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From: David Maxwell <david@vex.net>
To: John Levine <asrg@johnlevine.com>
Cc: asrg@ietf.org
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Subject: [Asrg] Re: Consent protocols - was E-postage
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On Fri, 30 Apr 2004, John Levine wrote:
> >> f. Sender pretends to be 300 other people and sends you buckets of spam.
> Sorry, that was supposed to be:
> f. Sender pretends to be 30,000 other people and sends you buckets of spam.

Sure. You seem to be saying "Does this scale?". I suggest that it scales
better than having to do content inspection, or manual filtering of
spam from X hosts.

> >Now, if you like, add greylisting for unknown senders, so that those
> >300 msgs won't be accepted on the first try. Then, add a distributed
> >blacklist which you check your mailqueue against before delivery to
> >users' inboxes. Application of the blacklist can be part of whatever
> >other content spam filters the user has.
> 
> DCC already does that.  It works reasonably well, with no need to
> invent new consent protocols.

DCC today, is used as a first line of defence. Your MTA needs to accept
all X messages, and check a DCC for them.

With the scheme I described, you make DCC the second line of defense,
and save a lot of work in two out of three cases.

Case one: For Sender IPs that you develop Trust for, you may choose not
to bother checking the DCC. In my case, this would account for roughly
half my mail (the non-spam half).

Case two: For Sender IPs that you develop Distrust for, you may choose
not to accept connections at all. 

Case three: For new Sender IPs, you do all the filtering you do now,
_and_ you offer a chance for them to self-identify as spammers, by
exceeding your specified rate limit.


I realize that the argument about whether to give negative feedback to
spammers is not a closed issue by any means, but I like that in Case
two, you reduce bandwidth demands across the backbone by not letting the
spam flow to you in the first place.

-- 
David Maxwell, david@vex.net|david@maxwell.net --> Although some of you out
there might find a microwave oven controlled by a Unix system an attractive
idea, controlling a microwave oven is easily accomplished with the smallest
of microcontrollers. - Russ Hersch - (Microcontroller primer and FAQ)


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Subject: Re: [Asrg] draft-irtf-asrg-bcp-blacklists-00
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Matt Sergeant wrote:

> On 30 Apr 2004, at 15:30, Seth Breidbart wrote:
> 
>>> Perhaps 2.2 should say "Failing to meet the criteria for listing MUST be
>>> sufficient grounds for delisting".

>> Why?  I see no problem with a "sticky" list; for instance, to get
>> listed an IP must send >X amount of spam in Y time, to get unlisted it
>> must send <.1X in 10Y.

> Because this is confusing.

> However I don't think it's entirely incompatible with the BCP. The 
> listing criteria could be as simple as "We have detected spam coming 
> from this IP address". How you "detected" it (by spam levels exceeding a 
> threshold) and how you "undetect" it is up to you.

I agree.  The intent was to "frown" on delisting requirements orthogonal 
to the listing.  Like payment of fees, or other things that had nothing 
to do with the listing.

An element of hysteresis (ie: timewise or thresholdwise) is okay, IMO.

I think I prefer Tony's wording.

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From: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>
Organization: SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc.
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I added info on the ASRG chatroom to the homepage:

http://asrg.sp.am/about/chatroom.shtml

Schedule of chats is in the ASRG wiki:

http://asrg.sp.am/wiki?ChatSchedule

Yakov
--
Yakov Shafranovich / asrg <at> shaftek.org
SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc. / research <at> solidmatrix.com
"Some lies are easier to believe than the truth" (Dune)

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From: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>
Organization: SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc.
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We are planning on holding a physical meeting for the ASRG at the 60th 
IETF in San Diego, CA during the week of August 1-6, 2004. Information 
on the meeting will be posted here:
http://asrg.sp.am/about/meetings.shtml

Information on IETF's 60th meeting can be found here:
http://www.ietf.org/meetings/IETF-60.html

If you want to present, please contact the chairs at <chairs@asrg.sp.am>.

Yakov
--
Yakov Shafranovich / asrg <at> shaftek.org
SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc. / research <at> solidmatrix.com
"Some lies are easier to believe than the truth" (Dune)

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There is a wiki now available at the ASRG site:

http://asrg.sp.am/wiki

Yakov
--
Yakov Shafranovich / asrg <at> shaftek.org
SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc. / research <at> solidmatrix.com
"And this too shall come to pass"

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To: asrg@ietf.org
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] draft-irtf-asrg-bcp-blacklists-00
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At 11:03 PM -0400 5/1/04, Chris Lewis wrote:
>Matt Sergeant wrote:
>
>>On 30 Apr 2004, at 15:30, Seth Breidbart wrote:
>>
>>>>Perhaps 2.2 should say "Failing to meet the criteria for listing MUST be
>>>>sufficient grounds for delisting".
>
>>>Why?  I see no problem with a "sticky" list; for instance, to get
>>>listed an IP must send >X amount of spam in Y time, to get unlisted it
>>>must send <.1X in 10Y.
>
>>Because this is confusing.
>
>>However I don't think it's entirely incompatible with the BCP. The 
>>listing criteria could be as simple as "We have detected spam 
>>coming from this IP address". How you "detected" it (by spam levels 
>>exceeding a threshold) and how you "undetect" it is up to you.
>
>I agree.  The intent was to "frown" on delisting requirements 
>orthogonal to the listing.  Like payment of fees, or other things 
>that had nothing to do with the listing.
>
>An element of hysteresis (ie: timewise or thresholdwise) is okay, IMO.
>
>I think I prefer Tony's wording.


I agree but it remains imperfect.

It is a matter of phrasing of criteria to some extent. e.g. for the 
CBL, if you describe the condition for listing as "having acted like 
a compromised machine emitting spam within the timeout period and 
without having since requested removal" then failing to meet the 
listing criteria does effect a delisting.

However, this sort of framing of criteria makes room for such things 
as the SORBS donation requirement.

I'm not sure where a solution is.


-- 
Bill Cole                                  
bill@scconsult.com


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On Sat, 1 May 2004, Bill Cole wrote:

> It is a matter of phrasing of criteria to some extent. e.g. for the 
> CBL, if you describe the condition for listing as "having acted like 
> a compromised machine emitting spam within the timeout period and 
> without having since requested removal" then failing to meet the 
> listing criteria does effect a delisting.
> 
> However, this sort of framing of criteria makes room for such things 
> as the SORBS donation requirement.

In designing the BCP we didn't think something like SORBS donation 
requirement should be excluded, so long as this requirement is clearly 
listed on their web site.

Matt.


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On Fri, Apr 30, 2004 at 03:23:10PM +0100, Matt Sergeant wrote

> Our aim with the BCP was not to fit it around _all_ current practices,
> but to fit it around best practices. If you have good reasons for
> going against the guidelines please state them and we can consider
> the modification of the BCP.

  The BCP document assumes that people are nice, or at least polite.  If
they were, there wouldn't be a need for DNSbl's in the first place.  In
a "kinder gentler" world, paragraph 2.6 MUST-have-a-contact requirement
would make sense.  However, in real life, spammers aren't nice.  Consider
the following...

  - MAPS was sued into uselessness by a bunch of dot-coms flush with
    cash from IPO's who engaged in the lawsuit equivalent of a gang-rape

  - Felstein and company left a bunch of people out of pocket thousands
    of dollars in legal fees, even though the civil complaints were
    dropped and the case never got to trial

  - Scott Richter is currently suing SpamCop

  Unlike British Commonwealth countries (Britain, Canada, Australia,
etc) the USA does *NOT* have an automatic "loser pays" clause for
lawsuits.  The USA gave the world SLAPP.  Would you care to provide
multi-million dollar funds in escrow to defend against such lawsuits and
pay off any stupid judgements awarded by juries?

  And it's not merely a case of money.  I wouldn't be surprised if the
mobsters behind some of the spammers resorted to contract killings to
shut down impediments to their "bizniss".  In a climate like this, I
understand why the principals behind SPEWS seek anonymity.  Please
understand that we're dealing with a bunch of thugs, hooligans, and
criminals.  If we get into a streetfight against them whilst restricting
ourselves to Marquis of Queensbury rules, we're guaranteed to lose.

  If I sound passionate, it's because DNSbls help keep my email usable,
which gives me a personal stake in the success/failure of DNSbls.  If
they go under, I'll either switch to whitelist-only, or possibly give up
on email altogether.

  In terms of improvements to this BCP, I have an idea that would render
the rest of the BCP moot...

====================================================================
Paragraph 0
  Internet Service Providers who provide inbound email service to the
public *MUST* allow individual customers to select which DNSbls and/or
filters are applied to their incoming email, except as listed below.
The only exceptions shall be...

  1) When an incoming email is reliably confirmed to be a virus by a
scanner, it may be either rejected at the SMTP stage with a 5xx message
or diverted into a quarantined folder or dropped.  It *MUST NOT* trigger
a DSN to the alleged sender of the email, because email source info
(both From: and Envelope-Sender) is usually forged by viruses.

  2) IP addresses which launch Denial-Of-Service attacks or dictionary
attacks on the ISP may be ignored by the mailserver or firewalled or
null-routed or blocked via other purely defensive measures.
====================================================================

  The real problem is ISPs who use the one-size-fits-all approach, and
use the same DNSbl(s) for all their clients.  Allow people to use which
ever DNSbls they want, and the bad DNSbls lose users, and fade away.
DNSbls with good reputations would have lots of users.  This would also
provide ISPs some protection against lawsuits by spammers, because the
ISP would not be responsible for an individual user's choice of blocking
criteria.

-- 
Walter Dnes <waltdnes@waltdnes.org>
Email users are divided into two classes;
1) Those who have effective spam-blocking
2) Those who wish they did

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Organization: SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc.
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This was sent to me from the FCC.

Yakov

-------- Original Message --------
The initial Comment period for the FCC's wireless spam ruling making
closed on April 30, and the FCC is now accepting Replies to those
comments through May 17. The comments that were submitted can be
reviewed by going to the FCC's Electronic Comment Filing System search
page at http://gullfoss2.fcc.gov/prod/ecfs/comsrch_v2.cgi and searching
on the proceeding "04-53".

General information about the subject of this rulemaking is available at
http://www.fcc.gov/cgb/policy/canspam.html.  This includes a summary of
the questions of interpretation and technical solutions that have been
addressed in the comments received to date.

Individuals or groups interested in filing comments (e.g., in response
to the Comments received to date) can find detailed instructions on how
to file Reply comments in Paragraphs 56-60 on p. 23 of the Notice of
Proposed Rulemaking at
http://hraunfoss.fcc.gov/edocs_public/attachmatch/FCC-04-52A1.doc.
Comments for this proceeding can also be easily filed using the FCC's
ECFS Express option, at http://gullfoss2.fcc.gov/ecfs/Upload/.



--
Yakov Shafranovich / asrg <at> shaftek.org
SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc. / research <at> solidmatrix.com
"Some lies are easier to believe than the truth" (Dune)

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Subject: Re: [Asrg] News: Postini patents the relay server?
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I work with Postini every day. 7 days a week vending the solution to 
customers.

I do not believe the patent can even closely be tied to a patent on the 
notion of a relay. What the patent does cover is processing, not 
relaying, at an intermediate point, prior to delivery. Reading the 
patent, not responding to this explanation is your best bet to decide if 
the patent has merit.

My job is to protect users and organizations from SPAM in a constructive 
manner, not interpret the merit of the patent or patent law in general.

Kindest,

Lane

Sauer, Damon wrote:

>http://www.eweek.com/article2/0,1759,1568961,00.asp
>
>*****
>"The information transmitted is intended only for the person or entity to which it is addressed and may contain confidential, proprietary, and/or privileged material.  Any review, retransmission, dissemination or other use of, or taking of any action in reliance upon, this information by persons or entities other than the intended recipient is prohibited.  If you received this in error, please contact the sender and delete the material from all computers."  113
>
>
>_______________________________________________
>Asrg mailing list
>Asrg@ietf.org
>https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg
>
>  
>

-- 
Lane Sharman
Providing Private and SPAM-Free Email
http://www.opendoors.com
858-755-2868




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To: Lane Sharman <lane@opendoors.com>
Cc: "Sauer, Damon" <Damon.Sauer@BELLSOUTH.COM>, ASRG <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] News: Postini patents the relay server?
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On 03/05/04 11:56 -0700, Lane Sharman wrote:
> I work with Postini every day. 7 days a week vending the solution to 
> customers.
> 
> I do not believe the patent can even closely be tied to a patent on the 
> notion of a relay. What the patent does cover is processing, not 
> relaying, at an intermediate point, prior to delivery. Reading the 
"Processing at an intermediate point" also covers a server acting as an
application level gateway filtering on content.

> patent, not responding to this explanation is your best bet to decide if 
> the patent has merit.
>
> 
> My job is to protect users and organizations from SPAM in a constructive 
> manner, not interpret the merit of the patent or patent law in general.
Protecting users from canned meat? :)
Please respect Hormel's trademark.

Devdas Bhagat

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I certainly agree with the spirit of what Walter Dnes is saying below.

Looking at the BCP draft makes me feel like I'm watching a bunch of
cub scouts propose how to deal with Al Qaeda.

So if we're voting, in some sense, you can count my vote as "no,
because this draft is embarrassingly naive".

	-b


On May 2, 2004 at 17:59 waltdnes@waltdnes.org (Walter Dnes) wrote:
 > On Fri, Apr 30, 2004 at 03:23:10PM +0100, Matt Sergeant wrote
 > 
 > > Our aim with the BCP was not to fit it around _all_ current practices,
 > > but to fit it around best practices. If you have good reasons for
 > > going against the guidelines please state them and we can consider
 > > the modification of the BCP.
 > 
 >   The BCP document assumes that people are nice, or at least polite.  If
 > they were, there wouldn't be a need for DNSbl's in the first place.  In
 > a "kinder gentler" world, paragraph 2.6 MUST-have-a-contact requirement
 > would make sense.  However, in real life, spammers aren't nice.  Consider
 > the following...
 > 
 >   - MAPS was sued into uselessness by a bunch of dot-coms flush with
 >     cash from IPO's who engaged in the lawsuit equivalent of a gang-rape
 > 
 >   - Felstein and company left a bunch of people out of pocket thousands
 >     of dollars in legal fees, even though the civil complaints were
 >     dropped and the case never got to trial
 > 
 >   - Scott Richter is currently suing SpamCop
 > 
 >   Unlike British Commonwealth countries (Britain, Canada, Australia,
 > etc) the USA does *NOT* have an automatic "loser pays" clause for
 > lawsuits.  The USA gave the world SLAPP.  Would you care to provide
 > multi-million dollar funds in escrow to defend against such lawsuits and
 > pay off any stupid judgements awarded by juries?
 > 
 >   And it's not merely a case of money.  I wouldn't be surprised if the
 > mobsters behind some of the spammers resorted to contract killings to
 > shut down impediments to their "bizniss".  In a climate like this, I
 > understand why the principals behind SPEWS seek anonymity.  Please
 > understand that we're dealing with a bunch of thugs, hooligans, and
 > criminals.  If we get into a streetfight against them whilst restricting
 > ourselves to Marquis of Queensbury rules, we're guaranteed to lose.
 > 
 >   If I sound passionate, it's because DNSbls help keep my email usable,
 > which gives me a personal stake in the success/failure of DNSbls.  If
 > they go under, I'll either switch to whitelist-only, or possibly give up
 > on email altogether.
 > 
 >   In terms of improvements to this BCP, I have an idea that would render
 > the rest of the BCP moot...
 > 
 > ====================================================================
 > Paragraph 0
 >   Internet Service Providers who provide inbound email service to the
 > public *MUST* allow individual customers to select which DNSbls and/or
 > filters are applied to their incoming email, except as listed below.
 > The only exceptions shall be...
 > 
 >   1) When an incoming email is reliably confirmed to be a virus by a
 > scanner, it may be either rejected at the SMTP stage with a 5xx message
 > or diverted into a quarantined folder or dropped.  It *MUST NOT* trigger
 > a DSN to the alleged sender of the email, because email source info
 > (both From: and Envelope-Sender) is usually forged by viruses.
 > 
 >   2) IP addresses which launch Denial-Of-Service attacks or dictionary
 > attacks on the ISP may be ignored by the mailserver or firewalled or
 > null-routed or blocked via other purely defensive measures.
 > ====================================================================
 > 
 >   The real problem is ISPs who use the one-size-fits-all approach, and
 > use the same DNSbl(s) for all their clients.  Allow people to use which
 > ever DNSbls they want, and the bad DNSbls lose users, and fade away.
 > DNSbls with good reputations would have lots of users.  This would also
 > provide ISPs some protection against lawsuits by spammers, because the
 > ISP would not be responsible for an individual user's choice of blocking
 > criteria.
 > 
 > -- 
 > Walter Dnes <waltdnes@waltdnes.org>
 > Email users are divided into two classes;
 > 1) Those who have effective spam-blocking
 > 2) Those who wish they did
 > 
 > _______________________________________________
 > Asrg mailing list
 > Asrg@ietf.org
 > https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg

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On 5/1/04 8:36 PM, Bill Cole sent forth electrons to convey:

>
> However, this sort of framing of criteria makes room for such things 
> as the SORBS donation requirement.

Which, IMO, is BCP. 

I like Walt's Paragraph 0!

Specific comments:

  Abstract
   1. Introduction
   2. The Guidelines.
   2.1. "Truth in Advertising".
This should be expanded to a list of specific disclosures that MUST be disclosed [promptness, removal process,...], in addition to the general requirement that listing and delisting criteria be provided.
   2.2. Same Criteria for Listing and Delisting.
The discussion has made it clear to me that this is a meaningless entry; I can think of no blacklist policy that would and should be considered a violation.

   2.3. Listing/Delisting Criteria MUST Be Easily Available.
There needs to be some accomodation/clarification.  Is 
http://www.spamcop.net/fom-serve/cache/297.html good enough for 2.1 and 2.3?  I can't tell!  This needs to be clear, e.g. is this ok?: "Some rules are spelled out in vague terms to slow down spammer adaptation."
   2.4. Collateral Damage Only as a Measure of Last Resort.
Some claim SPEWS violates this, but SPEWS itself disagrees (and seems to at times act specifically to avoid it) and as those parties will always disagree, I see no benefit to the entry.
   2.5. Listings SHOULD Be Temporary.
No. Location based RBLs are perfectly legitimate, useful, and there's no reason for them to be temporary.
   2.6. MUST Have a Direct Non-Public Way to Request Removal.
This is actually poor practice IMO.  BCP would be to NOT have a non-public way to be contacted.  Works well to prevent SLAPP suits.
Requiring any contact attempt be via a public forum is BCP.
   2.7. Removals MUST Be Prompt.
This should be a matter of policy.  "BLs _that claim to be prompt_ must be prompt" makes sense.  
   2.8. Removals MUST Be Possible in Absence of List Maintainer.
   2.9. MUST Have an Audit Trail.
No. BLs based on spamtraps are BCP. Many spammers listwash spamtraps if they can.  NOT providing a full public audit trail is BCP!
   2.10. Shutdowns MUST Be Done in a Graceful Fashion.
I suggest a specific result code be codified to represent [urgent action needed by admin, e.g. this list has shut down, etc.]
   3. Special Rules for Blacklists Listing Insecure Machines.
See the SPEWS FAQ for why this is a bad idea.
   3.1. No Automated Probes [Scanning or Probes? - inconsistent].  
Scanning in response to an attempt to email a system for the first time seems reasonable to me.
   3.2. Reasonable Re-scan Periods.


In general, it seems like the authors don't have much respect for the 
tireless *volunteer* BL maintainers and need to spend more time thinking 
about things from the POV of the BL maintainers.
It's surprising that we're spending time on this when there isn't even a 
current BCP for how abuse desks should be run.  There's bestprac.org, 
but no IETF document, AFAIK. Cart before the horse if you ask me: most 
BLs are run responsibly; most abuse desks aren't. But a BCP is a good 
idea, so there are some ideas.


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Subject: RE: [Asrg] News: Postini patents the relay server?
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This will be quite interesting to see how this pans out. After reading the
claims, a few potential holes in this patent could be:

Is there a difference between "changing" a DNS entry and "adding" a DNS
entry.  Claim 1a specifically states "changing" a DNS entry. Well, if I
don't change it, but rather add another one, one could make the argument
that there is no infringement. 

Is there a difference between addressing email to a Domain vs. a destination
email server? Claim 1b covers "..email message data addressed to the
destination mail server...".  Well, my email is never addressed to a
destination mail server. It's addressed to a Domain. 

What does "processing" cover?  Claim 1c talks about "processing the email
data".  Does relaying an email mean processing it?  I did a quick search
through their patent for the word "relay" and it does not show anywhere.  If
they have not shown how their invention is different from the prior art of
an email relay, they might be very susceptible to an easy prior-art argument
as mail relays are very well documented.

Claim 1 is pretty general. One could make an argument that it is a
description of an typical SMTP relay, which is obvious prior art.  It would
be interesting to see how the Patent Examiner forced them to differentiate
that claim over a normal relay process.

If their claims hold, there's a lot of MX routing antispam solutions out
there that might be very concerned.  They might also be able to go after
anyone that relays email, at least according to Claims 1 & 19. 

Peter Kay
President, Titan Key Software 
 
 

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Devdas Bhagat [mailto:devdas@dvb.homelinux.org] 
> Sent: Monday, May 03, 2004 9:45 AM
> To: Lane Sharman
> Cc: Sauer, Damon; ASRG
> Subject: Re: [Asrg] News: Postini patents the relay server?
> 
> On 03/05/04 11:56 -0700, Lane Sharman wrote:
> > I work with Postini every day. 7 days a week vending the 
> solution to 
> > customers.
> > 
> > I do not believe the patent can even closely be tied to a patent on 
> > the notion of a relay. What the patent does cover is 
> processing, not 
> > relaying, at an intermediate point, prior to delivery. Reading the
> "Processing at an intermediate point" also covers a server 
> acting as an application level gateway filtering on content.
> 
> > patent, not responding to this explanation is your best bet 
> to decide 
> > if the patent has merit.
> >
> > 
> > My job is to protect users and organizations from SPAM in a 
> > constructive manner, not interpret the merit of the patent 
> or patent law in general.
> Protecting users from canned meat? :)
> Please respect Hormel's trademark.
> 
> Devdas Bhagat
> 
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg
> 
> 
> 
> 




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On May 3, 2004 at 15:21 matthew@elvey.com (Matthew Elvey) wrote:
 > In general, it seems like the authors don't have much respect for the 
 > tireless *volunteer* BL maintainers and need to spend more time thinking 
 > about things from the POV of the BL maintainers.
    

I think one of the worst features of BLs are that they're often run by
volunteers who can then feel sorry for themselves when they get in
over their heads.

But so long as that's disclosed I have no problem with volunteer BLs
existing, per se, not my point. I just don't think the fact that
they're (often) volunteer staffed should be grounds to give them a lot
of slack on BCP.

The problem is there's too much potential for damage and chaos, and
being able to say "well we're not being paid anyhow" isn't really
something very good to codify. Imagine if volunteer MD's said oh well,
we weren't paid anyhow, sorry about the botched surgery, go warn your
friends not to use us anymore...

Free software is one thing, but something like a BL has some non-zero
potential to do significant damage if poorly run, particularly if
suddenly poorly run (it was great until finals week!)

I'd've skipped saying something so obvious but there it was right in
that message, "respect for the tireless *volunteer* BL maintainers".


-- 
        -Barry Shein

Software Tool & Die    | bzs@TheWorld.com           | http://www.TheWorld.com
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] draft-irtf-asrg-bcp-blacklists-00
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I'll address some specific points, and hope that Chris can comment on 
those I've avoided.

On 3 May 2004, at 23:21, Matthew Elvey wrote:

>   2.4. Collateral Damage Only as a Measure of Last Resort.
> Some claim SPEWS violates this, but SPEWS itself disagrees (and seems 
> to at times act specifically to avoid it) and as those parties will 
> always disagree, I see no benefit to the entry.

Because this is just a BCP, whether or not there's disagreement that 
SPEWS (or any other blocklist) complies is outside of the scope IMHO.

>   2.5. Listings SHOULD Be Temporary.
> No. Location based RBLs are perfectly legitimate, useful, and there's 
> no reason for them to be temporary.

A valid point. I believe in an earlier draft we had a footnote about 
location based BLs, and it may got lost in the conversion to RFC format 
(which doesn't have footnotes). I think this can be covered in the 
verbiage for the rule.

>   2.9. MUST Have an Audit Trail.
> No. BLs based on spamtraps are BCP. Many spammers listwash spamtraps 
> if they can.  NOT providing a full public audit trail is BCP!

OK, this could be clarified to some extent. The authors took the 
examples of SPEWS, SBL and CBL as guidance here, which all have audit 
trails. However these audit trails don't include the spamtrap addresses 
used to generate the listings, so I can see that some clarification 
could help here in terms of what data is useful to display to the 
public if a public version of the audit trail is provided.

>   2.10. Shutdowns MUST Be Done in a Graceful Fashion.
> I suggest a specific result code be codified to represent [urgent 
> action needed by admin, e.g. this list has shut down, etc.]

We tried to avoid codifying a specific shutdown procedure. We would 
hope to see that appear in an RFC, rather than in a BCP. If that 
happens we could reference said RFC.

>   3. Special Rules for Blacklists Listing Insecure Machines.
> See the SPEWS FAQ for why this is a bad idea.
>   3.1. No Automated Probes [Scanning or Probes? - inconsistent].  
> Scanning in response to an attempt to email a system for the first 
> time seems reasonable to me.

And yet there is a lot of disagreement about this (see multiple 
discussions about RR doing this).

> In general, it seems like the authors don't have much respect for the 
> tireless *volunteer* BL maintainers and need to spend more time 
> thinking about things from the POV of the BL maintainers.

On the contrary, the authors have thought about this a great deal, and 
have discussed the issues here with blocklist maintainers to try and 
reach a reasonable level for the BCP that is both achievable, and also 
a high enough bar that the BCP is actually useful. If we set the rules 
so flexible that anything is possible then there would be little point 
in publishing it.

Matt.


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Subject: Re: [Asrg] draft-irtf-asrg-bcp-blacklists-00
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At 11:40 AM +0100 5/4/04, Matt Sergeant wrote:

[...]
>>   2.10. Shutdowns MUST Be Done in a Graceful Fashion.
>>I suggest a specific result code be codified to represent [urgent 
>>action needed by admin, e.g. this list has shut down, etc.]
>
>We tried to avoid codifying a specific shutdown procedure. We would 
>hope to see that appear in an RFC, rather than in a BCP. If that 
>happens we could reference said RFC.

Do you mean a descendant of 
http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-irtf-asrg-dnsbl-00.txt or 
some additional RFC?

Outlines for orderly shutdown of DNSBL's have been composed and 
posted publicly in 3 waves over the past 3 years (unfortunately in 
the first 2 cases, AFTER operators have listed the entire net to 
drive away users) and it is not a complicated matter or really a very 
controversial issue, it's just quite specific. It boils down to a 
method for shutting down any zone: add a long-TTL NS record for the 
zone into the parent zone with a RHS of either "." or a name in the 
parent zone with a long-TTL A record with a RHS of either '.' or to 
an address in 127/8 other than 127.0.0.1.

The only reason that orderly shutdown has ever been an issue is that 
the most noisily terminated DNSBL's have been run by people who sadly 
have been clueless about DNS. There's no need for a complex dance of 
special entries in-zone alerting users to the death of a DNSBL, 
giving way to eventually just going dead or listing the entire net.

