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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Its all over for Challenge Response
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Alan DeKok wrote:
>   You've got it 100% backwards.  Everyone knows (or should know) that
> locks won't keep all criminals out.  So the locks obviously aren't
> there to keep the criminals out.

They keep everyone out who doesn't have the ability to defeat them.
For those who can, we have layered security (like firearms, dogs and
electronic security systems).

>   The locks are there as a public statement by you that people have no
> legal right to enter your home.  When someone does, they get charged
> with "break and enter", which is a serious crime.  If you did not have
> a lock, or left your door open, they would have been charged with
> "trespass", which is a lesser crime.  (obligatory IANAL)
>
>   So the conclusion is that locks are a legal statement which permit
> the justice system to file more serious charges than they could have
> without the locks.  In the same way, technological methods of fighting
> spam should be not only used to stop the amateur spammer, they can be
> used to leverage more serious charges against the professional
> spammer.

This is one of the most silly statements I've seen in my life. Locks
exist to prevent access to something. There is no public statement
because privacy and private access is something you're taught as a
child. My car doesn't have locks to remind you of something you
already know, it's to keep YOU out of someplace you do not belong.

>   Despite the recent phenomenal increase in spam, there is still
> massive opposition to *doing* anything about the problem.  I remain,
> as always, amazed.

There are plenty of people willing to do something about it but
talking isn't doing, is it? This place can never solve or even stem
the problem. It's a research group, research. Not design or
implementation. If anyone cares to make a list for that I'm sure real
progress can be made in short order. And this list has actually been
partially successful; it's shown us all the ideas that won't work, at
least.



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"Eric Dean" <eric@purespeed.com> top-posted:

> Does anyone have any idea how much it costs to host a porn site?

Not all that much; it depends on how much bandwidth is used.  If you
require some amount of Turing-passing per meg of picture served, you
can send a lot of spam for relatively little bandwidth.

If you steal the bandwidth from owned machines (the same way spam
sending and some web hosting is stolen now), your costs are even less.

Seth

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> "Eric Dean" <eric@purespeed.com> top-posted:
> 
> 
> > Does anyone have any idea how much it costs to host a porn site?
> 
> Not all that much; it depends on how much bandwidth is used.  If you
> require some amount of Turing-passing per meg of picture served, you
> can send a lot of spam for relatively little bandwidth.
> 
> If you steal the bandwidth from owned machines (the same way spam
> sending and some web hosting is stolen now), your costs are even less.
> 


This is all getting silly.
Numbers?
Actual exploit?








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From: Brett Watson <famous-asrg@nutters.org>
Organization: PhD Student, Macquarie University
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Its all over for Challenge Response
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Seth Breidbart says:
> If you steal the bandwidth from owned machines (the same way spam
> sending and some web hosting is stolen now), your costs are even less.

Jon Kyme responds:
> This is all getting silly.
> Numbers?
> Actual exploit?

I say:
Does anyone still seriously doubt that spamming miscreants are using third 
party computers as their web, mail and DNS hosts? Jon? This is not a new 
phenomenon anymore.

June 2003: ZDNet report on Sobig virus strain, which is a spam relay.
http://reviews-zdnet.com.com/4520-7297_16-4208055.html

July 2003: BBC report on "Superzonda" spamhaus, who compromised a British 
Airways computer (among others) to host their stuff.
http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/technology/3036092.stm

New York Times (annoying registration required): Hackers Hijack PCs for Sex 
Sites. (I don't have a registration, so I haven't checked this one recently.)
http://www.nytimes.com/2003/07/11/technology/11HACK.html?ex=1058500800&en=dfe68a99bce4317d&ei=5062

July 2003: Analysis of "migmaf" malware, a reverse-proxy tool for third party 
hosting.
http://www.lurhq.com/migmaf.html

July 2003: The Register report on "webber" malware (more of the same).
http://www.theregister.co.uk/content/56/31801.html

September 2003: SecurityFocus forensics on a compromise in which machines are 
used as spam servers.
http://www.securityfocus.com/guest/24043

January 2004: SecurityFocus analysis of legal issues associated with "the 
Trojan did it" cases (as reprinted in The Register).
http://www.theregister.co.uk/content/56/34985.html

I hope that this is sufficient evidence to persuade the sceptic that spammers 
and other miscreants are ROUTINELY using compromised third party computers to 
do their dirty work. Any anti-spam proposal (particularly those that propose 
a cost-burden to the sender) should take this fact into consideration.

Regards,
TFBW


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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Its all over for Challenge Response
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On Sat, Jan 31, 2004 at 10:22:13PM -0500, Alan DeKok wrote

>   Despite the recent phenomenal increase in spam, there is still
> massive opposition to *doing* anything about the problem.  I remain,
> as always, amazed.

  Even worse, is the reaction to those who are actually doing something
about the problem.  Deep pockets from dot-com IPO's sued MAPS into near
uselessness.  SPEWS stays anonymous to avoid the same fate.

  There are "legitimate" spammers who do not want to see spamming made
totally illegal, because they want to get in on the act once the "bad
spammers" are shut down.  The main difference between them is that "bad
spammers" break the law, while "legitimate spammers" buy politicians to
re-write the law.  This time around they bought opt-out legislation.  If
technical solutions do succeed in stopping spam, mark my word, you
*WILL* see "must carry" legislation for "legitimate marketing email".

-- 
Walter Dnes <waltdnes@waltdnes.org>
Email users are divided into two classes;
1) Those who have effective spam-blocking
2) Those who wish they did

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From: "Hallam-Baker, Phillip" <pbaker@verisign.com>
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Subject: RE: [Asrg] Its all over for Challenge Response
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>   Even worse, is the reaction to those who are actually doing 
> something
> about the problem.  Deep pockets from dot-com IPO's sued MAPS 
> into near
> uselessness.  SPEWS stays anonymous to avoid the same fate.

MAPS was undercapitalized for the role they wanted to play and they
got cocky. They were finished once they started talking about
'collateral damage'.

> If
> technical solutions do succeed in stopping spam, mark my word, you
> *WILL* see "must carry" legislation for "legitimate marketing email".

So? If we have good domain based authentication much better for the MTA
to accept any mail that is authenticated and allow the MUA to perform
filtering on the basis of domain owner reputation.

I don't want my ISP making arbitrary decisions about what mail I receive,
I want to make those decisions myself, although I will probably use
third party info to do so.

I agree that the spam issue will change in character once the mafia
spammers are eliminated. Actually that does not help some of the
constituencies I work with, spam scams will probably become more 
effective with less competition. Who can believe that 20 nigerians 
each day are choosing them to transport cash out of the country?
Who can believe that they screw up their paypal account 5 times a day?

Unfortunately these scams will be more successful when the volume of
attacks falls.

		Phill


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from Vol 523
>   Despite the recent phenomenal increase in spam, there is still
> massive opposition to *doing* anything about the problem.  I remain,
> as always, amazed. [..] There are plenty of people willing to do 
> something about it but
> talking isn't doing, is it? This place can never solve or even stem
> the problem. It's a research group, research. Not design or

Hi,

   I've been lurking on this list for a couple of days, trying to figure 
out of this is the best place to bring this idea up (someone 
recommended when I posted to the news.admin.net-abuse.email group).

   I have in the past gotten an awful lot of "Mail undeliverable" 
message from the daemon, with attached virus code in raw hex.  I have 
been told that some of the worms will send out email that looks like 
such a mail daemon error.  This could be, but I got the impression here 
that some worm had sent out copies of itself to a bunch of addresses, 
with my address in a spoofed From: header, and that for those addresses 
that had been cancelled, or did not exist (I've noticed that many 
worms/spammers appear to send junk to several "variants" of a 
particular address).  Then the mail (ALL of it, including the attached 
worm code in raw hex) is bounced back to me (the spoofed sender).

   This would not be TOO annoying (any more than any other worm/spam 
is), except that the attachments are usually anywhere from 30-150KB in 
size, and I'm still on a dial-up line (to say nothing of the bandwidth 
these bounces use as they travel through the Internet).

   Furthermore, the attachments (even if they were legitimate 
attachments) are useless, since they are bounced by the daemon in raw 
hex format, and thus are not interpretable to most email readers.  If a 
legitimate attachment got bounced, the original sender should logically 
have a copy of it still around.  So why is the raw hex even left in the 
bounce message?  To copy it there seems to me to server no purpose, 
other than to provide more incentive for people like me to get DSL 
(maybe a good thing, but that's another matter entirely), and clog the 
internet trunks (which is already happening, and may or may not matter, 
especially after the fiber glut of the late '90s)

   Does anyone else think this makes sense and that the RFC for mailer 
daemons should therefore be changed (or a new RFC proposed, or however 
the process goes, I'm new to this, as you can tell..)

Thank you,
Jim Witte
jswitte@bloomington.in.us
Indiana University Cog Sci/Comp Sci


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On Thu, 1 Jan 1970 03:50:53 -0500, Jim Witte wrote:

>   I've been lurking on this list for a couple of days,

Apparently for more than 30 years from the date of your messge


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[Was "Re: [Asrg] Its all over for Challenge Response", subject changed 
as per posting guidelines. Mod.]

Jon Kyme wrote:
>>Jon Kyme responds:
>>
>>>This is all getting silly.
>>>Numbers?
>>>Actual exploit?
>>
>>I say:
>>Does anyone still seriously doubt that spamming miscreants are using
>>third
>>party computers as their web, mail and DNS hosts? Jon? This is not a new 
>>phenomenon anymore.
>>
> 
> [many links snipped]
> 
> The point was about paying for puzzle solving with porn views.
> I'm still unaware of the existence of an exploit or a good discussion of
> the economics.
> 
> I'm not saying it's impossible, just currently in the realm of theory.
> 

The original news article is here, you can probably contact the 
journalist and ask:

http://www.post-gazette.com/pg/03278/228349.stm

Matt McCay of W3C who wrote the draft on Turing tests, might help as well:

http://www.bestkungfu.com/archive/?id=257

Yakov

-------
Yakov Shafranovich / asrg <at> shaftek.org
SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc. / research <at> solidmatrix.com
"Be liberal in what you accept, and conservative in what you send" (Jon 
Postel)
-------


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[Subject changed as per posting guidelines,  (was Re: [Asrg] Getting 
SMTP "Bounce email" part of RFC changed... forget binary attachments). Mod.]

Jim Witte wrote:
> 
>   This would not be TOO annoying (any more than any other worm/spam is), 
> except that the attachments are usually anywhere from 30-150KB in size, 
> and I'm still on a dial-up line (to say nothing of the bandwidth these 
> bounces use as they travel through the Internet).
> 

Many email clients have an option to download the first XXX Kbs of a 
message, before downloading the rest.

>   Furthermore, the attachments (even if they were legitimate 
> attachments) are useless, since they are bounced by the daemon in raw 
> hex format, and thus are not interpretable to most email readers.  If a 
> legitimate attachment got bounced, the original sender should logically 
> have a copy of it still around.  So why is the raw hex even left in the 
> bounce message?  To copy it there seems to me to server no purpose, 
> other than to provide more incentive for people like me to get DSL 
> (maybe a good thing, but that's another matter entirely), and clog the 
> internet trunks (which is already happening, and may or may not matter, 
> especially after the fiber glut of the late '90s)
> 
>   Does anyone else think this makes sense and that the RFC for mailer 
> daemons should therefore be changed (or a new RFC proposed, or however 
> the process goes, I'm new to this, as you can tell..)
>

The SMTP protocol does not distinguish between attachements and 
non-attachements, since it usually does not parse the body of the message.

Yakov
-------
Yakov Shafranovich / asrg <at> shaftek.org
SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc. / research <at> solidmatrix.com
"Some lies are easier to believe than the truth" (Dune)
-------


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Subject: 2a. Best Current Practices - Re: [Asrg] Getting SMTP "Bounce email" part of RFC changed... forget binary attachments
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[Changing the subject - btw, is there a list of the recommended subject
prefixes somewhere? For those of us who post rather infrequently to this
list it would be handy]

On 1970-01-01 03:50:53 -0500, Jim Witte wrote:
>   I have in the past gotten an awful lot of "Mail undeliverable"=20
> message from the daemon, with attached virus code in raw hex.  I have=20
> been told that some of the worms will send out email that looks like=20
> such a mail daemon error.  This could be, but I got the impression here=
=20
> that some worm had sent out copies of itself to a bunch of addresses,=20
> with my address in a spoofed From: header, and that for those addresses=
=20
> that had been cancelled, or did not exist (I've noticed that many=20
> worms/spammers appear to send junk to several "variants" of a=20
> particular address).  Then the mail (ALL of it, including the attached=20
> worm code in raw hex) is bounced back to me (the spoofed sender).

Ignoring the question what "raw hex" might be and the fact that there
are worms which disguise themselves as DSNs, yes, real bounced viruses
and spam are annoying enough.

>   Does anyone else think this makes sense and that the RFC for mailer=20
> daemons should therefore be changed (or a new RFC proposed, or however=20
> the process goes, I'm new to this, as you can tell..)

There is no need to change an RFC, since, AFAICS, no RFC says that the
complete message must be included in the bounce message:

RFC 2821:

   If an SMTP server has accepted the task of relaying the mail and
   later finds that the destination is incorrect or that the mail cannot
   be delivered for some other reason, then it MUST construct an
   "undeliverable mail" notification message and send it to the
   originator of the undeliverable mail (as indicated by the reverse-
   path).  Formats specified for non-delivery reports by other standards
   (see, for example, [24, 25]) SHOULD be used if possible.

RFC 3464:

   (d) If the original message or a portion of the message is to be
       returned to the sender, it appears as the third component of the
       multipart/report.

So RFC 2821 only mandates that some non-delivery notification must be
sent, but does not the information included in or the format. Even the
totally useless bounce I got recently "The message sent from <undisclosed>
to <undisclosed> could not be delivered" is conforming to RFC 2821. It
does however strongly recommend the format in RFC 3464
(multipart/report), which includes *the original message or a portion* of
it as an *optional* part.=20

So an MTA conforming to both RFCs could (and probably should) only
return a part (maybe the first text/plain part) of the original message.
However, RFC 3464 also says:

   (e) It must preserve enough information to allow the maintainer of a
       remote MTA to understand (and if possible, reproduce) the
       conditions that caused a delivery failure at that MTA.

and the third part should be of type message/rfc822 (though the RFC
doesn't explicitely say so), so some care must be taken when shortening
messages.

Your "raw hex" bounces almost certainly do not conform to RFC 3464, btw.
=09
	hp

--=20
   _  | Peter J. Holzer    | In this vale
|_|_) | Sysadmin WSR       | Of toil and sin
| |   | hjp@hjp.at         | Your head grows bald
__/   | http://www.hjp.at/ | But not your chin.           -- Burma Shave

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Subject: Re: [Asrg] 2. C/R - Exploits
To: "Yakov Shafranovich"  <research@solidmatrix.com>
From: "Jon Kyme" <jrk@merseymail.com>
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> 
> The original news article is here, you can probably contact the 
> journalist and ask:
> 
> http://www.post-gazette.com/pg/03278/228349.stm
>

Thanks Yakov, I shall certainly do that. I'll let you know what I find out.

 




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From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@ox.org>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 0. General - Bounces and Attachments 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Mon, 02 Feb 2004 09:19:01 EST."
             <401E5C55.8080501@solidmatrix.com> 
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Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com> wrote:
> The SMTP protocol does not distinguish between attachements and 
> non-attachements, since it usually does not parse the body of the message.

  That is, there is nothing within SMTP to allow a recipient MTA to
be informed as to:

  a) size of the body
  b) hints as to the content of the body

  Right now, the recipient has to accept the entire message to obtain
this information.

  If SMTP required the originator to publish the size and number of
messages they were trying to deliver, then that would provide
significant information to the recipient, which would allow him to
make better decisions about the messages.

  e.g. I don't know who you are, and you want to send me a 1M message?
       sorry, you get 10 kbps.

  e.g. You said you wanted to send me a 1k message, and you've just
       hit the 10k mark.  I think I'll hang up now, and blacklist you.


  These sort of protocol additions have *zero* impact on trusted and
honest users of SMTP.  They can have large impact on the ability to
deal with malicious unknown senders.

  But... SMTP is perfect as-is.  Why would we want to change it?

  Alan DeKok.

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Subject: Re: [Asrg] 0. General - Bounces and Attachments
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On 2004-02-02 11:43:29 -0500, Alan DeKok wrote:
> Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com> wrote:
> > The SMTP protocol does not distinguish between attachements and=20
> > non-attachements, since it usually does not parse the body of the messa=
ge.
>=20
>   That is, there is nothing within SMTP to allow a recipient MTA to
> be informed as to:
>=20
>   a) size of the body

There is the SMTP SIZE extension (RFC 1870), which is in widespread use.

>   b) hints as to the content of the body

Right. That would be nice.

>   Right now, the recipient has to accept the entire message to obtain
> this information.
>=20
>   If SMTP required the originator to publish the size and number of
> messages they were trying to deliver, then that would provide
> significant information to the recipient, which would allow him to
> make better decisions about the messages.
>=20
>   e.g. I don't know who you are, and you want to send me a 1M message?
>        sorry, you get 10 kbps.
>=20
>   e.g. You said you wanted to send me a 1k message, and you've just
>        hit the 10k mark.  I think I'll hang up now, and blacklist you.

The size extension (like all extensions) is optional. However, similar
policies could currently be implemented:=20

You can throttle the speed to 10 kbps on all unknown senders which don't
support the size extension (this won't hurt unknown senders which send
small messages much).

You can impose a small message size limit on unknown senders and either=20
hangup and blacklist them or reject the message after receiving it (and
blacklist them).

>   These sort of protocol additions have *zero* impact on trusted and
> honest users of SMTP.

If the size extension is made mandatory for clients, many MTAs will have
to be upgraded or replaced. This is not zero impact. We already have a
voluntary mechanism for the client to disclose this information.

	hp

--=20
   _  | Peter J. Holzer    | In this vale
|_|_) | Sysadmin WSR       | Of toil and sin
| |   | hjp@hjp.at         | Your head grows bald
__/   | http://www.hjp.at/ | But not your chin.           -- Burma Shave

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From: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>
Organization: SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc.
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Subject: [Asrg] 0. General - Soliciting Volunteers for Subgroups
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ASRG Members,

We are forming subgroups in line with the new charter, and are seeking
volunteers. Each subgroup has specific goals and targeted
participants, which are described on the homepage of each subgroup. All
subgroups currently being formed and active have a closed membership
policy. To join, please contact the ASRG chairs, contact information can
be found on the ASRG homepage: http://asrg.sp.am.

We expect all of these to start this month depending on
the feedback we receive and interest of the community. Feel free to
forward this message along to interested parties.

The list of the subgroups is as follows
(http://asrg.sp.am/about/subgroups.shtml):
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
o Abuse Reporting Standards - researches standard formats and protocols
for reporting email and network abuse
Homepage: http://asrg.sp.am/subgroups/abuse_reports.shtml)

o Analysis & Characterization (A&C) - applies empirical and quantitative
methods to problems and issues surrounding spam
Homepage: http://asrg.sp.am/subgroups/analysis.shtml

o Best Current Practices (BCP) - researches and documents best practices
for spam management
Homepage: http://asrg.sp.am/subgroups/bcp.shtml

o Filtering Standards (FILTERING) - researches filtering standards for
dynamic updating and interaction with MTAs
Homepage: http://asrg.sp.am/subgroups/filtering.shtml

o Inventory of Problems - research problems with the current email
architechture that facilitate spam
http://asrg.sp.am/subgroups/problems.shtml

o Message Verification (MSG-VERIFY) - researches solutions dealing with
verification and authetication in the email messages and headers
http://asrg.sp.am/subgroups/msg_verify.shtml

o SMTP Session Verification (SMTP-VERIFY) - researches solutions dealing
with authetication and verification of the SMTP session (will encompass
the old LMAP and CRI subgroups)
http://asrg.sp.am/subgroups/smtp_verify.shtml
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Sincerely,
Yakov Shafranovich
Co-Chair, Anti-Spam Research Group (ASRG)
of the Internet Research Task Force (IRTF)
ASRG Homepage: http://asrg.sp.am

-------
Yakov Shafranovich / asrg <at> shaftek.org
SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc. / research <at> solidmatrix.com
"Be liberal in what you accept, and conservative in what you send" (Jon 
Postel)
-------


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From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@ox.org>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 0. General - Bounces and Attachments 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Mon, 02 Feb 2004 19:26:39 +0100."
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"Peter J. Holzer" <hjp-asrg@hjp.at> wrote:
> >   a) size of the body
> 
> There is the SMTP SIZE extension (RFC 1870), which is in widespread use.

  Arg.  That's what I get for not reading ~3,5k RFC's.

> If the size extension is made mandatory for clients, many MTAs will have
> to be upgraded or replaced. This is not zero impact.

  It's a one-time cost to upgrade their systems.  They may get this
feature for free, as part of their normal upgrade process.  We already
know that *any* changes to SMTP use, implementation, or deployment
already have costs.  So I'm less concerned about the deployment costs,
as long as they're small.

  Unlike other solutions which require ongoing maintenance and user
interaction (e.g. DK user key distribution), requiring publication of
sender policy is a process which is transparent to all participants
above the MTA level.  And even the MTA administrators don't have to do
more than set policy, and then maintain it.

> We already have a voluntary mechanism for the client to disclose
> this information.

  Which is currently unhelpful... because many "trusted" systems don't
use it.  So the information it provides is unreliable, in that it
doesn't help distinguish bad systems from good ones.  

  As a general principle, most systems could handle spam if they
published a policy for accepting spam (# of messages, size, arrival
rate, bandwidth, etc.), and then the spammers *followed* that policy.
Right not, there's no way for the recipient to publish their policy,
and there are few ways for the originator to publish what they intend
to send.

  There's the following draft which is interesting:

http://www.potaroo.net/ietf/ids/draft-shveidel-mediasize-04.txt

  It's part of the "lemonade" group, and would appear to be relevant.
But the authors intention for it is to allow MTA's to better handle
multi-media mail, not to deal with spam.

  Syntactical objections to it are at:

https://www1.ietf.org/mail-archive/working-groups/lemonade/current/msg00285.html

  Alan DeKok.

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On 2004-02-02 13:50:55 -0500, Alan DeKok wrote:
> "Peter J. Holzer" <hjp-asrg@hjp.at> wrote:
> > >   a) size of the body
> >=20
> > There is the SMTP SIZE extension (RFC 1870), which is in widespread use.
>=20
>   Arg.  That's what I get for not reading ~3,5k RFC's.

:-)


> > If the size extension is made mandatory for clients, many MTAs will have
> > to be upgraded or replaced. This is not zero impact.
>=20
>   It's a one-time cost to upgrade their systems.  They may get this
> feature for free, as part of their normal upgrade process.  We already
> know that *any* changes to SMTP use, implementation, or deployment
> already have costs.  So I'm less concerned about the deployment costs,
> as long as they're small.

No disagreement here. I was only objecting to "zero impact". There will
be costs, not only in money and labour to upgrade the software, but also
in rejected legitimate mails, when some MTAs start to reject messages
without a size estimate while others still haven't implemented it.=20

I cannot estimate how large that would be: SIZE is already widely, but
not universally deployed.

> > We already have a voluntary mechanism for the client to disclose
> > this information.
>=20
>   Which is currently unhelpful... because many "trusted" systems don't
> use it.  So the information it provides is unreliable, in that it
> doesn't help distinguish bad systems from good ones. =20
>=20
>   As a general principle, most systems could handle spam if they
> published a policy for accepting spam (# of messages, size, arrival
> rate, bandwidth, etc.), and then the spammers *followed* that policy.

I don't think that's very realistic. Firstly, people want zero spam, and
unlimited "interesting" mails. My users complain if they get a single 1k
spam message per day and they complain if they don't get those 67 40MB
powerpoint presentations that someone sent them in an hour. There just
isn't a correlation between # messages, arrival rate, bandwidth, etc.
and "spam". Secondly, spammers don't admit they send spam, and a single
spammer often masquerades as many senders.

> Right not, there's no way for the recipient to publish their policy,
> and there are few ways for the originator to publish what they intend
> to send.
>=20
>   There's the following draft which is interesting:
>=20
> http://www.potaroo.net/ietf/ids/draft-shveidel-mediasize-04.txt

Indeed. That may make some impact on worms, etc. (However, MTAs MUST
check the real content-types to make it effective: An executable
masquerading as a 4 second audio-File would otherwise slip through
almost everywhere). It won't have much impact on UCE, which is almost
exclusively text (plain or html).

	hp

--=20
   _  | Peter J. Holzer    | In this vale
|_|_) | Sysadmin WSR       | Of toil and sin
| |   | hjp@hjp.at         | Your head grows bald
__/   | http://www.hjp.at/ | But not your chin.           -- Burma Shave

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Alan DeKok wrote:
> "Peter J. Holzer" <hjp-asrg@hjp.at> wrote:
> 
>>We already have a voluntary mechanism for the client to disclose
>>this information.
>  
>   Which is currently unhelpful... because many "trusted" systems don't
> use it.  So the information it provides is unreliable, in that it
> doesn't help distinguish bad systems from good ones.  
> 
>   As a general principle, most systems could handle spam if they
> published a policy for accepting spam (# of messages, size, arrival
> rate, bandwidth, etc.), and then the spammers *followed* that policy.
> Right not, there's no way for the recipient to publish their policy,
> and there are few ways for the originator to publish what they intend
> to send.
> 

There has been some talk about a generic policy expression mechanisms 
for MTAs. The question is how do you enforce it?

Yakov
-------
Yakov Shafranovich / asrg <at> shaftek.org
SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc. / research <at> solidmatrix.com
"Some lies are easier to believe than the truth" (Dune)
-------


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To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 0. General - Bounces and Attachments
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>  As a general principle, most systems could handle spam if they
>published a policy for accepting spam (# of messages, size, arrival
>rate, bandwidth, etc.), and then the spammers *followed* that policy.

Given that spammers have made it pretty clear that they will stoop to
anything to try to shove their junk into our MTAs, I don't see how
publishing a policy could be of any use unless it was soemthing like
my old NO UCE banner with lawsuits to back it up.  Anything more
complex than a single bit for spam/no spam is overimplemented.

Regards,
John Levine, johnl@iecc.com, Primary Perpetrator of "The Internet for Dummies",
Information Superhighwayman wanna-be, http://iecc.com/johnl, Sewer Commissioner
"More Wiener schnitzel, please", said Tom, revealingly.
 

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From: Brett Watson <famous-asrg@nutters.org>
Organization: PhD Student, Macquarie University
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: [Asrg] 0. General - Pointer to resource for studying existing standards
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Alan DeKok wrote:
> Arg.  That's what I get for not reading ~3,5k RFC's.

It's difficult to keep abreast of existing standards and proposals, but if 
Internet mail standards happen to be your specific interest, then the 
Internet Mail Consortium's website may prove useful.

  http://www.imc.org/

The following page has a list of mail-related RFCs, neatly categorised and 
marked according to their status (as informative, BCP, proposed standard, 
etc).

  http://www.imc.org/rfcs.html

I encourage readers of this list to have a brief look around it, and bookmark 
those pages which appear useful. It is also the home of the "mail-ng" mailing 
list which Yakov mentioned recently.

Regards,
TFBW


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Is anyone else getting challenges back 
for / from
nedelcho.stanev@atlanticsky.com ?

If so, can the owner  do something about it or
can that address be knocked off the list please?








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On 2004-02-03 09:29:50 +0000, Jon Kyme wrote:
> Is anyone else getting challenges back=20
> for / from
> nedelcho.stanev@atlanticsky.com ?

Yes.

	hp

--=20
   _  | Peter J. Holzer    | In this vale
|_|_) | Sysadmin WSR       | Of toil and sin
| |   | hjp@hjp.at         | Your head grows bald
__/   | http://www.hjp.at/ | But not your chin.           -- Burma Shave

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Peter J. Holzer wrote:
> On 2004-02-03 09:29:50 +0000, Jon Kyme wrote:
> 
>>Is anyone else getting challenges back 
>>for / from
>>nedelcho.stanev@atlanticsky.com ?
> 
> 
> Yes.
> 

I am getting these also. I disabled list delivery to that address until 
the owner can sort out his C/R system.

Yakov

-------
Yakov Shafranovich / asrg <at> shaftek.org
SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc. / research <at> solidmatrix.com
"I want to know G-d's thoughts... the rest are details" (Albert Einstein)
-------


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From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@ox.org>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 0. General - Bounces and Attachments 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "03 Feb 2004 02:25:54 GMT."
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John Levine <asrg@johnlevine.com> wrote:
> Given that spammers have made it pretty clear that they will stoop to
> anything to try to shove their junk into our MTAs, I don't see how
> publishing a policy could be of any use unless it was soemthing like
> my old NO UCE banner with lawsuits to back it up.  Anything more
> complex than a single bit for spam/no spam is overimplemented.

  This comes back to the question of why doors have locks, when the
locks don't prevent criminals from entering.

  Publishing a policy as to number, size, bandwidth, etc. for incoming
mail allows a recipient to better interact with any cooperating
originator to better manage network resources.

  e.g. Rather than bouncing mail when the disk is full, tell the
       originator "try again in a day"

  More information means better decisions.  Much of this kind of
information is currently *implicit* in SMTP.  It means that in order
to cooperate with the recipient, the originator must jump through all
sorts of hoops to try to discover the recipients policy.  That work is
unnecessary, and is wasteful of resources.


  So how does this apply to spammers?  As you said, they are
non-cooperating originators.  Once the recipient publishes a policy,
and an originator doesn't cooperate, then the recipient has reasonable
grounds for changing the way he deals with that originator.  Getting
such information in the mail envelope stage is *much* preferable to
getting it post-facto, after applying a content filter which may or
may not work.

  In other words, the spammers are non-cooperative in the SMTP
conversation, completely independent of the message body.  That fact
alone means that SMTP envelope methods to address spam will ALWAYS be
more effective than content-based filtering.

  And we are seeing this now.  Many spammers are sending messages
like:

---
  Here's the URL you requested:

  http....
--

  There is so little content to that message that in order to prevent
similar non-spam messages from being caught in a filter, the filter
must err on the side of false negatives... and let spam through.  This
solution is unacceptable in many ways.


  Now you might say that recipients are already publishing such
policies.  But they're not, really.  They may be *enforcing* such
policies, but there is no standard way to publish them.  This lack of
a standard also means that it's more difficult for the local
administrator to decide what the policies are.  The decisions usually
end up being:

  - MTA software says turn on feature FOO to gith spam
    Ok... we turn it on.

  Question: What's the local site policy?
  Answer: The administrator doesn't know.

  So having a method to publish those policies means that the
administrators will create them, rather than just using magic stuff
that other people told them works.  Magic wands are nice for wizards,
but they're inappropriate in a technical environment.

  Alan DeKok.

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From: "Eric Dean" <eric@purespeed.com>
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Subject: RE: [Asrg] 2. C/R - Exploits
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I'd be mildly interested to better understand the CRI exploits:
http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-irtf-asrg-cri-00.txt

This document expires next month...there has been little to no
discussion nor interest of this draft (nor any others which I have
seen).  We are a research group that is to produce research for the IETF
rather than merely exchange ideas.


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In-Reply-To: <006201c3ea6f$d25b15c0$6401a8c0@sohonotebook>
Subject: Re: RE: [Asrg] 2. C/R - Exploits
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> 
> I'd be mildly interested to better understand the CRI exploits:
> http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-irtf-asrg-cri-00.txt
> 
> 
> This document expires next month...there has been little to no
> discussion nor interest of this draft (nor any others which I have
> seen).  We are a research group that is to produce research for the IETF
> rather than merely exchange ideas.


Not specifically C/R - but following on from a previous thread, I'm trying
to track down the "porn-pay" CAPTCHA exploit.
I had a prompt and helpful response from Byron Spice,
I'm hoping to hear back from Luis von Ahn at CMU.  

Greg Mori of UC Berkeley Computer Vision Group has some pages oulining a
method used to break Gimpy, the CAPTCHA used at Yahoo!
http://www.cs.berkeley.edu/~mori/



I would guess the CRI draft needs some revision,
<strike>consent</strike> at least :-)








--

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From: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>
Organization: SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc.
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Subject: [Asrg] 1. Analysis - Subgroup is suspended
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The analysis subgroup has been suspended due to lack of interest by 
participants, relevant message is here:

http://asrg.kavi.com/apps/group_public/email/analysis//msg00096.html

Comments and suggestions on the future of analysis work are welcome.

Sincerely,
Yakov Shafranovich
Co-Chair, ASRG
-------
Yakov Shafranovich / asrg <at> shaftek.org
SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc. / research <at> solidmatrix.com
"And this too shall come to pass"
-------


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From: "Walter Dnes" <waltdnes@waltdnes.org>
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Its all over for Challenge Response
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On Sun, Feb 01, 2004 at 07:59:29PM -0800, Hallam-Baker, Phillip wrote

> MAPS was undercapitalized for the role they wanted to play and they
> got cocky. They were finished once they started talking about
> 'collateral damage'.

  Let's be grateful that it was a multi-billion dollar giant like AOL
that Sanford Wallace chose to sue, and establish favourable case-law for
the anti-spam side.

> > If technical solutions do succeed in stopping spam, mark my word, you
> > *WILL* see "must carry" legislation for "legitimate marketing email".
> 
> So? If we have good domain based authentication much better for the MTA
> to accept any mail that is authenticated and allow the MUA to perform
> filtering on the basis of domain owner reputation.

  What use is a MUA-based filter when your 10-megabyte inbox is
rejecting inbound email because you're over quota ?

> I don't want my ISP making arbitrary decisions about what mail I
> receive, I want to make those decisions myself, although I will
> probably use third party info to do so.

  But what about the 95% of end-users who don't understand CIDRs, how to
invoke DNSbls in their filters, and end up begging their ISPs to do
whatever is necessary to stop the flow of spam to their inboxes ?  Why
shouln't they be allowed the *CHOICE* of outsourcing their spam-blocking?

-- 
Walter Dnes <waltdnes@waltdnes.org>
Email users are divided into two classes;
1) Those who have effective spam-blocking
2) Those who wish they did

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From: "Hallam-Baker, Phillip" <pbaker@verisign.com>
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Subject: RE: [Asrg] Its all over for Challenge Response
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>   Let's be grateful that it was a multi-billion dollar giant like AOL
> that Sanford Wallace chose to sue, and establish favourable 
> case-law for the anti-spam side.

Yes, and it is also a good thing that they did not sue some
clown like the SPEWS guy. It was a really bad thing when we ended
up with Emanuel goldstein of 2600 as the front guy on the 
DeCSS thing.


> > So? If we have good domain based authentication much better 
> for the MTA
> > to accept any mail that is authenticated and allow the MUA 
> to perform
> > filtering on the basis of domain owner reputation.
> 
>   What use is a MUA-based filter when your 10-megabyte inbox is
> rejecting inbound email because you're over quota ?

If I can tell my ISP what criteria to apply then that is OK for me.


> > I don't want my ISP making arbitrary decisions about what mail I
> > receive, I want to make those decisions myself, although I will
> > probably use third party info to do so.
> 
>   But what about the 95% of end-users who don't understand 
> CIDRs, how to
> invoke DNSbls in their filters, and end up begging their ISPs to do
> whatever is necessary to stop the flow of spam to their inboxes ?  Why
> shouln't they be allowed the *CHOICE* of outsourcing their 
> spam-blocking?

I am not going to argue on that one, clearly I have the right as an
end user to outsource spam blocking, but that should be my choice
not the ISP.

		Phill 

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Subject: RE: [Asrg] Its all over for Challenge Response
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At 2/2/2004 01:59 Monday, Hallam-Baker, Phillip wrote:
>I don't want my ISP making arbitrary decisions about what mail I receive,
>I want to make those decisions myself, although I will probably use
>third party info to do so.

Phill, I think that you are making the almost usual mistake here in this 
group that you assume that everybody on the internet has an idea what they 
are doing. These days are over. Since about 10 years people using the 
internet have not a single idea about the technical side of it.
99.9% of all mail users would be more than happy when their ISP would do 
anything to suppress their spam. If this costs some legitimate mails 
occasionally, ok, so be it. People are used to it.
They are loosing so much data because of viruses, spam and other malware 
that they are accustomed.
Not that I would ever say that this is an acceptable situation, but its the 
everyday truth of the average computer user.

All discussion on this list focuses on details which make a difference for 
10% of all technology savy internet users, instead of focusing on solving 
the problems of the remaining 99.5% of the internet users.
If a solution to spam takes your freedom to choose if you want to use this 
or that, ok, so what? We, as developers (me included), administrators, etc. 
tend to loose completely the focus on whats practicable and useful for Joe 
Average.

Sorry for ranting, but this group starts to be grotesque.

Andreas 


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From: "Hallam-Baker, Phillip" <pbaker@verisign.com>
To: "'Andreas Saurwein'" <saurwein@uniwares.com>, asrg@ietf.org
Subject: RE: [Asrg] Its all over for Challenge Response
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> At 2/2/2004 01:59 Monday, Hallam-Baker, Phillip wrote:
> >I don't want my ISP making arbitrary decisions about what 
> mail I receive,
> >I want to make those decisions myself, although I will probably use
> >third party info to do so.
> 
> Phill, I think that you are making the almost usual mistake 
> here in this 
> group that you assume that everybody on the internet has an 
> idea what they 
> are doing. 

Actually this is ny main complaint about the IETF establishment. 
They still think they have a right to control the future of the net
but they simply don't care about the ordinary user.


> These days are over. Since about 10 years people using the 
> internet have not a single idea about the technical side of it.
> 99.9% of all mail users would be more than happy when their 
> ISP would do anything to suppress their spam.  

All I think is necessary here is for the ISP to

	* Tell the end user what they are doing
	* Give the user an opportunity to opt out or select different
settings

I think that it would be OK to require ISPs to get consent from 
the end user.

What I want to avoid here is a situation where a Rupert Murdoch could 
decide to only allow political groups that agree with Fox News to
send mail to customers.

		Phill
	

_______________________________________________
Asrg mailing list
Asrg@ietf.org
https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg



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"Hallam-Baker, Phillip" <pbaker@verisign.com> wrote:

> All I think is necessary here is for the ISP to
>
>	* Tell the end user what they are doing
>	* Give the user an opportunity to opt out or select different
> settings

That can always be done by selecting a different ISP.  Therefore, any
problem is self-limiting.

> What I want to avoid here is a situation where a Rupert Murdoch could 
> decide to only allow political groups that agree with Fox News to
> send mail to customers.

Would you also want to limit the ability of a church that provides
email accounts for its members to limit the ability of opposing
religions to send mail to its members?

Would you also want to limit the ability of a company to limit the
ability of headhunters to solicit its employees?

Seth

_______________________________________________
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https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg



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From: "Chris" <rebel@rebel.com.au>
To: <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] Its all over for Challenge Response
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> > These days are over. Since about 10 years people using the
> > internet have not a single idea about the technical side of it.
> > 99.9% of all mail users would be more than happy when their
> > ISP would do anything to suppress their spam.
>
> All I think is necessary here is for the ISP to
>
> 	* Tell the end user what they are doing
> 	* Give the user an opportunity to opt out or select different
> settings
>
> I think that it would be OK to require ISPs to get consent from
> the end user.
>
> What I want to avoid here is a situation where a Rupert Murdoch could
> decide to only allow political groups that agree with Fox News to
> send mail to customers.
>
> 		Phill

I agree wholeheartedly with Phill

we must not let a precious few decide whats good or not good for us mere
punters.

I have run into some of the self appointed web based DemiGods and they are
rather unlikeable chaps. who firmly believe they know best.

unfortunately they usually get elected to government ;)

it is also a major mistake to believe what the majority will accept(mostly
through ignorance), is good enough for everybody.

Regards
Chris
Rebel@rebel.com.au



> -----Original Message-----
> From: asrg-admin@ietf.org [mailto:asrg-admin@ietf.org]On Behalf Of
> Hallam-Baker, Phillip
> Sent: Wednesday, February 04, 2004 1:48 PM
> To: 'Andreas Saurwein'; asrg@ietf.org
> Subject: RE: [Asrg] Its all over for Challenge Response
>
>
>
> > At 2/2/2004 01:59 Monday, Hallam-Baker, Phillip wrote:
> > >I don't want my ISP making arbitrary decisions about what
> > mail I receive,
> > >I want to make those decisions myself, although I will probably use
> > >third party info to do so.
> >
> > Phill, I think that you are making the almost usual mistake
> > here in this
> > group that you assume that everybody on the internet has an
> > idea what they
> > are doing.
>
> Actually this is ny main complaint about the IETF establishment.
> They still think they have a right to control the future of the net
> but they simply don't care about the ordinary user.
>
>
> > These days are over. Since about 10 years people using the
> > internet have not a single idea about the technical side of it.
> > 99.9% of all mail users would be more than happy when their
> > ISP would do anything to suppress their spam.
>
> All I think is necessary here is for the ISP to
>
> 	* Tell the end user what they are doing
> 	* Give the user an opportunity to opt out or select different
> settings
>
> I think that it would be OK to require ISPs to get consent from
> the end user.
>
> What I want to avoid here is a situation where a Rupert Murdoch could
> decide to only allow political groups that agree with Fox News to
> send mail to customers.
>
> 		Phill
>
>
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg


_______________________________________________
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Asrg@ietf.org
https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg



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Seth Breidbart wrote:
> "Hallam-Baker, Phillip" <pbaker@verisign.com> wrote:
>>All I think is necessary here is for the ISP to
>>  * Tell the end user what they are doing
>>  * Give the user an opportunity to opt out or select different
>>settings
> 
> That can always be done by selecting a different ISP.  Therefore, any
> problem is self-limiting.

One can only accept that different ISP if one knows what the current ISP is 
doing. If an ISP started silently dropping mail some random admin didn't 
like, it could be quite a while before customers realize what's going on. A 
great deal of legitimate (even critical) mail could be irretrievably lost in 
that time.

>>What I want to avoid here is a situation where a Rupert Murdoch could 
>>decide to only allow political groups that agree with Fox News to
>>send mail to customers.
> 
> Would you also want to limit the ability of a church that provides
> email accounts for its members to limit the ability of opposing
> religions to send mail to its members?
> 
> Would you also want to limit the ability of a company to limit the
> ability of headhunters to solicit its employees?

There would be no limit on those abilities. The only thing important here is 
that the customers/users be actively told what limits are in place.


--
Philip Miller

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At 4/2/2004 01:18 Wednesday, Hallam-Baker, Phillip wrote:
> > Phill, I think that you are making the almost usual mistake
> > here in this
> > group that you assume that everybody on the internet has an
> > idea what they
> > are doing.
>
>Actually this is ny main complaint about the IETF establishment.
>They still think they have a right to control the future of the net
>but they simply don't care about the ordinary user.

Suppose that is the price we pay with education - we expect others to have 
the same level of knowledge and that they understand us and our reasoning.

> > These days are over. Since about 10 years people using the
> > internet have not a single idea about the technical side of it.
> > 99.9% of all mail users would be more than happy when their
> > ISP would do anything to suppress their spam.
>
>All I think is necessary here is for the ISP to
>
>         * Tell the end user what they are doing
>         * Give the user an opportunity to opt out or select different
>settings
>
>I think that it would be OK to require ISPs to get consent from
>the end user.

Why? Would you ask your ISP to get consent when they limit bandwidth usage? 
Did anybody ever do it? So why expect it for mail? Most users wouldnt even 
know what to answer when confronted with the problem.
Sure, as "experienced" user we expect to have a choice, to have the freedom 
to use what we like/prefer/used to use. But most cases we just accept it - 
either because we have no way to complain or make a difference as a single 
entity, or because it just happens and we dont realize it immediately.
In any other area we accept that there are rules, standards, changes, laws 
which govern it. We are used to it. In software everything goes, everybody 
does what seems fit. That is a point to start a change.

>What I want to avoid here is a situation where a Rupert Murdoch could
>decide to only allow political groups that agree with Fox News to
>send mail to customers.

The same happens everyday, everywhere. Take for example SMS messages 
between different operators. Its often not even possible to send a SMS from 
operator A to someone using operator B. Why? Surely not because of 
technical reasons. The whole GSM mobile market is a good example of how a 
few rule millions. What is there that these millions can do for/against it?

Andreas




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At 4/2/2004 01:27 Wednesday, Seth wrote:
>"Hallam-Baker, Phillip" <pbaker@verisign.com> wrote:
> > All I think is necessary here is for the ISP to
> >
> >       * Tell the end user what they are doing
> >       * Give the user an opportunity to opt out or select different
> > settings
>
>That can always be done by selecting a different ISP.  Therefore, any
>problem is self-limiting.

Not always you have to choice of ISP. There are still lots of places where 
you have to be thankful that you HAVE internet access.

>Would you also want to limit the ability of a church that provides
>email accounts for its members to limit the ability of opposing
>religions to send mail to its members?

Yes

>Would you also want to limit the ability of a company to limit the
>ability of headhunters to solicit its employees?

Again Yes.
Thats what we call "policy". As a member or employee you accept the policy 
or you go somewhere else.

Andreas 


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> Suppose that is the price we pay with education - we expect 
> others to have 
> the same level of knowledge and that they understand us and 
> our reasoning.

No, the users know far more about the Internet. They use it
more aggressively than the establishment for a start.

The divide is much closer to the old divide between the 
mainframe MIS types and the people like me who grew up with 
micros. The MIS types thought they knew everything because 
they used the most powerful machines of the day. But they
simply could not see why technologies like MVS and COBOL
were doomed for the dustbin. They had grown up with the faults 
and could no longer see them.

> >What I want to avoid here is a situation where a Rupert Murdoch could
> >decide to only allow political groups that agree with Fox News to
> >send mail to customers.
> 
> The same happens everyday, everywhere. Take for example SMS messages 
> between different operators. Its often not even possible to 
> send a SMS from 
> operator A to someone using operator B. Why? Surely not because of 
> technical reasons. The whole GSM mobile market is a good 
> example of how a 
> few rule millions. What is there that these millions can do 
> for/against it?

That is something that will be solved sooner rather than later.

The millions usually win.

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Subject: RE: [Asrg] Its all over for Challenge Response
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At 4/2/2004 01:43 Wednesday, Hallam-Baker, Phillip wrote:
> > Suppose that is the price we pay with education - we expect
> > others to have
> > the same level of knowledge and that they understand us and
> > our reasoning.
>
>No, the users know far more about the Internet. They use it
>more aggressively than the establishment for a start.

Sorry, I was more referring to the situation between "The IETF" and the 
rest of the world. Its like geologist and adventurer - both know the world 
but they have two different views of it.

>The divide is much closer to the old divide between the
>mainframe MIS types and the people like me who grew up with
>micros. The MIS types thought they knew everything because
>they used the most powerful machines of the day. But they
>simply could not see why technologies like MVS and COBOL
>were doomed for the dustbin. They had grown up with the faults
>and could no longer see them.

Sounds familiar ;)

> > >What I want to avoid here is a situation where a Rupert Murdoch could
> > >decide to only allow political groups that agree with Fox News to
> > >send mail to customers.
> >
> > The same happens everyday, everywhere. Take for example SMS messages
> > between different operators. Its often not even possible to
> > send a SMS from
> > operator A to someone using operator B. Why? Surely not because of
> > technical reasons. The whole GSM mobile market is a good
> > example of how a
> > few rule millions. What is there that these millions can do
> > for/against it?
>
>That is something that will be solved sooner rather than later.
>The millions usually win.

Depends on the pace of advance. What we see here is such a quick advance 
that the changes faster than anybody can keep track of what is really going 
on. Only insiders and technically interested have any clue.
If the internet would be operated like telephone networks in general, we'd 
have a new mail protocol every 2-3 years and it would be completely 
incompatible to the others and nobody would ask any questions.
Why is it that software always has to be compatible? Nobody would ever 
expect hardware (not computers) be compatible to its previous models.

Andreas 


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Subject: RE: [Asrg] Its all over for Challenge Response
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The existence of the lock and it's circumvention prove (or tends to prove mens 
re - intent, to violate the laws governing legal entry in this case).

So, in the example given (and IANAL either) it is a matter of whether the 
trespasser can be proven to have intent to violate the codes for entry, e.g. 
invitation ("come on in"), solicitation (i.e. a welcome mat), free access (an 
open door), etc.; under 'reasonable' circumstances.  Where reasonable is 
usually subjective OR defined by legislation (for a particular jurisdiction) in 
the eyes of a judge or jury.

On Sunday, February 01, 2004 12:36 AM, Paul Tenny [SMTP:pwtenny@earthlink.net] 
wrote:
> Alan DeKok wrote:
> >   You've got it 100% backwards.  Everyone knows (or should know) that
> > locks won't keep all criminals out.  So the locks obviously aren't
> > there to keep the criminals out.

Correct.

> They keep everyone out who doesn't have the ability to defeat them.
> For those who can, we have layered security (like firearms, dogs and
> electronic security systems).

No.  No lock or counter-measure system (access control) is 100% full-proof, 
additional access controls only prove additional diligence for maintaining 
access control.  It raises the bar it does not eliminate the risk associated 
with more lethal threats.  Think about internal threats, e.g. the insider. 
 What you are proving when you mention "For those who can...", I think, is the 
point of the previous statement.

> >   The locks are there as a public statement by you that people have no
> > legal right to enter your home.  When someone does, they get charged
> > with "break and enter", which is a serious crime.  If you did not have
> > a lock, or left your door open, they would have been charged with
> > "trespass", which is a lesser crime.  (obligatory IANAL)

Yes.

> >   So the conclusion is that locks are a legal statement which permit
> > the justice system to file more serious charges than they could have
> > without the locks.  In the same way, technological methods of fighting
> > spam should be not only used to stop the amateur spammer, they can be
> > used to leverage more serious charges against the professional
> > spammer.

I agree.

> This is one of the most silly statements I've seen in my life. Locks
> exist to prevent access to something. There is no public statement
> because privacy and private access is something you're taught as a
> child. My car doesn't have locks to remind you of something you
> already know, it's to keep YOU out of someplace you do not belong.

No it is to control access to the 'someplace'.  Violation of that 'legal' 
access control is breaking the law.  Being taught as a child does not make it 
the law.  You may have been taught 'always knock before entering a door', I may 
have been taught 'always call before visiting', still another may have been 
taught (or learned) 'if there is a door it's ok to walk inside'.  Each of these 
is something we are taught or learn but neither prepares you for a locked door. 

The 'public' statement, in the example, is one that demonstrates a desire by 
the 'owner' to maintain access control.  Locks are access controls as you 
indicate, however they also serve the purpose of 'proving' due diligence by the 
owner to limit access.  Thus, a lock proves such diligence and typically aids 
in the proof of a violators mens re (intent) to violate that control and have 
his way.

You may knock, I may say go away, if you break down the door that's violating 
typical jurisprudence concerning entering a domicile; if you open the door and 
walk inside that's trespass (you may not have heard my admonition.  I may call, 
if I get no answer I may visit anyway and walk into the place unexpectedly, 
that's trespass I did not have permission but nothing stopped me from walking 
in (its the same type of scenario with the last example).  But if there is a 
locked door and I pick the lock or break down the door, it is a violation of an 
obvious access control.  My 'intent' was to enter no matter what and can likely 
be proven as such.

This is at least the same as a banner for a telnet prompt.  One saying 'Welcome 
Login:' is a tenuous invitation to attempt entry, one saying 'Unauthorized 
access or attempts will be monitored and violators prosecuted Login:' is not.

I hope this clarifies, what I think was the example.


-e



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EC draws line in spam sand
http://www.theregister.co.uk/content/55/35320.html

Worldwide Help Needed to Stop Spam
http://www.pcworld.com/news/article/0,aid,114587,00.asp


Thats more the kind of spirit we need now.


