a higher value to unknown senders in
> YS> SpamAssasin.
> 
> How is this different from whitelisting?
> How is it affected by spoofing?

We do not want to reject all email from unknown senders since any
anti-spam system that is deployment needs to be adoped gradually.
Therefore, a completely unknown sender will be given a higher value in
the filter, as opposed to a known sender that will be given a lower 
value. Alan's document was refering to LMAP where even a known sender 
that uses LMAP is not necessarily trusted.

Yakov




-------
Yakov Shafranovich / asrg <at> shaftek.org
SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc. / research <at> solidmatrix.com
"I want to know G-d's thoughts... the rest are details" (Albert Einstein)
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From: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>
To: Hector Santos <winserver.support@winserver.com>
Cc: John R Levine <asrg@taugh.com>, ASRG <asrg@ietf.org>
Message-id: <3FE556FA.5040206@solidmatrix.com>
Organization: SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc.
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Subject: [Asrg] 0. General - Revocation of Posting Privileges for Hector Santos
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Hector,

As per section 5.3 of RFC 2014, the chairs have made a decision to 
revoke your posting privileges to the ASRG discussion list. This 
decision was made because you have continued to ignore the scope of the 
ASRG list and posting guidelines, continued to promote your CBV system, 
and personally attacked other list members.

As has been the case before with Mark McCarron 
(https://www1.ietf.org/mail-archive/working-groups/asrg/current/msg06363.html), 
  if you can stay in scope, and stop flaming, we may conditionally allow 
you to have posting privileges again.

Information about managing your subscription to the list, may be found here:

https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg

Sincerely,
Yakov Shafranovich
Co-Chair, ASRG

-------- Original Message --------
Subject: Wasted time?
Date: Sat, 20 Dec 2003 12:40:14 -0500
From: Hector Santos <winserver.support@winserver.com>
Organization: Santronics Software, Inc
To: Anti-Spam <asrg@ietf.org>, Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>


I don't wish to be wasting time providing any feedback or information or
comments if I am going to censored.  I posted mail that never was
distributed.

Please let me know if I am allowed to post in the group. It is a simple
Yes or No answer. If no, simply remove me from the list and don't send 
me any list mail.

...


-------
Yakov Shafranovich / asrg <at> shaftek.org
SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc. / research <at> solidmatrix.com
"All that is gold does not glitter" (LOTR)
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From: "Chris" <asrg@rebel.com.au>
To: "ASRG" <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: [Asrg] 0. General - Not sure where this fits
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Hi All

An interesting job was recently advertised on a software coders auction
site.

It goes something like this....


=======================================

Coder wanted to create perl mail program

Mail program operates as an MTA-intermediate

Mail program must be able to forge the previous domain in the MTA chain,
this domain is selectable and will be a valid domain with a reverse DNS

Mail program must be able to switch domains using domain list text file

...

=======================================


From what I can see this "job" specifically targets anti spam measures that
use reverse DNS (ip blacklists) to determine the sender. by simply saying my
name is joe.com and I got message from jane.com for you.

because everybody knows jane.com the message is accepted. (until Jane is
blacklisted through no fault of her own)

Which of the proposed systems will overcome this form of "spoofing"? Is this
what is reffered to as "envelope forging" I tried a search on Gmane but did
not come up with much.

The only two forms I can think of are a pull system (you just knew I was
going to say that) and a message digest key (yahoo etc). ( I am ignoring
Challenge Response Systems as they seem to be both patented and without real
value IMHO)

from what I have read and I admit to some slackness here, most other
verification systems ignore the MTA-i and just concentrate on the MTA-s.

In which case as the supposed sender domain is legitimate (and perhaps even
the senders email address) the message slips thru most filters.

By simply monitoring the IP blacklists the spammer changes the spoofed
source domain as soon as the current one gets listed. so no messages are
lost.

also if the spammer simply gets a one month account on any of thousands of
available servers he just deletes the source code on one server and moves to
the next when joe.com gets listed as the source of the spam.


Chris



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Subject: Re: [Asrg] [1] Why SPAM is worse in SMTP than in other protocols
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Hi Alan,

>>SMTP compared to other protocols is more attackable because there are no 
>>rules assigned to email addresses while there are rules assigned to 
>>ports. (For example nobody can use a DNS service as an NTP service.)

Sorry about the uninformative text.

I mean making some email handling rules predictable will do the 
spam-volume to be smaller.

For example it is predictable by everybody based on the port address of 
a running service that the service software will read a specific 
protocol data unit or not; will accept the content for processing or 
not. It is predictable how transport level and content level information 
will be filtered out or processed.

Back to SMTP. It is unpredictable by spammers that a mailbox address is 
send-only or not, handshake is neccessary or not, 'sequence numbers' are 
necessary or not, session-IDs or secret tokens are necessary or not, the 
address accept emails only from predefined senders or not, a content 
filter will filter out emails based on the content or not, etc.

The result of this unpredictability (lack of 'rules' assigned to email 
addresses): spammers will send spam to any email address what they have 
because they dont have informations how to do self-filtering. (As 
opposed to TCP where almost nobody send out random packets to random 
host:port addresses, and IP-spoofing is almost impossible.)

For example spammers will not stop using Yahoo addresses as sender 
addresses because spammers will not know based on the receiver email 
address that the receiver filter out emails with the help of YDK or not.



z2


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From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@ox.org>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 1. Inventory of Problems - SMTP 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Sat, 20 Dec 2003 21:42:49 CST."
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Dave Crocker <dcrocker@brandenburg.com> wrote:
> 1. SMTP is equivalent to a link-level, point-to-point protocol. As
> such, it has plenty of negative feedback and congestion control.

  Which is why people using Greylisting have shown it to be useless.

  Hmm... that doesn't sound right.  Ah, that's it: "plenty != sufficient"

> The larger mail service is a classic datagram model, like UDP. And,
> no, it has no congestion control. However as one contemplates this
> problem, keep in mind the challenge of doing meaningful end-to-end
> congestion control in the face of multi-day latencies.

  I don't see constructive criticism on the *technical* merits of the
documents.  Vague generalities sound helpful, but don't contribute
meaningfully to achieving any end goal.

> 2. I think folks are trying to make the underlying transport service
> be responsible for higher-level, user-to-user problems.

  Not me.  I'm looking at tweaking the underlying transport service so
it's less amenable to being abused by user-to-user problems.

> Remember that spam is a social problem, not a technical one.

  Ah.  So the technical flaws in SMTP which *enable* spammers are
meaningless.  The "joe jobbing" and forgery associated with the
attempted theft of account information are direct results of those
technical flaws...  but addressing those flaws is a low priority, as
spam is a social problem, not a technical one.

> So, worry about the end-to-end object/envelope, rather than the
> hop-by-hop transfer protocool.

  I'm sorry Dave, but everything I see from you can be paraphrased as
"SMTP is perfect.  Let's do nothing technical to solve this problem."

  Alan DeKok.

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From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@ox.org>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] [1] Why SPAM is worse in SMTP than in other protocols 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Sun, 21 Dec 2003 01:53:49 +0100."
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Markus Stumpf <maex-lists-spam-ietf-asrg@Space.Net> wrote:
> On Sat, Dec 20, 2003 at 09:53:35AM -0500, Alan DeKok wrote:
> >   Of course.  But the *intent* behind SMTP was to enable two-way human
> > communication.
> 
> Says who?

  Says the protocol.

> Nearly all protocols on the Internet I know of have the itent to enable
> two-way human communication. Even router protocols like BGP do.

  Now you're being cute.  Isn't that nice.

> HTTP, POP3, DNS, LDAP, FTP they all do, just like SMTP does and SMTP does
> it in no way more special than any of these,

  All those protocols are just like SMTP, so that's why we have so
many protocols, right?  They all do the same thing!

> >   e.g. UDP "notification" packets, containing URL's where the
> > information may be found.
> 
> At the time SMTP was designed URLs didn't even exist. UDP was really
> unreliable and lines were as flaky as hell.

  And nothing on the Net has changed since then.  So if, as I said, we
WERE to design such a notification protocol, we would not (of course)
use anything we've learned in the past two decades.

> > If TCP had a
> > "protocol" field, in addition to "src/dst port" fields, then a number
> > of network problems, and application insecurities could have been
> > avoided.
> 
> No. Nothing stops me from abusing the HTTP Protocol like in
>     POST http://some.mail.server:25/			for SMTP
...
> As SMTP, telnet, HTTP operate at another protocol level they don't know
> (and need not know) about any fields in TCP/UDP or IP packets.

  You've taken my statement exactly backwards.  Congratulations!

  The point ( to re-iterate) was that TCP would contain information
about the protocol it was carrying.  I said nothing about SMTP knowing
about fields in TCP or IP packets.  I have no clue how you totally
inverted the meaning of my statements.

  When you have nested protocols, each protocol SHOULD contain
information about any sub-protocol it contains.  The failure to do so
leads to huge problems when examining network traffic.

  I should know.  My day job is writing software for multi-protocol,
multi-field, gigabit packet classification, that other people put into
network devices.  Issues like TCP ports being loosely coupled to the
protocol in the TCP data are a *huge* problem for anyone wanting to
examine network traffic.

> The idea behind protocol stacks should show you that ports or "protocol
> fields" don't say *anything* about the data contained, at best they
> give information about the encoding and protocol used to transport the
> data and thus it is useless.

  When your protocol stack gets IP packets with proto TCP, and the IP
data contains something other than TCP, your stack still does
something useful with it?  That protocol field has no bearing on how
you treat the encapsulated data?

  Nonsense.  Have you ever done any work with networks, or protocols?

  Alan DeKok.

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From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@ox.org>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] [1] Why SPAM is worse in SMTP than in other protocols 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Sun, 21 Dec 2003 13:44:46 +0100."
             <3FE595BE.8040706@axelero.hu> 
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"Za'mbori, Zolta'n" <zamboriz@axelero.hu> wrote:
> For example it is predictable by everybody based on the port address of 
> a running service that the service software will read a specific 
> protocol data unit or not; will accept the content for processing or 
> not.

  No.  I can run HTTP servers on any port.  When used in conjunction
with something like RPC, you have *no* way to use TCP ports to
classify a packet on your network as RPC or HTTP.  The TCP ports don't
tell you.  The *only* thing you can do is to examine the application
data, compare it to RPC and HTTP, to see which one it matches.

  The problem is that the intersection of RPC and HTTP isn't empty.
So there are some packets which you can't classify just by looking at
the packet.  You've got to go poke the port yourself, to see what
application server is running.

> The result of this unpredictability (lack of 'rules' assigned to email 
> addresses): spammers will send spam to any email address what they have 
> because they dont have informations how to do self-filtering.

  No.  Spammers already have sufficient information to do
self-filtering.  There are domains which didn't have an MX for years,
and when one was put into DNS, it was immediately spammed.  There are
systems which reject traffic to all SMTP destinations, and spammers
still try those destinations years later.

  Spammers have plenty of negative feedback, as information.  But
simply NACK'ing a message is insufficient.  What is needed is negative
feedback as *punishment*.  e.g.  Greylisting is network-based negative
feedback that works by slowing down the rate at which spam is sent.

  Recipient MTA's often do *nothing* when they're attacked by
spammers.  This creates a de-facto positive feedback system, giving
the spammers every incentive to increase their rates.

  Alan DeKok.

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Subject: Re: [Asrg] [1] Why SPAM is worse in SMTP than in other protocols
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Za'mbori, Zolta'n wrote:

> Hi Alan,
> 
>>> SMTP compared to other protocols is more attackable because there are 
>>> no rules assigned to email addresses while there are rules assigned 
>>> to ports. (For example nobody can use a DNS service as an NTP service.)
> 
> 
> Sorry about the uninformative text.
> 
> I mean making some email handling rules predictable will do the 
> spam-volume to be smaller.
> 
> For example it is predictable by everybody based on the port address of 
> a running service that the service software will read a specific 
> protocol data unit or not; will accept the content for processing or 
> not. It is predictable how transport level and content level information 
> will be filtered out or processed.
> 
> Back to SMTP. It is unpredictable by spammers that a mailbox address is 
> send-only or not, handshake is neccessary or not, 'sequence numbers' are 
> necessary or not, session-IDs or secret tokens are necessary or not, the 
> address accept emails only from predefined senders or not, a content 
> filter will filter out emails based on the content or not, etc.
> 
> The result of this unpredictability (lack of 'rules' assigned to email 
> addresses): spammers will send spam to any email address what they have 
> because they dont have informations how to do self-filtering. (As 
> opposed to TCP where almost nobody send out random packets to random 
> host:port addresses, and IP-spoofing is almost impossible.)
> 
> For example spammers will not stop using Yahoo addresses as sender 
> addresses because spammers will not know based on the receiver email 
> address that the receiver filter out emails with the help of YDK or not.
> 

I am not sure how would help us, perhaps you can elaborate. Are you 
suggesting that we should let spammers know about how their spam is 
being filtered? Wouldn't that let them adjust their spam messages so 
they can go through better?

Yakov
-------
Yakov Shafranovich / asrg <at> shaftek.org
SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc. / research <at> solidmatrix.com
  "Why are both drug addicts and computer aficionados both called 
users?" (Clifford Stoll)
-------


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Yakov Shafranovich wrote:
> I am not sure how would help us, perhaps you can elaborate. Are you 
> suggesting that we should let spammers know about how their spam is 
> being filtered? Wouldn't that let them adjust their spam messages so 
> they can go through better?

I dont think so. They adjust their spam messages already so they will go
through better. Publishing the filtering rules does not help against
undetectable spam. But it can help against detectable spam.

If a smart spammer (software) see that the actual spam is filterable by
the domain the software will skip the whole domain. And not sended spam
will make the spam volume smaller.

IMHO publishing filtering rules can be a valuable out-of-band negative
response for smarter spammers (or softwares).

z2



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From: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 0. General - Not sure where this fits
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Chris wrote:

> Hi All
> 
> An interesting job was recently advertised on a software coders auction
> site.
> 
> It goes something like this....
> 
> 
> =======================================
> 
> Coder wanted to create perl mail program
> 
> Mail program operates as an MTA-intermediate
> 
> Mail program must be able to forge the previous domain in the MTA chain,
> this domain is selectable and will be a valid domain with a reverse DNS
> 
> Mail program must be able to switch domains using domain list text file
> 
> ...
> 
> =======================================
> 
> 
>>From what I can see this "job" specifically targets anti spam measures that
> use reverse DNS (ip blacklists) to determine the sender. by simply saying my
> name is joe.com and I got message from jane.com for you.
> 
> because everybody knows jane.com the message is accepted. (until Jane is
> blacklisted through no fault of her own)
> 
...

That is not necessarily true, usually you check the incoming MTA's IP, 
not the one further away. This is how open relays get caught, even the 
ones claiming to relay mail from Yahoo.

Yakov
-------
Yakov Shafranovich / asrg <at> shaftek.org
SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc. / research <at> solidmatrix.com
"Power tends to corrupt, and absolute power corrupts absolutely" (Lord 
Acton)
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On Sun, Dec 21, 2003 at 10:54:55AM -0500, Alan DeKok wrote:
>   Says the protocol.

