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From: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>
Organization: SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc.
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Subject: [Asrg] 2a. BCP - new BCP draft on SUBMIT
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New draft posted to the ID archive:

http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-hutzler-spamops-00.txt

Yakov

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From: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>
Organization: SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc.
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Subject: [Asrg] 0. General - Subgroups update
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There are currently two active subgroups in the ASRG: SMTP-VERIFY and 
FILTERING. The others have not yet gathered a critical mass of 
participants. Anyone who wants to join any subgroup should contact the 
ASRG chairs <chairs@asrg.sp.am>.

The SMTP Session Verification subgroup (SMTP-VERIFY) after the MARID BOF 
has been focusing on the issues of trust, reputation and accreditation 
with an eye towards possible models, protocols and formats for 
exchanging trust information between different parties. More information 
can be found at their webpage 
(http://asrg.sp.am/subgroups/smtp_verify.shtml).

LMAP discussions have been moved from the SMTP-VERIFY subgroup to the 
MARID list (http://www.imc.org/ietf-mxcomp/). The IETF folks have 
proposed that the the LMAP discussion document and associated proposals 
be published as RFCs, we are waiting for a formal IESG request on that.

The Filtering standards subgroup (FILTERING) has been discussing the 
issues of MTA/MUA communications among filters such as feedback from the 
MUA to train an MTA-based filter, and ability for an MTA-based filter to 
tell the MUA later that prior messages were spam. Currently discussion 
has focused on requirements for a standard filtering header. More 
information can be found on their webpage 
(http://asrg.sp.am/subgroups/filtering.shtml) and wiki 
(http://www.shaftek.org/wiki/wiki.pl?Filtering_Standards).

There are still a bunch of subgroups that are dormant and can use some 
participants. A list of them can be found at the ASRG homepage 
(http://asrg.sp.am/about/subgroups.shtml).

Sincerely,
Yakov Shafranovich
Co-Chair, ASRG

_______________________________________________
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https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg



From exim@www1.ietf.org  Sat Apr  3 21:04:43 2004
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Message-ID: <406F6B5E.4030608@solidmatrix.com>
From: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>
Organization: SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc.
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Subject: [Asrg] 3b. SMTP Session Verification - MARID WG officially approved by the
 IETF
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The IESG has approved the MARID charter and it is now officially an IETF 
WG. I want to express a word of thanks to all ASRG members who helped 
make this happen.

Copy of the announcement appears here:

http://www.imc.org/ietf-mxcomp/mail-archive/msg00709.html

Sincerely,
Yakov Shafranovich
Co-Chair, ASRG

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Subject: [Asrg] LMAP: RHSBLs better than what we have now?
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Date: Tue, 06 Apr 2004 00:24:26 -0700
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Today, the only thing in an email that's pretty much guaranteed not to 
be forged is the source IP.
If LMAP/MARID becomes widespread, domains (in HELO, 2821 FROM, 2822 
From:, etc.) will be like IPs:
They, together will be the only thing in an email that's pretty much 
guaranteed not to be forged.
So the next logical question is: are RHSBLs better than what I'll term 
"IPBLs" (AKA traditional RBLs/ DNSBLs, i.e. the ones listed at sites 
like openrbl.org and moensted.dk)?  Or have we just (to make a lame 
analogy) replaced a knife whose blade is sharp on the left with one 
that's sharp on the right, but we're fighting a tank.
Why or why not?

1)Which is easier to run?  use?
2)Which can provide greater opportunity to be more accurate? 
(Assuming spammers have already adapted to widespread RHSBL deployment 
and use.)

This topic is important for ietf-mxcomp, but not what the Charter says 
should be discussed there right now, so I'm posting to the main list.

We don't want to try everything and see what sticks; we want to develop 
a plan to achieve ultimate victory in the long term.  (Unless we are 
part of the industry and don't want the problem resolved once and for all!)

_______________________________________________
Asrg mailing list
Asrg@ietf.org
https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg



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From: "Joshua Leisk" <nospam@intechcomm.net.au>
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Subject: [Asrg] 'Registered Email' and 'Trust-E-mail' proposals for both spam and viruses
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In January, I came up with a technically feasible solution to spam and email
viruses, coined 'Registered-Email', the details of which, I have posted
here:
 
http://www.intechcomm.net.au <http://www.intechcomm.net.au/> 
 
As this requires a global change to the email system, it is fairly
ambitious, although technically sound.
 
Please read through the original post (at the address above) before reading
further.
 
Realising that any change to the existing email system, although sorely
needed, is going to be nearly impossible, I have devised a fairly workable
variation of the concept. 
 
This is an early draft, although I am hoping you will see merit in the ideas
behind the concept, rather than dismissing individual aspects. Having said
that, I would really welcome all comments, as this certainly will need
refining:
 
 
 
'Trust-E-mail' -  'Trust-Based Mail Server Ranking'
 
Introduction. 
 
The major hurdle faced by my 'Registered Email' concept is that it requires
active participation of the sender and effectively a global change to SMTP.
This variation of the 'registrar' component eliminates that problem.
 
Table of Contents
 
1.DNS Scan - The Innovation
2.Ranking System
3.Penalties
4.Database Usage
5.Procedures for New Mail Servers
6.Bonds
 
1. DNS Scan - The Innovation
 
This is performed to create an automated global white-list, for immediate
mail server trust ranking and immediate SMTP virus prevention for receiving
mail servers. This is done by creating an application that scans the DNS
Rootservers daily for:
            Domain Name
MX Records
Domain Creation Date
 
Using this information, a database is created, containing:
            Domain Name
MX Records
Domain Creation Date
Trust Level / Rank
Reset or 'Effective' Creation Date (for blacklist and spammers. For
permanent barring, this could be set 1000 years in advance and the Rank set
to "U" (see ranking system)
 
Trusted DNS blacklists, eg Spamhaus, should be applied against the resultant
initial database and the trust level / rank of blacklisted MX records should
be set to "U" (see ranking system).
 
2. Ranking system consists of:
            
"U" - Untrustworthy. 
Any domain that is less than 12 months old and has not applied for a "P"
provisional or "B" bonded ranking. New servers should follow the steps
detailed in section 5 if they don't want to be treated as untrustworthy by
receiving mail servers. 
"P" - Provisional.
Any domain that is more than 6 months old, but less than 12 months old, has
not been the subject of verified Spam complaints and has been sponsored /
vouched for by existing highly-ranked mail-servers (typically their ISP).
"B" - Bonded. 
Any domain that is less than 12 months old, but has paid a security bond
against spamming, does not relay mail from clients that are not using SASL /
TLS / SPA and blocks outgoing emails with dangerous attachments.
"N" - Neutral. 
Any domain that is more than 12 months old and has not been the subject of
verified Spam complaints.
"A" - Active.
Any domain that is more than 12 months old, has not been the subject of
verified Spam complaints and has been sponsored / vouched for by existing
highly-ranked mail-servers (typically ISPs).
"T" - Trusted. 
Any domain that is more than 12 months old, has paid a security bond against
spamming, has not been the subject of verified Spam complaints and does not
relay mail from clients that are not using SASL / TLS / SPA.
OR 
Any domain that is more than 36 months old, has not been the subject of
verified Spam complaints and does not relay mail from clients that are not
using SASL / TLS / SPA. 
"E" - Elite. 
Any domain that is more than 3 years old, has paid a security bond against
spamming and has not been the subject of verified Spam complaints and does
not relay mail from clients that are not using SASL / TLS / SPA.
 
3. Penalties:
 
Any mail server proven to send Spam will have its ranking lowered. 'Bonded'
mail servers could forfeit all or part of the bond supplied. Severe breaches
will result in a permanent "U" ranking being attributed.
 
4. Database Usage:
 
Receiving mail servers should perform a reverse DNS lookup and verify an
incoming mailserver is in the database. If not, the mail should be rejected,
as the sending mailserver is a virus. If used, the spoof-prevention
technique mentioned in my 'Registered-Email' concept notes will prevent mail
servers on private networks from being spoofed by viruses also residing on
the internal network. 
The mailserver can also choose to check the database and either reject,
stamp or filter mail from the various ranked mailservers. Messages received
from "U" should either be rejected with a non-delivery report sent stating
why it was rejected, OR heavily stripped, stamped as 'untrustworthy' and
cleaned. Messages received from "P" and "N" ranked mailservers should have
dangerous file attachments and dangerous HTML tags and all ActiveX controls
stripped. These messages should be filed separately from the remaining
ranks. Messages received from "A","B", "T" or "E" ranked mailservers are
trusted.
 
5. Procedures for New Mail Servers:
 
New mail servers register their MX details in the DNS as usual and then
choose to either:
a.	Forward all mail through their ISP, using SASL. Configure the mail
server for SASL clients only and block outgoing emails with dangerous
attachments. At 6 months, seek 'sponsorship' from another highly-ranked mail
server owner (typically your ISP) and apply for a "P" provisional ranking.
The mail server must also pass checks to verify SASL compliance and blocking
of outgoing emails with dangerous attachments. This is typically for a home
mail server or a small business.
 b. Apply for a "B" (Bonded) ranking.  This is predominantly for larger
businesses.
 
6. Bonds
 
To qualify for a "B" ranking, the mail server owner must supply enough
proof-of-ID, in person, to an authorised agent of the database owner. The
mail server must also pass checks to verify SASL compliance and blocking of
outgoing emails with dangerous attachments. 
 
After 12 months, the bond can be returned - to receive a "N" rating, or kept
to receive a "T" rating. Likewise, at 36 months the bond can be returned to
receive a "T" rating, or kept to receive an "E" rating.
 
Summary
 
This is an extremely easy-to-implement, automated 'whitelist' solution,
similar to my 'Registered Email' concept, that will prevent viruses and the
majority of Spam. Existing mailservers will already fall into the "U", "N",
"A" and "T" ranks. This requires no active participation of the sender or
end-recipient, although it will be rewarded, prevents SMTP virus replication
and allows for 'home' and 'hobby' email servers.
 
 
Thanks for your time. I welcome your comments and criticism.
 
Regards,
 
 
Joshua Leisk

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<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D3 face=3D"Times New Roman"><span =
lang=3DEN-AU
style=3D'font-size:12.0pt'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span lang=3DEN-AU =
style=3D'font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial'>In January, I came up with a technically =
feasible
solution to spam and email viruses, coined =
&#8216;Registered-Email&#8217;, the
details of which, I have posted here:<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span lang=3DEN-AU =
style=3D'font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span lang=3DEN-AU =
style=3D'font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial'><a =
href=3D"http://www.intechcomm.net.au/">http://www.intechcomm.net.au</a><o=
:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span lang=3DEN-AU =
style=3D'font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span lang=3DEN-AU =
style=3D'font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial'>As this requires a global change to the email =
system,
it is fairly ambitious, although technically =
sound.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span lang=3DEN-AU =
style=3D'font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span lang=3DEN-AU =
style=3D'font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial'>Please read through the original post (at the =
address
above) before reading further.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span lang=3DEN-AU =
style=3D'font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span lang=3DEN-AU =
style=3D'font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial'>Realising that any change to the existing =
email
system, although sorely needed, is going to be nearly impossible, I have
devised a fairly workable variation of the concept. =
<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span lang=3DEN-AU =
style=3D'font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span lang=3DEN-AU =
style=3D'font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial'>This is an early draft, although I am hoping =
you will
see merit in the ideas behind the concept, rather than dismissing =
individual
aspects. Having said that, I would really welcome all comments, as this
certainly will need refining:<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<div =
style=3D'mso-element:para-border-div;border:none;border-bottom:solid =
windowtext 1.0pt;
mso-border-bottom-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;padding:0cm 0cm 1.0pt 0cm'>

<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'border:none;mso-border-bottom-alt:solid =
windowtext .75pt;
padding:0cm;mso-padding-alt:0cm 0cm 1.0pt 0cm'><font size=3D2 =
face=3DArial><span
lang=3DEN-AU =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></fo=
nt></p>

</div>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span lang=3DEN-AU =
style=3D'font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span lang=3DEN-AU =
style=3D'font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial'><span =
style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>&nbsp;</span><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><b><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span lang=3DEN-US
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;font-=
weight:
bold'>&#8216;Trust-E-mail&#8217; -<span =
style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>&nbsp;
</span>&#8216;Trust-Based Mail Server =
Ranking&#8217;<o:p></o:p></span></font></b></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span lang=3DEN-US =
style=3D'font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></span=
></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><strong><b><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span =
lang=3DEN-US
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>Intr=
oduction.</span></font></b></strong><font
size=3D2 face=3DArial><span lang=3DEN-US =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;
mso-ansi-language:EN-US'> <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span lang=3DEN-US =
style=3D'font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></span=
></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span lang=3DEN-US =
style=3D'font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>The major hurdle faced =
by my
'Registered Email' concept is that it requires active participation of =
the
sender and effectively a&nbsp;global change to SMTP. This variation of =
the
'registrar' component eliminates that =
problem.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span lang=3DEN-US =
style=3D'font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></span=
></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><strong><b><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span =
lang=3DEN-US
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>Tabl=
e of
Contents</span></font><span =
lang=3DEN-AU><o:p></o:p></span></b></strong></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span lang=3DEN-US =
style=3D'font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>&nbsp;</span></font><sp=
an
lang=3DEN-AU><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span lang=3DEN-US =
style=3D'font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>1.DNS Scan - The =
Innovation</span></font><font
size=3D2 face=3DArial><span lang=3DEN-AU =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p=
>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span lang=3DEN-US =
style=3D'font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>2.Ranking =
System<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span lang=3DEN-US =
style=3D'font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>3.Penalties<o:p></o:p><=
/span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span lang=3DEN-US =
style=3D'font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>4.Database =
Usage</span></font><font
size=3D2 face=3DArial><span lang=3DEN-AU =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p=
>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span lang=3DEN-US =
style=3D'font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>5.Procedures for New =
Mail
Servers<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span lang=3DEN-US =
style=3D'font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>6.Bonds<o:p></o:p></spa=
n></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span lang=3DEN-US =
style=3D'font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></span=
></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><b><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span lang=3DEN-US
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;font-=
weight:
bold'>1. DNS Scan - The Innovation</span></font></b><font size=3D2 =
face=3DArial><span
lang=3DEN-AU =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p=
>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span lang=3DEN-US =
style=3D'font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></span=
></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span lang=3DEN-US =
style=3D'font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>This is performed to =
create
an automated global white-list, for immediate mail server trust ranking =
and
immediate SMTP virus prevention for receiving mail servers. This is done =
by
creating an application that scans the DNS Rootservers daily =
for:<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span lang=3DEN-US =
style=3D'font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;mso-ansi-language:EN-US'><span =
style=3D'mso-tab-count:
1'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
</span>Domain
Name<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'text-indent:36.0pt'><font size=3D2 =
face=3DArial><span
lang=3DEN-US =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>MX
Records<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'text-indent:36.0pt'><font size=3D2 =
face=3DArial><span
lang=3DEN-US =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>Doma=
in
Creation Date<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span lang=3DEN-US =
style=3D'font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></span=
></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span lang=3DEN-US =
style=3D'font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>Using this =
information, a
database is created,&nbsp;containing:<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span lang=3DEN-US =
style=3D'font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;mso-ansi-language:EN-US'><span =
style=3D'mso-tab-count:
1'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
</span>Domain
Name<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'margin-left:36.0pt'><font size=3D2 =
face=3DArial><span
lang=3DEN-US =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>MX
Records<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'text-indent:36.0pt'><font size=3D2 =
face=3DArial><span
lang=3DEN-US =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>Doma=
in
Creation Date<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'text-indent:36.0pt'><font size=3D2 =
face=3DArial><span
lang=3DEN-US =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>Trus=
t
Level / Rank<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'text-indent:36.0pt'><font size=3D2 =
face=3DArial><span
lang=3DEN-US =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>Rese=
t
or 'Effective' Creation Date (for blacklist and spammers. For permanent
barring, this could be set 1000 years in advance and the Rank set to
&quot;U&quot; (see ranking system)<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span lang=3DEN-US =
style=3D'font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></span=
></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span lang=3DEN-US =
style=3D'font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>Trusted DNS =
blacklists,
eg&nbsp;Spamhaus,&nbsp;should be applied against the resultant initial =
database
and the trust level / rank of blacklisted MX records should be set to
&quot;U&quot; (see ranking system).<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span lang=3DEN-US =
style=3D'font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></span=
></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><b><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span lang=3DEN-US
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;font-=
weight:
bold'>2. Ranking system consists of:<o:p></o:p></span></font></b></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span lang=3DEN-US =
style=3D'font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;mso-ansi-language:EN-US'><span =
style=3D'mso-tab-count:
1'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
</span><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span lang=3DEN-US =
style=3D'font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>&quot;U&quot; -
Untrustworthy. <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'margin-left:36.0pt'><font size=3D2 =
face=3DArial><span
lang=3DEN-US =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>Any
domain that is less than 12 months old and has not applied for a =
&quot;P&quot;
provisional or &quot;B&quot; bonded ranking. New servers should follow =
the
steps detailed in section 5 if they don't want to be treated as =
untrustworthy
by receiving mail servers. <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span lang=3DEN-US =
style=3D'font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>&quot;P&quot; - =
Provisional.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'margin-left:36.0pt'><font size=3D2 =
face=3DArial><span
lang=3DEN-US =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>Any
domain that is more than 6 months old, but less than 12 months old, has =
not
been the subject of verified Spam complaints and has been sponsored / =
vouched
for by existing highly-ranked mail-servers (typically their =
ISP).<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span lang=3DEN-US =
style=3D'font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>&quot;B&quot; - =
Bonded. <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'margin-left:36.0pt'><font size=3D2 =
face=3DArial><span
lang=3DEN-US =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>Any
domain that is less than 12 months old, but has paid a security bond =
against
spamming, does not relay mail from clients that are not using SASL / TLS =
/ SPA
and blocks outgoing emails with dangerous =
attachments.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span lang=3DEN-US =
style=3D'font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>&quot;N&quot; - =
Neutral. <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'margin-left:36.0pt'><font size=3D2 =
face=3DArial><span
lang=3DEN-US =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>Any
domain that is more than 12 months old and has not been the subject of =
verified
Spam complaints.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span lang=3DEN-US =
style=3D'font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>&quot;A&quot; - =
Active.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'margin-left:36.0pt'><font size=3D2 =
face=3DArial><span
lang=3DEN-US =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>Any
domain that is more than 12 months old, has not been the subject of =
verified
Spam complaints and has been sponsored / vouched for by existing =
highly-ranked
mail-servers (typically ISPs).<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span lang=3DEN-US =
style=3D'font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>&quot;T&quot; - =
Trusted. <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'margin-left:36.0pt'><font size=3D2 =
face=3DArial><span
lang=3DEN-US =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>Any
domain that is more than 12 months old, has paid a security bond against
spamming, has not been the subject of verified Spam complaints and does =
not
relay mail from clients that are not using SASL / TLS / =
SPA.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'text-indent:36.0pt'><font size=3D2 =
face=3DArial><span
lang=3DEN-US =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>OR
<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'margin-left:36.0pt'><font size=3D2 =
face=3DArial><span
lang=3DEN-US =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>Any
domain that is more than 36 months old, has not been the subject of =
verified
Spam complaints and does not relay mail from clients that are not using =
SASL /
TLS / SPA. <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span lang=3DEN-US =
style=3D'font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>&quot;E&quot; - Elite. =
<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'margin-left:36.0pt'><font size=3D2 =
face=3DArial><span
lang=3DEN-US =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>Any
domain that is more than 3 years old, has paid a security bond against =
spamming
and has not been the subject of verified Spam complaints and does not =
relay
mail from clients that are not using SASL / TLS / =
SPA.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'margin-left:36.0pt'><font size=3D2 =
face=3DArial><span
lang=3DEN-US =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>&nbs=
p;<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><b><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span lang=3DEN-US
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;font-=
weight:
bold'>3. Penalties:<o:p></o:p></span></font></b></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span lang=3DEN-US =
style=3D'font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></span=
></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span lang=3DEN-US =
style=3D'font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>Any mail server proven =
to
send Spam will have its ranking lowered. 'Bonded' mail servers could =
forfeit all
or part of the bond supplied. Severe breaches will result in a permanent
&quot;U&quot; ranking being attributed.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span lang=3DEN-US =
style=3D'font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></span=
></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><b><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span lang=3DEN-US
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;font-=
weight:
bold'>4. Database Usage:<o:p></o:p></span></font></b></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span lang=3DEN-US =
style=3D'font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></span=
></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span lang=3DEN-US =
style=3D'font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>Receiving mail servers =
should
perform a reverse DNS lookup and verify an incoming mailserver is in the
database. If not, the mail should be rejected, as the sending mailserver =
is a
virus. If used, the spoof-prevention technique mentioned in my
&#8216;Registered-Email&#8217; concept notes will prevent mail servers =
on
private networks from being spoofed by viruses also residing on the =
internal
network. <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span lang=3DEN-US =
style=3D'font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>The mailserver can =
also
choose to check the database and either reject, stamp or filter mail =
from the
various ranked mailservers. Messages received from &quot;U&quot; should =
either
be rejected with a non-delivery report sent stating why it was rejected, =
OR
heavily stripped, stamped as 'untrustworthy' and cleaned. Messages =
received
from &quot;P&quot; and &quot;N&quot; ranked mailservers should have =
dangerous
file attachments and dangerous HTML tags and all ActiveX
controls&nbsp;stripped. These messages should be filed separately from =
the
remaining ranks.&nbsp;Messages received from =
&quot;A&quot;,&quot;B&quot;,
&quot;T&quot; or &quot;E&quot; ranked mailservers are =
trusted.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><b><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span lang=3DEN-US
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;font-=
weight:
bold'>&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></span></font></b></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><b><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span lang=3DEN-US
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;font-=
weight:
bold'>5. Procedures for New Mail Servers:</span></font></b><font =
size=3D2
face=3DArial><span lang=3DEN-US =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;
mso-ansi-language:EN-US'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span lang=3DEN-US =
style=3D'font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></span=
></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span lang=3DEN-US =
style=3D'font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>New mail servers =
register
their MX details in the DNS as usual and then choose to =
either:<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<ol style=3D'margin-top:0cm' start=3D1 type=3Da>
 <li class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'mso-list:l1 level1 lfo3;tab-stops:list =
36.0pt'><font
     size=3D2 face=3DArial><span lang=3DEN-US =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:
     Arial;mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>Forward all mail through their ISP, =
using
     SASL. Configure the mail server for SASL clients only and block =
outgoing
     emails with dangerous attachments. At 6 months, seek 'sponsorship' =
from
     another highly-ranked mail server owner (typically your ISP) and =
apply for
     a &quot;P&quot; provisional ranking. The mail server must also pass =
checks
     to verify SASL compliance and blocking of outgoing emails with =
dangerous
     attachments. This is typically for a home mail server or a small =
business.<o:p></o:p></span></font></li>
</ol>

<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'margin-left:18.0pt'><font size=3D2 =
face=3DArial><span
lang=3DEN-US =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>&nbs=
p;b.
Apply for a &quot;B&quot; (Bonded) ranking.<span
style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>&nbsp; </span>This is predominantly for =
larger
businesses.</span></font><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span lang=3DEN-AU
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p=
>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span lang=3DEN-US =
style=3D'font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></span=
></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><b><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span lang=3DEN-US
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;font-=
weight:
bold'>6. Bonds<o:p></o:p></span></font></b></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span lang=3DEN-US =
style=3D'font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></span=
></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span lang=3DEN-US =
style=3D'font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>To qualify for a
&quot;B&quot; ranking, the mail server owner must supply enough =
proof-of-ID, in
person, to an authorised agent of the database owner. The mail server =
must also
pass checks to verify SASL compliance and blocking of outgoing emails =
with
dangerous attachments. <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'margin-left:18.0pt'><font size=3D2 =
face=3DArial><span
lang=3DEN-US =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>&nbs=
p;<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span lang=3DEN-US =
style=3D'font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>After 12 months, the =
bond can
be returned - to receive a &quot;N&quot; rating, or kept to receive a
&quot;T&quot; rating. Likewise, at 36 months the bond can be returned to
receive a &quot;T&quot; rating, or kept to receive an &quot;E&quot; =
rating.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><b><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span lang=3DEN-US
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;font-=
weight:
bold'>&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></span></font></b></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><b><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span lang=3DEN-US
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;font-=
weight:
bold'>Summary</span></font></b><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span =
lang=3DEN-US
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;mso-ansi-language:EN-US'><o:p=
></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span lang=3DEN-US =
style=3D'font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></span=
></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span lang=3DEN-US =
style=3D'font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:EN-=
US'>This
is an extremely easy-to-implement, automated 'whitelist' solution, =
similar to
my 'Registered Email' concept,&nbsp;that will prevent viruses and the =
majority
of&nbsp;Spam. Existing mailservers will already fall into the =
&quot;U&quot;,
&quot;N&quot;, &quot;A&quot; and &quot;T&quot; ranks. This requires no =
active
participation of the sender or end-recipient, although it will be =
rewarded,
prevents SMTP virus replication and allows for 'home' and =
'hobby'&nbsp;email
servers.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<div =
style=3D'mso-element:para-border-div;border:none;border-bottom:solid =
windowtext 1.0pt;
mso-border-bottom-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;padding:0cm 0cm 1.0pt 0cm'>

<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'border:none;mso-border-bottom-alt:solid =
windowtext .75pt;
padding:0cm;mso-padding-alt:0cm 0cm 1.0pt 0cm'><font size=3D2 =
face=3DArial><span
lang=3DEN-US =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;
mso-fareast-language:EN-US'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></font></p>

</div>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span lang=3DEN-AU =
style=3D'font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span lang=3DEN-AU =
style=3D'font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial'>Thanks for your time. I welcome your comments =
and
criticism.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span lang=3DEN-AU =
style=3D'font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span lang=3DEN-AU =
style=3D'font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial'>Regards,<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span lang=3DEN-AU =
style=3D'font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span lang=3DEN-AU =
style=3D'font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span lang=3DEN-AU =
style=3D'font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial'>Joshua Leisk<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

</div>

</body>

</html>

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Subject: Re: [Asrg] LMAP: RHSBLs better than what we have now?
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> Today, the only thing in an email that's pretty much guaranteed not to 
be forged is the source IP.  If LMAP/MARID becomes widespread, domains (in HELO, 
2821 FROM, 2822  From:, etc.) will be like IPs: They, together will be the only 
thing in an email that's pretty much guaranteed not to be forged.

I know that there is still all kinds of concern about trying to identify the 
sender of spam, with all kinds of convoluted approaches to trying to solve that 
problem, but ultimately that just IS NOT going to solve the real problem.

What you're going to find, upon tracking back, is often going to be a proxy 
spambot that's been infected by a worm... with a clueless (or not) person 
operating it, and probably unaware that they're pumping spam out to the Net.  So 
what do you do then, punish a fellow victim?

What I think makes more sense is to instead "follow the money"... to locate the 
actual seller of the drugs, or the mortgage spammer, or whatever... and go after 
the Web hosting they're using, for example.  

Towards that end, it needs to be a lot easier to find out who the ACTUAL Web 
host is of the site the spam is promoting... not just the link to the (say) 
Geocities site which only just forwards to another rogue site elsewhere.

If we're ever going to REALLY get a handle on this problem, I still believe that 
what matters more is:

  1)  putting the quash on unexpected attachments (especially if they are 
executables);  it's much harder to infect a machine with a worm or virus if the 
only kinds of attachments that the recipient has authorized are JPG, GIF, and 
TXT types.  :-)

  2)  likewise, making support for HTML-burdened E-mail (which can contain all 
kinds of malicious scripting, text-as-image, Web bugs, obscured URLs, ActiveX 
malware, spoofed links, and all the other nasty tricks that spammers use to 
deceive the targets of their spam) much less of a given.

I believe that the most significant way to hugely improve both of these 
situations is the ability of the recipient to whitelist individual specific 
senders with SPECIFIC rights to:

  a)  send them attachments (and subapprove based on the class of the 
attachments)

  b)  send them HTML (and POSSIBLY subapprove based on categories of HTML tags 
allowed).

The default without being whitelisted would be to only accept plain ASCII text, 
no attachments, no HTML.

That means that plain ASCII text E-mail would be the only practical way to 
initially establish a communication with someone for the first time.  After you 
had established a relationship with that person, you could then negotiate with 
them for the right to send them attachments, HTML-burdened mail, or whatever AT 
THE OPTION OF THE RECIPIENT.

This solves the problem of (say) a Customer Service Department of (say) a 
consumer products company, who will need to receive unsolicited E-mails from 
maybe millions of individuals.

It means that unsophisticated users MIGHT set up their systems so that Aunt 
Gertrude can send them JPGs of her poodle Fifi.  They are unlikely to EVER 
(especially with a suitably dire-sounding dialog box warning them about enabling 
the capability) whitelist anybody to send them (say) PIF files...!  The result 
anyhow will be that "almost nobody" will be authorized to send executable 
attachments, and few will be authorized to send HTML-burdened E-mail.

Spammers as a result will resort to sending plain ASCII E-mails, but at least 
content-based filters don't have TOO hard a time dealing with those... the 
biggest problems for such filters are all the HTML-based tricks that spammers so 
love to use.

Again, my solution doesn't require rethinking the whole world's Internet, POP3 
or SMTP infrastructure.  It doesn't eliminate viruses and worms 100%, but it 
will take a damned large hunk out of their collective hides, and do so faster 
and at a far lower cost (both money and inconvenience) than anything else I've 
seen tossed around.

Most of this other stuff, SPF, or Microsoft's proposed "solution" for the 
problem, are going to change all kinds of stuff and break a lot of existing 
applications and systems, which ALMOST might be worth it IF they actually solved 
the problem.

BUT THEY WON'T.

(As for tracking IP addresses, presumably to allow blacklisting. note the recent 
story of one of the Nigerian spammers who was actually arrested because he was 
stupid enough to reuse a familiar haunt... and was hooked up in a NAT 
configuration from a local Internet cafe that offered a wireless connection.  
Now yes, it IS true that in that case they caught him due to finding his IP 
address, but there are enough wireless hot spots around that a clever and highly 
mobile spammer could play cat-and-mouse for a long time before being caught.  
Ultimately, what will do a lot more to quash both spam and worms/viruses, *I* 
think, would be if the sender realized that it was nearly impossible to get them 
through to anybody at the other end.)

> We don't want to try everything and see what sticks; we want to develop 
a plan to achieve ultimate victory in the long term.  (Unless we are 
part of the industry and don't want the problem resolved once and for all!)

The nice thing about my approach is that there is almost no downside, and it can 
be implemented QUICKLY and with an immediate payback for each person doing so.  
The payback doesn't wait until "everyone goes along".  What's more, it doesn't 
in any way PRECLUDE any of these more intrusive solutions should someone come up 
with a "good" one some day.

Gordon Peterson                  http://personal.terabites.com/
1977-2002  Twenty-fifth anniversary year of Local Area Networking!
Support free and fair US elections!  http://stickers.defend-democracy.org
12/19/98: Partisan Republicans scornfully ignore the voters they "represent".
12/09/00: the date the Republican Party took down democracy in America.



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Subject: Re: [Asrg] 'Registered Email' and 'Trust-E-mail' proposals for both spam and viruses
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> In January, I came up with a technically feasible solution to spam
> and email viruses, [...]

This looks to me like another FUSSP.

Most briefly, it has severe scaling problems; if the stuff described is
done per recipient site, it has catastrophic scaling problems, whereas
if it's done through a central registry, it has central point of
failure/trust/pressure problems.  It also appears to have been designed
by someone who understands neither email (for example, the confusing
between MX hosts and outgoing mailservers, and the peculiar notion that
all domains that send mail appear directly in something like a root
server) nor the DNS (thinking the root servers hold MX records,
thinking that the DNS anywhere holds creation dates).

In more detail....

> This is performed to create an automated global white-list, for
> immediate mail server trust ranking and immediate SMTP virus
> prevention for receiving mail servers.  This is done by creating an
> application that scans the DNS Rootservers daily for:

(a) Instant scaling problems.  Every email site downloading the entire
root zones daily?  Or if a centralized site, why should everyone trust
it, what will be done to protect it against technological and legal
attacks?

(b) You're assuming the DNS root servers are the appropriate place to
check.  This is true for approximately no domains.  Even the
gtld-servers.net machines are good only for .com/.net/.org, and only
for second-level domains there.

> 		Domain Name
> 		MX Records
> 		Domain Creation Date

The DNS does not contain domain creation dates.

The root servers do not have MX records for any significant number of
domains.  You have to ask the domains' servers themselves for that.

This also assumes all email domains will be @ domains that appear
directly in the roots.  This is false (eg, my own mailhost,
sparkle.rodents.montreal.qc.ca - only .ca appears in the roots; even if
you go to the .ca roots, only rodents.montreal.qc.ca appears there).

I also have trouble imagining why a receiving system cares about anyone
else's MX records.  Are you perhaps falling into the trap of thinking
that MX records have anything to do with outgoing mail?

> Using this information, a database is created, containing:
>		Domain Name
> 		MX Records
> 		Domain Creation Date
> 		Trust Level / Rank
> 		[...]

More scaling problems.  Every email site is going to recreate this
ginormous database daily?  Where will they store it?

> Trusted DNS blacklists, eg Spamhaus, should be applied against the
> resultant initial database

Most DNS blacklists do not list domain names (which are all you have at
this point, since you haven't described anything that involves any
addresses), only addresses.

More scaling problems - you're having every email site doing some huge
number of queries (on the order of the number of domains) to at least a
few DNSLs.  Daily.  If even a small fraction of the mailservers on the
net were to do this, it would amount to a DDoS on the DNSLs.

> "U" - Untrustworthy. 
> Any domain that is less than 12 months old and has not applied for

So domains must exist for a year before anyone will let them send mail,
unless they specifically negotiate an agreement of some kind with the
recipient?

This might help for a year; all it would do after that is mean that
spammers need a lag time of a year between registering domains and
using them.  It would raise their costs slightly, but that's about it.

On the other hand, it will severely cripple net.newcomers.  Looks to me
as though it causes trouble for the wrong people.

> Any domain that [...] does not relay mail from clients that are not
> using SASL / TLS / SPA and blocks outgoing emails with dangerous
> attachments.

Dangerous in whose opinion?  How can you prove whether a mailserver
(it's mailservers that relay mail, not domains) insists on
sasl/tls/etc?  (Don't forget, spamhauser _will_ lie about what their
outgoing mailservers do if they think it will help them.)

> Any domain that is less than 12 months old, but has paid a security
> bond against spamming,

Paid to whom?  If this isn't per-recipient, why should anyone trust
this entity?  Especially those in other countries than it?

> 3. Penalties:

> Any mail server proven to send Spam will have its ranking lowered.

Proven to whose satisfaction?

> 'Bonded' mail servers could forfeit all or part of the bond supplied.

Forfeit to whom?

This system sounds as though it's either got a single central point of
trust/failure, or it's nothing but a rather elaborate and
resource-hungry form of individual whitelisting.

> Severe breaches will result in a permanent "U" ranking being
> attributed.

Until the lawyers attack it.  (If your system becomes successful enough
to matter, this _will_ happen.)

> This is an extremely easy-to-implement, automated 'whitelist'
> solution,

Doesn't sound easy to implement to me.  You need some big legal
defenses (or you will if it becomes at all effective), you need someone
trusted enough to handle the bonds, you need to somehow get permission
to DDoS the root nameservers plus whatever other servers you need to
hit up to find the information you (think you) need, and above all you
need buy-in from both senders and receivers.

> This requires no active participation of the sender or end-recipient,

Sounds to me as though it does; the sender has to apply for something
or post a bond of some sort or some such, and the recipient has to
check all this goop.

> [...], and allows for 'home' and 'hobby' email servers.

How?  A number (such as me) will refuse outright on principle.  Most of
the others, any bond they can afford would be so small as to be
ignorable as a cost-of-doing-business to a spamhaus of any size.

Or are they supposed to just suffer for the first year, until they've
been around long enough to be mistaken for spammer^W^W^Wallowed to send
mail?

/~\ The ASCII				der Mouse
\ / Ribbon Campaign
 X  Against HTML	       mouse@rodents.montreal.qc.ca
/ \ Email!	     7D C8 61 52 5D E7 2D 39  4E F1 31 3E E8 B3 27 4B

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From: "Joshua Leisk" <josh@intechcomm.net.au>
To: <asrg@ietf.org>
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Subject: [Asrg] 'Registered Email' and 'Trust-E-mail' proposals for both spam and viruses
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In January, I came up with a technically feasible solution to spam and email
viruses, coined 'Registered-Email', the details of which, I have posted
here:
 
http://www.intechcomm.net.au <http://www.intechcomm.net.au/> 
 
As this requires a global change to the email system, it is fairly
ambitious, although technically sound.
 
Please read through the original post (at the address above) before reading
further.
 
Realising that any change to the existing email system, although sorely
needed, is going to be nearly impossible, I have devised a fairly workable
variation of the concept. 
 
This is an early draft, although I am hoping you will see merit in the ideas
behind the concept, rather than dismissing individual aspects. Having said
that, I would really welcome all comments, as this certainly will need
refining:
 
 
 
'Trust-E-mail' -  'Trust-Based Mail Server Ranking'
 
Introduction. 
 
The major hurdle faced by my 'Registered Email' concept is that it requires
active participation of the sender and effectively a global change to SMTP.
This variation of the 'registrar' component eliminates that problem.
 
Table of Contents
 
1.DNS Scan - The Innovation
2.Ranking System
3.Penalties
4.Database Usage
5.Procedures for New Mail Servers
6.Bonds
 
1. DNS Scan - The Innovation
 
This is performed to create an automated global white-list, for immediate
mail server trust ranking and immediate SMTP virus prevention for receiving
mail servers. This is done by creating an application that scans the DNS
Rootservers daily for:
            Domain Name
MX Records
Domain Creation Date
 
Using this information, a database is created, containing:
            Domain Name
MX Records
Domain Creation Date
Trust Level / Rank
Reset or 'Effective' Creation Date (for blacklist and spammers. For
permanent barring, this could be set 1000 years in advance and the Rank set
to "U" (see ranking system)
 
Trusted DNS blacklists, eg Spamhaus, should be applied against the resultant
initial database and the trust level / rank of blacklisted MX records should
be set to "U" (see ranking system).
 
2. Ranking system consists of:
            
"U" - Untrustworthy. 
Any domain that is less than 12 months old and has not applied for a "P"
provisional or "B" bonded ranking. New servers should follow the steps
detailed in section 5 if they don't want to be treated as untrustworthy by
receiving mail servers. 
"P" - Provisional.
Any domain that is more than 6 months old, but less than 12 months old, has
not been the subject of verified Spam complaints and has been sponsored /
vouched for by existing highly-ranked mail-servers (typically their ISP).
"B" - Bonded. 
Any domain that is less than 12 months old, but has paid a security bond
against spamming, does not relay mail from clients that are not using SASL /
TLS / SPA and blocks outgoing emails with dangerous attachments.
"N" - Neutral. 
Any domain that is more than 12 months old and has not been the subject of
verified Spam complaints.
"A" - Active.
Any domain that is more than 12 months old, has not been the subject of
verified Spam complaints and has been sponsored / vouched for by existing
highly-ranked mail-servers (typically ISPs).
"T" - Trusted. 
Any domain that is more than 12 months old, has paid a security bond against
spamming, has not been the subject of verified Spam complaints and does not
relay mail from clients that are not using SASL / TLS / SPA.
OR 
Any domain that is more than 36 months old, has not been the subject of
verified Spam complaints and does not relay mail from clients that are not
using SASL / TLS / SPA. 
"E" - Elite. 
Any domain that is more than 3 years old, has paid a security bond against
spamming and has not been the subject of verified Spam complaints and does
not relay mail from clients that are not using SASL / TLS / SPA.
 
3. Penalties:
 
Any mail server proven to send Spam will have its ranking lowered. 'Bonded'
mail servers could forfeit all or part of the bond supplied. Severe breaches
will result in a permanent "U" ranking being attributed.
 
4. Database Usage:
 
Receiving mail servers should perform a reverse DNS lookup and verify an
incoming mailserver is in the database. If not, the mail should be rejected,
as the sending mailserver is a virus. If used, the spoof-prevention
technique mentioned in my 'Registered-Email' concept notes will prevent mail
servers on private networks from being spoofed by viruses also residing on
the internal network. 
The mailserver can also choose to check the database and either reject,
stamp or filter mail from the various ranked mailservers. Messages received
from "U" should either be rejected with a non-delivery report sent stating
why it was rejected, OR heavily stripped, stamped as 'untrustworthy' and
cleaned. Messages received from "P" and "N" ranked mailservers should have
dangerous file attachments and dangerous HTML tags and all ActiveX controls
stripped. These messages should be filed separately from the remaining
ranks. Messages received from "A","B", "T" or "E" ranked mailservers are
trusted.
 
5. Procedures for New Mail Servers:
 
New mail servers register their MX details in the DNS as usual and then
choose to either:
a.	Forward all mail through their ISP, using SASL. Configure the mail
server for SASL clients only and block outgoing emails with dangerous
attachments. At 6 months, seek 'sponsorship' from another highly-ranked mail
server owner (typically your ISP) and apply for a "P" provisional ranking.
The mail server must also pass checks to verify SASL compliance and blocking
of outgoing emails with dangerous attachments. This is typically for a home
mail server or a small business.
 b. Apply for a "B" (Bonded) ranking.  This is predominantly for larger
businesses.
 
6. Bonds
 
To qualify for a "B" ranking, the mail server owner must supply enough
proof-of-ID, in person, to an authorised agent of the database owner. The
mail server must also pass checks to verify SASL compliance and blocking of
outgoing emails with dangerous attachments. 
 
After 12 months, the bond can be returned - to receive a "N" rating, or kept
to receive a "T" rating. Likewise, at 36 months the bond can be returned to
receive a "T" rating, or kept to receive an "E" rating.
 
Summary
 
This is an extremely easy-to-implement, automated 'whitelist' solution,
similar to my 'Registered Email' concept, that will prevent viruses and the
majority of Spam. Existing mailservers will already fall into the "U", "N",
"A" and "T" ranks. This requires no active participation of the sender or
end-recipient, although it will be rewarded, prevents SMTP virus replication
and allows for 'home' and 'hobby' email servers.
 
 
Thanks for your time. I welcome your comments and criticism.
 
Regards,
 
 
Joshua Leisk

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</head>

<body lang=3DHU link=3Dblue vlink=3Dpurple =
style=3D'tab-interval:35.4pt'>

<div class=3DSection1>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span lang=3DEN-AU =
style=3D'font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial'>In January, I came up with a technically =
feasible
solution to spam and email viruses, coined =
&#8216;Registered-Email&#8217;, the
details of which, I have posted here:<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span lang=3DEN-AU =
style=3D'font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span lang=3DEN-AU =
style=3D'font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial'><a =
href=3D"http://www.intechcomm.net.au/">http://www.intechcomm.net.au</a><o=
:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span lang=3DEN-AU =
style=3D'font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span lang=3DEN-AU =
style=3D'font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial'>As this requires a global change to the email =
system,
it is fairly ambitious, although technically =
sound.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span lang=3DEN-AU =
style=3D'font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span lang=3DEN-AU =
style=3D'font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial'>Please read through the original post (at the =
address
above) before reading further.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span lang=3DEN-AU =
style=3D'font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span lang=3DEN-AU =
style=3D'font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial'>Realising that any change to the existing =
email
system, although sorely needed, is going to be nearly impossible, I have
devised a fairly workable variation of the concept. =
<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span lang=3DEN-AU =
style=3D'font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span lang=3DEN-AU =
style=3D'font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial'>This is an early draft, although I am hoping =
you will
see merit in the ideas behind the concept, rather than dismissing =
individual
aspects. Having said that, I would really welcome all comments, as this
certainly will need refining:<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<div =
style=3D'mso-element:para-border-div;border:none;border-bottom:solid =
windowtext 1.0pt;
mso-border-bottom-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;padding:0cm 0cm 1.0pt 0cm'>

<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'border:none;mso-border-bottom-alt:solid =
windowtext .75pt;
padding:0cm;mso-padding-alt:0cm 0cm 1.0pt 0cm'><font size=3D2 =
face=3DArial><span
lang=3DEN-AU =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></fo=
nt></p>

</div>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span lang=3DEN-AU =
style=3D'font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span lang=3DEN-AU =
style=3D'font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial'><span =
style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>&nbsp;</span><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><b><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span lang=3DEN-US
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;font-=
weight:
bold'>&#8216;Trust-E-mail&#8217; <span class=3DGramE>- <span
style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>&nbsp;</span>&#8216;Trust</span>-Based Mail =
Server
Ranking&#8217;<o:p></o:p></span></font></b></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span lang=3DEN-US =
style=3D'font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></span=
></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><span class=3DGramE><strong><b><font size=3D2 =
face=3DArial><span
lang=3DEN-US =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>Intr=
oduction.</span></font></b></strong></span><font
size=3D2 face=3DArial><span lang=3DEN-US =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;
mso-ansi-language:EN-US'> <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span lang=3DEN-US =
style=3D'font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></span=
></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span lang=3DEN-US =
style=3D'font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>The major hurdle faced =
by my
'Registered Email' concept is that it requires active participation of =
the
sender and effectively a&nbsp;global change to SMTP. This variation of =
the
'registrar' component eliminates that =
problem.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span lang=3DEN-US =
style=3D'font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></span=
></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><strong><b><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span =
lang=3DEN-US
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>Tabl=
e of
Contents</span></font></b></strong><strong><b><font size=3D2 =
face=3DArial><span
lang=3DEN-AU =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial'><o:p></o:p></span></font></b=
></strong></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span lang=3DEN-US =
style=3D'font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>&nbsp;</span></font><fo=
nt
size=3D2 face=3DArial><span lang=3DEN-AU =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p=
>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><span class=3DGramE><font size=3D2 =
face=3DArial><span lang=3DEN-US
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>1.DN=
S</span></font></span><font
size=3D2 face=3DArial><span lang=3DEN-US =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;
mso-ansi-language:EN-US'> Scan - The Innovation</span></font><font =
size=3D2
face=3DArial><span lang=3DEN-AU =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p=
>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><span class=3DGramE><font size=3D2 =
face=3DArial><span lang=3DEN-US
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>2.Ra=
nking</span></font></span><font
size=3D2 face=3DArial><span lang=3DEN-US =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;
mso-ansi-language:EN-US'> System<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><span class=3DGramE><font size=3D2 =
face=3DArial><span lang=3DEN-US
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>3.Pe=
nalties</span></font></span><font
size=3D2 face=3DArial><span lang=3DEN-US =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;
mso-ansi-language:EN-US'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><span class=3DGramE><font size=3D2 =
face=3DArial><span lang=3DEN-US
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>4.Da=
tabase</span></font></span><font
size=3D2 face=3DArial><span lang=3DEN-US =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;
mso-ansi-language:EN-US'> Usage</span></font><font size=3D2 =
face=3DArial><span
lang=3DEN-AU =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p=
>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><span class=3DGramE><font size=3D2 =
face=3DArial><span lang=3DEN-US
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>5.Pr=
ocedures</span></font></span><font
size=3D2 face=3DArial><span lang=3DEN-US =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;
mso-ansi-language:EN-US'> for New Mail =
Servers<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><span class=3DGramE><font size=3D2 =
face=3DArial><span lang=3DEN-US
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>6.Bo=
nds</span></font></span><font
size=3D2 face=3DArial><span lang=3DEN-US =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;
mso-ansi-language:EN-US'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span lang=3DEN-US =
style=3D'font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></span=
></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><b><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span lang=3DEN-US
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;font-=
weight:
bold'>1. DNS Scan - The Innovation</span></font></b><font size=3D2 =
face=3DArial><span
lang=3DEN-AU =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p=
>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span lang=3DEN-US =
style=3D'font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></span=
></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span lang=3DEN-US =
style=3D'font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>This is performed to =
create
an automated global white-list, for immediate mail server trust ranking =
and
immediate SMTP virus prevention for receiving mail servers. This is done =
by
creating an application that scans the DNS <span =
class=3DSpellE>Rootservers</span>
daily for:<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span lang=3DEN-US =
style=3D'font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;mso-ansi-language:EN-US'><span =
style=3D'mso-tab-count:
1'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
</span>Domain
Name<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'text-indent:36.0pt'><font size=3D2 =
face=3DArial><span
lang=3DEN-US =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>MX
Records<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'text-indent:36.0pt'><font size=3D2 =
face=3DArial><span
lang=3DEN-US =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>Doma=
in
Creation Date<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span lang=3DEN-US =
style=3D'font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></span=
></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span lang=3DEN-US =
style=3D'font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>Using this =
information, a
database is created,&nbsp;containing:<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span lang=3DEN-US =
style=3D'font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;mso-ansi-language:EN-US'><span =
style=3D'mso-tab-count:
1'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
</span>Domain
Name<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'margin-left:36.0pt'><font size=3D2 =
face=3DArial><span
lang=3DEN-US =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>MX
Records<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'text-indent:36.0pt'><font size=3D2 =
face=3DArial><span
lang=3DEN-US =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>Doma=
in
Creation Date<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'text-indent:36.0pt'><font size=3D2 =
face=3DArial><span
lang=3DEN-US =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>Trus=
t
Level / Rank<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'text-indent:36.0pt'><span =
class=3DGramE><font size=3D2
face=3DArial><span lang=3DEN-US =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;
mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>Reset or 'Effective' Creation Date (for =
blacklist and
spammers.</span></font></span><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span =
lang=3DEN-US
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;mso-ansi-language:EN-US'> =
For
permanent barring, this could be set 1000 years in advance and the Rank =
set to
&quot;U&quot; (see ranking system)<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span lang=3DEN-US =
style=3D'font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></span=
></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span lang=3DEN-US =
style=3D'font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>Trusted DNS =
blacklists, <span
class=3DSpellE>eg</span>&nbsp;<span =
class=3DSpellE>Spamhaus</span>,&nbsp;should be
applied against the resultant initial database and the trust level / =
rank of
blacklisted MX records should be set to &quot;U&quot; (see ranking =
system).<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span lang=3DEN-US =
style=3D'font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></span=
></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><b><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span lang=3DEN-US
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;font-=
weight:
bold'>2. Ranking system consists of:<o:p></o:p></span></font></b></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span lang=3DEN-US =
style=3D'font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;mso-ansi-language:EN-US'><span =
style=3D'mso-tab-count:
1'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
</span><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><span class=3DGramE><font size=3D2 =
face=3DArial><span lang=3DEN-US
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>&quo=
t;U&quot;
- Untrustworthy.</span></font></span><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span =
lang=3DEN-US
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;mso-ansi-language:EN-US'> =
<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'margin-left:36.0pt'><font size=3D2 =
face=3DArial><span
lang=3DEN-US =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>Any
domain that is less than 12 months old and has not applied for a =
&quot;P&quot;
provisional or &quot;B&quot; bonded ranking. New servers should follow =
the
steps detailed in section 5 if they don't want to be treated as =
untrustworthy
by receiving mail servers. <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span lang=3DEN-US =
style=3D'font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>&quot;P&quot; - =
Provisional.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'margin-left:36.0pt'><font size=3D2 =
face=3DArial><span
lang=3DEN-US =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>Any
domain that is more than 6 months old, but less than 12 months old, has =
not
been the subject of verified Spam complaints and has been sponsored / =
vouched
for by existing highly-ranked mail-servers (typically their =
ISP).<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span lang=3DEN-US =
style=3D'font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>&quot;B&quot; - =
Bonded. <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'margin-left:36.0pt'><font size=3D2 =
face=3DArial><span
lang=3DEN-US =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>Any
domain that is less than 12 months old, but has paid a security bond =
against
spamming, does not relay mail from clients that are not using SASL / TLS =
/ SPA
and blocks outgoing emails with dangerous =
attachments.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><span class=3DGramE><font size=3D2 =
face=3DArial><span lang=3DEN-US
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>&quo=
t;N&quot;
- Neutral.</span></font></span><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span =
lang=3DEN-US
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;mso-ansi-language:EN-US'> =
<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'margin-left:36.0pt'><span =
class=3DGramE><font size=3D2
face=3DArial><span lang=3DEN-US =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;
mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>Any domain that is more than 12 months old and =
has not
been the subject of verified Spam complaints.</span></font></span><font =
size=3D2
face=3DArial><span lang=3DEN-US =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;
mso-ansi-language:EN-US'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><span class=3DGramE><font size=3D2 =
face=3DArial><span lang=3DEN-US
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>&quo=
t;A&quot;
- Active.</span></font></span><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span =
lang=3DEN-US
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;mso-ansi-language:EN-US'><o:p=
></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'margin-left:36.0pt'><font size=3D2 =
face=3DArial><span
lang=3DEN-US =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>Any
domain that is more than 12 months <span class=3DGramE>old,</span> has =
not been
the subject of verified Spam complaints and has been sponsored / vouched =
for by
existing highly-ranked mail-servers (typically =
ISPs).<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span lang=3DEN-US =
style=3D'font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>&quot;T&quot; - =
Trusted. <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'margin-left:36.0pt'><font size=3D2 =
face=3DArial><span
lang=3DEN-US =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>Any
domain that is more than 12 months old, has paid a security bond against
spamming, has not been the subject of verified Spam complaints and does =
not
relay mail from clients that are not using SASL / TLS / =
SPA.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'text-indent:36.0pt'><font size=3D2 =
face=3DArial><span
lang=3DEN-US =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>OR
<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'margin-left:36.0pt'><font size=3D2 =
face=3DArial><span
lang=3DEN-US =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>Any
domain that is more than 36 months <span class=3DGramE>old,</span> has =
not been
the subject of verified Spam complaints and does not relay mail from =
clients
that are not using SASL / TLS / SPA. <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span lang=3DEN-US =
style=3D'font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>&quot;E&quot; - Elite. =
<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'margin-left:36.0pt'><font size=3D2 =
face=3DArial><span
lang=3DEN-US =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>Any
domain that is more than 3 years <span class=3DGramE>old,</span> has =
paid a
security bond against spamming and has not been the subject of verified =
Spam
complaints and does not relay mail from clients that are not using SASL =
/ TLS /
SPA.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'margin-left:36.0pt'><font size=3D2 =
face=3DArial><span
lang=3DEN-US =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>&nbs=
p;<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><b><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span lang=3DEN-US
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;font-=
weight:
bold'>3. Penalties:<o:p></o:p></span></font></b></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span lang=3DEN-US =
style=3D'font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></span=
></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span lang=3DEN-US =
style=3D'font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>Any mail server proven =
to
send Spam will have its ranking lowered. 'Bonded' mail servers could =
forfeit
all or part of the bond supplied. Severe breaches will result in a =
permanent
&quot;U&quot; ranking being attributed.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span lang=3DEN-US =
style=3D'font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></span=
></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><b><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span lang=3DEN-US
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;font-=
weight:
bold'>4. Database Usage:<o:p></o:p></span></font></b></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span lang=3DEN-US =
style=3D'font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></span=
></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span lang=3DEN-US =
style=3D'font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>Receiving mail servers =
should
perform a reverse DNS lookup and verify an incoming <span =
class=3DSpellE>mailserver</span>
is in the database. If not, the mail should be rejected, as the sending =
<span
class=3DSpellE>mailserver</span> is a virus. If used, the =
spoof-prevention
technique mentioned in my &#8216;Registered-Email&#8217; concept notes =
will
prevent mail servers on private networks from being spoofed by viruses =
also
residing on the internal network. <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span lang=3DEN-US =
style=3D'font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>The <span =
class=3DSpellE>mailserver</span>
can also choose to check the database and either reject, stamp or filter =
mail
from the various ranked <span class=3DSpellE>mailservers</span>. =
Messages
received from &quot;U&quot; should either be rejected with a =
non-delivery
report sent stating why it was rejected, OR heavily stripped, stamped as
'untrustworthy' and cleaned. Messages received from &quot;P&quot; and
&quot;N&quot; ranked <span class=3DSpellE>mailservers</span> should have
dangerous file attachments and dangerous HTML tags and all ActiveX
controls&nbsp;stripped. These messages should be filed separately from =
the
remaining ranks.&nbsp;Messages received from =
&quot;A&quot;,&quot;B&quot;,
&quot;T&quot; or &quot;E&quot; ranked <span =
class=3DSpellE>mailservers</span> <span
class=3DGramE>are</span> trusted.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><b><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span lang=3DEN-US
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;font-=
weight:
bold'>&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></span></font></b></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><b><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span lang=3DEN-US
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;font-=
weight:
bold'>5. Procedures for New Mail Servers:</span></font></b><font =
size=3D2
face=3DArial><span lang=3DEN-US =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;
mso-ansi-language:EN-US'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span lang=3DEN-US =
style=3D'font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></span=
></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span lang=3DEN-US =
style=3D'font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>New mail servers =
register
their MX details in the DNS as usual and then choose to =
either:<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<ol style=3D'margin-top:0cm' start=3D1 type=3Da>
 <li class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:list =
36.0pt'><font
     size=3D2 face=3DArial><span lang=3DEN-US =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:
     Arial;mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>Forward all mail through their ISP, =
using
     SASL. Configure the mail server for SASL clients only and block =
outgoing
     emails with dangerous attachments. At 6 months, seek 'sponsorship' =
from
     another highly-ranked mail server owner (typically your ISP) and =
apply for
     a &quot;P&quot; provisional ranking. The mail server must also pass =
checks
     to verify SASL compliance and blocking of outgoing emails with =
dangerous
     attachments. This is typically for a home mail server or a small =
business.<o:p></o:p></span></font></li>
</ol>

<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'margin-left:18.0pt'><font size=3D2 =
face=3DArial><span
lang=3DEN-US =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>&nbs=
p;b.
Apply for a &quot;B&quot; (Bonded) ranking.<span
style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>&nbsp; </span>This is predominantly for =
larger
businesses.</span></font><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span lang=3DEN-AU
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p=
>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span lang=3DEN-US =
style=3D'font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></span=
></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><b><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span lang=3DEN-US
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;font-=
weight:
bold'>6. Bonds<o:p></o:p></span></font></b></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span lang=3DEN-US =
style=3D'font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></span=
></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span lang=3DEN-US =
style=3D'font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>To qualify for a
&quot;B&quot; ranking, the mail server owner must supply enough =
proof-of-ID, in
person, to an <span class=3DSpellE>authorised</span> agent of the =
database owner.
The mail server must also pass checks to verify SASL compliance and =
blocking of
outgoing emails with dangerous attachments. =
<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'margin-left:18.0pt'><font size=3D2 =
face=3DArial><span
lang=3DEN-US =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>&nbs=
p;<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span lang=3DEN-US =
style=3D'font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>After 12 months, the =
bond can
be returned - to receive <span class=3DGramE>a</span> &quot;N&quot; =
rating, or
kept to receive a &quot;T&quot; rating. Likewise, at 36 months the bond =
can be
returned to receive a &quot;T&quot; rating, or kept to receive an =
&quot;E&quot;
rating.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><b><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span lang=3DEN-US
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;font-=
weight:
bold'>&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></span></font></b></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><b><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span lang=3DEN-US
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;font-=
weight:
bold'>Summary</span></font></b><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span =
lang=3DEN-US
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;mso-ansi-language:EN-US'><o:p=
></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span lang=3DEN-US =
style=3D'font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></span=
></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span lang=3DEN-US =
style=3D'font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:EN-=
US'>This
is an extremely easy-to-implement, automated '<span =
class=3DSpellE>whitelist</span>'
solution, similar to my 'Registered Email' <span =
class=3DGramE>concept,&nbsp;that</span>
will prevent viruses and the majority of&nbsp;Spam. Existing <span
class=3DSpellE>mailservers</span> will already fall into the =
&quot;U&quot;,
&quot;N&quot;, &quot;A&quot; and &quot;T&quot; ranks. This requires no =
active
participation of the sender or end-recipient, although it will be =
rewarded,
prevents SMTP virus replication and allows for 'home' and =
'hobby'&nbsp;email servers.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<div =
style=3D'mso-element:para-border-div;border:none;border-bottom:solid =
windowtext 1.0pt;
mso-border-bottom-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;padding:0cm 0cm 1.0pt 0cm'>

<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'border:none;mso-border-bottom-alt:solid =
windowtext .75pt;
padding:0cm;mso-padding-alt:0cm 0cm 1.0pt 0cm'><font size=3D2 =
face=3DArial><span
lang=3DEN-US =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;
mso-fareast-language:EN-US'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></font></p>

</div>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span lang=3DEN-AU =
style=3D'font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span lang=3DEN-AU =
style=3D'font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial'>Thanks for your time. I welcome your comments =
and
criticism.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span lang=3DEN-AU =
style=3D'font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span lang=3DEN-AU =
style=3D'font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial'>Regards,<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span lang=3DEN-AU =
style=3D'font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span lang=3DEN-AU =
style=3D'font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span lang=3DEN-AU =
style=3D'font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial'>Joshua Leisk<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

</div>

</body>

</html>

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Subject: [Asrg] 0. General - [Fwd: Microsoft submitting Caller ID as draft RFC]
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 From the MARID list.

-------- Original Message --------
Subject: Microsoft submitting Caller ID as draft RFC
Date: Mon, 5 Apr 2004 23:58:51 -0700
From: Harry Katz


I want to inform members of the MARID working group that Microsoft will
shortly be submitting the Caller ID for E-mail specification to the IETF
as an Informational RFC.  We request that the Caller ID specification be
considered an input document to the working group's deliberations.

We expect to submit the draft to the IETF RFC Editor in the next 7-10
days.  In the meantime a PDF version of the specification can be found
at http://www.microsoft.com/callerid.

Thanks,

Harry Katz
Program Manager
Exchange Server Division
Microsoft Corp.




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A new blacklists for spamvertized domains has been brought up. You can 
find it at:

http://www.surbl.org/

Yakov



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--Apple-Mail-1-430804720
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   I mail-server I use regularly (Indiana University) has taken, in 
response to worms and other malware useing .pif. zip, exe, etc 
attachments to spread their damage, has taken the (IMO) rather drastic 
step of blocking almost *all* attachments (except for pdf, doc, and a 
few others), including MacOSX extensions (pbproj and saver) even though 
there are no viruses currently which try to use OSX extensions (and 
they wouldn't work either, as Windows would not try to run a xx.saver 
file as an executable).

   I would argue that if one wants to block EXE files - fine - but block 
them by looking for the base-64 encoded 'TVq' signature of EXE files 
(the 'MZ' signature when encoded).  The current policy of blocking a 
great many different attachments, not only makes it more difficult for 
people who do want to send legitimate attachments (but not too much - I 
just remove the extension), if adopted on a large-scale (which I doubt 
it will be), such a "draconian" policy will push mal-ware-writers to 
move to other ways of sending their worms - Word macro viruses, Excel 
macro viruses, HTML with mal-ware JS and Java code, or whatever 
(there's almost always another hole to exploit).

   This same mail-server is going to shortly be implementing a 
system-wide spam filtering solution (probably based on SpamAssasin), 
which will as a matter of course be scanning all data coming through 
the relay.  Since all data will be scanned already, scanning for EXE 
files or other known signatures of malware should not be terribly more 
computationally intensive.

   The solution proposed by 'gep2' would seem to address this, but it 
seems to me that it would have an incredible computation scaling 
problem (if filtering on a per-user basis is done on the receiving 
end), and/or require a global change to the email system (if a sending 
server would query a receiving server for every email).

Jim

> From: gep2@terabites.com
> Date: Tue, 06 Apr 2004 21:47:13 -0500
> If we're ever going to REALLY get a handle on this problem, I still 
> believe that
> what matters more is:
>
> 1)  putting the quash on unexpected attachments (especially if they are
> executables);  [..]
> 2)  likewise, making support for HTML-burdened E-mail (which can 
> contain all [..]
> I believe that the most significant way to hugely improve both of these
> situations is the ability of the recipient to whitelist individual 
> specific
> senders with SPECIFIC rights to:
>   a)  send them attachments (and subapprove based on the class of the
> attachments)
>   b)  send them HTML (and POSSIBLY subapprove based on categories of 
> HTML tags
> allowed).



--Apple-Mail-1-430804720
Content-Type: text/enriched;
	charset=US-ASCII
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit

  I mail-server I use regularly (Indiana University) has taken, in
response to worms and other malware useing .pif. zip, exe, etc
attachments to spread their damage, has taken the (IMO) rather drastic
step of blocking almost *all* attachments (except for pdf, doc, and a
few others), including MacOSX extensions (pbproj and saver) even
though there are no viruses currently which try to use OSX extensions
(and they wouldn't work either, as Windows would not try to run a
xx.saver file as an executable).


  I would argue that if one wants to block EXE files - fine - but
block them by looking for the base-64 encoded 'TVq' signature of EXE
files (the 'MZ' signature when encoded).  The current policy of
blocking a great many different attachments, not only makes it more
difficult for people who do want to send legitimate attachments (but
not too much - I just remove the extension), if adopted on a
large-scale (which I doubt it will be), such a "draconian" policy will
push mal-ware-writers to move to other ways of sending their worms -
Word macro viruses, Excel macro viruses, HTML with mal-ware JS and
Java code, or whatever (there's almost always another hole to exploit).


  This same mail-server is going to shortly be implementing a
system-wide spam filtering solution (probably based on SpamAssasin),
which will as a matter of course be scanning all data coming through
the relay.  Since all data will be scanned already, scanning for EXE
files or other known signatures of malware should not be terribly more
computationally intensive.


  The solution proposed by 'gep2' would seem to address this, but it
seems to me that it would have an incredible computation scaling
problem (if filtering on a per-user basis is done on the receiving
end), and/or require a global change to the email system (if a sending
server would query a receiving server for every email).


Jim


<excerpt>From: gep2@terabites.com

Date: Tue, 06 Apr 2004 21:47:13 -0500<color><param>0000,6363,1212</param>

</color>If we're ever going to REALLY get a handle on this problem, I
still believe that

what matters more is:


1)  putting the quash on unexpected attachments (especially if they are

executables);  [..]

2)  likewise, making support for HTML-burdened E-mail (which can
contain all [..]<color><param>0000,6363,1212</param>

</color>I believe that the most significant way to hugely improve both
of these

situations is the ability of the recipient to whitelist individual
specific

senders with SPECIFIC rights to:

  a)  send them attachments (and subapprove based on the class of the

attachments)

  b)  send them HTML (and POSSIBLY subapprove based on categories of
HTML tags

allowed).

</excerpt>



--Apple-Mail-1-430804720--


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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Usefulness of wholesale blocking of attachments for SMTP?
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Jim Witte wrote:

> I would argue that if one wants to block EXE files - fine - but block 
> them by looking for the base-64 encoded 'TVq' signature of EXE files 
> (the 'MZ' signature when encoded). The current policy of blocking a 
> great many different attachments, not only makes it more difficult for 
> people who do want to send legitimate attachments (but not too much - I 
> just remove the extension), if adopted on a large-scale (which I doubt 
> it will be),

It's already implemented in a very large scale.  .scr, .pif, etc.  Many 
of those have no business in email anyway.

Note also that while the TVq et.al. signatures are _very_ useful, they 
don't do the whole job.  Ie: zip'd .exe.  TVq (and the two other 
rotations of Base64'd "MZ") helps, but (a) you have to make the 
signature a lot longer than "TVq", and (b) zip file name lengths can 
push the (longer) signature over a Base64 line boundary, and filtering 
abruptly becomes a lot harder.

Once you've decided to nuke .exes in all forms, about the only 
problematic attachment type that most people would be blocking would be 
wav files (because of Klez).  It's the only attachment type we get FPs 
on. I should research whether the magic string check is sufficient.

> such a "draconian" policy will push mal-ware-writers to 
> move to other ways of sending their worms - Word macro viruses, Excel 
> macro viruses, HTML with mal-ware JS and Java code, or whatever (there's 
> almost always another hole to exploit).

That's a little like telling everyone to take off their bullet-proof 
vests because it'll just encourage poison gas.


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From: "Chris" <asrg@rebel.com.au>
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Subject: RE: [Asrg] Usefulness of wholesale blocking of attachments for SMTP?
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> > such a "draconian" policy will push mal-ware-writers to
> > move to other ways of sending their worms - Word macro viruses, Excel
> > macro viruses, HTML with mal-ware JS and Java code, or whatever
> (there's
> > almost always another hole to exploit).

thats why most viruses come zipped these days. and I am getting more than
ever

>
> That's a little like telling everyone to take off their bullet-proof
> vests because it'll just encourage poison gas.
>


wholesale blocking of attachments is a nuisance I often send things via
email. for very legitimate reasons

The problem could/should be solved by using a sandbox arrangement

anything to do with the internet should be run in a sandbox so it cannot
alter any part of the users computer.

that is to say not only email but any other software that has the potential
to run downloaded apps or scripts

e.g. IM's P2P Browsers etc.

I have often wondered how hard it would be to make a sandbox.

does anyone know of any open source sandboxes?


Regards
Chris



> -----Original Message-----
> From: asrg-admin@ietf.org [mailto:asrg-admin@ietf.org]On Behalf Of Chris
> Lewis
> Sent: Tuesday, 13 April 2004 3:16 PM
> Cc: asrg@ietf.org
> Subject: Re: [Asrg] Usefulness of wholesale blocking of attachments for
> SMTP?
>
>
> Jim Witte wrote:
>
> > I would argue that if one wants to block EXE files - fine - but block
> > them by looking for the base-64 encoded 'TVq' signature of EXE files
> > (the 'MZ' signature when encoded). The current policy of blocking a
> > great many different attachments, not only makes it more difficult for
> > people who do want to send legitimate attachments (but not too much - I
> > just remove the extension), if adopted on a large-scale (which I doubt
> > it will be),
>
> It's already implemented in a very large scale.  .scr, .pif, etc.  Many
> of those have no business in email anyway.
>
> Note also that while the TVq et.al. signatures are _very_ useful, they
> don't do the whole job.  Ie: zip'd .exe.  TVq (and the two other
> rotations of Base64'd "MZ") helps, but (a) you have to make the
> signature a lot longer than "TVq", and (b) zip file name lengths can
> push the (longer) signature over a Base64 line boundary, and filtering
> abruptly becomes a lot harder.
>
> Once you've decided to nuke .exes in all forms, about the only
> problematic attachment type that most people would be blocking would be
> wav files (because of Klez).  It's the only attachment type we get FPs
> on. I should research whether the magic string check is sufficient.
>
> > such a "draconian" policy will push mal-ware-writers to
> > move to other ways of sending their worms - Word macro viruses, Excel
> > macro viruses, HTML with mal-ware JS and Java code, or whatever
> (there's
> > almost always another hole to exploit).
>
> That's a little like telling everyone to take off their bullet-proof
> vests because it'll just encourage poison gas.
>
>
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg


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Chris wrote:
>[snip prior message]
> The problem could/should be solved by using a sandbox arrangement
> 
> anything to do with the internet should be run in a sandbox so it cannot
> alter any part of the users computer.
> 
> that is to say not only email but any other software that has the potential
> to run downloaded apps or scripts
> 
> e.g. IM's P2P Browsers etc.
> 
> I have often wondered how hard it would be to make a sandbox.
> 
> does anyone know of any open source sandboxes?

User Mode Linux is about as strong as you'll get. The BSD's jail system, a 
more advanced chroot, is also very good.

Philip Miller

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From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@ox.org>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Usefulness of wholesale blocking of attachments for SMTP? 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Mon, 12 Apr 2004 19:46:59 CDT."
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Jim Witte <jswitte@bloomington.in.us> wrote:
>    I mail-server I use regularly (Indiana University) has taken, in 
> response to worms and other malware useing .pif. zip, exe, etc 
> attachments to spread their damage, has taken the (IMO) rather drastic 
> step of blocking almost *all* attachments ...

  Coincidentally, another list I'm on had a post from the admin of a
local university, talking about spam.  Here's what he said.

(quote)
   I don't support any Windows systems, yet I seem to spend a huge amount
of time dealing with problems relating to Windows non-security.  During the
fall/winter term we had to deal with

   1) When students returned to Residence in September, at least half of
      their machines were infected.
   2) Anemic Internet connectivity because our commercial traffic shaper
      would go bonkers trying to maintain state on connections initiated by
      network virus infected machines.
   3) Overloaded Internet pipe due to coordinated DOS attack from trojan
      infected machines.  It's amazing how much traffic an infected, recent
      model Intel machine with a switched 100Mbps connection can generate!
   4) Infected Windows machines are now a major source of spam.  After
      doubling the performance of our mail server in August we were
      astonished to find only a few months later that it was being pounded
      into the ground by the growing stream of spam related mail.
   5) Spammers frequently use bogus @UNIVERSITY addresses on their mail
      and so all undeliverable messages are bounced to us.  We are typically
      receiving over 1 million such bounce messages every day!  Since the
      spam mail that is the source of this problem originates from thousands
      of infected machines there is no solution other than to throw more
      hardware at it.
   6) When my desktop Windows machine at work was upgraded to Windows XP
      the machine was infected before the installation was finished.  It
      took four full virus scans and three reboots before it was clean.
(end quote)

  See #5.  The deployment of RMX/SPF would make a huge difference to
this site.  The bounce messages from forged spam could be
automatically scanned and discarded.

  This situation is not unique.  Spam (and insecure Windows machines)
constitute a clear and present danger to the net.  I'm saddened to see
my prediction of 3 years ago fulfilled: Everyone else's email systems
will end up looking like mine; overloaded and useless due to the
overwhelming flood of spam.

  Alan Dekok.

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From: "Chris" <asrg@rebel.com.au>
To: "Philip Miller" <millenix@zemos.net>, "Chris" <asrg@rebel.com.au>
Cc: <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] Re: Usefulness of wholesale blocking of attachments for SMTP?
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Sorry I should have been more specific

> > I have often wondered how hard it would be to make a sandbox.
> >
> > does anyone know of any open source sandboxes?
>
> User Mode Linux is about as strong as you'll get. The BSD's jail
> system, a
> more advanced chroot, is also very good.

I should have said... does anyone know of any open source sandboxes for
windows?

Windows being the major source of infections cause by a total lack of
"useable" security.

What security there is available being in effect rendered useless by its
difficulty to implement. thus putting itself far beyond the average user.

a good program that leads a user through the steps required might be
helpful. but windows 98 etc are without any form of security and a sandbox
is the better choice.

The ones you mentioned above are probably good case studies to see what is
needed in such a system.

Regards
Chris


> -----Original Message-----
> From: asrg-admin@ietf.org [mailto:asrg-admin@ietf.org]On Behalf Of
> Philip Miller
> Sent: Tuesday, 13 April 2004 9:20 PM
> To: Chris
> Cc: asrg@ietf.org
> Subject: [Asrg] Re: Usefulness of wholesale blocking of attachments for
> SMTP?
>
>
> Chris wrote:
> >[snip prior message]
> > The problem could/should be solved by using a sandbox arrangement
> >
> > anything to do with the internet should be run in a sandbox so it cannot
> > alter any part of the users computer.
> >
> > that is to say not only email but any other software that has
> the potential
> > to run downloaded apps or scripts
> >
> > e.g. IM's P2P Browsers etc.
> >
> > I have often wondered how hard it would be to make a sandbox.
> >
> > does anyone know of any open source sandboxes?
>
> User Mode Linux is about as strong as you'll get. The BSD's jail
> system, a
> more advanced chroot, is also very good.
>
> Philip Miller
>
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg


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Original press release:

http://www.ftc.gov/opa/2004/04/adultlabel.htm

FTC Adopts Rule That Requires Notice That Spam Contains=20
Sexually-Explicit Material

Starting May 19th 2004, spam that contains sexually oriented material=20
must include the warning =93SEXUALLY-EXPLICIT: =94 in the subject line or=
=20
face fines for violations of federal law. The CAN-SPAM Act, passed by=20
Congress in 2003, directed the Federal Trade Commission to adopt a rule=20
requiring a mark or notice to be included in spam that contains sexually=20
oriented material. The purpose of the notice is to inform recipients=20
that a spam message contains sexually oriented material and to make it=20
easier to filter out messages they do not wish to receive. Establishing=20
the mark was one of several actions Congress directed the Commission to=20
undertake by enacting the CAN-SPAM Act, which was signed into law on=20
December 16, 2003. The CAN-SPAM Act required the Commission to prescribe=20
the mark or notice within 120 days after passage of the Act.
....



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Subject: Re: [Asrg] 2. Legal - FTC approves label for sexually-explicit spam
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>http://www.ftc.gov/opa/2004/04/adultlabel.htm
>
>FTC Adopts Rule That Requires Notice That Spam Contains 
>Sexually-Explicit Material

Spam?

SPAM?

Isn't that like saying from here on packets of heroin must have a
label "may cause drowsiness"?

Are the people at the FTC really that clueless as to word a notice on
their site like that?

I hope Hormel sues the crap out of them.

In fact, I hope they're all fired.

SPAM implies a CRIMINAL behavior, if it's SPAM then it's in violation
of CAN-SPAM, at the very least.

Well, we all know (or should by now) that the only way spammers can
operate is via criminal means, it's the basis of their entire business
model.

Morons. Seriously. Morons.

Worse. Friends of criminals.

That's it, the govt has yielded the whole goddamned net to criminals.

I know Bush hates the internet but this is getting out of hand.


-- 
        -Barry Shein

Software Tool & Die    | bzs@TheWorld.com           | http://www.TheWorld.com
Purveyors to the Trade | Voice: 617-739-0202        | Login: 617-739-WRLD
The World              | Public Access Internet     | Since 1989     *oo*

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From: John Levine <asrg@johnlevine.com>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 2. Legal - FTC approves label for sexually-explicit spam
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>Isn't that like saying from here on packets of heroin must have a
>label "may cause drowsiness"?

Yes.

>Are the people at the FTC really that clueless as to word a notice on
>their site like that?

The FTC staff has clues out the wazoo.  Unfortunately our Elected
Legislators passed the CAN SPAM act in which one of the inane sections
tells the FTC to define a tag for porn spam, and FTC employees do not
remain employed by failing to do what their bosses tell them to.

>That's it, the govt has yielded the whole goddamned net to criminals.
>I know Bush hates the internet but this is getting out of hand.

Based on my conversation with him at a spyware hearing last month, I'd
place a lot of responsibility on Senator Burns who still thinks that
CAN SPAM is a fine piece of legislation.

Regards,
John Levine, johnl@taugh.com, Taughannock Networks, Trumansburg NY
http://www.taugh.com


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--Apple-Mail-2-652115125
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I can guess the answer, but does anyone have any statistics showing 
spammers actually beginning to comply with the CAN-SPAM act?


mathew
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On Apr 13, 2004, at 00:45, Chris Lewis wrote:
> It's already implemented in a very large scale.  .scr, .pif, etc.  
> Many of those have no business in email anyway.

Indeed. As someone who has no Windows systems at all, at home or at 
work, I automatically bounce anything from the Internet that has any 
kind of Windows or Microsoft file attachment--including .exe, .pif, 
.scr, .doc, .xls, and anything that has a character set of 
"WINDOWS-1252". I also bounce anything claiming to be from MSDN, 
Microsoft or MSN, because nobody I know uses addresses there.

I think ultimately Microsoft's failure to deal with their systems' 
insecurity might start having a negative effect on their business as 
Windows systems are locked out of more and more areas of the net.

I'm quite prepared to bounce .zip files too, though at the moment my 
mail host's virus checker is successfully stripping all those.

Nevertheless, bounces caused by Windows viruses are the #1 problem in 
my inbox now. The commercial spam thing is largely under control; it's 
the millions of bounces from viruses joe-jobbing me that are hard to 
deal with.

Is there an active proposal to require that bounce messages include a 
standard header with the message-ID of the message being bounced?


mathew


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At 07:15 AM 4/15/2004, mathew wrote:
>I can guess the answer, but does anyone have any statistics showing 
>spammers actually beginning to comply with the CAN-SPAM act?

Ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha 
ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha 
ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha 
ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha!

To answer your question, "no".  In fact, I have seen a huge increase in 
spam in the past few months, and the percentage of spam that even attempts 
to comply with the I-CAN-SPAM act is well under 1%.  I haven't bothered to 
do the stats, I just notice when I look at the glurge that makes it thru my 
filters that every now and then (once a month or so, out of the 10s of 
thousands of spams I get each month) I get an email that doesn't have 
forged headers, has what appears to be valid opt-out instructions, etc.

jc



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--------------000601090602070901020908
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Hi Alan:

A couple of years ago, the writing was on the wall about the writing on 
the net was clear.

Currently, I offer a POP and SMTP solution. The latter is a good 
heat-shield for an SMTP server. Basically, the smtp server instead of a 
port firewall value of 25/* is now 25/{single class c}. The problem has 
become so large that we have to maintain approximately 1000 servers to 
protect our clients.

What interests me is point of origin detection, identification and 
blocking. In other words, what addition to the SMTP protocol would make 
it possible to identify, for example, "unstamped email being sent out in 
bulk mode". Statistically, isn't it possible to identify an instance of 
a bulk email event on the net?

Anyway, I am doing my share to block spam as close to the point of 
origin as possible but I am still not happy. Just today, I was at a 
friends office and my outgoing email was blocked because 
cliff.concentric.net is now on a spam list.

Lane Sharman



Alan DeKok wrote:

>Jim Witte <jswitte@bloomington.in.us> wrote:
>  
>
>>   I mail-server I use regularly (Indiana University) has taken, in 
>>response to worms and other malware useing .pif. zip, exe, etc 
>>attachments to spread their damage, has taken the (IMO) rather drastic 
>>step of blocking almost *all* attachments ...
>>    
>>
>
>  Coincidentally, another list I'm on had a post from the admin of a
>local university, talking about spam.  Here's what he said.
>
>(quote)
>   I don't support any Windows systems, yet I seem to spend a huge amount
>of time dealing with problems relating to Windows non-security.  During the
>fall/winter term we had to deal with
>
>   1) When students returned to Residence in September, at least half of
>      their machines were infected.
>   2) Anemic Internet connectivity because our commercial traffic shaper
>      would go bonkers trying to maintain state on connections initiated by
>      network virus infected machines.
>   3) Overloaded Internet pipe due to coordinated DOS attack from trojan
>      infected machines.  It's amazing how much traffic an infected, recent
>      model Intel machine with a switched 100Mbps connection can generate!
>   4) Infected Windows machines are now a major source of spam.  After
>      doubling the performance of our mail server in August we were
>      astonished to find only a few months later that it was being pounded
>      into the ground by the growing stream of spam related mail.
>   5) Spammers frequently use bogus @UNIVERSITY addresses on their mail
>      and so all undeliverable messages are bounced to us.  We are typically
>      receiving over 1 million such bounce messages every day!  Since the
>      spam mail that is the source of this problem originates from thousands
>      of infected machines there is no solution other than to throw more
>      hardware at it.
>   6) When my desktop Windows machine at work was upgraded to Windows XP
>      the machine was infected before the installation was finished.  It
>      took four full virus scans and three reboots before it was clean.
>(end quote)
>
>  See #5.  The deployment of RMX/SPF would make a huge difference to
>this site.  The bounce messages from forged spam could be
>automatically scanned and discarded.
>
>  This situation is not unique.  Spam (and insecure Windows machines)
>constitute a clear and present danger to the net.  I'm saddened to see
>my prediction of 3 years ago fulfilled: Everyone else's email systems
>will end up looking like mine; overloaded and useless due to the
>overwhelming flood of spam.
>
>  Alan Dekok.
>
>_______________________________________________
>Asrg mailing list
>Asrg@ietf.org
>https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg
>
>  
>

-- 
Lane Sharman
Providing Private and SPAM-Free Email
http://www.opendoors.com
858-755-2868



--------------000601090602070901020908
Content-Type: text/html; charset=us-ascii
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
<head>
  <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=ISO-8859-1">
  <title></title>
</head>
<body>
Hi Alan:<br>
<br>
A couple of years ago, the writing was on the wall about the writing on the
net was clear.<br>
<br>
Currently, I offer a POP and SMTP solution. The latter is a good heat-shield
for an SMTP server. Basically, the smtp server instead of a port firewall
value of 25/* is now 25/{single class c}. The problem has become so large
that we have to maintain approximately 1000 servers to protect our clients.<br>
<br>
What interests me is point of origin detection, identification and blocking.
In other words, what addition to the SMTP protocol would make it possible
to identify, for example, "unstamped email being sent out in bulk mode".
Statistically, isn't it possible to identify an instance of a bulk email
event on the net?<br>
<br>
Anyway, I am doing my share to block spam as close to the point of origin
as possible but I am still not happy. Just today, I was at a friends office
and my outgoing email was blocked because cliff.concentric.net is now on
a spam list.<br>
<br>
Lane Sharman<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
Alan DeKok wrote:<br>
<blockquote type="cite"
 cite="mid20040413142358.BD50416DF5@mail.nitros9.org">
  <pre wrap="">Jim Witte <a class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E" href="mailto:jswitte@bloomington.in.us">&lt;jswitte@bloomington.in.us&gt;</a> wrote:
  </pre>
  <blockquote type="cite">
    <pre wrap="">   I mail-server I use regularly (Indiana University) has taken, in 
response to worms and other malware useing .pif. zip, exe, etc 
attachments to spread their damage, has taken the (IMO) rather drastic 
step of blocking almost *all* attachments ...
    </pre>
  </blockquote>
  <pre wrap=""><!---->
  Coincidentally, another list I'm on had a post from the admin of a
local university, talking about spam.  Here's what he said.