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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Its all over for Challenge Response
References: <2A1D4C86842EE14CA9BC80474919782E0356EF81@mou1wnexm02.vcorp.ad.vrsn.com> <6.0.1.1.0.20040204014836.01c9d280@mail.uniwares.com>
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> If the internet would be operated like telephone networks in general, we'd 
> have a new mail protocol every 2-3 years and it would be completely 
> incompatible to the others and nobody would ask any questions.
> Why is it that software always has to be compatible? Nobody would ever 
> expect hardware (not computers) be compatible to its previous models.

Really?  The POTS phone I used back in 1978 still works just fine.

Seth

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To: Seth Breidbart <sethb@panix.com>, asrg@ietf.org
From: Andreas Saurwein <saurwein@uniwares.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Its all over for Challenge Response
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At 4/2/2004 02:17 Wednesday, you wrote:
> > If the internet would be operated like telephone networks in general, we'd
> > have a new mail protocol every 2-3 years and it would be completely
> > incompatible to the others and nobody would ask any questions.
> > Why is it that software always has to be compatible? Nobody would ever
> > expect hardware (not computers) be compatible to its previous models.
>
>Really?  The POTS phone I used back in 1978 still works just fine.

Well, a POTS phone is not something what I would call a mobile phone, right?
So lets then keep a keen eye on GSM, CDMA, TDMA and what else on 
abbreviations are vogue this year.
Besides, America is definitely not known for advances in telephone 
technology. ;)


Andreas 


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To: "Hallam-Baker, Phillip" <pbaker@verisign.com>
From: Mark Baugher <mbaugher@cisco.com>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] Its all over for Challenge Response
Cc: "'Andreas Saurwein'" <saurwein@uniwares.com>, asrg@ietf.org
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At 07:18 PM 2/3/2004, Hallam-Baker, Phillip wrote:

> > At 2/2/2004 01:59 Monday, Hallam-Baker, Phillip wrote:
> > >I don't want my ISP making arbitrary decisions about what
> > mail I receive,
> > >I want to make those decisions myself, although I will probably use
> > >third party info to do so.
> >
> > Phill, I think that you are making the almost usual mistake
> > here in this
> > group that you assume that everybody on the internet has an
> > idea what they
> > are doing.
>
>Actually this is ny main complaint about the IETF establishment.
>They still think they have a right to control the future of the net
>but they simply don't care about the ordinary user.

I don't think this point is the least bit relevant to this mailing list.

Mark



> > These days are over. Since about 10 years people using the
> > internet have not a single idea about the technical side of it.
> > 99.9% of all mail users would be more than happy when their
> > ISP would do anything to suppress their spam.
>
>All I think is necessary here is for the ISP to
>
>         * Tell the end user what they are doing
>         * Give the user an opportunity to opt out or select different
>settings
>
>I think that it would be OK to require ISPs to get consent from
>the end user.
>
>What I want to avoid here is a situation where a Rupert Murdoch could
>decide to only allow political groups that agree with Fox News to
>send mail to customers.
>
>                 Phill
>
>
>_______________________________________________
>Asrg mailing list
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From: "Chris" <rebel@rebel.com.au>
To: "Andreas Saurwein" <saurwein@uniwares.com>,
        "Seth Breidbart" <sethb@panix.com>, <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] Its all over for Challenge Response
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> At 4/2/2004 02:17 Wednesday, you wrote:
> > > If the internet would be operated like telephone networks in
> general, we'd
> > > have a new mail protocol every 2-3 years and it would be completely
> > > incompatible to the others and nobody would ask any questions.
> > > Why is it that software always has to be compatible? Nobody would ever
> > > expect hardware (not computers) be compatible to its previous models.
> >
> >Really?  The POTS phone I used back in 1978 still works just fine.
>
> Well, a POTS phone is not something what I would call a mobile
> phone, right?
> So lets then keep a keen eye on GSM, CDMA, TDMA and what else on
> abbreviations are vogue this year.
> Besides, America is definitely not known for advances in telephone
> technology. ;)
>
>
>
> Andreas

My Ericson (70's) works just fine, and I am in Aus.

Are you saying we should rework the entire Internet every few years because
someone has come up with a brilliant new idea?

I am afraid all itinerent oops I mean internet users would go and find
something else to do, most can't handle keeping their current software up to
date, hence the huge number of spammed mail coming from less than secure
machines.

although some would like the Internet to go back to pre 1990's. for the rest
of us we'd be out of a job.

Now Replace the Internet and you are talking a different turkey.

But the old one will continue on just like POTS and there is no end in sight
for that. especially after all you mobile users succumb to brain tumours
(from the HF)

Regards
Chris





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From: "Christopher Bird" <seabird@msn.com>
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I am not sure where this belongs in our musings, but I do think that it
is rather important. The most recent Mydoom attacks used, as have many
before, spoofed email addresses. So far so obvious. 

I am working at a large company at the moment, and I noticed that when a
Mydoom variant email came to me at work, it appeared to come from
someone inside the corporation. Not a surprise you say. In fact what had
happened was that it had come through from the outside with a spoofed
address, but that wasn't obvious.
My knee jerk reaction was "duh" all we have to do is a reverse lookup on
the sending IP address, compare with the domain name in the from and the
return fields and truncate if there was no match. Piece of cake.
Well further investigation makes that strategy rather tricky.
Computerworld and The Wall Street Journal both have the ability to email
articles to friends. A handy service indeed. 
The glitch is that when the email arrives in my inbox, the from address
is the address of the person sending it, not the publication itself.
Those guys have spoofed my email address if I am the sender. Clearly the
mail needs to be identified as being sent at my request, but I am
definitely not the sender. They are.
So my scheme to block spoofed mail is torpedoed by the need to receive
these publications. I suspect that since they probably all use one of a
few software packaged products, there are many others who behave this
way

What does this group think should be the correct way for the magazines
to behave? What does the group think is the likelihood that they will
even take any notice?

Regards

Chris



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From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@ox.org>
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Spooked mail addresses 
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"Christopher Bird" <seabird@msn.com> wrote:
> My knee jerk reaction was "duh" all we have to do is a reverse lookup on
> the sending IP address, compare with the domain name in the from and the
> return fields and truncate if there was no match. Piece of cake.

  The SMTP RFC's suggest that's a bad idea.  See the LMAP discussion
document for further comments on this topic.

> The glitch is that when the email arrives in my inbox, the from address
> is the address of the person sending it, not the publication itself.

  Such messages are forged spam.  Nothing else.  Is it really that
difficult for your local browser to copy the web page, and send it?
Or, to send a URL?

  Alan DeKok.

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At 4/2/2004 03:56 Wednesday, Chris wrote:
>Are you saying we should rework the entire Internet every few years because
>someone has come up with a brilliant new idea?

No, I am saying that the very same is happening in other technology areas 
and people live with it.
While here (ASRG, IETF, and some other groups) we have it happening that a 
few people fight over minor technical opinions/likes/dislikes which 
prevents any advance.

>... most can't handle keeping their current software up to
>date, hence the huge number of spammed mail coming from less than secure
>machines.

Thats again more a point of badly designed software than anything else. 
Until there is a quality requirement for software, this wont change.

>Now Replace the Internet and you are talking a different turkey.

Thats whats happening with IPv6 and IPv4 - a different internet. 
Practically all relevant software has to be replaced. Often with quick 
hacks, likely to contain many bugs, just to support IPv6 "somehow". Until 
Joe Average can use IPv6 and IPv4 transparently side-by-side, we have two 
different networks, two sets of software.

But, as already mentioned somewhere else, this does not really belong to 
this group and is only an expression of my personal frustration.

Andreas


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Eric D. Williams wrote:
> I hope this clarifies, what I think was the example.

You missed the point of it by about 500 miles.

Intent? Law? Violation? Did you even read what I said originally?

I wrote;
> It becomes exceptionally difficult when you rely on the law as part
> of the solution to a problem.

> I think our legal system has shown over and over it doesn't matter
> how much you punish or threaten someone, the only way to stop them
> is to put up a better defense against *them*, not their methods. 

I can't think of a reason someone would take something so wildly out 
of context for any reason unless they simply missed the point, so 
there it is.

It doesn't have anything to do with what you think, or what he thinks, 
or what I think. Trying to punish people after they've done something 
wrong is not a solution, it's a fix. We don't need fixes, we need 
solutions.

The answer's out there, trust me.

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Comments: In reply to "Alan DeKok" <aland@ox.org>
        "Re: [Asrg] Spooked mail addresses" (Feb  4,  9:48am)
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On Feb 4,  9:48am, Alan DeKok wrote:
}
} > The glitch is that when the email arrives in my inbox, the from address
} > is the address of the person sending it, not the publication itself.
} 
}   Such messages are forged spam.  Nothing else.  Is it really that
} difficult for your local browser to copy the web page, and send it?
} Or, to send a URL?

This wanders into the area of copyrights and subscription-only web
services.  It may not be possible for the subscriber to create a URL
that will allow a third party to access the subscription service; it
may be against the service's policy to permit articles to be copied
by the browser for redistribution, though that's harder to prevent.

So the publisher is in a predicament:  If it sends the article from
it's own "identity" the recipient may not recognize the source and will
treat it as spam.  If it sends the article from the identity of the
subscriber, the message appears to be forged.  If it uses client-side
browser scripts to cause the local browser to send the article it falls
afoul of various restrictions designed to protect the user from exploits.

Perhaps forging the sender has been the most likely of these to get the
message seen by the recipient, which is theoretically what both the
publication and the forwarding subscriber want?

Of course spam and the techniques used by spammers are the reason that
the technically correct approach (sending as the publisher) fails.

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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Spooked mail addresses
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On Wed, Feb 04, 2004 at 09:48:48AM -0500, Alan DeKok wrote:
>   Such messages are forged spam.  Nothing else.  Is it really that
> difficult for your local browser to copy the web page, and send it?
> Or, to send a URL?

I realise people have wildly differing ideas of what constitutes spam,
but what definition fits an email that you have specifically requested
be sent to someone you know, on your behalf, most likely for
non-commerical reasons?

I don't really see how this is philosophically different from going to a
web-based email account, typing in a friend's email address, and sending
them a message - it's just that in the case of emailing someone an
article, someone else wrote the original content.

Please enlighten us with your reasoning.

+Pete


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From: David Maxwell <david@crlf.net>
To: Peter Sergeant <pete@clueball.com>
Cc: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Spooked mail addresses
Message-ID: <20040204161731.GA13741@mail>
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On Wed, Feb 04, 2004 at 03:52:58PM +0000, Peter Sergeant wrote:
> On Wed, Feb 04, 2004 at 09:48:48AM -0500, Alan DeKok wrote:
> >   Such messages are forged spam.  Nothing else.  Is it really that
> > difficult for your local browser to copy the web page, and send it?
> > Or, to send a URL?
> 
> I realise people have wildly differing ideas of what constitutes spam,
> but what definition fits an email that you have specifically requested
> be sent to someone you know, on your behalf, most likely for
> non-commerical reasons?
> 
> I don't really see how this is philosophically different from going to a
> web-based email account, typing in a friend's email address, and sending
> them a message - it's just that in the case of emailing someone an
> article, someone else wrote the original content.

The difference is that the web-based email is not claiming that the mail
is _from_ an identity/entity which it has no claim to. It says 'From:
abc@hotmail.com'

The site offering 'send a friend this link' allows you to type in any
From address, and forges a message from you.

Since there is no technical way for the recipient to verify that you
authorized that message, there is no technical difference between it,
and simple forged spam.

Either the web site should produce an email that's easy for the end-user
to send, or the source address should belong to the source of the email
- the website.

--
David Maxwell, david@vex.net|david@maxwell.net -->
Net Musing #5: Redundancy in a network doesn't mean two of everything and
half the staff to run it.
					      - Tomas T. Peiser, CET      


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From: Peter Sergeant <pete@clueball.com>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Spooked mail addresses
Message-ID: <20040204162338.GB31706@linuxufo.com>
References: <001701c3eb2a$34950100$3601a8c0@cb> <20040204144848.C199517031@mail.nitros9.org> <20040204155258.GA31706@linuxufo.com> <20040204161731.GA13741@mail>
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You make assumptions that weren't in the original posts.

On Wed, Feb 04, 2004 at 11:17:31AM -0500, David Maxwell wrote:
> The difference is that the web-based email is not claiming that the mail
> is _from_ an identity/entity which it has no claim to. It says 'From:
> abc@hotmail.com'

Assuming that I'm using a web-based email system that ties me
inextricably to their email address. I happen to access my email via a
web-system when travelling, where normally I access it through an MUA on
my machine - in this case, and in the case where I ask a third party to
send an invite or an article in my name, the software sitting on the
web-server is acting as an MUA. I do not see where the distinction
between 'normal' and web-based MUA lies that makes email originating
from one spam, and not the other.

> The site offering 'send a friend this link' allows you to type in any
> >From address, and forges a message from you.

You say 'forges', but isn't this exactly what any MUA does? I can
configure 'mutt' to send email from you - this doesn't mean that
legitimate mail I send from 'mutt' is also by definition spam.

> Since there is no technical way for the recipient to verify that you
> authorized that message, there is no technical difference between it,
> and simple forged spam.

Where does this assumption come from? Many online content providers
these days require you to log in.

> Either the web site should produce an email that's easy for the end-user
> to send, or the source address should belong to the source of the email
> - the website.

I believe this conclusion is based on flawed logic.

+Pete

-- 
No man but a blockhead ever wrote, except for money.
 -- Samuel Johnson

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From: Peter Sergeant <pete@clueball.com>
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Message-ID: <20040204163403.GC31706@linuxufo.com>
References: <001701c3eb2a$34950100$3601a8c0@cb> <20040204144848.C199517031@mail.nitros9.org> <20040204155258.GA31706@linuxufo.com> <20040204161731.GA13741@mail>
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I made a mistake in my last email

On Wed, Feb 04, 2004 at 11:17:31AM -0500, David Maxwell wrote:
> Since there is no technical way for the recipient to verify that you
> authorized that message, there is no technical difference between it,
> and simple forged spam.

and mis-read this comment.

It's true that there's no technical way for the *recipient* to verify
that you authorized a message. However, I'd say your logic doesn't hold
- by the line of reasoning that says any non-source-verifiable email is
technically equivalent to spam, most of the messages on this list are
also technically equivalent to spam. This does not make them spam.

+Pete


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> What does this group think should be the correct way for the magazines
> to behave? What does the group think is the likelihood that they will
> even take any notice?
> 

correct? hmm?

maybe something like:

mailto:?subject=great%20article&body=read%20it%20here







--

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From: David Maxwell <david@crlf.net>
To: Peter Sergeant <pete@clueball.com>
Cc: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Spooked mail addresses
Message-ID: <20040204171330.GD13741@mail>
References: <001701c3eb2a$34950100$3601a8c0@cb> <20040204144848.C199517031@mail.nitros9.org> <20040204155258.GA31706@linuxufo.com> <20040204161731.GA13741@mail> <20040204162338.GB31706@linuxufo.com>
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On Wed, Feb 04, 2004 at 04:23:38PM +0000, Peter Sergeant wrote:
> You make assumptions that weren't in the original posts.

For a reason. See below.

> On Wed, Feb 04, 2004 at 11:17:31AM -0500, David Maxwell wrote:
> > The difference is that the web-based email is not claiming that the mail
> > is _from_ an identity/entity which it has no claim to. It says 'From:
> > abc@hotmail.com'
> 
> Assuming that I'm using a web-based email system that ties me
> inextricably to their email address. I happen to access my email via a
> web-system when travelling, where normally I access it through an MUA on

Likewise, sending email from your domain from anywhere on the net is
indistinguishable from spammer behaviour.

You could rectify this by sending mail which is authenticated in some
way - cryptographically, or delivered by a host in the sending domain,
for example. The latter could be accomplished by tunneling to your home
network, or using an authenticated protocol to relay through your home
MTA.

If you're unwilling to accept that additional complexity, then you would
appear to support the continued use of a network infrastructure which
can never minimize spam. If you can prove that there's an
authentication-less way to allow this sort of roaming, while preventing
spam, I'll be shocked and impressed ;-)

> my machine - in this case, and in the case where I ask a third party to
> send an invite or an article in my name, the software sitting on the
> web-server is acting as an MUA. I do not see where the distinction
> between 'normal' and web-based MUA lies that makes email originating
> from one spam, and not the other.

There isn't, if your MUA does not 'belong' to your domain, in some way.
That is also functionally equivalent to spammer behaviour, and the
reason I chose the hotmail example.

> > The site offering 'send a friend this link' allows you to type in any
> > >From address, and forges a message from you.
> 
> You say 'forges', but isn't this exactly what any MUA does? I can
> configure 'mutt' to send email from you - this doesn't mean that
> legitimate mail I send from 'mutt' is also by definition spam.

It doesn't mean it's spam, but if there's no way to tell it apart from
spam, then it may as well be spam. Any loophole that permits your
message through will eventually be abused by spammers and become
useless, unless there's some form of authentication involved, which the
spammers cannot forge.

> > Since there is no technical way for the recipient to verify that you
> > authorized that message, there is no technical difference between it,
> > and simple forged spam.
> 
> Where does this assumption come from? Many online content providers
> these days require you to log in.

That isn't a respone to my statement. What is the technical method by
which my MTA can tell that mail 'From: Peter Sergeant', originating at
host 'remailer.nytimes.com' is actually from you?

> I made a mistake in my last email
> On Wed, Feb 04, 2004 at 11:17:31AM -0500, David Maxwell wrote:
> > Since there is no technical way for the recipient to verify that you
> > authorized that message, there is no technical difference between it,
> > and simple forged spam.

> and mis-read this comment.

> It's true that there's no technical way for the *recipient* to verify
> that you authorized a message. However, I'd say your logic doesn't hold
> - by the line of reasoning that says any non-source-verifiable email is
> technically equivalent to spam, most of the messages on this list are
> also technically equivalent to spam. This does not make them spam.

It makes them as problematic to the receiver as spam.
                            
-- 
David Maxwell, david@vex.net|david@maxwell.net -->
(About an Amiga rendering landscapes) It's not thinking, it's being artistic!
					      - Jamie Woods


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On Feb 4, 2004, at 12:01 PM, Mark Foster wrote:

> On Wed, Feb 04, 2004 at 04:34:03PM +0000, Peter Sergeant wrote:
>> It's true that there's no technical way for the *recipient* to verify
>> that you authorized a message. However, I'd say your logic doesn't 
>> hold
>
> No, it is not true. Header analysis can reveal whether the relaying 
> hosts
> sequence & pattern in the Received: headers is consistent with previous
> (bonafide) messages received from the sender.

Except for the last hop, this is all trivially forgeable.  SPF works to 
tackle this issue in a pretty sound way.  I'm surprised that it hasn't 
been brought up in this conversation.

George


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Mark Foster wrote:
> 
> 
> No, it is not true. Header analysis can reveal whether the relaying hosts 
> sequence & pattern in the Received: headers is consistent with previous
> (bonafide) messages received from the sender. 
> 
> Most people uses just one (or a few at most) SMTP servers for sending 
> their mail. 
> 

Alas this too is easily forgible. The header can only be trusted to the 
extent you trust the last client SMTP host's IP address.

Harry Tabak


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From: Peter Sergeant <pete@clueball.com>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Spooked mail addresses
Message-ID: <20040204172512.GA2793@linuxufo.com>
References: <001701c3eb2a$34950100$3601a8c0@cb> <20040204144848.C199517031@mail.nitros9.org> <20040204155258.GA31706@linuxufo.com> <20040204161731.GA13741@mail> <20040204162338.GB31706@linuxufo.com> <20040204171330.GD13741@mail>
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X-Habeas-SWE-1: winter into spring
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On Wed, Feb 04, 2004 at 12:13:30PM -0500, David Maxwell wrote:
> > Assuming that I'm using a web-based email system that ties me
> > inextricably to their email address. I happen to access my email via a
> > web-system when travelling, where normally I access it through an MUA on

> Likewise, sending email from your domain from anywhere on the net is
> indistinguishable from spammer behaviour.

Only to a computer. Alan was saying email like that which sparked the
discussion was spam. I am asking what definition he is using to define
that email as spam.

> It doesn't mean it's spam, but if there's no way to tell it apart from
> spam, then it may as well be spam.

That's absurd. Most anti-spam technology uses a whole multitude of
techniques to test for spam. I pity your users if you're marking as spam
all email from domains that do not have SPF or equivalent records. I
can't for a second imagine that they will remain your users for very
much longer.

+Pete

-- 
If you're a horse, and someone gets on you, and falls off, and then
gets right back on you, I think you should buck him off right away.
 -- Jack Handey

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From: Mark Foster <mark@foster.cc>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Spooked mail addresses
Message-ID: <20040204170108.GC78368@riddler.foster.cc>
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On Wed, Feb 04, 2004 at 04:34:03PM +0000, Peter Sergeant wrote:
> It's true that there's no technical way for the *recipient* to verify
> that you authorized a message. However, I'd say your logic doesn't hold

No, it is not true. Header analysis can reveal whether the relaying hosts=
=20
sequence & pattern in the Received: headers is consistent with previous
(bonafide) messages received from the sender.=20

Most people uses just one (or a few at most) SMTP servers for sending=20
their mail.=20

I wonder whether any existing bayesian filters look at this sort of thing.

--=20
Some days it's just not worth chewing through the restraints...
Mark Foster <mark@foster.cc>  http://mark.foster.cc/


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David Maxwell wrote:
> That isn't a respone to my statement. What is the technical method by
> which my MTA can tell that mail 'From: Peter Sergeant', originating at
> host 'remailer.nytimes.com' is actually from you?

IMHO one possible method can be based on the recipient address.


z2

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From: David Maxwell <david@crlf.net>
To: Peter Sergeant <pete@clueball.com>
Cc: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Spooked mail addresses
Message-ID: <20040204190056.GE13741@mail>
References: <001701c3eb2a$34950100$3601a8c0@cb> <20040204144848.C199517031@mail.nitros9.org> <20040204155258.GA31706@linuxufo.com> <20040204161731.GA13741@mail> <20040204162338.GB31706@linuxufo.com> <20040204171330.GD13741@mail> <20040204172512.GA2793@linuxufo.com>
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On Wed, Feb 04, 2004 at 05:25:12PM +0000, Peter Sergeant wrote:
> On Wed, Feb 04, 2004 at 12:13:30PM -0500, David Maxwell wrote:
> > Likewise, sending email from your domain from anywhere on the net is
> > indistinguishable from spammer behaviour.
> 
> Only to a computer. 

Anything other than what a computer can identify is irrelevant to
discussions of spam, unless you have some magical resource of infinite
numbers of monkeys to do your spam sorting for you.

Any solution that can't be performed by a computer, doesn't scale at the
rate that the spammers can scale their transmission (via computer).

> Alan was saying email like that which sparked the
> discussion was spam. I am asking what definition he is using to define
> that email as spam.

His definition is the same as mine "It may as well be spam, because I
can't guarantee that it isn't."

> > It doesn't mean it's spam, but if there's no way to tell it apart from
> > spam, then it may as well be spam.
> 
> That's absurd. Most anti-spam technology uses a whole multitude of
> techniques to test for spam.

Most partially successful technologies, which make probabalistic
guesses.

Note, that you said 'test for spam', rather than 'identify spam', since
there is no perfect 'test' for spam, short of authenticated methods.

> I pity your users if you're marking as spam
> all email from domains that do not have SPF or equivalent records. I
> can't for a second imagine that they will remain your users for very
> much longer.

You seem to be confusing discussions about solutions to spam,
architecturally, with current implementation of anti-spam systems. This
is a research group - I'm not talking about what "I do for my users
today" - I'm talking about "what needs to be solved in the Internet mail
systems".

-- 
David Maxwell, david@vex.net|david@maxwell.net -->
Net Musing #5: Redundancy in a network doesn't mean two of everything and
half the staff to run it.
					      - Tomas T. Peiser, CET      


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Organization: SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc.
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[Subject changed as per posting guidelines, was "[Re: [Asrg] Its all
over for Challenge Response". Mod.]

Hallam-Baker, Phillip wrote:
> 
>>Suppose that is the price we pay with education - we expect 
>>others to have 
>>the same level of knowledge and that they understand us and 
>>our reasoning.
> 
> No, the users know far more about the Internet. They use it
> more aggressively than the establishment for a start.
> 

Comments on why people want or do not want to do certain things will not
help, and can be expressed elsewhere.

However, many of you are correct in stating that the needs of Internet
users is what determines change. The question is who are the users? Is
it the ISPs, or perhaps the backbone operators? Or is it the end-users?

Why should we care about the end users and ISPs, if they do not care 
about the rest of the Internet?  A lot of spam is being sent by
hijacked machines. MyDoom spread like wildfire around the Internet, not
because of some security hole in MS Windows, but because ignorant users
clicked on the attachements. ISPs refuse to cooperate on abuse reporting 
and other anti-spam measures. Governments refuse to allocate money to 
law enforcement to go after spammers using existing laws. Countries do 
not want to help by tracking down spammers and those who help them.

The answer is because we must - if we are going to recommend and 
implement changes for the entire Internet, we have an inherent 
responsibility to answer to the user base of the Internet.

However, you must determine who you care about. Any change will be 
painful, especially here. Anything that is proposed,or implemended will 
affect some proportion of users somewhere. Do we care about the majority 
of the users who will gain benefit, or the minority who will lose out? 
When does the minority become strong enough so we care about them? Do we 
care about ISPs, more than end users? Or perhaps about end users rather 
than ISPs? Do we care about software companies and large corporations 
more, or perhaps about governments? Do we want to help political 
dissidents while that will also help terrorists?

All of these have no easy answers. The major problem with all of these 
debates is that every person participating in it has a different answer 
to the questions above. There is also an inherent presence of certain 
preconceived notions such as "Company XXXX or organization YYYY is evil".

My question to all of you is: how can we get something useful going out 
of all of these, instead of engaging in debates? Is there anything 
useful that we can do as a group to solve the problem?

Yakov

-------
Yakov Shafranovich / asrg <at> shaftek.org
SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc. / research <at> solidmatrix.com
"Some lies are easier to believe than the truth" (Dune)
-------


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> However, many of you are correct in stating that the needs of Internet
> users is what determines change. The question is who are the users? Is
> it the ISPs, or perhaps the backbone operators? Or is it the 
> end-users?

The end users are the ones I care about.

I have not heard the ISPs asking for a solution to their problems, they
have been asking for a solution to their end-user's problems.

> Why should we care about the end users and ISPs, if they do not care 
> about the rest of the Internet?  A lot of spam is being sent by
> hijacked machines. MyDoom spread like wildfire around the Internet, not
> because of some security hole in MS Windows, but because ignorant users
> clicked on the attachements. 

The customer is always right, even when they are wrong.

I have an inbox full of MyDoom spam sent by McAfee, Symantec and the rest.
All taking the opportunity to advertise their product just because my
email address has been impersonated by MyDoom.

The MyDoom virus itself had no effect on me, it was all trapped in my
virus filters. I am getting 100 spams from filter companies each day.

Before we try educating the consumer, lets try to educate the virus
companies.

> ISPs refuse to cooperate on abuse reporting 
> and other anti-spam measures. 

You might have more sympathy there if the 'leaders' of this group was 
not responsible for keeping me out of those discussions.


> However, you must determine who you care about. Any change will be 
> painful, especially here. Anything that is proposed,or 
> implemended will 
> affect some proportion of users somewhere. Do we care about 
> the majority 
> of the users who will gain benefit, or the minority who will 
> lose out? 

That depends who the minority is. When the minority is a small
user base of geeks who want to use some arcane loophole in 
legacy specs I don't much care. If it is a group like visually
impared folk who have a real issue that won't go away that is
a different matter.

If there is a major deployment constraint that is a show stopper
for a party that supports a large part of the industry that is
something we should listen to.

If the problem is some hobyist's code writen ten years ago and
has not been maintained since then that can go.

> There is also an inherent presence of certain 
> preconceived notions such as "Company XXXX or organization 
> YYYY is evil".

You don't say?

> My question to all of you is: how can we get something useful 
> going out 
> of all of these, instead of engaging in debates? Is there anything 
> useful that we can do as a group to solve the problem?

We could start by taking a serious look at SPF and write down a list of 
what we think is right and what we think is wrong with it.


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>> The glitch is that when the email arrives in my inbox, the from address
>> is the address of the person sending it, not the publication itself.
>
>  Such messages are forged spam.

False.  There's no forgery if my email address is used at my request.
Nor is it spam if I send a single message to my brother.

However, the "Sender: " header is appropriate in that situation.

>  Is it really that difficult for your local browser to copy the web
> page, and send it?

Difficult?  No.  Copyright violation?  Yes.

> Or, to send a URL?

Which won't work for someone else who doesn't have an account there.

Seth

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From: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>
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Andreas Saurwein wrote:

> EC draws line in spam sand
> http://www.theregister.co.uk/content/55/35320.html
> 
> Worldwide Help Needed to Stop Spam
> http://www.pcworld.com/news/article/0,aid,114587,00.asp
> 
> 
> Thats more the kind of spirit we need now.
> 

What always amazes me is how much the politicians are willing to talk 
about the problem, but not too many are willing to give cold hard cash 
to law enforcement agencies. The FTC in the US estimates that over 70% 
of spam is fraudulent and can be enforced under existing laws. Yes, 
Congress has not given extra money to do so.

Yakov
-------
Yakov Shafranovich / asrg <at> shaftek.org
SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc. / research <at> solidmatrix.com
"Power tends to corrupt, and absolute power corrupts absolutely" (Lord 
Acton)
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Hallam-Baker, Phillip wrote:
  >>However, you must determine who you care about. Any change will be
>>painful, especially here. Anything that is proposed,or 
>>implemended will 
>>affect some proportion of users somewhere. Do we care about 
>>the majority 
>>of the users who will gain benefit, or the minority who will 
>>lose out? 
> 
> That depends who the minority is. When the minority is a small
> user base of geeks who want to use some arcane loophole in 
> legacy specs I don't much care. If it is a group like visually
> impared folk who have a real issue that won't go away that is
> a different matter.
> 

Various "Turing test" schemes are in use today for signups, C/R, and 
WHOIS lookups. The W3C draft pointed out some of the problems inherent 
with these schemes for disabled users. Has there been a response from 
the industry? Does anyone really care unless the end-user constituency 
is large enough to make a commercial or public difference?

> If there is a major deployment constraint that is a show stopper
> for a party that supports a large part of the industry that is
> something we should listen to.
> 

Well what's defined as "party" and the "industry"?

So far some of the problem raised with LMAP proposals like greeting 
cards, forwarding, etc. affect a significant number of companies out 
there. We need clear solutions and guidelines on how such companies can 
adjust. We also need to think about all of the non-commercial users as well.

Yakov
-------
Yakov Shafranovich / asrg <at> shaftek.org
SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc. / research <at> solidmatrix.com
"All that is gold does not glitter" (LOTR)
-------


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Yakov Shafranovich wrote:

<snip>
> 
> What always amazes me is how much the politicians are willing to talk 
> about the problem, but not too many are willing to give cold hard cash 
> to law enforcement agencies. The FTC in the US estimates that over 70% 
> of spam is fraudulent and can be enforced under existing laws. Yes, 
> Congress has not given extra money to do so.
> 

Unfortunately, as has been frequently discussed, evil spammers seem to 
dominate bulk commercial email.  They hide behind zombie proxies and use 
underground networks to spew their garbage. Therefore zombies are a 
mechanism that needs to be curtail first and this is an enforcement 
issue, not a government policy issye. The need is for someone (who?) to 
track zombies and then get ISP's to block. This is a difficult chore.

My own personal experiences and data collected at my SMTP server, 
confirm the severity of the zombie issue. While, I recognize my 
experiences are not necessarily universal, more general data is hard to 
find. This is what I've found at my site.

1. Installing a homebrewed simple greylist filter dropped my spam rate 
from about 65/day to 7-8/day and gave me the ability to gather some 
stats.  I'll accept mail from anyone who will retry with the same IP 
address after two minutes of rejection.

2. In the last fourteen days I was visited by 4312 grey listed hosts. 
3864 made just one attempt at delivery and when rejected, they never 
came back (using that IP address). Apparently, retries where attempted, 
but new IP addresses were used. The 3864 unique attempts came in 818 
batches (tries in less than one minute) with an average of 4.7 attempts 
per each batch.

3. The cost, to spammers, of a failed delivery must be cheaper than the 
cost of pruning a mailing list. The stats remained relatively stable 
even after 40 days of graylisting.

Harry Tabak
Quad Telecom, Inc.




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Subject: RE: [Asrg] Its all over for Challenge Response
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From: "Bob Atkinson" <bobatk@exchange.microsoft.com>
To: "Seth Breidbart" <sethb@panix.com>, <asrg@ietf.org>
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> From: asrg-admin@ietf.org [mailto:asrg-admin@ietf.org] On Behalf Of
Seth
> Breidbart


> "Hallam-Baker, Phillip" <pbaker@verisign.com> wrote:
>=20
> > All I think is necessary here is for the ISP to
> >
> >	* Tell the end user what they are doing
> >	* Give the user an opportunity to opt out or select different
> > settings
>=20
> That can always be done by selecting a different ISP.  Therefore, any
> problem is self-limiting.

This is to me a short sighted perspective. Not only are there
significant logistical costs to switching ISPs (economists would say
there is significant friction in the transaction) in many many areas it
is the case that just one ISP has a monopoly, and there simply isn't
another choice. Indeed, that is the situation for me personally: I'm
stuck with my cable provider, whether I like them or not, and that's
unlikely to change for decades (my property boundary is a telco central
office boundary, so DSL will never come).

ISPs have considerable power over users. If we're going to intrinsically
give them more power, we ought to have a *very* good reason for it, some
important benefit that cannot reasonably obtained by some other means,
or we best not do it at all.

	Bob

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From: Brett Watson <famous-asrg@nutters.org>
Organization: PhD Student, Macquarie University
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 1a. Inventory of Problems - Spoofed mail addresses
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(Subject changed in an attempt to conform to posting guidelines. I think the 
subject under discussion -- mail sent from A to B at the request of third 
party C -- falls under section 1a.)

Alan DeKok wrote:
>  Is it really that difficult for your local browser to copy the web
> page, and send it?

Seth Breidbart responded:
> Difficult?  No.  Copyright violation?  Yes.

To which I say:
How much sympathy are we due to offer in cases where the obstacle is 
self-imposed? Arbitrary publication X probably offers a "mail this item to a 
friend" service in preference to simply authorising you to do the same on the 
basis that the former alternative gives them greater data about who is 
getting their articles. Theoretically, it reveals to publication X the email 
addresses of two readers: a sender, and a person that the sender thinks is an 
interested party. Assuming that the sender isn't abusing the facility, that 
is.

The major problem with this kind of third party mail request is that it does 
not fit with any viable proposed method of sender authorisation. The only 
viable practice that I can envisage involves the publication using its own 
address as the envelope-sender address, and the "Sender:" address in the 
message. The "From:" address in the message can be set to the address used by 
the person requesting the mailing. If the transmission is blocked due to 
policy constraints at the recipient's end, then that's just tough luck. If 
failure to verify the veracity of data entered in such a web-form results in 
widespread abuse and consequent blacklisting of the publication's mail 
servers, then that's par for the course.

I guess I'm proposing a BCP, really. It goes like this:

Scenario: party A sends mail to party B at the request of party C. Example: 
Chris wants publisher Aardvarks.example.com to mail an article to Bob. The 
subsequent mail transaction has Aardvarks.example.com as the SMTP-sender, and 
Bob's mail server as the SMTP-receiver. "MAIL From:" is given as a 
bounce-handling address at Aardvarks.example.com (possibly utilising VERP), 
which allows an LMAP-like system to bless the use of the given address. This 
would not be possible if Chris' address were used at this point. "RCPT To:" 
is given as Bob's address. In the message itself, "Sender:" is an appropriate 
Aardvarks.example.com address, "From:" is Chris' address, and "To:" is Bob's 
address. If the message is refused for any reason, the bounce-handler at 
Aardvarks.example.com is in a position to notify Chris of this failure via 
email.

It is the responsibility of Aardvarks.example.com to make sure that all 
potential abuse vectors in this system are minimised, since it bears the risk 
of blacklisting if third parties attempt to use it as a weapon of abuse. I 
won't engage in a comprehensive review of potential abuse vectors here. I do 
note that the use of Aardvarks.example.com as a "MAIL From:" address closes 
one potential abuse path, since there is no possibility that a bounce will be 
directed at an innocent third party. Contrast this with the case where "MAIL 
From:" is the address provided in the web-form.

Regards,
TFBW


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From: "Eric D. Williams" <eric@infobro.com>
To: "asrg@ietf.org" <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] Its all over for Challenge Response
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Actually I was not commenting on your original thread of discussion I was 
commenting on your analysis of the 'locks' example.  IMHO that analysis, 
specifically, was erroneous.  I do recognize the motivation and accuracy of 
your original statement.  I think this is merely an issue my commentary being 
out-of-band to that original thread.  Sorry.

-e

On Wednesday, February 04, 2004 10:02 AM, Paul Tenny 
[SMTP:pwtenny@earthlink.net] wrote:
> Eric D. Williams wrote:
> > I hope this clarifies, what I think was the example.
>
> You missed the point of it by about 500 miles.
>
> Intent? Law? Violation? Did you even read what I said originally?
>
> I wrote;
> > It becomes exceptionally difficult when you rely on the law as part
> > of the solution to a problem.
>
> > I think our legal system has shown over and over it doesn't matter
> > how much you punish or threaten someone, the only way to stop them
> > is to put up a better defense against *them*, not their methods.
>
> I can't think of a reason someone would take something so wildly out
> of context for any reason unless they simply missed the point, so
> there it is.
>
> It doesn't have anything to do with what you think, or what he thinks,
> or what I think. Trying to punish people after they've done something
> wrong is not a solution, it's a fix. We don't need fixes, we need
> solutions.
>
> The answer's out there, trust me.
>
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg

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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Its all over for Challenge Response
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"Bob Atkinson" <bobatk@Exchange.Microsoft.com> wrote:
>> From: asrg-admin@ietf.org [mailto:asrg-admin@ietf.org] On Behalf Of
> Seth
>> Breidbart

>> That can always be done by selecting a different ISP.  Therefore, any
>> problem is self-limiting.
>
> This is to me a short sighted perspective. Not only are there
> significant logistical costs to switching ISPs (economists would say
> there is significant friction in the transaction) in many many areas it
> is the case that just one ISP has a monopoly, and there simply isn't
> another choice.

If you have Internet access, there's another choice.  I've been using
Panix since 1993 or so, but I haven't been dialing directly into it
for most of that time.  I get raw IP service locally (that has to be
local, and may have limited options); email and netnews come from
where _I_ want.

> Indeed, that is the situation for me personally: I'm stuck with my
> cable provider, whether I like them or not, and that's unlikely to
> change for decades (my property boundary is a telco central office
> boundary, so DSL will never come).

How do they prevent you from having an email account elsewhere?

Seth

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> From: asrg-admin@ietf.org On Behalf Of Seth Breidbart

> > This is to me a short sighted perspective. Not only are there
> > significant logistical costs to switching ISPs (economists would say
> > there is significant friction in the transaction) in many many areas
it
> > is the case that just one ISP has a monopoly, and there simply isn't
> > another choice.
>=20
> If you have Internet access, there's another choice.  I've been using
> Panix since 1993 or so, but I haven't been dialing directly into it
> for most of that time.  I get raw IP service locally (that has to be
> local, and may have limited options); email and netnews come from
> where _I_ want.

Asking me to choose between a 24.4 kbps dialup (my phone lines are poor
quality) and a 750 Mbps broadband is only offering a false choice. My
ISP owns me, body and soul. And I'm by no means alone in that situation;
there are millions of others.

> > Indeed, that is the situation for me personally: I'm stuck with my
> > cable provider, whether I like them or not, and that's unlikely to
> > change for decades (my property boundary is a telco central office
> > boundary, so DSL will never come).
>=20
> How do they prevent you from having an email account elsewhere?

They prevent it because they own the filtering behavior on outbound
email (port 25 or whatever). They can and do deny or allow me to engage
with other mail addresses entirely at their whim. Concretely, I've been
cut off entirely twice in the last two-ish years.

	Bob

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Brett Watson wrote:
> Scenario: party A sends mail to party B at the request of party C. Example: 
> Chris wants publisher Aardvarks.example.com to mail an article to Bob. The 
> subsequent mail transaction has Aardvarks.example.com as the SMTP-sender, and 
> Bob's mail server as the SMTP-receiver. "MAIL From:" is given as a 
> bounce-handling address at Aardvarks.example.com (possibly utilising VERP), 
> which allows an LMAP-like system to bless the use of the given address. This 
> would not be possible if Chris' address were used at this point. "RCPT To:" 
> is given as Bob's address. In the message itself, "Sender:" is an appropriate 
> Aardvarks.example.com address, "From:" is Chris' address, and "To:" is Bob's 
> address. If the message is refused for any reason, the bounce-handler at 
> Aardvarks.example.com is in a position to notify Chris of this failure via 
> email.

IMHO there are no 100% solution to this situation. (Other than the 
copy-paste "solution".)

If Aardvarks.example.com will be the MAIL FROM than MTA doing white-list 
filtering at the SMTP level will refuse this email even the white-list 
contains the email address of Bob.

If Bob's address will be the MAIL FROM than MTA with transport path 
enforcing filter will refuse the email.

If both Aardvarks.example.com and Bob are in the MAIL FROM: (source 
route notation) then non RFC compliant MTAs will refuse or mishandle the 
email.



z2


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On Feb 5, 2004, at 2:56 PM, Za'mbori, Zolta'n wrote:

> Brett Watson wrote:
>> Scenario: party A sends mail to party B at the request of party C. 
>> Example: Chris wants publisher Aardvarks.example.com to mail an 
>> article to Bob. The subsequent mail transaction has 
>> Aardvarks.example.com as the SMTP-sender, and Bob's mail server as 
>> the SMTP-receiver. "MAIL From:" is given as a bounce-handling address 
>> at Aardvarks.example.com (possibly utilising VERP), which allows an 
>> LMAP-like system to bless the use of the given address. This would 
>> not be possible if Chris' address were used at this point. "RCPT To:" 
>> is given as Bob's address. In the message itself, "Sender:" is an 
>> appropriate Aardvarks.example.com address, "From:" is Chris' address, 
>> and "To:" is Bob's address. If the message is refused for any reason, 
>> the bounce-handler at Aardvarks.example.com is in a position to 
>> notify Chris of this failure via email.
>
> IMHO there are no 100% solution to this situation. (Other than the 
> copy-paste "solution".)
>
> If Aardvarks.example.com will be the MAIL FROM than MTA doing 
> white-list filtering at the SMTP level will refuse this email even the 
> white-list contains the email address of Bob.

Whitelisting based on the MAIL FROM: is faulty at best - the 
forgability of that information is why this discussion is occuring at 
all.  In this situation, Aardvarks has no business or compelling 
interesting in putting Bob's address in the MAIL FROM:.  Bob is not the 
agent sending the mail, Aardvarks is.  Compelling reasons for Aardvarks 
to use their own address as the MAIL FROM: include:

a) they actually sent it
b) if Bill lied (intentionally or otherwise) about being Bob, now 
Aardvarks will be the one contacted, and they can correct their 
behavior.
c) Aardvarks stays in the loop of how their resources are being used.


// George Schlossnagle
// Postal Engine -- http://www.postalengine.com/
// Ecelerity: fastest MTA on earth


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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Its all over for Challenge Response
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Hallam-Baker, Phillip wrote:
> I think that it would be OK to require ISPs to get consent from 
> the end user.

The end-user consents by not moving to another ISP.

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From: Brett Watson <famous-asrg@nutters.org>
Organization: PhD Student, Macquarie University
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 1a. Inventory of Problems - Spoofed mail addresses
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Za'mbori, Zolta'n wrote:
> If Aardvarks.example.com will be the MAIL FROM than MTA doing white-list
> filtering at the SMTP level will refuse this email even the white-list
> contains the email address of Bob.

So our scenario goes like this: Chris wants publisher Aardvarks to send an 
article to Bob. Chris is in Bob's whitelist, but Aarvarks is not. Should the 
message from Aardvarks be delivered to Bob on the basis that it was requested 
by Chris, although not sent *by* him as such? In other words, should the 
whitelisting be transferrable? If Bob has authorised Chris to send mail to 
him, can Chris then share that authorisation with Aardvarks? If so, is the 
authorisation a one-off thing, or a permanent thing? And can Aardvarks then 
share the authority with its "business partners"?

You can probably see where this is going. It's the situation that we have now 
with email addresses. I can create a single-use email address (like the one 
I've used for subscription to this list), but I can't control its 
dissemination and subsequent use. The best I can do is retire an address when 
it becomes abused beyond its worth. If I had a strong LMAP-like means of 
verifying sender addresses, then I could restrict incoming addresses to use 
by particular senders, but the senders could not easily share their authority 
to send. Anything more subtle than those two policies will be difficult to 
implement. Not impossible, but certainly complex.

So let us assume that Chris is NOT authorised to share his mail-sending 
authority with third parties. Acting on Chris' request, Aardvarks.example.com 
finds itself unable to send mail to Bob, because Bob's mail policies reject 
mail from unknown parties. What can Aardvarks do about this? One possibility 
is to mail the article to Chris instead, saying, "we were unable to deliver 
this article to Bob as you requested. Please forward it to him with our 
compliments, and suggest that he add Aardvarks to his mail white-list if he 
wishes to receive forwarded articles from us more conveniently in future."

If Chris is unable to forward the article to Bob himself, then he never had 
the authority to request the mailing in the first place.

Regards,
TFBW


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From: "Hallam-Baker, Phillip" <pbaker@verisign.com>
To: "'Roger B.A. Klorese'" <rogerk@queernet.org>,
        "Hallam-Baker, Phillip"
	 <pbaker@verisign.com>
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Subject: RE: [Asrg] Its all over for Challenge Response
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> Hallam-Baker, Phillip wrote:
> > I think that it would be OK to require ISPs to get consent from 
> > the end user.
> 
> The end-user consents by not moving to another ISP.

That is where your core political beliefs clearly differ from mine.

I believe in personal freedom, there is no choice of cable company
in my town, they are the only provider of high speed Internet. I
believe they should be a common carrier by virtue of their monopoly
status.

Every individual should have the right to become a full citizen
of the net. That means owning and controlling their own Internet
identity - they should each have their own domain name.


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To: "Hallam-Baker, Phillip" <pbaker@verisign.com>
Cc: "'Andreas Saurwein'" <saurwein@uniwares.com>, asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Its all over for Challenge Response
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Hallam-Baker, Phillip wrote:
> Every individual should have the right to become a full citizen
> of the net. That means owning and controlling their own Internet
> identity - they should each have their own domain name.

Whatever the cost to the provider?  They should invest in 1000x the 
bandwidth they need in order to deliver spam and viruses to your desktop 
  and let you make your own decisions?

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From: "Chris" <rebel@rebel.com.au>
To: "Brett Watson" <famous-asrg@nutters.org>, <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] 1a. Inventory of Problems - Spoofed mail addresses
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Just a note on third party sending

from what I read some people seem to think its an aberration and not the
norm

It is quite the norm for some large websites

eg: Ebay

ebay cust 1 sends email to ebay cust 2 requesting details of auction item

for privacy reasons they don't simply give out email addresses
So ebay posts the mail using the from address as ebay cust 1

therefore ebay cust 2 can reply to ebay cust 1 directly

this is in effect a spoofed return address

Many "contact" based websites use this method

Nothing these websites do is wrong, they just take advantage of the way the
system was designed

Solutions?

There really isn't one except to insist that ebay et al routes all messages
AND replies through its server(s)
I am sure this is not something they would want to do

You *could* use the "From" field for ebay and the "ReplyTo" field for cust 1
but that would break many clients because as far as I am aware many ignore
this field and use the "From" field as the reply address

Hence they would reply to the wrong address eg ebay's sending address which
probably simply bounces mail


Regards
Chris


> -----Original Message-----
> From: asrg-admin@ietf.org [mailto:asrg-admin@ietf.org]On Behalf Of Brett
> Watson
> Sent: Thursday, February 05, 2004 1:24 PM
> To: asrg@ietf.org
> Subject: Re: [Asrg] 1a. Inventory of Problems - Spoofed mail addresses
>
>
> (Subject changed in an attempt to conform to posting guidelines.
> I think the
> subject under discussion -- mail sent from A to B at the request of third
> party C -- falls under section 1a.)
>
> Alan DeKok wrote:
> >  Is it really that difficult for your local browser to copy the web
> > page, and send it?
>
> Seth Breidbart responded:
> > Difficult?  No.  Copyright violation?  Yes.
>
> To which I say:
> How much sympathy are we due to offer in cases where the obstacle is
> self-imposed? Arbitrary publication X probably offers a "mail
> this item to a
> friend" service in preference to simply authorising you to do the
> same on the
> basis that the former alternative gives them greater data about who is
> getting their articles. Theoretically, it reveals to publication
> X the email
> addresses of two readers: a sender, and a person that the sender
> thinks is an
> interested party. Assuming that the sender isn't abusing the
> facility, that
> is.
>
> The major problem with this kind of third party mail request is
> that it does
> not fit with any viable proposed method of sender authorisation. The only
> viable practice that I can envisage involves the publication
> using its own
> address as the envelope-sender address, and the "Sender:" address in the
> message. The "From:" address in the message can be set to the
> address used by
> the person requesting the mailing. If the transmission is blocked due to
> policy constraints at the recipient's end, then that's just tough
> luck. If
> failure to verify the veracity of data entered in such a web-form
> results in
> widespread abuse and consequent blacklisting of the publication's mail
> servers, then that's par for the course.
>
> I guess I'm proposing a BCP, really. It goes like this:
>
> Scenario: party A sends mail to party B at the request of party
> C. Example:
> Chris wants publisher Aardvarks.example.com to mail an article to
> Bob. The
> subsequent mail transaction has Aardvarks.example.com as the
> SMTP-sender, and
> Bob's mail server as the SMTP-receiver. "MAIL From:" is given as a
> bounce-handling address at Aardvarks.example.com (possibly
> utilising VERP),
> which allows an LMAP-like system to bless the use of the given
> address. This
> would not be possible if Chris' address were used at this point.
> "RCPT To:"
> is given as Bob's address. In the message itself, "Sender:" is an
> appropriate
> Aardvarks.example.com address, "From:" is Chris' address, and
> "To:" is Bob's
> address. If the message is refused for any reason, the bounce-handler at
> Aardvarks.example.com is in a position to notify Chris of this
> failure via
> email.
>
> It is the responsibility of Aardvarks.example.com to make sure that all
> potential abuse vectors in this system are minimised, since it
> bears the risk
> of blacklisting if third parties attempt to use it as a weapon of
> abuse. I
> won't engage in a comprehensive review of potential abuse vectors
> here. I do
> note that the use of Aardvarks.example.com as a "MAIL From:"
> address closes
> one potential abuse path, since there is no possibility that a
> bounce will be
> directed at an innocent third party. Contrast this with the case
> where "MAIL
> From:" is the address provided in the web-form.
>
> Regards,
> TFBW
>
>
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg


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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Its all over for Challenge Response
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"Hallam-Baker, Phillip" <pbaker@verisign.com> wrote:
>> Hallam-Baker, Phillip wrote:
>> > I think that it would be OK to require ISPs to get consent from 
>> > the end user.
>> 
>> The end-user consents by not moving to another ISP.
>
> That is where your core political beliefs clearly differ from mine.
>
> I believe in personal freedom,

So do I.

> there is no choice of cable company in my town, they are the only
> provider of high speed Internet. I believe they should be a common
> carrier by virtue of their monopoly status.

In that case they should be allowed to provide _only_ IP-level
connectivity, because that's all they have a monopoly on.  You could
then get your email from any email provider you wanted; that's clearly
not a monopoly.

> Every individual should have the right to become a full citizen
> of the net. That means owning and controlling their own Internet
> identity - they should each have their own domain name.

If you don't want to spend the $10 you can get a free third-level
domain.  So what's the problem?