Blah.

>   All those protocols are just like SMTP, so that's why we have so
> many protocols, right?  They all do the same thing!

Yes they are all just like SMTP with regard to
*> But the *intent* behind SMTP was to enable two-way human
*> communication.
Read what I write.

>   And nothing on the Net has changed since then.

Changes are irrelevant. You said it was the design intent with SMTP
otherwise they would have used URLs. This is nonsense as URLs didn't
exist when they designed SMTP.

> So if, as I said, we
> WERE to design such a notification protocol, we would not (of course)
> use anything we've learned in the past two decades.

No, you didn't talk about future protocols or future design, you talk
about the intent of the design of SMTP.

>   When your protocol stack gets IP packets with proto TCP, and the IP
> data contains something other than TCP, your stack still does
> something useful with it?  That protocol field has no bearing on how
> you treat the encapsulated data?

What happens depends on the protocol stack that the sender and the
receiver use. But whether this will be "real" TCP data or something only
decodable by sender/receiver is absolutely irrelevant to the IP stack.
Totally damages TCP data will be transported on IP level from sender to
receiver without and problems and this is good as it is. So setting
a protocol identifier in the underlying protocol may be a nice idea,
but the underlying protocol has to ignore it. It's not its business.
If this is a problem for IDS than this is the problem of the IDS, as it
tries to interpret data that may not be encoded for it to decode. This
is a problem that has always been present for listeners that listen to
data they're not supposed to receive.

>   Nonsense.  Have you ever done any work with networks, or protocols?

You're always so easy with your "nonsense". And it's always easy for you
to try to discredit others by asking them "are you on crack or what?".
Maybe you should simply think before writing all those bullshit.
You just can't stand it if others have a different opinion that doesn't
match your - of course - unfailing point of (limited) view.

When e.g. the ethernet stack gets a frame it doesn't care what the contents
is. The ethernet stack takes the packet, drops the envelope and hands
it off to the next stack. This looks at the content and dispatches it
e.g. to the IP stack handler. This drops the IP envelope and hands it
off to the next handler which decides whether to e.g. dispatch it to
TCP/UDP/ICMP. It is an explicit design goal of protocol stacks that the
higher level protocol doesn't have to know anything about the lower
level protocols to peer communicate with its partner and the lower
level protocol doesn't have to know anything about the
contents/data/encoding of the higher level protocol to transport it.

If the sender and receiver agree on using an UDP ident for TCP stack and
an TCP ident for UDP stack they will communicate perfectly, as will the
underlying and overlying protocols.
So if sender and receiver agree to use the http ports for smtp is the
same thing as if they would agree to use the HTTP ident for SMTP and put
it in the underlying protocol.
Your IDS would choke, just like it would if they'd use port 80 for SMTP.

	\Maex

-- 
SpaceNet AG            | Joseph-Dollinger-Bogen 14 | Fon: +49 (89) 32356-0
Research & Development |       D-80807 Muenchen    | Fax: +49 (89) 32356-299
"The security, stability and reliability of a computer system is reciprocally
 proportional to the amount of vacuity between the ears of the admin"

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Subject: Re: [Asrg] [1] Why SPAM is worse in SMTP than in other protocols
References: <20031220145336.06E9216FAC@mail.nitros9.org> <3FE595BE.8040706@axelero.hu> <3FE5BD03.80706@solidmatrix.com> <3FE5EEB6.7000406@axelero.hu> <3FE5F98A.9020509@solidmatrix.com>
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Yakov Shafranovich wrote:
> Za'mbori, Zolta'n wrote:
>>
>> If a smart spammer (software) see that the actual spam is filterable 
>> by the domain the software will skip the whole domain. And not sended 
>> spam will make the spam volume smaller.
>>
> 
> Wouldn't that cause the domains not skipped to get more spam?

You are true. The volume will not change. Just the direction.

Sorry about wasting the time.


z2


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From: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] [1] Why SPAM is worse in SMTP than in other protocols
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Markus Stumpf wrote:
> On Sun, Dec 21, 2003 at 10:54:55AM -0500, Alan DeKok wrote:
...
>>  Nonsense.  Have you ever done any work with networks, or protocols?
> 
> 
> You're always so easy with your "nonsense". And it's always easy for you
> to try to discredit others by asking them "are you on crack or what?".
> Maybe you should simply think before writing all those bullshit.
> You just can't stand it if others have a different opinion that doesn't
> match your - of course - unfailing point of (limited) view.
> 

Lets cool it a bit.

> When e.g. the ethernet stack gets a frame it doesn't care what the contents
> is. The ethernet stack takes the packet, drops the envelope and hands
> it off to the next stack. This looks at the content and dispatches it
> e.g. to the IP stack handler. This drops the IP envelope and hands it
> off to the next handler which decides whether to e.g. dispatch it to
> TCP/UDP/ICMP. It is an explicit design goal of protocol stacks that the
> higher level protocol doesn't have to know anything about the lower
> level protocols to peer communicate with its partner and the lower
> level protocol doesn't have to know anything about the
> contents/data/encoding of the higher level protocol to transport it.
> 
...

Lets step back for a second. We are comparing the SMTP protocol with 
other protocols in order to determine which problems the SMTP protocol 
has similar to other protocols, and see which solutions applied in other 
protocols can help us here.

The point of contention here seems to be whether SMTP is intended to be 
an end-to-end protocol (like a network layer protocol of the OSI model), 
or a hop-to-hop protocol (like a link layer protocol). Obviously SMTP is 
in reality is running above these layers on application layer, but we'll 
ignore that for a second.

Now lets see section 2.1 of RFC 2821:

"  In other words, message transfer can occur in a single connection
    between the original SMTP-sender and the final SMTP-recipient, or can
    occur in a series of hops through intermediary systems.  In either
    case, a formal handoff of responsibility for the message occurs: the
    protocol requires that a server accept responsibility for either
    delivering a message or properly reporting the failure to do so.
"

It seems from here that the SMTP protocol can either operate as an 
end-to-end protocol or a hop-by-hop protocol. The RFC states that a 
server must accept responsibility for the message if it is not the final 
destination, which implies that each individual hop is independent of 
each other. On the other hand, in many cases only one SMTP transaction 
takes place between the originating ISP's MTA and the receiver ISP's MTA.

So what comes out from this, is that SMTP operates on a hop-by-hop 
basis, which in many cases is end-to-end since there is only a single 
hop to be done.

Now the question is, what can we, as a RG, learn from this? How is this 
behavior helpful to stopping spam? What comparisons can we draw from 
this behavior to other protocols?

Yakov
-------
Yakov Shafranovich / asrg <at> shaftek.org
SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc. / research <at> solidmatrix.com
"Some lies are easier to believe than the truth" (Dune)
-------


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In-Reply-To: <3FE62859.3080507@solidmatrix.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] [1] Why SPAM is worse in SMTP than in other protocols
To: "ASRG" <asrg@ietf.org>
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Yakov wrote:
> 
> So what comes out from this, is that SMTP operates on a hop-by-hop 
> basis, which in many cases is end-to-end since there is only a single 
> hop to be done.
> 
> Now the question is, what can we, as a RG, learn from this? How is this 
> behavior helpful to stopping spam? What comparisons can we draw from 
> this behavior to other protocols?
> 


We learn that the system involves at least 1 intermediate between MUAs and
MUAr, works asynchonously, in a store-and-forward kinda way. These
intermediate agents act (for the most part) to support the intention of the
message originator.
Intermediates try to provide resources to satisfy the originator, while
being paid-for by the recipient (often).

Other systems may consider the *message* (the data made available) as being
a significant resource - we consider the significant resources as being:
1. the *attention* of the recipient
2. transport and storage requirements

Following this reasoning, we can consider the MTS as a system for giving
the sender access to (human) recipient *attention* - For making recipient
resources available to the sender. The messages it transports are just part
of the mechanism for brokering attention.

SMTP is, from this viewpoint, much more like a form of RPC than anything
else I can think of - but asynchronous, which will allow the sender to
overwhelm the recipient. Clearly, what's weak is the access control (and
flow control).
Recipient resources should be available only subject to recipient policy.

That's as far as we need go with this. We can see that we need mechanisms
for expressing and enforcing recipient policy in our MTS.




  








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Jon Kyme wrote:
> That's as far as we need go with this. We can see that we need mechanisms
> for expressing and enforcing recipient policy in our MTS.

Is it true that a recipient policy is equivalent with a description of 
forward licencing of recipient resources?

z2


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In-Reply-To: <3FE6EB43.6060405@axelero.hu>
Subject: [Asrg] Re: [1] Why SPAM is worse in SMTP than in other protocols
To: "ASRG" <asrg@ietf.org>
From: "Jon Kyme" <jrk@merseymail.com>
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> > for expressing and enforcing recipient policy in our MTS.
> 
> 
> Is it true that a recipient policy is equivalent with a description of 
> forward licencing of recipient resources?
> 

That's not a term I'm familiar with. If it means what I guess it means,
that might be a good way of looking at it. In the case of prior explicit
consent I suppose I'm offering a sender license to use my resources. I
guess this is precisely what a consent token does. Without explicit
consent, license is conditional, or reserved.

"license" smells of contract law - IANAL. I dare say a lawyer might have a
view on this.

  







--

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From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@ox.org>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] [1] Why SPAM is worse in SMTP than in other protocols 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Sun, 21 Dec 2003 18:10:17 EST."
             <3FE62859.3080507@solidmatrix.com> 
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Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com> wrote:
> Lets step back for a second. We are comparing the SMTP protocol with 
> other protocols in order to determine which problems the SMTP protocol 
> has similar to other protocols, and see which solutions applied in other 
> protocols can help us here.

  Exactly.  That's the scope of the document I wrote.

> The point of contention here seems to be whether SMTP is intended to be 
> an end-to-end protocol (like a network layer protocol of the OSI model), 
> or a hop-to-hop protocol (like a link layer protocol).

  Almost.  We went down a rat-hole of human messaging systems, because
of my contention as to the design intent of SMTP: one to one
communication.  If SMTP was intented to be many to many, with high
latencies, it would look like NNTP.  If it was intented to be many to
many, with low latencies, it would look like IRC.

  That's all I'm going to say on that topic.

> So what comes out from this, is that SMTP operates on a hop-by-hop 
> basis, which in many cases is end-to-end since there is only a single 
> hop to be done.
>
> Now the question is, what can we, as a RG, learn from this?

  The LMAP discussion document (based on Hadmut's comments in RMX),
says that the single hop use of SMTP is a large part of the reason why
spam is so wide-spread.  There are 100's of millions of senders, each
sending to only 100's of thousands of recipient MTA's.

> How is this behavior helpful to stopping spam?

  If that imbalance in the network was addressed, spam would become
significantly more manageable.  It wouldn't stop entirely, but having
a blacklist of 100K MTA's is signficantly easier than having
blacklists of millions of IP's.

  PHB's suggestion that MTA's have "recommendations" in DNS would
apply here.  LMAP would say "yes, example.com meant to originate SMTP
from this IP", and a related protocol would say "example.net thinks
I'm an OK MTA, too."  You'd still have to query example.net, so see if
it agrees, but that's fairly simple.

  This process builds a web of trust, where MTA's simple don't bother
to listen to spammers.

> What comparisons can we draw from this behavior to other protocols?

  Many other protocols are only single-hop.  Others are nearly always
multi-hop.  There are fewer which are a combination of the two, like
SMTP.

  If SMTP was one or the other, the spam problem would probably be
easier to solve.  It's the combination of factors that makes SMTP
worse than other protocols.

  Alan DeKok.

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"Jon Kyme" <jrk@merseymail.com> wrote:
> In the case of prior explicit consent I suppose I'm offering a
> sender license to use my resources. I guess this is precisely what a
> consent token does. Without explicit consent, license is
> conditional, or reserved.

  Exactly.  In many cases, "license" is a synonym for "permission".

> "license" smells of contract law - IANAL. I dare say a lawyer might have a
> view on this.

  Many contracts involve the granting of license, if certain
conditions are met.  You can have a contract without a license, and a
license without a contract.  The software "click to agree" things are
contacts, disguised as licenses.

 In terms of SMTP, publishing recipient policy may be equivalent to
giving license to people to use the recipients resources within that
policy.  It does make it clear that senders NOT following the policy
are forbidden from using the recipients resources.

  Alan DeKok.

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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: [1] Why SPAM is worse in SMTP than in other protocols
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Alan DeKok wrote:
> "Jon Kyme" <jrk@merseymail.com> wrote:
> 
..
>>"license" smells of contract law - IANAL. I dare say a lawyer might have a
>>view on this.
> 
> Many contracts involve the granting of license, if certain
> conditions are met.  You can have a contract without a license, and a
> license without a contract.  The software "click to agree" things are
> contracts, disguised as licenses.
> 

If I remember correctly, "click through" licenses are not easily
enforceable without UCITA, which was only passed in two states in the
US. In any case, it is important to keep in mind that licenses and
contracts of this kind operate because of laws that are in place to
enforce them.

> In terms of SMTP, publishing recipient policy may be equivalent to
> giving license to people to use the recipients resources within that
> policy.  It does make it clear that senders NOT following the policy
> are forbidden from using the recipients resources.
> 

This approach works in conjunction with legal enforcement and proper
laws, which is what the "no solicit" extension by Carl Malamud was
intended to be. This is important to keep in mind.

The hard question would be how to define policy elements that people can
agree on, which has been the sticking point until now. Even the elements
defined in Carl's draft, people had issues with. Some kind of a registry
would probably be needed.

Yakov
-------
Yakov Shafranovich / asrg <at> shaftek.org
SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc. / research <at> solidmatrix.com
"Among all our enemies / The ones to be most feared are often the 
smallest" (Jean de la Fontaine)
-------


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From: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>
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Subject: [Asrg] 0. General - Legal - CAN-SPAM effects
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I got a bunch of emails advertising "bulletproof" hosting with a new 
twist - "CAN-SPAM friendly". Below is a copy of the spam message AND a 
copy of an IM conversation with the spammer following up on that message.

Yakov

-------- Original Message --------
Subject: 	CAN-SPAM friendly ISP
Date: 	Tue, 23 Dec 03 15:35:42 GMT
From: 	Elvia Jones <akq74uavz@yahoo.com>
Reply-To: 	Elvia Jones <akq74uavz@yahoo.com>


*Direct marketing works!* Send thousands of emails to potentional
customers without your web site being shutdown!

Real solid and *bullet proof hosting*
<http://www.autodealz.biz/bulletproof/> starting at only $199/month.
Powerful linux platforms, offshore location! New CAN-SPAM law friendly!!