>>   3. Special Rules for Blacklists Listing Insecure Machines.
>>See the SPEWS FAQ for why this is a bad idea.
>>   3.1. No Automated Probes [Scanning or Probes? - inconsistent]. 
>>Scanning in response to an attempt to email a system for the first 
>>time seems reasonable to me.
>
>And yet there is a lot of disagreement about this (see multiple 
>discussions about RR doing this).

There are huge disagreements over when security probes without 
explicit permission might be acceptable. It is surprising to me that 
there is not already an RFC of some sort covering that, as it is an 
issue that extends far beyond the issue of spam.

>>In general, it seems like the authors don't have much respect for 
>>the tireless *volunteer* BL maintainers and need to spend more time 
>>thinking about things from the POV of the BL maintainers.
>
>On the contrary, the authors have thought about this a great deal, 
>and have discussed the issues here with blocklist maintainers to try 
>and reach a reasonable level for the BCP that is both achievable, 
>and also a high enough bar that the BCP is actually useful. If we 
>set the rules so flexible that anything is possible then there would 
>be little point in publishing it.

Do you consider technical best practices relevant to this BCP or not?

I ask because it seems that the draft is focused on policy best 
practices, and while that is useful it is not the low-hanging fruit. 
A few tips for those well-meaning but not always technically adept 
volunteers would be good, and facilitate things like orderly 
shutdown. For example:

MUST have NS records for the base zone and any sub-zone that 
represents a discrete list (this facilitates scalability and hence 
attack resistance of a list, as well as making orderly shutdown more 
orderly)

MUST NOT make the availability of documentation of the list dependant 
on continued operation of DNS for the list's zone. (This keeps the 
documentation of a list out of the line of fire of attacks and allows 
for the continued existence of something like a web page saying "It's 
dead!" even after an orderly shutdown)

SHOULD NOT have any records in the DNSBL zone other than DNSBL 
entries (again, this assists in orderly shutdown, because it makes 
the zone used fo0r the list disposable)

MAY list loopback, RFC1918, LINK-LOCAL, class D/E, and any other 
permanently reserved or special-use IPv4 addresses and MUST publicly 
document  any such listings. (It is a rare month when no one 
expresses shock in public that some address with purely local meaning 
is in some DNSBL. It has been suggested that some reserved address be 
used as a test for whether a list is alive. )


Those may be slightly debatable on strength, but it seems to me that 
if there is going to be a formal codification and documentation of 
DNSBL practice, it would be a good thing to at least alert people 
referring to the documents to some of the technical pitfalls hit by 
prior operators and how to avoid them.



-- 
Bill Cole                                  
bill@scconsult.com


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At 12:16 AM -0400 5/4/04, Barry Shein wrote:
>On May 3, 2004 at 15:21 matthew@elvey.com (Matthew Elvey) wrote:
>  > In general, it seems like the authors don't have much respect for the
>  > tireless *volunteer* BL maintainers and need to spend more time thinking
>  > about things from the POV of the BL maintainers.
>
>
>I think one of the worst features of BLs are that they're often run by
>volunteers who can then feel sorry for themselves when they get in
>over their heads.
>
>But so long as that's disclosed I have no problem with volunteer BLs
>existing, per se, not my point. I just don't think the fact that
>they're (often) volunteer staffed should be grounds to give them a lot
>of slack on BCP.

Absolutely correct, indeed the reason there needs to be a BCP is that 
there is an established history of some of those amateur volunteers 
(including one owner of a small ISP) doing spectacularly bad things 
with their DNSBL's.

Draft 00 doesn't cover the most common and easiest to avoid technical 
sloppiness  of DNSBL's. I hope that is going to be fixed.



-- 
Bill Cole
bill@scconsult.com


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On 4 May 2004, at 14:25, Bill Cole wrote:

> Do you consider technical best practices relevant to this BCP or not?

I'd like input from Chris on this question as I had not really 
considered technical best practices.

Matt.


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Matthew Elvey wrote:

>   2.2. Same Criteria for Listing and Delisting.
> The discussion has made it clear to me that this is a meaningless entry; 
> I can think of no blacklist policy that would and should be considered a 
> violation.

I can think of a couple.  Here's one: a blacklist entry that was created 
solely on the existance of an open proxy, yet delisting required that 
the system owner provided rDNS and postmaster accessibility IN ADDITION 
to fixing the proxy.  Desirable yes, but, this goes beyond the BLs 
stated purpose, and unnecessarily conflates anti-spam with non-spam 
issues.  rDNS/postmaster were irrelevant to the original listing, they 
should remain irrelevant to a subsequent delisting.

>   2.3. Listing/Delisting Criteria MUST Be Easily Available.
> There needs to be some accomodation/clarification.  Is 
> http://www.spamcop.net/fom-serve/cache/297.html good enough for 2.1 and 
> 2.3?  I can't tell!  This needs to be clear, e.g. is this ok?: "Some 
> rules are spelled out in vague terms to slow down spammer adaptation."

That was deliberately somewhat vague, rather than requiring explicit 
details, for precisely the reasons you indicate.  For example, the CBL 
does not enumerate exact detection heuristics, but does provide what its 
criteria is: "exhibits symptoms of being compromised by a spam trojan or 
open proxy".  The degree to which its divulged its criteria hasn't 
affected its effectiveness - probably the most effective/FP-averse 
blacklist ever built [It blocks something on the order of 70-75% of all 
of our spam all by itself, with almost indetectable FPs.  The next best 
public BL we use is the SBL at 16%.  SORBSproxy would be around 40%, but 
we don't use it because of its very high overlap with the CBL and the 
storage requirements of using it.]

>   2.4. Collateral Damage Only as a Measure of Last Resort.
> Some claim SPEWS violates this, but SPEWS itself disagrees (and seems to 
> at times act specifically to avoid it) and as those parties will always 
> disagree, I see no benefit to the entry.

It provides general guidance.  This is a BCP, not a RFC.  It is intended 
to forestall "blacklist an entire country because of one spam". Some may 
claim that SPEWS violates this, but not me - it's abundantly clear that 
SPEWS follows an escalation path.  The fact that someone might disagree 
whether a given BL complies is the simple nature of BCPs.

>   2.5. Listings SHOULD Be Temporary.
> No. Location based RBLs are perfectly legitimate, useful, and there's no 
> reason for them to be temporary.

Good point.

>   2.6. MUST Have a Direct Non-Public Way to Request Removal.
> This is actually poor practice IMO.  BCP would be to NOT have a 
> non-public way to be contacted.  Works well to prevent SLAPP suits.
> Requiring any contact attempt be via a public forum is BCP.

It's least commonly used practise.  Almost all BLs maintain a contact 
email address or web site of some sort.  The BCP doesn't require the 
operators of the BL to identify themselves.  Eg: the CBL is in 
compliance.  So is ORDB.

SPEWS could, if they wished to, implement a non-public channel of some 
sort without exposing themselves.  Even by anonymizing relays. 
Unfortunately, their policy of "replies by NANAE/NANAB" unnecessarily 
politicizes the process, and results in a very large number of sites 
simply ignoring them altogether. Few ISPs dare the wrath of NANAE, much 
as we would wish otherwise.

[This is my only BCP-derived criticism of SPEWS btw.]

>   2.7. Removals MUST Be Prompt.
> This should be a matter of policy.  "BLs _that claim to be prompt_ must 
> be prompt" makes sense.

I think this may be a good change.

>    2.8. Removals MUST Be Possible in Absence of 
> List Maintainer.
>   2.9. MUST Have an Audit Trail.
> No. BLs based on spamtraps are BCP. Many spammers listwash spamtraps if 
> they can.  NOT providing a full public audit trail is BCP!

We didn't say what the "audit trail" was.  A date stamp (perturbed if 
you wish) of detection would be adequate.  CBL does that.

>   2.10. Shutdowns MUST Be Done in a Graceful Fashion.
> I suggest a specific result code be codified to represent [urgent action 
> needed by admin, e.g. this list has shut down, etc.]

We'd like to, unfortunately, this isn't backwards compatible - most 
implementations would treat "a specific result code" as being "listed", 
resulting in "block the world".  I've seen some proposals for DNS server 
tricks that would serve the dual purpose of decommissioning the 
blacklists and getting the queries _off_ the no-longer-BL server. But we 
thought that would take to long to codify.  If someone wants to propose 
something, it would be good.

>   3. Special Rules for Blacklists Listing Insecure Machines.
> See the SPEWS FAQ for why this is a bad idea.

Which section?

>   3.1. No Automated Probes [Scanning or Probes? - inconsistent].  
> Scanning in response to an attempt to email a system for the first time 
> seems reasonable to me.

Not to me, because it's too far along the line of "we scan 0/0").

Scanning/probing them in response to an email they try to send you is 
different.

>   3.2. Reasonable Re-scan Periods.

> In general, it seems like the authors don't have much respect for the 
> tireless *volunteer* BL maintainers and need to spend more time thinking 
> about things from the POV of the BL maintainers.

You're making at least three huge assumptions here, and I assure you, 
all are incorrect.  Unfortunately, aside from suggesting you google for 
my name on Usenet (eg: NANA.bulletins) in the 1994-2000 period, 
answering this directly would have you holding me to a higher standard 
than our proposed BCP would. In other words, what makes you think I'm 
not running a public BL and know full well that POV? ;-)

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Barry Shein wrote:

> I certainly agree with the spirit of what Walter Dnes is saying below.
> 
> Looking at the BCP draft makes me feel like I'm watching a bunch of
> cub scouts propose how to deal with Al Qaeda.

I had to deal with the GruBourVulis - you remember that, don't you?  I 
assure you, I know rather more about this than a cub scout...

> On May 2, 2004 at 17:59 waltdnes@waltdnes.org (Walter Dnes) wrote:
>  > On Fri, Apr 30, 2004 at 03:23:10PM +0100, Matt Sergeant wrote

>  > > Our aim with the BCP was not to fit it around _all_ current practices,
>  > > but to fit it around best practices. If you have good reasons for
>  > > going against the guidelines please state them and we can consider
>  > > the modification of the BCP.

>  >   The BCP document assumes that people are nice, or at least polite.  If
>  > they were, there wouldn't be a need for DNSbl's in the first place.  In
>  > a "kinder gentler" world, paragraph 2.6 MUST-have-a-contact requirement
>  > would make sense.  However, in real life, spammers aren't nice.  Consider
>  > the following...

We're well aware of them.  Amongst other things, Matt and I were 
physically present when Felstein went after Alan Murphy of SpamHaus (and 
the FTC commissioner ;-)

You're presupposing the BCP requires BL operators to identify 
themselves.  It does not.  ORDB, CBL and many other BLs do not. Just a 
non-public contact address or web site.  Via anonymizing relays if desired.

>  >   If I sound passionate, it's because DNSbls help keep my email usable,
>  > which gives me a personal stake in the success/failure of DNSbls.  If
>  > they go under, I'll either switch to whitelist-only, or possibly give up
>  > on email altogether.

Put me in for a big ditto on that.  This BCP should have almost zero 
effect on current useful BLs.  Furthermore, I suspect that this will 
encourage more large sites to use BLs. Which is a huge win for BLs and 
anti-spam.

>  >   In terms of improvements to this BCP, I have an idea that would render
>  > the rest of the BCP moot...

The primary intent behind the BCP was to give BL operators an 
understanding that they should formalize their operations well enough to 
allow ISPs (or individuals) to make informed choices on what BL they 
use.  To make it clear to them, for example, whether spite listings were 
to be expected, or whether you could rely on the BL's "reasonably 
timely" response to problem reports. In other words, accurate depictions 
of what the BL does, how well they're run, to help a site or user 
determine how much trust to place in the BL.

Sites and users need to know these things in order to make informed
choices.

I don't think BCP'ing a requirement that ISPs permit their users choice 
as to which BL to use is practical, desirable or even useful.

Indeed, such a BCP would be a complete waste of time for _us_, because 
our users (employees) don't get that option by policy.


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Matt Sergeant wrote:

> On 4 May 2004, at 14:25, Bill Cole wrote:

>> Do you consider technical best practices relevant to this BCP or not?

> I'd like input from Chris on this question as I had not really 
> considered technical best practices.

Technical best practises are best suited for John Levine's DNSBL RFC. 
Most of the things you'd want to be there should be elevated to RFC 
"MUST"s or "SHOULD"s, because that is what DNSBL "client" 
implementations need to program to.

I've always considered our BCP to be a "policy" BCP, not a technical 
one.  An operational guide.

That being said, John Levine and I debated whether "DNSBL shutdown" 
should be documented in his RFC or our BCP.  I _personally_ would have 
preferred it being in the RFC.  However, the "implementations" of 
high-volume DNSBL shutdown we've seen heretofore have all been, um, 
"suboptimal" ;-) [+], and I as yet haven't seen a "reasonable" one yet 
(at least one that I understood.  I know someone who has commented at 
length on "how to do this right", perhaps I can get a detailed explanation.

I talked to Yakov and John about this and they both suggested we leave 
this undefined in this draft rather than expend time trying to invent a 
wholly new procedure.

[+] In some cases I can't say that I blame them...  But it would be nice 
to have a suggested method so that BL operators don't find themselves in 
a bind later.  As one possible example: _don't_ use a BL domain name you 
wouldn't mind deregistering later.

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Chris Lewis wrote:

> I don't think BCP'ing a requirement that ISPs permit their users choice 
> as to which BL to use is practical, desirable or even useful.

I think that is the best commercial practice; however, it's for ISPs,
not the lists themselves.  Is there any way that a list can either aid
or prevent an ISP if the ISP wishes (not) to provide such granularity?
I think the point is moot wrt lists.

> Indeed, such a BCP would be a complete waste of time for _us_, because 
> our users (employees) don't get that option by policy.

You're a company, not an ISP.  (Even an ISP's practies wrt its
employees might well differ from those wrt its customers.)

Seth

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[snip]

>  Unlike British Commonwealth countries (Britain, Canada, Australia,
etc) the USA does *NOT* have an automatic "loser pays" clause for
lawsuits.  The USA gave the world SLAPP.  Would you care to provide
multi-million dollar funds in escrow to defend against such lawsuits and
pay off any stupid judgements awarded by juries?

The problem of "fat cat" lawsuits is because of there being "fat cats" to sue.  
One more of the (numerous) advantages of my fine-grained permissions-based 
recipient-established sender whitelist is that there are no global decisions 
being made which create any "fat cat" targets for lawsuits.  The decisions to 
not accept E-mails from any given sender come by definition from the recipient, 
and I think it's VERY clear that recipients have the ABSOLUTE right to read or 
reject or simply ignore anything at all, for any reason that makes sense to 
them.  What's a spammer going to do, sue his targets because they choose to not 
read his stuff he sends them?  I think not!  :-)

>  And it's not merely a case of money.  I wouldn't be surprised if the
mobsters behind some of the spammers resorted to contract killings to
shut down impediments to their "bizniss".  In a climate like this, I
understand why the principals behind SPEWS seek anonymity.  Please
understand that we're dealing with a bunch of thugs, hooligans, and
criminals.  If we get into a streetfight against them whilst restricting
ourselves to Marquis of Queensbury rules, we're guaranteed to lose.

Good point.  And again, my proposal (I feel) provides a definitive solution to 
this problem, too.  Recipients of the spam/virus/worm simply drop it 
immediately, quietly, automatically, and with near-universal certainty straight 
into the trash.  Nothing goes back to the spammer (nor anybody else, thus 
preventing "joe jobs").  Blacklists have the problem of (again) "joe jobbing" 
someone;  my solution doesn't require (or allow!) that.  Things that come in 
that are unwanted (dangerous attachments, unwanted or dangerous HTML, message 
too large from unknown sender, etc) simply go unceremoniously into the trash.

If EVERYONE had that, spammers (like virus/worm authors) would simply end up 
having to find a new way of pursuing their "bizness" since E-mail simply 
wouldn't work for them anymore.  

OK, yeah, they'd probably move next to "malicious Web sites" as their primary 
vector for phishing and such, but at least (1) that's not a "push" technology, 
and (2) we'd have pretty well solved the E-mail problem.  Then maybe we can next 
rendezvous on the IETF's new "anti-malicious-Website Research Group" (remember, 
you heard it here first).  ;-)

But at least WE would have pretty well accomplished OUR goal HERE.  :-)

Anyhow, back to the point... when RECIPIENTS have an easy, simple, fast, 
straightforward way to establish a fine-grained mesh filtering what they will 
and will not accept, and from who (and when there is no way for a spammer to 
INQUIRE to help them find out "open" victims) then spammers simply have no 
practical way to "guess" who will receive their stuff.  

Since almost nobody will (in practice) enable anybody to send them executable 
stuff (or tightly sealed archives, equally dangerous) we've virtually eliminated 
the E-mail propagation vector by which spambot zombies (or other 
spyware/malware/viruses) are established.

Since unknown senders who send HTML have (by default) their messages filtered 
out, nearly every trick used by spammers and abusers to conceal the real content 
of their messages are suddenly denied to them.

The result is limited-size plain ASCII text E-mail messages, which can generally 
be pretty well dealt with via good antispam content filtering (SpamAssassin or 
its followers).

>  If I sound passionate, it's because DNSbls help keep my email usable,
which gives me a personal stake in the success/failure of DNSbls.  

It's only one of many approaches, although I agree it's a nice one.  One of the 
(many) things that my present mail filter does is to T-can any incoming E-mail 
message which references domains that I've seen been hawked in previously 
received E-mail messages (and presently I add those to my personal list 
manually, so joe-jobbing isn't an issue).  Presently I use the same HOSTS list 
as Windows uses for its DNS, so that even non-obvious cross-domain references 
from Web sites I might visit that point to those disreputable sites are 
similarly automatically and permanently disabled.

> If they go under, I'll either switch to whitelist-only, or possibly give up
on email altogether.

Whitelist-only can, I believe, work **extremely** well if it's based on a finely 
grained set of permissions established for each given sender, and with a 
suitable default action that permits some (limited size, safe, HTML-free, 
attachment-free, don't "look like" spam) messages to arrive from previously 
unknown senders.

[snip]

>  The real problem is ISPs who use the one-size-fits-all approach, and
use the same DNSbl(s) for all their clients.  Allow people to use which
ever DNSbls they want, and the bad DNSbls lose users, and fade away.

The problem with approaches like this is that the time constants that seem to be 
associated with such "free market" market corrections seem to be very, very slow 
when viewed on a human time scale.  One might think that "market forces" would 
eventually force disreputable/dishonest/biased news media off the market too, 
but it doesn't seem to be happening (not in the USA, at least) and instead we're 
seeing more and more concentration of the press (tv/radio/newspaper) in the 
hands of those folks more interested in their own profits and agenda than in 
reporting the news.  In the case of DNSbls we're likely to see increasing 
concentration in the hands of companies who (like those who make those offensive 
"Web content filters" imposed on libraries and such, which claim to make the Web 
"protected" for kids and against kiddie porn and the like, but which upon 
further inspection) seem to have much more troubling political/social agendas as 
well.

I think that the solution for this, again, is to have the list of who people 
trust be largely managed by THEM, THEMSELF, and modifiable at will whenever they 
feel appropriate (both additions and removals).

> DNSbls with good reputations would have lots of users.  

That's like saying that "radio stations which report the news honestly and 
without bias will have lots of listeners" but in fact, experience suggests that 
it's rather more the case that those who reinforce existing biases and 
prejudices get listeners and those who challenge their preconceptions aren't 
trusted (and especially when "most" sources seem to pander to their 
preconceptions).  I don't like the idea of extending the "media monopoly" model 
to the Internet... it's a big enough problem already!

> This would also provide ISPs some protection against lawsuits by spammers, 
because the ISP would not be responsible for an individual user's choice of 
blocking criteria.

Good point, although I think that my proposal (a recipient-controlled 
fine-grained permissions list, based on who sent the message) is ultimately a 
better way of achieving the goal, and of dealing with the (very valid!) concern 
you've expressed.

Gordon Peterson                  http://personal.terabites.com/
1977-2002  Twenty-fifth anniversary year of Local Area Networking!
Support free and fair US elections!  http://stickers.defend-democracy.org
12/19/98: Partisan Republicans scornfully ignore the voters they "represent".
12/09/00: the date the Republican Party took down democracy in America.



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Subject: Re: [Asrg] draft-irtf-asrg-bcp-blacklists-00
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Seth Breidbart wrote:

> Chris Lewis wrote:
> 
> 
>>I don't think BCP'ing a requirement that ISPs permit their users choice 
>>as to which BL to use is practical, desirable or even useful.

> I think that is the best commercial practice; however, it's for ISPs,
> not the lists themselves.  Is there any way that a list can either aid
> or prevent an ISP if the ISP wishes (not) to provide such granularity?
> I think the point is moot wrt lists.

Exactly.  This BCP is about lists, not list users, yet, this BCP is 
intended to give the information that an ISP or user would want to know 
in order to make informed choices if such granularity was available, or 
even if it wasn't.

>>Indeed, such a BCP would be a complete waste of time for _us_, because 
>>our users (employees) don't get that option by policy.

> You're a company, not an ISP.  (Even an ISP's practies wrt its
> employees might well differ from those wrt its customers.)

That's why I said that ;-)

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On May 4, 2004 at 12:44 clewis@nortelnetworks.com (Chris Lewis) wrote:
 > Barry Shein wrote:
 > 
 > > I certainly agree with the spirit of what Walter Dnes is saying below.
 > > 
 > > Looking at the BCP draft makes me feel like I'm watching a bunch of
 > > cub scouts propose how to deal with Al Qaeda.
 > 
 > I had to deal with the GruBourVulis - you remember that, don't you?  I 
 > assure you, I know rather more about this than a cub scout...

To be perfectly honest, not really, tho I know the word is a
combination of two or three names one of which is Steve Boursy and
another is a guy named Grubor and I assume another Vulis.

Did they ever shoot at you?


-- 
        -Barry Shein

Software Tool & Die    | bzs@TheWorld.com           | http://www.TheWorld.com
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From: "Hallam-Baker, Phillip" <pbaker@verisign.com>
To: "'Barry Shein'" <bzs@world.std.com>, Walter Dnes <waltdnes@waltdnes.org>
Cc: ASRG list <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] draft-irtf-asrg-bcp-blacklists-00
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> Looking at the BCP draft makes me feel like I'm watching a bunch of
> cub scouts propose how to deal with Al Qaeda.

It is not clear to me whether you mean that the cub scouts are
the blacklists and the spammers Al Qaeda or the cub scouts are
the ASRG and the blacklists are Al Qaeda. Hyperbole asside,
either could be justified.

One of the most depressing things about the current situation 
is the posturing of people who think that their macho attitudes 
make them hawks.

The point about 'collateral damage' is not that it serves any
strategic purpose, it does not, all it does is to feed the egos
of the people who engage in it. It fails in the spam context
for the same reason that it failled in the military context.
Collateral damage forces parties who are natural allies to treat
you as the enemy.


There is a utility in certain very narrowly tailored blacklists.
But they should never attempt to list any address for any other 
reason than it is a source of spam.

		Phill 

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Subject: Re: [Asrg] draft-irtf-asrg-bcp-blacklists-00
References: <Pine.SOL.4.58.0404301220030.17469@yellow.csi.cam.ac.uk>	<p06100501bcb7eb7341e7@[192.168.254.12]>	<E8262F8C-9AB1-11D8-BEA4-000A95AC67AA@messagelabs.com>	<20040502215908.GA32116@m450>	<16534.49516.482100.934754@world.std.com>	<4097C87D.8000108@americasm01.nt.com> <16535.64289.339558.154137@world.std.com>
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Barry Shein wrote:

> On May 4, 2004 at 12:44 clewis@nortelnetworks.com (Chris Lewis) wrote:
>  > Barry Shein wrote:

>  > > I certainly agree with the spirit of what Walter Dnes is saying below.

>  > > Looking at the BCP draft makes me feel like I'm watching a bunch of
>  > > cub scouts propose how to deal with Al Qaeda.

>  > I had to deal with the GruBourVulis - you remember that, don't you?  I 
>  > assure you, I know rather more about this than a cub scout...

> To be perfectly honest, not really, tho I know the word is a
> combination of two or three names one of which is Steve Boursy and
> another is a guy named Grubor and I assume another Vulis.

> Did they ever shoot at you?

Just about everything short of that, including death threats, $50K 
"rewards" for my demise, and bogus police complaints (about stealing > 
$500,000 worth of Suns on other people's credit cards) etc.


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Hallam-Baker, Phillip <pbaker@verisign.com> wrote:
>
>
> There is a utility in certain very narrowly tailored blacklists.
> But they should never attempt to list any address for any other
> reason than it is a source of spam.

No - there's room for blacklists with differing policies. What's important
is for those policies to be published and adhered to, so that users can
choose which ones they want to use. Which is where we came in, I think.....

Peter

--
Peter Bowyer - Freelance Technical Architect and Writer
peter <at> bowyer.org


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From: Devdas Bhagat <devdas@dvb.homelinux.org>
To: ASRG list <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] draft-irtf-asrg-bcp-blacklists-00
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On 04/05/04 13:35 -0700, Hallam-Baker, Phillip wrote:
<snip>
> The point about 'collateral damage' is not that it serves any
> strategic purpose, it does not, all it does is to feed the egos
> of the people who engage in it. It fails in the spam context
> for the same reason that it failled in the military context.
> Collateral damage forces parties who are natural allies to treat
> you as the enemy.
Collateral damage is a bad choice of terms. DNSBLs are *passive*
systems. Choosing to block mail from any system based on a random
criterion is the choice of the administrator of the blocking system.

Rather than trying to stop the spammer, people using the escalated
blocks are trying to stop the spam supporting ISP from sending them
email. Rather than allowing the ISP to keep the spammers money as well
as that of the legitimate users, the people using escalated listings are
forcing a choice of what customers the ISP wishes to keep. 

"We aren't blocking you, we are blocking your spammer supporting ISP" is
a rather frequent refrain among SPEWS users (to take an extreme
example), or among users of blackholes.us (yet another extreme example).

By funding the spammer supporting ISP, those people being termed as
collateral damage are showing an opinion in favour of the ISPs
behaviour. Other administrators choose to disapprove of this and boycott
those email originators until they fix their problems.

> 
> There is a utility in certain very narrowly tailored blacklists.
> But they should never attempt to list any address for any other 
> reason than it is a source of spam.
What happens when the ISP in question refuses to remove the spammer(s)
and you keep getting hit by their traffic?
Think of it as a trade embargo, and it makes a lot more sense.