Seth

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"Roger B.A. Klorese" <rogerk@queernet.org> wrote:
> Hallam-Baker, Phillip wrote:
>> Every individual should have the right to become a full citizen
>> of the net. That means owning and controlling their own Internet
>> identity - they should each have their own domain name.
>
> Whatever the cost to the provider?  They should invest in 1000x the 
> bandwidth they need in order to deliver spam and viruses to your desktop 
>  and let you make your own decisions?

Sure; of course, you pay your provider for bandwidth, so they're
investing only in what they're reselling.  That seems reasonable to
me.

Of course, if you don't want to pay $500/month for all the bandwidth
taken by email worms attacking your system, you can get a $10 (or
free) email account elsewhere and let the garbage be filtered out
there.

Seth

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> You *could* use the "From" field for ebay and the "ReplyTo" field
> for cust 1 but that would break many clients because as far as I am
> aware many ignore this field and use the "From" field as the reply
> address

Then the client is already broken.  That's its users' problem.

Seth

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>> If you have Internet access, there's another choice.  I've been using
>> Panix since 1993 or so, but I haven't been dialing directly into it
>> for most of that time.  I get raw IP service locally (that has to be
>> local, and may have limited options); email and netnews come from
>> where _I_ want.
>
> Asking me to choose between a 24.4 kbps dialup (my phone lines are poor
> quality) and a 750 Mbps broadband is only offering a false choice. My
> ISP owns me, body and soul. And I'm by no means alone in that situation;
> there are millions of others.

So get your IP connection via broadband and your email elsewhere.

>> How do they prevent you from having an email account elsewhere?
>
> They prevent it because they own the filtering behavior on outbound
> email (port 25 or whatever).

So find someone who'll forward your email from another port
(e.g. using the Submit protocol), or get an account you can ssh to, or
find some other solution.  There are plenty of them.  (You can even
arrange to ssh to Port 80, and I doubt they'll ever block _that_ port
outgoing.)

Seth

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From: Brett Watson <famous-asrg@nutters.org>
Organization: PhD Student, Macquarie University
To: <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 1a. Inventory of Problems - Spoofed mail addresses
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On Fri, 6 Feb 2004 15:25, Chris wrote:
> for privacy reasons they don't simply give out email addresses
> So ebay posts the mail using the from address as ebay cust 1
>
> therefore ebay cust 2 can reply to ebay cust 1 directly
>
> this is in effect a spoofed return address

At the risk of being patronising, I need to point out that this is *not* what 
we would call "spoofing". Here are the ABCs of email addressing.

There are two areas where email addresses are used: the "envelope", and the 
"message headers". The "envelope" is that part which is negotiated in SMTP 
using the "MAIL From:" and "RCPT To:" commands. The "message headers" are 
that part of the message (transmitted in the DATA phase of SMTP) which 
specify the message metadata, including certain address specifications, like 
"From:", "To:", "Cc:", "Sender:", "Return-Path:", and various others. The 
"message headers" are what the mail user gets to see, since the envelope data 
is not transmitted in POP or IMAP.

"Spoofed mail addresses" refer specifically to the "MAIL From:" part of the 
envelope. This is what LMAP-like proposals endeavour to validate. The "MAIL 
From:" address is the one that a bounce should be directed to in the case of 
a delivery failure part way through the relaying process. All the addresses 
in the "message header" can also be fabricated at whim by the sender (and are 
usually false in the case of spam or viruses). I don't know of any proposals 
to validate these header fields.

Please note that there does not need to be *any* relationship between the 
envelope addresses and the "From:", "To:", and "Cc:" headers -- not even when 
standards are followed to the letter. In the case of the eBay example, eBay 
is quite at liberty (protocol-wise) to send mail in which the "From:" header 
is an eBay customer's address, while the "MAIL From:" envelope address is an 
eBay address.

Regards,
TFBW


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In-Reply-To: <401E5A6B.1060304@solidmatrix.com>
To: "Yakov Shafranovich"  <research@solidmatrix.com>
From: "Jon Kyme" <jrk@merseymail.com>
Cc: "ASRG" <asrg@ietf.org>
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Subject: [Asrg] Re: 2. C/R - Exploits
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> > 
> > The point was about paying for puzzle solving with porn views.
> > I'm still unaware of the existence of an exploit or a good discussion
> of
> > the economics.
> > 
> > I'm not saying it's impossible, just currently in the realm of theory.
> > 
> 
> The original news article is here, you can probably contact the 
> journalist and ask:
> 
> http://www.post-gazette.com/pg/03278/228349.stm
> 

I've had helpful responses now from both Byron Spice (the author of the
article) and Luis von Ahn at CMU, and I'm happy to be able to introduce
some facts into the argument.

Luis was able to tell me this:
"The first mention that such an attack was possible comes from myself.
I thought of it at around early 2001 and told a few people about it. Some
time in 2002 I heard that one porn company was doing it for some time
against the Yahoo! CAPTCHA but that they had stopped. Ever since, all I
have heard is rumors that this happens, but I have not been able to see it
in real life."

Machine attacks are documented, for instance,
Greg Mori of UC Berkeley Computer Vision Group has some pages outlining a
method used to break Gimpy, the CAPTCHA used at Yahoo!
http://www.cs.berkeley.edu/~mori/gimpy/gimpy.html

There's a news article here:
http://www.siam.org/siamnews/11-02/gimpy.htm

I think the bottom line is that "easy" CAPTCHAs are likely to be vulnerable
to machine-based attacks. It's clearly possible that "hard" puzzles may be
susceptible to what Luis has called "Stealing Cycles from Humans" (or in
the case of the pay-with-porn approach, "buying cycles"), however, the
economics of this kind of attack have not been fully explored. We don't
have any firm evidence for an actual exploit "in the wild".

This is an issue for C/R schemes which assume that success solving an easy
puzzle assures us that there is a human "on the end". Getting a solution
for a hard puzzle might make us feel fairly secure, but the fact remains
that this input to our system is from an untrusted source, and can't be
relied on to establish trust beyond a certain level of confidence.


Regards,
Jon Kyme














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Brett Watson wrote:
> Acting on Chris' request, Aardvarks.example.com 
> finds itself unable to send mail to Bob, because Bob's mail policies reject 
> mail from unknown parties.

Bob email domain can publish the policy. If the domain express that "we 
are using transport enforcing filters based on the MAIL FROM" than 
Aardvark will put itself into the MAIL FROM as sender otherwise it put 
Bob into the MAIL FROM as return path.

Additionaly Aardvark SMTP client can start with Bob address in the MAIL 
FROM and if there is a 5xx rejection it can start a new mail with itself 
int the MAIL FROM.


z2

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Here's how the pay2send.com Advenge SMTP daemon deals with Brett
Watson's scenario:

Chris knows at least one of Bob's "magic phrases" which he
used to get on Bob's whitelist in the first place.

The Aardvark article sending service allows Chris to write
an introduction to the article (all article sending services
I have used have this facility) and Chris includes the
magic phrase ("transferrable mnemonic capability key" for the security
theorists) in the introduction.

Bob receives the article and the introduction in one e-mail, which
passes the filter since the introduction includes the magic phrase.

Bob also receives a "magic phrase match report" including non-mnemonic
one-time-use capability keys for

	* adding whatever the return address on aardvark press forwarded 
articles is to his whitelist

	* adding the aardvark outgoing SMTP host to his whitelist

	* invalidating the magic key used (in case Chris is out
	   of control).

Unless Bob uses one of the whitelist extension buttons, he will not
receive further mail from Aardvark even if they send him some. (unless
it quotes Chris's introduction again.)


As a special case, consider:

	(1) Chris has registered a RAPNAP preference list,
which for ASRG purposes is a per-sender RMX list

	(2) Aardvark forwarding uses the forwarding requestor's
e-mail address as the source address for the forwarded article
(Amazon.com apparently currently does this with book reccommendations)

If 1 and 2 are both true, Chris will receive a challenge concerning
mail from him originating at a new peer and must approve Aardvark's
peer before the Advenge SMTPD server will even accept Chris's return
address from Aardvark's server, so Chris will have to do that, which
will moot the magic phrase being in the introduction, because the
message will have gotten approved based on Chris being whitelisted
so the magic phrase inspection will not be required.  Chris can take
Aardvark's IP out of his RAPNAP server list afterwards, or leave it
there and trust that Aardvark isn't going to actionably misrepresent
next quarter's Aardvark catalog as a personal message from Chris.

If 2 but not 1, mail spoofed as From Chris has the benefit of Chris's
whitelisting status.


Special case 2:

lemma (2) is true, but Chris has registered a public key with the server
infrastructure rather than a Peer Network Address list.
In order to get past the Advenge filtering system, Chris has to
public-key-sign the text he pastes into the introductory text control
in Aardvark's article forwarding form.


Brett Watson wrote:
> Za'mbori, Zolta'n wrote:
> 
>>If Aardvarks.example.com will be the MAIL FROM than MTA doing white-list
>>filtering at the SMTP level will refuse this email even the white-list
>>contains the email address of Bob.
> 
> 
> So our scenario goes like this: Chris wants publisher Aardvarks to send an 
> article to Bob. Chris is in Bob's whitelist, but Aarvarks is not. Should the 
> message from Aardvarks be delivered to Bob on the basis that it was requested 
> by Chris, although not sent *by* him as such? In other words, should the 
> whitelisting be transferrable? If Bob has authorised Chris to send mail to 
> him, can Chris then share that authorisation with Aardvarks? If so, is the 
> authorisation a one-off thing, or a permanent thing? And can Aardvarks then 
> share the authority with its "business partners"?
> 
> You can probably see where this is going. It's the situation that we have now 
> with email addresses. I can create a single-use email address (like the one 
> I've used for subscription to this list), but I can't control its 
> dissemination and subsequent use. The best I can do is retire an address when 
> it becomes abused beyond its worth. If I had a strong LMAP-like means of 
> verifying sender addresses, then I could restrict incoming addresses to use 
> by particular senders, but the senders could not easily share their authority 
> to send. Anything more subtle than those two policies will be difficult to 
> implement. Not impossible, but certainly complex.
> 
> So let us assume that Chris is NOT authorised to share his mail-sending 
> authority with third parties. Acting on Chris' request, Aardvarks.example.com 
> finds itself unable to send mail to Bob, because Bob's mail policies reject 
> mail from unknown parties. What can Aardvarks do about this? One possibility 
> is to mail the article to Chris instead, saying, "we were unable to deliver 
> this article to Bob as you requested. Please forward it to him with our 
> compliments, and suggest that he add Aardvarks to his mail white-list if he 
> wishes to receive forwarded articles from us more conveniently in future."

I agree that the above policy is a reasonable one for Aardvarks to follow.



> If Chris is unable to forward the article to Bob himself, then he never had 
> the authority to request the mailing in the first place.

"Introductory texts" on article forwarding systems are a perfect place 
to insert "classical passwords."


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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Its all over for Challenge Response
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On Thu, Feb 05, 2004 at 10:08:44AM -0800, Bob Atkinson wrote

> Asking me to choose between a 24.4 kbps dialup (my phone lines are poor
> quality) and a 750 Mbps broadband is only offering a false choice. My
> ISP owns me, body and soul. And I'm by no means alone in that situation;
> there are millions of others.
> 
> > > Indeed, that is the situation for me personally: I'm stuck with my
> > > cable provider, whether I like them or not, and that's unlikely to
> > > change for decades (my property boundary is a telco central office
> > > boundary, so DSL will never come).
> > 
> > How do they prevent you from having an email account elsewhere?
> 
> They prevent it because they own the filtering behavior on outbound
> email (port 25 or whatever). They can and do deny or allow me to engage
> with other mail addresses entirely at their whim. Concretely, I've been
> cut off entirely twice in the last two-ish years.

  Haven't you ever heard of smtp-submit (port 587) or ssh-tunneling or a
web interface to email at another ISP ?

-- 
Walter Dnes <waltdnes@waltdnes.org>
Email users are divided into two classes;
1) Those who have effective spam-blocking
2) Those who wish they did

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On Wed, Feb 04, 2004 at 05:22:27PM -0500, Yakov Shafranovich wrote

> Various "Turing test" schemes are in use today for signups, C/R, and 
> WHOIS lookups. The W3C draft pointed out some of the problems inherent 
> with these schemes for disabled users. Has there been a response from 
> the industry? Does anyone really care unless the end-user constituency 
> is large enough to make a commercial or public difference?

  If a jurisdiction has laws regarding access for the disabled, all you
need is one disabled person and one lawyer, and it's game over for the
turing test.

-- 
Walter Dnes <waltdnes@waltdnes.org>
Email users are divided into two classes;
1) Those who have effective spam-blocking
2) Those who wish they did

_______________________________________________
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> 
>   If a jurisdiction has laws regarding access for the disabled, all you
> need is one disabled person and one lawyer, and it's game over for the
> turing test.
> 
You're pre-judging your hypothetical court case rather, aren't you?
IANAL, but in the UK at least, I gather this would only be an issue with
*some* *public* services. I'm not required to provide (for instance)
wheelchair ramps at my front door.
Besides, reasonable alternative provisions might cover you (depending on
your local laws) - a multi-modal "sound or vision" puzzle perhaps.





--

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Brett Watson wrote:
> So let us assume that Chris is NOT authorised to share his mail-sending 
> authority with third parties. Acting on Chris' request, Aardvarks.example.com 
> finds itself unable to send mail to Bob, because Bob's mail policies reject 
> mail from unknown parties. What can Aardvarks do about this? One possibility 
> is to mail the article to Chris instead, saying, "we were unable to deliver 
> this article to Bob as you requested. Please forward it to him with our 
> compliments, and suggest that he add Aardvarks to his mail white-list if he 
> wishes to receive forwarded articles from us more conveniently in future."

There is an additional possibility. Aardvarks is like a MUA. Chris 
compose (select) the message what he wants to send to Bob. Aardvarks 
submit the message as the MUA of Chris.


z2

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On 2 Feb 2004, at 11:40, "Alan DeKok" <aland@ox.org>
>  If SMTP required the originator to publish the size and number of
> messages they were trying to deliver, then that would provide
> significant information to the recipient, which would allow him to
> make better decisions about the messages.
>
>   e.g. I don't know who you are, and you want to send me a 1M message?
>        sorry, you get 10 kbps.
>
>   e.g. You said you wanted to send me a 1k message, and you've just
>        hit the 10k mark.  I think I'll hang up now, and blacklist you.

   I can do that now with a procmail filter.  What I'd like is the 
ability to either read only parts of the incoming mail (to check MIME 
content, etc), and/or to have a header that tells how many parts the 
message has.  I might be able to do this already to, but not within the 
POP protocol as is - ie I'd have to log onto the server and directly 
read the mail file, just like procmail does.

>   These sort of protocol additions have *zero* impact on trusted and
> honest users of SMTP.  They can have large impact on the ability to
> deal with malicious unknown senders.

   I agree that things like this of little impact on honest senders (the 
only exception I can think of is if you long-lost aunt, whose email 
isn't on your white-list, sends you 10MB of pictures.  But then, you 
probably don't want them in that case..)

Jim


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From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@ox.org>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Spooked mail addresses 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Wed, 04 Feb 2004 15:52:58 GMT."
             <20040204155258.GA31706@linuxufo.com> 
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Peter Sergeant <pete@clueball.com> wrote:
> I realise people have wildly differing ideas of what constitutes spam,
> but what definition fits an email that you have specifically requested
> be sent to someone you know, on your behalf, most likely for
> non-commerical reasons?

  That depends on how the recipient can deal with it.

> I don't really see how this is philosophically different from going to a
> web-based email account, typing in a friend's email address, and sending
> them a message - it's just that in the case of emailing someone an
> article, someone else wrote the original content.

  How can the recipient tell that this is happening?

  A1) they can't, so it's indistinguishable from spam

  or

  A2) some method on top of SMTP to tie the real originator to the
      mailer sending the URL, in which case there are other issues...

  Right now, the answer is A1: no way to tell.

  Alan DEKok.

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From: John Levine <asrg@johnlevine.com>
To: asrg@ietf.org
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Organization: I.E.C.C., Trumansburg NY USA
Subject: [Asrg] Re: Documents for LMAP BOF
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I've made up two draft documents for the BOF, since neither Yakov and I
will be going.

a) LMAP overview, heavily reworked from the version that Alan wrote a
while ago.  I took out all of the comparisons to now abandoned documents
and added a discussion of the relative merits of using IP, HELO/EHLO,
return path, and message header addresses as verification keys, and why
LMAP uses the return path.

    http://www.taugh.com/draft-irtf-asrg-lmap-discussion-01.txt

b) a strawman "flexible sender verification" which basically squishes
DMP and a cut down version of RMX together, due to concerns from some
ISPs that want to do one lookup per domain, slurp up all the IPs for
that domain, and cache it, and other ISPs who want to do a simple DNSBL
style lookup for each message. 

      http://www.taugh.com/draft-levine-fsv-00.txt

Read fast, we have to sumit I-D's for Seoul by Monday.

Regards,
John Levine, johnl@taugh.com, Taughannock Networks, Trumansburg NY
http://www.taugh.com

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From: "Hallam-Baker, Phillip" <pbaker@verisign.com>
To: "'John Levine'" <asrg@johnlevine.com>, asrg@ietf.org
Subject: RE: [Asrg] Re: Documents for LMAP BOF
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Some comments:

1) BGP Security Concerns

	The primary security concern that needs to be addressed is the
incentive to hijack legitimate IP address blocks via BGP spoofing.

	This is something the IAB should consider as a matter of urgency.
The only proposal made in the area (Kent) is undeployable, it requires
adding IPSEC to every router on the backbone which ain't happening and is
not necessary.

	It is very clear that the ISPs will be deploying IP based
authentication schemes in the near future regardless of concerns raised by
the IETF.

2) DNS Security Concerns

	The DNS statement is incorrect. The DNS does have security, it just
is not very good and it is not cryptographically based.

	The cookie mechanism is limited to a 16 bit cookie. This could be
easily extended to 128 bits by means of a dummy resource request.

	DNSSEC is undeployable as currently specified. The IESG is aware of
this issue.

3) We do not need yet another IP authentication scheme.

	At this point proposing yet another scheme based on the same
principles does not contribute to the discussion.


		Phill

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All of the subgroups listed on our website have been setup with 
individual mailing lists. All of the lists have their archives available 
publicly online via Gmane.org:

http://news.gmane.org/index.php?prefix=gmane.ietf.asrg

We also updated the website to include links to the archives.

Yakov
-------
Yakov Shafranovich / asrg <at> shaftek.org
SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc. / research <at> solidmatrix.com
"But in this world nothing can be said to be certain, except death and 
taxes" (Benjamin Franklin)
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Subject: [Asrg] 0. General - Spamming on QMTP?
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Just wondering if there are any (more) occurances of spamming using QMTP?
If so, would it be reasonable to address QMTP in this group?

Maex? I think you have some experience with that.

Cheers
Andreas


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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: Documents for LMAP BOF
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John Levine wrote:
> I've made up two draft documents for the BOF, since neither Yakov and I
> will be going.
> 
> a) LMAP overview, heavily reworked from the version that Alan wrote a
> while ago.  I took out all of the comparisons to now abandoned documents
> and added a discussion of the relative merits of using IP, HELO/EHLO,
> return path, and message header addresses as verification keys, and why
> LMAP uses the return path.
> 
>     http://www.taugh.com/draft-irtf-asrg-lmap-discussion-01.txt

Before starting in, one quick note: It would have been a lot easier to 
compare this mechanically (i.e. diff -u) to the -00 draft if you had used 
the same page-width as Alan did.

I have attached at the end of this message a diff of typo fixes.

In paragraph 1 of section 1.2, "Interpretation of LMAP Data", the range 
should cover complete reliance on the data published in LMAP (making 
accept/reject decisions solely on that basis) to complete ignorance 
(non-implementation on the recipient side or not using the data to influence 
the decision). I think the last sentence of that paragraph is entirely 
unnecessary.
Paragraph 2 is bluntly wrong. The intent of creating LMAP is that eventually 
it WILL be used to reject mail, because it is assumed to be forged. A 
comment like this belongs much later in the document, in a deployment 
considerations section.

In section 2.2.1, "IP Address", paragraph 2, I disagree with equating MTA 
Mark and LMAP. By design, they address different issues. MTA Mark addresses 
usage that providers don't like and is for the use of IP-space owners. LMAP 
addresses domain name abuse, and is for the owners of individual domain 
names. Although the intersection between those 2 sets is large (all ISPs, 
effectively), they are not equivalent.
OTOH, if your intent is really to generalize the concept embodied by LMAP, 
that runs contradictory to your email, which reads "... and why LMAP uses 
the return path." I have no objection to the generalization, but pick one, 
please.

I don't like how the comparison section phrases LMAP as a modification to 
RFC 2821. I suspect that such wording will raise a lot of unnecessary 
resistance to LMAP for no particular reason. I interpreted that part of RFC 
2821 to mean that recipient MTAs should not reject mail on the basis of the 
the HELO name not resolving to the connecting IP or the connecting IP not 
reverse-resolving to the HELO name. Following this interpretation, LMAP 
suggests neither, and thus is no modification to 2821, only an application 
of the liberties of "local policy"-based rejections.

As I look that the rest of 2.2.*, I notice that 2.2.1 is excessively chatty. 
Most of that should be in 2.2.5, "Comparison"

2.2.5, last paragraph: DATA payload headers are not particularly useful for 
LMAP verification, because there are frequent enough circumstances in which 
they will not verify for valid mail. They're also even more prone to RFC 
2821 non-compliance than HELO and return path are.

None of 2.3 belongs in the problem statement and scope section. LMAP does 
not address a problem in the DNS. Perhaps 2.3 should have been 3.1, and 
titled "Reliance on DNS". There should be a big reference to the "Security 
Considerations" section below in that, rather than spreading out such 
discussion.
The text in 2.3.1, "DNS Poisoning", has nothing to do with DNS poisoning 
attacks. Have a look at <http://www.securityfocus.com/guest/17905>

The section headers under 3, "Common Concerns with LMAP", are ambiguous. In 
reading carefully, it's clear that the section headers are the summary 
responses, but it may be clearer if they were the common concerns 
themselves, in quotes.
E.g.:
"3.1 LMAP Changes the end to end nature of the Internet"
"3.2 Roaming users are harmed by LMAP"
etc.

3.3, on Relaying and Forwarding, has more hand-waving than most of the rest 
of this document.
First off, there are 2 separate circumstances to be dealt with. They may 
have the same solution, but they should be described separately.
Here's how I would define them:
1. Relaying is a service provided to senders in which the relaying domain
agrees to deliver the sender's messages outside the relay's and sender's
domains.
In the relaying case, sender-rewriting is perfectly acceptable, as it means 
there is another party who is at least as responsible for the message as the 
sender, and is willing to accept that accountability. How the rewriting is 
done and ensuring that bounces, DSNs, and the like get through is all a 
matter of local policy and agreement.
2. Forwarding is a service provided to recipients in which the forwarding
domain agrees to deliver messages addressed to one mailbox to another mailbox.
The forwarding case is where the hand-waving comes in. Sender-rewriting is 
undesirable here. It means that the intermediary recipient is essentially 
forced to present themselves as accountable for a message that they have no 
connection to. It also present a heavy burden on many users who use 
something like pobox.com or ieee.org to forward to an ISP account where they 
have no control over any whitelisting.
Regardless of the merits and usability of various sender-rewriting schemes, 
there is massive potential for bad security and privacy without a lot of 
implementation consideration.
Basically, I believe that we need to shift gears from practically mandating 
sender-rewriting to making it clear that this is an open problem. This is 
somewhere that I think general IETF input would be very useful.

3.4. Kiosks, etc., is somewhat glib about this issue. I've recently been 
involved in discussions elsewhere on the major issues surrounding this. 
There are a few problems and solutions. Again, I don't think recommending 
this solution straight-off is the right way to handle it when we're putting 
this before a large group of people who would most likely make very valuable 
contributions to the discourse if it's clear that there's something to discuss.

If all of section 4 could be put in a table on a website somewhere, to make 
it easier to digest, that may be useful.

The note on DNS reliance should mostly fall under Security Considerations, 
as noted above.

The text acknowledging previous contributors has been removed.

> b) a strawman "flexible sender verification" which basically squishes
> DMP and a cut down version of RMX together, due to concerns from some
> ISPs that want to do one lookup per domain, slurp up all the IPs for
> that domain, and cache it, and other ISPs who want to do a simple DNSBL
> style lookup for each message. 
> 
>       http://www.taugh.com/draft-levine-fsv-00.txt

I will concur with Phill in that I don't think we need another rehash of 
these ideas. At any rate, if we submit the discussion document for 
consideration by the IETF, the implementation will be heavily discussed in 
that realm anyway. There's no point in muddying the waters on this point, 
and I think FSV does just that.

Philip Miller

--------------000208040405020605060901
Content-Type: text/x-patch;
 name="lmap_typos.diff"
Content-Disposition: inline;
 filename="lmap_typos.diff"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit

--- draft-irtf-asrg-lmap-discussion-01.txt	2004-02-07 21:25:37.000000000 -0500
+++ draft-irtf-asrg-lmap-discussion-02.txt	2004-02-07 21:31:36.000000000 -0500
@@ -170,7 +170,7 @@
    a recipient would choose to accept that non-consensual mes-
    sage.
 
-   The method of eastablishing whether an IP address can send
+   The method of establishing whether an IP address can send
    messages for a domain is similar to the usage of Dialup User
    Lists (DUL) [ref: MAPS DUL].  With those methods, a network
    provider publishes a list of IP addresses which have been as-
@@ -276,7 +276,7 @@
      to pretend not to be a sender on a recipient's blacklist.
 
    +o In account fraud, also known as ``phishing'', a sender poses
-     as a person or organization with whom the receipient has a
+     as a person or organization with whom the recipient has a
      business relationship, or would like to have a business re-
      lationship.  The sender does so in order to trick the recip-
      ient into revealing personal information that the sender can
@@ -392,7 +392,7 @@
    that the host at the connecting IP is authorized to use the
    domain name it is offering.  Like IP validation, HELO/EHLO
    validation doesn't provide a contact e-mail address.  The HE-
-   LO/EHLO address shold be the host's name, such as MAIL.EXAM-
+   LO/EHLO address should be the host's name, such as MAIL.EXAM-
    PLE.COM, even if the mail it sends all has addresses in the
    domain EXAMPLE.COM.  Although the address Postmaster@EXAM-
    PLE.COM would exist, the address Postmaster@MAIL.EXAMPLE.COM
@@ -403,7 +403,7 @@
    mail since few hosts accept mail to domain literal addresses.
    RFC 2821 permits the SMTP server to validate a domain address
    provided to EHLO or HELO by doing a DNS lookup to see if the
-   IP address matxhes, but does not permit the server to reject
+   IP address matches, but does not permit the server to reject
    mail if the validation fails.  HELO/EHLO-based LMAP would mod-
    ify RFC2821 by allowing the server to reject mail based on HE-
    LO/EHLO validation failure.
@@ -429,7 +429,7 @@
 
 
    Although any or all of these items could be used for message
-   validation, the LMAP propoals use the return path as a compro-
+   validation, the LMAP proposals use the return path as a compro-
    mise between the best quality data and efficiency of opera-
    tion.  A verified return path, unlike IP or HELO/EHLO data, is
    very likely to provide a specific responsible address and re-
@@ -530,7 +530,7 @@
 
    Another concern raised about LMAP is that it will negatively
    affect roaming users, that is, users not connected to their
-   usual or home networ.  The main concern of roaming users is
+   usual or home network.  The main concern of roaming users is
    that the deployment of LMAP will break the "end to end" nature
    of the Internet.
 
@@ -585,7 +585,7 @@
 
    Roaming users may update LMAP information for their domain
    through Dynamic DNS (DDNS).  Any messages they send will then
-   pass LMAP criteries, subject to DNS propagation delays.
+   pass LMAP criteria, subject to DNS propagation delays.
 
    Roaming users can also publish a policy though LMAP that any
    IP address on the Internet is permitted to claim association
@@ -700,7 +700,7 @@
 
    Each of these proposals is a work in progress, hence the read-
    er must refer to the latest defining document for each to
-   learn the eaxct details of each.  These comparisons are not
+   learn the exact details of each.  These comparisons are not
    intended to recommend one proposal over another, but rather to
    highlight the differences among them.
 
@@ -877,8 +877,8 @@
 
    Publication of LMAP information results in a readily available
    list of IP addresses of hosts authorized to send messages as-
-   sociated with a domain.  These lists yeild information about
-   the network structure, andbusiness relationships, and presents
+   sociated with a domain.  These lists yield information about
+   the network structure, and business relationships, and presents
    hostile parties with a list of targets to attempt to compro-
    mise.
 

--------------000208040405020605060901--

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From: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>
Organization: SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc.
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: Documents for LMAP BOF
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Hallam-Baker, Phillip wrote:

> Some comments:
> 
> 1) BGP Security Concerns
> 
> 	The primary security concern that needs to be addressed is the
> incentive to hijack legitimate IP address blocks via BGP spoofing.
> 

Is this the same IP spoofing issue being addressed in the end of this 
message:

http://www1.ietf.org/mail-archive/working-groups/asrg/current/msg08549.html
> 
> 2) DNS Security Concerns
> 
> 	The DNS statement is incorrect. The DNS does have security, it just
> is not very good and it is not cryptographically based.
> 

Doesn't this cover this:

"2.3.2 Increased incentive for DNS cracks

    LMAP will also have the effect of increasing the incentives
    for spammers to crack and subvert DNS servers (in order to
    spoof receivers doing LMAP checks against the DNS database).
"

Yakov

-------
Yakov Shafranovich / asrg <at> shaftek.org
SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc. / research <at> solidmatrix.com
"Some lies are easier to believe than the truth" (Dune)
-------


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>You're pre-judging your hypothetical court case rather, aren't you?
>IANAL, but in the UK at least, I gather this would only be an issue with
>*some* *public* services. I'm not required to provide (for instance)
>wheelchair ramps at my front door.
>Besides, reasonable alternative provisions might cover you (depending on
>your local laws) - a multi-modal "sound or vision" puzzle perhaps.

Any successful system should allow the recipient to send back multiple 
challenges and the recipient could then take their pick as to which one 
they would like to solve.  Thus they could have a CPU based system (penny 
black), a sight based system (decode graphic), sound based system, 
something for cell phones, or ..... this could even be done / offered in 
multiple languages.

Thus the protocol shouldn't make life difficult for people with 
disabilities.  It would be up to the recipient to provide an access method 
for each of the disabilities that they choose to address -- or none at 
all.  But that should be left to the recipient not the protocol.

Personally, I think an XML schema should be created that defines the 
different challenges.  The sender or sender's client could then (perhaps 
automatically) select the challenge they wish to solve.

Also, the issue of keeping the challenge response system from being used as 
an advertising mechanism can be easily solved by having the original 
application include a "password" (which can be a random number). Then when 
the challenge is sent, it can reference this password.  If the challenge 
does not reference the password, it is considered bogus and dropped.  The 
passwords can be one time only passwords so they do not run the risk of 
being compromised.

-Art


-- 
Art Pollard
http://www.lextek.com/
Suppliers of High Performance Text Retrieval Engines.


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If this idea is a rehash, please accept my apology and point me to the former discussion.

What if we turned the spam problem upside-down?  Seems like most energy is focused on stopping or blocking spam.  What if we facilitated it's delivery?  Sounds crazy right!  Please read on.

I got off to pondering about how spam is basically an economic phenomenon...increase it's cost and it decreases (as evident by anti-spam results), but more important perhaps that by decreasing it's cost, it (the actual reading of it) might actually increase and that might be good thing.

In short, my idea is we propose a standard for attaching keywords in the header of an email, which summarize the targetted content of the email.  Think of bidded search terms for PPC advertising (e.g. Overture.com).  Then receivers of email can easily install filters to prioritize email on content they are interested in and de-prioritize (delete, delay, relegate to spam folder, etc) the rest.

The spammers typical motivation is economic.  Spammers also compete for resources between themselves, just like any economic system.  If some spammers make more $ by targetting their spam, they squeeze out economically those who use inferior methods.  Right now, it seems we have the opposite, where spammers (the inferior targetting) squeezes out the relevant email (even email from marketers I wish to hear from).  Overture proved that highly targetted advertising tromps other advertising, and PPC continues gooble up advertising resources across the internet.  The difference is that spammers have no incentive to pay per click, but I will get to issue of reputation capital below...

It seems to me that what makes spam such a monumental problem is that currently the spammer has no global way to target his message other than to send a copy to everyone, as evident by the microscopic response rates to typical spam.  If a spammer could yield a 100 or 1000 times greater response rate by merely attaching keyboards, it seems to me the spammer would have an economic incentive to do so.

Then the problem becomes how to prioritize amongst the messages with similar keywords, and how to detect deception.  Basically it becomes a reputation problem.  If we can indeed help spammers make more $ by helping them target their messages, then my companion idea is build in a trust mechanism that spammers can opt into.  Spammers then can build reputation for their trust signature.  That reputation could be qualified on different levels, such as my local actions (which message I read/keep and which I discard) and on shared reputation totals.  In short, a system where spammers compete with each other to find the best keywords and build best reputations for those keywords.  Instead of paying with currency for ranking (ala Overture.com), they pay with their reputation (ala Google.com).

It seems to me that some people want what spammers are selling.  If we help both parties (sender and receiver) become more efficient, then both parties have an incentive to opt into that framework.

In terms of creating a global standard, this idea does not require an overhaul of existing protocols and doesn't suffer from "chicken and egg" delimma, i.e. is compatible with an evolutionary adoption rate.

This won't completely stop some fringe spammers from attempting to bypass the reputation system and send untargetted email, but the realities of economics are that those who provide resources want to maximize profit.  Resources are not infinite, else spam would already be 99.999999999999% of all email.  I think my idea will may spammer resources more expensive, and thus the spammer who has a choice of sending an ad about viagra to everyone, or sending it only to people who are interested in viagra, will find it more profitable to enter the reputation system.

I admit I haven't thought through this idea very far, especially into all the implementation issues.  It is just an idea that bounced off top of my head and I thought I would share it here, FWIW.  No need to flame me if you think it is bad idea, just let it keep bouncing right off into neverneverland :-)

P.S. The idea has nothing to do with algorithms at AccuSpam, so please do not involve AccuSpam in the discussion.  Thanks.

Shelby Moore
http://accuspam.com


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From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@ox.org>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 1a. Inventory of Problems - Spoofed mail addresses 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Fri, 06 Feb 2004 14:55:10 +1030."
             <GPEMJLCHICHEGPOKJHHDMEEHGPAA.rebel@rebel.com.au> 
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"Chris" <rebel@rebel.com.au> wrote:
> for privacy reasons they don't simply give out email addresses
> So ebay posts the mail using the from address as ebay cust 1
> 
> therefore ebay cust 2 can reply to ebay cust 1 directly
> 
> this is in effect a spoofed return address

  No.  Ebay is creating email accounts owned by Ebay, and managed by
ebay.  This has nothing to do with email spoofing.

> Solutions?

  There is no problem, so there is no solution needed.

  Alan DeKok.

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        "Hallam-Baker, Phillip" <pbaker@verisign.com>
Cc: "'John Levine'" <asrg@johnlevine.com>, asrg@ietf.org
Subject: RE: [Asrg] Re: Documents for LMAP BOF
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> > 1) BGP Security Concerns
> > 
> > 	The primary security concern that needs to be addressed is the
> > incentive to hijack legitimate IP address blocks via BGP spoofing.
> > 
> 
> Is this the same IP spoofing issue being addressed in the end of this 
> message:
> 
> http://www1.ietf.org/mail-archive/working-groups/asrg/current/
msg08549.html

No. A BGP level attack is an attack on the Internet backbone, I simply
inject
fake routes into the system. BGP does not have much of an authentication
model
and that which it does have is not very good.

So far the only proposal to fix this is not at all credible. It would
require
new software on all the backbone routers at a minimum (not going to happen)
and it would probably require replacement in many cases.


>> 2) DNS Security Concerns
>> 
>> 	The DNS statement is incorrect. The DNS does have security, it just
>> is not very good and it is not cryptographically based.
>> 
>
>Doesn't this cover this:
>
>"2.3.2 Increased incentive for DNS cracks
>
>    LMAP will also have the effect of increasing the incentives
>    for spammers to crack and subvert DNS servers (in order to
>    spoof receivers doing LMAP checks against the DNS database).

I was referring to Levine's Yet Another RMX Specification, (YARS/FSV) 
rather than the requirements paper.

At this point it is very clear that LMAP is not going to happen as
a new spec. Introducing the acronym is unhelpful as it suggests
that there is an uncertainty there and a new proposal on the table,
this is not the case at this point.

YARS is even less helpful. At this point the issue is a straight 
standards fight between SPF and CallerID in the IP auth area.
Nothing else has acquired significant momentum or backing.


I do not see any statement in YARS that specifies what is wrong with 
the other proposals that creates the need for a new scheme that does
what is already done.


		Phill

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> 2. Forwarding is a service provided to recipients in which the forwarding
> domain agrees to deliver messages addressed to one mailbox to another
> mailbox.
> The forwarding case is where the hand-waving comes in. Sender-rewriting
> is
> undesirable here. It means that the intermediary recipient is essentially
> forced to present themselves as accountable for a message that they have
> no
> connection to. It also present a heavy burden on many users who use 
> something like pobox.com or ieee.org to forward to an ISP account where
> they
> have no control over any whitelisting.


I'm not sure from which point of view you judge sender-rewriting
undesirable. It's simply not true that the forwarder has "no connection to"
the messages they forward. The forwarder is not part of, or contracted
with, the recipent ISP, they're as responsible for the messages they submit
as is any other external system. I guess there is added burden for some of
the players here, but they're at liberty not to implement, and suffer some
degradation to their service. This would be an issue for a user who choses
to use a forwarder in an unfriendly environment, and a cost issue for the
forwarder.

I don't see how it's really fair that I should be able to provide services
(and make a profit) in the middle, without taking on some responsibilities
there also.




   









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From: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>
Organization: SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc.
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: Documents for LMAP BOF
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Hallam-Baker, Phillip wrote:
>>>1) BGP Security Concerns
>>>
>>>	The primary security concern that needs to be addressed is the
>>>incentive to hijack legitimate IP address blocks via BGP spoofing.
>>>
>>
>>Is this the same IP spoofing issue being addressed in the end of this 
>>message:
>>
>>http://www1.ietf.org/mail-archive/working-groups/asrg/current/
> 
> msg08549.html
> 
> No. A BGP level attack is an attack on the Internet backbone, I simply
> inject
> fake routes into the system. BGP does not have much of an authentication
> model
> and that which it does have is not very good.
> 

Are there any documents describing how this would happen? Can you 
provide some links?

How easy is such attack to pull off? Would a spammer be more likely to 
hijack a computer with its identity rather than steal an IP?

> So far the only proposal to fix this is not at all credible. It would
> require
> new software on all the backbone routers at a minimum (not going to happen)
> and it would probably require replacement in many cases.
> 

Can you provide a link to this proposal?

Yakov
-------
Yakov Shafranovich / asrg <at> shaftek.org
SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc. / research <at> solidmatrix.com
"Among all our enemies / The ones to be most feared are often the 
smallest" (Jean de la Fontaine)
-------


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From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@ox.org>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Spooked mail addresses 
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Seth Breidbart <sethb@panix.com> wrote:
> >> The glitch is that when the email arrives in my inbox, the from address
> >> is the address of the person sending it, not the publication itself.
> >
> >  Such messages are forged spam.
> 
> False.  There's no forgery if my email address is used at my request.

  Once again for people who haven't been following ASRG over the past
year:  How do I (as the recipient) know your email address was used at
your request?

  If there is a method for me to determine that, great.  Right now,
there isn't.  So such messages are *indistinguishable* from spam.
99.9% of the spam I get is such nonsense.  Legitimate senders I deal
with don't forge mail to me when they're roaming, because they know
it's bad network practice.  Using "ssh" to log in to a home site to
read/send/port-forward mail is trivial.

  In general, the vast majority of legitimate email comes from
well-known and easily traceable sources.  (i.e. traceable with work,
but not currently traceable or accountable through SMTP.)  Email from
this list comes from ietf.org, and as a recipient, I can trivially
check that.  In contrast, the vast majority of spam does NOT come from
well-known sources.  The messages fraudulently claim association with
domains when they have no permission to do so.

  Read the LMAP discussion document.  It talks about this problem in
more detail.

> However, the "Sender: " header is appropriate in that situation.

  That's nice.  How can I tell it isn't lying to me?  The answer, of
course, is that I can't.  Spammers use such forged associations to say
things like "Honest, this mail isn't coming from AOL, but we really
truly are sending it at AOL's request.  Now give us your account name
and password..."

  Pretending that untraceable forgeries are a reasonable use of the
email system is a good way to make sure that the spam problem will
never be addressed.

> >  Is it really that difficult for your local browser to copy the web
> > page, and send it?
> 
> Difficult?  No.  Copyright violation?  Yes.

  If the host of the article sends a copy to your friend, why can't it
give you permission to do so?

> > Or, to send a URL?
> 
> Which won't work for someone else who doesn't have an account there.

  If an account is required, why are you sending them the article?


  I think you last two comments are arguing opposite sides of the same
coin.  You can't have it both ways.

  Alan DeKok.

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From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@ox.org>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Spooked mail addresses 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Wed, 04 Feb 2004 12:13:30 EST."
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David Maxwell <david@crlf.net> wrote:
> > You say 'forges', but isn't this exactly what any MUA does? I can
> > configure 'mutt' to send email from you - this doesn't mean that
> > legitimate mail I send from 'mutt' is also by definition spam.
> 
> It doesn't mean it's spam, but if there's no way to tell it apart from
> spam, then it may as well be spam.

  This is a basic principle of physics:  If you can't tell the
difference A and B, then they're the same.

  I can't tell the difference between spammers forging "from"
addresses, and roaming users forging "from" addresses.  So to be safe,
I treat them all as spam.

  When people I respect roam, they use well-established network
practices to send non-forged messages.  It's simple netiquette.

> > It's true that there's no technical way for the *recipient* to verify
> > that you authorized a message. However, I'd say your logic doesn't hold
> > - by the line of reasoning that says any non-source-verifiable email is
> > technically equivalent to spam, most of the messages on this list are
> > also technically equivalent to spam. This does not make them spam.
> 
> It makes them as problematic to the receiver as spam.

  They're not as bad as spam.  Even without SMTP-layer forwarder
verification, it's fairly trivial for a content filter to verify that
messages on the "asrg@ietf.org" list come from an MTA at "ietf.org".

  Alan DeKok.

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Alan DeKok" <aland@ox.org> wrote:
> Seth Breidbart <sethb@panix.com> wrote:

>> >  Such messages are forged spam.
>> False.  There's no forgery if my email address is used at my request.
>
>  Once again for people who haven't been following ASRG over the past
> year:  How do I (as the recipient) know your email address was used at
> your request?
>
>   If there is a method for me to determine that, great.  Right now,
> there isn't.

There isn't for _this_ message (even if I sent it directly to you
rather than just to the list) either.

>  So such messages are *indistinguishable* from spam.

Only if you have a rather weak distinguisher.  There are a lot of ways
to distinguish this message from spam, even if there's no way for you
to be sure that I actually wrote it.

>  Legitimate senders I deal with don't forge mail to me when they're
> roaming, because they know it's bad network practice.

If I use my own email address then it isn't forgery, period.

>  In general, the vast majority of legitimate email comes from
> well-known and easily traceable sources.

If you want to use that as a distinguishing characteristic, fine.  I'd
claim that The New York Times is a "well-known and easily traceable
source", though.

>  In contrast, the vast majority of spam does NOT come from
> well-known sources.

Enough of my spam to leave the rest as below a "vast majority" comes
from comcast; is that not a well-known source?

>  The messages fraudulently claim association with
> domains when they have no permission to do so.

The message actually do come from within comcast's network, despite
lacking permission.

>> However, the "Sender: " header is appropriate in that situation.
>
>  That's nice.  How can I tell it isn't lying to me?  The answer, of
> course, is that I can't.

In general, you can't tell that about any header your machine didn't
add.

>  Pretending that untraceable forgeries are a reasonable use of the
> email system is a good way to make sure that the spam problem will
> never be addressed.

Since when need such messages be "untraceable forgeries"?  (1) They're
easily traced to the sender.  (2) The sender _could_ require some sort
of proof in order to register to send such messages.

>> Difficult?  No.  Copyright violation?  Yes.
>  If the host of the article sends a copy to your friend, why can't it
> give you permission to do so?

It apparently chooses not to do so.  Their toys, their copyright,
their rules.

>> > Or, to send a URL?
>> Which won't work for someone else who doesn't have an account there.
>
>  If an account is required, why are you sending them the article?

Apparently, the NY Times is willing to email articles on my bahelf to
people when I ask it to, though it won't show them the article
directly unless they register.  Their copyright, their business model,
their toys, their rules.

>  I think you last two comments are arguing opposite sides of the same
> coin.  You can't have it both ways.

They can do what they want.  If you don't like their business model,
that isn't their problem.

Seth

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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: Documents for LMAP BOF
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Jon Kyme wrote:
>> 2. Forwarding is a service provided to recipients in which the
>> forwarding domain agrees to deliver messages addressed to one mailbox
>> to another mailbox.
>> The forwarding case is where the hand-waving comes in. Sender-rewriting
>> is undesirable here. It means that the intermediary recipient is
>> essentially forced to present themselves as accountable for a message
>> that they have no connection to. It also present a heavy burden on many
>> users who use something like pobox.com or ieee.org to forward to an ISP
>> account where they have no control over any whitelisting.
> 
> I'm not sure from which point of view you judge sender-rewriting
> undesirable. It's simply not true that the forwarder has "no connection to"
> the messages they forward. The forwarder is not part of, or contracted
> with, the recipent ISP, they're as responsible for the messages they submit
> as is any other external system. I guess there is added burden for some of
> the players here, but they're at liberty not to implement, and suffer some
> degradation to their service. This would be an issue for a user who choses
> to use a forwarder in an unfriendly environment, and a cost issue for the
> forwarder.
> 
> I don't see how it's really fair that I should be able to provide services
> (and make a profit) in the middle, without taking on some responsibilities
> there also.

How about we look at a case where the forwarder has no profit, just cost: 
debian.org. Many debian.org users use their addresses as a general purpose 
address, with the intention that they will always have it, to forward 
wherever they go. Thus, they receive and forward mail coming from all over, 
none of which a 3rd party should see them as responsible for. In many 
particular cases, that 3rd party is a large ISP corporation that has no 
profit motive to let end-users selectively disable filtering of some of 
their mail. Thus, debian.org, ostensibly an agent of the recipient, is 
forced to bear a cost (taking responsibility for the message in the eyes of 
the recipient ISP) in place of the sender.

Perhaps what we need is some standardized way for the recipient/forwarding 
user to authorize the message in advance of any filtering. Unfortunately, 
that probably won't be effective in this case unless we got an ESMTP 
extension designed for it, because ISPs want to filter as early as possible 
in the transaction.

Philip Miller

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> Are there any documents describing how this would happen? Can you 
> provide some links?

I'll have to search to see if I can find a good intro.

The basic problem is someone puts a router onto the backbone and then
advertises a BGP route for net 18 (MIT) say with a low cost. This is then
advertised to all the neighboring nodes and all traffic goes to that node
until someone finds out.

A second attack would be to compromise an existing router.

> How easy is such attack to pull off? Would a spammer be more 
> likely to 
> hijack a computer with its identity rather than steal an IP?

It is very easy to do - once. It is probably quite difficult to keep your
network connection if you repeatedly inject malicious BGP data. At present
the attack is usually only made on net blocks that are not in use. This is
where the spam from unallocated address blocks comes from.

It has even been done accidentally, ask Jeff Schiller about the time net 18
really was re-routed to some guys porn site running over a dialup.


The big issue is how much of a problem this is likely to be. How many
routers are likely to be cracked? How easy is it to do without getting
traced?

The questions you ask are really the ones I want an answer to. Is it likely
that SPF will encourage much of this sort of thing when it deploys? What can
be done to remediate it?

I am not going to accept the answer 'don't deploy SPF'. We should secure
BGP, it is an accident waiting to happen in any case.


> > So far the only proposal to fix this is not at all 
> credible. It would
> > require
> > new software on all the backbone routers at a minimum (not 
> going to happen)
> > and it would probably require replacement in many cases.
> > 
> 
> Can you provide a link to this proposal?

Steve Kent, secure BGP
http://www.nwfusion.com/details/6484.html
Note the start date 1996 - this is the one I don't like at all.

Ah, but see this link though
http://www.nwfusion.com/details/6485.html
soBGP does look like it could work. 
http://www.cisco.com/warp/public/759/ipj_6-3/ipj_6-3_bgp2.html

This draft came out since I looked last. It does have the endorsement that
is needed.

I will have to read through and see if it works for SPF/CallerID. 

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Subject: re: [Asrg] Its all over for Challenge Response
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This rumored threat is probably a non-issue.  The IPv4 rate limiting could be
applied to any challenge (turning test) _submitted_ over IP (differentiate
"submission" from "accessing" the challenge content).  There are probably more
cost effective attacks for spammers to exploit:

http://www.accuspam.com/faq.php#as_automate

"...because spammers would not be able to amass enough unique IPv4 addresses
(at reasonable cost) to defeat significantly, useful volumes in their economic
model...AccuSpam's challenge method is most often not a response but a normal
visit to contact form..."

Note implicit requirement is to not serve (be able to access) the same
challenge twice in succession, so that the hijacked client can not use
Javascript to submit the challenge in an auxillary window or frame.  However,
note the exploit could work to the extent that if the client was made to submit
the challenge (not by proxy), i.e. the porn visitor did not receive what was
promised for his work or the porn content was always loaded (irrespective of
results of challenge submission) in side window or frame.  Theoretically it
might be possible to write a script that ran in auxillary window or frame which
could wait on timer to check the validity of the results of the challenge
submission by parsing the returned content in the other companion window or
frame.  I think serving the challenge over HTTPS would be sufficient so the
browser's security system prevents access from script in other window or frame
(url containing different domain).  Whether such client hacks could produce
popular porn sites (see volume requirements argument as well in link above), is
highly dubious.  The challenge results could return frame busting HTML and/or
insure they were on frame or window of sufficient size to interfere with
attempted client hacks.

Shelby Moore
http://AccuSpam.com


> spammers have found a way to break C/R schemes that have a 'turing test'
> component.
>
> You simply set up a free porn web site and get people to crack the turing
> tests in return for seeing the porn.
>
> http://yro.slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=04/01/28/1344207&mode=flat&tid=111&ti
> d=126&tid=172&tid=95&threshold=1
>
>             Phill 


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In-Reply-To: <4026E95D.7090905@zemos.net>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: Documents for LMAP BOF
To: "ASRG" <asrg@ietf.org>
From: "Jon Kyme" <jrk@merseymail.com>
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> 
> How about we look at a case where the forwarder has no profit, just cost:
> debian.org. Many debian.org users use their addresses as a general
> purpose
> address, with the intention that they will always have it, to forward 
> wherever they go. 


OK, debian.org are providing the "appearance" of a mailbox for no charge.
Jolly good. Well done.


>In many 
> particular cases, that 3rd party is a large ISP corporation that has no 
> profit motive to let end-users selectively disable filtering of some of 
> their mail. Thus, debian.org, ostensibly an agent of the recipient, is 
> forced to bear a cost (taking responsibility for the message in the eyes
> of
> the recipient ISP) in place of the sender.
> 

Indeed, that's the point. debian.org *are* sending this mail to
isp.example. They're doing this as the agent of a person who is a customer
of isp.example They are not doing this *for* isp.example, they're doing
this *to* isp.example

isp.example hold debian.org responsible for sending it. What's wrong with
that?

If isp.example users can't modulate the filtering behaviour to pass-thru
the debian.org routed stuff and some LMAP-thing is active - this will be a
hostile environment for forwarding. debian.org have a number of
alternatives:

1. do the rewriting (and accept some implied responsibility?) 
2. refuse to rewrite and get blocked by systems which don't like the look
of mail from example.com routed via debian.org
3. Provide a real mailbox, POP / IMAP.