Sincerely,
Jeff

-------- Original IM Chat --------
(14:46:42) <prospective client>: hi
(14:46:48) <spammer>: hello
(14:46:55) <spammer>: how can I help you ?
(14:47:02) <prospective client>: i got an email from u recent;y and had 
some questions
(14:47:54) <spammer>: hmm about hosting ?
(14:47:59) <prospective client>: yep
(14:48:09) <spammer>: sure, go ahead
(14:48:13) <spammer>: I am here to assist you
(14:48:20) <prospective client>: your email mentioned that you are "New 
CAN-SPAM law friendly!!"
(14:48:34) <spammer>: well, kinda
(14:49:00) <spammer>: depends also on the bulk marketed (who sends the 
emails out), but we will keep "remove" links working as long as you with us
(14:49:32) <prospective client>: and do i have to make the remove link 
actually remove the email from my lists?
(14:49:59) <spammer>: that would be nice for us both, BUT we are located 
offshore
(14:50:11) <spammer>: so not a 100% requirement but would be nice of course
(14:50:29) <prospective client>: and do u do any kind of emailing also, 
or just hosting?
(14:50:30) <spammer>: your lists cleaner and less complaints to our 
upstreams
(14:52:01) <spammer>: well we do send out a bit  but prefer more hosting 
(because currently we are harvesting some email addresses)
(14:52:32) <spammer>: to get better lists
(14:54:13) <prospective client>: do i have to make my return addresses 
valid as well? and do you provide pop accounts?
(14:54:56) <spammer>: well, depends on your local law (if you want to 
fully comply with CAN-SPAM, you will need to have a valid return 
address) not 100% required with us
(14:55:10) <spammer>: we do provide POP3 accounts, but not for using in 
return emails
(14:55:38) <prospective client>: if I am in us, but hosting with u, then 
should i even worry about can spam?
(14:55:39) <spammer>: we will offer this service in the future (we can 
already supply this, but the prob is that it's a bit higher fee because 
we do not yet sell it in quantity)
(14:56:02) <spammer>: well up to you
(14:56:09) <spammer>: we have servers offshore
(14:56:12) <spammer>: in China and Brazil
(14:56:20) <spammer>: we are located in Europe
(14:56:24) <spammer>: so all should be OK
-------- Original IM Chat --------
-------
Yakov Shafranovich / asrg <at> shaftek.org
SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc. / research <at> solidmatrix.com
"But in this world nothing can be said to be certain, except death and 
taxes" (Benjamin Franklin)
-------


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 "Jon Kyme" <jrk@merseymail.com> wrote:
> "license" smells of contract law - IANAL. I dare say a lawyer might have a
> view on this.

On Tue, 23 Dec 2003 05:44, Alan DeKok wrote:
>   Exactly.  In many cases, "license" is a synonym for "permission".

In law, "license" means "permission". Having a license literally means you 
have been given permission.

Software licenses are commonly also attempting to be contracts. Whether they 
actually become contracts depends on a lot of factors, including how you 
purchased the software, what you have done since receiving it, whether you 
have relied on it  to do something you would not otherwise have been able to 
do, and which state and country you are in.

As for the subject of this thread, it seems to me that the comparison between 
protocols per se is misguided and although I haven't read the whole thread, 
I'm surprised the topic has lasted this long. Spam (not SPAM, the meat 
product) is worse in SMTP because it's the protocol that allows the spammer 
to put the message in the face of the target. Change the protocol without 
changing the very nature of email, and spammers will still find ways to 
exploit it.

Take, for example, the MS network popup messaging protocol (whose name I don't 
recall). It also put the message in the face of the targets. It remained 
unabused for a long time because it's a low profile protocol that spammers 
simply hadn't considered. When they realised it was there, they started 
exploiting it rapidly. As it happened, the protocol wasn't very important, so 
it was either jettisonned entirely or blocked at routers in most places.

-- 
--
Troy Rollo				Chairman, CAUBE.AU
asrg@troy.rollo.name			Executive Director, iCAUCE


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From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@ox.org>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: [1] Why SPAM is worse in SMTP than in other protocols 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Tue, 23 Dec 2003 07:16:29 +1100."
             <200312230716.29709.asrg@troy.rollo.name> 
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Troy Rollo <asrg@troy.rollo.name> wrote:
> As for the subject of this thread, it seems to me that the
> comparison between protocols per se is misguided and although I
> haven't read the whole thread, I'm surprised the topic has lasted
> this long. Spam (not SPAM, the meat product) is worse in SMTP
> because it's the protocol that allows the spammer to put the message
> in the face of the target.

  HTTP puts messages in front of people, too, but the users have to
request it.  IRC also puts messages in front of people, but spammers
get booted off of the IRC network.  NNTP does it too, but things like
"cancel bots" get rid of a lot of the spam, before it's delivered.
(To say nothing of the Usenet Death Penalty.)

  None of these approaches work in SMTP.

> Take, for example, the MS network popup messaging protocol (whose
> name I don't recall). It also put the message in the face of the
> targets.

  And as you noticed, the abuse stopped because everyone decided they
didn't need the protocol.  We can't do that with SMTP.

  Please read the document.  It tries to explain all this in more
detail than I've included here.

  Alan DeKok.

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From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@ox.org>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: [1] Why SPAM is worse in SMTP than in other protocols 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Mon, 22 Dec 2003 14:38:09 EST."
             <3FE74821.3010706@solidmatrix.com> 
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Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com> wrote:
> The hard question would be how to define policy elements that people can
> agree on, which has been the sticking point until now. Even the elements
> defined in Carl's draft, people had issues with. Some kind of a registry
> would probably be needed.

  The policies can be opaque tokens in a registry, in which case
spammers can claim they don't know about the registry, and therefore
can't understand the policy.

  Or, the policy can be text, in which case there are international
language issues.

  SMTP is pseudo-English text.  I don't see why any policies published
in SMTP or related protocols can't be pseudo-English text, too.

  Alan DeKok.

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From: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: [1] Why SPAM is worse in SMTP than in other protocols
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Alan DeKok wrote:
> Troy Rollo <asrg@troy.rollo.name> wrote:
...
>>Take, for example, the MS network popup messaging protocol (whose
>>name I don't recall). It also put the message in the face of the
>>targets.
> 
>   And as you noticed, the abuse stopped because everyone decided they
> didn't need the protocol.  We can't do that with SMTP.
> 
>   Please read the document.  It tries to explain all this in more
> detail than I've included here.
> 

The very nature of MS's protocol is any-to-any, which is exactly what
the problem with SMTP is as well. BTW, link to the original document:

http://www.striker.ottawa.on.ca/~aland/smtp-sucks/problems.txt

Yakov
-------
Yakov Shafranovich / asrg <at> shaftek.org
SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc. / research <at> solidmatrix.com
"And this too shall come to pass"
-------


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From: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: [1] Why SPAM is worse in SMTP than in other protocols
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Alan DeKok wrote:
> Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com> wrote:
> 
>>The hard question would be how to define policy elements that people can
>>agree on, which has been the sticking point until now. Even the elements
>>defined in Carl's draft, people had issues with. Some kind of a registry
>>would probably be needed.
> 
> 
>   The policies can be opaque tokens in a registry, in which case
> spammers can claim they don't know about the registry, and therefore
> can't understand the policy.
> 
>   Or, the policy can be text, in which case there are international
> language issues.
> 
>   SMTP is pseudo-English text.  I don't see why any policies published
> in SMTP or related protocols can't be pseudo-English text, too.

I see the problem not in defining the format of policy tokens, but 
rather defitions of policies. For example, if your policy is not to 
accept UBE or UCE, how do you define UBE or UCE? Since defitions are 
very hard to arrive at, as we have seen, this would not be an easy task.

Yakov
-------
Yakov Shafranovich / asrg <at> shaftek.org
SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc. / research <at> solidmatrix.com
"Some lies are easier to believe than the truth" (Dune)
-------


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Some dumbass spam company that I apparently do business with accidently
forwarded me their entire year-to-date spam history.  I sanitized it to
protect the innocent, such as removing the "Subject", open relay
providers, and client names, but nevertheless found the stats to at
least be of interest to this group.

Enjoy.

------=_NextPart_000_00CB_01C3C8C1.BF767280
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: [1] Why SPAM is worse in SMTP than in other
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At 08:18 PM 2003/12/22 -0500, you wrote:

>   The LMAP discussion document (based on Hadmut's comments in RMX),
>says that the single hop use of SMTP is a large part of the reason why
>spam is so wide-spread.  There are 100's of millions of senders, each
>sending to only 100's of thousands of recipient MTA's.
>
> > How is this behavior helpful to stopping spam?
>
>   If that imbalance in the network was addressed, spam would become
>significantly more manageable.  It wouldn't stop entirely, but having
>a blacklist of 100K MTA's is signficantly easier than having
>blacklists of millions of IP's.

I have no particular expertise in mail servers or the Internet RFCs.  My 
viewpoint is thus quite simplistic.

I agree completely that the RFCs have to be changed, or some other 
mechanism, so that MTAs only take in email from other MTAs or authenticated 
clients of the MTA.   Recipient MTAs only accept emails from MTAs in the 
name lookup portion of the DNS.    Then we need some mechanism of ensuring 
that the recipient MTA is really receiving the email from the originating 
MTA.

 From my very simplistic view of the email systems it seems to me that the 
msgid id could be part of the verification mechanism.   The originating MTA 
stamps the outgoing email with a unique message id.  Once the header 
portion of the email is received then the recipient MTA does a name lookup 
on the originating MTA and verifies that the originating MTA sent that 
msgid.  Once the receipient MTA finishes accepting the email the 
originating MTA then never uses that msgid again.

And if all of this means updating the worlds email servers over the next 
year or two, well tough.  I for one am getting real tired of getting a 
hundred bounces a day from spammers forging email address for my domains 
and 200 or 300 Swen virusses a day.  And my domains and I are an 
insignificant portion or the worlds email traffic.

Tony
-----
Tony Toews, Microsoft Access MVP
Microsoft Access Links, Hints, Tips & Accounting Systems at
    http://www.granite.ab.ca/accsmstr.htm

--=======2B8679C3=======--


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From: asrg@johnlevine.com (John R. Levine)
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: [1] Why SPAM is worse in SMTP than in other protocols
Newsgroups: iecc.lists.asrg
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> Spam (not SPAM, the meat product) is worse in SMTP because it's the
> protocol that allows the spammer to put the message in the face of
> the target. Change the protocol without changing the very nature of
> email, and spammers will still find ways to exploit it.

It's not just that.  NNTP puts messages in the face of the target just
as much as SMTP does, but the spam problem on usenet, at least in the
big 8 groups, is negligible.  Why?  I'm not entirely sure.  The fact
that every site sees all the traffic makes bulk-based cancelbots
possible, but they're technically not all that hard to circumvent as
hipcrime's occasional forays into nanae have shown.  Does the
possibility of UDPs make usenet nodes behave more responsibly?  Is it
just that there's so many more e-mail users that spammers don't bother
with usenet any more?

I don't use instant message or chat much, but it is my impression that
other than virusbots like fizzer, IRC doesn't have much of a spam
problem.  Why not?  I'd think that it wouldn't be hard to write
spamware that sprinkled messages all over IRC?  Why don't we see much
instant message spam (at least relative to e-mail spam)?  Is it that
the popular IM systems are all closed with a central control point?

Regards,
John Levine, johnl@taugh.com, Taughannock Networks, Trumansburg NY
http://www.taugh.com



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>I don't use instant message or chat much, but it is my impression that
>other than virusbots like fizzer, IRC doesn't have much of a spam
>problem.  Why not?  I'd think that it wouldn't be hard to write
>spamware that sprinkled messages all over IRC?  Why don't we see much
>instant message spam (at least relative to e-mail spam)?  Is it that
>the popular IM systems are all closed with a central control point?
>

I'd guess it's that IM is (nearly) synchronous and so pretty much
automatically educates users in the art of sender (-ve/+ve) listing. Is it
true that sender forgery isn't do-able in IM ?


Anyway, here's why this thread is probably futile. It's not clear that we
can *quickly* conclude that a channel (protocol) is relatively free of spam
because of any identified characteristic of the *channel*. It may depend on
a characteristic of the users (and the spammers). Or the whole complex.

That said, we already know the key flaws in the current MTS. Weak "trust"
model, lack of "authentication", lack of means for distributing and
enforcing recipient policy. The very flexibility of the MTS, which has made
it so valuable for the transmission of arbitrary content in all of the
possible n-to-m modes, has made it valuable for abusers, as has the wide
deployment / high take-up. This is all well understood.

I'm sure that there are people in the group who could give us a new
protocol which might enable a MTS with fewer of the failings and many of
the strengths of the current system. It may be that this should be
considered a separate project from the task of developing and evaluating
"armour-plating" for the current MTS. Particularly given the very different
timescales that will apply in these two areas.








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> Why don't we see much
>instant message spam (at least relative to e-mail spam)?  Is it that
>the popular IM systems are all closed with a central control point?
>


Nice little article by David McGuire here:
http://www.washingtonpost.com/ac2/wp-dyn/A36039-2003Nov13






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References: <20031221005349.GH79972@Space.Net> <20031221155455.8793116FCB@mail.nitros9.org> <20031221205938.GC15194@Space.Net> <3FE62859.3080507@solidmatrix.com>
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Date: Tue, 23 Dec 2003 16:00:03 +0100
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Yakov Shafranovich wrote:
> So what comes out from this, is that SMTP operates on a hop-by-hop 
> basis, which in many cases is end-to-end since there is only a single 
> hop to be done.
> 
> Now the question is, what can we, as a RG, learn from this? How is this 
> behavior helpful to stopping spam? What comparisons can we draw from 
> this behavior to other protocols?

IMHO there is an email network built over the IP network. The email 
network is comparable to the IP network.

Routers are hop-by-hop devices on the IP network while MTAs are 
hop-by-hop devices on the email network.

IP numbers and mailbox addresses can not be owned they must licencing. 
IP numbers and mailbox addresses are (like) licence IDs.

IP routers can enforce licencing (can stop IP spoofing) because the 
communication paths related to the forward licensing structure of the IP 
numbers.

MTAs can not enforce licencing (email address forgery).

A host do forward licencing of IP number(s) to its services. A TCP 
service do forward licencing of port access to clients during the 
handshake while UDP does not. The port number and the sequence number 
are (like) licence IDs.

TCP can enforce the licencing because the sequence number is related to 
the sender and the licence number must be attached to each message. 
Additionaly sequence numbers are unpredictable by third parties.

Back to Your question:

 > How is this behavior helpful to stopping spam?

I dont know about spam-like traffic on the TCP network except port 
scanning, SYN flood and IP spoofing. They are comparable to dictionary 
attack, C/R attack and email address forgery on the email network.

Port scanning can be handled by log analysis, SYN flood attacks can be 
handled by cookies, and IP spoofing can be handled by exchanging 
unpredictable sequence numbers during a handshake procedure.

So organizing communication paths between MTAs closer to the forward 
licencing tree (as in the case on the IP network) and/or forward 
licencing mailbox resources to senders during handshake procedures will 
help enforcing sender licecing on the sender side and/or at the 
receiving side.

IMHO enforcing licences may significantly decrase delivery of (today) spam.