(quote)
   I don't support any Windows systems, yet I seem to spend a huge amount
of time dealing with problems relating to Windows non-security.  During the
fall/winter term we had to deal with

   1) When students returned to Residence in September, at least half of
      their machines were infected.
   2) Anemic Internet connectivity because our commercial traffic shaper
      would go bonkers trying to maintain state on connections initiated by
      network virus infected machines.
   3) Overloaded Internet pipe due to coordinated DOS attack from trojan
      infected machines.  It's amazing how much traffic an infected, recent
      model Intel machine with a switched 100Mbps connection can generate!
   4) Infected Windows machines are now a major source of spam.  After
      doubling the performance of our mail server in August we were
      astonished to find only a few months later that it was being pounded
      into the ground by the growing stream of spam related mail.
   5) Spammers frequently use bogus @UNIVERSITY addresses on their mail
      and so all undeliverable messages are bounced to us.  We are typically
      receiving over 1 million such bounce messages every day!  Since the
      spam mail that is the source of this problem originates from thousands
      of infected machines there is no solution other than to throw more
      hardware at it.
   6) When my desktop Windows machine at work was upgraded to Windows XP
      the machine was infected before the installation was finished.  It
      took four full virus scans and three reboots before it was clean.
(end quote)

  See #5.  The deployment of RMX/SPF would make a huge difference to
this site.  The bounce messages from forged spam could be
automatically scanned and discarded.

  This situation is not unique.  Spam (and insecure Windows machines)
constitute a clear and present danger to the net.  I'm saddened to see
my prediction of 3 years ago fulfilled: Everyone else's email systems
will end up looking like mine; overloaded and useless due to the
overwhelming flood of spam.

  Alan Dekok.

_______________________________________________
Asrg mailing list
<a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:Asrg@ietf.org">Asrg@ietf.org</a>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg">https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg</a>

  </pre>
</blockquote>
<br>
<pre class="moz-signature" cols="$mailwrapcol">-- 
Lane Sharman
Providing Private and SPAM-Free Email
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://www.opendoors.com">http://www.opendoors.com</a>
858-755-2868</pre>
<br>
</body>
</html>

--------------000601090602070901020908--


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Hi Yakov,

It seems to me that there would be some of the following in a bulk email 
solution. Because, for sure, there are a lot of legit bulk emailers.

a) an accreditation process which would include certification of a legit 
sender. The sender has to present himself/herself before a physical post 
office for example.
b) a bulk stamp purchase agreement is executed and paid for by the 
originator.
c) a set of designated relay servers would be designated to "affix the 
stamp" on behalf of the originator, the bulk sender.
d) any relay could verify that a stamp instance as valid with a remote 
lookup; forgeries would be thwarted because the stamp expires and other 
characteristics.

-Lane





Yakov Shafranovich wrote:

> Lane Sharman wrote:
>
>> What interests me is point of origin detection, identification and 
>> blocking. In other words, what addition to the SMTP protocol would 
>> make it possible to identify, for example, "unstamped email being 
>> sent out in bulk mode". Statistically, isn't it possible to identify 
>> an instance of a bulk email event on the net?
>
>
> DCC (http://www.rhyolite.com/anti-spam/dcc/) tries to detect bulk 
> emails as do some other projects. This is not something that requires 
> addition to SMTP and is an separate protocol.
>
> Of course we must remember that bulk email is not necessarily bad. 
> There are many instances of legit bulk email (e.g. acceptance letters 
> from a college, bank statement notifications, etc.). So knowing that a 
> specific email is bulk is only half the problem, once you know it is 
> bulk there needs to be a determination as to whether it is legit or not.
>
> This is what Project Lumus, TEOS and some other mechanisms try to do - 
> whitelist or accredit legit bulk emailers. Of course, a single unified 
> framework of standard for the entire Internet on exchanging 
> accreditation and reputation data is something that might solve this 
> as well, so far there hasn't been sufficient interest in that area 
> (the SMTP-VERIFY subgroup was looking into it as some point).
>
> Yakov
>

-- 
Lane Sharman
Providing Private and SPAM-Free Email
http://www.opendoors.com
858-755-2868




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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Usefulness of wholesale blocking of attachments for SMTP?
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>a) an accreditation process which would include certification of a legit 
>sender. The sender has to present himself/herself before a physical post 
>office for example.

Right.  There's a bunch of possibile reputation systems here, from
ISIPP's IADB o the proposed .mail domain

>b) a bulk stamp purchase agreement is executed and paid for by the 
>originator.
>c) a set of designated relay servers would be designated to "affix the 
>stamp" on behalf of the originator, the bulk sender.
>d) any relay could verify that a stamp instance as valid with a remote 
>lookup; forgeries would be thwarted because the stamp expires and other 
>characteristics.

You're conflating two unrelated things here.  Authenticating senders is
a fine idea.  That's what proposals such as SPF and Domain Keys do, with
no stamps needed.

E-postage is a horrible idea because it introduces more problems than
it is supposed to solve.  See my white paper at http://www.taugh.com
for a longer discussion of the insoluble problems with e-postage.

Regards,
John Levine, johnl@taugh.com, Taughannock Networks, Trumansburg NY
http://www.taugh.com


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John Levine wrote:

>E-postage is a horrible idea because it introduces more problems than
>it is supposed to solve.  See my white paper at http://www.taugh.com
>for a longer discussion of the insoluble problems with e-postage.
>
Thanks for the link. I will digest this over the next few days and 
possibly reply offline.

>  
>

-- 
Lane Sharman
Providing Private and SPAM-Free Email
http://www.opendoors.com
858-755-2868




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From exim@www1.ietf.org  Sat Apr 17 12:56:20 2004
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All,

We have not yet announced, but have made available, the IDDB - ISIPP 
Domains Database.  This is a companion database to IDDB, and allows 
queriers to do a query by domain name;  if the domain name is listed, 
it will return a list of IP addresses from which the domain is properly 
allowed to mail, along with the listee's IADB registration number for 
cross reference.  Obviously, the resulting IP addresses can than be 
plugged into an IADB query to get the IADB data about the sender's 
status, opt-in policies, etc..

This is _not_ intended as a replacement for SPF, MS Caller ID for 
Email, Domain Keys, etc..  Rather it is simply a companion database to 
IADB, which we are offering at the request of both senders and 
receivers who wanted this ability.

IADB is also growing, now offering additional information (the newest 
is the data code which means "the only email which comes from this IP 
address is mailing list email, and that mailing list email is entirely 
confirmed (double) opt-in"), and providing such information to ISPs, 
spam filters, and other queriers for more than 325million pieces of 
email per month.  The full list if current information provided by an 
IADB lookup is at http://www.isipp.com/iadbquery.php

Querying IDDB, as with IADB, is free (and always will be), and can be 
done by filling out a short form at 
http://www.isipp.com/iadb_query_sign_up.php   We hope that you will get 
good use out of IDDB as well as IADB, and I want to thank those of you 
already supporting it.

Anne


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From: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>
Organization: SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc.
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Lane Sharman wrote:
> What interests me is point of origin detection, identification and 
> blocking. In other words, what addition to the SMTP protocol would make 
> it possible to identify, for example, "unstamped email being sent out in 
> bulk mode". Statistically, isn't it possible to identify an instance of 
> a bulk email event on the net?

DCC (http://www.rhyolite.com/anti-spam/dcc/) tries to detect bulk emails 
as do some other projects. This is not something that requires addition 
to SMTP and is an separate protocol.

Of course we must remember that bulk email is not necessarily bad. There 
are many instances of legit bulk email (e.g. acceptance letters from a 
college, bank statement notifications, etc.). So knowing that a specific 
email is bulk is only half the problem, once you know it is bulk there 
needs to be a determination as to whether it is legit or not.

This is what Project Lumus, TEOS and some other mechanisms try to do - 
whitelist or accredit legit bulk emailers. Of course, a single unified 
framework of standard for the entire Internet on exchanging 
accreditation and reputation data is something that might solve this as 
well, so far there hasn't been sufficient interest in that area (the 
SMTP-VERIFY subgroup was looking into it as some point).

Yakov

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Date: Sun, 18 Apr 2004 10:49:02 -0500
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I'm going to combine my comments regarding several related posts on this thread.

> What interests me is point of origin detection, identification and 
blocking. 

Fine, except that it doesn't really solve the spam problem.  If spammers have to 
use "real" return addresses (with valid SPF and certificates and all the rest) 
on their spam E-mail, they will.  It is only out of "being nice" that they 
currently generate bogus return addresses, largely to avoid harassing "real" 
users with undeliverable bounces and complaints.

Once you identify the "real" machine where the transmission occurred, more 
likely than not it will turn out to be a zombie-infected spambot.  So you get to 
throw bricks at a fellow victim.  Fat lot of help that does!

> In other words, what addition to the SMTP protocol would make 
it possible to identify, for example, "unstamped email being sent out in 
bulk mode". 

What does that achieve?  All it does it require spammers to send STAMPED spam.  
As for "bulk mode", if you have recruited/infected enough zombie machines, you 
don't even have to send it out in bulk mode.

Anything that a legitimate sending computer can send via SMTP (or any variant 
you choose to define) can be sent by an infected zombie spambot computer via 
SMTP (or the defined variant).  You have changed things (I guess that makes SOME 
people feel better) but you haven't really solved the problem.

The problem isn't really the spam mail itself (although I agree that it comes at 
some cost) as much as it is the fact that it (a) chews up inbox space, (b) 
wastes bandwidth, and (c) annoys the recipient.  

Suitably clever content filters (once it's not possible to evade them by 
HTML-based tricks) can get rid of much of the spam, thus preventing many/most 
cases of (c).  

Inbox space and bandwidth waste are greatly reduced by spammers learning that 
sending bulky attachments or (also bulky) HTML-burdened E-mail is the kiss of 
death on the spam they send out.  This helps (at least) with (a) and (c).

The best way ultimately to put a serious dent in spam (and worms/viruses) is for 
it to be perceived as largely futile.  And if 99.99% of the junk (or more) never 
even gets delivered to a human being, this has got to help achieve that.

> Statistically, isn't it possible to identify an instance of 
a bulk email event on the net?

Perhaps it is, although it's hard to define "a bulk email event".  What if NO 
TWO of the "bulk" e-mail messages are identical?  What if they "originate" at a 
multitude of zombie spambot machines?  I think that ultimately it's probably 
better to detect unwanted E-mail by a variety of pattern matching heuristics 
(and I make use of a variety of these in my own personally written SPITBOL-based 
incoming E-mail filter) and simply reroute to a deadletter box (or just route to 
the bit bucket) messages which are clearly unwanted.

More troubling, what do you do about spam which is NOT the result of "a bulk 
email event" but which is more individualized or somehow (perhaps slightly) more 
targeted than that?

> Anyway, I am doing my share to block spam as close to the point of 
origin as possible but I am still not happy. 

Some of it is truly quite difficult to identify in an overall, anticipatory kind 
of way.  But the great majority of it can be identified without TOO great a 
difficulty.  One frustration is the increasing spammer use of "one-shot" 
disposable domain names, that presently each individual recipient must block 
separately.  There needs to be a good way for a cooperative effort here, such 
that the first folks to detect a spam mailing can rapidly alert others which 
domain names are involved.  Then those domain names can be added to filters in 
use by other users.

Rather than making mail filters poll a central site (these have in the past been 
victimized by DDOS attacks), maybe one approach here might be to set up a 
Yahoogroup that could be used to rapidly distribute these "disreputable domain 
names" and IP addresses along with a utility which would add them to the 
recipients' HOSTS files (and from there, to their incoming mail filters).

> Just today, I was at a friends office and my outgoing email was blocked 
because cliff.concentric.net is now on a spam list.

Yes, and that's one of the problems with SPF, "authenticated users", 
certificates and other such schemes.  Ultimately it's not very helpful to throw 
rocks at fellow victims.

[snip]

>>   I mail-server I use regularly (Indiana University) has taken, in 
>>response to worms and other malware useing .pif. zip, exe, etc 
>>attachments to spread their damage, has taken the (IMO) rather drastic 
>>step of blocking almost *all* attachments ...

That's sort of the approach of Microsoft's new version of Outlook, where they 
allow blocking by attachment extension.  That's better than nothing, but it 
needs to be SOMEWHAT finer:  it needs to allow the recipient to enable specific 
attachment types (and certain classes of HTML markup) to be received from 
specific approved-and-trusted senders.

>>  Coincidentally, another list I'm on had a post from the admin of a
>local university, talking about spam.  Here's what he said.
>
>(quote)
>   I don't support any Windows systems, yet I seem to spend a huge amount
>of time dealing with problems relating to Windows non-security.  During the
>fall/winter term we had to deal with
>
>   1) When students returned to Residence in September, at least half of
>      their machines were infected.

One of my colleagues recently dealt with a client whose system was "having 
assorted problems".  Upon installing Spybot-Search-and-Destroy over TWO HUNDRED 
instances of spyware were found on the unwitting user's computer.  There were 
additional Spyware programs that SPYBOT S&D did NOT find, besides.

Microsoft has definitely gotten the message about security, and although they're 
not moving as quickly as (or necessarily in the direction that) I'd like, 
they're making some big strides.  It's hard to rapidly turn such a huge ship.

>   2) Anemic Internet connectivity because our commercial traffic shaper
>      would go bonkers trying to maintain state on connections initiated by
>      network virus infected machines.
>   3) Overloaded Internet pipe due to coordinated DOS attack from trojan
>      infected machines.  It's amazing how much traffic an infected, recent
>      model Intel machine with a switched 100Mbps connection can generate!

Right, and once you have HUNDREDS of those...!!

Again, the solution to this is NOT just antivirus/antiworm programs that detect 
specific known ones.  All viruses and worms are at their most prolific BEFORE 
*any* A-V program detects them.  

The fact is that MOST users do NOT have a legitimate need (or even DESIRE) to 
receive executable programs as E-mail attachments (and those who maybe don't 
know better should be warned by a suitably dire-sounding warning message in the 
dialog box before they can be wheedled by a convincing-sounding E-mail into 
enabling that).  Once viruses can't use E-mail for delivering attachments...

You don't want what Outlook (now or soon) offers:  either .exe attachments or 
not.  Too many users will VERY RARELY need them, so enable them... :-(   You 
want it so they must be enabled for (only!) SPECIFIC INDIVIDUAL senders.

This creates a delivery window that's small enough that a broadcast virus or 
worm will have a very tough time navigating their way through it.

>   4) Infected Windows machines are now a major source of spam.  After
>      doubling the performance of our mail server in August we were
>      astonished to find only a few months later that it was being pounded
>      into the ground by the growing stream of spam related mail.

Right, and that's precisely why SPF, certificates, DNS modifications, and sender 
authentication schemes are ALL doomed to fail... because nothing at all prevents 
spambot zombies from sending their junk using the unwitting owner's legitimate 
sending credentials.

Windows machines aren't particularly more susceptible to this than Macs or Linux 
boxes are, other than their ubiquity makes them a more appealing target for 
hackers and spammers to target.

If everybody were running Linux instead, then we'd see all the same stuff 
happening on Linux.

>   5) Spammers frequently use bogus @UNIVERSITY addresses on their mail
>      and so all undeliverable messages are bounced to us.  We are typically
>      receiving over 1 million such bounce messages every day!  

Right.  That's part of why schemes that add yet more "authentication" traffic 
(challenge/response, DNS queries, etc etc) to the net as a way of dealing with 
spam are counterproductive.  Bouncing spam messages back to supposed senders 
(whether the return address is bogus or not) is also as a rule singularly 
unhelpful.

> Since the
>      spam mail that is the source of this problem originates from thousands
>      of infected machines there is no solution other than to throw more
>      hardware at it.

Even if you can identify where it "really" came from.

But that's also why we will never get very far controlling the spam problem 
unless and until we also make it harder for viruses and worms to infect 
machines.  My proposals regarding HTML and attachments and whitelisting them in 
a finely-grained way from approved senders provide a unified mechanism which 
goes a LONG way towards solving BOTH problems using one coherent, single-ended, 
easy-to-implement, recipient-controlled, immediate-gratification, high-payback 
common approach.

Again, the virus/worm problem isn't only just a throw-rocks-at-Microsoft problem 
(well, at least not for the traditional reasons) but would still happen in Linux 
or Mac boxes as well, if they were so ubiquitous as to present an appealing 
target for hackers.

>   6) When my desktop Windows machine at work was upgraded to Windows XP
>      the machine was infected before the installation was finished.  It
>      took four full virus scans and three reboots before it was clean.
>(end quote)
>
>  See #5.  The deployment of RMX/SPF would make a huge difference to
>this site.  The bounce messages from forged spam could be
>automatically scanned and discarded.

It SOUNDS like it would, but ultimately it doesn't help very much.

First, not all mail that passes SPF tests can be guaranteed to not be spam (due 
to zombie spambots that could send with appropriate credentials).

Second, mail that FAILS SPF tests can not be guaranteed TO be spam (vanity 
domains, traveling salespeople, mail from Internet cafes, Yahoogroups and other 
mailing lists, etc etc etc)

The fact is that you can't really say that "spam has forged From: addresses".  
Some of it does, today, even most of it maybe, but if you and everyone else 
block the mail that does you can COUNT on the fact that tomorrow, spammers won't 
do that anymore.

I don't think that forcing them to make that change is particularly helpful, 
either for spam recipients or for the victims whose E-mail addresses suddenly 
get flooded with complaints for spam they didn't knowingly send.

(How would it help your university (or the people involved!) if those million 
bogus messages a day, instead of falling on the floor or being bounced by your 
mail servers, all went into legitimate student or staff Inboxes instead?  Think 
about that for a while.)

>  This situation is not unique.  Spam (and insecure Windows machines)
>constitute a clear and present danger to the net.  

Of course.  Let's just make sure that the solution(s) that we propose are not 
worse than the problem they're designed to solve.

> I'm saddened to see
>my prediction of 3 years ago fulfilled: Everyone else's email systems
>will end up looking like mine; overloaded and useless due to the
>overwhelming flood of spam.

We all agree that there's a problem.  We just disagree (apparently) on what will 
and what won't fix it, and will or won't cause MORE of a problem in the process 
of doing so.

> --------------000601090602070901020908
Content-Type: text/html; charset=us-ascii
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit

> {!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
  {meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=ISO-8859-1">
  
One of the things that has been SINGULARLY unhelpful toward addressing the 
problem of overloaded mail servers is this plague of HTML-burdened "alternative" 
copies of E-mail messages.  It is rare indeed that these provide genuinely 
valuable additional content;  instead they usually are loaded with gratuitous 
graphic gizmos, Web bugs, possibly malicious scripting, misrepresented clickable 
links, and text-as-image designed to evade content filters.  While I'll accept 
that some folks can argue that their needs for HTML-burdened E-mail is 
legitimate, certainly a lot of it is not.  Mail with HTML-burdened attachments 
is typically 3x-5x larger than it would be as plain ASCII text.

If HTML-burdened attachments were removed from non-whitelisted senders' E-mail 
(and this would catch at least most of today's spam) then such mail would be 
70-85% smaller in volume than it is today.  

I'm NOT suggesting that "all HTML-burdened E-mail is spam" (although MUCH of it 
coming from unknown/untrusted senders is!).  

True, spammers will respond to the "sending HTML is the kiss of death" 
realization by sending their E-mail spam as plain ASCII text (which then is 
easier for filters to identify) but in ANY case, the size of the remaining 
plain-text mails is far smaller.  Like 75-85% smaller.  Win-win.



> It seems to me that there would be some of the following in a bulk email 
solution. Because, for sure, there are a lot of legit bulk emailers.

> a) an accreditation process which would include certification of a legit 
sender. The sender has to present himself/herself before a physical post 
office for example.

I don't want to see any solutions that result in some "authority" deciding what 
one can and cannot send.  That's just begging for censorship, and we've got 
quite enough of that already.  We need to have the freedom to send basically 
anything, INCLUDING mail criticizing the government or other censoring body.

> b) a bulk stamp purchase agreement is executed and paid for by the 
originator.

Postage schemes for E-mail is repugnant.  It's just a way to turn it into a 
profit center for those who control it.  When WATS lines were first proposed, a 
big part of the argument in favor was that 85-95% of the cost of a long distance 
phone call was the cost of billing you for it.  WATS (800-) lines were supposed 
to disconnect all that extra overhead, thus justifying the huge price reduction. 
 (Of course, that's not the way it worked out and it's most all still 
incrementally billed, but one can still believe the original "it's the cost of 
billing you for it" argument).

US-based phone companies have wanted for decades to bill individually for local 
calls (the way most phone companies in other countries do) but thankfully, we've 
managed to beat that back so far.  Let's not lose that (HUGELY important!) war 
in the E-mail space.

> c) a set of designated relay servers would be designated to "affix the 
stamp" on behalf of the originator, the bulk sender.
d) any relay could verify that a stamp instance as valid with a remote 
lookup; 

This "remote lookup" just adds more network overhead (and thus cost) to the cost 
of carrying ALL traffic, including the legit stuff.

[snip]

> Of course we must remember that bulk email is not necessarily bad. 
> There are many instances of legit bulk email (e.g. acceptance letters 
> from a college, bank statement notifications, etc.). So knowing that a 
> specific email is bulk is only half the problem, once you know it is 
> bulk there needs to be a determination as to whether it is legit or not.

Of course, spam could be NOT "bulk" mail too.  Ultimately, you want to test for 
and identify SPAM.  "bulk or not" might provide a (maybe minor) input to that 
function, but is NOT enough to identify (or identify as NOT) spam.

One can certainly envision a spambot worm that would periodically drop 
personalized one-of-a-kind spams into the infected machine's Outlook "outgoing 
mail" folder, possibly even complete with the owner's sig file, SPF or other 
From: address authentication, certificate even, and everything.  That's NOT 
going to look, most likely, like "bulk" mail, but it CERTAINLY is still spam.

> This is what Project Lumus, TEOS and some other mechanisms try to do - 
> whitelist or accredit legit bulk emailers. 

That's almost as repugnant as making sure that all the radio stations and news 
papers in a given market hew the same political philosophy.

I don't want to see "solutions" that result in some agency (whether public or 
private) deciding whether a given person or company's political opinion can be 
distributed to a wide audience or not.

> Of course, a single unified 
> framework of standard for the entire Internet on exchanging 
> accreditation and reputation data is something that might solve this 
> as well, so far there hasn't been sufficient interest in that area 
> (the SMTP-VERIFY subgroup was looking into it as some point).

Again, the problem is that an "accredited" machine belonging to a trusted user 
can easily be taken over by a zombie spambot and used to pump out spam.  

We want to identify and stop spam and worms, REGARDLESS of who sends them or 
why.

[snip]

>>a) an accreditation process which would include certification of a legit 
>sender. The sender has to present himself/herself before a physical post 
>office for example.

> Right.  There's a bunch of possibile reputation systems here, from
ISIPP's IADB o the proposed .mail domain

Again, it doesn't ultimately solve the problem.  You're creating a bureaucracy 
(which ultimately will become a too-powerful big profit center, just like 
NetworkSolutions/Verisign became for DNS) that eventually will become 
belligerant and hard to rein back in.

> You're conflating two unrelated things here.  Authenticating senders is
a fine idea.  That's what proposals such as SPF and Domain Keys do, with
no stamps needed.

It only SOUNDS like a good idea, until you realize that in the end analysis, IT 
DOESN'T SOLVE THE REAL PROBLEM.  And in the process, it creates a number of 
problems for legitimate users.

> E-postage is a horrible idea because it introduces more problems than
it is supposed to solve.  

This is true of MANY of the solutions we've talked about here.

> See my white paper at http://www.taugh.com
for a longer discussion of the insoluble problems with e-postage.

I agree that E-postage is a repugnant idea, and CERTAINLY DESERVES to be a 
non-starter.  We need to get a huge wooden stake and drive it through the heart 
of that one, to KEEP it dead permanently.


Gordon Peterson                  http://personal.terabites.com/
1977-2002  Twenty-fifth anniversary year of Local Area Networking!
Support free and fair US elections!  http://stickers.defend-democracy.org
12/19/98: Partisan Republicans scornfully ignore the voters they "represent".
12/09/00: the date the Republican Party took down democracy in America.



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Violently snipped; see interleaved comments

On Sun, 18 Apr 2004 10:49:02 -0500, gep2@terabites.com wrote:
>I'm going to combine my comments regarding several related posts on this thread.
>snip
>Once you identify the "real" machine where the transmission occurred, more 
>likely than not it will turn out to be a zombie-infected spambot.  So you get to 
>throw bricks at a fellow victim. 

No, not a fellow victim; a negligent abuse-enabler

>

>snip
>Perhaps it is, although it's hard to define "a bulk email event".  

This discussion on-point

>
>Rather than making mail filters poll a central site (these have in the past been 
>victimized by DDOS attacks), maybe one approach here might be to set up a 
>Yahoogroup that could be used to rapidly distribute these "disreputable domain 
>names" and IP addresses along with a utility which would add them to the 
>recipients' HOSTS files (and from there, to their incoming mail filters).
>
>> Just today, I was at a friends office and my outgoing email was blocked 
>because cliff.concentric.net is now on a spam list.
>
>Yes, and that's one of the problems with SPF, "authenticated users", 
>certificates and other such schemes.  Ultimately it's not very helpful to throw 
>rocks at fellow victims.
>
>[snip]
>
>>>   I mail-server I use regularly (Indiana University) has taken, in 
>>>response to worms and other malware useing .pif. zip, exe, etc 
>>>attachments to spread their damage, has taken the (IMO) rather drastic 
>>>step of blocking almost *all* attachments ...
>
>That's sort of the approach of Microsoft's new version of Outlook, where they 
>allow blocking by attachment extension.  That's better than nothing, but it 
>needs to be SOMEWHAT finer:  it needs to allow the recipient to enable specific 
>attachment types (and certain classes of HTML markup) to be received from 
>specific approved-and-trusted senders.
>
>>>  Coincidentally, another list I'm on had a post from the admin of a
>>local university, talking about spam.  Here's what he said.
>>
>>(quote)
>>   I don't support any Windows systems, yet I seem to spend a huge amount
>>of time dealing with problems relating to Windows non-security.  During the
>>fall/winter term we had to deal with
>>
>>   1) When students returned to Residence in September, at least half of
>>      their machines were infected.
>
>One of my colleagues recently dealt with a client whose system was "having 
>assorted problems".  Upon installing Spybot-Search-and-Destroy over TWO HUNDRED 
>instances of spyware were found on the unwitting user's computer.  There were 
>additional Spyware programs that SPYBOT S&D did NOT find, besides.

You have to use Bazooka and Adaware besides.>One of the things that has been 
SINGULARLY unhelpful toward addressing the 
>problem of overloaded mail servers is this plague of HTML-burdened "alternative" 
>copies of E-mail messages.  It is rare indeed that these provide genuinely 
>valuable additional content;  instead they usually are loaded with gratuitous 
>graphic gizmos, Web bugs, possibly malicious scripting, misrepresented clickable 
>links, and text-as-image designed to evade content filters.  While I'll accept 
>that some folks can argue that their needs for HTML-burdened E-mail is 
>legitimate, certainly a lot of it is not.  Mail with HTML-burdened attachments 
>is typically 3x-5x larger than it would be as plain ASCII text.
>
>If HTML-burdened attachments were removed from non-whitelisted senders' E-mail 
>(and this would catch at least most of today's spam) then such mail would be 
>70-85% smaller in volume than it is today.  

This is all documented.  It needs to be a new standard.  Feel free to
point offenders to <http://www.camblab.com/nugget/htmlmail.pdf>
(or send it to them)


>
>I don't want to see any solutions that result in some "authority" deciding what 
>one can and cannot send. 

Right, only community consensus should be applied.   It is doable.

The whole discussion needs to be recast from "make the victims pay by
coming up with solutions (filtering etc)" to "make the offenders pay".
The only way to do that is to refuse mail from spam-enablers.  It fixes
the problem immediately.  Again: <http://www.camblab.com/misc/univ_std.txt).

Spam would stop worldwide within DAYS if most of us, instead of whining
and coming up with impractical technical or legal 'solutions', would 
agree to do on the Internet what society does in every other field 
of human activity: ensure that actions have consequences.  It is THAT
SIMPLE.  (Any parent knows.)

Jeffrey Race


_______________________________________________
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To: ASRG <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: Usefulness of wholesale blocking of attachments for SMTP? (Lane Sharman et al)
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On 18/04/04 14:54 -0400, Dr. Jeffrey Race wrote:
<snip>
> >
> >Rather than making mail filters poll a central site (these have in the past been 
> >victimized by DDOS attacks), maybe one approach here might be to set up a 
> >Yahoogroup that could be used to rapidly distribute these "disreputable domain 
> >names" and IP addresses along with a utility which would add them to the 
> >recipients' HOSTS files (and from there, to their incoming mail filters).

This approach has been proposed previously on net.admin.net-abuse.email.
You will need a way to verify that the data is correct. Suggestions were
PGP/GPG signing the message.
Quite a few DNSBLs already allow access to the raw zonefiles via rsync.
It should be fairly easy to convert that data into a format usable by
the local DNS server.

<snip>
[reformatted line wrap]
> You have to use Bazooka and Adaware besides.
> > One of the things that has been SINGULARLY unhelpful toward addressing the 
> > problem of overloaded mail servers is this plague of HTML-burdened 
> > "alternative" copies of E-mail messages.  It is rare indeed that these 
> > provide genuinely valuable additional content;  instead they usually are
> > loaded with gratuitous graphic gizmos, Web bugs, possibly malicious 
> > scripting, misrepresented clickable links, and text-as-image designed 
> > to evade content filters.  While I'll accept that some folks can argue
> > that their needs for HTML-burdened E-mail is legitimate, certainly a
> > lot of it is not.  Mail with HTML-burdened attachments 
> > is typically 3x-5x larger than it would be as plain ASCII text.
> >
> > If HTML-burdened attachments were removed from non-whitelisted senders' 
> > E-mail (and this would catch at least most of today's spam) then such
> > mail would be 70-85% smaller in volume than it is today.  
Isn't modifying mail in transit bad?

> This is all documented.  It needs to be a new standard.  Feel free to
> point offenders to <http://www.camblab.com/nugget/htmlmail.pdf>
> (or send it to them)
> 
> 
> >
> > I don't want to see any solutions that result in some "authority" deciding
> > what one can and cannot send. 
> 
> Right, only community consensus should be applied.   It is doable.
> 
> The whole discussion needs to be recast from "make the victims pay by
> coming up with solutions (filtering etc)" to "make the offenders pay".
> The only way to do that is to refuse mail from spam-enablers.  It fixes
> the problem immediately.  Again: <http://www.camblab.com/misc/univ_std.txt).
I do agree with this point. However, the business community does not
want to agree to that standard. They would rather pay for a lot of spam
rather than possibly lose a single email. And until businesses
understand that blocking the spam enablers makes sense, this is not
going to happen.

> 
> Spam would stop worldwide within DAYS if most of us, instead of whining
> and coming up with impractical technical or legal 'solutions', would 
> agree to do on the Internet what society does in every other field 
> of human activity: ensure that actions have consequences.  It is THAT
> SIMPLE.  (Any parent knows.)
Consequences to whom? Sender identification methods attempt to identify
the sender so that appropriate measures can be taken against the sender.
Blocking based on DNSBLs stops supposedly spam supporting senders.

For most users, the need is to stop the spam without blocking legitimate
mail from the same host. This is what drives the concept of filtering
over using a DNSBL.

Devdas Bhagat

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From: "Jed Margolin" <jmsml2@jmargolin.com>
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: Usefulness of wholesale blocking of attachments for SMTP? (Lane Sharman et al)
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----- Original Message ----- 
From: <gep2@terabites.com>
To: <asrg@ietf.org>
Sent: Sunday, April 18, 2004 8:49 AM
Subject: [Asrg] Re: Usefulness of wholesale blocking of attachments for
SMTP? (Lane Sharman et al)


> I'm going to combine my comments regarding several related posts on this
thread.
.
.
.
.
> The best way ultimately to put a serious dent in spam (and worms/viruses)
is for
> it to be perceived as largely futile.  And if 99.99% of the junk (or more)
never
> even gets delivered to a human being, this has got to help achieve that.
.
.
.

I suspect that many spammers are the people who buy what appears to be
spam-in-a-box software packages offered in late-night infomercials.

If the legal system can't go after the people who are selling the
spam-in-a-box products, perhaps under the category of Truth in Advertising
the TV stations who air the infomercials can be required to add warning
announcements to the effect that, "The following product is used for sending
unsolicited commercial email, commonly known as spam."


Jed Margolin


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Again, I'll respond to several comments together (and with a lot of snipping).

>> Once you identify the "real" machine where the transmission occurred, more 
>likely than not it will turn out to be a zombie-infected spambot.  So you get 
to throw bricks at a fellow victim. 

> No, not a fellow victim; a negligent abuse-enabler

Perhaps, but they're still victims too.  The fact of the matter is that there 
are a lot of technically VERY clueless folks out there, and unless you've come 
up with some kind of magic pill they can take which suddenly makes them 
technically savvy, there are going to CONTINUE to be clueless types out there.

We need to simply make it very much harder for viruses and worms to infect those 
people's machines.  Closing the attachment transmission window (especially for 
executable-type attachments) to just a sliver of what it is today will certainly 
help a great deal.  SPF and other such schemes is unlikely to help very much at 
all, because those machines which DO get infected can send viruses, worms, and 
spam using their authenticated SMTP.  It's outrageous and irresponsible that 
nearly everyone's mail clients freely accept and allow people to receive and 
click on things like PIF files, which are virtually NEVER used for anything 
good.  .EXE files are likewise almost never legitimately needed in E-mail, and 
those who DO need it usually know why, and from whom they need to be able to 
receive such stuff.  

We will NEVER solve the spam problem if we don't get a major handle on the virus 
and worm problem, and A-V software is NOT the ultimate solution because it 
basically all works on the "blacklist" principle (i.e. "if we don't know about 
it (yet) then it's probably okay."  While A-V software is a valuable component, 
and certainly helpful in disinfecting a machine once it's been infected, 
hopefully we can come up with a solution that's better than just go around 
forever swatting flies.  Let's close the window!!

SPF, challenge-response, and other such infrastructure-disrupting schemes 
basically don't achieve that because they are based on an unrealistic base 
assumption:  that spam necessarily uses bogus return addresses, and/or is sent 
by "known bad" machines belonging to spamhauses.  The first of those can be 
changed literally overnight, and the second hasn't been true for quite a long 
time already.

>snip

>>Perhaps it is, although it's hard to define "a bulk email event".  

> This discussion on-point

>>Rather than making mail filters poll a central site (these have in the past 
been 
>victimized by DDOS attacks), maybe one approach here might be to set up a 
>Yahoogroup that could be used to rapidly distribute these "disreputable domain 
>names" and IP addresses along with a utility which would add them to the 
>recipients' HOSTS files (and from there, to their incoming mail filters).

I will point out that this is again just a component, since it is another "20/20 
hindsight" approach much like A-V software solutions.  At most it inconveniences 
spammers in that they must burn through a neverending stream of disposable 
domain names and IP addresses;  unfortunately, they HAVE figured that out and 
long-term this only will serve (if we can get the propagation delay short enough 
for the "bad list" updates) to dramatically reduce the useful lifetime (perhaps 
to just a few hours) of these disposable domain names and IP addresses.

>>> Just today, I was at a friends office and my outgoing email was blocked 
>because cliff.concentric.net is now on a spam list.

>>Yes, and that's one of the problems with SPF, "authenticated users", 
>certificates and other such schemes.  Ultimately it's not very helpful to throw 
>rocks at fellow victims.

>[snip]

>>>>   I mail-server I use regularly (Indiana University) has taken, in 
>>>response to worms and other malware useing .pif. zip, exe, etc 
>>>attachments to spread their damage, has taken the (IMO) rather drastic 
>>>step of blocking almost *all* attachments ...

>>That's sort of the approach of Microsoft's new version of Outlook, where they 
>allow blocking by attachment extension.  That's better than nothing, but it 
>needs to be SOMEWHAT finer:  it needs to allow the recipient to enable specific 
>attachment types (and certain classes of HTML markup) to be received from 
>specific approved-and-trusted senders.

>>>>  Coincidentally, another list I'm on had a post from the admin of a
>>local university, talking about spam.  Here's what he said.
>>
>>(quote)
>>   I don't support any Windows systems, yet I seem to spend a huge amount
>>of time dealing with problems relating to Windows non-security.  During the
>>fall/winter term we had to deal with
>>
>>   1) When students returned to Residence in September, at least half of
>>      their machines were infected.

>> One of my colleagues recently dealt with a client whose system was "having 
>assorted problems".  Upon installing Spybot-Search-and-Destroy over TWO HUNDRED 
>instances of spyware were found on the unwitting user's computer.  There were 
>additional Spyware programs that SPYBOT S&D did NOT find, besides.

> You have to use Bazooka and Adaware besides.

I wasn't aware of Bazooka, thanks for the tip.

>>>One of the things that has been 
SINGULARLY unhelpful toward addressing the 
>problem of overloaded mail servers is this plague of HTML-burdened 
"alternative" 
>copies of E-mail messages.  It is rare indeed that these provide genuinely 
>valuable additional content;  instead they usually are loaded with gratuitous 
>graphic gizmos, Web bugs, possibly malicious scripting, misrepresented 
clickable 
>links, and text-as-image designed to evade content filters.  While I'll accept 
>that some folks can argue that their needs for HTML-burdened E-mail is 
>legitimate, certainly a lot of it is not.  Mail with HTML-burdened attachments 
>is typically 3x-5x larger than it would be as plain ASCII text.
>
>If HTML-burdened attachments were removed from non-whitelisted senders' E-mail 
>(and this would catch at least most of today's spam) then such mail would be 
>70-85% smaller in volume than it is today.  

> This is all documented.  It needs to be a new standard.  Feel free to
point offenders to <http://www.camblab.com/nugget/htmlmail.pdf>
(or send it to them)

I've typically in the past sent a similar reply to those sending me 
HTML-burdened E-mail messages, and I think I have a similar discussion of the 
topic at my personal Web site too... ah yes, here it is:

 http://personal.terabites.com/htmlmail.html

I've stopped sending out the rant to HTML-burdened mail senders, for the most 
part, since I've configured my own incoming mail filter to simply strip out the 
HTML-burdened alternative attachments, and the great majority of the HTML tags 
(if any) in the main body of the E-mail messages.  Some senders are simply 
belligerant, some just don't care, and many are just ignorant.  It's just easier 
and more pragmatic to handle things at the recipient end, which gives the 
recipient the control at the level of their own systems.

Regarding the camblab document, I think it's quite outrageous that you have to 
individually configure specific folks to send them non-HTML-burdened E-mail;  it 
seems that by default, all these mail clients seem to want to deceive folks into 
sending HTML-burdened mail, even when they don't have any idea that they are, or 
what the implications are.  The DEFAULT should be plain ASCII text, and anything 
else should require special handling.  (And likewise, plain ASCII text should be 
the only kind of E-mail that comes in unless the specific sender is whitelisted 
to be able to send anything else).  

AOL, of course, is one of the big offenders.  And their users are almost by 
definition clueless enough that one despairs of educating them to be more aware 
and responsible.  Perhaps pressure can be put on AOL itself to change its 
defaults;  if enough people refused non-whitelisted HTML-burdened E-mail then 
maybe AOL would get the message.

>> I don't want to see any solutions that result in some "authority" deciding 
what one can and cannot send. 

> Right, only community consensus should be applied.   It is doable.

I hope so.

> The whole discussion needs to be recast from "make the victims pay by
coming up with solutions (filtering etc)" to "make the offenders pay".

The problem is that then you have to define "who are the offenders" and 
ultimately the best judge of that is the individual recipients.  Ultimately the 
best weapon that recipients have is to en masse simply refuse to accept or read 
mail which doesn't meet their conditions for acceptance.  As the savvy types 
that we in this group supposedly are, we should be able to help provide guidance 
for creating tools (and/or create them) which will prove workable, and which 
gives recipients a feeling of control again.  The worst thing is for them to 
continue the feeling of victimized helplessness and frustration that so many of 
them feel today.

Just about unique among the approaches I've noticed being discussed here, my 
solution:

  1)  puts the control in the hands of the recipient

  2)  almost totally closes the window for recipients to receive attachments 
containing viruses and worms

  3)  sets responsible default behavior so clueless types are likely to be much 
safer than they are today

  4)  is single-ended and could be implemented TODAY, it doesn't require any 
worldwide consensus

  5)  doesn't require any major changes in sender infrastructure

  6)  doesn't increase E-mail overhead costs associated with individual messages

  7)  fully supports mailing lists, discussion groups, and other important 
E-mail mechanisms

  8)  provides major incentives to return to plain ASCII text E-mail, especially 
for unsolicited messages, which would cut the bulk of such mail 
by something like 3/4!

> The only way to do that is to refuse mail from spam-enablers.  It fixes
the problem immediately.  Again: <http://www.camblab.com/misc/univ_std.txt).

So your dear sweet Aunt Margaret's system gets infected and becomes a spambot 
zombie.  Now the questions are:

  1)  Does she REALLY deserve an "Internet death certificate"?

  2)  How long should that punishment, once imposed, last?  

  3)  Do you really think that (if everything else stays as it is at present) 
she being forced to change ISPs and set up a new user account will actually make 
her LESS likely to be victimized again?  
  
  4)  Don't you think it REALLY makes more sense (cost/hassle/overhead/etc) to 
simply detect and trash the bogus spam (/virus/worm) E-mails?  

> Spam would stop worldwide within DAYS if most of us, instead of whining
and coming up with impractical technical or legal 'solutions', would 
agree to do on the Internet what society does in every other field 
of human activity: ensure that actions have consequences.  It is THAT
SIMPLE.  (Any parent knows.)

The problem is that there are way too many users who are clueless, and who are 
simply never going to learn to behave more defensively online.  Coming down too 
hard will drive them offline (they'll just give up) and it's not clear that 
that's ultimately either the way to educate them (hopefully, some of them at 
least) nor that it's better from the standpoint of the future of our society to 
have them stay offline.

>> Rather than making mail filters poll a central site (these have in the past 
been 
> >victimized by DDOS attacks), maybe one approach here might be to set up a 
> >Yahoogroup that could be used to rapidly distribute these "disreputable 
domain 
> >names" and IP addresses along with a utility which would add them to the 
> >recipients' HOSTS files (and from there, to their incoming mail filters).

> This approach has been proposed previously on net.admin.net-abuse.email.
You will need a way to verify that the data is correct. 

That's true, and clearly one doesn't want to have malicious types adding 
legitimate domains like google.com or yahoo.com to the "bogus" blacklist.

More serious is the problem of people with a tendency to add legitimate domains 
which have been victimized as the counterfeit "From" address on spams.  :-(

> Suggestions were PGP/GPG signing the message.

The problems with all such approaches I've seen is that a spambot zombie can 
send mail using all the authentication/certificates/etc that had been 
established by the legitimate owner of the machine.  I think it's ultimately far 
better to be able to identify spam mail by what is in THAT mail message, and 
limiting the amount of "damage" and "deceptions" that such mail can employ... 
rather than trying to reach some kind of "blanket" thing saying that certain 
people "of course" are (globally!) good.  That just makes those "trusted" people 
a more attractive target for turning their machine into a zombie.

> Quite a few DNSBLs already allow access to the raw zonefiles via rsync.
It should be fairly easy to convert that data into a format usable by
the local DNS server.

I'd like to see a solution which does not require additional network overhead 
for every E-mail sent/received.  

Although I'm not convinced of its great value as a longer-term thing, since some 
spammers are finding their way around it, one strategy that's still fairly 
effective today is to block E-mails as spam if they contain links or URLs that 
point at spam-promoted Web sites.  I don't know how long that will last as a 
useful discriminator.

><snip>
> [reformatted line wrap]

>>> You have to use Bazooka and Adaware besides.

> > One of the things that has been SINGULARLY unhelpful toward addressing the 
> > problem of overloaded mail servers is this plague of HTML-burdened 
> > "alternative" copies of E-mail messages.  It is rare indeed that these 
> > provide genuinely valuable additional content;  instead they usually are
> > loaded with gratuitous graphic gizmos, Web bugs, possibly malicious 
> > scripting, misrepresented clickable links, and text-as-image designed 
> > to evade content filters.  While I'll accept that some folks can argue
> > that their needs for HTML-burdened E-mail is legitimate, certainly a
> > lot of it is not.  Mail with HTML-burdened attachments 
> > is typically 3x-5x larger than it would be as plain ASCII text.
> >
> > If HTML-burdened attachments were removed from non-whitelisted senders' 
> > E-mail (and this would catch at least most of today's spam) then such
> > mail would be 70-85% smaller in volume than it is today.  

> Isn't modifying mail in transit bad?

If it were done without the consent of the recipient, yes.  

In my case, my policy is that I simply don't want the wasteful bulk of 
HTML-burdened alternative text attachments in incoming E-mails.  Lots of folks 
send those, and many don't seem willing to stop doing so.  It's nearly 
impossible (and certainly unrealistic, at best) to expect AOL users (as a prime 
example) to go to the substantial hassle of turning off HTML individually on 
each E-mail message they send.

It's simply more realistic for me to t-can all that unwanted junk as soon as my 
systems get their hands on the incoming E-mail messages.

If the senders don't want my systems to futz with the mail they're sending me, 
then it's real simple.... send it to me in a reasonable format to start with!

Now, I will agree that my mail filters go a LOT further in processing incoming 
E-mails than most others I've seen... for example, I actually strip out things 
like "free E-mail ads" and too-familiar gratuitous junk taglines too.  
Admittedly this changes the content of the E-mail message, and this would 
confuse things like encryption-based content integrity schemes and such.  That's 
a price that I'm personally willing to pay...

>>> This is all documented.  It needs to be a new standard.  Feel free to
> point offenders to <http://www.camblab.com/nugget/htmlmail.pdf>
> (or send it to them)
> 
> 
> >
> > I don't want to see any solutions that result in some "authority" deciding
> > what one can and cannot send. 
> 
> Right, only community consensus should be applied.   It is doable.
> 
> The whole discussion needs to be recast from "make the victims pay by
> coming up with solutions (filtering etc)" to "make the offenders pay".
> The only way to do that is to refuse mail from spam-enablers.  It fixes
> the problem immediately.  Again: <http://www.camblab.com/misc/univ_std.txt).

> I do agree with this point. However, the business community does not
want to agree to that standard. They would rather pay for a lot of spam
rather than possibly lose a single email. And until businesses
understand that blocking the spam enablers makes sense, this is not
going to happen.

I don't think you can truly control mail getting INTO the Internet... there's 
simply far too many ways to put mail into the system.  What you CAN achieve, I 
believe, is to simply make sending unwanted mail futile, by ensuring that little 
or none of it reaches its intended destination.  

Yes, it's true that there will probably always be "Internet vandals" who get 
their rocks off by loading the system just to show that they can do that, but I 
think that's really a separate issue and probably requires a different solution 
that we can talk about another day.

>> Spam would stop worldwide within DAYS if most of us, instead of whining
> and coming up with impractical technical or legal 'solutions', would 
> agree to do on the Internet what society does in every other field 
> of human activity: ensure that actions have consequences.  It is THAT
> SIMPLE.  (Any parent knows.)

> Consequences to whom? Sender identification methods attempt to identify
the sender so that appropriate measures can be taken against the sender.
Blocking based on DNSBLs stops supposedly spam supporting senders.

Again, I think that ultimately it achieves little to punish your fellow victims.

The great majority of the systems today sending spam are NOT doing so as the 
result of a conscious approval and awareness on the part of those responsible 
for the system(s) involved.

I agree totally that it would be a better state of affairs if everyone attached 
to the Internet were competent and savvy, but that's simply not realistic, nor 
will it be anytime soon.

> For most users, the need is to stop the spam without blocking legitimate
mail from the same host. This is what drives the concept of filtering
over using a DNSBL.

...and filtering is confounded by things like HTML, which supports things like 
text-as-image, obscured URLs, scripts that perform encryption/decryption of 
message text, possibly malicious ActiveX, and things of that genre.

This is a problem that will never be solved, IMHO, until we get a handle on HTML 
and attachments.  And, surprisingly I think, once we adopt an enlightened and 
resonsible attitude regarding those two features of E-mail messages, (and 
combined with a good content filter on what's left), a surprisingly large amount 
of the problem simply vanishes!

[snip]

>> The best way ultimately to put a serious dent in spam (and worms/viruses)
is for it to be perceived as largely futile.  And if 99.99% of the junk (or 
more) never even gets delivered to a human being, this has got to help achieve 
that.

> I suspect that many spammers are the people who buy what appears to be
spam-in-a-box software packages offered in late-night infomercials.

Those are the relatively clueless spammers, I think.  I'm far more concerned 
about the really devious and belligerant ones.  Some of those (like Spamford 
Wallace) have been driven out of the business (hopefully) by legal measures, but 
it seems there are plenty more that have risen up to take his place.  :-(

> If the legal system can't go after the people who are selling the
spam-in-a-box products, perhaps under the category of Truth in Advertising
the TV stations who air the infomercials can be required to add warning
announcements to the effect that, "The following product is used for sending
unsolicited commercial email, commonly known as spam."

Sure, although I believe those who send spam are generally quite cognizant of 
what they're doing.  And they just don't care.

Gordon Peterson                  http://personal.terabites.com/
1977-2002  Twenty-fifth anniversary year of Local Area Networking!
Support free and fair US elections!  http://stickers.defend-democracy.org
12/19/98: Partisan Republicans scornfully ignore the voters they "represent".
12/09/00: the date the Republican Party took down democracy in America.



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gep2@terabites.com wrote:
> Again, I'll respond to several comments together (and with a lot of snipping).
> 
> 
>>>Once you identify the "real" machine where the transmission occurred, more 
>>likely than not it will turn out to be a zombie-infected spambot.  So you get 

> to throw bricks at a fellow victim. 

>>No, not a fellow victim; a negligent abuse-enabler

> Perhaps, but they're still victims too.

True.  But victim or not, I _cannot_ afford to let a provably insecure 
source continue to spew malware or spam at our users.

If there are real users on that machine, our inline rejection notices 
will tell them how to get their problem fixed.

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From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@ox.org>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Usefulness of wholesale blocking of attachments for SMTP? 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Fri, 16 Apr 2004 18:32:05 EDT."
             <40805EE5.7060403@solidmatrix.com> 
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Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com> wrote:
> DCC (http://www.rhyolite.com/anti-spam/dcc/) tries to detect bulk emails 
> as do some other projects. This is not something that requires addition 
> to SMTP and is an separate protocol.

  Let's be aware, though, that many content filtering schemes and
black-lists have been caught adding entries to the list which do NOT
meet the publicly stated criteria.

  To put it another way, if you don't know what the criteria are, the
system is oben to abuse by insiders.

  Alan Dekok.


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Alan DeKok wrote:

> Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com> wrote:

>>DCC (http://www.rhyolite.com/anti-spam/dcc/) tries to detect bulk emails 
>>as do some other projects. This is not something that requires addition 
>>to SMTP and is an separate protocol.

>   Let's be aware, though, that many content filtering schemes and
> black-lists have been caught adding entries to the list which do NOT
> meet the publicly stated criteria.

That's a bit of a non-sequitor.  DCC and it's detection system is 100% 
automated.  It doesn't work by "adding entries" to a list.  Or, at 
least, you can't subvert it by "adding entries", because you'd have to 
predict in advance what the hash signature was.

>   To put it another way, if you don't know what the criteria are, the
> system is oben to abuse by insiders.

DCC source is freely available, so the algorithms and procedures are 
well known (to those who bother to look).

Doesn't stop the DCC owner from fudging the query system, but that's 
possible with _any_ anti-spam solution that relies on anyone else for 
decisions.  Subversion is a risk with _all_ anti-spam solutions except 
those you write yourself.  And perhaps not even those ;-)

_______________________________________________
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From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@ox.org>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Usefulness of wholesale blocking of attachments for SMTP? 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Mon, 19 Apr 2004 16:50:48 EDT."
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"Chris Lewis" <clewis@nortelnetworks.com> wrote:
> >   Let's be aware, though, that many content filtering schemes and
> > black-lists have been caught adding entries to the list which do NOT
> > meet the publicly stated criteria.
> 
> That's a bit of a non-sequitor.  DCC and it's detection system is 100% 
> automated.  It doesn't work by "adding entries" to a list. 

  At one point last year, Hadmut tried emailing Vernon off-list to
continue an on-list conversation.  The message was rejected, and
appeared to have been submitted to the DCC.  Vernon then admitted on
this list that he was blocking Hadmut's off-list messages, and
submitting that information to the DCC.

  That's censorship, not anti-spam filtering.

  On the subject of blacklists, I don't think I have to re-iterate the
political wars between blacklist maintainers, who cross-list each
other.

> DCC source is freely available, so the algorithms and procedures are 
> well known (to those who bother to look).

  Yes, but only the checksums are distributed, not the reasons why a
message resulted in a checksum being distributed.  It's run on trust:
You have to trust that other members of the system don't abuse it.
This trust problem is the same for any distributed system.

> Doesn't stop the DCC owner from fudging the query system, but that's 
> possible with _any_ anti-spam solution that relies on anyone else for 
> decisions.  Subversion is a risk with _all_ anti-spam solutions except 
> those you write yourself.  And perhaps not even those ;-)

  I agree.  Systems like spamassassin are slightly better from the
trust perspective. but may catch less spam than the DCC.  Spamassassin
distributes the rules to each user, who then can configure it to tell
him which rules were matched.

  Alan DeKok.

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Devdas Bhagat wrote:
> On 18/04/04 14:54 -0400, Dr. Jeffrey Race wrote:
> <snip>
> 
>>>Rather than making mail filters poll a central site (these have in the past been 
>>>victimized by DDOS attacks), maybe one approach here might be to set up a 
>>>Yahoogroup that could be used to rapidly distribute these "disreputable domain 
>>>names" and IP addresses along with a utility which would add them to the 
>>>recipients' HOSTS files (and from there, to their incoming mail filters).
> 
> 
> This approach has been proposed previously on net.admin.net-abuse.email.
> You will need a way to verify that the data is correct. Suggestions were
> PGP/GPG signing the message.
> Quite a few DNSBLs already allow access to the raw zonefiles via rsync.
> It should be fairly easy to convert that data into a format usable by
> the local DNS server.
> 

There has been talk about many DNSBL operators about a P2P distribution 
system or perhaps even using an existing P2P system such as FreeNet. 
Lack of commong protocols is a bit of a problem.

> 
>>Spam would stop worldwide within DAYS if most of us, instead of whining
>>and coming up with impractical technical or legal 'solutions', would 
>>agree to do on the Internet what society does in every other field 
>>of human activity: ensure that actions have consequences.  It is THAT
>>SIMPLE.  (Any parent knows.)
> 
> Consequences to whom? Sender identification methods attempt to identify
> the sender so that appropriate measures can be taken against the sender.
> Blocking based on DNSBLs stops supposedly spam supporting senders.
> 
> For most users, the need is to stop the spam without blocking legitimate
> mail from the same host. This is what drives the concept of filtering
> over using a DNSBL.
> 

Collateral damage is an issue. Another issue is the fact that blocking 
is not communicated to the sender in many cases but the messages are 
swallowed silently. As for community-based systems, rule of the mob is 
not always good.

I am not saying this approach is bad, rather it has issues that must be 
worked out. If all of these issues are taken into account, such system 
may very well do a lot of good.

For example, if there are standards for communications among ISPs and 
networks for both blocking and abuse reporting, this can improve things 
a lot. If the issue of colleteral damage is taken into account, it can 
help. If DNSBLs are run properly and accountable to the community, it 
will increase their accuracy. If community based systems can account for 
a possibility of someone subverting the system ("rule of the mob") they 
can become more widespread.

At this time it seems that senders and receivers will be asked to 
exchange credentials when sending email and matched against their 
reputation in third party databases. This can benefit from standards.

Yakov


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My opinion:

This sort of summary (repeated below) lays out very well how much
we're heading straight towards a sort of regulatory heat death.

Who is going to "certify"? On what grounds? How corruptible are they
going to be? Who gets to clarify and modify standards.

The point is that I'm not usually one of these free-market nuts, but
in this case I think anything but assessing some sort of charge is
total madness and doomed to failure. Ten years of going round and
round trying to come up with some way to beat what appears to nearly
be a law of physics has convinced me of that. That is, it's almost as
if we're talking about how inconvenient gravity is, crashes planes,
makes things heavy increasing energy consumption etc, so we should
form an IRTG group and vote for better regulation of gravity.

You'd just be creating a target of opportunity for the highest bidder,
basically, some sort of corruptible, content-oriented regulatory
bureaucracy which has to operate in an international arena.

Personally I think this group would probably have done their job if
they could unanimously or near-unanimously or at least with some
amount of force of conviction just tell the public we've studied the
matter and basically we're trying to do the impossible which is
regulate a free, valuable resource by some unworkable set of rules
either implemented via software or some unnamed vehicle of human fiat
(i.e., regulation, legislation, big men with sticks...)

As such, the only chance of beginning to tackle the spam problem
requires some sort of postage, simple charging, to simply make
resource usage reflect costs. For everyone. Analogous to paper postal
systems with, perhaps, some creative twists to reflect the low cost of
common usage, preferably thrown back to the ISPs et al.

Any other approach, upon some examination, seems to be an exercise in
trying to re-create, this time successfully, what 75 years of the
Soviet Union and other Marxist countries failed to accomplish (I
really don't mean to come off like some kind of right-wing ranter but
for the purpose of discussion and short-hand symbols the metaphor
seemed apt but I wouldn't suggest repeating it in a press release!)

	-b


On April 16, 2004 at 22:12 lane@opendoors.com (Lane Sharman) wrote:
 > Hi Yakov,
 > 
 > It seems to me that there would be some of the following in a bulk email 
 > solution. Because, for sure, there are a lot of legit bulk emailers.
 > 
 > a) an accreditation process which would include certification of a legit 
 > sender. The sender has to present himself/herself before a physical post 
 > office for example.
 > b) a bulk stamp purchase agreement is executed and paid for by the 
 > originator.
 > c) a set of designated relay servers would be designated to "affix the 
 > stamp" on behalf of the originator, the bulk sender.
 > d) any relay could verify that a stamp instance as valid with a remote 
 > lookup; forgeries would be thwarted because the stamp expires and other 
 > characteristics.
 > 
 > -Lane
 > 
 > 
 > 
 > 
 > 
 > Yakov Shafranovich wrote:
 > 
 > > Lane Sharman wrote:
 > >
 > >> What interests me is point of origin detection, identification and 
 > >> blocking. In other words, what addition to the SMTP protocol would 
 > >> make it possible to identify, for example, "unstamped email being 
 > >> sent out in bulk mode". Statistically, isn't it possible to identify 
 > >> an instance of a bulk email event on the net?
 > >
 > >
 > > DCC (http://www.rhyolite.com/anti-spam/dcc/) tries to detect bulk 
 > > emails as do some other projects. This is not something that requires 
 > > addition to SMTP and is an separate protocol.
 > >
 > > Of course we must remember that bulk email is not necessarily bad. 
 > > There are many instances of legit bulk email (e.g. acceptance letters 
 > > from a college, bank statement notifications, etc.). So knowing that a 
 > > specific email is bulk is only half the problem, once you know it is 
 > > bulk there needs to be a determination as to whether it is legit or not.
 > >
 > > This is what Project Lumus, TEOS and some other mechanisms try to do - 
 > > whitelist or accredit legit bulk emailers. Of course, a single unified 
 > > framework of standard for the entire Internet on exchanging 
 > > accreditation and reputation data is something that might solve this 
 > > as well, so far there hasn't been sufficient interest in that area 
 > > (the SMTP-VERIFY subgroup was looking into it as some point).
 > >
 > > Yakov
 > >
 > 
 > -- 
 > Lane Sharman
 > Providing Private and SPAM-Free Email
 > http://www.opendoors.com
 > 858-755-2868
 > 
 > 
 > 
 > 
 > _______________________________________________
 > Asrg mailing list
 > Asrg@ietf.org
 > https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg

-- 
        -Barry Shein

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My reactions to e-postage paper:

      http://www.taugh.com

1. Citing the failure in the 1980s of MCIMail et al is a strawman.

That was a very different time and their charges were outrageous and
presumed they had a certain type of monopoly that their customers
would have to pay to use. That is, e-mail was rare at the time outside
of the research/acadmic world, so MCIMail reflected the pricing of a
special purpose business service not a universal model.

This would be like studying car phone services prior to 1980 (I
believe the first car phones were introduced in the 1930's) to draw
conclusions about current-day mobile phone service. It was all just
too exotic and rare at the time to draw any meaningful conclusions vis
a vis the relative ubiquity and technology advancements of today.

2. Hashcash is just psychotic for so many reasons let's drop that one
   right here and never mention it again. We should call it the
   sphinxification of e-mail (but first, answer me a riddle...) Better
   left in ancient mythologies than built into modern e-mail systems.

3. The whole micropayments issue is a straw man.

Other systems can be described which don't require "micropayments".

The problem is you're way too hung up on spam from the point of view
the end-users, which, as dramatic and annoying as it is, is of course
the least economically portentous way to look at all this just due to
the sheer numbers and nano-value of individual transactions, hence the
straw man

The solution to a problem where some sort of micropayment system seems
inappropriate is to aggregate the problem, not declare it intractable!

You settle at the ISP level who in turn can do whatever they want with
that cost factor: Pass it on to customers directly by adding $.27 for
203 msgs this month (whatever) to their bill, not a big deal really,
or add $1 to the base cost and consider it a cost of doing business
(perhaps up to some limit if they're wise.)

Why don't we just argue, e.g., about whether the IETF should bless
unlimited versus pay per minute versus some service included then pay
for overage internet dial-up services?

Howsabout the whole damned phone system? Isn't that essentially a
"micropayments" system in many aspects?

Don't people feel a little silly arguing that the entire phone system
as currently constituted among several billion people world-wide
represents a charging/payment model which is easily (in a few pages of
this paper, apparently) ``proven'' to be completely untenable because
someone, somewhere might defraud it etc?

Now perhaps you're going to drop back to things you dislike about,
e.g., long-distance phone charges or how there have been trends
towards flat-rate systems etc.

SPARE US!

The claim was that charging per phone call, metaphorically, or per
e-mail, literally, was on the surface impossible and unworkable
etc. yet for the past, I dunno, 75 years, such a system has been in
place and in use by the majority of the world's population and remains
one of the most viable industries on the planet.

But this paper seeks to disprove that the bumblebee cannot possibly
fly!?

How much more arrogant can one get? To completely ignore the entire
world-wide phone system because it's inconvenient to the point being
professed?

This is intellectual slovenliness akin to the Augean Stables!

HOWEVER, this group shouldn't care about any such exact details or
whether they reflect on some sort of universally accepted indisputable
moral goodness right down to possible paper cuts end-users might get
paying their bills and subsequent deaths from gangrene.

Only that a "game", in the game-theoretic sense, is created which can
play itself out and seems inherently tractable and likely to gain some
acceptance (no one loves paying for anything but that can hardly be
offered as a proof positive that toll booths, taxes, phone systems,
etc cannot possibly be made to work!)

4. Counterfeiting et al wouldn't be such a problem if there were some
sort of economic value involved. It'd be a simple theft of service or
similar.

The problem right now is that e-mail has been created as a system with
basically zero claim of transaction value and in fact it has about
zero value right now.

So, under the current system, who exactly is supposed to get excited
and spend millions or billions of dollars to defend this non-value?

No one.

THERE'S NO MONEY IN IT, directly. And, frankly, little money in it
marginally.

So of course there's little interest or expense invested in things
like counterfeiting.

5. Therefore, the true costs are unknown.

Sure, and the true costs of spam are unknown, etc.

I don't think that's a good disproof, it would apply equally to just
about any proposal, it's nearly content-free.

6. Anyhow, since I consider micropayments a straw man there's no need
to deal with the idea that users hate micropayments except to point
out that the average person hates a lot of things like long-distance
charges or bridge tolls or parking meters but that hardly argues that
these are therefore impossible or even undesirable!

In fact I think that's the entire lesson to be learned from the
current spam situation. Devise a system that is utopian for everyman
and look what happens!

As I've said elsewhere, in years past I often wondered why the Boston
(and other but I live in Boston) transit systems aren't just free. How
much trouble must it be to collect the $1 etc, what good would come
out of free transit, people would leave the their cars home or at the
periphery of the city, etc., etc., etc.

Well, after dealing with spam THE SCALES HAVE FALLEN FROM MINE EYES!

That said, I will also add that regardless of whether there is some
sort of e-postage I'd strongly recommend to ISPs, as an ISP myself,
that they NOT manage that charging in a way that causes their
customers to hate them.

That would not be good for business.

Sheesh!

Seriously, it's been ten years, a lot of really smart people have come
up with absolutely nothing, technically, that even works a tiny little
bit.

It's time to go for an e-postage system that simply reflects the
resources being used.

And don't ask me what about "white hat" bulk e-mailers, I DON'T CARE,
the post office won't deliver their stuff for free, there's a reason
for that, why would this new regime be able to do any different?

-- 
        -Barry Shein

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From: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>
Organization: SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc.
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gep2@terabites.com wrote:
>>No, not a fellow victim; a negligent abuse-enabler
> 
> 
> Perhaps, but they're still victims too.  The fact of the matter is that there 
> are a lot of technically VERY clueless folks out there, and unless you've come 
> up with some kind of magic pill they can take which suddenly makes them 
> technically savvy, there are going to CONTINUE to be clueless types out there.
> 
> We need to simply make it very much harder for viruses and worms to infect those 
> people's machines.  Closing the attachment transmission window (especially for 
> executable-type attachments) to just a sliver of what it is today will certainly 
> help a great deal.  SPF and other such schemes is unlikely to help very much at 
> all, because those machines which DO get infected can send viruses, worms, and 
> spam using their authenticated SMTP.  It's outrageous and irresponsible that 
> nearly everyone's mail clients freely accept and allow people to receive and 
> click on things like PIF files, which are virtually NEVER used for anything 
> good.  .EXE files are likewise almost never legitimately needed in E-mail, and 
> those who DO need it usually know why, and from whom they need to be able to 
> receive such stuff.  
> 
> We will NEVER solve the spam problem if we don't get a major handle on the virus 
> and worm problem, and A-V software is NOT the ultimate solution because it 
> basically all works on the "blacklist" principle (i.e. "if we don't know about 
> it (yet) then it's probably okay."  While A-V software is a valuable component, 
> and certainly helpful in disinfecting a machine once it's been infected, 
> hopefully we can come up with a solution that's better than just go around 
> forever swatting flies.  Let's close the window!!
> 

I am not sure if it can be closed. The latest viruses are being sent 
around in ZIP files encrypted with a password which people still manage 
to open and encryption bypasses virus scanning on gateway level. Unless 
we throw out the baby with the bathwater - forbid all attachments, virus 
writers will always find a way around whatever semi-blocking technique 
we come up with. Same for HTML - unless all HTML is forbidden, I do not 
see how any benefit can come from it. But forbidding HTML will close 
many existing use cases which many companies and people do every day.

The biggest problem with this approach is that while it might work in 
theory, in practice I do not think we can convince any sizable majority 
of Internet users to accept it. This is the main problem with any 
proposal - aside from the idea itself, it must also be marketed and be 
convincing enough to be acceptable.

However, if you want to take a shot at it and write up a BCP document as 
a short Internet draft, go ahead. There is definatly a good use of some 
attachment blocking such as .EXE files.

>>>I don't want to see any solutions that result in some "authority" deciding 
> 
> what one can and cannot send. 
> 
> 
>>Right, only community consensus should be applied.   It is doable.
> 
> 
> I hope so.
> 

We must account for a possibility of a community system being subverted. 
Any system that does not account for that will be no better than an 
authority. There was a couple research papers floating around that try 
to address the same problem in P2P networks - the problem is solvable if 
it is taken into account.

Yakov

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Barry Shein wrote:
> My reactions to e-postage paper:
> 
>       http://www.taugh.com
> 
...

> Sheesh!
> 
> Seriously, it's been ten years, a lot of really smart people have come
> up with absolutely nothing, technically, that even works a tiny little
> bit.
> 
> It's time to go for an e-postage system that simply reflects the
> resources being used.

My single concern with e-postage is that in the real world bulk mailers 
do not break into post offices and dump their mail in, nor do they bribe 
people to go to the post office and put mail in for them. Because the 
Internet serves as a pervasive communications medium, it is very easy to 
steal or assume someone else's identity - much easier than any phone or 
real world postal system. Of course stolen phone and credit cards have 
always been an issue, but there are laws in place and sufficient 
disincentive exists to discourage it. That is not true in the digital 
world - stealing accounts is very easy because everyone is connected and 
many people don't know how to secure their computers.

I am refering to the issue of hijacked computers. With an e-postage 
system nothing stops a spammer from stealing Aunt Mary's computer via a 
virus and sending out spam with her e-postage account. Who is going to 
pay in that case? The usual response to that example is that her 
e-postage account will run out. This is basically the same as rate 
limiting and can be done today without resorting to e-postage. But rate 
limiting is not always possible such as when an ISP rents out the 
underlying connectivity from a third party. There was also a suggestion 
in one of the subgroups to write up a BCP describing how to do rate 
limiting.

In any case, while I am not a big fan of e-postage, there are people 
including some group members (David Nicol, etc.) who are working on 
e-postage systems. If there is a sufficient interest in the industry and 
the community at large, and workable systems exist that require 
interoperability, the IETF can step in and set standards for that. 
Otherwise, I do not see what the ASRG or the IETF can do for or against 
e-postage - it is simply not within the scope of standards at this point.

Yakov






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From: "Dr. Jeffrey Race" <jrace@attglobal.net>
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See interleaved comments

On Mon, 19 Apr 2004 12:40:23 -0400, Yakov Shafranovich wrote:
>> For most users, the need is to stop the spam without blocking legitimate
>> mail from the same host. This is what drives the concept of filtering
>> over using a DNSBL.
>Collateral damage is an issue.

Collateral damage is the OBJECTIVE.  It is the only thing
that gains the attention of the abuse-enablers.   This is proven
beyond doubt. 

>Another issue is the fact that blocking 
>is not communicated to the sender in many cases but the messages are 
>swallowed silently.

That is an RFC violation.

>As for community-based systems, rule of the mob is not always good.

No 'mob' is involved, but users who do not agree to have their
systems polluted.  Procedures are clear and public in the document I
drafted.

>
>I am not saying this approach is bad, rather it has issues that must be 
>worked out. If all of these issues are taken into account, such system 
>may very well do a lot of good.
>
>For example, if there are standards for communications among ISPs and 
>networks for both blocking and abuse reporting, 

There is ia standard; it is in the RFC pertaining to mandatory role
accounts.


Jeffrey Race


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From: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>
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To: Barry Shein <bzs@world.std.com>
CC: lane@opendoors.com, asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Usefulness of wholesale blocking of attachments for SMTP?
References: <20040413142358.BD50416DF5@mail.nitros9.org>	<4080584F.10503@opendoors.com>	<40805EE5.7060403@solidmatrix.com>	<4080BCD9.3000105@opendoors.com> <16516.12619.744345.929026@world.std.com>
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Barry Shein wrote:
> 
> Personally I think this group would probably have done their job if
> they could unanimously or near-unanimously or at least with some
> amount of force of conviction just tell the public we've studied the
> matter and basically we're trying to do the impossible which is
> regulate a free, valuable resource by some unworkable set of rules
> either implemented via software or some unnamed vehicle of human fiat
> (i.e., regulation, legislation, big men with sticks...)
> 

Some time ago I wrote an unpublished draft on this specific topic 
(http://www.shaftek.org/asrg/draft-irtf-asrg-ietf-role-in-fighting-spam-00.txt). 
In particular, my opinion expressed at that time was:

"Unlike the belief of many parties, both inside and outside the IETF,
the role of the IETF in addressing the spam problem is limited. Being
that the problem is fundamentally non-technical in nature, there aren't
many technical solutions possible to solve it. Even technical solutions
that address different aspects of the spam problem are not necessarily
relevant to the IETF's core mission as a standards organization unless
these solutions involve changes to existing standards or creation of
new standards. While the IETF has historically provided a forum for
discussion of many issues related to the Internet, and facilitated
various technical efforts, its primary missions remains to be
a standards organization and not the body responsible for solving
every single problem on the Internet."

Examples of standards work that can help with the spam problem somewhat 
are standards to let ISPs talk to each other easier and in more 
automated ways including abuse reporting standards and notifications of 
blocking; BCPs; etc. There are many other examples of things we can do 
but trying to solve the spam problem is not something that is possible 
in this group alone. However, we can still do standards work that can 
address parts of the problem.

> As such, the only chance of beginning to tackle the spam problem
> requires some sort of postage, simple charging, to simply make
> resource usage reflect costs. For everyone. Analogous to paper postal
> systems with, perhaps, some creative twists to reflect the low cost of
> common usage, preferably thrown back to the ISPs et al.

People do not hack phones or fax machines in the real world - it is 
simply not possible with the same ease as it is in the digital world. 
Another issue is convincing people to switch - the unlimited/free 
pricing scheme has been embedded into the psyche of Internet users to 
such extend, that it will very hard to convince people to switch. Even 
if you float the "no spam" flag, the first few pieces of spam arriving 
in their inbox, be it paid or hijacked, will break that idea very quickly.

ISPs also have to be convinced to spend money on supporting and 
participating in the e-postage infrastructure. Given the low profit 
margins they are getting today and the uncertain benefit that will be 
gained via e-postage, they will not run towards the idea so fast. This 
is why people have suggested to add some benefit to the mix such as 
"registered" mail, etc.

However, there are some people including group members that are working 
on the idea. If standards are required for e-postage interoperability at 
some point, the IETF can develop them. But to get to that point requires 
a workable e-postage system with many technical issues addressed, 
support from the ISP and IT communities, and users who are willing to 
pay for it and use it.

I would suggest that those who are interested in the idea put their 
heads together to address the technical issues, and start poking the 
industry to see if there is interest. So far, I am not aware of a single 
group that is working on e-postage, possibly because of lack of support 
in the industry and the community.

Yakov

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Dr. Jeffrey Race wrote:
>=20
> On Mon, 19 Apr 2004 12:40:23 -0400, Yakov Shafranovich wrote:
>=20
>>>For most users, the need is to stop the spam without blocking legitima=
te
>>>mail from the same host. This is what drives the concept of filtering
>>>over using a DNSBL.
>>
>>Collateral damage is an issue.
>=20
>=20
> Collateral damage is the OBJECTIVE.  It is the only thing
> that gains the attention of the abuse-enablers.   This is proven
> beyond doubt.=20
>=20

The road is littered with corpses of users who are unable to send mail=20
due to their upstream's upstream provider being blocked. There are=20
numerous cases where blocking a specific ISP or network has done more=20
bad than good.

In any case, just like beauty collateral damage is in the eye of the=20
beholder. I just don't think that most ISPs will agree to do anything=20
that may cause their users to complain about being unable to email their=20
grandmother. While for some of us the collateral damage is acceptable,=20
in practice businesses will be hesitant to do anything that may cause it.

This is the same reason why the top six ISPs do not use blacklists=20
en-masse but rather rely on their own internal blacklists supplemented=20
by third parties.

>=20
>>Another issue is the fact that blocking=20
>>is not communicated to the sender in many cases but the messages are=20
>>swallowed silently.
>=20
>=20
> That is an RFC violation.
>=20

If the mail is filtered after SMTP level and bounce address is suspected=20
to be false, some may argue that it is not. There is some work on a BCP=20
on that (Keith Moore?).

But in any case, the fact that a standard exist does not mean it is=20
used. Perhaps, we should look into how to better enforce existing RFCs.

>=20
>>As for community-based systems, rule of the mob is not always good.
>=20
>=20
> No 'mob' is involved, but users who do not agree to have their
> systems polluted.  Procedures are clear and public in the document I
> drafted.
>=20

Quis custodiet ipsos custodes=94 =96 =93Who will watch the watchers=94?

Laws are useless unless they are enforced, same for standards. Who will=20
make sure that the procedures you drafted are actually used in a correct=20
fashion? What happens if people start blocking ISPs and networks without=20
a good enough reason like some blacklist operators have done?

Additionally, what happens if a portion of the community colludes=20
against a specific network or operator? Why would this approach be any=20
better than the existing practice of blacklists?

>=20
>>I am not saying this approach is bad, rather it has issues that must be=
=20
>>worked out. If all of these issues are taken into account, such system=20
>>may very well do a lot of good.
>>
>>For example, if there are standards for communications among ISPs and=20
>>networks for both blocking and abuse reporting,=20
>=20
>=20
> There is ia standard; it is in the RFC pertaining to mandatory role
> accounts.

I assume you are referring to RFCs 2821 and 2142. They define the=20
postmaster@ and abuse@ addresses. However, it seems that in many cases=20
ISPs want to have additional mailboxes or simply do not honor the RFC,=20
which is why systems like abuse.net are used.

However, knowing where to send something is half the puzzle - it still=20
costs. If some automated solutions can be introduced that would allow=20
ISP's abuse desk systems communicate among themselves, that would reduce=20
their costs and allow for better handling of abuse reports.

As for blocking, there are not existing standards aside from RFC 2821=20
that cover it, and blocking is not being communicated until the SMTP=20
transaction takes place, or if the filtering is done post SMTP, it may=20
never communicated.

Yakov

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On April 19, 2004 at 19:28 research@solidmatrix.com (Yakov Shafranovich) wrote:
 > My single concern with e-postage is that in the real world bulk mailers 
 > do not break into post offices and dump their mail in, nor do they bribe 
 > people to go to the post office and put mail in for them. Because the 

Weaknesses such as these do not necessarily suggest an alternative
solution, other than perhaps doing nothing because nothing was
perfect.

 > Internet serves as a pervasive communications medium, it is very easy to 
 > steal or assume someone else's identity - much easier than any phone or 
 > real world postal system. Of course stolen phone and credit cards have 
 > always been an issue, but there are laws in place and sufficient 
 > disincentive exists to discourage it. That is not true in the digital 
 > world - stealing accounts is very easy because everyone is connected and 
 > many people don't know how to secure their computers.

I think one result would be that this sort of thing would become a
commercial crime with actual, measurable value, like toll fraud,
rather than the vagaries of time wasted or hassle/embarrassment/etc.

A widely deployed e-postage system would begin to create an economics
around spam fighting, something it sorely lacks now.

 > I am refering to the issue of hijacked computers. With an e-postage 
 > system nothing stops a spammer from stealing Aunt Mary's computer via a 
 > virus and sending out spam with her e-postage account. Who is going to 
 > pay in that case? The usual response to that example is that her 
 > e-postage account will run out. This is basically the same as rate 
 > limiting and can be done today without resorting to e-postage. But rate 
 > limiting is not always possible such as when an ISP rents out the 
 > underlying connectivity from a third party. There was also a suggestion 
 > in one of the subgroups to write up a BCP describing how to do rate 
 > limiting.

Similar answer. Right now if a spammer hijacks Aunt Mary's computer
and uses it to spew spam well, that's too bad, but so what (as far as
Ms Mary is concerned)? Other than some embarrassment etc.

Obviously one would hope that ISPs et al, someone in the loop, would
help and help forgive particularly in the beginning.

But as time goes on perhaps, finally, Aunt Mary will cease to find not
securing her computer just a source of funny stories to tell at work
about how some jerk used it to send 1M spams over the weekend until
she figured out what was the problem.

Yes, you have to assert some sort of appropriate value and tangible
loss, trying to be humane, in order for the public to take it
seriously, which may well be software vendors and ISPs taking it
seriously first (``sorry, we sense your system is not at a sufficient
patch level to send email safely, please contact our customer
support...'')

Who makes things right if Aunt Mary leaves her keys in the ignition of
her car and takes it out for a joy ride?

Well, insurance cos etc a little, but the cost and hassle is
sufficient that, unlike getting your computer hijacked, she's probably
pretty careful with her keys wherever this is even a small
possibility.

Anyhow, my point is, it's push/pull.

If we keep saying it has to be free and painless to be a victim then
interest in avoiding being a victim will be limited accordingly.

 > In any case, while I am not a big fan of e-postage, there are people 
 > including some group members (David Nicol, etc.) who are working on 
 > e-postage systems. If there is a sufficient interest in the industry and 
 > the community at large, and workable systems exist that require 
 > interoperability, the IETF can step in and set standards for that. 
 > Otherwise, I do not see what the ASRG or the IETF can do for or against 
 > e-postage - it is simply not within the scope of standards at this point.
 > 

Eventually there has to be some agreement on what the most tenable
solution is, or admission of failure to find anything worth anyone's
time pursuing.

-- 
        -Barry Shein

Software Tool & Die    | bzs@TheWorld.com           | http://www.TheWorld.com
Purveyors to the Trade | Voice: 617-739-0202        | Login: 617-739-WRLD
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Usefulness of wholesale blocking of attachments for SMTP?
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My major concern vis a vis e-postage is that everywhere we turn, from
so-called public opinion to rarified technical groups such as this to
journalistic exercises etc we see nothing but the tragedy of the
commons which is basically no one would "vote" for e-postage because
they'd rather have it free, period.

And everything else said on the subject, by most, is just working
backwards from that pre-conceived result. Fiddling while Rome burns.

If you think groups like this have a possibly unreasonable problem
with e-postage talk to computer/network trade magazine people. They're
making big bucks off all this free e-mail sending out alerts and ads
and newsletters (all with paid content) to their subscriber base (which
may include tens if not hundreds of thousands of former subscribers.)

Just wait until some of these proposals try to see the light of day in
a press gluttonizing on the status quo...

I've personally had trade mag editors call me for advice about what to
do about upwards of 25-35%, and rising, of their e-mailings being
blocked by ISPs et al.

I said, howsabout paying someone who has to carry your traffic to
which they snort, mutter how it's all opt-in (the words "opt-in" now
mean "you get whatever you want for free") and abruptly end the call.


-- 
        -Barry Shein

Software Tool & Die    | bzs@TheWorld.com           | http://www.TheWorld.com
Purveyors to the Trade | Voice: 617-739-0202        | Login: 617-739-WRLD
The World              | Public Access Internet     | Since 1989     *oo*

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On April 19, 2004 at 19:50 research@solidmatrix.com (Yakov Shafranovich) wrote:
 > > As such, the only chance of beginning to tackle the spam problem
 > > requires some sort of postage, simple charging, to simply make
 > > resource usage reflect costs. For everyone. Analogous to paper postal
 > > systems with, perhaps, some creative twists to reflect the low cost of
 > > common usage, preferably thrown back to the ISPs et al.
 > 
 > People do not hack phones or fax machines in the real world - it is 
 > simply not possible with the same ease as it is in the digital world. 

Perhaps you are too young to remember blueboxing?

Small boxes built from a few parts available at any Radio Shack or
similar which could be used to completely by-pass long-distance tolls,
in their more sophisticated versions could even be used to put long
distance charges onto others, typically companies' 800 lines, if you
knew the right incantations.

These boxes went around college dorms, for starters, like wildfire,
and this was in a day when having a boyfriend or girlfriend back home
could easily cost you hundreds of dollars per month in toll charges,
it was much more expensive than today so the appeal was enormous.

They were a big disaster for the phone system, millions if not
billions of dollars were lost, people were arrested and the system
eventually redesigned and a much changed system deployed on a rather
rapid schedule.

But one difference was that there was real, measurable money involved.

Another is that the phone system is somewhat more mature than the
internet.

 > Another issue is convincing people to switch - the unlimited/free 
 > pricing scheme has been embedded into the psyche of Internet users to 
 > such extend, that it will very hard to convince people to switch. Even 
 > if you float the "no spam" flag, the first few pieces of spam arriving 
 > in their inbox, be it paid or hijacked, will break that idea very quickly.

What convinced people to pay for long-distance calling or for toll
booths on highways?

I think your sense of consent is touching but not acknowledging how
such resource charging comes into being.

Given the opportunity the public would probably "vote" for free
broadband cable etc. Why not?! And no doubt, as you imply, make the
big pouty face at any suggestion otherwise.

But that's the point, the reality of economics has to penetrate
somehow.

My suspicion is that the way things are going either something is
done, or the RBOCs (and equivalent, PTTs etc) will own e-mail,
everyone else having gone broke on spam etc, and we'll be paying
15c/message just like SMS.

I bet your phone co won't give a lot of creedance to the big pouty
face about being charged for email.

Maybe I'm the only one, but I just don't think people realize how
close we are to the whole thing collapsing like that. And the RBOCs
etc not only can taste that victory, they consider it their natural
destiny.

Anyhow, it's something to consider as one fritters away time because
every suggestion is just not quite perfect.

I think the expression is: Rearranging deck chairs on the Titanic.

 > ISPs also have to be convinced to spend money on supporting and 
 > participating in the e-postage infrastructure. Given the low profit 
 > margins they are getting today and the uncertain benefit that will be 
 > gained via e-postage, they will not run towards the idea so fast. This 
 > is why people have suggested to add some benefit to the mix such as 
 > "registered" mail, etc.

Well, as an ISP it's interesting to hear you speak on my behalf.

I think the possibility of conforming resource demands (and consequent
costs) to resource usage would have a certain appeal.