> Perhaps what we need is some standardized way for the
> recipient/forwarding
> user to authorize the message in advance of any filtering. Unfortunately,
> that probably won't be effective in this case unless we got an ESMTP 
> extension designed for it, because ISPs want to filter as early as
> possible
> in the transaction.
> 

Ideally, a system running LMAP-thing should give users the ability to
configure it in such a way as not to be forwarding-hostile. If there's no
"profit-motive" for supporting this, it suggests that customer demand is
too small.

I'm very much in favour of some standard for configuring filtering at the
ISP. However, I can't see how one could make this a pre-requisite for LMAP
deployment.

It seems possible that widespread adoption of LMAP-like systems could
increase costs for forwarders. I don't believe there's a rule which says
that the forwarders p.o.v. is more significant than the receiving ISP's.

The feature that allows debian.org to forward transparently has costs.
Spome of these costs are currently borne by mom&pop.example.com when their
little mail server chokes on 50k bounces an hour from yahoo for spam they
didn't send.

The costs of spam at isp.example are passed onto the user, they have a
business model which supports this. If the forwarder doesn't have such a
business, they may have to reconsider the services they offer.

Omelette v. Eggs, I suppose, or, better, TANSTAAFL.









--

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From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@ox.org>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Spooked mail addresses 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Sun, 08 Feb 2004 14:41:14 EST."
             <200402081941.i18JfEf10762@panix5.panix.com> 
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Seth Breidbart <sethb@panix.com> wrote:
> >  So such messages are *indistinguishable* from spam.
> 
> Only if you have a rather weak distinguisher.  There are a lot of ways
> to distinguish this message from spam,

  During the SMTP phase, before the message body is received?  Nope.

  There are very few, if any, ways to distinguish such messages from spam.

> If I use my own email address then it isn't forgery, period.

  You appear to be completely missing the point of my entire
argument.  *You* believe that such messages aren't spam, but you're
the originator.  Everyone already knows that the originators love
their messages, and want them to be recieved.

  As the recipient *I* don't know that such forged messages aren't
spam.

  If you're not going to address that problem, there isn't any point
in continuing this conversation.

> If you want to use that as a distinguishing characteristic, fine.  I'd
> claim that The New York Times is a "well-known and easily traceable
> source", though.

  Bully for you.  I may not agree.  I may not be able to configure my
mailer to magically "know" a near-infinite list of "well-known"
sources.

  Once again, how does my recipient MTA know this?  All you're talking
about is general concepts "of course you should trust the NYT".
OK... why?  How?  How do I express that trust, or enforce it in my
MTA?  so far, you've ignored that topic entirely.

> Apparently, the NY Times is willing to email articles on my bahelf to
> people when I ask it to, though it won't show them the article
> directly unless they register.  Their copyright, their business model,
> their toys, their rules.

  Bully for them.

  My business model is that I don't want to deal with people who forge
messages.  It's simply to expensive for me to verify those messages,
as the vast majority of spam I receive is forged.  So I have a
question for you:

  Should I be forced to accept such forged messages from the NY times?

  If the answer is "yes", then you're a spammer.

  If the answer is "no", then the NY times (and anyone else) must jump
through MY hoops in order to talk to me.  My MTA, my business model,
my rules.  If they don't like it, they don't have to talk to me.

  My reason for being involved in ASRG is to design a system where
*everyones* acceptance policies can be published, and used.

> They can do what they want.  If you don't like their business model,
> that isn't their problem.

  And if I don't like their business model, that's perfectly fine.

  Alan Dekok.

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From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@ox.org>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Fwd: [Asrg] Re: Documents for LMAP BOF] 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Sun, 08 Feb 2004 14:41:20 EST."
             <402690E0.9070906@solidmatrix.com> 
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Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com> wrote:
> or perhaps like this:
> 
> " LMAP is based on two concepts: publication of policy
>    data by a domain, and application of that data by a recipient
>    MTA.
> "

  That's pretty much the text in the -00 draft.  Was there any reason
it was changed for -01?

  Alan DeKok.

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From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@ox.org>
To: asrg@ietf.org
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Sun, 08 Feb 2004 09:42:00 +0100."
             <20040208084200.GA27990@danisch.de> 
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Hadmut Danisch <hadmut@danisch.de> wrote:
>  When I blamed them for 
> intentionally violating german intellectual property law, 

  Such as... ?

  Patents?  Trade secrets? Trademarks?

  Copyright is not intellectual property law, and a requirement for
submitting RFC's is that the author assign copyright to the Internet
Society.

  Alan DeKok.

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From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@ox.org>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: Documents for LMAP BOF 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Sat, 07 Feb 2004 22:22:14 EST."
             <4025AB66.4090400@zemos.net> 
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Philip Miller <millenix@zemos.net> wrote:
> Paragraph 2 is bluntly wrong. The intent of creating LMAP is that eventually 
> it WILL be used to reject mail, because it is assumed to be forged.

  Absolutely not.

  The intent is to publish information which lets the recipient MTA
make that decision.  This is a very different statement of intent than
what you wrote.

  I expect that *many* implementors of LMAP will choose to reject
non-compliant messages, but it would be inappropriate for anyone to
say that those MTA's are *required* to reject mail based on LMAP.

> I don't like how the comparison section phrases LMAP as a modification to 
> RFC 2821. I suspect that such wording will raise a lot of unnecessary 
> resistance to LMAP for no particular reason. I interpreted that part of RFC 
> 2821 to mean that recipient MTAs should not reject mail on the basis of the 
> the HELO name not resolving to the connecting IP or the connecting IP not 
> reverse-resolving to the HELO name. Following this interpretation, LMAP 
> suggests neither, and thus is no modification to 2821, only an application 
> of the liberties of "local policy"-based rejections.

  I agree.  The text in the -00 draft tried to explain this
distinction.

  The -01 document says: (2.2.5, page 7)

>> HELO/EHLO-based LMAP would
>>    modify RFC2821 by allowing the server to reject mail based on
>>    HELO/EHLO validation failure.

  I disagree completely.  The HELO/EHLO validation in RFC2821 is about
looking up the reverse IP of the originating MTA, and seeing if the
name returned is the same as the HELO/EHLO field.  LMAP does something
completely different, it looks up in the domain of the HELO/EHLO
field, to see if the originating IP is permitted to claim association
with that domain.

  Alan DeKok.

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From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@ox.org>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: 0. General - Bounces and Attachments 
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Jim Witte <jswitte@bloomington.in.us> wrote:
> >   e.g. I don't know who you are, and you want to send me a 1M message?
> >        sorry, you get 10 kbps.
> >
> >   e.g. You said you wanted to send me a 1k message, and you've just
> >        hit the 10k mark.  I think I'll hang up now, and blacklist you.
> 
>    I can do that now with a procmail filter.

  As you may have noticed, I was talking about doing this in the SMTP
stage, BEFORE the body of the message was received.  procmail is too
late in the sequence of events to matter much.

  Alan DeKok.

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From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@ox.org>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Its all over for Challenge Response 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Fri, 06 Feb 2004 19:31:36 EST."
             <20040207003136.GD10208@m450> 
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"Walter Dnes" <waltdnes@waltdnes.org> wrote:
>   Haven't you ever heard of smtp-submit (port 587) or ssh-tunneling or a
> web interface to email at another ISP ?

  Apparently not.  It's a perrenial excuse used to claim that roaming
users MUST forge messages, as there is NO other method for them to
send email.

  It's nonsense, and I don't understand why it keeps coming up.  The
repetition of this excuse is the reason why I wrote ~2 pages of
rebuttal in the LMAP discussion document.

  Alan DeKok.

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From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@ox.org>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Fwd: [Asrg] Re: Documents for LMAP BOF] 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Sun, 08 Feb 2004 17:17:20 EST."
             <4026B570.3080409@solidmatrix.com> 
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Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com> wrote:
> If the entire purpose of these proposals is to make sure that the sender 
> is who he claims to be according to DNS information,

  I would say "has permission to claim association with a domain"

>  than what we could 
> do is create an ESMTP extension to pass sender's information to the 
> server MTA which will be verified via DNS. Since we need to change MTA 
> software to support sender rewriting schemes, we might as well add a new 
> extension instead, to pass that information explicitly.

  Sounds fine to me.  Can we have a show of hands from people in the
IETF who are *not* opposed to modifying SMTP?

> Of course this is just devil's advocate speaking :)

  Yes, and there are standard arguments against it:

 - it will take too long to deploy
 - it won't stop spam.

  My responses are:

 - it will take less time to deploy than waiting forever for a perfect
   solution
 - it's not intended to stop spam.  It's intended to allow the
   recipient to better deal with the spam he does get.

  99.99% of the spam I get is forged.  Call me naive, but this says to
me that spammers believe that forgery is an important part of the
spamming process.

  This addition would also get rid of the forged viruses & worms.  If
nothing else, it would make it plainly obvious who's stupid enough to
run a system which gets viruses.  Right now, I don't get viruses, but
I get tons of spam from software by antivirus companies, claiming to
have found a virus in a message I sent.  The fact that the viruses are
forged, and that their "notifications" are spam, is something the
virus companies apparently don't get.

  Alan DeKok.

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From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@ox.org>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Fwd: [Asrg] Re: Documents for LMAP BOF] 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Sun, 08 Feb 2004 17:45:19 EST."
             <4026BBFF.5010507@solidmatrix.com> 
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Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com> wrote:
> Which brings us back to your original point - why do we want to 
> authenticate identity?

  I would suggest that for most cases, we don't.

> Identity of the incoming MTA or the sender by 
> itself will be meaningeless unless combined with some form of a 
> reputation system.

  We don't need a repudiation system if we have a live verification system.

> As for stopping forgery, since this operates only on the SMTP Session 
> level, it does not stop forgery of the mail content itself. Rather it 
> autheticates the SMTP transaction which lets the network administrators 
> complain to the originator. BUT, if the incoming IP is know, we know who 
> the admin is anyway, so what's the point to tie it in with a domain.

  Are you sure we know wo the admin is?  Some ISP's delegate IP's, and
then disclaim responsibility when their users abuse the net.  Are we
to hold that ISP responsible?

  My opinion would be to say "yes".  Everyone who contributes to the
creation of a problem is partially responsible for it.  The fewer
people who contribute to creating problems, the fewer problems.

  Alan DeKok.

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From: Hadmut Danisch <hadmut@danisch.de>
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Subject: [Asrg] Devilish: Forget about DNS
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Folks,

there has been a lot of discussion about how to cope with the 
limitations of stone age service DNS. 

DNS is difficult to extend for new record types, which makes 
it expensive to introduce a new record type like RMX RR.

The currently existing record types make it difficult to 
store the relevant information, as has been seen by many 
of the proposals so far, e.g. when people need to store
boolen values or integer numbers in A records. 
When you need to store more information, you need to 
perform special tricks to store them, like Microsoft's 
CallerID proposal, which assembles the information from several 
TXT entries.

And - last not least - we are struggling with the packet size
limitations and the dualism of UDP and TCP.



I'd like to initiate a new discussion thread with this 
proposal: Forget about DNS (except to use it for what it was 
built for).


We could use a much more modern and robust protocol, the 
famous and ubiquous HTTP. 

When we do receive a message from a domain   somedomain.com
sent from IP address   a.b.c.d
then we could simple contact the host 

    _lmap.somedomain.com   port 80

or - even better - get the SRV entry for 

    _tcp._lmap.somedomain.com

which would allow multiple servers, fallback servers, and
arbitrary ports.


At this port we could fetch from URL  /_lmap/somedomain.com 
(to allow the same server to serve several domains, and
receive whatever record format we're going to define, 
like simple entry lines, XML, ASN.1 or whatever. 
Need Caching? Just use any HTTP Cache. HTTP pretty well 
supports transmission of expiry information.

Even better: 
The record could contain a directive to do dynamic queries.
In this case we could query

   /_lmap/somedomain.com.query?ipv4=a.b.c.d

 or

  /_lmap/query?domain=somedomain.com&ipv4=a.b.c.d

Where the query could be virtually anything if describing it with
SPF's macro expansion (maybe include the receiving MTA's country, the
MessageID, the size,...).  This would allow to easily offer dynamic
services as described in
http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-danisch-scaf-00.txt

Additionally, could optionally provide some kind of security with HTTPS.


This is robust, easy to maintain, no need for large scale software
replacement, in simple cases it's just a file to be put on a
webserver, or people can write CGI scripts for any special case.

And today, virtually every domain owner should be able to have a 
file placed somewere on any web server. 

And updating the file is easier than with DNS's expiry mechanisms.


So all we need bloody DNS for is the A and maybe the SRV record to 
find the server. No tricks, no record type abuse, no hunting for 
lost TXT records. Just normal use of existing protocols exactly for
what they have been designed for. :-)


Hadmut


(I was too busy to follow all mailing lists within the last months.
Would anyone gimme a hint if this has been proposed already?)

























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From: "Hallam-Baker, Phillip" <pbaker@verisign.com>
To: "'Hadmut Danisch'" <hadmut@danisch.de>, smtp-verify@asrg.sp.am,
        ietf-mxcomp@imc.org, asrg@ietf.org
Subject: RE: [Asrg] Devilish: Forget about DNS
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> there has been a lot of discussion about how to cope with the 
> limitations of stone age service DNS. 
> 
> DNS is difficult to extend for new record types, which makes 
> it expensive to introduce a new record type like RMX RR.

It is also deployed and it works.

The problems with the extension mechanism are in my view dealt with by the
_protocol mechanism introduced in SRV and used in NAPTR as well as many of
the proposals on the table.


> And - last not least - we are struggling with the packet size
> limitations and the dualism of UDP and TCP.

The proposal to introduce XML into SPF makes a lot of sense if you expect
the DNS itself to be replaced at some point in the near future with
something XML based. 

I would not recommend going to HTTP or TCP here, I would look at using
something like DIME over UDP with a lightweight session layer - TCP is not
designed well for transactions of one to four packets.

Then we get into the usual issues, this has been proposed so often in the
past that there are strong immune responses tuned to reject anything like it
on sight in the IETF.


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"Alan DeKok" <aland@ox.org> wrote:
> Seth Breidbart <sethb@panix.com> wrote:
>> >  So such messages are *indistinguishable* from spam.
>> Only if you have a rather weak distinguisher.  There are a lot of ways
>> to distinguish this message from spam,
>
>  During the SMTP phase, before the message body is received?  Nope.

So you're looking for a way to distinguish spam from non-spam prior to
receiving the message?  It can't be done.  Period.

Proof:

1. Your mother signs up for an AOL account.  Using that account, going
   through AOL's mailserver, she sends you email.  Non-spam.

2. A spammer signs up for an AOL account.  Using that account, going
   through AOL's mailserver, she sends you email.  Spam.

>> If I use my own email address then it isn't forgery, period.
>
>  You appear to be completely missing the point of my entire
> argument.  *You* believe that such messages aren't spam, but you're
> the originator.

Do you know the difference between "spam" and "forgery"?  I didn't say
that somebody using his own address makes the message non-spam, I said
it makes it non-forged.

>  As the recipient *I* don't know that such forged messages aren't
> spam.

*You* apparently don't even know that such non-forged messages aren't
forged.

>  Once again, how does my recipient MTA know this?  All you're talking
> about is general concepts "of course you should trust the NYT".
> OK... why?  How?  How do I express that trust, or enforce it in my
> MTA?  so far, you've ignored that topic entirely.

How do you trust _any other_ sender?

>  My business model is that I don't want to deal with people who forge
> messages.

You apparently don't want to deal with people who use their own email
addresses through sending MTAs you haven't blessed.  That's fine with
me.

>  Should I be forced to accept such forged messages from the NY times?

Of course not.  You shouldn't be _forced_ to accept any message, for
any reason or no reason.  Remember, I'm the person whose home computer
will not accept email from any IP address that's a prime number.  My
toys, my rules.

>  If the answer is "no", then the NY times (and anyone else) must jump
> through MY hoops in order to talk to me.  My MTA, my business model,
> my rules.  If they don't like it, they don't have to talk to me.

That's right.  All that I'm objecting to is your _mischaracterizing_
what is being done as "forgery".

Seth

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From: Hadmut Danisch <hadmut@danisch.de>
To: Patrik =?iso-8859-1?B?RuRsdHN0cvZt?= <paf@cisco.com>
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Subject: [Asrg] Re: Devilish: Forget about DNS
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On Mon, Feb 09, 2004 at 06:11:57PM +0100, Patrik F=E4ltstr=F6m wrote:
> On 2004-02-09, at 17.50, Hadmut Danisch wrote:
>=20
> >DNS is difficult to extend for new record types, which makes
> >it expensive to introduce a new record type like RMX RR.
>=20
> I don't agree with this.
>=20
> I think we should start the discussion right here. What do you base=20
> this information on?


I proposed to introduce a new RR with the first version of the=20
RMX draft in December 2002. Since then I'm drowning in mails like
"How can you dare...", "We don't want...", "Too many old DNS=20
servers, which can't be replaced...", "Too expensive...", "Too
much overhead...", "Will take 10-20 years...", "We don't support
this...", "Proprietary DNS server, can't be extended...", "Needs to
replace billions of DNS client softare..." and much, much more of
that.=20

The other problem is that many, many people complained that they
would need to change the firewall or even network structure because
records would grow beyond 512 bytes and require TCP queries.=20
As if many of today's DNS records wouldn't be longer than 512 bytes
anyway.=20

But if we accept to query DNS records with TCP, why, after all, should=20
we bother to fetch all entries and to stitch information together from=20
differen TXT and A records or a new record type? HTTP is just perfect
for fetching a record of any data type and any length. And it exists.=20
No need to replace or update HTTP servers.

All we need is to find the HTTP server which is competent to give the=20
answer. Finding the HTTP server is a DNS task, that's what DNS is=20
designed to do.

And a HTTP query is imho significantly better than trying to fetch=20
several records throuth DNS/TCP and trying to stitch them together
(and no way to trigger the DNS server to refetch missing records).



Hadmut




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On Mon, Feb 09, 2004 at 09:14:00AM -0800, Hallam-Baker, Phillip wrote:
> 
> I would not recommend going to HTTP or TCP here, I would look at using
> something like DIME over UDP with a lightweight session layer - TCP is not
> designed well for transactions of one to four packets.


On the contrary: While I agree with you on one hand, the network
carries tons of HTTP queries which are answered with one to four
packets, and nobody cares about. So why should it be worse to 
fetch RMX/LMAP/whatever records the same way?


The TCP with few packets proplem is a separate problem. Let someone
else improve HTTP and benefit once this will be done in future.

Hadmut

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On 2004-02-09, at 17.50, Hadmut Danisch wrote:

> DNS is difficult to extend for new record types, which makes
> it expensive to introduce a new record type like RMX RR.

I don't agree with this.

I think we should start the discussion right here. What do you base 
this information on?

(I had this view some 5 years ago, but was convinced I was wrong...and 
now I am on the other side ;-)

     paf


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After spending 20 more minutes to think about I'd go somewhat
more into detail:


If wanting to fetch the record for   somedomain.com

do a DNS query for  A, SRV and TXT record (or ANY) on


_lmap.somedomain.com     (violates the SRV RFC a little bit, but
			 for sake of efficiency)



If a SRV record is found then
  
   try the servers as described in the SRV records

elsif A records are found then

   try on of them or one after another, Port 80

else

   error, no record available.

end


If TXT record available then

  run it through maxcro expansion for sender name, IP address, 
  MessageID,...  and take this as the URL to query.
  (if macro after first '?' then protect special characters as
  usual in URL query parameters)

else

  use default URL  /_lmap/somedomain.com

end

-> Fetch record and evaluate




Hadmut



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Organization: SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc.
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Subject: [Asrg] 0. General - Call for papers for the VB2004 conference
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Helen Martin of Virus Bulletin Magazine asked me to forward this to the 
main list.

Yakov

--------------------------------------------------------------------
VB2004: Call for papers

Virus Bulletin is seeking submissions from those wishing to present at
VB2004, the Fourteenth Virus Bulletin International Conference, which will
take place on 29 September to 1 October 2004 at the Fairmont Chicago,
Illinois, USA.

While past VB conferences have been focused exclusively on anti-virus
technologies and malware threats, VB2004 will also cover spam and anti-spam
techniques. Submissions are invited on all subjects relevant to the
anti-virus and anti-spam arenas.

Abstracts of approximately 200 words must reach the Editor of Virus
Bulletin no later than Wednesday 31 March 2004. Abstracts should be sent as
RTF or plain text files to editor@virusbtn.com.

Further details of the paper submission and selection process including a
list of suggested topics for papers, can be found at
http://www.virusbtn.com/conference/.
--------------------------------------------------------------------


-------
Yakov Shafranovich / asrg <at> shaftek.org
SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc. / research <at> solidmatrix.com
"All that is gold does not glitter" (LOTR)
-------

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From: Dave Crocker <dhc@dcrocker.net>
Organization: Brandenburg InternetWorking
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To: Hadmut Danisch <hadmut@danisch.de>
CC: smtp-verify@asrg.sp.am, ietf-mxcomp@imc.org, asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Devilish: Forget about DNS
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Hadmut,

HD> We could use a much more modern and robust protocol, the
HD> famous and ubiquous HTTP. 

Let's see if I understand your proposal:

You want to stop using a distributed lookup service that has worked well
for 15 years, and you want to replace it with a point-to-point document
retrieval service?

Oh, no.  That's wrong.  You want to continue using DNS 'for what it was
built' which is mapping between names and addresses. You just don't want
to use it for this particular, new name/address mapping.

And, by the way, most of the difficulties making changes that you cite
have to do with implementation and operation, not protocol.

d/
--
 Dave Crocker <dcrocker-at-brandenburg-dot-com>
 Brandenburg InternetWorking <www.brandenburg.com>
 Sunnyvale, CA  USA <tel:+1.408.246.8253>


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From: Hadmut Danisch <hadmut@danisch.de>
To: Dave Crocker <dhc@dcrocker.net>
Cc: smtp-verify@asrg.sp.am, ietf-mxcomp@imc.org, asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Devilish: Forget about DNS
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On Mon, Feb 09, 2004 at 10:06:21AM -0800, Dave Crocker wrote:
> Hadmut,
> 
> HD> We could use a much more modern and robust protocol, the
> HD> famous and ubiquous HTTP. 
> 
> Let's see if I understand your proposal:
> 
> You want to stop using a distributed lookup service that has worked well
> for 15 years, and you want to replace it with a point-to-point document
> retrieval service?


No. You don't understand my proposal.




 
> Oh, no.  That's wrong.  You want to continue using DNS 'for what it was
> built' which is mapping between names and addresses. You just don't want
> to use it for this particular, new name/address mapping.


No. Again, you don't understand my proposal. 



I just don't want to use DNS to this particular, new 
name ->  lmap record mapping, where the record is some
arbitrary octet sequence of maybe several kilobytes.

DNS has never been built oder designed for that purpose.
So how could it be wrong to not use DNS for something it
has not been made for?


And, furthermore, analysis of all the comments I received for 
my RMX drafts and recent discussions showed that some domains
would need to dynamically generate the records depending on the 
query (see the hotmail example in 
http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-danisch-scaf-00.txt



DNS is currently completely unable to provide dynamically generated
replies. HTTP servers can easily do that (CGI).


Again: I don't want to replace DNS in any way. I just don't want to 
invent a new use for DNS which DNS can't do properly. That's all.

regards
Hadmut


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From exim@www1.ietf.org  Mon Feb  9 13:53:42 2004
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Subject: RE: [Asrg] Devilish: Forget about DNS
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Just My $0.02 here....

This sounds *A LOT LIKE* a "Web Service" ... and I think I see what you mean
about DNS Vs. HTTP ....

It should be very doable to have a "Lookup Service" that replies with data
based on the query submitted. 

Just my bit on what I read....

-----Original Message-----
From: asrg-admin@ietf.org [mailto:asrg-admin@ietf.org] On Behalf Of Hadmut
Danisch
Sent: Monday, February 09, 2004 1:21 PM
To: Dave Crocker
Cc: smtp-verify@asrg.sp.am; ietf-mxcomp@imc.org; asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Devilish: Forget about DNS

On Mon, Feb 09, 2004 at 10:06:21AM -0800, Dave Crocker wrote:
> Hadmut,
> 
> HD> We could use a much more modern and robust protocol, the
> HD> famous and ubiquous HTTP. 
> 
> Let's see if I understand your proposal:
> 
> You want to stop using a distributed lookup service that has worked well
> for 15 years, and you want to replace it with a point-to-point document
> retrieval service?


No. You don't understand my proposal.




 
> Oh, no.  That's wrong.  You want to continue using DNS 'for what it was
> built' which is mapping between names and addresses. You just don't want
> to use it for this particular, new name/address mapping.


No. Again, you don't understand my proposal. 



I just don't want to use DNS to this particular, new 
name ->  lmap record mapping, where the record is some
arbitrary octet sequence of maybe several kilobytes.

DNS has never been built oder designed for that purpose.
So how could it be wrong to not use DNS for something it
has not been made for?


And, furthermore, analysis of all the comments I received for 
my RMX drafts and recent discussions showed that some domains
would need to dynamically generate the records depending on the 
query (see the hotmail example in 
http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-danisch-scaf-00.txt



DNS is currently completely unable to provide dynamically generated
replies. HTTP servers can easily do that (CGI).


Again: I don't want to replace DNS in any way. I just don't want to 
invent a new use for DNS which DNS can't do properly. That's all.

regards
Hadmut


_______________________________________________
Asrg mailing list
Asrg@ietf.org
https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg


_______________________________________________
Asrg mailing list
Asrg@ietf.org
https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg



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Alan DeKok wrote:
> Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com> wrote:
> 
>>or perhaps like this:
>>
>>" LMAP is based on two concepts: publication of policy
>>   data by a domain, and application of that data by a recipient
>>   MTA.
>>"
> 
> 
>   That's pretty much the text in the -00 draft.  Was there any reason
> it was changed for -01?
> 

The current draft is here:

http://asrg.kavi.com/apps/group_public/download.php/31/draft-irtf-asrg-lmap-discussion-00.txt

It states as follows:

"
    LMAP is based on two concepts: publication of authentication
    data by a domain, and application of that data by a recipient
    MTA.
"

This was in response to Hadmut's comment that the original defition was 
imprecise.

Yakov
-------
Yakov Shafranovich / asrg <at> shaftek.org
SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc. / research <at> solidmatrix.com
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safety deserve neither liberty nor safety" (Benjamin Franklin)
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The LMAP Discussion document has been submitted as an Internet draft. We 
have until February 16th to submit a follow up -01 draft. A copy can be 
found here:

http://asrg.kavi.com/apps/group_public/download.php/31/draft-irtf-asrg-lmap-discussion-00.txt

Yakov
-------
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SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc. / research <at> solidmatrix.com
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smallest" (Jean de la Fontaine)
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Subject: Re: [Fwd: [Asrg] Re: Documents for LMAP BOF]
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Hallam-Baker, Phillip wrote:
>>  99.99% of the spam I get is forged.  Call me naive, but this says to
>>me that spammers believe that forgery is an important part of the
>>spamming process.
> 
> 
> The way I look at it the spammers are using the forgery to get round the
> existing filter technology and blacklists. Deny them that tool and the
> existing mechanisms become more effective.
> 
> it is a geschtalt thing.
> 

What I find problematic is that there is an existing identity in email - 
IP addresses. If blacklists are made to be more feature rich, possibly 
becoming reputation services, that might help. So I am not sure why 
going to domain identity or sender identity makes a difference. One 
compelling argument made so far is that IP owners do not care if their 
identity gets stolen, but domain owners and senders do. IF you raise the 
cost for IP owners, they will start to care.

My second problem, is that there are multiple ways to introduce sender 
identity into email. We should stop back for a second, and look at the 
problem from a bird's eye view. If we were to be designed the email 
system from scratch, how would sender identity be implemented? Would 
spam still exist in such system?

Yakov
-------
Yakov Shafranovich / asrg <at> shaftek.org
SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc. / research <at> solidmatrix.com
"I ate your Web page. / Forgive me. It was juicy / And tart on my 
tongue." (MIT's 404 Message)
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Alan DeKok wrote:
> Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com> wrote:
> 
>>If the entire purpose of these proposals is to make sure that the sender 
>>is who he claims to be according to DNS information,
> 
>   I would say "has permission to claim association with a domain"
> 
>> than what we could 
>>do is create an ESMTP extension to pass sender's information to the 
>>server MTA which will be verified via DNS. Since we need to change MTA 
>>software to support sender rewriting schemes, we might as well add a new 
>>extension instead, to pass that information explicitly.
> 
> 
>   Sounds fine to me.  Can we have a show of hands from people in the
> IETF who are *not* opposed to modifying SMTP?
> 

I am not talking about modifying SMTP itself, rather adding an optional 
ESMTP extension to it. Servers using this extension would be 
whitelisted, giving people incentive to use it. Servers, that do not 
will be treated like they are today. The underlying SMTP protocol will 
not be modified in any way.

In SMTP AUTH RFC there is an AUTH parameter for the MAIL FROM command 
which indicates the sender. If you use some similar mechanism to pass 
sender information, you do not have to mess around with changing the 
semantics of the envelope sender that are defined in RFC 2821.

Of course, that would assume that you trust the MTA which brings us back 
to two separate problems:
1. We are trying to authenticate the incoming MTA.
2. We are trying to authenticate the relationsh between the sender's 
domain and the incoming MTA.

DRIP addresses #1, while the other LMAP proposals address #2. What I see 
as a problem is that sender's identity is not being explicitly given, 
rather it is implied from #2. I would be much happier if the incoming 
MTA would pass me the sender's identity and the question of 
authentication of MTAs would be separate.

For example, with DRIP you can tie MTAs to domains and then to a 
reputation service for IPs/domains of incoming MTAs. Then you would have 
a separate mechanism for passing the sender's identity. This would 
protect you from having trusted MTAs relay spam from hijacked computers 
  since the two identities will remain separate.

>   99.99% of the spam I get is forged.  Call me naive, but this says to
> me that spammers believe that forgery is an important part of the
> spamming process.
> 

Well the question is, imagine is the email system had identity. Would it 
have made a difference?

Yakov
-------
Yakov Shafranovich / asrg <at> shaftek.org
SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc. / research <at> solidmatrix.com
"Be liberal in what you accept, and conservative in what you send" (Jon 
Postel)
-------

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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Devilish: Forget about DNS
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Dave Crocker wrote:
> Oh, no.  That's wrong.  You want to continue using DNS 'for what it was
> built' which is mapping between names and addresses. You just don't want
> to use it for this particular, new name/address mapping.
> 

RMX/LMAP drafts address the question of relationships between a given 
domain and a given MTA's IP address. There is nothing wrong with using 
DNS for this purpose and as a matter of fact, the XMPP draft uses a very 
  similar mechanism via DNS.

HOWEVER, if you want to store sender's identity in DNS that is a 
different question. Then, I would agree with Hadmut that DNS was not 
designed to store information about specific email accounts.

Yakov
-------
Yakov Shafranovich / asrg <at> shaftek.org
SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc. / research <at> solidmatrix.com
  "Why are both drug addicts and computer aficionados both called 
users?" (Clifford Stoll)
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Subject: RE: [Asrg] Devilish: Forget about DNS
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> Oh, no.  That's wrong.  You want to continue using DNS 'for 
> what it was
> built' which is mapping between names and addresses. You just 
> don't want
> to use it for this particular, new name/address mapping.

Actually Paul Mockapetris stated in a recent interview that the DNS was
intended to be more than a mapping from DNS names to IP addresses. Jon
had thought it could do more from the start.

The thing that makes DNS work is the fact that the query type supported
is very weak, exact match only, wildcards are really a default mechanism 
rather than a true wildcard match you would get in X.500.

	Phill 

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Patrik F=E4ltstr=F6m wrote:

> I see several issues here:
>=20
>> I proposed to introduce a new RR with the first version of the
>> RMX draft in December 2002. Since then I'm drowning in mails like
>> "How can you dare...", "We don't want...", "Too many old DNS
>> servers, which can't be replaced..."
>=20
>=20
> Three problems here:
>=20
> (1) The zone file syntax might not be able to handle a new RR _name_=20
> because of parser issues
> (2) The zone file syntax might not be able to handle a numeric RR type
> (3) A caching resolver might not be able to cache an unknown RR
>=20
> Out of these (3) is broken software. (2) is problematic and (1) is=20
> something users have to manage.
>=20

I would like to add to this that XMPP uses SRV records to verify the=20
domain name/server IP relationship. See=20
http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-xmpp-core-22.txt, section=20
14.3.

Yakov
-------
Yakov Shafranovich / asrg <at> shaftek.org
SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc. / research <at> solidmatrix.com
"But in this world nothing can be said to be certain, except death and=20
taxes" (Benjamin Franklin)
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In-Reply-To: <20040209172720.GA13347@danisch.de>
References: <20040209165004.GA12761@danisch.de> <1141F1C8-5B23-11D8-B0AE-000A959CF516@cisco.com> <20040209172720.GA13347@danisch.de>
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From: =?ISO-8859-1?Q?Patrik_F=E4ltstr=F6m?= <paf@cisco.com>
To: Hadmut Danisch <hadmut@danisch.de>
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Subject: [Asrg] Re: Devilish: Forget about DNS
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I see several issues here:

> I proposed to introduce a new RR with the first version of the
> RMX draft in December 2002. Since then I'm drowning in mails like
> "How can you dare...", "We don't want...", "Too many old DNS
> servers, which can't be replaced..."

Three problems here:

(1) The zone file syntax might not be able to handle a new RR _name_ 
because of parser issues
(2) The zone file syntax might not be able to handle a numeric RR type
(3) A caching resolver might not be able to cache an unknown RR

Out of these (3) is broken software. (2) is problematic and (1) is 
something users have to manage.

> , "Too expensive...",

Expensive?

> "Too
> much overhead...",

???

> "Will take 10-20 years...", "We don't support
> this...", "Proprietary DNS server, can't be extended...",

Well, NAPTR and SRV took not so many years, and in reality a new round 
of patches for Bind.

Remember that we talk about something which is to be visible in the 
global DNS, which normally public DNS software is in use. The 
proprietary stuff is normally hidden inside enterprises (or should be 
replaced anyway).

> "Needs to
> replace billions of DNS client softare..."

No. This I do not agree with. I have not seen any library which can not 
query for random RR types. Of course, programmers might be lazy and can 
not write their own code which parse a new RR type, but this is not an 
argument for me.

For example (good or bad example, you decide...) implementing ENUM 
using NAPTR as part of IOS in Cisco Routers was not a big deal from a 
DNS point of view.

> and much, much more of
> that.

Yes, a lot of people say these things....but I have not heard for 
example people in the DNSEXT wg say such things. They instead say 
things like "don't overload RR type values in the names (like SRV)" and 
"don't overload use in RR types (like TXT and NAPTR)".

> The other problem is that many, many people complained that they
> would need to change the firewall or even network structure because
> records would grow beyond 512 bytes and require TCP queries.
> As if many of today's DNS records wouldn't be longer than 512 bytes
> anyway.

Correct. Two issues here:

(1) I see a larger risk the rr set expands above 512 bytes if we do NOT 
use a specialized RR type which minimize the size of the data, and the 
size of the RR set when sending a query.
(2) If they have a firewall which doesn't allow DNS over TCP, they have 
other problems already.

> But if we accept to query DNS records with TCP, why, after all, should
> we bother to fetch all entries and to stitch information together from
> differen TXT and A records or a new record type?

We don't want to use TCP.

> HTTP is just perfect
> for fetching a record of any data type and any length. And it exists.
> No need to replace or update HTTP servers.

No, HTTP is not fun. Any implementation of HTTP is multiple degrees 
harder to implement that DNS. Have you read the spec?

> All we need is to find the HTTP server which is competent to give the
> answer. Finding the HTTP server is a DNS task, that's what DNS is
> designed to do.
>
> And a HTTP query is imho significantly better than trying to fetch
> several records throuth DNS/TCP and trying to stitch them together
> (and no way to trigger the DNS server to refetch missing records).

If you need to first use DNS, and then some other protocol, then this 
other protocol should be defined so it solves the problem which is to 
be solved. We should not get a bulldozer to try to catch flies.

See for example RFC 3205.

     paf


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From: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>
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Subject: [Asrg] 2. Improving Blacklists and Reputation Services
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I would like to pose a question to the group. The IP address of the 
incoming MTA is the only sure thing that we possess today that cannot be 
easily spoofed (BGP attacks aside). There are numerous blacklist and 
reputation services out there that carry and store information about IP 
addresses. With an LMAP-type proposal like DRIP, this information can 
also be keyed by domain name.

All of this implies that reputation services such as blacklists will 
continue to exist. However, a major problem has been with these services 
is that they provide a binary yes/no answer. Many commercial ISPs would 
like to make the decisions themselves. Filters such as SpamAssasin would 
probably be better off basing data on a larger scale than a simple yes 
or no.

Taking all of this into account, I ask the following:
1. Is it feasible to develop a standard format and protocols for storing 
and quering data from reputation services?
2. Is it feasible for such format to be feature rich providing more data 
than a simple yes/no. Meng Wong of SPF proposed on his list a while back 
something like how many messages sent by MTA, how many were spam, etc., 
akin to what SenderBase does.
3. Can this be supplemented by accrediation formats and protocols?
4. Would any of this improve blacklists?
5. Would all of this reduce spam?

Feel free to forward this message to other lists, and NANAE.

Yakov
-------
Yakov Shafranovich / asrg <at> shaftek.org
SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc. / research <at> solidmatrix.com
"I ate your Web page. / Forgive me. It was juicy / And tart on my 
tongue." (MIT's 404 Message)
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Organization: SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc.
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Subject: [Asrg] 3b. SMTP Session Verification - SPF Draft submitted as an Internet
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SPF has been submitted as an Internet draft. A copy of it can be found
here until its get posted by the ID admin:

http://spf.pobox.com/draft-mengwong-spf-00.txt

Yakov

-------
Yakov Shafranovich / asrg <at> shaftek.org
SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc. / research <at> solidmatrix.com
"I want to know G-d's thoughts... the rest are details" (Albert Einstein)
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From exim@www1.ietf.org  Mon Feb  9 16:13:48 2004
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From: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>
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The SMTP-VERIFY subgroup has been officially started, mailing list 
archive can be found here:

http://news.gmane.org/gmane.ietf.asrg.smtpverify/

Interesting parties who want to join should contact the chairs off-list.

Yakov
-------
Yakov Shafranovich / asrg <at> shaftek.org
SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc. / research <at> solidmatrix.com
"And this too shall come to pass"
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Subject: RE: [Asrg] 2. Improving Blacklists and Reputation Services
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> 1. Is it feasible to develop a standard format and protocols 
> for storing 
> and quering data from reputation services?

Yes, see the attached.

> 2. Is it feasible for such format to be feature rich 
> providing more data 
> than a simple yes/no. Meng Wong of SPF proposed on his list a 
> while back 
> something like how many messages sent by MTA, how many were 
> spam, etc.,  akin to what SenderBase does.

You could do that, but you have to take account of the fact that the filter
is going to have lots of factors to apply in any case. For example how
reliable is the information source, does it talk about every email sender or
just some? Is it whitelist or blacklist?

If you go into too much detail you impose a model on the solution that is
probably unnecessary and is going to limit what people can do.

I think it is better to simply use the standard A pointer blacklist type
hack and then have a metadata record that tells the filter how it thinks the
information should be interpreted.

> 3. Can this be supplemented by accrediation formats and protocols?

Yes, but the volumes of mail are large, you probably don't want to do more
than DNS lookup in the first pass.

> 4. Would any of this improve blacklists?

Yes, the big problem at the moment is that blacklists are not accountable to
any party. They tend to operate by attempting to ram the arbitrary policies
they choose down every sender's throat.

I think it is better to have the sender say what they their sending policy
is. If they state outright 'I send unsolicited mail to anyone I choose' then
recipients get to say no. If they say 'I send only mail to people who ask
for it by quintuple opt-in' and someone catches them spamming, well they
chose the empirical test that they failled.

> 5. Would all of this reduce spam?

Yes.

I think that it will happen gradually. In the first phases people will use
SPF to stop their domain being joe jobbed. Given that there is so much joe
job spam that gains credits in spam assasin or whatever.

In the next phase you add in an accreditation element. This could be a paid
service, voluntary, whatever the sender chooses. There will be a lot of
different programs for different purposes. I suspect we will have the
standard honeypot approach and blacklists that simply report spam sent to
honeypots from certain domains. These work pretty well provided people do
not imagine that the honeypots are infallible. ISPs and others do not
control their customers as absolutely as some anti-spam zealots claim they
should.

There will also be paid schemes similar to that used for authenticating SSL
cert customers. SSL is not an infalible anti-CC fraud protocol, merchants
can commit abuse after the data has arrived. But it reduces fraud to a very
major degree.

Then you will have your Gates endorsed, TrustE style bonded sender ideas.
Spammers pay.

		Phill


------_=_NextPart_000_01C3EF51.06EE3610
Content-Type: text/plain;
	name="accreditation.txt"
Content-Disposition: attachment;
	filename="accreditation.txt"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable




         SPF Working Group                                              =
     =20
         Internet Draft                                       P. =
Hallam-Baker=20
         Document: draft-spf-accreditation-00.txt               =
VeriSign Inc.=20
         Expires: July 2004                                      =
January 2004=20
         =20
         =20
                               SPF Accreditation Profile=20
         =20
         =20
      Status of this Memo=20
         =20
         This document is an Internet-Draft and is NOT offered in =
accordance=20
         with Section 10 of RFC2026, and the author does not provide =
the IETF=20
         with any rights other than to publish as an Internet-Draft =20
      =20
         Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet =
Engineering=20
         Task Force (IETF), its areas, and its working groups.  Note =
that     =20
         other groups may also distribute working documents as =
Internet-
         Drafts.=20
         =20
         Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six =
months=20
         and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents =
at any=20
         time.  It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference =

         material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."=20
         =20
         The list of current Internet-Drafts can be accessed at=20
              http://www.ietf.org/ietf/1id-abstracts.txt=20
         The list of Internet-Draft Shadow Directories can be accessed =
at=20
              http://www.ietf.org/shadow.html.=20
         =20
      Abstract=20
         =20
         This document describes the SPF accreditation mechanism.=20
         =20
         An accreditation is a description by a third party that =
describes an=20
         email sender in some way that helps the recipient estimate the =

         likelihood that a message authenticated as being originated by =
the=20
         sender is spam. =20
      =20
      Conventions used in this document=20
         =20
         The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL =
NOT",=20
         "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED",  "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" =
in this=20
         document are to be interpreted as described in RFC-2119 [1].=20
         =20
      Table of Contents=20
         =20

      =20
      =20
      Hallam-Baker             Expires - July 2004                 =
[Page 1]=20
=0C                            SPF Accreditation Profile          =
January 2004=20
      =20
      =20

         1. =
Introduction..................................................2=20
            1.1 Accreditation =
Authorities.................................2=20
            1.2 Accreditation =
Statements..................................3=20
            1.3 Publication of Accreditation =
Statements...................4=20
            1.4 Interpretation of Accreditation =
Statements................4=20
         2. DNS Publication of Accreditation =
Statements...................5=20
            2.1 Accreditation Authority Description TXT =
Record............5=20
            2.2 Sender Recipient A =
Record.................................5=20
            2.3 Sender Recipient TXT =
Record...............................5=20
         3. Filter Interpretation =
Guidelines..............................5=20
            3.1 Establishing Provider =
Reputation..........................5=20
            3.2 Combining =
Accreditations..................................6=20
         4. Security =
Considerations.......................................6=20
            4.1 Unauthenticated or Wrongly Authenticated =
Sender...........6=20
            4.2 Untrustworthy Accreditation =
Provider......................6=20
            4.3 DNS Security =
Issues.......................................7=20
         =
References.......................................................7=20
         =
Acknowledgments..................................................7=20
         Author's =
Addresses...............................................7=20
         =20
         =20
      1. Introduction=20
      =20
      An accreditation is a statement by a third party that the =
recipient of an email may 
      use to estimate the probability that the sender is a spammer.=20
      =20
      1.1 Accreditation Authorities=20
         =20
         An Accreditation Authority is a third party that is =
responsible for=20
         making statements that describe email senders. =20
         =20
         Accreditation Authorities MAY be restricted or unrestricted. A =

         restricted accreditation authority only publishes statements =
that=20
         relate to a restricted number of email senders. An =
unrestricted=20
         accreditation authority publishes statements for all email =
senders.=20
         =20
         An accreditation authority may take additional measures to =
improve=20
         the value of their accreditation, for example bringing civil =
suits=20
         against parties that breach the undertakings given.=20
      =20
      Accountability of Accreditation Authorities=20
      =20
         Experience of anti-spam blacklists has shown that those who =
attempt=20
         to provide accountability must in turn be accountable.=20
         =20
         There is no difficulty in ensuring that accreditation =
providers are=20
         accountable to email recipients. An accreditation authority =
that=20

      =20
      =20
      <Lastname>               Expires - July 2004                 =
[Page 2]=20
=0C                            SPF Accreditation Profile          =
January 2004=20
      =20
      =20

         provides incorrect accreditation will soon be ignored. The =
value of=20
         an accreditation may be measured empirically by measuring the=20
         proportion of the message sent bearing a particular =
accreditation=20
         that are determined to be spam (e.g. through user reports).=20
         =20
         If the ability to measure the value of an accreditation agency =
is to=20
         be of use to the recipient it must be possible for new =
accreditation=20
         providers to offer their services without artificial barriers =
to=20
         entry such as magic lists of =91approved=92 providers.=20
         =20
         One way to avoid this problem is to allow email senders to =
specify=20
         the accreditation providers they favor. Although it is =
unlikely that=20
         any individual would specify an accreditation provider that =
gave them=20
         a bad rating, an accreditation service that had established a=20
         sufficiently high reputation on the basis of its positive=20
         accreditations could offer to supply negative ratings.=20
         =20
         This mechanism offers substantial advantages over the current=20
         situation in which maintainers of anti-spam blacklists are=20
         effectively unaccountable to any party. Accreditation services =
are=20
         held accountable to both senders and receivers.  =20
         =20
      Practices Considerations=20
         =20
         As a trusted third party the actions of an Accreditation =
Authority=20
         are raise numerous legal issues. These issues are outside the =
scope=20
         of this document. =20
         =20
      1.2 Accreditation Statements=20
         =20
         At present a large number of different parties act as =
Accreditation=20
         Authorities with respect to sending of email. Blacklists =
attempt to=20
         identify bad faith actors while whitelists look to identify =
good=20
         faith actors. Whitelist accreditations may involve a simple =
promise=20
         not to spam or a promise that is backed up by some form of =
penalty=20
         such as the forfeiture of a bond or the publication of =
negative=20
         reputation data.=20
         =20
         Despite the wide variety in the types of data Accreditation=20
         Authorities provide the inferences that anti-spam filtering=20
         techniques attempt to draw are the same, is a particular item =
of=20
         email likely or unlikely to be spam. For this reason we leave =
the=20
         details of the accreditation mechanism to the Accreditation=20
         Authority.=20
         =20



      =20
      =20
      <Lastname>               Expires - July 2004                 =
[Page 3]=20
=0C                            SPF Accreditation Profile          =
January 2004=20
      =20
      =20

         An accreditation authority MAY publish any form of =
accreditation=20
         statement they choose. The following types of statement are =
likely to=20
         be of greatest utility.=20
      =20
      Identity Accreditation=20
      =20
         The email sender has provided a real world identity and a =
physical=20
         address at which legal process can be served and this =
information has=20
         been authenticated by means of some trustworthy process.=20
      =20
      Undertaking Accreditation=20
      =20
         In addition to meeting the identity accreditation =
requirements, the=20
         email sender has undertaken to comply with a specified email =
sending=20
         policy.=20
      =20
      Reputation Accreditation=20
      =20
         In addition to meeting the undertaking accreditation =
requirements,=20
         the email sender has been determined to be in compliance with =
those=20
         requirements=20
      =20
      1.3 Publication of Accreditation Statements=20
         =20
         Accreditation statements are published by means of an =
extension of=20
         the existing mechanism used for publication of anti-spam =
blacklists=20
         via DNS.=20
         =20
         An accreditation statement is published by means of the DNS A =
record.=20
         To avoid collisions with other uses of the DNS addresses in =
the=20
         127.0.x.x loopback address range are used.=20
         =20
         [TBS]=20
      =20
      1.4 Accreditation Authority Meta Data=20
         =20
         The domain prefix specified for an accreditation service MAY =
contain=20
         a record that describes the use of the particular =
accreditation=20
         service with the key _accredit.=20
         =20
      1.5 Interpretation of Accreditation Statements=20
         =20
         Email recipients MAY interpret Accreditation Statements in any =

         fashion they choose, including regarding an Accreditation =
Statement=20
         as a negative indicator.=20
         =20


      =20
      =20
      <Lastname>               Expires - July 2004                 =
[Page 4]=20
=0C                            SPF Accreditation Profile          =
January 2004=20
      =20
      =20

         The reputation of the Accreditation Authority MUST be =
considered=20
         suspect until proven reliable.=20
      =20
      2. DNS Publication of Accreditation Statements=20
      =20
      2.1 Accreditation Authority Description TXT Record=20
         =20
             type:{ identity | undertaking | reputation }=20
                The type of accreditation provided as described in the=20
                introduction.=20
             =20
             open:<boolean>=20
                If true the accreditation service is open and MAY be =
consulted=20
                to obtain information even if the sender does not list =
the=20
                service as an accreditor.=20
             =20
             protocol: {dns-a | dns-txt | other }=20
                The protocol by which the accreditation may be =
retrieved. The=20
                keyword dns-a specifies that the accreditation record =
is=20
                encoded as a DNS A record. The keyword dns-txt =
specifies that=20
                the accreditation record is encoded as a DNS TXT =
record.=20
             =20
             length:<integer>=20
                The number of bits in the record value that have =
significance. =20
             =20
             scale: {log2 | log10 | linear | none}=20
                The scale to be applied when comparing the =
corresponding=20
                record values.=20
      =20
      2.2 Sender Recipient A Record=20
         =20
         The least significant 16 bits of the A record are interpreted =
as=20
         directed by the description TXT record.=20
      =20
      2.3 Sender Recipient TXT Record=20
         =20
         Option here to add in more descriptive information.=20
      =20
      3. Filter Interpretation Guidelines=20
      =20
         An email filter MAY make any use it chooses of information =
provided.=20
      =20
      3.1 Establishing Provider Reputation=20
         =20
         It is suggested that email filters SHOULD determine weightings =
to=20
         assign to accreditation notices from particular Accreditation=20
         Authorities by means of empirical measurement of their =
effectiveness=20

      =20
      =20
      <Lastname>               Expires - July 2004                 =
[Page 5]=20
=0C                            SPF Accreditation Profile          =
January 2004=20
      =20
      =20

         rather than fixed a-priori values. If fixed weightings are =
assigned=20
         it SHOULD be possible to override these values.=20
         =20
         For example an email recipient receiving a large quantity of =
email=20
         might perform an analysis of the accuracy of various =
Accreditation=20
         Authorities on a statistically significant sample of that =
email.=20
         =20
         Recipients of smaller quantities of email might rely on third =
party=20
         assessments of the accuracy of Accreditation Authorities or on =

         feedback from end-users identifying messages that have been =
wrongly=20
         categorized.=20
      =20
      3.2 Combining Accreditations=20
         =20
         When combining Accreditations from different Accreditation =
Providers=20
         filters MAY use the information provided in the Accreditation=20
         Authority Description record to determine whether the =
information=20
         provided is likely to have dependencies or not.=20
         =20
         For example an email sender that is accredited by two =
different=20
         Accreditation Authorities that verify identity information is =
not=20
         likely to be significantly less likely to be a spammer than an =
email=20
         sender that is only accredited by one Accreditation Authority. =
But an=20
         Email sender that is accredited by one Accreditation Authority =
that=20
         verifies identity information and another that monitors =
complaints=20
         from end users is less likely to be a spammer than a sender =
with only=20
         one of the accreditations.=20
      =20
      4. Security Considerations=20
      =20
      4.1 Unauthenticated or Wrongly Authenticated Sender=20
         =20
         A positive accreditation has no value if someone other than =
the=20
         accreditation subject can make use of it. It is therefore =
essential=20
         for the sender of an email to be accredited before a positive =
weight=20
         is given to an accreditation value.=20
      =20
      4.2 Untrustworthy Accreditation Provider=20
         =20
         An Accreditation Authority may be untrustworthy for many =
reasons,=20
         they may perform their activities in a negligent fashion or =
with=20
         actual malice.=20
         =20
         For example a spammer might run an unrestricted accreditation =
service=20
         that accurately listed all his rivals as spammers but did not =
list=20
         the spammer who operated the service. Alternatively an =
Accreditation=20


      =20
      =20
      <Lastname>               Expires - July 2004                 =
[Page 6]=20
=0C                            SPF Accreditation Profile          =
January 2004=20
      =20
      =20

         service may maliciously publish a negative reputation about a=20
         subject.=20
         =20
         For this reason email filters MUST evaluate the reputation of =
the=20
         Accreditation Authority as well as the data provided by that=20
         authority. =20
         =20
         The number of email senders that reference accreditation =
records=20
         published by an Accreditation Authority MAY provide an =
indication of=20
         the relative trustworthiness of that provider.=20
      =20
      4.3 DNS Security Issues=20
         =20
         The DNS protocol does not provide cryptographic assurance of =
the=20
         integrity of the information published and is vulnerable to =
Denial of=20
         Service attacks.=20
         =20
         [This is no big deal for this protocol]=20
      =20
      References=20
         =20
                          =20
         1  Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate =
Requirement=20
            Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997=20
         =20
   =20
   =20
   =20
   =20
   =20
cknowledgments=20
   =20
   =20
   =20
uthor's Addresses=20
   =20
   Phillip Hallam-Baker=20
   VeriSign Inc.=20
   Email: pbaker@verisign.com=20
    =20








      =20
      =20
      <Lastname>               Expires - July 2004                 =
[Page 7]=20
=0C
------_=_NextPart_000_01C3EF51.06EE3610--

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The FILTERING subgroup has been officially started, mailing list
archive can be found here:

http://news.gmane.org/gmane.ietf.asrg.filtering/

Interesting parties who want to join should contact the chairs off-list.