And back to the subject:

Spam is exist in SMTP because the communication paths of the email 
network does not related to an enforcable forward licencing structure 
and because senders can reserving resource from the receiver without 
licence.



z2


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From: asrg@johnlevine.com (John R. Levine)
To: asrg@ietf.org
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Subject: [Asrg] Re: Why SPAM is worse in SMTP than in other protocols
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>That said, we already know the key flaws in the current MTS. Weak
>"trust" model, lack of "authentication", lack of means for
>distributing and enforcing recipient policy. ...

The real reason there's e-mail spam is that e-mail by its nature the
costs are mostly borne by the recipient.  Everything else flows from
that.  There's no way to fix that without a top to bottom redesign and
maybe not even then.  (By fix I mean move the actual location of the
costs, not layering on an e-postage scheme that's supposed to
artificially compensate recipients and charge senders.)

There aren't any large-scale communication system in which all of the
participants are authenticated and I don't see that any of us know how
to build one.  Paper mail isn't authenticated at all, scribble any
return address you want on an envelope, and they'll deliver it.  The
phone system is probably as close as we'll get, but even there the
authentication is just sufficient to know who to bill for a call, not
to identify the caller, and we all know that tracing the source of a
phone call is not always easy.

All of the scams we see in spam started in other places.  "Make money
fast" started in paper mail -- I once got an actual paper Dave Rhodes
letter.  The 419 scam was done by mail and fax before it moved to
e-mail and in its original guise as the Spanish Prisoner, by quill
pens and sealing wax.  They moved to e-mail because it's cheap, not
because it's unauthenticated.

Even if you could build a gigantic authentication system for e-mail,
it'd only work to the extent that people played by the rules.  Look at
the banking and credit card system, which process a vast number of
daily transactions (but still a couple of orders of magnitude short of
e-mail) in which all of the participants are supposed to be known.
There's constant problems with bogus and bounced checks, invalid and
stolen credit cards, and other fake transactions.  Despite the
enormous scale, transactions still cost about a dime apiece, way too
expensive for e-mail.  Any authentication scheme we build will be
attacked in every way that the bad guys can invent, requiring whole
new layers of rules and sanctions, and I don't see any reason to think
that the problems from such a system would be less bad than the
problems we have now.

I'm not saying that solving the spam problem is hopeless, but I am
saying that lack of authentication isn't the problem, too much mail to
people who don't want it is the problem.  Authentication can help
track a lot of the mail so that non-technical sanctions can be applied
to the senders, but it's only one tool in the toolbox.

Regards,
John Levine, johnl@taugh.com, Taughannock Networks, Trumansburg NY
http://www.taugh.com


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From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@ox.org>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: Why SPAM is worse in SMTP than in other protocols 
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asrg@johnlevine.com (John R. Levine) wrote:
> The real reason there's e-mail spam is that e-mail by its nature the
> costs are mostly borne by the recipient.  Everything else flows from
> that.  There's no way to fix that without a top to bottom redesign and
> maybe not even then.

  Greylisting moves some of the cost to the sender, by slowing down
the rate at which messages are sent.

> There aren't any large-scale communication system in which all of the
> participants are authenticated and I don't see that any of us know how
> to build one.

  I agree.  And I'm not sure if we *want* such a system.  Holding
senders accountable is a good idea, but that doesn't mean they need to
be individually authenticated.

> All of the scams we see in spam started in other places.  ...  They
> moved to e-mail because it's cheap, not because it's
> unauthenticated.

  Cheap also means fast turn-around times.  It takes time to set up
scams with pen and paper, and you can't reach many people.  The
Internet is a god-send for scammers: reach millions of people with
near-zero cost.

  Therefore, the obvious ways to attack scammers is to reduce the
number of people they can reach, and to increase their costs.
Authentication won't help here.

  Alan DeKok.

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In-Reply-To: <20031223154953.3417.qmail@xuxa.iecc.com>
Subject: [Asrg] Re: Why SPAM is worse in SMTP than in other protocols
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>>That said, we already know the key flaws in the current MTS. Weak
>>"trust" model, lack of "authentication", lack of means for
>>distributing and enforcing recipient policy. ...
>
>
>The real reason there's e-mail spam is that e-mail by its nature the
>costs are mostly borne by the recipient.  Everything else flows from
>that.  There's no way to fix that without a top to bottom redesign and
>maybe not even then.  (By fix I mean move the actual location of the
>costs, not layering on an e-postage scheme that's supposed to
>artificially compensate recipients and charge senders.)
>

is this ASRG policy now ?
:-)






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From: asrg@johnlevine.com (John R. Levine)
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: Why SPAM is worse in SMTP than in other protocols
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>>The real reason there's e-mail spam is that e-mail by its nature the
>>costs are mostly borne by the recipient.  Everything else flows from
>>that.  There's no way to fix that without a top to bottom redesign
>>and maybe not even then.  (By fix I mean move the actual location of
>>the costs, not layering on an e-postage scheme that's supposed to
>>artificially compensate recipients and charge senders.)

>is this ASRG policy now ?

Sure, I suppose so.  We're working on a new improved charter which
isn't quite done, but I can promise that it doesn't contain the word
"consent".

For my take on e-postage, see my paper at http://www.taugh.com.  It
explains why even if we could technically implement an e-postage
system, which we can't, it wouldn't work anyway.

Regards,
John Levine, johnl@taugh.com, Taughannock Networks, Trumansburg NY
http://www.taugh.com


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John R. Levine wrote:
> Sure, I suppose so.  We're working on a new improved charter which
> isn't quite done, but I can promise that it doesn't contain the word
> "consent".

What is this about, and why has none of it been mentioned on the list 
before? I'd imagine that a complete rewrite of the group's charter is 
probably something that should be a public process.

Philip Miller


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There were some problems yesterday with IETF's mail servers, and some 
messages bounced. You can find some more information here:

http://www.ietf.org/mail-archive/ietf/Current/msg23652.html

Please let us or the IETF mail admin know if it happens again.

Yakov
-------
Yakov Shafranovich / asrg <at> shaftek.org
SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc. / research <at> solidmatrix.com
"I want to know G-d's thoughts... the rest are details" (Albert Einstein)
-------


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[Subject changed. Mod.]

Jon Kyme wrote:
>>I don't use instant message or chat much, but it is my impression that
>>other than virusbots like fizzer, IRC doesn't have much of a spam
>>problem.  Why not?  I'd think that it wouldn't be hard to write
>>spamware that sprinkled messages all over IRC?  Why don't we see much
>>instant message spam (at least relative to e-mail spam)?  Is it that
>>the popular IM systems are all closed with a central control point?
>>
> 
> 
> I'd guess it's that IM is (nearly) synchronous and so pretty much
> automatically educates users in the art of sender (-ve/+ve) listing. Is it
> true that sender forgery isn't do-able in IM ?
> 

With the current "big" centralized systems such as MSN, Yahoo, AIM and
ICQ that is true. However, with XMPP (Jabber), IM becomes distributed
among servers, just like email, with an ability for a malicious IM
server or an "IM relay" to be introduced into the system which can forge
IMs and inject spam IMs into the network.

If you take a look at the current XMPP draft, it explictly talks about
methods to detect malicious and forged servers. It recommends using SASL
and TLS for inter-server communications, and a DNS method kind of like
LMAP. There is also a "server callback" method, kind of like C/R for
servers, which was used before and is present for backwards
compatability. The draft is here:

http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-xmpp-core-20.txt

It also includes the following interesting snippet, which basically says
that any IM server can deny access to any other IM server:

"  Because service provisioning is a matter of policy, it is OPTIONAL
    for any given domain to communicate with other domains, and
    server-to-server communications MAY be disabled by the administrator
    of any given deployment.  If a particular domain enables inter-domain
    communications, it SHOULD enable high security.
"

Yakov

P.S. As an interesting historical footnote, the original SMTP document, 
RFC 821, defines a bunch of other commands in addition to MAIL FROM, 
such as SEND FROM, SOML FROM, and SAML, which send messages directly to 
the user's terminal, whichs sounds awfully like IM. Just imagine if SMTP 
was used for IM...


-------
Yakov Shafranovich / asrg <at> shaftek.org
SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc. / research <at> solidmatrix.com
"Be liberal in what you accept, and conservative in what you send" (Jon 
Postel)
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[Subject changed, was "Re: [Asrg] Re: [1] Why SPAM is worse in SMTP than 
in other  protocols". Mod.]

Tony Toews wrote:
> At 08:18 PM 2003/12/22 -0500, you wrote:
> 
>>   The LMAP discussion document (based on Hadmut's comments in RMX),
>> says that the single hop use of SMTP is a large part of the reason why
>> spam is so wide-spread.  There are 100's of millions of senders, each
>> sending to only 100's of thousands of recipient MTA's.
>>
>> > How is this behavior helpful to stopping spam?
>>
>>   If that imbalance in the network was addressed, spam would become
>> significantly more manageable.  It wouldn't stop entirely, but having
>> a blacklist of 100K MTA's is signficantly easier than having
>> blacklists of millions of IP's.
> 
..

>  From my very simplistic view of the email systems it seems to me that 
> the msgid id could be part of the verification mechanism.   The 
> originating MTA stamps the outgoing email with a unique message id.  
> Once the header portion of the email is received then the recipient MTA 
> does a name lookup on the originating MTA and verifies that the 
> originating MTA sent that msgid.  Once the receipient MTA finishes 
> accepting the email the originating MTA then never uses that msgid again.
...

This approach is outlined by William Elan (he calls it "callback"):

http://www.elan.net/~william/asrg-emailpathverification-presentation.pdf

This is also mentioned in the CRI proposal (level 2):

http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-irtf-asrg-cri-00.txt

This basic argument against this is that it is very resource intensive, 
with a lot of extra costs such as more powerful servers that can handle 
callbacks, more bandwidth, and extra disk space to store IDs. There are 
also DOS issues: someone forging a domain can cause the forged domain to 
go under with too many callbacks. There are privacy issues as well, and 
possible replay attacks.

However, the bottom line here, is that why go through the trouble of 
checking every single message. Granted that it increases costs, 
nevertheless if we can significantly reduce the problem through 
verification of MTAs as opposed to senders and messages, why go through 
the extra costs of message verification. This proposal is on the table, 
but we will pursue it only if a significant advantage vs. costs can be 
proven for this way of doing things, over others requiring less costs.

Yakov

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Yakov Shafranovich / asrg <at> shaftek.org
SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc. / research <at> solidmatrix.com
"Some lies are easier to believe than the truth" (Dune)
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From: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>
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Subject: [Asrg] 6. Proposals -  LMAP - Similarities in XMPP
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While looking at the XMPP draft for IM, I came across a method described 
there about verification of servers via DNS, which sounds awfully like 
LMAP. The original draft can be found here:

http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-xmpp-core-20.txt

In section 10.2, the following snippet:

" There exists no server-to-server stream between the two domains: The
       sender's server (1) resolves the hostname of the foreign domain
       (as defined under Server-to-Server Communications (Section 14.3))
    ...
"

Section 14.3 described the DNS lookups:

"  Inter-domain connections MUST NOT proceed until the DNS hostnames
    asserted by the servers have been resolved. Such resolutions MUST
    first attempt to resolve the hostname using an [SRV] Service of
    "xmpp-server" and Proto of "tcp", resulting in resource records such
    as "_xmpp-server._tcp.example.com. ... If the SRV lookup fails,
    the fallback is a normal IPv4/IPv6 address record resolution to
    determine the IP address, using the "xmpp-server" port of 5269
    registered with the IANA.
"

Now from my reading of "until the DNS hostnames asserted by the servers" 
sounds like this must take place on both on outgoing AND incoming 
messages, which seems to tie in IP addresses to domains, exactly like 
LMAP. This also does not use TXT or RR records, but rather does this via 
SRV records. This is very similar to the method described in 
(http://www.irtf.org/asrg/draft-vixie-repudiating-mail-from.txt) which 
uses the same single RR, MX, for both incoming and outgoing mail.

Of course the XMPP spec recommends TLS and SASL use as well, which has 
already defined for SMTP in RFCs 3207 and 2554.

Yakov
-------
Yakov Shafranovich / asrg <at> shaftek.org
SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc. / research <at> solidmatrix.com
"They that can give up essential liberty to obtain a little temporary 
safety deserve neither liberty nor safety" (Benjamin Franklin)
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Subject: [Asrg] 1. Inventory of Problems - Costs of email
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[Subject changed.]

John R. Levine wrote:
>>That said, we already know the key flaws in the current MTS. Weak
>>"trust" model, lack of "authentication", lack of means for
>>distributing and enforcing recipient policy. ...
> 
> 
> The real reason there's e-mail spam is that e-mail by its nature the
> costs are mostly borne by the recipient.  Everything else flows from
> that.  There's no way to fix that without a top to bottom redesign and
> maybe not even then.  (By fix I mean move the actual location of the
> costs, not layering on an e-postage scheme that's supposed to
> artificially compensate recipients and charge senders.)
> 

An important point to be kept in mind that many of the costs of e-mail 
are not tangible money costs like postage or e-postage. For example, a 
lot of email spam is being sent via other people's systems such as open
relays and hacked computers. That means that those resources which have
a certain monetary value are being exploited by spammers for free. Same
goes for forged domains - if they use their own domains, domains costs
money and increase their costs slightly. Even junk mail in the postal
system costs more money aside from postage - it costs money to print,
seal and deliver the envelopes at the post office.

An additional point here is that a lot of the costs are computer 
resources - it costs money to run and buy filters (IETF's mail server 
just crashed recently because of additional processing power needed for 
SpamAssasin). It also costs money to administer anti-spam systems, and 
configure them, it costs money to use some RBLs and outsourcing the 
stuff to BrightMail and Postini costs money. On the other hand, the 
sender does not need to do anything at all - just connect on port 25 and 
  pump the junk in. That's why proposals shifting some of the burdens on 
the sender such as C/R, Yahoo's DK, LMAP, callbacks, GreyListing, 
digital certificates, etc. are good, but each come with their own 
disadvantages and some increase costs for both the sender AND receiver 
(C/R for ex.).

Yakov
-------
Yakov Shafranovich / asrg <at> shaftek.org
SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc. / research <at> solidmatrix.com
"All that is gold does not glitter" (LOTR)
-------


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From: "Tom Bartel" <tbartel@returnpath.net>
To: "'Tom Bartel'" <tbartel@returnpath.net>, <asrg@ietf.org>
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Subject: [Asrg] Exploits for identity
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What does the group think about formmail (cgi script) exploits relative
to new/modified technology to stem spam.

I just worked with someone whose simple "contact us" web form was
exploited in a slightly more advanced way than the classic formmail.pl
exploit.  

Bottom line is, spammer had unfettered access, sending mail from a
machine whose identity would have passed "authorization" or "identity"
verification.

I think the solutions that are evolving here have great merit, and
progress is evident - but this event reminded me about the scourge of
spammers out there and their willingness to misuse any system or
available component.

Is this type of misuse appropriate to consider in a technology change,
or is it better left to legal enforcement under unauthorized
use/access/etc. laws?