Devdas Bhagat

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Subject: Re: [Asrg] draft-irtf-asrg-bcp-blacklists-00
References: <Pine.SOL.4.58.0404301220030.17469@yellow.csi.cam.ac.uk> <200404301430.i3UEUVu24576@panix5.panix.com> <49E0F0F9-9AC2-11D8-BEA4-000A95AC67AA@messagelabs.com> <409464E8.40705@americasm01.nt.com> <p06100509bcba1b307309@[192.168.254.12]> <4096C5DD.6030604@elvey.com> <81C76EB8-9DB7-11D8-9BDB-000A95AC67AA@messagelabs.com>
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On Tue, 4 May 2004 11:40:48 +0100, "Matt Sergeant"
<msergeant@messagelabs.com> said:
> I'll address some specific points, and hope that Chris can comment on 
> those I've avoided.
> 
> On 3 May 2004, at 23:21, Matthew Elvey wrote:
> 
> >   2.4. Collateral Damage Only as a Measure of Last Resort.
> > Some claim SPEWS violates this, but SPEWS itself disagrees (and seems 
> > to at times act specifically to avoid it) and as those parties will 
> > always disagree, I see no benefit to the entry.
> 
> Because this is just a BCP, whether or not there's disagreement that 
> SPEWS (or any other blocklist) complies is outside of the scope IMHO.
Ok.
> 
> >   2.5. Listings SHOULD Be Temporary.
> > No. Location based RBLs are perfectly legitimate, useful, and there's 
> > no reason for them to be temporary.
> 
> A valid point. I believe in an earlier draft we had a footnote about 
> location based BLs, and it may got lost in the conversion to RFC format 
> (which doesn't have footnotes). I think this can be covered in the 
> verbiage for the rule.
Groovy.
> 
> >   2.9. MUST Have an Audit Trail.
> > No. BLs based on spamtraps are BCP. Many spammers listwash spamtraps 
> > if they can.  NOT providing a full public audit trail is BCP!
> 
> OK, this could be clarified to some extent. The authors took the 
> examples of SPEWS, SBL and CBL as guidance here, which all have audit 
> trails. However these audit trails don't include the spamtrap addresses 
> used to generate the listings, so I can see that some clarification 
> could help here in terms of what data is useful to display to the 
> public if a public version of the audit trail is provided.
Groovier.
> 
> >   2.10. Shutdowns MUST Be Done in a Graceful Fashion.
> > I suggest a specific result code be codified to represent [urgent 
> > action needed by admin, e.g. this list has shut down, etc.]
> 
> We tried to avoid codifying a specific shutdown procedure. We would 
> hope to see that appear in an RFC, rather than in a BCP. If that 
> happens we could reference said RFC.
Bummer.
> 
> >   3. Special Rules for Blacklists Listing Insecure Machines.
> > See the SPEWS FAQ for why this is a bad idea.
> >   3.1. No Automated Probes [Scanning or Probes? - inconsistent].  
> > Scanning in response to an attempt to email a system for the first 
> > time seems reasonable to me.
> 
> And yet there is a lot of disagreement about this (see multiple 
> discussions about RR doing this).
Then the BCP, IMO, shouldn't be that it not be done.
Perhaps the BCP could be narrowed.
I'll review the RR discussions.  I recall discussion of broken Notes
installs...
> 
> The authors have thought about this a great deal, and 
> have discussed the issues here with blocklist maintainers to try and 
> reach a reasonable level for the BCP that is both achievable, and also 
> a high enough bar that the BCP is actually useful. If we set the rules 
> so flexible that anything is possible then there would be little point 
> in publishing it.
Sorry, that's true, a point Barry further drove home.  
I think when it's clearer where the BCP is drawing the lines it draws,
this will be a bit clearer. 
Optimist and pessimist listers and listees are currently able to
interpret the BCP rather differently.

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Subject: Re: [Asrg] draft-irtf-asrg-bcp-blacklists-00
References: <Pine.SOL.4.58.0404301220030.17469@yellow.csi.cam.ac.uk> <200404301430.i3UEUVu24576@panix5.panix.com> <49E0F0F9-9AC2-11D8-BEA4-000A95AC67AA@messagelabs.com> <409464E8.40705@americasm01.nt.com> <p06100509bcba1b307309@[192.168.254.12]> <4096C5DD.6030604@elvey.com> <81C76EB8-9DB7-11D8-9BDB-000A95AC67AA@messagelabs.com> <1083704622.5031.185641498@webmail.messagingengine.com>
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Matthew Elvey wrote:

> On Tue, 4 May 2004 11:40:48 +0100, "Matt Sergeant"
> <msergeant@messagelabs.com> said:

>>>  3.1. No Automated Probes [Scanning or Probes? - inconsistent].  
>>>Scanning in response to an attempt to email a system for the first 
>>>time seems reasonable to me.

>>And yet there is a lot of disagreement about this (see multiple 
>>discussions about RR doing this).

> Then the BCP, IMO, shouldn't be that it not be done.
> Perhaps the BCP could be narrowed.
> I'll review the RR discussions.  I recall discussion of broken Notes
> installs...

RR took the position that "if you expect us to accept your email, you 
shouldn't quibble about us making sure that your system is secure".

These were "email in hand" scans, not unprovoked.  Most "vulnerability" 
blacklists are at least "email in hand".  I can't think of anybody doing 
unprovoked scanning now.

I think the wording is poor.  It should be "No unprovoked scanning or 
probing".  Where "mere existance" shouldn't be considered sufficient 
provocation ;-)

Mebe we should be much more specific and decide whether we want to say 
"email in hand" or "spam in hand" (from this IP).


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From: "Hallam-Baker, Phillip" <pbaker@verisign.com>
To: "'Devdas Bhagat'" <devdas@dvb.homelinux.org>, ASRG list <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] draft-irtf-asrg-bcp-blacklists-00
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> On 04/05/04 13:35 -0700, Hallam-Baker, Phillip wrote:
> <snip>
> > The point about 'collateral damage' is not that it serves any
> > strategic purpose, it does not, all it does is to feed the egos
> > of the people who engage in it. It fails in the spam context
> > for the same reason that it failled in the military context.
> > Collateral damage forces parties who are natural allies to treat
> > you as the enemy.

> Collateral damage is a bad choice of terms. DNSBLs are *passive*
> systems. Choosing to block mail from any system based on a random
> criterion is the choice of the administrator of the blocking system.

Paul Vixie used the term, and he used it in the context of using
the MAPS blacklist to coerce others into complying with his idea
of acceptable use policies - ideas that go far beyond what is
currently considered spam.

> Rather than trying to stop the spammer, people using the escalated
> blocks are trying to stop the spam supporting ISP from sending them
> email. Rather than allowing the ISP to keep the spammers money as well
> as that of the legitimate users, the people using escalated 
> listings are
> forcing a choice of what customers the ISP wishes to keep. 

That is an aggressive action, not a passive one.

In international law a blockade is sufficient cause for war.
> > There is a utility in certain very narrowly tailored blacklists.
> > But they should never attempt to list any address for any other 
> > reason than it is a source of spam.

> What happens when the ISP in question refuses to remove the spammer(s)
> and you keep getting hit by their traffic?

If I know the IP address of the spammer and I am successfully blocking 
their messages why should I care?

> Think of it as a trade embargo, and it makes a lot more sense.

Again, trade embargos are the cause of a large number of wars. The
Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor was retaliation for a blockade.

 
 

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From: "Dr. Jeffrey Race" <jrace@attglobal.net>
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On Tue, 4 May 2004 13:35:36 -0700, Hallam-Baker, Phillip wrote:

>But they should never attempt to list any address for any other 
>reason than it is a source of spam.

This is perfectly stated if "address" is replaced by "address range of a spam-enabler".

The record clearly shows that many, even most, internet participants voluntarily 
cooperate in preventing pollution.  However there are some operators who
profit from pollution and will only be moved by being hurt.  See
<http://www.camblab.com/nugget/spam_03.pdf>

Jeffrey Race



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From: "Hallam-Baker, Phillip" <pbaker@verisign.com>
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Subject: RE: [Asrg] draft-irtf-asrg-bcp-blacklists-00
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> You're presupposing the BCP requires BL operators to identify 
> themselves.  It does not.  ORDB, CBL and many other BLs do 
> not. Just a 
> non-public contact address or web site.  Via anonymizing 
> relays if desired.

Best Practices require that any party that seeks to hold
the Internet community accountable should itself accept
accountability.

If the BCP does not require identification of BL maintainers
it is not acceptable.


> 
> Put me in for a big ditto on that.  This BCP should have almost zero 
> effect on current useful BLs.  

If this is going to be an input requirement better to kill
the idea now. 

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"Hallam-Baker, Phillip" <pbaker@verisign.com> wrote:

[blocklists escalating]

> That is an aggressive action, not a passive one.

It's still passive: you don't get an answer unless you ask.

> If I know the IP address of the spammer and I am successfully blocking 
> their messages why should I care?

If you don't want to care, then you shouldn't use a blocklist that
expands listings.

If you want to help others, then you'd want to encourage ISPs to kick
off their spammers, even the spammers who aren't currently hurting
you.

>> Think of it as a trade embargo, and it makes a lot more sense.
>
> Again, trade embargos are the cause of a large number of wars.

And blocklists are the "cause" of DDOS attacks.  That doesn't mean the
felonious DDOS attacks are justified, or the blocklists improper.

Seth


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Well, Phillip, you're fine until you mistake moral confusion for moral
superiority; tolerating the intolerant is not noble.



On May 4, 2004 at 13:35 pbaker@verisign.com (Hallam-Baker, Phillip) wrote:
 > 
 > > Looking at the BCP draft makes me feel like I'm watching a bunch of
 > > cub scouts propose how to deal with Al Qaeda.
 > 
 > It is not clear to me whether you mean that the cub scouts are
 > the blacklists and the spammers Al Qaeda or the cub scouts are
 > the ASRG and the blacklists are Al Qaeda. Hyperbole asside,
 > either could be justified.
 > 
 > One of the most depressing things about the current situation 
 > is the posturing of people who think that their macho attitudes 
 > make them hawks.
 > 
 > The point about 'collateral damage' is not that it serves any
 > strategic purpose, it does not, all it does is to feed the egos
 > of the people who engage in it. It fails in the spam context
 > for the same reason that it failled in the military context.
 > Collateral damage forces parties who are natural allies to treat
 > you as the enemy.
 > 
 > 
 > There is a utility in certain very narrowly tailored blacklists.
 > But they should never attempt to list any address for any other 
 > reason than it is a source of spam.
 > 
 > 		Phill 

-- 
        -Barry Shein

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The more I think about it the more I consider any codification of
blacklists into an IETF-blessed document as questionable.

I think of blacklists more like random, desparate acts by desparate
people than a technology.

There's just something so institutionalizing about producing a best
common practices document around blacklists.

Ok let's back up a bit.

If we think of them as reputation systems, like credit agencies, then
there's a lot of liability implied by codifying them. Suddenly there's
a checklist to compare against for acceptable behavior.

If we think of them as a kind of centrally administered boycott then
it's practically a grassroots political kind of activity. Is that kind
of thing often codified in IETF docs? Would the IETF produce, e.g.,
BCPs for running Wikis or Blogs?

But more to the first point, is there any opportunity to run something
like this BCP past a knowledgeable lawyer for some reaction in the
context I'm raising?

I dunno, what happens when one of these spambags does sue and then
uses this BCP document to argue that the blacklist operator harmed
him/her/it by their egregiously unprofessional behavior as defined by
the IETF? Is this document really meant to be used like that? Isn't
that a potential use of any BCP?

Does anyone worry about this kind of thing? I do.

In the same vein, I'm having a lot of trouble understanding what good
it does anyone (other than perhaps a plaintiff against a blacklist
operator) since it mostly just codifies "be excellent to each other!"
in a sort of idealistic way.

-- 
        -Barry Shein

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From: "Hallam-Baker, Phillip" <pbaker@verisign.com>
To: "'Barry Shein'" <bzs@world.std.com>,
        "Hallam-Baker, Phillip"
	 <pbaker@verisign.com>
Cc: Walter Dnes <waltdnes@waltdnes.org>, ASRG list <asrg@ietf.org>
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Barry,

	I still don't know whether you are refering to the spammers or the
blacklists.

	Delphic utterances may have been mistaken for profundity by the
ancient greeks but in this forum clarity is more highly valued.


> -----Original Message-----
> From: Barry Shein [mailto:bzs@world.std.com]
> Sent: Tuesday, May 04, 2004 6:10 PM
> To: Hallam-Baker, Phillip
> Cc: 'Barry Shein'; Walter Dnes; ASRG list
> Subject: RE: [Asrg] draft-irtf-asrg-bcp-blacklists-00
> 
> 
> 
> Well, Phillip, you're fine until you mistake moral confusion for moral
> superiority; tolerating the intolerant is not noble.
> 
> 
> 
> On May 4, 2004 at 13:35 pbaker@verisign.com (Hallam-Baker, 
> Phillip) wrote:
>  > 
>  > > Looking at the BCP draft makes me feel like I'm watching 
> a bunch of
>  > > cub scouts propose how to deal with Al Qaeda.
>  > 
>  > It is not clear to me whether you mean that the cub scouts are
>  > the blacklists and the spammers Al Qaeda or the cub scouts are
>  > the ASRG and the blacklists are Al Qaeda. Hyperbole asside,
>  > either could be justified.
>  > 
>  > One of the most depressing things about the current situation 
>  > is the posturing of people who think that their macho attitudes 
>  > make them hawks.
>  > 
>  > The point about 'collateral damage' is not that it serves any
>  > strategic purpose, it does not, all it does is to feed the egos
>  > of the people who engage in it. It fails in the spam context
>  > for the same reason that it failled in the military context.
>  > Collateral damage forces parties who are natural allies to treat
>  > you as the enemy.
>  > 
>  > 
>  > There is a utility in certain very narrowly tailored blacklists.
>  > But they should never attempt to list any address for any other 
>  > reason than it is a source of spam.
>  > 
>  > 		Phill 
> 
> -- 
>         -Barry Shein
> 
> Software Tool & Die    | bzs@TheWorld.com           | 
http://www.TheWorld.com
Purveyors to the Trade | Voice: 617-739-0202        | Login: 617-739-WRLD
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FWIW I never bought the idea that blacklists were passive and
therefore completely the act of the person using them. I think that's
facile and disingenuous.

Consider other reputation systems, such as credit agencies.

Sure, a lender chooses to use information provided by a credit agency
so why blame the credit agency in any case?

-- 
        -Barry Shein

Software Tool & Die    | bzs@TheWorld.com           | http://www.TheWorld.com
Purveyors to the Trade | Voice: 617-739-0202        | Login: 617-739-WRLD
The World              | Public Access Internet     | Since 1989     *oo*

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From: Daniel Feenberg <feenberg@nber.org>
To: Barry Shein <bzs@world.std.com>
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] draft-irtf-asrg-bcp-blacklists-00
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Essentially everyting in the BCP is a quality issue addressing concerns of
senders that mail might be blocked. There are few/no issues of
interoperability/protocol addressed which might require a standards
document beyond the description of host name formation, and IP address
flags returned. 

It isn't clear to me why sender concerns are the only quality issues
addressed. If the BCP states that listings "MUST" be removed promptly,
shouldn't it also state that spammers "MUST" be added to the list
promptly? That is a similar issue with respect to the quality of a
blacklist, yet it goes unmentioned. Or perhaps quality issues should be
left to users to evaluate with respect to their own needs.

If the document is to be used as evidence of trade practice in court, it
might be nice if it included rationales for common practices such as
failure to consult the sender, or give him time to respond, to blocking
nearby addresses, to skepticism about claims of "opt-in" or "opt-out". If
the document does not mention, explain and endorse those procedures
necessary to run an effective blocklist, it plays into the hands of the
spammer population.

Daniel Feenberg




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From: Daniel Feenberg <feenberg@nber.org>
To: Barry Shein <bzs@world.std.com>
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Subject: RE: [Asrg] draft-irtf-asrg-bcp-blacklists-00
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On Tue, 4 May 2004, Barry Shein wrote:

> 
> FWIW I never bought the idea that blacklists were passive and
> therefore completely the act of the person using them. I think that's
> facile and disingenuous.
> 
> Consider other reputation systems, such as credit agencies.
> 
> Sure, a lender chooses to use information provided by a credit agency
> so why blame the credit agency in any case?
> 

Law and custom with respect to consumer credit reporting developed during
a long period in which there was only a single such agency. That naturally
colored consumer (and legislative) views on the matter. The operator of an
MTA has enough choice of BL to assume some responsibility.

Daniel Feenberg 



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Barry Shein wrote:
> If we think of them as a kind of centrally administered boycott then
> it's practically a grassroots political kind of activity. Is that kind
> of thing often codified in IETF docs? Would the IETF produce, e.g.,
> BCPs for running Wikis or Blogs?
> 

I am not addressing the political aspect of your question, only the 
blogs/wikis one. Blacklists are used on an Internet-wide scale between 
multiple systems, and can be within the scope of the IETF. Blogs and 
Wikis generally do not interoperate with other systems and are not 
necessarly in scope. However, the inter-system parts of the blogs such 
as RSS may be within IETF scope as demonstrated by the existance of the 
ATOM list at IMC.

HOWEVER, in any case this document is not at IETF level at this point. 
Right now it is a research activity of the IRTF, and appears to be well 
within the charter of this group. Whether this document actually makes 
it to the IETF, and gets approved by the IESG is an entirely different 
story. At this time, it fits within the charter of the ASRG.

Yakov
--
Yakov Shafranovich / asrg <at> shaftek.org
SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc. / research <at> solidmatrix.com
"Some lies are easier to believe than the truth" (Dune)

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References: <Pine.SOL.4.58.0404301220030.17469@yellow.csi.cam.ac.uk> <200404301430.i3UEUVu24576@panix5.panix.com> <49E0F0F9-9AC2-11D8-BEA4-000A95AC67AA@messagelabs.com> <409464E8.40705@americasm01.nt.com> <p06100509bcba1b307309@[192.168.254.12]> <4096C5DD.6030604@elvey.com> <81C76EB8-9DB7-11D8-9BDB-000A95AC67AA@messagelabs.com> <p06100513bcbd3882531e@[192.168.254.12]>
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>
>
>>>   2.10. Shutdowns MUST Be Done in a Graceful Fashion.
>>> I suggest a specific result code be codified to represent [urgent 
>>> action needed by admin, e.g. this list has shut down, etc.]
>>
>>
>> We tried to avoid codifying a specific shutdown procedure. We would 
>> hope to see that appear in an RFC, rather than in a BCP. If that 
>> happens we could reference said RFC.
>
>
> Do you mean a descendant of 
> http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-irtf-asrg-dnsbl-00.txt or 
> some additional RFC?
>
> Outlines for orderly shutdown of DNSBL's have been composed and posted 
> publicly in 3 waves over the past 3 years (unfortunately in the first 
> 2 cases, AFTER operators have listed the entire net to drive away 
> users) and it is not a complicated matter or really a very 
> controversial issue, it's just quite specific. It boils down to a 
> method for shutting down any zone: add a long-TTL NS record for the 
> zone into the parent zone with a RHS of either "." or a name in the 
> parent zone with a long-TTL A record with a RHS of either '.' or to an 
> address in 127/8 other than 127.0.0.1.
>
> The only reason that orderly shutdown has ever been an issue is that 
> the most noisily terminated DNSBL's have been run by people who sadly 
> have been clueless about DNS. There's no need for a complex dance of 
> special entries in-zone alerting users to the death of a DNSBL, giving 
> way to eventually just going dead or listing the entire net.

Yes, I remember the long discussions well.  This would be *great* to 
have in the BCP (or perhaps RC, perhaps better expressed: with 
[counter-]examples.)  It would have saved a lot of grief, methinks.

>
> [And a bunch of other technical BCP that I (elvey) would also strongly 
> like to see added - good stuff.]




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Barry Shein <bzs@world.std.com> wrote:

> FWIW I never bought the idea that blacklists were passive and
> therefore completely the act of the person using them. I think that's
> facile and disingenuous.
>
> Consider other reputation systems, such as credit agencies.
>
> Sure, a lender chooses to use information provided by a credit agency
> so why blame the credit agency in any case?

I blame the credit agency if it _lies_.

I blame ISPs who lie, too (such as claiming that the string ".cjb.net"
is such a strong sign of spam that no message containing it can be
delivered; you've lost two customers that I can name (and probably
many more) over that sort of policy).

Seth


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References: <Pine.SOL.4.58.0404301220030.17469@yellow.csi.cam.ac.uk> <200404301430.i3UEUVu24576@panix5.panix.com> <49E0F0F9-9AC2-11D8-BEA4-000A95AC67AA@messagelabs.com> <409464E8.40705@americasm01.nt.com> <p06100509bcba1b307309@[192.168.254.12]> <4096C5DD.6030604@elvey.com> <4097C49A.70109@americasm01.nt.com>
In-Reply-To: <4097C49A.70109@americasm01.nt.com>
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On 5/4/04 9:28 AM, Chris Lewis sent forth electrons to convey:

> Matthew Elvey wrote:
>
>>   2.2. Same Criteria for Listing and Delisting.
>> The discussion has made it clear to me that this is a meaningless 
>> entry; I can think of no blacklist policy that would and should be 
>> considered a violation.
>
>
> I can think of a couple.  Here's one: a blacklist entry that was 
> created solely on the existance of an open proxy, yet delisting 
> required that the system owner provided rDNS and postmaster 
> accessibility IN ADDITION to fixing the proxy.  Desirable yes, but, 
> this goes beyond the BLs stated purpose, and unnecessarily conflates 
> anti-spam with non-spam issues.  rDNS/postmaster were irrelevant to 
> the original listing, they should remain irrelevant to a subsequent 
> delisting. 

That's not a valid example.  If these additional requirements were not 
in the BL's stated delisting, then this issue was covered in

2.1. "Truth in Advertising".  2.2 is unnecessary and confusing.  The BLs stated purpose could include enforcing these 

requirements on wannabe-former listees.  I.e. it may be false that "this 
goes beyond the BLs stated purpose."

>
>>   2.3. Listing/Delisting Criteria MUST Be Easily Available.
>> There needs to be some accomodation/clarification.  Is 
>> http://www.spamcop.net/fom-serve/cache/297.html good enough for 2.1 
>> and 2.3?  I can't tell!  This needs to be clear, e.g. is this ok?: 
>> "Some rules are spelled out in vague terms to slow down spammer 
>> adaptation."
>
>
> That was deliberately somewhat vague, rather than requiring explicit 
> details, for precisely the reasons you indicate.  For example, the CBL 
> does not enumerate exact detection heuristics, but does provide what 
> its criteria is: "exhibits symptoms of being compromised by a spam 
> trojan or open proxy".

Vagueness here is undesirable.  Here's my specific text suggestion: 2.3 
would benefit from the addition of sentences like:  The precise 
algorithms and data used for listing and delisting do not need to be 
disclosed.  Some criteria may be vaguely defined to slow down spammer 
adaptation.

>
>>   2.4. Collateral Damage Only as a Measure of Last Resort.
>> Some claim SPEWS violates this, but SPEWS itself disagrees (and seems 
>> to at times act specifically to avoid it) and as those parties will 
>> always disagree, I see no benefit to the entry.
>
>
> It provides general guidance.  This is a BCP, not a RFC.  It is 
> intended to forestall "blacklist an entire country because of one 
> spam". Some may claim that SPEWS violates this, but not me - it's 
> abundantly clear that SPEWS follows an escalation path.  The fact that 
> someone might disagree whether a given BL complies is the simple 
> nature of BCPs.

Ok.

>
>>   2.5. Listings SHOULD Be Temporary.
>> No. Location based RBLs are perfectly legitimate, useful, and there's 
>> no reason for them to be temporary.
>
>
> Good point.
>
>>   2.6. MUST Have a Direct Non-Public Way to Request Removal.
>> This is actually poor practice IMO.  BCP would be to NOT have a 
>> non-public way to be contacted.  Works well to prevent SLAPP suits.
>> Requiring any contact attempt be via a public forum is BCP.
>
>
> It's least commonly used practise.  Almost all BLs maintain a contact 
> email address or web site of some sort.  The BCP doesn't require the 
> operators of the BL to identify themselves.  Eg: the CBL is in 
> compliance.  So is ORDB.
>
> SPEWS could, if they wished to, implement a non-public channel of some 
> sort without exposing themselves.  Even by anonymizing relays. 
> Unfortunately, their policy of "replies by NANAE/NANAB" unnecessarily 
> politicizes the process, and results in a very large number of sites 
> simply ignoring them altogether. Few ISPs dare the wrath of NANAE, 
> much as we would wish otherwise. 

I can't think of any benefit that 2.6 would provide.  I claim that any 
question re. SPEWS is likely going to be answered faster and better via 
a nanae/nanabl posting.  Please provide a specific counterexample, but I 
request that you assume that the folks who run SPEWS are as friendly as 
the posters on nanae/nanabl. 
Most any ISP that fears the wrath of NANAE probably already knows any 
info that a posting on NANAE, or a private inquiry to SPEWS would 
provide, and is choosing to ignore it.   All those free, trusted, 
subpoena-proof, malicious-Tier1-ISP-proof anonymizing relays ... 
something many RBL maintainers probably don't know to be available; I 
don't.  If the BCP is going to suggest this, links or some such to 
working mixmaster software/sites/RFCs would be appropriate (RFCs 
generally musn't have bare URLs in 'em; I forget what the workaround for 
that is.)

>
> [This is my only BCP-derived criticism of SPEWS btw.]
>
>>   2.7. Removals MUST Be Prompt.
>> This should be a matter of policy.  "BLs _that claim to be prompt_ 
>> must be prompt" makes sense.
>
>
> I think this may be a good change.

:)

>
>>    2.8. Removals MUST Be Possible in Absence of List Maintainer.
>>   2.9. MUST Have an Audit Trail.
>> No. BLs based on spamtraps are BCP. Many spammers listwash spamtraps 
>> if they can.  NOT providing a full public audit trail is BCP!
>
>
> We didn't say what the "audit trail" was.  A date stamp (perturbed if 
> you wish) of detection would be adequate.  CBL does that.

Great, IF the BCP  makes it clear that this is adequate.  Currently, a 
claim that the BCP(-wannabe) requires a full unmunged copy of a spam 
causing a listing would be hard to argue against.
Here's another specific text suggestion: 2.9 would benefit from the 
addition of a fragment like:  "...SHOULD make [insert :part of ] it 
publically...". The precise data does not need to be disclosed.  Some 
data provided from the audit trail may be hidden, removed or altered to 
slow down spammer adaptation.  A full internal audit trail MUST be kept. 
Perhaps then the SHOULD could become a MUST.

>
>>   2.10. Shutdowns MUST Be Done in a Graceful Fashion.
>> I suggest a specific result code be codified to represent [urgent 
>> action needed by admin, e.g. this list has shut down, etc.]
>
>
> We'd like to, unfortunately, this isn't backwards compatible - most 
> implementations would treat "a specific result code" as being 
> "listed", resulting in "block the world".  I've seen some proposals 
> for DNS server tricks that would serve the dual purpose of 
> decommissioning the blacklists and getting the queries _off_ the 
> no-longer-BL server. But we thought that would take to long to 
> codify.  If someone wants to propose something, it would be good.
>
>>   3. Special Rules for Blacklists Listing Insecure Machines.
>> See the SPEWS FAQ for why this is a bad idea.
>
>
> Which section?

 From A45:
Due to abuse by spammers, open email relays no longer have any place on 
the Internet. Some may want to debate this, we won't.
It was 3.1's "spam in hand" requirement that prompted my comment.   A 
BLs policy should state whether it will list w/o "spam in hand".

>
>>   3.1. No Automated Probes [Scanning or Probes? - inconsistent].  
>> Scanning in response to an attempt to email a system for the first 
>> time seems reasonable to me.
>
>
> Not to me, because it's too far along the line of "we scan 0/0").
>
> Scanning/probing them in response to an email they try to send you is 
> different.

It's not different from what the BCP as currently written prohibits.