Yakov

-------
Yakov Shafranovich / asrg <at> shaftek.org
SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc. / research <at> solidmatrix.com
"They that can give up essential liberty to obtain a little temporary 
safety deserve neither liberty nor safety" (Benjamin Franklin)
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To: "Hallam-Baker, Phillip" <pbaker@verisign.com>
Cc: "'Yakov Shafranovich'" <research@solidmatrix.com>, ASRG <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 2. Improving Blacklists and Reputation Services
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On Mon, Feb 09, 2004 at 01:09:38PM -0800, Hallam-Baker, Phillip wrote:
> > 2. Is it feasible for such format to be feature rich 
> > providing more data 
> > than a simple yes/no. Meng Wong of SPF proposed on his list a 
> > while back 
> > something like how many messages sent by MTA, how many were 
> > spam, etc.,  akin to what SenderBase does.
[...]
> I think it is better to simply use the standard A pointer blacklist type
> hack and then have a metadata record that tells the filter how it thinks the
> information should be interpreted.
> 
> > 3. Can this be supplemented by accrediation formats and protocols?
> 
> Yes, but the volumes of mail are large, you probably don't want to do more
> than DNS lookup in the first pass.

A trivial implementation of this would be one where the blacklist
returns 127.0.0.[0-100] as their percentage of certainty that the source
is a spammer.

The local tools can then multiply that percentage by their 'how much I
trust blacklist provider X' factor.

-- 
David Maxwell, david@vex.net|david@maxwell.net -->
All this stuff in twice the space would only look half as bad!
					      - me


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Subject: Re: [Asrg] 2. Improving Blacklists and Reputation Services
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Hallam-Baker, Phillip wrote:
>>1. Is it feasible to develop a standard format and protocols 
>>for storing 
>>and quering data from reputation services?
> 
> Yes, see the attached.

There is a big difference between accreditation and reputation. Lumping 
them together like your draft does not seem to be a good idea.

Additionally, why resort to DNS if other possible ways are possible for 
retrieving such data. Some ISPs might even want to use bulk methods. The 
DNS packet size might also be an issue if the reputation and 
accreditation data is rather large. There is also no indication of what 
the values measure. Multiple values are possible. If an ISP subscribes 
or gets data from a specific reputation service like MAPS, then it is 
very likely that other methods aside from DNS can be used.

Additionally, if you have both, than new MTAs on the Internet do not 
need to pay money to someone in order to get accreditated, rather they 
can use build their reputation over time. Or they can start with 
accrediation and then switch to reputation services once their 
reputation has been established.

> 
> 
>>2. Is it feasible for such format to be feature rich 
>>providing more data 
>>than a simple yes/no. Meng Wong of SPF proposed on his list a 
>>while back 
>>something like how many messages sent by MTA, how many were 
>>spam, etc.,  akin to what SenderBase does.
> 
> 
> You could do that, but you have to take account of the fact that the filter
> is going to have lots of factors to apply in any case. For example how
> reliable is the information source, does it talk about every email sender or
> just some? Is it whitelist or blacklist?
> 
> If you go into too much detail you impose a model on the solution that is
> probably unnecessary and is going to limit what people can do.
> 

My question is exactly what should such model have. If it is extensible 
enough that shouldn't be a problem.

> I think it is better to simply use the standard A pointer blacklist type
> hack and then have a metadata record that tells the filter how it thinks the
> information should be interpreted.
> 

I do not think that using DNS for this purpose is necessary, we should 
look into multiple possibilities.

> 
>>3. Can this be supplemented by accrediation formats and protocols?
> 
> 
> Yes, but the volumes of mail are large, you probably don't want to do more
> than DNS lookup in the first pass.
> 

Unless you use other methods. DDOS attacks on blacklists have shown than 
reliance on DNS might not be such good idea. Other possibilities like 
P2P services might be feasible.

> 
>>4. Would any of this improve blacklists?
> 
> 
> Yes, the big problem at the moment is that blacklists are not accountable to
> any party. They tend to operate by attempting to ram the arbitrary policies
> they choose down every sender's throat.
> 
> I think it is better to have the sender say what they their sending policy
> is. If they state outright 'I send unsolicited mail to anyone I choose' then
> recipients get to say no. If they say 'I send only mail to people who ask
> for it by quintuple opt-in' and someone catches them spamming, well they
> chose the empirical test that they failled.
> 

I still think that reputation is separate from accreditation and is 
still valuable. All of the blacklist services around today are not going 
to disappear - we will need a way to gauge whether a specific 
accreditation authority is doing its job, and taking third party spam 
data into account can help with that.

> 
>>5. Would all of this reduce spam?
> 
> 
> Yes.
> 
> I think that it will happen gradually. In the first phases people will use
> SPF to stop their domain being joe jobbed. Given that there is so much joe
> job spam that gains credits in spam assasin or whatever.
> 

There is still a crucial point that SPF/LMAP does NOT reduce joe jobs in 
the mail content, only the SMTP transaction. We must make this 
distinction very clear. I still do not understand how domain identity 
for MTAs is any better than IP identity for MTAs. Sender identity is 
different.

> In the next phase you add in an accreditation element. This could be a paid
> service, voluntary, whatever the sender chooses. There will be a lot of
> different programs for different purposes. I suspect we will have the
> standard honeypot approach and blacklists that simply report spam sent to
> honeypots from certain domains. These work pretty well provided people do
> not imagine that the honeypots are infallible. ISPs and others do not
> control their customers as absolutely as some anti-spam zealots claim they
> should.
> 
> There will also be paid schemes similar to that used for authenticating SSL
> cert customers. SSL is not an infalible anti-CC fraud protocol, merchants
> can commit abuse after the data has arrived. But it reduces fraud to a very
> major degree.
> 
> Then you will have your Gates endorsed, TrustE style bonded sender ideas.
> Spammers pay.
>

Why can't we apply these ideas to today's IP blacklists? Also, "innocent 
before proven guilty" will turn into "guilty until proven innocent" 
under these schemes.

Yakov
-------
Yakov Shafranovich / asrg <at> shaftek.org
SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc. / research <at> solidmatrix.com
"I want to know G-d's thoughts... the rest are details" (Albert Einstein)
-------

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From: "Hallam-Baker, Phillip" <pbaker@verisign.com>
To: "'Yakov Shafranovich'" <research@solidmatrix.com>,
        "Hallam-Baker, Phillip" <pbaker@verisign.com>
Cc: ASRG <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] 2. Improving Blacklists and Reputation Services
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> There is a big difference between accreditation and 
> reputation. Lumping 
> them together like your draft does not seem to be a good idea.

Perhaps, but how do I know Yakov's reputation? I have to ask someone. And
they cannot tell me Yakov's reputation, they can only tell me their opinion
of his reputation.


> Additionally, why resort to DNS if other possible ways are 
> possible for 
> retrieving such data. Some ISPs might even want to use bulk 
> methods. 

This is possible and even likely. But I see that as an optimization rather
than a base protocol. 

In the original spec I proposed supporting different access protocols and
folk said, no just try with one to start. Everyone seemed to think that
there would have to be a DNS scheme as a minimum.

> The 
> DNS packet size might also be an issue if the reputation and 
> accreditation data is rather large. There is also no indication of what 
> the values measure. Multiple values are possible. If an ISP subscribes 
> or gets data from a specific reputation service like MAPS, then it is 
> very likely that other methods aside from DNS can be used.

That is the role of the meta-data record. Here it would be easiest if it was
possible to go to XML for the description.

> Additionally, if you have both, than new MTAs on the Internet do not 
> need to pay money to someone in order to get accreditated, 
> rather they 
> can use build their reputation over time. Or they can start with 
> accrediation and then switch to reputation services once their 
> reputation has been established.

The draft allows for multiple accreditations of different types. You can
have as many accreditations as you can get into your DNS records.

what type of accreditation you need is likely to depend on what you want to
do. A business sending out a lot of contracts is likely to be a lot more
concerned about their mail getting through than joe average.

		Phill 

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Hallam-Baker, Phillip wrote:
> 
>>There is a big difference between accreditation and 
>>reputation. Lumping 
>>them together like your draft does not seem to be a good idea.
> 
> Perhaps, but how do I know Yakov's reputation? I have to ask someone. And
> they cannot tell me Yakov's reputation, they can only tell me their opinion
> of his reputation.

Correct which is what the current blacklists do. It is upto you to 
figure out whose opinions you trust. An accrediation service is vouching 
  for someone, a reputation service is stating an opinion of someone's 
reputation. The two things are different.

> 
>>Additionally, why resort to DNS if other possible ways are 
>>possible for 
>>retrieving such data. Some ISPs might even want to use bulk 
>>methods. 
> 
> 
> This is possible and even likely. But I see that as an optimization rather
> than a base protocol. 
> 
> In the original spec I proposed supporting different access protocols and
> folk said, no just try with one to start. Everyone seemed to think that
> there would have to be a DNS scheme as a minimum.
> 
> 
>>The 
>>DNS packet size might also be an issue if the reputation and 
>>accreditation data is rather large. There is also no indication of what 
>>the values measure. Multiple values are possible. If an ISP subscribes 
>>or gets data from a specific reputation service like MAPS, then it is 
>>very likely that other methods aside from DNS can be used.
> 
> 
> That is the role of the meta-data record. Here it would be easiest if it was
> possible to go to XML for the description.
> 

Perhaps we should just discuss what goes into it first, before 
discussing how its stored and queried.

Yakov
-------
Yakov Shafranovich / asrg <at> shaftek.org
SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc. / research <at> solidmatrix.com
"I want to know G-d's thoughts... the rest are details" (Albert Einstein)
-------

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To: "'Yakov Shafranovich'" <research@solidmatrix.com>,
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> Correct which is what the current blacklists do. It is upto you to 
> figure out whose opinions you trust. An accrediation service 
> is vouching 
>   for someone, a reputation service is stating an opinion of 
> someone's 
> reputation. The two things are different.

Absolutely not. An accreditation service is simply stating a fact, any fact
at all about the subject.

Every forum I have attended where accreditation has been discussed has used
it in this sense.

Attempting to differentiate reputation is doomed to failure because it is a
distinction without a difference. If I state fred is a member of the new
york state bar a part of that statement is that fred met their character and
fitness criteria when he applied and he has not been kicked out since.

So that is an accreditation by the bar that includes a reputation component.
Most accreditations will incorporate reputation in some degree.

The whole point of introducing the term was to serve as a more illustrative
name for what in SAML are called 'attribute assertions'.



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Subject: Re: [Asrg] 2. Improving Blacklists and Reputation Services
References: <4027EDD9.7050405@solidmatrix.com>
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On 2/9/2004,Yakov Shafranovich sent forth electrons to convey:

> I would like to pose a question to the group. The IP address of the 
> incoming MTA is the only sure thing that we possess today that cannot 
> be easily spoofed (BGP attacks aside). There are numerous blacklist 
> and reputation services out there that carry and store information 
> about IP addresses. With an LMAP-type proposal like DRIP, this 
> information can also be keyed by domain name.
>
> All of this implies that reputation services such as blacklists will 
> continue to exist. However, a major problem has been with these 
> services is that they provide a binary yes/no answer.


This is incorrect; several BLs already provide a variety of answers.
The reason many BLs provide a binary answer is that the software they 
run on only allows it (and can thereby be less resource-intensive). 1 
bit for all of IPv4 fits in RAM on many machines, especially if 
compressed...
Some that I've posited are:
SpamCop provide its spam/ham ratio.
Someone who used this IP [threatened to | did] sue me.
A spammer who used this IP owes me money. (payola.org)
The admins of this IP tell me they provide a free email service, but do 
their best to police their users.
The admins of this IP tell me they provide a free email service, but do 
their best to police their users.
The admins of this IP tell me they don't spam and agree to pay for any 
that is sent from this IP.

AHBL has 18 response codes listed at
 http://ahbl.org/responsecodes.php

> DDOS attacks on blacklists have shown than reliance on DNS might not 
> be such good idea. Other possibilities like P2P services might be 
> feasible. 

Some BLs have found effective ways to defend themselves, as well. 



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Matthew Elvey wrote:
> On 2/9/2004,Yakov Shafranovich sent forth electrons to convey:
...
>> All of this implies that reputation services such as blacklists will 
>> continue to exist. However, a major problem has been with these 
>> services is that they provide a binary yes/no answer.
> 
> This is incorrect; several BLs already provide a variety of answers.

Would there be a value to creating a standard protocol and format for 
such data?

Yakov
-------
Yakov Shafranovich / asrg <at> shaftek.org
SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc. / research <at> solidmatrix.com
"I ate your Web page. / Forgive me. It was juicy / And tart on my 
tongue." (MIT's 404 Message)
-------

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Hallam-Baker, Phillip wrote:

>>Correct which is what the current blacklists do. It is upto you to 
>>figure out whose opinions you trust. An accrediation service 
>>is vouching 
>>  for someone, a reputation service is stating an opinion of 
>>someone's 
>>reputation. The two things are different.
> 
> 
> Absolutely not. An accreditation service is simply stating a fact, any fact
> at all about the subject.
> 

Ok, I will accept that (although somehow whenever I think 
"accreditation" I am getting a knee-jerk reaction that it will 
automatically cost money).

So what we have is as follows (I think):
1. MTA identity.
2. Domain identity.
3. Sender's identity.

And now different accreditation services that provide facts about that 
subject in two situtations:
1. The sender/MTA/domain explicitely states that it is accredited with a 
specific service.
2. The receiver uses an accreditation service to obtain information such 
as reputation about a specific subject without that subject telling the 
receiver anything.

Several things bother me here. First of all, the MTA, sender and 
sender's domain are different identities and require different 
mechanisms. The MTA might want to advertise accreditation with ESMTP or 
DNS, while the domain or sender might want to do so via an email header.

Second, checking multiple accreditation authorities with a more 
complicated syntax slows down the filtering process.

Third, checking accreditation on per sender basis slows things down even 
more and allows for a DDOS attack against the accredidation authority 
and the receiver.

> The whole point of introducing the term was to serve as a more illustrative
> name for what in SAML are called 'attribute assertions'.
> 

An interesting thought - can we use SAML for exchanging reputation and 
accreditation info?

Yakov
-------
Yakov Shafranovich / asrg <at> shaftek.org
SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc. / research <at> solidmatrix.com
"One who watches the wind will never sow, and one who keeps his eyes on 
the clouds will never reap" (Ecclesiastes 11:4)
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Subject: [Asrg] 3b. SMTP Session Verification - Marking MTAs in rDNS - MTA MARK
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MTA MARK draft has been posted to the ID archive:

http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-stumpf-dns-mtamark-00.txt

Abstract:
"  In contrast to other more extensive approaches to deal with
    unsolicited email, commonly called "spam", this memo discusses a very
    simple authentication scheme. It uses marking of hosts in reverse DNS
    (in-addr.arpa zone) to allow the receiving mail transfer agents to
    decide whether the connecting (sending) host is a designated mail
    transfer agent (MTA) or not.

    Despite being a weaker scheme than most of the other proposals
    currently discussed, it can reduce the amount of spam and viruses/
    worms significantly and has the advantage that it can be implemented
    based on existing and well-established Internet technology like DNS
    without any changes to that technology.
"

Yakov
-------
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SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc. / research <at> solidmatrix.com
"Among all our enemies / The ones to be most feared are often the 
smallest" (Jean de la Fontaine)
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Alan DeKok wrote:
> Philip Miller <millenix@zemos.net> wrote:
>>Paragraph 2 is bluntly wrong. The intent of creating LMAP is that eventually 
>>it WILL be used to reject mail, because it is assumed to be forged.
> 
>   Absolutely not.
> 
>   The intent is to publish information which lets the recipient MTA
> make that decision.  This is a very different statement of intent than
> what you wrote.
> 
>   I expect that *many* implementors of LMAP will choose to reject
> non-compliant messages, but it would be inappropriate for anyone to
> say that those MTA's are *required* to reject mail based on LMAP.

Perhaps I wasn't clear. I didn't mean that recipient MTAs *MUST* 55x 
LMAP-violating mail, I meant that they would be explicitly *allowed* to, 
which is contrary to the wording in the most recent draft.

>>I don't like how the comparison section phrases LMAP as a modification to 
>>RFC 2821. I suspect that such wording will raise a lot of unnecessary 
>>resistance to LMAP for no particular reason. I interpreted that part of RFC 
>>2821 to mean that recipient MTAs should not reject mail on the basis of the 
>>the HELO name not resolving to the connecting IP or the connecting IP not 
>>reverse-resolving to the HELO name. Following this interpretation, LMAP 
>>suggests neither, and thus is no modification to 2821, only an application 
>>of the liberties of "local policy"-based rejections.
> 
> 
>   I agree.  The text in the -00 draft tried to explain this
> distinction.
> 
>   The -01 document says: (2.2.5, page 7)
> 
> 
>>>HELO/EHLO-based LMAP would
>>>   modify RFC2821 by allowing the server to reject mail based on
>>>   HELO/EHLO validation failure.
> 
> 
>   I disagree completely.  The HELO/EHLO validation in RFC2821 is about
> looking up the reverse IP of the originating MTA, and seeing if the
> name returned is the same as the HELO/EHLO field.  LMAP does something
> completely different, it looks up in the domain of the HELO/EHLO
> field, to see if the originating IP is permitted to claim association
> with that domain.

Glad we're agreed on this point.

Philip Miller

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Jon Kyme wrote:
>>How about we look at a case where the forwarder has no profit, just cost:
>>debian.org. Many debian.org users use their addresses as a general
>>purpose
>>address, with the intention that they will always have it, to forward 
>>wherever they go. 
> 
> OK, debian.org are providing the "appearance" of a mailbox for no charge.
> Jolly good. Well done.
> 
>> In many particular cases, that 3rd party is a large ISP corporation
>> that has no profit motive to let end-users selectively disable
>> filtering of some of their mail. Thus, debian.org, ostensibly an agent
>> of the recipient, is forced to bear a cost (taking responsibility for
>> the message in the eyes of the recipient ISP) in place of the sender.
> 
> Indeed, that's the point. debian.org *are* sending this mail to
> isp.example. They're doing this as the agent of a person who is a customer
> of isp.example They are not doing this *for* isp.example, they're doing
> this *to* isp.example
> 
> isp.example hold debian.org responsible for sending it. What's wrong with
> that?
> 
> If isp.example users can't modulate the filtering behaviour to pass-thru
> the debian.org routed stuff and some LMAP-thing is active - this will be a
> hostile environment for forwarding. debian.org have a number of
> alternatives:
> 
> 1. do the rewriting (and accept some implied responsibility?) 
> 2. refuse to rewrite and get blocked by systems which don't like the look
> of mail from example.com routed via debian.org
> 3. Provide a real mailbox, POP / IMAP.
> 
>> Perhaps what we need is some standardized way for the 
>> recipient/forwarding user to authorize the message in advance of any
>> filtering. Unfortunately, that probably won't be effective in this case
>> unless we got an ESMTP extension designed for it, because ISPs want to
>> filter as early as possible in the transaction.
> 
> Ideally, a system running LMAP-thing should give users the ability to
> configure it in such a way as not to be forwarding-hostile. If there's no
> "profit-motive" for supporting this, it suggests that customer demand is
> too small.
> 
> I'm very much in favour of some standard for configuring filtering at the
> ISP. However, I can't see how one could make this a pre-requisite for LMAP
> deployment.
> 
> It seems possible that widespread adoption of LMAP-like systems could
> increase costs for forwarders. I don't believe there's a rule which says
> that the forwarders p.o.v. is more significant than the receiving ISP's.
> 
> The feature that allows debian.org to forward transparently has costs.
> Spome of these costs are currently borne by mom&pop.example.com when their
> little mail server chokes on 50k bounces an hour from yahoo for spam they
> didn't send.
> 
> The costs of spam at isp.example are passed onto the user, they have a
> business model which supports this. If the forwarder doesn't have such a
> business, they may have to reconsider the services they offer.
> 
> Omelette v. Eggs, I suppose, or, better, TANSTAAFL.

Perhaps it's time to suggest a different approach for forwarders.

Since forwarders are clearly trusted by the user, we should make it possible 
for the forwarder to deliver directly to the user's inbox, rather than 
transferring messages like any other mailer. What if the user had the 
forwarding system connect to his IMAP host and inject the message there? The 
biggest problem I see with this is that it breaks multiple forwarding and 
intermediate filtering (viruses, procmail/popfile sorting, etc.). If it 
injected to a special folder, that would be solved, too. Now we just need a 
standard way to carry this out for forwarders to implement.

Philip Miller

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In-reply-to: <4027FF64.9010902@solidmatrix.com> (message from Yakov
	Shafranovich on Mon, 09 Feb 2004 16:45:08 -0500)
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 2. Improving Blacklists and Reputation Services
References: <C6DDA43B91BFDA49AA2F1E473732113E0A182C@mou1wnexm05.vcorp.ad.vrsn.com> <4027FF64.9010902@solidmatrix.com>
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Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com> wrote:

> An accrediation service is vouching for someone, a reputation
> service is stating an opinion of someone's reputation. The two
> things are different.

How are they different (in any way that matters to me)?  In both
cases, a third party X is saying something to the effect of "I think
you should trust Y."  (Or is it that accreditation can only be
positive, while reputation can be positive or negative?  In that case,
I see no reason for accreditation services since they're strictly a
subset of reputation services.)

Seth

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> Ok, I will accept that (although somehow whenever I think 
> "accreditation" I am getting a knee-jerk reaction that it will 
> automatically cost money).

I think that there will automatically be a cost. But that may be borne by
the sender, the recipient, the accreditor or even a charitable basis.

Its like the root servers, they are important, they are volunteer run, but
they are not cost-free by any stretch of the imagination.

> So what we have is as follows (I think):
> 1. MTA identity.
> 2. Domain identity.
> 3. Sender's identity.

People start to argue over 'identity'

I think we have hooks we can hang the accreditation on. email addresses are
one type of 'identity'.

I would relabel the rest 'intersubjective agreement between the accreditors
as to the party signified by the name'.

Yeas, it sounds horrible, and it is not likely many folk here read semiotics
and hermenetics. The basic insight I got from the hermeneutic stuff was that
if you get picky you can claim any statement is subjective, you just attack
the axioms. Black is white if you refuse to believe the evidence to the
contrary.

I think that a lot of the argumentation on identity ends up as this sort of
issue. Yes every name is inherently subjective, they are all assigned at
random (according to the trichotemy of Sebok that is what makes it a name).
But even though there is no objective definition of 'Microsoft' there is a
community reality, what could be called an intersubjective agreement as to
who Microsoft is.

Yes, the name is only given in the first place by government decree, another
government could disagree. The folks in Sealand could declare that Microsoft
was somebody else and if you look at it from a strict philosophical point of
view they could say that their definition is correct with the same degree of
certainty, even though no other country recognises them as a country. But it
violates the intersubjective definition that the other 99.999% of the planet
who live in the real world agree on.


> Third, checking accreditation on per sender basis slows 
> things down even 
> more and allows for a DDOS attack against the accredidation authority 
> and the receiver.

Better have some fat pipes :-)

Yes, these are issues but they are soluble. If we cannot protect DNS from
DoS we are sunk in any of these schemes.

> > The whole point of introducing the term was to serve as a 
> more illustrative
> > name for what in SAML are called 'attribute assertions'.
> > 
> 
> An interesting thought - can we use SAML for exchanging 
> reputation and 
> accreditation info?

Yes, absolutely. That is one of the things I designed it to do. But the
anti-spam world is not very keen on XML. I think you would find it very
heavy for a first line of defense.

I believe we will end up with a multilayer defense. On the outside we will
use lightweight DNS based schemes to decide 'do I want these packets at
all'. Then we can do more detailed analysis, taking in more data, doing more
work.

		Phill 

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References: <4027EDD9.7050405@solidmatrix.com> <4028096A.9070503@elvey.com> <40280ADD.1030909@solidmatrix.com>
In-Reply-To: <40280ADD.1030909@solidmatrix.com>
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On 2/9/2004 2:34 PM, Yakov Shafranovich sent forth electrons to convey:

> Matthew Elvey wrote:
>
>> On 2/9/2004,Yakov Shafranovich sent forth electrons to convey:
>
> ...
>
>>> All of this implies that reputation services such as blacklists will 
>>> continue to exist. However, a major problem has been with these 
>>> services is that they provide a binary yes/no answer.
>>
>>
>> This is incorrect; several BLs already provide a variety of answers.
>
>
> Would there be a value to creating a standard protocol and format for 
> such data?

My plate is full, but I think so.  Exact definitions of what an open 
relay, or a dial-up IP, or a spamming IP is differ, but a standard 
protocol and form could still be useful
http://mail-abuse.com/rbl+/ uses a bitwise binary scheme. 
I'd guess Paul Vixie/MAPS set the defacto standard of using 127/8 ips.

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From: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>
Organization: SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc.
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] 2. Improving Blacklists and Reputation Services
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Hallam-Baker, Phillip wrote:
>>So what we have is as follows (I think):
>>1. MTA identity.
>>2. Domain identity.
>>3. Sender's identity.
> 
> 
> People start to argue over 'identity'
> 
> I think we have hooks we can hang the accreditation on. email addresses are
> one type of 'identity'.
> 
> I would relabel the rest 'intersubjective agreement between the accreditors
> as to the party signified by the name'.
> 
> Yeas, it sounds horrible, and it is not likely many folk here read semiotics
> and hermenetics. The basic insight I got from the hermeneutic stuff was that
> if you get picky you can claim any statement is subjective, you just attack
> the axioms. Black is white if you refuse to believe the evidence to the
> contrary.
> 

My main concern is identity of the agent that injects the mail into the 
system (MTA) as opposed to the machine/human sender that actually 
created the message. I think that these two identities are inherently 
separate from each other and should be addressed separately.

>>>The whole point of introducing the term was to serve as a 
>>>>more illustrative
>>>>>name for what in SAML are called 'attribute assertions'.
>>>>>
>>An interesting thought - can we use SAML for exchanging 
>>reputation and 
>>accreditation info?
> 
> 
> Yes, absolutely. That is one of the things I designed it to do. But the
> anti-spam world is not very keen on XML. I think you would find it very
> heavy for a first line of defense.

Has there been any work on a profile of SAML for this kind of stuff? 
Would there be enough interested parties in this that we can possibly 
get cracking on it?

Yakov

-------
Yakov Shafranovich / asrg <at> shaftek.org
SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc. / research <at> solidmatrix.com
"All that is gold does not glitter" (LOTR)
-------

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From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@ox.org>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Fwd: [Asrg] Re: Documents for LMAP BOF] 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Mon, 09 Feb 2004 13:50:32 EST."
             <4027D678.7080000@solidmatrix.com> 
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Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com> wrote:
> >   That's pretty much the text in the -00 draft.  Was there any reason
> > it was changed for -01?
> > 
> 
> The current draft is here:
> 
> http://asrg.kavi.com/apps/group_public/download.php/31/draft-irtf-asrg-lmap-discussion-00.txt

  The content of that URL is the -01 draft.  It's a *very* bad idea to
confuse the two versions.  If nothing else, it silently deletes the
historical record of the development of the document.

> It states as follows:
...
> This was in response to Hadmut's comment that the original defition was 
> imprecise.

  The original text about "policy" was there because of discussions on
asrg & asrg-rmx about the topic.  LMAP is not authentication of
identity.  While the original definition may have been imprecise, it's
*intention* was to be imprecise, because of the different policies
published by the different proposals.

  Authentication is just one example of application of a policy.
There may be others, like authorization...

  Alan DeKok.

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From: Brett Watson <famous-asrg@nutters.org>
Organization: PhD Student, Macquarie University
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Subject: [Asrg] 3b. SMTP Session Verification - The Forwarding Problem
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Philip Miller wrote (in reference to the verification problem during mail 
forwarding):
> Since forwarders are clearly trusted by the user, we should make it possible
> for the forwarder to deliver directly to the user's inbox, rather than
> transferring messages like any other mailer.

I disagree. As you go on to say, this breaks instances where there is more 
than one forwarding, and there is no standard way to deliver a message into 
an inbox other than SMTP anyhow. (Yes, IMAP has APPEND, and those people who 
are using IMAP now could already be using this as a forwarding mechanism if 
they wanted to.)

I have an alternative suggestion: make the act of forwarding explicit in the 
SMTP dialogue.

If mail from <A> to <B> is forwarded to <C>, then this normally results in a 
dialogue between the MTAs for <B> and <C> including "MAIL From:<A>" and "RCPT 
To:<C>" without explicit mention of <B> anywhere. This is indistinguishable 
from the case where a user at the MTA for <B> impersonates <A>.

The forwarding information could be made explicit in something like the 
following hypothetical ESMTP extension. Let the ESMTP keyword be "VIA", which 
allows the additional parameter "Via:" in the MAIL command. The conversation 
between the MTAs for <B> and <C> now looks as follows.

C: 220 C.domain SMTP server ready
B: EHLO B.domain
C: 250-C.domain greets B.domain
C: 250 VIA
B: MAIL From:<A> Via:<B>
C: 250 OK
B: RCPT To:<C>
C: 250 OK
(etc.)

The MTA for <C> can now perform LMAP-like tests against the "Via:<B>" claim. 
Where there is more than one intermediate forwarding step, the "Via:" clause 
can specify a comma-separated list of paths, the last of which the sending 
system claims to represent. Thus, if <C> forwarded to <D> using the same 
system, the critical line would read, "MAIL From:<A> Via:<B>,<C>".

Aside from making the mail system easier to analyse (by preserving more 
information about the delivery process), this would allow recipients to 
explicitly reject forwarded mail in cases where they are not expecting any.

It may be preferable to insert the "Via:" clause in the RCPT command (as in 
"RCPT To:<C> Via:<B>"), because there are some obscure cases where this would 
be more efficient. Finding them is left as an exercise for the reader at this 
time.

Regards,
TFBW


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X-Sybari-Space: 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] 2. Improving Blacklists and Reputation Services
References: <4027EDD9.7050405@solidmatrix.com> <4028096A.9070503@elvey.com> <40280ADD.1030909@solidmatrix.com> <4028227B.60801@elvey.com>
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Matthew Elvey wrote:

> On 2/9/2004 2:34 PM, Yakov Shafranovich sent forth electrons to convey:

>> Would there be a value to creating a standard protocol and format for 
>> such data?

> My plate is full, but I think so.  Exact definitions of what an open 
> relay, or a dial-up IP, or a spamming IP is differ, but a standard 
> protocol and form could still be useful
> http://mail-abuse.com/rbl+/ uses a bitwise binary scheme. I'd guess Paul 
> Vixie/MAPS set the defacto standard of using 127/8 ips.

There's already a draft for both BCPs and protocols of DNSBLs.  But as 
you say, our plates are full.  Needs a document editor.

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Subject: Re: [Asrg] 1a. Inventory of Problems - Spoofed mail addresses
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On Fri, Feb 06, 2004 at 03:13:02PM -0600, david wrote

> Here's how the pay2send.com Advenge SMTP daemon deals with Brett
> Watson's scenario:
> 
> Chris knows at least one of Bob's "magic phrases" which he
> used to get on Bob's whitelist in the first place.
> 
> The Aardvark article sending service allows Chris to write
> an introduction to the article (all article sending services
> I have used have this facility) and Chris includes the
> magic phrase ("transferrable mnemonic capability key" for the security
> theorists) in the introduction.
> 
> Bob receives the article and the introduction in one e-mail, which
> passes the filter since the introduction includes the magic phrase.

  This pre-supposes that Bob uses body filters, i.e. waits till after
the DATA: stage before rejecting any email.  Yes, it is possible and
legal to issue a 5xx reject at the end of the DATA: stage, but then
Bob's MTA (or of Bob's inbox provider) has to expend the bandwidth of
accepting the body in the first place.

> As a special case, consider:
> 
> 	(1) Chris has registered a RAPNAP preference list,
> which for ASRG purposes is a per-sender RMX list
> 
> 	(2) Aardvark forwarding uses the forwarding requestor's
> e-mail address as the source address for the forwarded article
> (Amazon.com apparently currently does this with book reccommendations)
> 
> If 1 and 2 are both true, Chris will receive a challenge concerning
> mail from him originating at a new peer...

  I do *NOT* relish the thought of receiving "a challenge concerning a
virus from me originating at a new peer" for every virus email sent out
with my address forged as the sender.

> lemma (2) is true, but Chris has registered a public key with the
> server infrastructure rather than a Peer Network Address list.
> In order to get past the Advenge filtering system,

  Context please.  Is Advenge "Aardvaark" or is it "Bob" ??

> Chris has to public-key-sign the text he pastes into the introductory
> text control in Aardvark's article forwarding form.

  If Advenge => "Aardvaark" maybe.  Otherwise, we're back to Bob having
to accept the body.

-- 
Walter Dnes <waltdnes@waltdnes.org>
Email users are divided into two classes;
1) Those who have effective spam-blocking
2) Those who wish they did

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Subject: Re: [Asrg] 2. Improving Blacklists and Reputation Services
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On Mon, Feb 09, 2004 at 03:30:17PM -0500, Yakov Shafranovich wrote

> All of this implies that reputation services such as blacklists will 
> continue to exist. However, a major problem has been with these services 
> is that they provide a binary yes/no answer.

  There is no inherent binary limitation of today's de-facto DNSbl
implementations.  DNSbls have have approximately 16 million possible
responses in the 127.0.0.0/8 CIDR.  And furthermore, they can return
multiple records for one query (which is the querying software's
responsibility to handle properly).  Quite a few DNSbls have an
"aggregate zone", which can return multiple multiple values.  An example
is dnsbl.sorbs.net.  Here's a comment from my blocklist entries...

#        dnsbl.sorbs.net aggregate return codes are:
#   http.dnsbl.sorbs.net    127.0.0.2
#  socks.dnsbl.sorbs.net    127.0.0.3
#   misc.dnsbl.sorbs.net    127.0.0.4
#   smtp.dnsbl.sorbs.net    127.0.0.5
#   spam.dnsbl.sorbs.net    127.0.0.6
#    web.dnsbl.sorbs.net    127.0.0.7
#  block.dnsbl.sorbs.net    127.0.0.8
# zombie.dnsbl.sorbs.net    127.0.0.9
#    dul.dnsbl.sorbs.net    127.0.0.10
#badconf.rhsbl.sorbs.net    127.0.0.11
# nomail.rhsbl.sorbs.net    127.0.0.12

  Another example is zz.countries.nerd.dk.  A query on an IP address
will return 127.0.X.Y where (X * 256) + Y == ISO country code of the
country where the IP address in question is hosted.

  In both of the above cases, the idea is to reduce DNS traffic.  Rather
than querying half-a-dozen of the sub-zones, I query the master zone,
and check for any returned values which I want to use.  Similarly, I
could do multiple queries to cn.countries.nerd.dk, tw.countries.nerd.dk,
kr.countries.nerd.dk, etc, etc.  But it's less-bandwidth intensive at
both ends to use the master zone.  There is nothing preventing this type
of response being interpreted in a different manner that includes
granularity.

> Many commercial ISPs would like to make the decisions themselves.
> Filters such as SpamAssasin would probably be better off basing data
> on a larger scale than a simple yes or no.

  SPEWS already has a "level 1" and "level 2" response.  Is this along
the lines that you're thinking of ?  Similarly, Spamhaus has multiple
lists, with one (ROKSO) reserved for blatant, unrepentant spammers.
Between coded numeric valus, and separate subzones for various degrees
of spamming, the granularity you are looking for is already available
in real-life.

-- 
Walter Dnes <waltdnes@waltdnes.org>
Email users are divided into two classes;
1) Those who have effective spam-blocking
2) Those who wish they did

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On Mon, Feb 09, 2004 at 01:09:38PM -0800, Hallam-Baker, Phillip wrote

> You could do that, but you have to take account of the fact that the
> filter is going to have lots of factors to apply in any case. For
> example how reliable is the information source, does it talk about
> every email sender or just some? Is it whitelist or blacklist?
  [...deletia...]
> Yes, the big problem at the moment is that blacklists are not
> accountable to any party. They tend to operate by attempting to ram
> the arbitrary policies they choose down every sender's throat.

  Those two sections above are self-contradictory.  Blacklists are
accountable to MTA operators.  If MTA operators choose not to use a
specific lists, it won't be capable of forcing itself down their
throats.  I am not aware of any DNSbl that blacklists ISPs for the
simple reason that they don't use the DNSbl in question.  DNSbls *DO*
have reputations, which affect how many people are willing to use them.

> I think it is better to have the sender say what they their sending
> policy is. If they state outright 'I send unsolicited mail to anyone I
> choose' then recipients get to say no. If they say 'I send only mail
> to people who ask for it by quintuple opt-in' and someone catches
> them spamming, well they chose the empirical test that they failled.

  The problem with that is that almost *EVERY* spammer^H^H^H^H^H^H^H
"legitimate marketer" makes that claim, so it's useless.  This would
allow them to take make one spam run, morph domain name, make another
spam run, repaet, rinse, lather.

-- 
Walter Dnes <waltdnes@waltdnes.org>
Email users are divided into two classes;
1) Those who have effective spam-blocking
2) Those who wish they did

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Brett Watson wrote: 
> It may be preferable to insert the "Via:" clause in the RCPT command (as
> in
> "RCPT To:<C> Via:<B>"), because there are some obscure cases where this
> would
> be more efficient. 


That's as maybe. It would be be less "efficient" for most messages with
multiple recipients.

There's been discussion of ENVID on this list.








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Jon Kyme said:
> There's been discussion of ENVID on this list.

By ENVID, I take it that you mean RFC 3461. The last flurry of conversation 
about this was in December 2003 (relatively recently), although it's popped 
up a couple of other times also. Perhaps you can elaborate on why you see it 
as a viable solution; I see some problems with it.

The ENVID value itself isn't useful for determining whether or not a sending 
system has authority to use any given "MAIL From:" address. This *could* be 
useful if there were a means to call back the alleged originating system and 
verify the ENVID (since it should have originated there), but my skim-read of 
RFC 3461 did not uncover any such verification mechanism. It's not clear to 
me how ENVID is useful in the current context.

The same RFC also has the ORCPT parameter to the RCPT command, which is 
similar in principle to what I am suggesting, but with significant 
differences. For starters, ORCPT keeps only the original recipient, not a 
forwarding path. There are still scenarios in which a sending MTA may produce 
an envelope containing no addresses for which it has LMAP authorisation. For 
example, mail from <A> to <B> which is forwarded to <C>, then to <D>. In the 
transfer from C to D, we will have "MAIL From:<A>", and "RCPT To:<D> 
ORCPT=rfc822;B". <C> is no longer mentioned.

Despite superficial similarity, my proposal is mostly orthogonal to ORCPT. 
"VIA" is intended to keep a track of the route a mail message takes on its 
way to the final recipient in a purely ESMTP environment. ORCPT tracks only 
the original recipient, and is designed to take mail gateways into 
consideration.

Additionally, the "VIA" specification could require that the most recent hop 
in the path be verifiable by some means (ie LMAP), if we ever agree on a 
standard means of testing. Failure to pass the test will be valid grounds for 
rejecting the message. In contrast, RFC 3461 (5.1(b)) forbids rejection on 
the basis of the ORCPT or NOTIFY parameters to RCPT (except for invalid 
syntax).

In short, neither ENVID or ORCPT give us data which we can use for LMAP 
verification of forwarded mail, whereas VIA does. I note that ORCPT is a 
paramater to RCPT, and "Via:" should probably be a parameter to RCPT for 
similar reasons.

So far as this mailing list goes, my favourite prior comment on the subject of 
ENVID et al is the following one by Tony Finch.

https://www1.ietf.org/mail-archive/working-groups/asrg/current/msg01854.html

Regards,
TFBW


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I said:
> > There's been discussion of ENVID on this list.
> 

Brett Watson said:
> By ENVID, I take it that you mean RFC 3461. The last flurry of
> conversation

Many apologies. I was thinking of ORCPT, I claim a transient defect in
cerebral perfusion.

> RFC 3461 (5.1(b)) forbids rejection on 
> the basis of the ORCPT or NOTIFY parameters to RCPT (except for 
> invalid syntax).

Actually:
"A conforming SMTP server MUST NOT refuse a RCPT command based on the
presence or absence of any of these parameters."
Which isn't quite the same thing.

But then, I still can't see what's wrong with tweaking the MAIL FROM.






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From: Brett Watson <famous-asrg@nutters.org>
Organization: PhD Student, Macquarie University
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 3b. SMTP Session Verification - The Forwarding Problem
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I should mention briefly that my suggested "VIA" ESMTP extension can not be 
implemented exactly as I have presented it in earlier postings, due to syntax 
constraints. The production for "esmtp-value" does not allow the "space" or 
"=" characters, but the production for "mailbox" does. RFC 3461 faces the 
same problem and uses a simple encoding it calls "xtext".

The protocol is still theoretically implementable, but it would be somewhat 
uglier than my examples suggest if the esmtp-parameter mechanism were used. 
Such is life. It's intended to be one idea in a pool of suggestions rather 
than an immediate course of action in any case.

Regards,
TFBW


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From: "Hallam-Baker, Phillip" <pbaker@verisign.com>
To: "'Walter Dnes'" <waltdnes@waltdnes.org>, ASRG list <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] 2. Improving Blacklists and Reputation Services
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>   Those two sections above are self-contradictory.  Blacklists are
> accountable to MTA operators.  If MTA operators choose not to use a
> specific lists, it won't be capable of forcing itself down their
> throats. 

The problem an ISP faces is that often the first time they know about
a blaklist is through a user complaint. They have absolutely no way of
knowing whether the arrogant $#@(% they then have to deal with is 
serving a hundred major ISPs or one lone end user.

The ISPs will not reveal which blacklists they use after the MAPS
experian lawsuit. At the FTC workshop the three blacklists there could
only give one reference customer between the three of them - and that 
took time to work out.

> I am not aware of any DNSbl that blacklists ISPs for the
> simple reason that they don't use the DNSbl in question.  DNSbls *DO*
> have reputations, which affect how many people are willing to 
> use them.

Oh I am. There was the guy in New Zealand who listed his own ISP because
they sent him a dunning letter for not paying his connect fees...

Yes there is a reputation mechanism, but today it is anecdotal word of
mouth. There are no empirical surveys looking at this thing. The few
surveys that appear tend to focus on the wrong measure - amount of 
spam stopped. How fast they react to wrong listings, how many wrong 
listings they have is not being given enough weight.

Sure there are reputations, but there is very little feedback from
actions to reputation and not all that there is is particularly good.

> > I think it is better to have the sender say what they their sending
> > policy is. If they state outright 'I send unsolicited mail 
> to anyone I
> > choose' then recipients get to say no. If they say 'I send only mail
> > to people who ask for it by quintuple opt-in' and someone catches
> > them spamming, well they chose the empirical test that they failled.
> 
>   The problem with that is that almost *EVERY* spammer^H^H^H^H^H^H^H
> "legitimate marketer" makes that claim, so it's useless.  This would
> allow them to take make one spam run, morph domain name, make another
> spam run, repaet, rinse, lather.

That is something that will have to be fixed. There are some good ways
you can fix it. Bonds being one example, if you design the scheme right
the upfront cost to the sender is small, unless they are a spammer in 
which case it will be huge.

This gets into an area where proprietary advantage comes into play. I have
some ideas as to how I can do this in a way that avoids the issues you 
raise. Its a bit like the filter vendors at the MIT conference, you give 
away just enough of an idea.


		Phill

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X-Habeas-SWE-1: winter into spring
X-Habeas-SWE-2: brightly anticipated
X-Habeas-SWE-3: like Habeas SWE (tm)
X-Habeas-SWE-4: Copyright 2002 Habeas (tm)
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X-Habeas-SWE-6: email in exchange for a license for this Habeas
X-Habeas-SWE-7: warrant mark warrants that this is a Habeas Compliant
X-Habeas-SWE-8: Message (HCM) and not spam. Please report use of this
X-Habeas-SWE-9: mark in spam to <http://www.habeas.com/report/>.
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Subject: [Asrg] LMAP BOF - risk of BGP attacks compromising LMAP is significant;
 Intellectual Property
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Just wanted to provide some more info on the seriousness of IP hacking, 
WRT LMAP.

<http://www.dnsbl.au.sorbs.net/Zombie-FAQ.html> (which is based on 
<http://www.completewhois.com/hijacked/hijacked_qa.htm>) provides an 
intro to the issue.  <http://www.completewhois.com/hijacked/index.htm>, 
and other pages at that site make it clear that this is currently a 
serious problem. In the same way that ISPs knowingly allow spammers to 
reside on their networks, they will increasingly knowingly allow IP 
Hijackers to connect to their networks.

S-BGP is mentioned as an infeasible solution: "S-BGP can solve the 
problem but will require upgrades to the core Internet infrastructure as 
it requires a lot more memory for routers ... [and more] CPU power or 
specific hardware for cryptography. Because of these necessary hardware 
upgrade and serious investment in new hardware that would be necessary, 
S-BGP has not gone beyond theoretical work so far. "

SysAdmins would be wise to ensure that their upstream's IP space is 
properly registered with their RIRs to a current email address, and that 
more than just email security is used to authorize updates, and finally 
to refuse to route through their network IP blocks that are known to 
have been hijacked, and have their upstreams do so.

Because this security problem is likely to be ongoing, it should be 
addressed in draft-irtf-asrg-lmap-discussion.
Do we have two competing versions of the latest, BTW?
<http://asrg.kavi.com/apps/group_public/download.php/31/draft-irtf-asrg-lmap-discussion-00.txt> 
,
<http://www.taugh.com/draft-irtf-asrg-lmap-discussion-01.txt ? The 00 is 
newer than the 01> .

I agree with PHB:
 > This is something the IAB should consider as a matter of urgency.

Anyway, here an attempt to address this.
I propose a section 2.4 that reads something like:

2.4 BGP based attacks

All versions of LMAP rely on the security of TCP to assure that a 
message that appears to be sent from an IP address is actually from 
equipment of the owner/renter of that IP address.  But IPs can be and 
are hijacked - hijackers announce BGP routes to the IP space they wish 
to steal, and much of the Internet starts routing packets for that IP 
space to them [ref to 
http://www.completewhois.com/hijacked/hijacked_qa.htm].  If an IP in IP 
space authorized by LMAP records is hijacked, the hijacker can send spam 
from that IP and LMAP will make it appear to be authorized until the 
domain admin can react and update LMAP records or regain control over 
the stolen IP space. 
 In the same way that Tier 1 ISPs knowingly allow spammers to reside on 
their networks, it it likely that they will increasingly knowingly allow 
IP Hijackers to connect to their networks. The fact that most hijacked 
IP space is unused somewhat mitigates the risk this poses, as such IPs 
are less likely to be authorized by LMAP records, as does the fact that 
such IP space is often quickly blacklisted [ref to 
http://www.dnsbl.au.sorbs.net/Zombie-FAQ.html].

One more thing - what's with my name being removed from the credits? 
Contributors need to be listed. I and others contributed and are in
<http://asrg.kavi.com/apps/group_public/download.php/18/draft-irtf-asrg-lmap-discussion-00.txt>, 
but not in the later versions; you can grab my contact info from 
<http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-elvey-refuse-sieve-00.txt> if 
you want to add all that. 

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From: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>
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To: Walter Dnes <waltdnes@waltdnes.org>
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] 2. Improving Blacklists and Reputation Services
References: <4027EDD9.7050405@solidmatrix.com> <20040210060616.GB15708@m450>
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Walter Dnes wrote:
> On Mon, Feb 09, 2004 at 03:30:17PM -0500, Yakov Shafranovich wrote
> 
>>All of this implies that reputation services such as blacklists will 
>>continue to exist. However, a major problem has been with these services 
>>is that they provide a binary yes/no answer.
> 
>   There is no inherent binary limitation of today's de-facto DNSbl
> implementations.  DNSbls have have approximately 16 million possible
> responses in the 127.0.0.0/8 CIDR.  And furthermore, they can return
> multiple records for one query (which is the querying software's
> responsibility to handle properly).  Quite a few DNSbls have an
> "aggregate zone", which can return multiple multiple values.

What bothers me is that these codes vary from list to list. Would a 
standard set of codes help?

Second problem that I have is the use of 127.xxx IP addresses for this. 
This is really not something that should be done via IP addresses, a 
custom SRV, RR or TXT record would server a much better purpose.

> 
>   In both of the above cases, the idea is to reduce DNS traffic.  Rather
> than querying half-a-dozen of the sub-zones, I query the master zone,
> and check for any returned values which I want to use.  Similarly, I
> could do multiple queries to cn.countries.nerd.dk, tw.countries.nerd.dk,
> kr.countries.nerd.dk, etc, etc.  But it's less-bandwidth intensive at
> both ends to use the master zone.  There is nothing preventing this type
> of response being interpreted in a different manner that includes
> granularity.

We should explore other protocols beside DNS for exchanging this data.

> 
> 
>>Many commercial ISPs would like to make the decisions themselves.
>>Filters such as SpamAssasin would probably be better off basing data
>>on a larger scale than a simple yes or no.
> 
> 
>   SPEWS already has a "level 1" and "level 2" response.  Is this along
> the lines that you're thinking of ?  Similarly, Spamhaus has multiple
> lists, with one (ROKSO) reserved for blatant, unrepentant spammers.
> Between coded numeric valus, and separate subzones for various degrees
> of spamming, the granularity you are looking for is already available
> in real-life.
> 

I am actually looking at things like SenderBase and SpamCop - how many 
spams were caught, how many emails sent, etc.