Thx.

Tom Bartel
303.642.4104

---
Outgoing mail is certified Virus Free.
Checked by AVG anti-virus system (http://www.grisoft.com).
Version: 6.0.555 / Virus Database: 347 - Release Date: 12/23/2003
 


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Subject: [Asrg] 2a. Analysis - Addressing Identity Exploits
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[Subject changed as per posting guidelines, was "Exploits for identity". 
Mod.]

Tom Bartel wrote:
> What does the group think about formmail (cgi script) exploits relative
> to new/modified technology to stem spam.
> 
> I just worked with someone whose simple "contact us" web form was
> exploited in a slightly more advanced way than the classic formmail.pl
> exploit.  
> 
> Bottom line is, spammer had unfettered access, sending mail from a
> machine whose identity would have passed "authorization" or "identity"
> verification.
> 
> I think the solutions that are evolving here have great merit, and
> progress is evident - but this event reminded me about the scourge of
> spammers out there and their willingness to misuse any system or
> available component.
> 
> Is this type of misuse appropriate to consider in a technology change,
> or is it better left to legal enforcement under unauthorized
> use/access/etc. laws?
> 
> Thx.
> 
> Tom Bartel
> 303.642.4104
> 
> ---
> Outgoing mail is certified Virus Free.
> Checked by AVG anti-virus system (http://www.grisoft.com).
> Version: 6.0.555 / Virus Database: 347 - Release Date: 12/23/2003
>  
> 
> 
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg
> 

-------
Yakov Shafranovich / asrg <at> shaftek.org
SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc. / research <at> solidmatrix.com
"Power tends to corrupt, and absolute power corrupts absolutely" (Lord 
Acton)
-------


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Subject: [Asrg] 0. General - search of address hiding recommendations
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I mean some mailing list (web forum, etc) do some encoding before 
publishing the sender address. These are algorithmic encodings so 
somewhere in the future these addresses can be spammed.

A possible solution may be deleting some characters from the sender 
email address. (Of course the domain must enable this operation somehow.)

Is there any recommendation about future proof address hiding for 
mailing lists controlled by the sender domains?


z2


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From: Philip Miller <millenix@zemos.net>
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Subject: Forgery in SMTP (was [Asrg] [1] Why SPAM is worse in SMTP than in
 other protocols)
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There are two problems caused by the potential forgery that is possible in SMTP:
1. Filtering by sender's address is hard when someone could forge a friend's
address.
2. One can't hold the victim of the forgery accountable for the junk
transmitted.

The first problem makes whitelisting slightly troublesome. However, it
doesn't actually affect any other filtering, because a spammer with a
million addresses on his list can't figure out who's on the whitelists of
all of his recipients. Thus, the best the spammer can do is use addresses
that are totally unknown. The one exception to this would be a stolen
distribution list of an email newsletter, in which case that spammer could
forge the publisher's address. As long as filters don't implicitly trust
unknown addresses, this forgery doesn't get any more spam through.

Accountability is a much thornier issue. Technical solutions are attractive,
but they require widespread buy-in before one can start rejecting messages
that don't have a sender to hold accountable. On the other hand, a legal
approach could be more powerful than we think. If the owner of an IP address
were held responsible for mail transmitted from that address, there would be
specific motivation for everyone to do their part towards security.
Businesses would have a quantifiable legal liability to compare to the cost
of locking down their networks, and ISPs would have a reason to secure their
customers' computers. My biggest misgiving is that this would be a strong
push in the 'filter port 25' direction for ISPs.

--
Philip Miller


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Subject: Re: [Asrg] 6. Proposals: LMAP - Forwarding Comment and Recommended
 Changes
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Alan, any thoughts on the
Re: [Asrg] 6. Proposals: LMAP - Forwarding Comment and Recommended Changes
thread? 
It does seem that some solution to the mail looping possibility that 
LMAP's current envelope rewriting creates is a must.
It seems that when there's envelope rewriting, the return address must 
be encoded/stored somewhere, and used when there are bounces.
ENVID or something like it seems like the right solution.  There are 
umpteen ways the ENVID could be used to confidently ensure that the 
relay only relays back bounces of emails it has sent. (As a server would 
be dealing with its own ENVIDs, perhaps the way that this is done need  
be suggested but not required.)

The usage for ENVID that we are considering would break rules specified 
in RFC 1891:

(a) Any ENVID parameter included in the MAIL command when a message was
    received, MUST also appear on the MAIL command with which the
    message is relayed, with the same associated esmtp-value.  If no
    ENVID parameter was included in the MAIL command when the message
    was received, the ENVID parameter MUST NOT be supplied when the
    message is relayed.

Relays should be adding ENVID parameters, though they MUST NOT.
In multihop forwards, we would be replacing, not preserving the ENVID.
Careful consideration of the consequences is needed before we break 
these rules!


On 12/17/2003 2:18 PM, Markus Stumpf sent forth electrons to convey:

> ...
>
>[W]ithout tracking, return-path rewriting with routing
>information may lead to the same problems we had with
>     user%destination@relay
>addresses, with the diefference that it now has a form
>     user=destination%otheruser@relay
>  
>
What are these problems, and will they exist in an LMAP world?
Let me guess: relay gets a bounce to user=destination%otheruser@relay 
that isn't really a bounce; it's spam to user@destination.
Without tracking, the relay could still only allow bounces that looked 
like bounces (MDNs or from postmaster/mailer-daemon) but a spec allowing 
this would still effectively be saying it's OK to run an open bounce 
relay, which would be bad.

Currently, I can send spam by sending 'from' the target address 'to' an 
invalid address on a machine that accepts and bounces such email to the 
target address.
However, this is not possible with most machines, which refuse, instead 
of accept and bounce such email.  This is best practice, and 
increasingly common.

I would like to suggest two alternate solutions that resolve the mail 
looping possibility.
1)The sending system connects to relaying-lmap-mta and begins sending an 
email to an address that has forwarding set up to next-mta.
relaying-lmap-mta receives the email up to the end-of-data marker, but 
does not reply immediately.
Instead, it initiates relaying of the message to the destination.  Only 
after next-mta accepts the message does relaying-lmap-mta accept the 
message from the sending system.
This solution will not work in the rare situation where 
relaying-lmap-mta is not continuously connected to the 'net.
However, it works in the vast majority of cases, and will reduce bounces.
Perhaps this should be done, wherever possible, with ENVID as a fallback 
solution only when relaying-lmap-mta is not connected to the 'net.
2)A second alternate solution would be for the sending system to be told 
the forwarding address by relaying-lmap-mta (e.g. using EXPN) and send 
the message directly there iteself, but this would cause privacy and 
security problems; seems like a nonstarter.





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From: David Maxwell <david@crlf.net>
To: "John R. Levine" <asrg@johnlevine.com>
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: Why SPAM is worse in SMTP than in other protocols
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On Tue, Dec 23, 2003 at 03:49:53PM -0000, John R. Levine wrote:
> The real reason there's e-mail spam is that e-mail by its nature the
> costs are mostly borne by the recipient.  Everything else flows from
> that.  There's no way to fix that without a top to bottom redesign and
> maybe not even then.  (By fix I mean move the actual location of the
> costs, not layering on an e-postage scheme that's supposed to
> artificially compensate recipients and charge senders.)

You're making the issue sound black and white (or black and black, with
the "maybe not even then").

There are certainly technical solutions that would significantly improve
some user's experience of Internet email with regard to receiving less
spam.

> I'm not saying that solving the spam problem is hopeless, but I am
> saying that lack of authentication isn't the problem, too much mail to
> people who don't want it is the problem.  Authentication can help
> track a lot of the mail so that non-technical sanctions can be applied
> to the senders, but it's only one tool in the toolbox.

Authentication can also allow one to apply technical sanctions. "Lack of
authentication" may not be the problem, but that doesn't mean that
"authentication" can't be part of the solution.

-- 
David Maxwell, david@vex.net|david@maxwell.net --> Unless you have a solution
when you tell them things like that, most people collapse into a gibbering, 
unthinking mass.  This is the same reason why you probably don't tell your 
boss about everything you read on BugTraq!    - Signal 11


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Cc: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: Why SPAM is worse in SMTP than in other protocols
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On Tue, Dec 23, 2003 at 06:27:40PM -0000, John R. Levine wrote:
> >>The real reason there's e-mail spam is that e-mail by its nature the
> >>costs are mostly borne by the recipient.  Everything else flows from
> >>that.  There's no way to fix that without a top to bottom redesign
> >>and maybe not even then.  (By fix I mean move the actual location of
> >>the costs, not layering on an e-postage scheme that's supposed to
> >>artificially compensate recipients and charge senders.)
> 
> >is this ASRG policy now ?
> 
> Sure, I suppose so.  We're working on a new improved charter which
> isn't quite done, but I can promise that it doesn't contain the word
> "consent".

Does that mean that the equivalent intent will be shown, without using
the "C" word - or that the intent of the research group will change?

I found Consent to be a very useful concept in the analysis of spam.
What are the reasons for it dissapearing from the charter?

-- 
David Maxwell, david@vex.net|david@maxwell.net --> The only difference I see
between voodoo and marketing research is that voodoo sometimes works! 
						- Leonard Stern 



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From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@ox.org>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: Forgery in SMTP (was [Asrg] [1] Why SPAM is worse in SMTP than in other protocols) 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Wed, 24 Dec 2003 12:34:32 EST."
             <3FE9CE28.9000105@zemos.net> 
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Philip Miller <millenix@zemos.net> wrote:
> There are two problems caused by the potential forgery that is possible in SMTP:
> 1. Filtering by sender's address is hard when someone could forge a friend's
> address.

  Which is where accountability comes in.

> 2. One can't hold the victim of the forgery accountable for the junk
> transmitted.

  Why not?  If they haven't done anything to prevent the (ab)use of
their name, how can the recipient tell if a message is real, or
abusive?

  If they have made public statements about accountability, then they
can prevent forgery by allowing the recipient to verify that
accountability.

  e.g. You can't rent a car unless you show identification.  It's not
a government conspiracy, it's so that the rental agency can make you
pay, if you wrap the car around a tree.

> Accountability is a much thornier issue. Technical solutions are attractive,
> but they require widespread buy-in before one can start rejecting messages
> that don't have a sender to hold accountable.

  Exactly.  The single largest problem with LMAP is the sheer number
of people who won't be using it.

> If the owner of an IP address were held responsible for mail
> transmitted from that address, there would be specific motivation
> for everyone to do their part towards security.

  In many jurisdictions, communications providers are indemnified for
any illegal activities by their customers.

  Alan DeKok.

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On Wed, Dec 24, 2003 at 03:34:56PM -0500, Alan DeKok wrote
> Philip Miller <millenix@zemos.net> wrote:
> > There are two problems caused by the potential forgery that is possible in SMTP:
> > 1. Filtering by sender's address is hard when someone could forge a friend's
> > address.
> 
>   Which is where accountability comes in.
> 
> > 2. One can't hold the victim of the forgery accountable for the junk
> > transmitted.
> 
>   Why not?  If they haven't done anything to prevent the (ab)use of
> their name, how can the recipient tell if a message is real, or
> abusive?

  A spammer sends out a viagra spam "From: "Alan DeKok" <*****@ox.org>".
How are the 20 million strangers it's addressed to going to *REJECT* it?
At these volumes, merely accepting the email and storing it in
recipients' "spam folders" will cause smaller ISPs to run out of
mailspool space.  What actions can *YOU* take that would allow
verification/authentication of the "From:" during the SMTP transaction ?

>   In many jurisdictions, communications providers are indemnified for
> any illegal activities by their customers.

  Maybe the responsibility should be placed on the person/company
nominally in control of the sending machine.  I.e. the owner of a
compromised home machine that is spewing out this garbage, or the renter
of compromised colo machine who has put a copy of "Matt's Monstrosity"
in his CGI directory.

-- 
Walter Dnes <waltdnes@waltdnes.org>
Email users are divided into two classes;
1) Those who have effective spam-blocking
2) Those who wish they did

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Subject: Re: [Asrg] 6. Proposals: LMAP - Forwarding Comment and Recommended Changes
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> 
> The usage for ENVID that we are considering would break rules specified 
> in RFC 1891:
> 
> (a) Any ENVID parameter included in the MAIL command when a message was
>     received, MUST also appear on the MAIL command with which the
>     message is relayed, with the same associated esmtp-value.  If no
>     ENVID parameter was included in the MAIL command when the message
>     was received, the ENVID parameter MUST NOT be supplied when the
>     message is relayed.
> 
> Relays should be adding ENVID parameters, though they MUST NOT.
> In multihop forwards, we would be replacing, not preserving the ENVID.
> Careful consideration of the consequences is needed before we break 
> these rules!
> 
> 

If the message has a new envelope then it's a new message. Even if it has
the same *body* as another message. So we're not really relaying when we do
this kind of forwarding - we're injecting a *new* message into the MTS. So
why not create an ENVID?


Consider mail forwarding for some hosting clients. Their MXs point to one
of our machines which just has a bunch of aliases to shove the mail on to
whatever their "real email" is. So mail to info@client.example.com comes to
us. Then, in the aliasing, a *new* message for
localpart@clients.isp.example.net is generated.
That is to say, mail to info@client.example.com is addressed to an entity
which is responsible for generating new messages actually to the client -
it's not relaying as such, because the envelope is new.





--

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References: <3FE9CE28.9000105@zemos.net> <20031224203456.54F6D170A5@mail.nitros9.org> <20031225032524.GA2580@m433>
In-Reply-To: <20031225032524.GA2580@m433>
X-Habeas-SWE-1: winter into spring
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Subject: [Asrg] Re: 03.1 Re: Forgery in SMTP (applying flame retardent)
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On 12/24/2003 7:25 PM, Walter Dnes sent forth electrons to convey:

>On Wed, Dec 24, 2003 at 03:34:56PM -0500, Alan DeKok wrote
>  
>
>>Philip Miller <millenix@zemos.net> wrote:
>>    
>>
>>>There are two problems caused by the potential forgery that is possible in SMTP:
>>>1. Filtering by sender's address is hard when someone could forge a friend's
>>>address.
>>>      
>>>
>>  Which is where accountability comes in.
>>    
>>
Walt: I think Alan is implicitly referring to the LMAP technology, which 
WILL allow the victim to prevent abuse of their name.
Of course, it doesn't work IRL yet, and I can see how you wouldn't 
realise he was referring to it. 
Flamewar quenched, I hope.  Chill, guys.