>
>>   3.2. Reasonable Re-scan Periods.
>
>
>> In general, it seems like the authors don't have much respect for the 
>> tireless *volunteer* BL maintainers and need to spend more time 
>> thinking about things from the POV of the BL maintainers.
>
>
> You're making at least three huge assumptions here, and I assure you, 
> all are incorrect.  Unfortunately, aside from suggesting you google 
> for my name on Usenet (eg: NANA.bulletins) in the 1994-2000 period, 
> answering this directly would have you holding me to a higher standard 
> than our proposed BCP would. In other words, what makes you think I'm 
> not running a public BL and know full well that POV? ;-)

:)  Call it a gut feeling.  I suppose if you were behind a fabulous BL 
that was highly effective while remaining compliant with even the 
strictest interpretation of this draft, I wouldn't be surprised by the 
POV I discern in the draft.  But I don't know of any such BL.  E.g. I 
think even the CBL and SBL are not compliant with a strict 
interpretation, hence some of the suggestions I've made.  I tend to read 
and write with a <how could this be interpreted by a competent malicious 
lawyer> hat on.  Apologies and thanks if you do.  Some compromised 
machine BLs may well already be compliant...

Oh, and good point in another email - the BCP should encourage BL usage.

>
> I don't think BCP'ing a requirement that ISPs permit their users 
> choice as to which BL to use is practical, desirable or even useful.
>
> Indeed, such a BCP would be a complete waste of time for _us_, because 
> our users (employees) don't get that option by policy. 

There are good arguments on both sides of this, e.g:
Good argument: We block email from open proxies/relays.  This is a 
security issue; we must protect ourselves from attack.
Good argument: Some ISP or gov't agency has caused the machine of an org 
they don't like to be listed as open relay on some BL, even though it 
isn't an open relay, in order to suppress free speech.  It is possible 
for a white hat BL operator to be an unwitting censor in this way.
This is one more reason why I like SPEWS' use of nanabl.  If a BL is 
allegedly misbehaving, I've always thought it should be the subject of a 
public discussion in a well defined forum.

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References: <Pine.SOL.4.58.0404301220030.17469@yellow.csi.cam.ac.uk> <200404301430.i3UEUVu24576@panix5.panix.com> <49E0F0F9-9AC2-11D8-BEA4-000A95AC67AA@messagelabs.com> <409464E8.40705@americasm01.nt.com> <p06100509bcba1b307309@[192.168.254.12]> <4096C5DD.6030604@elvey.com> <81C76EB8-9DB7-11D8-9BDB-000A95AC67AA@messagelabs.com> <1083704622.5031.185641498@webmail.messagingengine.com> <40980E28.6070802@americasm01.nt.com>
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On 5/4/04 2:42 PM, Chris Lewis sent forth electrons to convey:

> Matthew Elvey wrote:
> f
>
>>>>  3.1. No Automated Probes [Scanning or Probes? - inconsistent].  
>>>
>
>
> I think the wording is poor.  It should be "No unprovoked scanning or 
> probing".  Where "mere existance" shouldn't be considered sufficient 
> provocation ;-)

Sounds good.

>
> Mebe we should be much more specific and decide whether we want to say 
> "email in hand"

That would work too, IMO.

>  (from this IP).

PHB: SpamSchool 101: BLs don't block (or embargo) anything.  The users 
of BLs do.  

You say BLs (including RHSBLs, yes?) must not be anonymous, but provide 
no counterargument to my and others arguments for anonymity.

>Best Practices require that any party that seeks to hold
>the Internet community accountable should itself accept
>accountability.
>
Says you.  Besides, accountability and anonymity are not mutually 
exclusive.  Part of the goal of the ASRG is to provide both at the same 
time.

Perhaps the draft would benefit from a section pointing out that BL 
maintainers are merely expressing an opinion, and it is their absolute 
right to do so free of legal encumberance, and in violation of the BCP, 
but that by heeding the BCP they may gain the trust of their users.

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Subject: Re: [Asrg] draft-irtf-asrg-bcp-blacklists-00
References: <Pine.SOL.4.58.0404301220030.17469@yellow.csi.cam.ac.uk> <200404301430.i3UEUVu24576@panix5.panix.com> <49E0F0F9-9AC2-11D8-BEA4-000A95AC67AA@messagelabs.com> <409464E8.40705@americasm01.nt.com> <p06100509bcba1b307309@[192.168.254.12]> <4096C5DD.6030604@elvey.com> <81C76EB8-9DB7-11D8-9BDB-000A95AC67AA@messagelabs.com> <1083704622.5031.185641498@webmail.messagingengine.com> <40980E28.6070802@americasm01.nt.com> <40984E65.4020003@elvey.com>
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Matthew Elvey wrote:

> You say BLs (including RHSBLs, yes?) must not be anonymous, but provide 
> no counterargument to my and others arguments for anonymity.

We're not arguing against (nor does the BCP) anonymity.  Just saying 
that there should be a non-public contact mechanism.  I'll amplify that 
in a reply to the comment about spews tomorrow morning.

> Perhaps the draft would benefit from a section pointing out that BL 
> maintainers are merely expressing an opinion, and it is their absolute 
> right to do so free of legal encumberance, and in violation of the BCP, 
> but that by heeding the BCP they may gain the trust of their users.

This'd probably be a good idea for the introduction.

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From: "Walter Dnes" <waltdnes@waltdnes.org>
To: ASRG list <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] draft-irtf-asrg-bcp-blacklists-00
Message-ID: <20040505040550.GA2284@m450>
References: <Pine.SOL.4.58.0404301220030.17469@yellow.csi.cam.ac.uk> <p06100501bcb7eb7341e7@[192.168.254.12]> <E8262F8C-9AB1-11D8-BEA4-000A95AC67AA@messagelabs.com> <20040502215908.GA32116@m450> <16534.49516.482100.934754@world.std.com> <4097C87D.8000108@americasm01.nt.com>
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On Tue, May 04, 2004 at 12:44:45PM -0400, Chris Lewis wrote

> > >   In terms of improvements to this BCP, I have an idea that
> > > would render the rest of the BCP moot...

> I don't think BCP'ing a requirement that ISPs permit their users
> choice as to which BL to use is practical, desirable or even useful.
> 
> Indeed, such a BCP would be a complete waste of time for _us_,
> because our users (employees) don't get that option by policy.

  That's not what I meant.  I specifically refered to clients.  The
employees are *NOT* your paying clients, so that requirement can not be
read as applying to them.

  The ISP I use for my remote inbox has enduser-configurable blocking
rulesets.  I block Nigeria, most of non-English Asia, Isreal, chunks of
Europe, and 200.0.0.0/7 (Latin America).  People over there effectively
see challenge/response from me.  Before anyone starts ranting about
"Challenge Response Authentication Protocol", my challenge is a 550
message issued right after the RCPT: stage of the SMTP transaction.  It
contains a URL pointing to my webpage which lists my current, temporary,
unfiltered email address.

  Different people end up on different spam lists.  And of course, someone
who has business contacts, friends, and/or family in the above-mentioned
countries would obviously not like my particular configuration.  I see
the biggest problem with DNSbl usage (and filter usage for that matter)
as being the one-size-fits-all approach.  People are different, and
there email requirements are different.

  The document is about best practices with regards to DNSbls, and it
should include ISPs' usage thereof.  *THE* biggest problem associated
with DNSbls today is that endusers often don't have a say about their
usage (not even whitelisting ability).

  It's easy for many in the "NANAE elite" crowd to switch ISP and
re-route incoming email addressed to a personal domain, without having
to notify dozens or hundreds of contacts about a new email address.  Joe
average does not have that ability, and big corporations find ISP
switchovers a painful experience.  They are stuck with being blacklisted
even if they personally don't spam.  This creates lots of public
resentment which the DMA will capitalize on.

  Failing to address that problem will give the DMA allies (like David
Berlind) in their fight to outlaw DNSbls or at least ram ISP-wide
whitelists down ISPs' throats.  Making use-of-DNSbls an enduser decision
will allow ISPs to point the finger at paying customers and say that
they excercised freedom of choice.  It will take away spammers' main
argument in lawsuits and for anti-DNSbl legislation.

-- 
Walter Dnes <waltdnes@waltdnes.org>
Email users are divided into two classes;
1) Those who have effective spam-blocking
2) Those who wish they did

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To: asrg@ietf.org
From: Bill Cole <grsa@billmail.scconsult.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] draft-irtf-asrg-bcp-blacklists-00
Cc: <johnl@taugh.com>, <clewis@nortelnetworks.com>
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At 1:14 PM -0400 5/4/04, Chris Lewis wrote:
>Matt Sergeant wrote:
>
>>On 4 May 2004, at 14:25, Bill Cole wrote:
>
>>>Do you consider technical best practices relevant to this BCP or not?
>
>>I'd like input from Chris on this question as I had not really 
>>considered technical best practices.
>
>Technical best practises are best suited for John Levine's DNSBL 
>RFC. Most of the things you'd want to be there should be elevated to 
>RFC "MUST"s or "SHOULD"s, because that is what DNSBL "client" 
>implementations need to program to.
>
>I've always considered our BCP to be a "policy" BCP, not a technical 
>one.  An operational guide.
>
>That being said, John Levine and I debated whether "DNSBL shutdown" 
>should be documented in his RFC or our BCP.  I _personally_ would 
>have preferred it being in the RFC.  However, the "implementations" 
>of high-volume DNSBL shutdown we've seen heretofore have all been, 
>um, "suboptimal" ;-) [+], and I as yet haven't seen a "reasonable" 
>one yet (at least one that I understood.  I know someone who has 
>commented at length on "how to do this right", perhaps I can get a 
>detailed explanation.

Well, I'm pretty sure that you've seen me and at least one other 
(probably more respected) DNS geek say approximately the same thing 
that I posted this morning, on the same day back when RFG was 
complaining about people continuing to query his dead lists.  Others 
posted very similar (i.e. effectively identical) suggestions in 
response to RFG directly then. I'd very much appreciate some clue as 
to why it is suboptimal or unclear.

Just to repeat for clarity, in excruciating detail:

If a DNSBL had, when operating, entries of the form 
1.0.0.127.dnsbl.example.com and the operator wishes to shut down the 
DNSBL, retaining the functionality of example.com as a working domain 
and minimizing queries from people who have not gotten the message 
yet about the shutdown, one of three sets of records should be added 
to the example.com zone (assuming BIND-like syntax and an $ORIGIN of 
example.com):

Set 1:

dnsbl		604800	IN	NS	.

Set 2:

dnsbl		604800	IN	NS	deadend
deadend		604800	IN	A	.

Set 3:

dnsbl		604800	IN	NS	deadend
deadend		604800	IN	A	127.255.255.255


The three options break down pretty easily. #1 is simplest but I'm 
not sure that it is technically proper. #2 is probably technically 
proper, but the '.' RHS may be confusing for some people (or even 
resolvers) who see it. #3 seems to me the wisest choice, because it 
does not depend on a resolver understanding the '.' RHS and is likely 
to look clearly abnormal to any human likely to examine query 
results. Steve Atkins seems to like the '.' but it seems too cute to 
me.

The effect of all of these, assuming sane resolver function, is that 
any resolver trying to query any of the now-dead DNSBL's records will 
be directed to ask the question of a nameserver that cannot exist. 
The long TTL (a week, which is the default maximum in BIND 9 and so 
is about as long as is useful) means that resolvers will query the 
nameserver for example.com, be told to ask the bogus nameserver for 
any DNSBL records, and cache that referral for a week.

I personally prefer option #3 because it adds a bit of a twist that I 
think is useful. Most common (many? all?) IP implementations will not 
by default understand that an address in 127/8 other than the 
standard loopback of 127.0.0.1 is bogus, and so will query that 
address as if it were a normal IP address of a real nameserver. That 
means that queries against the DNSBL will each take the amount of 
time it takes the requester's resolver to time out on a query. This 
means that the people who continue to use the DNSBL after its demise 
will likely notice a problem, and on investigation will be able to 
discern that the list is dead, yet they will not be subject to the 
severe problems that come from the sadly customary practice of 
listing the whole world to get the attention of users who have not 
yet given up.

>I talked to Yakov and John about this and they both suggested we 
>leave this undefined in this draft rather than expend time trying to 
>invent a wholly new procedure.

It has to be done at some point, unless these drafts are intended to 
end their lives as drafts.

>[+] In some cases I can't say that I blame them...  But it would be 
>nice to have a suggested method so that BL operators don't find 
>themselves in a bind later.  As one possible example: _don't_ use a 
>BL domain name you wouldn't mind deregistering later.

I don't think that's necessary, and it's really rude to the 
registry-level nameservers.

I think the rule along those lines should be that a DNSBL should be 
logically severable in all ways at a domain element boundary (aka: a 
dot)  which is also a DNS zone cut (i.e. there are NS records for 
the severable domain name) and which is disposable in the event that 
the DNSBL is shut down. In short: a DNSBL should be within a DNS 
equivalent of an airplane 'comfort bag.' It should not be used to 
carry anything else that you might ever want to keep.

I wrote the MUST's and SHOULD's a bit back in the thread.

-- 
Bill Cole                                  
bill@scconsult.com


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>> What happens when the ISP in question refuses to remove the
>> spammer(s) and you keep getting hit by their traffic?
> If I know the IP address of the spammer and I am successfully
> blocking their messages why should I care?

Because you probably won't continue to block their messages, once they
(for example) start spewing through the zombie armies.

As one simple example, I accept no mail from the great swaths of
address space that have no rDNS - yet I still routinely have occasion
to complain to the providers in question because they are supporting
spammers whose spam I get through other routes.

>> Think of it as a trade embargo, and it makes a lot more sense.
> Again, trade embargos are the cause of a large number of wars.

I think in this case, a better analogy is that the war has already
started and we are trade-embargoing those friendly to the enemy.  (Of
course, like all analogies, this one is flawed; nevertheless, I think
it is less flawed than the one implicit in the single-quoted comment.)

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To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] draft-irtf-asrg-bcp-blacklists-00
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> If the BCP does not require identification of BL maintainers it is
> not acceptable.

To whom?  You?  Then I declare that if the BCP permits "testing"
without spam-in-hand it is not acceptable.

...and after a few more participants throw in their own versions, we'll
have nothing left.

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Subject: Re: [Asrg] draft-irtf-asrg-bcp-blacklists-00
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References: <Pine.SOL.4.58.0404301220030.17469@yellow.csi.cam.ac.uk> <200404301430.i3UEUVu24576@panix5.panix.com> <49E0F0F9-9AC2-11D8-BEA4-000A95AC67AA@messagelabs.com> <409464E8.40705@americasm01.nt.com> <p06100509bcba1b307309@[192.168.254.12]> <4096C5DD.6030604@elvey.com> <81C76EB8-9DB7-11D8-9BDB-000A95AC67AA@messagelabs.com> <p06100513bcbd3882531e@[192.168.254.12]> <B9BC6910-9DDB-11D8-9BDB-000A95AC67AA@messagelabs.com> <4097CF87.2040204@americasm01.nt.com> <4097CF87.2040204@americasm01.nt.com>
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Bill Cole <grsa@billmail.scconsult.com> wrote:
>
>Set 1:
>
>dnsbl		604800	IN	NS	.
>
>Set 2:
>
>dnsbl		604800	IN	NS	deadend
>deadend		604800	IN	A	.
>
>Set 3:
>
>dnsbl		604800	IN	NS	deadend
>deadend		604800	IN	A	127.255.255.255
>
>
>The three options break down pretty easily. #1 is simplest but I'm 
>not sure that it is technically proper. #2 is probably technically 
>proper, but the '.' RHS may be confusing for some people (or even 
>resolvers) who see it. #3 seems to me the wisest choice, because it 
>does not depend on a resolver understanding the '.' RHS and is likely 
>to look clearly abnormal to any human likely to examine query 
>results.

#2 is a syntax error. The IP address on the RHS of an A record is not
a domain so it must have four numerical parts separated by dots. Nothing
else will do.

Tony.
-- 
f.a.n.finch  <dot@dotat.at>  http://dotat.at/
LANDS END TO ST DAVIDS HEAD INCLUDING THE BRISTOL CHANNEL: NORTHWEST 6 OR 7,
DECREASING 5 IN THE EAST. SHOWERS. GOOD. MODERATE OR ROUGH, OCCASIONALLY VERY
ROUGH AT FIRST IN THE WEST, BECOMING SLIGHT IN THE EAST.

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From: "Hallam-Baker, Phillip" <pbaker@verisign.com>
To: "'Barry Shein'" <bzs@world.std.com>, ASRG list <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] draft-irtf-asrg-bcp-blacklists-00
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> FWIW I never bought the idea that blacklists were passive and
> therefore completely the act of the person using them. I think that's
> facile and disingenuous.
> 
> Consider other reputation systems, such as credit agencies.
> 
> Sure, a lender chooses to use information provided by a credit agency
> so why blame the credit agency in any case?

How many credit agencies would list every customer of Verizon 
because one customer of Verizon defaulted on a loan?

How many credit agencies would list half the population of spain?
Would a credit agency list Texas because of Enron?


I think it is utterly ludicrous to expect that any document is
going to make it through IESG review on this topic.

Barry is right about plaintifs using the BCP in littigation,
I would also expect to see the IETF drawn into littigation if
it published a BCP that endorsed collateral damage or keeping
the identity of a blacklist secret to avoid littigation.


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From: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>
Organization: SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc.
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] draft-irtf-asrg-bcp-blacklists-00
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Hallam-Baker, Phillip wrote:
> Barry is right about plaintifs using the BCP in littigation,
> I would also expect to see the IETF drawn into littigation if
> it published a BCP that endorsed collateral damage or keeping
> the identity of a blacklist secret to avoid littigation.
> 

Can you give an example of any other IETF BCP or any other IETF document 
used in litigation? For example was any ISP ever sued for not following 
guidelines in RFC 3013 (BCP 46) - "Recommended Internet Service Provider 
Security Services and Procedures"?

In any case, at this time this is a research document within the scope 
of the ASRG's charter.

Yakov
--
Yakov Shafranovich / asrg <at> shaftek.org
SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc. / research <at> solidmatrix.com
"Some lies are easier to believe than the truth" (Dune)

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To: "'Yakov Shafranovich'" <research@solidmatrix.com>,
        "Hallam-Baker, Phillip" <pbaker@verisign.com>
Cc: "'Barry Shein'" <bzs@world.std.com>, ASRG list <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] draft-irtf-asrg-bcp-blacklists-00
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> Hallam-Baker, Phillip wrote:
> > Barry is right about plaintifs using the BCP in littigation,
> > I would also expect to see the IETF drawn into littigation if
> > it published a BCP that endorsed collateral damage or keeping
> > the identity of a blacklist secret to avoid littigation.
> > 
> 
> Can you give an example of any other IETF BCP or any other 
> IETF document 
> used in litigation? For example was any ISP ever sued for not 
> following 
> guidelines in RFC 3013 (BCP 46) - "Recommended Internet 
> Service Provider 
> Security Services and Procedures"?

Can you think of any other instance where vexatious lawsuits
have been started so freely?

Having the law on your side does not mean that it will not cost
a huge sum to defend. The IETF cannot afford $500,000 defending
itself in an unnecessary lawsuit.


> In any case, at this time this is a research document within 
> the scope of the ASRG's charter.

I will still strongly advise that it be suppressed, regardless
of the contents.

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From: "Dr. Jeffrey Race" <jrace@attglobal.net>
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See inline comments

On Wed, 5 May 2004 06:16:50 -0700, Hallam-Baker, Phillip wrote:
>How many credit agencies would list every customer of Verizon 
>because one customer of Verizon defaulted on a loan?

The analogy is inapt.  As for loans, Verizon is not an enabler of
the damages caused by its customers'  loan defaults.   It IS an
enabler of their spamming.

>
>How many credit agencies would list half the population of spain?
>Would a credit agency list Texas because of Enron?

This type of wholesale response is valid and often done even
by government agencies in order to bring pressure on a jurisdiction
to clean up its act.  For example, stringent visa requirements for
nationals of countries lax against terror--essentially a form of
whitelisting.

Indeed your examples seem to support rather than oppose 
blacklisting.

Jeffrey Race



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From: "Hallam-Baker, Phillip" <pbaker@verisign.com>
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Subject: RE: [Asrg] draft-irtf-asrg-bcp-blacklists-00
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> Because you probably won't continue to block their messages, once they
> (for example) start spewing through the zombie armies.

It is completely illogical to block mail from a provider because
they have a zombie on their net. There is not a single ISP in this
country who could guarantee that they did not have any.

The way to deal with zombies is to have a better response protocol
to put ISPs on notice that they have a problem with a particular
address. Most ISPs do not want to be hosting zombies on their net 
and they will kill them the moment they find out about them. That
is if the comunication reaches the right part of the company.

Blacklisting zombies is certainly legit. But blacklisting every other
user of that ISP is not.

 

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Cc: "'Barry Shein'" <bzs@world.std.com>, ASRG list <asrg@ietf.org>
From: Matt Sergeant <msergeant@messagelabs.com>
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On 5 May 2004, at 14:16, Hallam-Baker, Phillip wrote:

> How many credit agencies would list every customer of Verizon
> because one customer of Verizon defaulted on a loan?
>
> How many credit agencies would list half the population of spain?
> Would a credit agency list Texas because of Enron?

Can we (as a group - I don't intend to single Phillip out) stop with 
the bad analogies? We seem to keep filling this list with awful 
analogies to the real world that make no sense whatsoever. The internet 
email system is different.

Examples of bad analogies seen here:

  - SMTP compared to the postal system
  - The internet email system compared to the telephone network
  - Sender-pays compared to cars that run on water
  - Blacklists compared to credit agencies
  - Blacklists compared to restaurant critics

I could probably go on...

Analogies have ceased to be a useful tool, especially on this list. Can 
we stick to reality?

Matt.


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From: "Dr. Jeffrey Race" <jrace@attglobal.net>
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On Wed, 05 May 2004 09:50:17 -0400, Yakov Shafranovich wrote:
>Hallam-Baker, Phillip wrote:
>> Barry is right about plaintifs using the BCP in littigation,
>> I would also expect to see the IETF drawn into littigation if
>> it published a BCP that endorsed collateral damage or keeping
>> the identity of a blacklist secret to avoid littigation.
>Can you give an example of any other IETF BCP or any other IETF document 
>used in litigation? For example was any ISP ever sued for not following 
>guidelines in RFC 3013 (BCP 46) - "Recommended Internet Service Provider 
>Security Services and Procedures"?

It is to desireable and to be expected that courts will in due course rely
on industry practices and standards in adjudicating acceptable
behavior.    We should not be shy of it but instead encourage it.
Approved and deprecated practices are what we need to encourage
and eventually get into the judicial system.  Every industry does this
and it is long past time for ours.   It is nothing to fear.

Regarding 'collateral damage': while the reality of its usefulness is
clear, this discussion usefully points to the possible injurious emotive
overtones.    A more useful phraseology might be that employed
(with a long legal history) in the environmental pollution field.   
Stringent measures against polluters (which is what spam-enablers
are) are well received in public and legally sanctioned.  (See 
some possible wording at <http://www.camblab.com/misc/univ_std.txt>).

Please let everyone be clear that a blacklist does not prevent anyone 
from receiving service.    A blacklist USER prevents service.   A
blacklist author is not injuring anyone.   This extremely important
legal point may have to be highlighted in our documentation.  It
is one reason (among others) why the author of a blacklist
standard is not vulnerable to a claim for damages.

Jeffrey Race




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In-Reply-To: <C6DDA43B91BFDA49AA2F1E473732113E5DBC23@mou1wnexm05.vcorp.ad.vrsn.com>; from pbaker@verisign.com on Wed, May 05, 2004 at 07:16:04AM -0700
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On 05/05/04 07:16 -0700, Hallam-Baker, Phillip wrote:
> 
> > Because you probably won't continue to block their messages, once they
> > (for example) start spewing through the zombie armies.
> 
> It is completely illogical to block mail from a provider because
> they have a zombie on their net. There is not a single ISP in this
> country who could guarantee that they did not have any.
Practically no one does that. Responsive ISPs are whitelisted, or at
least not blackholed.

> The way to deal with zombies is to have a better response protocol
> to put ISPs on notice that they have a problem with a particular
> address. Most ISPs do not want to be hosting zombies on their net 
abuse@example.com is designated for that purpose.

> and they will kill them the moment they find out about them. That
> is if the comunication reaches the right part of the company.
A lot of ISPs do not kill infected PCs. That is the part of the 
fundamental problem with zombies.

> Blacklisting zombies is certainly legit. But blacklisting every other
> user of that ISP is not.
With dynamic IPs, I don't know what IP the zombie has next time. So I
just hit the /24. It seems to work quite well. (And I whitelist my
frequent senders so that there are no DNSBL lookups done for those
hosts).
Would you rather that the smarthosts provided by the ISPs be
blacklisted?

Devdas Bhagat

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From: "Hallam-Baker, Phillip" <pbaker@verisign.com>
To: "'Dr. Jeffrey Race'" <jrace@attglobal.net>
Cc: ASRG list <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] draft-irtf-asrg-bcp-blacklists-00
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The point I am making here is that any BCP that is issued should
ensure that any blacklist following the practices described would
be operating in compliance with existing criminal and civil law.

Not only do I doubt this is the case, I don't think that there is
the expertise in this group to know whether or not it is the case.
The only lawyer in the group does have relevant expertise and is 
currently attempting to set up a whitelist.

Worst of all, I don't think that there is the intention on the part
of the blacklist operators to operate within the law. The idea behind
this BCP appears to be to provide a safe harbor for their existing
practices without the need to change any of the practices that are
likely torts.


> It is to desireable and to be expected that courts will in 
> due course rely
> on industry practices and standards in adjudicating acceptable
> behavior.    We should not be shy of it but instead encourage it.
> Approved and deprecated practices are what we need to encourage
> and eventually get into the judicial system.  Every industry does this
> and it is long past time for ours.   It is nothing to fear.

I agree with the sentiment, but this is not the pace to do that.

I do not beleive that this group is equiped to decide on what best
industry practices are. It does not have a mandate from the industry.

I agree with Barry that someone who wanted to sue a blacklist could
certainly use the BCP draft as evidence of malpractice. I do not agree
that a blacklist could claim that compliance with the BCP provided
a safe harbor. This group is simply not representative of the parties
who are harmed by incompetent, vindictive or outright malicious
blacklists.

In addition the statements made on this list would be admissible if
there was any attempt to rely on the BCP as safe harbor. I think it
is amply clear that this does not constitute a good faith effort to
describe best practices that protect the interests of all the parties.

> Regarding 'collateral damage': while the reality of its usefulness is
> clear, this discussion usefully points to the possible 
> injurious emotive
> overtones.    A more useful phraseology might be that employed
> (with a long legal history) in the environmental pollution field.   
> Stringent measures against polluters (which is what spam-enablers
> are) are well received in public and legally sanctioned.  (See 
> some possible wording at <http://www.camblab.com/misc/univ_std.txt>).

The term was coined by Vixie to describe listing a known innocent
party in order to apply pressure on another party.

I don't think you will find a legitimate analogy for this, certainly
not the environmental one you cite where the real analogy would be 
for private parties to organize measures against customers of the
polluters who had no part in the pollution. Attempting to compare
the actions of blacklists who wont give their names to court actions
does not work.

The reason you will not find a legitimate analogy is that collateral
damage is very clearly a tortious interference with contract. If you
doubt me on this look at the cases where MAPS has been taken to court
on this one, they have settled every single time. In the cases where
we know what the terms were MAPS clearly surrendered.