-- 
        -Barry Shein

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>> We need to simply make it very much harder for viruses and worms to infect 
those 
> people's machines.  Closing the attachment transmission window (especially for 
> executable-type attachments) to just a sliver of what it is today will 
certainly 
> help a great deal.  SPF and other such schemes is unlikely to help very much 
at 
> all, because those machines which DO get infected can send viruses, worms, and 
> spam using their authenticated SMTP.  It's outrageous and irresponsible that 
> nearly everyone's mail clients freely accept and allow people to receive and 
> click on things like PIF files, which are virtually NEVER used for anything 
> good.  .EXE files are likewise almost never legitimately needed in E-mail, and 
> those who DO need it usually know why, and from whom they need to be able to 
> receive such stuff.  
> 
> We will NEVER solve the spam problem if we don't get a major handle on the 
virus 
> and worm problem, and A-V software is NOT the ultimate solution because it 
> basically all works on the "blacklist" principle (i.e. "if we don't know about 
> it (yet) then it's probably okay."  While A-V software is a valuable 
component, 
> and certainly helpful in disinfecting a machine once it's been infected, 
> hopefully we can come up with a solution that's better than just go around 
> forever swatting flies.  Let's close the window!!
> 

> I am not sure if it can be closed. 

I'm not sure we can close it 100%, but I don't know that we HAVE to.  

> The latest viruses are being sent around in ZIP files encrypted with a 
password 

Right, and that password sent (!) as an IMAGE file attachment.  Just to make 
sure that an A-V program can't readily decrypt the password and verify the ZIP 
file's contents.

Again, the solution isn't to blacklist the stuff that we KNOW is bad.  The 
better solution at this point is to WHITELIST the stuff that at least has a good 
CHANCE of being good (or, at least, not dangerous!)

> ...which people still manage to open and encryption bypasses virus scanning on 
gateway level. 

Right.  

A-V programs will NOT solve this problem.

> Unless we throw out the baby with the bathwater - forbid all attachments, 
virus writers will always find a way around whatever semi-blocking technique 
we come up with. 

The solution does NOT require that we outlaw all attachments.  What it DOES 
point to is that recipients should open the "permission window" to those trusted 
senders for the types of attachments that they are trusted to send.

By default, an unknown sender would be not allowed to send ANY kind of 
attachments at all.  They would have to send plain ASCII text, no attachments, 
no HTML, if they hoped to have their mail delivered.  

If they felt the need to send HTML or attachments, AND if the recipient 
concurred and trusted them, the recipient could enable the sender's permissions 
so that they could send the "trusted" classes of stuff to that recipient.

> Same for HTML - unless all HTML is forbidden, I do not 
see how any benefit can come from it. 

OK, let's explain.

The use of HTML in E-mail messages would be subject to similar permissions.

By default, an unknown/untrusted sender would not be allowed to use ANY HTML in 
their messages.

Whitelisted senders could send various types of HTML based upon what the 
recipient trusted them to send.  It could be as simple as a relatively 
unsophisticated sender just sending simple formatting stuff (bold, italic, 
underline, maybe fonts, etc) or it could be stuff such as embedded or overlaid 
(background) images, scripting, ActiveX, or other truly more advanced (and more 
potentially malicious) stuff.

Some corporate types really want to include very elaborate stuff in E-mail 
messages... interactive spreadsheets, SQL queries, OLAP cubes, etc., but 
certainly dear old Aunt Margaret doesn't expect her older sister Martha to send 
her sophisticated stuff like that from her room at the nursing home!  There's 
_no_ point in enabling those kinds of things for everyone (including bogus 
folks) by default.

> But forbidding HTML will close many existing use cases which many companies 
and people do every day.

That's why you want to enable those capabilities, SELECTIVELY, for those who you 
want to allow to use them.

The important thing is that you do NOT need to enable these more dangerous 
things GLOBALLY, and there is NO need whatsoever to accept them from people you 
don't know (yet).  It's really a question of setting up your 'selectivity 
window' (just as in a very selective radio tuner) so that you get the signals 
you want, and block everything else.

> The biggest problem with this approach is that while it might work in 
theory, in practice I do not think we can convince any sizable majority 
of Internet users to accept it. 

If it makes a huge difference in (their!) spam and virus/worm volume, I think 
they will be DELIGHTED to cooperate.

But another KEY point... they DON'T HAVE TO all become convinced.  This kind of 
scheme can be implemented for those who wish to use it, and they will derive 
FULL benefit from it, even if nobody else adopts it.  This is a MAJOR 
distinction compared to stuff like SPF, which only really works if (someday, 
maybe) most people are willing to subject themselves to it.

Another key aspect of my proposal is that it's pretty easy to understand.  An 
ISP (or for that matter, corporate IT department) who adopted it on behalf of 
their customers wouldn't have an impossible job trying to get people to 
understand it.  It can be implemented in a way that would make it quite easy to 
understand what it does, and how to control it to achieve the level of 
restrictions that each user deemed appropriate.

> This is the main problem with any proposal - aside from the idea itself, it 
must also be marketed and be convincing enough to be acceptable.

My idea could be implemented even just within a given E-mail client software (or 
as a local E-mail proxy-type antispam system) so you don't HAVE to convince the 
whole world to adopt it.  It works FROM DAY ONE for those who install it.

> However, if you want to take a shot at it and write up a BCP document as 
a short Internet draft, go ahead. There is definatly a good use of some 
attachment blocking such as .EXE files.

It's important to understand that my scheme DOES NOT REQUIRE any kind of 
"official standard" (and in fact, there are advantages to there NOT being a 
single implementation of the concept net-wide).  The way it's implemented can 
actually be a nice "product differentiation" feature of application software 
vendors offering E-mail clients or antispam filtering products.  This is 
actually another good advantage of my approach.

>>>>I don't want to see any solutions that result in some "authority" deciding 
what one can and cannot send. 

>>>Right, only community consensus should be applied.   It is doable.

>> I hope so.

> We must account for a possibility of a community system being subverted. 

Spammers and hackers will CERTAINLY try to do that.

If nothing else, they will attempt to get the gullible recipient to willingly 
deactivate their protection.  I've seen spams containing detailed instructions 
on how to deactivate "no-scripting" restrictions in Outlook...!  Rather like the 
"Aggie Virus" that tells you to manually delete all the files on your C: drive 
and then forward the E-mail to all your friends...!  The dialog box to 
acknowledge such a configuration change needs to include suitably dire-sounding 
warnings to dissuade the unwary from being terminally gullible.

> Any system that does not account for that will be no better than an 
authority. There was a couple research papers floating around that try 
to address the same problem in P2P networks - the problem is solvable if 
it is taken into account.

The more I look at and consider my concept, the more convinced I am that it is 
THE principal key to solving this problem, and doing so in a way that is 
long-term viable.  And the more I look at things like SPF, the more convinced I 
am that they are simply WRONG-headed... they just do NOT solve the real problem, 
and meanwhile cause new problems that might be even more intractable.

Gordon Peterson                  http://personal.terabites.com/
1977-2002  Twenty-fifth anniversary year of Local Area Networking!
Support free and fair US elections!  http://stickers.defend-democracy.org
12/19/98: Partisan Republicans scornfully ignore the voters they "represent".
12/09/00: the date the Republican Party took down democracy in America.



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gep2@terabites.com wrote:
>>However, if you want to take a shot at it and write up a BCP document as 
> a short Internet draft, go ahead. There is definatly a good use of some 
> attachment blocking such as .EXE files.
> 
> It's important to understand that my scheme DOES NOT REQUIRE any kind of 
> "official standard" (and in fact, there are advantages to there NOT being a 
> single implementation of the concept net-wide).  The way it's implemented can 
> actually be a nice "product differentiation" feature of application software 
> vendors offering E-mail clients or antispam filtering products.  This is 
> actually another good advantage of my approach.

I wasn't calling for an "official standard" only a document :) If you 
are convinced that your idea is good, than write it up and promote it!

Yakov

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[was Re: [Asrg] Usefulness of wholesale blocking of attachments for SMTP?]

Barry Shein wrote:
> On April 19, 2004 at 19:50 research@solidmatrix.com (Yakov Shafranovich) wrote:
>  > > As such, the only chance of beginning to tackle the spam problem
>  > > requires some sort of postage, simple charging, to simply make
>  > > resource usage reflect costs. For everyone. Analogous to paper postal
>  > > systems with, perhaps, some creative twists to reflect the low cost of
>  > > common usage, preferably thrown back to the ISPs et al.
>  > 
>  > People do not hack phones or fax machines in the real world - it is 
>  > simply not possible with the same ease as it is in the digital world. 
> 
> Perhaps you are too young to remember blueboxing?
> 
...

Touche, I forgot about the multi-flavored boxes, the Anarchy Cookbox and 
my BBS days come to mind :)

>  > Another issue is convincing people to switch - the unlimited/free 
>  > pricing scheme has been embedded into the psyche of Internet users to 
>  > such extend, that it will very hard to convince people to switch. Even 
>  > if you float the "no spam" flag, the first few pieces of spam arriving 
>  > in their inbox, be it paid or hijacked, will break that idea very quickly.
> 
> What convinced people to pay for long-distance calling or for toll
> booths on highways?
> 
> I think your sense of consent is touching but not acknowledging how
> such resource charging comes into being.
> 
> Given the opportunity the public would probably "vote" for free
> broadband cable etc. Why not?! And no doubt, as you imply, make the
> big pouty face at any suggestion otherwise.
> 
> But that's the point, the reality of economics has to penetrate
> somehow.
> 
> My suspicion is that the way things are going either something is
> done, or the RBOCs (and equivalent, PTTs etc) will own e-mail,
> everyone else having gone broke on spam etc, and we'll be paying
> 15c/message just like SMS.
> 
> I bet your phone co won't give a lot of creedance to the big pouty
> face about being charged for email.
> 
> Maybe I'm the only one, but I just don't think people realize how
> close we are to the whole thing collapsing like that. And the RBOCs
> etc not only can taste that victory, they consider it their natural
> destiny.
> 
> Anyhow, it's something to consider as one fritters away time because
> every suggestion is just not quite perfect.
> 
> I think the expression is: Rearranging deck chairs on the Titanic.
> 

With the current state of affairs I simply do not see how any kind of 
e-postage system would take off at all within a reasonable span of time 
even once all of the technical issues have been addressed. The same goes 
for any proposal calling for a major infrastructure overhaul - there 
simply isn't enough monetary or non-monetary incentive for network 
operators, software providers and governments to make a major change of 
that scale. It may very well be that the system may collapse due to that 
(which I personally do not think will happen).

However, lets step aside for a second. You are advocating e-postage, and 
  there are some group members as well as others in the industry that 
are doing the same. Practically speaking, would do you suggest? There 
have been technical problems raised by several members which have to be 
addressed in detail. Some of them may not be addressable until there is 
working code.

There is at least one group member (David Nicol) who is working on a 
e-postage system (pay2send.com). There is also BondedSender which is 
close to real e-postage. Would it be viable for all of the parties 
interested in e-postage to get together and start working together 
including addressing the issues raised and testing code, instead of just 
discussing the idea?

>  > ISPs also have to be convinced to spend money on supporting and 
>  > participating in the e-postage infrastructure. Given the low profit 
>  > margins they are getting today and the uncertain benefit that will be 
>  > gained via e-postage, they will not run towards the idea so fast. This 
>  > is why people have suggested to add some benefit to the mix such as 
>  > "registered" mail, etc.
> 
> Well, as an ISP it's interesting to hear you speak on my behalf.
> 
> I think the possibility of conforming resource demands (and consequent
> costs) to resource usage would have a certain appeal.
> 

Obviously I am not refering to you :) I was refering to other ISPs - I 
have not seen interest in e-postage from a sizable proportion of the ISP 
community. Of course Microsoft is interested in it as per Bill Gates's 
speech but they are also a software provider, so their interest may have 
a different motivation.

Yakov

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From: "Chris" <asrg@rebel.com.au>
To: "Dr. Jeffrey Race" <jrace@attglobal.net>, <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] Re: Usefulness of wholesale blocking of attachments for SMTP? (Lane Sharman et al)
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> >Once you identify the "real" machine where the transmission
> occurred, more
> >likely than not it will turn out to be a zombie-infected
> spambot.  So you get to
> >throw bricks at a fellow victim.
>
> No, not a fellow victim; a negligent abuse-enabler
>

No Not "a negligent abuse-enabler"

Simply a user of Microsoft windows

But don't be fooled if M$ fixes their game, nix derivatives will fall foul
of such problems. spammers and hackers always take the path of least
resistance which is currently windows.


Regards
Chris




> -----Original Message-----
> From: asrg-admin@ietf.org [mailto:asrg-admin@ietf.org]On Behalf Of Dr.
> Jeffrey Race
> Sent: Monday, 19 April 2004 4:25 AM
> To: asrg@ietf.org
> Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: Usefulness of wholesale blocking of attachments
> for SMTP? (Lane Sharman et al)
>
>
> Violently snipped; see interleaved comments
>
> On Sun, 18 Apr 2004 10:49:02 -0500, gep2@terabites.com wrote:
> >I'm going to combine my comments regarding several related posts
> on this thread.
> >snip
> >Once you identify the "real" machine where the transmission
> occurred, more
> >likely than not it will turn out to be a zombie-infected
> spambot.  So you get to
> >throw bricks at a fellow victim.
>
> No, not a fellow victim; a negligent abuse-enabler
>
> >
>
> >snip
> >Perhaps it is, although it's hard to define "a bulk email event".
>
> This discussion on-point
>
> >
> >Rather than making mail filters poll a central site (these have
> in the past been
> >victimized by DDOS attacks), maybe one approach here might be to
> set up a
> >Yahoogroup that could be used to rapidly distribute these
> "disreputable domain
> >names" and IP addresses along with a utility which would add them to the
> >recipients' HOSTS files (and from there, to their incoming mail filters).
> >
> >> Just today, I was at a friends office and my outgoing email
> was blocked
> >because cliff.concentric.net is now on a spam list.
> >
> >Yes, and that's one of the problems with SPF, "authenticated users",
> >certificates and other such schemes.  Ultimately it's not very
> helpful to throw
> >rocks at fellow victims.
> >
> >[snip]
> >
> >>>   I mail-server I use regularly (Indiana University) has taken, in
> >>>response to worms and other malware useing .pif. zip, exe, etc
> >>>attachments to spread their damage, has taken the (IMO) rather drastic
> >>>step of blocking almost *all* attachments ...
> >
> >That's sort of the approach of Microsoft's new version of
> Outlook, where they
> >allow blocking by attachment extension.  That's better than
> nothing, but it
> >needs to be SOMEWHAT finer:  it needs to allow the recipient to
> enable specific
> >attachment types (and certain classes of HTML markup) to be
> received from
> >specific approved-and-trusted senders.
> >
> >>>  Coincidentally, another list I'm on had a post from the admin of a
> >>local university, talking about spam.  Here's what he said.
> >>
> >>(quote)
> >>   I don't support any Windows systems, yet I seem to spend a
> huge amount
> >>of time dealing with problems relating to Windows non-security.
>  During the
> >>fall/winter term we had to deal with
> >>
> >>   1) When students returned to Residence in September, at least half of
> >>      their machines were infected.
> >
> >One of my colleagues recently dealt with a client whose system
> was "having
> >assorted problems".  Upon installing Spybot-Search-and-Destroy
> over TWO HUNDRED
> >instances of spyware were found on the unwitting user's
> computer.  There were
> >additional Spyware programs that SPYBOT S&D did NOT find, besides.
>
> You have to use Bazooka and Adaware besides.>One of the things
> that has been
> SINGULARLY unhelpful toward addressing the
> >problem of overloaded mail servers is this plague of
> HTML-burdened "alternative"
> >copies of E-mail messages.  It is rare indeed that these provide
> genuinely
> >valuable additional content;  instead they usually are loaded
> with gratuitous
> >graphic gizmos, Web bugs, possibly malicious scripting,
> misrepresented clickable
> >links, and text-as-image designed to evade content filters.
> While I'll accept
> >that some folks can argue that their needs for HTML-burdened E-mail is
> >legitimate, certainly a lot of it is not.  Mail with
> HTML-burdened attachments
> >is typically 3x-5x larger than it would be as plain ASCII text.
> >
> >If HTML-burdened attachments were removed from non-whitelisted
> senders' E-mail
> >(and this would catch at least most of today's spam) then such
> mail would be
> >70-85% smaller in volume than it is today.
>
> This is all documented.  It needs to be a new standard.  Feel free to
> point offenders to <http://www.camblab.com/nugget/htmlmail.pdf>
> (or send it to them)
>
>
> >
> >I don't want to see any solutions that result in some
> "authority" deciding what
> >one can and cannot send.
>
> Right, only community consensus should be applied.   It is doable.
>
> The whole discussion needs to be recast from "make the victims pay by
> coming up with solutions (filtering etc)" to "make the offenders pay".
> The only way to do that is to refuse mail from spam-enablers.  It fixes
> the problem immediately.  Again:
> <http://www.camblab.com/misc/univ_std.txt).
>
> Spam would stop worldwide within DAYS if most of us, instead of whining
> and coming up with impractical technical or legal 'solutions', would
> agree to do on the Internet what society does in every other field
> of human activity: ensure that actions have consequences.  It is THAT
> SIMPLE.  (Any parent knows.)
>
> Jeffrey Race
>
>
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg


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>>>However, if you want to take a shot at it and write up a BCP document as 
> a short Internet draft, go ahead. There is definatly a good use of some 
> attachment blocking such as .EXE files.

>> It's important to understand that my scheme DOES NOT REQUIRE any kind of 
> "official standard" (and in fact, there are advantages to there NOT being a 
> single implementation of the concept net-wide).  The way it's implemented can 
> actually be a nice "product differentiation" feature of application software 
> vendors offering E-mail clients or antispam filtering products.  This is 
> actually another good advantage of my approach.

> I wasn't calling for an "official standard" only a document :) 

What kind of formalities do I need to adhere to to produce such "a document"?

> If you are convinced that your idea is good, 

I am!!!

> than write it up and promote it!

I've been discussing it at various places, besides just here, including a 
sequence of commentary on Ziff-Davis' PC Magazine discussion forum in a thread 
called "Stopping Spam".

There are about 46 messages in that thread so far, fairly worth reading I think. 
 It includes a lot of discussion about SPF-type and other SMTP-authentication 
approaches.

Gordon Peterson                  http://personal.terabites.com/
1977-2002  Twenty-fifth anniversary year of Local Area Networking!
Support free and fair US elections!  http://stickers.defend-democracy.org
12/19/98: Partisan Republicans scornfully ignore the voters they "represent".
12/09/00: the date the Republican Party took down democracy in America.



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> I am refering to the issue of hijacked computers.  With an e-postage
> system nothing stops a spammer from stealing Aunt Mary's computer via
> a virus and sending out spam with her e-postage account.  Who is
> going to pay in that case?

Aunt Mary.

There _has_ to be a nontrivial cost to running a grossly insecure
system, or it will continue to be near-universally done.

Same as if Aunt Mary doesn't lock her car and someone swipes it for a
joyride; Aunt Mary pays (in various ways, not all monetary, and not
necessarily equal any damage done, but she pays).

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[bzs, mostly just being bzs, but a few points seem worth replying to]
> What convinced people to pay for long-distance calling or for toll
> booths on highways?

Because the company owning the long-distance network refused to let it
be used without payment.  Because the governments building the highways
decided to impose the toll booths.

More generally, because the owner of the infrastructure demanded the
payment before letting it be used that way.

The same mechanism is paying for email right now.  (Whether the fee
structure in use - which, for most people, makes email _incrementally_
free - is appropriate is a separate issue.)

> My suspicion is that the way things are going either something is
> done, or the RBOCs (and equivalent, PTTs etc) will own e-mail,
> everyone else having gone broke on spam etc, and we'll be paying
> 15c/message just like SMS.

You're forgetting the major difference that makes your analogy invalid:
with email the underlying infrastructure (the Internet) is used for
_many_ other things, whereas the highways, the long-distance networks,
did not have many other concurrent uses in place.

It is not the Internet that is in danger of imminent collapse, only
email.  (I'm actually not sure even email is, but I'm letting you have
that, arguendo.)

The telcos won't "own" email unless they lock down the Internet links
and require that only traffic they can identify is carried, and demand
payment for email.

> Maybe I'm the only one, but I just don't think people realize how
> close we are to the whole thing collapsing like that.

I don't think "the whole thing" is in any danger of imminent collapse.
At least not unless your "whole thing" is the "anyone to anyone,
anything, anytime" email system - and in that case, it's already dead.

> Anyhow, it's something to consider as one fritters away time because
> every suggestion is just not quite perfect.

> I think the expression is: Rearranging deck chairs on the Titanic.

Indeed.  So what are _you_ doing about it?  Or are you joining us in
rearranging the deck chairs while criticizing us for it?

> I think the possibility of conforming resource demands (and
> consequent costs) to resource usage would have a certain appeal.

It does.  Unfortunately, in forms like e-postage (even going so far as
to grant its possibility) it has the even bigger (at least for me)
negative appeal of breaking most of the things that make email so
valuable to me.

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> No Not "a negligent abuse-enabler"

> Simply a user of Microsoft windows

What's the difference?

That's rather flip, but I'm basically serious: except for a very few
people who are good enough to lock down their Windows - so few as to be
statistically ignorable - I see the second set as a subset of the
first.  Running software from a company with a long history of
producing grossly insecure software, in a security-critical function
(like the operating system!), on a known-hostile net, _is_ being a
negligent abuse-enabler.

> But don't be fooled if M$ fixes their game, nix derivatives will fall
> foul of such problems.

Less so, I believe.  It is significantly harder, if onjly because the
Unix world is much less monocultural.

> spammers and hackers always take the path of least resistance which
> is currently windows.

Spammers generally do, yes.  Hackers often don't; it's fairly common
for a hacker faced with an uninteresting problem to generalize it
enough to make it interesting, solve the new (and significantly harder)
problem, and thereby solve the original problem as a special case.
This is hardly the path of least resistance.  Also, many hackers have a
rather compelling sense of aesthetics, and want a solution that they
consider aesthetic, even if it is a good deal more work.  For example,
this is why I'm writing my own ssh implementation.  (This aspect of the
hacker personality may be somewhat off-topic, though, as its only
relevance to spam I can see involves building anti-spam software.)

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As per MARID charter, the IRTF chair and the chairs of the ASRG received 
a request from the IESG to submit the LMAP proposals and the LMAP 
discussion document to the RFC Editor for publication.

We are planning on submitting the proposals as experimental RFCs and the 
LMAP discussion document as informational RFC. The following proposals 
will be submitted:

MTAMARK - draft-stumpf-dns-mtamark-01.txt
DRIP - draft-brand-drip-02.txt
RMX - draft-danisch-dns-rr-smtp-03.txt
DMP - draft-fecyk-dmp-01.txt
SPF - draft-mengwong-spf-00.txt
FSV - draft-levine-fsv-00.txt

Comments on this should be sent to the main ASRG list.

Sincerely,
Yakov Shafranovich
Co-Chair, ASRG

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From: "John R Levine" <johnl@taugh.com>
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Subject: [Asrg] Re: the e-postage argument
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Hi.  It's me, Mr. epostage-can't-work.

I need to keep rewriting my epostage paper to make the fundamental points
clearer.  The three big issues are transaction costs, settlements, and
identity.  Another is that no postage scheme in the history of mankind has
existed to deter use rather than to pay delivery costs, but let's skip
that one and decide to innovate.

The transaction cost issue is the simplest: any kind of e-postage system
is going to need a transaction per message to check the stamps.  Spammers
are going to put bogus e-postage on their mail, and the only way to see if
an e-stamp is valid is to check with the issuer.  Even if you use a crypto
signature scheme to see if the stamp is real, you still need to ask issuer
if it's already been used somewhere else.  I have yet to see a faintly
plausible plan that would build and pay for a transaction system big
enough to handle the world's e-mail.  I'm not talking about settlements
here, just whether the stamp is OK.  The biggest transaction system to
date is the one for Master Card and Visa, and it's both too small and too
expensive by several orders of magnitude each.

> You settle at the ISP level ...

Settlements: You run an ISP, you tell us.  There are something like 5000
ISPs in the U.S. and probably at least that many outside the U.S.  Are you
going to send out 5000 checks every month for your settlements?  (Or net
it out with each, so it's on average only 2500.)  How are you going to
keep track of whether the other ISPs have paid up, and if they don't, what
will you do about it?  You can't wave these issues away, these are the
nuts and bolts that make a payment system work or not, and if you don't
shut down the deadbeats, the e-postage stops being real money.

If the ISPs do the settlements on behalf of their customers, the ISPs are
acting as banks, with all of the fraud and default problems that regular
banks have, and which they spend a lot of money to handle.  Real banks
handle the clearing problem with centralized clearing systems they all
join, Mastercard/Visa for credit cards, NYCE, Cirrus, and PLUS for ATM
transactions, and the Federal Reserve for checks.  These all cost a lot
more per transaction than any likely e-postage system will collect, and
are designed in a world where the vast majority of transactions are OK and
you handle the bad ones as exceptions, which doesn't impress me as a good
model for an environment where spam is 80% of all mail and growing.

Even worse, what about the ISPs that aren't in the US?  How do you send
50 cents to each of five ISPs in Bangladesh?  Credit cards?

Identity: lots of people have pointed out the zombie problem, that
spammers will hijack Aunt Betsy's computer and charge the postage to her.
The response I usually hear from epostage enthusiasts is that Aunt Betsy
won't let the zombies on her PC once she's had to pay a few hundred bucks
in spam epostage.  Based on my observation of the real world, that's not
gonna happen.  Every month you see the predictable story about some loser
whose PC got misconfigured or got a Moldavian dialer installed or
something, and was shocked to get a thousand dollar phone bill.  Do they
actually pay the thousand bucks?  Never.  They negotiate it down, stiff
the phone company, or something.  ISPs would be stuck in a no-win
situation where their customers will hate them if they try to collect, and
their e-mail peers will hate them if they don't.


> Howsabout the whole damned phone system? Isn't that essentially a
> "micropayments" system in many aspects?

In some, yes, in others, no.  It differs from e-mail in that it's a closed
system, with relatively few players, rather stringent barriers to entry
and really complicated financial settlements that start with the
difference between "bill and keep" and "reciprocal compensation" and get
worse from there, with the ITU, an impenetrable government
meta-bureacracy, in the middle.

> Don't people feel a little silly arguing that the entire phone system
> as currently constituted among several billion people world-wide
> represents a charging/payment model which is easily (in a few pages of
> this paper, apparently) ``proven'' to be completely untenable because
> someone, somewhere might defraud it etc?

You must have read some other paper than the one I wrote, because I never
said or implied that.

Here's a thought experiment: imagine that you run a store in some part of
the wild west, and 90% of the cash that people offer you to pay for stuff
is bogus.  How are you going to handle transactions?  How long will you
spend examining each coin?  Will you refuse to do business with anyone
who's offered you bogus money?  What about people who've gotten it in
change somewhere else and didn't notice?  This is the environment
e-postage has to face, not a little fraud, but vastly more bogus
transactions (at least attempted ones) than real ones.  I don't know of
any financial system that works in an environment like that.

> It's time to go for an e-postage system that simply reflects the
> resources being used.

OK, so build one.  I don't know how to build one where the transaction
costs aren't 10 times greater than the costs that the transactions are
supposed to cover, despite a decade of micropayment research, but maybe
we've overlooked something.  I think we all agree that it's not going to
sit on top of SMTP mail, so someone should take a tip from the phone
system, build a closed system that you can only get into by spending a
hundred grand and being approved by the club that runs it, and give the
end users a nice point and click program that runs on Redmond Crudware yet
isn't going to be instantly subverted through the weekly egregious system
security hole.  People will rush to use it.  Right?

Regards,
John Levine, johnl@taugh.com, Taughannock Networks, Trumansburg NY
"I dropped the toothpaste", said Tom, crestfallenly.

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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: Usefulness of wholesale blocking of attachments for SMTP? (Lane Sharman et al) 
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Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com> wrote:
> Laws are useless unless they are enforced, same for standards. Who will
> make sure that the procedures you drafted are actually used in a correct
> fashion?

  Everybody else.  There's no need for a central organization if
everybody, individually, decides to enforce the standards.  See the
deployment of a new protocol:  All that's required is software for
people to use, and people willing to use it.

> What happens if people start blocking ISPs and networks without a
> good enough reason like some blacklist operators have done?

  Anyone can block traffic to/from their site for their own reasons.

> Additionally, what happens if a portion of the community colludes
> against a specific network or operator? 

  As in the Usenet Death Penalty?  What happens is that the operator
fixes their problems.

> > There is ia standard; it is in the RFC pertaining to mandatory role
> > accounts.
> 
> I assume you are referring to RFCs 2821 and 2142. They define the
> postmaster@ and abuse@ addresses. However, it seems that in many cases
> ISPs want to have additional mailboxes or simply do not honor the RFC,
> which is why systems like abuse.net are used.

  So why are those sites still on the net?

  The answer is clear: there is no penalty for violating RFC's, for
abusing the net, or for attacking other net users.  Therefore there is
no negative feedback to minimize these activities.

  Every engineer should know that systems without negative feedback
generally devolve into chaos, and die.

  Alan DeKok.

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Barry Shein <bzs@world.std.com> wrote:
> But one difference was that there was real, measurable money involved.

  Which meant that the maintainers of the phone system had an
incentive to change the system.

> Another is that the phone system is somewhat more mature than the
> internet.

  The "maturation" of the phone system involved separating control &
data paths.  Captain Crunch whistles can be blown into a handset until
your face turns red, and nothing will happen.

  It's difficult to change the Internet now, to separate control &
data paths.  As if the billions of dollars required isn't enough, the
underlying philosophy of "end-to-end" communication means that any
such attempt will be strongly opposed.

  Think of the Internet as a phone system where almost anyone can hook
up a switch, where blue boxes come standard with most payphones, and
where most payphones have a button labelled "press here to dial
without inserting a quarter".  No one should be surprised that the
resulting system is a mess of abuse and fraud.

> Given the opportunity the public would probably "vote" for free
> broadband cable etc. Why not?! 

  It's called "free bread and circuses".  It goes back to the Roman
days.

  In contrast, the phone systems could be upgraded not only for the
reasons stated above, but also because they were owned by the phone
company, there were relatively few switches, and the switch<->payphone
protocol didn't have to be changed when the switches were upgraded.

  Alan DeKok.

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Subject: RE: [Asrg] Re: the e-postage argument
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From: "Bob Atkinson" <bobatk@exchange.microsoft.com>
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An implicit assumption in this discussion is that in the ePostage model
money must flow from sender to receiver.

While that is an attractive model for many reasons, there are other
models in which rather than in-band per message, the money instead flows
out of band up front, and presumably more in bulk, though likely not to
message recipients. In such designs, many of the constraints articulated
below are alleviated.

Indeed, if you think about it, this is more directly analogous to the
gummed-paper physical postage stamps we all know and love.

I'm not here expressing a preference for these systems, only pointing
out that the design surface is larger than was being discussed.

	Bob

-----Original Message-----
From: asrg-admin@ietf.org [mailto:asrg-admin@ietf.org] On Behalf Of John
R Levine
Sent: Tuesday, April 20, 2004 12:57 AM
To: Barry Shein
Cc: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: [Asrg] Re: the e-postage argument

Hi.  It's me, Mr. epostage-can't-work.

I need to keep rewriting my epostage paper to make the fundamental
points
clearer.  The three big issues are transaction costs, settlements, and
identity.  Another is that no postage scheme in the history of mankind
has
existed to deter use rather than to pay delivery costs, but let's skip
that one and decide to innovate.

The transaction cost issue is the simplest: any kind of e-postage system
is going to need a transaction per message to check the stamps.
Spammers
are going to put bogus e-postage on their mail, and the only way to see
if
an e-stamp is valid is to check with the issuer.  Even if you use a
crypto
signature scheme to see if the stamp is real, you still need to ask
issuer
if it's already been used somewhere else.  I have yet to see a faintly
plausible plan that would build and pay for a transaction system big
enough to handle the world's e-mail.  I'm not talking about settlements
here, just whether the stamp is OK.  The biggest transaction system to
date is the one for Master Card and Visa, and it's both too small and
too
expensive by several orders of magnitude each.

> You settle at the ISP level ...

Settlements: You run an ISP, you tell us.  There are something like 5000
ISPs in the U.S. and probably at least that many outside the U.S.  Are
you
going to send out 5000 checks every month for your settlements?  (Or net
it out with each, so it's on average only 2500.)  How are you going to
keep track of whether the other ISPs have paid up, and if they don't,
what
will you do about it?  You can't wave these issues away, these are the
nuts and bolts that make a payment system work or not, and if you don't
shut down the deadbeats, the e-postage stops being real money.

If the ISPs do the settlements on behalf of their customers, the ISPs
are
acting as banks, with all of the fraud and default problems that regular
banks have, and which they spend a lot of money to handle.  Real banks
handle the clearing problem with centralized clearing systems they all
join, Mastercard/Visa for credit cards, NYCE, Cirrus, and PLUS for ATM
transactions, and the Federal Reserve for checks.  These all cost a lot
more per transaction than any likely e-postage system will collect, and
are designed in a world where the vast majority of transactions are OK
and
you handle the bad ones as exceptions, which doesn't impress me as a
good
model for an environment where spam is 80% of all mail and growing.

Even worse, what about the ISPs that aren't in the US?  How do you send
50 cents to each of five ISPs in Bangladesh?  Credit cards?

Identity: lots of people have pointed out the zombie problem, that
spammers will hijack Aunt Betsy's computer and charge the postage to
her.
The response I usually hear from epostage enthusiasts is that Aunt Betsy
won't let the zombies on her PC once she's had to pay a few hundred
bucks
in spam epostage.  Based on my observation of the real world, that's not
gonna happen.  Every month you see the predictable story about some
loser
whose PC got misconfigured or got a Moldavian dialer installed or
something, and was shocked to get a thousand dollar phone bill.  Do they
actually pay the thousand bucks?  Never.  They negotiate it down, stiff
the phone company, or something.  ISPs would be stuck in a no-win
situation where their customers will hate them if they try to collect,
and
their e-mail peers will hate them if they don't.


> Howsabout the whole damned phone system? Isn't that essentially a
> "micropayments" system in many aspects?

In some, yes, in others, no.  It differs from e-mail in that it's a
closed
system, with relatively few players, rather stringent barriers to entry
and really complicated financial settlements that start with the
difference between "bill and keep" and "reciprocal compensation" and get
worse from there, with the ITU, an impenetrable government
meta-bureacracy, in the middle.

> Don't people feel a little silly arguing that the entire phone system
> as currently constituted among several billion people world-wide
> represents a charging/payment model which is easily (in a few pages of
> this paper, apparently) ``proven'' to be completely untenable because
> someone, somewhere might defraud it etc?

You must have read some other paper than the one I wrote, because I
never
said or implied that.

Here's a thought experiment: imagine that you run a store in some part
of
the wild west, and 90% of the cash that people offer you to pay for
stuff
is bogus.  How are you going to handle transactions?  How long will you
spend examining each coin?  Will you refuse to do business with anyone
who's offered you bogus money?  What about people who've gotten it in
change somewhere else and didn't notice?  This is the environment
e-postage has to face, not a little fraud, but vastly more bogus
transactions (at least attempted ones) than real ones.  I don't know of
any financial system that works in an environment like that.

> It's time to go for an e-postage system that simply reflects the
> resources being used.

OK, so build one.  I don't know how to build one where the transaction
costs aren't 10 times greater than the costs that the transactions are
supposed to cover, despite a decade of micropayment research, but maybe
we've overlooked something.  I think we all agree that it's not going to
sit on top of SMTP mail, so someone should take a tip from the phone
system, build a closed system that you can only get into by spending a
hundred grand and being approved by the club that runs it, and give the
end users a nice point and click program that runs on Redmond Crudware
yet
isn't going to be instantly subverted through the weekly egregious
system
security hole.  People will rush to use it.  Right?

Regards,
John Levine, johnl@taugh.com, Taughannock Networks, Trumansburg NY
"I dropped the toothpaste", said Tom, crestfallenly.

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Alan DeKok wrote:

> "Chris Lewis" <clewis@nortelnetworks.com> wrote:
> 
>>>  Let's be aware, though, that many content filtering schemes and
>>>black-lists have been caught adding entries to the list which do NOT
>>>meet the publicly stated criteria.
>>
>>That's a bit of a non-sequitor.  DCC and it's detection system is 100% 
>>automated.  It doesn't work by "adding entries" to a list. 

>   At one point last year, Hadmut tried emailing Vernon off-list to
> continue an on-list conversation.  The message was rejected, and
> appeared to have been submitted to the DCC.  Vernon then admitted on
> this list that he was blocking Hadmut's off-list messages, and
> submitting that information to the DCC.

>   That's censorship, not anti-spam filtering.

No.  DCC doesn't work like you think it does.  Vernon is using more than 
just the DCC for blocking - he's got lots of lists (domains etc) which 
are run for his personal email independently of DCC.

"Submitting something to the DCC" is like submitting something to Bayes 
training.  It's only bulk (and blocked) if the signatures match others 
(in DCC) or if the training is "strong enough to matter" (in Bayes).

One-to-one email isn't going to trip DCC, and unlikely to trip Bayes.

>   On the subject of blacklists, I don't think I have to re-iterate the
> political wars between blacklist maintainers, who cross-list each
> other.

The only deliberate one I know of was when one blacklist was acting 
abusively (unrestricted relay scanning) generating lots of complaints, 
the other listed it for acting abusively, and the first well, retaliated 
- it was acting abusively in the first place, right?

The first blacklist was subsequently proven in a court of law to be 
acting abusively.  And isn't running any more.  He just whines a lot 
after having fled the country.

I don't really think one corner case can be generalized into a blanket 
statement.  But more importantly, it's not interesting from the ASRG 
perspective.

>   I agree.  Systems like spamassassin are slightly better from the
> trust perspective. but may catch less spam than the DCC.  Spamassassin
> distributes the rules to each user, who then can configure it to tell
> him which rules were matched.

My point is that your point that such systems are 
"originator-subvertible" is an uninteresting one from a broader 
perspective such as what ASRG is tasked with.  _Everything_ is 
subvertible at that level.  _Any_ spam solution that you implement has 
to be evaluated from a perspective of how much you trust the "supplier".

Even if you're the supplier (in a corporate sense) where the spam 
meister may have a different viewpoint of what spam _is_, relative to 
say, the CEO.  I don't think maundering ( ;-) on about that sort of 
thing is useful for ASRG.  ASRG should be more concerned with making 
sure that once the user of the filter has decided to _use_ a given 
technology that he actually gets what the supplier provides, and is 
given enough information to make reasonable choices.

As long as the DNSBL user is adequately informed, it ain't any of our 
business how capriciously the DNSBL is operated.  Truth in advertising 
is the key.  Not bans against capriciousness.

Say, Yakov, you still waiting on Matt for DNSBL BCP publication?

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From: "John R Levine" <johnl@taugh.com>
To: "Bob Atkinson" <bobatk@exchange.microsoft.com>
Cc: "Barry Shein" <bzs@world.std.com>, "asrg@ietf.org" <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: Re: [taugh.com-johnl] RE: [Asrg] Re: the e-postage argument
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> An implicit assumption in this discussion is that in the ePostage model
> money must flow from sender to receiver.

That could alleviate the settlement issues, but the transaction cost and
identity issues aren't affected.

> Indeed, if you think about it, this is more directly analogous to the
> gummed-paper physical postage stamps we all know and love.

I've never heard much support for a model where we all have to buy stamps
from one central post office or a small number of post offices.  In the
paper stamp model, the price of the stamps actually pays for delivering
the mail.  In the e-postage model, I've never understood what the stamps
are supposed to pay for beyond acting to deter senders, particularly if
they don't go to the recipient to defray the cost of handling incoming
mail.

In the phone system, which Barry cited as a model, there is a complex and
often contentious system of settlements and compensation to calculate how
much the recipient network gets paid to handle incoming calls.  I think it
supports the point in my paper that any system with real money is going to
have its own mountain of rules, fraud, lawsuits, and so forth that is
likely to be much worse to deal with than whatever it was supposed to solve.

If it sounds like I'm saying we should throw up our hands and give up, I'm
not, but there's an old saw that for any complex problem there's a
solution that's simple, elegant and wrong, and if the problem is spam,
e-postage is that solution.

Regards,
John Levine, johnl@taugh.com, Taughannock Networks, Trumansburg NY
http://www.taugh.com

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From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@ox.org>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Usefulness of wholesale blocking of attachments for SMTP? 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Tue, 20 Apr 2004 14:29:11 EDT."
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"Chris Lewis" <clewis@nortelnetworks.com> wrote:
> No.  DCC doesn't work like you think it does.

  I will admit I have little idea how DCC works.  My opinion of the
events is based on the message posted to ASRG by Hadmut:

http://www1.ietf.org/mail-archive/working-groups/asrg/current/msg04365.html

> One-to-one email isn't going to trip DCC, and unlikely to trip Bayes.

  Maybe it won't trip DCC, but individuals appear to be free to submit
non-spam messages they dislike to DCC.  This makes it more likely that
others will end up blocking similar messages, due to one individuals
desire to censor.

> Even if you're the supplier (in a corporate sense) where the spam 
> meister may have a different viewpoint of what spam _is_, relative to 
> say, the CEO.  I don't think maundering ( ;-) on about that sort of 
> thing is useful for ASRG.  ASRG should be more concerned with making 
> sure that once the user of the filter has decided to _use_ a given 
> technology that he actually gets what the supplier provides, and is 
> given enough information to make reasonable choices.

  I agree.  When we design systems, we *know* they're going to be
arbitrary and capricious.  So the solution isn't to ban that behavior.
The solution is to make users of the system accountable.  This limits
the negative impact of the political-layer flaws.

  My focus, therefore, has been on systems which enable people to
claim accountability, and to be verified to be accountable by others.

> As long as the DNSBL user is adequately informed, it ain't any of our 
> business how capriciously the DNSBL is operated.  Truth in advertising 
> is the key.  Not bans against capriciousness.

  Exactly.  Look at cbl.abuseat.org.  There's *no* information as to
how an IP gets listed, other than "trust us".  It's arbitrary and
capricous, but immediately responsive to complaints (as the designers
obviously understand these issues.)

  So my concern with content filtering systems is that unless it's
possible to tell *who* submitted some data, users of the system end up
using rules for which no one is accountable.  That can be an avenue
for abuse.

  Alan DeKok.

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>  I will admit I have little idea how DCC works.

The idea is that _every_ message gets submitted (once).  DCC reports
the number of copies it has received.  For a message sent a single
time, this doesn't matter at all; nobody ever checks it again.  For a
message with a few recipients, it might be found, but only a few
copies, so it doesn't matter.  For spam, there will be a lot of copies
seen, so it gets rejected.  (This latter is also why legitimate
subscribed-to mailinglists must be whitelisted, since DCC only knows
about volume.)

>> One-to-one email isn't going to trip DCC, and unlikely to trip Bayes.
>
>  Maybe it won't trip DCC, but individuals appear to be free to submit
> non-spam messages they dislike to DCC.

_All_ messages received are supposed to be submitted.  (If you wait
until a person sees the message, a lot of spam will be accepted in the
meantime.)

Besides, suppose I submitted a non-spam message that I didn't like;
what effect would it have?

Seth


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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Usefulness of wholesale blocking of attachments for SMTP? 
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Seth Breidbart <sethb@panix.com> wrote:
> _All_ messages received are supposed to be submitted.  (If you wait
> until a person sees the message, a lot of spam will be accepted in the
> meantime.)

  OK.  I would have preferred to have this explanation during the
original discussion, but having it now is better than nothing.

  Alan DeKok.

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From: Jim Witte <jswitte@bloomington.in.us>
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Subject: [Asrg] Re: E-postage problems...
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>> Howsabout the whole damned phone system? Isn't that essentially a
>> "micropayments" system in many aspects?
> In some, yes, in others, no.  It differs from e-mail in that it's a 
> closed
> system, with relatively few players, rather stringent barriers to entry

   One big difference I see is that with the phone system, you can only 
make one call at a time.  With email, you can (continuing with the 
phone/email analogy), make thousands of calls at a time.  Yes, you have 
"boiler-room" situations that generate "phone spam", but the cost to 
the boiler-room operator is high, and they have to pay people to staff 
them (or go illegal..)

   And on the receiving end, there is a limit to how many junk-calls I 
can receive (24 hours in a day, and I'm going to cancel my phone 
service or complain to my Congressperson long before that limit is 
reached).  With email, there is a similar limit (size of my inbox), but 
that is still enough for a couple hundred spam messages.  (I'm not sure 
that last argument really holds water, but maybe it does)

Jim Witte
jswitte@bloomington.in.us
Indiana University CS


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Subject: [Asrg] Re: E-postage
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On April 19, 2004 at 23:24 research@solidmatrix.com (Yakov Shafranovich) wrote:
 > With the current state of affairs I simply do not see how any kind of 
 > e-postage system would take off at all within a reasonable span of time 
 > even once all of the technical issues have been addressed. The same goes

Isn't this the canned, applies to anything, response?

It's been nearly ten years and no one has come up with anything,
perhaps it's time to put the "that would take too long to be accepted"
on the back burner and discuss other aspects?
 
 > for any proposal calling for a major infrastructure overhaul - there 
 > simply isn't enough monetary or non-monetary incentive for network 
 > operators, software providers and governments to make a major change of 
 > that scale. It may very well be that the system may collapse due to that 
 > (which I personally do not think will happen).

It (e-postage) doesn't require much any infrastructure overhaul.

Maybe some ways of imagining it being implemented do, but maybe the
goal should be to say well, if we do it that way it'd require a major
infrastructure haul, can we do it some other way.

In brief how about:

   A) Each ISP creates stamps according to some accepted method,
   probably some cryptographic approach. Think SSL certificates or
   some similar precedent.

   B) They attach a stamp to mail according to some policy such
   as e-mail originating from their customers.

   C) Stamps can be allocated according to any policy they choose, at
   least at first. For example, give each customer 1,000 stamps per
   month and charge for excess, whatever, that's a marketing decision.

   D) However, other ISPs can choose to transit or not email with
   particular stamps.

   E) Unstamped mail could be accepted for a while and then ISPs can
   choose to reject it.

Ok, maybe it needs work. But it's hardly off-the-wall, and it doesn't
require major infrastructure nor would take years and years. If a few
major players said this is the way we're going, here's some software
to do this, and we'd be off and running.

I don't propose that as a worked-out solution, only as an example that
one can approach the problem more positively, and to point out that
ready-made, all-purpose blow-offs like "it would take too long" really
don't improve the quality of discussion, except perhaps when posed as
questions rather than assertions.


-- 
        -Barry Shein

Software Tool & Die    | bzs@TheWorld.com           | http://www.TheWorld.com
Purveyors to the Trade | Voice: 617-739-0202        | Login: 617-739-WRLD
The World              | Public Access Internet     | Since 1989     *oo*

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Subject: [Asrg] Re: the e-postage argument
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On April 20, 2004 at 03:56 johnl@taugh.com (John R Levine) wrote:
 > Hi.  It's me, Mr. epostage-can't-work.
 > 
 > I need to keep rewriting my epostage paper to make the fundamental points
 > clearer.  The three big issues are transaction costs, settlements, and
 > identity.

Some critical thought as to why a particular model which supports an
objection might just be a bad model would be useful also. Straw men
and all that.

  Another is that no postage scheme in the history of mankind has
 > existed to deter use rather than to pay delivery costs, but let's skip
 > that one and decide to innovate.

Really? So you figure if paper postage were free it wouldn't have the
effect of increasing volume? Or is that an unconscious or accidental
result? There's something about willfulness in that assertion which
has me confused.

 > The transaction cost issue is the simplest: any kind of e-postage system
 > is going to need a transaction per message to check the stamps.  Spammers
 > are going to put bogus e-postage on their mail, and the only way to see if
 > an e-stamp is valid is to check with the issuer.  Even if you use a crypto
 > signature scheme to see if the stamp is real, you still need to ask issuer
 > if it's already been used somewhere else.  I have yet to see a faintly
 > plausible plan that would build and pay for a transaction system big
 > enough to handle the world's e-mail.  I'm not talking about settlements
 > here, just whether the stamp is OK.  The biggest transaction system to
 > date is the one for Master Card and Visa, and it's both too small and too
 > expensive by several orders of magnitude each.

Again, you're describing a particular model which is easy for you to
object to, a straw man.

How come SSL certificates in HTTPS transactions can work? Aren't they
reasonably analogous?

 > > You settle at the ISP level ...
 > 
 > Settlements: You run an ISP, you tell us.  There are something like 5000
 > ISPs in the U.S. and probably at least that many outside the U.S.  Are you
 > going to send out 5000 checks every month for your settlements?  (Or net

Sounds like a great job for a service organization, if that's the way
it's done at all. Send in your numbers, they can generate the n-way
settlements and send out a single bill or check to each client.

That doesn't sound too hard.

 > it out with each, so it's on average only 2500.)  How are you going to
 > keep track of whether the other ISPs have paid up, and if they don't, what
 > will you do about it?  You can't wave these issues away, these are the
 > nuts and bolts that make a payment system work or not, and if you don't
 > shut down the deadbeats, the e-postage stops being real money.

So you shut them down, refuse their mail, cancel their stampmaking
ability (revoke their certificate.)

But why in the world would you be worried about collections issues in
a forum like this, except inasmuch as you think you can use it to
raise another objection.

It makes wonder how in the heck can ISPs like me possibly charge
customers to connect to other ISP's customers web sites etc? Why don't
the settlements etc drive us to drink? How can we collect?

Well, it's not really a problem, is it.

Maybe there are no settlements, who told you there have to be
settlements?

Again, you're arguing with a model which you made up (or chose)
because it's easy to argue with.

 > If the ISPs do the settlements on behalf of their customers, the ISPs are
 > acting as banks, with all of the fraud and default problems that regular
 > banks have, and which they spend a lot of money to handle.  Real banks

So now banks can't work?

 > handle the clearing problem with centralized clearing systems they all
 > join, Mastercard/Visa for credit cards, NYCE, Cirrus, and PLUS for ATM
 > transactions, and the Federal Reserve for checks.  These all cost a lot
 > more per transaction than any likely e-postage system will collect, and
 > are designed in a world where the vast majority of transactions are OK and
 > you handle the bad ones as exceptions, which doesn't impress me as a good
 > model for an environment where spam is 80% of all mail and growing.

Well, then it wouldn't be wise to design it like that, would it?

 > Even worse, what about the ISPs that aren't in the US?  How do you send
 > 50 cents to each of five ISPs in Bangladesh?  Credit cards?

You're just inventing this awful model and running with it as far as
you can aren't you?

 > Identity: lots of people have pointed out the zombie problem, that
 > spammers will hijack Aunt Betsy's computer and charge the postage to her.
 > The response I usually hear from epostage enthusiasts is that Aunt Betsy
 > won't let the zombies on her PC once she's had to pay a few hundred bucks
 > in spam epostage.  Based on my observation of the real world, that's not
 > gonna happen.  Every month you see the predictable story about some loser
 > whose PC got misconfigured or got a Moldavian dialer installed or
 > something, and was shocked to get a thousand dollar phone bill.  Do they
 > actually pay the thousand bucks?  Never.  They negotiate it down, stiff
 > the phone company, or something.  ISPs would be stuck in a no-win
 > situation where their customers will hate them if they try to collect, and
 > their e-mail peers will hate them if they don't.

Hmm, it seems to me what you're saying is that the phone companies
have already developed a completely workable model for handling these
hard cases which the ISPs might consider adopting.

Where's the objection, other than their tone.

You're right, as an ISP I strive to not have my customers hate me, so
I guess that other model would be better, some forgiveness and
education.

 > 
 > > Howsabout the whole damned phone system? Isn't that essentially a
 > > "micropayments" system in many aspects?
 > 
 > In some, yes, in others, no.  It differs from e-mail in that it's a closed
 > system, with relatively few players, rather stringent barriers to entry
 > and really complicated financial settlements that start with the
 > difference between "bill and keep" and "reciprocal compensation" and get
 > worse from there, with the ITU, an impenetrable government
 > meta-bureacracy, in the middle.

But it works, within reason, right? So what exactly is your point?
That you personally find it too complicated?

 > > Don't people feel a little silly arguing that the entire phone system
 > > as currently constituted among several billion people world-wide
 > > represents a charging/payment model which is easily (in a few pages of
 > > this paper, apparently) ``proven'' to be completely untenable because
 > > someone, somewhere might defraud it etc?
 > 
 > You must have read some other paper than the one I wrote, because I never
 > said or implied that.

Well, you did say that charging per usage can't work.

 > Here's a thought experiment: imagine that you run a store in some part of
 > the wild west, and 90% of the cash that people offer you to pay for stuff

Wait, people did run stores in the wild west, didn't they?

 > is bogus.  How are you going to handle transactions?  How long will you

And I think that's the context from which came the familiar American
expression "Don't take any wooden nickels!"

Didn't everyone have an uncle who'd say that all the time when you
were a kid?

 > spend examining each coin?  Will you refuse to do business with anyone
 > who's offered you bogus money?  What about people who've gotten it in

Sure, wouldn't you refuse bogus money? Don't take any wooden nickels!

 > change somewhere else and didn't notice?  This is the environment
 > e-postage has to face, not a little fraud, but vastly more bogus
 > transactions (at least attempted ones) than real ones.  I don't know of
 > any financial system that works in an environment like that.

Only when you get to set up the straw man.

 > > It's time to go for an e-postage system that simply reflects the
 > > resources being used.
 > 
 > OK, so build one.  I don't know how to build one where the transaction
 > costs aren't 10 times greater than the costs that the transactions are

On this we agree.

 > supposed to cover, despite a decade of micropayment research, but maybe

Yeah well I'd avoid micropayments because they don't solve the
problem, as you've pointed out.

 > we've overlooked something.  I think we all agree that it's not going to
 > sit on top of SMTP mail, so someone should take a tip from the phone
 > system, build a closed system that you can only get into by spending a
 > hundred grand and being approved by the club that runs it, and give the
 > end users a nice point and click program that runs on Redmond Crudware yet
 > isn't going to be instantly subverted through the weekly egregious system
 > security hole.  People will rush to use it.  Right?

I dunno, what's your take, that people don't use Microsoft software?

At any rate, this is just more straw men.

Why don't you be a little more honest: You don't like the idea of
e-postage probably because it sounds like maybe you'd have to pay for
something you don't have to pay for now, and your reasoning works
backwards from that desired conclusion.

Tragedy of the commons and all that.

-- 
        -Barry Shein

Software Tool & Die    | bzs@TheWorld.com           | http://www.TheWorld.com
Purveyors to the Trade | Voice: 617-739-0202        | Login: 617-739-WRLD
The World              | Public Access Internet     | Since 1989     *oo*

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>> Laws are useless unless they are enforced, same for standards.
> Everybody else.  There's no need for a central organization if
> everybody, individually, decides to enforce the standards.

True as far as it goes.  Unfortunately, for it to be useful with
respect to spam, the standard must be unilaterally enforceable, that
is, enforceable by those who wish to support it even in the presence of
those who wish to subvert it.

>> Additionally, what happens if a portion of the community colludes
>> against a specific network or operator?
> As in the Usenet Death Penalty?  What happens is that the operator
> fixes their problems.

Or, perhaps more likely in the case of spam, sues some perceived point
of focus.

>> [I]t seems that in many cases ISPs want to have additional mailboxes
>> or simply do not honor the RFC, [...]

> So why are those sites still on the net?

> The answer is clear: there is no penalty for violating RFC's, for
> abusing the net, or for attacking other net users.  Therefore there
> is no negative feedback to minimize these activities.

Fortunately, this is not quite true.  There is negative feedback; it
just is relatively weak in the short and medium term.  The current spam
problem is a transient which will eventually be damped out by the
negative feedback; it's just that that will happen only in the long
term (years, probably many of them).  What I, and the antispammers I
self-identify with, are fighting for, is email that's usable in the
short and medium term.

/~\ The ASCII				der Mouse
\ / Ribbon Campaign
 X  Against HTML	       mouse@rodents.montreal.qc.ca
/ \ Email!	     7D C8 61 52 5D E7 2D 39  4E F1 31 3E E8 B3 27 4B

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Subject: RE: [Asrg] Re: the e-postage argument
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Barry Shein <bzs@world.std.com> wrote:

[snip]
 > The transaction cost issue is the simplest: any kind of e-postage system
 > is going to need a transaction per message to check the stamps.  Spammers
 > are going to put bogus e-postage on their mail, and the only way to see
if
 > an e-stamp is valid is to check with the issuer.  Even if you use a
crypto
 > signature scheme to see if the stamp is real, you still need to ask
issuer
 > if it's already been used somewhere else.  I have yet to see a faintly
 > plausible plan that would build and pay for a transaction system big
 > enough to handle the world's e-mail.  I'm not talking about settlements
 > here, just whether the stamp is OK.  The biggest transaction system to
 > date is the one for Master Card and Visa, and it's both too small and too
 > expensive by several orders of magnitude each.

Again, you're describing a particular model which is easy for you to
object to, a straw man.

How come SSL certificates in HTTPS transactions can work? Aren't they
reasonably analogous?

HTTPS transactions aren't remotely analogous to postage. You don't have to
check whether that certificate has been used before (using a certificate
many times is normal, but a stamp can only be used once).

However, a "pay for what you post" model (as opposed to a "stamp" model,
which is just one particular type of "pay for what you post" model) can be
quite simple, and can be fairly analogous to HTTP.  Basically have the ISP
sign a digest of each outgoing message (signing a digest covers the re-use
issue quite nicely, unless the spammers are clever enough to generate digest
collisions).  That means that every outgoing message has to be routed
through the ISP, and the ISP meeds to verify who is sending it (so he knows
who to bill) so the real cost of email will be increased and the email
system will cease to be end-to-end.

For most users, all outgping email is already routed through the ISP's
outgoing mail servers, so the extra costs they cause are limited to the cost
of generating the digest and signing it. For most emails, outgpoing email is
not routed through the ISP's servers, so there is also the additional cost
of accepting, storing, and forwarding the email. A charging model which
allows say 50 emails per day free will probably leave email free to the
average consumer (and there's nothing to stop massmarket ISPs adopting a
range of charging models, in the way that mobile phone operators have - pay
a higher subscription and get more free outgoing emails, or a lower
subscription and get fewer). There are some problems with mailing lists,
since they add headers, unless the digest is only of the mail body and
doesn't include the RFC 822 headers, unless eachmessage is payed for twice
(once when sent to the list server, again when relayed by the list server).
We have to think about the effect on organisations like the ACM and the BCS
(which provide permanet address capabilities for their members through
adress mapping realys) as well.

There is no need to introduce inter-ISP payments for handling each-other's
email traffic distinct from any payments already used for providing
bandwidth and/or handling general internet traffic. The european postal
union certainly deosn't have such transfer payments between its members, why
should an email system?

In order for the charges to have a deterrent effect on spammers, they have
to be high. Much higher than the extra costs incurred by the ISPs.   It's
not going to deter spammers if we merely double the cost of an email, we
have to raise the cost to a level where their operation is no longer
profitable.  This is where the trouble starts.  The costs have to be high
enough that it's worth going to the trouble of settting up your own ISP to
avoid them, even if you are a legitimate business that doesn't use
significant amounts of bulk email. That's what spammers will do - set up
their own ISPs. This could perhaps be avoided by bringing in those transfer
payments - and now we have all the complexity that Levine was complaining
about, and it's probably neccessary to introduce a central clearing house -
or rather a hierarchy of clearing houses, as in the banking system.  Since
these clearing houses will be dealing with the transfer of serious amounts
of money, they will be subject to government regulation (regulations to
prevent money-laundering, regulations to prevent fraud, regulations for this
that and the other) and the email system will be tied up in a vast
bureaucracy.

The vast bureaucracy may not be too great a price to pay to eliminate spam.
Government control of our email (through government regulation of the
clearing houses) may not be too great a price to pay.  After all, the
alternative to getting a handle on spam may be to do without email at all.
Personally, I'd prefer to carry on searching for a better solution.

Tom


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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: the e-postage argument
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> An implicit assumption in this discussion is that in the ePostage
> model money must flow from sender to receiver.

Well, yes.  The basic problem with spam is the imposition of cost on
unwilling recipients; I see little point in epostage that pays some
other party, as then the recipient has still lost; it's just that
someone else has benefited instead.  I fail to see how this improves
matters significantly.

If what you're after is a deterrent effect, call it what it is, a fine,
and make the amount more appropriate to a fine!

> While that is an attractive model for many reasons, there are other
> models in which rather than in-band per message, the money instead
> flows out of band up front, and presumably more in bulk, though
> likely not to message recipients.  In such designs, many of the
> constraints articulated below are alleviated.

> Indeed, if you think about it, this is more directly analogous to the
> gummed-paper physical postage stamps we all know and love.

Yes, though there most of the cost the stamp is paying is incurred by
the entity who sold the stamp, rather than the recipient.

/~\ The ASCII				der Mouse
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: E-postage
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> In brief how about:

>    A) Each ISP creates stamps according to some accepted method,
>    probably some cryptographic approach. Think SSL certificates or
>    some similar precedent.

How do you stop spammers from acting as ISPs and issuing stamps to
themselves for free, without also cutting out individual and other very
small sites (like two-person SOHOs) running their own mailservers?

All this looks like to me is whitelisting based on signatures (and all
that really has over whitelisting based on outgoing mailhost is that it
works through multiple hops), and does nothing at all to help people
decide which signatures to whitelist (which is the hard part of such
whitelisting, because it's the part that has major scaling issues).  If
you have only a few stamp issuers, it becomes a slightly odd flavour of
sender certification, and rather weak sender certification at that.

/~\ The ASCII				der Mouse
\ / Ribbon Campaign
 X  Against HTML	       mouse@rodents.montreal.qc.ca
/ \ Email!	     7D C8 61 52 5D E7 2D 39  4E F1 31 3E E8 B3 27 4B

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From: Daniel Feenberg <feenberg@nber.org>
To: Barry Shein <bzs@world.std.com>
cc: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>, asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: E-postage
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Paid email is unlikely to come about because of a joint agreement among
ISPs or lawmakers. But it might easily come about (without settlements) in
the following way.

Somewhere some ISP will decide to allocate abuse desk costs among the
divisions. The dial-up manager will then change his policy from unlimited
free email for each account, to perhaps "1,000 free messages per month".
His marketing person will advise him that to the average dolt, "1,000"
seems like MORE than "unlimited", since the average person is not too good
with numbers. Once this limitation is imposed, his share of the abuse desk
will drop to near zero, and he may even collect a few bucks for additional
message (perhaps at $1/1000). 

Then the T1 division, seeing this, will decide that for new accounts only
100,000 messages on port 25 go with each T1 each month, and any more need
to be paid for, at perhaps $1/10,000 messages.  This is also a success,
and within a year the abuse desk can be reduced to a part timer. Other
ISPs will follow suit, but what about ISPs that don't have an abuse desk
expense? Won't spammers just end up with them? Yes, and they will end up
on blacklists. That is a fine equilibrium.

No settlements, no public spirit, just better accounting. (And an MTA that
can keep some records).


On Tue, 20 Apr 2004, Barry Shein wrote:

> 
> On April 19, 2004 at 23:24 research@solidmatrix.com (Yakov Shafranovich) wrote:
>  > With the current state of affairs I simply do not see how any kind of 
>  > e-postage system would take off at all within a reasonable span of time 
>  > even once all of the technical issues have been addressed. The same goes
> 
> Isn't this the canned, applies to anything, response?
> 
> It's been nearly ten years and no one has come up with anything,
> perhaps it's time to put the "that would take too long to be accepted"
> on the back burner and discuss other aspects?
>  
>  > for any proposal calling for a major infrastructure overhaul - there 
>  > simply isn't enough monetary or non-monetary incentive for network 
>  > operators, software providers and governments to make a major change of 
>  > that scale. It may very well be that the system may collapse due to that 
>  > (which I personally do not think will happen).
> 
> It (e-postage) doesn't require much any infrastructure overhaul.
> 
> Maybe some ways of imagining it being implemented do, but maybe the
> goal should be to say well, if we do it that way it'd require a major
> infrastructure haul, can we do it some other way.
> 
> In brief how about:
> 
>    A) Each ISP creates stamps according to some accepted method,
>    probably some cryptographic approach. Think SSL certificates or
>    some similar precedent.
> 
>    B) They attach a stamp to mail according to some policy such
>    as e-mail originating from their customers.
> 
>    C) Stamps can be allocated according to any policy they choose, at
>    least at first. For example, give each customer 1,000 stamps per
>    month and charge for excess, whatever, that's a marketing decision.
> 
>    D) However, other ISPs can choose to transit or not email with
>    particular stamps.
> 
>    E) Unstamped mail could be accepted for a while and then ISPs can
>    choose to reject it.
> 
> Ok, maybe it needs work. But it's hardly off-the-wall, and it doesn't
> require major infrastructure nor would take years and years. If a few
> major players said this is the way we're going, here's some software
> to do this, and we'd be off and running.
> 
> I don't propose that as a worked-out solution, only as an example that
> one can approach the problem more positively, and to point out that
> ready-made, all-purpose blow-offs like "it would take too long" really
> don't improve the quality of discussion, except perhaps when posed as
> questions rather than assertions.
> 
> 
> 



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From: John Levine <asrg@johnlevine.com>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: not E-postage
In-Reply-To: <16517.56612.196778.643255@world.std.com>
Organization: I.E.C.C., Trumansburg NY USA
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>In brief how about:
>
>   A) Each ISP creates stamps according to some accepted method,
>   probably some cryptographic approach. Think SSL certificates or
>   some similar precedent.
>
>   B) They attach a stamp to mail according to some policy such
>   as e-mail originating from their customers.
>
>   C) Stamps can be allocated according to any policy they choose, at
>   least at first. For example, give each customer 1,000 stamps per
>   month and charge for excess, whatever, that's a marketing decision.
>
>   D) However, other ISPs can choose to transit or not email with
>   particular stamps.
>
>   E) Unstamped mail could be accepted for a while and then ISPs can
>   choose to reject it.

This is a fine plan.  In fact, it already has a name -- it's domain
keys (with an implementation tweak that ISPs rate limit their retail
customers' mail, which is a reasonable idea on its own).  Each domain
signs its own mail, the keys to check the signatures are in the DNS,
and recipients can do whatever they want with mail signatures.

Regards,
John Levine, johnl@taugh.com, Taughannock Networks, Trumansburg NY
http://www.taugh.com


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Subject: RE: [Asrg] 'Registered Email' and 'Trust-E-mail' proposals for both spam and viruses
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Hi der Mouse,

I have responded to your helpful questions and comments. Please read
anything I have commented with "(JL)". This idea was hatched as a
stepping-stone phase to my 'registered mail' concept.. (
http://www.intechcomm.net.au ).

Cheers,
Joshua

-----Original Message-----
From: asrg-admin@ietf.org [mailto:asrg-admin@ietf.org] On Behalf Of der
Mouse
Sent: Wednesday, 7 April 2004 1:41 PM
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 'Registered Email' and 'Trust-E-mail' proposals for both
spam and viruses

> In January, I came up with a technically feasible solution to spam
> and email viruses, [...]

This looks to me like another FUSSP.

Most briefly, it has severe scaling problems; if the stuff described is
done per recipient site, it has catastrophic scaling problems, whereas
if it's done through a central registry, it has central point of
failure/trust/pressure problems.  It also appears to have been designed
by someone who understands neither email (for example, the confusing
between MX hosts and outgoing mailservers, and the peculiar notion that
all domains that send mail appear directly in something like a root
server) nor the DNS (thinking the root servers hold MX records,
thinking that the DNS anywhere holds creation dates).

(JL) Why not use the DNS as the database? Either create a new rootserver or
TLD? Also, I realise that the MX hosts are the receiving mailservers for a
domain name, however most organisations use a mailserver for both sending
and receiving, not just relaying. I should have clarified scanning the
rootservers and the resultant whois information, I didn't expect anyone to
be picky about the exact info, more the concept.



In more detail....

> This is performed to create an automated global white-list, for
> immediate mail server trust ranking and immediate SMTP virus
> prevention for receiving mail servers.  This is done by creating an
> application that scans the DNS Rootservers daily for:

(a) Instant scaling problems.  Every email site downloading the entire
root zones daily?  Or if a centralized site, why should everyone trust
it, what will be done to protect it against technological and legal
attacks?

(JL) Centralized. Why should anyone trust anybody else's anti-spam products
(eg. Symantec, Brightmail)? Being that the scan can be performed from a
dynamic IP address, technology attacks are easy to avoid. Legal attacks will
be interesting. Existing DNSBL manage to avoid them for the most part, so I
don't see the difference..

(b) You're assuming the DNS root servers are the appropriate place to
check.  This is true for approximately no domains.  Even the
gtld-servers.net machines are good only for .com/.net/.org, and only
for second-level domains there.

(JL) Well the bot will need to crawl through the whole DNS system, from the
top down, hence starting at the rootservers. This is much the same as Google
or any of the other search engines.

> 		Domain Name
> 		MX Records
> 		Domain Creation Date

The DNS does not contain domain creation dates.

The root servers do not have MX records for any significant number of
domains.  You have to ask the domains' servers themselves for that.

This also assumes all email domains will be @ domains that appear
directly in the roots.  This is false (eg, my own mailhost,
sparkle.rodents.montreal.qc.ca - only .ca appears in the roots; even if
you go to the .ca roots, only rodents.montreal.qc.ca appears there).

I also have trouble imagining why a receiving system cares about anyone
else's MX records.  Are you perhaps falling into the trap of thinking
that MX records have anything to do with outgoing mail?

(JL) Not in all instances, but most of them. Any mail server that is capable
of receiving should also be capable of sending. I am only trying to
establish age and reputation.

> Using this information, a database is created, containing:
>		Domain Name
> 		MX Records
> 		Domain Creation Date
> 		Trust Level / Rank
> 		[...]

More scaling problems.  Every email site is going to recreate this
ginormous database daily?  Where will they store it?

(JL) If the DNS is used to seed the info, it's not a big deal.

> Trusted DNS blacklists, eg Spamhaus, should be applied against the
> resultant initial database

Most DNS blacklists do not list domain names (which are all you have at
this point, since you haven't described anything that involves any
addresses), only addresses.

More scaling problems - you're having every email site doing some huge
number of queries (on the order of the number of domains) to at least a
few DNSLs.  Daily.  If even a small fraction of the mailservers on the
net were to do this, it would amount to a DDoS on the DNSLs.

(JL) Again, not if the DNS system is used as the database.

> "U" - Untrustworthy. 
> Any domain that is less than 12 months old and has not applied for

So domains must exist for a year before anyone will let them send mail,
unless they specifically negotiate an agreement of some kind with the
recipient?

This might help for a year; all it would do after that is mean that
spammers need a lag time of a year between registering domains and
using them.  It would raise their costs slightly, but that's about it.

On the other hand, it will severely cripple net.newcomers.  Looks to me
as though it causes trouble for the wrong people.

(JL) They can still forward mail through their ISP mailserver.

> Any domain that [...] does not relay mail from clients that are not
> using SASL / TLS / SPA and blocks outgoing emails with dangerous
> attachments.

Dangerous in whose opinion?  How can you prove whether a mailserver
(it's mailservers that relay mail, not domains) insists on
sasl/tls/etc?  (Don't forget, spamhauser _will_ lie about what their
outgoing mailservers do if they think it will help them.)

(JL) SASL is only for the mailserver's protection, not the outside world's.

> Any domain that is less than 12 months old, but has paid a security
> bond against spamming,

Paid to whom?  If this isn't per-recipient, why should anyone trust
this entity?  Especially those in other countries than it?

(JL) This is the bit that needs discussion.

> 3. Penalties:

> Any mail server proven to send Spam will have its ranking lowered.

Proven to whose satisfaction? 

(JL) Whoever is managing the database, or a 3rd party watchdog.

> 'Bonded' mail servers could forfeit all or part of the bond supplied.

Forfeit to whom?

This system sounds as though it's either got a single central point of
trust/failure, or it's nothing but a rather elaborate and
resource-hungry form of individual whitelisting.

(JL) Yes, a global whitelist... hasn't been done yet.

> Severe breaches will result in a permanent "U" ranking being
> attributed.

Until the lawyers attack it.  (If your system becomes successful enough
to matter, this _will_ happen.)

> This is an extremely easy-to-implement, automated 'whitelist'
> solution,

Doesn't sound easy to implement to me.  You need some big legal
defenses (or you will if it becomes at all effective), you need someone
trusted enough to handle the bonds, you need to somehow get permission
to DDoS the root nameservers plus whatever other servers you need to
hit up to find the information you (think you) need, and above all you
need buy-in from both senders and receivers.

> This requires no active participation of the sender or end-recipient,

Sounds to me as though it does; the sender has to apply for something
or post a bond of some sort or some such, and the recipient has to
check all this goop.

(JL) Which means it needs recipient changes only... At the discretion of the
mail server owner/ admin rather than a global change.

> [...], and allows for 'home' and 'hobby' email servers.

How?  A number (such as me) will refuse outright on principle.  Most of
the others, any bond they can afford would be so small as to be
ignorable as a cost-of-doing-business to a spamhaus of any size.

Or are they supposed to just suffer for the first year, until they've
been around long enough to be mistaken for spammer^W^W^Wallowed to send
mail?

(JL) Nah, just need to relay through their mailserver.

/~\ The ASCII				der Mouse
\ / Ribbon Campaign
 X  Against HTML	       mouse@rodents.montreal.qc.ca
/ \ Email!	     7D C8 61 52 5D E7 2D 39  4E F1 31 3E E8 B3 27 4B

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Subject: [Asrg] Re: Re: the e-postage argument
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> Some critical thought as to why a particular model which supports an
> objection might just be a bad model would be useful also. Straw men
> and all that.

I entirely agree.  But there are bad models all around.  I also understand
that a lot of the details of any e-postage system are not interesting to
you or to a lot of other people (frequently including me), but boring
isn't the same as easy or cheap.  When I write someone a check, I don't
care about the details of how the check gets from his bank back to my bank
(or the check's picture more likely these days) or how the money goes out
of my account at my bank through some bank version of cyberspace into his
bank and his account, and all the other things that happen if there isn't
money in my account to pay the check.  But someone had to work it out, and
there are large, expensive, complex back office systems making it all
happen.

Since an e-postage transaction does basically the same things as any other
financial transaction, if you're going to claim that it's not like all the
other kinds of transactions, you really have to do more than wave your
hands.  Even the simplest kind of transactions, where you hand me a
quarter to buy a paper, have to be backed up by a credible issuer of the
quarters and some way I can turn the quarter into money that's useful for
something else.

> Maybe there are no settlements, who told you there have to be
> settlements?

You did.  You said that we need an e-postage system to rebalance the costs
of e-mail.  Settlements are the way that the money gets from the senders
to the recipients who bear the costs.  In the absence of settlements, only
the senders' ISPs or maybe the banks who sell them the stamps make any
money.

I gather from the rest of your message that you have a model of e-postage
that doesn't do settlements, doesn't have double spending problems, and
will work fine in the face of floods of mail with fake postage.  Don't
leave us in suspense.  Tell us about it.  If you know how to prevent
double spending of stamps without checking with the issuer, I know a whole
lot of micropayment researchers who'd like to talk to you, since that's a
problem that they've been thinking about for at least a decade.

Regards,
John Levine, johnl@taugh.com, Taughannock Networks, Trumansburg NY
"I dropped the toothpaste", said Tom, crestfallenly.

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On 20 Apr 2004, at 19:29, Chris Lewis wrote:

> Say, Yakov, you still waiting on Matt for DNSBL BCP publication?

Yes he is. I got back from a two week holiday on Monday so I'm still in 
catchup mode, but I intend to get back to Yakov today with a couple of 
minor edits.


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References: <20040413142358.BD50416DF5@mail.nitros9.org> <4080584F.10503@opendoors.com> <40805EE5.7060403@solidmatrix.com> <4080BCD9.3000105@opendoors.com> <16516.12619.744345.929026@world.std.com> <408465CB.3090500@solidmatrix.com> <16516.34678.371575.137422@world.std.com> <40849808.3090005@solidmatrix.com> <16517.56612.196778.643255@world.std.com>
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: E-postage
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On 21 Apr 2004, at 03:32, Barry Shein wrote:

>    A) Each ISP creates stamps according to some accepted method,
>    probably some cryptographic approach. Think SSL certificates or
>    some similar precedent.
>
>    B) They attach a stamp to mail according to some policy such
>    as e-mail originating from their customers.
>
>    C) Stamps can be allocated according to any policy they choose, at
>    least at first. For example, give each customer 1,000 stamps per
>    month and charge for excess, whatever, that's a marketing decision.
>
>    D) However, other ISPs can choose to transit or not email with
>    particular stamps.
>
>    E) Unstamped mail could be accepted for a while and then ISPs can
>    choose to reject it.

Stamps buy you nothing in this scenario. ISPs are already free to 
reject mail from ISPs they don't like, and throttle their customers to 
only be able to send N mails per day.

But they don't do it (some throttle, but hardly any reject based on 
ISP, unless that ISP happens to be a spammer masquerading as an ISP). 
As an ISP perhaps you can answer why they don't do it?

Matt.


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On April 21, 2004 at 13:31 asrg@johnlevine.com (John Levine) wrote:
 > This is a fine plan.  In fact, it already has a name -- it's domain
 > keys (with an implementation tweak that ISPs rate limit their retail
 > customers' mail, which is a reasonable idea on its own).  Each domain
 > signs its own mail, the keys to check the signatures are in the DNS,
 > and recipients can do whatever they want with mail signatures.

The critical thing to add is metering all around.

    -b

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        Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: E-postage
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On April 21, 2004 at 10:33 msergeant@messagelabs.com (Matt Sergeant) wrote:
 > Stamps buy you nothing in this scenario. ISPs are already free to 
 > reject mail from ISPs they don't like, and throttle their customers to 
 > only be able to send N mails per day.

This adds objectivity to the process, you're sending me mail with
invalid stamps so I dropped it all (either due to counterfeiting or
revocation.)

That's a lot better than "I think you host spammers".

 > But they don't do it (some throttle, but hardly any reject based on 
 > ISP, unless that ISP happens to be a spammer masquerading as an ISP). 
 > As an ISP perhaps you can answer why they don't do it?

Well, I won't completely agree that hardly any reject based on ISP,
it's not often advertised. But SPEWS for example approached this, so
one could check who used SPEWS.

That said, one concern is collateral damage and the other is lack of
objectivity so one tends to act cautiously before it becomes an
all-out shooting war.

-- 
        -Barry Shein

Software Tool & Die    | bzs@TheWorld.com           | http://www.TheWorld.com
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: E-postage
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On April 21, 2004 at 07:14 mouse@Rodents.Montreal.QC.CA (der Mouse) wrote:
 > > In brief how about:
 > 
 > >    A) Each ISP creates stamps according to some accepted method,
 > >    probably some cryptographic approach. Think SSL certificates or
 > >    some similar precedent.
 > 
 > How do you stop spammers from acting as ISPs and issuing stamps to
 > themselves for free, without also cutting out individual and other very
 > small sites (like two-person SOHOs) running their own mailservers?

You wouldn't honor them.

Small sites would probably get any such credentials from their
provider, something like a postage meter.

 > All this looks like to me is whitelisting based on signatures (and all
 > that really has over whitelisting based on outgoing mailhost is that it
 > works through multiple hops), and does nothing at all to help people
 > decide which signatures to whitelist (which is the hard part of such
 > whitelisting, because it's the part that has major scaling issues).  If
 > you have only a few stamp issuers, it becomes a slightly odd flavour of
 > sender certification, and rather weak sender certification at that.

More like the latter, or at least to the degree that SSL certs might
be, and the objection is?

The critical aspect is to get the metering working, to let parties
begin to know, as a regular part of doing business, what's going on.

Remember that old adage about "Mechanism, Not Policy"?

Part of the problem with the e-postage discussion is that people are
trying to imagine every aspect of policy to see if they still like the
idea.

That's very hard and, for those so inclined, easily leads to
objections:

    So, Mr Ford, you're going to manufacture and sell everyone one of
    these automobiles! And where exactly are they going to drive them?
    What roads would they use? The current roads seem inadequate for
    motor-driven vehicles. And what's to become of our thriving horse
    and buggy industry? Civilization has done just fine for 10,000
    years without these noisy things, why should we be interested?

Policy should probably be developed as a consensual act among ISPs and
others.

Mechanism should be discussed here.

Although I agree that some discussion of policy etc is very useful
just for plausibility and impact, but the limitations of such
discussions have to be kept in mind.

-- 
        -Barry Shein

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On Apr 19, 2004, at 19:28, Yakov Shafranovich wrote:
> My single concern with e-postage is that in the real world bulk 
> mailers do not break into post offices and dump their mail in, nor do 
> they bribe people to go to the post office and put mail in for them.

They would, if screwing with the USPS wasn't a felony that gets you 
jail time.

You'll notice that casual phone phreaking dropped off real fast once 
Kevin Mitnick and a bunch of other hackers were sent to federal prison.

> - stealing accounts is very easy because everyone is connected and 
> many people don't know how to secure their computers.

If it started costing them a few hundred dollars a month to remain 
ignorant, I bet they'd learn real fast or get off the net. And frankly, 
I don't care which, because the buffoons we're talking about are the 
ones bombarding me with megabytes of spam and viruses.

> I am refering to the issue of hijacked computers. With an e-postage 
> system nothing stops a spammer from stealing Aunt Mary's computer via 
> a virus and sending out spam with her e-postage account. Who is going 
> to pay in that case? The usual response to that example is that her 
> e-postage account will run out. This is basically the same as rate 
> limiting and can be done today without resorting to e-postage. But 
> rate limiting is not always possible such as when an ISP rents out the 
> underlying connectivity from a third party. There was also a 
> suggestion in one of the subgroups to write up a BCP describing how to 
> do rate limiting.

Your logic here seems to be "having a limited supply of funds to be 
used for e-postage is a bit like rate limiting, and rate limiting is 
sometimes difficult, hence limiting e-postage funds is difficult". 
Needless to say, that doesn't follow at all. A dolphin is a bit like a 
fish, and fish can't breathe air, therefore dolphins can't breathe air.

People do this kind of money-based spending limiting all the time. They 
set up debit accounts they can use on the net with minimal balances, so 
that if the account gets hacked the thief can only steal a small 
amount. They buy Starbucks cards and phone cards with $20 of coffee or 
telephone calls in, so if a thief steals the easily-stolen and 
anonymous card, they're only out $20. They get the credit card company 
to lower their credit lines.

Hell, if theft via computer hijacking without the user noticing really 
turns out to be that much of a problem, we can sell e-postage on $10 
plastic cards at the corner store, and computers could be fitted with a 
$20 card reader. No need to have an associated account that can be 
drained. If you swipe the card and the postage all vanishes, you know 
you've been 0wN3d and call the cops. The technology is cheap and easy.

> Otherwise, I do not see what the ASRG or the IETF can do for or 
> against e-postage - it is simply not within the scope of standards at 
> this point.

Well, it might be useful to set out some requirements. Or is that not 
within the IETF's remit? (Serious question.)

> Another issue is convincing people to switch - the unlimited/free 
> pricing scheme has been embedded into the psyche of Internet users to 
> such extend, that it will very hard to convince people to switch.

That's why I think one important requirement is that the receiver be 
allowed to waive or refund the postage fee at his discretion.

Basically, what I want to see is that if you want to mail me, you have 
to put offer me a nickel as a show of good faith that your mail isn't 
spam. Obviously if your mail isn't spam, I don't have to take the 
nickel; and if I'm an ass and take it anyway, you're only out a nickel.

> ISPs also have to be convinced to spend money on supporting and 
> participating in the e-postage infrastructure.

There are several options here.

One is that we could let them swipe a fraction of the e-postage; or 
rather, add it on to the top. So if I charge 5 cents and my ISP charges 
1 cent, you have to risk 6 cents, and will typically have to pay 1 
cent--unless you're a spammer, in which case you lose the entire 6 
cents.

Sure, some ISPs will price-gouge. The result will be that they'll lose 
customers, because nobody will want to e-mail their customers. 
Competition should do the rest.

Another option is that the ISP could take a fraction of the cash that 
would otherwise be credited to each user's account at the end of the 
month. So if a month's worth of e-mail would result in my getting $10 
from commercial junk mailers and spending $4 on sending mail myself, 
the net would be $6 in my favor, and the ISP would get (say) 5% of 
that. Again, market forces would punish ISPs who attempted to gouge. 
The end result would work almost exactly like the Amazon tip jar or 
eBay, both of which seem to be doing just fine.

And that's without even considering the potential savings from not 
having huge quantities of spam flowing through their servers.

As soon as there's an e-postage system like I discuss above (*) running 
in parallel with the current e-mail system, I for one will use it and 
encourage all my friends to do so. I'll also tell people who have 
trouble getting past my spam filters to use it, and if they refuse and 
get bitten by the filter, that's their problem and it has a <5 cent 
solution.

And after a while I'd probably whitelist all my family and friends, and 
tell everyone else to use the e-postage system.

So while I share some of Barry's skepticism about people being willing 
to go for e-postage, and about the vitriol and lies we'll hear from the 
press about it, ultimately I'm not sure that matters. If it works, 
it'll spread virally.

> Would it be viable for all of the parties interested in e-postage to 
> get together and start working together including addressing the 
> issues raised and testing code, instead of just discussing the idea?

Well, I'd be happy to make suggestions, test stuff, and maybe even help 
with documentation, but I only intermittently have spare time. Still, 
if there's a list I can join, I'm willing to pull out the outliner and 
come up with a first cut at what *I* think some of the requirements 
need to be.

> Of course Microsoft is interested in it as per Bill Gates's speech but 
> they are also a software provider, so their interest may have a 
> different motivation.