Additionally, as I mentioned above, I am looking into whether some 
standard format and protocol would ease the use of blacklists.

Yakov
-------
Yakov Shafranovich / asrg <at> shaftek.org
SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc. / research <at> solidmatrix.com
"I ate your Web page. / Forgive me. It was juicy / And tart on my 
tongue." (MIT's 404 Message)
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Subject: [Asrg] 3b. SMTP Session Verification - Updated reading list for the LMAP
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LMAP Discussion document from the ASRG:

draft-irtf-asrg-lmap-discussion

Proposals:

draft-stumpf-dns-mtamark
draft-brand-drip
draft-danisch-dns-rr-smtp
draft-fecyk-dmp
draft-mengwong-spf
draft-levine-fsv

Yakov

-------
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SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc. / research <at> solidmatrix.com
"Among all our enemies / The ones to be most feared are often the 
smallest" (Jean de la Fontaine)
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] 2. Improving Blacklists and Reputation Services
From: Eugene Crosser <crosser@rol.ru>
To: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>
Cc: Walter Dnes <waltdnes@waltdnes.org>, ASRG list <asrg@ietf.org>
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Hello genlemen,

I am new here; I am a postmaster and sysadmin for a major ISP in my
country, and a programmer (mostly open source).  Lately, we are doing
rather active antispam R&D and that's why I subscribed to this maillist.

On Tue, 2004-02-10 at 22:01, Yakov Shafranovich wrote:
> Walter Dnes wrote:
> > On Mon, Feb 09, 2004 at 03:30:17PM -0500, Yakov Shafranovich wrote
> > 
> >>All of this implies that reputation services such as blacklists will 
> >>continue to exist. However, a major problem has been with these services 
> >>is that they provide a binary yes/no answer.
> > 
> >   There is no inherent binary limitation of today's de-facto DNSbl
> > implementations.  DNSbls have have approximately 16 million possible
> > responses in the 127.0.0.0/8 CIDR.  And furthermore, they can return
> > multiple records for one query (which is the querying software's
> > responsibility to handle properly).  Quite a few DNSbls have an
> > "aggregate zone", which can return multiple multiple values.
> 
> What bothers me is that these codes vary from list to list. Would a 
> standard set of codes help?
> 
> Second problem that I have is the use of 127.xxx IP addresses for this. 
> This is really not something that should be done via IP addresses, a 
> custom SRV, RR or TXT record would server a much better purpose.

This decision of dnsbl maintainers to use 'A' RRs has always made me
feel uneasy.  Given that the search key is a reverse dotted quad IP
address, it seems quite logical to use 'PTR' RR, which would give you
alphanumeric namespace for the return codes.  Or TXT or any other: 'A'
seems the least suitable of all.

I think that if a dnsbl standard is ever proposed, it sould not use 'A'
RRs.  Maybe TXT would be best, as they allow more flexible syntax, like
that used by SPF.

[if I am not supposed to post here not being an asrg member, tell me]

Regards
Eugene


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Subject: [Asrg] 2. Legal - New "No Soliciting" draft posted
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See:

http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-malamud-no-soliciting-06.txt

Yakov
-------
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SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc. / research <at> solidmatrix.com
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Subject: [Asrg] 3b. SMTP Session Verification - LMAP BOF Schedule and Agenda
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The schedule and agenda for the LMAP BOF (MARID) has been posted at the 
IETF sites. The BOF will take place on Thursday, March 4th, 2004 at 9:00 
AM. The current agenda can be found here:

http://www.ietf.org/ietf/04mar/marid.txt

The IETF schedule is here:

http://www.ietf.org/meetings/agenda_59.txt

Yakov
-------
Yakov Shafranovich / asrg <at> shaftek.org
SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc. / research <at> solidmatrix.com
"Among all our enemies / The ones to be most feared are often the 
smallest" (Jean de la Fontaine)
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Subject: [Asrg] FWD: 2b. Filtering Standards - Standard filtering header
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This is forwarded from the filtering subgroup mailing list.

Yakov

------------------------------------------------------------
From: Jesse Dougherty
Subject: Uses of incoming data ...
Date: Mon, 09 Feb 2004 08:49:34 +0000

IMHO, There are really two questions to answer when trying to define
headers added to messages to indicate the results of filtering:
1) what information is useful and to whom?
2) what format is useful and how will it be consumed?

My quick thoughts on #1 ...

The incoming email filtered at a gateway/proxy (SMTP or POP time).  The
message is then available  to a client or workgroup server, where a
message disposition decision is made.

Please Note: The information required by an administrator of a workgroup
server may be different than those of the recipient (as the admin of the
server may have to enforce some local policies regarding content,
privacy, etc).  Definitions of spam aren't consistent (initiate 1 year
email list argument here!).

Different applications implement:
1) unwanted email (ex: bayes systems trained by
individuals/groups)
2) UCBE or some combination thereof (ex: heuristic systems
trained on honeypots)
3) Email Hygiene  (same as #2 but cleaned of porn, scams, and
other nasties)

(Please extend the above if you have more insight).

Questions:
Should we consider a more granular / extensible header spec?


-------
Yakov Shafranovich / asrg <at> shaftek.org
SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc. / research <at> solidmatrix.com
"I want to know G-d's thoughts... the rest are details" (Albert Einstein)
-------

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To: "'Matthew Elvey'" <matthew@elvey.com>, Alan DeKok <aland@ox.org>,
        John Levine <asrg@johnlevine.com>, ASRG <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] LMAP BOF - risk of BGP attacks compromising LMAP is si
	gnificant; Intellectual Property
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Just to clarify some of my earlier comments.

I do think this is a serious issue. That does not mean I believe that the
existing security mechanisms are entirely inadequate. It simply means that I
think we should try to understand whether this is the case or not.

SPF or something like it is going to go ahead, the demand is simply too
strong. There are basically two ways ahead here. The first is we wait till
we hit the wall and try to solve the problem then. The second is that we try
to anticipate.

I would prefer the second. However I am quite willing to give the first a
go. I don't think that the problem is going to be so severe it cannot be
fixed.

Proposals that involve replacement of existing plant are completely
ludicrous and should not be considered.

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Matthew Elvey [mailto:matthew@elvey.com]
> Sent: Tuesday, February 10, 2004 1:02 PM
> To: Alan DeKok; John Levine; ASRG
> Subject: [Asrg] LMAP BOF - risk of BGP attacks compromising LMAP is
> significant; Intellectual Property
> 
> 
> Just wanted to provide some more info on the seriousness of 
> IP hacking, 
> WRT LMAP.
> 
> <http://www.dnsbl.au.sorbs.net/Zombie-FAQ.html> (which is based on 
> <http://www.completewhois.com/hijacked/hijacked_qa.htm>) provides an 
> intro to the issue.  
> <http://www.completewhois.com/hijacked/index.htm>, 
> and other pages at that site make it clear that this is currently a 
> serious problem. In the same way that ISPs knowingly allow 
> spammers to 
> reside on their networks, they will increasingly knowingly allow IP 
> Hijackers to connect to their networks.
> 
> S-BGP is mentioned as an infeasible solution: "S-BGP can solve the 
> problem but will require upgrades to the core Internet 
> infrastructure as 
> it requires a lot more memory for routers ... [and more] CPU power or 
> specific hardware for cryptography. Because of these 
> necessary hardware 
> upgrade and serious investment in new hardware that would be 
> necessary, 
> S-BGP has not gone beyond theoretical work so far. "
> 
> SysAdmins would be wise to ensure that their upstream's IP space is 
> properly registered with their RIRs to a current email 
> address, and that 
> more than just email security is used to authorize updates, 
> and finally 
> to refuse to route through their network IP blocks that are known to 
> have been hijacked, and have their upstreams do so.
> 
> Because this security problem is likely to be ongoing, it should be 
> addressed in draft-irtf-asrg-lmap-discussion.
> Do we have two competing versions of the latest, BTW?
> <http://asrg.kavi.com/apps/group_public/download.php/31/draft-
> irtf-asrg-lmap-discussion-00.txt> 
> ,
> <http://www.taugh.com/draft-irtf-asrg-lmap-discussion-01.txt 
> ? The 00 is 
> newer than the 01> .
> 
> I agree with PHB:
>  > This is something the IAB should consider as a matter of urgency.
> 
> Anyway, here an attempt to address this.
> I propose a section 2.4 that reads something like:
> 
> 2.4 BGP based attacks
> 
> All versions of LMAP rely on the security of TCP to assure that a 
> message that appears to be sent from an IP address is actually from 
> equipment of the owner/renter of that IP address.  But IPs can be and 
> are hijacked - hijackers announce BGP routes to the IP space 
> they wish 
> to steal, and much of the Internet starts routing packets for that IP 
> space to them [ref to 
> http://www.completewhois.com/hijacked/hijacked_qa.htm].  If 
> an IP in IP 
> space authorized by LMAP records is hijacked, the hijacker 
> can send spam 
> from that IP and LMAP will make it appear to be authorized until the 
> domain admin can react and update LMAP records or regain control over 
> the stolen IP space. 
>  In the same way that Tier 1 ISPs knowingly allow spammers to 
> reside on 
> their networks, it it likely that they will increasingly 
> knowingly allow 
> IP Hijackers to connect to their networks. The fact that most 
> hijacked 
> IP space is unused somewhat mitigates the risk this poses, as 
> such IPs 
> are less likely to be authorized by LMAP records, as does the 
> fact that 
> such IP space is often quickly blacklisted [ref to 
> http://www.dnsbl.au.sorbs.net/Zombie-FAQ.html].
> 
> One more thing - what's with my name being removed from the credits? 
> Contributors need to be listed. I and others contributed and are in
> <http://asrg.kavi.com/apps/group_public/download.php/18/draft-
irtf-asrg-lmap-discussion-00.txt>, 
but not in the later versions; you can grab my contact info from 
<http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-elvey-refuse-sieve-00.txt> if 
you want to add all that. 

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From: Brett Watson <famous-asrg@nutters.org>
Organization: PhD Student, Macquarie University
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 2. Improving Blacklists and Reputation Services
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Yakov Shafranovich wrote:
> Second problem that I have is the use of 127.xxx IP addresses for this. This
> is really not something that should be done via IP addresses, a custom SRV,
> RR or TXT record would server a much better purpose.

As I understand it, the primary reason the use of "A" records isn't going away 
any time soon is because they can be accessed with the BSD 4.3 
gethostbyname() function call. Access to other record types requires some 
other API, and there's no other API as broadly deployed.

A push for standard semantics across blacklists will encounter more political 
barriers than technical, I think, but it's worth discussing. If you want to 
introduce new RR types, then bear in mind that they'll have to coexist with 
"A" records for some time as a matter of practicality.

Note also that many blacklists already use TXT records to hold URI pointers to 
further information on the listing.

Regards,
TFBW


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Brett Watson wrote:
> Yakov Shafranovich wrote:
> 
>>Second problem that I have is the use of 127.xxx IP addresses for this. This
>>is really not something that should be done via IP addresses, a custom SRV,
>>RR or TXT record would server a much better purpose.
> 
> 
> As I understand it, the primary reason the use of "A" records isn't going away 
> any time soon is because they can be accessed with the BSD 4.3 
> gethostbyname() function call. Access to other record types requires some 
> other API, and there's no other API as broadly deployed.
> 
> A push for standard semantics across blacklists will encounter more political 
> barriers than technical, I think, but it's worth discussing. If you want to 
> introduce new RR types, then bear in mind that they'll have to coexist with 
> "A" records for some time as a matter of practicality.
> 

It does not hurt to discuss it. If anyone present is involved with a 
blacklist, or feels brave enough to post to NANAE, additional input 
would be welcome.

Yakov

-------
Yakov Shafranovich / asrg <at> shaftek.org
SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc. / research <at> solidmatrix.com
"Some lies are easier to believe than the truth" (Dune)
-------

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Hallam-Baker, Phillip wrote:
> Just to clarify some of my earlier comments.
> 
> I do think this is a serious issue. That does not mean I believe that the
> existing security mechanisms are entirely inadequate. It simply means that I
> think we should try to understand whether this is the case or not.
> 

If this threat any worse than all of the possibly threats against DNS? 
If it is on the same level, than we should just mention both in the 
discussion document. That should be sufficient.

As for solutions, it might be something that the routing folks need to 
deal with. I am not sure if we have the mandate or the expertise to deal 
with it.

Yakov


-------
Yakov Shafranovich / asrg <at> shaftek.org
SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc. / research <at> solidmatrix.com
"Power tends to corrupt, and absolute power corrupts absolutely" (Lord 
Acton)
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From: Brett Watson <famous-asrg@nutters.org>
Organization: PhD Student, Macquarie University
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 3b. SMTP Session Verification - The Forwarding Problem
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I'll try to make this my last word on the subject, since the appropriate forum 
for this discussion is probably the new verification sub-group, and I haven't 
jumped through the necessary hoops to gain posting privs there.

Jon Kyme wrote:
> But then, I still can't see what's wrong with tweaking the MAIL FROM.

In an off-list message, Jon clarified that he was alluding to the following 
document.

  http://spf.pobox.com/draft-mengwong-sender-rewrite-01.txt

I make the following observations.

* Sender rewriting is vulnerable to abuse as a mail relay unless the 
implementing MTA generates unique return addresses. (See "Hash Secrets" in 
the referenced document.) VIA has no such vulnerability.

* If "Hash Secrets" are used, then sender rewriting may lose its value as a 
diagnostic trace of the forwarding path. VIA is always useful as a diagnostic 
trace.

* If "Hash Secrets" are used, the implementing MTA must maintain several days 
of secret-to-email-addresse mapping data, or use a reversible cryptographic 
encoding. VIA requires no cryptographic techniques or additional maintenance 
of state.

* Sender rewriting can run afoul of address length limitations unless a "Hash 
Secret" regime is chosen to avoid it. VIA faces no such problem, as it does 
not overload any existing field.

* Sender rewriting makes the return path trustable, so that there is no 
concern of returning a bounce message to an unrelated third party. VIA can 
provide no direct assurance about the return path, but if you accept the 
lemma that "forwarded mail is only accepted from explicitly trusted parties", 
then VIA effectively provides the same assurance, as trusted parties provide 
trustworthy data.

* Sender rewriting introduces network overhead into the bounce process, as 
bounces will be "un-forwarded" through the MTAs they were initially forwarded 
through. VIA maintains the traditional "direct" method of returning bounces.

* I consider "anonymous remailers" to be "remailers" rather than "forwarders". 
If an anonymous remailer wishes to allow replies and/or bounces, it will be 
obliged to use a cryptographically secure mapping between its own addresses 
and the addresses of its clients. VIA is not relevant to this case.

Regards,
TFBW


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Subject: RE: [Asrg] LMAP BOF - risk of BGP attacks compromising LMAP is si
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> If this threat any worse than all of the possibly threats 
> against DNS? 

Far worse in that it brings down large parts of the Internet in
the worst case - for real. 

The probability of it being realized is lower, the consequences
are much higher.

> If it is on the same level, than we should just mention both in the 
> discussion document. That should be sufficient.
> 
> As for solutions, it might be something that the routing 
> folks need to 
> deal with. I am not sure if we have the mandate or the 
> expertise to deal 
> with it.

It is not our problem. But there is no point in the IETF as a
common forum if we do not raise it and solicit advice.

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Message-ID: <4029992E.8090906@solidmatrix.com>
From: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>
Organization: SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc.
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Brett Watson wrote:
> I'll try to make this my last word on the subject, since the appropriate forum 
> for this discussion is probably the new verification sub-group, and I haven't 
> jumped through the necessary hoops to gain posting privs there.
> 

If you want to join any subgroup, just let the chairs know.

Yakov
-------
Yakov Shafranovich / asrg <at> shaftek.org
SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc. / research <at> solidmatrix.com
"Be liberal in what you accept, and conservative in what you send" (Jon 
Postel)
-------

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To: ASRG list <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 2. Improving Blacklists and Reputation Services
Message-ID: <20040211051332.GB16822@m450>
References: <C6DDA43B91BFDA49AA2F1E473732113E0A182C@mou1wnexm05.vcorp.ad.vrsn.com> <4027FF64.9010902@solidmatrix.com> <200402092347.i19NldZ24320@panix5.panix.com>
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On Mon, Feb 09, 2004 at 06:47:39PM -0500, Seth Breidbart wrote
> Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com> wrote:
> 
> > An accrediation service is vouching for someone, a reputation
> > service is stating an opinion of someone's reputation. The two
> > things are different.
> 
> How are they different (in any way that matters to me)?  In both
> cases, a third party X is saying something to the effect of "I think
> you should trust Y."  (Or is it that accreditation can only be
> positive, while reputation can be positive or negative?  In that case,
> I see no reason for accreditation services since they're strictly a
> subset of reputation services.)

  I interpret accreditation to mean testifying to known facts.  E.g. the
company using a certificate is XYZ.  Reputation is more word-of-mouth,
or what the community *THINKS* of someone's character.

-- 
Walter Dnes <waltdnes@waltdnes.org>
Email users are divided into two classes;
1) Those who have effective spam-blocking
2) Those who wish they did

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Subject: Re: [Asrg] 2. Improving Blacklists and Reputation Services
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On Tue, Feb 10, 2004 at 02:01:59PM -0500, Yakov Shafranovich wrote

> What bothers me is that these codes vary from list to list. Would a 
> standard set of codes help?

  Back in the days of the DNSbl-BCP sublist, I proposed a rough draft
for certain metadata.  Right now 127.0.0.2 seems to be the de-facto
standard for single-purpose zones, where a binary YES/NO is sufficient.
Aggregate zones are a special case, depending on what they want to do.
For the SORBS example, adjacent IP addresses are the way to go.
zz.countries.nerd.dk is trying to encode a numeric result.

> Second problem that I have is the use of 127.xxx IP addresses
> for this.  This is really not something that should be done via
> IP addresses, a custom SRV, RR or TXT record would server a much
> better purpose.

  Don't forget that the internet is global, and there are many languages
and character sets for that matter.  Should TXT messages be in English
or Chinese ?  Which character set ?  Please justify.  On the other hand,
numeric codes, in the form of an IP address can be interpreted in any
language.

> We should explore other protocols beside DNS for exchanging this data.

  If we can find a better mousetrap, by all means.  The major advantage
of DNSbls is that they can be implemented without basic changes in the
infrastructure.  That is a problem that has caused grief with many
anti-spam proposals.

> I am actually looking at things like SenderBase and SpamCop

  Puh-lease, not Spamcop and SenderBase.  Those two are are absolute
jokes...

  - Spamcop, in it's early days, sent off complaints to IANA about spam
    originating from 10.0.0.0/8.  They've filtered such obvious junk,
    but I still don't trust them.  SpamCop is marketed to newbies who
    don't know how to parse headers.  As long as it relies on newbie
    users who can't parse headers, I will not trust them.  Like all
    automated software, it can produce some howlers.  People who can
    parse headers can catch the mistakes, newbies can't.  AOL gets
    blocked every now and then.  As a matter of fact
    http://www.spamcop.net/bl.shtml specifically states...
"This blocking list is somewhat experimental and should not be used
in a production environment where legitimate email must be delivered."

  - SenderBase, what can I say about them.  I've read quite a few posts
    by people I trust, saying that SenderBase has listed IP addresses
    that have never been used by mailservers.  OK, so that's 2nd hand
    stories.  Look up the following two URLs...
http://www.senderbase.org/search?searchString=0.0.0.0%2F16
http://www.senderbase.org/search?searchString=169.254.0.0%2F16

and click on the IP addresses they list.  Those damn spammers at IANA
again<g>.  Their listing is *MUCH* less of a joke today than it was back
in December, when there were tons of listings in RFC1918 and multicast
space.  If they've merely applied filters to zap obvious errors, I still
have reason to question the overall reliability of Senderbase listings.

  In other words, those two are the absolute last DNSbls I would use.
They are great for setting up strawman arguments about why DNSbls are
bad, but I wouldn't use them on my incoming email.  SPEWS produces less
collateral damage, fer-cryin-out-loud.

-- 
Walter Dnes <waltdnes@waltdnes.org>
Email users are divided into two classes;
1) Those who have effective spam-blocking
2) Those who wish they did

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Subject: Re: [Asrg] 2. Improving Blacklists and Reputation Services
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References: <4027EDD9.7050405@solidmatrix.com> <20040210060616.GB15708@m450> <40292AA7.2060903@solidmatrix.com> <1076443941.7399.52.camel@ariel.sovam.com>
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On Tue, Feb 10, 2004 at 11:12:22PM +0300, Eugene Crosser wrote

> I think that if a dnsbl standard is ever proposed, it sould not use 'A'
> RRs.  Maybe TXT would be best, as they allow more flexible syntax, like
> that used by SPF.

  As I've mentioned previously, the internet is global in scope.  Which
language and which character set do you propose to use for TXT messages?
IP addresses used as numeric codes can be handled in any language, and
character sets are immaterial.

-- 
Walter Dnes <waltdnes@waltdnes.org>
Email users are divided into two classes;
1) Those who have effective spam-blocking
2) Those who wish they did

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> 
>   http://spf.pobox.com/draft-mengwong-sender-rewrite-01.txt
> 
> 
[observations snipped]


The concerns are legitimate and need to be (are being) addressed, however,
"sender rewriting" doesn't seem to require any changes except at providers
of forwarding services, it's completely backwards compatible, as far as I
can tell, and doesn't call for any extensions. It may not be as technically
"neat" as other suggestions, but I'd guess it has a much better chance of
deployment.

Sender rewriting provides a whole new envelope, while Brett's "VIA" would
provide for adding to the envelope.










--

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From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@ox.org>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Spooked mail addresses 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Mon, 09 Feb 2004 12:21:34 EST."
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Seth Breidbart <sethb@panix.com> wrote:
> So you're looking for a way to distinguish spam from non-spam prior to
> receiving the message?  It can't be done.  Period.

  It can't be done perfectly.  But it can be done better than we do it
now.

  Please don't go down the path of "we shouldn't do it until we can do
it perfectly, but we know we can't do it perfectly, so we shouldn't
even start."  It's dated and tiring.

> Do you know the difference between "spam" and "forgery"?

  Do you know how I can tell?  The answer is I can't.  So all forged
messages appear to be spam.

  I could swear there's an echo in here.

> >  As the recipient *I* don't know that such forged messages aren't
> > spam.
> 
> *You* apparently don't even know that such non-forged messages aren't
> forged.

  They look forged to me.  But you're telling me on a mailing list
"Hey, trust me!".  I couldn't describe how little impact that has on
my MTA.

  Your comments are irrelevant to the only relevant subject: how can
MTA's make this determination.  You're stuck on the concept that it
*can* be made, and are studiously avoiding any kind of rational
discussion on *how*.

> That's right.  All that I'm objecting to is your _mischaracterizing_
> what is being done as "forgery".

  Once again for the terminally clueless: If I can't tell it isn't
forged, it's forged.

> How do you trust _any other_ sender?

  My toys, my rules.  I trust certain domains, and my MTA checks that
mail allegedly from those domains really comes from a machine known to
those domains.

  This solution doesn't scale.  I want a solution that scales.  You
want to talk about anything but how to implement something we can use.

  Thanks for trying, but I don't see any point in continuing this
conversation.

  Alan DeKok.

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From: George Schlossnagle <george@omniti.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 2. Improving Blacklists and Reputation Services
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On Feb 11, 2004, at 12:13 AM, Walter Dnes wrote:

> On Mon, Feb 09, 2004 at 06:47:39PM -0500, Seth Breidbart wrote
>> Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com> wrote:
>>
>>> An accrediation service is vouching for someone, a reputation
>>> service is stating an opinion of someone's reputation. The two
>>> things are different.
>>
>> How are they different (in any way that matters to me)?  In both
>> cases, a third party X is saying something to the effect of "I think
>> you should trust Y."  (Or is it that accreditation can only be
>> positive, while reputation can be positive or negative?  In that case,
>> I see no reason for accreditation services since they're strictly a
>> subset of reputation services.)
>
>   I interpret accreditation to mean testifying to known facts.  E.g. 
> the
> company using a certificate is XYZ.  Reputation is more word-of-mouth,
> or what the community *THINKS* of someone's character.

Accreditation to me involves an official, recognizable entity 
certifying that the party in question meets some sort of standard.  
This accrediting entity should be widely recognized as being able to 
provide this sort of assessment without need for corroborating support.

Reputation is a less-formal aggregate measure formed from the 
collective opinion of a community.

The difference to me is that with accreditation you can point back to a 
single entity as the source, while with reputation you cannot.

George


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References: <4027EDD9.7050405@solidmatrix.com> <20040210060616.GB15708@m450> <40292AA7.2060903@solidmatrix.com> <20040211063246.GC16822@m450>
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Walter Dnes wrote:
> On Tue, Feb 10, 2004 at 02:01:59PM -0500, Yakov Shafranovich wrote
> 
>>Second problem that I have is the use of 127.xxx IP addresses
>>for this.  This is really not something that should be done via
>>IP addresses, a custom SRV, RR or TXT record would server a much
>>better purpose.
> 
> 
>   Don't forget that the internet is global, and there are many languages
> and character sets for that matter.  Should TXT messages be in English
> or Chinese ?  Which character set ?  Please justify.  On the other hand,
> numeric codes, in the form of an IP address can be interpreted in any
> language.
> 

A new RR with its own format or a TXT record with its own format. I am 
not talking about a free form format, rather something like LMAP.

What I am basically trying to figure out is whether taking the entire 
mix of DNSBLs outthere with all of their various response codes, 
formats, etc. and standardazing it would help.

> 
>>We should explore other protocols beside DNS for exchanging this data.
> 
> 
>   If we can find a better mousetrap, by all means.  The major advantage
> of DNSbls is that they can be implemented without basic changes in the
> infrastructure.  That is a problem that has caused grief with many
> anti-spam proposals.
> 

For major ISPs, bulk transfer of data might be better. To avoid DDOS, 
P2P might be better. There are other cases.

> 
>>I am actually looking at things like SenderBase and SpamCop
> 
> 
....
>   Puh-lease, not Spamcop and SenderBase.  Those two are are absolute
> jokes...
>   In other words, those two are the absolute last DNSbls I would use.
> They are great for setting up strawman arguments about why DNSbls are
> bad, but I wouldn't use them on my incoming email.  SPEWS produces less
> collateral damage, fer-cryin-out-loud.
> 

Its a strawman - I am not refering to the use of them, rather to the 
data the main systems provide. ISPs can use such data to make their own 
decisions rather than relying on the BL operator to do it for them.

Yakov

P.S. My company's ISP uses SpamCop, so I know first hand exactly how 
much damage it is causing. So far efforts to drop it, haven't been 
successful :(

-------
Yakov Shafranovich / asrg <at> shaftek.org
SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc. / research <at> solidmatrix.com
"But in this world nothing can be said to be certain, except death and 
taxes" (Benjamin Franklin)
-------

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Message-ID: <402A3600.7040503@solidmatrix.com>
From: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>
Organization: SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc.
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] 3b. SMTP Session Verification - The Forwarding Problem
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Jon Kyme wrote:
>>  http://spf.pobox.com/draft-mengwong-sender-rewrite-01.txt
> 
> [observations snipped]
> 
> 
> The concerns are legitimate and need to be (are being) addressed, however,
> "sender rewriting" doesn't seem to require any changes except at providers
> of forwarding services, it's completely backwards compatible, as far as I
> can tell, and doesn't call for any extensions. It may not be as technically
> "neat" as other suggestions, but I'd guess it has a much better chance of
> deployment.
> 
> Sender rewriting provides a whole new envelope, while Brett's "VIA" would
> provide for adding to the envelope.
> 
> 

There are some concerns with the length limits of certain RFC 2822 
headers such as "Return Path" which might cause problems with sender 
rewriting.

Yakov
-------
Yakov Shafranovich / asrg <at> shaftek.org
SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc. / research <at> solidmatrix.com
"Some lies are easier to believe than the truth" (Dune)
-------

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        Walter Dnes
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Subject: RE: [Asrg] 2. Improving Blacklists and Reputation Services
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> A new RR with its own format or a TXT record with its own 
> format. I am 
> not talking about a free form format, rather something like LMAP.

The info I get from the DNS engineers is that new RRs take a very long time
to propagate. DNS servers are not required to support them or forward them
under the standard.

We almost certainly do not need a TXT record per entry. If we do there
starts to be a scaling issue on the back end. If you have 60 million domains
to track you need to keep a handle on the per-domain data. 3 bytes per
domain is 120 Mb. 32 bytes per domain is 1.2Gb and so on...

And that memory footprint will affect caches as well.

What I suggest is that we use an A record for _per_domain_ info and a TXT
record to describe the format of the record - see my accreditation draft.


> What I am basically trying to figure out is whether taking the entire 
> mix of DNSBLs outthere with all of their various response codes, 
> formats, etc. and standardazing it would help.

Trying to get people to change what they are doing today in a major way is
going to fail. They will all wait for someone else to move. Much better to
work out how to work within the system. A single TXT record giving
descriptive information solves that problem.

With the metadata approach you can also tell the user that there is
additional info that is NOT in A records. For example a link to a digital
certificate, and yes a TXT record if it is really necessary and useful.


> For major ISPs, bulk transfer of data might be better. To avoid DDOS, 
> P2P might be better. There are other cases.

DDoS is a solved problem for the core DNS. That is why Vixie used it in the
first place.

Bulk transfer is a useful supplement, but remember that we have been through
this whole thing in the PKI space for 15 years and the trend has been away
from CRLs to OCSP/XKMS. In other words the opposite to what you suggest.

I would expect that there would be alternative arragements for the major
ISPs. But remember that they get their .com data that way so they can do it
for their spam data.


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Subject: Re: [Asrg] 3b. SMTP Session Verification - The Forwarding Problem
To: "ASRG" <asrg@ietf.org>
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> Jon Kyme wrote:
> >>  http://spf.pobox.com/draft-mengwong-sender-rewrite-01.txt
> > 
> > [observations snipped]
> > 

> 
> 
> There are some concerns with the length limits of certain RFC 2822 
> headers such as "Return Path" which might cause problems with sender 
> rewriting.
>
 
Yes, these concerns are addressed by the use of some max-length "cookie"
rather than an ever-growing (with each forward) verp-like string.

Of course, this loses the sender string's "trace" 
(which is still available in the headers - so no real loss ?) 
but also limits the risk of exploitation via an explicit return-path
"routing".

It would require the forwarder to maintain some data,
which will have privacy/security implications.

Some kind of envelope modification (i.e. more than just RCPT) is probably
required for happy forwarding in an environment made unfriendly by LMAP.

It's not a big deal really, but it can't be ignored.








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On Wednesday 11 February 2004 19:41, Hallam-Baker, Phillip wrote:
> DDoS is a solved problem for the core DNS. That is why Vixie used it in the
> first place.

Yes, solved, because it is under DDoS all the time:
http://www.npaci.edu/online/v7.3/caida.root.html
New functionality will introduce new issues (by the way, it is already a 
straightforward reason to reject new functionality). And million zombie army 
is not something unreal today.
DNS root is too far from its clients to somehow affect their behavior, 
implement some policy or establish some 'contract'. At the same time it has 
to run at any cost. This abyss between abilities and responsibilities may be 
source of many problems.
So, your 'solved' better be understood as 'solved for now, until nothing has 
changed'.
E.g. LMAP deployment may introduce additional pressures: functional, 
bug-related and malicious.

Excuse me for being pessimistic and being off-topic, but DNS wasn't engineered 
to express reputation and trust. There is a high risk to be involved in 
programming 3D shooter for exactly the Turing machine. H. Danisch states we 
already do. (I currently don't think so.)

-- 

	Viktor S. Grishchenko

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On Feb 11, 2004, at 11:37 AM, Viktor S. Grishchenko wrote:
> Excuse me for being pessimistic and being off-topic, but DNS wasn't 
> engineered
> to express reputation and trust. There is a high risk to be involved in
> programming 3D shooter for exactly the Turing machine. H. Danisch 
> states we
> already do. (I currently don't think so.)

I don't completely get the analogy, but DNS was designed as an 
informational system, having the authoritative record-holder for a 
domain express policy information in a TXT record for that domain seems 
well in-line with the original design.

George


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Not exactly the question asked by Yakov, but mainly about what RBLs will be.

If I look at our mail server who's sending spam, I can see that most of 
them are doing only very few connections a day : one, two or three. Very 
few gateways do more than five connections. - I'm talking about a 
mailserver with some thousand users and about 50 K connections a day.

This may indicate that many spam is sent by a distributed system of 
workers, and not by open relays.

If this is the case, and if this kind of way continues - the tendance 
will be to have more and more IP addresses to be inserted on blacklists.

Also, the time some particular IP address will be used by spammers have 
chances to be shorter than the address of an open relay.

The possible consequence is that the number of addresses may explode.

Nowadays, list.dsbl.org has 2100000 (two million and a hundred thousand) 
addresses.

Is it reasonable to consider that there isn't a limit on the number of 
IP addresses on a blacklist ?





Yakov Shafranovich wrote:
> I would like to pose a question to the group. The IP address of the 
> incoming MTA is the only sure thing that we possess today that cannot be 
> easily spoofed (BGP attacks aside). There are numerous blacklist and 
> reputation services out there that carry and store information about IP 
> addresses. With an LMAP-type proposal like DRIP, this information can 
> also be keyed by domain name.
> 
> All of this implies that reputation services such as blacklists will 
> continue to exist. However, a major problem has been with these services 
> is that they provide a binary yes/no answer. Many commercial ISPs would 
> like to make the decisions themselves. Filters such as SpamAssasin would 
> probably be better off basing data on a larger scale than a simple yes 
> or no.
> 
> Taking all of this into account, I ask the following:
> 1. Is it feasible to develop a standard format and protocols for storing 
> and quering data from reputation services?
> 2. Is it feasible for such format to be feature rich providing more data 
> than a simple yes/no. Meng Wong of SPF proposed on his list a while back 
> something like how many messages sent by MTA, how many were spam, etc., 
> akin to what SenderBase does.
> 3. Can this be supplemented by accrediation formats and protocols?
> 4. Would any of this improve blacklists?
> 5. Would all of this reduce spam?
> 
> Feel free to forward this message to other lists, and NANAE.
> 
> Yakov
> -------
> Yakov Shafranovich / asrg <at> shaftek.org
> SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc. / research <at> solidmatrix.com
> "I ate your Web page. / Forgive me. It was juicy / And tart on my 
> tongue." (MIT's 404 Message)
> -------
> 
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg
> 
> 



-- 
  ---------------------------------------------------------------
  Jose Marcio MARTINS DA CRUZ           Tel. :(33) 01.40.51.93.41
  Ecole des Mines de Paris              http://j-chkmail.ensmp.fr
  60, bd Saint Michel                http://www.ensmp.fr/~martins
  75272 - PARIS CEDEX 06      mailto:Jose-Marcio.Martins@ensmp.fr


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Subject: Re: [Asrg] 2. Improving Blacklists and Reputation Services
References: <C6DDA43B91BFDA49AA2F1E473732113E0A182C@mou1wnexm05.vcorp.ad.vrsn.com> <4027FF64.9010902@solidmatrix.com> <200402092347.i19NldZ24320@panix5.panix.com> <20040211051332.GB16822@m450> <A7A9DAC8-5C9B-11D8-AA0A-000393B2B3C0@omniti.com>
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> Accreditation to me involves an official, recognizable entity
> certifying that the party in question meets some sort of standard.
> This accrediting entity should be widely recognized as being able to
> provide this sort of assessment without need for corroborating
> support.

"official" according to whom?  "widely recognized" among whom?

> Reputation is a less-formal aggregate measure formed from the 
> collective opinion of a community.

Defined how?

Where would you place something like SPEWS?  It seems to me that just
about all of the interesting cases don't meet either of those
definitions.

Seth

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References: <C6DDA43B91BFDA49AA2F1E473732113E0A182C@mou1wnexm05.vcorp.ad.vrsn.com> <4027FF64.9010902@solidmatrix.com> <200402092347.i19NldZ24320@panix5.panix.com> <20040211051332.GB16822@m450> <A7A9DAC8-5C9B-11D8-AA0A-000393B2B3C0@omniti.com> <200402111800.i1BI0VU02730@panix5.panix.com>
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From: George Schlossnagle <george@omniti.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 2. Improving Blacklists and Reputation Services
To: Seth Breidbart <sethb@panix.com>
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On Feb 11, 2004, at 1:00 PM, Seth Breidbart wrote:

>> Accreditation to me involves an official, recognizable entity
>> certifying that the party in question meets some sort of standard.
>> This accrediting entity should be widely recognized as being able to
>> provide this sort of assessment without need for corroborating
>> support.
>
> "official" according to whom?  "widely recognized" among whom?

Well that's the rub, eh?  The validity of an accrediting entity is 
always questionable.  If you look at most accreditations in meatspace, 
you end up with the same issue.  In general, unless the accrediting 
entity is granted there powers legally, the legitimacy of such an 
entity rests with the community.

>> Reputation is a less-formal aggregate measure formed from the
>> collective opinion of a community.
>
> Defined how?
>
> Where would you place something like SPEWS?  It seems to me that just
> about all of the interesting cases don't meet either of those
> definitions.

Well, why do all cases have to fall into those two categories?  I would 
say that SPEWS is neither.  It certainly is not an accreditor, as

a) it does not certify anyone
b) it bills itself only as a reporting service, not a policy service

I don't think it's a reputation system either, though you could make 
the claims that they provide a gateway into a reputation service (since 
the accumulate reports and make listing judgements based on the 
aggregated info) or that the public dnsrbls collectively form a 
reputation service.

I see SPEWS as a watchdog group, which is a third type of system.  
BondedSender is probably the closest thing to an 'accreditor' for 
email.

George


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Subject: Re: [Asrg] LMAP BOF - risk of BGP attacks compromising LMAP is significant
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On 2/10/2004 4:47 PM, Yakov Shafranovich sent forth electrons to convey:

> Hallam-Baker, Phillip wrote:
>
>> Just to clarify some of my earlier comments.
>>
>> I do think this is a serious issue. That does not mean I believe that 
>> the
>> existing security mechanisms are entirely inadequate. It simply means 
>> that I
>> think we should try to understand whether this is the case or not.
>>
>
> If this threat any worse than all of the possibly threats against DNS? 
> If it is on the same level, than we should just mention both in the 
> discussion document. That should be sufficient.

I think it's at least as bad, as we know BGP attacks of the kind we're 
discussing are occuring regularly in the wild, while I at least don't 
know that's the case for DNS attacks of the kind we're discussing (I 
know there are DNS attacks of other types, which don't concern us 
occurring regularly).  I think that's all we can do.  Perhaps the sorbs 
folks could be asked what fraction of the lookups that are hits are hits 
in hijacked IP space. 
(I'm tempted to suggest that we suggest that a scoring system weigh 
listing in a DNSRBL of stolen IP space more heavily than an OK from 
LMAP, but won't; it currently not in LMAP's scope.)

And the probability of small BGP attacks of the kind we're discussing is 
close to 1

>
> As for solutions, it might be something that the routing folks need to 
> deal with. I am not sure if we have the mandate or the expertise to 
> deal with it.

I agree, it's not for us to deal with.

>
> Yakov 

PHB wrote:

>Far worse in that it brings down large parts of the Internet in
>the worst case - for real. 
>
>The probability of it being realized is lower, the consequences
>are much higher.
>
Actually, the probability of BGP attacks that take over small parts of 
the Internet is close to 1 - it is going on now; see the link in my 
previous email -
www.completewhois.com has long lists of bogons and hijacked IP subnets, 
many of them current, and some of them not so small - e.g.  current /8 
bogons, current /16 hijacks, and past /8 hijacks.

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From: Daniel Feenberg <feenberg@nber.org>
To: George Schlossnagle <george@omniti.com>
cc: "Viktor S. Grishchenko" <gritzko@post.dcn.ru>, asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 2. Improving Blacklists and Reputation Services
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Some years ago I saw a long essay posted on the web with a title something
like "DNS makes a bad distributed database for things other than domain
names". It was written in the style of an RFC, but it doesn't look like it
was ever made part of the series. 

I don't remember if the arguments made in the paper were good, or merely
repeated obvious points about the possible propagation of stale entries,
data format limitations, etc. Does anyone remember that paper?

I would add that the use of DNS for distributing RBL information has a
remarkable breadth of support covering all major open source and
proprietary MTAs, and could better be held up as a model for imitation,
rather than carping about minor shortcomings. 

On Wed, 11 Feb 2004, George Schlossnagle wrote:

> 
> On Feb 11, 2004, at 11:37 AM, Viktor S. Grishchenko wrote:
> > Excuse me for being pessimistic and being off-topic, but DNS wasn't 
> > engineered
> > to express reputation and trust. There is a high risk to be involved in
> > programming 3D shooter for exactly the Turing machine. H. Danisch 
> > states we
> > already do. (I currently don't think so.)
> 
> I don't completely get the analogy, but DNS was designed as an 
> informational system, having the authoritative record-holder for a 
> domain express policy information in a TXT record for that domain seems 
> well in-line with the original design.
> 
> George
> 
> 
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg
> 



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To: <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] Its all over for Challenge Response
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At 04 February 2004 03:03 Andreas Saurwein wrote:-

> At 2/2/2004 01:59 Monday, Hallam-Baker, Phillip wrote:
> >I don't want my ISP making arbitrary decisions about what mail I receive,
> >I want to make those decisions myself, although I will probably use
> >third party info to do so.
>
> Phill, I think that you are making the almost usual mistake here in this
> group that you assume that everybody on the internet has an idea what they
> are doing. These days are over. Since about 10 years people using the
> internet have not a single idea about the technical side of it.
> 99.9% of all mail users would be more than happy when their ISP would do
> anything to suppress their spam. If this costs some legitimate mails
> occasionally, ok, so be it. People are used to it.

How does that detract from Pill's point?  Where is the problem in the ISP
offering an optional blocking service?

The ISP I use for my home machines offers an optional spam-blocking service.
I chose to switch it on for my systems. It quarantines incoming spam for a
limted time (a few days), so I can pick it up if I want it.  It doesn't send
me stupid notifications about having received spam, it lets me look at the
quarantine area on the MTA when I feel like it. That's an ordinary IPS
targeting the mass of consumers, most of whom are certainly too unaware to
do their own filtering (just as you suggest) but they are certainly not so
dumb that they don't understand the options the ISP is offereing them. I
believe the vast majority have the filtering switched on.

For my work machine, I don't use any external spam filtering. Different
world, different choice.

Where I do get more complex than the average user is in the use of
disposable addresses and addresses where the spam filter is on sometimes and
not at other times; I wouldn't expect the average internet to use those
things.  I would be fairly annoyed if my ISP prevented me from using them. I
would be even more annoyed if the advice of some techie (perhaps you?) with
too low an opinion of the average user caused the ISP to pull the plug on
optional filtering (either making it mandatory or not available). That would
be real dumbing down.

Tom


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I guess that's wrong with a second rate education - it's holders think that
their failure to communicate with ordinary people is a failure in those
ordinary people rather than a failure in themselves.

Tom

-----Original Message-----
From: asrg-admin@ietf.org [mailto:asrg-admin@ietf.org]On Behalf Of
Andreas Saurwein
Sent: 04 February 2004 03:33
To: Hallam-Baker, Phillip; asrg@ietf.org
Subject: RE: [Asrg] Its all over for Challenge Response


At 4/2/2004 01:18 Wednesday, Hallam-Baker, Phillip wrote:
> > Phill, I think that you are making the almost usual mistake
> > here in this
> > group that you assume that everybody on the internet has an
> > idea what they
> > are doing.
>
>Actually this is ny main complaint about the IETF establishment.
>They still think they have a right to control the future of the net
>but they simply don't care about the ordinary user.

Suppose that is the price we pay with education - we expect others to have
the same level of knowledge and that they understand us and our reasoning.

<snip>



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	 <george@omniti.com>
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> Some years ago I saw a long essay posted on the web with a 
> title something
> like "DNS makes a bad distributed database for things other 
> than domain
> names". It was written in the style of an RFC, but it doesn't 
> look like it
> was ever made part of the series. 

I seem to recall John Klensen getting irate about all sorts of 
junk just getting thrown in without any sort of architecture.
There was a presentation at an IETF.

I think that a lot of his points were on the issue of fuzzy match
though. DNS is fast because it is an exact match scheme. Try to
fuzz it or include search (aka X.500, LDAP or other failures)
and it goes bazzzongo.


I agree in principle, but disagree that there is no architecture.
We could have one, just insist that the SPF TXT record uses
the _SPF prefix.

It is an entirely logical extension to the DNS. Instead of 
extending through the RR system we extend through the name 
system.


> I would add that the use of DNS for distributing RBL information has a
> remarkable breadth of support covering all major open source and
> proprietary MTAs, and could better be held up as a model for 
> imitation,
> rather than carping about minor shortcomings. 

The other information point here is that there has been
a lot of work on Web Services and WSDL and WS-Policy and
that can all be run back to the DNS through appropriate
syntax modifications.
 

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From: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>
Organization: SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc.
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To: "Hallam-Baker, Phillip" <pbaker@verisign.com>
CC: "'Daniel Feenberg'" <feenberg@nber.org>,
        George Schlossnagle <george@omniti.com>,
        "Viktor S. Grishchenko" <gritzko@post.dcn.ru>, asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 2. Improving Blacklists and Reputation Services
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Hallam-Baker, Phillip wrote:

>>I would add that the use of DNS for distributing RBL information has a
>>remarkable breadth of support covering all major open source and
>>proprietary MTAs, and could better be held up as a model for 
>>imitation,
>>rather than carping about minor shortcomings. 
> 
> 
> The other information point here is that there has been
> a lot of work on Web Services and WSDL and WS-Policy and
> that can all be run back to the DNS through appropriate
> syntax modifications.
>  

Would there be a benefit to the community:
1. Codifying the existing BCPs, protocols and formats in use.
2. Researching future possible formats and protocols.

Yakov
-------
Yakov Shafranovich / asrg <at> shaftek.org
SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc. / research <at> solidmatrix.com
"But in this world nothing can be said to be certain, except death and 
taxes" (Benjamin Franklin)
-------

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To: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>
CC: "Hallam-Baker, Phillip" <pbaker@verisign.com>,
        "'Daniel Feenberg'" <feenberg@nber.org>,
        George Schlossnagle <george@omniti.com>,
        "Viktor S. Grishchenko" <gritzko@post.dcn.ru>, asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 2. Improving Blacklists and Reputation Services (personal
 RMX)
References: <C6DDA43B91BFDA49AA2F1E473732113E0A1867@mou1wnexm05.vcorp.ad.vrsn.com> <402AAD89.1080104@solidmatrix.com>
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I have been of the opinion since late 2002 that DNS would make perfect sense
as the way to distribute *PERSONAL* (not per-domain) RMX information.

Furthermore I think Verisign (who has at least two people who read this 
list)
would be the perfect entity to unilaterally initiate such a project, 
since they
(some of them, at least) would like to see everyone have a personal domain.

Personal RMX information in your personal domain.   Or at least
a protocol for listing personal RMX information with the domain of which
you are a member:  when your e-mail addy is you@your.dom your RMX
host listings would appear under d.c.b.a.you.rmx.your.domain where a.b.c.d
are the dotted-quad IPv4 addresses of the hosts you use.



Yakov Shafranovich wrote:

> Hallam-Baker, Phillip wrote:
>
>>> I would add that the use of DNS for distributing RBL information has a
>>> remarkable breadth of support covering all major open source and
>>> proprietary MTAs, and could better be held up as a model for imitation,
>>> rather than carping about minor shortcomings. 
>>
>>
>>
>> The other information point here is that there has been
>> a lot of work on Web Services and WSDL and WS-Policy and
>> that can all be run back to the DNS through appropriate
>> syntax modifications.
>>  
>
>
> Would there be a benefit to the community:
> 1. Codifying the existing BCPs, protocols and formats in use.
> 2. Researching future possible formats and protocols.
>
> Yakov



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From: Brett Watson <famous-asrg@nutters.org>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: RE: [Asrg] 2. Improving Blacklists and Reputation Services
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Hallam-Baker, Phillip wrote:
> I think that a lot of his points were on the issue of fuzzy match
> though. DNS is fast because it is an exact match scheme. Try to
> fuzz it or include search (aka X.500, LDAP or other failures)
> and it goes bazzzongo.

I believe this was RFC-ified as RFC 3467, "Role of the Domain Name System". It 
makes a modestly interesting read.

Regards,
TFBW


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From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@ox.org>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 2. Improving Blacklists and Reputation Services 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Wed, 11 Feb 2004 18:02:37 +0100."
             <402A602D.30200@ensmp.fr> 
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Jose Marcio Martins da Cruz <Jose-Marcio.Martins@ensmp.fr> wrote:
> If I look at our mail server who's sending spam, I can see that most of 
> them are doing only very few connections a day : one, two or three. Very 
> few gateways do more than five connections. - I'm talking about a 
> mailserver with some thousand users and about 50 K connections a day.
> 
> This may indicate that many spam is sent by a distributed system of 
> workers, and not by open relays.

  I've been seeing that for ~4 years now: 100's to 1000's of machines
originating spam.  Lately, though, it's been hitting 10k IP's.

> Is it reasonable to consider that there isn't a limit on the number of 
> IP addresses on a blacklist ?

  Hard drives are cheap.  2^32 is a comparitively small number nowadays.

  The larger problem is that th eblacklists may well end up listing
20-50% of the IP's on the net.  That's another issue, which won't be
solved by blacklists.

  Alan DeKok.

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Alan DeKok wrote:
> Jose Marcio Martins da Cruz <Jose-Marcio.Martins@ensmp.fr> wrote:
> 
>>If I look at our mail server who's sending spam, I can see that most of 
>>them are doing only very few connections a day : one, two or three. Very 
>>few gateways do more than five connections. - I'm talking about a 
>>mailserver with some thousand users and about 50 K connections a day.
>>
>>This may indicate that many spam is sent by a distributed system of 
>>workers, and not by open relays.
> 
> 
>   I've been seeing that for ~4 years now: 100's to 1000's of machines
> originating spam.  Lately, though, it's been hitting 10k IP's.
> 
> 
>>Is it reasonable to consider that there isn't a limit on the number of 
>>IP addresses on a blacklist ?
> 
> 
>   Hard drives are cheap.  2^32 is a comparitively small number nowadays.
> 
>   The larger problem is that th eblacklists may well end up listing
> 20-50% of the IP's on the net.  That's another issue, which won't be
> solved by blacklists.

We may consider switching from blacklist to whitelist or "mixed list".

Mixed list:
if IP itself is listed then return its status
if IP is located in "bad neighborhood" the return "bad IP"
return "good IP"

-- 
Andrzej [en:Andrew] Adam Filip http://anfi.freeshell.org backup: anfi@xl.wp.pl

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Subject: Re: [Asrg] 2. Improving Blacklists and Reputation Services
From: Eugene Crosser <crosser@rol.ru>
To: Jose Marcio Martins da Cruz <Jose-Marcio.Martins@ensmp.fr>
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On Wed, 2004-02-11 at 20:02, Jose Marcio Martins da Cruz wrote:

> This may indicate that many spam is sent by a distributed system of 
> workers, and not by open relays.
> 
> If this is the case, and if this kind of way continues - the tendance 
> will be to have more and more IP addresses to be inserted on blacklists.

>From our experience, great majority of today's spam comes from a
distributed system of *zombies*, i.e. home and office workstations that
where trojened by some kind of virus.  Because this set of dangerous
machines is very dynamic (new ones get infected, old ones are healed by
antivirus programs), I think that blacklist approach is not effective
and should not be used to address this problem.

OTOH, LMAP looks very promising against this kind of trouble, if widely
deployed.