> Please let everyone be clear that a blacklist does not prevent anyone 
> from receiving service.  

That is not the case at all.

>  A blacklist USER prevents service.  

An ISP using a blacklist prevents service, it is not the decision of the
end user.

> A blacklist author is not injuring anyone.  

The cases against MAPS clearly show that the courts did not accept this
argument. Publishing information with the intention that it be used to
block mail can constitute a tort.

> This extremely important
> legal point may have to be highlighted in our documentation.  It
> is one reason (among others) why the author of a blacklist
> standard is not vulnerable to a claim for damages.

If you think that it is an important legal point perhaps you could cite
a case where a court has made a favorable decision? The cases I have
read lead me to the opposite conclusion.

In the US you can be vulnerable for a claim for damages for walking down
the street. In this case it is the claim alone that would result in 
crippling legal fees.


There are certainly ways that a blacklist can be operated within the 
boundaries of the criminal and civil law. In the antiphishing WG we
are actually discussing what it would take to set up a blacklist to
block out phishing capture sites. It will surprise many here probably
to know that I originated that idea.


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From: "Hallam-Baker, Phillip" <pbaker@verisign.com>
To: "'Dr. Jeffrey Race'" <jrace@attglobal.net>, ASRG list <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] draft-irtf-asrg-bcp-blacklists-00
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> On Wed, 5 May 2004 06:16:50 -0700, Hallam-Baker, Phillip wrote:
> >How many credit agencies would list every customer of Verizon 
> >because one customer of Verizon defaulted on a loan?
> 
> The analogy is inapt.  As for loans, Verizon is not an enabler of
> the damages caused by its customers'  loan defaults.   It IS an
> enabler of their spamming.

OK, Anderson accounting enabled Enron, does that mean that it is
legitimate to sanction every customer of Anderson?

> >How many credit agencies would list half the population of spain?
> >Would a credit agency list Texas because of Enron?
> 
> This type of wholesale response is valid and often done even
> by government agencies in order to bring pressure on a jurisdiction
> to clean up its act.  For example, stringent visa requirements for
> nationals of countries lax against terror--essentially a form of
> whitelisting.

The fact that a government can do something that a blacklist cannot
does not support your argument. Blacklists are not governments, they
are not accountable to any party.

Governments are defined by their ability to hold a monopoly on the
legitimate use of force. Saying that governments have the right to
police the Internet is not inconsistent with saying that private
individuals do not.

> Indeed your examples seem to support rather than oppose 
> blacklisting.

Your attempts to rebutt them fail totally. 

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> I blame the credit agency if it _lies_.

> I blame ISPs who lie, too (such as claiming that the string ".cjb.net"
is such a strong sign of spam that no message containing it can be
delivered; you've lost two customers that I can name (and probably
many more) over that sort of policy).

Here is just one more advantage of my own proposal... no ISP will lose customers 
(recipients, anyhow) due to their unhappiness about settings if the RECIPIENT 
CONTROLS THOSE SETTINGS!  The OWNER OF THE INBOX is the person who controls 
policy regarding what mail is allowed into it, based on the content and size of 
the E-mail, and who sent it.  

It's like the (costumed/themed) waiters here at the Magic Time Machine 
(restaurant) who come around and ask you how you like your salad;  then they 
jokingly comment that you SHOULD like the way it was made, since you made it 
yourself (from their salad bar!).  The choices were YOURS so of course they 
should reflect your personal tastes.

Gordon Peterson                  http://personal.terabites.com/
1977-2002  Twenty-fifth anniversary year of Local Area Networking!
Support free and fair US elections!  http://stickers.defend-democracy.org
12/19/98: Partisan Republicans scornfully ignore the voters they "represent".
12/09/00: the date the Republican Party took down democracy in America.



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From: "Hallam-Baker, Phillip" <pbaker@verisign.com>
To: "'Matt Sergeant'" <msergeant@messagelabs.com>,
        "Hallam-Baker, Phillip"
	 <pbaker@verisign.com>
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> Can we (as a group - I don't intend to single Phillip out) stop with 
> the bad analogies? We seem to keep filling this list with awful 
> analogies to the real world that make no sense whatsoever. 
> The internet email system is different.

The human mind works by analogy. If you believe Lakoff every argument
including mathematics is by analogy. so it is not a very useful request.

> Examples of bad analogies seen here:
> 
>   - SMTP compared to the postal system
>   - The internet email system compared to the telephone network
>   - Sender-pays compared to cars that run on water
>   - Blacklists compared to credit agencies
>   - Blacklists compared to restaurant critics

All analogies are bad. The question is whether the applicability
of the analogy is understood or not.

The comparison of blacklists and credit agencies is being raised
by the blacklist side. I was pointing out that it is a falacious
argument because the analogy does not hold.

In fact if you look at the credit agency analogy you can see the
reason that a blacklist has a problem re tortious interference.
Credit agencies do not release information about a consumer without
the express consent of the consumer given in advance. That consent
is set out in the form of a contract.

Sure you can do some Napster style lawyering and argue that these
differences are immaterial, that the fact credit agencies exist and
operate in a highly restrictive manner under regulations that grant
safe harbor means that blacklists have carte-blanche. But in the real
world those arguments do not hold water [and if they did you still
could not run your car on it].

The best analogy for blacklists is probably restaurant critics. And
in that world there is definitely serious liability. A critic is
unlikely to be sued over anything as subjective as awarding three
or five stars. But a critic who posted 'food was inedible, sanitary
conditions dangerous' could be sued in a heartbeat.

Blanket analogies such as those made by blacklist proponents fail 
because they are of the form 'X is legal, blacklists are like an X,
therefore blacklists are legal'. I am pointing out that to operate
within the law X has to observe some very basic legal principals that 
the blaclists appear intent on ignoring. 

One of the most basic principles is providing a registered business
address. If blacklists want to take advantage of any form of limited
liability this requirement applies to them.

> I could probably go on...
> 
> Analogies have ceased to be a useful tool, especially on this 
> list. Can we stick to reality?

There is very little case law that relates to blacklists, and that which 
does exist is constructed on the basis of analogy. If you follow the
early cases in almost any Internet related field you will see 
arguments over what the correct analogy should be.

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Subject: Re: [Asrg] draft-irtf-asrg-bcp-blacklists-00
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"Hallam-Baker, Phillip" <pbaker@verisign.com> wrote:

> How many credit agencies would list every customer of Verizon 
> because one customer of Verizon defaulted on a loan?

Credit agencies don't "list", they provide information.

If the correlation between "customer of Verizon" and "defaulted" were
high enough, they'd all mention being such a customer.  If it were
considered irrelevant, they wouldn't.

> How many credit agencies would list half the population of spain?

How many insurance companies charge different amounts based on
neighborhood?

> Would a credit agency list Texas because of Enron?

Credit for companies depends on the sovereign, not subdivision.

> I think it is utterly ludicrous to expect that any document is
> going to make it through IESG review on this topic.

Then why are you wasting your time trying to stop it?

> Barry is right about plaintifs using the BCP in littigation,

How about defendants using it?

> I would also expect to see the IETF drawn into littigation if
> it published a BCP that endorsed collateral damage or keeping
> the identity of a blacklist secret to avoid littigation.

There's a difference between "not mentioning" and "endorsing".

Seth

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"Hallam-Baker, Phillip" <pbaker@verisign.com> wrote:

>> Because you probably won't continue to block their messages, once they
>> (for example) start spewing through the zombie armies.
>
> It is completely illogical to block mail from a provider because
> they have a zombie on their net. There is not a single ISP in this
> country who could guarantee that they did not have any.

However, there are some who take action to block and clean the zombie,
and others who don't.

> The way to deal with zombies is to have a better response protocol
> to put ISPs on notice that they have a problem with a particular
> address. Most ISPs do not want to be hosting zombies on their net
> and they will kill them the moment they find out about them.

For a rather small value of "Most ISPs", at least based on the content
of my mailbox.

> That is if the comunication reaches the right part of the company.

I don't have time to throw a brick through the CEO's home window with
the IP written on it for every zombie spam I get.

Merely sending a complaint to the published abuse address often leads
to no action at all, beyond perhaps and auto-ignorebot response.

> Blacklisting zombies is certainly legit. But blacklisting every
> other user of that ISP is not.

Since when do you get to define "legit"?  My toys, my rules; blocking
whatever I feel like blocking is legit, and if you don't like it feel
free not to buy service from me (as if you could in the first place).

Taking action to move the pain back to the non-responsive ISP is
legit and appropriate.  If you don't want that to hurt you, don't be
(a customer of) such an ISP.

Seth

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Cc: "'Barry Shein'" <bzs@world.std.com>, ASRG list <asrg@ietf.org>
From: Matt Sergeant <msergeant@messagelabs.com>
To: "Hallam-Baker, Phillip" <pbaker@verisign.com>
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Phillip,

I get the feeling you're happy with certain blacklists. It's two issues 
[*] you feel stuck on: 1) Collateral damage and 2) anonymity. So I'll 
try to address those.

Collateral Damage
-----------------

This is a really tough issue. There's really only one DNSBL that I 
support in terms of its collateral damage policy and that is the SBL. 
They will escalate a listing from the IP addresses sending spam to the 
corporate mail servers of the ISP in question if they are unable to get 
action from that ISP in removing the spammer. They do not do this 
lightly - only after making numerous attempts to contact the ISP both 
via email and telephone calls. Note the fact that the escalation is not 
to the entire ISP - just to the corporate mail servers of the ISP.

This seems to me to be a useful technique to kick spammers off the ISP. 
It has worked. And this level of collateral damage doesn't have too 
negative effect on the customers of the ISP.

However we didn't feel we could codify this technique into the BCP. 
Maybe we should. Instead we tried to steer towards collateral damage 
being the LAST resort.

We did not wish to outlaw the SBL, as it is a VERY good blacklist, and 
is run very well and is highly respected. Creating a BCP which outlawed 
the SBL would have a far greater negative effect than creating a BCP 
which allows it to escalate listings.

If you do not feel we are currently doing so in this BCP then please 
help us strike a middle ground instead of declaring the BCP pointless.

Anonymity
---------

We did not wish to prevent anonymity in the BCP because it provides 
useful protection to the people who run these services. This has become 
necessary not because what they are doing is illegal, but because the 
cost of even a failed lawsuit in the US is too much for the creators of 
the blocklists to bear.

So there's a rock and a hard place. A good blocklist like the CBL is 
anonymous for the reason above (and other reasons). And yet it only 
lists insecure machines for a short temporary period. It stops varying 
amounts of spam for people (in the range of 40% to 80%) with 
practically zero false positives. Having the CBL around makes internet 
email much better than not having it.

Do I wish that these blocklists could all be public facing and not 
anonymous? Absolutely! But the reality of your litigious society has 
ensured that this is becoming more and more difficult.

I cannot comment on the legality or otherwise of being anonymous and 
anyone else who cannot comment on it (because they are not lawyers) 
should not.

Matt.

[*] Feel free to correct this if I'm assuming wrong.


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From: "Dr. Jeffrey Race" <jrace@attglobal.net>
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On Wed, 5 May 2004 09:03:06 -0700, Hallam-Baker, Phillip wrote:

>But a critic who posted 'food was inedible, sanitary
>conditions dangerous' could be sued in a heartbeat.


Of course he can be sued; I have been sued many times and
appeared in court hundreds of times.   The point is that (with rare exceptions)
 truth is an absolute defense in a defamation case.   There are many other
 defenses (e.g. good faith, public duty).

The point of  a practice is to spell out proper rules.   If the rules of practice
are proper, public, and serve a non-discriminatory public purpose, the
industry body propounding the practice is liable for nothing more than
harassing litigation, likely not even that.    A blacklist operator who 
violates the rules may be liable, or may not, in some venue on some
cause of action.   That is right and proper.    The way to make a good
blacklist system is to have a good industry practice.   People who
run bad blacklists get run out of town.  (It happened in one famous case.)

I will address tortious interference in another message.

Jeffrey Race



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On Wed, 5 May 2004 07:16:04 -0700, Hallam-Baker, Phillip wrote:
>It is completely illogical to block mail from a provider because
>they have a zombie on their net.

As a first step, yes, it is inappropriate, and that should be part of
the practice.

>There is not a single ISP in this
>country who could guarantee that they did not have any.

Not relevant.  The issue is not "any"; it is one of continued patterns
of abuse after proper notification


>
>The way to deal with zombies is to have a better response protocol
>to put ISPs on notice that they have a problem with a particular
>address. Most ISPs do not want to be hosting zombies on their net 
>and they will kill them the moment they find out about them. 

Yes but as you admit some do nothing.  Those are the ones
who need to be blacklisted into action (or bankruptcy, because
they are profiting from the environmental-polluter business model.)

>That is if the comunication reaches the right part of the company.

In some companies there is no 'right part' because the management
decides to dump their problem on the spam/trojan/virus/worm victims,
rather than fixing it inhouse.   Management chooses to be a
polluter, and they should accept the consequences.   We should


>
>Blacklisting zombies is certainly legit. But blacklisting every other
>user of that ISP is not.

Like all other complicated human situations, it depends on the 
facts of the situation.

Jeffrey Race



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Subject: Re: [Asrg] draft-irtf-asrg-bcp-blacklists-00
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> The point I am making here is that any BCP that is issued should
> ensure that any blacklist following the practices described would be
> operating in compliance with existing criminal and civil law.

This - importing legal restrictions into the BCP - is not really
practical.

We, the group generating the BCP, cannot know what the legal
restrictions are.  There are so many jurisdictions around that
researching the various laws is too large a task.  And besides, even as
slow as legislative progress typically is, given the number of
jurisdictions, it's a dead cinch that someone's legal climate will
change during the BCP publication process, never mind between
publication and use.

Even if you just stick to, say, USA/Canada/EU/Australia, I think it
would be a very bad idea to enshrine the current law of any of those in
our document - especially given how fast (in legislative terms) the
legal climate is changing.

>> [..."collateral damage"...]
> I don't think you will find a legitimate analogy for this, certainly
> not the environmental one you cite where the real analogy would be
> for private parties to organize measures against customers of the
> polluters who had no part in the pollution.

And what's wrong with that?  I can organize - or more precisely try to
organize - boycotts against anyone I please for any reason I please
(with a few specific exceptions in many jurisdictions, none of which
are relevant here), from people who wear black socks to people who
can't spell to people who buy from Exxon - to (say) people who get net
connectivity through Verizon.

> The reason you will not find a legitimate analogy is that collateral
> damage is very clearly a tortious interference with contract.
> [...case law, notably MAPS...]

As you ought to know, the MAPS cases were brought in the USA, where the
merits of a case have comparatively little to do with how it ends; in
MAPS cases I heard of, it was a question of who was willing to throw
more money at lawyers.

>> A blacklist author is not injuring anyone.
> The cases against MAPS clearly show that the courts did not accept
> this argument.

As you yourself pointed out (in text I cut), the MAPS cases were
settled out of court; the court did not have a chance to accept or
reject the argument in question.

> In the US you can be vulnerable for a claim for damages for walking
> down the street.  In this case it is the claim alone that would
> result in crippling legal fees.

True.  Perhaps the BCP should say "do not run the list under USA legal
jurisdiction"; that's certainly the lesson _I_ find in your examples.

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Subject: Re: [Asrg] draft-irtf-asrg-bcp-blacklists-00
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Hallam-Baker, Phillip wrote:

>>Hallam-Baker, Phillip wrote:
>>
>>>Barry is right about plaintifs using the BCP in littigation,
>>>I would also expect to see the IETF drawn into littigation if
>>>it published a BCP that endorsed collateral damage or keeping
>>>the identity of a blacklist secret to avoid littigation.
>>>
>>
>>Can you give an example of any other IETF BCP or any other 
>>IETF document 
>>used in litigation? For example was any ISP ever sued for not 
>>following 
>>guidelines in RFC 3013 (BCP 46) - "Recommended Internet 
>>Service Provider 
>>Security Services and Procedures"?
> 
> 
> Can you think of any other instance where vexatious lawsuits
> have been started so freely?
> 
> Having the law on your side does not mean that it will not cost
> a huge sum to defend. The IETF cannot afford $500,000 defending
> itself in an unnecessary lawsuit.
> 

There is another BCP that has a similar problem - RFC 2148/BCP 15 -
"Deployment of the Internet White Pages Service". In particular is
starts off with the following:

"1. An organization SHOULD publish public E-mail addresses and
  other public address information about Internet users within their site."

As many of us are aware, there are numerous laws that may forbid that
(not counting the possibility of harvesting). This is why the next
paragraph of the BCP addresses that:

"2. Most countries have laws concerning publication of information about
persons. Above and beyond these, the organization SHOULD follow the
recommendations of [1]."

Section 6 expands on this in detail, with snippets like:

"Every maintainer of IWPS information should publish data according to
the national law of the country in which the local database which holds
the information resides."

THEREFORE, to resolve this issue in regards to this particular document,
it might be sufficient to include a similar section discussing the legal
issues and make it clear that the local laws of whatever country the
blacklist list operator is in, override the recommendations and that the
BCP is not meant to go against any existing law.

> 
> 
>>In any case, at this time this is a research document within 
>>the scope of the ASRG's charter.
> 
> 
> I will still strongly advise that it be suppressed, regardless
> of the contents.
> 

See RFC 2014, section 3, first paragraph.

Yakov

--
Yakov Shafranovich / asrg <at> shaftek.org
SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc. / research <at> solidmatrix.com
"Some lies are easier to believe than the truth" (Dune)

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References: <Pine.SOL.4.58.0404301220030.17469@yellow.csi.cam.ac.uk> <200404301430.i3UEUVu24576@panix5.panix.com> <49E0F0F9-9AC2-11D8-BEA4-000A95AC67AA@messagelabs.com> <409464E8.40705@americasm01.nt.com> <p06100509bcba1b307309@[192.168.254.12]> <4096C5DD.6030604@elvey.com> <4097C49A.70109@americasm01.nt.com> <409840E3.2020504@elvey.com>
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Matthew Elvey wrote:

> On 5/4/04 9:28 AM, Chris Lewis sent forth electrons to convey:

>> I can think of a couple.  Here's one: a blacklist entry that was 
>> created solely on the existance of an open proxy, yet delisting 
>> required that the system owner provided rDNS and postmaster 
>> accessibility IN ADDITION to fixing the proxy.  Desirable yes, but, 
>> this goes beyond the BLs stated purpose, and unnecessarily conflates 
>> anti-spam with non-spam issues.  rDNS/postmaster were irrelevant to 
>> the original listing, they should remain irrelevant to a subsequent 
>> delisting. 

> That's not a valid example.  If these additional requirements were not 
> in the BL's stated delisting, then this issue was covered in

> 2.1. "Truth in Advertising".

You _could_ do it that way.  But this runs into a number of problems. 
One of which being a crack to stick the wedge of impropriety in. 
Believe me, it's best for the blacklist _owner_ to do whatever they can 
that has the slightest whiff of ulterior motives.  Ie: "pay me to get 
out of the list".  Which is either extortion or protection rackets or both.

I strongly believe that any blacklist owner who does think through all 
of the ramifications of "extra delisting requirements" will realize it's 
in their best interests to avoid them.  In a legal sense.  Objectivity 
and pinpoint accuracy is always to be preferred if there's no compelling 
reason to do otherwise (ie: SPEWS being inherently and deliberately 
subjective).  Subjective isn't _wrong_, just unnecessary-to-the-goal 
subjectivity is dangerous - to the blacklist admin's legal liability - 
even if only a frivolous claim.

When I was Usenet despamming (for about 6 years), there were many 
opportunities to do things like this.  Some perfectly reasonable, some 
not.  And I've watched other de/anti spammers go through some of the 
same temptations and the flamewars and worse that resulted.  It's simply 
never preferable to do anything that is even remotely close to imposing 
something on the listee that benefits _you_, or isn't directly related 
to the listing.  That ONLY provides leverage for legal action, justified 
or not.

That's 10 years hard labour in the trenches (with at times an average of 
one lawsuit threat per _day_) speaking.

This recommendation serves to _lessen_ the BL owner's potential legal 
problems, not the opposite.

>>>   2.3. Listing/Delisting Criteria MUST Be Easily Available.

> Vagueness here is undesirable.  Here's my specific text suggestion: 2.3 
> would benefit from the addition of sentences like:  The precise 
> algorithms and data used for listing and delisting do not need to be 
> disclosed.  Some criteria may be vaguely defined to slow down spammer 
> adaptation.

I think clarification of intent along that line would be a good idea.

>>>   2.6. MUST Have a Direct Non-Public Way to Request Removal.
> I can't think of any benefit that 2.6 would provide.  I claim that any 
> question re. SPEWS is likely going to be answered faster and better via 
> a nanae/nanabl posting.

For the most part you're perfectly right.  NANAE or NANABL will usually 
come up with a good explanation (albeit buried deep amongst the insults 
and entirely wrong answers).

In theory, and much of the time in practise, it works acceptably well.

_If_ it's asked, and _if_ one or more of the answerers manage to figure 
out the answer and _if_ the questioner is able to seperate the wheat 
from the chaff (nay, buckshot ;-), fine.

But, these things fail a whole lot more than people appreciate.  I'm on 
lists where things like this are discussed honestly.

1) listees (especially ISPs) sometimes have no idea whatsoever why <some 
IPs> are listed.  Sometimes it's subtle (like a stale DNS entry), or 
some connection that's not published in the SPEWS entry.  I full well 
believe that SPEWS listings result from unanswered complaints.  On the 
other hand, one can easily expect some of these complaints going astray 
(for a whole host of reasons, including not identifying the responsible
party correctly in the first place).  Having a failsafe to get the right
answer is desirable.

I've seen plenty of ISPs saying "I have no idea why this is listed. 
We've never got any complaints about this customer".  Or, worse, when 
they can't figure out what customer the listing is a result of. Yeah, 
sometimes they're lying.  But not always.

2) A whole host of *SPs and personnel simply refuse to have anything to 
do with NANAE or NANABL.  I've done my bit to try to persuade them 
otherwise, including in some cases "fronting" requests and guiding them 
thru the minefield.  But it almost never happens.

3) I've seen NANAE/NANABL grasping at straws to find out the ultimate 
reason for a listing, and never finding it.  Or not knowing if it has 
been found.

My goal in anti-spam is to block spam.  To prevent spam from being sent 
in the first place.  To make it as easy as possible for ISPs to clean up 
problems or, gasp, point out mistakes.  Even escalation has a positive 
role to play.

I have no problem with SPEWS' general "ask NANAE" here, as long as there 
is a channel of last resort.

CBL does something like this - you can delist yourself, and it happens 
within a few hours.  They also have a removal limiter to refuse 
delisting if the same IP is removed too often.  Then you're guided to 
contact the CBL directly.

I'm sure that the vast majority of CBL delistings occur without having 
to go anywhere near the email address.  The ones that do can't be that 
high volume, because I've not had problems dealing with them by email. 
And if you do deal with them by email, you still don't find out who they 
are.

>>>   3. Special Rules for Blacklists Listing Insecure Machines.
>>> See the SPEWS FAQ for why this is a bad idea.

>> Which section?

>  From A45:
> Due to abuse by spammers, open email relays no longer have any place on 
> the Internet. Some may want to debate this, we won't.
> It was 3.1's "spam in hand" requirement that prompted my comment.   A 
> BLs policy should state whether it will list w/o "spam in hand".

Okay.

>>> In general, it seems like the authors don't have much respect for the 
>>> tireless *volunteer* BL maintainers and need to spend more time 
>>> thinking about things from the POV of the BL maintainers.

>> You're making at least three huge assumptions here, and I assure you, 
>> all are incorrect.  Unfortunately, aside from suggesting you google 
>> for my name on Usenet (eg: NANA.bulletins) in the 1994-2000 period, 
>> answering this directly would have you holding me to a higher standard 
>> than our proposed BCP would. In other words, what makes you think I'm 
>> not running a public BL and know full well that POV? ;-)

> :)  Call it a gut feeling.

Heh.  Matt has run a public BL.  Not for very long mind you, but 
apparently a lot of people used it during that period.

As for the gut feeling w.r.t. me, well, I think that John Levine and a 
few others (besides Matt) might be persuaded to tell you that your gut 
feeling is wrong, without going into details ;-)

> E.g. I 
> think even the CBL and SBL are not compliant with a strict 
> interpretation, hence some of the suggestions I've made.

If the BCP can be twisted that far by a reasonable person, it needs to 
be adjusted.  Thanks for your comments!

> Oh, and good point in another email - the BCP should encourage BL usage.

I view the BCP as helping in the following ways:

- Blacklist owners have an idea of (a) what they're getting into and (b) 
what they should say to make the operation (not necessarily identity) of 
the blacklist transparent.
- Blacklist users know what they're getting.  So they won't be surprised 
or blindsided.  They can make informed decisions on whether to use it or 
not.
- By being as transparent as possible about the operation of the list, 
the blacklist owner shifts legal responsibility for use of the list onto 
the user of the blacklist.  Which is where it should be.

Even a blacklist that is run entirely capriciously can protect 
themselves from legal liability by making it damn clear to the potential 
blacklist user that it _is_ capricious.  This BCP tells the blacklist 
owner which things at a minimum they should describe, so that the 
listee's argument can only be with the BL user.

This BCP is _intended_ to be of benefit to both owners and users of BLs. 
Transparency benefits BCP owners even more than users...  The only 
reason to lessen transparency is where necessary to prevent spammer 
evolution.

Maybe we have to amplify the introduction more along the above lines to 
help ameliorate most of the legal concerns and make that intent more 
obvious.

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From: "Hallam-Baker, Phillip" <pbaker@verisign.com>
To: "'Seth Breidbart'" <sethb@panix.com>, asrg@ietf.org
Subject: RE: [Asrg] draft-irtf-asrg-bcp-blacklists-00
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> Credit agencies don't "list", they provide information.
> 
> If the correlation between "customer of Verizon" and "defaulted" were
> high enough, they'd all mention being such a customer.  If it were
> considered irrelevant, they wouldn't.
> 
> > How many credit agencies would list half the population of spain?
> 
> How many insurance companies charge different amounts based on
> neighborhood?

That is actually a criminal violation of the credit acts. Some banks
round here have paid very very large fines for that type of behavior.

Sure it happens, but when it does a person listed can apply to the 
courts for damages.

Once I had an issue with my mobile provider. They were refusing to
let me get a replacement phone. Eventually someone directed me to their 
credit department where a supervisor told me "That program is not
available to people with your postcode", to which I replied, "Oh
dear you have a serious problem then, do you understand what you 
just said?". After a long pause, "That should not have happened".

I won't go into the details here, suffice to say that it has been
fixed. 

There are curently lawsuits in progress about the use of location
data as any form of input to a scoring scheme. 


Location is not comparable to provider however. Location is subject
to anti-discrimination statutes which are in general rather weaker
than the tort of contract interference.


> > I think it is utterly ludicrous to expect that any document is
> > going to make it through IESG review on this topic.
> 
> Then why are you wasting your time trying to stop it?

To raise an issue at the appeals level you have to first raise it
at first instance.
 
> > Barry is right about plaintifs using the BCP in littigation,
> 
> How about defendants using it?
> 
> > I would also expect to see the IETF drawn into littigation if
> > it published a BCP that endorsed collateral damage or keeping
> > the identity of a blacklist secret to avoid littigation.
> 
> There's a difference between "not mentioning" and "endorsing".
> 
> Seth
> 
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg
> 

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"Hallam-Baker, Phillip" <pbaker@verisign.com> wrote:

>> > How many credit agencies would list half the population of spain?
>> 
>> How many insurance companies charge different amounts based on
>> neighborhood?
>
> That is actually a criminal violation of the credit acts. Some banks
> round here have paid very very large fines for that type of behavior.