>>    
>>
>>>2. One can't hold the victim of the forgery accountable for the junk
>>>transmitted.
>>>      
>>>
>>  Why not?  If they haven't done anything to prevent the (ab)use of
>>their name, how can the recipient tell if a message is real, or
>>abusive?
>>    
>>
>
>  A spammer sends out a viagra spam "From: "Alan DeKok" <*****@ox.org>".
>How are the 20 million strangers it's addressed to going to *REJECT* it?
>At these volumes, merely accepting the email and storing it in
>recipients' "spam folders" will cause smaller ISPs to run out of
>mailspool space.  What actions can *YOU* take that would allow
>verification/authentication of the "From:" during the SMTP transaction ?
>
>  
>
>>  In many jurisdictions, communications providers are indemnified for
>>any illegal activities by their customers.
>>    
>>
>
>  Maybe the responsibility should be placed on the person/company
>nominally in control of the sending machine.  I.e. the owner of a
>compromised home machine that is spewing out this garbage, or the renter
>of compromised colo machine who has put a copy of "Matt's Monstrosity"
>in his CGI directory.
>  
>
Most blacklists and complaints to abuse desks tend to cause the ISPs in 
control to accept responsibility, but they're far from perfect.
Laws sometimes do require them to accept responsibility.  IIRC, AOL 
successfully sued a spammers ISP where the ISP itself really was a front 
for the spammer, but I'm getting OT.



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Subject: [Asrg] Microsoft publicly announces Penny Black PoW postage project
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http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/technology/3324883.stm

Adam Back is part of this team, I think.

Similar approach to Camram/hahscash.  Memory-based approaches have been 
discussed.  Why hasn't Camram explored them?

steve

BTW, Penny Black stamp was only used briefly.  It was the Penny Red which 
was used for decades.  


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To: Steve Schear <s.schear@comcast.net>, Asrg@ietf.org
From: Art Pollard <pollarda@lextek.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Microsoft publicly announces Penny Black PoW
  postage project
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At 10:14 AM 12/26/2003, you wrote:


>http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/technology/3324883.stm

The concern that I would have is whether Microsoft has any patents 
currently in existence or any submarine patents that Microsoft will 
finalize in 5-10 years and demand a lock on e-mail if it is adopted.

I wouldn't worry about such techniques from most other companies since most 
try to be on the up-and up but Microsoft has a history of pulling stunts 
such as this. (Such as when they programmed early versions of Windows to 
crash when DRDOS was running which killed DRDOS. Novell won the suit but 
Microsoft still had the permanent lock on the market at that point.)

What would be nice though is if someone could set the amount of time it 
takes to have messages pass through.  For example, the president of IBM 
would have a higher "cost" for his time than the average home user.

-Art
-- 
Art Pollard
http://www.lextek.com/
Suppliers of High Performance Text Retrieval Engines.


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Subject: [Asrg] 6. Proposals - C/R and "callbacks"
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At 12:00 PM 2003/12/24 -0500, you wrote:

> >  From my very simplistic view of the email systems it seems to me that
> > the msgid id could be part of the verification mechanism.   The
> > originating MTA stamps the outgoing email with a unique message id.
> > Once the header portion of the email is received then the recipient MTA
> > does a name lookup on the originating MTA and verifies that the
> > originating MTA sent that msgid.  Once the receipient MTA finishes
> > accepting the email the originating MTA then never uses that msgid again.
>...
>
>This approach is outlined by William Elan (he calls it "callback"):
>http://www.elan.net/~william/asrg-emailpathverification-presentation.pdf
>This is also mentioned in the CRI proposal (level 2):
>http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-irtf-asrg-cri-00.txt

Thanks for the URLs.  I'll review those

>This basic argument against this is that it is very resource intensive,
>with a lot of extra costs such as more powerful servers that can handle
>callbacks, more bandwidth, and extra disk space to store IDs.

More powerful servers?  Well sure but what are we doing now to handle spam 
with word and Bayesian etc filtering along with RBL lookups?   In addition 
the msgid would only be verified by the receiving MTA when the sending MTA 
is actually sending the email header info.  So the msgid is already in RAM 
thus no cost to do a disk I/O to retrieve information.

More bandwidth?  If this kind of thing cuts spam by a significant margin 
that's a good tradeoff. Also the network traffic is only as many bytes as 
the msgid plus some overhead along with the ack by the transmitting 
MTA.   Along with retrieving the IP address of the sending MTA from the 
domain name in the email header.

Disk space?  Every email currently has, or should have, a unique msgid.

>There are
>also DOS issues: someone forging a domain can cause the forged domain to
>go under with too many callbacks.

DOS could happen today with someone sending lots of emails to a given 
receiving MTA.

>There are privacy issues as well, and
>possible replay attacks.

I don't see the privacy issues here.    Replay attack?  Same as a DOS.

>However, the bottom line here, is that why go through the trouble of
>checking every single message. Granted that it increases costs,
>nevertheless if we can significantly reduce the problem through
>verification of MTAs as opposed to senders and messages, why go through
>the extra costs of message verification. This proposal is on the table,
>but we will pursue it only if a significant advantage vs. costs can be
>proven for this way of doing things, over others requiring less costs.

Ok, this makes sense.   But if I understand the proposals the public key 
will be retained by the DNS servers.   Thus increasing the load on those 
servers.   Mind you they would be cached by your "closest" DNS server so 
that wouldn't be too bad.

Tony
-----
Tony Toews, Microsoft Access MVP
Microsoft Access Links, Hints, Tips & Accounting Systems at
    http://www.granite.ab.ca/accsmstr.htm

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To: Art Pollard <pollarda@lextek.com>, Asrg@ietf.org
From: Art Pollard <pollarda@lextek.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Microsoft publicly announces Penny Black PoW
  postage project
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One problem I see with Microsoft's approach is that spammers could build 
server farms to combat it.  In fact, the fact that it uses RAM access 
speeds as a speed determining factor rather than CPU speeds has in fact 
just as serious a problem as the CPU speed issue.

Spammers could build server farms with cheap inexpensive computers and 10 
computers would allow them to send out 10 times the amount of spam.

By basing the algorithm on disk access times rather than CPU times, it 
would mean that spammers could then use cheap inexpensive computers to 
solve the puzzle.  For example, how expensive would it be to buy Pentium 
100's, 486's or even 386's (if you can find them) and build a server 
farm?  These used systems could be had for less than $100 and perhaps far less.

It might help slow down the "home" spammer but surely those that send out 
the bulk of the spam can afford additional computers to divide up the CPU 
processing load (and the power to power them.)

-Art
-- 
Art Pollard
http://www.lextek.com/
Suppliers of High Performance Text Retrieval Engines.


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Subject: [Asrg] 6. Proposals - Computational - MSFT's "Penny Black"
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[Subject changed as per posting guidelines, was "Re: [Asrg] Microsoft
publicly announces Penny Black PoW  postage project". Mod.]

Art Pollard wrote:
> At 10:14 AM 12/26/2003, you wrote:
> 
>> http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/technology/3324883.stm
> 

Some interesting quotes:

> The idea was originally formulated to use CPU memory cycles by team 
> member Cynthia Dwork in 1992. But they soon realised it was better to
>  use memory latency - the time it takes for the computer's processor 
> to get information from its memory chip - than CPU power.

They are addressing one of the problems with HashCash - spammers with
faster computers can do it faster, and also mobile users will have
problems as well.

> That way, it does not matter how old or new a computer is because the
>  system does not rely on processor chip speeds, which can improve at 
> rapid rates.
> 
> A cryptographic puzzle that is simple enough not to bog down the 
> processor too much, but that requires information to be accessed from
>  memory, levels the difference between older and newer computers.

One problem that I see with this that nothing prevents spammers from
building specialized chips to do the computation. I remember sometime
ago that a specialized computer or chip was build to crack DES. But then
again, I am not a big cryptography expert and a lot of the details here
are murky.

> 
> The concern that I would have is whether Microsoft has any patents 
> currently in existence or any submarine patents that Microsoft will 
> finalize in 5-10 years and demand a lock on e-mail if it is adopted.
> 

This brings us to another interest quote in the article:

> "Microsoft's idea is to shift this cost burden from the recipient to 
> the sender, which in itself seems like a reasonable sentiment." But,
> he said, for such a scheme to be all-encompassing, there would have
> to be some provision for open standards, so that it is not 
> proprietary to Microsoft.

I wouldn't be suprised if they came here asking for standards on their 
technology, but if that does happen, they are required to disclose their 
IPR ahead of time.

What is also strange to me, is that they are releasing this by 
themselves, not as part of their "big gorilla" alliance with AOL and 
Yahoo. Taking into account that Yahoo released their proposal by 
themselves as well, it raises questions about their alliance.

Yakov
-------
Yakov Shafranovich / asrg <at> shaftek.org
SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc. / research <at> solidmatrix.com
  "Why are both drug addicts and computer aficionados both called 
users?" (Clifford Stoll)
-------


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Tony Toews wrote:
> [snip]
>> This basic argument against this is that it is very resource intensive,
>> with a lot of extra costs such as more powerful servers that can handle
>> callbacks, more bandwidth, and extra disk space to store IDs.
> 
> More powerful servers?  Well sure but what are we doing now to handle 
> spam with word and Bayesian etc filtering along with RBL lookups?   In 
> addition the msgid would only be verified by the receiving MTA when the 
> sending MTA is actually sending the email header info.  So the msgid is 
> already in RAM thus no cost to do a disk I/O to retrieve information.

In terms of total computation necessary, sure, Bayesian is more expensive 
than just about anything else. However, keep in mind relative costs: 
bayesian filtering is often happening on the users' desktops, or on a 
private mailserver where the load doesn't affect any public services. Have 
you heard of any large corporations or ISPs setting up individual Bayesian 
filters for each user and rejecting mail at the MX using those filters? I 
certainly haven't.

> More bandwidth?  If this kind of thing cuts spam by a significant margin 
> that's a good tradeoff. Also the network traffic is only as many bytes 
> as the msgid plus some overhead along with the ack by the transmitting 
> MTA.   Along with retrieving the IP address of the sending MTA from the 
> domain name in the email header.
> 
> Disk space?  Every email currently has, or should have, a unique msgid.

Yes, the bandwidth savings would probably be excellent. Keep in mind that 
computation is currently cheaper than storage or anything else. So people 
are willing to expend a lot of computation.
If we could come up with a way to increase the bandwidth costs of sending 
spam without increasing the recipients' costs as well, that'd be really 
cool. Of course, that disregards the loads of spam sent from systems that 
don't cost spammers a thing: hijacked systems, virus/worm infected systems, 
virtualmda systems, etc.

>> There are also DOS issues: someone forging a domain can cause the
>> forged domain to go under with too many callbacks.
> 
> DOS could happen today with someone sending lots of emails to a given 
> receiving MTA.

Yes, but a callback DoS would mean an extra level of indirection to track 
down the attacker. Look at what happened to grc.com a while back, with what 
its owner, Steve Gibson, called a "Distributed Reflection Denial of 
Service". A whole lot of machines started forging TCP SYN packets to central 
internet routers' BGP ports, and they flooded him. Hopefully, there would be 
some logging on the intermediate reflection MTAs in an attack like this, but 
it wouldn't mean much.

>> There are privacy issues as well, and possible replay attacks.
> 
> I don't see the privacy issues here.    Replay attack?  Same as a DOS.

Privacy issues are not likely if this is done with any sort of care at all. 
We just need to make sure that numbers used can only be related to message 
parameters by the server that generated the numbers.
Replay attack prevention would take some more effort. We'd need to ensure 
that a spammer can't hack a legitimate mailing list server and send spam 
with the same ID numbers as messages sent to the list initially.

>> However, the bottom line here, is that why go through the trouble of
>> checking every single message. Granted that it increases costs,
>> nevertheless if we can significantly reduce the problem through
>> verification of MTAs as opposed to senders and messages, why go through
>> the extra costs of message verification. This proposal is on the table,
>> but we will pursue it only if a significant advantage vs. costs can be
>> proven for this way of doing things, over others requiring less costs.
> 
> Ok, this makes sense.   But if I understand the proposals the public key 
> will be retained by the DNS servers.   Thus increasing the load on those 
> servers.   Mind you they would be cached by your "closest" DNS server so 
> that wouldn't be too bad.

Generally, DNS load arguments haven't really held up, except if DNS servers 
are expected to perform any sort of computations. So the proposal is fine on 
that front.

Philip Miller


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>>>>>There are two problems caused by the potential forgery that is possible in 
SMTP:
>>>>1. Filtering by sender's address is hard when someone could forge a friend's
>>>>address.

>>>  Which is where accountability comes in.

>Walt: I think Alan is implicitly referring to the LMAP technology, which 
>WILL allow the victim to prevent abuse of their name.
>Of course, it doesn't work IRL yet, and I can see how you wouldn't 
>realise he was referring to it. 
>Flamewar quenched, I hope.  Chill, guys.

To begin with, spam volumes become far less of a problem (inboxes overflowing, 
byte volumes, spool space, bandwidth, etc etc) when the spams are simply 
smaller.

I've previously suggested as a BEGINNING to the solution that recipients be able 
to whitelist "authorized" senders to send them "special" type posts.

By default, an unrecognized or unauthorized person would be able to send the 
recipient a "simple", small post... no attachments, no HTML-burdened content 
(including NO embedded images, no scripting, etc)!, maybe with an upper-bound 
size of 10K or 50K or something.

Note that this no-images, no-attachments, no-HTML-burdened rule immediately 
squashes the GREAT majority of tricks that spammers employ to obscure their 
message or hide their content from filters and keyword scanners and the like.  
It also virtually eliminates in one fell swoop the great majority of viruses and 
worms.

This approach is simple, straightforward, easily implemented at the recipients 
end (or their ISP) and immediately effective.  It doesn't require any great 
global redesign of the Internet.

While it is POSSIBLE to get past it (if for example the virus gets lucky and 
manages to forge a From address which just happens to be authorized to send 
attachments (and moreover, EXECUTABLE attachments) to the recipient, the numbers 
are still WAY smaller than they are now... perhaps small enough that the 
resulting success rate will be too small for the virus or worm to end up being 
viable.

Now, I have lately been getting "junk" spam messages which contain NO visible 
purpose whatsoever... they don't point at any Web site, they don't have any 
apparent return receipt requested, they just contain a bunch of random words.  
Perhaps these are ONLY being sent to see if they bounce back as undeliverable... 
hard to say!  Perhaps their "real" content is in an HTML-burdened alternative 
version (which gets stripped out of all E-mail upon arrival here).  I don't know 
that much of any spam filter is likely to end up blocking mail like this (but 
then again, it's not clear what other benefit there would be for spammers to 
send it, either).  Certainly if this were to get widespread, it would be almost 
as annoying as the familiar commercial-type spam shilling for porn sites or 
hawking herbal penis enlargement.

>>>>2. One can't hold the victim of the forgery accountable for the junk
>>>>transmitted.

>>>  Why not?  If they haven't done anything to prevent the (ab)use of
>>>their name, how can the recipient tell if a message is real, or
>>>abusive?

>>  A spammer sends out a viagra spam "From: "Alan DeKok" <*****@ox.org>".
>>How are the 20 million strangers it's addressed to going to *REJECT* it?
>>At these volumes, merely accepting the email and storing it in
>>recipients' "spam folders" will cause smaller ISPs to run out of
>>mailspool space.  

That's pretty much an oxymoron... if they're getting 20 million copies of it, 
then they're probably not a "smaller" ISP.  