I don't think Microsoft is interested in e-postage as we discuss it; I 
think they're interested in a system where Microsoft gets a couple of 
cents every time you send an e-mail to or from a Windows system. I'll 
go without e-mail before I'll pay a penny to Microsoft, and I believe 
there are enough like-minded people that a pay-Microsoft-for-email 
system would fail as badly as Microsoft Passport has failed.


mathew
[ (*) In particular, with the "refund" functionality. ]
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: the e-postage argument
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"Tom Thomson" <tthomson@neosinteractive.com> wrote:
(He didn't quote properly, so it isn't clear what he wrote.)

> How come SSL certificates in HTTPS transactions can work? Aren't they
> reasonably analogous?

No; anybody can generate one.  Somebody who wanted billions of valid
ones could just spend a little CPU time.

> For most users, all outgping email is already routed through the
> ISP's outgoing mail servers, so the extra costs they cause are
> limited to the cost of generating the digest and signing it. For
> most emails, outgpoing email is not routed through the ISP's
> servers, so there is also the additional cost of accepting, storing,
> and forwarding the email.

The reason for the discrepancy is probably just spam.

> A charging model which allows say 50 emails per day free will
> probably leave email free to the average consumer

What stops spammers from using ISPs that allow unlimited email, or
inventing their own "ISPs"?

> There is no need to introduce inter-ISP payments for handling
> each-other's email traffic distinct from any payments already used
> for providing bandwidth and/or handling general internet traffic.

Somebody who hosts a website generally doesn't much care how much
somebody else's customers look at that website (and somebody with
customers doesn't care what websites they look at or how much).  But
the whole problem here is that people _do_ care about how much email
gets received.

> The european postal union certainly deosn't have such transfer
> payments between its members, why should an email system?

If it doesn't, what stops a spammer from joining?

> The vast bureaucracy may not be too great a price to pay to
> eliminate spam.  Government control of our email (through government
> regulation of the clearing houses) may not be too great a price to
> pay.

It is for something that won't work.  (When has a government provided
anything else?)

Seth

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On Apr 20, 2004, at 3:56, John R Levine wrote:
> I need to keep rewriting my epostage paper to make the fundamental 
> points
> clearer.  The three big issues are transaction costs, settlements, and
> identity.  Another is that no postage scheme in the history of mankind 
> has
> existed to deter use rather than to pay delivery costs, but let's skip
> that one and decide to innovate.

That last point is merely taking a narrow view of what constitutes a 
"cost". Ultimately, the purpose of communication is delivering a 
message from brain A to brain B. The cognitive cost of doing so is part 
of the total cost, and something which has a definite monetary 
equivalent value--if it didn't, good writing wouldn't be worth 
anything. In other words, the fact that e-mail has to get through the 
spam noise is part of its cost of delivery.

> The transaction cost issue is the simplest: any kind of e-postage 
> system
> is going to need a transaction per message to check the stamps.  
> Spammers
> are going to put bogus e-postage on their mail, and the only way to 
> see if
> an e-stamp is valid is to check with the issuer.  Even if you use a 
> crypto
> signature scheme to see if the stamp is real, you still need to ask 
> issuer
> if it's already been used somewhere else.

No you don't. Public key crypto is your friend. If the digital postage 
cash is minted by one of a number of known sources, you can make an 
initial test for validity by simply checking the signature against the 
list of public keys of recognized mints.

It's fundamentally no different to the way your browser verifies an SSL 
connection by checking the certificate presented by the remote site.

There are some issues around what you do if a mint's private key gets 
compromised, but they're solveable.

> I have yet to see a faintly plausible plan that would build and pay 
> for a transaction system big enough to handle the world's e-mail.  I'm 
> not talking about settlements here, just whether the stamp is OK.  The 
> biggest transaction system to date is the one for Master Card and 
> Visa, and it's both too small and too expensive by several orders of 
> magnitude each.

It's exactly the same problem as checking the signature on this e-mail. 
You seem to be arguing that it's uneconomical to solve. I think the 
people who use S/MIME every day would argue otherwise.

>> You settle at the ISP level ...
>
> Settlements: You run an ISP, you tell us.  There are something like 
> 5000
> ISPs in the U.S. and probably at least that many outside the U.S.  Are 
> you
> going to send out 5000 checks every month for your settlements?  (Or 
> net
> it out with each, so it's on average only 2500.)  How are you going to
> keep track of whether the other ISPs have paid up, and if they don't, 
> what
> will you do about it?  You can't wave these issues away, these are the
> nuts and bolts that make a payment system work or not, and if you don't
> shut down the deadbeats, the e-postage stops being real money.

My ISP has 3.3 million customers. Surely it's infeasible for them to 
send a bill to every single one of those customers, once every month? 
My god, how could they ever hope to do that, for a sum of money which 
might be as small as $30? Clearly this whole ISP thing is just totally 
impossible.

Come to think of it, the US has around 10,000 banks (or similar savings 
institutions). Is it really feasible that all those banks be somehow 
able to process small monetary transfers between each other, often many 
times a day? Ludicrous!  I mean, anyone could just set up a bank and 
send out fake checks and never pay up, and you'd never be able to do 
anything about it. Clearly checks are utterly impossible, in fact the 
entire banking system must be the product of a deranged imagination.

> If the ISPs do the settlements on behalf of their customers, the ISPs 
> are
> acting as banks, with all of the fraud and default problems that 
> regular
> banks have, and which they spend a lot of money to handle.  Real banks
> handle the clearing problem with centralized clearing systems they all
> join, Mastercard/Visa for credit cards, NYCE, Cirrus, and PLUS for ATM
> transactions, and the Federal Reserve for checks.

However, none of those systems actually use cryptography for security, 
except incidentally for encrypting transmissions. There's no way to 
check the validity of a check or credit card without making a network 
connection, and that's what makes fraud easy and drives up the cost.

If credit card numbers were secured with SSL-like public key 
certificates, you'd wipe out all the current 'small transaction' scams 
involving generation of random credit card numbers for starters. Do the 
same with checks and there goes check fraud.

Sure, you'd still have the occasional Savings & Loan or BCCI scandal, 
but the average day-to-day fraud rate by random criminals would be far 
lower.

> Even worse, what about the ISPs that aren't in the US?  How do you send
> 50 cents to each of five ISPs in Bangladesh?  Credit cards?

The idea that I should be able to phone Bangladesh is ridiculous. I 
mean, how is my 20 cents going to get to the Bangladesh phone company? 
Credit cards?

> Identity: lots of people have pointed out the zombie problem, that
> spammers will hijack Aunt Betsy's computer and charge the postage to 
> her.
> The response I usually hear from epostage enthusiasts is that Aunt 
> Betsy
> won't let the zombies on her PC once she's had to pay a few hundred 
> bucks
> in spam epostage.  Based on my observation of the real world, that's 
> not
> gonna happen.  Every month you see the predictable story about some 
> loser
> whose PC got misconfigured or got a Moldavian dialer installed or
> something, and was shocked to get a thousand dollar phone bill.  Do 
> they
> actually pay the thousand bucks?  Never.  They negotiate it down, stiff
> the phone company, or something.

Have you seen any stories about people who have done that *repeatedly*?

I doubt it, because I expect after the second or third such incident 
they'd find it tough to get the phone company to continue to do 
business with them.

So maybe Aunt Betsy would be unable to get an ISP to do business with 
her, because of her chronic inability to either use a computer safely 
or pay the cost of her own incompetence. In which case, that's her 
problem.

> ISPs would be stuck in a no-win situation where their customers will 
> hate them if they try to collect, and their e-mail peers will hate 
> them if they don't.

One word: Pre-payment.

I purchase $20 of e-postage to last me a few months. If I lose it for 
whatever reason, the ISP doesn't have to spend any money collecting 
anything. Just like if I lose a book of stamps from my wallet or have 
it stolen, the Post Office doesn't have to chase me for the price of a 
book of stamps.

In fact, you even explain the system to the user in exactly those terms.

> Here's a thought experiment: imagine that you run a store in some part 
> of
> the wild west, and 90% of the cash that people offer you to pay for 
> stuff
> is bogus.  How are you going to handle transactions?  How long will you
> spend examining each coin?  Will you refuse to do business with anyone
> who's offered you bogus money?  What about people who've gotten it in
> change somewhere else and didn't notice?  This is the environment
> e-postage has to face, not a little fraud, but vastly more bogus
> transactions (at least attempted ones) than real ones.  I don't know of
> any financial system that works in an environment like that.

That's easy: vending machines in colleges. Tiny transactions, no 
foolproof security, and a population rich in engineers who are short on 
cash and have lots of time for experimentation.

Clearly Coke and Pepsi will never find it cost-effective to put vending 
machines at MIT, for example.

>> It's time to go for an e-postage system that simply reflects the
>> resources being used.
>
> OK, so build one.  I don't know how to build one where the transaction
> costs aren't 10 times greater than the costs that the transactions are
> supposed to cover, despite a decade of micropayment research, but maybe
> we've overlooked something.

Well, there are David Chaum's papers on the subject for starters. 
Digicash didn't fail because it was technically impossible; it failed 
because it didn't offer compelling benefits to the people who would 
have needed to implement it, the banks and merchants and governments. 
In fact, it had major negatives from their point of view, like offering 
anonymity for customers.


mathew
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From: "Tom Thomson" <tthomson@neosinteractive.com>
To: "Seth Breidbart" <sethb@panix.com>, <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] Re: the e-postage argument
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Seth Breidbart <sethb@panix.com> wrote@

> "Tom Thomson" <tthomson@neosinteractive.com> wrote:
> (He didn't quote properly, so it isn't clear what he wrote.)

Maybe your MUA needs fixing. Or maybe you aren't aware of the convention
that the symbol ">" at the beginning of a line indicates that the line is
quoted, and the absence of that symbol indicates that it is not?

One practice that I don't indulge in is carefully selecting which parts I
quote in a way cleverly designed to suggest that the person quoted holds a
position opposite to that which he actually holds.  And a practice I do
indulge in is indicating where I have cut a quote with the conventional
"[snip]".  Perhaps that's what you mean when you say I "didn't quote
properly", since you appear to have adopted the opposite policy?

> > How come SSL certificates in HTTPS transactions can work? Aren't they
> > reasonably analogous?
>
> No; anybody can generate one.  Somebody who wanted billions of valid
> ones could just spend a little CPU time.

I think it';s pretty clear here that you are answering Barry, not me. What
do you thing ">" at the beginning of a line means?

> > For most users, all outgping email is already routed through the
> > ISP's outgoing mail servers, so the extra costs they cause are
> > limited to the cost of generating the digest and signing it. For
> > most emails, outgpoing email is not routed through the ISP's
> > servers, so there is also the additional cost of accepting, storing,
> > and forwarding the email.
>
> The reason for the discrepancy is probably just spam.
>

No, it certainly isn't.  Most users are not savvy, are using dial-up (or
ADSL) connections, and all there stuff goes through the ISPs server (which
is where thir dial-up connection or their always-on DSL connection ends).
Most email comes from business users who use there own mail server, rather
than their ISP's mail server.  That's nothing to do with spam.  Certainly
spammers may have some influence on the size of the majority of email that
doesn't go through the IPS's server, but which direction is that influence -
some would claim they reduce it (lots of spam from hijacked machines,
probably on dial-up accounts which have to go through ISP's server).

> > A charging model which allows say 50 emails per day free will
> > probably leave email free to the average consumer
>
> What stops spammers from using ISPs that allow unlimited email, or
> inventing their own "ISPs"?

Nothing, that's one of the resons the e-post idea won't work without
transfer payments (it's just a small generalisation of the "the spammer sets
up his own ISP" problem that I pointed out and you have conveniently
snipped).

> > There is no need to introduce inter-ISP payments for handling
> > each-other's email traffic distinct from any payments already used
> > for providing bandwidth and/or handling general internet traffic.
>
> Somebody who hosts a website generally doesn't much care how much
> somebody else's customers look at that website (and somebody with
> customers doesn't care what websites they look at or how much).  But
> the whole problem here is that people _do_ care about how much email
> gets received.

If that's true, why haven't the ISPs already introduced such inter-ISP
payments to cover this thing they care about?  inter-ISP payments for email
volume might work extremely well as a means of reducing spam (since it would
encourage ISPs obliged to make the payments to crack down on it) if set at a
high enough level, and would certainly work better on their own without the
added complication of e-stamps or whatever involving the end users.

> > The european postal union certainly deosn't have such transfer
> > payments between its members, why should an email system?
>
> If it doesn't, what stops a spammer from joining?

Nothing, except that if the stamp cost is low enough he has no incentive to
join.  Wasn't that the precise point I made before, and which you have
snipped?

> > The vast bureaucracy may not be too great a price to pay to
> > eliminate spam.  Government control of our email (through government
> > regulation of the clearing houses) may not be too great a price to
> > pay.
>
> It is for something that won't work.  (When has a government provided
> anything else?)

Are you agreeing with me vehemently, or something?  The sentence you snipped
here read "Personally, I'd prefer to carry on searching for a better
solution."



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Subject: [Asrg] 2b. New draft of the LMAP Discussion document posted
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A new draft of the LMAP discussion document has been posted to the ID 
archive:

http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-irtf-asrg-lmap-discussion-01.txt

When providing comments, keep in mind that IRTF documents do not require 
consensus to be published as per section 3 of RFC 2014.

Yakov
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mathew wrote:
> On Apr 19, 2004, at 19:28, Yakov Shafranovich wrote:
...
>> I am refering to the issue of hijacked computers. With an e-postage 
>> system nothing stops a spammer from stealing Aunt Mary's computer via 
>> a virus and sending out spam with her e-postage account. Who is going 
>> to pay in that case? The usual response to that example is that her 
>> e-postage account will run out. This is basically the same as rate 
>> limiting and can be done today without resorting to e-postage. But 
>> rate limiting is not always possible such as when an ISP rents out the 
>> underlying connectivity from a third party. There was also a 
>> suggestion in one of the subgroups to write up a BCP describing how to 
>> do rate limiting.
> 
> 
> Your logic here seems to be "having a limited supply of funds to be used 
> for e-postage is a bit like rate limiting, and rate limiting is 
> sometimes difficult, hence limiting e-postage funds is difficult". 
> Needless to say, that doesn't follow at all. A dolphin is a bit like a 
> fish, and fish can't breathe air, therefore dolphins can't breathe air.
> 

What I am trying to say is that if the whole intent of e-postage is to 
do rate-limiting, then just do rate limiting and skip the e-postage.

> 
>> Otherwise, I do not see what the ASRG or the IETF can do for or 
>> against e-postage - it is simply not within the scope of standards at 
>> this point.
> 
> 
> Well, it might be useful to set out some requirements. Or is that not 
> within the IETF's remit? (Serious question.)
> 

It is more of an IRTF issue at this point, so if sufficient people want 
to pursue discussion on it, we can spill it off into a separate ASRG list.

However, what I am really interest in seeing about e-postage is 
discussion on how it can stop spam. Perhaps we can look into why people 
think that e-postage will stop spam and carry over those principles into 
other proposals. I want to isolate the principles of why e-postage will 
help from the actual technical problems involved with making e-postage 
work such double-spending.

Yakov
-------
Yakov Shafranovich / asrg <at> shaftek.org
SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc. / research <at> solidmatrix.com
"Some lies are easier to believe than the truth" (Dune)
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Barry Shein wrote:

> On April 19, 2004 at 23:24 research@solidmatrix.com (Yakov Shafranovich) wrote:
>  
>  > for any proposal calling for a major infrastructure overhaul - there 
>  > simply isn't enough monetary or non-monetary incentive for network 
>  > operators, software providers and governments to make a major change of 
>  > that scale. It may very well be that the system may collapse due to that 
>  > (which I personally do not think will happen).
> 
> It (e-postage) doesn't require much any infrastructure overhaul.
> 
> Maybe some ways of imagining it being implemented do, but maybe the
> goal should be to say well, if we do it that way it'd require a major
> infrastructure haul, can we do it some other way.
> 

Let me ask a different question - can you elaborate as to the specific 
reasons why e-postage will help with spam. Perhaps we can achieve those 
same reasons with other means as well.

> In brief how about:
> 
>    A) Each ISP creates stamps according to some accepted method,
>    probably some cryptographic approach. Think SSL certificates or
>    some similar precedent.
> 
>    B) They attach a stamp to mail according to some policy such
>    as e-mail originating from their customers.
> 
>    C) Stamps can be allocated according to any policy they choose, at
>    least at first. For example, give each customer 1,000 stamps per
>    month and charge for excess, whatever, that's a marketing decision.
> 
>    D) However, other ISPs can choose to transit or not email with
>    particular stamps.
> 

There would be an issue of distributed trust. Your ISP has to establish 
trust with each ISP that issues stamps. A more viable solution would be 
using a few centralized authorities to issue certificates that can allow 
ISPs to issue stamps. But then you run into the question of what happens 
if a spammer operates an ISP. Today's CAs do not revoke certificates for 
policy reasons but that can probably be changed.

>    E) Unstamped mail could be accepted for a while and then ISPs can
>    choose to reject it.
> 

There is really no way to restrict unstamped email unless it goes to the 
ISPs mail servers. I just want to point out this distinction - people 
would still be free to run their own email servers over whatever system 
they would like such as FreeNet.

> Ok, maybe it needs work. But it's hardly off-the-wall, and it doesn't
> require major infrastructure nor would take years and years. If a few
> major players said this is the way we're going, here's some software
> to do this, and we'd be off and running.
> 
> I don't propose that as a worked-out solution, only as an example that
> one can approach the problem more positively, and to point out that
> ready-made, all-purpose blow-offs like "it would take too long" really
> don't improve the quality of discussion, except perhaps when posed as
> questions rather than assertions.
> 
> 

What I am really interested in discussing is why this would help. The 
issues of how e-postage would work can be left to be worked out but the 
interesting thing is how will e-postage help with spam?

Yakov
-------
Yakov Shafranovich / asrg <at> shaftek.org
SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc. / research <at> solidmatrix.com
"And this too shall come to pass"
-------

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Subject: RE: [Asrg] Re: E-postage
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Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com> wrote:

[snip]

> There would be an issue of distributed trust. Your ISP has to establish
> trust with each ISP that issues stamps. A more viable solution would be
> using a few centralized authorities to issue certificates that can allow
> ISPs to issue stamps. But then you run into the question of what happens
> if a spammer operates an ISP. Today's CAs do not revoke certificates for
> policy reasons but that can probably be changed.

Why do you think that can be changed?  The CAs are in the CA business to
make money.  Managing a revocation list and making it accessible is an
expense, and there appears to be no return on it.  The CA has maybe never
heard of a person who relies on a certificate, has no contractual
relationship with someone who relies on a certificate, so someone who relies
on the certificate has no come-back against the CA, the CA has no liability
for any loss incurred through reliance on its certificates.  On the other
hand, the CA has a clear contractual relationship with the person it
certifies (at least in the current model, where the person certified buys
the certificate from the CA), so if it revokes the certificate it may get
dragged through the courts (win or lose, being dragged through the courts is
a pain no-one wants).  So why would a CA set up an expensive reveocation
mechanism and risk court action against it by its customers in order to make
someone who has no connection at all with it a bit happier?

Tom


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From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@ox.org>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 2b. SMTP-VERIFY - Request to publish LMAP proposals 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Tue, 20 Apr 2004 00:09:15 EDT."
             <4084A26B.7020904@solidmatrix.com> 
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Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com> wrote:
> As per MARID charter, the IRTF chair and the chairs of the ASRG received 
> a request from the IESG to submit the LMAP proposals and the LMAP 
> discussion document to the RFC Editor for publication.

  There is a new version of the discussion document available.
Feedback and comments should be given here.

  I plan on issuing at least one more draft before submitting it to
the RFC editor.

  http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-irtf-asrg-lmap-discussion-01.txt

  Alan DeKok.

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Yakov Shafranovich <Yakov Shafranovich> wrote:

> Let me ask a different question - can you elaborate as to the specific
> reasons why e-postage will help with spam. Perhaps we can achieve those
> same reasons with other means as well.

Surely the argument is that if the cost of sending spam goes up to such a
level that sending spam ceases to be profitable, then no-one will do it any
more?

I don't fully believe this argument myself, or at least I don't believe it
can be achieved by e-postage, for a number of reasons.

First, we still see junk mail on paper.  Something like 65% of my paper mail
is junk. So the charge for paper mail hasn't eliminated spam.

Second, who pays the charge?  If a spammer "owns" a bunch of zombie machines
scattered round the world, they pay the email charge - he doesn't.  So it's
not much of a deterrent to him.  Of course it may encourage people to secure
their machines so that they don't end up paying, but I'm not certain that
that will produce a big reduction in volume - look at the number of critical
security problems published in the last year (by reliable bodies like CERT)
for *NIX systems, or the rather smaller number for Windows systems - and
look at the delays in availability of fixes.  There's plenty of window for
the attackers even if people are sufficiently clued up to keep their
machines "secure".  Of course it's possible to build very secure systems and
to use multiple layers of firewalls, but the average guy is not going to do
that because it's both extremely difficult with current platforms and very
expensive.

Third, there's one born every minute. The spammer can recruit people as
spam-mailers, people who believe they will make money by working for him and
won't stop sending spam on his behalf until they have lost a packet (some
won't even stop until they've gone bankrupt).  They make the losses, he
makes the profits.

Fourth, we don't know what the value (to the spammer) of spam is.  Obviously
different spams generate different returns. The gullibility and greed of
some people is so great that even with a high email price some spams will
remain profitable - and of course this relates to the first point above.  So
we don't know how high we have to set the price to get spam down to a
"reasonable" level, and setting the price too high is as bad as the spam -
my email is just as unusable if no-one can afford to email me as it is if I
have to spend too much time filtering out the spam. Maybe over time we can
find the right pricing level, if there is one, but maybe there isn't a right
pricing level to find.

Tom




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"Tom Thomson" <tthomson@neosinteractive.com> wrote:
> Seth Breidbart <sethb@panix.com> wrote@
>
>> "Tom Thomson" <tthomson@neosinteractive.com> wrote:
>> (He didn't quote properly, so it isn't clear what he wrote.)
>
> Maybe your MUA needs fixing. Or maybe you aren't aware of the convention
> that the symbol ">" at the beginning of a line indicates that the line is
> quoted, and the absence of that symbol indicates that it is not?

Or maybe one paragraph read like a reply to the preceding one, but
neither was quoted.

>> > How come SSL certificates in HTTPS transactions can work? Aren't they
>> > reasonably analogous?
>>
>> No; anybody can generate one.  Somebody who wanted billions of valid
>> ones could just spend a little CPU time.
>
> I think it';s pretty clear here that you are answering Barry, not me. What
> do you thing ">" at the beginning of a line means?

If you count, you'll notice that the single ">" in my message was
inserted by _me_; your message lacked it, which is why I believed you
quoted improperly.

>> > For most users, all outgping email is already routed through the
>> > ISP's outgoing mail servers, so the extra costs they cause are
>> > limited to the cost of generating the digest and signing it. For
>> > most emails, outgpoing email is not routed through the ISP's
>> > servers, so there is also the additional cost of accepting, storing,
>> > and forwarding the email.
>> The reason for the discrepancy is probably just spam.
> No, it certainly isn't.  Most users are not savvy, are using dial-up (or
> ADSL) connections, and all there stuff goes through the ISPs server (which
> is where thir dial-up connection or their always-on DSL connection ends).
> Most email comes from business users who use there own mail server, rather
> than their ISP's mail server.  That's nothing to do with spam.

I don't know how you conclude that there's more business than
individual email; however, according to those with the ability to
measure, the majority of email is spam.

In any case, for the purposes of this sort of structure, a business
might as well be considered an ISP.

>> > There is no need to introduce inter-ISP payments for handling
>> > each-other's email traffic distinct from any payments already used
>> > for providing bandwidth and/or handling general internet traffic.
>>
>> Somebody who hosts a website generally doesn't much care how much
>> somebody else's customers look at that website (and somebody with
>> customers doesn't care what websites they look at or how much).  But
>> the whole problem here is that people _do_ care about how much email
>> gets received.
>
> If that's true, why haven't the ISPs already introduced such inter-ISP
> payments to cover this thing they care about?

There is no "the ISPs".  There are lots of individual ISPs.  They
don't cooperate all that well.

Guess what will happen to the first ISP that demands payments to
receive email.  If you guessed anything other than "it won't get any"
you lose.

>  inter-ISP payments for email volume might work extremely well as a
> means of reducing spam (since it would encourage ISPs obliged to
> make the payments to crack down on it) if set at a high enough
> level, and would certainly work better on their own without the
> added complication of e-stamps or whatever involving the end users.

How do you set it up and enforce it?  You can't get there from here.

>> > The european postal union certainly deosn't have such transfer
>> > payments between its members, why should an email system?
>> If it doesn't, what stops a spammer from joining?
>
> Nothing, except that if the stamp cost is low enough he has no incentive to
> join.

So a low enough stamp cost won't deter spammers, and a higher stamp
cost will get them to join and still not deter them.

Seth

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"Tom Thomson" <tthomson@neosinteractive.com> wrote:
> Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com> wrote:

>> Today's CAs do not revoke certificates for
>> policy reasons but that can probably be changed.
>
> Why do you think that can be changed?  The CAs are in the CA business to
> make money.

Nobody is going to trust an irrevocable mailing certificate, so nobody
is going to buy them.

In any case, revocation per se isn't strictly necessary.  For
instance, issue (at a noticeable price) one-day certificates, which
can be renewed a day at a time for free if they aren't used to sign
spam.  Non-spammers pay a one-time fee (refundable, even); spammers
lose their deposit for a single day of spamming (and even that runs
into BLs of "don't trust this certificate" which could be run by third
parties).

Seth

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On Sat, Apr 10, 2004 at 11:36:22PM -0400, Yakov Shafranovich wrote:
> A new blacklists for spamvertized domains has been brought up. You can 
> find it at:
> 
> http://www.surbl.org/

Hmm... maybe I am misreading, but this seems just wrong:

    It's important to note that SURBL should be used with the basic,
    "registrar" domain, i.e., the domain name that would be registered
    at a registrar. While the current version does count frequently
    occurring spam subdomains (e.g., subdomain.spamdomain.com), future
    versions of SURBL will probably only have the basic domain (e.g.,
    spamdomain.com). Therefore applications using SURBL should remove
    all but the basic domain before trying to match them. Due to the
    way the current data is counted, the basic domain will work just
    as well or better than one with a subdomain. Therefore for future
    compatibility SURBL users should start using only the base domain.

Better terminology would help- I'm reading the above to mean that
they reduce every name to a second-level domain.  In that case 
if there's a spamvertized domain in, say, "nh.us" then all of nh.us
is impacted.  Hardly seems like a good thing to me.

Actually the FAQ goes on to say (or at least I infer- it's hard to
read), that reports are counted at each level (so a report on
foo.nh.us would add a count to both "foo.nh.us" and "nh.us").  However
it also recommends that the client check the second level domain
first, and also says that it's likely that *only* second level domains
will be listed in the future.

I understand the goal of trying to de-randomize (and normalize)
spamvertized URLs.  But I don't really think subdomain stripping alone
is workable.  Normalizing a la URIDNSBL seems slightly better,
although still not perfect.

mm

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Seth Breidbart <sethb@panix.com> worte
> "Tom Thomson" <tthomson@neosinteractive.com> wrote:
> > Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com> wrote:
>
> >> Today's CAs do not revoke certificates for
> >> policy reasons but that can probably be changed.
> >
> > Why do you think that can be changed?  The CAs are in the CA business to
> > make money.
>
> Nobody is going to trust an irrevocable mailing certificate, so nobody
> is going to buy them.

But there are hordes of CAs out there making money of what are, in effect,
irevocable certificates. How are you going to get CAs to change their
behaviour?

> In any case, revocation per se isn't strictly necessary.  For
> instance, issue (at a noticeable price) one-day certificates, which
> can be renewed a day at a time for free if they aren't used to sign
> spam.  Non-spammers pay a one-time fee (refundable, even); spammers
> lose their deposit for a single day of spamming (and even that runs
> into BLs of "don't trust this certificate" which could be run by third
> parties).

That's an interesting idea. Of course the CAs have the problem of managing
daily renewals, which isn't a zero cost operation, but if every user of
email in the world needs a ertificate there's a big enough market to make a
good profit on small margins.

But will Aunt Mary be able to work out how to generate a key-pair and send
the public half off for signing, and install the certificate when it comes
back and install a new certificate every day when it arrives?  How much of
this can be automated for Aunt Mary in the MUA?  Do have you a less
complicated certificate mechanism in mind?

A possible problem: sometimes mail is sent to a machine that is currently
off line, and gets held in some relay (the outgoing mail server) for some
days.  Lets hope that the next machine down the line checks the
certificate's valididity for the date in the first Received header, not the
date at which it receives the mail, or the certificate will appear out of
date.  On second thoughts, let's hope it doesn't - or I can just stick a
fake received by header at the front of my mail and that certificate that
never got renewed because it was used to send spam can be used for quite
some time - but then it becomes hard to send mail from a machine that's
often off line to another machine that's often off line - you have to find a
day when they are both on line. Of course if email were always a single
end-to-end transaction life would be much easier.

Tom


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From: Seth Breidbart <sethb@panix.com>
To: asrg@ietf.org
In-reply-to: <IOEPKAPPDKHPENCKFNNGEEDODDAA.tthomson@neosinteractive.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: E-postage
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"Tom Thomson" <tthomson@neosinteractive.com> wrote:
> Seth Breidbart <sethb@panix.com> worte
>> "Tom Thomson" <tthomson@neosinteractive.com> wrote:
>> > Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com> wrote:

>> Nobody is going to trust an irrevocable mailing certificate, so nobody
>> is going to buy them.
>
> But there are hordes of CAs out there making money of what are, in effect,
> irevocable certificates. How are you going to get CAs to change their
> behaviour?

In deciding which email to receive (or allow to bypass strong
filtration), would you trust an irrevocable certificate from TrustE?
How about one from Verislime?  How about a revocable certificate from
Spamhaus?

If you want your email to be received, which of those would you buy?

> But will Aunt Mary be able to work out how to generate a key-pair
> and send the public half off for signing, and install the
> certificate when it comes back and install a new certificate every
> day when it arrives?

No, but Aunt Mary doesn't know how to send mail other than through her
ISP's mail swerver, which will take care of all that stuff for her.

> A possible problem: sometimes mail is sent to a machine that is currently
> off line, and gets held in some relay (the outgoing mail server) for some
> days.

One possible solution is to check the old certificate for revocation.

Or, any outgoing server should have its own certificate, so it can
re-sign the message when it comes back online.

Any incoming server should check the certificate upon receipt; if the
user doesn't trust his own incoming server, he has bigger problems.

Seth

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Tom Thomson wrote:

> But will Aunt Mary be able to work out how to generate a key-pair and s=
end
> the public half off for signing, and install the certificate when it co=
mes
> back and install a new certificate every day when it arrives?  How much=
 of
> this can be automated for Aunt Mary in the MUA?  Do have you a less
> complicated certificate mechanism in mind?

The MUA can handle that process transparently. Besides, it's not=20
necessary for Aunt Mary to get her certificate signed by the Root-CA -=20
this can be delegated, most likely to her ISP. The ISP would then need=20
to get a signing certificate signed by the CA et voil=E0.

Of course that's a very different business models for CAs. Established=20
CAs will want to fight with ISPs over who gets what percentage of Aunt=20
Marys monthly charges.

OTOH, there is no need that the "mailing CAs" are the same as the=20
oligopolistic list embedded in webbrowsers.


> A possible problem: sometimes mail is sent to a machine that is current=
ly
> off line, and gets held in some relay (the outgoing mail server) for so=
me
> days.  Lets hope that the next machine down the line checks the
> certificate's valididity for the date in the first Received header, not=
 the
> date at which it receives the mail, or the certificate will appear out =
of
> date.

PKIs can be designed to allow for such overlaps.

-- Matthias

--=20
Braindump-Blog                             http://matthias.leisi.net/

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>     It's important to note that SURBL should be used with the basic,
>     "registrar" domain, i.e., the domain name that would be registered
>     at a registrar.  [...]

> Better terminology would help- I'm reading the above to mean that
> they reduce every name to a second-level domain.

I'm not.

There are plenty of TLDs where registrars register things at levels
other than the second.  For example, my own domain
(rodents.montreal.qc.ca) is a regstrar domain in this sense; qc.ca is
nothing.

/~\ The ASCII				der Mouse
\ / Ribbon Campaign
 X  Against HTML	       mouse@rodents.montreal.qc.ca
/ \ Email!	     7D C8 61 52 5D E7 2D 39  4E F1 31 3E E8 B3 27 4B

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On Thu, Apr 22, 2004 at 04:37:42PM -0400, der Mouse wrote:
> >     It's important to note that SURBL should be used with the basic,
> >     "registrar" domain, i.e., the domain name that would be registered
> >     at a registrar.  [...]
> 
> > Better terminology would help- I'm reading the above to mean that
> > they reduce every name to a second-level domain.
> 
> I'm not.
> 
> There are plenty of TLDs where registrars register things at levels
> other than the second.  For example, my own domain
> (rodents.montreal.qc.ca) is a regstrar domain in this sense; qc.ca is
> nothing.

Yes, very much part of my point.

mm


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Subject: [Asrg] E-postage: change economics of spam & discuss on a separate list
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Yakov Shafranovich wrote:
[snip earlier context because it's no longer relevant]
> What I am trying to say is that if the whole intent of e-postage is to 
> do rate-limiting, then just do rate limiting and skip the e-postage.

The purpose of E-postage, as I see such proposals, is to make the cost of 
indiscriminate spamming prohibitive. This does inherently rate-limit, but 
the intent is that spammers' customers won't see anything close to the 
current ROI of spamming.

>>> Otherwise, I do not see what the ASRG or the IETF can do for or 
>>> against e-postage - it is simply not within the scope of standards at 
>>> this point.
>>
>> Well, it might be useful to set out some requirements. Or is that not 
>> within the IETF's remit? (Serious question.)
> 
> It is more of an IRTF issue at this point, so if sufficient people want 
> to pursue discussion on it, we can spill it off into a separate ASRG list.

I think it would be good to establish a separate list for discussion of this 
nature. There are many people with fine ideas, and it would help to collect 
them in a list which doesn't have have the denizens screaming that e-postage 
is evil.

> However, what I am really interest in seeing about e-postage is 
> discussion on how it can stop spam. Perhaps we can look into why people 
> think that e-postage will stop spam and carry over those principles into 
> other proposals. I want to isolate the principles of why e-postage will 
> help from the actual technical problems involved with making e-postage 
> work such double-spending.

As I said above, e-postage removes the economic incentives to spam. I really 
think that further discussion on the general list is not too productive.

Philip Miller

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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: E-postage
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On April 22, 2004 at 09:08 research@solidmatrix.com (Yakov Shafranovich) wrote:
 > 
 > Let me ask a different question - can you elaborate as to the specific 
 > reasons why e-postage will help with spam. Perhaps we can achieve those 
 > same reasons with other means as well.

1. A way to measure and charge for resources consumed.

2. An incentive for measuring such things (like, claiming your
settlements if it came to that.) It would be a nice first result if
some sort of awareness resulted, like if someone's PC is being
exploited by a spammer whenever their screen-saver runs and their ISP
hasn't really paid attention maybe seeing "you sent 134,377 emal
messages yesterday" on sign-up might pique their interest.

And if their ISP can't be bothered to even do that then maybe when
*their* next level up or whatever, perhaps some large service they
would rather not lose contact with who is on the ball, says "you sent
16,333,432 messages to our customers last month, 20M would be
considered excessive" and lazy ISP says wait, I only have 5,000
customers, that's over 3,000 msgs/customer/month or 100/customer per
day just to this one service THAT DOESN'T SEEM LIKELY maybe I'd better
pay attention before I hit that 20M...

3. Would/Could turn spam into a simple "theft-of-service" sort of
crime, where it's fraudulently sent.

4. Most importantly, would have the potential (start down the road)
for making the economics of spam as we know it, sending out tens of
millions of spams per day just to get a few nibbles, impossible.


 > There is really no way to restrict unstamped email unless it goes to the 
 > ISPs mail servers. I just want to point out this distinction - people 
 > would still be free to run their own email servers over whatever system 
 > they would like such as FreeNet.

And we can't decrement TTLs in IP packets unless the email or other
service does end-to-end w/ the ISP?

I don't think so.

Again, a straw man model.

 > 
 > What I am really interested in discussing is why this would help. The 
 > issues of how e-postage would work can be left to be worked out but the 
 > interesting thing is how will e-postage help with spam?
 > 

Because the fundamental cause of spam is the absence of any
relationship between resources consumed and resources paid for, to an
astronomical sense. So much so that I assert spamming cannot exist
without criminal abuse of others' resources. But this sort of approach
will also help control a rich and reasonably honest mass advertiser.

But that resource reality includes victims of spammers such as people
who won't secure open proxies etc (with some appropriate leeway for
mercy.)

-- 
        -Barry Shein

Software Tool & Die    | bzs@TheWorld.com           | http://www.TheWorld.com
Purveyors to the Trade | Voice: 617-739-0202        | Login: 617-739-WRLD
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On April 22, 2004 at 16:05 tthomson@neosinteractive.com (Tom Thomson) wrote:
 > First, we still see junk mail on paper.  Something like 65% of my paper mail
 > is junk. So the charge for paper mail hasn't eliminated spam.

So you're saying unless it's zero then it's useless? I think this is
called "making the best the enemy of the good".

 > Second, who pays the charge?  If a spammer "owns" a bunch of zombie machines
 > scattered round the world, they pay the email charge - he doesn't.  So it's
 > not much of a deterrent to him.  Of course it may encourage people to secure
 > their machines so that they don't end up paying, but I'm not certain that

That's all, you just answered your own question.

 > that will produce a big reduction in volume - look at the number of critical
 > security problems published in the last year (by reliable bodies like CERT)
 > for *NIX systems, or the rather smaller number for Windows systems - and
 > look at the delays in availability of fixes.  There's plenty of window for
 > the attackers even if people are sufficiently clued up to keep their
 > machines "secure".  Of course it's possible to build very secure systems and
 > to use multiple layers of firewalls, but the average guy is not going to do
 > that because it's both extremely difficult with current platforms and very
 > expensive.

So I assume you have a foolproof, perfect solution to spam?

Or you're just determined to wait until one comes along and let the
status quo be?

My assertion is that if people are abusing free resources in a big way
then charge for them, set up a charging mechanism that deters the
abusers w/o discouraging the honest!

How hard is that to understand?

 > Third, there's one born every minute. The spammer can recruit people as
 > spam-mailers, people who believe they will make money by working for him and
 > won't stop sending spam on his behalf until they have lost a packet (some
 > won't even stop until they've gone bankrupt).  They make the losses, he
 > makes the profits.

So?

At least their money, or lack thereof, places an upper-bound on the
damage they can do. When they run out of money, they stop spamming,
what a wonderful result.

Just how much of the human condition are you trying to fix via this
topic?

I'd be more concerned about something like child porn on the net, in
general (nothing to do with spam per se), than the possibility that
someone might get conned by a spammer into sending email and lose a
few bucks on the deal. Just as a f'rinstance.

 > Fourth, we don't know what the value (to the spammer) of spam is.  Obviously
 > different spams generate different returns. The gullibility and greed of
 > some people is so great that even with a high email price some spams will
 > remain profitable - and of course this relates to the first point above.  So
 > we don't know how high we have to set the price to get spam down to a
 > "reasonable" level, and setting the price too high is as bad as the spam -
 > my email is just as unusable if no-one can afford to email me as it is if I
 > have to spend too much time filtering out the spam. Maybe over time we can
 > find the right pricing level, if there is one, but maybe there isn't a right
 > pricing level to find.

Now you're way out of anything this list could rationally deal with
(unless you're posting from some country with a centralized pricing
board.)

You let the market decide.

Put another way, do you think you and your friends emailing is
comparable to a spammer's? The more noxious spammers probably send on
the order of tens of millions of messages per day. Do you even send
tens of messages per day, upwards of 100? If not, then we're looking
at a millionfold difference in volume, and probably a lot more (the
spammer does it 7 days a week) between your habits and a spammer's.

I suspect that in a millionfold difference there's some room for
pricing decisions.

-- 
        -Barry Shein

Software Tool & Die    | bzs@TheWorld.com           | http://www.TheWorld.com
Purveyors to the Trade | Voice: 617-739-0202        | Login: 617-739-WRLD
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On April 22, 2004 at 08:57 research@solidmatrix.com (Yakov Shafranovich) wrote:
 > What I am trying to say is that if the whole intent of e-postage is to 
 > do rate-limiting, then just do rate limiting and skip the e-postage.

Why would anyone do rate-limiting so long as they can entice customers
by offering them unlimited, free access to YOUR mailbox?

It's beginning to install a charging mechanism and charges which will
impose realistic rate-limiting.

But a good first step would be creating mechanisms whereby everyone
(well, at least ISPs or sizeable corps etc) can easily know what the
situation is in cold, hard, numbers.

 > However, what I am really interest in seeing about e-postage is 
 > discussion on how it can stop spam. Perhaps we can look into why people 
 > think that e-postage will stop spam and carry over those principles into 
 > other proposals. I want to isolate the principles of why e-postage will 
 > help from the actual technical problems involved with making e-postage 
 > work such double-spending.

Because money talks and bullshit walks, Yakov, in as few words as is
probably possible.

We may not move it all to an idealized charging/settlement system in
one fell swoop.

But we can begin to move down that road by thinking about resource
accountability and mechanism to help with that.

Hell, you can do other things with the numbers, that's one underlying
confusion, mechanism versus policy.

-- 
        -Barry Shein

Software Tool & Die    | bzs@TheWorld.com           | http://www.TheWorld.com
Purveyors to the Trade | Voice: 617-739-0202        | Login: 617-739-WRLD
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--Apple-Mail-4--845883140
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On Apr 21, 2004, at 21:21, Seth Breidbart quoted someone:
>> How come SSL certificates in HTTPS transactions can work? Aren't they
>> reasonably analogous?
>
> No; anybody can generate one.  Somebody who wanted billions of valid
> ones could just spend a little CPU time.

No, it doesn't work like that. If it did, SSL would be useless.

Sure, I can generate a self-signed SSL certificate, but that's not 
going to get me anywhere. See 
<URL:http://milliwaysconsulting.net/support/install_ca/mail.app.html> 
for example, for discussion of the lengths you have to go to to get 
Apple Mail to accept some random person's SSL cert.

I guess the spammers could cold-call Aunt Tillie on the phone and walk 
her through the process of importing their self-signed certificate so 
that their bogus postage would be accepted, but at least it would slow 
them down a bit, eh?  And if the postage verification was performed by 
her ISP, they'd have to persuade *them* to accept SSL certs signed by 
"Nigerian Opt-In Communications Inc." or whatever.

Ask yourself why phishing sites don't use SSL.


mathew
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: E-postage
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On Apr 22, 2004, at 11:05, Tom Thomson wrote:
> Surely the argument is that if the cost of sending spam goes up to 
> such a
> level that sending spam ceases to be profitable, then no-one will do 
> it any
> more?
>
> I don't fully believe this argument myself, or at least I don't 
> believe it
> can be achieved by e-postage, for a number of reasons.

Well, look at it this way: The *worst possible case* is that e-postage 
completely fails to make any dent in the amount of spam I receive, but 
I now get (say) 5 cents per spam in e-postage.

Looking at this month's statistics, I'd be getting $20 a month free 
money from the spammers. That's enough to pay for a free Internet 
connection. Heck, if I make my postage 10 cents, they'll be buying me a 
free cable modem connection. Now, that's a worst case I'm prepared to 
live with!

> First, we still see junk mail on paper.  Something like 65% of my 
> paper mail
> is junk. So the charge for paper mail hasn't eliminated spam.

Do you get 50 pieces of paper junk mail every day? I don't. Maybe 
e-postage won't eliminate spam, but I'll settle for spam dropping in 
volume by a factor of 10 as a worthy start.

> Second, who pays the charge?  If a spammer "owns" a bunch of zombie 
> machines
> scattered round the world, they pay the email charge - he doesn't.  So 
> it's
> not much of a deterrent to him.

On the other hand, he's now committing actual theft from thousands of 
people, which may gain the interest of law enforcement.

> Third, there's one born every minute. The spammer can recruit people as
> spam-mailers, people who believe they will make money by working for 
> him and
> won't stop sending spam on his behalf until they have lost a packet 
> (some
> won't even stop until they've gone bankrupt).  They make the losses, he
> makes the profits.

Hey, if a spammer can find enough suckers to buy me free Internet, I'm 
not complaining.

> So we don't know how high we have to set the price to get spam down to 
> a
> "reasonable" level, and setting the price too high is as bad as the 
> spam -
> my email is just as unusable if no-one can afford to email me as it is 
> if I
> have to spend too much time filtering out the spam.

You mean no-one can afford to *risk* e-mailing you and *risk* having 
you cash the postage, right? Because you don't *have* to cash the 
e-postage...

> Maybe over time we can find the right pricing level, if there is one, 
> but maybe there isn't a right pricing level to find.

Well, there's only one way to find out, because we sure as hell can't 
trust the spammers to tell us.


mathew


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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: the e-postage argument
References: <IOEPKAPPDKHPENCKFNNGKECPDDAA.tthomson@neosinteractive.com> <200404220121.i3M1Lu022626@panix5.panix.com> <8D34D8AA-94CF-11D8-BE9A-00039380F1B6@pobox.com>
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mathew <meta@pobox.com> wrote:
> On Apr 21, 2004, at 21:21, Seth Breidbart quoted someone:
>>> How come SSL certificates in HTTPS transactions can work? Aren't they
>>> reasonably analogous?
>>
>> No; anybody can generate one.  Somebody who wanted billions of valid
>> ones could just spend a little CPU time.
>
> No, it doesn't work like that. If it did, SSL would be useless.

No, SSL encrypts.

> Sure, I can generate a self-signed SSL certificate, but that's not 
> going to get me anywhere.

It does for a number of stores I shop at.

After all, what value does having a certificate signed by Verisign
actually provide?  If it turns out to be bogus and you lose money,
will Verisign compensate you?  Does Verisign have any actual
responsibility to you, the truster of a certificate they issued?

Or do you just like the assurance that "This certificate was issued by
somebody who paid (somebody who paid)* to have a root certificate
pre-implanted in my browser"?

> Ask yourself why phishing sites don't use SSL.

Why should they bother?  Would it increase their success ratio?

Seth

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From: John Levine <asrg@johnlevine.com>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: the e-postage argument
In-Reply-To: <IOEPKAPPDKHPENCKFNNGKECPDDAA.tthomson@neosinteractive.com>
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> The european postal union certainly deosn't have such transfer
> payments between its members, why should an email system?

I think it would be a good idea to look at this page:

http://www.upu.int/payment_compensation/en/index.html

You might want to take a look at http://www.upu.int in general.

Don't miss the page where it says that their new low-cost online
settlement clearing system costs betwen CH 1500 and CH 15000 per
year (CH == Swiss francs) depending on how big you are.

R's,
John

PS: I agree with everyone who says that rate limiting outbound mail
from customers you don't know well is a good idea.  But of course you
can do that without faux postage.

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From: John Levine <asrg@johnlevine.com>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: E-postage
In-Reply-To: <1010DC0F-94D2-11D8-BE9A-00039380F1B6@pobox.com>
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>Well, look at it this way: The *worst possible case* is that e-postage 
>completely fails to make any dent in the amount of spam I receive, but 
>I now get (say) 5 cents per spam in e-postage.

No, the worst possible case is that you get just as much spam as you
do now, you get paid nothing for your incoming spam becasue spammers
subvert the charging system, and your monthly ISP bill goes up to pay
for the overhead of the complex but useless e-postage system.

A common FUSSP error is to assume that spammers will play by your
rules.

Regards,
John Levine, johnl@taugh.com, Taughannock Networks, Trumansburg NY
http://www.taugh.com

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Subject: RE: [Asrg] Re: E-postage
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Barry Shein <bzs@world.std.com> wrote:
> On April 22, 2004 at 16:05 tthomson@neosinteractive.com (Tom Thomson)
wrote:
> > First, we still see junk mail on paper.  Something like 65% of my paper
mail
> > is junk. So the charge for paper mail hasn't eliminated spam.
>
> So you're saying unless it's zero then it's useless? I think this is
> called "making the best the enemy of the good".

No, I'm saying that 65% is far too high.  I receive as much email in a day
as I receive paper mail in a month, and that higher volume burden of
tripling the mail volume with junk mail is much greater.  Currently I don't
see the proportion of spam in (free) email as being much different from the
proportion of spam in (paid, stamped) paper mail so it's not obvious that
switching to a paid, stamped system will improve things.  Other people will
have different experience, for example Alan De Kok seems to see a vastly
higher proportion of spam, whereas some of my colleagues (those who don't
post to ietf lists which publish email addresses of correspondents on a
public web page, for example) see a much lower proportion of spam.

So I would call it "making my self the enemy of something that will cause a
lot of pain and will probably have no useful effect on the problem".

> > Second, who pays the charge?  If a spammer "owns" a bunch of zombie
machines
> > scattered round the world, they pay the email charge - he doesn't.  So
it's
> > not much of a deterrent to him.  Of course it may encourage people to
secure
> > their machines so that they don't end up paying, but I'm not certain
that
>
> That's all, you just answered your own question.

No I didn't.  I made the point that the effect of people securing machines
will be marginal at best (unless thr providers of Unix and Windows systems
get their acts in order - and I'm not holding my breath for that).

> > that will produce a big reduction in volume - look at the number of
critical
> > security problems published in the last year (by reliable bodies like
CERT)
> > for *NIX systems, or the rather smaller number for Windows systems - and
> > look at the delays in availability of fixes.  There's plenty of window
for
> > the attackers even if people are sufficiently clued up to keep their
> > machines "secure".  Of course it's possible to build very secure systems
and
> > to use multiple layers of firewalls, but the average guy is not going to
do
> > that because it's both extremely difficult with current platforms and
very
> > expensive.
>
> So I assume you have a foolproof, perfect solution to spam?

No. If I had I would publish it. At the moment the best approaches I can see
are (a) Seth Breidbarts's proposal for expensive 1 day certificates with
free renewals for non-spammers, (b) a means of source verification combined
with anti-spam legislation and enforcement of it, (c) getting ISPs to do
outgoing spam filtering in their smart-hosts (to eliminate a lot of zombie
spam), (d) getting ISPs to check stuff at their borders (the envelope From
address for something passing out should be inside the boundary), and (e)
getting ISPs to check that the From addresses in mail pushed through their
servers match the dial-up or ADSL connection it arrived on.  Of these, (c),
(d), and (e) have been proposed quite regularly for over a decade, but most
ISPs don't want to know because it solves someone else's problem not theirs,
so I'm not expecting any of those to happen quickly.

> Or you're just determined to wait until one comes along and let the
> status quo be?

No. I want to see things like LDAP and Seth's proposal embodied in RFCs
(some of which will eventuially become standards track RFCs) and things like
items (C), (d), and (e) on my list embedded in BCPs for mail server
operators.  I would also like to see more solutions proposed and debated in
groups like this, so that we can get more proposals onto the standards
track.  Of course I#d also like to see secure bersions of %NIX and Windows,
to kill off zombie spam and zombie relays, but as I said I'm not holding my
breath on that one (thirtyfive years ago we knew how to build secure systems
and how to write operating systems in high level languages to avoid the sort
of flaws which we see so often today;  then came C and C++ and operating
systems written inthose languages, and we've no hope of building a secure
system).

> My assertion is that if people are abusing free resources in a big way
> then charge for them, set up a charging mechanism that deters the
> abusers w/o discouraging the honest!
>
> How hard is that to understand?

No, it's not hard to understand.  It would be nice if we could do it.  I
haven't seen a proposal that sets out a mechanism for doing it yet, though
(apart from Seth's that I proposal referred to above) - just some claims
that it's achievable by some variant of a stamp system.

> > Third, there's one born every minute. The spammer can recruit people as
> > spam-mailers, people who believe they will make money by working for him
and
> > won't stop sending spam on his behalf until they have lost a packet
(some
> > won't even stop until they've gone bankrupt).  They make the losses, he
> > makes the profits.
>
> So?
>
> At least their money, or lack thereof, places an upper-bound on the
> damage they can do. When they run out of money, they stop spamming,
> what a wonderful result.
>
> Just how much of the human condition are you trying to fix via this
> topic?

You miss the point.  I don't much care if the idiots lose money.  what I
care about is that the spammer (the guy who persuades them to send out his
email for him) still makes money, so he will continue to spam.  If there
were few enough idiots in the world that switching some of them off by
bankrupting them would eliminate the spammer's supply of idiots who will
fall for his scam and send his mail for him, I would be supporting your
ideas instead of opposing them.  But as I said, there' one born ebery
minute - there are just too many.

> I'd be more concerned about something like child porn on the net, in
> general (nothing to do with spam per se), than the possibility that
> someone might get conned by a spammer into sending email and lose a
> few bucks on the deal. Just as a f'rinstance.

Me too.  But it's completely off topic here.

> > Fourth, we don't know what the value (to the spammer) of spam is.
Obviously
> > different spams generate different returns. The gullibility and greed of
> > some people is so great that even with a high email price some spams
will
> > remain profitable - and of course this relates to the first point above.
So
> > we don't know how high we have to set the price to get spam down to a
> > "reasonable" level, and setting the price too high is as bad as the
spam -
> > my email is just as unusable if no-one can afford to email me as it is
if I
> > have to spend too much time filtering out the spam. Maybe over time we
can
> > find the right pricing level, if there is one, but maybe there isn't a
right
> > pricing level to find.
>
> Now you're way out of anything this list could rationally deal with
> (unless you're posting from some country with a centralized pricing
> board.)

You're now saying that the list can't rationally deal a pricing level for
email.  So are you being irrational when you say that the list should say
that that pricing level should higher than it is now?  I don't think you are
being irrational, and I don't believe that you think you are either, so I
have to conclude that you made that statement without thinking about what it
meant.

> You let the market decide.

The market decided about two decades ago. It decided that the marginal cost
of email should be zero, or as close to it as makes no matter.  The market
has grown since then, and changed in other ways of course, but it hasn't
changed this decision.


Tom


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From: "Tom Thomson" <tthomson@neosinteractive.com>
To: "John Levine" <asrg@johnlevine.com>, <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] Re: the e-postage argument
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John Levine >asrg@johnlevine.com> wrote:
> > The european postal union certainly deosn't have such transfer
> > payments between its members, why should an email system?
>
> I think it would be a good idea to look at this page:
>
> http://www.upu.int/payment_compensation/en/index.html

You're quite right.  I was relying on someones incorrect description of the
European Court of Justice decision against the German postal service in
cases C147/97 and C148/97.  Your email has made me go and look up the case,
and of course it turns out to be totally irrelevant to terminal charges
(which my informant told me had been abolished within the EU, citing these
cases as evidence for it). That'll teach me to check the references when
someone gives me news.  If I'd though about it properly, I would have
realised that operating without terminal charges within the EU would have
been impossible from 1 Jan 2003 anyway (when postal service liberalisation
was supposedly enforced).

Tom


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From: Daniel Feenberg <feenberg@nber.org>
To: John Levine <asrg@johnlevine.com>
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: the e-postage argument
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On 23 Apr 2004, John Levine wrote:

> > The european postal union certainly deosn't have such transfer
> > payments between its members, why should an email system?
> 
> I think it would be a good idea to look at this page:
> 
> http://www.upu.int/payment_compensation/en/index.html
> 
> You might want to take a look at http://www.upu.int in general.
> 
> Don't miss the page where it says that their new low-cost online
> settlement clearing system costs betwen CH 1500 and CH 15000 per
> year (CH == Swiss francs) depending on how big you are.
> 
> R's,
> John

Traditionally (for 100 years or so) post offices exchanged first class
mail without the exchange of funds, but the rules always required that
such mail hav substantial postage affixed at the source, it is just that
the revenue was not shared with the receiving country PO.

Parcel post has always involved settlements, as far as I know.

Analogies do not make for strong arguments, and I can't tell if this one
favors e-postage or not. The situations are quite different and little is
to be learned by assuming the lessons of one are relevant to the other,
although certainly they can be a source of ideas or inspiration. It does
show that it is possible to have postage without settlements.

Daniel Feenberg



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From: John Levine <asrg@johnlevine.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: the e-postage argument
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>Traditionally (for 100 years or so) post offices exchanged first class
>mail without the exchange of funds, but the rules always required that
>such mail hav substantial postage affixed at the source, it is just that
>the revenue was not shared with the receiving country PO.

Some sources claim that terminal dues weren't introduced until 1969,
others suggest that transit and terminal payments were always
collected.  Hardly matters for this argument.

>Analogies do not make for strong arguments, and I can't tell if this one
>favors e-postage or not.

The main point I was making is that settlement schemes are very
complex, and are not cheap to implement.

I agree that we can exchange e-mail without settlements.  After all,
that's what we do now.  But in the absence of settlements, nobody's
ever offered a persuasive argument for e-postage other than rate
limiting.  If you want to rate limit, you should rate limit, no need
to pretend that stamps are involved.

Regards,
John Levine, johnl@taugh.com, Taughannock Networks, Trumansburg NY
http://www.taugh.com


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From: Barry Shein <bzs@world.std.com>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: [Asrg] Answering a lot of questions about e-postage in a few sentences
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Yes you can equate e-postage to just rate-limiting etc. Why that
seemingly simple thought just hasn't saved the day would seem to beg
its own analysis.

The problem is that spam has a huge social and economic component.

I have noticed that money and the prospect of making some tends to
cause changes in behavior. I'm trying to figure out how to make it
profitable for those who can make a difference to not spam or tolerate
spammers. Some mechanism, metering etc, might facilitate that new
order.

The only way we're going to fight spam is not with a little technical
frill because you'd still have the whole problem of policy, of getting
ISPs et al to adopt it. 

That's why I have little to zero faith in purely technical approaches
that lack social/economic and even legal perception.

It's like listening to someone equate masturbation with successful
child-rearing; surely there are necessary if not sufficient critical
commonalities between the two but let's be frank jerking off is just
jerking off.


-- 
        -Barry Shein

Software Tool & Die    | bzs@TheWorld.com           | http://www.TheWorld.com
Purveyors to the Trade | Voice: 617-739-0202        | Login: 617-739-WRLD
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Subject: RE: [Asrg] Re: the e-postage argument
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> > An implicit assumption in this discussion is that in the ePostage
> > model money must flow from sender to receiver.
>=20
> Well, yes.  The basic problem with spam is the imposition of cost on
> unwilling recipients; I see little point in epostage that pays some
> other party, as then the recipient has still lost; it's just that
> someone else has benefited instead.  I fail to see how this improves
> matters significantly.

It improves matters by significantly raising the transaction cost for
the spammer to send mail (currently ballpark 0.01 cent), thus reducing
the attractiveness of this advertising medium.=20


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Message-ID: <40899587.2060401@solidmatrix.com>
From: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>
Organization: SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc.
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Answering a lot of questions about e-postage in a few
 sentences
References: <200404231812.OAA10248@world.std.com>
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Barry Shein wrote:

> Yes you can equate e-postage to just rate-limiting etc. Why that
> seemingly simple thought just hasn't saved the day would seem to beg
> its own analysis.
> 
> The problem is that spam has a huge social and economic component.
> 
> I have noticed that money and the prospect of making some tends to
> cause changes in behavior. I'm trying to figure out how to make it
> profitable for those who can make a difference to not spam or tolerate
> spammers. Some mechanism, metering etc, might facilitate that new
> order.
> 
> The only way we're going to fight spam is not with a little technical
> frill because you'd still have the whole problem of policy, of getting
> ISPs et al to adopt it. 
> 
> That's why I have little to zero faith in purely technical approaches
> that lack social/economic and even legal perception.
> 

Barry,

You are correct! Only a combination of policy with technology or policy 
by itself can help. However, I think that there are other possibilities 
to achieve the same effect without end-to-end e-postage.

The basic thought behind e-postage is that resources that are being used 
should be charged for. Today we already have one such system which is 
working sucessfully every day - the Internet. ISPs charge each other for 
uplink and downlink bandwidth and resources used. Now, lets say 
hypothetically speaking that all ISPs would charge their customers extra 
for lets say more than 1000 emails/day. Would it achieve the same effect 
as e-postage? Why isn't this model working today?

Yakov
-------
Yakov Shafranovich / asrg <at> shaftek.org
SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc. / research <at> solidmatrix.com
"Some lies are easier to believe than the truth" (Dune)
-------

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Yakov Shafranovich wrote:
> [snip Barry's words and YS's policy comment]
> The basic thought behind e-postage is that resources that are being used 
> should be charged for. Today we already have one such system which is 
> working sucessfully every day - the Internet. ISPs charge each other for 
> uplink and downlink bandwidth and resources used. Now, lets say 
> hypothetically speaking that all ISPs would charge their customers extra 
> for lets say more than 1000 emails/day. Would it achieve the same effect 
> as e-postage? Why isn't this model working today?

Hypothetically, it works in the sense that each step upstream (in 
connectivity, not mail transmission) is charging those immediately 
downstream for messages transmitted. This means that even if spammers 
establish their own ISP, they will be charged by their uplink provider.
However, this doesn't rectify the essential flaw that receivers bear the 
cost burden of email, not senders. Even if this raises the cost to send 
imposed on the sender, it in no way reduces the cost to the receiver.

Philip Miller

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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Answering a lot of questions about e-postage in a few
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No activity towards establishing some reliable standards for metering
et al. It'd be difficult for a non-neutral party to just assert
standards in an area like this. It'd be better to outline some
potential standards and then get feedback from those with a reasonable
interest, the usual building of consensus cycle.

Whatever happened to MS's "caller-id"? Is that dead or did it
disappear into another group? Seemed there was a lot of talk about it
and since I've heard nothing. Did they ever manage to get a completed
example installed for their own domains?

	-b

On April 23, 2004 at 18:15 research@solidmatrix.com (Yakov Shafranovich) wrote:
 > Barry Shein wrote:
 > 
 > > Yes you can equate e-postage to just rate-limiting etc. Why that
 > > seemingly simple thought just hasn't saved the day would seem to beg
 > > its own analysis.
 > > 
 > > The problem is that spam has a huge social and economic component.
 > > 
 > > I have noticed that money and the prospect of making some tends to
 > > cause changes in behavior. I'm trying to figure out how to make it
 > > profitable for those who can make a difference to not spam or tolerate
 > > spammers. Some mechanism, metering etc, might facilitate that new
 > > order.
 > > 
 > > The only way we're going to fight spam is not with a little technical
 > > frill because you'd still have the whole problem of policy, of getting
 > > ISPs et al to adopt it. 
 > > 
 > > That's why I have little to zero faith in purely technical approaches
 > > that lack social/economic and even legal perception.
 > > 
 > 
 > Barry,
 > 
 > You are correct! Only a combination of policy with technology or policy 
 > by itself can help. However, I think that there are other possibilities 
 > to achieve the same effect without end-to-end e-postage.
 > 
 > The basic thought behind e-postage is that resources that are being used 
 > should be charged for. Today we already have one such system which is 
 > working sucessfully every day - the Internet. ISPs charge each other for 
 > uplink and downlink bandwidth and resources used. Now, lets say 
 > hypothetically speaking that all ISPs would charge their customers extra 
 > for lets say more than 1000 emails/day. Would it achieve the same effect 
 > as e-postage? Why isn't this model working today?
 > 
 > Yakov
 > -------
 > Yakov Shafranovich / asrg <at> shaftek.org
 > SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc. / research <at> solidmatrix.com
 > "Some lies are easier to believe than the truth" (Dune)
 > -------

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Barry Shein wrote:
> No activity towards establishing some reliable standards for metering
> et al. It'd be difficult for a non-neutral party to just assert
> standards in an area like this. It'd be better to outline some
> potential standards and then get feedback from those with a reasonable
> interest, the usual building of consensus cycle.

Sounds reasonable.

> Whatever happened to MS's "caller-id"? Is that dead or did it
> disappear into another group? Seemed there was a lot of talk about it
> and since I've heard nothing. Did they ever manage to get a completed
> example installed for their own domains?

MS's point man on C-ID, Harry Katz, is very active on the MARID WG list, 
ietf-mxcomp AT imc.org

The records for their domain include a number of hosts identified by IP 
address, as well as their MX's. Aside from a single IP with NXDOMAIN rDNS, 
all of the listed IPs have .microsoft.com PTR records. From that, plus the 
naming in those PTR records, I'm pretty sure their C-ID records do not 
include other corporations that send mail on their behalf. However, that 
doesn't mean that such mail would not be accepted by C-ID, because of it's 
header check ordering.

Philip Miller

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Date: Sat, 24 Apr 2004 14:56:53 +0100
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Hi folks,
I have been doing a lot of digging around with various anti-spam proposals=
 and one thing that crossed my mind is in relation to IM2000.=
 (http://cr.yp.to/im2000.html)
Incase there is anyone here unaware, IM2000 essentially proposes pushing the=
 message queues back to the sender so that people closer to the recipient do=
 not have to pay and those closer to the sender are given more motivation=
 for doing something about the sender.
The proposal would require some significant infrastructure overhaul as would=
 many to get it implemented, but (and I am just thinking on my feat at the=
 moment) would it be possible to overlay something based on this onto the=
 existing infrastructure?

To expand, if your incoming mailserver rejects all inbound messages with a=
 transient error and notifies the recipient. The recipient can then elect to=
 allow any similar messages through if the remote server tries again within=
 a set period of time.
This may have to second guess how many times the remote server will retry=
 before giving up, and either allow or reject the message with a permanent=
 error if the recipient does not express their will in time.

Either way, if the message is legitimate but ends up being bounced, a clear=
 message could indicate why and recommend trying again or contacting the=
 user via other means to arrange to allow the message through.

What are the implications of running a system like this other than having to=
 develop a frontend for local users?
Regards,
Colin.


_______________________________________________
Asrg mailing list
Asrg@ietf.org
https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg



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From: Devdas Bhagat <devdas@dvb.homelinux.org>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] IM2000
Message-ID: <20040424201215.A10101@evita.devdas.geek>
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On 24/04/04 14:56 +0100, cw wrote:
> Hi folks,
> I have been doing a lot of digging around with various anti-spam proposals
> and one thing that crossed my mind is in relation to IM2000.
> (http://cr.yp.to/im2000.html)
> Incase there is anyone here unaware, IM2000 essentially proposes pushing
> the message queues back to the sender so that people closer to the
> recipient do not have to pay and those closer to the sender are given
> more motivation for doing something about the sender.
> The proposal would require some significant infrastructure overhaul as
> would many to get it implemented, but (and I am just thinking on my feat
> at the moment) would it be possible to overlay something based on this
> onto the existing infrastructure?
What about offline hosts? And when does the local copy get deleted?

> 
> To expand, if your incoming mailserver rejects all inbound messages with
> a transient error and notifies the recipient. The recipient can then
> elect to allow any similar messages through if the remote server tries
> again within a set period of time.
A variant on greylisting with human intervention.

> This may have to second guess how many times the remote server will retry
> before giving up, and either allow or reject the message with a permanent
> error if the recipient does not express their will in time.
A (mis)feature which greylisting avoids by allowing mail through on the
second try.

> 
> Either way, if the message is legitimate but ends up being bounced, a
> clear message could indicate why and recommend trying again or contacting
> the user via other means to arrange to allow the message through.
> 
> What are the implications of running a system like this other than
> having to develop a frontend for local users?
Avoid the frontend by using greylisting. The effect that this has had is
that spammers use full fledged SMTP servers to spam, rather than open
proxies. It hasn't had much real benefit, but greylisting was useful.

Devdas Bhagat

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On Sat, 24 Apr 2004 20:12:15 +0530, Devdas Bhagat wrote:
>=A0What about offline hosts? And when does the local copy get deleted?

I don't quite understand your question. If it is something on the specifics=
 of IM2000 then it would be best directed at the IM2000 mailing list as I=
 have only done a brief review of the principals and am not involved with=
 that project.

*snip stuff on greylisting*

I am aware of greylisting, though I hadn't considered what potential=
 benefits over greylisting such an approach would provide. Off the top of my=
 head, I think of viruses as an example.
If these are sent as normal messages, then they will pass greylisting as the=
 legitimate servers will call back. Adding the layer of human intervention=
 would potentially be able to allow viruses to be rejected. Thinking further=
 though, it would be difficult to identify some virus messages from=
 legitimate messages without scanning the body.
I guess it would also prevent abandoned mailboxes that someone forgot to=
 delete from growing in size and taking up more than zero bytes of storage,=
 but good housekeeping should limit the effect of that anyway.

It is just an idea, if there aren't any real benefits over greylisting (and=
 my head is too full of Trust management systems at the moment to think=
 about it too much) then that is that. If someone can think of reasons why=
 it would be beneficial as opposed to greylisting then at least the idea is=
 out there.

>It hasn't had much real benefit, but greylisting was useful.

With regards to this specific line, do you have any specific links or other=
 evidence to support that statement? It would be useful for the report I am=
 writing at the moment.
Regards,
Colin.


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 <200404231812.OAA10248@world.std.com>
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At 04:10 PM 4/23/2004, Philip Miller wrote:
>Hypothetically, it works in the sense that each step upstream (in 
>connectivity, not mail transmission) is charging those immediately 
>downstream for messages transmitted. This means that even if spammers 
>establish their own ISP, they will be charged by their uplink provider.
>However, this doesn't rectify the essential flaw that receivers bear the 
>cost burden of email, not senders. Even if this raises the cost to send 
>imposed on the sender, it in no way reduces the cost to the receiver.

Here is the underlying problem with the ePostage proposal:

         In order for this to work, everyone has to implement it.

If we get everyone to implement ANY new proposal that makes it harder (more 
costly, harder to prove you are a legitimate sender, whatever) to send bulk 
email, it goes a long way towards solving spam (sent in bulk).  We don't 
need some ePostage scheme to make this work, we need a new protocol that 
everyone agrees to use, and a system for transitioning between the existing 
SMTP protocol and the new protocol, and widespread agreement to implement 
the new protocol.  Trying to add ePostage on top of all of this adds an 
additional layer of complexity for no useful (spam stopping) gain.

Then we can expect to see spammers move towards sending spam "not in bulk" 
by increasing use of zombie PCs, having millions of zombies sending 1 email 
an hour.

jc



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>> Well, yes.  The basic problem with spam is the imposition of cost on
> unwilling recipients; I see little point in epostage that pays some
> other party, as then the recipient has still lost; it's just that
> someone else has benefited instead.  I fail to see how this improves
> matters significantly.

> It improves matters by significantly raising the transaction cost for
the spammer to send mail (currently ballpark 0.01 cent), thus reducing
the attractiveness of this advertising medium.

That's the standard argument, yes.

But the TRUTH of the matter is that spammers will just do what they've done ALL 
ALONG and shift that cost to others to pay... by making sure that OTHER users of 
the net will pay for the spammers' E-postage.  (Spambot zombies, etc etc.)

What you're doing is increasing (by a LARGE amount) the overhead of handling 
E-mail, not to mention the HUGELY labor-intensive work of correcting all the 
problems caused by the spammers and false charges, and all of those charges are 
going to be borne NOT by the spammers, but by everybody else.

Remember the phone company's assertion that something like 85% of the cost of a 
long distance phone call is the cost of billing you for it.  (And THAT is for a 
service where it's nearly impossible to "steal" service by billing to the 
"wrong" caller...).  The result is that you're going to HUGELY increase cost of 
E-mail, and those costs are going to come back onto the LEGITIMATE users...

For many, many years, directory assistance calls were "free".  They were 
included in the cost of your phone service, and that cost a fraction of what it 
does today.

Phone companies argued that "some people are abusing Directory Assistance!" and 
they said that they wanted to put into place a limit on free directory 
assistance... but not to worry, the limit would be high enough that almost no 
legitimate users would ever reach it and have to pay.  

As soon as they got the "pay for Directory Assistance" dam breached, they 
steadily reduced the number of free calls (now, most subscribers get NO free 
directory assistance calls per month) and increased the cost of each call to 
LUDICROUS levels.  Then they added insult to injury by stopping even TRYING to 
provide phone books at pay telephones, so you have NO CHOICE but to call 
directory assistance for the phone numbers you need.

Had they REALLY been concerned about abuse, a better (and less abuse-prone) 
scheme would have been:  Directory Assistance calls, IF the number is not in the 
current published-and-delivered directory, are FREE.  If you call directory 
assistance for a number which IS in the published-and-delivered directory (and 
that you thus could have looked up) then there is a dissuasive penalty of $5 per 
call.  The fact that they charge for ALL directory assistance calls, INCLUDING 
for numbers which are not published in the directory, proves that they were NOT 
simply trying to stamp out abuse...!

This thing about E-mail... "We'll of course give you enough "free" "e-mail 
stamps" each month that nobody legitimate will have to pay extra" is only just a 
ruse to get folks to say "Well, in that case... maybe it won't be so bad..." but 
you can COUNT on the same tightening-the-ratchet once the basic "pay per unit" 
scheme is in place...  :-((((

AND, like SPF, you have NOT done anything that will PREVENT spam.  So you have 
YET ANOTHER expensive and cumbersome intensively technical/administrative 
solution that ultimately WILL NOT SOLVE THE PROBLEM!


Gordon Peterson                  http://personal.terabites.com/
1977-2002  Twenty-fifth anniversary year of Local Area Networking!
Support free and fair US elections!  http://stickers.defend-democracy.org
12/19/98: Partisan Republicans scornfully ignore the voters they "represent".
12/09/00: the date the Republican Party took down democracy in America.



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> ...Now, lets say hypothetically speaking that all ISPs would charge their 
customers extra for lets say more than 1000 emails/day. 

The problem is that the number will shrink, and shrink, and shrink, until you 
are charged for EVERY E-mail.

And, just as the oligopoly reduces the number of independent small local ISPs 
and things are inexorably consolidating in the hands of folks like Comcast and 
SBC and Verizon et al, you're going to have a bunch of big companies which divvy 
up the market between them and without anything like genuine competition.  We're 
seeing the resulting abuse TODAY with unjustified rate hikes based on flimsy 
arguments... where they're jacking up prices just because THEY CAN.  :-(((

> Would it achieve the same effect as e-postage? Why isn't this model working 
today?

A whole lot of reasons.  But a biggie is:

1)  It's far too easy to steal someone else's bandwidth.  If Aunt Gertrude's 
machine gets infected by a zombie spambot, the spammer can use her machine (and 
her postage) to pump out MILLIONS of E-mail messages.

2)  Even if Aunt Gertrude's machine is rate-limited to 1000 E-mails a day (or a 
hundred!) the spammer can STILL infect that many more machines, and still 
bankrupt all of their available individual postage account balances.  :-(

3)  And somebody ($$$$$) is going to have to sort out the resulting mess.  The 
spammers won't be paying THAT bill, either.

Gordon Peterson                  http://personal.terabites.com/
1977-2002  Twenty-fifth anniversary year of Local Area Networking!
Support free and fair US elections!  http://stickers.defend-democracy.org
12/19/98: Partisan Republicans scornfully ignore the voters they "represent".
12/09/00: the date the Republican Party took down democracy in America.



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> To expand, if your incoming mailserver rejects all inbound messages with a=
 transient error and notifies the recipient. The recipient can then elect to=
 allow any similar messages through if the remote server tries again within=
 a set period of time.
This may have to second guess how many times the remote server will retry=
 before giving up, and either allow or reject the message with a permanent=
 error if the recipient does not express their will in time.

This kind of lame idea is a good example... so you end up increasing the cost of 
handling E-mail, wasting bandwidth and transmission latency on artificially 
necessary retries, and requiring new recordkeeping (queueing, etc) on both the 
recipient and sender ends.

What the hell benefit is THAT?

And the idea about "queueing it closer to the sender"... again, a large 
percentage of spam TODAY is sent by spambot zombies.  So you're NOT clogging up 
SPAMMER uplinks... or increasing THEIR costs... you're clogging, abusing, and 
increasing the cost to VICTIM ISPs and VICTIM users.

> Either way, if the message is legitimate but ends up being bounced, a clear=
 message could indicate why and recommend trying again or contacting the=
 user via other means to arrange to allow the message through.

And when those messages bounce back to Yahoogroups or Majordomo or other mailing 
list software, or publishers sending thousands of legitimate users... who the 
heck do you think is going to deal with all those stupid "challenge/response" 
type situations?

Publishers have already made quite clear their policy regarding such stuff.  
They just IGNORE such things, and if you want the information they're providing 
to you, you won't subject them to it.

Gordon Peterson                  http://personal.terabites.com/
1977-2002  Twenty-fifth anniversary year of Local Area Networking!
Support free and fair US elections!  http://stickers.defend-democracy.org
12/19/98: Partisan Republicans scornfully ignore the voters they "represent".
12/09/00: the date the Republican Party took down democracy in America.



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>> Better terminology would help- I'm reading the above to mean that
they reduce every name to a second-level domain.  In that case 
if there's a spamvertized domain in, say, "nh.us" then all of nh.us
is impacted.  Hardly seems like a good thing to me.

> Actually the FAQ goes on to say (or at least I infer- it's hard to
read), that reports are counted at each level (so a report on
foo.nh.us would add a count to both "foo.nh.us" and "nh.us").  However
it also recommends that the client check the second level domain
first, and also says that it's likely that *only* second level domains
will be listed in the future.

> I understand the goal of trying to de-randomize (and normalize)
spamvertized URLs.  But I don't really think subdomain stripping alone
is workable.  Normalizing a la URIDNSBL seems slightly better,
although still not perfect.

The "solution" that I use in my filter is that I list (in my HOSTS file) both 
fully qualified host names and IP addresses (forced to 127.0.0.1) AND a set of 
names that look like:

    *.domain.tld

or even

    *.dom1.dom2.tld

or the like.  In the case of non-US domains, I'd store this as something like

    *.domain.co.uk

while a regular .com domain I'd choose to blacklist as 

    *.junkdomain.com

The mail filter loads these blacklist domains from HOSTS and stores these in a 
hash table when it starts.  When it finds a URL in an E-mail, it first looks to 
see if it matches an entry in the blacklist table exactly as it is.  If not, it 
adds "*." to the URL's machine address and tries again.  If still no, it removes 
levels to the right of the *. one at a time and searches again until there's 
nothing left, or until it finds a matching entry in the blacklist table.

This allows the searches to go VERY fast (due to the hash technique used for the 
table) and it's insensitive to all these bogus randomly generated subdomain 
names that spammers employ to try to avoid people successfully blocking their 
machine names.

Long-term, this isn't a perfect solution because ultimately spammers just use 
disposable throw-away single-use domain names (at $35 a shot or less they can 
afford to do that, after all) and the table will grow without limit.  So 
probably this will have to revert eventually to some kind of cached, aged list 
or something (or even off to an indexed disk file for stuff that hasn't been 
seen in a while, perhaps).

Of course, remember the old joke about the two old friends being chased by a 
bear through the woods.  The one says to the other, "Do you really think you can 
outrun that bear?"  "No," says the other, "...but I don't need to.  I only need 
to outrun YOU."  Ultimately, what matters is that my mail filter gets my spam 
mail down to an acceptably low level, and I use the mail that slips through to 
improve the variety of filtering techniques I use in my filter.

Spammers continue to try new tricks and devious strategies that they are 
confident will screw up Bayesian filters or other classical filtering methods.  
But since my filter doesn't use all the same techniques that most other folks 
use, and since the pattern matching capabilities available to me using SPITBOL 
are far richer than the braindead regex-based pattern matching that most other 
antispam filters use, the great majority of tricks that spammers use are usually 
fairly easily dealt with by my filter.

Gordon Peterson                  http://personal.terabites.com/
1977-2002  Twenty-fifth anniversary year of Local Area Networking!
Support free and fair US elections!  http://stickers.defend-democracy.org
12/19/98: Partisan Republicans scornfully ignore the voters they "represent".
12/09/00: the date the Republican Party took down democracy in America.



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From exim@www1.ietf.org  Sat Apr 24 23:09:13 2004
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] IM2000 and other lame schemes
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> And the idea about "queueing it closer to the sender"... again, a
> large percentage of spam TODAY is sent by spambot zombies.  So you're
> NOT clogging up SPAMMER uplinks... or increasing THEIR costs...
> you're clogging, abusing, and increasing the cost to VICTIM ISPs and
> VICTIM users.

They _are_ spammers.  They may be doing it unwittingly and/or
unwillingly, but they're sending UBE.  _Also_ victims, they may be, and
I would cheerfully agree that they should not be punished as severely
as knowing and willing spammers...but they're still spewing spam and
need to be spanked.

As long as people buy into the idea that UBE spewers are not spammers
just because they're not aware they're doing it, the zombie armies will
continue to be an unfixed and probably unfixable problem.

/~\ The ASCII				der Mouse
\ / Ribbon Campaign
 X  Against HTML	       mouse@rodents.montreal.qc.ca
/ \ Email!	     7D C8 61 52 5D E7 2D 39  4E F1 31 3E E8 B3 27 4B

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Subject: [Asrg] Filtering Header Standard draft available
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I've compiled a first draft of a standard header to be added by email 
filters, antivirus scanners, classifiers, filers, and other things that 
examine email. It is available from 
<http://millenix.zemos.net/asrg-filtering/>. Much of its text is copied or 
derived from the contents of Yakov's wiki for the Filtering sub-group, 
<http://www.shaftek.org/wiki/wiki.pl?Filtering_Standards>.

Text additions and revisions, particularly new field definitions, are 
welcome. Please submit such changes as diffs against the .xml file. If 
possible, please run the edited version through xml2rfc before sending me 
the patch, to ensure that the syntax is all correct.

For Subversion users out there, I'm keeping the master version in a 
repository at <http://millenix.zemos.net/repos/filtering/>.

Any contribution, comment, or criticism is welcome.

Philip Miller

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> The purpose of E-postage, as I see such proposals, is to make the cost of 
indiscriminate spamming prohibitive. This does inherently rate-limit, but 
the intent is that spammers' customers won't see anything close to the 
current ROI of spamming.

That only presumes (and without a convincing basis for the presumption) that the 
spammer is somehow the person who gets nailed for the cost of the postage.

There's terribly overwhelming experience to demonstrate convincingly that that 
is NOT the case.

>>>> Otherwise, I do not see what the ASRG or the IETF can do for or 
>>> against e-postage - it is simply not within the scope of standards at 
>>> this point.
>>
>> Well, it might be useful to set out some requirements. Or is that not 
>> within the IETF's remit? (Serious question.)
> 
> It is more of an IRTF issue at this point, so if sufficient people want 
> to pursue discussion on it, we can spill it off into a separate ASRG list.

> I think it would be good to establish a separate list for discussion of this 
nature. There are many people with fine ideas, and it would help to collect 
them in a list which doesn't have have the denizens screaming that e-postage 
is evil.

It's not ONLY just the issue of that it's evil.

The bigger problem is that it simply DOES NOT WORK for the purpose it's being 
proposed for.  (It's like declaring war on a sovereign nation to stamp out 
terrorism that the nation in question isn't actually involved in, and to bring 
an end to alleged WMD programs that in fact they don't still have.  If we're 
going to go off half-cocked, let's make sure that at least we're doing this 
stuff for the RIGHT reasons, and that it has at least a PRAYER of achieving the 
stated/argued objectives!)

Moving the discussion of E-postage off to another separate list (like Wong's SPF 
list) has the advantage (for advocates) that they can all preach together to the 
choir, after having chased off everyone who inconveniently points out the 
unpleasant truths that the system won't ultimately achieve its stated 
objectives.  So they can wander around in their own holy little cloud working on 
imagined solutions, without having to deal with legitimate concerns pointed out 
by the unwashed non-believers...!  :-)

There is LITTLE POINT, I feel, in developing convoluted and elaborate technical 
"solutions" that the spammers have already demonstrated convincingly that they 
ALREADY have effective work-arounds and evasions available for.

That is ESPECIALLY true when the proposed "solutions" have genuine and (for SOME 
users at least) terrible downsides which advocates of the solution in question 
hope to dismiss with a simple wave of the hand in the air.

Gordon Peterson                  http://personal.terabites.com/
1977-2002  Twenty-fifth anniversary year of Local Area Networking!
Support free and fair US elections!  http://stickers.defend-democracy.org
12/19/98: Partisan Republicans scornfully ignore the voters they "represent".
12/09/00: the date the Republican Party took down democracy in America.



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> As I said above, e-postage removes the economic incentives to spam. I really 
think that further discussion on the general list is not too productive.

Except that it DOESN'T, because the case is compelling that... WHOEVER ends up 
picking up the tab for the E-postage... it WILL NOT BE _EITHER_ spammers, or the 
clueless businesses (say, mortgage brokers who buy leads and don't really want 
to know where those leads really came from) who hire those spammers to spam for 
them.

Gordon Peterson                  http://personal.terabites.com/
1977-2002  Twenty-fifth anniversary year of Local Area Networking!
Support free and fair US elections!  http://stickers.defend-democracy.org
12/19/98: Partisan Republicans scornfully ignore the voters they "represent".
12/09/00: the date the Republican Party took down democracy in America.



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>  In deciding which email to receive (or allow to bypass strong
filtration), would you trust an irrevocable certificate from TrustE?
How about one from Verislime?  How about a revocable certificate from
Spamhaus?

> If you want your email to be received, which of those would you buy?

The bottom line, again, is that certificates (like SPF) ultimately DO NOT SOLVE 
THE PROBLEM of spamming for the terribly simple and obvious reason that machines 
possessing valid certificates will be infected by spambot zombies (in fact, 
since they're "certificated" they will be widely sought-after zombie targets).

So your "certificate-approved" machine gets infected, and now it's pumping out 
"certificate-guaranteed" spam like there's no tomorrow.  And that "certificated" 
mail is sailing past all the spam filtration.