I trust you've never priced automobile insurance.

There was recently a thread on misc.legal.moderated about someone
wanting to live in Brooklyn but buy insurance claiming Nassau.  Nobody
suggested that the rate differential was illegal.

> Sure it happens, but when it does a person listed can apply to the 
> courts for damages.

And get laughed out of them, too.

> Once I had an issue with my mobile provider.

That doesn't sound like an insurance company or a credit agency.

> There are curently lawsuits in progress about the use of location
> data as any form of input to a scoring scheme. 

"Redlining" is illegal; however, other uses aren't.

There are "lawsuits in progress" about lots of things.

Seth

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> I get the feeling you're happy with certain blacklists.

I believe it is possible to run a blacklist for certain very narrow
purposes in a legal, useful and acceptable fashion. I do not think
it is remotely possible to stop spam through blacklists.

> It's two issues 
> [*] you feel stuck on: 1) Collateral damage and 2) anonymity. So I'll 
> try to address those.
> 
> Collateral Damage
> -----------------
> 
> This is a really tough issue. There's really only one DNSBL that I 
> support in terms of its collateral damage policy and that is the SBL. 
> They will escalate a listing from the IP addresses sending 
> spam to the 
> corporate mail servers of the ISP in question if they are 
> unable to get 
> action from that ISP in removing the spammer. They do not do this 
> lightly - only after making numerous attempts to contact the ISP both 
> via email and telephone calls. Note the fact that the 
> escalation is not 
> to the entire ISP - just to the corporate mail servers of the ISP.

This is action against the ISP and not a third party. I would have no 
objection to that type of activity, it does not raise the issues of 
contract interference.

There could still be an issue of course if the reason for the listing
was simply malicious but that would be no different from listing the
spammer.


> Anonymity
> ---------
> 
> We did not wish to prevent anonymity in the BCP because it provides 
> useful protection to the people who run these services. This 
> has become 
> necessary not because what they are doing is illegal, but because the 
> cost of even a failed lawsuit in the US is too much for the 
> creators of the blocklists to bear.

I don't believe in anonymous reputation services.

If blacklists are going to demand accountability they must accept
accountability - from all parties they affect, not just the ones they
choose.

I believe in the democratic rule of law, no exceptions. If the legal
system is broken then it has to be fixed. There are plenty of blacklists
that operate in the open. Spamhaus operates in a legal regime wrt libel
that is far more hostile than the US.

I do not believe that it should be legal for a public service ISP to
use any anonymous blacklist service to filter customer's mail.

> Do I wish that these blocklists could all be public facing and not 
> anonymous? Absolutely! But the reality of your litigious society has 
> ensured that this is becoming more and more difficult.

When we started VeriSign nobody else dared to run a public service
CA because they feared the liability issues. Today the liability
issue is considered irrelevant by many CAs and CA customers (heh,
they got a surprise comming). The reason is that VeriSign did such
a good job of anticipating the legal issues and pre-empting them.


The blacklist I am currently looking to establish will probably not
block any spam at all, it will block less than 1% of the web sites 
mentioned in spam, hopefully though it will block 80%+ of a certain
type of fraud.

I want the blacklist to be used near universally, therefore I want 
to make it practically impossible for a false positive to occur -
even though people will clearly attempt to engineer them.


		Phill



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From: "Hallam-Baker, Phillip" <pbaker@verisign.com>
To: "'der Mouse'" <mouse@Rodents.Montreal.QC.CA>, asrg@ietf.org
Subject: RE: [Asrg] draft-irtf-asrg-bcp-blacklists-00
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> > The point I am making here is that any BCP that is issued should
> > ensure that any blacklist following the practices described would be
> > operating in compliance with existing criminal and civil law.
> 
> This - importing legal restrictions into the BCP - is not really
> practical.
> 
> We, the group generating the BCP, cannot know what the legal
> restrictions are.  There are so many jurisdictions around that
> researching the various laws is too large a task. 

Tht is not true. There are basically two legal traditions that are in effect
in the vast majority of the world, English Common Law and Continental Law.
If you go back a bit further vitually all legal systems are derrived from
Roman law or Confussian ideas. There is a significant amount of interchange
since English Common Law imported a lot of Confussian ideas during the
colonization of India and the opium wars.

The basic principles of tort law are exactly the same whether you are in the
UK, the US, Canada, Australia or most of the former colonies. Given that
this is where the majority of current and future Internet users live it
seems reasonable to expect BCPs to comply here.

> And besides, even as
> slow as legislative progress typically is, given the number of
> jurisdictions, it's a dead cinch that someone's legal climate will
> change during the BCP publication process, never mind between
> publication and use.

Interference with contract has been a legal principle that has existed for
2000 years. I doubt it will disappear anytime soon.


> Even if you just stick to, say, USA/Canada/EU/Australia, I think it
> would be a very bad idea to enshrine the current law of any 
> of those in
> our document - especially given how fast (in legislative terms) the
> legal climate is changing.

Off hand I cannot recall a single legislative act in the past fifteen years
that has changed the legal climate. CAN-SPAM merely criminalizes behavior
that was already being successfully litigated by Jon Praed and co. Before
that we had the digital signature act which merely reiterated the fact that
in English common law any mark that is intended as a signature is a
signature and that there is a rebuttable assumption that a signature is
valid. Before that we had various hacker statutes that made it clear that
theft of computer service, criminal damage to computer services was the same
as any other criminal damage.

In fact come to think of it I cannot think of any case where legislation has
ever changed the legal principles that apply.

> >> [..."collateral damage"...]
> > I don't think you will find a legitimate analogy for this, certainly
> > not the environmental one you cite where the real analogy would be
> > for private parties to organize measures against customers of the
> > polluters who had no part in the pollution.
> 
> And what's wrong with that?  I can organize - or more precisely try to
> organize - boycotts against anyone I please for any reason I please
> (with a few specific exceptions in many jurisdictions, none of which
> are relevant here), from people who wear black socks to people who
> can't spell to people who buy from Exxon - to (say) people who get net
> connectivity through Verizon.

You can lawfully boycott McDonalds if you don't like them. Organizing a 
boycott of customers of McDonalds is a very different matter.


> As you ought to know, the MAPS cases were brought in the USA, 
> where the
> merits of a case have comparatively little to do with how it ends; in
> MAPS cases I heard of, it was a question of who was willing to throw
> more money at lawyers.

Read the pre-trial judgements. I don't think that better lawyers would
have changed them. 

> As you yourself pointed out (in text I cut), the MAPS cases were
> settled out of court; the court did not have a chance to accept or
> reject the argument in question.

There are pre-trial decisions that are public. and those decisions 
make it very clear that in that circuit at least the court was not
buying the MAPS arguments.


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Subject: Re: [Asrg] RE: 2a. Blacklists, collateral damage and anonymity
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"Hallam-Baker, Phillip" <pbaker@verisign.com> wrote:

> I believe it is possible to run a blacklist for certain very narrow
> purposes in a legal, useful and acceptable fashion. I do not think
> it is remotely possible to stop spam through blacklists.

It is clearly possible to block a lot of it that way.

Is there a reason you seem to be opposed to such blocking?

> I don't believe in anonymous reputation services.

They exist.  Deal with it.  Or continue to deny it; I don't have to
care.

> If blacklists are going to demand accountability they must accept
> accountability - from all parties they affect, not just the ones they
> choose.

I haven't seen anything about blacklists that "demand accountability";
rather, they just provide information.

If you choose to create a "blacklist of blacklists" that lists the
ones that aren't sufficiently well-identified to satisfy you, go for
it.  I'm sure all those who agree with you will use it appropriately.

> I believe in the democratic rule of law, no exceptions. If the legal
> system is broken then it has to be fixed.

What do "opinion servers" and "fact providers" have to do with "the
democratic rule of law"?

> There are plenty of blacklists that operate in the open.

So you have no shortage of ones to use, if you want to.

> I do not believe that it should be legal for a public service ISP to
> use any anonymous blacklist service to filter customer's mail.

The Constitution of the US disagrees with you.  Read up about "freedom
of contract" sometime.

But I'll happily allow you to define the phrase "public service ISP"
not to include those that use anonymous blacklist services; entities
that want to use such services can call themselves "private service
ISPs" or just "ISPs".

> When we started VeriSign nobody else dared to run a public service
> CA because they feared the liability issues. Today the liability
> issue is considered irrelevant by many CAs and CA customers (heh,
> they got a surprise comming).

How much did you lose for that bogus Microsoft certificate?

> The reason is that VeriSign did such
> a good job of anticipating the legal issues and pre-empting them.

Such as defining contracts to say "we have no liability".  That would
seem like a good thing for blacklists to do as well.

> The blacklist I am currently looking to establish will probably not
> block any spam at all, it will block less than 1% of the web sites
> mentioned in spam, hopefully though it will block 80%+ of a certain
> type of fraud.

Fine with me.

> I want the blacklist to be used near universally,

That's very unlikely to happen.

Seth

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From: "Hallam-Baker, Phillip" <pbaker@verisign.com>
To: "'Yakov Shafranovich'" <research@solidmatrix.com>,
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Subject: RE: [Asrg] draft-irtf-asrg-bcp-blacklists-00
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Yakov writes:
> There is another BCP that has a similar problem - RFC 2148/BCP 15 -
> "Deployment of the Internet White Pages Service". In particular is
> starts off with the following:

Deployment of what?

Given that Internet White Pages Service does not exist the publication
of a BCP on running it would appear spurious. At the very least the 
contents of the BCP would appear to be as likely to be an example
of what to avoid rather than copy.

> "1. An organization SHOULD publish public E-mail addresses and
>   other public address information about Internet users 
> within their site."

> "2. Most countries have laws concerning publication of 
> information about
> persons. Above and beyond these, the organization SHOULD follow the
> recommendations of [1]."

Given that this is an anti-spam group I suspect that very few people
here are going to argue that (1) constitutes a desirable, let alone
a 'best' practice.

This is another BCP that really should never have seen the light of 
day. Given that the project proposed is a global X.500 directory
it will clearly never see the light in the future either. 


> Section 6 expands on this in detail, with snippets like:
> 
> "Every maintainer of IWPS information should publish data according to
> the national law of the country in which the local database 
> which holds the information resides."

OK are we going to see a statement in the blacklist BCP stating that
blacklists should observe all relevant national laws?

Are we as a minimum going to see a comment to the effect that
'collateral damage' against any third party may constitute tortious
interference with contract?

 
> THEREFORE, to resolve this issue in regards to this 
> particular document,
> it might be sufficient to include a similar section 
> discussing the legal
> issues and make it clear that the local laws of whatever country the
> blacklist list operator is in, override the recommendations 
> and that the BCP is not meant to go against any existing law.

Well it would be a start, but in that case what will the BCP achieve?
It won't change the behavior of the blacklists, it certainly will not 
affect the behavior of the spammers, it certainly will not provide any
safe harbor in a legal dispute. So as Barry keeps saying, what is the
point of the draft? What good is it attempting to achieve?

The only point I can see in a BCP for blacklists is if it is going
to reduce the problems being caused by blacklists. The consensus here
seems to be that blacklists never create any problems. If so there
seems to be no need for a BCP.



 

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From: "Hallam-Baker, Phillip" <pbaker@verisign.com>
To: "'Seth Breidbart'" <sethb@panix.com>, asrg@ietf.org
Subject: RE: [Asrg] draft-irtf-asrg-bcp-blacklists-00
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> > That is actually a criminal violation of the credit acts. Some banks
> > round here have paid very very large fines for that type of 
> behavior.
> 
> I trust you've never priced automobile insurance.
> 
> There was recently a thread on misc.legal.moderated about someone
> wanting to live in Brooklyn but buy insurance claiming Nassau.  Nobody
> suggested that the rate differential was illegal.

The regulations that govern insurance are very different to those
that govern credit. In particular mortgage lending and availability of
credit have been routinely denied on the basis of race for years,
when using race became illegal location was used as a proxy.

In the case of insurance the issue was typically price. Insurance 
companies have not had a history of denying coverage on the basis 
of geography. But mortgage lenders have. since we are talking about
a blocklist rather than something that purports to be an accurate
estimate of probability the credit report analogy is the appropriate
one.


> > Sure it happens, but when it does a person listed can apply to the 
> > courts for damages.
> 
> And get laughed out of them, too.

The cases in this area were won by the plaintifs. Redlining districts
is not legal in this state.


> > Once I had an issue with my mobile provider.
> 
> That doesn't sound like an insurance company or a credit agency.

Mobile service is covered as trade credit.

> > There are curently lawsuits in progress about the use of location
> > data as any form of input to a scoring scheme. 
> 
> "Redlining" is illegal; however, other uses aren't.
> 
> There are "lawsuits in progress" about lots of things.

In this case the outcome of the lawsuits is uncertain, but that only
reinforces my point that you cannot use an analogy to the credit 
report industry to justify 'collateral damage'.

		Phill

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On Wed, 5 May 2004, Hallam-Baker, Phillip wrote:

> > This is a really tough issue. There's really only one DNSBL that I 
> > support in terms of its collateral damage policy and that is the SBL. 
> > They will escalate a listing from the IP addresses sending 
> > spam to the 
> > corporate mail servers of the ISP in question if they are 
> > unable to get 
> > action from that ISP in removing the spammer. They do not do this 
> > lightly - only after making numerous attempts to contact the ISP both 
> > via email and telephone calls. Note the fact that the 
> > escalation is not 
> > to the entire ISP - just to the corporate mail servers of the ISP.
> 
> This is action against the ISP and not a third party. I would have no 
> objection to that type of activity, it does not raise the issues of 
> contract interference.
> 
> There could still be an issue of course if the reason for the listing
> was simply malicious but that would be no different from listing the
> spammer.

And would be a violation of the BCP. Good, that's progress.

> > We did not wish to prevent anonymity in the BCP because it provides 
> > useful protection to the people who run these services. This 
> > has become 
> > necessary not because what they are doing is illegal, but because the 
> > cost of even a failed lawsuit in the US is too much for the 
> > creators of the blocklists to bear.
> 
> I don't believe in anonymous reputation services.
> 
> If blacklists are going to demand accountability they must accept
> accountability - from all parties they affect, not just the ones they
> choose.
> 
> I believe in the democratic rule of law, no exceptions. If the legal
> system is broken then it has to be fixed. There are plenty of blacklists
> that operate in the open. Spamhaus operates in a legal regime wrt libel
> that is far more hostile than the US.
> 
> I do not believe that it should be legal for a public service ISP to
> use any anonymous blacklist service to filter customer's mail.

Spamhaus is a good example here. I'm glad you used it. Steve Linford is
currently suffering massive financial loss because of the fact that
spamhaus are a public resource. We stand to lose spamhaus because of this.  
I do not think that will happen because they will start charging for zone
transfers of the SBL. Something they've talked about doing for a while.
This will cover the costs of being DoS'd out of existance and hopefully
enough to pay a small pitance to the hard working spamhaus helpers (who
currently work for free).

This will not work for all blacklists. Not even all good blacklists.

If the spammers were all nice people I would agree with you whole 
heartedly that all blacklists should be accountable. You should hear some 
of the things that Steve has been sent in the post from these nice 
friendly spammers. I truly believe that his situation would have been made 
impossible had he been living in the US (i.e. where the spammers are). I 
would hate to see the same thing happening to the guy who created the CBL.

> > Do I wish that these blocklists could all be public facing and not 
> > anonymous? Absolutely! But the reality of your litigious society has 
> > ensured that this is becoming more and more difficult.
> 
> When we started VeriSign nobody else dared to run a public service
> CA because they feared the liability issues. Today the liability
> issue is considered irrelevant by many CAs and CA customers (heh,
> they got a surprise comming). The reason is that VeriSign did such
> a good job of anticipating the legal issues and pre-empting them.

VeriSign has a lot of money to protect itself. It's certainly not managed 
to keep itself clear of litigation, but can afford to deal with the issue 
when it arises.

> The blacklist I am currently looking to establish will probably not
> block any spam at all, it will block less than 1% of the web sites 
> mentioned in spam, hopefully though it will block 80%+ of a certain
> type of fraud.
> 
> I want the blacklist to be used near universally, therefore I want 
> to make it practically impossible for a false positive to occur -
> even though people will clearly attempt to engineer them.

That is good. I'm sure it will comply with the concepts raised in this 
BCP.

Matt.


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On 05/05/04 11:50 -0700, Hallam-Baker, Phillip wrote:
> > I get the feeling you're happy with certain blacklists.
> 
> I believe it is possible to run a blacklist for certain very narrow
> purposes in a legal, useful and acceptable fashion. I do not think
> it is remotely possible to stop spam through blacklists.
Let us say I block mail from certain network blocks, depending ov
criteria of my choosing.
This step is definitely not illegal.

I choose to share this information with the world via a DNS based
mechanism.
Not illegal.

The administrator of some third server shares my views and trusts me not
to cause too many false positives for him and hence hooks into my DNSBL.
Not illegal.

Useful and acceptable are issues to be decided by the administrator of
the recipients server and any contracts he may have with his customers.

In any case, I do not see the blacklists as being provably illegal.
<snip>
> 
> > Anonymity
> > ---------
> > 
> > We did not wish to prevent anonymity in the BCP because it provides 
> > useful protection to the people who run these services. This 
> > has become 
> > necessary not because what they are doing is illegal, but because the 
> > cost of even a failed lawsuit in the US is too much for the 
> > creators of the blocklists to bear.
> 
> I don't believe in anonymous reputation services.
It is not a question of what *you* wish to believe in. Just to clarify a
point, I would trust the anonymous maintainer(s) of SPEWS before I trust
Verisign (ref: the false certificates issued to people claiming to be 
Microsoft). As yet, SPEWS has not given me justification to withdraw my
trust. Verisign has.

> If blacklists are going to demand accountability they must accept
> accountability - from all parties they affect, not just the ones they
> choose.
Given that the service is optional and free, I doubt that accountability
to anyone else is even a question.

> I believe in the democratic rule of law, no exceptions. If the legal
> system is broken then it has to be fixed. There are plenty of blacklists
> that operate in the open. Spamhaus operates in a legal regime wrt libel
> that is far more hostile than the US.
> 
> I do not believe that it should be legal for a public service ISP to
> use any anonymous blacklist service to filter customer's mail.
Is there a contract guarantee that email will be delivered? If not, then
the question is simply whether the ISP is allowed to restrict certain
types of traffic. As of today, the network is the ISPs private network
and they choose what traffic flows on it (IIRC, this is supported by US
case law. I am not a lawyer, nor in the US, so please confirm with your
legal department). It would be easy enough for any ISP to simply put in
large blocks on their routers rather than querying DNSBLs, and that is
legal.
<snip>
> The blacklist I am currently looking to establish will probably not
> block any spam at all, it will block less than 1% of the web sites 
> mentioned in spam, hopefully though it will block 80%+ of a certain
> type of fraud.
Heres a hint: We use DNSBLs to stop spam. The content of the spam is
irrelevant. Unsolicited Bulk Email can involve fraud, political
messages, religious matters, charity issues, medical stuff, mortgages,
whatever. The content is irrelevant. The issue is one of consent.

> 
> I want the blacklist to be used near universally, therefore I want 
> to make it practically impossible for a false positive to occur -
> even though people will clearly attempt to engineer them.
I would not want a false negative in a DNSBL I use.

Devdas Bhagat

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Subject: RE: [Asrg] draft-irtf-asrg-bcp-blacklists-00
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On Wed, 5 May 2004, Hallam-Baker, Phillip wrote:

> The only point I can see in a BCP for blacklists is if it is going
> to reduce the problems being caused by blacklists. The consensus here
> seems to be that blacklists never create any problems.

I fail to see how you reached that conclusion. The BCP came about *purely*
because the authors saw problems in certain practices of certain DNSBLs.

Matt.


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From: "Hallam-Baker, Phillip" <pbaker@verisign.com>
To: "'Devdas Bhagat'" <devdas@dvb.homelinux.org>, ASRG list <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] RE: 2a. Blacklists, collateral damage and anonymity
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> Let us say I block mail from certain network blocks, depending ov
> criteria of my choosing.
> This step is definitely not illegal.
> 
> I choose to share this information with the world via a DNS based
> mechanism. Not illegal.

If you do so for the purpose of interferring with a contract or
legitimate commerce you just crossed the line here.

The fact you publish means that you expect the information to 
be read and acted on.

> It is not a question of what *you* wish to believe in. Just 
> to clarify a
> point, I would trust the anonymous maintainer(s) of SPEWS 
> before I trust
> Verisign (ref: the false certificates issued to people claiming to be 
> Microsoft). As yet, SPEWS has not given me justification to 
> withdraw my
> trust. Verisign has.

Lets see, that was one incident out of about 400,000 certs issued each year.

The error was picked up by VeriSign and the certificate was immediately
revoked. It was VeriSign who reported the issue to Microsoft. The cert
expired several years ago and has not actually been used as far as anyone is
aware.

You can't stop people from making mistakes. You can develop processes that
detect them and correct them. In the case of the CA center procedures a
check that was believed to have been interlocked was not. That coding error
has since been corrected. But even if the error had not been corrected the
error rate of the CA center would be better than five nines which is
exceptional for a process that is human operated.


I don't think you can seriously claim that your comparison to SPEWS is
anything other than partisan.

> 
> > If blacklists are going to demand accountability they must accept
> > accountability - from all parties they affect, not just the 
> ones they
> > choose.
> Given that the service is optional and free, I doubt that 
> accountability to anyone else is even a question.

If you affect someone the courts may decide to hold you accountable
to them.

> > I do not believe that it should be legal for a public service ISP to
> > use any anonymous blacklist service to filter customer's mail.

> Is there a contract guarantee that email will be delivered? 

There is an expctation. I suspect that it is currently legal to use
an anonymous blacklist, but I don't think it should be legal for anyone
other than the mailbox owner to do so. 

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From: "Dr. Jeffrey Race" <jrace@attglobal.net>
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On Wed, 5 May 2004 11:21:05 -0700, Hallam-Baker, Phillip wrote:
>. Location is subject
>to anti-discrimination statutes which are in general rather weaker
>than the tort of contract interference.

Could you please clarify how you understand a blacklist operator to be
involved here if he is not party to the contract?    I have heard this
alleged from time to time but never seen the logic spelt out

Jeffrey Race



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Subject: Re: [Asrg] RE: 2a. Blacklists, collateral damage and anonymity
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"Hallam-Baker, Phillip" <pbaker@verisign.com> wrote:

>> I choose to share this information with the world via a DNS based
>> mechanism. Not illegal.
>
> If you do so for the purpose of interferring with a contract or
> legitimate commerce you just crossed the line here.

It can't possibly be my _purpose_ to interfere with a contract I don't
even know exists.

Nor would I be attempting to "interfere with legitimate commerce" (who
gets to define "legitimate" anyway?)  Only the mx-server owner has the
ability to choose whether to accept or reject email.

> The fact you publish means that you expect the information to 
> be read and acted on.

Even I don't think there's anybody actually stupid enough to act on my
(still hypothetical) noprimes blacklist.  I intend to publish it just
because I feel like publishing it, to prove the point that I can
publish it.

> Lets see, that was one incident out of about 400,000 certs issued
> each year.

How many domains have been hijacked because your company screwed up?

What happened to the domain after the screwup was revealed?

It was Verisign who paid lots of lawyers to beat up small companies
with a contract that says "We're not responsible if we screw up."

> If you affect someone the courts may decide to hold you accountable
> to them.

What puts Verisign above the law, then?

>> Is there a contract guarantee that email will be delivered? 
>
> There is an expctation.

When somebody bought running.com, he had an _expectation_ that it
would be registered to him.  Verisign screwed up.  How much did it pay
to compensate him for violating his expectation?

> I suspect that it is currently legal to use an anonymous blacklist,
> but I don't think it should be legal for anyone other than the
> mailbox owner to do so.

Then you should move to a country that doesn't have the US
Constitution's freedom to contract.

Seth

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From: "Dr. Jeffrey Race" <jrace@attglobal.net>
To: "Hallam-Baker, Phillip" <pbaker@verisign.com>
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] RE: 2a. Blacklists, collateral damage and anonymity
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On Wed, 5 May 2004 11:50:17 -0700, Hallam-Baker, Phillip wrote:
> I do not think it is remotely possible to stop spam through blacklists.

If blacklists identify the spam-enabling networks, then spam is stopped for
those who take up the blacklists.   As always, the issue is one of uptake.
An orderly procedure for the operation and use of blacklists might therefore
be a Good Thing.

However history proves that when a pollution enabler is faced with a
definitive connectivity shutdown, the pollution stops in a matter of days
or even hours, despite all previous claims that it was impossible to stop
customers doing this or that etc etc.   For some enablers, only a 
mallet works.

The plain fact is that if blacklists were accurate and agreed to be 
widely adopted at a time certain, well announced in advance,
the spam would stop on that date, because any refractory polluter
would face instant bankruptcy  after said time.   The whole point is that
the  emergent structure (sociology term of art, my apologies but I
want to be precise so you can understand this is an engineering
problem just like integrated circuits) only emerges from the 
mutual expectations of compliance.  Many/most have to jump
at once.

Jeffrey Race



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On 05/05/04 13:24 -0700, Hallam-Baker, Phillip wrote:
> > Let us say I block mail from certain network blocks, depending ov
> > criteria of my choosing.
> > This step is definitely not illegal.
> > 
> > I choose to share this information with the world via a DNS based
> > mechanism. Not illegal.
> 
> If you do so for the purpose of interferring with a contract or
> legitimate commerce you just crossed the line here.
Uh? How different is it if I publish a list of IP addresses from which I
do not accept email?
I run more than one server, using DNS is a convinient way for me to
ensure that all these see the same readonly data.

> The fact you publish means that you expect the information to 
> be read and acted on.
Read, possibly. Acted on, not in my expectations. I only claim the right
to speech. I do not claim the right to make anyone else hear my speech,
or to act on it.

<snip>
> I don't think you can seriously claim that your comparison to SPEWS is
> anything other than partisan.
Not really. I do not trust Verisign. I trust SPEWS *until* such time as
they betray my trust.
 
> > 
> > > If blacklists are going to demand accountability they must accept
> > > accountability - from all parties they affect, not just the 
> > ones they
> > > choose.
> > Given that the service is optional and free, I doubt that 
> > accountability to anyone else is even a question.
> 
> If you affect someone the courts may decide to hold you accountable
> to them.
Is a DNSBL affecting anyone? Not in any way that I see it.

> > > I do not believe that it should be legal for a public service ISP to
> > > use any anonymous blacklist service to filter customer's mail.
> 
> > Is there a contract guarantee that email will be delivered? 
> 
> There is an expctation. I suspect that it is currently legal to use
> an anonymous blacklist, but I don't think it should be legal for anyone
> other than the mailbox owner to do so. 
Actually, unless specified otherwise, I would say it is for the MX onwer
to do so.