Certainly it WOULD be possible to "mailbomb" a given target (maybe smaller) ISP 
(e.g. a virus or worm which would commandeer victim computers and cause them to 
each send thousands and thousands of E-mail messages to target ISPs or users) 
but that's going to be possible anyhow, and is really pretty much outside the 
topic that WE are tasked with dealing with.  That's really more of a Denial of 
Service attack.

>>What actions can *YOU* take that would allow
>>verification/authentication of the "From:" during the SMTP transaction ?

I'm not convinced that it's necessarily practical and maybe not even desirable 
to even try.

First of all, there are many legitimate reasons for people to send E-mails 
through relays, foreign ISPs, or other services not usually associated with 
their From: address.  They might be travelling (perhaps even internationally) at 
an Internet cafe, airport waiting lounge E-mail kiosk, cruise ship Internet 
access lounge, in-airplane E-mail service, public library, or post office.  In 
each of these cases, they clearly want the replies to come to their own (perhaps 
"vanity") domain, and maybe they never will ever again even be at the point 
where the prior E-mail message was actually sent from.  

What's more, consider the case of mailing lists (Yahoogroups is a good example) 
as "anonymizers" of sorts of messages.  They forward messages (as individual 
messages or perhaps as digests) and these sorts of mailing lists are terribly 
important to large classes of internet users.  Sometimes these messages bear the 
original sender's From address, sometimes they bear the list's From address.

Gordon Peterson                  http://personal.terabites.com/
1977-2002  Twenty-fifth anniversary year of Local Area Networking!
Support the Anti-SPAM Amendment!  Join at http://www.cauce.org/
12/19/98: Partisan Republicans scornfully ignore the voters they "represent".
12/09/00: the date the Republican Party took down democracy in America.



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  For example, how expensive would it be to buy Pentium
> 100's, 486's or even 386's (if you can find them) and build a server
> farm?  These used systems could be had for less than $100 and perhaps far
less.

Much cheaper, in fact. Try retrobox.com, or this url:

http://www.retrobox.com/rbwww/home/search_results_pc_computers.asp?bin_id=world&page=1&Manufacturer_ID=&CPU_ID=&CPU_Speed_ID=&RAM_ID=&HD_Size_ID=&CD_ROM_Flag=&Price=&order_by=price%5Fcurrent%5Fselling%5Fprice+asc

At this web page, at the time I looked at it, they were offering a Pentium
2, 133 mhz, 64 mb ram for $11.00, but you'd have to pay $30 or so for
shipping.

> It might help slow down the "home" spammer but surely those that send out
> the bulk of the spam can afford additional computers to divide up the CPU
> processing load (and the power to power them.)


But every little decrease in spam helps. There was a slashdot article a
while back about a Bible thumping grandma spammer, (I would provide the url,
but /.'s search function is not coming up and Google's not helping) and we
really need to get those spammers out of the way. How much spam do they
account for? We'll never know until we try. And if we make spamming more
costly, more technical knowledge required, then we can start cutting into
the biggest spammers profit margins.

-Vinny


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Subject: Re: [Asrg] 6. Proposals - Computational - MSFT's "Penny Black"
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Vinny wrote:
 >   For example, how expensive would it be to buy Pentium
 >
 >>100's, 486's or even 386's (if you can find them) and build a server
 >>farm?  These used systems could be had for less than $100 and perhaps far
 >
 > less.
 >
 > Much cheaper, in fact. Try retrobox.com, or this url:
 >
 > 
http://www.retrobox.com/rbwww/home/search_results_pc_computers.asp?bin_id=world&page=1&Manufacturer_ID=&CPU_ID=&CPU_Speed_ID=&RAM_ID=&HD_Size_ID=&CD_ROM_Flag=&Price=&order_by=price%5Fcurrent%5Fselling%5Fprice+asc
 >
 > At this web page, at the time I looked at it, they were offering a 
Pentium
 > 2, 133 mhz, 64 mb ram for $11.00, but you'd have to pay $30 or so for
 > shipping.
 >
 >
 >>It might help slow down the "home" spammer but surely those that send out
 >>the bulk of the spam can afford additional computers to divide up the CPU
 >>processing load (and the power to power them.)
 >
 > But every little decrease in spam helps. There was a slashdot article a
 > while back about a Bible thumping grandma spammer, (I would provide 
the url,
 > but /.'s search function is not coming up and Google's not helping) 
and we
 > really need to get those spammers out of the way. How much spam do they
 > account for? We'll never know until we try. And if we make spamming more
 > costly, more technical knowledge required, then we can start cutting into
 > the biggest spammers profit margins.
 >
 > -Vinny
 >

(slashdot link)

http://yro.slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=03/12/14/198202

The Life of a Spammer
Posted by timothy on Sunday December 14, @02:28PM
from the neighbor-v-neighbor dept.
An anonymous reader writes "The Atlanta Journal-Constitution ran an
interesting article today about the life of a "small time" spammer. It
is interesting to note that even a religiously zealous grandmother can
mire our inboxes with junk." That's Flo Fox, of Slidell, LA.

(my comments)

HashCash / Penny Black proposals suffer from one flaw that I see... they
assume that there is no legitimate reason for a low-budget organization
to send high volumes of e-mail.  Driving up the costs for spammers also
drives up the costs for things like public mailing list servers.
Unfortunately, I'll bet spammers have deeper pockets or else they'll
just hijack additional machines to meet their quotas (something the
legitimate low-budget organization can't/won't do).

It's still an interesting idea, but I'm not sure that it's practical in
the real-world.

_______________________________________________
Asrg mailing list
Asrg@ietf.org
https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg



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On Thu, Dec 25, 2003 at 04:00:10PM -0800, Matthew Elvey wrote

> Walt: I think Alan is implicitly referring to the LMAP technology, which 
> WILL allow the victim to prevent abuse of their name.
> Of course, it doesn't work IRL yet, and I can see how you wouldn't 
> realise he was referring to it. 
> Flamewar quenched, I hope.  Chill, guys.

  I apologize if I came on too strong.  I was trying to say that Alan
should not be held responsible for the misdeeds of others.  The ultimate
responsibility lies with the spammer, and contributory negligence may be
attributed to owners of compromised machines.

  The point I was trying to make was that SMTP allows almost any text
(excepting .\n\n) in the raw DATA: body.  The DATA: body includes the
"From:" header.  Most MUAs don't know about envelope-sender, and many
ISPs omit envelope-sender in the email as delivered to the end-user's
POP account.  The only thing that the recipient can know for certain
(assuming they can parse headers) is the final external IP address that
handed the email to their ISP.

-- 
Walter Dnes <waltdnes@waltdnes.org>
Email users are divided into two classes;
1) Those who have effective spam-blocking
2) Those who wish they did

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From: "Vinny" <compwiz24@comcast.net>
To: "Thomas Harold" <tgh@tgharold.com>, <asrg@ietf.org>
References: <6.0.1.1.0.20031226091431.05aac280@mail.comcast.net> <5.1.0.14.2.20031226122103.06d41d28@mail.1s.com> <002401c3cc05$73f5d7a0$e9b60f18@DCMSX411> <3FECCA51.10502@tgharold.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 6. Proposals - Computational - MSFT's "Penny Black"
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> (slashdot link)
>
> http://yro.slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=03/12/14/198202
>

(stuff deleted)

> HashCash / Penny Black proposals suffer from one flaw that I see... they
> assume that there is no legitimate reason for a low-budget organization
> to send high volumes of e-mail.  Driving up the costs for spammers also
> drives up the costs for things like public mailing list servers.
> Unfortunately, I'll bet spammers have deeper pockets or else they'll
> just hijack additional machines to meet their quotas (something the
> legitimate low-budget organization can't/won't do).
>
> It's still an interesting idea, but I'm not sure that it's practical in
> the real-world.

Thanks, that was the article I referred to.

And, yes, I think you're absolutely right. There are legitimate reasons for
small businesses/organizations to send out large quantities of email. (like
this mailing list) The problem is, they can't possibly waste that much time
sending each email, which is why I think the SPF spec is such a good idea.
But, just for the sake of argument, can't we use MS's plan, then for those
email sources that can't waste the time, just whitelist on an individual
basis? I actively ferreted out this list, actively sent an email to
subscribe. The ASRG mailing list people didn't send me an email out of the
blue, asking me "Do you want to join this anti spam list?". I can't think of
any non spam situation that wouldn't be covered by the MS plan/Hashcash +
individual whitelisting. People I don't know that really want to contact me
(e.g. an old high school friend) can still contact me out of the blue, and
for the legitimate mass emailers, I can whitelist.

Of course, there are smarter people than me on this list. Anyone want to
point out deficiencies in my argument?

-Vinny


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To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 6. Proposals - Computational - MSFT's "Penny Black"
References: <002401c3cc05$73f5d7a0$e9b60f18@DCMSX411> <6.0.1.1.0.20031226091431.05aac280@mail.comcast.net> <5.1.0.14.2.20031226122103.06d41d28@mail.1s.com> <002401c3cc05$73f5d7a0$e9b60f18@DCMSX411> <5.1.0.14.2.20031226202057.04979db8@mail.1s.com>
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Art Pollard wrote:

> 
>> HashCash / Penny Black proposals suffer from one flaw that I see... they
>> assume that there is no legitimate reason for a low-budget organization
>> to send high volumes of e-mail.  Driving up the costs for spammers also
>> drives up the costs for things like public mailing list servers.
>> <SNIP>
>> It's still an interesting idea, but I'm not sure that it's practical in
>> the real-world.
> 
> 
> Well, it could be combined with a whitelist.  Basically, the first 
> message (the subscribe message) could be HashCash/Penny Blacked.  Then 
> the subscriber would add them to a whitelist.  If the user failed to do 
> so after a couple of days, a warning message could be sent out and if 
> the person again didn't whitelist the mailing list, the mailing list 
> could unsubscribe them.
> 
> Not too bad really.
> 
> -Art

That thought also crossed my mind, where only untrusted domains would be 
required to Hash Cash / Penny Black (either through a whitelist or 
domains that don't have reverse-MX information).  Which makes it a bit 
more like the real-world concept of "friends are always welcome, 
strangers have to show multiple forms of ID before they get past the 
front door".  A targeted system would make it more palatable as you're 
only requiring strangers to do the calculation (or any system that 
doesn't seem quite on the up-and-up).

However, it's difficult to currently identify "friends", so any sort of 
targeted Hash Cash / Penny Black solution requires other things to be in 
place first.  (Reverse MX systems, mail servers that sign outbound mail 
with a private key that matches the public key in the DNS, etc.)

Seems a shame to waste all those CPU cycles though... pity they couldn't 
be turned into encryption cycles of the actual message content.


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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Microsoft publicly announces Penny Black PoW postage
	project
From: david nicol <whatever@davidnicol.com>
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On Fri, 2003-12-26 at 11:14, Steve Schear wrote:
> http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/technology/3324883.stm

Where does microsoft get off, taking credit for the idea of cost
shifting?




-- 
david nicol
Late to bed and late to rise makes it difficult to quote Poor Richard.



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Subject: Re: [Asrg] 6. Proposals - Computational - MSFT's "Penny Black"
From: david nicol <whatever@davidnicol.com>
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On Fri, 2003-12-26 at 22:21, Thomas Harold wrote:

> Seems a shame to waste all those CPU cycles though... pity they couldn't 
> be turned into encryption cycles of the actual message content.

They can and they are.  Those bold individuals who only accept
incoming mail with valid GPG signatures -- do they receive much spam?
Although you only need to sign your spam once before you distribute
it like so many blowing cottonwood seeds blowing in the midsummer winds
so never mind


carpe diem!  carpe diem!



-- 
david nicol
Late to bed and late to rise makes it difficult to quote Poor Richard.



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gep2@terabites.com wrote:
> [snip]
>>>What actions can *YOU* take that would allow
>>>verification/authentication of the "From:" during the SMTP transaction ?
> 
> I'm not convinced that it's necessarily practical and maybe not even desirable 
> to even try.
> 
> First of all, there are many legitimate reasons for people to send E-mails 
> through relays, foreign ISPs, or other services not usually associated with 
> their From: address.  They might be travelling (perhaps even internationally) at 
> an Internet cafe, airport waiting lounge E-mail kiosk, cruise ship Internet 
> access lounge, in-airplane E-mail service, public library, or post office.  In 
> each of these cases, they clearly want the replies to come to their own (perhaps 
> "vanity") domain, and maybe they never will ever again even be at the point 
> where the prior E-mail message was actually sent from.

We're talking about different 'From' addresses. None of the proposals we're 
working on deal with the 'From:' header as it appears in the message body. 
 From what I've seen, it's possible that Yahoo's "Domain Keys" proposal 
might, but we don't know.
All of the LMAP implementation proposals deal with the envelope from 
address, also know as the return path. That's the parameter to the MAIL 
command in SMTP. If travelling people want to set up their domain so that 
any source can use it in a MAIL FROM, they're welcome to, just as all 
recipients are welcome to block mail claiming to be from that domain.

> What's more, consider the case of mailing lists (Yahoogroups is a good example) 
> as "anonymizers" of sorts of messages.  They forward messages (as individual 
> messages or perhaps as digests) and these sorts of mailing lists are terribly 
> important to large classes of internet users.  Sometimes these messages bear the 
> original sender's From address, sometimes they bear the list's From address.

Mailing lists are a different case. Most mailing lists rewrite the return 
path so that bounces are delivered to the mailing list server or 
administrator rather than random posters on the list. Any modern mailer that 
doesn't do this better have pretty damn good reasons not to.

Philip Miller


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From: Thomas Harold <tgh@tgharold.com>
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To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 6. Proposals - Computational - MSFT's "Penny Black"
References: <002401c3cc05$73f5d7a0$e9b60f18@DCMSX411>	 <6.0.1.1.0.20031226091431.05aac280@mail.comcast.net>	 <5.1.0.14.2.20031226122103.06d41d28@mail.1s.com>	 <002401c3cc05$73f5d7a0$e9b60f18@DCMSX411>	 <5.1.0.14.2.20031226202057.04979db8@mail.1s.com>	 <3FED08B5.4040304@tgharold.com> <1072500212.955.213.camel@plaza.davidnicol.com>
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david nicol wrote:

> On Fri, 2003-12-26 at 22:21, Thomas Harold wrote:
> 
> 
>>Seems a shame to waste all those CPU cycles though... pity they couldn't 
>>be turned into encryption cycles of the actual message content.
> 
> 
> They can and they are.  Those bold individuals who only accept
> incoming mail with valid GPG signatures -- do they receive much spam?
> Although you only need to sign your spam once before you distribute
> it like so many blowing cottonwood seeds blowing in the midsummer winds
> so never mind
> 

That is true if you're talking about signed e-mail... I was thinking 
more along the lines of using those CPU cycles to encrypt each message 
using the recipient's public key.

(Not that this has much to do with the CPU-payment models, just a sigh 
of pity that the CPU cycles are essentially being wasted... which wastes 
energy.)