Certificates, like SPF, E-postage, and other such lame ideas, simply don't solve 
the problem.  They do NOT guarantee that mail is, or is not, spam.

The sad part is that they don't really even come close to that.

The nice thing about my approach... don't allow most users (i.e. those users 
without a GENUINE, AGREED NEED) to send you HTML-burdened mails (force the mail 
to plain ASCII text) and similarly don't allow most users (other than those 
you've negotiated with and approved in advance) to send you attachments (and 
open that window, guardedly, for only a few trusted senders and a few specific 
attachment types).

THEN, for the stuff that has gotten through (and where most of the tricks for 
obscuring content have been denied to the sender), you put it through a good 
content filter which will identify the stuff as spam if it looks like spam.

It ultimately doesn't much matter if the last ten messages (or a thousand) that 
sender sent were legitimate.  And if they're SPF-certified, and 
certificate-guaranteed too.  If this one (possibly sent post-infection) is spam, 
it gets nailed.  As it should.

That's part of what's good about my system.  It doesn't much care who guarantees 
(or used to) that the sender was once (and maybe still is) a good guy.  Even 
"good guys" need to respect the limited size of my Inbox, and not waste my 
resources, and also respect the other policies I've established for what I'm 
willing to allow them to send me.  If they don't play by my rules, then with 
very high likelihood they don't get access to my E-mail Inbox.  PERIOD.  

My scheme virtually eliminates spams and worms being sent successfully (to ME at 
least) in E-mails, and to a very large degree regardless of who the sender is 
(whether supposedly, or in fact).

My scheme also will reduce (received/stored) spam volumes (compared to today's 
HTML-burdened spam volumes) by something like 70-80%, simply by virtue of 
t-canning the worthless and superfluous HTML-burdened component.  (While still 
allowing HTML-burdened mail from those occasional senders that have made a 
genuine, compelling argument for it that convinces me to open the (MY!) window 
wide enough to let THEIR use of it through.)

Making that first filtering of the HTML junk happen also greatly increases the 
effectiveness of the content filtering of what's left, since there are very many 
fewer tricks left available to spammers and abusers for obscuring the true 
content of their unwanted messages.

So many of these unworkable/ineffective antispam schemes are being proposed that 
simply DO NOT SOLVE THE PROBLEM since they presume that "good guys" are always 
really "good", that spammers only send from "bad" machines, that machines with 
"certificates" cannot be zombie-ized, that spammers must of course use bogus 
From: addresses, or even that they send from their own machines at all.  What 
crazy la-la land are such deluded engineers living in, anyhow?  Talk about a 
serious case of denial!

Gordon Peterson                  http://personal.terabites.com/
1977-2002  Twenty-fifth anniversary year of Local Area Networking!
Support free and fair US elections!  http://stickers.defend-democracy.org
12/19/98: Partisan Republicans scornfully ignore the voters they "represent".
12/09/00: the date the Republican Party took down democracy in America.



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Subject: [Asrg] My take on e-postage
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First things first.  The resource being consumed/abused is the 
recipient's inbox.  Therefore we need to make any charge a condition of 
entry into a participating recipient's inbox.  That means the recipient 
is the one who needs to decide whether a stamp is needed, and whether 
any given stamp is sufficiently valid.

Unilaterally charging a levy at the sending side isn't going to work, 
for a variety of reasons - primarily that the major ISPs will start 
using it as a revenue stream in it's own right, rather than for the 
intended purpose of preventing abuse by it's customers.  Another reason 
is that spammers will set up their own ISPs and backbones to avoid the 
normal stamping routes as much as possible.

In a recipient-driven scheme, senders still have to be able to buy 
stamps, but they will be able to choose their stamp vendor, rather than 
being limited to their ISP.

There's always going to be a zombie-PC problem, to some extent at 
least.  At the moment there are hundreds of thousands of insecure 
Windows machines out there, and they aren't going away.  There is a 
very slight possibility that it might be feasible to economically force 
novice users onto a more secure platform - such as the Mac - but we 
can't rely on that, either.

A problem is that zombies can't merely be used as a relay, they can 
also be used to leech any stamp account the victim uses for their own 
e-mail.  However, the compromised stamp account will quickly either 
become empty or run up a monstrous bill on the victim's credit card 
(the former situation is obviously preferable, and I'd hope that 
consumer stamp accounts were set up that way).  After that, the zombie 
can still spew mail all over the place, but it will be unstamped.  The 
empty account (or huge bill) also serves as a wake-up call to the 
victim, to get their machine cleaned and secured.

The interesting thing is that a stamp can also act as proof of where 
the mail was sent from, and/or who by, because there's a money trail 
(if nothing else) to follow, and each stamp is unique.  This probably 
won't tell you who the spammer is, but it can help for whitelisting, 
forgery detection, and for notifying victims.  And it doesn't require 
the victim's ISP to lift a finger, unless they also happen to be the 
stamp vendor.

The big disadvantage for e-postage is that everyone now has to pay for 
e-mail service.  A service which we presently take for granted as 
incrementally free.

There are alternative schemes which can operate alongside e-postage to 
eliminate the monetary cost for most normal purposes.  A combination of 
a proof-of-work stamp (such as hashcash) and a proof-of-identity 
signature would also serve a useful rate-limiting purpose.  Again, it's 
up to the recipient to decide how strong a guarantee he requires before 
a mail can land in his inbox.  (At the moment, most recipients' 
barriers to entry are exceptionally low, even with today's content 
filters, because there's no practical, universal way to detect forged 
mail.)

The common factor in the above is that the sender can say "I want this 
mail to go through so badly that I will do one or more of the 
following:  prove *I* sent it; pay for a stamp from a trustworthy 
vendor; expend N seconds of CPU time".  The recipient can then look at 
the credentials supplied with the mail, optionally check them against 
stamp vendors' databases (etc.), and decide whether they're good 
enough.

People, please point out what's wrong with the above, specific 
high-level design, not with "e-postage" in the abstract.

--------------------------------------------------------------
from:     Jonathan "Chromatix" Morton
mail:     chromi@chromatix.demon.co.uk
website:  http://www.chromatix.uklinux.net/
tagline:  The key to knowledge is not to rely on people to teach you it.


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Subject: [Asrg] Read this article and then never darken our doors again...
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This one is for those of you who will respond at every opportunity
about how spammers will just move off-shore as disproof of any hope
for a legal approach to the problem, over and over and over and over,
demanding the criticism be responded to, over and over and over and
over and over, as if it were a coup de grace:

 http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A34438-2004Apr22.html

    Raids Shutter Online Piracy Sites

    U.S. and international law enforcement authorities on Wednesday
    conducted a series of raids against Web site operators suspected
    of distributing more than $50 million worth of pirated music,
    movies and software, a move the U.S. Justice Department described
    as the largest-ever crackdown on online piracy.

    The Justice Department coordinated more than 120 searches in 10
    countries and 27 U.S. states...


I know, you *like* piracy or don't like the RIAA so this isn't to your
liking so um, er, so, uh, doh, or maybe 10 countries isn't enough to
convince you, you're going to hold out for a single raid in 180
countries simultaneously before you'll yield the point because, well,
yielding a point is embarrassing...

But before you come back with that sort of thing please take a deep
breath and consider even for just one second that maybe you're a
naive, confused and ignorant individual who shouldn't be cluttering up
lists like this with your own personal limitations and wasting the
time of others.


-- 
        -Barry Shein

Software Tool & Die    | bzs@TheWorld.com           | http://www.TheWorld.com
Purveyors to the Trade | Voice: 617-739-0202        | Login: 617-739-WRLD
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: Answering a lot of questions about e-postage in
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On April 24, 2004 at 11:41 jcdill-asrg@vo.cnchost.com (JC Dill) wrote:
 > 
 > Here is the underlying problem with the ePostage proposal:
 > 
 >          In order for this to work, everyone has to implement it.
 > 

Ultimately? Perhaps.

Incrementally, certainly.

I'd imagine a period where the numbers are just sent around to begin
to get a feel for what it'll be like and then individuals or
organizations or ISPs begin to just block or otherwise treat as
potential spam any e-mail w/o legitimate postage and slowly crank up
the "volume".

I think the same sort of evolution gets proposed with schemes such as
caller-id etc. where at first it's only advisory and then slowly but
surely as most sites comply becomes more and more mandatory which can
be incremental in and of itself (warning sent, marked as possible
spam, quarantined automatically, finally blocked.) Not that I like
caller-id, but the concept is fairly common to the various proposals.

I'd imagine the economic incentives for e-postage could make for a
fairly rapid deployment but that doesn't imply that babies must be
thrown out with the bathwater.

-- 
        -Barry Shein

Software Tool & Die    | bzs@TheWorld.com           | http://www.TheWorld.com
Purveyors to the Trade | Voice: 617-739-0202        | Login: 617-739-WRLD
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] E-postage
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On April 24, 2004 at 20:57 gep2@terabites.com (gep2@terabites.com) wrote:
 > But the TRUTH of the matter is that spammers will just do what they've done ALL 
 > ALONG and shift that cost to others to pay... by making sure that OTHER users of 
 > the net will pay for the spammers' E-postage.  (Spambot zombies, etc etc.)

Yeah but now it's going to begin to cost the ISPs, or the victims, who
harbor such behavior so there's some real incentive to get this
cleaned up.

 > What you're doing is increasing (by a LARGE amount) the overhead of handling 
 > E-mail, not to mention the HUGELY labor-intensive work of correcting all the 
 > problems caused by the spammers and false charges, and all of those charges are 
 > going to be borne NOT by the spammers, but by everybody else.

And you think that spammers aren't currently vastly increasing the
cost of handling e-mail now?

I guess as an ISP that's the most frustrating part of any spam
discussion, this idea that well, spam is annoying, but it's basically
free so any cost to clean it up is just an added cost to the service.

Crap.

The other day we were being pelted by a single spam from over 1,500
different IP addresses, presumably all compromised. That's not a
singular incident, in fact the day before a similar incident involving
over 1,000 hosts occurred tho I'll admit numbers like that don't tend
to happen daily, probably the same bunch of criminals in that case,
but a coupla-few times a month? Yes. Hundreds at a time? A few times
per week, etc. Spammers who can switch between a dozen or two IP
addresses as fast as you can block them? Daily.

Do you think that kind of rising tide, while maintaining an acceptable
service to customers, is without cost?

Not to mention all the money which goes into spam-fighting, most of it
nearly useless (firewalls, software, etc), and customer support,
people expect help with this and a lot of the problems they run into
they do not expect to pay for (e.g., clearing up a false positive, how
to deal with an overflowed mailbox, etc.)

So, your point only holds water if we're to agree that the current
situation is cost-free or nearly so, so the solution must be cost-free
or nearly so.

I assure you, we do not agree on that point.

 > 
 > Remember the phone company's assertion that something like 85% of the cost of a 
 > long distance phone call is the cost of billing you for it.  (And THAT is for a 

Yeah, sure, do you have a cite for this, numbers like this along with
the assertion that it costs some percentage like that to collect taxes
are awfully popular urban legends but upon examination tend to fall
apart.

 > service where it's nearly impossible to "steal" service by billing to the 
 > "wrong" caller...).  The result is that you're going to HUGELY increase cost of 
 > E-mail, and those costs are going to come back onto the LEGITIMATE users...
 > 
 > For many, many years, directory assistance calls were "free".  They were 
 > included in the cost of your phone service, and that cost a fraction of what it 
 > does today.
 > 
 > Phone companies argued that "some people are abusing Directory Assistance!" and 
 > they said that they wanted to put into place a limit on free directory 
 > assistance... but not to worry, the limit would be high enough that almost no 
 > legitimate users would ever reach it and have to pay.  
 > 
 > As soon as they got the "pay for Directory Assistance" dam breached, they 
 > steadily reduced the number of free calls (now, most subscribers get NO free 
 > directory assistance calls per month) and increased the cost of each call to 
 > LUDICROUS levels.  Then they added insult to injury by stopping even TRYING to 
 > provide phone books at pay telephones, so you have NO CHOICE but to call 
 > directory assistance for the phone numbers you need.
 > 
 > Had they REALLY been concerned about abuse, a better (and less abuse-prone) 
 > scheme would have been:  Directory Assistance calls, IF the number is not in the 
 > current published-and-delivered directory, are FREE.  If you call directory 
 > assistance for a number which IS in the published-and-delivered directory (and 
 > that you thus could have looked up) then there is a dissuasive penalty of $5 per 
 > call.  The fact that they charge for ALL directory assistance calls, INCLUDING 
 > for numbers which are not published in the directory, proves that they were NOT 
 > simply trying to stamp out abuse...!

Well, your notions of economic justice in directory assistance no
doubt are interesting perhaps you should call your phone company.

 > This thing about E-mail... "We'll of course give you enough "free" "e-mail 
 > stamps" each month that nobody legitimate will have to pay extra" is only just a 
 > ruse to get folks to say "Well, in that case... maybe it won't be so bad..." but 
 > you can COUNT on the same tightening-the-ratchet once the basic "pay per unit" 
 > scheme is in place...  :-((((

But you ignore the downside of not doing anything.

One of my more dire predictions is that the entire email system as we
know it falls apart and ends up in the hands of the phone companies
who as monopolies (regional or otherwise) will just position it like
SMS and charge 15cents/email or thereabouts.

 > AND, like SPF, you have NOT done anything that will PREVENT spam.  So you have 
 > YET ANOTHER expensive and cumbersome intensively technical/administrative 
 > solution that ultimately WILL NOT SOLVE THE PROBLEM!

Um, this doesn't follow, if e-mail got terribly expensive as you fear
I suspect that one result would certainly be the death of spam, even
if it'd be within a regimen you dislike.

I think I'll chalk your point up to: I don't want to pay and email
sounds like I might have to pay, so keep thinking until you can come
up with a solution that works well and costs nothing.

Well, hey, good luck.

 > 
 > Gordon Peterson                  http://personal.terabites.com/
 > 1977-2002  Twenty-fifth anniversary year of Local Area Networking!
 > Support free and fair US elections!  http://stickers.defend-democracy.org
 > 12/19/98: Partisan Republicans scornfully ignore the voters they "represent".
 > 12/09/00: the date the Republican Party took down democracy in America.
 > 
 > 
 > 
 > _______________________________________________
 > Asrg mailing list
 > Asrg@ietf.org
 > https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg

-- 
        -Barry Shein

Software Tool & Die    | bzs@TheWorld.com           | http://www.TheWorld.com
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] My take on e-postage
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> People, please point out what's wrong with the above, specific
> high-level design, not with "e-postage" in the abstract.

Have you read the taugh whitepaper?  Some of the points it raises apply
to your sketched design.

In particular, the social resistance to pay-by-unit systems applies,
and the micropayment infrastructure impossibility applies (and even
more so, because you're positing one micropayment infrastructure per
stamp vendor, so you get less economy of scale).

Furthermore, the money paid for stamps goes to the wrong place, ie, not
to the recipients.  (Stamp vendors could in principle pay recipients
who get mail with their stamps.  This involves creation of _another_
micropayment infrastructure per stamp vendor.)

You write that

> In a recipient-driven scheme, senders still have to be able to buy
> stamps, but they will be able to choose their stamp vendor, rather
> than being limited to their ISP.

Except that they have to choose a vendor acceptable to the recipient.
Keeping track of which recipients demand stamps from which vendors will
be another cost which you don't seem to have mentioned.  If there are a
large number of stamp vendors it rapidly becomes almsot intractable.

/~\ The ASCII				der Mouse
\ / Ribbon Campaign
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Subject: [Asrg] Re: Read this article and then never darken our doors again...
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Zorya wrote:
> This one is for those of you who will respond at every opportunity
> about how spammers will just move off-shore as disproof of any hope
> for a legal approach to the problem, over and over and over and over,
> demanding the criticism be responded to, over and over and over and
> over and over, as if it were a coup de grace:

Barry,
First, let me state that I agree with the principle of your post. I, too, 
think that rigorous law enforcement of all relevant statutes against 
spammers could have a large effect on the volumes of spam seen on the 
Internet. The best example of this would be the amazing disappearance of 
South Korean-originating messages after they put strong laws into place.

However, there are two qualities of copyright infringement enforcement that 
are not (yet) present when dealing with spam:
1. There are no strong, lobbying corporate interests pushing for stringent 
regulations and harsh action. On the contrary, some of the big lobbyists 
oppose strong anti-spam laws in the U.S.

2. Some of the biggest spamming countries (traditionally, China is cited as 
the best example) have no interest in cooperating in cracking down on their 
'local entrepreneurs'. China is also notably absent from the list of 
countries involved in the action you linked to.
Take a look at BBC's reportage of this event: 
<http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/3651749.stm>. From the bottom of that 
article, the participating nations were

> ... Belgium, the United Kingdom, Denmark, France, Germany, Hungary,
 > Israel, the Netherlands, Singapore and Sweden.

When we can get some of the large American and European ISPs on board to 
lobby for enforcement action, we may yet see news like this about anti-spam 
raids. Specifically, we'd want to see AOL, EarthLink, MSN, Comcast, 
RoadRunner, Wanadoo, & BT. Concerted pressure from that crowd would have a 
*HUGE* impact. Until then, I think ad-hoc filtering and small, directed 
technical measures (I'm thinking LMAP here) will be the order of the day.

Philip Miller

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Subject: Re: [Asrg] My take on e-postage
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On April 25, 2004 at 07:55 chromi@chromatix.demon.co.uk (Jonathan Morton) wrote:
 > First things first.  The resource being consumed/abused is the 
 > recipient's inbox.  Therefore we need to make any charge a condition of 
 > entry into a participating recipient's inbox.  That means the recipient 
 > is the one who needs to decide whether a stamp is needed, and whether 
 > any given stamp is sufficiently valid.

Well, I disagree with this 100%, it's just false.

If people could send advertising via paper post for free do you think
the problem is primarily the recipient's? What about the effect it has
on the letter carriers and the postal system in general?

This is another proposal which works forward from spam is free, just
annoying.

It's a terribly naive way to look at resource abuse.

 > Unilaterally charging a levy at the sending side isn't going to work, 
 > for a variety of reasons - primarily that the major ISPs will start 
 > using it as a revenue stream in it's own right, rather than for the 
 > intended purpose of preventing abuse by it's customers.  Another reason 

And this is a problem because...?

 > is that spammers will set up their own ISPs and backbones to avoid the 
 > normal stamping routes as much as possible.

But no one will accept their stamps!

Why don't you try setting up your own post office and printing your
own stamps and see how the Royal Post reacts.

 > In a recipient-driven scheme, senders still have to be able to buy 
 > stamps, but they will be able to choose their stamp vendor, rather than 
 > being limited to their ISP.
 > 
 > There's always going to be a zombie-PC problem, to some extent at 
 > least.  At the moment there are hundreds of thousands of insecure 
 > Windows machines out there, and they aren't going away.  There is a 
 > very slight possibility that it might be feasible to economically force 
 > novice users onto a more secure platform - such as the Mac - but we 
 > can't rely on that, either.
 > 
 > A problem is that zombies can't merely be used as a relay, they can 
 > also be used to leech any stamp account the victim uses for their own 
 > e-mail.  However, the compromised stamp account will quickly either 
 > become empty or run up a monstrous bill on the victim's credit card 
 > (the former situation is obviously preferable, and I'd hope that 
 > consumer stamp accounts were set up that way).  After that, the zombie 
 > can still spew mail all over the place, but it will be unstamped.  The 
 > empty account (or huge bill) also serves as a wake-up call to the 
 > victim, to get their machine cleaned and secured.
 > 
 > The interesting thing is that a stamp can also act as proof of where 
 > the mail was sent from, and/or who by, because there's a money trail 
 > (if nothing else) to follow, and each stamp is unique.  This probably 
 > won't tell you who the spammer is, but it can help for whitelisting, 
 > forgery detection, and for notifying victims.  And it doesn't require 
 > the victim's ISP to lift a finger, unless they also happen to be the 
 > stamp vendor.
 > 
 > The big disadvantage for e-postage is that everyone now has to pay for 
 > e-mail service.  A service which we presently take for granted as 
 > incrementally free.
 > 
 > There are alternative schemes which can operate alongside e-postage to 
 > eliminate the monetary cost for most normal purposes.  A combination of 
 > a proof-of-work stamp (such as hashcash) and a proof-of-identity 
 > signature would also serve a useful rate-limiting purpose.  Again, it's 
 > up to the recipient to decide how strong a guarantee he requires before 
 > a mail can land in his inbox.  (At the moment, most recipients' 
 > barriers to entry are exceptionally low, even with today's content 
 > filters, because there's no practical, universal way to detect forged 
 > mail.)
 > 
 > The common factor in the above is that the sender can say "I want this 
 > mail to go through so badly that I will do one or more of the 
 > following:  prove *I* sent it; pay for a stamp from a trustworthy 
 > vendor; expend N seconds of CPU time".  The recipient can then look at 
 > the credentials supplied with the mail, optionally check them against 
 > stamp vendors' databases (etc.), and decide whether they're good 
 > enough.
 > 
 > People, please point out what's wrong with the above, specific 
 > high-level design, not with "e-postage" in the abstract.

Yeha, who pays for all the overhead in your proposal.

Create an economy, or it's just schoolboy fantasising.

-- 
        -Barry Shein

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[Replying to multiple messages]

Philip Miller wrote:
> Yakov Shafranovich wrote:
> 
>> [snip Barry's words and YS's policy comment]
>> The basic thought behind e-postage is that resources that are being 
>> used should be charged for. Today we already have one such system 
>> which is working sucessfully every day - the Internet. ISPs charge 
>> each other for uplink and downlink bandwidth and resources used. Now, 
>> lets say hypothetically speaking that all ISPs would charge their 
>> customers extra for lets say more than 1000 emails/day. Would it 
>> achieve the same effect as e-postage? Why isn't this model working today?
> 
> 
> Hypothetically, it works in the sense that each step upstream (in 
> connectivity, not mail transmission) is charging those immediately 
> downstream for messages transmitted. This means that even if spammers 
> establish their own ISP, they will be charged by their uplink provider.
> However, this doesn't rectify the essential flaw that receivers bear the 
> cost burden of email, not senders. Even if this raises the cost to send 
> imposed on the sender, it in no way reduces the cost to the receiver.
> 

A few comments on this.

First a hierarchy structure for e-postage must solve the settlement 
problem although I don't know how the business side of it will work it. 
For example, if each receiving ISP would let the uplink provider 
negotiate on their behalf, and the uplink provider would combine the 
total e-postage costs for their customers and negotiate on their behalf 
with other provider, that might reduce the problem. Or maybe not.

But in any case, you basic distinction is correct - the receivers bear 
the cost burden. However, IMHO it is not only the receivers - the 
senders and the intermediate systems do as well. However, the cost of 
processing unwanted email versus simple bandwidth costs is much greater 
on the receiver's side. In other systems cited as examples, there is no 
concept that the receiver can charge for resources consumed. The closest 
example is inter-phone company, or inter-post office settlements, but 
the individual receivers have no power to charge. Therefore, were the 
bandwidth costs of postal service minimal to allow marketing companies 
to deluge your mailbox, I am not sure if the receivers would be able to 
do much.

> Jonathan Morton wrote:
>> First things first.  The resource being consumed/abused is the 
>> recipient's inbox.  Therefore we need to make any charge a condition of 
>> entry into a participating recipient's inbox.  That means the recipient 
>> is the one who needs to decide whether a stamp is needed, and whether 
>> any given stamp is sufficiently valid.
>> 

What makes it more interesting is that existing postal, phone and fax 
systems do not operate this way. Under normal circumstances, the sender 
alone pays for resources consumed during the transport of his message. 
If postal service would charge 1c for transporting junk mail, nothing 
stops companies from sending thousands of mailings to your house since 
there is no charge for entry into your mailbox. On the Internet however, 
the transport charges for bandwidth are so minimal that it makes it 
worthwhile for spammers to deluge your mailbox.

What we are talking about introducing an ability for the receiver to 
charge for entry into his inbox like Jonathan is saying above. A similar 
notion of interrupt rights and charging for them was floated in a 
research paper recently. What is interesting is that such notion does 
not exist in the postal system aside from inter-post office settlements 
where still the post offices of each countries are not charging for 
interrupt rights BUT are charging for the transport costs to deliver the 
message to the postal boxes of customers.

While the idea sounds swell in theory, it needs more work in practice, 
especially the part about costs vs. benefits. Of course the recipient is 
always free to do whatever he wants, so a distributed system where the 
recipient gets to decide if he can charge for entry to his inbox can 
work if there are standards in place for negotiating that.

> Philip Miller wrote:
>> Barry Shein wrote:
>> 
>>> No activity towards establishing some reliable standards for metering
>>> et al. It'd be difficult for a non-neutral party to just assert
>>> standards in an area like this. It'd be better to outline some
>>> potential standards and then get feedback from those with a reasonable
>>> interest, the usual building of consensus cycle.
>> 
>> 
>> Sounds reasonable.

IRTF activities are usually not geared toward making standards, rather 
toward long term research in outlining some potential standards. When we 
get an idea sufficiently congealed with enough interested stakeholders 
and enough community interest, we pass it on to the IETF for standards 
development.

Therefore, if you want to start outlining some potential work, go right 
ahead. BUT keep in mind that along for such outline it needs to be shown 
that the idea in question will provide enough anti-spam benefits vs. the 
costs of implementation.

Yakov

-------
Yakov Shafranovich / asrg <at> shaftek.org
SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc. / research <at> solidmatrix.com
"Some lies are easier to believe than the truth" (Dune)
-------

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Again, the best being made the enemy of the good.

Notice tho that these countries you mention do participate in systems
such as long-distance telephony and int'l package and mail delivery.

So obviously some sort of pressure can be brought to bear, for
starters, if they won't comply then they may find themselves either
cut-off or severely firewalled.

How well do you think it'd work if, for example, all of China tomorrow
decided to only talk to the rest of the net using DECnet protocols? Or
even protocols of their own invention?

etc.

On April 25, 2004 at 15:16 millenix@zemos.net (Philip Miller) wrote:
 > Zorya wrote:
 > > This one is for those of you who will respond at every opportunity
 > > about how spammers will just move off-shore as disproof of any hope
 > > for a legal approach to the problem, over and over and over and over,
 > > demanding the criticism be responded to, over and over and over and
 > > over and over, as if it were a coup de grace:
 > 
 > Barry,
 > First, let me state that I agree with the principle of your post. I, too, 
 > think that rigorous law enforcement of all relevant statutes against 
 > spammers could have a large effect on the volumes of spam seen on the 
 > Internet. The best example of this would be the amazing disappearance of 
 > South Korean-originating messages after they put strong laws into place.
 > 
 > However, there are two qualities of copyright infringement enforcement that 
 > are not (yet) present when dealing with spam:
 > 1. There are no strong, lobbying corporate interests pushing for stringent 
 > regulations and harsh action. On the contrary, some of the big lobbyists 
 > oppose strong anti-spam laws in the U.S.
 > 
 > 2. Some of the biggest spamming countries (traditionally, China is cited as 
 > the best example) have no interest in cooperating in cracking down on their 
 > 'local entrepreneurs'. China is also notably absent from the list of 
 > countries involved in the action you linked to.
 > Take a look at BBC's reportage of this event: 
 > <http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/3651749.stm>. From the bottom of that 
 > article, the participating nations were
 > 
 > > ... Belgium, the United Kingdom, Denmark, France, Germany, Hungary,
 >  > Israel, the Netherlands, Singapore and Sweden.
 > 
 > When we can get some of the large American and European ISPs on board to 
 > lobby for enforcement action, we may yet see news like this about anti-spam 
 > raids. Specifically, we'd want to see AOL, EarthLink, MSN, Comcast, 
 > RoadRunner, Wanadoo, & BT. Concerted pressure from that crowd would have a 
 > *HUGE* impact. Until then, I think ad-hoc filtering and small, directed 
 > technical measures (I'm thinking LMAP here) will be the order of the day.
 > 
 > Philip Miller

-- 
        -Barry Shein

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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: Answering a lot of questions about e-postage in a
 few   sentences
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On April 25, 2004 at 15:41 research@solidmatrix.com (Yakov Shafranovich) wrote:
 > A few comments on this.
 > 
 > First a hierarchy structure for e-postage must solve the settlement 
 > problem although I don't know how the business side of it will work it. 
 > For example, if each receiving ISP would let the uplink provider 
 > negotiate on their behalf, and the uplink provider would combine the 
 > total e-postage costs for their customers and negotiate on their behalf 
 > with other provider, that might reduce the problem. Or maybe not.

Why? Why do you imagine this?

For example, when the USPS puts postage bound for France on a United
Airline flight then, you imagine, they buy stamps from United Airlines
for each letter or somehow resolve the sharing of postage with them in
some complex piece by piece method?

Nonsense! They pay the airline for space or weight or something
similar.

Much like an ISP would pay the next tier up for bandwidth to deliver
the email injected into the system by their customers.

I'm not saying it's impossible that there might be some other charging
method sensitive to per-piece costs, but I am saying that there is NO
other way is nonsense. Nonsense because given the way other analogous
media is handled it's the least likely way e-postage would be handled.

So it's a pure straw man. They'd have to do this, this is unworkable,
so the idea is unworkable. Nonsense, they don't have to "do this"
as your antecedent demands.[q

 > But in any case, you basic distinction is correct - the receivers bear 
 > the cost burden. However, IMHO it is not only the receivers - the 

No, it's not correct.

If that were the case you'd be charging your ISP for the privilege of
letting you have an internet connection.

Huh?

 > senders and the intermediate systems do as well. However, the cost of 
 > processing unwanted email versus simple bandwidth costs is much greater 
 > on the receiver's side. In other systems cited as examples, there is no 

First, "much greater" does not equate with "insignificant" (to the
other side), or ignorable.

Second, at this point for every spam you see probably 100,000 or
thereabouts are being processed due to the number being filtered out
on plausibility grounds (e.g. refusing mail with no legitimate domain
or rdns) and the non-stop, high-powered spew of essentially dictionary
and similar attacks.

So, when you begin to figure in the lower cost per piece you actually
ever see in your mailbox and the relative cost versus the flood of
millions per day you don't see maybe those costs begin to come more
closely into line.

At any rate, no system I can think of outside of e-mail is purely
geared towards resolving some sort of receiver pays other than some
much-maligned, relatively recent cell-phone systems and even on those
there's much activity to either block or change the charging for
marketing calls.

But telephone in general, postal, sender pays.

This fiction seems to only exist on this list.

It makes me wonder what the actual agenda is when there's such
strenuous advocacy for a model which is so far disconnected from
reality.

-- 
        -Barry Shein

Software Tool & Die    | bzs@TheWorld.com           | http://www.TheWorld.com
Purveyors to the Trade | Voice: 617-739-0202        | Login: 617-739-WRLD
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From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@ox.org>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] E-postage 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Sun, 25 Apr 2004 15:09:34 EDT."
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Barry Shein <bzs@world.std.com> wrote:
> The other day we were being pelted by a single spam from over 1,500
> different IP addresses, presumably all compromised. That's not a
> singular incident, in fact the day before a similar incident involving
> over 1,000 hosts occurred tho I'll admit numbers like that don't tend
> to happen daily, 

  I *dream* of getting spam from only 1K hosts a day.

  While my situation is unusual, it's the leading edge, and a
predictor of others situations in the future.

> So, your point only holds water if we're to agree that the current
> situation is cost-free or nearly so, so the solution must be cost-free
> or nearly so.

  I'd put the objections a different way.  It's difficult to quantify
the recipients cost due to spam.  Sure, you can come up with
reasonable figures for end-users losing productivity due to spam, but
those figures aren't a line item on someones budget.

  In contrast, anti-spam systems *are* line items, especially to the
people who deploy them, and to anti-spam companies.  Any solution,
therefore, which reduces spam, has huge cost to some parties, and
non-accountable savings to others.

  Alan DeKok.

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> At any rate, no system I can think of outside of e-mail is purely
> geared towards resolving some sort of receiver pays other than some
> much-maligned, relatively recent cell-phone systems and even on those
> there's much activity to either block or change the charging for
> marketing calls.

> But telephone in general, postal, sender pays.

This is because no other system outside of e-mail has the same
underlying cost structure that e-mail does.  The phone system perhaps
comes cloest - and, surprise surprise, that's the system where the
analogue of spam is most hated and most acted against.

> This fiction seems to only exist on this list.

It's not a fiction.  It's a fundamental difference between e-mail and
all those analogies people seem to like so much, a difference that is
in large part why the analogies are flawed.

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From: Jonathan Morton <chromi@chromatix.demon.co.uk>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] My take on e-postage
To: der Mouse <mouse@Rodents.Montreal.QC.CA>
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>> People, please point out what's wrong with the above, specific
>> high-level design, not with "e-postage" in the abstract.
>
> Have you read the taugh whitepaper?  Some of the points it raises apply
> to your sketched design.

No - do you have a link?

> In particular, the social resistance to pay-by-unit systems applies,
> and the micropayment infrastructure impossibility applies (and even
> more so, because you're positing one micropayment infrastructure per
> stamp vendor, so you get less economy of scale).

I agree on the social resistance, which is why I proposed the 
proof-of-work stamps (which involve a non-monetary expenditure) to go 
alongside it.  I'm afraid the micropayment argument doesn't hold water, 
because you can always pay for blocks of, say, a thousand stamps at a 
time, and exactly how hard is it to keep track of one counter per 
paying customer?

Incidentally, if you can prove your identity, the recipient can add you 
to a whitelist that says "I don't need a paid stamp from this sender".

> Furthermore, the money paid for stamps goes to the wrong place, ie, not
> to the recipients.  (Stamp vendors could in principle pay recipients
> who get mail with their stamps.  This involves creation of _another_
> micropayment infrastructure per stamp vendor.)

Good point.  There's a way around this, though - how about the 
recipient's stamp vendor collects a portion of the stamp's value from 
the sender's stamp vendor, and credits it to the recipient's account?  
If accounting is kept at both ends, then actual money would only change 
hands relatively infrequently - in blocks, just like the sender pays 
for the original stamps.  But, this does require some kind of business 
relationship - perhaps via an intermediary to help it scale - between 
the two vendors.

This ignores mailing lists and the like, however.  These are an 
interesting problem, because the sender wants his single mail to be 
seen by all members of the list, which could be thousands of recipients 
- that's a lot of stamps.  For this reason, mailing lists are already 
prime targets of spammers, especially since it's presently quite easy 
to forge entry.

Probably the strongest solution is for the listserv to use the 
proof-of-identity, perhaps combined with a proof-of-work or a paid 
stamp, from the sender - and for the list subscribers to use 
proof-of-identity of the listserv, with a whitelist entry to prevent 
the listserv from having to attach (paid *or* worked) stamps.  But this 
requires upgrading the list software.

Another solution is to use a proof-of-work stamp, made for the 
sender-to-list connection, with a particularly high validity threshold. 
  The recipient can then check that via a whitelist entry on the "To" 
address, without involving the listserv itself.

>> In a recipient-driven scheme, senders still have to be able to buy
>> stamps, but they will be able to choose their stamp vendor, rather
>> than being limited to their ISP.
>
> Except that they have to choose a vendor acceptable to the recipient.
> Keeping track of which recipients demand stamps from which vendors will
> be another cost which you don't seem to have mentioned.  If there are a
> large number of stamp vendors it rapidly becomes almsot intractable.

If there are a relatively large number of stamp vendors, then they will 
be differentiated into (roughly) two classes - trustworthy and 
untrustworthy - depending on whether they give out free or subsidised 
accounts to spammers or not.  (Fair enough, some other factors will 
probably come into play as well.)  A relatively large number of vendors 
also helps to open competition.

Recipients can whitelist the trustworthy ones and blacklist the others 
- which is a much easier problem than the present practice of 
blacklisting individual senders.  Senders then only have the task of 
finding a trustworthy stamp vendor, which shouldn't be difficult, and 
they can move away from it if their mails stop getting through.  This 
is made even easier if there are a number of public lists to consult.

Just for the record, I don't believe e-postage is The Solution, in any 
form.  Whether it can sensibly become even part of the solution is open 
to debate.  I'm just trying to get the debate back on track.  :)

--------------------------------------------------------------
from:     Jonathan "Chromatix" Morton
mail:     chromi@chromatix.demon.co.uk
website:  http://www.chromatix.uklinux.net/
tagline:  The key to knowledge is not to rely on people to teach you it.


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From: Jonathan Morton <chromi@chromatix.demon.co.uk>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] My take on e-postage
To: Barry Shein <bzs@world.std.com>
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>> First things first.  The resource being consumed/abused is the
>> recipient's inbox.  Therefore we need to make any charge a condition 
>> of
>> entry into a participating recipient's inbox.  That means the 
>> recipient
>> is the one who needs to decide whether a stamp is needed, and whether
>> any given stamp is sufficiently valid.
>
> Well, I disagree with this 100%, it's just false.
>
> If people could send advertising via paper post for free do you think
> the problem is primarily the recipient's? What about the effect it has
> on the letter carriers and the postal system in general?
>
> This is another proposal which works forward from spam is free, just
> annoying.

Paper post is charged for on a transportation-costs basis.  If paper 
post were free, then utilisation would indeed go up, increasing it's 
cost, at which point it would no longer be free.  So it stabilises in a 
non-free state, just like it is today.  QED.

By contrast, the transportation costs of e-mail are practically nil.  
Spammers happily paid for phat pipes to send mail through, before 
widespread blacklisting forced them into using zombies.  The cost is, 
and has always been, the recipient's time spent in sifting through the 
mess.  (I count the recipient's ISP in this as well.)

--------------------------------------------------------------
from:     Jonathan "Chromatix" Morton
mail:     chromi@chromatix.demon.co.uk
website:  http://www.chromatix.uklinux.net/
tagline:  The key to knowledge is not to rely on people to teach you it.


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From: Jonathan Morton <chromi@chromatix.demon.co.uk>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: Answering a lot of questions about e-postage in a few   sentences
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>> At any rate, no system I can think of outside of e-mail is purely
>> geared towards resolving some sort of receiver pays other than some
>> much-maligned, relatively recent cell-phone systems and even on those
>> there's much activity to either block or change the charging for
>> marketing calls.

I don't think anyone's suggesting the recipient should pay for e-mail.  
What we do want is for the sender to pay the recipient's costs, because 
the recipient's costs are much greater than those due to mere 
transport.

--------------------------------------------------------------
from:     Jonathan "Chromatix" Morton
mail:     chromi@chromatix.demon.co.uk
website:  http://www.chromatix.uklinux.net/
tagline:  The key to knowledge is not to rely on people to teach you it.


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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: Answering a lot of questions about e-postage in a
 few   sentences
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On April 25, 2004 at 16:22 mouse@Rodents.Montreal.QC.CA (der Mouse) wrote:
 > > At any rate, no system I can think of outside of e-mail is purely
 > > geared towards resolving some sort of receiver pays other than some
 > > much-maligned, relatively recent cell-phone systems and even on those
 > > there's much activity to either block or change the charging for
 > > marketing calls.
 > 
 > > But telephone in general, postal, sender pays.
 > 
 > This is because no other system outside of e-mail has the same
 > underlying cost structure that e-mail does.  The phone system perhaps
 > comes cloest - and, surprise surprise, that's the system where the
 > analogue of spam is most hated and most acted against.

Electricity too cheap to meter!

GE used to use that slogan, in the 1960's, to sell the idea of nuclear
power plants.

It's always suspect, tho not a priori false, and certainly suspect
here, for the very reason we're here; it becomes abused.

 > > This fiction seems to only exist on this list.
 > 
 > It's not a fiction.  It's a fundamental difference between e-mail and
 > all those analogies people seem to like so much, a difference that is
 > in large part why the analogies are flawed.

I'm not sure using the two words "fundamental difference" as an
emphasizer clinches it, maybe "literally" different, nah that grates,
um, ...

It's not "fundamentally different", it's mostly different as a matter
of a degree, different costs, which would seem to argue "fundamentally
the same".

Amazing what a slippery thing the truth is.

But, an infrastructure capable of carrying millions/billions of
individual communications events etc at a relatively low-cost to the
end-users, which can be flooded by abuse.

Fundamentally the same, different cost factors, but the same can be
said about a lot of similar things.

-- 
        -Barry Shein

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On April 25, 2004 at 16:31 aland@ox.org (Alan DeKok) wrote:
 > Barry Shein <bzs@world.std.com> wrote:
 > > The other day we were being pelted by a single spam from over 1,500
 > > different IP addresses, presumably all compromised. That's not a
 > > singular incident, in fact the day before a similar incident involving
 > > over 1,000 hosts occurred tho I'll admit numbers like that don't tend
 > > to happen daily, 
 > 
 >   I *dream* of getting spam from only 1K hosts a day.


That's 1,000 different hosts sending ONE SPAM simultaneously, at one
given instant.

Not 1,000 per day.

 > > situation is cost-free or nearly so, so the solution must be cost-free
 > > or nearly so.
 > 
 >   I'd put the objections a different way.  It's difficult to quantify
 > the recipients cost due to spam.  Sure, you can come up with
 > reasonable figures for end-users losing productivity due to spam, but
 > those figures aren't a line item on someones budget.
 > 
 >   In contrast, anti-spam systems *are* line items, especially to the
 > people who deploy them, and to anti-spam companies.  Any solution,
 > therefore, which reduces spam, has huge cost to some parties, and
 > non-accountable savings to others.
 > 
 >   Alan DeKok.
 > 
 > _______________________________________________
 > Asrg mailing list
 > Asrg@ietf.org
 > https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg

-- 
        -Barry Shein

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>> ...Now, lets say hypothetically speaking that all ISPs would charge their 
>> customers extra for lets say more than 1000 emails/day. 
>
> The problem is that the number will shrink, and shrink, and shrink, until you 
> are charged for EVERY E-mail.

At which point I'll declare myself an ISP and send directly.

Actually, that won't happen, because the ISP market is a lot more
competitive than the phone market.

> And, just as the oligopoly reduces the number of independent small
> local ISPs and things are inexorably consolidating in the hands of
> folks like Comcast and SBC and Verizon et al, you're going to have a
> bunch of big companies which divvy up the market between them and
> without anything like genuine competition.

And for a $250/month colo machine (or likely a lot cheaper), I'll
become the email provider of choice for a few thousand people at $1
each, making a huge profit for me, and cutting their email charges
down to $1/month.

>  We're seeing the resulting abuse TODAY with unjustified rate hikes
> based on flimsy arguments... where they're jacking up prices just
> because THEY CAN.  :-(((

In how competitive a market?

Seth

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From: Seth Breidbart <sethb@panix.com>
To: asrg@ietf.org
In-reply-to: <B0000030424@nts1.terabites.com> (gep2@terabites.com)
Subject: Re: [Asrg] IM2000 and other lame schemes
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gep2@terabites.com wrote:

>> To expand, if your incoming mailserver rejects all inbound messages with a=
> transient error and notifies the recipient. The recipient can then elect to=
> allow any similar messages through if the remote server tries again within=
> a set period of time.
> This may have to second guess how many times the remote server will retry=
> before giving up, and either allow or reject the message with a permanent=
> error if the recipient does not express their will in time.
>
> This kind of lame idea is a good example... so you end up increasing the cost of 
> handling E-mail, wasting bandwidth and transmission latency on artificially 
> necessary retries, and requiring new recordkeeping (queueing, etc) on both the 
> recipient and sender ends.

Wrong.  The sender doesn't need any new recordkeeping, that's how
standard MTAs (not spamware) work already, which is _why_ the idea
works.

The recipient has to do more work, but the benefit is spam reduction.

The amount of delayed mail can be kept quite small.

> And the idea about "queueing it closer to the sender"... again, a
> large percentage of spam TODAY is sent by spambot zombies.  So
> you're NOT clogging up SPAMMER uplinks... or increasing THEIR
> costs... you're clogging, abusing, and increasing the cost to VICTIM
> ISPs and VICTIM users.

Except that in that case, _if_ the ISPs can be convinced they need to
take action, the spam goes away before most of its victims will see
it.

Seth

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Subject: Re: [Asrg] My take on e-postage
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>> Have you read the taugh whitepaper?  Some of the points it raises
>> apply to your sketched design.
> No - do you have a link?

http://www.taugh.com/epostage.pdf - or at least that's where I found it
when I fetched it, and there's still something there now; I haven't
checked that it's the same, but have no reason to think it's not.

> I'm afraid the micropayment argument doesn't hold water, because you
> can always pay for blocks of, say, a thousand stamps at a time, and
> exactly how hard is it to keep track of one counter per paying
> customer?

It's a lot more than that that the stamp vendor needs to keep track of.
The first thing that comes to mind is that recipients need a way to
check that a stamp hasn't already been used - and even if the sender
sends them in order, the recipients won't necessarily check them in
order.

>> Furthermore, the money paid for stamps goes to the wrong place, ie,
>> not to the recipients.  (Stamp vendors could in principle pay
>> recipients who get mail with their stamps.  This involves creation
>> of _another_ micropayment infrastructure per stamp vendor.)
> Good point.  There's a way around this, though - how about the
> recipient's stamp vendor collects a portion of the stamp's value from
> the sender's stamp vendor, and credits it to the recipient's account?

Sounds superficially plausible, but what do you do for fraud
prevention (that is, how can each tell that the other is reporting
honest totals)?  This gets an awful lot of regulatory entities
involved, especially when (say) one of them is in China and the other
is in Nigeria.

> This ignores mailing lists and the like, however.  [...]

Very true.

> Another solution is to use a proof-of-work stamp,

There really is no such thing.  Hashcash is not something that can be
attached to a message; it requires an interactive protocol.  (There may
be some way to do proof-of-work in an open-loop form, but I haven't
seen it yet.)

> Recipients can whitelist the trustworthy [stamp vendors] and
> blacklist the others - which is a much easier problem than the
> present practice of blacklisting individual senders.

For a little while, until spammers start creating throwaway stamp
vendors, the way they create throwaway domains now.

Still, it may be worth trying.  Most of this - on both our parts - is,
fundamentally, speculation, at present.  After all, none of this stops
people who mutually feel like it from continuing to use SMTP the way we
all have been so far.

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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: Answering a lot of questions about e-postage in a
 few   sentences
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> Electricity too cheap to meter!

> GE used to use that slogan, in the 1960's, to sell the idea of
> nuclear power plants.

> It's always suspect, tho not a priori false, and certainly suspect
> here, for the very reason we're here; it becomes abused.

I know someone who has phone service with, effectively, a
continent-wide local calling area.  (That is, one flat fee per month
(USD 40.00 is what I recall) covers all calls within North America.)

I gather it's new and thus relatively experimental, but people don't do
such things unless they have reason to think they will succeed
commercially.

>> It's not a fiction.  It's a fundamental difference between e-mail
>> and all those analogies people seem to like so much, a difference
>> that is in large part why the analogies are flawed.
> It's not "fundamentally different", it's mostly different as a matter
> of a degree, different costs, which would seem to argue
> "fundamentally the same".

It is a fundamental difference in that it is a difference at the
foundation (the "fundament").  It is a quantitative, rather than
qualitative, difference, yes, but it is still fundamental.  (Actually,
given how much of the reason it matters is social, I think a good case
could be made that it is a quantitative difference large enough to have
become qualitative.  I'm not going to more than mention it, though,
bceause I don't think it really matters whether it's thought of as
qualitative or quantitative: it's drastic enough either way.)

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From: Seth Breidbart <sethb@panix.com>
To: asrg@ietf.org
In-reply-to: <B0000030426@nts1.terabites.com> (gep2@terabites.com)
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Certificates
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gep2@terabites.com wrote:

>>  In deciding which email to receive (or allow to bypass strong
>> filtration), would you trust an irrevocable certificate from TrustE?
>> How about one from Verislime?  How about a revocable certificate from
>> Spamhaus?
>>
>> If you want your email to be received, which of those would you buy?
>
> The bottom line, again, is that certificates (like SPF) ultimately
> DO NOT SOLVE THE PROBLEM of spamming for the terribly simple and
> obvious reason that machines possessing valid certificates will be
> infected by spambot zombies (in fact, since they're "certificated"
> they will be widely sought-after zombie targets).

And about 40 seconds after they start spewing, spamhaus revokes their
certificate.

> So your "certificate-approved" machine gets infected, and now it's
> pumping out "certificate-guaranteed" spam like there's no tomorrow.

For 40 seconds, maybe.

> Certificates, like SPF, E-postage, and other such lame ideas, simply
> don't solve the problem.  They do NOT guarantee that mail is, or is
> not, spam.

No, but they can help reduce the amount of mail that's misclassified.

> The nice thing about my approach... don't allow most users
> (i.e. those users without a GENUINE, AGREED NEED) to send you
> HTML-burdened mails (force the mail to plain ASCII text) and
> similarly don't allow most users (other than those you've negotiated
> with and approved in advance) to send you attachments (and open that
> window, guardedly, for only a few trusted senders and a few specific
> attachment types).
>
> THEN, for the stuff that has gotten through (and where most of the
> tricks for obscuring content have been denied to the sender), you
> put it through a good content filter which will identify the stuff
> as spam if it looks like spam.

There don't seem to be any such content filters that are good enough
now; requiring them as part of your solution doesn't make your
solution any more viable.

> My scheme virtually eliminates spams and worms being sent
> successfully (to ME at least) in E-mails,

"virtually"?  How do they ever get through?

> Making that first filtering of the HTML junk happen also greatly
> increases the effectiveness of the content filtering of what's left,
> since there are very many fewer tricks left available to spammers
> and abusers for obscuring the true content of their unwanted
> messages.

When it's necessary, they'll find more, just like they always have.

Seth

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From: Jonathan Morton <chromi@chromatix.demon.co.uk>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] My take on e-postage
To: der Mouse <mouse@Rodents.Montreal.QC.CA>
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>>> Have you read the taugh whitepaper?  Some of the points it raises
>>> apply to your sketched design.

>> No - do you have a link?
>
> http://www.taugh.com/epostage.pdf - or at least that's where I found it
> when I fetched it, and there's still something there now; I haven't
> checked that it's the same, but have no reason to think it's not.

At least some of it's objections seem to hinge on stamps being 
anonymous.  Unlike e-coins, that need not be the case.  As I mention 
below, some problems are more easily solved with identified stamps.

>> I'm afraid the micropayment argument doesn't hold water, because you
>> can always pay for blocks of, say, a thousand stamps at a time, and
>> exactly how hard is it to keep track of one counter per paying
>> customer?
>
> It's a lot more than that that the stamp vendor needs to keep track of.
> The first thing that comes to mind is that recipients need a way to
> check that a stamp hasn't already been used - and even if the sender
> sends them in order, the recipients won't necessarily check them in
> order.

Not necessary, if the stamp cryptographically includes both the sender 
and recipient addresses.  If the recipient doesn't recognise the 
address the stamp was made for delivery to, it's invalid.

>>> Furthermore, the money paid for stamps goes to the wrong place, ie,
>>> not to the recipients.  (Stamp vendors could in principle pay
>>> recipients who get mail with their stamps.  This involves creation
>>> of _another_ micropayment infrastructure per stamp vendor.)

>> Good point.  There's a way around this, though - how about the
>> recipient's stamp vendor collects a portion of the stamp's value from
>> the sender's stamp vendor, and credits it to the recipient's account?
>
> Sounds superficially plausible, but what do you do for fraud
> prevention (that is, how can each tell that the other is reporting
> honest totals)?  This gets an awful lot of regulatory entities
> involved, especially when (say) one of them is in China and the other
> is in Nigeria.

I don't have a strong solution to that.  However, it should be a simple 
matter to at least list the actual stamps being claimed, and check them 
against stamps issued.

In the event of a dispute - for example, two vendors try to claim the 
same stamp - we start wanting to prove which claiming vendor actually 
has the stamp's addressed recipient as a customer.

One way of doing that, which should be cheap enough to deal with small 
disputes, is to send a special stamp to the recipient and see which 
vendor it comes back from.  Since the revenue from the stamp belongs to 
the recipient, it doesn't matter if he switched vendors in the 
meantime.  It also doesn't particularly matter if the test stamp never 
comes back.

For wider disputes, when measurable amounts of money get involved, you 
start bringing humans in to negotiate.  At some point, you might need 
to downgrade disputing vendors' reputation, or even start legal 
proceedings.  That last, however, is way beyond any reasonable 
technical measures, and indicates (alleged) fraud on the order of 
hundreds of thousands of stamps.

>> This ignores mailing lists and the like, however.  [...]
>
> Very true.
>
>> Another solution is to use a proof-of-work stamp,
>
> There really is no such thing.  Hashcash is not something that can be
> attached to a message; it requires an interactive protocol.  (There may
> be some way to do proof-of-work in an open-loop form, but I haven't
> seen it yet.)

Why is this?  Is it because the validity threshold of the recipient 
isn't a priori known to the sender?  If so, then a variation on the 
usual "delivery failed" mechanism (insufficient hashcash for delivery, 
please send 30 bits) should handle it.  If for some other reason, 
please expand.

>> Recipients can whitelist the trustworthy [stamp vendors] and
>> blacklist the others - which is a much easier problem than the
>> present practice of blacklisting individual senders.
>
> For a little while, until spammers start creating throwaway stamp
> vendors, the way they create throwaway domains now.

Which is why I said whitelists as well as blacklists.  It does mean 
there will be some barrier to entry for new stamp vendors, but I don't 
know if that will be a serious problem.

> Still, it may be worth trying.  Most of this - on both our parts - is,
> fundamentally, speculation, at present.  After all, none of this stops
> people who mutually feel like it from continuing to use SMTP the way we
> all have been so far.

Naturally.  This is also why the proprietary systems being proposed by 
certain large corporations may not succeed, however much money is 
behind them.

--------------------------------------------------------------
from:     Jonathan "Chromatix" Morton
mail:     chromi@chromatix.demon.co.uk
website:  http://www.chromatix.uklinux.net/
tagline:  The key to knowledge is not to rely on people to teach you it.


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>> It's a lot more than that that the stamp vendor needs to keep track
>> of.  The first thing that comes to mind is that recipients need a
>> way to check that a stamp hasn't already been used
> Not necessary, if the stamp cryptographically includes both the
> sender and recipient addresses.

Then the recipient needs a way to check the crypto signature - and even
then, you have to figure out a way that stamps can't get reused with
forged sender addresses.  (That is, X sends mail to Y, with a valid
stamp <X,Y>.  Spammer gets hold of a copy (through any of many possible
means) and sends mail with that stamp, to Y, forging X's address as the
sender.)

>>> Another solution is to use a proof-of-work stamp,
>> There really is no such thing.  Hashcash is not something that can
>> be attached to a message; it requires an interactive protocol.
>> (There may be some way to do proof-of-work in an open-loop form, but
>> I haven't seen it yet.)
> Why is this?

Why?  Simply because all the hashcash protocols I've seen outlined, or
that I've thought of, involve some kind of challenge by the recipient
which must be answered by the "payer".  A simple example might be "find
a data blob whose SHA-1 hash has these 20 bits set to these values".

As I said, I don't know whether this is an inherent property of
hashcash (by which I really mean "proof-of-work", even though,
strictly, hashcash is but one form of p-o-w) or whether it's just an
artifact of the hashcash schemes I am aware of.  But until someone
shows me one which doesn't have that property, I have to operate under
the assumption that no such thing exists.

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\ / Ribbon Campaign
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From: Jonathan Morton <chromi@chromatix.demon.co.uk>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] My take on e-postage
To: der Mouse <mouse@Rodents.Montreal.QC.CA>
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>>> It's a lot more than that that the stamp vendor needs to keep track
>>> of.  The first thing that comes to mind is that recipients need a
>>> way to check that a stamp hasn't already been used

>> Not necessary, if the stamp cryptographically includes both the
>> sender and recipient addresses.
>
> Then the recipient needs a way to check the crypto signature - and even
> then, you have to figure out a way that stamps can't get reused with
> forged sender addresses.  (That is, X sends mail to Y, with a valid
> stamp <X,Y>.  Spammer gets hold of a copy (through any of many possible
> means) and sends mail with that stamp, to Y, forging X's address as the
> sender.)

But the recipient Y will be able to tell if he's seen the same stamp 
twice.  That's trivial to deal with, especially since most modern MUAs 
(well, Eudora and Apple Mail, anyway) index their mail archive already 
by default.

As for verifying crypto signatures, the public key from the vendor is 
needed for that, since the vendor issued the stamp.  This is, broadly 
speaking, a one-time operation, which happens after the sender vendor's 
trustworthiness has been looked up.  It's also an operation that could 
potentially be offloaded on the recipient's vendor, since the recipient 
is probably going to send the stamp there for reimbursement anyway.

>>>> Another solution is to use a proof-of-work stamp,

>>> There really is no such thing.  Hashcash is not something that can
>>> be attached to a message; it requires an interactive protocol.
>>> (There may be some way to do proof-of-work in an open-loop form, but
>>> I haven't seen it yet.)

>> Why is this?
>
> Why?  Simply because all the hashcash protocols I've seen outlined, or
> that I've thought of, involve some kind of challenge by the recipient
> which must be answered by the "payer".  A simple example might be "find
> a data blob whose SHA-1 hash has these 20 bits set to these values".
>
> As I said, I don't know whether this is an inherent property of
> hashcash (by which I really mean "proof-of-work", even though,
> strictly, hashcash is but one form of p-o-w) or whether it's just an
> artifact of the hashcash schemes I am aware of.  But until someone
> shows me one which doesn't have that property, I have to operate under
> the assumption that no such thing exists.

Ah, I see what you're missing.  What you need is more like "find a data 
blob Y, which is different from this challenge X, where both X and Y 
have the same first N bits in their SHA-1 hash".  The challenge can 
then be arranged so that it contains various pieces of information 
about the mail itself, such as the sender, recipient, creation date and 
time, and possibly part of the content and/or some of the other header 
fields.

This way, the sender and the recipient can both figure out what the 
challenge should be (except for the number of bits, but a sensible 
default can be assumed), and the sender can then, with reasonable 
confidence about validity, attach the hashcash stamp to the mail.  If 
the sender has previously conversed with this recipient, it will also 
have a priori knowledge of N, improving efficiency.

--------------------------------------------------------------
from:     Jonathan "Chromatix" Morton
mail:     chromi@chromatix.demon.co.uk
website:  http://www.chromatix.uklinux.net/
tagline:  The key to knowledge is not to rely on people to teach you it.


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From: John Levine <asrg@johnlevine.com>
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: Answering a lot of questions about e-postage in a few   sentences
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> > > But telephone in general, postal, sender pays.
> > 
> > This is because no other system outside of e-mail has the same
> > underlying cost structure that e-mail does.  The phone system perhaps
> > comes cloest - and, surprise surprise, that's the system where the
> > analogue of spam is most hated and most acted against.
>
>Electricity too cheap to meter!

Actually, telephony has become too cheap to meter.  Every local
service provider from Verizon to Vonage has an unmetered plan that
they're trying to get people to buy.

The possiblities of abuse are limited, since the number of phone calls
you can make is limited by the fact that you only have one mouth to
speak out of, and the most annoying kinds of phone overusage abuse,
telemarketing and junk faxes, are already heavily regulated or
illegal.

This tells me that it really is a poor analogy for e-mail, since one
of the things that makes spam possible is that you can send a whole
lot of mail from a modest IP connection.

Regards,
John Levine, johnl@taugh.com, Taughannock Networks, Trumansburg NY
http://www.taugh.com


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Subject: Re: [Asrg] My take on e-postage
References: <8014E072-9685-11D8-A46E-000393863768@chromatix.demon.co.uk> <200404251913.PAA01767@Sparkle.Rodents.Montreal.QC.CA> <170754AC-96FD-11D8-A46E-000393863768@chromatix.demon.co.uk> <200404252143.RAA02636@Sparkle.Rodents.Montreal.QC.CA>
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der Mouse <mouse@Rodents.Montreal.QC.CA> wrote:

> Why?  Simply because all the hashcash protocols I've seen outlined, or
> that I've thought of, involve some kind of challenge by the recipient
> which must be answered by the "payer".  A simple example might be "find
> a data blob whose SHA-1 hash has these 20 bits set to these values".

Simple attempt (which probably won't work, but would take me a few
hours to figure out why):  "The message, including the timestamp
(which must be accurate to 10 seconds and only one is accepted per 10
seconds) and including From and Envelope-To (same as To) must have the
first 20 bits of its MD5 equal to 10101010101010101010; you may insert
an X-HashCash-Munger: header to make it work"

You can't do the work once for many recipients because the recipient
is included in the hash; and you can't re-use it because of the
timestamp.

Seth

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Subject: Re: [Asrg] My take on e-postage
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>> Why?  Simply because all the hashcash protocols I've seen outlined,
>> or that I've thought of, involve some kind of challenge by the
>> recipient which must be answered by the "payer".  A simple example
>> might be "find a data blob whose SHA-1 hash has these 20 bits set to
>> these values".
> Simple attempt (which probably won't work, but would take me a few
> hours to figure out why):  "The message, including the timestamp
> (which must be accurate to 10 seconds and only one is accepted per 10
> seconds) and including From and Envelope-To (same as To) must have
> the first 20 bits of its MD5 equal to 10101010101010101010;

> You can't do the work once for many recipients because the recipient
> is included in the hash;

Right.

> and you can't re-use it because of the timestamp.

Not quite that simple.

If the timestamp must match the time of the SMTP handoff, then you have
to recompute the hashcash for every retry (and are vulnerable to
unusually slow SMTP connections or recipient clocks set wrong); if the
timestamp need not match the time of the SMTP handoff, you are
vulnerable to backdated reuse.

You may be on to something here, though.  How about:

	The MD5 of the envelope-from, the envelope-to, the From:, To:,
	Message-Id:, and X-HashCash: headers, in that order,
	concatenated with the entire message body, must begin with
	however many 0 bits the recipient requires.

I think that addresses the issue.  Thank you.  (Replay isn't, I think,
much of an issue, when you can replay only whole messages including the
envelope.)

Of course, it still suffers from the usual problems endemic to all
hashcash, notably the very wide variety in CPU speeds out there.
J.=A0Random=A0Hacker in Outer Slobbovia running on a half-lung salvaged
68020 will be utterly blocked by hashcash values high enough to be even
noticed by Evil=A0Q.=A0Spammer's late-model 8-CPU 18GHz Hexium.

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\ / Ribbon Campaign
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> First things first.  The resource being consumed/abused is the 
recipient's inbox.  

While not the ONLY one, I'll agree that that's the one which is the biggest 
problem and the most annoying from the perspective of typical users.

> Therefore we need to make any charge a condition of entry into a participating 
recipient's inbox.  

I don't think it needs to be a CHARGE, per se.  But clearly we need to have a 
variety of ways that recipients can control who gets to put stuff (and more to 
the point, what KINDS of stuff) into their Inbox.

I've specifically mentioned HTML and attachments, but a similar control might be 
that a recipient might want to limit the ability of non-whitelisted senders to 
(say) drop messages bigger than a certain SIZE into their Inbox, too.  If 
someone is going to be gone on a cruise for a week or two, and has a typical 
10Mb Inbox provided by their ISP, it's a big problem if someone (especially 
someone sending a mis-addressed E-mail!) drops an 8Mb E-mail into their Inbox 
the moment the vacationer heads out the door!  Their mailbox might be bouncing 
important mail before their flight even takes off to their holiday destination. 
:-((

> That means the recipient is the one who needs to decide whether a stamp is 
needed, and whether any given stamp is sufficiently valid.

I don't think that recipients really give even a half-hoot about stamps.  What 
they have is a limited resource (Inbox, and their time!), and they typically 
want to restrict WHO has access to it, or (if they're a newcomer) how much space 
they can use until the recipient has decided whether or not to grant them more.

> Unilaterally charging a levy at the sending side isn't going to work, 
for a variety of reasons - primarily that the major ISPs will start 
using it as a revenue stream in it's own right, rather than for the 
intended purpose of preventing abuse by it's customers.  

ABSOLUTELY!!!!  Worse, the "revenue stream" will end up costing consumers A 
WHOLE LOT MORE than they pay today, for a whole lot less usable service.

> Another reason is that spammers will set up their own ISPs and backbones to 
avoid the normal stamping routes as much as possible.

Phooey!!  They don't send their own mail out NOW!  But whatever the mechanism is 
by which they avoid paying "postage", we agree that spammers won't be paying the 
costs of sending out their junk E-mails.  Someone else will pay (and dearly, no 
doubt).

> In a recipient-driven scheme, senders still have to be able to buy 
stamps, but they will be able to choose their stamp vendor, rather than 
being limited to their ISP.

Stamps are stupid and cumbersome.  I agree with those who point out that the 
purpose is to limit sending rate and volume, and that there must be easier and 
less complicated/expensive/disadvantageous ways to do that.

> There's always going to be a zombie-PC problem, to some extent at 
least.  

Thanks for also pointing that out.  That is in fact the KEY problem, at least 
using present-day spammer approaches.

> At the moment there are hundreds of thousands of insecure 
Windows machines out there, and they aren't going away.  

If anything, the Internet user population is overall DECREASING in savvy-level 
as more and more clueless-type-folks find their way increasingly online.

> There is a very slight possibility that it might be feasible to economically 
force novice users onto a more secure platform - such as the Mac - 

There's NOTHING inherently more secure about the Mac, other than the fact that 
it's a distinctly second-string system in terms of frequency and therefore 
hackers haven't focused their attention on it.  If everyone were running Macs, 
or everyone were running Linux, then hackers would be writing Mac or Linux worms 
instead, and they'd be comparably successful.

Note that (just recently) a multi-university "distributed supercomputer cluster" 
of *nix-based boxes was penetrated by hackers, much to the chagrin of the 
associated administrators.  And THAT was a system which DID have savvy, 
highly-intelligent-and-qualified admins AND expensive, professional-grade 
systems and "serious" OSes.

> ...but we can't rely on that, either.

Right, on that we agree.

> A problem is that zombies can't merely be used as a relay, they can 
also be used to leech any stamp account the victim uses for their own 
e-mail.  

Absolutely.  And that's why _all_ of these modified-DNS, SMTP-auth, SPF, 
certificate, E-postage, and similar such systems are ALL simply non-starters.  
NONE of them solve the problem, because zombie enlistment will enroll legitimate 
(trusted, legitimate) systems to serve spammers.

Any antispam approach (at least based on everything I've seen so far) which 
doesn't also address the worm/virus/zombie problem in a major way is like 
pissing into the wind.

> However, the compromised stamp account will quickly either 
become empty or run up a monstrous bill on the victim's credit card 
(the former situation is obviously preferable, and I'd hope that 
consumer stamp accounts were set up that way).  

Either way, there's going to have to be a procedure (probably involving 
per$onnel) to deal with that $ituation when it (frequently) develop$.  Taking 
the "Harry Hardass" approach ("well, that's just too frickin' bad, maybe you'll 
learn next time to not let your system get infected!") will end up eventually 
driving a lot of people offline that *need* to be online.  This kind of thing 
will eventually become a NIGHTMARE, and a costly one to boot.  I really don't 
see it as a practical solution.

> After that, the zombie can still spew mail all over the place, but it will be 
unstamped.  The empty account (or huge bill) also serves as a wake-up call to 
the victim, to get their machine cleaned and secured.

Fine, but again, meanwhile, you're going to have lots and lots of spam.  And for 
every spambot zombie that you clean up, the spammer will create two new ones.

> The interesting thing is that a stamp can also act as proof of where 
the mail was sent from, and/or who by, because there's a money trail 
(if nothing else) to follow, and each stamp is unique.  

Again, I think this is one of those "it seems like a step in the right 
direction" things, like SPF, that ultimately doesn't really answer the spam 
problem in a meaningful way.

> This probably won't tell you who the spammer is, but it can help for 
whitelisting... 

Well, you know, I don't think that you really HAVE to do that for useful 
whitelisting.  It's sorta like the metal grills in the door windows of microwave 
ovens... if the holes are small enough, the microwaves simply don't escape even 
though there are millions of holes.  If the bogus senders don't know how to get 
their spam through the holes, and the holes are small enough, then most spams 
are going to hit the barrier and fall by the wayside.

Hopefully most recipients will open their "permission windows" to their Inboxes 
JUST large enough to let in the stuff they want, from the folks they trust, and 
keep them tight enough that almost nothing else manages to slip in.

> forgery detection, 

Forgery detection sounds fine, and I suppose that you could even just build your 
OWN statistical table based on IP addresses that you've seen in the headers of 
valid E-mails coming from whitelisted senders, but again that fails dramatically 
when the "valid" non-forged sender gets infected and starts sending spams with 
valid return addresses.  I think that one can forego trying to detect forgeries, 
actually, as long as you have a good way to detect spams based on their CONTENT.

Content is really what decides whether something is spam or not, NOT whether 
it's forged, or sent in bulk, or most anything else.

> ...and for notifying victims.  And it doesn't require 
the victim's ISP to lift a finger, unless they also happen to be the 
stamp vendor.

E-postage is cumbersome, costly, and very labor-intensive to deal with the 
problems that would inevitably result from it.

>  The big disadvantage for e-postage is that everyone now has to pay for 
e-mail service.  A service which we presently take for granted as 
incrementally free.

Yeah, that's not exactly an appealing aspect of it either.  Especially as 
worthwhile organizations come up with good, non-abusive ways to further social 
goals using the low-cost options that E-mail makes available.  Even just 
"community building" things like Yahoogroups... things which are very 
satisfying, even though most folks would never pay for them directly on an 
incremental basis.

> There are alternative schemes which can operate alongside e-postage to 
eliminate the monetary cost for most normal purposes.  A combination of 
a proof-of-work stamp (such as hashcash) and a proof-of-identity 
signature would also serve a useful rate-limiting purpose.  Again, it's 
up to the recipient to decide how strong a guarantee he requires before 
a mail can land in his inbox.  

The problem, again, is that both "proof of work" and "proof of identity" are... 
JUST like E-postage... subject to being subverted/stolen by spammers.  The army 
of spammer zombies out there have a collective computing power FAR greater than 
that of ALL the legitimate E-mail publishers.  So that scheme simply doesn't 
work.  And likewise, "identified" systems can be taken over by zombies.  So 
neither of these schemes work.  Period.

> (At the moment, most recipients' barriers to entry are exceptionally low, even 
with today's content filters, because there's no practical, universal way to 
detect forged mail.)

Detecting "forged" mail, while arguably nice to know, only tells you whether 
mail is (probably) forged.  It doesn't tell you EITHER that the mail is, or that 
it is not, spam.  Absolutely *nothing* whatsoever says that spam must use forged 
return addresses (and as I've pointed out, it's a KINDNESS of the spammers 
(after a fashion, anyhow) that they do for now usually use forged return 
addresses).  It achieves little (and is probably counterproductive) to force 
spambot zombies to use real, legitimate E-mail addresses instead.

And note that, as I've pointed out, those E-mail addresses don't even need to be 
valid for the sending MACHINE... a big ISP, for example swbell.net, will 
SPF-certify EVERY E-mail that uses a legitimate swbell.net user name (and there 
are probably MILLIONS of valid ones) since any of those could conceivably come 
from any swbell.net mail server.  So this whole area, too, is honestly a 
non-starter (as much as Wong would try to make less-cognizant folks believe 
otherwise).

> The common factor in the above is that the sender can say "I want this 
mail to go through so badly that I will do one or more of the 
following:  prove *I* sent it; pay for a stamp from a trustworthy 
vendor; expend N seconds of CPU time".  

I think it's enlightening to understand that *NONE* of those costs need 
necessarily to be borne by the actual spammer.  Clearly they can, and will, 
shift those to their victims... just as OBL didn't BUY the (literally HUNDREDS 
OF MILLIONS of dollars worth of) airplanes and fuel that they used to destroy 
WTC and damage the Pentagon.  They STOLE our own resources and used our OWN 
things against us.  Spammers do the exact same thing, and it's critical to not 
forget that.  All of these schemes (except mine, I think) are based on spammers 
"playing by the (new) rules" and there's more than ample evidence to prove that 
they simply don't do that, and aren't likely to start doing so anytime soon.

> The recipient can then look at the credentials supplied with the mail, 
optionally check them against stamp vendors' databases (etc.), and decide 
whether they're good enough.

Again, a non-solution because spambot zombies will commandeer "credentialed" 
systems and spam from them.

That's one of the distinguishing characteristics of my proposed approach... 
there is nobody who gets blanket approval to do anything everywhere (with the 
exception that everybody (by default, anyhow) can send HTML-free, 
attachment-free plain ASCII text E-mail, as long as it passes the content filter 
that identifies nearly all spam mail content).

An infected zombie machine only can send the type of E-mails it usually sends, 
and only to the folks who have approved receiving those from it.

Bogus counterfeit E-mails as From addresses for HTML-burdened E-mail are very 
very unlikely to get through the permissions gauntlet protecting the recipient's 
Inbox.  Those trying to send executable attachments have less (almost zero!) 
likelihood of ever being delivered, simply because most recipients allow almost 
nobody to send them that kind of stuff.

And it doesn't matter all that much if someone with lots of permissions ends up 
being infected, since chances are good that if they start sending spam, it will 
STILL be picked up by the content filter... (and they can only still spam to the 
people they habitually send that type and class of HTML-burdened stuff to, and 
the spammer doesn't really know who that might be so they don't have any very 
effective way of deciding what part of their spam victim database to send to 
each zombie spambot machine).

Likewise, they in general don't know who the intended recipient might have 
whitelisted, so they don't know either which machines they'd need to infect (or 
what From addresses they'd have to counterfeit) in order to get their spam 
through to that specific recipient.

What this ends up building is a fairly narrow-mesh permissions grid where a 
spammer has a very small chance of guessing their way successfully through it.

And the biggest problem confounding most antispam approaches, the spambot 
zombie, is virtually eliminated as a threat (at least for E-mail transmission) 
by my approach's default of not allowing executable attachments from 
non-whitelisted (TO SEND EXECUTABLES!) senders.  Again, note that typical users 
will normally not whitelist ANYBODY AT ALL to send them executable attachments!

NONE of these other DNS-based, certificate-based, credentials-based, 
E-postage-based, Hashcash-based, upload-rate-limited, etc., technical proposals 
do much of anything at all to solve the problem of how easy it is to recruit 
zombie spambots, and that's a big part of why they simply don't solve the 
problem!

> People, please point out what's wrong with the above, specific 
high-level design, not with "e-postage" in the abstract.

Hopefully I've managed to pretty adequately do that.  ;-)

Gordon Peterson                  http://personal.terabites.com/
1977-2002  Twenty-fifth anniversary year of Local Area Networking!
Support free and fair US elections!  http://stickers.defend-democracy.org
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From: Jonathan Morton <chromi@chromatix.demon.co.uk>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] My take on e-postage
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> Of course, it still suffers from the usual problems endemic to all
> hashcash, notably the very wide variety in CPU speeds out there.
> J.=A0Random=A0Hacker in Outer Slobbovia running on a half-lung =
salvaged
> 68020 will be utterly blocked by hashcash values high enough to be =
even
> noticed by Evil=A0Q.=A0Spammer's late-model 8-CPU 18GHz Hexium.

Some numbers, using hashcash 0.27 (compiled with optimisation for each=20=

machine):

My 16MHz 68030 (an old Mac pulled from a skip) can do 1000 hashes a=20
second - it'll take 15-20 minutes on average to do a 20-bit collision. =20=

For the impoverished people that must rely on such a machine, this is=20
vaguely acceptable.  They can always go outside and do a bit of=20
gardening while they wait.

My 200MHz Pentium-MMX can do 84000 hashes a second, reducing the time=20
for a 20-bit collision to 12 seconds - a much more acceptable figure. =20=

The vast majority of Internet users in the Western world have a machine=20=

at least this fast.  Indeed any Pentium-class CPU would appear to be=20
able to produce a 20-bit collision in under a minute (on average).

My 1600MHz Athlon-XP can do 575000 hashes a second - enough to reduce=20
the time for a 20-bit collision to 2 seconds.  Most enthusiasts and=20
power users have a machine about this size, which reduces a 20-bit=20
hashcash to near invisibility for normal levels of e-mail.

I estimate that the fastest current-generation CPUs can do a 20-bit=20
collision in about 1 second.  Assuming spammers can build 4-way boxes=20
out of these, how many boxes will they need to fill a T1 to capacity,=20
the way they used to?  Assuming a 5KB spam size, about 7500 of them. =20
Is this economically feasible for the spammer?  You tell me.

So, assuming the spammer is limited to conventional CPUs and that=20
hashcash is widely used, he is now rate-limited to 1 spam per second=20
per CPU for machines he builds himself, and perhaps 1 spam per 2-5=20
seconds per zombie he controls.  This is a VAST improvement on the=20
current situation.

On the other hand, in an earlier discussion on this subject, I pointed=20=

out that dedicated hardware can be built to accelerate hashcash=20
generation.  Someone else replied that if the spammers can do it, so=20
can Taiwan, and cheaper.  If everyone has access to a SHA-1 coprocessor=20=

and an e-mail program that supports it, the playing field becomes more=20=

level, not less.

However, there's a flaw in that argument too, because coprocessors=20
cheap enough for Aunt Tillie to buy one without thinking too hard about=20=

it, are also cheap enough for the spammers to buy in hundreds, together=20=

with a huge batch of USB hubs to plug them into a mere handful of=20
servers.  But that still means the spammers can "only" send hundreds of=20=

times as much mail as Aunt Tillie, which is still a vast improvement on=20=

the status quo.

--------------------------------------------------------------
from:     Jonathan "Chromatix" Morton
mail:     chromi@chromatix.demon.co.uk
website:  http://www.chromatix.uklinux.net/
tagline:  The key to knowledge is not to rely on people to teach you it.


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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: Asrg] My take on e-postage
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>> First things first.  The resource being consumed/abused is the 
>> recipient's inbox.
>
> While not the ONLY one, I'll agree that that's the one which is the 
> biggest
> problem and the most annoying from the perspective of typical users.

Agreed.

> I've specifically mentioned HTML and attachments, but a similar 
> control might be
> that a recipient might want to limit the ability of non-whitelisted 
> senders to
> (say) drop messages bigger than a certain SIZE into their Inbox, too.  
> If
> someone is going to be gone on a cruise for a week or two...
>
> I don't think that recipients really give even a half-hoot about 
> stamps.  What
> they have is a limited resource (Inbox, and their time!), and they 
> typically
> want to restrict WHO has access to it, or (if they're a newcomer) how 
> much space
> they can use until the recipient has decided whether or not to grant 
> them more.

That's also an interesting way of looking at the problem, but it can 
already be handled without extra standards.  Perhaps someone could 
write something to hook into procmail, and/or write a BCP.

>> In a recipient-driven scheme, senders still have to be able to buy 
>> stamps, but they will be able to choose their stamp vendor, rather 
>> than being limited to their ISP.
>
> Stamps are stupid and cumbersome.  I agree with those who point out 
> that the
> purpose is to limit sending rate and volume, and that there must be 
> easier and
> less complicated/expensive/disadvantageous ways to do that.

Without attaching *some* new piece of information to the mail itself, 
the only even partial solution I can see is rate-limiting by the 
sender's ISP.  Which isn't happening, in general.  Only a few ISPs - 
the most savvy and network-oriented (as opposed to revenue-oriented) - 
seem to have any mechanism to detect and deal with zombies.

>> There's always going to be a zombie-PC problem, to some extent at 
>> least.
>
> Thanks for also pointing that out.  That is in fact the KEY problem, 
> at least using present-day spammer approaches.

Hold onto that thought.

Why did spammers start using zombies?  Because we got good at 
blacklisting by IP address.

Why did we blacklist by IP address, rather than whitelist by e-mail 
address?  Because we didn't have any strong authentication method that 
was widely used - and we still don't.

> There's NOTHING inherently more secure about the Mac, other than the 
> fact that
> it's a distinctly second-string system in terms of frequency and 
> therefore
> hackers haven't focused their attention on it.  If everyone were 
> running Macs,
> or everyone were running Linux, then hackers would be writing Mac or 
> Linux worms
> instead, and they'd be comparably successful.
>
> Note that (just recently) a multi-university "distributed 
> supercomputer cluster"
> of *nix-based boxes was penetrated by hackers, much to the chagrin of 
> the
> associated administrators.  And THAT was a system which DID have savvy,
> highly-intelligent-and-qualified admins AND expensive, 
> professional-grade
> systems and "serious" OSes.

The difference is that the cluster was hacked by a determined, 
"professional" cracker in an isolated incident.  The Wintel zombies are 
being compromised by what we used to call "script kiddies" using 
mass-market exploits, via vulnerabilities that were either known (and 
were patched) long before, or social engineering coupled with poor OS 
design.

While the Mac and Linux are not perfect, they do lack many of the 
fundamental design flaws that make Windows such a soft target.  Linux 
MUAs are largely incapable of creating an executable file on their own, 
and have to be deliberately coaxed into expanding a tarball in such a 
way.  Apple Mail isn't quite as mistrustful, but it's generally clear 
to a Mac user what is an executable and what isn't.

>> A problem is that zombies can't merely be used as a relay, they can 
>> also be used to leech any stamp account the victim uses for their own 
>> e-mail.
>
> Absolutely.  And that's why _all_ of these modified-DNS, SMTP-auth, 
> SPF,
> certificate, E-postage, and similar such systems are ALL simply 
> non-starters.
> NONE of them solve the problem, because zombie enlistment will enroll 
> legitimate
> (trusted, legitimate) systems to serve spammers.

Then how do you propose to get rid of the zombies?  I thought we just 
agreed they were always going to be a problem.

If the resource being leeched is controlled by a third party, however, 
it's easier to monitor and take action on suspicious behaviour.  This 
is why e-postage can be helpful - as I mentioned immediately 
afterwards, the compromised account will quickly run dry.

>> However, the compromised stamp account will quickly either become 
>> empty or run up a monstrous bill on the victim's credit card (the 
>> former situation is obviously preferable, and I'd hope that consumer 
>> stamp accounts were set up that way).
>
> Either way, there's going to have to be a procedure (probably 
> involving per$onnel) to deal with that $ituation when it (frequently) 
> develop$.

Of course.  Education is vital!  Perhaps, to save personnel costs, ISPs 
(especially those who are also stamp vendors) will start throwing in 
antivirus software, easy-to-use personal firewalls, and even (wow!) day 
classes for net-newbies.

> Taking the "Harry Hardass" approach ("well, that's just too frickin' 
> bad, maybe you'll learn next time to not let your system get 
> infected!") will end up eventually driving a lot of people offline 
> that *need* to be online.  This kind of thing will eventually become a 
> NIGHTMARE, and a costly one to boot.  I really don't see it as a 
> practical solution.

ISPs that take that kind of attitude probably deserve to lose 
customers.  The *right* approach is to offer advice on how to clean up 
and secure their machine, and how to avoid future infections.  It's not 
really all that hard, and they could even print a leaflet about it with 
step-by-step instructions.

>> After that, the zombie can still spew mail all over the place, but it 
>> will be unstamped.  The empty account (or huge bill) also serves as a 
>> wake-up call to the victim, to get their machine cleaned and secured.
>
> Fine, but again, meanwhile, you're going to have lots and lots of 
> spam.  And for every spambot zombie that you clean up, the spammer 
> will create two new ones.

Unstamped spam isn't going to get into the inboxes of participating 
recipients - that's the whole point.  Once woken up, the victim might 
be one less person to get re-infected in the future, so perhaps the 
endless supply of zombies will get less plentiful in the future.  At 
the moment, there's little or no feedback to victims, so they don't 
learn anything.

>> The interesting thing is that a stamp can also act as proof of where 
>> the mail was sent from, and/or who by, because there's a money trail 
>> (if nothing else) to follow, and each stamp is unique.
>
> Again, I think this is one of those "it seems like a step in the right 
> direction" things, like SPF, that ultimately doesn't really answer the 
> spam problem in a meaningful way.

...but it's not actually a *bad* thing, is it?

>> This probably won't tell you who the spammer is, but it can help for 
>> whitelisting...
>
> Well, you know, I don't think that you really HAVE to do that for 
> useful
> whitelisting.  It's sorta like the metal grills in the door windows of 
> microwave
> ovens... if the holes are small enough, the microwaves simply don't 
> escape even
> though there are millions of holes.

Uh-huh...

>> forgery detection,
>
> Forgery detection sounds fine, and I suppose that you could even just 
> build your
> OWN statistical table based on IP addresses that you've seen in the 
> headers of
> valid E-mails coming from whitelisted senders, but again that fails 
> dramatically
> when the "valid" non-forged sender gets infected and starts sending 
> spams with
> valid return addresses.

But in that case, you know who's sending it, so you can block them 
temporarily and help them fix it.

> I think that one can forego trying to detect forgeries, actually, as 
> long as you have a good way to detect spams based on their CONTENT.

But we don't.  If we did, we'd be able to stop spam, NOW, just by 
slapping one of these perfect filters on the front of our inbox.  
Here's some news:  we already do use content filters - everything from 
Bayes through distributed bulk detectors to phrase matching.  It helps, 
but it is absolutely nowhere near perfect.

>> ...and for notifying victims.  And it doesn't require the victim's 
>> ISP to lift a finger, unless they also happen to be the stamp vendor.
>
> E-postage is cumbersome, costly, and very labor-intensive to deal with 
> the problems that would inevitably result from it.

Some of the proposed schemes undoubtedly are.  Have you read the 
discussion I've been having with "der Mouse" over the past day or so?  
I think we've hashed out something a lot more scalable than most, 
though I won't pretend it's finished.  Many schemes and objections seem 
to assume, for example, that stamps have to be anonymous like e-coins - 
which makes them unreasonably hard to verify.