Eugene


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Eugene Crosser wrote:
> On Wed, 2004-02-11 at 20:02, Jose Marcio Martins da Cruz wrote:
> 
> 
>>This may indicate that many spam is sent by a distributed system of 
>>workers, and not by open relays.
>>
>>If this is the case, and if this kind of way continues - the tendance 
>>will be to have more and more IP addresses to be inserted on blacklists.
> 
> 
>>From our experience, great majority of today's spam comes from a
> distributed system of *zombies*, i.e. home and office workstations that
> where trojened by some kind of virus.  Because this set of dangerous
> machines is very dynamic (new ones get infected, old ones are healed by
> antivirus programs), I think that blacklist approach is not effective
> and should not be used to address this problem.

Yes, that's what I was thinking about. Open relays usually may remain 
much longer on blacklists than zombies, as the problem on the first case
comes from MTA configuration. Zombies are used for very short time. So, 
blocking zombies IP address shall be very quickly and can be removed 
faster than open relays. I agree with you when you say blacklists shall 
not be used to address zombies problems.

But if we agree that great majority of spam comes from zombies, why
should we continue to use blacklists.

We use blacklists and we have one DNS server serving rbl requests.
named process in this machines eats almost 900 MBytes of memory. Sure,
memory is cheap, disk is cheap, bandwidth is cheap - but ther's a
limit if blacklists are less efficient than other methods.

Or maybe I'm wrong.


> 
> OTOH, LMAP looks very promising against this kind of trouble, if widely
> deployed.
> 
> Eugene
> 
> 
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg
> 
> 



-- 
  ---------------------------------------------------------------
  Jose Marcio MARTINS DA CRUZ           Tel. :(33) 01.40.51.93.41
  Ecole des Mines de Paris              http://j-chkmail.ensmp.fr
  60, bd Saint Michel                http://www.ensmp.fr/~martins
  75272 - PARIS CEDEX 06      mailto:Jose-Marcio.Martins@ensmp.fr


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From: Daniel Feenberg <feenberg@nber.org>
To: Jose Marcio Martins da Cruz <Jose-Marcio.Martins@ensmp.fr>
cc: Eugene Crosser <crosser@rol.ru>,
        Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>, ASRG <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 2. Improving Blacklists and Reputation Services
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On Thu, 12 Feb 2004, Jose Marcio Martins da Cruz wrote:

> Eugene Crosser wrote:
> > On Wed, 2004-02-11 at 20:02, Jose Marcio Martins da Cruz wrote:
> > 
> > 
> >>This may indicate that many spam is sent by a distributed system of 
> >>workers, and not by open relays.
> >>
> >>If this is the case, and if this kind of way continues - the tendance 
> >>will be to have more and more IP addresses to be inserted on blacklists.
> > 
...

> 
> But if we agree that great majority of spam comes from zombies, why
> should we continue to use blacklists.
> 
> We use blacklists and we have one DNS server serving rbl requests.
> named process in this machines eats almost 900 MBytes of memory. Sure,
> memory is cheap, disk is cheap, bandwidth is cheap - but ther's a
> limit if blacklists are less efficient than other methods.
> 
> Or maybe I'm wrong.
> 


Can you explicate further? I would have thought that zombies were
an ideal target for an RBL. They produce only spam, so there is no
problem of blocking legitimate mail and their owners do not complain
about the listing. 

Of course if the IP address dynamically assigned, there is the remote
possibility that the next user will have legitimate mail, but this writer
at least believes they should forward that to an MTA with a static
address. It would be helpfull in defusing some of this controversy
if sendmail had a "dynamic IP" option which caused it to use the smarthost
if and only if the direct route was blocked. It is quite possible that
many of these users wouldn't notice the difference, and only care because
it bit them unexpectedly.

As to memory usage of BIND, by the time every possible IP address needs to
be in the RBL, memory will be cheap enough to make this possible.



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I am following up on (and correcting some minor technical mistakes in) my previous post to this thread stating the theoretical attack is probably a non-issue:

https://www1.ietf.org/mail-archive/working-groups/asrg/current/msg09220.html

Specifically a probable way to block/disincentivize proxy display of the image based turing test (challenge), is to serve the image and html for page from HTTPS only.  If the image is loaded by a proxy web page from a 2nd level domain different from 2nd level domain of image, then browser will at least display a warning, so displaying the image on proxy page will not go smoothly if at all.  Attempting to submit by script (a "hidden" small or obscured) frame (or window) from a proxy web page from a different 2nd level domain will be denied by security error in browser:

http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/default.asp?url=/workshop/author/om/xframe_scripting_security.asp

Submitting a form from a HTTPS web page with 2nd level domain different from the receiving url will also cause at least a browser warning.

Theoretically an attacker could attempt to install and use a different client on the visitor's computer, but each step away from normal use of the browser increases visitor acquisition/attrition costs.

These techniques would likely increase the visitor acquisition/attrition costs of such a theoretical porn site attack.  Combining these techniques with reasonable IPv4 address rate limiting would probably drastically increase the number of visitors that would be needed and make the theoretical attack uneconomical in spammer business (cost) model.  Additionally AccuSpam adds  aging of whitelist entries (challenge needs to repeated periodically for same sender) to exponentially increase the costs to the spammer.

I (we) disclaim any liability for using these techniques.  Use and read this at your own discretion and risk.

Shelby Moore
http://AccuSpam


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Subject: Re: [Asrg] 2. Improving Blacklists and Reputation Services
From: Eugene Crosser <crosser@rol.ru>
To: Daniel Feenberg <feenberg@nber.org>
Cc: Jose Marcio Martins da Cruz <Jose-Marcio.Martins@ensmp.fr>,
        Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>, ASRG <asrg@ietf.org>
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On Thu, 2004-02-12 at 15:50, Daniel Feenberg wrote:
> On Thu, 12 Feb 2004, Jose Marcio Martins da Cruz wrote:
> 
> > Eugene Crosser wrote:
> > > On Wed, 2004-02-11 at 20:02, Jose Marcio Martins da Cruz wrote:
> > > 
> > > 
> > >>This may indicate that many spam is sent by a distributed system of 
> > >>workers, and not by open relays.
> > >>
> > >>If this is the case, and if this kind of way continues - the tendance 
> > >>will be to have more and more IP addresses to be inserted on blacklists.
> > > 
> ...
> 
> > 
> > But if we agree that great majority of spam comes from zombies, why
> > should we continue to use blacklists.
> > 
> > We use blacklists and we have one DNS server serving rbl requests.
> > named process in this machines eats almost 900 MBytes of memory. Sure,
> > memory is cheap, disk is cheap, bandwidth is cheap - but ther's a
> > limit if blacklists are less efficient than other methods.
> > 
> > Or maybe I'm wrong.
> > 
> 
> 
> Can you explicate further? I would have thought that zombies were
> an ideal target for an RBL. They produce only spam, so there is no
> problem of blocking legitimate mail and their owners do not complain
> about the listing. 

May I try?

1. When you blacklist an open relay, you can verify with almost 100%
accuracy that this is in fact an open relay.  Alleged zombie cannot be
verified to be a zombie with that level of certainty.

2. Even initial allegation of an IP address as a zombie may be
problematic.  They often send only a few hundred spam messages at a
time.  You can expect the same to come from a perfectly legal ISP server
before their antispam facilities are triggered and the offending client
is blocked.

3. Given the rate at which the number of infected machines may grow, the
data in blacklist is doomed to lag behind, and there will be significant
number of not-yet-blocked active zombies.

That's why I think that blacklisting is a poor remedy for zombie
problem.

Eugene


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Date: Thu, 12 Feb 2004 09:17:10 -0500
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> -----Original Message-----
> From: asrg-admin@ietf.org [mailto:asrg-admin@ietf.org] On Behalf Of Daniel
> Feenberg
> Sent: Thursday, February 12, 2004 7:50 AM
> To: Jose Marcio Martins da Cruz
> Cc: Eugene Crosser; Yakov Shafranovich; ASRG
> Subject: Re: [Asrg] 2. Improving Blacklists and Reputation Services
> 
> 
> 
> On Thu, 12 Feb 2004, Jose Marcio Martins da Cruz wrote:
> 
> > Eugene Crosser wrote:
> > > On Wed, 2004-02-11 at 20:02, Jose Marcio Martins da Cruz wrote:
> > >
> > >
> > >>This may indicate that many spam is sent by a distributed system of
> > >>workers, and not by open relays.
> > >>
> > >>If this is the case, and if this kind of way continues - the tendance
> > >>will be to have more and more IP addresses to be inserted on
> blacklists.
> > >
> ...
> 
> >
> > But if we agree that great majority of spam comes from zombies, why
> > should we continue to use blacklists.
> >
> > We use blacklists and we have one DNS server serving rbl requests.
> > named process in this machines eats almost 900 MBytes of memory. Sure,
> > memory is cheap, disk is cheap, bandwidth is cheap - but ther's a
> > limit if blacklists are less efficient than other methods.
> >
> > Or maybe I'm wrong.
> >
> 
> 
> Can you explicate further? I would have thought that zombies were
> an ideal target for an RBL. They produce only spam, so there is no
> problem of blocking legitimate mail and their owners do not complain
> about the listing.
[denny] 
AFAIK blacklists work on blocking "subnets" worth of IP's so one zombie can
windup blocking an entire domain, of if say you are in a web-hosting farm
possibly a group of domains. I think this has been done for two reasons:
1)  much simpler and economic to maintain such a list.
2)  more incentive for a "legit" ISP / WebHost provider to "clean house".
> 
> Of course if the IP address dynamically assigned, there is the remote
> possibility that the next user will have legitimate mail, but this writer
> at least believes they should forward that to an MTA with a static
> address. It would be helpfull in defusing some of this controversy
[denny] 
I think you are mostly right, about the sending mta I think in the end that
the entity that has the address block and ASN number related to it has to be
in a position of some responsibility for what traffic they allow across
their network. While this topic can get very nasty and ugly (eg p2p
fileshare) in the area of email I personally feel it's very clear that
allowing random IP's to act as servers of email services is a problem.
How to fix it is coming into focus as we all work on the problem.

As for "Of course if the IP address dynamically assigned, there is the
remote possibility that the next user will have legitimate mail"

Well that's a very dynamic problem, rather like computing odds on a winning
lotto # which will vary over time based on ticket purchases and other
factors. :-)

> if sendmail had a "dynamic IP" option which caused it to use the smarthost
> if and only if the direct route was blocked. It is quite possible that
> many of these users wouldn't notice the difference, and only care because
> it bit them unexpectedly.
> 
> As to memory usage of BIND, by the time every possible IP address needs to
> be in the RBL, memory will be cheap enough to make this possible.
> 
> 
> 
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg


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Subject: re: [Asrg] Its all over for Challenge Response
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At 12/2/2004 10:02 Thursday, AccuSpam wrote:
>Specifically a probable way to block/disincentivize proxy display of the 
>image based turing test (challenge), is to serve the image and html for 
>page from HTTPS only.  If the image is loaded by a proxy web page from a 
>2nd level domain different from 2nd level domain of image, then browser 
>will at least display a warning, so displaying the image on proxy page 
>will not go smoothly if at all.  Attempting to submit by script (a 
>"hidden" small or obscured) frame (or window) from a proxy web page from a 
>different 2nd level domain will be denied by security error in browser:

Using a pretty simple PHP script, the CAPTCHA can be embedded into a new 
image which is then delivered to the client, no matter if you use HTTP or 
HTTPS; the final request from the client has nothing to do with the 
original request to the CAPTCHA image.

Andreas 


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No.

With my IP limiting suggestion, for meaningful attack of significant volume, the proxy has to be on the client side, unless a spammer has millions of IP addresses to use for web servers.

>Using a pretty simple PHP script, the CAPTCHA can be embedded into a new 
>image which is then delivered to the client, no matter if you use HTTP or 
>HTTPS; the final request from the client has nothing to do with the 
>original request to the CAPTCHA image.
>
>Andreas 

Shelby Moore
http://AccuSpam.com



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 !=
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On 2/4/2004 6:21 AM, Christopher Bird sent forth electrons to convey:

>...
>Computerworld and The Wall Street Journal both have the ability to email
>articles to friends. A handy service indeed. 
>The glitch is that when the email arrives in my inbox, the from address
>is the address of the person sending it, not the publication itself.
>Those guys have spoofed my email address if I am the sender. Clearly the
>mail needs to be identified as being sent at my request, but I am
>definitely not the sender. They are.
>
Therefore they should not forge headers to make it appear otherwise.
LMAP enforces this suggestion.
E.g. the email could come from "Christopher Bird" <articlebot@wsj.com>, or
The envelope from could not match the header from.
(IMO, a discussion of what to do when envelope and header (e.g. From: or 
Sender:) addresses don't match is needed; probably there was one I 
missed on SPAM-L, ASRG or spf-discuss? 
I find it hard to swallow the LMAP discussion document's statement that 
it's not in scope; IMO LMAP should not allow forged email that appears 
to the end user (based on the header's From: to be from paypal just 
because the envelope address identifies the mail as being from 
phisher.dom.  I'm looking for a detailed discussion of when what 
comparisons can and can't be safely used.)
But they also may want to consider restricting its use, so it's less of 
an open relay. 
E.g. a spammer mustn't be able to send an article from Mr. Fiveentsapill 
Viagrapharmacydotcom to you (perhaps with a comment about how great the 
pharmacy and drug are, if that's also permitted by the WSJ system). 

Frankly, they should simply provide a mailto: link that inserts an url 
into the body, and ditch the whole rest of the system.


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Interesting read - "Network Application Security Using The Domain Name
System":

http://josefsson.org/thesis/

Yakov

-------
Yakov Shafranovich / asrg <at> shaftek.org
SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc. / research <at> solidmatrix.com
  "Why are both drug addicts and computer aficionados both called 
users?" (Clifford Stoll)
-------

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Hi!

In some spam emails,there are meaningless/unrelated words at the end of 
the mails,like the following examples.
Does anyone know what these words mean?

Thanks.

Y

*************************************************************

(1)Meaningless:

"Thanks,
Doma Greg
ux pvjtutayoklfh ji t tnaq fn cdc"

(2)Unrelated
" Best Spam Hosting.
e-mail: support@linuxwebnet.com
abuse e-mail: abuse@linuxwebnet.com
http://www.linuxwebnet.com

-------
ocean pompeii sanitate critter blinn eric cellophane complain negligee 
sworn aloud hoofmark wei vitro abdomen mantle bandpass offensive gmt 
enormity annual bole nitrous dactylic echidna insane sex papoose 
damascus impermissible fourth cavalry bodleian guerrilla cutworm yank 
dick behavioral invisible
"




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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Meaningless words in spams
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Yes, it's a "hash buster" to make each spam slightly different than each 
other, so they can get around filters i.e. Brightmail.

- Matt


At 10:32 AM 2/16/2004 +0000, you wrote:
>Hi!
>
>In some spam emails,there are meaningless/unrelated words at the end of 
>the mails,like the following examples.
>Does anyone know what these words mean?
>
>Thanks.
>
>Y
>
>*************************************************************
>
>(1)Meaningless:
>
>"Thanks,
>Doma Greg
>ux pvjtutayoklfh ji t tnaq fn cdc"
>
>(2)Unrelated
>" Best Spam Hosting.
>e-mail: support@linuxwebnet.com
>abuse e-mail: abuse@linuxwebnet.com
>http://www.linuxwebnet.com
>
>-------
>ocean pompeii sanitate critter blinn eric cellophane complain negligee 
>sworn aloud hoofmark wei vitro abdomen mantle bandpass offensive gmt 
>enormity annual bole nitrous dactylic echidna insane sex papoose damascus 
>impermissible fourth cavalry bodleian guerrilla cutworm yank dick 
>behavioral invisible
>"
>
>
>
>
>_______________________________________________
>Asrg mailing list
>Asrg@ietf.org
>https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg


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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Meaningless words in spams
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Yangcheng HUANG wrote:
> In some spam emails,there are meaningless/unrelated words at the end of 
> the mails,like the following examples.
> Does anyone know what these words mean?

It is possibly a technique to throw off hash-based filters, as Matt 
Schnedier said, if those words are different in every message of the spam run.

The other possibility is that they are there to throw off Bayesian filters. 
Currently, this technique is quite effective against Mozilla Mail. I'm 
strongly considering moving to something much more powerful because of this.

If this discussion continues, it should be moved to the filtering list.

Philip Miller

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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Meaningless words in spams
From: Eugene Crosser <crosser@rol.ru>
To: Matt Schneider <matt@spamhaus.org>
Cc: asrg@ietf.org
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On Mon, 2004-02-16 at 13:45, Matt Schneider wrote:
> Yes, it's a "hash buster" to make each spam slightly different than each 
> other, so they can get around filters i.e. Brightmail.
> 
> - Matt

Also, the maningful but unrelated text, as I understand, is a way to get
through Bayesian filters...

> At 10:32 AM 2/16/2004 +0000, you wrote:
> >Hi!
> >
> >In some spam emails,there are meaningless/unrelated words at the end of 
> >the mails,like the following examples.
> >Does anyone know what these words mean?
> >
> >Thanks.
> >
> >Y
> >
> >*************************************************************
> >
> >(1)Meaningless:
> >
> >"Thanks,
> >Doma Greg
> >ux pvjtutayoklfh ji t tnaq fn cdc"
> >
> >(2)Unrelated
> >" Best Spam Hosting.
> >e-mail: support@linuxwebnet.com
> >abuse e-mail: abuse@linuxwebnet.com
> >http://www.linuxwebnet.com
> >
> >-------
> >ocean pompeii sanitate critter blinn eric cellophane complain negligee 
> >sworn aloud hoofmark wei vitro abdomen mantle bandpass offensive gmt 
> >enormity annual bole nitrous dactylic echidna insane sex papoose damascus 
> >impermissible fourth cavalry bodleian guerrilla cutworm yank dick 
> >behavioral invisible



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From: "Eric Dean" <eric@purespeed.com>
To: <y.huang@cs.ucl.ac.uk>, <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] Meaningless words in spams
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Yes, with Bayseian filters that run spam and ham scoring...the spam
increments the scores while the added words decrement it back down to a
legitimate style messages...learning those phrases don't help either
since they are often dynamically generated from a dictionary.

> -----Original Message-----
> From: asrg-admin@ietf.org [mailto:asrg-admin@ietf.org] On 
> Behalf Of Yangcheng HUANG
> Sent: Monday, February 16, 2004 5:33 AM
> To: asrg@ietf.org
> Cc: Yangcheng HUANG
> Subject: [Asrg] Meaningless words in spams
> 
> 
> Hi!
> 
> In some spam emails,there are meaningless/unrelated words at 
> the end of 
> the mails,like the following examples.
> Does anyone know what these words mean?
> 
> Thanks.
> 
> Y
> 
> *************************************************************
> 
> (1)Meaningless:
> 
> "Thanks,
> Doma Greg
> ux pvjtutayoklfh ji t tnaq fn cdc"
> 
> (2)Unrelated
> " Best Spam Hosting.
> e-mail: support@linuxwebnet.com
> abuse e-mail: abuse@linuxwebnet.com
> http://www.linuxwebnet.com
> 
> -------
> ocean pompeii sanitate critter blinn eric cellophane complain 
> negligee 
> sworn aloud hoofmark wei vitro abdomen mantle bandpass offensive gmt 
> enormity annual bole nitrous dactylic echidna insane sex papoose 
> damascus impermissible fourth cavalry bodleian guerrilla cutworm yank 
> dick behavioral invisible
> "
> 
> 
> 
> 
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg
> 
> 


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To: "Eric Dean" <eric@purespeed.com>
cc: y.huang@cs.ucl.ac.uk, asrg@ietf.org, brunner@nic-naa.net
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Meaningless words in spams 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Mon, 16 Feb 2004 12:06:29 EST."
             <00d001c3f4af$39872c40$6401a8c0@sohonotebook> 
From: Eric Brunner-Williams in Portland Maine <brunner@nic-naa.net>
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so, i guess a sliding window would catch filter-busting headers and trailers.

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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Meaningless words in spams 
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At 12:28 PM 2/16/2004 -0500, you wrote:
>so, i guess a sliding window would catch filter-busting headers and trailers.

No, they add a bunch of garbage right in the body of the spams too, fake 
HTML tags or text that's the same color as the background.

There's no real way to avoid this stuff.

- Matt


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>> In some spam emails,there are meaningless/unrelated words at the end 
>> of
>> the mails,like the following examples. <snip>

   I've seen those in *newsgroup posts* too (a lot in 
net.abuse.sightings.*) Are there spam-blockers for newsgroups too?  I'd 
always figured it was some kind of code based on word length or 
something (terrorist communications perhaps..)

Jim Witte
jswitte@bloomington.in.us
Indiana University CS


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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Meaningless words in spams
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At 6:01 PM +0000 2/16/04, Matt Schneider wrote:
>At 12:28 PM 2/16/2004 -0500, you wrote:
>>so, i guess a sliding window would catch filter-busting headers and trailers.
>
>No, they add a bunch of garbage right in the body of the spams too, 
>fake HTML tags or text that's the same color as the background.
>
>There's no real way to avoid this stuff.


Those are both really quite easy to catch, and can even be caught by 
automatic learning filters. For example, the word 'oblivity' inside 
angle brackets (i.e. a bogus HTML tag) occurs nowhere at all in any 
of my legitimate mail of the past year. It occurs 6 times in my spam 
of 2004. A filter that checks for strict HTML compliance in HTML mail 
would have caught all of those, and I see in my current set of 
Bayesian classifiers that this 'word' (complete with <>) is part of 
why the later spams containing it were marked as probable spam. 
Similarly, text that is the same color as the background is a 
programmatically detectable trick, and there are already filters in 
use that detect it as spamsign.

I also note in peeking at my current Bayesian classifiers that there 
are many perfectly valid but uncommonly used words there which seem 
to be strong spamsign for no obvious reason. At least no obvious 
reason until I look at where in my recent spam they have appeared: 
the filterbusting attempts that use random dictionary words.  A quick 
browse of the 200k entries in my filter collection and the accuracy 
it shows leads me to believe that the spammers who try to break 
filtering are still losing the arms race and may not ever hit on a 
winning tactic.

-- 
Bill Cole                                  
bill@scconsult.com


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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Meaningless words in spams
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At 02:19 PM 2/16/2004 -0500, you wrote:
>At 6:01 PM +0000 2/16/04, Matt Schneider wrote:
>>At 12:28 PM 2/16/2004 -0500, you wrote:
>>>so, i guess a sliding window would catch filter-busting headers and 
>>>trailers.
>>
>>No, they add a bunch of garbage right in the body of the spams too, fake 
>>HTML tags or text that's the same color as the background.
>>
>>There's no real way to avoid this stuff.
>
>Those are both really quite easy to catch, and can even be caught by 
>automatic learning filters. For example, the word 'oblivity' inside angle 
>brackets (i.e. a bogus HTML tag) occurs nowhere at all in any of my 
>legitimate mail of the past year. It occurs 6 times in my spam of 2004. A 
>filter that checks for strict HTML compliance in HTML mail would have 
>caught all of those, and I see in my current set of Bayesian classifiers 
>that this 'word' (complete with <>) is part of why the later spams 
>containing it were marked as probable spam. Similarly, text that is the 
>same color as the background is a programmatically detectable trick, and 
>there are already filters in use that detect it as spamsign.

Yes, you can look for bad HTML tags and colored text.. but there will 
always be a way to sneak garbage in no matter what you do.

>I also note in peeking at my current Bayesian classifiers that there are 
>many perfectly valid but uncommonly used words there which seem to be 
>strong spamsign for no obvious reason. At least no obvious reason until I 
>look at where in my recent spam they have appeared: the filterbusting 
>attempts that use random dictionary words.  A quick browse of the 200k 
>entries in my filter collection and the accuracy it shows leads me to 
>believe that the spammers who try to break filtering are still losing the 
>arms race and may not ever hit on a winning tactic.

Yes, but you can't start filtering mail based on uncommon words 
either.  One time I was corresponding with a reporter about a spam article 
and got one of my messages bounced back... I guess I used the word "spam" 
too many times (like all spammers do, of course).  The point is, content 
filtering sucks.

- Matt


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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Meaningless words in spams 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Mon, 16 Feb 2004 14:19:22 EST."
             <p06002084bc56c131ab22@[192.168.254.12]> 
From: Eric Brunner-Williams in Portland Maine <brunner@nic-naa.net>
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i was thinking of ides' sliding window and learning profile when i wrote
earlier. one show and tell by its author, a long time ago.

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Subject: RE: [Asrg] Meaningless words in spams 
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Thread-Topic: [Asrg] Meaningless words in spams 
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> At 12:28 PM 2/16/2004 -0500, you wrote:
> >so, i guess a sliding window would catch filter-busting headers and=20
> >trailers.
>=20
> No, they add a bunch of garbage right in the body of the=20
> spams too, fake=20
> HTML tags or text that's the same color as the background.

Its called "word salad" and is a common technique to confuse signature
systems like DCC, razor and Brightmail.  John Graham-Cumming showed (in
his talk at the MIT conference) that the technique isn't very effective
at defeating personalized bayes spam filters as the randomness becomes
noise in the background.

It also isn't as effective at beating more heuristics based systems (and
can become a potential spam sign as well).

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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Meaningless words in spams
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At 4:48 PM +0300 2/16/04, Eugene Crosser wrote:
>On Mon, 2004-02-16 at 13:45, Matt Schneider wrote:
>>  Yes, it's a "hash buster" to make each spam slightly different than each
>>  other, so they can get around filters i.e. Brightmail.
>>
>>  - Matt
>
>Also, the maningful but unrelated text, as I understand, is a way to get
>through Bayesian filters...

This is quite amusing, as I just found your message, the one you are 
replying to, and another reply to it in my Junk box because my 
Bayesian filters gagged on the quoted garbage.

As has been stated here, content filters suck. However, auto-trained 
Bayesian filters do well enough (provided one doesn't get too much 
quoted spam...) to be the last line of defense for rough cut sorting 
of mail into 'probably spam' and 'probably not spam' piles for the 
user to pick through.

-- 
Bill Cole
bill@scconsult.com


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Subject: RE: [Asrg] Meaningless words in spams
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They do well enough today...but it's quite evident that they will have a
tough time surviving the spamorphosis...even in the ensuing weeks.  It
seems that only sender whitelisting is stopping my current barrage...I
use Bayesian just to auto-drop...not to permit.  

I can't wait for some permutation software to start trying to guess my
whitelists

> As has been stated here, content filters suck. However, auto-trained 
> Bayesian filters do well enough (provided one doesn't get too much 
> quoted spam...) to be the last line of defense for rough cut sorting 
> of mail into 'probably spam' and 'probably not spam' piles for the 
> user to pick through.


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From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@ox.org>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Spooked mail addresses 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Wed, 04 Feb 2004 16:23:38 GMT."
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Peter Sergeant <pete@clueball.com> wrote:
> Assuming that I'm using a web-based email system that ties me
> inextricably to their email address. I happen to access my email via a
> web-system when travelling, where normally I access it through an MUA on
> my machine - in this case, and in the case where I ask a third party to
> send an invite or an article in my name, the software sitting on the
> web-server is acting as an MUA. I do not see where the distinction
> between 'normal' and web-based MUA lies that makes email originating
> from one spam, and not the other.

  It doesn't.

> > The site offering 'send a friend this link' allows you to type in any
> > >From address, and forges a message from you.
> 
> You say 'forges', but isn't this exactly what any MUA does? I can
> configure 'mutt' to send email from you - this doesn't mean that
> legitimate mail I send from 'mutt' is also by definition spam.

  Most MUAs can send mail "from" anyone.  But since that mail goes
through an MTA, that MTA can control, validate, or accept
responsibility for the "from" line.

  If your MTA is "example.com", and your MTA is sending as
"user@example.com", it's trivial for the recipient to tell that the
mail is probably authorized.  If your MUA is sending as
"user@hotmail.com", then the recipient *cannot* tell if it was
authorized.

> > Since there is no technical way for the recipient to verify that you
> > authorized that message, there is no technical difference between it,
> > and simple forged spam.
> 
> Where does this assumption come from? Many online content providers
> these days require you to log in.

  So?  How the heck does the recipient know that a message from
"user@example.com", which came through the MTA for "cnn.com", is
actually associated with that user?  Even CNN may not know it.

> > Either the web site should produce an email that's easy for the end-user
> > to send, or the source address should belong to the source of the email
> > - the website.
> 
> I believe this conclusion is based on flawed logic.

  I don't see why.

  Alan DeKok.

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From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@ox.org>
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Subject: Re: [Fwd: [Asrg] Re: Documents for LMAP BOF] 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Mon, 09 Feb 2004 14:08:38 EST."
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A week ago, Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com> wrote:
> What I find problematic is that there is an existing identity in email - 
> IP addresses. If blacklists are made to be more feature rich, possibly 
> becoming reputation services, that might help. So I am not sure why 
> going to domain identity or sender identity makes a difference.

  IP addresses are short-lived, and machines at an IP are being
hijacked to send spam.  You can't have a blacklist if one IP sends 10
spam in 5 minutes, and then disappears for a week.

> One compelling argument made so far is that IP owners do not care if
> their identity gets stolen, but domain owners and senders do. IF you
> raise the cost for IP owners, they will start to care.

  It has nothing to do with identity.  It has everything to do with
accountability.  Temporary IP addresses are not accountable, and in
many cases, cannot practically be made accountable for the small
amounts of spam they send.  But there are tens of millions of such
systems, resulting in huge volumes of spam.

> My second problem, is that there are multiple ways to introduce sender 
> identity into email. We should stop back for a second, and look at the 
> problem from a bird's eye view. If we were to be designed the email 
> system from scratch, how would sender identity be implemented? Would 
> spam still exist in such system?

  Personally, I wouldn't introduce sender identity.  I would introduce
long-term accountability.  I don't care who sent the message, so long
as someone is willing to take the blame when something goes wrong.  If
the accountable party doesn't stick around long enough to be held
accountable, then they're not an accountable party.

  e.g. A whitelist could state "this IP has been an MTA for a year",
and a blacklist could state "this IP sent lots of spam in the past
week".  The combination of the two will mean that most legitimate mail
from the whitelisted IP's will get through to the recipients, but
legitimate email from *non* white-listed IP's may get put into the
"maybe spam: do content filter" bucket.

  Alan DeKok.

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To: Alan DeKok <aland@ox.org>
cc: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Fwd: [Asrg] Re: Documents for LMAP BOF] 
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On Tue, 17 Feb 2004, Alan DeKok wrote:

> A week ago, Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com> wrote:
> > What I find problematic is that there is an existing identity in email - 
> > IP addresses. If blacklists are made to be more feature rich, possibly 
> > becoming reputation services, that might help. So I am not sure why 
> > going to domain identity or sender identity makes a difference.
> 
>   IP addresses are short-lived, and machines at an IP are being
> hijacked to send spam.  You can't have a blacklist if one IP sends 10
> spam in 5 minutes, and then disappears for a week.
> 

But what is the harm in leaving the IP address in the database? If
tomorrow it isn't a spammer, it is still a dynamic IP address, and I don't
want mail from that address, do I? And tomorrow its new address goes on
the list. 

The difficult decisions in refusing mail come from IP addresses that send
both spam and legitimate mail, such as major ISP mail servers. A dynamic
IP address will hardly ever be the source of legitimate mail, so it isn't
a hard decision. 

Furthermore, an individual operating an MTA on a dynamic address doesn't
have much ability to pressure you to accept his mail. He is clearly
capable of using mailertable to divert mail to you through his ISP, or he
wouldn't be able to install Sendmail in the first place. And if he brings
up confidentiality concerns, you can decide for yourself if they are
relevant. 

I am aware that many people feel that RBLs can't do a good job on hijacked
PCs, but I haven't seen a convincing explanation yet. It may be that they
haven't done a good job yet, because not all the dynamic addresses are on
the RBLs yet. But it only takes time.



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To: Eugene Crosser <crosser@rol.ru>
Cc: Matt Schneider <matt@spamhaus.org>, asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Meaningless words in spams
From: Joe Marshall <jrm@ccs.neu.edu>
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Eugene Crosser <crosser@rol.ru> writes:

> On Mon, 2004-02-16 at 13:45, Matt Schneider wrote:
>> Yes, it's a "hash buster" to make each spam slightly different than each 
>> other, so they can get around filters i.e. Brightmail.
>> 
>> - Matt
>
> Also, the maningful but unrelated text, as I understand, is a way to get
> through Bayesian filters...

The statistics of the pile of words at the end makes it less likely to
defeat Bayesian filters.


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Terry asked me to forward this to the main list, since he is not 
subscribed to it. Please reply off-list to Terry directly.

Yakov

===== CUT HERE =====

I think I might just have stumbled upon a way to identify the
spammer-behind-the-spam.  Preliminary indications are all *very*
encouraging.  But what I lack is a definitive, defensible answer, based
on spam KNOWN to have come from one (or more) specific, particular
spammer(s).

I wonder if anyone on this list might have, or know where I can locate,
even a small collection of such spam?  I want to be clear, I am NOT
looking for multiple copies of a single spam: I'm looking for a corpus
(it doesn't have to be big) of *different* spams where the identity of
the spammer(s) is known (personal intuition/opinion do NOT count as
"knowledge").

If anyone can help me locate such a corpus, please reply off-list to
terry@pantos.org.


-------
Yakov Shafranovich / asrg <at> shaftek.org
SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc. / research <at> solidmatrix.com
"Power tends to corrupt, and absolute power corrupts absolutely" (Lord 
Acton)
-------

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Daniel Feenberg wrote:
> On Tue, 17 Feb 2004, Alan DeKok wrote:
>>A week ago, Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com> wrote:
>>>What I find problematic is that there is an existing identity in email - 
>>>IP addresses. If blacklists are made to be more feature rich, possibly 
>>>becoming reputation services, that might help. So I am not sure why 
>>>going to domain identity or sender identity makes a difference.
>>
>>  IP addresses are short-lived, and machines at an IP are being
>>hijacked to send spam.  You can't have a blacklist if one IP sends 10
>>spam in 5 minutes, and then disappears for a week.
> 
> But what is the harm in leaving the IP address in the database? If
> tomorrow it isn't a spammer, it is still a dynamic IP address, and I don't
> want mail from that address, do I? And tomorrow its new address goes on
> the list. 

The harm in leaving it in the database depends on the stated policies of the 
database operator. If the users of that list know that known dynamic 
addresses are being left on after they have been used and discarded, and 
still want to use it, that's fine. If users are told or assume that the 
database lists known currently-spamming addresses, then leaving dynamic 
addresses lying around would be bad.

> The difficult decisions in refusing mail come from IP addresses that send
> both spam and legitimate mail, such as major ISP mail servers. A dynamic
> IP address will hardly ever be the source of legitimate mail, so it isn't
> a hard decision. 
> 
> Furthermore, an individual operating an MTA on a dynamic address doesn't
> have much ability to pressure you to accept his mail. He is clearly
> capable of using mailertable to divert mail to you through his ISP, or he
> wouldn't be able to install Sendmail in the first place. And if he brings
> up confidentiality concerns, you can decide for yourself if they are
> relevant. 

Confidentiality is not the only possible concern when dealing with ISP mail 
servers. My provider's outgoing servers occasionally experience unacceptable 
delays, and have occasionally been blacklisted. I'm here because I want to 
push forward a standard that will allow me to claim accountability for what 
my server sends, so that mail form it will be accepted, as it often isn't 
now by certain large ISPs unless I relay through my ISP's server.

> I am aware that many people feel that RBLs can't do a good job on hijacked
> PCs, but I haven't seen a convincing explanation yet. It may be that they
> haven't done a good job yet, because not all the dynamic addresses are on
> the RBLs yet. But it only takes time.

RBLs should never have to list dynamic addresses. Think about the term 
"real-time blackhole list". I doubt there are many addresses that shift 
between dynamic and static allocation, considering that that would make them 
dynamic by definition. All dynamic addresses belong not on RBL lists, unless 
they are in the middle of a spam run, but on DUL and equivalent lists.

Perhaps when we have lists of likely hijacking targets, some MTA vendor 
might implement security scanning against connecting clients to test for 
obvious signs of hijacking.

Philip Miller

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Subject: [Asrg] 0. General - Mailing list summary...
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This month's summary (up to today, since a month ago today) of ASRG is
included. Non-technical spelling errors will be caught by the editor -
but I'd like to know if you feel I've misrepresented you, made a factual
error, or missed out a Really Important And Interesting thread.

I'd also like to BEG people on this list who are using mail clients that
are somehow destroying or not setting 'In-reply-to' or 'References'
headers (this group of people noticably overlaps with people called
'Fridrik' and people who mis-spelled 'referrer' in a widely-used
protocol) to find a slightly more recipient-friendly MUA, and remind
people that replying to an existing message to start a new thread also
causes problems for those of us using MUAs that will nicely thread
emails (like mutt).

So it begins:


Yakov posted a link to a draft submitted to IETF entitled 'A No
Soliciting SMTP Service Extension', which would basically require
senders to define their email with certain keywords. Phillip Miller was
not impressed, saying that work on consent frameworks was specifically
in order to avoid "content-specific solutions that are open to
definition wars, redefinition, and even worse, cross-border legal
wrangling", and suggesting that implementation of said standard would
lead to the "[requirement] that senders, to be compliant with every
possible national law, check their mail against each and every
registered keyword."

John Levine thought that the alternative would be that "each country
[would] make up its own rules", many of which would be contradictory,
pointing out that UCE in Korea has to start with the Korean word for
advertisment, where the US rules will probably require 'ADV' - "the same
subject can't simultaneously be in Korean and English."

Phillip Hallam-Baker decided it was "all over for challenge-response" as
spammers were now allegedly asking visitors to free 'adult' websites to
'solve' the non-machine-readable images that challenge-response systems
use to verify a human sent the originating message. Yakov pointed out
that this would require spammers to provide a working return address to
their spam - essentially dooming the scheme.

There was some debate as to how cost-effective this method would be, but
as no-one had any figures, the thread floundered. It was suggested that
this would be most useful for setting up 'free' webmail accounts
en-masse, for use by spammers.

Walter Dnes, in a later thread, suggested that all it would take would
be one visually-disabled person with a good lawyer to get 'Turing test'
schemes based on graphical recognition to become illegal anyway - this
spawned a discussion on 'multi-modal' tests.

He also painted a rather dystopian future, suggesting that there were
'legitimate' spammers who "do not want to see spamming made totally
illegal, because they want to get in on the act once the 'bad' spammers
are shut down ... the main difference between them is that 'bad
spammers' break the law, while 'legitimate spammers' buy politicians to
rewrite the law ... if technical solutions do succeed in stopping spam,
mark my word, you *will* see 'must carry' legislation for 'legitimate
marketing email.'"

A large thread kicked off on the subject of websites sending email on
behalf of a user - such as the 'Email this article' to a friend feature
that many online publications have. This was decried as being 'forged
spam' by Alan DeKok - the upshot seemed to be that some people believed
that any email you couldn't be absolutely sure came from a given sender
was 'forged spam', and others didn't - no particularly compelling
solutions were suggested.

The FTC sought comments (by way of Yakov) on their proposal to require
those sending sexually-explicit UCE to label their email subject line
with 'SEXUALLY-EXPLICIT-CONTENT', and making this phrase the only thing
a user would see when they first opened such an email. The deadline for
feedback has passed, but you can see the original proposal here:
<http://www.ftc.gov/opa/2004/01/adult.htm>

Fridrik Skulason requested a summary of 'RMX, DMP, SPF, LMAP, etc', and
was rewarded by Yakov's breakdown:

"The basic concept of LMAP is to publish in DNS a list of IPsthat are
authorized to use the domain name in the MAIL FROM or HELO arguments of
the SMTP transaction. The technical differences between RMX, SPF, and
DMP is how this data is stored in DNS, how it is parsed, extensibility,
and whether [the] HELO parameter is addressed"

There was some discussion on requiring originators to specify the size
of their message at the SMTP level, so as to allow throttling of
connections from potential spammers, and so on. Peter Holzer was not
convinced that size was a good indicator of how likely a message was to
be spam: "My users complain if they get a single 1k spam message per day
and they complain if they don't those 67 40MB PowerPoint presentations
that someone sent them in an hour".

Yakov claimed that the FTC had estimated that 70% of spam is fradulent
and could be 'enforced' under existing laws. He lamented that while
politicians are willing to talk about the problem, very few are willing
to give 'cold hard cash' to the enforcement agencies to allow them to do
this. Harry Tabak followed up with the insight that most spammers tend
to be using zombies, making this process hard, and offered the insight,
based on his filtering attempts, that "the cost to spammers of a failed
delivery must be cheaper than the cost of pruning a mailing list" -
zombie hosts with the same IP would keep trying to deliver to an email
address that had rejected their emails before.

==END==

+Pete

-- 
B:  Pinky, Are you pondering what I'm pondering?
P:  Wuh, I think so, Brain, but isn't Regis Philbin already married?
 -- Pinky and Brain

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Subject: Re: [Fwd: [Asrg] Re: Documents for LMAP BOF]
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Philip Miller wrote:
> Daniel Feenberg wrote:
> 
>> On Tue, 17 Feb 2004, Alan DeKok wrote:
>>
>>> A week ago, Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com> wrote:
>>>
>>>> What I find problematic is that there is an existing identity in 
>>>> email - IP addresses. If blacklists are made to be more feature 
>>>> rich, possibly becoming reputation services, that might help. So I 
>>>> am not sure why going to domain identity or sender identity makes a 
>>>> difference.
>>>
>>>
>>>  IP addresses are short-lived, and machines at an IP are being
>>> hijacked to send spam.  You can't have a blacklist if one IP sends 10
>>> spam in 5 minutes, and then disappears for a week.
>>
>>
>> But what is the harm in leaving the IP address in the database? If
>> tomorrow it isn't a spammer, it is still a dynamic IP address, and I 
>> don't
>> want mail from that address, do I? And tomorrow its new address goes on
>> the list. 
> 
> 
> The harm in leaving it in the database depends on the stated policies of 
> the database operator. If the users of that list know that known dynamic 
> addresses are being left on after they have been used and discarded, and 
> still want to use it, that's fine. If users are told or assume that the 
> database lists known currently-spamming addresses, then leaving dynamic 
> addresses lying around would be bad.
>

The same would apply for expired domains as well - if a domain blacklist 
is maintained and the domain is seized or expired, and then someone else 
registers it, the new owner will be stuck with the listing. Although 
this is less likely with domains than IP addresses.

The bottom line is that the main problem with any kind of blacklist - 
IP, domain, sender, etc. is the humans maintaining it. "Those who ignore 
history are doomed to repeat it" - if we ignore the problems with 
current IP blacklists then we will repeat the same problems with other 
kind of blacklists like domain lists.

Yakov

-------
Yakov Shafranovich / asrg <at> shaftek.org
SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc. / research <at> solidmatrix.com
"Power tends to corrupt, and absolute power corrupts absolutely" (Lord 
Acton)
-------

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From: Dave Crocker <dhc@dcrocker.net>
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Organization: Brandenburg InternetWorking
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Subject: [Asrg] Patrik Falstrom's mailflow chart
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I don't remember seeing this mentioned, but think it worth highlighting
for folks:

Patrik Falstrom did a mail flow control chart that is _extremely_
detailed.  I've been doing a simplistic one, for easy discussion, but
his is very thorough.

It is at <http://www.ripe.net/ripe/meetings/ripe-47/mailflows.pdf>

d/
--
 Dave Crocker <dcrocker-at-brandenburg-dot-com>
 Brandenburg InternetWorking <www.brandenburg.com>
 Sunnyvale, CA  USA <tel:+1.408.246.8253>


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From: Dave Crocker <dhc@dcrocker.net>
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To: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Patrik Falstrom's mailflow chart
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Yakov,

  I should comment that I think that the slide has far too much detail,
  for most discussions.  Most of the time, folks are not bothering to
  look at _any_ of the tradeoffs, so a diagram that detailed can get
  distracting.

  On the other hand, I think it is useful for helping
  people to see just how complicated email can be.  With luck, this will
  reduce the tendency to treat it simplistically.


d/
--
 Dave Crocker <dcrocker-at-brandenburg-dot-com>
 Brandenburg InternetWorking <www.brandenburg.com>
 Sunnyvale, CA  USA <tel:+1.408.246.8253>


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Dave Crocker wrote:

> I don't remember seeing this mentioned, but think it worth highlighting
> for folks:
> 
> Patrik Falstrom did a mail flow control chart that is _extremely_
> detailed.  I've been doing a simplistic one, for easy discussion, but
> his is very thorough.
> 
> It is at <http://www.ripe.net/ripe/meetings/ripe-47/mailflows.pdf>
> 
> 

It was also used in the slides as part of his NIST presentation 
yesterday. As soon as NIST posts copies of the slides, I will post a 
link here.

Yakov
-------
Yakov Shafranovich / asrg <at> shaftek.org
SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc. / research <at> solidmatrix.com
  "Why are both drug addicts and computer aficionados both called 
users?" (Clifford Stoll)
-------

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To: "'Yakov Shafranovich'" <research@solidmatrix.com>,
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Subject: RE: [Asrg] Patrik Falstrom's mailflow chart
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> It was also used in the slides as part of his NIST presentation 
> yesterday. As soon as NIST posts copies of the slides, I will post a 
> link here.

I think that equally useful was the commentary. Basically there are flows
that are currently used that are likely to break. Some, like open relays
should be broken, others there will be discussion on.

I don't think we necessarily need to worry about breaking some of the flows.
Breaking the ability to achieve a particular (desirable) outcome is a
problem. Breaking a particular means of achieving it is not.

The object here is to break the Internet for spammers and to break it as
little as possible for the rest of us.

	Phill

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From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@ox.org>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 0. General - Mailing list summary... 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Wed, 18 Feb 2004 18:51:07 GMT."
             <20040218185107.GD12454@linuxufo.com> 
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Peter Sergeant <pete@clueball.com> wrote:
> A large thread kicked off on the subject of websites sending email on
> behalf of a user - such as the 'Email this article' to a friend feature
> that many online publications have. This was decried as being 'forged
> spam' by Alan DeKok - the upshot seemed to be that some people believed
> that any email you couldn't be absolutely sure came from a given sender
> was 'forged spam',

  That is an intentional mischaracterization of my position.  I have
never talked about "absolute" ways of deciding a message isn't spam. 

  What I have said repeatedly, and you have obviously not understood,
is that if the recipient cannot tell the difference between
"legitimate" messages matching a particular characteristic, and "spam"
messages with the same characteristics, then the recipient cannot tell
the two classes of messages apart.  The recipient may well then decide
to treat *all* such messages as spam.

  So two key points:

  a) lack of information means that decisions becomes more difficult
  b) the recipient makes its own decisions about what to do

  You are characterizing my position as:

  a) if you can't make a perfect decision, then none is possible
  b) the recipient must label spam what Alan says is spam

  Nothing could be further from the truth.

  Alan DeKok.

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From: Seth Breidbart <sethb@panix.com>
To: asrg@ietf.org
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] 0. General - Mailing list summary...
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"Alan DeKok" <aland@ox.org> wrote:

>  What I have said repeatedly, and you have obviously not understood,
> is that if the recipient cannot tell the difference between
> "legitimate" messages matching a particular characteristic, and
> "spam" messages with the same characteristics, then the recipient
> cannot tell the two classes of messages apart.

You mean, if someone can't tell the difference between non-spam and
spam then he can't tell the difference between non-spam and spam?  How
is that a useful observation?

>  The recipient may well then decide
> to treat *all* such messages as spam.

The recipient *may* decide _anything_.

>  a) lack of information means that decisions becomes more difficult

Of course.

>  b) the recipient makes its own decisions about what to do

Not a new observation, either.

The question is whether or not a particular characteristic may be
_useful_ to a recipient.  That characteristic might be "I have reason
to believe the From: header is not forged" or "I have reason to
believe the MAIL FROM argument is not forged" or "I have reason to
believe the HELO argument is not forged" or "The body of the text
contains 27 words or phrases I've seen in Nigerian spam and not in
other email".  All of those _can be useful_.  None of them is
determinative.  (For instance, the latter might be a procmail recipe
to eliminate Nigerian spam.)

Going back to the original question of maybe-forged-From
vs. known-not-forged-From, the former is much more likely to be spam;
but most of my legitimate email is in the latter category, so treating
it all as spam would be foolish.

Seth

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From: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>
Organization: SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc.
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Subject: [Asrg] 0. General - New RFCs on IPR issues in the IETF
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The RFC Editor has published three new RFCs on IPR issues within the 
IETF. While the IRTF does not have a set IPR policy and the ASRG is 
operating with an interim IPR policy, this information is useful to ASRG 
since part of what we do is pre-standards work for the IETF. Many of you 
who plan to propose solutions, should be aware of the IPR policies of 
the IETF if you are hoping to standardize your solutions. The list is as 
follows:

RFC 3667 / BCP 78, S. Bradner, "IETF Rights in Contributions"
RFC 3668 / BCP 79, S. Bradner, "Intellectual Property Rights in IETF 
Technology"
RFC 3669, S. Brim, "Guidelines for Working Groups on Intellectual 
Property Issues"

Links are as follows:

ftp://ftp.rfc-editor.org/in-notes/rfc3667.txt
ftp://ftp.rfc-editor.org/in-notes/rfc3668.txt
ftp://ftp.rfc-editor.org/in-notes/rfc3669.txt

Yakov
-------
Yakov Shafranovich / asrg <at> shaftek.org
SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc. / research <at> solidmatrix.com
"Be liberal in what you accept, and conservative in what you send" (Jon 
Postel)
-------

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Subject: [Asrg] 3c: *MX through extended ESMTP VRFY extenstion
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Proposal:  define an ESMTP extension that allows the VRFY command to
accept additional information -- a host address -- and defines 
responses.  Instead
of using DNS for distributing this information.

The MX hosts for your domain would need to be aware of where
you are when you roam -- but that is between you and your domain and could
be resovled as part of your e-mail service.

Information about how long to cache a result would be included in the 
responses

MTAs might become caching verifiers just like DNS servers?

I imagine a new EHLO heyword VRFYVIA which would extend VRFY so that
you can ask example.com's MX

      VRFY username@example.com VIA 134.193.4.60

and mx.example.com will reply with one of the following extended list of 
response codes
    250 (good user, good path, we would accept and deliver to them)
    251 (good user, good path, but not local)
    253 (good user, they have path-checking turned off so we reccommend 
optimism)
    453 (good user, they might be roaming, we're checking with them 
about the path)
    504 I cannot understand the path parameter
    550 (bad user, don't care about the path)
    551 not our user
    553 problem with mailbox name
    554 (good user, bad path: do not accept)
    555 (good user,  known to roam, but query about this path has 
expired so we reccommend pessimism)

and NOT one of these keywords listed in rfc 2821
    252 "Cannot VRFY user, but will accept message and attempt delivery"
    502 not implemented.  We lied when we listed VRFYVIA in our 
capbilities list.



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Whoops, left out non-local cases and the whole caching concept.

Any VRFYVIA response can contain a CACHEFOR [number] keyword, which
indicates how many seconds to cache the result.  Participating MTAs are
responsible for caching CACHEFOR information in terms of an expiration time
and including propoerly adjusted CACHEFOR numbers in non-local replies.

> Client asks: VRFY username@example.com VIA 134.193.4.60
> and mx.example.com replies with one of the following extended list of 
> response codes
>    250 (good user, good path, we would accept and deliver to them)
>    251 (good user, good path, but not local)  <-- (possibly cached 
> non-local 250 response)
>    253 (good user, they have path-checking turned off so we reccommend 
> optimism)

    254  possibly cached non-local 253 response
    255  the mx that handles the recipient of this message does not do 
VRFYVIA

>    453 (good user, they might be roaming, we're checking with them 
> about the path)

    454 possibly cached non-local 453 response

>    504 I cannot understand the path parameter
>    550 (bad user, don't care about the path)
>    551 not our user (implies that we don't do recursive queries)
>    553 problem with mailbox name
>    554 (good user, bad path: do not accept)
>    555 (good user,  known to roam, but query about this path has 
> expired so we reccommend pessimism)

   
    505 possibly cached non-local 504
    556 possibly cached non-local 550
    557 possibly cached non-local 553
    558 possibly cached non-local 554
    559 possibly cached non-local 555

>
> and NOT one of these keywords listed in rfc 2821
>    252 "Cannot VRFY user, but will accept message and attempt delivery"
>    502 not implemented.  We lied when we listed VRFYVIA in our 
> capbilities list.