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Subject: [Asrg] Caching an authentication value
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From the discussion thread surrounding the William Elan proposal for a
message-by-message authentication process:

Subject: [Asrg] 6. Proposals - C/R and "callbacks"

>However, the bottom line here, is that why go through the trouble of
>checking every single message. Granted that it increases costs,
>nevertheless if we can significantly reduce the problem through
>verification of MTAs as opposed to senders and messages, why go through
>the extra costs of message verification. This proposal is on the table,
>but we will pursue it only if a significant advantage vs. costs can be
>proven for this way of doing things, over others requiring less costs.

A simple overhead reduction enhancement would be to include an "interval
during which it was valid" value in the reply from the authentication
process.  Why generate a unique authenticator for every message sent?
Instead, use the same authenticator for all messages sent by an individual
for a period determined by the sending mail administrator, perhaps a few
hours.

This permits caching of the authenticator value at the recipient mail server
to reduce repeat authentications where users are emailing each other back
and forth, yet would frustrate spammers since it wouldn't be possible to
accumulate a list of forged authenticator values fast enough to build a
decent spam list.

Finally, such a system would allow the recipient or recipient ISP to decide
whether to forward/open the mail.  If you want to receive mail with
unverifiable headers and dubious origin, you can.  Thus no issues of free
speech, etc.  Basically, no one is prohibited from sending but recipients
would be informed as to the validity of the originator informtion.  Most
would simply automatically delete such mails, thus eliminating the
effectiveness of spam as a reach medium.



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From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@ox.org>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: 03.1 Re: Forgery in SMTP (applying flame retardent) 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Fri, 26 Dec 2003 19:10:30 EST."
             <20031227001030.GA4708@m433> 
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Walter Dnes <waltdnes@waltdnes.org> wrote:
> I was trying to say that Alan should not be held responsible for the
> misdeeds of others.

  When someone steals my credit card information, I'm held responsible
until I can demonstrate it wasn't me.  If a particular store has a
large number of fraudulent transactions, then the credit card company
can impose additional restrictions on them, or take away their card
access entirely.

  No such system of accountability exists in SMTP.  Any such system we
create will be forever limited due to the large numbers of people who
refuse to accept such accountability.

>   The point I was trying to make was that SMTP allows almost any text
> (excepting .\n\n) in the raw DATA: body.  The DATA: body includes the
> "From:" header.  Most MUAs don't know about envelope-sender, and many
> ISPs omit envelope-sender in the email as delivered to the end-user's
> POP account.  The only thing that the recipient can know for certain
> (assuming they can parse headers) is the final external IP address that
> handed the email to their ISP.

  Which is why some of the proposals involve audit trails.  Hop by hop
authentication/accountability of SMTP messages is very problematic.

  Alan DeKok.

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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Caching an authentication value
From: david nicol <whatever@davidnicol.com>
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verifying the RAPNAP (Return Address, Peer Network Address Pair)
that is in use instead of every individual message would work as well,
and only allows spam from respectable ISPs.



> >However, the bottom line here, is that why go through the trouble of
> >checking every single message. Granted that it increases costs,
> >nevertheless if we can significantly reduce the problem through
> >verification of MTAs as opposed to senders and messages, why go through
> >the extra costs of message verification. This proposal is on the table,
> >but we will pursue it only if a significant advantage vs. costs can be
> >proven for this way of doing things, over others requiring less costs.
> 
> A simple overhead reduction enhancement would be to include an "interval
> during which it was valid" value in the reply from the authentication
> process.  Why generate a unique authenticator for every message sent?
> Instead, use the same authenticator for all messages sent by an individual
> for a period determined by the sending mail administrator, perhaps a few
> hours.


-- 
david nicol
Late to bed and late to rise makes it difficult to quote Poor Richard.



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Subject: Re: [Asrg] 6. Proposals - DNS-Based - RMX -- After reading the
	archive
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Mr DeKok:
I hope your wife has recovered fully since the beginning of November.


On Mon, 2003-11-03 at 12:44, Alan DeKok wrote:
> david nicol <whatever@davidnicol.com> wrote:
> 
> > 3: Separate (1) the mechanics of listing from (2) the semantics of what
> >    is listed and (3) when the list is to be consulted.  These three
> >    are separate issues.  The first is entirely separable from the
> >    second two, the second two are intertwined, the third being the
> >    intention of the second.
> 
>   I'm not sure what you mean by that, or what changes you would
> suggest making to the documents.


I was suggesting that proposals need not specify their mechanism
for listing hosts: I think the specification of listing mechanisms
needlessly clutters the discussion of what should be listed.

It would be nice to compare all proposals on the meaning of what is
to be listed without regard to mechanism for listing.

And also nice to compare all mechanisms for listing without regard to
discussion of what is to be listed.

The proposals all appear(ed, two months ago) to all contain both
what-is-listed-description and listing-mechanism.  This entertwinement
of solutions to two orthogonal problems makes apples-to-apples 
comparisons impossible.

In case anyone reading this wishes to undertake such a comparison,
I have built you a tool: Please feel free to use, or to refer others
to, for use, the feature matrix editor I have implemented at

 http://www.tipjar.com/rcgi/featurematrix/matrix

It is designed to help lay out product v. feature matrices in HTML.

At your service,

David Nicol

-- 
david nicol
Late to bed and late to rise makes it difficult to quote Poor Richard.



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On 12/26/2003 1:05 PM, Philip Miller sent forth electrons to convey:

> In terms of total computation necessary, sure, Bayesian is more 
> expensive than just about anything else. However, keep in mind 
> relative costs: bayesian filtering is often happening on the users' 
> desktops, or on a private mailserver where the load doesn't affect any 
> public services. Have you heard of any large corporations or ISPs 
> setting up individual Bayesian filters for each user and rejecting 
> mail at the MX using those filters? I certainly haven't. 


Data point: Yahoo is trying and failing.  To PAYING customers of 
MailPlus ( http://mailplus.mail.yahoo.com/ , it includes SBC DSL and 
dial-up customers) they claim you can "Train your personal spam filters 
to recognize what /you/ consider spam" using the SpamGuard feature.  
Except it doesn't work: when I try to train it on more than a handful of 
spam at a time, it just times out.  Yahoo Level 2 support worked on it 
for a few weeks and claimed it was fixed, but it is still broken (it 
fails to process/delete/train on the spam); they're supposed to be 
working on it again. I did so and I still get about a dozen spam a day 
to my yahoo account. After training on > 1000 spam,  I still get about a 
dozen spam a day to my yahoo account inbox.  Caveat: nothing I've read 
specifically states that spamguard is Bayesian, so it could be something 
else.





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[Subject changed as per posting guidelines, was "Re: Forgery in SMTP
(was [Asrg] [1] Why SPAM is worse in SMTP than in other protocols)". Mod.]

Walter Dnes wrote:
> On Wed, Dec 24, 2003 at 03:34:56PM -0500, Alan DeKok wrote
> 
>   A spammer sends out a viagra spam "From: "Alan DeKok" <*****@ox.org>".
> How are the 20 million strangers it's addressed to going to *REJECT* it?
> At these volumes, merely accepting the email and storing it in
> recipients' "spam folders" will cause smaller ISPs to run out of
> mailspool space.  What actions can *YOU* take that would allow
> verification/authentication of the "From:" during the SMTP transaction ?
> 

This is where something like DK comes in. As it is now, we have two sets
of proposals - one addressing the SMTP envelope (LMAP), and the second,
like DK and various PKI schemes (Lumos, TEOS, etc.) address the actual
body of the message. Both can be complementary to each other.

Yakov



-------
Yakov Shafranovich / asrg <at> shaftek.org
SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc. / research <at> solidmatrix.com
"I ate your Web page. / Forgive me. It was juicy / And tart on my 
tongue." (MIT's 404 Message)
-------


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From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@ox.org>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 6. Proposals - Bayesian filtering and Yahoo (Was Re: C/R) 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Mon, 29 Dec 2003 11:54:27 PST."
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Matthew Elvey <matthew@elvey.com> wrote:
> Data point: Yahoo is trying and failing.  To PAYING customers of 
> MailPlus ( http://mailplus.mail.yahoo.com/ , it includes SBC DSL and 
> dial-up customers) they claim you can "Train your personal spam filters 
> to recognize what /you/ consider spam" using the SpamGuard feature.  

  Finland has a large mail redirection system set up, similar to
pobox.  I forget what it's called (ikki?), but it's fairly large.

  Last I heard, they're using SpamAssassin, which is (mostly) keeping
up with the load.  They split the mail into filtered & unfiltered
streams, with the filtered streams going to dedicated machines.  After
filtering, the messages are sent back into the main queue, and
forwarded to the final destination.

  CPU time is relatively cheap, so this works.  Sendmail can handle
large amounts of traffic, with careful design.

  But Bayesian filtering takes large amounts of disk space per use.
I've heard numbers from 1M to 10M, with much of the database touched
during active filtering.  For a system forwarding messages for 10's of
1000's of users, that's expensive.  The disk space isn't the problem,
it's the simultaneous access of 1000's of accounts to reading and
writing 10M databases.

  When coupled with many people using the forwarding service to
subscribe to mailing lists, it's nearly impossible to partition that
load in a way which doesn't increase it.

  Alan DeKok.

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In science news vol. 164 #25&26 the main article entitled =93Bookish Math=
=94 is=20
about modern techniques for analyzing text, collectively called stylometr=
y.=20
Using stylometry on various anonymously written or disputed texts has giv=
en=20
new data that has helped to resolve the true author. This may have impact=
 on=20
future content based filters.

The full text of the article =93Bookish Math=94 may be found at the scien=
ce news=20
website
http://www.sciencenews.org

of particular interest to me are support-vector machines.
from the article:

=93As does PCA[another technique mentioned], the new technique plots each=
=20
chunk of text as a point in a high-dimensional space. It then searches fo=
r=20
the best-fitting surface that divides the points belonging to one author=20
from those of the other author.=94

I mentioned this idea before, but did not know this actually existed for=20
text classification.
http://article.gmane.org/gmane.ietf.asrg/6093

John Fenley

_________________________________________________________________
Make your home warm and cozy this winter with tips from MSN House & Home.=
 =20
http://special.msn.com/home/warmhome.armx


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Subject: Re: [Asrg] 0. General- useful ideas from other areas of
  research.
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>The full text of the article "Bookish Math" may be found at the science 
>news website
>http://www.sciencenews.org
>
>of particular interest to me are support-vector machines.
>from the article ....

The problem with Support Vector Machines (SVM's) is that they can take an 
incredibly long period of time to train.  Bayesian takes comparatively no 
time to train.  SVM's can take from minutes to hours to days to train 
depending on the number of features you train it on. (A feature is a item 
that you classify on such as the phrase "Make Money Fast" or "this is not 
spam.")  The more features and examples, the longer it takes to train SVMs 
as you might expect.  The problem is that when the time increases, it 
doesn't increase in a nice linear fashion as one might hope.

SVMs are great at classification.  The only thing is that you need to have 
the horsepower and/or time to train them.

-Art

-- 
Art Pollard
http://www.lextek.com/
Suppliers of High Performance Text Retrieval Engines.


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References: <B0000028150@nts1.terabites.com>
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X-Habeas-SWE-1: winter into spring
X-Habeas-SWE-2: brightly anticipated
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X-Habeas-SWE-8: Message (HCM) and not spam. Please report use of this
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Subject: [Asrg] Re: Forgery in SMTP
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On 12/26/2003 2:14 PM, gep2@terabites.com sent forth electrons to convey:

>...By default, an unrecognized or unauthorized person would be able to send the 
>recipient a "simple", small post... no attachments, no HTML-burdened content 
>(including NO embedded images, no scripting, etc)!, maybe with an upper-bound 
>size of 10K or 50K or something....
>
>  
>
Not a bad idea, though I don't see it spreading like wildfire.   But the 
spam making it though my current filters would mostly make it through 
this filter too.

>Now, I have lately been getting "junk" spam messages which contain NO visible 
>purpose whatsoever... ...  Perhaps their "real" content is in an HTML-burdened alternative 
>version (which gets stripped out of all E-mail upon arrival here).  
>
This is so for spam I've received recently. 


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From: irtf-chair@ietf.org
To: Philip Miller <millenix@zemos.net>
Cc: "John R. Levine" <asrg@johnlevine.com>, asrg@ietf.org,
        Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: Why SPAM is worse in SMTP than in other protocols 
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> What is this about, and why has none of it been mentioned on the list 
> before? I'd imagine that a complete rewrite of the group's charter is 
> probably something that should be a public process.

My interpretation of RFC 2014 is that chartering and rechartering are
ultimately done at the IRTF chair's discretion, with the IAB's consent.
It is in fact generally not a public process.

		Vern

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irtf-chair@ietf.org wrote:
>>What is this about, and why has none of it been mentioned on the list 
>>before? I'd imagine that a complete rewrite of the group's charter is 
>>probably something that should be a public process.
> 
> My interpretation of RFC 2014 is that chartering and rechartering are
> ultimately done at the IRTF chair's discretion, with the IAB's consent.
> It is in fact generally not a public process.

The relevant text from RFC 2014 is from section 2.2, "Charter":

> A charter is a contract between a Research Group and the IRTF to conduct
> research in the designated area. Charters may be renegotiated 
> periodically to reflect changes to the current status, organization or
> goals of the Research Group.

This may just be a point of operational protocol that I'm not aware of, but 
that sounds like the the group as a whole, or the members in that group, are 
involved in the process, and not just the chair and hierarchical superiors.

Is this just operating procedure that I'm not familiar with?

Regards and Happy New Year,
Philip Miller


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        Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: Why SPAM is worse in SMTP than in other protocols
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> The relevant text from RFC 2014 is from section 2.2, "Charter":

The next paragraph reads:

   The formation of a Research Group requires a charter which is
   initially negotiated between a prospective Research Group Chair and
   the IRTF Chair.  When the prospective Chair and the IRTF Chair are
   satisfied with the charter form and content, it becomes the basis for
   forming a Research Group.

- Vern

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In-Reply-To: <200312310809.hBV895nm022387@jaguar.icir.org>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: Why SPAM is worse in SMTP than in other protocols
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>> The relevant text from RFC 2014 is from section 2.2, "Charter":
>
>


This is the fascinating "self-amendment" question - interested readers
should see here:
http://www.nomic.net/

Best wishes (for what many will be calling the New Year) to you all,
JK









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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: Why SPAM is worse in SMTP than in other protocols
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>> The relevant text from RFC 2014 is from section 2.2, "Charter":
>
>
>The next paragraph reads:
>
>   The formation of a Research Group requires a charter which is
>   initially negotiated between a prospective Research Group Chair and
>   the IRTF Chair.  When the prospective Chair and the IRTF Chair are
>   satisfied with the charter form and content, it becomes the basis for
>   forming a Research Group.
>
>- Vern
>

Quite, but this refers to group formation. Not rechartering of an existing
group. Clearly, group members can't be consulted before the group is
formed. The question is: SHOULD they be consulted when rechartering?

 




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