Devdas Bhagat

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From: "Hallam-Baker, Phillip" <pbaker@verisign.com>
To: "'Dr. Jeffrey Race'" <jrace@attglobal.net>, asrg@ietf.org
Subject: RE: [Asrg] draft-irtf-asrg-bcp-blacklists-00
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> On Wed, 5 May 2004 11:21:05 -0700, Hallam-Baker, Phillip wrote:
> >. Location is subject
> >to anti-discrimination statutes which are in general rather weaker
> >than the tort of contract interference.
> 
> Could you please clarify how you understand a blacklist operator to be
> involved here if he is not party to the contract?    I have heard this
> alleged from time to time but never seen the logic spelt out

Alice signs a contract with Bob in which Bob agrees to paint Alice's
house for $100.

Mallet tells Bob that if he paints Alice's house that he will refuse
to do business with her (or any other threat for that matter).

If Bob does so Alice can sue Bob for failure to complete the contract.
She can also sue Mallet for inducing the breach of contract as if 
Mallet was the defaulter.

To give the full law article treatment:

http://www.lectlaw.com/def/i084.htm

INTENTIONAL INTERFERENCE TORTS WITH PROSPECTIVE ECONOMIC ADVANTAGE

Nature of the Tort of Intentional Interference with Prospective Economic
Advantage

The elements of that tort of are: '(1) an economic relationship between [the
plaintiff and some third person] containing the probability of future
economic benefit to the [plaintiff], (2) knowledge by the defendant of the
existence of the relationship, (3) intentional acts on the part of the
defendant designed to disrupt the relationship, (4) actual disruption of the
relationship, [and] (5) damages to the plaintiff proximately caused by the
acts of the defendant.' (Buckaloo v. Johnson (1975) 14 Cal.3d 815, 827.)

NOTE: The Restatement of Torts explained it this way, 'The essential thing
is the purpose to cause the result. If the actor does not have this purpose,
his conduct does not subject him to liability under this rule even if it has
the unintended effect of deterring the third person from dealing with the
other.' 


The important thing is the intent. The ultimate goal may be to reduce spam,
but that does not mean that the steps taken to achieve that goal are
unintentional. The very clear purpose of 'collateral damage' is to disrupt
that relationship.










		Phill

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Subject: RE: [Asrg] draft-irtf-asrg-bcp-blacklists-00
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At 7:16 AM -0700 5/5/04, Hallam-Baker, Phillip wrote:
>  Most ISPs do not want to be hosting zombies on their net
>and they will kill them the moment they find out about them. That
>is if the comunication reaches the right part of the company.

That may be true in a trivial sense (because there are more small 
ISP's than big ones) but it is not true that the ISP's hosting the 
largest numbers of zombies act that way. I know for a fact that at 
least one of the largest broadband providers in the US does NOT do so 
as a matter of intentional considered policy because they do not have 
the support resources to handle all the calls they would get if they 
cut off zombies as fast as they can identify them. This seems a very 
likely business condition for most of the similarly situated ILEC and 
cable providers who act as if they have an obligation to service 
customers no matter what, much as they may be legally required to do 
in their older lines of business. Whether that tendency is really a 
legal issue (as some ISP abuse staff of dubious legal credentials 
have implied to me) or is a matter of not wishing to trigger a legal 
test or is simply an issue of corporate culture, I cannot say.



-- 
Bill Cole
bill@scconsult.com


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At 1:35 PM -0700 5/4/04, Hallam-Baker, Phillip wrote:
[...]
>The point about 'collateral damage' is not that it serves any
>strategic purpose, it does not, all it does is to feed the egos
>of the people who engage in it. It fails in the spam context
>for the same reason that it failled in the military context.
>Collateral damage forces parties who are natural allies to treat
>you as the enemy.

Unfortunately, there is some evidence to the contrary. Lurk in 
news.admin.net-abuse.blocklisting for a bit and note the Verio and 
ev1.net behavior (among others). It seems that some providers have 
decided that the collateral damage (a bad term actually, as the 
original refers to *unintentional* destruction) is more than they 
will tolerate, and so they react as soon as there is any.

>There is a utility in certain very narrowly tailored blacklists.
>But they should never attempt to list any address for any other
>reason than it is a source of spam.

Speaking from the point of view of actually working with some 
heavily-spammed mail systems, I think that is wrong unless you 
include  a very loose definition of 'is a source of spam' that 
encompasses 'is a member of a logical set of addresses far more 
likely to sources of spam than to ever offer a single piece of 
legitimate mail to unacquainted networks.'  Generally speaking, I'm 
thinking of the lists that have evolved from the original concept of 
a dialup list, still generally referred to as 'dynamic address' lists 
but that's a misleading name. The real unifying element is not 
whether addresses move from user to user in those ranges, but that 
the providers (RoadRunner, SBC, Cox, Telefonica, Wanadoo, UPC, 
Comcast etc) are selling service at such a low price that they 
attract customers incapable of securing their own machines while the 
providers cannot afford to enforce security of any meaningful sort on 
their own networks. In short: networks where there is no competent 
authority. In some cases (e.g. the many ranges of SBC DSL space that 
they they SWIP with 'PPPoX Pool' in the CustName field) it is rather 
easy to identify likely sources of spam and other sorts of bad 
behavior, and blacklisting such blocks before each individual address 
has been abused is a very useful tactic with negative side effects 
that most sites will never encounter.

Another example: AOL is rather open about the fact that they try to 
prevent direct SMTP connections to the outside from their customer IP 
space. At times that has been accomplished imperfectly. A blacklist 
with all of that space would mostly have addresses that have never 
sent any spam at all directly to the world at large, and would be 
100% made up of addresses whose legitimate authority says they should 
never be offering anyone mail of any sort.


-- 
Bill Cole
bill@scconsult.com


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At 8:41 AM -0700 5/5/04, Hallam-Baker, Phillip wrote:

[...]
>The cases against MAPS clearly show that the courts did not accept this
>argument.

The cases against MAPS say essentially nothing about what any court 
accepted except at the vaguest sort of level. No court decided 
anything beyond pre-trial matters in any of the suits against MAPS. 
All those cases proved is that it is a bad idea to beg to be sued by 
companies that might do so with no intention of ever going to trial.

>Publishing information with the intention that it be used to
>block mail can constitute a tort.

Do you have any useful legal citation for that? Such as an actual 
instance of a court ruling so, rather than just ruling (e.g. in a 
preliminary stage) that it's not a facially absurd argument?

-- 
Bill Cole
bill@scconsult.com


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A few quick points:

1. Although both sides are right regarding "collateral damage" the
underlying problem right now is that the law (I'll talk about the US
tho I suspect these comments are so vague as to apply more broadly)
provides virtually no protection or even any effective process for
dealing with spam.

So some of the comments might be better pre-fixed with phrasing like
"in a civilized circumstance..." (we would do this, or we would do
that.)

Unfortunately the current circumstances aren't civilized and when you
get your 12 billionth spam from some 218.*.0.0 net and can't really
find anything non-spam coming from that /16 you just block it all
rather than having to accept one or more spams from each of its
apparent 16,000+ zombies before blocking them all in one fell swoop.

2. With all due respect (not much) I think this repeated argument that
BL's can't ("shouldn't" of course is in the realm of opium dens and
children's stories) be held liable is just nutso.

Repeating over and over and over that the only possible liable party
is the person/org using the blacklist is just happy horse****.

Imagine if I put up a web site with a list with your name and picture
on it under the heading "Known Pedophiles".

Why do you think we have slander, libel, incitement to riot, etc laws?
What about shouting fire in a crowded movie theater (that's not on
fire)?

C'mon, inducement, presenting yourself as some sort of authority on a
subject (who the spammers are) and giving out advice about others
(blacklists), can all have liability exposures so let's stop repeating
this embarrassingly naive idiocy as if repetition will make it
otherwise.

3. In a similar sense, I know because I was once involved in a case
revolving around this, that there is such a thing as an illegal
business boycott.

You can personally boycott any business you want, of course, who would
know. But when businesses boycott other business in a provably
organized way then anti-trust laws can come to bear. For example, I
(as an ISP) can't urge my supermarket to refuse to sell food to a
known spammer in the hope that he'll starve to death, that kind of
thing, it's illegal.

4. All that said I think it's all kinda hopeless when technical people
begin discussing the law, it quickly goes off into la-la-land; unlike
their code or math or things they know something about they don't even
know how to tell a good answer from a bad one and just begin shouting
louder hoping that'll save the day.

5. But you can rely on the fact that I'm always right.

-- 
        -Barry Shein

Software Tool & Die    | bzs@TheWorld.com           | http://www.TheWorld.com
Purveyors to the Trade | Voice: 617-739-0202        | Login: 617-739-WRLD
The World              | Public Access Internet     | Since 1989     *oo*

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Barry Shein wrote:

> Imagine if I put up a web site with a list with your name and picture
> on it under the heading "Known Pedophiles".

Been there, done that, have the T-shirt.

 > libel defamation etc. etc. etc.

Yet... yet... the news media and the police do it all the time.

Obviously there's a way do to this.

Nothing can bullet proof anybody, particularly in the US legal climate.

But being transparent and honest about listing criteria can do a lot to 
shift most of the onus on the list _user_ who has made a conscious 
choice to use it and accept responsibility for it.

After all, if Seth published a "random number BL", announced it exactly 
as such with big red "you're an idiot to use this" banner all over the 
web pages, just how successful do you think someone [sh|w]ould be suing him?



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From: John Levine <asrg@johnlevine.com>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] News: Postini patents the relay server?
In-Reply-To: <38363D9940D92A458010AAE24D162EB9021EDF0B@bremocog-55>
Organization: I.E.C.C., Trumansburg NY USA
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Postini's patent is on the specific technique of preprocessing
someone's mail by setting up the MX to point to an offsite
preprocessing server that redelivers the laundered mail to the actual
server.  It's not a patent on general mail relay.

I've seen pretty persuasive evidence that people other than Postini
did this before Postini and published the fact that they were doing
so.  If someone wanted to spend the money to bust this patent, they
could, but patent litigation is expensive.

Has Postini said what they plan to do with the patent?  Is it
defensive, to keep anyone else from patenting the same thing, or do
they plan to go after their competitors?

Regards,
John Levine, johnl@taugh.com, Taughannock Networks, Trumansburg NY
http://www.taugh.com

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Subject: Re: [Asrg] draft-irtf-asrg-bcp-blacklists-00
In-Reply-To: <p06100503bcbe0b4ec794@[192.168.254.12]>
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>Set 1:
>
>dnsbl		604800	IN	NS	.
>
>Set 2:
>
>dnsbl		604800	IN	NS	deadend
>deadend		604800	IN	A	.
>
>Set 3:
>
>dnsbl		604800	IN	NS	deadend
>deadend		604800	IN	A	127.255.255.255

The value in an A record is a 32 bit IPv4 address, so Set 2 doesn't
work.  Sets 1 and 3 are OK, though.

Regards,
John Levine, johnl@taugh.com, Taughannock Networks, Trumansburg NY
http://www.taugh.com

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From: "Hallam-Baker, Phillip" <pbaker@verisign.com>
To: "'Bill Cole'" <grsa@billmail.scconsult.com>, ASRG list <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] draft-irtf-asrg-bcp-blacklists-00
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> The cases against MAPS say essentially nothing about what any court 
> accepted except at the vaguest sort of level. No court decided 
> anything beyond pre-trial matters in any of the suits against MAPS. 
> All those cases proved is that it is a bad idea to beg to be sued by 
> companies that might do so with no intention of ever going to trial.

Pre-trial rullings are court decisions, they address issues like
'is there a set of facts which could allow a claim of this sort
to succeed'. As such they are not 'vague', they address the exact
issues being discussed here.

Pre-trial is where questions of law get decided. So saying 'no court 
decided anything except questions of law' does not help when you
are debating a question of law.


The collateral damage issue only gets raised in a handful of early cases.
then it just goes away. I think there is a reason that none of these
cases would come to court, they simply don't need to. 
 

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On Wed, 5 May 2004 18:49:02 -0700, Hallam-Baker, Phillip wrote:
>> alleged from time to time but never seen the logic spelt out
>
>Alice signs a contract with Bob i

Thank you.   I will study this and respond after some upcoming travel

Jeffrey Race



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From: "Dr. Jeffrey Race" <jrace@attglobal.net>
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On Wed, 5 May 2004 21:55:47 -0400, Bill Cole wrote:
>I know for a fact that at 
>least one of the largest broadband providers in the US does NOT do so 
>as a matter of intentional considered policy because they do not have 
>the support resources to handle all the calls they would get if they 
>cut off zombies as fast as they can identify them. 

You have precisely stated the Environmental Polluter Business Model: 
internalize the profits; externalize the costs.    These are the firms which
must be motivated to reform, or else driven out of business.

Jeffrey Race



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From: "Dr. Jeffrey Race" <jrace@attglobal.net>
To: "asrg@ietf.org" <asrg@ietf.org>
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On Wed, 5 May 2004 22:30:57 -0400, Barry Shein wrote:

>Imagine if I put up a web site with a list with your name and picture
>on it under the heading "Known Pedophiles".
>Why do you think we have slander, libel,

The result would depend on the truthfulness of the statement and the
jurisdiction's privacy laws.

> incitement to riot, etc laws?
>What about shouting fire in a crowded movie theater (that's not on
>fire)?

These issues relate to public safety and are irrelevant to the issue of
evidence-based statements about the behavior of those responsible
for certain IP addresses.



>
>C'mon, inducement, presenting yourself as some sort of authority on a
>subject (who the spammers are) and giving out advice about others
>(blacklists), can all have liability exposures so let's stop repeating
>this embarrassingly naive idiocy as if repetition will make it
>otherwise.


Let us not repeat any idiocies but let us also realize that legal systems,
after extensive levels of review, produce generally reasonable 
results.    A well-thought-out practice can enhance outcomes for
our industry.   Lack of same leaves it up to others to determine what
is acceptable.   Working together now can prevent others from making
decisions we ought to make.

Jeffrey Race



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From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@ox.org>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] draft-irtf-asrg-bcp-blacklists-00 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Thu, 06 May 2004 08:38:35 EDT."
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"Dr. Jeffrey Race" <jrace@attglobal.net> wrote:
> Let us not repeat any idiocies but let us also realize that legal systems,
> after extensive levels of review, produce generally reasonable 
> results.    A well-thought-out practice can enhance outcomes for
> our industry.

  My suggestion for a BCP would be to recommend that blacklists have a
CBL-style page for de-listing addresses.  But rather than de-listing
them entirely, the addresses can be moved to an associated "grey
list", which is published as "addresses under dispute".  If the
blacklist verification process passes the address, it can be removed
from the greylist.  Otherwise, it can be moved back to the blacklist.
We can call this process "provisional de-listing".

  The problem this method attacks is the liability of listing an
address in the blacklist while it's under dispute.  We also shouldn't
ignore the emotions people feel when their requests to be de-listed
are ignored (so they see), because the blacklist is following a
process they don't understand.  Lowering the strength of the emotions
involved in a dispute can have dampening effects on the potential for
litigation in any jurisdiction.

  Section 2.7 of the draft addresses this issue, without going into
the reasons why it's useful.


  Also, tabloids (National Enquirer, etc) have an interesting model
for dealing with legal issues.  They don't claim something, they quote
someone else claiming it.  This practice has demonstratably limited
their liability.

  For blacklists, the tying of IP address reporting with IP address
publication means that the blacklist maintainers are probably
significantly more liable than if the processes were
separate. (requisite IANAL).

  Alan DeKok.

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Comments: In reply to "Hallam-Baker, Phillip" <pbaker@verisign.com>
        "RE: [Asrg] draft-irtf-asrg-bcp-blacklists-00" (May  5,  6:49pm)
References: <C6DDA43B91BFDA49AA2F1E473732113E5DBC36@mou1wnexm05.vcorp.ad.vrsn.com>
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On May 5,  6:49pm, Hallam-Baker, Phillip wrote:
}
} Alice signs a contract with Bob in which Bob agrees to paint Alice's
} house for $100.

I'm curious:  Anyone know of case law in which the rest of Phillip's
example stands as is, but the contract Alice signs with Bob is to post
billboards on Jim's wall without Jim's permission?

That is, if the contract isn't legal to begin with, can Bob still be
sued for breach?

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From: "Hallam-Baker, Phillip" <pbaker@verisign.com>
To: "'Alan DeKok'" <aland@ox.org>, asrg@ietf.org
Subject: RE: [Asrg] draft-irtf-asrg-bcp-blacklists-00 
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>   Also, tabloids (National Enquirer, etc) have an interesting model
> for dealing with legal issues.  They don't claim something, they quote
> someone else claiming it.  This practice has demonstratably limited
> their liability.

Under English law repeating a libel is exactly the same as having 
originated it. The National Enquirer is very careful to publish
garbage about well known public figures who don't have any real 
protection under US law.

There are a lot of defenses that would be relevant to blacklists though.


>   For blacklists, the tying of IP address reporting with IP address
> publication means that the blacklist maintainers are probably
> significantly more liable than if the processes were
> separate. (requisite IANAL).

But that might open up the complainer to retribution.


I think that two reforms that would greatly improve blacklists would
be to require them to publish the date at which a complaint was
added and the date when the last update was made to the blacklist.

Blacklists that have not been updated for months or years are
often still in use. This has a major negative effect on IP address
allocation when new allocations turn out to be pre-blacklisted 
by idiots who never update their lists.


One of the ideas we have been discussing for the revised accreditation
proposal is dividing the A record up to give it some structure:

127.tag.valmsb.vallsb 
val = 256*valmsb + vallsb

This allows us 256 tags, each of which can be defined to have 65K
possible values. One of the possible value types is a date type.
If you don't require better resolution than days you can do 176 
years in 16 bits - not bad eh? If you allow the base for the
date calculation to be specified independently you can specify any
date.

Knowing the date of original listing and the date of last review of a 
listing is pretty useful when deciding whether to act.

		Phill

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From: "Hallam-Baker, Phillip" <pbaker@verisign.com>
To: "'Bart Schaefer'" <schaefer@brasslantern.com>, asrg@ietf.org
Subject: RE: [Asrg] draft-irtf-asrg-bcp-blacklists-00
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> On May 5,  6:49pm, Hallam-Baker, Phillip wrote:
> }
> } Alice signs a contract with Bob in which Bob agrees to paint Alice's
> } house for $100.
> 
> I'm curious:  Anyone know of case law in which the rest of Phillip's
> example stands as is, but the contract Alice signs with Bob is to post
> billboards on Jim's wall without Jim's permission?
> 
> That is, if the contract isn't legal to begin with, can Bob still be
> sued for breach?

You are attempting to turn 'collateral damage' to direct, ignoring the
fact that what is objectionable and I contend, actionable is the 
deliberate harm cased to third parties.


The correct analogy would be that Carol signs a contract with Bob 
to post billboards on Jim's wall.

The legality of Carol's contract with Bob might affect Carol's claim 
against Mallet but it does not affect Alice's claim against Mallet.

		Phill

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From: Jim Witte <jswitte@bloomington.in.us>
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>   My suggestion for a BCP would be to recommend that blacklists have a
> CBL-style page for de-listing addresses.  But rather than de-listing
> them entirely, the addresses can be moved to an associated "grey
> list", which is published as "addresses under dispute".  If the

   This idea is a tad bit complicated (perhaps too much so), and in my 
mind a little bit Draconian, but..  What about a graylist that would, 
after identifying a zombie host, graylist it, then contact the owner 
with instructions on installing the latest Windows patch?   Preferably 
this would happen automatically, so the user's email would pop up a box 
saying "You're computer has been identified as potentially sending 
zombie-spam.  Click here to install the latest Windows update" (or 
something like that)  ISP's could require installation of a background 
program that could handle this (using suitably encrypted/signatured 
communications so as not to be hijacked).

   This wouldn't work for Mac or Linux though (it could work for Mac, as 
there is a centralized source for updates - Apple), but probably not 
for Linux - although people running Linux boxen should know better..  
Anothiuer problem is for people with dial-up connections, downloading a 
bloated 15MB windows patch (I've never understood why a small security 
patch can't be a reasonable size of 600K - even some of MacOSX's are 
1.5MB).  And of course, it requires cooperation of ISPs and users.

   The big up-side that I see is that it forces (or at least coerces) 
people to *fix* their OS's.  In time, perhaps people (and/or their 
ISPs) will put more pressure on MS to either make a secure, transparent 
Software Update which *only* deals with security vulnerabilities (as 
opposed to the "latest and most bloated" improvement from Redmond), or 
to make security of their OS (more) of a priority - although that might 
be technically unfeasible unless MS stopped ALL development to go 
through all 10 million lines or whatever of Windows code, or rewrote 
parts of it from scratch (or switched to Darwin ;-)

Jim Witte
jswitte@bloomington.in.us
Indiana University CS
---
Sed quis custodiet ipsos custodes?


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Bart Schaefer wrote:

> On May 5,  6:49pm, Hallam-Baker, Phillip wrote:
> }
> } Alice signs a contract with Bob in which Bob agrees to paint Alice's
> } house for $100.
> 
> I'm curious:  Anyone know of case law in which the rest of Phillip's
> example stands as is, but the contract Alice signs with Bob is to post
> billboards on Jim's wall without Jim's permission?
> 
> That is, if the contract isn't legal to begin with, can Bob still be
> sued for breach?

No.

If the contract isn't legal (ie: calls for things that one of the 
parties cannot guarantee to produce), there is _no_ contract.  Full 
stop. Nobody's bound to it, let alone someone possibly getting hit with 
tortious interference of an illegal contract.

In the situation at hand, I can't contract with you to "guarantee 
delivery" to specific people.  Unless I have a contract with those 
people to accept delivery.  The best I can do is contract delivery to "N 
people".  I then have to start delivery attempts until I manage to 
achieve N people accepting delivery.  I can't sue those that refuse 
delivery nor their agents.  I can't sue someone for their refusal to let 
me trespass!  If I can't achieve N people, I'm in breach - I shouldn't 
have promised something I couldn't deliver, and I'm stuck with the 
penalty clauses.

The other aspect is the requirement of intent and knowledge.  Going back 
to PHB's original scenario, Mallet can't be held under "tortious 
interference" if there is no knowledge of such contract or intent to 
interfere with it.

Let's try a reasonably accurate analogy please:

FlyersRealBig distributes flyers.  Crotch marketing contracts with 
FlyersRealBig to distribute flyers about crotch supports "throughout the 
city". I live in a "gated community", and my condo fees include a fee 
with CondosRUs to patrol the perimeter and prevent scruffians coming 
through the gate.  Especially flyer carrying scruffies. CondosRUs 
engages the services of FlyerCop to use satellite lasering systems to 
pinpoint FlyersRealBig scruffies so that CondosRUs security staff can 
turn them away.

Is FlyerCop "tortiously interfering"?  I think not.  CondosRUs?  Nope.

Contracts cannot impose conditions on people who aren't a party to the 
contract.  The recipient of the flyer, the security guards and the 
services they use (the FlyerCops) are not parties to the contract, and 
cannot be forced to accept delivery.

All FlyersRealBig can legitimately offer as a service is "best efforts 
to deliver", _unless_ they have a contract with the recipient.

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Comments: In reply to "Hallam-Baker, Phillip" <pbaker@verisign.com>
        "RE: [Asrg] draft-irtf-asrg-bcp-blacklists-00" (May  6,  9:40am)
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On May 6,  9:40am, Hallam-Baker, Phillip wrote:
}
} > On May 5,  6:49pm, Hallam-Baker, Phillip wrote:
} > }
} > } Alice signs a contract with Bob in which Bob agrees to paint Alice's
} > } house for $100.
} > 
} > I'm curious:  Anyone know of case law in which the rest of Phillip's
} > example stands as is, but the contract Alice signs with Bob is to post
} > billboards on Jim's wall without Jim's permission?
} > 
} > That is, if the contract isn't legal to begin with, can Bob still be
} > sued for breach?
} 
} You are attempting to turn 'collateral damage' to direct

No, I'm attempting to get an answer to a question.

} ignoring the fact that what is objectionable and I contend, actionable
} is the deliberate harm cased to third parties.
} 
} The correct analogy would be that Carol signs a contract with Bob 
} to post billboards on Jim's wall.

Should I interpret this to mean that you postulate two contracts with
Bob, and that the reason Mallet is threatening not to do business with
Alice is because he knows about the contract with Carol?

So a blacklist is like somebody publishing the details of Bob's contract
with Carol, in order to induce Mallet to refuse to do business wth Alice?

Let's change the analogy slightly so Mallet is threatening to organize a 
boycott of Alice because of Bob, rather than simply threating not to do
business with Alice.  That makes Mallet the blacklist operator, rather
than merely a participant in the boycott.

To escape from the world of analogies, let's say that Bob is an ISP with
whom both Alice and Carol have service contracts.  Harvey is a user of
Mallet's blacklist, and Harvey has no contract with Bob (he uses another
ISP).  What terms of Alice's contract with Bob state that Harvey must
accept Alice's mail?  Regardless of Carol and Jim, how can Bob legally
claim that he can require Harvey to accept mail from Alice?

And if Bob cannot legally claim that, so such a contract is not valid,
then can Mallet still be guilty of interfering with it?  (Note, NOT "can
Mallet still be sued for interfering".)
 
} The legality of Carol's contract with Bob might affect Carol's claim 
} against Mallet but it does not affect Alice's claim against Mallet.

Agreed, but what I'm interested in is still the terms of Alice's contract.

Incidentally, I'm not a fan of "collateral damage" either.  I'm just
trying to understand the niceties of your analogy.

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Subject: Re: 02.2 Re: [Asrg] draft-irtf-asrg-bcp-blacklists-00  [_________]
References: <Pine.SOL.4.58.0404301220030.17469@yellow.csi.cam.ac.uk> <200404301430.i3UEUVu24576@panix5.panix.com> <49E0F0F9-9AC2-11D8-BEA4-000A95AC67AA@messagelabs.com> <409464E8.40705@americasm01.nt.com> <p06100509bcba1b307309@[192.168.254.12]> <4096C5DD.6030604@elvey.com> <4097C49A.70109@americasm01.nt.com> <409840E3.2020504@elvey.com> <40992FC9.4080509@americasm01.nt.com>
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On 5/5/04 11:17 AM, Chris Lewis sent forth electrons to convey:

> Matthew Elvey wrote:
>
>> On 5/4/04 9:28 AM, Chris Lewis sent forth electrons to convey:
>
>
>>> I can think of a couple.  Here's one: a blacklist entry that was 
>>> created solely on the existance of an open proxy, yet delisting 
>>> required that the system owner provided rDNS and postmaster 
>>> accessibility IN ADDITION to fixing the proxy.  Desirable yes, but, 
>>> this goes beyond the BLs stated purpose, and unnecessarily conflates 
>>> anti-spam with non-spam issues.  rDNS/postmaster were irrelevant to 
>>> the original listing, they should remain irrelevant to a subsequent 
>>> delisting. 
>>
>
>> That's not a valid example.  If these additional requirements were 
>> not in the BL's stated delisting, then this issue was covered in
>
>
>> 2.1. "Truth in Advertising".
>
>
> You _could_ do it that way.  But this runs into a number of problems. 
> One of which being a crack to stick the wedge of impropriety in. 
> Believe me, it's best for the blacklist _owner_ to do whatever they 
> can that has the slightest whiff of ulterior motives.  Ie: "pay me to 
> get out of the list".  Which is either extortion or protection rackets 
> or both.
>
> I strongly believe that any blacklist owner who does think through all 
> of the ramifications of "extra delisting requirements" will realize 
> it's in their best interests to avoid them.  In a legal sense.  
> Objectivity and pinpoint accuracy is always to be preferred if there's 
> no compelling reason to do otherwise (ie: SPEWS being inherently and 
> deliberately subjective).  Subjective isn't _wrong_, just 
> unnecessary-to-the-goal subjectivity is dangerous - to the blacklist 
> admin's legal liability - even if only a frivolous claim.
>
> When I was Usenet despamming (for about 6 years), there were many 
> opportunities to do things like this.  Some perfectly reasonable, some 
> not.  And I've watched other de/anti spammers go through some of the 
> same temptations and the flamewars and worse that resulted.  It's 
> simply never preferable to do anything that is even remotely close to 
> imposing something on the listee that benefits _you_, or isn't 
> directly related to the listing.  That ONLY provides leverage for 
> legal action, justified or not.