>> There are alternative schemes which can operate alongside e-postage 
>> to eliminate the monetary cost for most normal purposes.  A 
>> combination of a proof-of-work stamp (such as hashcash) and a 
>> proof-of-identity signature would also serve a useful rate-limiting 
>> purpose.  Again, it's up to the recipient to decide how strong a 
>> guarantee he requires before a mail can land in his inbox.
>
> The problem, again, is that both "proof of work" and "proof of 
> identity" are... JUST like E-postage... subject to being 
> subverted/stolen by spammers.  The army of spammer zombies out there 
> have a collective computing power FAR greater than that of ALL the 
> legitimate E-mail publishers.  So that scheme simply doesn't work.

Take a look at the numbers I worked out, with commentary, in the 
discussion with "der Mouse".  The gist of it is that while zombies can 
indeed be turned into hashcash factories, they will still be limited to 
a tiny fraction of what they'd normally be capable of if they were just 
limited by bandwidth.  So it improves the situation dramatically when 
compared to the status quo.

And that's while keeping the bit count low enough to run on Aunt 
Tillie's prehistoric Mac IIcx.  If we forget about the IIcx and 
concentrate on Pentium-class customers, the rate limit gets even 
tighter.

> And likewise, "identified" systems can be taken over by zombies.  So 
> neither of these schemes work.  Period.

If an identification is compromised, a few spams will get through to 
particular recipients who have it on their whitelist, but the 
recipients will know exactly who needs to be told about it, and can 
remove the appropriate whitelist entries until it gets fixed.  Without 
the whitelist, the identification becomes moot, as the filter will fall 
back on other schemes.

>> (At the moment, most recipients' barriers to entry are exceptionally 
>> low, even with today's content filters, because there's no practical, 
>> universal way to detect forged mail.)
>
> Detecting "forged" mail, while arguably nice to know, only tells you 
> whether mail is (probably) forged.  It doesn't tell you EITHER that 
> the mail is, or that it is not, spam.

Do I want forged mail in my inbox?  No, because whoever sent it can't 
be trusted to even say who he is.  End of discussion.

> [...] Likewise, they in general don't know who the intended recipient 
> might have whitelisted, so they don't know either which machines 
> they'd need to infect (or what From addresses they'd have to 
> counterfeit) in order to get their spam through to that specific 
> recipient.

Stop.  Think.  How do mass-mailing worms usually find machines to 
infect?  They scan the latest victim's address book.  Then they send 
infected mail using every combination of addresses they can think of 
from that list.  Chances are good, a lot of these people know each 
other and maybe even trust each other to send attachments once in a 
while.  Add just a tiny bit of social engineering, and you have a fresh 
zombie.

The same logic applies to spam.  Chances are, a lot of people in the 
address book will be in each others' whitelists.

> And the biggest problem confounding most antispam approaches, the 
> spambot zombie, is virtually eliminated as a threat (at least for 
> E-mail transmission) by my approach's default of not allowing 
> executable attachments from non-whitelisted (TO SEND EXECUTABLES!) 
> senders.  Again, note that typical users will normally not whitelist 
> ANYBODY AT ALL to send them executable attachments!

Executable attachments are old news.  Every ISP with a clue already 
blocks them.  The new threat is ZIP archives!  Even better, they're 
polymorphic, password-encrypted ZIP archives that are hard to scan with 
antivirus programs!  Tell me, how do these fit into your brilliant 
scheme?  Don't forget that these ZIP archives are often apparently 
coming from people the recipient trusts, and probably has in their 
whitelist...

--------------------------------------------------------------
from:     Jonathan "Chromatix" Morton
mail:     chromi@chromatix.demon.co.uk
website:  http://www.chromatix.uklinux.net/
tagline:  The key to knowledge is not to rely on people to teach you it.


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From: Richard Willey <richard_willey@symantec.com>
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Subject: [Asrg] E-Postage, Micropayments, and layering violations
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While the great debate regarding e-postage and micropayments is certainly 
amusing to watch, it doesn't seem to be accomplishing very much.
I would like to humbly make the following suggestion:

1. An E-Postage system represents a specialized type of Micropayment 
architecture.

2. Micropayment architectures have an enormous number of uses above and 
beyond E-Postage systems.

3. The mailing list should not focus on implementing its own Micropayment 
architecture, but rather:

(a) Determine whether a working micropayment architecture would represent 
a feasible solution to SPAM
(b) Determine whether an E-Postage system would create a unique set of 
requirements for a working micropayments architecture.
(c) Attempt to ballpark a set of parameters that describe the boundary 
conditions necessary to make an E-Postage system feasible.
      For example, 

       (i) Transaction costs must be less than X
       (ii) The system must scale to support Y requests
       (iii) Peak load over time can be modelled by equation Z

Personally, I started life as an academic economist.  As such, I am very 
biased in favor of user fees.
E-Postage seems like the best way to proceed, but I have no illusions that 
that this list is going to develop a workable architecture.

Ultimately, I very much hope that ISPs are forced to adopt business models 
based on charging for bandwidth and bursting.
I would even go so far as to argue that consumers have a vested interest 
in adopting point-to-point encryption to destroy the ability of the ISPs 
subsidize bandwidth with "value added services"
However, that;s an argument for another day.


 
Richard Willey

Strategic Marketing
Symantec Corporation
Office:
(408) 517-7740
Interoffice: 
6 [408] 7740
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(408) 410-7112
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Hail Ants




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To: der Mouse <mouse@Rodents.Montreal.QC.CA>
Cc: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] My take on e-postage
Reply-To: EKR <ekr@rtfm.com>
References: <8014E072-9685-11D8-A46E-000393863768@chromatix.demon.co.uk>
	<200404251913.PAA01767@Sparkle.Rodents.Montreal.QC.CA>
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From: Eric Rescorla <ekr@rtfm.com>
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 Mouse's message of "Mon, 26 Apr 2004 00:12:25 -0400 (EDT)")
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der Mouse <mouse@Rodents.Montreal.QC.CA> writes:
> Of course, it still suffers from the usual problems endemic to all
> hashcash, notably the very wide variety in CPU speeds out there.
> J.=A0Random=A0Hacker in Outer Slobbovia running on a half-lung salvaged
> 68020 will be utterly blocked by hashcash values high enough to be even
> noticed by Evil=A0Q.=A0Spammer's late-model 8-CPU 18GHz Hexium.

One response to this has been to try to design functions that are
less dependent on processing power and more dependent on stuff
that's less variable.=20

See, e.g.,

http://citeseer.ist.psu.edu/context/2125750/0
http://citeseer.ist.psu.edu/554568.html

That said, I seem to remember hearing that there have been
problems with these functions, though I don't track the
field that carefully...

-Ekr

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From: Jonathan Morton <chromi@chromatix.demon.co.uk>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] My take on e-postage
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>> Of course, it still suffers from the usual problems endemic to all
>> hashcash, notably the very wide variety in CPU speeds out there.
>> J.=A0Random=A0Hacker in Outer Slobbovia running on a half-lung =
salvaged
>> 68020 will be utterly blocked by hashcash values high enough to be=20
>> even
>> noticed by Evil=A0Q.=A0Spammer's late-model 8-CPU 18GHz Hexium.
>
> One response to this has been to try to design functions that are
> less dependent on processing power and more dependent on stuff
> that's less variable.
>
> That said, I seem to remember hearing that there have been
> problems with these functions, though I don't track the
> field that carefully...

The main one I remember (offhand) is something using memory bandwidth=20
rather than core.  The problem with that is anything with a large=20
enough working set to swamp the 2MB and 4MB on-die caches that are now=20=

appearing, will simply not run on my Mac IIcx with only 8MB *total*=20
RAM.

And the spammers can always splurge for a big IBM POWER5 workstation=20
with 8MB on-module L2 cache (4 dies per module, 2MB per die) and insane=20=

amounts of L3 cache.

--------------------------------------------------------------
from:     Jonathan "Chromatix" Morton
mail:     chromi@chromatix.demon.co.uk
website:  http://www.chromatix.uklinux.net/
tagline:  The key to knowledge is not to rely on people to teach you it.


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From: John Levine <asrg@johnlevine.com>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] E-Postage, Micropayments, and layering violations
In-Reply-To: <c6j2bs$5k0$1@xuxa.iecc.com>
Organization: I.E.C.C., Trumansburg NY USA
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>3. The mailing list should not focus on implementing its own Micropayment 
>architecture, but rather:
>
>(a) Determine whether a working micropayment architecture would represent 
>a feasible solution to SPAM
>(b) Determine whether an E-Postage system would create a unique set of 
>requirements for a working micropayments architecture.
>(c) Attempt to ballpark a set of parameters that describe the boundary 
>conditions necessary to make an E-Postage system feasible. ...

 ... which remains entirely hypothetical since nobody has any idea how
to build a micropayment system within a couple of orders of magnitude
of what you'd need for any plausible e-mail system.  The unique
requirement is be that the vast majority of attempted transactions
would be bogus which rules out a lot of statistical approaches, but
it's the scale that's the killer.

>Ultimately, I very much hope that ISPs are forced to adopt business
>models based on charging for bandwidth and bursting.

ISPs do charge for bandwidth.  My ISP charges more for a full T1 than
for a fractional T1.  DSL connections come in different sizes where you
pay more for a faster connection.  Above T1 you also get burst charges.

On the other hand, at the retail level, the trend has always been toward
flat rates, just like it has been in every other even vaguely comparable
service.  See Andy Odlyzko's papers on this subject.

Underlying IP bandwidth isn't the problem.  The total amount of mail
that my users send every day is far less than a single (legal) MP3
download from my web server.  I agree that we need some sort of rate
limiting for mail, but I'd rather address rate limiting directly than
try to invent elaborate indirect systems that we hope will rate limit
as a side effect.

Regards,
John Levine, johnl@taugh.com, Taughannock Networks, Trumansburg NY
http://www.taugh.com



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From: John Levine <asrg@johnlevine.com>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] hashcash, was My take on e-postage
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>  Assuming spammers can build 4-way boxes out of these, how many
> boxes will they need to fill a T1 to capacity, the way they used to?
> Assuming a 5KB spam size, about 7500 of them.  Is this economically
> feasible for the spammer?  You tell me.

Of course it is.  They infect 10,000 new zombie PCs every day.

Regards,
John Levine, johnl@taugh.com, Taughannock Networks, Trumansburg NY
http://www.taugh.com

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John Levine wrote:

>> Assuming spammers can build 4-way boxes out of these, how many
>>boxes will they need to fill a T1 to capacity, the way they used to?
>>Assuming a 5KB spam size, about 7500 of them.  Is this economically
>>feasible for the spammer?  You tell me.

> Of course it is.  They infect 10,000 new zombie PCs every day.

Multiply that by 6. We're seeing 65,000 - 70,000 zombie detections per 
day, and the daily detection count is still trending upwards.

80% of spam detected by this method (it's catching approximately 65-70% 
of all of our spam) is coming from detections less than 4 days old.  90% 
< 6 days old.  95% < 12 days old.

Are we having fun yet?

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>> I've specifically mentioned HTML and attachments, but a similar 
> control might be
> that a recipient might want to limit the ability of non-whitelisted 
> senders to
> (say) drop messages bigger than a certain SIZE into their Inbox, too.  
> If
> someone is going to be gone on a cruise for a week or two...

>> I don't think that recipients really give even a half-hoot about 
> stamps.  What
> they have is a limited resource (Inbox, and their time!), and they 
> typically
> want to restrict WHO has access to it, or (if they're a newcomer) how 
> much space
> they can use until the recipient has decided whether or not to grant 
> them more.

> That's also an interesting way of looking at the problem, 

Thanks.  The biggest problem with unrestricted sending is that one's inbox fills 
up and mail starts bouncing.  THAT creates HUGE problems for (at least many) 
people.

> ...but it can already be handled without extra standards.  

Sure, and my solution doesn't really require "standards" either, since by its 
nature it is single-ended.

> Perhaps someone could write something to hook into procmail, and/or write a 
BCP.

I guess I really need to find out more about BCP documents.  What does it take 
to write them, is there a particular format they must adhere to, and where must 
they be submitted for review/distribution/archiving/etc?

>>> In a recipient-driven scheme, senders still have to be able to buy 
>> stamps, but they will be able to choose their stamp vendor, rather 
>> than being limited to their ISP.

>> Stamps are stupid and cumbersome.  I agree with those who point out 
> that the
> purpose is to limit sending rate and volume, and that there must be 
> easier and
> less complicated/expensive/disadvantageous ways to do that.

> Without attaching *some* new piece of information to the mail itself, 
the only even partial solution I can see is rate-limiting by the 
sender's ISP.  

And that implies that the ISP treats E-mail as a special case, and/or forces 
originators within their network to use the ISP's mail servers (which many of us 
REALLY do not want to do).

In my case, for example, I'd really rather use the mail server provided by 
DomainDirect (my domain provider for terabites.com, and indeed for all the 
domains I provide for my consulting clients) rather than the one provided by 
comcast.net.  It simply looks more professional to have my server be 
"mail.terabites.com" or "smtp.terabites.com" than "dfw.comcast.net" or whatever.

And of course, there's also the issue about braindead SPF-type schemes which try 
to FORCE users to use mail server IP addresses which are coherent with the From: 
address... if I'm going to use my terabites.com E-mail address, then I would not 
be able to do that from my comcast.net-provided SMTP server.

One interesting-sounding alternative approach is to MAKE SURE that any Web site 
being promoted by the spam gets LOTS AND LOTS of hits... for example, by having 
EVERY recipient of the spam auto-generate hits against the Web sites being 
promoted.  (The result is essentially a DDOS attack against the spammer's site!) 
 The problem with that approach, as fun as it initially sounds, is that it's far 
too easy for the spammer to use that mechanism to "joe-job" someone else.

> Which isn't happening, in general.  

And for a number of good reasons, including that in general they don't have any 
ready way to control what is and isn't E-mail... and to decide what you count 
and what you don't.  Do copies count as much as original destination addresses? 
 How about bcc copies?  What about mails sent to forwarding services or mailing 
lists (or zombies, for that matter)?  It's ultimately pretty easy to evade such 
schemes.

> Only a few ISPs - the most savvy and network-oriented (as opposed to 
revenue-oriented) - seem to have any mechanism to detect and deal with zombies.

It's very hard to deal with in any definitive way.  How do you distinguish 
whether outgoing mail from a normally-reputable system is really still 
legitimate?

>>> There's always going to be a zombie-PC problem, to some extent at 
>> least.

>> Thanks for also pointing that out.  That is in fact the KEY problem, 
> at least using present-day spammer approaches.

> Hold onto that thought.

> Why did spammers start using zombies?  Because we got good at 
blacklisting by IP address.

That, plus they simply decided that it was silly for them to use their OWN 
resources for spamming, when it was so easy to steal resources from other 
people.

> Why did we blacklist by IP address, rather than whitelist by e-mail 
address?  Because we didn't have any strong authentication method that 
was widely used - and we still don't.

Well, not really.  

A salesman who hands out thousands of business cards a year (or a company which 
posts a customer service e-mail address on the labels of their products) is 
EXPECTING to get mail from people they haven't whitelisted... just as publishing 
your telephone number in the phone book is done PRECISELY SO THAT you can be 
called by people you haven't given your phone number to, personally (and thus 
'whitelisted').  Normal whitelisting schemes generally don't allow you to get 
mail from people not yet on your whitelist.  Blacklisting IP addresses, on the 
other hand, allowed us to block known-bad open relays and other familiar sites 
that spammers were massively misusing.

This fixation on "authentication" and forged From addresses is really dumb 
because it really does NOT solve the problem.  (NEITHER the spam problem NOR the 
worm/virus problem).  It's really just a diversion chewing up a lot of 
engineering time and standards committee effort which ultimately isn't going to 
be effective for the stated purpose.

>> There's NOTHING inherently more secure about the Mac, other than the 
> fact that
> it's a distinctly second-string system in terms of frequency and 
> therefore
> hackers haven't focused their attention on it.  If everyone were 
> running Macs,
> or everyone were running Linux, then hackers would be writing Mac or 
> Linux worms
> instead, and they'd be comparably successful.

>> Note that (just recently) a multi-university "distributed 
> supercomputer cluster"
> of *nix-based boxes was penetrated by hackers, much to the chagrin of 
> the
> associated administrators.  And THAT was a system which DID have savvy,
> highly-intelligent-and-qualified admins AND expensive, 
> professional-grade
> systems and "serious" OSes.

> The difference is that the cluster was hacked by a determined, 
"professional" cracker in an isolated incident.  The Wintel zombies are 
being compromised by what we used to call "script kiddies" using 
mass-market exploits, via vulnerabilities that were either known (and 
were patched) long before, or social engineering coupled with poor OS 
design.

Most spammers are NOT casual "script kiddies" working out of their dorm room 
just on a lark.  Hackers, maybe, are of that ilk.... but not spammers.  Spammers 
are generating REAL MONEY by their antisocial behavior, and are plenty ready to 
use any techniques they can to continue doing so.  It took concerted, ongoing 
court actions over many years to put Spamford Wallace out of the business.  

I still contend that Macs and *nix boxes are generally just as vulnerable, and 
are only "safer" because they're less numerous and thus less attractive targets 
for spammers and hackers to go after.

> While the Mac and Linux are not perfect, they do lack many of the 
fundamental design flaws that make Windows such a soft target.  

Microsoft has gotten the message, and their new systems are going to be 
substantially harder to break into.  We're just starting to see the results of 
those changes.

Regardless, the fact is that the ultimately secure system has never been created 
(despite billions of dollars spent by the military over several decades trying 
to do so) and if we ever DID create such a beast, it probably wouldn't be good 
for much of anything.

> Linux MUAs are largely incapable of creating an executable file on their own, 

Who or what says the MUA has to do it?

> ...and have to be deliberately coaxed into expanding a tarball in such a 
way.  Apple Mail isn't quite as mistrustful, but it's generally clear 
to a Mac user what is an executable and what isn't.

Mac and Apple are largely RESPONSIBLE for much of the problem.  They are the 
ones who created and pushed the idea of hiding file extensions and file types, 
and for dumb users to "just click on everything" [blindly!] to make it do 
something.

>>> A problem is that zombies can't merely be used as a relay, they can 
>> also be used to leech any stamp account the victim uses for their own 
>> e-mail.

>> Absolutely.  And that's why _all_ of these modified-DNS, SMTP-auth, 
> SPF,
> certificate, E-postage, and similar such systems are ALL simply 
> non-starters.
> NONE of them solve the problem, because zombie enlistment will enroll 
> legitimate
> (trusted, legitimate) systems to serve spammers.

> Then how do you propose to get rid of the zombies?  I thought we just 
agreed they were always going to be a problem.

One major move towards getting rid of them, as I've stated repeatedly, is to 
restrict (by default, at least) incoming attachments (by several classes of risk 
and danger) to only specified, recipient-approved senders.  That would (at a 
minimum) virtually eliminate E-mail attachments as a vector for spambot zombie 
worms, since the great majority of recipients probably wouldn't accept 
executable-type attachments from ANYBODY AT ALL.

> If the resource being leeched is controlled by a third party, however, 
it's easier to monitor and take action on suspicious behaviour.  

That's like saying that there ought to be somebody (FBI?) monitoring and 
pursuing stuff like Nigerian spam.  If there really were, then why in the hell 
does this crap keep going and going?  Why don't they round up these scum and put 
them all out of business?  There can't POSSIBLY be THAT many of them.  The fact 
seems to be that the third parties that are supposed to be protecting the public 
simply are NOT doing their job.

> This is why e-postage can be helpful - as I mentioned immediately 
afterwards, the compromised account will quickly run dry.

As has been repeatedly stated (and just as repeatedly ignored) there is NOTHING 
about E-postage and requiring money and payments that can't be achieved without 
money or payments entering into it.

For that matter, you could even GIVE away the "stamp" that the sender would need 
to use.  For instance, when you give someone your E-mail address (at your Web 
site, on your business card, whatever) simply tell them to "put 17XyZ in the 
subject line somewhere, otherwise your mail won't be delivered to me."  Everyone 
would present the key in a different way, complicating address (and key!) 
harvesters.  This could then be used in conjunction with a permissions whitelist 
such as I've proposed... you can whitelist people (mailing lists, for example) 
that don't need to include the passkey, but non-whitelisted senders (that still 
could be restricted against sending HTML-burdened mail or attachments of various 
kinds) might also have to have one of the recognized passkeys in the subject 
line somewhere.

>>> However, the compromised stamp account will quickly either become 
>> empty or run up a monstrous bill on the victim's credit card (the 
>> former situation is obviously preferable, and I'd hope that consumer 
>> stamp accounts were set up that way).

>> Either way, there's going to have to be a procedure (probably 
> involving per$onnel) to deal with that $ituation when it (frequently) 
> develop$.

> Of course.  Education is vital!  

That type of "education" is brutal and ineffective.  Ultimately, what happens 
when people run up (via worms etc) thousands of dollars of phone bills to 
Moldavian 900-number dialup accounts is that the phone companies end up getting 
stiffed, but not before they spend hundreds or thousands of dollars worth of 
time trying to deal with the mess.

> Perhaps, to save personnel costs, ISPs (especially those who are also stamp 
vendors) will start throwing in antivirus software, easy-to-use personal 
firewalls, and even (wow!) day classes for net-newbies.

And who do you believe will pay for all of that stuff?  Not the spammers, that's 
for sure.  And when are busy people going to make time to attend those classes? 
 Get real.

>> Taking the "Harry Hardass" approach ("well, that's just too frickin' 
> bad, maybe you'll learn next time to not let your system get 
> infected!") will end up eventually driving a lot of people offline 
> that *need* to be online.  This kind of thing will eventually become a 
> NIGHTMARE, and a costly one to boot.  I really don't see it as a 
> practical solution.

> ISPs that take that kind of attitude probably deserve to lose 
customers.  

As do the ones that simply pass on the high costs of these ill-conceived and 
ultimately ineffective "anti-spam" solutions...!

> The *right* approach is to offer advice on how to clean up 
and secure their machine, and how to avoid future infections.  

And maybe a Web site could help teach people that, but there are plenty of sites 
with that information available today and lots of people that just don't find 
it, or care enough to take it to heart.

Meanwhile, ISPs that ought to know better (such as AOL, with perhaps the highest 
ratio of "clueless newbies" of anyone) are among the WORST by virtue of 
promoting the pointless and gratuitous use of HTML-burdened E-mail!!!

> It's not really all that hard, and they could even print a leaflet about it 
with step-by-step instructions.

And who will pay for THAT?  Again, not the spammers.

>>> After that, the zombie can still spew mail all over the place, but it 
>> will be unstamped.  The empty account (or huge bill) also serves as a 
>> wake-up call to the victim, to get their machine cleaned and secured.

>> Fine, but again, meanwhile, you're going to have lots and lots of 
> spam.  And for every spambot zombie that you clean up, the spammer 
> will create two new ones.

> Unstamped spam isn't going to get into the inboxes of participating 
recipients - that's the whole point.  

There are more than enough stamps to go around, and plenty of infected zombies 
to "steal" stamps from.

> Once woken up, the victim might be one less person to get re-infected in the 
future, 

Nice thought, but....

> ...so perhaps the endless supply of zombies will get less plentiful in the 
future.  

In fact, experience demonstrates otherwise... people who get infected by worms 
and viruses tend to get infected over and over again.  And this isn't just about 
computing... consider folks in the hospital for life-threatening emphysema, who 
still insist that they have a 'right' to keep smoking.

> At the moment, there's little or no feedback to victims, so they don't 
learn anything.

It's not just a "learning" thing, they have to CARE.  And many, simply, do not.

>>> The interesting thing is that a stamp can also act as proof of where 
>> the mail was sent from, and/or who by, because there's a money trail 
>> (if nothing else) to follow, and each stamp is unique.

>> Again, I think this is one of those "it seems like a step in the right 
> direction" things, like SPF, that ultimately doesn't really answer the 
> spam problem in a meaningful way.

> ...but it's not actually a *bad* thing, is it?

Anything that increases costs and doesn't solve the problems it's claimed to 
solve (or at least comprise a major step in right direction, and without 
significant counterbalancing negatives) is "a *bad* thing", IMHO at least.

>> Forgery detection sounds fine, and I suppose that you could even just 
> build your
> OWN statistical table based on IP addresses that you've seen in the 
> headers of
> valid E-mails coming from whitelisted senders, but again that fails 
> dramatically
> when the "valid" non-forged sender gets infected and starts sending 
> spams with
> valid return addresses.

> But in that case, you know who's sending it, so you can block them 
temporarily and help them fix it.

Do YOU intend to go around cleaning up other people's messes?  *I* don't have 
the time for that, as a general rule.  I do it for my consulting clients, but 
then again THEY *pay* me for that.  :-)

>> I think that one can forego trying to detect forgeries, actually, as 
> long as you have a good way to detect spams based on their CONTENT.

> But we don't.  If we did, we'd be able to stop spam, NOW, just by 
slapping one of these perfect filters on the front of our inbox.  

You really haven't been paying attention, have you?

There are a number of familiar tricks and evasions that spammers use which 
frustrate and confound antispam content filters.  One of them is 'text as image' 
which would require OCR software or something (at least) to decipher the content 
of the mail message.  Another is obscuring the content by HTML tricks (bogus 
tags, scripted decryption, misrepresented links, font and color tricks, obscured 
non-canonical URLs, and so forth ad infinitum).  

Denying the spammer those tricks and evasions makes it VERY VERY MUCH EASIER for 
effective and practical antispam content filters to do their job.

But also let's recognize that when dealing with the question of antispam content 
filters, "good" might be quite adequate, even if they're not 100% "perfect".  It 
wouldn't really bother me TOO much if a spam or two got through my filter, say 
once a week or once or twice a month.  

And there are a number of apparently "good" antispam content-based filters out 
there.  They will be BETTER once the attachment/HTML issues are resolved.

> Here's some news:  we already do use content filters - everything from 
Bayes through distributed bulk detectors to phrase matching.  It helps, 
but it is absolutely nowhere near perfect.

Doesn't have to be perfect.  Most importantly, we need to be able to have 
techniques which evolve as spammers get more devious.  SpamAssassin is a good 
start, at least in terms of what it apparently does (I'd probably be less 
impressed about the language it's likely written in).

>> E-postage is cumbersome, costly, and very labor-intensive to deal with 
> the problems that would inevitably result from it.

> Some of the proposed schemes undoubtedly are.  Have you read the 
discussion I've been having with "der Mouse" over the past day or so?  

Sure.

> I think we've hashed out something a lot more scalable than most, 
though I won't pretend it's finished.  Many schemes and objections seem 
to assume, for example, that stamps have to be anonymous like e-coins - 
which makes them unreasonably hard to verify.

I simply think they're (still!) cumbersome and inconvenient, and don't really 
solve the problem.

> ...The gist of it is that while zombies can indeed be turned into hashcash 
factories, they will still be limited to a tiny fraction of what they'd normally 
be capable of if they were just limited by bandwidth.  

There are SO MANY zombies (and spammers can make about as many more as they 
want) that for all intents and purposes they have no genuine limits to EITHER 
computing power, OR bandwidth.

> So it improves the situation dramatically when compared to the status quo.

So what happens to companies (say, like Yahoogroups) that (legitimately) sends 
out probably billions of E-mail messages a day?

Sorry, I truly don't like ideas that make sending (legitimate!) E-mails 
significantly more expensive.  ULTIMATELY, we LEGITIMATE users have to pay the 
price for that... spammers won't pay it, that's for sure.

> And that's while keeping the bit count low enough to run on Aunt 
Tillie's prehistoric Mac IIcx.  If we forget about the IIcx and 
concentrate on Pentium-class customers, the rate limit gets even 
tighter.

Sorry, I don't like junk like that.  It's a lot like schemes that used to count 
on slower processors and which then fail when timing loops (say in device 
drivers) time out far faster than they were ever supposed to.

>> And likewise, "identified" systems can be taken over by zombies.  So 
> neither of these schemes work.  Period.

> If an identification is compromised, a few spams will get through to 
particular recipients who have it on their whitelist, but the 
recipients will know exactly who needs to be told about it, and can 
remove the appropriate whitelist entries until it gets fixed.  

You don't have to have stamps or authenticated IDs to achieve that.  All you 
need is a multilevel address scheme, or (barring that) even just the "free 
stamp" passcode thing in the subject line as I discussed earlier.  (A new header 
line would work just as well, if you didn't want to use the subject line for 
it.)

> Without the whitelist, the identification becomes moot, as the filter will 
fall back on other schemes.

We agree that whitelisting and filtering are key parts of the solution, anyhow.

>>> (At the moment, most recipients' barriers to entry are exceptionally 
>> low, even with today's content filters, because there's no practical, 
>> universal way to detect forged mail.)

>> Detecting "forged" mail, while arguably nice to know, only tells you 
> whether mail is (probably) forged.  It doesn't tell you EITHER that 
> the mail is, or that it is not, spam.

> Do I want forged mail in my inbox?  No, because whoever sent it can't 
be trusted to even say who he is.  End of discussion.

So let's say that we stop all forged or bogus from addresses.  BFD.  Spammers 
change (overnight) to use "real" return addresses.  There, are you happy now? 
(Really... THINK about the implications...)  Again, you've probably made the 
problem WORSE, rather than better.

>> [...] Likewise, they in general don't know who the intended recipient 
> might have whitelisted, so they don't know either which machines 
> they'd need to infect (or what From addresses they'd have to 
> counterfeit) in order to get their spam through to that specific 
> recipient.

> Stop.  Think.  How do mass-mailing worms usually find machines to 
infect?  They scan the latest victim's address book.  Then they send 
infected mail using every combination of addresses they can think of 
from that list.  Chances are good, a lot of these people know each 
other and maybe even trust each other to send attachments once in a 
while.  

That doesn't help unless (1) you know what TYPE of attachments the sender is 
approved to send to a given recipient, _and_ (2) sending that specific type of 
attachment can be used to the spambot's advantage.

> The same logic applies to spam.  Chances are, a lot of people in the 
address book will be in each others' whitelists.

Actually, probably not.  Most of my correspondents don't send me HTML-burdened 
E-mail, and fewer still send me attachments.  Almost none send me executable 
attachments!  Of those who DO send HTML-burdened E-mail (with my very begrudging 
approval), basically NONE of those use scripting or ActiveX in their E-mail 
messages.

It's very much mistaken to believe that you have to whitelist everyone you 
receive E-mail from.  You apparently don't really understand my proposal.

>> And the biggest problem confounding most antispam approaches, the 
> spambot zombie, is virtually eliminated as a threat (at least for 
> E-mail transmission) by my approach's default of not allowing 
> executable attachments from non-whitelisted (TO SEND EXECUTABLES!) 
> senders.  Again, note that typical users will normally not whitelist 
> ANYBODY AT ALL to send them executable attachments!

> Executable attachments are old news.  Every ISP with a clue already 
blocks them.  The new threat is ZIP archives!  Even better, they're 
polymorphic, password-encrypted ZIP archives that are hard to scan with 
antivirus programs!  

Antivirus programs are based on the premise that you know all the viruses, which 
presumption clearly fails for new viruses.  

> Tell me, how do these fit into your brilliant scheme?  

Very simple.  Since they're potentially carrying extremely dangerous cargo, AND 
since they're very rarely used for legitimate purposes, you either classify them 
like you do executable attachments, or you could create a special attachment 
class for encrypted archives.  Then you'd only receive such stuff from people 
(if any, probably there aren't any) that you had already arranged with and 
whitelisted to send you that type of stuff.

> Don't forget that these ZIP archives are often apparently 
coming from people the recipient trusts, and probably has in their 
whitelist...

You've completely ignored or misunderstood the nature of my whitelist, it seems. 
 Think of it as more than a binary "whitelist", rather more like a "permissions 
list".  Each whitelisted sender would have your approval to send you certain 
classes of mutually agreeable HTML and/or attachments, based upon your 
relationship with that sender.  By default, non-whitelisted senders could only 
send you plain ASCII text E-mails, without any HTML or attachments at all (and 
those would be subject to further limitations, say a maximum "unknown sender" 
size limit and (hopefully!) after having passed a good antispam content filter.

Think of it more like the type of permissions that an NTFS file system 
supports... some users can list the filenames in a directory but not access the 
files, maybe they can't list the filenames but CAN open them (only!) if they 
know the filename already, maybe they can write a file but not read it, maybe 
they can read or write a file but not delete or rename it, or whatever.

The fact that it's so much more fine-grained than a crude binary "whitelist" 
means that you can create a very narrow set of rights and permissions for the 
people you normally deal with, and most spammers or zombies won't understand or 
be able to figure out the rules, and therefore will have a lot of trouble not 
running afoul of them and having their spam output t-canned.

Does that make more sense now?

Gordon Peterson                  http://personal.terabites.com/
1977-2002  Twenty-fifth anniversary year of Local Area Networking!
Support free and fair US elections!  http://stickers.defend-democracy.org
12/19/98: Partisan Republicans scornfully ignore the voters they "represent".
12/09/00: the date the Republican Party took down democracy in America.



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From: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>
Organization: SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc.
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: Asrg] My take on e-postage
References: <B0000030482@nts1.terabites.com>
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gep2@terabites.com wrote:
>>Perhaps someone could write something to hook into procmail, and/or write a 
> BCP.
> 
> I guess I really need to find out more about BCP documents.  What does it take 
> to write them, is there a particular format they must adhere to, and where must 
> they be submitted for review/distribution/archiving/etc?
> 
> 

Since this is an IRTF group, BCPs produced by this group go through the 
IETF standards process which is described in RFC 2026 
(http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc2026.html). The process starts by writing 
up a draft as described here (http://www.ietf.org/ID.html). Approval is 
done by the IESG and finished documents are archived as RFCs at the RFC 
Editor's page.

Details of the BCP process are described in section 5 of RFC 2026. 
Reading the Tao of the IETF helps also (http://www.ietf.org/tao.html 
also published as RFC 3160).

If a given document is within the scope of the ASRG and documents the 
discussions in the group, or is a work of several group members, than 
the Internet draft that is produced can be published under the ASRG's 
name as draft-irtf-asrg-xxx. This requires approval from the chairs.

Yakov
-------
Yakov Shafranovich / asrg <at> shaftek.org
SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc. / research <at> solidmatrix.com
"Some lies are easier to believe than the truth" (Dune)
-------

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>> The nice thing about my approach... don't allow most users
> (i.e. those users without a GENUINE, AGREED NEED) to send you
> HTML-burdened mails (force the mail to plain ASCII text) and
> similarly don't allow most users (other than those you've negotiated
> with and approved in advance) to send you attachments (and open that
> window, guardedly, for only a few trusted senders and a few specific
> attachment types).

>> THEN, for the stuff that has gotten through (and where most of the
> tricks for obscuring content have been denied to the sender), you
> put it through a good content filter which will identify the stuff
> as spam if it looks like spam.

> There don't seem to be any such content filters that are good enough
now; 

No, largely because HTML and text-as-image (enabled by HTML!) create 
difficulties for content filters.  

> ...requiring them as part of your solution doesn't make your
solution any more viable.

They work TOGETHER.  Is that so hard to understand?

>> My scheme virtually eliminates spams and worms being sent
> successfully (to ME at least) in E-mails,

> "virtually"?  How do they ever get through?

Oh, theoretically, you MIGHT get an executable attachment from some worm which 
happens (against all odds) to forge (or infect!) an E-mail address that you've 
actually allowed to send you executable attachments.  I agree that it's very 
unlikely (and, if you don't allow ANY E-mail addresses to send you executable 
attachments... which will be true for most users... it's essentially 
impossible.)

>> Making that first filtering of the HTML junk happen also greatly
> increases the effectiveness of the content filtering of what's left,
> since there are very many fewer tricks left available to spammers
> and abusers for obscuring the true content of their unwanted
> messages.

> When it's necessary, they'll find more, just like they always have.

Perhaps, but that doesn't preclude the creation of corresponding new 
"permissions" required to send that type of stuff, if it's happening through 
E-mail.

The point is that you create a MUCH smaller (and much better defended!) target 
for spammers, that is VERY much harder to hit.

I'm not promising that spammers won't find some other way to annoy people, and 
that to some degree we're not still going to play on ongoing game of "whack a 
mole".   But at least my approach will make it a MUCH harder game for them to 
play, on several different levels, and will do so by a scheme that it's VERY 
difficult for them to force their way through from the outside.

Gordon Peterson                  http://personal.terabites.com/
1977-2002  Twenty-fifth anniversary year of Local Area Networking!
Support free and fair US elections!  http://stickers.defend-democracy.org
12/19/98: Partisan Republicans scornfully ignore the voters they "represent".
12/09/00: the date the Republican Party took down democracy in America.



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>> But the recipient Y will be able to tell if he's seen the same stamp 
twice.  That's trivial to deal with, especially since most modern MUAs 
(well, Eudora and Apple Mail, anyway) index their mail archive already 
by default.

> As for verifying crypto signatures, the public key from the vendor is 
needed for that, since the vendor issued the stamp.  This is, broadly 
speaking, a one-time operation, which happens after the sender vendor's 
trustworthiness has been looked up.  It's also an operation that could 
potentially be offloaded on the recipient's vendor, since the recipient 
is probably going to send the stamp there for reimbursement anyway.

This really is amusing in a pitiful sort of way.

Other than STILL trying to create the world's biggest micropayments system 
(which really IS a solution in search of a problem, it seems...) what the hell 
is the point of worrying about all this?

Who needs encryption, who needs single-use detection?

My idea where recipients can hand out an assortment of "stamp tokens" for free 
along with their E-mail address would handle the same issues pretty well.  The 
person sending would need to include at least one recognized "stamp token" 
either in the Subject line or perhaps in an extra header line somehow.  The 
recipient could have an arbitrary number of "stamp tokens" outstanding and could 
revoke any or all of them any time they wished.  Using nonstandard mechanisms 
for relating the stamp token required with the E-mail address (and how to 
present the stamp token) would pretty well invalidate E-mail address harvesters. 
The recipients' E-mail system could provide a database function to help identify 
past legitimate mailers who had used the compromised stamp token, to alert them 
to the changed token.

I don't really care in general for the idea of "stamps" but if you're all going 
to fixate like this on the E-postage concept, then you might as well at least 
look at other ways to make it harder to send out megatons of E-mail 
indiscriminately.

Gordon Peterson                  http://personal.terabites.com/
1977-2002  Twenty-fifth anniversary year of Local Area Networking!
Support free and fair US elections!  http://stickers.defend-democracy.org
12/19/98: Partisan Republicans scornfully ignore the voters they "represent".
12/09/00: the date the Republican Party took down democracy in America.



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From: Daniel Feenberg <feenberg@nber.org>
To: Chris Lewis <clewis@nortelnetworks.com>
cc: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] hashcash, was My take on e-postage
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On Mon, 26 Apr 2004, Chris Lewis wrote:

> John Levine wrote:
> 
> 
> 80% of spam detected by this method (it's catching approximately 65-70% 
> of all of our spam) is coming from detections less than 4 days old.  90% 
> < 6 days old.  95% < 12 days old.
> 

Can you tell us the number of hosts in each category? And how long hosts
remain infected? That would give us an idea of the gross flows into and
out of infected status.

If spam is proportionate to hosts, then the above figures suggest that 75%
of hosts are corrected within 4-6 days. My reasoning is that only 10x more
hosts are in the 6 day window than in the 4 day window. So if there are
80x infected hosts in 4 days, that is 20x hosts/day. But in 6 days there
are only 90x total infected hosts, or 5x hosts/day for the 2 additional
days rather than the expected (steady state) 20x hosts. That suggests that
15x hosts were cleaned up. This would be clear if we knew the number of
hosts, so that I didn't need the mystery factor x =spams/(hosts*100)

Daniel Feenberg



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Subject: Re: [Asrg] hashcash, was My take on e-postage
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Daniel Feenberg wrote:

> 
> On Mon, 26 Apr 2004, Chris Lewis wrote:
> 
> 
>>John Levine wrote:
>>
>>
>>80% of spam detected by this method (it's catching approximately 65-70% 
>>of all of our spam) is coming from detections less than 4 days old.  90% 
>>< 6 days old.  95% < 12 days old.
>>
> 
> 
> Can you tell us the number of hosts in each category? And how long hosts
> remain infected? That would give us an idea of the gross flows into and
> out of infected status.

Here's a table:

Age (days)   IP Count/cum%  Hit Count/cum%
          0      67974/ 5.0     174862/25.4
          1      65816/ 9.8     184589/52.1
          2      54233/13.8     118338/69.3
          3      48207/17.4      50991/76.7
          4      38517/20.2      45567/83.3
          5      42021/23.3      42143/89.4
          6      55652/27.4      26002/93.2
          7      57634/31.6       3889/93.7
          8      50108/35.3       2445/94.1
          9      45304/38.6       1551/94.3
         10      54740/42.6       3264/94.8
         11      60550/47.1       3612/95.3
         12      43338/50.3       2883/95.7
         13      42773/53.4       7164/96.8
         14      47288/56.9        942/96.9
         15      44260/60.1        524/97.0
         16      48189/63.7       1087/97.1
         17      43812/66.9       1147/97.3
         18      39178/69.8        864/97.4
         19      39474/72.7        611/97.5
         20      38916/75.5       1320/97.7
         21      40344/78.5        894/97.8
         22      37221/81.2       3122/98.3
         23      28497/83.3        907/98.4
         24      32483/85.7       1000/98.6
         25      38186/88.5       4719/99.3
         26      42249/91.6       1393/99.5
         27      41198/94.7       1816/99.7
         28      39267/97.6       1487/99.9
         29      33023/100.0       396/100.0
         30        261/100.0         0/100.0
     Totals    1360713/ 100     689529/ 100

We expire after 30 days.

> If spam is proportionate to hosts, then the above figures suggest that 75%
> of hosts are corrected within 4-6 days.

It isn't proportionate to hosts.

> My reasoning is that only 10x more
> hosts are in the 6 day window than in the 4 day window. So if there are
> 80x infected hosts in 4 days, that is 20x hosts/day. But in 6 days there
> are only 90x total infected hosts, or 5x hosts/day for the 2 additional
> days rather than the expected (steady state) 20x hosts. That suggests that
> 15x hosts were cleaned up. This would be clear if we knew the number of
> hosts, so that I didn't need the mystery factor x =spams/(hosts*100)

I think you'll find that the rapid dropoff isn't necessarily due to 
system cleanups, but rather to spammers using the newest ones possible 
to avoid blacklisting.

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From: Philip Miller <millenix@zemos.net>
Reply-To: ASRG - Filtering Subgroup <filtering@asrg.sp.am>
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Sorry to divert you all from the critical debate over E-Postage. ;-)

I'm posting updated versions of my Filtering Header draft at 
<http://millenix.zemos.net/asrg-filtering/>. If anyone with any interest in 
the operation of email filters could take a look at it and post comments 
and/or suggestions here, I'd appreciate it.

New versions are online pretty much as soon as I make the changes.

Thanks.

Regards,
Philip Miller

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On April 25, 2004 at 22:18 chromi@chromatix.demon.co.uk (Jonathan Morton) wrote:
 > By contrast, the transportation costs of e-mail are practically nil.  

 No they're not.

  Yes they are.

 No they're not.

  Yes they are.

 No they're not...

  Yes they are.

I can see we are now in a context-free loop.

As founder and CEO of an ISP for these past ~15 years I actually
provide e-mail systems to the general public and do the budgets etc so
have some actual, current, knowledge about the costs.

And you...?

 > Spammers happily paid for phat pipes to send mail through, before 
 > widespread blacklisting forced them into using zombies.  The cost is, 
 > and has always been, the recipient's time spent in sifting through the 
 > mess.  (I count the recipient's ISP in this as well.)


Spammers use zombies for two major reasons:

1. IP mobility - to avoid blacklisting as you say.

2. Free resources - the economics of spamming is such that they must
steal resources, they could never pay for what they consume, their
service just isn't valuable enough which is why it tends to revolve
around cheesy come-ons for mostly phony penis enlargement pills and
similar.

Point 2 is in direct contradiction to what you asserted, that they
"happily paid for phat pipes", can you tell me what you base that
assertion on?

The important point is that what spammers sell is CRIME.

They don't sell advertising, any more than a guy who sells stolen
watches out of the back of his car is selling watches.

You might end up with a watch, but the value of his service is CRIME,
being able to offer you one cheaper than one might reasonably expect
because it's stolen, his costs are nearly zero.

The same can be said of spammers.

They employ zombies and open relays etc because that is the crime they
are selling.

If the spammer had to provide the service legally he'd have to charge
many times what he charges, probably some astronomical sum to slam
100M mailboxes w/ a penis enlargement ad, just for a comparison paper
email to 100M in the US would cost around $2M in postage alone.

I'll wildly guess that for a legitimate advertiser $100,000 would be a
very reasonable charge for sending email to 100M mailboxes, assuming
such a thing existed. That's around 1/10th cent per piece.

What do you imagine a spammer charges to send 100M pieces? $100?
Probably around that.

Now, tell me what your brain says to you when someone offers you a
brand new Rolex in the box for $100? Howsabout $10? Howsabout 10c?

Anyhow, just like the watch, the customer might ultimately get some
advertising (and that watch *might* be a rolex for $100), but the
actual service is crime.

Just like you could steal a watch for yourself, you could spam for
yourself, but there is a certain wisdom in paying a criminal to do it
for you.

Thus, all spammers are criminals.

                          Quod Erat Demonstrandum.

-- 
        -Barry Shein

Software Tool & Die    | bzs@TheWorld.com           | http://www.TheWorld.com
Purveyors to the Trade | Voice: 617-739-0202        | Login: 617-739-WRLD
The World              | Public Access Internet     | Since 1989     *oo*

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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: Answering a lot of questions about e-postage in a
 few   sentences
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On April 25, 2004 at 17:45 mouse@Rodents.Montreal.QC.CA (der Mouse) wrote:
 > > Electricity too cheap to meter!
 > 
 > > GE used to use that slogan, in the 1960's, to sell the idea of
 > > nuclear power plants.
 > 
 > > It's always suspect, tho not a priori false, and certainly suspect
 > > here, for the very reason we're here; it becomes abused.
 > 
 > I know someone who has phone service with, effectively, a
 > continent-wide local calling area.  (That is, one flat fee per month
 > (USD 40.00 is what I recall) covers all calls within North America.)
 > 
 > I gather it's new and thus relatively experimental, but people don't do
 > such things unless they have reason to think they will succeed
 > commercially.

Where, in this particular case, success may be measured in gaining
enough market-share by driving your competition into bankruptcy that
you can then charge whatever you like.

Ask them for a 10 year or 25 year guarantee on flat-rate service, even
w/o any pricing guarantee and tell us how they answer.

Well, ok, unfair question because you'd never get an answer for other
reasons of course.

But I think you get my point: This very new pricing regimen from long
distance carriers may not be indicative of anything other than a
frothy marketplace.

-- 
        -Barry Shein

Software Tool & Die    | bzs@TheWorld.com           | http://www.TheWorld.com
Purveyors to the Trade | Voice: 617-739-0202        | Login: 617-739-WRLD
The World              | Public Access Internet     | Since 1989     *oo*

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>> By contrast, the transportation costs of e-mail are practically nil.
>
> I can see we are now in a context-free loop.
>
> As founder and CEO of an ISP for these past ~15 years I actually
> provide e-mail systems to the general public and do the budgets etc so
> have some actual, current, knowledge about the costs.
>
> And you...?

I have a calculator and a rough idea of what a T1 line costs, plus I'm 
making some assumptions which are probably valid in the US and many 
other Western countries.

As an ISP, you're part of the recipient's end of the system, not the 
transport part.  If you were a backbone, your experience on transport 
costs would be more useful for this particular argument.

>> Spammers happily paid for phat pipes to send mail through, before
>> widespread blacklisting forced them into using zombies.  The cost is,
>> and has always been, the recipient's time spent in sifting through the
>> mess.  (I count the recipient's ISP in this as well.)
>
> Spammers use zombies for two major reasons:
>
> 1. IP mobility - to avoid blacklisting as you say.
>
> 2. Free resources - the economics of spamming is such that they must
> steal resources, they could never pay for what they consume, their
> service just isn't valuable enough which is why it tends to revolve
> around cheesy come-ons for mostly phony penis enlargement pills and
> similar.
>
> Point 2 is in direct contradiction to what you asserted, that they
> "happily paid for phat pipes", can you tell me what you base that
> assertion on?

I've read a couple of media interviews with spammers, back when they 
still did use their own T1 lines and servers.  The journalist could see 
all the equipment stacked up and working away.

> I'll wildly guess that for a legitimate advertiser $100,000 would be a
> very reasonable charge for sending email to 100M mailboxes, assuming
> such a thing existed. That's around 1/10th cent per piece.
>
> What do you imagine a spammer charges to send 100M pieces? $100?
> Probably around that.

Given that spammers typically work from an illegally collected list of 
addresses, that's actually quite a reasonable price.  If each spam is 
5K, 100M of them can be sent over a T1 in about an hour or two, 
ignoring bounces and retries, and assuming he's got a fast enough 
server.  He only needs four or five $100 jobs a month to break even on 
the T1 rental.  Ten, and he can live comfortably off the proceeds.

So clearly the bandwidth cost of e-mail is negligible, somewhere around 
the microcent level.  The costs to the recipient - and his ISP - are 
not.  That was my entire point.

The reason why the legit advertiser could charge so much per impression 
is that their address list must be collected and maintained far more 
carefully.  They might also get a better response rate, because they 
can target the appropriate markets and avoid causing offence.

--------------------------------------------------------------
from:     Jonathan "Chromatix" Morton
mail:     chromi@chromatix.demon.co.uk
website:  http://www.chromatix.uklinux.net/
tagline:  The key to knowledge is not to rely on people to teach you it.


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From: Jonathan Morton <chromi@chromatix.demon.co.uk>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: Asrg] My take on e-postage
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>> Only a few ISPs - the most savvy and network-oriented (as opposed to 
>> revenue-oriented) - seem to have any mechanism to detect and deal 
>> with zombies.
>
> It's very hard to deal with in any definitive way.  How do you 
> distinguish
> whether outgoing mail from a normally-reputable system is really still
> legitimate?

You pick up the phone, and have a brief word with your customer.  If he 
hasn't any idea why his box is spewing a thousand mails a minute, you 
have an opportunity to deal with the problem, starting with blocking 
his outgoing SMTP.  If he *does* know about it, then it's his 
responsibility.

This isn't just hyperbole.  This is roughly how my present ISP, Demon, 
says it handles excessive SMTP output.  This is also how one of my 
previous ISPs alerted me to an inadvertent misconfiguration of my 
website, which was causing a type of DDoS on their webserver via a 
stack of poorly run Squid proxies.

--------------------------------------------------------------
from:     Jonathan "Chromatix" Morton
mail:     chromi@chromatix.demon.co.uk
website:  http://www.chromatix.uklinux.net/
tagline:  The key to knowledge is not to rely on people to teach you it.


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From: GertJan Hagenaars <asrg@hagenaars.com>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] My take on e-postage
Message-ID: <20040426220323.GA1103@hagenaars.com>
References: <8014E072-9685-11D8-A46E-000393863768@chromatix.demon.co.uk> <200404251913.PAA01767@Sparkle.Rodents.Montreal.QC.CA> <170754AC-96FD-11D8-A46E-000393863768@chromatix.demon.co.uk> <200404252143.RAA02636@Sparkle.Rodents.Montreal.QC.CA> <5B85241C-9714-11D8-A46E-000393863768@chromatix.demon.co.uk> <200404260030.UAA03203@Sparkle.Rodents.Montreal.QC.CA>
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Apparently, der Mouse wrote:
% >> It's a lot more than that that the stamp vendor needs to keep track
% >> of.  The first thing that comes to mind is that recipients need a
% >> way to check that a stamp hasn't already been used
% > Not necessary, if the stamp cryptographically includes both the
% > sender and recipient addresses.
% 
% Then the recipient needs a way to check the crypto signature - and even
% then, you have to figure out a way that stamps can't get reused with
% forged sender addresses.  (That is, X sends mail to Y, with a valid
% stamp <X,Y>.  Spammer gets hold of a copy (through any of many possible
% means) and sends mail with that stamp, to Y, forging X's address as the
% sender.)

Keep a cache of "seen stamps" for 10 days, refuse delivery of duplicate
stamps, and make sure that stamps expire after a week or so.

I do that now with message-IDs to remove duplicate messages to my inbox.

However, the real trick is that it becomes much harder to scale this
even if stamps are readily available.  Instead of just using a single
"to", now the spammer needs to keep track of both "from" and "to".  And
because of this, it becomes much easier to filter out specific spam.

E.g. if I intend to receive email from you, I would have a specific
filter that says that I will need to see a received line with
sparkle.rodents in it.  Or that I need to see the phrase "Ribbon
Campaign" in the body of the email.

Now we're getting into the area where it is no longer possible for a
spammer to break into this scheme without a lot more knowledge of how my
filters are set up.

<pre>
% /~\ The ASCII				der Mouse
% \ / Ribbon Campaign
%  X  Against HTML	       mouse@rodents.montreal.qc.ca
% / \ Email!	     7D C8 61 52 5D E7 2D 39  4E F1 31 3E E8 B3 27 4B
</pre>

CHeers,
GertJan.

-- 
+++++++++++++ -------- +++++ --- ++ - +0+ + ++ +++ +++++ ++++++++ +++++++++++++
sed '/^[when][coders]/!d         G.J.W. Hagenaars -- gj at hagenaars dot com
    /^...[discover].$/d          Remembering Mike Carty 1968-1994
   /^..[real].[code]$/!d         UltrixIrixAIXHPUXSunOSLinuxBSD, nothing but nix
' /usr/dict/words                I'm Dutch, what's _your_ excuse?

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From: Jonathan Morton <chromi@chromatix.demon.co.uk>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] hashcash, was My take on e-postage
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>>> 80% of spam detected by this method (it's catching approximately 
>>> 65-70% of all of our spam) is coming from detections less than 4 
>>> days old.  90% < 6 days old.  95% < 12 days old.
>>
>> Can you tell us the number of hosts in each category? And how long 
>> hosts
>> remain infected? That would give us an idea of the gross flows into 
>> and
>> out of infected status.
>
> Here's a table:
>
> Age (days)   IP Count/cum%  Hit Count/cum%
>          0      67974/ 5.0     174862/25.4
>          1      65816/ 9.8     184589/52.1
>          2      54233/13.8     118338/69.3
>          3      48207/17.4      50991/76.7
>          4      38517/20.2      45567/83.3

<snip>

>         24      32483/85.7       1000/98.6
>         25      38186/88.5       4719/99.3
>         26      42249/91.6       1393/99.5
>         27      41198/94.7       1816/99.7
>         28      39267/97.6       1487/99.9
>         29      33023/100.0       396/100.0
>         30        261/100.0         0/100.0
>     Totals    1360713/ 100     689529/ 100
>
> We expire after 30 days.

I don't get it.  Why is the hit count for some days so much lower than 
the host count?

Anyway, assuming your figures are correct, that indicates that 2/3rds 
of the hosts are rolling around to the beginning of the list again, 
because they're being detected as new immediately after being expired.  
That in turn seems to suggest 25k new zombies per day, rather than 70k. 
  The total zombie pool is probably a more reliable figure, which I'll 
round up to 1500k.

Assuming they're maximally used for sending spam for about 4 days on 
average, that's a sending pool of about 100k machines.  If each has an 
average 128Kbit DSL uplink, that's equivalent to about 8000 T1s, each 
at 30k spams per second, totalling 240M spams per second.  Rather a lot 
of bandwidth to draw upon, isn't it?

Now let's assume that hashcash is widely deployed, but that the 
spammers have now set up a reasonably efficient P2P network between the 
zombies, allowing even the blacklisted ones to generate stamps for the 
others.  Most zombies won't be screaming top-of-the-line boxes, rather 
there'll be a lot of 1-CPU Celerons and the like, so say 4 seconds per 
20-bit collision on average.

With 1.5M of them churning away, that's 375k spams a second - a massive 
3 orders of magnitude reduction compared to 240M, even if it is still 
enough to saturate 12 T1s.

So, OK, this is definitely going to turn off the non-hardcore spammers. 
  Those that are left will be the ones to send the law after.  Theft of 
service and computer intrusion on this kind of scale is a crime, no 
matter whether the actual spam is.

--------------------------------------------------------------
from:     Jonathan "Chromatix" Morton
mail:     chromi@chromatix.demon.co.uk
website:  http://www.chromatix.uklinux.net/
tagline:  The key to knowledge is not to rely on people to teach you it.


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To: Jonathan Morton <chromi@chromatix.demon.co.uk>
CC: Chris Lewis <clewis@nortelnetworks.com>, asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] hashcash, was My take on e-postage
References: <Pine.GSO.4.10.10404261400470.12629-100000@nber1.nber.org> <408D55EA.4000008@americasm01.nt.com> <3EB63686-97D7-11D8-A46E-000393863768@chromatix.demon.co.uk>
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Jonathan Morton wrote:
> With 1.5M of them churning away, that's 375k spams a second - a massive 
> 3 orders of magnitude reduction compared to 240M, even if it is still 
> enough to saturate 12 T1s.
> 
> So, OK, this is definitely going to turn off the non-hardcore spammers. 
>  Those that are left will be the ones to send the law after.  Theft of 
> service and computer intrusion on this kind of scale is a crime, no 
> matter whether the actual spam is.

What you also have to factor here is how much money will be saved in 
order to produce this reduction versus the costs required to convert 
everybody to hashcash.

Yakov
-------
Yakov Shafranovich / asrg <at> shaftek.org
SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc. / research <at> solidmatrix.com
"And this too shall come to pass"
-------

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From: Daniel Feenberg <feenberg@nber.org>
To: Chris Lewis <clewis@nortelnetworks.com>
cc: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] hashcash, was My take on e-postage
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On Mon, 26 Apr 2004, Chris Lewis wrote:

> Daniel Feenberg wrote:
> 
> > 
> > On Mon, 26 Apr 2004, Chris Lewis wrote:
> > 
> > 
> >>John Levine wrote:
> >>
> >>
> >>80% of spam detected by this method (it's catching approximately 65-70% 
> >>of all of our spam) is coming from detections less than 4 days old.  90% 
> >>< 6 days old.  95% < 12 days old.
> >>
> > 
> > 
> > Can you tell us the number of hosts in each category? And how long hosts
> > remain infected? That would give us an idea of the gross flows into and
> > out of infected status.
> 
> Here's a table:
> 
> Age (days)   IP Count/cum%  Hit Count/cum%
>           0      67974/ 5.0     174862/25.4
>           1      65816/ 9.8     184589/52.1
>           2      54233/13.8     118338/69.3
>           3      48207/17.4      50991/76.7
>           4      38517/20.2      45567/83.3
>           5      42021/23.3      42143/89.4
>           6      55652/27.4      26002/93.2
>           7      57634/31.6       3889/93.7
>           8      50108/35.3       2445/94.1
>           9      45304/38.6       1551/94.3
>          10      54740/42.6       3264/94.8
>          11      60550/47.1       3612/95.3
>          12      43338/50.3       2883/95.7
>          13      42773/53.4       7164/96.8
>          14      47288/56.9        942/96.9
>          15      44260/60.1        524/97.0
>          16      48189/63.7       1087/97.1
>          17      43812/66.9       1147/97.3
>          18      39178/69.8        864/97.4
>          19      39474/72.7        611/97.5
>          20      38916/75.5       1320/97.7
>          21      40344/78.5        894/97.8
>          22      37221/81.2       3122/98.3
>          23      28497/83.3        907/98.4
>          24      32483/85.7       1000/98.6
>          25      38186/88.5       4719/99.3
>          26      42249/91.6       1393/99.5
>          27      41198/94.7       1816/99.7
>          28      39267/97.6       1487/99.9
>          29      33023/100.0       396/100.0
>          30        261/100.0         0/100.0
>      Totals    1360713/ 100     689529/ 100
> 
> We expire after 30 days.
> 
> > If spam is proportionate to hosts, then the above figures suggest that 75%
> > of hosts are corrected within 4-6 days.
> 
> It isn't proportionate to hosts.
> 

Comparing IP addresses only, it looks like that dropoff from day zero to
day 9 (10 days) is about 1% per day. That is, 5% of hosts in one day, but
38.6% in 10 days.  1% cure rate per day is much more in accord with my
expectations, but still better than never, which is what I feared.

Daniel Feenberg



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To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] My take on e-postage
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>> By contrast, the transportation costs of e-mail are practically nil.
> [(No they're not.\nYes they are.\n)*]

> As founder and CEO of an ISP for these past ~15 years I actually
> provide e-mail systems to the general public and do the budgets etc
> so have some actual, current, knowledge about the costs.

So, don't be coy, tell us: what _does_ it cost to transport an email -
let's be generous and say a hundred-kilobyte email - from point A to
point B?

I'm paying CAD 30/month for any amount of data transfer up to something
like 4GB.  Of course, that pays for many other things too (like the use
of endpoint equipment), but let's assume that is purely my share of the
transport of up to 4GB of data.

At that rate, transporting that hundred kilobytes costs a smidgen under
CAD=A00.0007153 - less than three-quarters of a tenth of a cent.  A more
reasonable ten-kilobyte email - this one is maybe 3.5K before addition
of all the Received: goop - would cost about a tenth that, or some
seven millicents.

Compared to all the other costs, notably the human costs, and
especially considering that that's a gross overestimate because my
$30/mo is paying for a number of things other than pure data transport,
I think it's fair to call this "practically nil".

> Spammers use zombies for two major reasons:

> 1. IP mobility - to avoid blacklisting as you say.

> 2. Free resources - [...]

What reason do you have to think you know why spammers use zombies?

> Point 2 is in direct contradiction to what you asserted, that they
> "happily paid for phat pipes", can you tell me what you base that
> assertion on?

A number of past spamhauser _did_ pay for fairly fat pipes - or at
least I've seen it reported thus, and not contradicted; I've not
personally seen invoices or any such.  Any spamhaus that does this,
though, will rapidly find their IP space blocked (and, depending their
upstream, sometimes yanked); I've always assumed that this is the major
motivation behind spammer use of zombie armies.  Indeed, the whole
basis for differential routing abuse is "fat pipe out, thin pipe in".

> Thus, all spammers are criminals.

>                           Quod Erat Demonstrandum.

You have not demonstrated this.  For all your pretty arguments, and for
all that I agree with most of them, you have not shown any point of
criminal law that they are violating.  (I suspect there are such, but
your arguments haven't shown so.)

/~\ The ASCII				der Mouse
\ / Ribbon Campaign
 X  Against HTML	       mouse@rodents.montreal.qc.ca
/ \ Email!	     7D C8 61 52 5D E7 2D 39  4E F1 31 3E E8 B3 27 4B

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>>3. The mailing list should not focus on implementing its own 
Micropayment 
>>architecture, but rather:
>>
>>(a) Determine whether a working micropayment architecture would 
represent 
>>a feasible solution to SPAM
>>(b) Determine whether an E-Postage system would create a unique set of 
>>requirements for a working micropayments architecture.
>>(c) Attempt to ballpark a set of parameters that describe the boundary 
>>conditions necessary to make an E-Postage system feasible. ...

> ... which remains entirely hypothetical since nobody has any idea how
>to build a micropayment system within a couple of orders of magnitude
>of what you'd need for any plausible e-mail system.  The unique
>requirement is be that the vast majority of attempted transactions
>would be bogus which rules out a lot of statistical approaches, but
>it's the scale that's the killer.

Not sure whether I necessarily buy into this assertion:

One size does not fit all, and an anti-SPAM solution that is appropriate 
for one set of mail exchanges will not necessarily be applied to all mail 
exchanges.

When I think about email, I differentiate between two different types of 
transactions:

One set of exchanges occurs went I communicate with a relatively small 
group of individuals with whom I have some sort of trust relationship:

This includes:

(a) The people that I work with
(b) My friends
(c) My family

These transactions encompass the vast majority of the emails that I send 
and receive.
Equally significant, they don't require any type of E-Postage or 
Micropayments.
Instead, some combination of whie listing and digital signatures 
represents a very efficient solution to this type of communications.

However, there is a second set of email exchages that I need to consider. 
On occasion, I receive emails from "random" individuals with whom I don't 
have any kind of pre-existing trust relationship.
While these exchanges are relatively infrequent, they often contain 
important information.

Here, we require some form of additional solution that can be used to 
screen the wheat from the chaff.
There are a wide variety of technical solutions that have been proposed 
including:

(a) Challenge Response
(b) Micro-Payments
(c) Intelligent Filters.

Personally, I think that the Micro-Payment systems offer the best 
approach.
This is technology that is going to be adopted / deployed anyway and I'd 
just as soon piggyback off it.

Your arguments that the system would collapse under transaction volume 
seem to assume that all emails would need to E-Postage rather than a 
selective subset.



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X-Sybari-Space: 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] hashcash, was My take on e-postage
References: <Pine.GSO.4.10.10404261400470.12629-100000@nber1.nber.org> <408D55EA.4000008@americasm01.nt.com> <3EB63686-97D7-11D8-A46E-000393863768@chromatix.demon.co.uk>
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Jonathan Morton wrote:


>> Here's a table:
>>
>> Age (days)   IP Count/cum%  Hit Count/cum%
>>          0      67974/ 5.0     174862/25.4
>>          1      65816/ 9.8     184589/52.1
>>          2      54233/13.8     118338/69.3
>>          3      48207/17.4      50991/76.7
>>          4      38517/20.2      45567/83.3

> I don't get it.  Why is the hit count for some days so much lower than 
> the host count?

The detector is running on a multitude of dmoains with vastly higher 
flows in total, whereas the hit count above is on our own production 
mail service.

> Anyway, assuming your figures are correct, that indicates that 2/3rds of 
> the hosts are rolling around to the beginning of the list again, because 
> they're being detected as new immediately after being expired.  That in 
> turn seems to suggest 25k new zombies per day, rather than 70k.

Not quite - there's some information you're missing.  Minimum 
redetection interval is 48 hours, yet this is on last detection.  On the 
other hand, the numbers for previous days isn't going down by much. 
That first number (70K) is continuously rising.  A month or two ago it 
was around 15-20K, a few months before that, it was 5kish.  The 
redetection interval hasn't changed.

> The 
> total zombie pool is probably a more reliable figure, which I'll round 
> up to 1500k.

Dynamic IP detections (this thing makes no distinction) would tend to 
push it back down.

When the expiration interval was four months, the total was around 
2200K. The reduction of 4mos -> 1mos resulted in an immediate 
2200K->1000k reduction, but only lost 3% of the detections.


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>One set of exchanges occurs went I communicate with a relatively small 
>group of individuals with whom I have some sort of trust relationship: ...

Yup.  Since spammers will try to sneak in there, you need some sort of
hard to break authentication to identify their mail.  Maybe something
like domain keys will do the trick.  S/MIME sure hasn't.  Any
suggestions?

>However, there is a second set of email exchages that I need to consider. 
>On occasion, I receive emails from "random" individuals with whom I don't 
>have any kind of pre-existing trust relationship.
>While these exchanges are relatively infrequent, they often contain 
>important information.

Agreed.  How much do you expect people to be willing to pay you in
order or how many hoops will they be willing to jump through in order
to send you important information?

>Personally, I think that the Micro-Payment systems offer the best
>approach.  This is technology that is going to be adopted / deployed
>anyway and I'd just as soon piggyback off it.

I eagerly await your discussion of how you expect people to build a
micropayment system that will handle a useful amount of mail (a good
beta size would be five billion messages a day), run at a cost that
people would be willing to pay (closer to a penny a message than to a
dollar a message), and won't be subverted by spammers using fake
postage, used postage, hijacked machines, and a dozen other scams we
haven't thought of yet.

Regards,
John Levine, johnl@taugh.com, Taughannock Networks, Trumansburg NY
http://www.taugh.com

PS: This discussion reminds me of people saying that current
automobiles are unsatisfactory because the fuel is dirty and
expensive, therefore future cars will run on water.  Water is
plentiful and ecologically benign.  I don't have any idea how a
water-powered car would work and neither does anyone else, but I think
that cars will run on water anyway.

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Date: Tue, 27 Apr 2004 09:46:41 -0700
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> >One set of exchanges occurs went I communicate with a 
> relatively small 
> >group of individuals with whom I have some sort of trust 
> relationship: ...
> 
> Yup.  Since spammers will try to sneak in there, you need some sort of
> hard to break authentication to identify their mail.  Maybe something
> like domain keys will do the trick.  S/MIME sure hasn't.  Any
> suggestions?

The problem with S/MIME is the distribution of keys.
The problem with anything other than S/MIME is that the mail infrastructure
is hostile to any format other than S/MIME.

Solution is to fix S/MIME IMNSHO. Possibly by adding DK functionality,
possibly by adding XKMS functionality.


> Agreed.  How much do you expect people to be willing to pay you in
> order or how many hoops will they be willing to jump through in order
> to send you important information?

People will pay zilch for sending email. Enterprises will consider a
one off or annual fee for some form of accreditation if it will 
significantly reduce cost of negotiating email interchange agreements
currently necessary due to blacklist idiocy. BTW the whole of Spain
is currently blacklisted.

> PS: This discussion reminds me of people saying that current
> automobiles are unsatisfactory because the fuel is dirty and
> expensive, therefore future cars will run on water.  Water is
> plentiful and ecologically benign.  I don't have any idea how a
> water-powered car would work and neither does anyone else, but I think
> that cars will run on water anyway.

Yep.

The problem I see here is that there is no value to adding postage 
until large numbers check, and no point checking until large numbers
pay. Any I see plenty of people who don't want to change that
situation. 

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On 27/04/04 09:46 -0700, Hallam-Baker, Phillip wrote:
<snip>
> currently necessary due to blacklist idiocy. BTW the whole of Spain
> is currently blacklisted.
No. Only Telefonica, and that by a single DNSBL. Only the users of that
DNSBL will block Telefonica hosts.
On the other hand, outside the US, bandwidth is much more expensive and
any form of filtering that during or after the data phase is more
expensive than JHD. Could we please keep this fact in mind when
discussing solutions?

Devdas Bhagat

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> On the other hand, outside the US, bandwidth is much more 
> expensive and
> any form of filtering that during or after the data phase is more
> expensive than JHD. Could we please keep this fact in mind when
> discussing solutions?

I don't think it is relevant for two reasons:

1) Bandwidth costs are dropping pretty much everywhere. 

2) Deterrence is a viable strategy.

In the long term it does not matter if you filter before or after the
message is received, provided you block a sufficient proportion of spam
to make the business uneconomic.

		Phill

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>
>So, don't be coy, tell us: what _does_ it cost to transport an email -
>let's be generous and say a hundred-kilobyte email - from point A to
>point B?

Why would you only want to include transportation/bandwidth costs?

This reminds me of people who'd call us and demand that a web site
should only cost what the disk space it takes up costs, pennies, paid
once.

Granted I'd separate, e.g., human costs.

But one reason for that is because we'll see something like 100K spams
for every one that ends up in front of a human (e.g., unknown users
via dictionary searches.)

For those there's zero human cost in terms of someone having to read
and delete those, but the cost in equipment etc bear a barrage like
that seems reasonable (remember my comment about 1,000+ systems
spewing the same spam simultaneously not being unusual?)

Anyhow, what's your point, I seem to have completely lost that, that
movie theater tickets should be about 1c because that's a good
approximation of the wear and tear on the seat and they were going to
show the movie anyhow so why leave a seat empty a penny is better than
nothing?

>> Thus, all spammers are criminals.
>
>>                           Quod Erat Demonstrandum.
>
>You have not demonstrated this.  For all your pretty arguments, and for
>all that I agree with most of them, you have not shown any point of
>criminal law that they are violating.  (I suspect there are such, but
>your arguments haven't shown so.)

Is your point that you doubt that, e.g., hijacking PCs via use of
viruses/trojans and using them for personal gain (spamming) isn't
criminal?

I suppose you should be free to hold that view or even demand that
someone convince you otherwise but somehow my instincts tell me you're
just being argumentative and grasping for straws here.

My point is that spammers' economics are such that they could not be
the problem they are without mass unauthorized utilization of others'
resources, such as the current favorite mode of using hijacked zombie
PCs by the thousands.

Is that carefully worded enough for your tastes while still making the
point w/o attempting to win a case against Johnnie Cochran? Or should
I throw in some allegedly's also?

Sheesh.

Haven't we gone waaaaaaaaaaay beyond trying to tackle this problem and
are now neck deep in trying to nitpick each other to death?

Ya know who's gonna win that one doncha? THE SPAMMERS!!!


-- 
        -Barry Shein

Software Tool & Die    | bzs@TheWorld.com           | http://www.TheWorld.com
Purveyors to the Trade | Voice: 617-739-0202        | Login: 617-739-WRLD
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On April 27, 2004 at 15:25 asrg@johnlevine.com (John Levine) wrote:

>I eagerly await your discussion of how you expect people to build a
>micropayment system that will handle a useful amount of mail (a good
>beta size would be five billion messages a day), run at a cost that
>people would be willing to pay (closer to a penny a message than to a
>dollar a message), and won't be subverted by spammers using fake
>postage, used postage, hijacked machines, and a dozen other scams we
>haven't thought of yet.

5 billion transactions per day doesn't impress me as proof positive
of anything, particularly world-wide.

Obviously if we can deliver that many emails per day THEN WE CLEARLY
CAN HANDLE THAT MANY TRANSACTIONS PER DAY! Nicht wahr?

And if we can deliver that many emails today at nearly no incremental
cost, or so it appears, then what do you base your insinuation that
adding the overhead of metering etc would skyrocket the cost on?

We seem to have added all manner of spam filtering, right down to
handshaking with multiple remote blacklists per message and running
each one through all kinds of DNS and content checks such as
spamassassin or various commercial spam filtering services'
software.

And all that doesn't seem to have, by its mere overhead, taken down
the entire world email system, yet, even if it's a lousy trend. But
it's not unreasonable to predict that if we had a pretty good, unified
system for preventing spam in the first place (such as an e-postage
system as idealized) then all that other overhead infrastructure would
be taken apart, or most of it anyhow.

So why do you keep asserting that adding the overhead that might be
incurred in other per-message proposals is so obviously the straw that
shall break the camel's back? (gak! lousy sentence, sorry.)

As to scams, we're there right now (e.g., hijacked zombies, filter
bypassing schemes intuitive boxcar rummage big<dfetererere>ger <font
color=#ffffff>better</font>), but yes there's work to do or else we'd
be done.

>PS: This discussion reminds me of people saying that current
>automobiles are unsatisfactory because the fuel is dirty and
>expensive, therefore future cars will run on water.  Water is
>plentiful and ecologically benign.  I don't have any idea how a
>water-powered car would work and neither does anyone else, but I think
>that cars will run on water anyway.

I cannot imagine a topic which might be discussed on this research
group for which this paragraph *couldn't* be a response. Can you?

If we knew the right answer then I think we'd be done.

But unless you're quite sure you've discovered some mathematical or
physical law being violated (e.g., someone quite literally proposes a
perpetual motion machine or equivalent and I mean "quite literally"
quite literally) I don't see what a meta-comment like the above adds
to the discussion. With all due respect.

Otherwise it just strikes me as bullying forth a particular agenda
while adding little or less. And one of questionable veracity, at
least prima facie, IMHBCO.


-- 
        -Barry Shein

Software Tool & Die    | bzs@TheWorld.com           | http://www.TheWorld.com
Purveyors to the Trade | Voice: 617-739-0202        | Login: 617-739-WRLD
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>> So, don't be coy, tell us: what _does_ it cost to transport an email
>> - let's be generous and say a hundred-kilobyte email - from point A
>> to point B?
> Why would you only want to include transportation/bandwidth costs?

Because we were discussing the transportation costs of email as
compared to its other costs.  The quote from chromi in the message of
yours that I replied to is "By contrast, the transportation costs of
e-mail are practically nil.".

> Anyhow, what's your point, I seem to have completely lost that,

That the transportation costs of email are practically nil, as compared
to its other costs (storage, human time, etc).

>>> Thus, all spammers are criminals.
>> You have not demonstrated this.
> Is your point that you doubt that, e.g., hijacking PCs via use of
> viruses/trojans and using them for personal gain (spamming) isn't
> criminal?

No.  Only that your arguments did not support the conclusion you
(apparently) marshaled them to support.  It's not that I doubt the
conclusion (while it's inevitably jurisdiction-specific, I think it's
probably true in most relevant jurisdictions); I'm just calling you on
your invalid argument technique.

> My point is that spammers' economics are such that they could not be
> the problem they are without mass unauthorized utilization of others'
> resources,

Yes (most notably the recipients' inboxes and eyeball time).

> such as the current favorite mode of using hijacked zombie PCs by the
> thousands.

"such as", perhaps.  But you appeared to be arguing that the spammers
needed to use the zombie armies for economic reasons, which I think is
false - I think they do it to avoid widespread IP-based blocking.

I'm not going to try to argue that point here; I argued it in my
previous message, and nothing you said disputed it either the arguments
or the conclusion as far as I could see.

It's relevant here because antispam techniques that are grounded in
things such as the assumption that spammers are using zombies for
economic reasons will (probably) fail because their underlying
assumptions are invalid.

/~\ The ASCII				der Mouse
\ / Ribbon Campaign
 X  Against HTML	       mouse@rodents.montreal.qc.ca
/ \ Email!	     7D C8 61 52 5D E7 2D 39  4E F1 31 3E E8 B3 27 4B

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Organization: SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc.
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While the discussions may have been rather interesting at times, what 
next steps should be taken within the context of this group.

Yakov
-------
Yakov Shafranovich / asrg <at> shaftek.org
SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc. / research <at> solidmatrix.com
"Some lies are easier to believe than the truth" (Dune)
-------

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From: David Maxwell <david@vex.net>
To: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>
Cc: Jonathan Morton <chromi@chromatix.demon.co.uk>,
        Chris Lewis <clewis@nortelnetworks.com>, asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] hashcash, was My take on e-postage
Message-ID: <20040427165339.GC22336@mail>
References: <Pine.GSO.4.10.10404261400470.12629-100000@nber1.nber.org> <408D55EA.4000008@americasm01.nt.com> <3EB63686-97D7-11D8-A46E-000393863768@chromatix.demon.co.uk> <408DA034.60203@solidmatrix.com>
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On Mon, 26 Apr 2004, Yakov Shafranovich wrote:
> Jonathan Morton wrote:
> >So, OK, this is definitely going to turn off the non-hardcore spammers. 
> > Those that are left will be the ones to send the law after.  Theft of 
> >service and computer intrusion on this kind of scale is a crime, no 
> >matter whether the actual spam is.
> 
> What you also have to factor here is how much money will be saved in 
> order to produce this reduction versus the costs required to convert 
> everybody to hashcash.

You also need to factor in the ongoing costs to update the hashcash
mechanism.

You may need to either increase the number of bits collided, as generic
hardware capability vs cost increases, or replace the scheme, if the
hashing algorithm is broken, or specialized hardware is built.

-- 
David Maxwell, david@vex.net|david@maxwell.net -->
All this stuff in twice the space would only look half as bad!
					      - me


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Subject: Re: [Asrg] My take on e-postage
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As I'm trying to go through emails of last week when I was on vacation 
I get somewhat tired of seeing the same arguments over and over again on 
this never-ending thread. Without specifically commenting if e-postage is 
doable or has any chance of being adapted, I'd instead like people here to 
consider the reasons why e-postage is being proposed, what are the problems
its supposed to solve and then see if there exist any other solutions that
may accomplish the same and possible not have the same likely high
implementation costs as e-postage. 

The reasons that I heard e-postage advocates make that they think e-postage
can solve are:

1. To equalize cost of email distribution (the presumption made is that 
   its cheaper for sender to send email then for recepient to process and 
   store it).

2. To make cost of sending each piece of commercial advertisement email to 
   be higher then possible profit that could result from the majority of 
   spam offers with typical low-response rate. Thus making spammers use 
   very targetted email lists with low # of complaints from those who 
   receive their emails.

Please consider if there exist other general problems that e-postage attempts
to solve and post about it as well as thereafter consider if there exist 
other solutions that may solve these problems.

Also in these and other discussions about cost of sending emails, you 
might want to consider that cost of rejecting email during initial stage 
of SMTP transmission is very low (can be considered 0 for practical purposes)
where as cost is quite real for fully SMTP received email that is thereafter
sent through  filters, classified as spam, stored for human verification, etc

-- 
William Leibzon
Elan Networks
william@elan.net


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From: "Hallam-Baker, Phillip" <pbaker@verisign.com>
To: "'Barry Shein'" <bzs@world.std.com>, John Levine <asrg@johnlevine.com>
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> 5 billion transactions per day doesn't impress me as proof positive
> of anything, particularly world-wide.
> 
> Obviously if we can deliver that many emails per day THEN WE CLEARLY
> CAN HANDLE THAT MANY TRANSACTIONS PER DAY! Nicht wahr?

The fact we perform 5 billion transactions with no charge mechanism in an
entirely decentralized fashion does not provide an existence proof for
being able to resolve 5 billion charge transactions.

VeriSign handles 5 billion transactions a day and many milions of payment
transactions, they even flow through some of the same systems. But they
are not directly equivalent. A single payment transaction costs several 
hundred times more to support than a single DNS transaction.

Funny thing is that the minute I suggest accreditation, which would
involve each mail server requiring an SSL cert equivalent we have people
railing against 'the VeriSign tax'. Then folk go and suggest a payment
system which will inevitably require micropayments. Go work out where
the cybercash IP is owned.

I don't see the market opportunity here. Setting up a system that could
handle the demands is certainly possible, it is already in place for the 
telephone. But the telephone markets are trending towards flat fee 
charging.


		Phill

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        Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>
From: Jonathan Morton <chromi@chromatix.demon.co.uk>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] hashcash, was My take on e-postage
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>>> So, OK, this is definitely going to turn off the non-hardcore 
>>> spammers.
>>> Those that are left will be the ones to send the law after.  Theft of
>>> service and computer intrusion on this kind of scale is a crime, no
>>> matter whether the actual spam is.
>>
>> What you also have to factor here is how much money will be saved in
>> order to produce this reduction versus the costs required to convert
>> everybody to hashcash.

Implementation costs are pretty low - a small plugin or extra feature 
in each popular MUA, plus possibly a verifier in the MTA or MDA chain.  
Aunt Tillie's prehistoric Mac is taken care of by a plugin for Eudora 
v3, for example.  Low-power mobile devices may have a problem 
generating hashcash themselves, but their upstream provider may be able 
to do it for them, especially if they already charge (however 
indirectly) for e-mail.

There's an education cost to get users to adopt it, but this should be 
minimal compared to many other schemes.  Once the plugin/feature is 
installed, it should be possible to make both the hashcash generation 
and signature transparent to the user, except for the processing 
latency.

Whitelisting can be ignored for truly novice users, but should be easy 
to teach to most, and will improve efficiency.  Subscription to mailing 
lists and use of e-mail forwarding boxes will require adding acceptable 
"to" addresses to an internal list, which will be an interesting 
user-interface problem, but not insurmountable.

Running costs are a certain amount of CPU time on the sender side, when 
sending to a recipient who hasn't whitelisted them yet.

> You also need to factor in the ongoing costs to update the hashcash
> mechanism.
>
> You may need to either increase the number of bits collided, as generic
> hardware capability vs cost increases, or replace the scheme, if the
> hashing algorithm is broken, or specialized hardware is built.

If specialised hardware is built for one hash algorithm, it will be 
built for whatever other hash we migrate to as well, so unless the hash 
is actually cracked, we don't need to worry about changing it.  The 
solution in the case of hardware acceleration being built is to move to 
a higher bit count, and start getting Taiwan to make cheap hash 
coprocessors so that ordinary users keep up with the spammers.

Many users won't actually need the coprocessors, because they'll 
already have adequate mutual whitelists (so that hashcash is rarely 
needed) and/or decently powerful computers (which can generate even 
high values of hashcash in a reasonable time).  Users who must contact 
strangers on a regular basis, such as sales and customer service 
departments, will benefit from the coprocessors.

In this ecology, is there a place for paid-for e-stamps?  Yes there is, 
in one form or another.  How about if an "e-stamp" is nothing more than 
a hashcash token generated by a third party, to the sender's 
specifications on the sender's payment?  That way, verification is no 
harder than for hashcash (ie. almost trivial), there's no need for 
inter-vendor settlements, there's almost no barrier to entry for 
vendors and there's no limit to scaling.  It also means that hashcash 
becomes available to all, no matter what their hardware.

The vendors are also in a good position to upgrade to coprocessor 
hardware, if and when it becomes necessary - which might, for 
particularly successful vendors, be before the spammers complete 
*their* prototype.  It means Aunt Tillie doesn't need to find and buy a 
coprocessor for her Mac IIcx in order to file her tax return on time, 
or join a gardening discussion list.

A popular argument as to why e-postage requires a micropayment system 
is that the money should go to the recipient.  I don't think the money 
needs to go that far - just the value.  We value having a nice, clean 
inbox - isn't that enough?

--------------------------------------------------------------
from:     Jonathan "Chromatix" Morton
mail:     chromi@chromatix.demon.co.uk
website:  http://www.chromatix.uklinux.net/
tagline:  The key to knowledge is not to rely on people to teach you it.


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From: Jonathan Morton <chromi@chromatix.demon.co.uk>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 3. E-postage and rate limiting - next steps
To: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>
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> While the discussions may have been rather interesting at times, what 
> next steps should be taken within the context of this group.

How about figuring out a robust hashcash and signature mechanism, and 
considering how well it would work, including the possibility of third 
parties selling hashcash as a form of decentralised e-postage.  There's 
already some work in this area, which can be built upon, but a summary 
of this would be useful.