Better still, we could allow 502 and use reply code 502 as a signal for 
indicating
which MX (other than us) is the designated VRFYVIA host for a domain:
    c: VRFY tuco.ramirez@example.com VIA 134.193.4.60
    s: 502  mta3.example.com CACHEFOR 2419200
then client would have to disconnect from wherever they are connected to
(mta1.example.com perhaps) and connect to mta3.example.com instead to
get VRFYVIA data.

Implementing for receiving MTAs:

Choose a participating r3-type box to be the main VRFYVIA cache for your 
network or ISP,
and consult with it before accepting any mail.  When the machine is 
heavily loaded it might
start fail gracefully by issuing 551 codes so we have to watch for the 
551 code and do our
own recursive VRFYVIA queries when we see one, otherwise we can accept 
or not based on
the possibly cached data.  Also have to watch for 502 and go ask 
elsewhere when we
see that too.


Comments, please?

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At 18/2/2004 22:26 Wednesday, you wrote:
>Comments, please?

Only one: Which halfway sane mail administrator has VRFY enabled nowadays?


Are you trying to introduce better address harvesting support for ESMTP or 
what?
Sorry, I dont get it.

Andreas 


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Andreas Saurwein wrote:

> At 18/2/2004 22:26 Wednesday, you wrote:
>
>> Comments, please?
>
>
> Only one: Which halfway sane mail administrator has VRFY enabled 
> nowadays?
>
>
> Are you trying to introduce better address harvesting support for 
> ESMTP or what?
> Sorry, I dont get it.
>
> Andreas


the proposed VRFYVIA does not imply VRFY.

Does LMAP etc. have a response to the "it would facilitate harvesting" 
argument?
That would apply here too.

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David Nicol wrote:
> Andreas Saurwein wrote:
>> At 18/2/2004 22:26 Wednesday, you wrote:
>>> Comments, please?
>>
>> Only one: Which halfway sane mail administrator has VRFY enabled 
>> nowadays?
>>
>> Are you trying to introduce better address harvesting support for 
>> ESMTP or what?
>> Sorry, I dont get it.
> 
> the proposed VRFYVIA does not imply VRFY.
> 
> Does LMAP etc. have a response to the "it would facilitate harvesting" 
> argument?
> That would apply here too.

I think Andreas was keying on the subject line you used and the way you 
phrased your proposal. This has disadvantages similar to VRFY, in that it 
could potentially be used to verify the authenticity of addresses if one 
isn't careful with the responses.
On the other hand, we've seen that spammers have little to no motivation to 
prune invalid addresses from their lists, as they have little cost either in 
sending or in dealing with bounces.

LMAP has no response to 'it would facilitate harvesting' because anyone who 
reads the discussion document (not sure about the specific implementations) 
can see that it doesn't. It gives no information about any specific mailbox 
specification, only the relationship between an IP and a domain.

I'll comment on your proposal separately.

Philip Miller

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CC: Andreas Saurwein <saurwein@uniwares.com>, asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 3c: *MX through extended ESMTP VRFY extenstion
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David Nicol wrote:
> Andreas Saurwein wrote:
> 
>> At 18/2/2004 22:26 Wednesday, you wrote:
>>
>>> Comments, please?
>>
>> Only one: Which halfway sane mail administrator has VRFY enabled 
>> nowadays?
>>
>> Are you trying to introduce better address harvesting support for 
>> ESMTP or what?
>> Sorry, I dont get it.
> 
> the proposed VRFYVIA does not imply VRFY.
> 
> Does LMAP etc. have a response to the "it would facilitate harvesting" 
> argument?
> That would apply here too.
> 

There is a key difference between LMAP and your proposal: LMAP only 
deals with domains, not individual senders. This is why harvesting would 
be a bigger issue with your proposal rather than LMAP.

However, the same exact issue applies with any kind of SMTP-based 
challenge response system like Verizon uses. So far we haven't seen any 
facts on whether it has facilitated harvesting.

The following presentation might be useful, since it looks like the same 
thing as you are trying to do:

http://www.elan.net/~william/asrg-emailpathverification-presentation.pdf

In general, it is a good idea to consider other means of authentication 
and identification aside from STMP. The key question is to decide which 
do we care to identify and authenticate: IP address, domain or 
individual sender. There is still significant disagreement on that.

Yakov
-------
Yakov Shafranovich / asrg <at> shaftek.org
SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc. / research <at> solidmatrix.com
"Power tends to corrupt, and absolute power corrupts absolutely" (Lord 
Acton)
-------

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From: Brett Watson <famous-asrg@nutters.org>
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] 0. General - Mailing list summary...
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Peter Sergeant said:
> I'd also like to BEG people on this list who are using mail clients that
> are somehow destroying or not setting 'In-reply-to' or 'References'

Like me? A consequence of the fact that I prefer to read the mailing list from 
its web archive, I'm afraid -- a mode in which it is currently impossible to 
comply with your otherwise quite reasonable request.

Regards,
TFBW


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From: Eugene Crosser <crosser@rol.ru>
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Subject: [Asrg] 1c. Analysis of Spam - biological approach
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Gentlemen,

I was wondering if it could be useful to take a somewhat unorthodox view
at the problem of spam (for a change).

Consider the multipliciy of Internet email users ("email system") as a
biological organism.  Look at spammers as parasites (or bacteria, or
cancer cells).  Like parasites/bacteria, spammers support their life by
sucking resources from the hosting organizm, and possibly poison it with
toxic output.

Now, in the biological world, there can be several scenarios of
relationship between the host and parasites:

A. parasites have negligible or positive effect on the host's health. 
(in this case, they are called symbionts).

B. parasites have negative impact on the host's health (the host suffers
from a desease).

B.1. The host gets active defense against parasites and eliminates them
(gets well himself, or thanks to medical treatment).  Parasites die.

B.2. The host gets passive defense against parasites and do not suffer
anymore, while the parasites stay alive (scenario turns to 'A').

B.3. The host continues to suffer but stays alive, feeding parasytes
(chronic disease).

B.4. The host eventually dies, bringing parasites to death as well
(terminal desease).

Now, it could be interesting to learn which conditions define the choice
of scenario in the biological world, and try to translate them to the
"world of email".  This way, we can hope to get:

- prognosis for the further development of spam "desease" 
- estimation of potential effect of various proposed "medecines"
- clues on where to look for the best remedies

Anyone with a degree in bioscience here?  Or willing to bring in someone
knowledgeble?  Any previous works in this area?

Eugene


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From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@ox.org>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 0. General - Mailing list summary... 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Wed, 18 Feb 2004 16:32:42 EST."
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Seth Breidbart <sethb@panix.com> wrote:
> You mean, if someone can't tell the difference between non-spam and
> spam then he can't tell the difference between non-spam and spam?  How
> is that a useful observation?

  For one, many people don't get that.  See previous discussions I had
with you, where you claimed that forged mail sent on your behalf by a
news service was "legitimate".  When I responded that it was difficult
to impossible for the recipient to tell this, you re-iterated your
belief that the recipient should treat the message as legitimate, but
did not describe any method an MTA could use to make that decision.

  Many people have a blind spot, that the messages *they* believe to
be spam can be treated as spam by all MTA's, and the messages *they*
believe to be legitimate can be treated as legitimate by all
MTA's... just because they say so.  That's nice, but I'm interested in
things I can implement on the network.  Random messages on mailing
lists saying CNN is a "legitimate" source of mail are irrelevant.

> The recipient *may* decide _anything_.

  See the previous comment on blind spots.  Many people believe that
*their* criteria for distinguishing spam from non-spam is the *only*
criteria, and that everyone should use it, and nothing else.

  My position is that I have my personal beliefs, but I'm trying to
work with others to design a system where each recipient can make
their own decisions, based on their own policy.  Yet most of the time
I say that, I get responses like "Your criteria are wrong!  You're
trying to force everyone to use *your* system!  I don't like that.
Everyone should be forced to use *my* system!"

  As Spock says, "Fascinating."

> Going back to the original question of maybe-forged-From
> vs. known-not-forged-From, the former is much more likely to be spam;
> but most of my legitimate email is in the latter category, so treating
> it all as spam would be foolish.

  If you know it's not forged, then treating it as spam would be
idiotic.  I find it interesting that you're implying I've proposed
such idiocy.

  Once again: HOW do you know it's not spam?  If you can't find the
relevant information and use it in your MTA, then it can't make that
spam/non-spam decision.

  We can use the following information, for example:

  a) whitelisted IP's
  b) whitelisted domains (accept messages from any MX in that domain)
  c) whitelisted mailing lists (domain, and/or body to:)
  d) content filters
  e) etc.

  It's trivially obvious that if a "forged" message comes from a
whitelisted IP, then the recipient MAY choose to treat it as non-spam,
even though it appears to be forged.  In this case, the recipient has
information: the whitelist, which allows it to make the "non-spam"
determination.

  For other messages, which fall into the "swamp", where MAIL FROM
doesn't match a whitelist, source IP is not a recognizable MX, body
FROM doesn't correspond to MAIL FROM or rDNS of the source IP, then
there is often NO WAY to tell if that message is legitimate or not.
Sure, you can pass it through a content filter, but magic filters
aside, what content filter is perfect?

  At best, you've just spent a lot of CPU time and memory to do
content filtering, and then determined that the message, like 99.99%
of such messages, was spam.  What's your incentive now to keep
performing the content filtering?  What's your incentive to continue
accepting such forged messages?  What's your incentive to design a
system where people can more easily discover such forgeries?


  I've been a proponent of systems like RMX or LMAP, which allow
domains to publish information that gives a recipient sufficient
information to determine that a "forged" message from a roaming user
is, in fact, legitimate.  Such information is often impossible to find
on the network today.  I've been a proponent of such systems because I
want to KNOW that a message isn't spam.  I want to design a protocol
so that my MTA can make an informed decision that a message was
legitimate, just like you claim you want to do, too.

  And despite my public position being in *favour* of such systems, I
*still* get accused of wanting to forbid that behaviour.  I'm amazed
and appalled at the simple inability to read what I've wrote, and to
remember it from day to day.  I'm amazed that the people making such
accusations aren't proposing *any* way for an MTA to make those
decisions itself.  I'm amazed that they think that statements on
mailing lists about "legitimate" messages matter somehow to an MTA.
MTA's don't read mailing lists.

  To quote Spock again, "Fascinating."

  Alan DeKok.

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To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 3c: *MX through extended ESMTP VRFY extenstion 
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David Nicol <davidnicol@pay2send.com> wrote;
> Does LMAP etc. have a response to the "it would facilitate harvesting" 
> argument?
> That would apply here too.

  Not for email addresses, because LMAP doesn't publish information
about email addresses.

  LMAP does have a statement about the records it does publish.  All
such information is already public in one form or another.

  Read the document for more details.

  Alan DeKok.

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[Note: I am not a biologist by training, but a CS person who has an 
interest in it.]

Eugene Crosser Wrote:

> A. parasites have negligible or positive effect on the host's health.
>  (in this case, they are called symbionts).
 > B. parasites have negative impact on the host's health (the host
 >  suffers from a desease).

These points somewhat depend on what one is viewing as the 'host'. That
is, are we thinking of the host as the entire mail system, or an end user?

(A) From the end-user point of view, the relationship can be thought of
as loosely symbiotic (but the effect is neither negligible nor positive
for the host). If one takes an economic view, a spammer _needs_ some
people to respond to their messages whether it means visiting a web site
or making a purchase.

(B) The general state of the mail system today. Unhappy end users, mail
providers requiring additional infrastructure, etc.

> B.1. The host gets active defense against parasites and eliminates 
> them (gets well himself, or thanks to medical treatment).  Parasites
>  die.

The end result of an ideal spam-proof system (or working legal
solution). In context of current solutions, this direction is perhaps
when messages are dropped at the MTA by filtering or host blacklist
matching.

When the response is inaccurate we have unwanted side effects. In a
biological sense, this might be when the immune system makes a
recognition error attacking its own cells or a treatment affects more
than the targeted cells.

> B.2. The host gets passive defense against parasites and do not 
> suffer anymore, while the parasites stay alive (scenario turns to 
> 'A').

Perhaps closest to a widespread application of effective filtering
solutions at the ISP level where spams are marked but not
destroyed by the ISP or always filtered out by the end users. The
burden caused by the parasite is still there, but masked.

> B.3. The host continues to suffer but stays alive, feeding parasytes 
> (chronic disease).

Same as B.?

> B.4. The host eventually dies, bringing parasites to death as well 
> (terminal desease).

Our worst case scenario.

End user: Where they find the signal to noise ratio too high rendering
e-mail unusable.

Broader sense: When the amount of spam far outweighs that of legitimate
e-mail such that ISPs or end users en-masse abandon e-mail altogether
for something else.

One may lead to the other. For example consider Usenet. Relatively few
people use it, but the cost of running the service is very high in terms
of bandwidth and storage. To this end some ISPs no longer offer
access or use an outside company to supply the feed. If few people used
e-mail anymore due to spam, would ISPs still offer it? (I realize the 
two systems are vastly different in requirements so this probably 
wouldn't happen due to spam anyway).

> Anyone with a degree in bioscience here?  Or willing to bring in 
> someone knowledgeble?  Any previous works in this area?

I do not think this view has been taken before with spam (in terms of a
research paper at least).  Though it's a very interesting idea.

The general concept bringing in ideas from biological systems (in 
particular, immune systems) and computing has been drawn before.

In systems security, Stephanie Forrest has done a fair amount of work on
this (http://www.cs.unm.edu/~forrest/). Her paper "A sense of self for
Unix processes" (Under the 'Computer security...' publication section) 
is a good starter.

An expansion on your general view of the relationship between biology,
us, and spammers might be:

Legitimate e-mail: Our 'good' cells
Spam: Our 'bad' cells
Host:
    End users, ISPs, MTAs, Internet itself (?).
Immune system:
    Anti-spam software (new protocols too), aggressive laws/lawyers.
Energy source: Money direct or indirect (web site hits)
Parasites:
    a) Spammers, "marketing" organizations, etc.
    b) Symbiotes:
       i) Bimodal: open relays ('good' as a mail server for the
           authorized users, bad for others).
      ii) Spammers: they need us for energy
Viruses:
    Compromised systems sending out spam by proxy, or compromising
    other systems.

[Below is some expanded biology stuff, feel free to correct me as it
  has been a few years since I've studied the immune system.]

In biology terms, the immune system can recognize 'bad' from 'good' by
recognizing specific protein sequences (binding sites). Generally the 
cells can recognize multiple sequences.  Hence, vaccines
to train the immune system.  Mutations occur during replication via 
various 'errors' in the reproductive process. Mutant cells are similar, 
but the binding sites may be different such that the immune system 
cannot recognize the 'bad' cell.

A spam filtering parallel might be hashes or 'loose' hashes or spams
that can recognize a family of messages. Our mutations are the
randomized messages that try to break hashes or skew word frequency
statistics.

A lower level view that might also be useful is to draw parallels
between spam and single stranded DNA (ssDNA).  Consider the sequence
of 'good' cells versus 'bad' cells. Broadly there are coding and
non-coding regions in ssDNA. What parts of e-mail could be described as
such? Other relevant areas: transcription (tRNA), etc.

This is getting really long so I'll stop now =)

-Greg

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Alan DeKok wrote:

>... forged mail sent on your behalf by a news service ...
>... the recipient should treat the message as legitimate, but
>[no] method an MTA could use to make that decision [has been described].
>  
>

The system I would be better using my time coding on instead of writing 
this,
in the event of a message arriving from a envelope return address (MAIL 
FROM command)
that has registered an IP list from an IP that is not on the list, 
issues a temporary
failure code and notifies the alleged sender about the message so they 
can issue
a one-time pass or add the IP to their list.  It remains to be seen how 
much of a headache
this is going to be.



>MTA's don't read mailing lists. -- Alan DeKok
>  
>
the above line would be a good signature file quote


David Nicol

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At 19/2/2004 17:18 Thursday, David Nicol wrote:
The system I would be better using my time coding on instead of writing this,
>in the event of a message arriving from a envelope return address (MAIL 
>FROM command)
>that has registered an IP list from an IP that is not on the list, issues 
>a temporary
>failure code and notifies the alleged sender about the message so they can 
>issue
>a one-time pass or add the IP to their list.  It remains to be seen how 
>much of a headache
>this is going to be.

So one receives 100 notifications every day, that someone wants to send 
spam instead of receiving 100 spams directly. Seems not a big improvement.
I think this would open some more cans of worms. Too much potential for 
DDoS attacks.

Andreas 


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Subject: Re: [Asrg] 1c: approach to allowing "good forgery" 
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David Nicol <davidnicol@pay2send.com> wrote:
> The system I would be better using my time coding on instead of
> writing this, in the event of a message arriving from a envelope
> return address (MAIL FROM command) that has registered an IP list
> from an IP that is not on the list, issues a temporary failure code
> and ...

  Sounds a lot like greylisting.

> >MTA's don't read mailing lists. -- Alan DeKok
>
> the above line would be a good signature file quote

  Yeah, it would seem to be obvious, but then again...

  Alan DeKok.

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> From: Brett Watson <famous-asrg@nutters.org>
> Organization: PhD Student, Macquarie University
> Date: Thu, 19 Feb 2004 15:14:08 +1100
> 
> Peter Sergeant said:
> 
>>> I'd also like to BEG people on this list who are using mail clients that
>>> are somehow destroying or not setting 'In-reply-to' or 'References'
> 
> 
> Like me? A consequence of the fact that I prefer to read the mailing list from 
> its web archive, I'm afraid -- a mode in which it is currently impossible to 
> comply with your otherwise quite reasonable request.

Ditto for those of us who receive the list as a digest.

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Subject: [Asrg] Patrik Falstrom's mailflow chart
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> Date: Wed, 18 Feb 2004 11:20:47 -0800
> From: Dave Crocker <dhc@dcrocker.net>

> I don't remember seeing this mentioned, but think it worth highlighting
> for folks:
> 
> Patrik Falstrom did a mail flow control chart that is _extremely_
> detailed.  I've been doing a simplistic one, for easy discussion, but
> his is very thorough.
> 
> It is at <http://www.ripe.net/ripe/meetings/ripe-47/mailflows.pdf>

Great! A couple of nits:
1. The description of flows 14 and 16 appear to be transposed
2. it is of course possible to have multiple .forward/mailing list expansions

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"Alan DeKok" <aland@ox.org> wrote:
> Seth Breidbart <sethb@panix.com> wrote:

>> You mean, if someone can't tell the difference between non-spam and
>> spam then he can't tell the difference between non-spam and spam?  How
>> is that a useful observation?
>
>  For one, many people don't get that.  See previous discussions I had
> with you, where you claimed that forged mail sent on your behalf by a
> news service was "legitimate".

If I authorize (or request) the use of my email address, then that use
is legitimate, no scare quotes necessary.

>  When I responded that it was difficult
> to impossible for the recipient to tell this, you re-iterated your
> belief that the recipient should treat the message as legitimate, but
> did not describe any method an MTA could use to make that decision.

Your inability to determine that the usage was legitimate does not
affect its legitimacy, although it can affect your behavior.

>  Many people have a blind spot, that the messages *they* believe to
> be spam can be treated as spam by all MTA's, and the messages *they*
> believe to be legitimate can be treated as legitimate by all
> MTA's... just because they say so.  That's nice, but I'm interested in
> things I can implement on the network.

There are lots of ways to implement things.

>  Random messages on mailing
> lists saying CNN is a "legitimate" source of mail are irrelevant.

For instance, the domain owner can specify (e.g. using SPF) that mail
claiming to be from a particular subdomain can legitimately be emitted
by cnn.com.

>> The recipient *may* decide _anything_.
>
>  See the previous comment on blind spots.  Many people believe that
> *their* criteria for distinguishing spam from non-spam is the *only*
> criteria, and that everyone should use it, and nothing else.

I believe that only the recipient's criteria for _determining what to
do_ matter in _what the recipient does_.  That does NOT affect whether
or not a message _actually is_ spam.

>> Going back to the original question of maybe-forged-From
>> vs. known-not-forged-From, the former is much more likely to be spam;
>> but most of my legitimate email is in the latter category, so treating
>> it all as spam would be foolish.
>
>  If you know it's not forged, then treating it as spam would be
> idiotic.

What if it actually _is_ spam?  If I know it's not forged
(e.g. actually comes from hotmail's IP space with a hotmail address)
but I also know it's spam (because it _is_ Nigerian spam), treating it
as spam is the correct thing to do.

>  Once again: HOW do you know it's not spam?  If you can't find the
> relevant information and use it in your MTA, then it can't make that
> spam/non-spam decision.

That's right; but the issue is spam, not forgery or froggery.

>  It's trivially obvious that if a "forged" message comes from a
> whitelisted IP, then the recipient MAY choose to treat it as non-spam,
> even though it appears to be forged.

The recipient MAY do whatever he damn-well pleases.  His toys, his
rules.

>  For other messages, which fall into the "swamp", where MAIL FROM
> doesn't match a whitelist, source IP is not a recognizable MX, body
> FROM doesn't correspond to MAIL FROM or rDNS of the source IP, then
> there is often NO WAY to tell if that message is legitimate or not.
> Sure, you can pass it through a content filter, but magic filters
> aside, what content filter is perfect?

None, but at least it gives you more information than you had before.

>  At best, you've just spent a lot of CPU time and memory to do
> content filtering, and then determined that the message, like 99.99%
> of such messages, was spam.  What's your incentive now to keep
> performing the content filtering?

The .01% (or higher, in my case) of such messages that _are_
legitimate and that I want to receive.

>  What's your incentive to continue accepting such forged messages?

Who said it was forged?  All I observed was that my MTA could not
determine that it was not forged.

>  What's your incentive to design a
> system where people can more easily discover such forgeries?

It's information they can use.

>  And despite my public position being in *favour* of such systems, I
> *still* get accused of wanting to forbid that behaviour.

I haven't accused you of that, only of apparent confusion.

Seth



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Subject: Re: [Asrg] =?ISO-8859-1?Q?Patrik_F=E4ltstr=F6m?= 's mailflow chart
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> Date: Wed, 18 Feb 2004 11:35:54 -0800
> From: Dave Crocker <dhc@dcrocker.net>

>   I should comment that I think that the slide has far too much detail,
>   for most discussions.  Most of the time, folks are not bothering to
>   look at _any_ of the tradeoffs, so a diagram that detailed can get
>   distracting.
> 
>   On the other hand, I think it is useful for helping
>   people to see just how complicated email can be.  With luck, this will
>   reduce the tendency to treat it simplistically.

Also on the other hand, the chart omits some detail that is critical to
some discussions.  For example, there have been some recent discussions
elsewhere regarding DSNs and bounces provoked by some of the recent
worms (http://www.imc.org/ietf-smtp/mail-archive/msg01062.html
http://www.dshield.org/pipermail/list/2004-February/subject.php (Subject
"[Dshield] SPF is fundamentally flawed" (it's not primarily about SPF)
(the links were broken when I tried them this morning)).
As I understand it, the "Bagle" worm used an internal SMTP engine to
send directly to the recipient's MX host (flow 1 in Patrik's diagram).
In the case of a non-existent recipient in that domain, the MTA (presumably
MTA(r1) in Patrik's diagram) would send a 5yz response and there would
be no bounce or DSN.  However, it appears that a number of sites use a
"perimeter" MTA which does not check for recipient validity, but instead
stores and forwards to another MTA in the recipient's domain which does
perform such a check, and which is then responsible for a DSN or bounce
(which goes to the forged sender envelope address).

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From: Brett Watson <famous-asrg@nutters.org>
Organization: PhD Student, Macquarie University
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Patrik =?iso-8859-1?q?F=E4ltstr=F6m=20's=20mailflow?= chart
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Bruce Lilly wrote:
> Also on the other hand, the chart omits some detail that is critical to
> some discussions.  For example, there have been some recent...

By my understanding of the mailflow chart there are no "bounce" scenarios at 
all; only what you might call "forward delivery". You'd have to make the 
chart significantly more complex to show the bounce cases, especially given 
the instances of forwarding and envelope rewriting. Not to mention complexity 
introduced by the lack of essential relationship between the sender and the 
bounce address (at the core of so many of our problems).

Regards,
TFBW


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From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@ox.org>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 0. General - Mailing list summary... 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Thu, 19 Feb 2004 23:43:45 EST."
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Seth Breidbart <sethb@panix.com> wrote:
> Your inability to determine that the usage was legitimate does not
> affect its legitimacy, although it can affect your behavior.

  If my MTA can't tell it's legitimate, then I don't really care about
statements you make on a mailing list claiming that such messages are
legitimate.  Those statements are irrelevant, unimportant, and
completely pointless.

  To re-iterate: I'm interested in what information MTA's can use, and
what decisions they can come to.  Theoretical issues of legitimacy are
a waste of time.

  You're stuck on the idea that I've somehow labelled your messages
illegitimate, and you feel bad that I've made a value judgement about
your mail.  I haven't.  I've explained why I haven't.  Get over it.

  I've labelled those messages as "my MTA can't tell they're
legitimate", and I don't really care about your opinion, unless you're
willing to publish your opinions in a form my MTA can use.  Get it?

> I believe that only the recipient's criteria for _determining what to
> do_ matter in _what the recipient does_.  That does NOT affect whether
> or not a message _actually is_ spam.

  To quote someone else: That depends on what the meaning of "is" is.

  You're interested in philosophical discussions, and steadfastly
refuse to address the only issue: what information is available in the
network.

  MTA's don't read mailing lists.  Nothing else is relevant.

  Alan DeKok.

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Greg Wittel wrote:
> 
>> Anyone with a degree in bioscience here?  Or willing to bring in 
>> someone knowledgeble?  Any previous works in this area?
> 
> 
> I do not think this view has been taken before with spam (in terms of a
> research paper at least).  Though it's a very interesting idea.
> 

I would add to this that this is similar in many ways to the analogies 
drawn between real-world viruses/worms and computers viruses. Perhaps 
this can be extended to spam.

Another interesting point, is that in spam machines are fighting 
machines - spam is sent by spam programs, not humans; and is fought via 
spam filters, not humans.

Yakov
-------
Yakov Shafranovich / asrg <at> shaftek.org
SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc. / research <at> solidmatrix.com
"And this too shall come to pass"
-------

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On Fri, 2004-02-20 at 09:00, Brett Watson wrote:
>  Not to mention complexity 
> introduced by the lack of essential relationship between the sender and the 
> bounce address (at the core of so many of our problems).

The system I'm supposed to be working on instead of writing to this list
only accepts bounce messages when it recognizes the message-ID or
the bounce-message is otherwise acceptable to the recipient to whom
it is bouncing.


-- 
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] 0. General - Spamming on QMTP?
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On Sun, Feb 08, 2004 at 01:17:46AM -0200, Andreas Saurwein wrote:
> Just wondering if there are any (more) occurances of spamming using QMTP?
> If so, would it be reasonable to address QMTP in this group?
> 
> Maex? I think you have some experience with that.

Sorry for the long delay, I have been rather busy on other topics and
try to catch up with this group now.

We currently only publish the QMTP MXPS record and I haven't seen
any spam coming in for the last two weeks (I have checked the logfiles
right now).
IIRC execpt for one incident alle the spam via QMTP was through QMTP
enabled qmail servers that acted as a relay for customers that got their
hosts abused.

As QMTP doesn't provide any more or less authentication and authorization
mechanisms than SMTP does I don't think it is necessary to make any
differences or special treatment.

	\Maex

-- 
SpaceNet AG            | Joseph-Dollinger-Bogen 14 | Fon: +49 (89) 32356-0
Research & Development |       D-80807 Muenchen    | Fax: +49 (89) 32356-299
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 proportional to the amount of vacuity between the ears of the admin"

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>Yakov wrote:
>>Greg Wittel wrote:
>>
>>Anyone with a degree in bioscience here? Or willing to bring in someone 
>>knowledgeble? Any previous works in this area.
>
>I do not think this view has been taken before with spam (in
......
>I would add to this that this is similar in many ways to the analogies 
>drawn between real-world viruses/worms and computers viruses. Perhaps this 
>can be extended to spam.

Would oppose to that. Mainly because that viruses have a self-interest in 
expand to get control over it's environment, like an automata. I.e. the 
basic biological survival process. Som digital viruses and worms have the 
same functions, but a spam is totaly devoid of it. Spam simply can't 
"self-propagation" as a virus. It is dependent on the "work-order" of its 
creator. The virus doesn't care.

Spam is basically a economic function, i.e. to earn money to it's sender, 
not to dominate a ecological niche. Therefore spam in itself have today 
(except as a DoS function) no own interest or any internal function to take 
over the environment it thrives on, while the virus have. It is just a 
distributed "paper", with a content. Even if economy may look like viruses 
at times, there is significant differences. No, I would look at basic 
economic drivers as a model, something that is supported by those articles 
and interviews we have seen with spammers the last year.

The virus mutates to counteract environmental changes, while spam don't.  
All spams are still the same "paper" as on Spamfords time, a sellable 
content (a hoax is to sell something that don't exist :-) and a 
communication interface (usually a url/phone no). OK, we might persive them 
as changed over time because they are camouflaged nowerdays, but it is still 
the same active package in the center. A virus can change to something 
completely different, change ecological niches and so on.

Regards
Kurt Magnusson

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Subject: [Asrg] 3. SMTP Session/Message Verification - competitive methods
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I think there will be implemented some competitive SMTP level 
session/message/address verification methods.

Cooperativity between the different anti-worm, anti-forgery, anti-spam 
methods is a question for me.

For example implementing more than one SMTP session verification method 
into an MX is lead to a problem: how to select the proper method?


z2

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Subject: [Asrg] 3b. SMTP Session Verification - MSFT's Caller ID proposal posted
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Microsoft has posted publicly copies of their Caller ID proposal, a 
proposal very similar to LMAP proposals. It is available here:

http://www.microsoft.com/mscorp/twc/privacy/spam_callerid.mspx

Yakov

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Subject: RE: [Asrg] 3b. SMTP Session Verification - MSFT's Caller ID proposal posted
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This is also just one part of the larger Coordinated Spam Reduction
Initiative, which builds on Caller ID for E-mail. www.microsoft.com/spam
is probably the best place to start navigating from.

	Bob

> -----Original Message-----
> From: asrg-admin@ietf.org [mailto:asrg-admin@ietf.org] On Behalf Of
Yakov
> Shafranovich
> Sent: Tuesday, February 24, 2004 12:27 PM
> To: ASRG
> Subject: [Asrg] 3b. SMTP Session Verification - MSFT's Caller ID
proposal
> posted
>=20
> Microsoft has posted publicly copies of their Caller ID proposal, a
> proposal very similar to LMAP proposals. It is available here:
>=20
> http://www.microsoft.com/mscorp/twc/privacy/spam_callerid.mspx
>=20
> Yakov
>=20
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg

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Za'mbori, Zolta'n wrote:

> For example implementing more than one SMTP session verification 
> method into an MX is lead to a problem: how to select the proper method?

I'm keeping a database of all senders and asking each and every one of 
them how they wish to
be identified.  But that's just me.

-- 
davidnicol@pay2send.com.
Include phrase "cat and buttered toast" to get through my filter


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From: Brett Watson <famous-asrg@nutters.org>
Organization: PhD Student, Macquarie University
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Subject: [Asrg] 1c. Analysis of Spam - casual observations from my log files
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Folks,

Nothing Earth-shattering here, but I found it mildly interesting. I've noticed 
a number of failed attempts to spam me at my ASRG-specific address, and also 
my mail-ng-specific address. My current convention for specific addresses is 
famous-<specific-part>@nutters.org -- a common enough approach. (I don't much 
use the "base" address of "famous" anymore, since it has degenerated into a 
spam-trap over time.)

The first and foremost reason that these spam attempts have failed is because 
they fail to recognise the "dash" characters as part of the email address, 
and thus send to "asrg@..." rather than "famous-asrg@...". This also suggests 
that they were scraped out of an HTML page, either directly from the web, or 
in the cache of a compromised host. There's also a possibility that they were 
encountered in a plain message/rfc822 file on a compromised host. Available 
data relating to these incidents follows.

[Date: 2004-02-21 05:04:44 +0000; Peer: 218.54.209.137]
helo mail2.naool.com
mail from:<MRBATESALAN@netscape.net>
rcpt to:<asrg@nutters.org>
+
[Date: 2004-02-25 02:38:42 +0000;  Peer: 64.173.9.239]
helo adsl-64-173-9-239.dsl.sntc01.pacbell.net
mail from:<NHUWBLDNO@yahoo.com>
rcpt to:<asrg@nutters.org>
+
[Date: 2004-02-25 04:18:09 +0000; Peer: 83.154.201.104]
helo dyn-83-154-201-104.ppp.tiscali.fr
mail from:<BYCYACLXHV@hotmail.com>
rcpt to:<asrg@nutters.org>

The first instance originates in Korea and has no in-addr.arpa PTR record, but 
mail2.naool.com does resolve to the address in question, and that host is an 
MX for naool.com, so I conclude that it was an open relay. Note that the 
second and third instances are relatively close together (less than 2 hours 
difference) and originate from a PacBell DSL account and a French PPP account 
respectively: almost certainly zombies. The "helo" argument in both cases is 
consistent with the in-addr.arpa PTR records for the originating IP. The 
spamware tool is randomly forging return path addresses with a local part 
matching /[A-Z]{9,11}/ and well-known freemail domains.

I have two similar records of spam attempts to "ng@..." which are almost 
certainly mis-parsed from "famous-mail-ng@....". The only noteworthy 
difference is that the return path has a lower case local part, but is 
otherwise similar: a string of random letters at yahoo.com. Probably a 
different spammer, though.

I also have one curious mis-send to "3dtfbw@nutters.org", which is probably a 
mis-parse of a quoted-printable rendition of "=tfbw@..." (and I can only 
speculate where that may have been encountered). "tfbw@..." is another valid 
address for me.

I surmise that the current practice in address-scraping is to find things 
which match <local-part>@<domain>, where <domain> is a routable mail domain, 
and <local-part> matches /[[:alnum:]]+/. It seems probable that spamware 
authors will wise up to the use of "dash" in email addresses sooner or later, 
if it has good enough payoff. They may even wise up to the plethora of other 
legal but obscure local-part productions. For the moment, however, a simple 
non-alphanumeric character is enough to make an address harvest-proof -- or 
so it seems.

Regards,
TFBW


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On Wed, 25 Feb 2004 17:48, Brett Watson wrote:
> The first and foremost reason that these spam attempts have failed is
> because they fail to recognise the "dash" characters as part of the email
> address, and thus send to "asrg@..." rather than "famous-asrg@...". This

Of course, no sooner do I send the message, than I receive actual spam to my 
actual asrg address. Looks like it came through a cable modem account in 
Israel. Selected headers follow.

Return-Path: <doiqngxol@yahoo.com>
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Message-ID: <NMMKCQHRSTAMWELOSEIB@yahoo.com>
From: "Dixie Koch" <doiqngxol@yahoo.com>
To: famous-asrg@nutters.org
Subject: Buy watches lennox
Date: Tue, 24 Feb 2004 23:06:48 -0700

So, was this a more intelligent instance of web-scraping, or is our dear 
spammer obtaining addresses via direct subscription to the list?

Regards,
TFBW


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David Nicol wrote:
> Za'mbori, Zolta'n wrote:
> 
>> For example implementing more than one SMTP session verification 
>> method into an MX is lead to a problem: how to select the proper method?
> 
> I'm keeping a database of all senders and asking each and every one of 
> them how they wish to
> be identified.  But that's just me.

Yes, caching is better than reloading.

But why not the SMTP client announce the possibilities? For example: 
"mtamark info is avialable and the Trusted Forwarders Association 
registered us". Or: "Delete this and this part from our email addresses 
before you publish the email address or you query your white-list. VRFY 
callback is avialable. This is a ticket to do the callback".

I think opening the horizont for future steps may a good tactic in the 
spam-war. There are a mechanism for servers announcing SMTP extensions 
but there are no mechanism for clients to do some announcing.

Maybe i am too idealistic.

z2

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-------- Original Message --------
Subject: Updated agenda for MARID
Date: Wed, 25 Feb 2004 20:13:04 +0100
From: Patrik F=E4ltstr=F6m <paf@cisco.com>
To: agenda@ietf.org
CC: Ted Hardie <hardie@qualcomm.com>, smtp-verify@asrg.sp.am

[What has been updated is the list of I-D's so it matches what actually
has been sent to the I-D archive. Thanks to Yakov for keeping track of
the list of documents. /paf]

MTA Authorization Records in DNS (marid)

Thursday, March 4 at 0900-1130
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D

CHAIRS: Patrik Faltstrom <paf@cisco.com>
         Ted Hardie <hardie@qualcomm.com>

DESCRIPTION:

This meeting will review a set of related proposals for the DNS
publication
of data which authorizes SMTP senders within a specific domain.  The
proposals
to be discussed vary in the proposed resource record type, syntax, and
operation,
but all include DNS publication of data intended to allow validation of
IP
address, envelope, or originator header data for SMTP MTAs.

This BoF will be strictly limited to measures related to MTA
authentication; no
other anti-spam measures or topics will be considered.  The BoF will
explicitly
consider how DNS-based MTA authentication mechanisms would be
implemented and
deployed, and it will consider the impact on the overall DNS
infrastructure of
this deployment.

This meeting will discuss whether or not an IETF working group is
needed to
continue work on this topic.


AGENDA:

Agenda Bashing                           5
Problem Overview                        35

Taking draft-irtf-asrg-lmap-discussion-01.txt as a starting point, this
discussion
will focus on the problem these proposals attempt to solve,  the broad
outlines
of the solution space proposed, and the constraints implied by that
solution
space.

Current Proposals (1 hour together)
    MTAMARK - draft-stumpf-dns-mtamark-01.txt
    DRIP - draft-brand-drip-02.txt
    RMX - draft-danisch-dns-rr-smtp-03.txt
    DMP - draft-fecyk-dmp-01.txt
    SPF - draft-mengwong-spf-00.txt
    FSV - draft-levine-fsv-00.txt

Implications for the DNS                15

Based on the current proposals, the BoF will discuss how this approach
generally
and each proposal specifically interacts with the DNS.

Implications for SMTP                   15

Based on the current proposals, the BoF will discuss how this approach
generally
and each proposal specifically interacts with existing and proposed
mechanisms
for mail transfer.

Discussion of scope for IETF work       20


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We would like to encourage those of you who are publishing LMAP records 
and/or using LMAP proposals to collect testing data. This can be 
anything ranging from which proposal is faster or easier to deal with, 
or just straight statistics. Testing of these proposals can help the 
community figure out which things work and which do not, what breaks, 
and what needs further work.

Yakov

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The LMAP BoF (called MARID by the IETF) will take place this week on 
Thursday morning at 9 AM at the IETF's Seoul meeting. The current agenda 
is here:

http://www.ietf.org/ietf/04mar/marid.txt

The BoF is being multicasted, those who want to watch can find the 
instructions here:

http://www.ietf.org/meetings/multicast_59.html

Yakov

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Subject: [Asrg] 2a. BCP on dealing with hijacked machines
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The message below is from the SMTP-VERIFY subgroup. Would it would be 
useful to document this procedure? Can anyone provide data on 
effectiveness of this technique?

Yakov

-------- Original Message --------
Date: Sat, 28 Feb 2004 20:25:22 -0800 (PST)
From: William Leibzon <william@completewhois.com>
CC: smtp-verify@asrg.sp.am

On 29 Feb 2004, John Levine wrote:

> ISPs that care have been dealing with this all along.  You count the
> messages from each host, and if you see a big spike, you either
> suspend the account or confine the host to a web jail that tells them
> to disinfect their computer and call in to get out of jail after they
> do.  The jail's like the one you're in when you connect to a hotel
> network and haven't agreed to pay the ten bucks yet.  The mail spikes
> are not subtle.  Hosts that normally send five messages a day start
> sending blasts of thousands.  

The above "jail" system is not as widely used. More common is simply
redirection of port25 to main ISP mail server relay and calculating how
much traffic is coming from specific user/port.

> This is not a research topic, since ISPs
> do this in production now and the techniques are well known. 

That particular anti-spam technique is done in production does not mean
it  should not be an issue for ASRG. ASRG should still research how
effective  the technique both currently and towards the future and
compare it to any other proposals that are being made.

Additionally since this has not been documented by IETF it maybe good
idea to work towards BCP document for mail setup for ISPs that service
dial/dsl/cable customers. It does not mean that ISPs will necessarily
follow it, but it might still improve the situation with availability of
hijacked PCs.





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Subject: [Asrg] Sendmail CEO Backs Yahoo DK and MS CID
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<http://abcnews.go.com/sections/scitech/ZDM/sendmail_antispam_pcmag_040227.html>

Publication looks to be yesterday.

I guess this means that we either need to come up with something better 
really soon, or we're going to be getting Yahoo or MS "real soon now"TM

Philip Miller

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> <http://abcnews.go.com/sections/scitech/ZDM/sendmail_antispam_
> pcmag_040227.html>
> 
> Publication looks to be yesterday.
> 
> I guess this means that we either need to come up with 
> something better 
> really soon, or we're going to be getting Yahoo or MS "real 
> soon now"TM

I don't see why. If the problem is already solved there is no need to 
spend time working on it. If the problem is not solved or the solution 
is imperfect there will be need to improve.

Although CallerID and DK are presented as competitors they are actually
very different. DK does not define a policy component and so it is still
necessary to use CallerId or SPF to state that the sending policy of the 
domain is to sign emails. CallerID is an IP based authenticator and a
cryptographic authenticator would make a good compliment.

What is very clear is that the gate for entry of new proposals in the RMX
family is essentially closed as far as the market is concerned. That is
a good thing. 

	Phill


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Subject: RE: [Asrg] Sendmail CEO Backs Yahoo DK and MS CID
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At 9:51 PM -0800 2/28/04, Hallam-Baker, Phillip wrote:
>>  <http://abcnews.go.com/sections/scitech/ZDM/sendmail_antispam_
>>  pcmag_040227.html>
>>
>>  Publication looks to be yesterday.
>>
>>  I guess this means that we either need to come up with
>>  something better
>>  really soon, or we're going to be getting Yahoo or MS "real
>>  soon now"TM
>
>I don't see why. If the problem is already solved there is no need to
>spend time working on it. If the problem is not solved or the solution
>is imperfect there will be need to improve.

Any solution that is not in the public domain is a problem. If Joe 
User (including Joe Domain-Owner) cannot implement the 'solution' 
without *thinking* about the IP issues, there is no solution. Any 
patented 'solution' is intrinsically imperfect. I lean towards SPF 
only because no one seems to be trying to patent it...

>Although CallerID and DK are presented as competitors they are actually
>very different. DK does not define a policy component and so it is still
>necessary to use CallerId or SPF to state that the sending policy of the
>domain is to sign emails. CallerID is an IP based authenticator and a
>cryptographic authenticator would make a good compliment.
>
>What is very clear is that the gate for entry of new proposals in the RMX
>family is essentially closed as far as the market is concerned. That is
>a good thing.

Yes. SPF, DK, and CID do a decent job of filling the logical space.

(Note that I first publicly discussed something SPF-like in 2000 but 
have had almost no involvement in SPF itself. I'm actually less 
optimistic today about the 'RMX' class of approaches than I was in 
2000)

-- 
Bill Cole
bill@scconsult.com


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From: "Chris" <asrg@rebel.com.au>
To: "Brett Watson" <famous-asrg@nutters.org>, <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] Re: 1c. Analysis of Spam - casual observations from my log files
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I've been getting spam almost since I signed up

Annoying that an anti spam group could not have avoided this problem.

I assumed the email address was scraped from the archives


Chris


> -----Original Message-----
> From: asrg-admin@ietf.org [mailto:asrg-admin@ietf.org]On Behalf Of Brett
> Watson
> Sent: 25 February 2004 6:05 PM
> To: asrg@ietf.org
> Subject: [Asrg] Re: 1c. Analysis of Spam - casual observations from my
> log files
>
>
> On Wed, 25 Feb 2004 17:48, Brett Watson wrote:
> > The first and foremost reason that these spam attempts have failed is
> > because they fail to recognise the "dash" characters as part of
> the email
> > address, and thus send to "asrg@..." rather than "famous-asrg@...". This
>
> Of course, no sooner do I send the message, than I receive actual
> spam to my
> actual asrg address. Looks like it came through a cable modem account in
> Israel. Selected headers follow.
>
> Return-Path: <doiqngxol@yahoo.com>
> Received: from [80.230.181.208] (helo=cable-181-208.inter.net.il)
> 	by randall.nutters.org with smtp (Exim 3.35 #1 (Debian))
> 	id 1AvsBv-00014F-00
> 	for <famous-asrg@nutters.org>; Wed, 25 Feb 2004 06:06:44 +0000
> Message-ID: <NMMKCQHRSTAMWELOSEIB@yahoo.com>
> From: "Dixie Koch" <doiqngxol@yahoo.com>
> To: famous-asrg@nutters.org
> Subject: Buy watches lennox
> Date: Tue, 24 Feb 2004 23:06:48 -0700
>
> So, was this a more intelligent instance of web-scraping, or is our dear
> spammer obtaining addresses via direct subscription to the list?
>
> Regards,
> TFBW
>
>
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg


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From: "Larry Seltzer" <larry@larryseltzer.com>
To: "'ASRG'" <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] Sendmail CEO Backs Yahoo DK and MS CID
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My impression, from talking to Sendmail, is that they have focused their =
work on Caller
ID and Domain Keys because the SPF community has already written a =
Milter. It's
definitely not fair to say that they have endorsed one or others above =
the rest. I do
think we're almost at the point where this is for the market to =
determine, and standards
bodies will have to wait for the results.

Larry Seltzer
eWEEK.com Security Center Editor
http://security.eweek.com/
larryseltzer@ziffdavis.com=20



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From: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>
Organization: SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc.
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To: Chris <asrg@rebel.com.au>
CC: Brett Watson <famous-asrg@nutters.org>, asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: 1c. Analysis of Spam - casual observations from my
 log files
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Chris wrote:
> I've been getting spam almost since I signed up
> 
> Annoying that an anti spam group could not have avoided this problem.
> I assumed the email address was scraped from the archives

I have been talking to the IETF Secretariat about the need to 
reconfigure their archiver to hide email addresses, but so far no success.

Yakov

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 From the article:
> "Caller ID looks at the IP address of the sending mail servers, and 
> the sender's post in DNS what the legitimate IP addresses of the 
> sending servers are," says Sendmail's Anderson. "So the IP address of 
> sending machines would be listed in DNS. A receiving mail server can 
> go check DNS for the legitimate IP addresses that the mail should be 
> coming from, and can determine whether the mail has come from the 
> right domain."

   I assume this would refer to ISP's mail relays, not individual 
end-users of ISPs (of course, ISP mail-relays *should* already be 
either locked down to the IPs of their dial-in customers, or password 
autenticated).  Would this do anything about "spam worms" that are 
unwittingly opened by (authentic) users, and then are used as bots to 
send spam, like what (I think) happened at Indiana University the last 
couple weeks - they just updated the SMTP servers to require SSL 
authentication)

Jim Witte
jswitte@bloomington.in.us
Indiana University CS


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In message <404171E6.5000000@zemos.net>, Philip Miller 
<millenix@zemos.net> writes
><http://abcnews.go.com/sections/scitech/ZDM/sendmail_antispam_pcmag_0402
>27.html>
>
>Publication looks to be yesterday.
>
>I guess this means that we either need to come up with something better 
>really soon, or we're going to be getting Yahoo or MS "real soon now"TM
>
Whatever is implemented I hope it works... :-)

http://www.siliconvalley.com/mld/siliconvalley/8026783.htm

-- 
Craig Cockburn ("coburn"). SiliconGlen.com Ltd. http://SiliconGlen.com
Home to the first online guide to Scotland, founded 1994.
Scottish FAQ, wedding info, website design, stop spam and more!

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From: "Chris" <asrg@rebel.com.au>
To: "Philip Miller" <millenix@zemos.net>, "ASRG" <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] Sendmail CEO Backs Yahoo DK and MS CID
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The proposed methods I believe will tackle a percentage of the spam mail
problem

but it certainly won't eliminate it.

Spammers wont quit. it's not in their nature so we must look at ways they
will try to come up with to get around sender authentication.

obvious ones are...

Trojaned machines - by their nature authenticated
Uncloseted spammers - eg sheck-buy, authenticated cause they don't care
Third world spammers - sender authenticated but legally out of reach
Open Scripts - Authenticated by the insecure server (sendmail)

Any more to throw into the mix?

we should be putting methods into place before spammers can think of and
implement them.

In other words be proactive not reactive.

It is my firm belief that no single system will do the job, a toolkit is
required each tool tackling a different type of spam source.


Regards
Chris


> -----Original Message-----
> From: asrg-admin@ietf.org [mailto:asrg-admin@ietf.org]On Behalf Of
> Philip Miller
> Sent: Sunday, 29 February 2004 3:30 PM
> To: ASRG
> Subject: [Asrg] Sendmail CEO Backs Yahoo DK and MS CID
>
>
> <http://abcnews.go.com/sections/scitech/ZDM/sendmail_antispam_pcma
> g_040227.html>
>
> Publication looks to be yesterday.
>
> I guess this means that we either need to come up with something better
> really soon, or we're going to be getting Yahoo or MS "real soon now"TM
>
> Philip Miller
>
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg


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From: "Chris" <asrg@rebel.com.au>
To: "ASRG" <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] Sendmail CEO Backs Yahoo DK and MS CID
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The proposed methods I believe will tackle a percentage of the spam mail
problem

but it certainly won't eliminate it.

Spammers wont quit. it's not in their nature so we must look at ways they
will try to come up with to get around sender authentication.

obvious ones are...

Trojaned machines - by their nature authenticated
Uncloseted spammers - eg sheck-buy, authenticated cause they don't care
Third world spammers - sender authenticated but legally out of reach
Open Scripts - Authenticated by the insecure server (sendmail)

Any more to throw into the mix?

we should be putting methods into place before spammers can think of and
implement them.

In other words be proactive not reactive.

It is my firm belief that no single system will do the job, a toolkit is
required each tool tackling a different type of spam source.


Regards
Chris



> -----Original Message-----
> From: asrg-admin@ietf.org [mailto:asrg-admin@ietf.org]On Behalf Of
> Philip Miller
> Sent: Sunday, 29 February 2004 3:30 PM
> To: ASRG
> Subject: [Asrg] Sendmail CEO Backs Yahoo DK and MS CID
>
>
> <http://abcnews.go.com/sections/scitech/ZDM/sendmail_antispam_pcma
> g_040227.html>
>
> Publication looks to be yesterday.
>
> I guess this means that we either need to come up with something better
> really soon, or we're going to be getting Yahoo or MS "real soon now"TM
>
> Philip Miller
>
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg


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>>Trojaned machines - by their nature authenticated

No, not actually. The authentication process is SMTP server to server, so unless the
trojaned system has access to an open relay which is, nevertheless, properly accounted
for in the SPF/Caller ID DNS entries, the trojan will need to have proper SMTP AUTH
credentials to some server. They don't currently work this way, and it seems unlikely
that an administrator would leave relays open but implement domain-level SMTP
authentication.

>>Uncloseted spammers - eg sheck-buy, authenticated cause they don't care 
>>Third world spammers - sender authenticated but legally out of reach 

Yes, definitely, and this is why blacklists (or the new PC term "blocklists") are
important in an SMTP authenticated world. Unlike now, such lists could be accurate and
authoritative. It's possible that spammers could buy and use large numbers of throwaway
domains, but there would still be IP-based blacklisting and the fact that would have to
operate out in the open.

>>Open Scripts - Authenticated by the insecure server (sendmail)

See first answer

Larry Seltzer
eWEEK.com Security Center Editor
http://security.eweek.com/
larryseltzer@ziffdavis.com 



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