Oh, and I think I've figured out a way to do signatures without 
involving the message content (which is liable to change in transit 
under various circumstances).  It ties in neatly with hashcash.  :)

Simply put, since the hashcash must be unique per message, do the 
signature on the hashcash rather than the message itself.  For messages 
which don't require high-value hashcash due to whitelisting, generate a 
trivial (say 8-bit) unique hashcash and use that for the signature.

--------------------------------------------------------------
from:     Jonathan "Chromatix" Morton
mail:     chromi@chromatix.demon.co.uk
website:  http://www.chromatix.uklinux.net/
tagline:  The key to knowledge is not to rely on people to teach you it.


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From: John Levine <asrg@johnlevine.com>
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] no e-postage
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>> 5 billion transactions per day doesn't impress me as proof positive
>> of anything, particularly world-wide.
>> 
>> Obviously if we can deliver that many emails per day THEN WE CLEARLY
>> CAN HANDLE THAT MANY TRANSACTIONS PER DAY! Nicht wahr?
>
>The fact we perform 5 billion transactions with no charge mechanism in an
>entirely decentralized fashion does not provide an existence proof for
>being able to resolve 5 billion charge transactions. ...

Wow, who'd have thought that Phill would write a message and I'd agree
with every word.

Since what Barry seems to mean by e-postage is what other people call
rate limiting and perhaps usage based charging, I wouldn't be averse
to some suggestions about how we might do the former.

Regards,
John Levine, johnl@taugh.com, Taughannock Networks, Trumansburg NY
http://www.taugh.com

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>Please consider if there exist other general problems that e-postage
>attempts to solve and post about it as well as thereafter consider if
>there exist other solutions that may solve these problems.

3. To improve delivery rates for legitimate bulk mailers.

4. To make vendors of e-postage systems rich.

Of all the arguments advanced for e-postage, #3 is the only one that
ever made sense, but there are approaches other than per-message
metering that address that problem.  Look at Ironport's Bonded Sender,
for example.

Regards,
John Levine, johnl@taugh.com, Taughannock Networks, Trumansburg NY
http://www.taugh.com

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	(message from Jonathan Morton on Wed, 28 Apr 2004 03:46:09 +0100)
Subject: Re: [Asrg] hashcash, was My take on e-postage
References: <Pine.GSO.4.10.10404261400470.12629-100000@nber1.nber.org> <408D55EA.4000008@americasm01.nt.com> <3EB63686-97D7-11D8-A46E-000393863768@chromatix.demon.co.uk> <408DA034.60203@solidmatrix.com> <20040427165339.GC22336@mail> <34737540-98BE-11D8-9B38-000393863768@chromatix.demon.co.uk>
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Jonathan Morton <chromi@chromatix.demon.co.uk> wrote:

> If specialised hardware is built for one hash algorithm, it will be 
> built for whatever other hash we migrate to as well, so unless the hash 
> is actually cracked, we don't need to worry about changing it.

Changing the hash makes the specialized hardware worthless; if it's
spammers who paid for it, that raises their costs.

>  The solution in the case of hardware acceleration being built is to
> move to a higher bit count,

Thereby preventing my mother on her 486 from sending 3 messages a day.

> and start getting Taiwan to make cheap hash 
> coprocessors so that ordinary users keep up with the spammers.

How does that plug into a 486?

>  Users who must contact strangers on a regular basis, such as sales
> and customer service departments, will benefit from the
> coprocessors.

Why would they be contacting strangers?  They would generally be
_replying_, so should expect to be whitelisted.

Sales and customer service departments should expect to _receive_ lots
of mail from strangers, so if they set their prices too high, they
lose business.

Seth

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From: "Chris" <asrg@rebel.com.au>
To: "John Levine" <asrg@johnlevine.com>, <asrg@ietf.org>
Cc: <william@elan.net>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] My take on e-postage
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An e-postage system would need to account for the every day person. why
should they be charged for sending what is currently free?

So if we take that into consideration what is the limit on the number of
emails for free or charged 10,20 per day ?

Who polices that level. what about China who polices it there?

Ok set the level at zero. the average Joe will cop it sweet if it keeps spam
out of their mail box.

Does anyone here think e-mail will survive beyond a fee ?

If so go ahead and introduce a fee. see how long it takes before an
alternative becomes available.

I will start writing one as soon as e-postage looks inevitable!


Regards
Chris

P.S. How many of you would subscribe to this list if it was going to cost
$0.20 every time
And who pays for the duplicates we all receive?




> -----Original Message-----
> From: asrg-admin@ietf.org [mailto:asrg-admin@ietf.org]On Behalf Of John
> Levine
> Sent: Wednesday, 28 April 2004 1:26 PM
> To: asrg@ietf.org
> Cc: william@elan.net
> Subject: Re: [Asrg] My take on e-postage
>
>
> >Please consider if there exist other general problems that e-postage
> >attempts to solve and post about it as well as thereafter consider if
> >there exist other solutions that may solve these problems.
>
> 3. To improve delivery rates for legitimate bulk mailers.
>
> 4. To make vendors of e-postage systems rich.
>
> Of all the arguments advanced for e-postage, #3 is the only one that
> ever made sense, but there are approaches other than per-message
> metering that address that problem.  Look at Ironport's Bonded Sender,
> for example.
>
> Regards,
> John Levine, johnl@taugh.com, Taughannock Networks, Trumansburg NY
> http://www.taugh.com
>
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg


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From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@ox.org>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: The end result of E-postage (was Re: [Asrg] (no subject) )
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Tue, 27 Apr 2004 19:51:47 PDT."
             <C6DDA43B91BFDA49AA2F1E473732113E5DBBD3@mou1wnexm05.vcorp.ad.vrsn.com> 
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"Hallam-Baker, Phillip" <pbaker@verisign.com> wrote:
> The fact we perform 5 billion transactions with no charge mechanism in an
> entirely decentralized fashion does not provide an existence proof for
> being able to resolve 5 billion charge transactions.

  One way to lower the number of messages is to aggregate the costs
per ISP over time.  e.g. Rather than accounting for each transaction,
account for N transactions between you and ISP X over Y hours.

  The real charges can then be based on differentials, and not on
absolute numbers.  "You're charging me $1000 for my mail, but I'm
charging you $900 for mail you sent to me, so I've only got to pay you
$100."

  The end result of this system, though, ends up looking a lot like
accreditation, where the accreditation is "ISP is/is-not
revenue-neutral to the rest of the net."  i.e. has a balanced flow of
traffic, OR pays his bills on time.

  We already know that spammers hide their traffic on zombie machines,
so this system won't let us bill the spammers.  Rather, it lets the
spammed recipients bill the ISP originating the spam for not fixing
their system.  The ISP is then free to push those bills onto their
customers, who are running zombied machines.

  That's probably the one real utility of any e-postage system: Permit
better accounting of the cost of spam.

  Alan DeKok.

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From: "Hallam-Baker, Phillip" <pbaker@verisign.com>
To: "'Alan DeKok'" <aland@ox.org>, asrg@ietf.org
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Subject: [Asrg] Death, taxes and E-Postage.
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>   One way to lower the number of messages is to aggregate the costs
> per ISP over time.  e.g. Rather than accounting for each transaction,
> account for N transactions between you and ISP X over Y hours.
> 
>   The real charges can then be based on differentials, and not on
> absolute numbers.  "You're charging me $1000 for my mail, but I'm
> charging you $900 for mail you sent to me, so I've only got to pay you
> $100."

Sure we could do clearing. Any idea what it would take to set up
such a system?

The actual figures would be rather different and go through a 
clearing center:

You used $900 worth of mail services during the billing period
You provided $1000 worth of mail services during the billing period

Charge for services used         $918.00
Payment of services rendered    -$980.00
Billing Fee                       $50.00
FCC connection surcharge          $21.00
ACC intentional fee               $12.23
Common fund                       $10.00
Technology fee                    $19.00

AMOUNT DUE                        $50.23

If you think otherwise take a look at your cellphone bill or your cable
bill. 

Oh and if you are a private individual you would also owe taxes on the $980
but you could not offset the $918 you paid. The $980 is income, you can only
offset the fees that were necessarily incurred in order to earn that income.
You might arguably claim the $112.23 in charges but only if they were on the
incomming. 

So you would actually be out of pocket $343.00 + 50.23 = 393.23 assuming a
35% tax rate.

	Phill

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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Death, taxes and E-Postage.
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On 28/04/04 09:22 -0700, Hallam-Baker, Phillip wrote:
<snip>
> You used $900 worth of mail services during the billing period
> You provided $1000 worth of mail services during the billing period
> 
> Charge for services used         $918.00
> Payment of services rendered    -$980.00
> Billing Fee                       $50.00
> FCC connection surcharge          $21.00
International connection taxes as well, and surcharges there.
<snip>
> So you would actually be out of pocket $343.00 + 50.23 = 393.23 assuming a
> 35% tax rate.
And more if you ever sent an email outside the country (taxes in both
jursidictions?).

Devdas Bhagat

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From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@ox.org>
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Death, taxes and E-Postage. 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Wed, 28 Apr 2004 09:22:34 PDT."
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"Hallam-Baker, Phillip" <pbaker@verisign.com> wrote:
> Sure we could do clearing. Any idea what it would take to set up
> such a system?

  A fair bit, which is why I was concentrating on the "conceptual"
portion.  "If we did it, ignoring the costs, it would look a lot like
system FOO, so why don't we just do FOO from the start, and avoid the
costs?"

> The actual figures would be rather different and go through a 
> clearing center:

  Not necessarily.  Clearing centers are used when independent parties
wish to exchange information through an accredited service.  On the
net, people can talk to each other directly, without using an
accreditation service for each transaction.

  e.g. I don't need to contact Verisign to check someones credentials,
if I see that their certificate is signed by Verisign.

  In a theoretical e-postage system, parties can sign messages
indicating consent to nullify mutual "costs" for e-postage.  Those
costs don't have to be real money, they can be e-postage tokens.  The
only need for a central clearing house is then to deal with the final
portions of the costs which aren't mutually negated.

  But again, if such a system is set up, the end result of e-postage
is pretty much a central accreditation service.  So why not just set
up an accreditation service, and stop the pretense that e-postage is
useful?

  Alan DeKok.

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> Obviously if we can deliver that many emails per day THEN WE CLEARLY
CAN HANDLE THAT MANY TRANSACTIONS PER DAY! Nicht wahr?
 
> And if we can deliver that many emails today at nearly no incremental
cost, or so it appears, then what do you base your insinuation that
adding the overhead of metering etc would skyrocket the cost on?

Several points.

1)  Exception handling on E-mail delivery is very simple... any question about 
whether it got delivered?  Just send it again.  Duplicate E-mail delivery isn't 
considered to be a huge problem.  Multiple charging for the same E-mail is 
obviously a much bigger issue.

2)  Auditability.  When you're talking about money, you have to be much more 
disciplined (and you have to deal with correcting the inevitable mistakes etc 
which suddenly become a much bigger deal).

3)  Handling "transactions" involves a much higher degree of guarantees... 
delivery, non-duplication, accuracy, privacy, etc etc.  

> We seem to have added all manner of spam filtering, 

Spam filtering, even quite elaborate spam filtering, is cheap in part because 
it's inherently single-ended and doesn't therefore require any kind of "delayed 
handling" (e.g. additional queuing while waiting for responses from other 
entities elsewhere on the net, dealing with exceptional situations such as cases 
where expected responses don't ever occur, etc. etc)

> ...right down to
handshaking with multiple remote blacklists per message and running
each one through all kinds of DNS and content checks such as
spamassassin or various commercial spam filtering services'
software.

Stuff that can be done locally is actually very cheap, and scales well.

> And all that doesn't seem to have, by its mere overhead, taken down
the entire world email system, yet, even if it's a lousy trend. 

The problem with the free market is that pricing and other abuses and their 
correction tends to exhibit a time constant that is not compatible with what 
human expectation wants it to be...!

> But it's not unreasonable to predict that if we had a pretty good, unified
system for preventing spam in the first place... 

That's rather like the old joke about the economist, physicist, engineer, etc 
all marooned on a desert island and eventually a crate of canned food washes 
ashore, and they all set about trying to figure out how to open the cans.  It 
eventually ends with the economist announcing, "First, let's assume we have a 
can opener..."  :-)

The way to stop spam is ultimately for spammers to realize that it has a 
vanishingly small chance of getting through, and therefore it is largely futile 
and totally uneconomic to send it.   Part of that shift involves making it more 
difficult or expensive to send spam (legal action, making it harder to create 
zombie spambots, etc) and part of it involves squashing virtually all the spam 
somewhere enroute, before any human eyes (likely to benefit the spammer at 
least) see it.

I still very much like the idea of turning the firehose back on the spammer (or 
their Web/email host perhaps) in a sort of massively distributed retaliatory 
DDOS attack, but the issues then are whether the spammer being retaliated 
against is the real one and how to prevent "joe jobbing" (and this is true 
whether the retaliatory responses are automated, or even if human-approved 
before the counterstrikes are launched).

> (such as an e-postage system as idealized) 

"idealized" is all too true... this is one of those schemes where the devil 
TRULY IS in the details and there are a LOT of devils there.  In truth, the use 
of "stamps" would help even if the stamps were FREE and distributed by the 
addressees upon request.  It's not at all clear that paying for them adds much 
(that's GOOD, anyhow) to the scheme.

And in fact, that gets right back to the sort of scheme that I proposed to begin 
with... where the sender needs to negotiate (by plain ASCII text E-mails, that 
have to maybe meet size restrictions and can pass through antispam content 
filters) for permission to send a certain type of mail to the recipient.  
Whether that permission is granted by the recipient by adding their name and 
type of mail to the recipient-end whitelist (and then, I suppose, sending them 
E-mail to say it's okay), or whether that "permission" is granted in the more 
tangible form as a "postage stamp" or passcode (whether single-use or 
multiple-use!  but 'revokable' without notice in any case) that the sender must 
include with their future E-mails in order to evidence prior approval... 
personally, I think it's just as easy for the recipient to look up the sender 
name (and perhaps 'passcode') and check the incoming E-mail type against that 
sender's pre-approved permissions as it is to process a "stamp".

> ...then all that other overhead infrastructure would be taken apart, or most 
of it anyhow.

Far better, I think, to AVOID the waste of building a pointless worldwide 
infrastructure that ultimately DOES NOT SOLVE THE PROBLEM (and later to realize 
that and take it back apart again).  Let's be smarter about how we do things.

> So why do you keep asserting that adding the overhead that might be
incurred in other per-message proposals is so obviously the straw that
shall break the camel's back? (gak! lousy sentence, sorry.)

It's not just the overhead, and the need for worldwide concurrence.  It's the 
fact that it creates as many problems (or more) than what it solves, and still 
doesn't fix the spam problem.

Gordon Peterson                  http://personal.terabites.com/
1977-2002  Twenty-fifth anniversary year of Local Area Networking!
Support free and fair US elections!  http://stickers.defend-democracy.org
12/19/98: Partisan Republicans scornfully ignore the voters they "represent".
12/09/00: the date the Republican Party took down democracy in America.



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> How about figuring out a robust hashcash and signature mechanism, and 
considering how well it would work, including the possibility of third 
parties selling hashcash as a form of decentralised e-postage.  There's 
already some work in this area, which can be built upon, but a summary 
of this would be useful.

> Oh, and I think I've figured out a way to do signatures without 
involving the message content (which is liable to change in transit 
under various circumstances).  It ties in neatly with hashcash.  :)

> Simply put, since the hashcash must be unique per message, do the 
signature on the hashcash rather than the message itself.  For messages 
which don't require high-value hashcash due to whitelisting, generate a 
trivial (say 8-bit) unique hashcash and use that for the signature.

Hashcash and signatures are non-starters (or deserve to be) for the simple and 
immutable reason that compromised spambot zombies will pump out large numbers of 
hashcash-certified, signature-carrying spams.

AGAIN, THIS DOES NOT SOLVE THE PROBLEM.  It only makes the system more 
complicated and expensive.



Gordon Peterson                  http://personal.terabites.com/
1977-2002  Twenty-fifth anniversary year of Local Area Networking!
Support free and fair US elections!  http://stickers.defend-democracy.org
12/19/98: Partisan Republicans scornfully ignore the voters they "represent".
12/09/00: the date the Republican Party took down democracy in America.



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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Death, taxes and E-Postage.
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Regardless of which route you go, you need to 
establish some sort of message level info in a queryable form,
something will need to keep track of who sent what, from where.
Once you have set that up, why not just use that check to validate
if a message came from where it said it did, by going back to the
purported originating system and see if they have the origination
record.
All that needs to be done from there is to set up a local database
to store your origination records, and a module to communicate 
server to server (or to the central database) to check it.  A system can be set up to store records 
for small mailers (law firsm, etc) who choose not to do that for themselves.

bill mcinnis

---------- Original Message ----------------------------------
From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@ox.org>
Date:  Wed, 28 Apr 2004 15:07:37 -0400

>"Hallam-Baker, Phillip" <pbaker@verisign.com> wrote:
>> Sure we could do clearing. Any idea what it would take to set up
>> such a system?
>
>  A fair bit, which is why I was concentrating on the "conceptual"
>portion.  "If we did it, ignoring the costs, it would look a lot like
>system FOO, so why don't we just do FOO from the start, and avoid the
>costs?"
>
>> The actual figures would be rather different and go through a 
>> clearing center:
>
>  Not necessarily.  Clearing centers are used when independent parties
>wish to exchange information through an accredited service.  On the
>net, people can talk to each other directly, without using an
>accreditation service for each transaction.
>
>  e.g. I don't need to contact Verisign to check someones credentials,
>if I see that their certificate is signed by Verisign.
>
>  In a theoretical e-postage system, parties can sign messages
>indicating consent to nullify mutual "costs" for e-postage.  Those
>costs don't have to be real money, they can be e-postage tokens.  The
>only need for a central clearing house is then to deal with the final
>portions of the costs which aren't mutually negated.
>
>  But again, if such a system is set up, the end result of e-postage
>is pretty much a central accreditation service.  So why not just set
>up an accreditation service, and stop the pretense that e-postage is
>useful?
>
>  Alan DeKok.
>
>_______________________________________________
>Asrg mailing list
>Asrg@ietf.org
>https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg
>

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Subject: RE: [Asrg] My take on e-postage
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Well, for starters I want to thank you for being brutally honest about
the concerns regarding e-postage because I think what you say is
behind every other criticism. That said...

On April 28, 2004 at 14:07 asrg@rebel.com.au (Chris) wrote:
 > 
 > An e-postage system would need to account for the every day person. why
 > should they be charged for sending what is currently free?

Because the current totally free system isn't working very well as
evidenced by our convening here (that is, spam!)

Unlimited free resources tend to get abused if there's some way to
profit from that use. And that's about where we are right now.

 > So if we take that into consideration what is the limit on the number of
 > emails for free or charged 10,20 per day ?

One would imagine it'd become a marketing issue, just like the monthly
price of a connection and how fast that is, etc.

 > Who polices that level. what about China who polices it there?

Again, the market.

As to China, this is probably the least of China's problems. Do we
really think we can solve all of China's problems right here or should
even take them into account?

How about the fact that all the e-mail headers and SMTP etc not to
mention the RFCs are in English? Don't you think that poses some
disadvantage to the average Chinese person? How would you like it if
all that were in Chinese?

It's not somewhere we're really set up to go here.

 > Ok set the level at zero. the average Joe will cop it sweet if it keeps spam
 > out of their mail box.
 > 
 > Does anyone here think e-mail will survive beyond a fee ?

If the fee is reasonable, like zero for most common, personal usage,
etc, yes.

 > If so go ahead and introduce a fee. see how long it takes before an
 > alternative becomes available.
 > 
 > I will start writing one as soon as e-postage looks inevitable!

Yeah well you could also try setting up your own phone and postage
systems and tell us how it works out.

 > 
 > Regards
 > Chris
 > 
 > P.S. How many of you would subscribe to this list if it was going to cost
 > $0.20 every time

Who suggested $.20? Who suggested it'd be recipient-pays?

 > And who pays for the duplicates we all receive?

Who suggested it'd be recipient-pays?

-- 
        -Barry Shein

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Purveyors to the Trade | Voice: 617-739-0202        | Login: 617-739-WRLD
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] no e-postage
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On April 28, 2004 at 03:50 asrg@johnlevine.com (John Levine) wrote:
 > >> 5 billion transactions per day doesn't impress me as proof positive
 > >> of anything, particularly world-wide.
 > >> 
 > >> Obviously if we can deliver that many emails per day THEN WE CLEARLY
 > >> CAN HANDLE THAT MANY TRANSACTIONS PER DAY! Nicht wahr?
 > >
 > >The fact we perform 5 billion transactions with no charge mechanism in an
 > >entirely decentralized fashion does not provide an existence proof for
 > >being able to resolve 5 billion charge transactions. ...
 > 
 > Wow, who'd have thought that Phill would write a message and I'd agree
 > with every word.

Not surprising since he did a chop-job on my note to turn it into a
straw-man to argue with.

 > Since what Barry seems to mean by e-postage is what other people call
 > rate limiting and perhaps usage based charging, I wouldn't be averse
 > to some suggestions about how we might do the former.

Since you're adverse to usage-based charging who gets to decide who
gets what limit in a rate-limiting scheme?

You?

Shall we just make you Commissar of E-Mail right now and let you lay
down the rules of what content is worthy and what is not and how we
may go about enforcing such a regimen?

Because that's what's being sold here.

If you don't just let people pay for what they use then either you
will have vast resource abuse as we have now, or someone gets to
decide how much they get to use, and why, by some other means, by
making rules and having the power to enforce those rules.

Me, I'd rather go into the post office and pay 37c to buy a stamp to
mail a letter than try to convince the guy behind the counter that the
contents of my letter conform to the postmaster-general's rules and
should be of sufficient interest to the intended recipient that they
should deliver it for free.


-- 
        -Barry Shein

Software Tool & Die    | bzs@TheWorld.com           | http://www.TheWorld.com
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Yeah well via some creative editing you managed to reverse my point
and create a straw man to argue with.

The responded-to claim was that it's difficult if not impossible to
imagine a system which could impose a charging mechanism on 5 billion
e-mail msgs/day, too many transactions.

I countred that the fact that we obviously handle those 5B msgs/day
would not seem to argue AGAINST the possibility of adding a little
more processing to each, it would seem to argue FOR the possibility.


But a proof? No, not a proof, not either way. Which was my point
exactly.



On April 27, 2004 at 19:51 pbaker@verisign.com (Hallam-Baker, Phillip) wrote:
 > 
 > > 5 billion transactions per day doesn't impress me as proof positive
 > > of anything, particularly world-wide.
 > > 
 > > Obviously if we can deliver that many emails per day THEN WE CLEARLY
 > > CAN HANDLE THAT MANY TRANSACTIONS PER DAY! Nicht wahr?
 > 
 > The fact we perform 5 billion transactions with no charge mechanism in an
 > entirely decentralized fashion does not provide an existence proof for
 > being able to resolve 5 billion charge transactions.
 > 
 > VeriSign handles 5 billion transactions a day and many milions of payment
 > transactions, they even flow through some of the same systems. But they
 > are not directly equivalent. A single payment transaction costs several 
 > hundred times more to support than a single DNS transaction.
 > 
 > Funny thing is that the minute I suggest accreditation, which would
 > involve each mail server requiring an SSL cert equivalent we have people
 > railing against 'the VeriSign tax'. Then folk go and suggest a payment
 > system which will inevitably require micropayments. Go work out where
 > the cybercash IP is owned.
 > 
 > I don't see the market opportunity here. Setting up a system that could
 > handle the demands is certainly possible, it is already in place for the 
 > telephone. But the telephone markets are trending towards flat fee 
 > charging.
 > 
 > 
 > 		Phill

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3. a content-neutral way to control the problem.

It may not be the only possible approach, but the hidden problem with
many other approaches is that they still leave the problem of who gets
to decide what is spam and what is not, particularly at the
infrastructure level.

Put another way for those not following, being able to pay your way
tends to be fair in some generally agreed sense, at least it tends to
be judgement-neutral as to the content.

On the other hand, having to establish some sort of bureaucracy to
decide what is spam and what is not could be a very unpleasant road to
start down.

Imagine if the post office would only deliver your mail if they
thought you had something worthwhile to say.

What a step backwards.

Before 1989 you couldn't buy a connection to the internet unless you
could show some bona-fide usage (defense contracting, and towards the
very end of that era, being a university), and then if you were
approved hook-up was basically free.

When I first began getting the general public onto the net for merely
having $20 to spend in 1989 yes, people raved that it was outrageous
that what was previously free was now being charged for, where would
this lead!?

I think it all worked out mostly ok, regardless of the protestations
of the demagogues who insisted that the net should be free and they
alone should have the power to decide who gets access to that free
resource.

Because that's the way that goes. Either it's for sale, or eventually
someone has to have the power to regulate the resources by policy.

Worth a thought, perhaps.

-- 
        -Barry Shein

Software Tool & Die    | bzs@TheWorld.com           | http://www.TheWorld.com
Purveyors to the Trade | Voice: 617-739-0202        | Login: 617-739-WRLD
The World              | Public Access Internet     | Since 1989     *oo*

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> Yeah well via some creative editing you managed to reverse my point
> and create a straw man to argue with.

Not at all, the argument you made was spurious under either interpretation.

> I countred that the fact that we obviously handle those 5B msgs/day
> would not seem to argue AGAINST the possibility of adding a little
> more processing to each, it would seem to argue FOR the possibility.

It would seem to me to be at best completely and utterly irrelevant.
The ability to move an email message without any form of authentication
whatsover does not seem to argue for the possibility of moving a
payment with that email.

The fact that the volume is 5 billion a day does argue that any 
settlement system is going to have to be substantial. 

> But a proof? No, not a proof, not either way. Which was my point
> exactly.

Actually your claim was:

>  > > Obviously if we can deliver that many emails per day 
> THEN WE CLEARLY
>  > > CAN HANDLE THAT MANY TRANSACTIONS PER DAY! Nicht wahr?

I don't know how you expected this statement to be interpreted.
I will merely observe that if the French had not rescued you 
from certain defeat at Yorktown you would now be speaking English.

		Phill

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Barry Shein wrote:

> > >> Obviously if we can deliver that many emails per day THEN WE CLEARLY
> > >> CAN HANDLE THAT MANY TRANSACTIONS PER DAY! Nicht wahr?
>  
>


Nein.

Using your own analogy:

What if I could negotiate permission with the postmaster by phone and in 
lots of 1000 permissions, but could only buy postage at the post office, 
could only mail letters in envelopes that were pre-printed with the 
postage, could only buy one envelope at a time, and could only pay in 
pennies?

There is reason to believe that the processing and data management 
backends for postage management will dwarf the costs of the dumbwork of 
moving the mail itself.

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Because the latter would require an extra real-time transaction where
the former may or may not?

On April 28, 2004 at 17:09 bill.mcinnis@messagelevel.com (Bill Mcinnis) wrote:
 > Regardless of which route you go, you need to 
 > establish some sort of message level info in a queryable form,
 > something will need to keep track of who sent what, from where.
 > Once you have set that up, why not just use that check to validate
 > if a message came from where it said it did, by going back to the
 > purported originating system and see if they have the origination
 > record.
 > All that needs to be done from there is to set up a local database
 > to store your origination records, and a module to communicate 
 > server to server (or to the central database) to check it.  A system can be set up to store records 
 > for small mailers (law firsm, etc) who choose not to do that for themselves.
 > 
 > bill mcinnis
 > 
 > ---------- Original Message ----------------------------------
 > From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@ox.org>
 > Date:  Wed, 28 Apr 2004 15:07:37 -0400
 > 
 > >"Hallam-Baker, Phillip" <pbaker@verisign.com> wrote:
 > >> Sure we could do clearing. Any idea what it would take to set up
 > >> such a system?
 > >
 > >  A fair bit, which is why I was concentrating on the "conceptual"
 > >portion.  "If we did it, ignoring the costs, it would look a lot like
 > >system FOO, so why don't we just do FOO from the start, and avoid the
 > >costs?"
 > >
 > >> The actual figures would be rather different and go through a 
 > >> clearing center:
 > >
 > >  Not necessarily.  Clearing centers are used when independent parties
 > >wish to exchange information through an accredited service.  On the
 > >net, people can talk to each other directly, without using an
 > >accreditation service for each transaction.
 > >
 > >  e.g. I don't need to contact Verisign to check someones credentials,
 > >if I see that their certificate is signed by Verisign.
 > >
 > >  In a theoretical e-postage system, parties can sign messages
 > >indicating consent to nullify mutual "costs" for e-postage.  Those
 > >costs don't have to be real money, they can be e-postage tokens.  The
 > >only need for a central clearing house is then to deal with the final
 > >portions of the costs which aren't mutually negated.
 > >
 > >  But again, if such a system is set up, the end result of e-postage
 > >is pretty much a central accreditation service.  So why not just set
 > >up an accreditation service, and stop the pretense that e-postage is
 > >useful?
 > >
 > >  Alan DeKok.
 > >
 > >_______________________________________________
 > >Asrg mailing list
 > >Asrg@ietf.org
 > >https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg
 > >
 > 
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On April 28, 2004 at 14:20 pbaker@verisign.com (Hallam-Baker, Phillip) wrote:
 > 
 > >  > > Obviously if we can deliver that many emails per day 
 > > THEN WE CLEARLY
 > >  > > CAN HANDLE THAT MANY TRANSACTIONS PER DAY! Nicht wahr?
 > 
 > I don't know how you expected this statement to be interpreted.
 > I will merely observe that if the French had not rescued you 
 > from certain defeat at Yorktown you would now be speaking English.



E-mail transactions, philip, that was the original assertion I was
responding to, not my assertion. What you are responding to is
anybody's guess.


And I'll resist making obnoxious comments about Normandy and speaking
German...


-- 
        -Barry Shein

Software Tool & Die    | bzs@TheWorld.com           | http://www.TheWorld.com
Purveyors to the Trade | Voice: 617-739-0202        | Login: 617-739-WRLD
The World              | Public Access Internet     | Since 1989     *oo*

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Barry Shein wrote:

>E-mail transactions, philip, that was the original assertion I was
>responding to, not my assertion. What you are responding to is
>anybody's guess.
>  
>


The idea, Barry, is that the business transaction (as in database and 
application interaction -- you know, what 99% of the IT world thiks of 
when you say "transaction") that is needed to support postage is likely 
to be much heavier-weight than the protocol interaction that is required 
to deliver the message itself.

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Written purely from the perspective of a lame user

From my way of thinking any form of payment ( monetary or value ) that is
imposed on email will eliminate most spam as it exists today.

I guess everyone realises that spam today is purely driven by the fact that
email is virtually free and a lot of email messages can be sent over a very
small period of time with little or no consequence to the sender.  The
premise has always been that a spammer only needs a very small response
rate to make the exercise profitable.

With that said, then a 'pay for email' system must work, right?  Well I
think it will but think a bit further into the future.

Once a 'pay for email' system in invoked does the payment therefore invoke
some responsibility on the payee for the email to be delivered?  I think
that in a legal sense that it does.  What we will see then is spam email
from legitimate sources.  Once large corporations realise that they have to
pay for email it will give them a sense of legitimacy and they will spam us
all.  Just like they do with the junk mail you get in your letter boxes
today.

So instead of an in box full of Vi@gra and medication messages, we will
start to receive emails from our discount stores, banks, etc,etc

Good thing?  Don't know for now.

John




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From: Barry Shein <bzs@world.std.com>
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Just interesting, to me anyhow, maybe you've run across this.

The topic of flat-rating of long-distance telephony came up.

As fate would have it, today I read a complaint by someone who claims
he's plagued several times per week by a certain telemarketer and they
won't stop even though he's called them and even written them trying
to be removed.

His take is that the calls are coming from India (his assertion),
telemarketing goes outsource, and thus they're immune or at least
highly resistant to things like do not call lists.

Swell, flat-rate (or at least very cheap) telephony meets cheap,
``off-shore'' outsourcing external to US regulations.

If this is a trend as I fear it might be (why not?) I suppose we can
soon expect our phones to be ringing off the hook 7x24, why bother
with niceties like reasonable calling hours when you can fish the pond
for suckers willing to place an order RIGHT NOW for herbal viagra or
getting a star named after each of their kids?

As I said, just a point of information, but we should be careful what
we use as illustrative examples.

-- 
        -Barry Shein

Software Tool & Die    | bzs@TheWorld.com           | http://www.TheWorld.com
Purveyors to the Trade | Voice: 617-739-0202        | Login: 617-739-WRLD
The World              | Public Access Internet     | Since 1989     *oo*

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Organization: SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc.
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Subject: [Asrg] 2b. Two new drafts on blacklists
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Two new ASRG drafts have been published on blacklists. The first draft 
documents the protocols used in blacklists, the second proposes a set of 
best current practices for managing blacklists. The documents can be 
found here:

http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-irtf-asrg-dnsbl-00.txt
http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-irtf-asrg-bcp-blacklists-00.txt

Yakov
-------
Yakov Shafranovich / asrg <at> shaftek.org
SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc. / research <at> solidmatrix.com
"And this too shall come to pass"
-------

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On Apr 22, 2004, at 23:07, Seth Breidbart wrote:
> mathew <meta@pobox.com> wrote:
>> On Apr 21, 2004, at 21:21, Seth Breidbart quoted someone:
>>>> How come SSL certificates in HTTPS transactions can work? Aren't 
>>>> they
>>>> reasonably analogous?
>>>
>>> No; anybody can generate one.  Somebody who wanted billions of valid
>>> ones could just spend a little CPU time.
>>
>> No, it doesn't work like that. If it did, SSL would be useless.
>
> No, SSL encrypts.

SSL with certificates can also authenticate, and that's the kind of 
functionality that's needed for e-postage.

>
>> Sure, I can generate a self-signed SSL certificate, but that's not
>> going to get me anywhere.
>
> It does for a number of stores I shop at.
>
> After all, what value does having a certificate signed by Verisign
> actually provide?

It provides assurance that the system you are connecting to is one 
approved by Verisign.

So, what value does e-postage signed by Verisign have? Well, it might 
hypothetically have the value that Verisign will redeem it for cash.

Now, I notice you deleted my challenge, so let me re-state it. If you 
think SSL certificates are worthless and easily bypassed, let's see you 
generate one which my browser will accept without throwing up a warning 
that it's bogus.

>> Ask yourself why phishing sites don't use SSL.
>
> Why should they bother?  Would it increase their success ratio?

It would if they could get the certificate to be accepted without any 
warning, the connection to show as secure, and the certificate to state 
that they really are the institution they're pretending to be. If they 
could do that, they might fool people like me. But they can't, which is 
the entire point.


mathew


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Subject: Re: [Asrg] E-postage/hashcash - the future
To: John Levine <asrg@johnlevine.com>
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>>With that said, then a 'pay for email' system must work, right?  Well I
>>think it will but think a bit further into the future.

>Hmmn.  I think you need to keep my note about the water powered car in
>mind.  GM has multi-billion dollar R&D resources.  Why haven't they
>built a water powered car?  Well, that's pretty much why we're not going
>to build an e-postage system.

>Regards,
>John Levine, johnl@taugh.com, Taughannock Networks, Trumansburg NY
>http://www.taugh.com
>


Well, it is interesting that you seem to  _know_  that GM hasn't already
built a water powered car LOL

In any case, I do see your point, but was just trying to express my opinion
as to what I think will happen if email is chargeable

John





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Subject: Re: [Asrg] E-postage/hashcash - the future
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At 05:33 PM 4/28/2004, john.oppler@gm.com wrote:
>In any case, I do see your point, but was just trying to express my opinion
>as to what I think will happen if email is chargeable

It's about as useful as expressing an opinion as to what will happen when 
cars run on water.

You have to look at the obstacles to making it happen.  Thinking about how 
nice it will be "when it happens" is a waste of time if it ain't never 
gonna happen.

The first obstacle to making it happen is getting the first 1/2 of the mail 
clients/servers on the 'net to sign-on to whatever plan we propose and 
implementing the necessary changes first, before there is any hope of 
payoff.  The second obstacle is getting end users to agree to cut-off the 
last 1/2 of the mail clients/servers on the 'net (including aunt Sally with 
her old win95 box that can't be upgraded to a newer message system) once 
"critical mass" has been achieved, to force all the older clients/servers 
to upgrade or die so that the new system has 100% of the message traffic on 
the 'net.  Both of these are *big* obstacles, and adding ePostage ON TOP OF 
THIS makes it considerably harder because we add a complicated payment 
scheme on top of a complicated system upgrade.

If it were easy it would have happened already by now.  And we would all be 
driving cars powered by water.

jc




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From: "Chris" <asrg@rebel.com.au>
To: "Barry Shein" <bzs@world.std.com>
Cc: "John Levine" <asrg@johnlevine.com>, <asrg@ietf.org>, <william@elan.net>
Subject: [Asrg] My take on e-postage
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in reply

>
>  > So if we take that into consideration what is the limit on the
>  > number of
>  > emails for free or charged 10,20 per day ?
>
> One would imagine it'd become a marketing issue, just like the monthly
> price of a connection and how fast that is, etc.
>

Marketing drives cost down, not up. take a look at bandwidth charges now and
5 years ago.

If I was to sell a hosting service and wanted to beat the competition I
might say "email at only 10c per 10,000 or get your hosting here and we will
throw in free email!

if you have to "imagine" something perhaps you have not considered all
possibilities.

>
>  > Who polices that level. what about China who polices it there?
>
> Again, the market.
>

Perhaps I was not clear enough. I was talking about e-mail spewing out of
places like China.
Do you think they will stop it? and if they do a hundred other countries
will take it up.
do we wholesale block entire countries? Does that become censorship?


>  > I will start writing one as soon as e-postage looks inevitable!
>
> Yeah well you could also try setting up your own phone and postage
> systems and tell us how it works out.
>

Take a look at all the other p2p programs, e-mail could become irrelevant.
If you don't think a lone group of programmers can introduce such a system
look at the software you use everyday
especially open source, Linux and Apache are two prime examples.

To compare an e-mail style system with a bricks, mortar, hardware and
employee system is simply trying to fool the more gullible of us, there is
simply no comparison.

Furthermore the bricks and mortar and hardware are all in place. all you
need is the enthusiasm. add a fee to e-mail and overnight you create the
enthusiasm.

Many Many programmers would see such fees as an attack on the freedom of the
internet. an attempt by governments to shut down the free flow of
information under the GUISE of spam control.



> Who suggested $.20? Who suggested it'd be recipient-pays?
>
>  > And who pays for the duplicates we all receive?
>
> Who suggested it'd be recipient-pays?

I wasn't in general, but for a list such as this it is inevitable. does the
ASRG pay? of course not. For a list like this it must be recipient pays.

Who else would?



Regards
Chris



> -----Original Message-----
> From: asrg-admin@ietf.org [mailto:asrg-admin@ietf.org]On Behalf Of Barry
> Shein
> Sent: Thursday, 29 April 2004 6:34 AM
> To: Chris
> Cc: John Levine; asrg@ietf.org; william@elan.net
> Subject: RE: [Asrg] My take on e-postage
>
>
>
> Well, for starters I want to thank you for being brutally honest about
> the concerns regarding e-postage because I think what you say is
> behind every other criticism. That said...
>
> On April 28, 2004 at 14:07 asrg@rebel.com.au (Chris) wrote:
>  >
>  > An e-postage system would need to account for the every day person. why
>  > should they be charged for sending what is currently free?
>
> Because the current totally free system isn't working very well as
> evidenced by our convening here (that is, spam!)
>
> Unlimited free resources tend to get abused if there's some way to
> profit from that use. And that's about where we are right now.
>
>  > So if we take that into consideration what is the limit on the
> number of
>  > emails for free or charged 10,20 per day ?
>
> One would imagine it'd become a marketing issue, just like the monthly
> price of a connection and how fast that is, etc.
>
>  > Who polices that level. what about China who polices it there?
>
> Again, the market.
>
> As to China, this is probably the least of China's problems. Do we
> really think we can solve all of China's problems right here or should
> even take them into account?
>
> How about the fact that all the e-mail headers and SMTP etc not to
> mention the RFCs are in English? Don't you think that poses some
> disadvantage to the average Chinese person? How would you like it if
> all that were in Chinese?
>
> It's not somewhere we're really set up to go here.
>
>  > Ok set the level at zero. the average Joe will cop it sweet if
> it keeps spam
>  > out of their mail box.
>  >
>  > Does anyone here think e-mail will survive beyond a fee ?
>
> If the fee is reasonable, like zero for most common, personal usage,
> etc, yes.
>
>  > If so go ahead and introduce a fee. see how long it takes before an
>  > alternative becomes available.
>  >
>  > I will start writing one as soon as e-postage looks inevitable!
>
> Yeah well you could also try setting up your own phone and postage
> systems and tell us how it works out.
>
>  >
>  > Regards
>  > Chris
>  >
>  > P.S. How many of you would subscribe to this list if it was
> going to cost
>  > $0.20 every time
>
> Who suggested $.20? Who suggested it'd be recipient-pays?
>
>  > And who pays for the duplicates we all receive?
>
> Who suggested it'd be recipient-pays?
>
> --
>         -Barry Shein
>
> Software Tool & Die    | bzs@TheWorld.com           |
http://www.TheWorld.com
Purveyors to the Trade | Voice: 617-739-0202        | Login: 617-739-WRLD
The World              | Public Access Internet     | Since 1989     *oo*

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Subject: Re: [Asrg] E-postage/hashcash - the future
To: JC Dill <jcdill-asrg@vo.cnchost.com>
Cc: asrg@ietf.org, asrg-admin@ietf.org
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>>In any case, I do see your point, but was just trying to express my
opinion
>>as to what I think will happen if email is chargeable

>It's about as useful as expressing an opinion as to what will happen when
>cars run on water.

Well, thank you for suggesting my opinion was useless


>You have to look at the obstacles to making it happen.  Thinking about how

>nice it will be "when it happens" is a waste of time if it ain't never
>gonna happen.


I don't _have_ to do anything thank you!

I certainly was not suggesting a way to make the situation better, I
fully admit that, I simply I posted my opinion, which is based on what
_I_  think will happen next, regardless of which pay ' system' you plan to
introduce.


>The first obstacle to making it happen is getting the first 1/2 of the
mail
>clients/servers on the 'net to sign-on to whatever plan we propose and
>implementing the necessary changes first, before there is any hope of
>payoff.  The second obstacle is getting end users to agree to cut-off the
>last 1/2 of the mail clients/servers on the 'net (including aunt Sally
with
>her old win95 box that can't be upgraded to a newer message system) once
>"critical mass" has been achieved, to force all the older clients/servers
>to upgrade or die so that the new system has 100% of the message traffic
on
>the 'net.  Both of these are *big* obstacles, and adding ePostage ON TOP
OF
>THIS makes it considerably harder because we add a complicated payment
>scheme on top of a complicated system upgrade.



The only way to stop spam is at the delivery point.
The certificates and/or payment schemes need to be a ISP
level, not at the user level.  The user should not be involved at all.
In my opinion this is an industry problem, not a
problem than needs any action by the user.

>If it were easy it would have happened already by now.  And we would all
be
>driving cars powered by water.

Please, please, please stop using cheesy analogies.  There are already cars
that use
water for fuel.  The reason they are not released for the general public
may not be obvious to you.






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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: the e-postage argument
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mathew <meta@pobox.com> wrote:
> On Apr 22, 2004, at 23:07, Seth Breidbart wrote:
>> mathew <meta@pobox.com> wrote:
>>> On Apr 21, 2004, at 21:21, Seth Breidbart quoted someone:
>>>>> How come SSL certificates in HTTPS transactions can work? Aren't 
>>>>> they
>>>>> reasonably analogous?
>>>> No; anybody can generate one.  Somebody who wanted billions of valid
>>>> ones could just spend a little CPU time.
>>> No, it doesn't work like that. If it did, SSL would be useless.
>> No, SSL encrypts.
>
> SSL with certificates can also authenticate, and that's the kind of 
> functionality that's needed for e-postage.

It _can_, but it doesn't for https necessarily.

>>> Sure, I can generate a self-signed SSL certificate, but that's not
>>> going to get me anywhere.
>> It does for a number of stores I shop at.
>> After all, what value does having a certificate signed by Verisign
>> actually provide?
>
> It provides assurance that the system you are connecting to is one 
> approved by Verisign.

And what value is "approval by Verisign"?  Aren't they the company
that once generated a bogus Microsoft certificate?

How much effort do they put into validating anyone who tries to buy a
certificate?

> So, what value does e-postage signed by Verisign have? Well, it might 
> hypothetically have the value that Verisign will redeem it for cash.

How do you prevent re-use?  Every recipient would have to query
Verisign immediately before accepting the email.  Do you really think
they could handle it?

> Now, I notice you deleted my challenge, so let me re-state it. If you 
> think SSL certificates are worthless and easily bypassed, let's see you 
> generate one which my browser will accept without throwing up a warning 
> that it's bogus.

Why should I bother?

>>> Ask yourself why phishing sites don't use SSL.
>> Why should they bother?  Would it increase their success ratio?
>
> It would if they could get the certificate to be accepted without any 
> warning, the connection to show as secure, and the certificate to state 
> that they really are the institution they're pretending to be. If they 
> could do that, they might fool people like me. But they can't, which is 
> the entire point.

Sure they could.  That's why they register domains that sort of look
like the company they're phishing.  Look at, for instance,
ebaysecurity.com; do you really think ebay registered a domain using
"freeservers.com"?

Seth

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"Bill Mcinnis" <bill.mcinnis@messagelevel.com> wrote:

> Regardless of which route you go, you need to 
> establish some sort of message level info in a queryable form,
> something will need to keep track of who sent what, from where.
> Once you have set that up, why not just use that check to validate
> if a message came from where it said it did, by going back to the
> purported originating system and see if they have the origination
> record.

So why can't the spammer-controlled box lie about that (or, actually,
tell the truth)?  Some spamware uses the DNS or rDNS of the box it
runs on as its HELO string even now.

Seth

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Subject: Re: [Asrg] My take on e-postage
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On April 29, 2004 at 11:14 asrg@rebel.com.au (Chris) wrote:
 > in reply
 > 
 > >
 > >  > So if we take that into consideration what is the limit on the
 > >  > number of
 > >  > emails for free or charged 10,20 per day ?
 > >
 > > One would imagine it'd become a marketing issue, just like the monthly
 > > price of a connection and how fast that is, etc.
 > >
 > 
 > Marketing drives cost down, not up. take a look at bandwidth charges now and
 > 5 years ago.

(Just to be picky, by "costs" you mean "prices", right?)

Well, if you said "in the case of bandwidth marketing drove the prices
down, not up" perhaps I'd agree, but I'd be hard-put to agree that's
some sort of universal principle, that it always drives prices down.

For example, in the case of MS their aggressive marketing gave them
enough of an effective monopoly in some software areas that they could
raise prices (and costs.) That's not too obscure an example is it?

 > If I was to sell a hosting service and wanted to beat the competition I
 > might say "email at only 10c per 10,000 or get your hosting here and we will
 > throw in free email!

Unless there were costs, something akin to settlement, where you had
to pay for the amount of email that flowed through your system and,
presumably, somehow pass those costs on to your customers.

Obviously if we're giving away free stamps then it ultimately doesn't
matter much what stamp you stick on something, may as well print your
own.

 > >  > Who polices that level. what about China who polices it there?
 > >
 > > Again, the market.
 > >
 > 
 > Perhaps I was not clear enough. I was talking about e-mail spewing out of
 > places like China.
 > Do you think they will stop it? and if they do a hundred other countries
 > will take it up.
 > do we wholesale block entire countries? Does that become censorship?

Well, it'd certainly be reasonable, after some transition period, to
only accept e-mail with a valid e-postage stamp.

Is that censorship? I dunno. Is forcing them to use SMTP censorship?

 > 
 > >  > I will start writing one as soon as e-postage looks inevitable!
 > >
 > > Yeah well you could also try setting up your own phone and postage
 > > systems and tell us how it works out.
 > >
 > 
 > Take a look at all the other p2p programs, e-mail could become irrelevant.

If we could start by re-inventing the entire e-mail system from
scratch then I don't think solving the spam problem is all that
difficult.

I believe most everyone agrees with that.

But you've got this little problem like a billion or two computers out
there who already do e-mail this way, and firewalls and corporate
policies and routers and servers etc.

One nice thing about e-postage is that it could, in theory, be slipped
right w/o particularly interfering with end-users. For example, for an
entire corp it could be done at the edge server, or at the ISP by some
agreement.

It's not unique in that regard, but it's useful to keep in mind that
this is a very important kind of quality for a proposed solution.

 > If you don't think a lone group of programmers can introduce such a system
 > look at the software you use everyday
 > especially open source, Linux and Apache are two prime examples.

No problem with that.

Um, what are they gonna do when they're flooded with spam through this
new system?

How does painting the car yellow make it run faster? etc.

 > To compare an e-mail style system with a bricks, mortar, hardware and
 > employee system is simply trying to fool the more gullible of us, there is
 > simply no comparison.
 > 
 > Furthermore the bricks and mortar and hardware are all in place. all you
 > need is the enthusiasm. add a fee to e-mail and overnight you create the
 > enthusiasm.
 > 
 > Many Many programmers would see such fees as an attack on the freedom of the
 > internet. an attempt by governments to shut down the free flow of
 > information under the GUISE of spam control.

You do understand the difference between free as in beer and free as
in speech, right?

Does having to affix postage to your letters constitute an
infringement on your freedom?

 > 
 > 
 > > Who suggested $.20? Who suggested it'd be recipient-pays?
 > >
 > >  > And who pays for the duplicates we all receive?
 > >
 > > Who suggested it'd be recipient-pays?
 > 
 > I wasn't in general, but for a list such as this it is inevitable. does the
 > ASRG pay? of course not. For a list like this it must be recipient pays.
 > 
 > Who else would?

The sender?

-- 
        -Barry Shein

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Then I would suggest not designing the it like that.

Why is there this prevalent belief that if one doesn't like an
approach, for some other reason, the right thing to do is to propose a
really bad design for it and then assert that those design flaws make
the original idea untenable?

I can't imagine, for example, anyone ever having approved the original
DNS proposals if this were the atmosphere. And that was back in, what,
1983? Imagine! A series of query-response transactions down through a
tree of hosts just to map a host name to an IP number! Couldn't ever
work! Do you have any idea how many host names, between mail and ftp
and everything else people do, are looked up *per second*?! etc etc
etc.

Anyhow, does anyone else see how futile it is if a proposal is
immediately jumped on with "Too many computrons!!!", unless there's
something terribly inherent to the proposal, like you have to break a
significant crypto code to send mail? I don't think mere
recordkeeping, authorization, etc qualifies as a priori sort of too
many computrons.



On April 28, 2004 at 15:35 rogerk@queernet.org (Roger B.A. Klorese ) wrote:
 > Barry Shein wrote:
 > 
 > >E-mail transactions, philip, that was the original assertion I was
 > >responding to, not my assertion. What you are responding to is
 > >anybody's guess.
 > >  
 > >
 > 
 > 
 > The idea, Barry, is that the business transaction (as in database and 
 > application interaction -- you know, what 99% of the IT world thiks of 
 > when you say "transaction") that is needed to support postage is likely 
 > to be much heavier-weight than the protocol interaction that is required 
 > to deliver the message itself.

-- 
        -Barry Shein

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On April 29, 2004 at 13:25 john.oppler@gm.com (john.oppler@gm.com) wrote:
 > Please, please, please stop using cheesy analogies.  There are already cars
 > that use
 > water for fuel.  The reason they are not released for the general public
 > may not be obvious to you.

Sure, because as fate would have it they're only available in Saudi
Arabia where gasoline is cheap and fresh water is very expensive.

       -b


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Subject: Re: [Asrg] E-postage/hashcash - the future
To: Barry Shein <bzs@world.std.com>
Cc: asrg@ietf.org, asrg-admin@ietf.org, JC Dill <jcdill-asrg@vo.cnchost.com>
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 > Please, please, please stop using cheesy analogies.  There are already
cars
 > that use
 > water for fuel.  The reason they are not released for the general public
 > may not be obvious to you.

>Sure, because as fate would have it they're only available in Saudi
>Arabia where gasoline is cheap and fresh water is very expensive

Still cheesy, but at least funny and insightful, thanks

John



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Subject: Re: [Asrg] E-postage/hashcash - the future
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At 07:25 PM 4/28/2004, john.oppler@gm.com wrote:

> >>In any case, I do see your point, but was just trying to express my
> >>opinion as to what I think will happen if email is chargeable
>
> >It's about as useful as expressing an opinion as to what will happen when
> >cars run on water.
>
>Well, thank you for suggesting my opinion was useless

Those are your words, not mine.

> >You have to look at the obstacles to making it happen.  Thinking about how
> >nice it will be "when it happens" is a waste of time if it ain't never
> >gonna happen.
>
>I don't _have_ to do anything thank you!
>
>I certainly was not suggesting a way to make the situation better,

Well, the topic of this mailing list is to RESEARCH ANTI-SPAM 
solutions.  If you aren't going to suggest ways to make the situation 
better, perhaps there are other lists that would be better places for your 
musings.

>I fully admit that, I simply I posted my opinion, which is based on what
>_I_  think will happen next, regardless of which pay ' system' you plan to
>introduce.

I don't plan to introduce any "pay system" because I don't think they will 
be adopted enough to become successful.  These proposals are too cumbersome 
and rely on centralized systems.  We will never get widespread adoption 
when decentralized and simple solutions are available.

For instance, the only reason iTunes is successful instead of Napster is 
because most of the content on Napster is/was protected by copyright, one 
can't legally exchange copyright protected songs or software via 
Napster.  Take away the legal restrictions, and the Napster model is 
clearly superior to the iTunes model which is why the free market created 
Napster when the RIAA refused to create a system for delivering songs over 
the Internet.  Instead of songs we have messages, and you see why people 
want a free system to exchange messages.

> >The first obstacle to making it happen is getting the first 1/2 of the mail
> >clients/servers on the 'net to sign-on to whatever plan we propose and
> >implementing the necessary changes first, before there is any hope of
> >payoff.  The second obstacle is getting end users to agree to cut-off the
> >last 1/2 of the mail clients/servers on the 'net (including aunt Sally with
> >her old win95 box that can't be upgraded to a newer message system) once
> >"critical mass" has been achieved, to force all the older clients/servers
> >to upgrade or die so that the new system has 100% of the message traffic on
> >the 'net.  Both of these are *big* obstacles, and adding ePostage ON TOP OF
> >THIS makes it considerably harder because we add a complicated payment
> >scheme on top of a complicated system upgrade.
>
>The only way to stop spam is at the delivery point.

If 100% of the spam that was injected into the system got 99% of the way to 
the recipient and then was dropped on the floor, it would still stop 100% 
of the spam.  Yes, this is more *costly* than stopping it at the delivery 
point, but it is still EFFECTIVE.  You can't ignore other solutions just 
because they aren't your preferred solution.

This is why filtering is one model that is presently economically 
effective, people are paying Brightmail and Postini etc. to filter out spam 
and deliver the non-spam.

>The certificates and/or payment schemes need to be a ISP
>level, not at the user level.  The user should not be involved at all.

That is but one solution, but by no means the only solution.  It might be 
the best solution, or the worst solution.  You have to look at the problems 
with implementing your proposed solution, and with the alternatives, before 
you can tell if this is the best solution and if it's likely to succeed.

>In my opinion this is an industry problem, not a
>problem than needs any action by the user.

You are aware that most spam today is being sent by "the user" 
right?  (Trojan-infected zombie computers on broadband.)

> >If it were easy it would have happened already by now.  And we would all be
> >driving cars powered by water.
>
>Please, please, please stop using cheesy analogies.  There are already cars
>that use water for fuel.  The reason they are not released for the general 
>public
>may not be obvious to you.

If it were easy, and cheap, they would be out there.  The fact that they 
aren't means that it isn't easy and cheap.

The spam problem is a difficult one to solve.  I've been actively fighting 
it for 7 years now, and I've seen the problems we have had with getting 
much simpler solutions put into place:

1)  Open relays still exist, open proxies followed and are abundant.
2)  Pink contracts were frequently written to sell to spammers, now they 
simply get IP offshore and the networks sell international lines to the 
offshore networks, having a "hands off" method of continuing to get the 
revenue.
3)  UDP-type action against networks that sell to spammers has been 
ineffective because too many really large networks are selling with the 
above "hands off" methods.
4)  DDoSs and lawsuits against BL sites.
5)  Domain registrars sell domains to spammers, DNS providers sell DNS 
services, offshore hosts host the spamvertized sites, etc.
6)  Trojans trick end users into installing zombie software so spammers can 
spam from millions of end user locations.
7)  Etc.

Anti-spam forces have tried one by one to stop each of these problems as 
they developed, without much success.  Numerous proposed solutions for 
fixing many of these prior problems were suggested, all MUCH simpler to 
implement than the ePostage scheme, yet they were not widely adopted or 
implemented and all of these problems continue today.

BTW, I have a Millicent coin in my drawer from ~1996 when Digital Equipment 
Corp (DEC, remember them?  They created AltaVista...) thought that 
micropayments would be the way everyone would pay for web content.

<http://seminars.seyboldreports.com/1997_san_francisco/EditorsAnalysis/IP020312.HTM>

Do you see anyone paying for web content today?  How much have you paid in 
micropayments for content today?  This week?  This month?  This year?  How 
much has your ISP paid on your behalf and then bundled the charge into your 
ISP bill?  Zero, zip, zilch, nothing, nada, not one single red cent?  Then 
why do you suddenly think that a payment system for email will be adopted 
when one for web content (which cost billions of dollars to produce) hasn't 
been adopted?

Come up with a convincing argument for why the entire Internet should and 
will adopt a complicated ePostage payment system to replace today's present 
simple and free email system when we can't even get widespread adoption of 
a free existing system that produces an end-to-end audit trail 
(authenticated SMTP between client and server and between all servers) of 
all email messages thru the net.

jc

p.s.  please don't send me cc's of your replies.  reply to me, or to the 
list, as you prefer.  But not both.


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At 29/4/2004 00:46 Thursday, you wrote:
>For instance, the only reason iTunes is successful instead of Napster is 
>because most of the content on Napster is/was protected by copyright, one 
>can't legally exchange copyright protected songs or software via 
>Napster.  Take away the legal restrictions, and the Napster model is 
>clearly superior to the iTunes model which is why the free market created 
>Napster when the RIAA refused to create a system for delivering songs over 
>the Internet.  Instead of songs we have messages, and you see why people 
>want a free system to exchange messages.

Well, then your analogy raises the question, will people accept pay mail 
system over "free" mail systems when it is 100% spam free, always, forever? 
It doesnt have the same legal consequences, yet still its intriguing 
because of its benefit.

Andreas 


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Subject: Re: [Asrg] E-postage/hashcash - the future
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Just for the sake of clarification as my original message seems to have
been misinterpreted.

All I was saying was that _if_ a payment system of any kind was introduced
it would certainly stop
the spam that is a plague today.  What I warned was that if this is the
course that is followed then a new scourge
would quickly follow.  That scourge would be similar to the junk paper mail
we now receive, sent by legitimate businesses

That's all my initial message concerned.

Since then I now find I am being attacked and insulted for just having that
opinion.

I will just go back to lurking I think as some of you are just not
interested in any new discussion.

Cheers


John





> >>In any case, I do see your point, but was just trying to express my
> >>opinion as to what I think will happen if email is chargeable
>
> >It's about as useful as expressing an opinion as to what will happen
when
> >cars run on water.
>
>Well, thank you for suggesting my opinion was useless

Those are your words, not mine.

> >You have to look at the obstacles to making it happen.  Thinking about
how
> >nice it will be "when it happens" is a waste of time if it ain't never
> >gonna happen.
>
>I don't _have_ to do anything thank you!
>
>I certainly was not suggesting a way to make the situation better,

Well, the topic of this mailing list is to RESEARCH ANTI-SPAM
solutions.  If you aren't going to suggest ways to make the situation
better, perhaps there are other lists that would be better places for your
musings.

>I fully admit that, I simply I posted my opinion, which is based on what
>_I_  think will happen next, regardless of which pay ' system' you plan to
>introduce.

I don't plan to introduce any "pay system" because I don't think they will
be adopted enough to become successful.  These proposals are too cumbersome

and rely on centralized systems.  We will never get widespread adoption
when decentralized and simple solutions are available.

For instance, the only reason iTunes is successful instead of Napster is
because most of the content on Napster is/was protected by copyright, one
can't legally exchange copyright protected songs or software via
Napster.  Take away the legal restrictions, and the Napster model is
clearly superior to the iTunes model which is why the free market created
Napster when the RIAA refused to create a system for delivering songs over
the Internet.  Instead of songs we have messages, and you see why people
want a free system to exchange messages.

> >The first obstacle to making it happen is getting the first 1/2 of the
mail
> >clients/servers on the 'net to sign-on to whatever plan we propose and
> >implementing the necessary changes first, before there is any hope of
> >payoff.  The second obstacle is getting end users to agree to cut-off
the
> >last 1/2 of the mail clients/servers on the 'net (including aunt Sally
with
> >her old win95 box that can't be upgraded to a newer message system) once
> >"critical mass" has been achieved, to force all the older
clients/servers
> >to upgrade or die so that the new system has 100% of the message traffic
on
> >the 'net.  Both of these are *big* obstacles, and adding ePostage ON TOP
OF
> >THIS makes it considerably harder because we add a complicated payment
> >scheme on top of a complicated system upgrade.
>
>The only way to stop spam is at the delivery point.

If 100% of the spam that was injected into the system got 99% of the way to

the recipient and then was dropped on the floor, it would still stop 100%
of the spam.  Yes, this is more *costly* than stopping it at the delivery
point, but it is still EFFECTIVE.  You can't ignore other solutions just
because they aren't your preferred solution.

This is why filtering is one model that is presently economically
effective, people are paying Brightmail and Postini etc. to filter out spam

and deliver the non-spam.

>The certificates and/or payment schemes need to be a ISP
>level, not at the user level.  The user should not be involved at all.

That is but one solution, but by no means the only solution.  It might be
the best solution, or the worst solution.  You have to look at the problems

with implementing your proposed solution, and with the alternatives, before

you can tell if this is the best solution and if it's likely to succeed.

>In my opinion this is an industry problem, not a
>problem than needs any action by the user.

You are aware that most spam today is being sent by "the user"
right?  (Trojan-infected zombie computers on broadband.)

> >If it were easy it would have happened already by now.  And we would all
be
> >driving cars powered by water.
>
>Please, please, please stop using cheesy analogies.  There are already
cars
>that use water for fuel.  The reason they are not released for the general

>public
>may not be obvious to you.

If it were easy, and cheap, they would be out there.  The fact that they
aren't means that it isn't easy and cheap.

The spam problem is a difficult one to solve.  I've been actively fighting
it for 7 years now, and I've seen the problems we have had with getting
much simpler solutions put into place:

1)  Open relays still exist, open proxies followed and are abundant.
2)  Pink contracts were frequently written to sell to spammers, now they
simply get IP offshore and the networks sell international lines to the
offshore networks, having a "hands off" method of continuing to get the
revenue.
3)  UDP-type action against networks that sell to spammers has been
ineffective because too many really large networks are selling with the
above "hands off" methods.
4)  DDoSs and lawsuits against BL sites.
5)  Domain registrars sell domains to spammers, DNS providers sell DNS
services, offshore hosts host the spamvertized sites, etc.
6)  Trojans trick end users into installing zombie software so spammers can

spam from millions of end user locations.
7)  Etc.

Anti-spam forces have tried one by one to stop each of these problems as
they developed, without much success.  Numerous proposed solutions for
fixing many of these prior problems were suggested, all MUCH simpler to
implement than the ePostage scheme, yet they were not widely adopted or
implemented and all of these problems continue today.

BTW, I have a Millicent coin in my drawer from ~1996 when Digital Equipment

Corp (DEC, remember them?  They created AltaVista...) thought that
micropayments would be the way everyone would pay for web content.

<
http://seminars.seyboldreports.com/1997_san_francisco/EditorsAnalysis/IP020312.HTM
>

Do you see anyone paying for web content today?  How much have you paid in
micropayments for content today?  This week?  This month?  This year?  How
much has your ISP paid on your behalf and then bundled the charge into your

ISP bill?  Zero, zip, zilch, nothing, nada, not one single red cent?  Then
why do you suddenly think that a payment system for email will be adopted
when one for web content (which cost billions of dollars to produce) hasn't

been adopted?

Come up with a convincing argument for why the entire Internet should and
will adopt a complicated ePostage payment system to replace today's present

simple and free email system when we can't even get widespread adoption of
a free existing system that produces an end-to-end audit trail
(authenticated SMTP between client and server and between all servers) of
all email messages thru the net.

jc

p.s.  please don't send me cc's of your replies.  reply to me, or to the
list, as you prefer.  But not both.





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From: "Chris" <asrg@rebel.com.au>
To: "Barry Shein" <bzs@world.std.com>
Cc: "John Levine" <asrg@johnlevine.com>, <asrg@ietf.org>, <william@elan.net>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] My take on e-postage
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> (Just to be picky, by "costs" you mean "prices", right?)

just to be equally picky outside of a monopoly, prices follow costs.

>
> For example, in the case of MS their aggressive marketing gave them
> enough of an effective monopoly in some software areas that they could
> raise prices (and costs.) That's not too obscure an example is it?
>

So you are proposing a monopoly to control pricing? Where are the market
forces you spoke of previously, you cannot have it both ways.

>  > do we wholesale block entire countries? Does that become censorship?
>
> Well, it'd certainly be reasonable, after some transition period, to
> only accept e-mail with a valid e-postage stamp.
>

well if we are going to implement that sort of infrastructure then why not
just identify the sender with a digest of some sort why make it a "cost"
item

> If we could start by re-inventing the entire e-mail system from
> scratch then I don't think solving the spam problem is all that
> difficult.
>
> I believe most everyone agrees with that.

Yes

>
> But you've got this little problem like a billion or two computers out
> there who already do e-mail this way, and firewalls and corporate
> policies and routers and servers etc.

Billions? one or two in five for every head of the population. more
exageration I'd say

>
> One nice thing about e-postage is that it could, in theory, be slipped
> right w/o particularly interfering with end-users. For example, for an
> entire corp it could be done at the edge server, or at the ISP by some
> agreement.
>

Isnt that re-inventing the mail system.
admittedly not for the "billions" of end users but the same goes for every
other system

>  > Many Many programmers would see such fees as an attack on the
> freedom of the
>  > internet. an attempt by governments to shut down the free flow of
>  > information under the GUISE of spam control.
>
> You do understand the difference between free as in beer and free as
> in speech, right?
>

any implementation of a charge would be considered as an impediment to free
speech.
I didn't say it had to make sense. But I can assure you many people would
think this way.

its more about resistance to change.

>
> Um, what are they gonna do when they're flooded with spam through this
> new system?
>
> How does painting the car yellow make it run faster? etc.
>

perhaps the new software would be designed to eliminate spam
See your own comments above.
(Red is the faster colour by the way)


>  > I wasn't in general, but for a list such as this it is
> inevitable. does the
>  > ASRG pay? of course not. For a list like this it must be
> recipient pays.
>  >
>  > Who else would?
>
> The sender?

the sender *is* the ASRG or at least the list manager

I send one email, the ASRG then distributes it to all recipients.

Are you saying I should attach an open cheque to my email and say "charge
this with as many recipients as you have on the list"?

or perhaps you are saying that one charge one email regardless of the number
of recipients?

There is a slight flaw there.

Regards
Chris




> -----Original Message-----
> From: Barry Shein [mailto:bzs@world.std.com]
> Sent: Thursday, 29 April 2004 12:33 PM
> To: Chris
> Cc: Barry Shein; John Levine; asrg@ietf.org; william@elan.net
> Subject: Re: [Asrg] My take on e-postage
>
>
>
> On April 29, 2004 at 11:14 asrg@rebel.com.au (Chris) wrote:
>  > in reply
>  >
>  > >
>  > >  > So if we take that into consideration what is the limit on the
>  > >  > number of
>  > >  > emails for free or charged 10,20 per day ?
>  > >
>  > > One would imagine it'd become a marketing issue, just like
> the monthly
>  > > price of a connection and how fast that is, etc.
>  > >
>  >
>  > Marketing drives cost down, not up. take a look at bandwidth
> charges now and
>  > 5 years ago.
>
> (Just to be picky, by "costs" you mean "prices", right?)
>
> Well, if you said "in the case of bandwidth marketing drove the prices
> down, not up" perhaps I'd agree, but I'd be hard-put to agree that's
> some sort of universal principle, that it always drives prices down.
>
> For example, in the case of MS their aggressive marketing gave them
> enough of an effective monopoly in some software areas that they could
> raise prices (and costs.) That's not too obscure an example is it?
>
>  > If I was to sell a hosting service and wanted to beat the competition I
>  > might say "email at only 10c per 10,000 or get your hosting
> here and we will
>  > throw in free email!
>
> Unless there were costs, something akin to settlement, where you had
> to pay for the amount of email that flowed through your system and,
> presumably, somehow pass those costs on to your customers.
>
> Obviously if we're giving away free stamps then it ultimately doesn't
> matter much what stamp you stick on something, may as well print your
> own.
>
>  > >  > Who polices that level. what about China who polices it there?
>  > >
>  > > Again, the market.
>  > >
>  >
>  > Perhaps I was not clear enough. I was talking about e-mail
> spewing out of
>  > places like China.
>  > Do you think they will stop it? and if they do a hundred other
> countries
>  > will take it up.
>  > do we wholesale block entire countries? Does that become censorship?
>
> Well, it'd certainly be reasonable, after some transition period, to
> only accept e-mail with a valid e-postage stamp.
>
> Is that censorship? I dunno. Is forcing them to use SMTP censorship?
>
>  >
>  > >  > I will start writing one as soon as e-postage looks inevitable!
>  > >
>  > > Yeah well you could also try setting up your own phone and postage
>  > > systems and tell us how it works out.
>  > >
>  >
>  > Take a look at all the other p2p programs, e-mail could become
> irrelevant.
>
> If we could start by re-inventing the entire e-mail system from
> scratch then I don't think solving the spam problem is all that
> difficult.
>
> I believe most everyone agrees with that.
>
> But you've got this little problem like a billion or two computers out
> there who already do e-mail this way, and firewalls and corporate
> policies and routers and servers etc.
>
> One nice thing about e-postage is that it could, in theory, be slipped
> right w/o particularly interfering with end-users. For example, for an
> entire corp it could be done at the edge server, or at the ISP by some
> agreement.
>
> It's not unique in that regard, but it's useful to keep in mind that
> this is a very important kind of quality for a proposed solution.
>
>  > If you don't think a lone group of programmers can introduce
> such a system
>  > look at the software you use everyday
>  > especially open source, Linux and Apache are two prime examples.
>
> No problem with that.
>
> Um, what are they gonna do when they're flooded with spam through this
> new system?
>
> How does painting the car yellow make it run faster? etc.
>
>  > To compare an e-mail style system with a bricks, mortar, hardware and
>  > employee system is simply trying to fool the more gullible of
> us, there is
>  > simply no comparison.
>  >
>  > Furthermore the bricks and mortar and hardware are all in
> place. all you
>  > need is the enthusiasm. add a fee to e-mail and overnight you
> create the
>  > enthusiasm.
>  >
>  > Many Many programmers would see such fees as an attack on the
> freedom of the
>  > internet. an attempt by governments to shut down the free flow of
>  > information under the GUISE of spam control.
>
> You do understand the difference between free as in beer and free as
> in speech, right?
>
> Does having to affix postage to your letters constitute an
> infringement on your freedom?
>
>  >
>  >
>  > > Who suggested $.20? Who suggested it'd be recipient-pays?
>  > >
>  > >  > And who pays for the duplicates we all receive?
>  > >
>  > > Who suggested it'd be recipient-pays?
>  >
>  > I wasn't in general, but for a list such as this it is
> inevitable. does the
>  > ASRG pay? of course not. For a list like this it must be
> recipient pays.
>  >
>  > Who else would?
>
> The sender?
>
> --
>         -Barry Shein
>
> Software Tool & Die    | bzs@TheWorld.com           |
http://www.TheWorld.com
Purveyors to the Trade | Voice: 617-739-0202        | Login: 617-739-WRLD
The World              | Public Access Internet     | Since 1989     *oo*


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From: Jonathan Morton <chromi@chromatix.demon.co.uk>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] HashCash
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> Hashcash and signatures are non-starters (or deserve to be) for the 
> simple and
> immutable reason that compromised spambot zombies will pump out large 
> numbers of
> hashcash-certified, signature-carrying spams.
>
> AGAIN, THIS DOES NOT SOLVE THE PROBLEM.  It only makes the system more
> complicated and expensive.

I don't buy this argument, because the "large numbers" of mail will be 
significantly smaller than the "massive numbers" we're seeing today.  
Instead of each zombie being limited only by it's pipe, it'll be 
limited by it's CPU, so the resource pool available to spammers will be 
orders of magnitude smaller than it is today.

Since when is that such a weak argument?

I added the idea of a simple signature because it's clear that PGP and 
S/MIME haven't taken off - so are they too complex and/or intrusive for 
Joe User?  We need *something* to whitelist against.  Each signature, 
incidentally, will be valuable only for the number of recipients who 
have whitelisted it, which for Joe User will normally be quite a small 
window.  The signature will not say anything about the contents of the 
message, merely where it's stamp came from.

Once a machine has been compromised, of course, it needs a new signing 
key after being cleaned up, but that's easy to arrange.

--------------------------------------------------------------
from:     Jonathan "Chromatix" Morton
mail:     chromi@chromatix.demon.co.uk
website:  http://www.chromatix.uklinux.net/
tagline:  The key to knowledge is not to rely on people to teach you it.


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From: "Chris" <asrg@rebel.com.au>
To: <john.oppler@gm.com>, <asrg@ietf.org>, <asrg-admin@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] E-postage/hashcash - the future
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>
> Since then I now find I am being attacked and insulted for just
> having that
> opinion.
>
> I will just go back to lurking I think as some of you are just not
> interested in any new discussion.
>

You are right, some people cannot stand having their views challenged

The internet is thought of as a level playing field. where the mighty and
the minor can stand shoulder to shoulder
e-postage delivers the internet back to the mighty (read rich) as you have
so rightly pointed out.

We must stop the abuse of e-mail by spammers without delivering what the
large corporations want.

Which is total control.

Those who are in the employ of large corporations will always rigorously
decry any suggestion that deviates from that plan

Regards
Chris



> -----Original Message-----
> From: asrg-admin@ietf.org [mailto:asrg-admin@ietf.org]On Behalf Of
> john.oppler@gm.com
> Sent: Thursday, 29 April 2004 1:59 PM
> To: asrg@ietf.org; asrg-admin@ietf.org
> Subject: Re: [Asrg] E-postage/hashcash - the future
>
>
>
> Just for the sake of clarification as my original message seems to have
> been misinterpreted.
>
> All I was saying was that _if_ a payment system of any kind was introduced
> it would certainly stop
> the spam that is a plague today.  What I warned was that if this is the
> course that is followed then a new scourge
> would quickly follow.  That scourge would be similar to the junk
> paper mail
> we now receive, sent by legitimate businesses
>
> That's all my initial message concerned.
>
> Since then I now find I am being attacked and insulted for just
> having that
> opinion.
>
> I will just go back to lurking I think as some of you are just not
> interested in any new discussion.
>
> Cheers
>
>
> John
>
>
>
>
>
> > >>In any case, I do see your point, but was just trying to express my
> > >>opinion as to what I think will happen if email is chargeable
> >
> > >It's about as useful as expressing an opinion as to what will happen
> when
> > >cars run on water.
> >
> >Well, thank you for suggesting my opinion was useless
>
> Those are your words, not mine.
>
> > >You have to look at the obstacles to making it happen.  Thinking about
> how
> > >nice it will be "when it happens" is a waste of time if it ain't never
> > >gonna happen.
> >
> >I don't _have_ to do anything thank you!
> >
> >I certainly was not suggesting a way to make the situation better,
>
> Well, the topic of this mailing list is to RESEARCH ANTI-SPAM
> solutions.  If you aren't going to suggest ways to make the situation
> better, perhaps there are other lists that would be better places for your
> musings.
>
> >I fully admit that, I simply I posted my opinion, which is based on what
> >_I_  think will happen next, regardless of which pay ' system'
> you plan to
> >introduce.
>
> I don't plan to introduce any "pay system" because I don't think they will
> be adopted enough to become successful.  These proposals are too
> cumbersome
>
> and rely on centralized systems.  We will never get widespread adoption
> when decentralized and simple solutions are available.
>
> For instance, the only reason iTunes is successful instead of Napster is
> because most of the content on Napster is/was protected by copyright, one
> can't legally exchange copyright protected songs or software via
> Napster.  Take away the legal restrictions, and the Napster model is
> clearly superior to the iTunes model which is why the free market created
> Napster when the RIAA refused to create a system for delivering songs over
> the Internet.  Instead of songs we have messages, and you see why people
> want a free system to exchange messages.
>
> > >The first obstacle to making it happen is getting the first 1/2 of the
> mail
> > >clients/servers on the 'net to sign-on to whatever plan we propose and
> > >implementing the necessary changes first, before there is any hope of
> > >payoff.  The second obstacle is getting end users to agree to cut-off
> the
> > >last 1/2 of the mail clients/servers on the 'net (including aunt Sally
> with
> > >her old win95 box that can't be upgraded to a newer message
> system) once
> > >"critical mass" has been achieved, to force all the older
> clients/servers
> > >to upgrade or die so that the new system has 100% of the
> message traffic
> on
> > >the 'net.  Both of these are *big* obstacles, and adding
> ePostage ON TOP
> OF
> > >THIS makes it considerably harder because we add a complicated payment
> > >scheme on top of a complicated system upgrade.
> >
> >The only way to stop spam is at the delivery point.
>
> If 100% of the spam that was injected into the system got 99% of
> the way to
>
> the recipient and then was dropped on the floor, it would still stop 100%
> of the spam.  Yes, this is more *costly* than stopping it at the delivery
> point, but it is still EFFECTIVE.  You can't ignore other solutions just
> because they aren't your preferred solution.
>
> This is why filtering is one model that is presently economically
> effective, people are paying Brightmail and Postini etc. to
> filter out spam
>
> and deliver the non-spam.
>
> >The certificates and/or payment schemes need to be a ISP
> >level, not at the user level.  The user should not be involved at all.
>
> That is but one solution, but by no means the only solution.  It might be
> the best solution, or the worst solution.  You have to look at
> the problems
>
> with implementing your proposed solution, and with the
> alternatives, before
>
> you can tell if this is the best solution and if it's likely to succeed.
>
> >In my opinion this is an industry problem, not a
> >problem than needs any action by the user.
>
> You are aware that most spam today is being sent by "the user"
> right?  (Trojan-infected zombie computers on broadband.)
>
> > >If it were easy it would have happened already by now.  And we
> would all
> be
> > >driving cars powered by water.
> >
> >Please, please, please stop using cheesy analogies.  There are already
> cars
> >that use water for fuel.  The reason they are not released for
> the general
>
> >public
> >may not be obvious to you.
>
> If it were easy, and cheap, they would be out there.  The fact that they
> aren't means that it isn't easy and cheap.
>
> The spam problem is a difficult one to solve.  I've been actively fighting
> it for 7 years now, and I've seen the problems we have had with getting
> much simpler solutions put into place:
>
> 1)  Open relays still exist, open proxies followed and are abundant.
> 2)  Pink contracts were frequently written to sell to spammers, now they
> simply get IP offshore and the networks sell international lines to the
> offshore networks, having a "hands off" method of continuing to get the
> revenue.
> 3)  UDP-type action against networks that sell to spammers has been
> ineffective because too many really large networks are selling with the
> above "hands off" methods.
> 4)  DDoSs and lawsuits against BL sites.
> 5)  Domain registrars sell domains to spammers, DNS providers sell DNS
> services, offshore hosts host the spamvertized sites, etc.
> 6)  Trojans trick end users into installing zombie software so
> spammers can
>
> spam from millions of end user locations.
> 7)  Etc.
>
> Anti-spam forces have tried one by one to stop each of these problems as
> they developed, without much success.  Numerous proposed solutions for
> fixing many of these prior problems were suggested, all MUCH simpler to
> implement than the ePostage scheme, yet they were not widely adopted or
> implemented and all of these problems continue today.
>
> BTW, I have a Millicent coin in my drawer from ~1996 when Digital
> Equipment
>
> Corp (DEC, remember them?  They created AltaVista...) thought that
> micropayments would be the way everyone would pay for web content.
>
> <
> http://seminars.seyboldreports.com/1997_san_francisco/EditorsAnaly
sis/IP020312.HTM
>

Do you see anyone paying for web content today?  How much have you paid in
micropayments for content today?  This week?  This month?  This year?  How
much has your ISP paid on your behalf and then bundled the charge into your

ISP bill?  Zero, zip, zilch, nothing, nada, not one single red cent?  Then
why do you suddenly think that a payment system for email will be adopted
when one for web content (which cost billions of dollars to produce) hasn't

been adopted?

Come up with a convincing argument for why the entire Internet should and
will adopt a complicated ePostage payment system to replace today's present

simple and free email system when we can't even get widespread adoption of
a free existing system that produces an end-to-end audit trail
(authenticated SMTP between client and server and between all servers) of
all email messages thru the net.

jc

p.s.  please don't send me cc's of your replies.  reply to me, or to the
list, as you prefer.  But not both.





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From: Jonathan Morton <chromi@chromatix.demon.co.uk>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] E-postage/hashcash - the future
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>> If it were easy it would have happened already by now.  And we would 
>> all be
>> driving cars powered by water.
>
> Please, please, please stop using cheesy analogies.  There are already 
> cars that use water for fuel.  The reason they are not released for 
> the general public may not be obvious to you.

Just for the record, please distinguish between cars that use water as 
a fuel, and those that use water merely as an agent or catalyst in a 
reaction powered from another source.  If you consider a hydrogen fuel 
cell to be "water power", then 18th-century steam carriages also count. 
  In both cases, the water isn't really the fuel.

--------------------------------------------------------------
from:     Jonathan "Chromatix" Morton
mail:     chromi@chromatix.demon.co.uk
website:  http://www.chromatix.uklinux.net/
tagline:  The key to knowledge is not to rely on people to teach you it.


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Subject: RE: [Asrg] E-postage/hashcash - the future
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>You are right, some people cannot stand having their views challenged

Oh, you were challenging my views.  My apologies then!


>The internet is thought of as a level playing field. where the mighty and
>the minor can stand shoulder to shoulder
>e-postage delivers the internet back to the mighty (read rich) as you have
>so rightly pointed out.

>We must stop the abuse of e-mail by spammers without delivering what the
>large corporations want.

>Which is total control.

>Those who are in the employ of large corporations will always rigorously
>decry any suggestion that deviates from that plan


Glad that you then agree with my opinion.

John



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Barry Shein wrote:

>Do you have any idea how many host names, between mail and ftp
>and everything else people do, are looked up *per second*?! 
>


Lookups are cheap.  Atomic multi-record updates are expensive.  DNS is 
99.99+% read-only.  Postage is heavily update-biased.

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Subject: Re: [Asrg] My take on e-postage
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Barry Shein <bzs@world.std.com> writes:
> On April 28, 2004 at 14:07 asrg@rebel.com.au (Chris) wrote:
>  > So if we take that into consideration what is the limit on the number of
>  > emails for free or charged 10,20 per day ?
>
> One would imagine it'd become a marketing issue, just like the monthly
> price of a connection and how fast that is, etc.

I don't think that this argument works.

We've got an activity (e-mail marketing) which is profitable
for individuals to engage in but produces a large negative
externality (principally the load on people's mailboxes and
the costs they bear to filter out the spam). The e-postage
solution is basically a Pigouvian tax on spamming, forcing
forcing the spammers to bear the cost externality rather than
letting them impose it on the rest of us.

Purely for the purpose of illustration, imagine we imposed
an actual tax on every e-mail sent. In order to discourage
spamming [0], each e-mail sender has to actually pay for
each message. Obviously, your ISP can pre-pay the tax
and then bundle it as part of your service, but someone
has to pay the tax. If not, it doesn't properly discourage
the activity.

In that respect, I don't think that e-postage is any different.

-Ekr

[0] Technically speaking, to have an efficiently level of spamming,
but I think most people expect that would be close to zero.

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From: "Chris" <asrg@rebel.com.au>
To: <john.oppler@GM.COM>, <asrg@ietf.org>, <asrg-admin@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] E-postage/hashcash - the future
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>
> >You are right, some people cannot stand having their views challenged
>
> Oh, you were challenging my views.  My apologies then!
>

You are on the defensive. the above was my first response to you.

I was saying that *you* were challenging *their* views.

Its very easy to go on the defensive and misinterpret someones intent. in
this (and other) discussion lists. especially when you are new. I know I did
as well.

I was pushing pulling (grin) and got slammed. but such is life. pull has as
many problems/faults as EVERY other method.

Because nothing is obviously perfect, there are plenty of people willing to
highlight the faults

We all do, you did. I just happen to agree with your slightly off center
view.

Regards
Chris


> -----Original Message-----
> From: asrg-admin@ietf.org [mailto:asrg-admin@ietf.org]On Behalf Of
> john.oppler@GM.COM
> Sent: Thursday, 29 April 2004 2:40 PM
> To: asrg@ietf.org; asrg-admin@ietf.org
> Subject: RE: [Asrg] E-postage/hashcash - the future
>
>
>
>
> >You are right, some people cannot stand having their views challenged
>
> Oh, you were challenging my views.  My apologies then!
>
>
> >The internet is thought of as a level playing field. where the mighty and
> >the minor can stand shoulder to shoulder
> >e-postage delivers the internet back to the mighty (read rich)
> as you have
> >so rightly pointed out.
>
> >We must stop the abuse of e-mail by spammers without delivering what the
> >large corporations want.
>
> >Which is total control.
>
> >Those who are in the employ of large corporations will always rigorously
> >decry any suggestion that deviates from that plan
>
>
> Glad that you then agree with my opinion.
>
> John
>
>
>
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg


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On Thu, 29 Apr 2004, Jonathan Morton <chromi@chromatix.demon.co.uk> wrote:
>> Hashcash and signatures are non-starters (or deserve to be) for the 
>> simple and
>> immutable reason that compromised spambot zombies will pump out large 
>> numbers of
>> hashcash-certified, signature-carrying spams.

>> AGAIN, THIS DOES NOT SOLVE THE PROBLEM.  It only makes the system more
>> complicated and expensive.

>I don't buy this argument, 

Hey, suit yourself.

>because the "large numbers" of mail will be 
>significantly smaller than the "massive numbers" we're seeing today.  

I don't think that's assured.

>Instead of each zombie being limited only by it's pipe, it'll be 
>limited by it's CPU, so the resource pool available to spammers will be 
>orders of magnitude smaller than it is today.

The statistics recently reported regarding spammer zombie recruitment pointed 
out that spammers tend to favor using more recently recruited zombies, since 
those are less likely to be filtered yet.  But as the "burst rate" of each 
zombie is reduced, it's likely to not be detected and filtered as quickly... so 
spammers might find that they can use each recruited zombie longer.

Anyhow, the rate of recruitment continues to accelerate.

I really don't believe that the solution to the spam problem involves making 
E-mail harder or more costly to send.  I think a much better solution involves 
making it (if unwanted) *far* less likely to actually be delivered... such that 
the spammer realizes that the effort is probably futile.

Likewise, we HAVE to work on cutting down the ease of zombie recruitment, and I 
believe that my attachments (and HTML!) permissions list idea (basically a 
fine-resolution whitelist) is a *major* step in the right direction there.

>Since when is that such a weak argument?

Well, maybe always, in part since it ignores the very legitimate needs of 
organizations like Yahoogroups and other major outbound mailers to send millions 
and millions of pieces of mail a day.

What determines whether a piece of E-mail is wanted or not (and whether it's 
spam or not) is NOT whether it got sent out in large quantities, or whether the 
sender paid or not to send it, or even who sent it out.  What determines whether 
it's spam or not is whether the RECIPIENT wants it and authorized the sender to 
send it to them, and whether the content of the mail is remotely like what the 
recipient(s) expect and want to receive from that sender.

>I added the idea of a simple signature because it's clear that PGP and 
>S/MIME haven't taken off - so are they too complex and/or intrusive for 
>Joe User?  We need *something* to whitelist against.  

Why do you think that it's not enough to simply use the E-mail characteristics 
(type of content, HTML classes used, type of attachments, size maybe) in 
combination with the sender and the list of permissions granted to that sender 
by the recipient?  And if you DO want something more, why is a "passcode" or 
something freely made available by the recipient (perhaps in large number of 
variant forms, so to make life difficult for address harvesters) and included in 
(say) the Subject or a special header line perhaps, not enough?

Again, do note that unanticipated/unwhitelisted E-mail (presuming that it does 
not include HTML or attachments, which would immediately t-can or at least 
reroute it, for example during the breakin period) would also need to be vetted 
by some kind of SpamAssassin-like antispam content filter prior to presentation 
to the addressee.

> Each signature, 
>incidentally, will be valuable only for the number of recipients who 
>have whitelisted it, which for Joe User will normally be quite a small 
>window.  

So what happens if they HAVE NOT whitelisted it?  I think that many (most if not 
all!) types of users NEED to have SOME kind of way to receive legitimate, 
unanticipated E-mails (consumer feedback to manufacturers, people responding to 
the business card they have from you, etc etc.)  Obviously they don't want those 
to be spam.  My solution to this is that those E-mails have to be plain ASCII 
text (and therefore _much_ more effectively content-filtered, and much less 
likely to contain malicious content).

>The signature will not say anything about the contents of the 
>message, merely where it's stamp came from.

Again, I think this is fairly useless because when it comes to spam/virus/worms, 
the CONTENT of the mail (in conjunction with who it came from, perhaps, and the 
express wishes of the recipient in that regard) is the ONLY thing which truly 
guarantees whether it's spam/virus/worm or not.

Signatures, like E-postage, SPF, and all these other schemes, are really 
solutions in search of a problem.  THAT is the REAL reason why PGP never caught 
on... it simply was too complicated and too much hassle to use it, and most 
people simply didn't think it was worth it.  To now try to pretend that each of 
these "pet solutions in search of a problem" is the key to the spam problem is 
like claiming that attacking Iraq is the key to the international war on 
terrorism... in each case, someone with a vested interest is trying to impose an 
agenda on the rest of the world that has nothing to do with the problem they're 
proposing it for, just because they're trying to twist strong concern over the 
problem into support for something else that's truly unrelated.

>Once a machine has been compromised, of course, it needs a new signing 
>key after being cleaned up, but that's easy to arrange.

I think my solution is better here, too.

If a machine is compromised and suddenly starts sending spam, the spam is most 
likely **immediately** blocked simply because it no longer "looks" like what the 
recipient expects to receive from the sender it's coming from.  Now it "looks" 
like spam.  You don't have to "arrange" anything new at all.

If I suddenly get an E-mail containing an executable attachment from one of the 
newsletters or Yahoogroups discussion lists I subscribe to, it's virtually 
GUARANTEED that it's bogus.  I could care less whether it's got an E-stamp on 
it, or has a "certificate", or whether the sender thought about it a long time 
before sending it, or anything else.  I can tell based on what it is and who it 
claims to be from that it doesn't look like what that person sends to me.  
Therefore, I don't want it.

If I get a message claiming to be from a newsletter company, and that I happen 
to know includes HTML formatting codes in their messages, if I suddenly find 
that it comes in and uses ActiveX or scripting, then that's clearly not within 
the purview of what I expect from that sender.

If I get an E-mail from my clueless Aunt Millie (millie@aol.com) I might expect 
it to have that stupid AOL-style formatting BS, and she might even send me a JPG 
now and again, but if suddenly I get a message from her containing a .PIF 
attchment or that contains HTML hyperlinks, or something like that, I can be 
pretty confident that my dear sweet aunt didn't originate it.

Or for that matter, maybe this is someone I gave a business card to on a cruise 
ship several years back and they're finally getting back to me about something 
they ran across that might be interesting.  I'm probably glad to hear from them, 
but if I'm out of town this week (maybe on a cruise again) and their (inept?) 
message is going to chew up 95% of my ISP-provided Inbox, then chances are 
pretty good that I'd rather not receive it and have the rest of my E-mails 
bounce all week long until I can get back.

Who really cares about signing keys, or certificates, or all these SPF-like mods 
to DNS which don't solve the problem, or E-postage and all the new opportunities 
for fraud, abuse, extra costs and hassles?  I sure don't.  All I'm concerned 
about is dumping spam in the trash so I don't have to deal with it.

I don't see any point of E-mailing back (to who?  AS IF there were a real return 
address!) and telling them what to do to get past my checks!!??  Riiiiiiiight.  
No, a big part of the whole key to this thing is that the legitimate senders 
know that their current behavior is acceptable (perhaps JUST!) and that they may 
run into problems if they stray too far from that standard (and different 
recipients may have set their filters and permissions standards for the same 
material VERY differently!).  Even if one of those familiar senders WERE to get 
zombie-ized, the fact that suddenly they're not behaving (SOMETIMES!) the way I 
expect them to behave is enough to cause the irregular mail to be zapped, EVEN 
THOUGH the real stuff they still occasionally send me legitimately will still 
sail through to me just the way it always has.

A spambot zombie probably won't be able to guess what the rules are to get mail 
through to given recipients, and just because the machine they've overtaken has 
lots of permissions... for SOME folks... won't help at all for e-mailing to 
other people, or for mailing (even to the SAME people!) different types of 
stuff.

AND for the case (the typical case) where the sender is only sending plain ASCII 
text, without attachments, then NO amount of HTML-obscured deviousness or 
scripted decryption or misrepresented hyperlinks or seductive ruses to try to 
get the recipient to decode and launch some evil attachment is going to get the 
spam or virus or worm stuff past my permissions list.  It's simply as futile as 
arguing with a vending machine about the change it gave you (or didn't).  Those 
bogus things simply disappear down a black hole, giving the spambot (or the 
spammer controlling it) no indication at all about what it might more profitably 
try for the next time.

Gordon Peterson                  http://personal.terabites.com/
1977-2002  Twenty-fifth anniversary year of Local Area Networking!
Support free and fair US elections!  http://stickers.defend-democracy.org
12/19/98: Partisan Republicans scornfully ignore the voters they "represent".
12/09/00: the date the Republican Party took down democracy in America.



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From: John Levine <asrg@johnlevine.com>
To: asrg@ietf.org
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Organization: I.E.C.C., Trumansburg NY USA
Subject: [Asrg] E-postage from first principles
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What's the point of e-postage?  All the e-mail systems I know would
have no trouble handling their incoming mail if they only got mail
that their users wanted, even with a little unwanted mixed in.  This
tells me that the goal of e-postage is some combination of
compensating recipients and deterring or at least rate limiting
senders.

If you're going to compensate recipients, you either need a single
central post office (or a cartel of post offices that trust each
other, which amounts to the same thing), or else you need settlements
to get the money from the sender's stamp provider to the recipient's.

We presumably agree that we don't want a central post office to meter
the mail as it's injected into the system.  I have a pretty good idea
of what it would cost to build a transaction infrastructure big enough
to count the stamps to get the raw data needed for settlements, which
tells me that settlements aren't going to happen, either.

So let's think about rate limiting or deterring senders.  Perhaps I'm
suffering from a failure of imagination, but I don't see useful rate
limiting without some cooperation from the recipients.  This is for
two reasons: one is that recipients don't want to rate limit the mail
they want, and the other is that without some way for the recipients
to audit the rate limiting, naughty senders will lie and claim they're
rate limiting when they aren't.

There's a minor exception here to the cooperation rule for for ISPs
and their customers.  If I were an ISP, I would rate limit my
customers' outgoing mail since anyone who sends a whole lot of mail
and hasn't told me they're running mailing lists is a zombie.
Although I can imagine various ways to rate limit by charging by the
message, it seems a lot easier and more effective to rate limit by
rate limiting, either slowing down senders or just firewalling them
until they fix their problem.  If you charge, you'll have trouble
collecting (credit card companies aren't thrilled about penalties
other than their own) and spammees won't find the fact that you made
extra money from the spam your users sent them very reassuring.

Receipient rate limiting might take the form of hashcash, although
that seems too easily circumvented so long as the bad guys have
zombies to do their hashing.  With better authentication, recipients
might be more able to count mail by sender and tell the overeager
senders to back off.  With agreements a la Bonded Sender, recipients
might demand consideration to accept mail from dubious sources, but
then you're back to a cartel or settlements to make the demands stick.

So where does this leave e-postage?  Other than as a clumsy way to get
people to fix their zombie machines, nowhere I can see.

Regards,
John Levine, johnl@taugh.com, Taughannock Networks, Trumansburg NY
http://www.taugh.com



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Subject: Re: [Asrg] HashCash
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>>> AGAIN, THIS DOES NOT SOLVE THE PROBLEM.  It only makes the system 
>>> more
>>> complicated and expensive.
>
>> I don't buy this argument,
>
> Hey, suit yourself.
>
>> because the "large numbers" of mail will be
>> significantly smaller than the "massive numbers" we're seeing today.
>
> I don't think that's assured.

Please justify this statement.  I've taken some numbers provided by a 
poster, and indicated the difference in the quantity of resources 
available - even assuming the spammers can use a significantly larger 
fraction of their zombie pool to make stamps than send mail.  I'll even 
summarise here:

At present, spammers use fresh zombies for an average of 4 days after 
infection - this pool is about 100,000 machines at present.

The total zombie pool is about 1,500,000 machines at present, depending 
who you ask and how they collected their data.  This is about 15x the 
number of active spewers.

Assumption:  It presently takes about 4000 times as long for a typical 
zombie (1.0GHz P6 or K7 class CPU with a 128Kbit DSL uplink) to mint a 
20-bit hashcash stamp as to send out an unstamped, 5KB mail.

Given that spammers can recruit the entire horsepower of their zombie 
army, compared to only a fraction of the bandwidth, this still marks a 
reduction in overall spamming capacity of about 200 times.  And this 
assumes the zombies' CPUs aren't being used for anything else, such as 
games.

> I really don't believe that the solution to the spam problem involves 
> making
> E-mail harder or more costly to send.  I think a much better solution 
> involves
> making it (if unwanted) *far* less likely to actually be delivered... 
> such that
> the spammer realizes that the effort is probably futile.
>
> Likewise, we HAVE to work on cutting down the ease of zombie 
> recruitment, and I
> believe that my attachments (and HTML!) permissions list idea 
> (basically a
> fine-resolution whitelist) is a *major* step in the right direction 
> there.

How is your proposal incompatible with mine?  I can't see any 
particular way.

Just for reference, I turned up the score for MICROSOFT_EXECUTABLE in 
my SpamAssassin filter long ago.  Now I don't get any of the usual 
viruses, but I get the encrypted ZIP archives instead.  I'm sure 
SpamAssassin could easily be modified to handle everything you propose 
- so why don't you talk to them instead of shooting me down all the 
time?

>> Since when is that such a weak argument?
>
> Well, maybe always, in part since it ignores the very legitimate needs 
> of
> organizations like Yahoogroups and other major outbound mailers to 
> send millions
> and millions of pieces of mail a day.

Did I say that every piece of mail needed a 20-bit hashcash stamp?  No, 
I said that whitelisted senders get to use smaller, even 
computationally trivial stamps.  Subscribing to a mailing list should 
include making a whitelist entry at each end of the transaction.

I also said, at some point, that if a message is addressed to a mailing 
list and the stamp matches the mailing list's address, then if the 
recipient is subscribed to the mailing list he should accept the stamp 
as valid.  This caters for listserv software that doesn't (yet) 
understand stamping, signatures and whitelists.

Here's my point, since you seem to have missed it up until now:  
Hashcash and signatures work in concert!  One covers some situations, 
the other covers the rest.  Please stop taking them in isolation to 
make straw men.

> What determines whether it's spam or not is whether the RECIPIENT 
> wants it and authorized the sender to send it to them, and whether the 
> content of the mail is remotely like what the recipient(s) expect and 
> want to receive from that sender.

Content filters only work to a point.  SpamAssassin actually has 
filters set up to detect most content-disguise mechanisms already - 
stuff like an excessive number of HTML tags, FONT COLOR="white", etc.  
Spam *still* gets past it occasionally.

As for whether the recipient authorised the sender...  without any 
widely deployed authentication mechanism, how do you avoid spoofing on 
the whitelist entries?

>> I added the idea of a simple signature because it's clear that PGP and
>> S/MIME haven't taken off - so are they too complex and/or intrusive 
>> for
>> Joe User?  We need *something* to whitelist against.
>
> Why do you think that it's not enough to simply use the E-mail 
> characteristics
> (type of content, HTML classes used, type of attachments, size maybe) 
> in
> combination with the sender and the list of permissions granted to 
> that sender
> by the recipient?

Because we already have that general type of filtering, and it isn't 
working well enough.

> And if you DO want something more, why is a "passcode" or
> something freely made available by the recipient (perhaps in large 
> number of
> variant forms, so to make life difficult for address harvesters) and 
> included in
> (say) the Subject or a special header line perhaps, not enough?

Because that's too much effort for most users - it's "intrusive".  I 
have seen people using it, but they're distinctly in the minority.

>> Each signature, incidentally, will be valuable only for the number of 
>> recipients who have whitelisted it, which for Joe User will normally 
>> be quite a small window.
>
> So what happens if they HAVE NOT whitelisted it?  I think that many 
> (most if not
> all!) types of users NEED to have SOME kind of way to receive 
> legitimate,
> unanticipated E-mails...

Then they mint hashcash for it.  It only takes a few seconds of CPU 
time for most people.  If they happen not to have the CPU resources 
available to do it themselves, they have the option of paying a third 
party to do it for them.

The signature is merely a way to bypass the CPU expenditure for regular 
correspondents - friends, family, regular business contacts, mailing 
list subscriptions, etc.  Nothing more.

> Who really cares about signing keys, or certificates, or all these 
> SPF-like mods
> to DNS which don't solve the problem, or E-postage and all the new 
> opportunities
> for fraud, abuse, extra costs and hassles?  I sure don't.  All I'm 
> concerned
> about is dumping spam in the trash so I don't have to deal with it.

Then implement your filter for yourself.  It sounds like something you 
can implement and gain benefits from on an individual basis, so you 
shouldn't really have any trouble with it.  If it works for you, come 
back and tell us about your experience.  But don't just pan everyone 
else's ideas while your own is still theory.

--------------------------------------------------------------
from:     Jonathan "Chromatix" Morton
mail:     chromi@chromatix.demon.co.uk
website:  http://www.chromatix.uklinux.net/
tagline:  The key to knowledge is not to rely on people to teach you it.


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Subject: Re: [Asrg] E-postage from first principles
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A good summary, John.

> Receipient rate limiting might take the form of hashcash, although
> that seems too easily circumvented so long as the bad guys have
> zombies to do their hashing.

This is a quantitative rather than qualitative argument against 
hashcash, which is easily answered by increasing the bit count demanded 
by the recipient, if it seems it's not having enough effect.  This is a 
measure that can be implemented by individual recipients who feel it 
necessary, rather than needing to be implemented unilaterally.

--------------------------------------------------------------
from:     Jonathan "Chromatix" Morton
mail:     chromi@chromatix.demon.co.uk
website:  http://www.chromatix.uklinux.net/
tagline:  The key to knowledge is not to rely on people to teach you it.


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To: "Barry Shein" <bzs@world.std.com>
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Subject: RE: [Asrg] My take on e-postage
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Barry Shein <bzs@world.std.com> wrote:

> Before 1989 you couldn't buy a connection to the internet unless you
> could show some bona-fide usage (defense contracting, and towards the
> very end of that era, being a university), and then if you were
> approved hook-up was basically free.

Strange. I was using the internet (the network interconnecting arpanet,
nfsnet, janet, and various other xxxnets) about the end of 1985 or beginning
of 1986 wearing neither a defence contractor nor a university hat.  The
universities were certainly in at the beginning of the period (via nfsnet
and other nets in the USA, janet in the UK, earnet in the UK and much of the
rest of Europe, and various other nets).  Connection was not free - you
needed a link to an node or gateway somewhere near you, and that link cost
money.  In the US, links  from your local net to the internet were typically
40.8kbits/sec (or some multiple), in Europe 48kbits/sec and 64kbits/sec and
multiples were both common); on both sides of the pond these links were
usually leased lines (although there were packet-switched paid by traffic
volume networks too, mostly left of the pond), and the various universities,
defence contractors, research institutes (both government and
non-government), and defence agencies paid the telecommunication providers a
pretty large sum for them.  Of course a University or a research institute
wouldn't charge its faculty members and research students for use in the
course of their work, any more than a defence contractor or a government
agency would charge its employess for use in the course of their work and
maybe that's what you mean when you claim it was free; but that's a bit like
saying that because I don't pay for the desk I sit at to do my work, or the
chair I sit on, or the office they are located in, the desk, chair, and
office are free when clearly they are not - my employer pays for them.  The
various agencies (Universities, research institutes, companies) which
provided the component networks on internet paid for the communication lines
forming those too.  They also paid for the (much faster) local networks
(typically 10Mbit/sec within a small group of buildings) but that of course
was much cheaper than the longer connections.

> When I first began getting the general public onto the net for merely
> having $20 to spend in 1989 yes, people raved that it was outrageous
> that what was previously free was now being charged for, where would
> this lead!?

I realy don't understand this.  You must have come across a bunch of idiots.
It had never been free.  Of course if you were offereing some outfit like a
university or a research agency or a defence contractor the opportunity to
pay $20 per employee in addition to paying for the communications
infrastructure needed to supply a decent high-speed connection they might
have though it a little outrageous.

> I think it all worked out mostly ok, regardless of the protestations
> of the demagogues who insisted that the net should be free and they
> alone should have the power to decide who gets access to that free
> resource.

Do you have any evidence (apart from your own assertion) that such
demagogues ever existed?  There was discussion and disputation about opening
up the internet to a wider community, because those who paid for the
expensive (and in those days they were very expensive) long distance links
like for example the transatlantic link between janet and nfsnet (with its
two ends at UKC and MIT in the early days, if I recall correctly) thought
that as they were paying they had the right to excercise some control over
use of the facility - particularly since bandwidth on those long links was
pretty limited and allowing everyone on would take bandwidth away from what
the links were intended for. So the argument was about who should get access
to resources paid for by agencies like NFS, SERC, CERN, DARPA, MoD, and so
on; those organisations most certainly did NOT regard their very expensive
communications capabilities as a "free resource" - and no-one but those
organisations had any effective say in the matter.

Tom


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From: Philip Miller <millenix@zemos.net>
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Subject: [Asrg] The utility of SPF/RMX/LMAP with Gordon's 'email ACLs' (was Re: HashCash)
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Gordon,
I'm just going to pick out a few little points here about how LMAP is
complementary to your permissions system. Note that I agree with the general 
principles of least privilege for email senders.

1. Reducing zombie population

> Likewise, we HAVE to work on cutting down the ease of zombie recruitment,
> and I believe that my attachments (and HTML!) permissions list idea
> (basically a fine-resolution whitelist) is a *major* step in the right
> direction there.

I agree with you here. This goal is very compatible with implementing an 
LMAP system, because it means you have an authenticated ISP to send 
(automated) complaints and abuse reports to, and if they're on the ball, the 
user part will have been authenticated by them, so it becomes a matter of
economics for them to clean up their network, to reduce complaints or to
avoid black-listing because they are abusive to the Internet as a whole.

2. Preventing forgeries getting you infected

> Even if one of those familiar senders WERE to get zombie-ized, the fact
> that suddenly they're not behaving (SOMETIMES!) the way I expect them to 
> behave is enough to cause the irregular mail to be zapped, EVEN THOUGH 
> the real stuff they still occasionally send me legitimately will still 
> sail through to me just the way it always has.

If one of your legitimate correspondents catches a virus, there are a couple
things that could happen. If they send you a mail directly, odds are it gets 
blocked by your ACLs. But imagine that the virus instead forges all of the 
N^2 combinations of To and From using the addresses in the infected users 
address book. There a chance (however slim) that you have a common 
acquaintance from whom you'll accept an email that will infect you.
Now add authentication back into the mix:
If the 'vulnerable from' happens to be in another domain, the message will
be rejected at the recipient edge MTA as forged. If it's in the same domain 
as the already infected person, then the ISP should be authenticating it.
Looks like a win-win proposition to me.

3. Sending back bounces to legitimate senders telling them that they were
out of line.

> I don't see any point of E-mailing back (to who? AS IF there were a real
> return address!) and telling them what to do to get past my checks!!??
> Riiiiiiiight. No, a big part of the whole key to this thing is that the
> legitimate senders know that their current behavior is acceptable 
> (perhaps JUST!) and that they may run into problems if they stray too far
> from that standard (and different recipients may have set their filters

With LMAP, this works better. You will have a validated return path to send 
a bounce back to, even after the message has been delivered locally. Thus, 
if one of your legitimate senders just steps over the line (maybe attaches a 
JPG that's 1K over what would have been tolerated), they'll get a bounce
saying it wasn't delivered, rather than wondering why you never responded.

Philip Miller

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From: John Levine <asrg@johnlevine.com>
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] E-postage from first principles
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>A good summary, John.

Thanks.

>> Receipient rate limiting might take the form of hashcash, although
>> that seems too easily circumvented so long as the bad guys have
>> zombies to do their hashing.
>
>This is a quantitative rather than qualitative argument against 
>hashcash, which is easily answered by increasing the bit count demanded 
>by the recipient, if it seems it's not having enough effect.

The problem is that if you increase the bit count demanded from the
bad guys, you also increase the bit count demanded from the good guys.
Since the bad guys have more computers at their disposal than the good
guys do, if you demand a big enough hash from the bad guys to deter
them, you're going to lock out the good guys altogether, e.g., demand
a hash from Aunt Sadie that will limit her 486 to one e-mail message a
week.

You might want to demand larger hashes from bad guys from good guys,
but if you could tell which was which, you could reject the bad guys'
mail outright and dispense with the hashes.

Regards,
John Levine, johnl@taugh.com, Taughannock Networks, Trumansburg NY
http://www.taugh.com


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>>> Receipient rate limiting might take the form of hashcash, although
>>> that seems too easily circumvented so long as the bad guys have
>>> zombies to do their hashing.
>>
>> This is a quantitative rather than qualitative argument against
>> hashcash, which is easily answered by increasing the bit count 
>> demanded
>> by the recipient, if it seems it's not having enough effect.
>
> The problem is that if you increase the bit count demanded from the
> bad guys, you also increase the bit count demanded from the good guys.
> Since the bad guys have more computers at their disposal than the good
> guys do, if you demand a big enough hash from the bad guys to deter
> them, you're going to lock out the good guys altogether, e.g., demand
> a hash from Aunt Sadie that will limit her 486 to one e-mail message a
> week.
>
> You might want to demand larger hashes from bad guys from good guys,
> but if you could tell which was which, you could reject the bad guys'
> mail outright and dispense with the hashes.

Note that SHA-1 is noticeably more computationally expensive on x86 
than most RISC platforms (or, probably, AMD64), which automatically 
makes the present incarnation of hashcash biased against the current 
crop of Wintel zombies.  As a point of comparison, it takes about 2500 
cycles per hash on an Athlon-XP, versus only 1000 on a PowerPC G3 or 
G4.  This has positive implications for third-party vendors - see 
below.

I've partially worked out a scheme which offers two solutions to this 
problem:

- Users with low-end machines (including handhelds) may buy hashcash 
tokens from a stand-alone third party vendor.  This doesn't require the 
micropayment infrastructure that full-blown e-postage needs.  Hashcash 
vendors need only recoup their own costs, thus a competitive market is 
easy to achieve without any need for regulation.

- The stamp optionally includes a signature to facilitate whitelisting. 
  This can reduce the hashcash demanded from regular correspondents to 
as low as 8 bits, which is computationally trivial - thus even low-end 
users will not normally need to buy tokens regularly.  Unlike existing 
high-confidence schemes like PGP and S/MIME, it is only for 
reasonable-confidence identification of regular correspondents, and as 
such is considerably more lightweight and doesn't require anything of 
the message body.

Can anyone shed some light on how many cycles a Z80 processor would 
take to handle a typical SHA-1 hash cycle?  Since derivatives of the 
Z80 may still be used in a few of the lowest-end handhelds, I'd like to 
have a handle on how long it would take for it to generate the 
"computationally trivial" 8-bit hashcash token that the signature 
requires.  If nobody happens to have a Z80 and a compiler to hand, I'll 
put in some work and try it for the 6502 instead - I have a handful of 
old BBC Micros lying around.

--------------------------------------------------------------
from:     Jonathan "Chromatix" Morton
mail:     chromi@chromatix.demon.co.uk
website:  http://www.chromatix.uklinux.net/
tagline:  The key to knowledge is not to rely on people to teach you it.


_______________________________________________
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>>> because the "large numbers" of mail will be
>>> significantly smaller than the "massive numbers" we're seeing today.

>> I don't think that's assured.

>Please justify this statement.  I've taken some numbers provided by a 
>poster, and indicated the difference in the quantity of resources 
>available - even assuming the spammers can use a significantly larger 
>fraction of their zombie pool to make stamps than send mail.  I'll even 
>summarise here:
>
>At present, spammers use fresh zombies for an average of 4 days after 
>infection - this pool is about 100,000 machines at present.
>
>The total zombie pool is about 1,500,000 machines at present, depending 
>who you ask and how they collected their data.  This is about 15x the 
>number of active spewers.
>
>Assumption:  It presently takes about 4000 times as long for a typical 
>zombie (1.0GHz P6 or K7 class CPU with a 128Kbit DSL uplink) to mint a 
>20-bit hashcash stamp as to send out an unstamped, 5KB mail.
>
>Given that spammers can recruit the entire horsepower of their zombie 
>army, compared to only a fraction of the bandwidth, this still marks a 
>reduction in overall spamming capacity of about 200 times.  And this 
>assumes the zombies' CPUs aren't being used for anything else, such as 
>games.

1)  The reason the zombie pool is "only" at 1.5 million machines is largely 
because that number is largely sufficient for spammers needs.  If they needed 
more, they'd infect/recruit more.

2)  The zombie pool is clearly not cranking out spam at anything like its 
potential capacity... even the last four days worth of infected machines are 
probably not producing spam at anything like their total capability.

>> I really don't believe that the solution to the spam problem involves 
>> making
>> E-mail harder or more costly to send.  I think a much better solution 
>> involves
>> making it (if unwanted) *far* less likely to actually be delivered... 
>> such that
>> the spammer realizes that the effort is probably futile.

>> Likewise, we HAVE to work on cutting down the ease of zombie 
>> recruitment, and I
>> believe that my attachments (and HTML!) permissions list idea 
>> (basically a
>> fine-resolution whitelist) is a *major* step in the right direction 
>> there.

>How is your proposal incompatible with mine?  I can't see any 
>particular way.

It doesn't HAVE to be mutually exclusive to make hashcash a bad idea.

>Just for reference, I turned up the score for MICROSOFT_EXECUTABLE in 
>my SpamAssassin filter long ago.  Now I don't get any of the usual 
>viruses, 

And that's fine, but it goes back to the not-fine-grained approach that my 
proposal specifically doesn't use... where these values would be individually 
specifiable by a given recipient for EACH SENDER.  I *do* happen to occasionally 
want to receive executable attachments... it's just that they're from a VERY 
small percentage of my correspondents, and the receipt of the executable 
attachments is NEVER unexpected.

>but I get the encrypted ZIP archives instead.  I'm sure 
>SpamAssassin could easily be modified to handle everything you propose 

Sure, as could any kind of good E-mail filter.  SpamAssassin is fine, 
functionally speaking (it would have been (probably MUCH) better if it had been 
written in SPITBOL, but that's another story).  SpamAssassin is a good step in 
the right direction (and perhaps the best thing of its sort out there today).  I 
don't happen to think it's good enough, AND I think that most of the protection 
against spams/viruses/worms, to be meaningful and effective worldwide, needs to 
be BY DEFAULT... thus built in either to the OS, or the mail client software 
(say, Outlook/Outlook Express/etc) that "most" people use.  And not an 
independent addon program, which is unlikely to be widely used enough to be as 
effective as this kind of thing wants to be.  (My approach DOES _immediately_ 
benefit those adopting it, but in order to really make a difference in spam we 
see on the net worldwide, a lot of people should be using it.)

Clearly, though, you're right in that SpamAssassin needs to be able to treat ZIP 
archives (and with or without encryption) as "dangerous" and as one of the 
available filter criteria.

>- so why don't you talk to them instead of shooting me down all the 
>time?

The people who I'd *like* to see[/help them] solve the problem would be 
Microsoft, since if they solve it at their level then truly a *large* number of 
folks around the world will benefit from the improvement.

As for shooting you down all the time, please don't take it personally.  There 
are a lot of people pushing for a lot of harebrained and ultimately 
not-very-clever "solutions" for these problems, and most of the ideas simply 
aren't very good.  Before we go off halfcocked racing down a path to a future 
that isn't very well thought out, we need to ALL consider these proposals and 
EVERYONE try to foresee what's wrong with them.  Otherwise, we're going to go 
way far down a road towards a costly, unworkable "solution" which is going to 
leave everybody wondering "What the hell were those guys thinking?"

We should be able to do better than that.

>>> Since when is that such a weak argument?

>> Well, maybe always, in part since it ignores the very legitimate needs 
>> of
>> organizations like Yahoogroups and other major outbound mailers to 
>> send millions
>> and millions of pieces of mail a day.

>Did I say that every piece of mail needed a 20-bit hashcash stamp?  No, 
>I said that whitelisted senders get to use smaller, even 
>computationally trivial stamps.  Subscribing to a mailing list should 
>include making a whitelist entry at each end of the transaction.

I don't like that.  First, because I don't think the sender should have to do 
ANYTHING different on a recipient-by-recipient basis (other than, perhaps, 
deciding who will tolerate bulky HTML-burdened E-mail (that's if the sender 
REALLY wants that kind, rather than just using ASCII) and who wants plain ASCII 
text instead...)  I don't like two-ended solutions, since it invariably seems to 
involve coordinating things that end up being hard to coordinate, and ends up 
forcing mutual concurrence on things where it's often hard to get agreement.

Secondly, it means that the recipient has to whitelist a *lot* more of the 
senders that they get mail from than they should have to whitelist.  If you have 
a reasonable policy for default mail permissions, then most of the senders you 
get mail from (even unexpectedly) shouldn't be affected by your filter.  The 
goal of my scheme is a fine-grained sieve putting the RECIPIENT in control, and 
which lets as much of your legitimate mail as possible through but which turns 
aside virtually all the spam, and without significant negative implications on 
legitimate and responsible senders.

And, all this without having to change the basic worldwide Internet E-mail 
infrastructure, or significantly increasing the fixed/incremental cost of that 
infrastructure.

>I also said, at some point, that if a message is addressed to a mailing 
>list and the stamp matches the mailing list's address, then if the 
>recipient is subscribed to the mailing list he should accept the stamp 
>as valid.  This caters for listserv software that doesn't (yet) 
>understand stamping, signatures and whitelists.

But you presume that everyone SENDING to that mailing list is going to go along 
with your "stamp" and signatures proposal and deal with the hassles, right?

Again, I don't much like proposals that force EVERYBODY around the world to 
change their behavior.  And it's bad enough when it's TWO people that e-mail 
each other directly;  it's much worse when you have third parties (like 
Yahoogroups) involved and you end up creating this kind of great scism between 
communities.

>Here's my point, since you seem to have missed it up until now:  
>Hashcash and signatures work in concert!  One covers some situations, 
>the other covers the rest.  Please stop taking them in isolation to 
>make straw men.

Both of them require components to be installed EVERYWHERE, both to generate 
them and to check for them.  I don't object to multifaceted solutions (hey, I 
specifically endorsed a SpamAssassin-like content filter working in conjunction 
with my permissions lists.)

But if I don't like attempts to increase the cost of mailing by hashcash, and 
don't like cumbersome "signature" or "certificate" approaches, I don't know why 
you'd imagine that I'd like a solution better that involves the combined 
disadvantages of EACH of those. 

>> What determines whether it's spam or not is whether the RECIPIENT 
>> wants it and authorized the sender to send it to them, and whether the 
>> content of the mail is remotely like what the recipient(s) expect and 
>> want to receive from that sender.

>Content filters only work to a point.  SpamAssassin actually has 
>filters set up to detect most content-disguise mechanisms already - 
>stuff like an excessive number of HTML tags, FONT COLOR="white", etc.  
>Spam *still* gets past it occasionally.

Sure.  But in conjunction with my permissions lists, there will be many fewer 
ways to deceive and bypass it, while still getting the things through that you 
occasionally need to receive from SOME selected few of your correspondents.  
Presently, setting your filter settings tight enough means that you're filtering 
out some stuff that OCCASIONALLY you need and want to receive from SOME folks.

I don't suggest that SpamAssassin is perfect.  It *looks* pretty good.  It would 
be *better* if it didn't have quite such a difficult job to try to do (and my 
permissions list makes its job a LOT less daunting).  If SpamAssassin were 
written in SPITBOL, they'd have far more powerful pattern recognition 
capabilities available to them at the core programming-language-level, and it 
would be a lot harder for spam to slip past it.

But I also don't think that the spam filter HAS to be absolutely 100% effective.

It's probably enough that the spam problem is reduced to an occasional nuisance.

It's perhaps true, though, that by the time we t-can that much of the spam, 
combined with making it MUCH MUCH harder to recruit spambot zombies, that a lot 
of the spammers will simply go look for more promising ways to pursue their 
scams.

We haven't seen the worst of spam, yet.  But eventually the tide will crest and 
we'll start seeing an improvement.  

>As for whether the recipient authorised the sender...  without any 
>widely deployed authentication mechanism, how do you avoid spoofing on 
>the whitelist entries?

Spoofing only helps if the permissions assigned by a given recipient for the 
sender you're spoofing helps you send the stuff you're (as a spammer) trying to 
send.  In general, you simply don't know that it does... you don't know WHO you 
want to spoof, and you don't know WHO has assigned them the "advanced" 
permissions that apparently you're hoping to benefit from.   If ultimately the 
majority of recipients have VERY few people with advanced "whitelisted" 
permissions, then your odds of hitting one at random are very small.

>> Why do you think that it's not enough to simply use the E-mail 
>> characteristics
>> (type of content, HTML classes used, type of attachments, size maybe) 
>> in
>> combination with the sender and the list of permissions granted to 
>> that sender
>> by the recipient?

>Because we already have that general type of filtering, and it isn't 
>working well enough.

No.

1)  We don't have that on the basis of a sender/recipient pairing;  

2)  We don't have the kind of fine-grained control based on the types of HTML 
codes present and the types of attachments in use;

3)  Gratuitous HTML provides a lot of underbrush for spammers and abusers to 
hide in.  Far too many people presume that they can send HTML mail and that it 
will be unquestioningly accepted by "everybody".

4)  Far too few people have even the "general" kind of filtering that you're 
talking about implemented.

Even if *I* implement completely all of my ideas, and use them here, the fact 
that they only help ME is still going to run afoul of your "it isn't working 
well enough" condemnation.  

There are a variety of commonly recurring types of spam that still make it 
through my present incoming mail filter.  In part that's simply because it's 
small enough in volume (so far) that I haven't busied myself to make the 
appropriate improvements to the filter to detect and t-can those types.

>> And if you DO want something more, why is a "passcode" or
>> something freely made available by the recipient (perhaps in large 
>> number of
>> variant forms, so to make life difficult for address harvesters) and 
>> included in
>> (say) the Subject or a special header line perhaps, not enough?

>Because that's too much effort for most users - it's "intrusive".  I 
>have seen people using it, but they're distinctly in the minority.

It's certainly less intrusive than having to buy E-postage or computing 
"hashcash".  And this would work with basicaly all existing E-mail programs.

I do agree though that I like single-ended solutions better in principle.  (I'll 
point out that, unless I'm mistaken, NONE of the other solutions we've been 
discussing here are single-ended, other than my permissions list idea).

>>> Each signature, incidentally, will be valuable only for the number of 
>>> recipients who have whitelisted it, which for Joe User will normally 
>>> be quite a small window.

>> So what happens if they HAVE NOT whitelisted it?  I think that many 
>> (most if not
>> all!) types of users NEED to have SOME kind of way to receive 
>> legitimate,
>> unanticipated E-mails...

>Then they mint hashcash for it.  It only takes a few seconds of CPU 
>time for most people.  If they happen not to have the CPU resources 
>available to do it themselves, they have the option of paying a third 
>party to do it for them.

Again, complicated and it increases the cost, while not solving the problem.

Besides, anything keyed to "consuming processor time" is inherently a decaying 
thing, as processor speeds increase.

>The signature is merely a way to bypass the CPU expenditure for regular 
>correspondents - friends, family, regular business contacts, mailing 
>list subscriptions, etc.  Nothing more.

Signatures require a concurrence at both ends on the type of signature to be 
employed, and much existing E-mail software (including embedded apps that 
generate and send E-mails) obviously don't generate mail containing them.

Again, you're talking about changing the world's E-mail infrastructure.  
Possible, maybe, eventually, but not right away and not without a lot of grief 
in the meanwhile.

>> Who really cares about signing keys, or certificates, or all these 
>> SPF-like mods
>> to DNS which don't solve the problem, or E-postage and all the new 
>> opportunities
>> for fraud, abuse, extra costs and hassles?  I sure don't.  All I'm 
>> concerned
>> about is dumping spam in the trash so I don't have to deal with it.

>Then implement your filter for yourself.  

Fine, and I've done much of that.  As I said, I continue to refine my filter... 
I'm currently up to revision 1.43 (since 2002 when I first wrote and started 
using it) and in general it works pretty well.  The present filter is 1742 lines 
of (fairly heavily commented) 32-bit SPITBOL source code.  (It does a LOT more 
than just antispam filtering).  It works in conjunction with a couple of 
"helper" apps and a variety of data files (including dictionaries) and produces 
a variety of log and audit trail files.  The current version was written with 
multiuser features to support enterprise use, although nobody except me is 
presently using it on a daily basis.

>It sounds like something you 
>can implement and gain benefits from on an individual basis, 

Can, have, and do!  :-)

What I presently have here doesn't fully implement my proposal, but that's 
because it's presently "close enough" to solving enough of my own personal spam 
problem that I don't feel a pressing need to implement the rest (not for myself, 
anyhow).

The framework I have would probably support all of the things I'm talking about.

>so you 
>shouldn't really have any trouble with it.  If it works for you, come 
>back and tell us about your experience.  

That's largely why I'm here.  :-)   I've been observing the problem for a long 
time, and particularly in the context of seeing what I already have and what 
things one could do to pick up on the remaining "problem" spams.

>But don't just pan everyone else's ideas while your own is still theory.

I think that:

  1)  My ideas are a LOT more than just "theory".

  2)  My ideas hardly require any kind of dramatic technological breakthroughs 
that would call into question their implementability.

In fact, of the ideas being discussed here, mine involve a whole let less 
"waving of hands" and "blue-skying" than hashcash, OR E-postage, OR signatures, 
OR certificates, or global changes to the Internet's DNS infrastructure, or 
indeed just about any of the other ideas that we're discussing.

So I think it's pretty silly to condemn anybody's ideas here as "just theory".  
By definition, this is an "asRg" and the R stands for RESEARCH!

Gordon Peterson                  http://personal.terabites.com/
1977-2002  Twenty-fifth anniversary year of Local Area Networking!
Support free and fair US elections!  http://stickers.defend-democracy.org
12/19/98: Partisan Republicans scornfully ignore the voters they "represent".
12/09/00: the date the Republican Party took down democracy in America.



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The posting guidelines for the ASRG lists can be found here:

http://asrg.sp.am/about/lists.shtml

-----------------------------------------------------------------------
Posting Guidelines for the Discussion List
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regarding one of the work items outlined in the ASRG Research Agenda 
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--
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On Thu, 29 Apr 2004, Philip Miller <millenix@zemos.net> wrote:
>Gordon,
>I'm just going to pick out a few little points here about how LMAP is
>complementary to your permissions system. Note that I agree with the general 
>principles of least privilege for email senders.

Thanks!  I'll reply with my comments on the items you've noted.

>1. Reducing zombie population

>> Likewise, we HAVE to work on cutting down the ease of zombie recruitment,
>> and I believe that my attachments (and HTML!) permissions list idea
>> (basically a fine-resolution whitelist) is a *major* step in the right
>> direction there.

>I agree with you here. 

Thanks.  I think this is simply the BIGGEST improvement that can be made the 
FASTEST to solving this TERRIBLE problem.

>This goal is very compatible with implementing an 
>LMAP system, because it means you have an authenticated ISP to send 
>(automated) complaints and abuse reports to, and if they're on the ball, the 
>user part will have been authenticated by them, so it becomes a matter of
>economics for them to clean up their network, to reduce complaints or to
>avoid black-listing because they are abusive to the Internet as a whole.

Well, sort of.

I wouldn't say it's "very compatible with"... the way I'd characterize it is 
that WITHOUT a fine-resolution whitelist to block virtually all executable 
attachments and other malicious E-mail content, that LMAP and its ilk are fairly 
useless (as, indeed, are most of these other ideas such as E-postage, 
certificates, SPF, and the like)... simply because spambot zombies mean that 
actual spammers never pay E-postage, generate hashcash, deal with stamps or 
certificates, or deal with any of these other restrictions that supposedly are 
being designed to put a crimp in their operations.

The question then becomes... once the permissions list solves the great majority 
of the zombie spambot problem, and removes most of the HTML deceptions, and 
antispam content filters resolve most of the rest... how much of a problem 
really still remains, and would it justify the time, hassle, and expense of 
these more intrusive, controversial, and costly schemes?

As for finding the right person to complain to... I still send complaints to the 
various Nigerian/lottery spammer ISPs, and although I'm sure I'm not the only 
person griping about it, and although CLEARLY there's no question about who is 
hosting the fraudster's E-mail boxes, the same small number of ISPs keep getting 
implicated with disturbing regularity.  So I'm less convinced than you seem to 
be that flooding them with automated complaints and abuse reports really 
accomplishes anything;  it seems that their own defensive automated 
abuse-report-discarders are just as efficient!  :-(

Ultimately, most of these abuse reports and complaint letters (and the ISP's 
automated responses to them) just make the "wasted bandwidth" problem worse than 
if the original objectionable material just went down a black hole.

>2. Preventing forgeries getting you infected

>> Even if one of those familiar senders WERE to get zombie-ized, the fact
>> that suddenly they're not behaving (SOMETIMES!) the way I expect them to 
>> behave is enough to cause the irregular mail to be zapped, EVEN THOUGH 
>> the real stuff they still occasionally send me legitimately will still 
>> sail through to me just the way it always has.

>If one of your legitimate correspondents catches a virus, there are a couple
>things that could happen. If they send you a mail directly, odds are it gets 
>blocked by your ACLs. But imagine that the virus instead forges all of the 
>N^2 combinations of To and From using the addresses in the infected users 
>address book. There a chance (however slim) that you have a common 
>acquaintance from whom you'll accept an email that will infect you.

First, basically *no* E-mails will infect me, simply because my preferred E-mail 
client doesn't encourage that to happen.  But I've seen a lot of infection mails 
arrive here, and I've investigated them enough to see how other folks get 
infected.  :-)

The fact is that the great majority of people simply have no reason to EVER 
whitelist ANYBODY to send them an EXE file type as an E-mail attachment;  fewer 
still would whitelist ANYBODY to send them a PIF file.  Few people similarly 
ever need to accept an encrypted ZIP file!  Secondly, the likely overlap in the 
E-mail address books (regarding people I'd be likely to whitelist to send EXEs) 
is likely to be the null set, or pretty close to it.

And even THOSE people I'm not likely to accept unexpected/unsolicited 
executables from.  (Obviously, Outlook or whatever E-mail client wants to make 
it VERY ominous-sounding before they let anyone turn these permissions on... so 
people won't let themselves be hoodwinked or wheedled by a bogus E-mail that 
tries to talk them into dropping their shields.)

So anyhow, I think that your scenario is VERY VERY farfetched.

>Now add authentication back into the mix:
>If the 'vulnerable from' happens to be in another domain, the message will
>be rejected at the recipient edge MTA as forged. 

...And that is a BIG "if".  Especially now with Internet accesses concentrating 
around a relatively small number of big players... Comcast, SWBELL, SBC, AOL, 
etc etc.  And in fact, that's a big reason why the "domain-approved authorized 
mail server IP address" concept (regardless of which variant you're talking 
about) is so terribly flawed (aside from the issue regarding personal domain 
names, mailing lists, etc etc).  There are literally MILLIONS of SBC users, 
MILLIONS of Comcast users, close to ten million AOL users, etc etc.  So someone 
infecting an SBC or Comcast user's machine can forge any of a million or more 
other addresses which will NOT be detected by these schemes as forged.  And 
that's true even if they originate the mail from one of hundreds of other mail 
servers used elsewhere nationwide by that big ISP.

>If it's in the same domain 
>as the already infected person, then the ISP should be authenticating it.

Some do, some don't.  Again, SMTP authenticating becomes problematical when 
people are using their own personal domain names, mailing lists, etc etc.  Many 
ISPs refuse to let people forward mail to their domain name supplier's mail 
servers, etc.

>Looks like a win-win proposition to me.

And if you ignore the folks who lose big, you'd almost be right.

>3. Sending back bounces to legitimate senders telling them that they were
>out of line.

>> I don't see any point of E-mailing back (to who? AS IF there were a real
>> return address!) and telling them what to do to get past my checks!!??
>> Riiiiiiiight. No, a big part of the whole key to this thing is that the
>> legitimate senders know that their current behavior is acceptable 
>> (perhaps JUST!) and that they may run into problems if they stray too far
>> from that standard (and different recipients may have set their filters

>With LMAP, this works better. You will have a validated return path to send 
>a bounce back to, even after the message has been delivered locally. 

You're presuming (and this is NOT necessarily a valid presumption) that the SMTP 
and POP mail paths are parallel and coherent.

Not everybody uses the same outgoing mail path as they use for their incoming 
mail path.

The other question is to decide if it even makes sense to try to send the 
bounce.  I'm not at all sure that it does.

>Thus, 
>if one of your legitimate senders just steps over the line (maybe attaches a 
>JPG that's 1K over what would have been tolerated), they'll get a bounce
>saying it wasn't delivered, rather than wondering why you never responded.

If they write me and inquire, I can probably tell them I didn't get it.

And remember that (depending on what they sent me) it's entirely possible that 
the BOUNCE ITSELF will be filtered out by THEIR permission list, since it's 
entirely possible that the 'mailbot' sending the bounce won't be whitelisted at 
their end, either.  :-)

(This can occur even today... let's say that they send me an E-mail which is 
4.9Mb, and by the time the various Received: headers are added it JUST exceeds a 
5Mb maximum E-mail supported by my domain supplier.  If they try to bounce it 
back along with an explanatory header, chances are good that the ORIGINATING 
E-mail inbox won't accept it, either.  Or, they might already have 3.5Mb of mail 
queued there already, and doesn't have adequate room to hold the bounced mail.  
Anyhow, you can't always guarantee that a bounce will be received.)

Gordon Peterson                  http://personal.terabites.com/
1977-2002  Twenty-fifth anniversary year of Local Area Networking!
Support free and fair US elections!  http://stickers.defend-democracy.org
12/19/98: Partisan Republicans scornfully ignore the voters they "represent".
12/09/00: the date the Republican Party took down democracy in America.



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From: John Levine <asrg@johnlevine.com>
To: asrg@ietf.org
In-Reply-To: <20040429180403.GI22336@mail>
Organization: I.E.C.C., Trumansburg NY USA
Cc: david@vex.net
Subject: [Asrg] Re: Consent protocols - was E-postage
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>Now several things can happen in the state graph.
>
>a. Sender has no more msgs to devlier anyway.
>b. Sender has more, and follows Recip's desired 1/h
>	- At some point, Recip decides that Sender has been faithful,
>		and may be allowed a higher rate.
>c. Sender has more, and ignores Recip's desired 1/h
>	- Sender is blacklisted.
>
>Optionally:
>
>d. Sender has more, and requests a higher rate allowance by providing
>	an accreditation, hashcash, 'introduction protocol' referral ID,
>	etc.
>e. Sender provides a one-time, or reusable key that was provided out of
>	band by recipient - i.e. when signing up for a mailing list -
>	which entitles Sender to a higher rate limit.

f. Sender pretends to be 300 other people and sends you buckets of spam.

Bad guys won't play by your rules.

Regards,
John Levine, johnl@taugh.com, Taughannock Networks, Trumansburg NY
http://www.taugh.com

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On Thu, 29 Apr 2004, John Levine wrote:
> So let's think about rate limiting or deterring senders.  Perhaps I'm
> suffering from a failure of imagination, but I don't see useful rate
> limiting without some cooperation from the recipients.  This is for
> two reasons: one is that recipients don't want to rate limit the mail
> they want, and the other is that without some way for the recipients
> to audit the rate limiting, naughty senders will lie and claim they're
> rate limiting when they aren't.

This sounds like it's begging for a consent protocol implementation.

Sender: Hello, I have mail for you.
Recip: I have no record of talking to you before. I'll accept 1msg/h
Sender: Understood. 1msg/h. Here's a msg.

Now several things can happen in the state graph.

a. Sender has no more msgs to devlier anyway.
b. Sender has more, and follows Recip's desired 1/h
	- At some point, Recip decides that Sender has been faithful,
		and may be allowed a higher rate.
c. Sender has more, and ignores Recip's desired 1/h
	- Sender is blacklisted.

Optionally:

d. Sender has more, and requests a higher rate allowance by providing
	an accreditation, hashcash, 'introduction protocol' referral ID,
	etc.
e. Sender provides a one-time, or reusable key that was provided out of
	band by recipient - i.e. when signing up for a mailing list -
	which entitles Sender to a higher rate limit.

Well known senders gradually receive high rate limits. New spammer
domains recieve low limits, and are blacklisted due to content (possibly
by distributed blacklists) before they can deliver a significant amount
of spam.

A variation of this scheme could be used between users and their ISP.

P.S. My idle speculation is that you might be able to implement this
without changing SMTP, by using SIP to arrange the connections.

-- 
David Maxwell, david@vex.net|david@maxwell.net -->
All this stuff in twice the space would only look half as bad!
					      - me


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On Thu, 29 Apr 2004, John Levine wrote:
> f. Sender pretends to be 300 other people and sends you buckets of spam.
> 
> Bad guys won't play by your rules.

That's not an assumption in the example. Sender can't pretend to be a
different Src IP.

-- 
David Maxwell, david@vex.net|david@maxwell.net -->
All this stuff in twice the space would only look half as bad!
					      - me


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Atomic multi-record updates? How about just a log which is processed
asynchronously? Why in the world would this have to be kept in perfect
sync in real-time?

And, that said, do the main dns servers keep log files? Seems that'd
be similar.

Besides, all you're saying is that it'd probably take more computrons
to run an e-postage system, given various assumptions about how it
might work, than the current dns system does. Ok. But there still are
many similarities, particularly in distribution and scale and need for
organization.

Anyhow, that's very different than showing that too many computrons
are required to be reasonable.

$1,000 computers are today over 1,000 x as fast as $1,000,000
computers were when DNS was designed.

     -b


On April 28, 2004 at 22:21 rogerk@queernet.org ("\"Roger B.A. Klorese \" ") wrote:
 > Barry Shein wrote:
 > 
 > >Do you have any idea how many host names, between mail and ftp
 > >and everything else people do, are looked up *per second*?! 
 > >
 > 
 > 
 > Lookups are cheap.  Atomic multi-record updates are expensive.  DNS is 
 > 99.99+% read-only.  Postage is heavily update-biased.

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Subject: Re: [Asrg] E-postage from first principles
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I don't find compensating recipients interesting or relevant so that's
a straw man. Does the post office charge postage soas to pay
recipients? W/o stretching the point?

Anyhow, e-postage is a way to make the price reflect the usage.

Here's another simple outline that would not be subject to all these
straw man arguments:

1. A stamp is a cryptographic signature identifying the ISP affixed to
e-mail.

2. The certificate for creating such stamps is bought by the ISP from
approved certificate-issuing authorities, much like SSL certs at least
in theory.

3. The cert is issued for some rough amount of email, 100K/day,
1M/day, etc. and the price reflects that. The ISP will in some
industry-agreed upon way provide some basic evidence that the cert is
probably about right. This can be verified via auditing, sampling,
etc., basic business records might help (everyone knows AOL has
whatever, 2.5m customers, no one would believe them if they said they
only plan to send 100,000 mail msgs per month, etc.)

Similar sampling-based methods (to keep things reaonably honest) have
been used for over 75 years for radio music royalties, also similar
systems are used for trade magazines subscription/ad ratios, etc. so
if you're not familiar with examples such as those look into it
because it would seem to be a rich source of ideas.

The important point is that you don't have to be absolutely accurate,
just accurate to a degree, i.e., not buy a 100K/day cert when
intending to send 10M/day. Getting caught cheating should be fairly
serious. Obviously a simple mistake can be fixed etc (oh don't jump on
it there are many business contracts where you have to
estimate/project usage and then settle up later.)

4. Recipient ISPs (and end-users for that matter, tho it's not
necessary) can verify the authenticity of certs and if they like
verify that a cert hasn't been revoked (one might do this with an
authority server for every 100K uses or once a day or hour, the
downside isn't all that serious usually.)

5. Recipient ISPs can choose to do what they like with email msgs
without good certs. They might deliver them, but they might be advised
to (after some transition period) reject them because that's what
would make the system work.

6. ISPs may pass these costs along to their own customers however they
like, that's a marketing decision. Most likely they'd allow some
number of msgs "for free" (included in basic acct fee) and charge for
usage beyond that. They might sell a mailing list package for $20/mo
extra that includes another 100K msgs/mo, whatever.

7. But the important point is that ISPs would be highly motivated,
assuming a reasonable cert price structure, not to allow customers to
send millions of msgs per day unrestrained. How they handle accidents
or break-ins would be their own choice of policy, but they might be
well-advised to practice some leniency if they wish to keep their
customers happy.

I don't see any settlements, per-message real-time interactions,
onerous book-keeping, etc in any of that.



        -Barry Shein

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Subject: RE: [Asrg] My take on e-postage
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On April 29, 2004 at 11:47 tthomson@neosinteractive.com (Tom Thomson) wrote:
 > Barry Shein <bzs@world.std.com> wrote:
 > 
 > > Before 1989 you couldn't buy a connection to the internet unless you
 > > could show some bona-fide usage (defense contracting, and towards the
 > > very end of that era, being a university), and then if you were
 > > approved hook-up was basically free.
 > 
 > Strange. I was using the internet (the network interconnecting arpanet,
 > nfsnet, janet, and various other xxxnets) about the end of 1985 or beginning

Well, by nfsnet I assume you mean NSFNET, as in the US National
Science Foundation, came into being in 1988, JANET first started IP
service in 1991, and the rest of your note is just about as reliable
for facts (which is to say, not at all.)

But, fwiw, I probably should have said "internet via DARPAnet" rather
than just internet although, as with the assertion above, you seem to
have created a lot more interconnections than existed (the "very end
of that era" was a reference to the 1988 NSFNET.)


-- 
        -Barry Shein

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CC: John Levine <asrg@johnlevine.com>, asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] E-postage from first principles
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Barry,

This sounds like accreditation, not e-postage.

Yakov

Barry Shein wrote:
> I don't find compensating recipients interesting or relevant so that's
> a straw man. Does the post office charge postage soas to pay
> recipients? W/o stretching the point?
> 
> Anyhow, e-postage is a way to make the price reflect the usage.
> 
> Here's another simple outline that would not be subject to all these
> straw man arguments:
> 
> 1. A stamp is a cryptographic signature identifying the ISP affixed to
> e-mail.
> 
> 2. The certificate for creating such stamps is bought by the ISP from
> approved certificate-issuing authorities, much like SSL certs at least
> in theory.
> 
> 3. The cert is issued for some rough amount of email, 100K/day,
> 1M/day, etc. and the price reflects that. The ISP will in some
> industry-agreed upon way provide some basic evidence that the cert is
> probably about right. This can be verified via auditing, sampling,
> etc., basic business records might help (everyone knows AOL has
> whatever, 2.5m customers, no one would believe them if they said they
> only plan to send 100,000 mail msgs per month, etc.)
> 
> Similar sampling-based methods (to keep things reaonably honest) have
> been used for over 75 years for radio music royalties, also similar
> systems are used for trade magazines subscription/ad ratios, etc. so
> if you're not familiar with examples such as those look into it
> because it would seem to be a rich source of ideas.
> 
> The important point is that you don't have to be absolutely accurate,
> just accurate to a degree, i.e., not buy a 100K/day cert when
> intending to send 10M/day. Getting caught cheating should be fairly
> serious. Obviously a simple mistake can be fixed etc (oh don't jump on
> it there are many business contracts where you have to
> estimate/project usage and then settle up later.)
> 
> 4. Recipient ISPs (and end-users for that matter, tho it's not
> necessary) can verify the authenticity of certs and if they like
> verify that a cert hasn't been revoked (one might do this with an
> authority server for every 100K uses or once a day or hour, the
> downside isn't all that serious usually.)
> 
> 5. Recipient ISPs can choose to do what they like with email msgs
> without good certs. They might deliver them, but they might be advised
> to (after some transition period) reject them because that's what
> would make the system work.
> 
> 6. ISPs may pass these costs along to their own customers however they
> like, that's a marketing decision. Most likely they'd allow some
> number of msgs "for free" (included in basic acct fee) and charge for
> usage beyond that. They might sell a mailing list package for $20/mo
> extra that includes another 100K msgs/mo, whatever.
> 
> 7. But the important point is that ISPs would be highly motivated,
> assuming a reasonable cert price structure, not to allow customers to
> send millions of msgs per day unrestrained. How they handle accidents
> or break-ins would be their own choice of policy, but they might be
> well-advised to practice some leniency if they wish to keep their
> customers happy.
> 
> I don't see any settlements, per-message real-time interactions,
> onerous book-keeping, etc in any of that.

--
Yakov Shafranovich / asrg <at> shaftek.org
SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc. / research <at> solidmatrix.com
"And this too shall come to pass"

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Cc: david@vex.net
Subject: [Asrg] Re: Consent protocols - was E-postage
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>> f. Sender pretends to be 300 other people and sends you buckets of spam.
>> 
>> Bad guys won't play by your rules.
>
>That's not an assumption in the example. Sender can't pretend to be a
>different Src IP.

The spam senders I know, withe their farms of zombies, don't have to
pretend to be different source IPs, because each zombie has a separate
IP all of its own.



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To: Barry Shein <bzs@world.std.com>
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        John Levine <asrg@johnlevine.com>, asrg@ietf.org,
        richard_willey@symantec.com
Subject: Re: [Asrg] (no subject)
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Barry Shein wrote:

> Atomic multi-record updates? How about just a log which is processed
> asynchronously? Why in the world would this have to be kept in perfect
> sync in real-time?

Because it's the transfer of MONEY, Barry, which requires both exactness 
and atomicity.

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 > Barry Shein <bzs@world.std.com> wrote:

> Well, by nfsnet I assume you mean NSFNET, as in the US National
> Science Foundation, came into being in 1988, JANET first started IP
> service in 1991, and the rest of your note is just about as reliable
> for facts (which is to say, not at all.)

JANET startd internal use of IP in 1991, having used a variety of other
protocols (mostly X25 over wide area, ECMA transport and various home-growns
over local area) for a long time before that. But the "internet" didn't
refer to the use of IP, but to the interconnection of the various networks,
and connections between the Joint Academic Network and various other
networks (including academic netwrorks in the US and elsewhere in Europe)
was achieved using gateways which converted between different local network
standards long before that date.  If you mean "networks using the IP defined
in RFC0791" then fine, your dates are right.  If you mean the network which
grew from the interconnection of a large collection of individual networks
in various parts of the world your dates are completely wrong.  When you
said "internet" I assumed you meant the latter (the internet still has many
subnets which are gatewayed with protocol converters, although it's now much
more common to use IP over the top of the local network layer).

> But, fwiw, I probably should have said "internet via DARPAnet" rather
> than just internet although, as with the assertion above, you seem to
> have created a lot more interconnections than existed (the "very end
> of that era" was a reference to the 1988 NSFNET.)

OK, NSFNET is 1988;  there were plenty of Universities with access to
Darpanet before then, and there were several inter-university networks
before then, and there were various interconnections between those various
inter-university netwroks before then.

Whatever the dates, the main point remains: there was no "free resource" and
none of the people who were paying for the (very) expensive network
infrastructures that formed the internet (whether by that we mean the
interconnecting network that had joined up all those individual networks, or
the network pervaded by IP which it subsequently eveolved into) were
interested in providing a free ride for non-contributors.

Tom


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Some comments and niggles:

Section 2.1. "rDNS" is probably worth expanding to "in-addr.arpa reverse
DNS".

Section 2.3. probably worth replacing the comma with a colon to introduce
the list of methods of representing multiple sublists. Also shouldn't
DNSBLs be discouraged from using 127.0.0.1 as the target address of a
blacklist record? Typo: "welll". The last paragraph of the section, on the
topic of TTLs etc reads like it ought to be in a separate section.

Section 4. Paragraph 3 is repeated in a different form at the end of
paragraph 4. Also no full-stop before "Long-running".

-- 
Tony Finch  <dot@dotat.at>  http://dotat.at/

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One comment:

Section 2.2. MUST Have the Same Criteria for Listing and Delisting.

This rule appears to be saying the wrong thing, when you consider sections
2.5 ... 2.7 which specify other less strict ways of being delisted.

Perhaps 2.2 should say "Failing to meet the criteria for listing MUST be
sufficient grounds for delisting".

-- 
Tony Finch  <dot@dotat.at>  http://dotat.at/

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Subject: Re: [Asrg] draft-irtf-asrg-bcp-blacklists-00
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At 12:23 PM +0100 4/30/04, Tony Finch wrote:
>One comment:
>
>Section 2.2. MUST Have the Same Criteria for Listing and Delisting.
>
>This rule appears to be saying the wrong thing, when you consider sections
>2.5 ... 2.7 which specify other less strict ways of being delisted.
>
>Perhaps 2.2 should say "Failing to meet the criteria for listing MUST be
>sufficient grounds for delisting".

I don't think that even makes sense. Neither has routinely been true 
of most widely-used DNSBL's. The clearest example of an almost 
completely non-controversial and extremely useful list that comes 
nowhere near symmetry in listing and delisting is the CBL. Listing 
and delisting are not simply asymmetric, but orthogonal: addresses go 
one for acting in ways that are common to compromised machines that 
emit spam, and delisting occurs purely for the asking.

In many lists historically (notably the MAPS RBL and the Spamhaus 
SBL) the apparent delisting criteria have been quite a bit less than 
failing to meet the listing criteria, particularly for escalated 
listings. On the other side, it has been my experience in maintaining 
private blacklists that they tend in practice to be tilted the other 
way, with listings being based on rather minimal indication of a 
problem and delistings requiring not just an end to the triggering 
behavior, but some sort of assurance that it will not recur and that 
there is a positive benefit to delisting. My own explanation for this 
covering my own local blacklist is at 
http://www.scconsult.com/scbldetails.html, with the learest bit on 
that abpout 2/3 of the way down the page. I know that this document 
is not aimed at private blacklists and that private and public are 
inherently different, but it is worth considering that multiple 
varieties of blacklist seem to reliably fail to meet a standard of 
symmetry.

In the end, a requirement for symmetry in a BCP doesn't really have 
any meaning. Existing lists are not managed that way in practice, but 
it is a fairly simple matter of formal logic to change their 
published criteria without changing actual practice so that there is 
formal symmetry. For example, the CBL could define its listing 
criteria as having acted like a compromised spam source more recently 
than having had a removal requested or a listing timeout. IOW: take 
the practical delisting criteria, negate them, and add them to the 
listing criteria.  I believe that since Section 2.2 is not actually 
practiced in spirit recognizably anywhere, but that it could be 
formally met without any change in practice and simple adoption of 
more convoluted formal criteria. In short, Section 2.2 does not 
express 'best current practice' in any sense.

I think it also may be better to approach the blacklist issue from a 
model focused on process rather then one concentrated on criteria. 
Every listing has a trigger event, and while that event may be 
triggering an evaluation of criteria,  it may well be (as it seems to 
be with the CBL)  that the event itself carries all the necessary 
information to evaluate the listing criteria, and that a delisting 
cannot possibly be a logical reverse of a listing. For example, one 
might want to list machines that have been seen to HELO with the IP 
address of the server to which they are connecting. That is grossly 
incorrect behavior that  is done fairly frequently by spam-sending 
cracked machines. It is also a very good predictor of future spam 
from the same machine without the telltale bogus HELO, because the 
usual mode of compromise includes an open proxy on the machine, 
making it open to spammers of all intelligence levels and a wide 
range of HELO choices. It is logically impossible to reverse that 
basis for a listing: what is done is done. I believe that it makes 
more sense to recommend that lists define (as far as possible) their 
listing and delisting *processes* clarly, and forget about 
recommending some sort of symmetry for criteria.

(Incidentally, I bring up the CBL for examples because I believe that 
by any measurable standard it is by far the best DNSBL ever 
published, and that any BCP which essentially defined it as 
mismanaged would be making a very harmful mistake.)



-- 
Bill Cole
bill@scconsult.com


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On 30 Apr 2004, at 12:23, Tony Finch wrote:

>
> One comment:
>
> Section 2.2. MUST Have the Same Criteria for Listing and Delisting.
>
> This rule appears to be saying the wrong thing, when you consider 
> sections
> 2.5 ... 2.7 which specify other less strict ways of being delisted.
>
> Perhaps 2.2 should say "Failing to meet the criteria for listing MUST 
> be
> sufficient grounds for delisting".

Yes, we tried to change the wording of this at the last minute to 
forward reference 2.5, but I still felt it wasn't entirely clear. The 
above wording seems better to me. Chris?

Matt.


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On 30 Apr 2004, at 14:24, Bill Cole wrote:

> I don't think that even makes sense. Neither has routinely been true 
> of most widely-used DNSBL's. The clearest example of an almost 
> completely non-controversial and extremely useful list that comes 
> nowhere near symmetry in listing and delisting is the CBL.

Delisting in the CBL complies perfectly with the RFC. It is a timeout 
(as per 2.5) or if the problem is cleared up (as per 2.2) or removal 
without question (as per 2.7).


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On 30 Apr 2004, at 14:24, Bill Cole wrote:

> In many lists historically (notably the MAPS RBL and the Spamhaus SBL) 
> the apparent delisting criteria have been quite a bit less than 
> failing to meet the listing criteria, particularly for escalated 
> listings.

According to the details at 
http://www.spamhaus.org/sbl/sbl-rationale.html this is not the case. In 
all escalations I've seen the SBL do, once the problem is cleared up on 
the escalated network the listing is removed. Do you have recent 
counter examples? I'm sure the SBL operators would be interested.

I can't comment on the RBL as I haven't studied it enough.

> On the other side, it has been my experience in maintaining private 
> blacklists that they tend in practice to be tilted the other way with 
> listings being based on rather minimal indication of a problem and 
> delistings requiring not just an end to the triggering behavior, but 
> some sort of assurance that it will not recur and that there is a 
> positive benefit to delisting. My own explanation for this covering my 
> own local blacklist is at http://www.scconsult.com/scbldetails.html, 
> with the learest bit on that abpout 2/3 of the way down the page. I 
> know that this document is not aimed at private blacklists and that 
> private and public are inherently different, but it is worth 
> considering that multiple varieties of blacklist seem to reliably fail 
> to meet a standard of symmetry.

As you rightly point out, the BCP is specifically focussed on public 
blacklists, as detailed in section 2 "The Guidelines".

Our aim with the BCP was not to fit it around _all_ current practices, 
but to fit it around best practices. If you have good reasons for going 
against the guidelines please state them and we can consider the 
modification of the BCP.

> In the end, a requirement for symmetry in a BCP doesn't really have 
> any meaning. Existing lists are not managed that way in practice, but 
> it is a fairly simple matter of formal logic to change their published 
> criteria without changing actual practice so that there is formal 
> symmetry. For example, the CBL could define its listing criteria as 
> having acted like a compromised spam source more recently than having 
> had a removal requested or a listing timeout. IOW: take the practical 
> delisting criteria, negate them, and add them to the listing criteria. 
>  I believe that since Section 2.2 is not actually practiced in spirit 
> recognizably anywhere, but that it could be formally met without any 
> change in practice and simple adoption of more convoluted formal 
> criteria. In short, Section 2.2 does not express 'best current 
> practice' in any sense.

My gut feeling is it might not be worded right, or you've read it 
wrong, as the intent is in the right place, and it does in the authors' 
experience meet best current practices.

> I think it also may be better to approach the blacklist issue from a 
> model focused on process rather then one concentrated on criteria. 
> Every listing has a trigger event, and while that event may be 
> triggering an evaluation of criteria,  it may well be (as it seems to 
> be with the CBL)  that the event itself carries all the necessary 
> information to evaluate the listing criteria, and that a delisting 
> cannot possibly be a logical reverse of a listing.

This (I think) is your misreading. The BCP in no way means that 2.2 is 
the *only* delisting option. 2.5 is another option for delisting (which 
the CBL uses).

> (Incidentally, I bring up the CBL for examples because I believe that 
> by any measurable standard it is by far the best DNSBL ever published, 
> and that any BCP which essentially defined it as mismanaged would be 
> making a very harmful mistake.)

Indeed, and the authors agree. We do not thing we have done that.

Matt.


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> Perhaps 2.2 should say "Failing to meet the criteria for listing MUST be
> sufficient grounds for delisting".

Why?  I see no problem with a "sticky" list; for instance, to get
listed an IP must send >X amount of spam in Y time, to get unlisted it
must send <.1X in 10Y.

Seth

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In the process of writing a report that I am currently working on, I'm sure=
 I read somewhere on one of the lists or hundreds of documents that I have=
 read that someone mentioned a problem with having all these different=
 proposals.

The problem is that the recipient has no way of knowing which sender=
 authentication scheme that the claimed sender supports if any. Would it be=
 sensible and viable to have a standard put to be 'suggested' in the most=
 forceful way to the different developers to include some common lookup=
 functionality.

ie something along the lines of a single text record in the DNS zone of the=
 likes of "sender-authentication scheme: X" where X is a published unique=
 identifier for each technology.

That would solve recipients having to guess or try all the different=
 technologies until they get a match. If the record doesn't exist then the=
 client should assume sender authentication is not supported on that=
 domain.

Does that sound sensible?

Regards,
Colin.


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Subject: Re: [Asrg] draft-irtf-asrg-bcp-blacklists-00
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On 30 Apr 2004, at 15:30, Seth Breidbart wrote:

>> Perhaps 2.2 should say "Failing to meet the criteria for listing MUST 
>> be
>> sufficient grounds for delisting".
>
> Why?  I see no problem with a "sticky" list; for instance, to get
> listed an IP must send >X amount of spam in Y time, to get unlisted it
> must send <.1X in 10Y.

Because this is confusing.

However I don't think it's entirely incompatible with the BCP. The 
listing criteria could be as simple as "We have detected spam coming 
from this IP address". How you "detected" it (by spam levels exceeding 
a threshold) and how you "undetect" it is up to you.

Matt.


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From: John Levine <asrg@johnlevine.com>
To: asrg@ietf.org
In-Reply-To: <20040430152420.GN22336@mail>
Organization: I.E.C.C., Trumansburg NY USA
Cc: david@vex.net
Subject: [Asrg] Re: Consent protocols - was E-postage
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>> f. Sender pretends to be 300 other people and sends you buckets of spam.

Sorry, that was supposed to be:

f. Sender pretends to be 30,000 other people and sends you buckets of spam.

>Now, if you like, add greylisting for unknown senders, so that those
>300 msgs won't be accepted on the first try. Then, add a distributed
>blacklist which you check your mailqueue against before delivery to
>users' inboxes. Application of the blacklist can be part of whatever
>other content spam filters the user has.

DCC already does that.  It works reasonably well, with no need to
invent new consent protocols.

Regards,
John Levine, johnl@taugh.com, Taughannock Networks, Trumansburg NY
http://www.taugh.com

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From: David Maxwell <david@vex.net>
To: John Levine <asrg@johnlevine.com>
Cc: asrg@ietf.org
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Subject: [Asrg] Re: Consent protocols - was E-postage
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On Fri, 30 Apr 2004, John Levine wrote:
> >> f. Sender pretends to be 300 other people and sends you buckets of spam.
> >> 
> >> Bad guys won't play by your rules.
> >
> >That's not an assumption in the example. Sender can't pretend to be a
> >different Src IP.
> 
> The spam senders I know, withe their farms of zombies, don't have to
> pretend to be different source IPs, because each zombie has a separate
> IP all of its own.

That's not a problem. Each IP is a new Source, since it has no
reputation, it will be allocated 1msg/h (or whatever your initial
setting is). That means that you're down to 300 spam/h received in your
entire domain.

Now, if you like, add greylisting for unknown senders, so that those 300
msgs won't be accepted on the first try. Then, add a distributed
blacklist which you check your mailqueue against before delivery to
users' inboxes. Application of the blacklist can be part of whatever
other content spam filters the user has.

Now, each zombie can be used roughly once, before it gets into the
blacklist (they probably expire at some point). Spam sent from a
blacklisted zombie won't affect anyone who checks the list.

If you want some feedback to the zombie'd user, add a blacklist check to
your webpage - replace normal content with "This web page can not be
viewed by virus-infected client machines." - and maybe people would have
cause to clean up their PCs.

-- 
David Maxwell, david@vex.net|david@maxwell.net --> Unless you have a solution
when you tell them things like that, most people collapse into a gibbering, 
unthinking mass.  This is the same reason why you probably don't tell your 
boss about everything you read on BugTraq!    - Signal 11


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FYI:
http://www.tomshardware.com/hardnews/20040430_112422.html


--
Yakov Shafranovich / asrg <at> shaftek.org
SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc. / research <at> solidmatrix.com
"Some lies are easier to believe than the truth" (Dune)

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On April 29, 2004 at 22:09 rogerk@queernet.org (Roger B.A. Klorese) wrote:
 > Barry Shein wrote:
 > 
 > > Atomic multi-record updates? How about just a log which is processed
 > > asynchronously? Why in the world would this have to be kept in perfect
 > > sync in real-time?
 > 
 > Because it's the transfer of MONEY, Barry, which requires both exactness 
 > and atomicity.


Nonsense, utter nonsense.


-- 
        -Barry Shein

Software Tool & Die    | bzs@TheWorld.com           | http://www.TheWorld.com
Purveyors to the Trade | Voice: 617-739-0202        | Login: 617-739-WRLD
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Well anyhow the point which you seem to have lost, and which might
have some possible relevance to this discussion, is really very
simple:

Prior to around the Summer of 1989, in The United States of America*,
you could not buy a direct conection to the ARPAnet for money, such
connections were not for sale to the general public.

In order to get a connection, you had to be a qualifying institution
which, prior to NSFnet in 1988, meant you had a demonstrable research
need for a connection of interest to DARPA, and a sponsor.

This mainly meant that you had to have some significant research
contract or grant work with DARPA, ONR, or some other research branch
of the US military. Occasionally an NSF grant would be declared as
qualifying but usually that's because someone felt the tie-in to an
approvable agency existed.

Even the few non-US sites were justified under this requirement.

If you were approved, the funds for hookup (other than whatever bits
you needed to plug it into a computer or LAN on your end) were
included in the approval.

HENCE:

You could only (in effect) get a connection to the ARPAnet for FREE
(from the point of the recipient, applicant), you couldn't BUY your
way in (BBN's CSNET X.25 hookup might be an arguable exception but
it's not worth bickering, I think they managed to get maybe 4
customers of which only one, Apple, ever really paid.)

OBVIOUSLY it wasn't free for DARPA or whomever was providing the
actual funds for the connection but that's not interesting.

Then NSFNET started providing hookups to Universities in the US. But
you had to be a university. They might pay or not, it's a bit
complicated and not worth going into here.

The point was that you had to qualify. You couldn't just buy a
connection.

Which brings us to SPAM.

If we don't devise a method to pay your way, such as e-postage, then
the other choice is, like the ARPAnet, someone would have to vet
whether you get access or not based on some other criteria.

Now, granted (ahem) DARPA handled this quite well but then again it
was a nearly unknown (to the general public) research network with
around 200 member sites at its peak (pre-NSFNET.)

The fear is that if you re-create that sort of environment in today's
internet, for email, by coming up with some content-sensitive criteria
for who can send mail and who can't and under what conditions you'll
of necessity have to come up with some sort of vetting process, a
bureaucracy, demagogues, who make the decision.

Bear that in mind as others make proposals that wave their hands about
what is spam and what is not.

They are probably running for demagogue (or just lack the foresight to
consider this inevitability.)


* And I believe this was generally true elsewhere but you won't
believe me so what the hell I'll limit my comment to the USA as it's
just as valid.

-- 
        -Barry Shein

Software Tool & Die    | bzs@TheWorld.com           | http://www.TheWorld.com
Purveyors to the Trade | Voice: 617-739-0202        | Login: 617-739-WRLD
The World              | Public Access Internet     | Since 1989     *oo*

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Apologies for the double post.
I assumed the first email wasn't going through as I sent it with the wrong=
 from address.


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From: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>
Organization: SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc.
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This was suggested by the SPF folks several times, and I believe that it 
is their general intent with renaming of SPF to "Sender Policy 
Framework". You can also take a look at the RESCAP group in the IETF 
which was active a few years ago, which pursued a similar initiative.

However, considering that most of the authentication proposals have 
moded to MARID WG in the IETF, perhaps you should ask your question 
there as well.

Yakov

cw wrote:
> In the process of writing a report that I am currently working on,
> I'm sure I read somewhere on one of the lists or hundreds of
> documents that I have read that someone mentioned a problem with
> having all these different proposals.
> 
> The problem is that the recipient has no way of knowing which sender
> authentication scheme that the claimed sender supports if any. Would
> it be sensible and viable to have a standard put to be 'suggested' in
> the most forceful way to the different developers to include some
> common lookup functionality.
> 
> ie something along the lines of a single text record in the DNS zone
> of the likes of "sender-authentication scheme: X" where X is a
> published unique identifier for each technology.
> 
> That would solve recipients having to guess or try all the different
> technologies until they get a match. If the record doesn't exist then
> the client should assume sender authentication is not supported on
> that domain.
> 
> Does that sound sensible?
> 
> Regards, Colin.

--
Yakov Shafranovich / asrg <at> shaftek.org
SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc. / research <at> solidmatrix.com
"And this too shall come to pass"

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In the process of writing a report that I am currently working on, I'm sure=
 I read somewhere on one of the lists or hundreds of documents that I have=
 read that someone mentioned a problem with having all these different=
 proposals.

The problem is that the recipient has no way of knowing which sender=
 authentication scheme that the claimed sender supports if any. Would it be=
 sensible and viable to have a standard put to be 'suggested' in the most=
 forceful way to the different developers to include some common lookup=
 functionality.

ie something along the lines of a single text record in the DNS zone of the=
 likes of "sender-authentication scheme: X" where X is a published unique=
 identifier for each technology.

That would solve recipients having to guess or try all the different=
 technologies until they get a match. If the record doesn't exist then the=
 client should assume sender authentication is not supported on that=
 domain.

Does that sound sensible?

Regards,
Colin.


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        richard_willey@symantec.com
Subject: Re: [Asrg] (no subject)
References: <C6DDA43B91BFDA49AA2F1E473732113E5DBBE5@mou1wnexm05.vcorp.ad.vrsn.com>	<16528.11346.656296.255405@world.std.com>	<409031A9.2010809@queernet.org>	<16528.27844.324796.238684@world.std.com>	<409090DF.4010409@queernet.org>	<16529.44960.141923.272661@world.std.com>	<4091DF9D.8030701@queernet.org> <16530.48483.56586.781154@world.std.com>
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Barry Shein wrote:

>Nonsense, utter nonsense.
>  
>

Your "utter nonsense" is utter nonsense.

Especially since you're dealing with people with whom you DO NOT 
otherwise have an existing relationship, billing in arrears is 
impractical and unenforceable.  It only makes sense for it to be 
immediate pay-as-you-go.

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On Fri, 30 Apr 2004 17:50:46 -0400, Yakov Shafranovich wrote:
>=A0This was suggested by the SPF folks several times, and I believe
>=A0that it is their general intent with renaming of SPF to "Sender
>=A0Policy Framework". You can also take a look at the RESCAP group in
>=A0the IETF which was active a few years ago, which pursued a similar
>=A0initiative.

Thanks for the info, as per usual every thing I have thought of along my way=
 has already been thought of though I'd completely missed that SPF suggested=
 such and haven't looked at RESCAP.

Regards,
Colin.


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From: Jonathan Morton <chromi@chromatix.demon.co.uk>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 3 (Message Verification) - Viability of hashcash-based signatures (was: E-postage from first principles)
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> - The stamp optionally includes a signature to facilitate 
> whitelisting.  This can reduce the hashcash demanded from regular 
> correspondents to as low as 8 bits, which is computationally 
> trivial...
>
> ...If nobody happens to have a Z80 and a compiler to hand, I'll put in 
> some work and try it for the 6502 instead - I have a handful of old 
> BBC Micros lying around.

To answer my own question, I've worked out that a 6502 can process an 
SHA-1 block in about 40000 cycles, which compares surprisingly well to 
the 68030 (and begs an investigation into precisely why the '030 is so 
inefficient).  This is completely untested code - I didn't even type it 
into the machine, just worked out the timing piecemeal from the 
assembly manual - but the ballpark figure should be accurate.

To put this in perspective, it means that my 1982-vintage BBC Micros 
(with 2MHz 6502 chips) should be able to mint 8-bit hashcash in about 5 
seconds on average, and most other 8-bit accumulator machines 
(including the Z80 family) should be comparable.  This, in turn, means 
that my whitelist-grade signature scheme should be computationally 
feasible for pretty much every "computer" capable of running a TCP/IP 
stack.  This encourages me to continue working on a more detailed spec 
for discussion.

Code size may be more of a problem, however, as the 40000-cycle 
performance assumes a fairly unrolled-loop code configuration, which 
consumes a significant portion of a 16-bit address space (exact size 
not calculated, but 4-8KB is possible).  It also assumes a fixed area 
of RAM, including 25 bytes of zero page and 340 bytes elsewhere, is 
available and hard-coded into the program.  For machines with a paged 
ROM system and a half-decent memory map, this shouldn't be a serious 
problem, but for some microcontrollers it may require a tradeoff of 
code size and/or position-independence against performance.

In any case, it is certainly no problem for any truly 32-bit machine.

--------------------------------------------------------------
from:     Jonathan "Chromatix" Morton
mail:     chromi@chromatix.demon.co.uk
website:  http://www.chromatix.uklinux.net/
tagline:  The key to knowledge is not to rely on people to teach you it.


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