Simply being on a list someone runs seems to provide all the leverage 
for legal action any spammer has needed to sue.   Having 2.2 seems like 
barricading one door of a room with 3 open doors. 

>
> That's 10 years hard labour in the trenches (with at times an average 
> of one lawsuit threat per _day_) speaking.

I'd really like to hear more about this (off-list).  Appreciate the 
above info!

>
> This recommendation serves to _lessen_ the BL owner's potential legal 
> problems, not the opposite.
>
>>>>   2.3. Listing/Delisting Criteria MUST Be Easily Available.
>>>
>
>> Vagueness here is undesirable.  Here's my specific text suggestion: 
>> 2.3 would benefit from the addition of sentences like:  The precise 
>> algorithms and data used for listing and delisting do not need to be 
>> disclosed.  Some criteria may be vaguely defined to slow down spammer 
>> adaptation.
>
>
> I think clarification of intent along that line would be a good idea.
>
>>>>   2.6. MUST Have a Direct Non-Public Way to Request Removal.
>>>
>> I can't think of any benefit that 2.6 would provide.  I claim that 
>> any question re. SPEWS is likely going to be answered faster and 
>> better via a nanae/nanabl posting.
>
>
> For the most part you're perfectly right.  NANAE or NANABL will 
> usually come up with a good explanation (albeit buried deep amongst 
> the insults and entirely wrong answers).
>
> In theory, and much of the time in practise, it works acceptably well.
>
> _If_ it's asked, and _if_ one or more of the answerers manage to 
> figure out the answer and _if_ the questioner is able to seperate the 
> wheat from the chaff (nay, buckshot ;-), fine.
>
> But, these things fail a whole lot more than people appreciate.  I'm 
> on lists where things like this are discussed honestly.
>
> 1) listees (especially ISPs) sometimes have no idea whatsoever why 
> <some IPs> are listed.  Sometimes it's subtle (like a stale DNS 
> entry), or some connection that's not published in the SPEWS entry.  I 
> full well believe that SPEWS listings result from unanswered 
> complaints.  On the other hand, one can easily expect some of these 
> complaints going astray (for a whole host of reasons, including not 
> identifying the responsible
> party correctly in the first place).  Having a failsafe to get the right
> answer is desirable.
>
> I've seen plenty of ISPs saying "I have no idea why this is listed. 
> We've never got any complaints about this customer".  Or, worse, when 
> they can't figure out what customer the listing is a result of. Yeah, 
> sometimes they're lying.  But not always.
>
> 2) A whole host of *SPs and personnel simply refuse to have anything 
> to do with NANAE or NANABL.  I've done my bit to try to persuade them 
> otherwise, including in some cases "fronting" requests and guiding 
> them thru the minefield.  But it almost never happens.

If any of them do not have long listings at 
http://www.spamhaus.org/sbl/listings.lasso?isp=isp.tld then that's 
interesting, but I wonder if that's not the case.  In other words, are 
these ever folks to whom your 1) above applies?  I guess you're saying 
it is; more often than people appreciate, it does.
In any case, I'd rather not see their unreasonable fear to post in a 
public place legitimized by BCP accomodation.  (From what I've seen, 
competent (e.g. non-threatening, speficfy an IP and SPEWS #) nana* posts 
from listees not wearing black hats attract little 'buckshot'.)

>
> 3) I've seen NANAE/NANABL grasping at straws to find out the ultimate 
> reason for a listing, and never finding it.  Or not knowing if it has 
> been found.
>
> My goal in anti-spam is to block spam.  To prevent spam from being 
> sent in the first place.  To make it as easy as possible for ISPs to 
> clean up problems or, gasp, point out mistakes.  Even escalation has a 
> positive role to play.
>
> I have no problem with SPEWS' general "ask NANAE" here, as long as 
> there is a channel of last resort.
>
> CBL does something like this - you can delist yourself, and it happens 
> within a few hours.  They also have a removal limiter to refuse 
> delisting if the same IP is removed too often.  Then you're guided to 
> contact the CBL directly.
>
> I'm sure that the vast majority of CBL delistings occur without having 
> to go anywhere near the email address.  The ones that do can't be that 
> high volume, because I've not had problems dealing with them by email. 
> And if you do deal with them by email, you still don't find out who 
> they are.

Pretty nifty.  Still I don't see why e.g. that email address 
auto-forwarding to a public place (perhaps read-only) would be wrong.  
But I don't have the experience you have, so perhaps you can enlighten 
me with an example of info that needs to be conveyed non-publicly.  In 
other words, if the listee is going to make false statements, they'd be 
more comfortable doing so privately, but I can't think of a legit need 
for a Direct *Non-Public* Way to Request Removal.

>
>>>>   3. Special Rules for Blacklists Listing Insecure Machines.
>>>>
>>  From [SPEWS FAQ] A45:
>> Due to abuse by spammers, open email relays no longer have any place 
>> on the Internet. Some may want to debate this, we won't.
>> It was 3.1's "spam in hand" requirement that prompted my comment.   A 
>> BLs policy should state whether it will list w/o "spam in hand".
>
>
> Okay. 

:)

>
> Heh.  Matt has run a public BL.  Not for very long mind you, but 
> apparently a lot of people used it during that period.
>
Oops.

> As for the gut feeling w.r.t. me, well, I think that John Levine and a 
> few others (besides Matt) might be persuaded to tell you that your gut 
> feeling is wrong, without going into details ;-)

Ok, I believe you.

>
>> E.g. I think even the CBL and SBL are not compliant with a strict 
>> interpretation, hence some of the suggestions I've made.
>
>
> If the BCP can be twisted that far by a reasonable person, it needs to 
> be adjusted.  Thanks for your comments!
>
I think it's been a productive discussion!  Looking forward to -01.  
Thanks! 

> This BCP is _intended_ to be of benefit to both owners and users of 
> BLs. Transparency benefits BCP [you mean BL, I guess - elvey] owners 
> even more than users...  The only reason to lessen transparency is 
> where necessary to prevent spammer evolution.
>
> Maybe we have to amplify the introduction more along the above lines 
> to help ameliorate most of the legal concerns and make that intent 
> more obvious.

(I suggested some legal-issue wording for this in another post.)

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On May 5, 2004 at 23:38 clewis@nortelnetworks.com (Chris Lewis) wrote:
 >  > libel defamation etc. etc. etc.
 > 
 > Yet... yet... the news media and the police do it all the time.
 > 
 > Obviously there's a way do to this.

Well, for the news media it involves having a 1st amendment to the
United States Constitution which mentions your profession by name.

And a judiciary which has generally agreed that the need of the people
to get their news in a timely manner, even with some errors, overrides
damage done by honest or even mildly careless errors.

Of course news orgs have been sued anyhow and have sometimes even lost
because the item wasn't considered newsworthy or of a timely urgency
(e.g., gossip columns), or maliciousness or gross negligence of some
sort was claimed.

The police also have some amount of legal protection from reasonable
errors, but they (or their employers) get sued all the time and
sometimes even lose.

>Nothing can bullet proof anybody, particularly in the US legal climate.
>
>But being transparent and honest about listing criteria can do a lot to 
>shift most of the onus on the list _user_ who has made a conscious 
>choice to use it and accept responsibility for it.

I think that's a convenient fantasy.

At any rate, I'd certainly consult an atty before putting my own
assets at risk in such a venture. Giving others advice isn't always
defensible by "well they were dumb enough to listen to me!"

But, of course, if one is jugement-proof then it may not make much
difference.

-- 
        -Barry Shein

Software Tool & Die    | bzs@TheWorld.com           | http://www.TheWorld.com
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On May 6, 2004 at 08:38 jrace@attglobal.net (Dr. Jeffrey Race) wrote:
 > > incitement to riot, etc laws?
 > >What about shouting fire in a crowded movie theater (that's not on
 > >fire)?
 > 
 > These issues relate to public safety and are irrelevant to the issue of
 > evidence-based statements about the behavior of those responsible
 > for certain IP addresses.

The point is the law recognizes the general concept of liability for
inducing another to act.

Claiming it was their decision to listen to you isn't a blanket
defense.

-- 
        -Barry Shein

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From: "Dr. Jeffrey Race" <jrace@attglobal.net>
To: "Barry Shein" <bzs@world.std.com>
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On Thu, 6 May 2004 16:11:13 -0400, Barry Shein wrote:
> > These issues relate to public safety and are irrelevant to the issue of
> > evidence-based statements about the behavior of those responsible
> > for certain IP addresses.
>The point is the law recognizes the general concept of liability for
>inducing another to act.

The law recognizes the _specific_ case of public safety in the case you
cited ("no right to shout fire in a crowded theater").    Don't read any
more in to it.

Anyway  I repeat that this is irrelevant to the prospect of litigation against
a blacklist or any organization which legitimizes blacklists for purposes of
public convenience.     A blacklist does not _induce_ anyone to do anything (in a legal
sense which means to offer an incentive).   A blacklist just publishes
facts (presumptively).    If they are not facts, and someone is injured,
then that is actionable as it should be.   It has nothing to do with us.

Jeffrey Race



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To: ASRG list <asrg@ietf.org>
From: Bill Cole <grsa@billmail.scconsult.com>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] draft-irtf-asrg-bcp-blacklists-00
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At 6:15 AM -0700 5/6/04, Hallam-Baker, Phillip wrote:
>>  The cases against MAPS say essentially nothing about what any court
>>  accepted except at the vaguest sort of level. No court decided
>>  anything beyond pre-trial matters in any of the suits against MAPS.
>>  All those cases proved is that it is a bad idea to beg to be sued by
>>  companies that might do so with no intention of ever going to trial.
>
>Pre-trial rullings are court decisions, they address issues like
>'is there a set of facts which could allow a claim of this sort
>to succeed'. As such they are not 'vague', they address the exact
>issues being discussed here.

I repeat my plea: cite which rulings you are referring to.

It was my understanding when I was at MAPS in 2000-2001 that none of 
the rulings in any of the cases had settled any significant questions 
of law.

>Pre-trial is where questions of law get decided. So saying 'no court
>decided anything except questions of law' does not help when you
>are debating a question of law.

I said no such thing.

Your interpretation of the rulings in the MAPS cases is directly at 
odds with what MAPS lawyers were telling MAPS management in early 
2001. You may be referring to some decision that I missed after I 
left MAPS, but you have yet to actually mention anything but vague 
generalities when asked for specific citations.

>The collateral damage issue only gets raised in a handful of early cases.
>then it just goes away. I think there is a reason that none of these
>cases would come to court, they simply don't need to.

The only MAPS case where collateral damage was an issue at all was 
the Media3 case, and Media3 failed to convince the judge that their 
case merited any soirt of preliminary injunction.


-- 
Bill Cole
bill@scconsult.com


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Organization: SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc.
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Dr. Jeffrey Race wrote:

> On Thu, 6 May 2004 16:11:13 -0400, Barry Shein wrote:
> 
>>>These issues relate to public safety and are irrelevant to the issue of
>>>evidence-based statements about the behavior of those responsible
>>>for certain IP addresses.
>>
>>The point is the law recognizes the general concept of liability for
>>inducing another to act.
> 
> 
> The law recognizes the _specific_ case of public safety in the case you
> cited ("no right to shout fire in a crowded theater").    Don't read any
> more in to it.
> 
> Anyway  I repeat that this is irrelevant to the prospect of litigation against
> a blacklist or any organization which legitimizes blacklists for purposes of
> public convenience.     A blacklist does not _induce_ anyone to do anything (in a legal
> sense which means to offer an incentive).   A blacklist just publishes
> facts (presumptively).    If they are not facts, and someone is injured,
> then that is actionable as it should be.   It has nothing to do with us.
> 

Allow me to give another example. There is a proposal in SMTP-VERIFY 
subgroup floated about a month ago by Mark Baugher. It proposes a 
standard set of formats and protocols for letting an MTA publish 
statistical information about other MTAs it knows, similar to what 
SenderBase does today. This would enable an ISP like AOL or The World 
publish statistical information about the MTAs that exchange mail with 
it such as average volume per day, how long it had been known, etc. This 
data can be used in the filtering process - e.g. if the MTA is well 
known, it is less likely that it is a zombie.

Would you say that publishing such data puts the MTA operator at a legal 
liability just because others would use it?

Yakov
--
Yakov Shafranovich / asrg <at> shaftek.org
SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc. / research <at> solidmatrix.com
"And this too shall come to pass"

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Hello,

We started this thread over in the MARID board only to be
asked to move over here, which we can understand.

What we stated over there is that we are www.messagelevel.com.
what we have developed over the last several years, and have patents
pending on for the last several years, is a system that verifies the
validity of every message sent by an institution.  Please, before you
barf on it because of the patents, we are here to say that we want to
help in any way, naturally we would like to pay our mortgages with
this, but not take over the world, so we are willing to work with
anyone that wants to help and contribute in most any reasonable way
possible to this effort.

What we have developed, not what we are thinking about, but what we
have, working is a system that captures minute pieces of data from 
email sent from a system and stores that in a queriable form in a 
database.  From there as the recieving system has the same data in the
email, our module can pull it and query back via dns to the purported
system and check for a record of the send.  If so, move on to the next
filter level, if not, it is spoofed and do what you what with it. 
This is no more a burden on DNS that RBL checks, Mail From checks, RMX, etc, except that it works to establish a outer boundry from which all
else is relvant.
 
How can we contribute to this board and the cause, while trying to make 
a little money to pay the bills, but like I said, not take over the world.

Take a look at www.messagelevel.com to get a better idea.

Thank you,

Bill McInnis

----
This outgoing message is guaranteed to be authentic by MessageLevel users.
Guarantee the authenticity of your email @ http://www.messagelevel.com.

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Cc: "Dr. Jeffrey Race" <jrace@attglobal.net>, Barry Shein <bzs@world.std.com>,
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] draft-irtf-asrg-bcp-blacklists-00
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On May 6, 2004 at 20:01 research@solidmatrix.com (Yakov Shafranovich) wrote:
 > Would you say that publishing such data puts the MTA operator at a legal 
 > liability just because others would use it?

IANAL.

But off-hand it reminds me of how they used to announce the winners in
the illegal numbers racket in NYC. The last 3 digits of the day's
parimutuel betting at Belmont, published with the race results in the
daily papers, would be the winning numbers.

Now, I doubt Belmont racetrack could be held liable for aiding and
abetting the numbers racket, tho I believe they voluntarily agreed to
just round off to zeros to stop the practice.

So it would seem to me to make a difference that in one case the
information is clearly being published soas to create a blacklist, and
is being represented as such. While in the other case it could be
generally useful information used in all sorts of ways. It's not like
telephone directories invite phone harrassment.

I think my best advice is that if I were to run a public spam
blacklist I'd bounce it around with an atty if I had assets to
protect, unless I were operating in a country where litigation by
spammers for something like tortious interference isn't a realistic
concern.

My concern was only that a blacklist BCP document could provide fodder
for the wrong people in an already charged and potentially litigious
atmosphere.

That doesn't necessarily argue for or against the document's
existence, it may just be a fact (or an observation anyhow.)

-- 
        -Barry Shein

Software Tool & Die    | bzs@TheWorld.com           | http://www.TheWorld.com
Purveyors to the Trade | Voice: 617-739-0202        | Login: 617-739-WRLD
The World              | Public Access Internet     | Since 1989     *oo*

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From: "Walter Dnes" <waltdnes@waltdnes.org>
To: ASRG list <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] News: Postini patents the relay server?
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On Thu, May 06, 2004 at 04:56:20AM -0000, John Levine wrote
> Postini's patent is on the specific technique of preprocessing
> someone's mail by setting up the MX to point to an offsite
> preprocessing server that redelivers the laundered mail to the actual
> server.  It's not a patent on general mail relay.

  Don't look now, Postini has just patented outsourcing.  Think of all
the western corporations who've been doing this for years.

-- 
Walter Dnes <waltdnes@waltdnes.org>
Email users are divided into two classes;
1) Those who have effective spam-blocking
2) Those who wish they did

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From: Jeff Silverman <jeff@commercialventvac.com>
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Subject: [Asrg] We got some stinging criticism
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This is a multi-part message in MIME format.
--------------010100040309020107080506
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People,

     Larry Seltzer 
<http://www.eweek.com/author_bio/0,1772,a=2299,00.asp> is the Security 
Center Editor for E-week.  He just wrote an article, 
http://www.eweek.com/article2/0,1759,1583421,00.asp, and he has some 
pretty stinging criticisms of us.  In particular, he wrote:

> The group is an outgrowth of the Anti-Spam Research Group (ASRG), 
> <http://asrg.sp.am/> a part of the Internet Research Task Force 
> (IRTF). <http://www.irtf.org/> The ASRG has produced a digital 
> mountain of discussion but not a whole lot of consensus on actual 
> solutions, and there's way too much topical variety and digression on 
> the group's mailing list. All of this is perhaps why some folks went 
> to the IETF asking to be saved from themselves and to have a standard 
> put on the "railroad" track.

He also writes:

> All of this leads me to believe that the group is moving far too fast. 
> I agree with Wacker [Rand Wacker, director of product strategy at 
> Sendmail Inc. - Jeff ]  about real-world experimentation. Is it really 
> necessary to have a standard so quickly, when we're so early in the 
> real-world implementations of the major proposals? I wish we could 
> wait to get more experience with them first.

I guess there is no pleasing some people - but it would be interesting 
to talk with him and ask him for advice.


Jeff


--------------010100040309020107080506
Content-Type: text/html; charset=us-ascii
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
<head>
  <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=ISO-8859-1">
  <title></title>
</head>
<body text="#000000" bgcolor="#ffffff">
People,<br>
<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <a href="http://www.eweek.com/author_bio/0,1772,a=2299,00.asp"
 class="authorsource">Larry Seltzer</a> is the Security Center Editor
for E-week.&nbsp; He just wrote an article,
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://www.eweek.com/article2/0,1759,1583421,00.asp">http://www.eweek.com/article2/0,1759,1583421,00.asp</a>, and he has some
pretty stinging criticisms of us.&nbsp; In particular, he wrote:<br>
<br>
<blockquote type="cite">The group is an outgrowth of the <a
 href="http://asrg.sp.am/">Anti-Spam Research Group (ASRG),</a> a part
of the <a href="http://www.irtf.org/">Internet Research Task Force
(IRTF).</a>
The ASRG has produced a digital mountain of discussion but not a whole
lot of consensus on actual solutions, and there's way too much topical
variety and digression on the group's mailing list. All of this is
perhaps why some folks went to the IETF asking to be saved from
themselves and to have a standard put on the "railroad" track.</blockquote>
He also writes:<br>
<br>
<blockquote type="cite">All of this leads me to believe that the group
is moving far too fast.
I agree with Wacker [Rand Wacker, director of product strategy at
Sendmail Inc. - Jeff ]&nbsp; about real-world experimentation. Is it really
necessary to have a standard so quickly, when we're so early in the
real-world implementations of the major proposals? I wish we could wait
to get more experience with them first.</blockquote>
I guess there is no pleasing some people - but it would be interesting
to talk with him and ask him for advice.<br>
<br>
<br>
Jeff<br>
<br>
</body>
</html>

--------------010100040309020107080506--


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From: "Larry Seltzer" <larry@larryseltzer.com>
To: <jeff@commercialventvac.com>, <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] We got some stinging criticism
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>>...it would be interesting to talk with him and ask him for advice.
 
Basically, I can't believe the schedule on this thing. And since a high % of the
discussion is always off thepoint or outside the formal agenda, there won't be all that
much discussion going into this very important standard. 

Larry Seltzer
eWEEK.com Security Center Editor
http://security.eweek.com/
http://blog.ziffdavis.com/seltzer
larryseltzer@ziffdavis.com 


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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Message Level Authentication
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Matthew,

Point 1 - What part of what andy said? We cant make ip claims about
similarities because you have come up with nothing so far as a group.

Point 2 - As far as an expert review of what we have developed, 
unfortunatley the experts formed the asrg a long time after we came up 
with this.

Point 3 - Yes we did get feedback and we answered everything anyone
asked. Next.

Question 1 - does everything have to be in a draft form?  I have seen a
lot of things hashed through without those (CID and YDK).  Most of them
seem to be ideas about things to try and not about things already built?

Question 2 - Is the patent piece of this a non starter in terms of 
working with this group?  I know you all are considering other patent 
pending ideas, what makes this one so different and what is with the 
hostile remarks to us popping our heads up?  

We are not trying to create a hostile environment, we just created 
something we know works and want to have it flushed out as an option
as it is the most secure form of authentication (no pki, no publishing
specific ips dns, not rebranding of old ideas into something new),
it provides the level of accountability required before any e-postage
scheme is possible and actually works.

Is the job of this group to find something that works, or find something
that nobody else came up with? 

Thank you

Bill McInnis
---------- Original Message ----------------------------------
From: Matthew Elvey <matthew@elvey.com>
Date:  Thu, 06 May 2004 21:04:11 -0700

>On 5/6/2004 6:16 PM, Bill Mcinnis sent forth electrons to convey:
>
>>Hello,
>>
>>We started this thread over in the MARID board only to be
>>asked to move over here, which we can understand.
>>  
>>
>What Andy said applies equally here:
>
>Bill,
>>
>>If you are asking for expert review of your proprietary anti-spam 
>>system, please do it elsewhere.
>>
>>If you are seeking to contribute to this IETF standardization effort, 
>>please submit an Internet Draft complete with proper intellectual 
>>property notices.  And remember, MARID is about a DNS authorization 
>>solution for MTAs.
>>
>>If you believe that input documents to MARID are in conflict with your 
>>own intellectual property, please specify which methods are in 
>>conflict.
>>
>>-andy, co-chair
>
>?
>
>It looks like you already got a bunch of feedback on the MARID list:
>http://www.imc.org/ietf-mxcomp/mail-archive/msg00940.html
>
>>...
>>Thank you,
>>
>>Bill McInnis
>>  
>>
>.
>
>----
>This message has been verified as authentic by MessageLevel.
>Guarantee the authenticity of your email @ http://www.messagelevel.com.
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From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@ox.org>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] draft-irtf-asrg-bcp-blacklists-00 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Thu, 06 May 2004 20:01:53 EDT."
             <409AD1F1.9020105@solidmatrix.com> 
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Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com> wrote:
> Would you say that publishing such data puts the MTA operator at a legal 
> liability just because others would use it?

  My understanding is that in some jurisdictions, the answer is "Yes."

  In Canada, it's legal to give a reference for an ex-employee which
says "he showed up at work drunk and naked, so we fired him".  In
other countries, it may not be legal to say that, even if it's true.

  There is a way around the legal issues.  Have a "de-list me" page,
just like the CBL does.  The key is that rather than pretending the
rentry under dispute doesn't exist, you mark it "de-listed at owners
request."

  Recipients can then choose what to do.

  Alan DeKok.

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>  In Canada, it's legal to give a reference for an ex-employee which
> says "he showed up at work drunk and naked, so we fired him".  In
> other countries, it may not be legal to say that, even if it's true.

In the US, it's legal to say that.  He might sue, of course; but if
it's true, he won't win.

>  There is a way around the legal issues.  Have a "de-list me" page,
> just like the CBL does.  The key is that rather than pretending the
> rentry under dispute doesn't exist, you mark it "de-listed at owners
> request."
>
>  Recipients can then choose what to do.

Then someone listed and marked that way, who gets blocked, can still
sue over the original listing.

Seth

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From: John Levine <asrg@johnlevine.com>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] We got some stinging criticism
In-Reply-To: <E1BM28M-0007CL-00@ietf-mx>
Organization: I.E.C.C., Trumansburg NY USA
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>Basically, I can't believe the schedule on this thing.

It's certainly very aggressive, and I agree that we need a whole lot
more experiments before trying to roll stuff out widely.

On the other hand, the IETF has lots of standards that never were used
much.  It would be a shame if people were to put a lot of work into
something that nobody uses, but it wouldn't be a disaster.

Regards,
John Levine, johnl@taugh.com, Taughannock Networks, Trumansburg NY
http://www.taugh.com

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From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@ox.org>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] draft-irtf-asrg-bcp-blacklists-00 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Fri, 07 May 2004 14:36:02 EDT."
             <200405071836.i47Ia2309398@panix5.panix.com> 
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Seth Breidbart <sethb@panix.com> wrote:
> >  There is a way around the legal issues.  Have a "de-list me" page,
> > just like the CBL does.  The key is that rather than pretending the
> > rentry under dispute doesn't exist, you mark it "de-listed at owners
> > request."
> >
> >  Recipients can then choose what to do.
> 
> Then someone listed and marked that way, who gets blocked, can still
> sue over the original listing.

  ... which may (or may not) have been negatively listed.

  The original listing can be positive, negative, or a request to "not
list me".  The key is to ensure that the entries which are "not-listed
at owners request" are *not* always originally a negative listing.
This means that when someone sees those entries, there is no automatic
assumption that the owner was behaving poorly.

  e.g. Blacklists can list whole swaths of unallocated addresses as
"not listed at owners request".

  The blocks 29/8, 30/8 are still unallocated, I think.  Blacklist
maintainers can use the public statement that those addresses are
unallocated as a request to NOT have them in the list.  There's no
reason to blacklist them, as no one should be using them, right?

  Alan DeKok.

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On 5/6/2004 6:16 PM, Bill Mcinnis sent forth electrons to convey:

>Hello,
>
>We started this thread over in the MARID board only to be
>asked to move over here, which we can understand.
>  
>
What Andy said applies equally here:

Bill,
>
>If you are asking for expert review of your proprietary anti-spam 
>system, please do it elsewhere.
>
>If you are seeking to contribute to this IETF standardization effort, 
>please submit an Internet Draft complete with proper intellectual 
>property notices.  And remember, MARID is about a DNS authorization 
>solution for MTAs.
>
>If you believe that input documents to MARID are in conflict with your 
>own intellectual property, please specify which methods are in 
>conflict.
>
>-andy, co-chair

?

It looks like you already got a bunch of feedback on the MARID list:
http://www.imc.org/ietf-mxcomp/mail-archive/msg00940.html

>...
>Thank you,
>
>Bill McInnis
>  
>
.

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Date: Fri, 07 May 2004 13:58:03 -0700
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On 5/7/2004 5:49 AM, Bill Mcinnis sent forth electrons to convey:

>Matthew,
>
>Question 1 - does everything have to be in a draft form?  I have seen a
>lot of things hashed through without those (CID and YDK).  Most of them
>seem to be ideas about things to try and not about things already built?
>  
>
CID and YDK got a lot of hostility for not submitting stuff in draft 
form too.  (And the former for being based on unspecified proprietary 
IP, and simply being from a company that's a convicted predatory 
monopoly, etc.)
Here's one way likely to get rid of much of such hostility: 
https://www.redhat.com/legal/patent_policy.html.  An irrevocable offer 
to license at a specified price would be another idea...

>Question 2 - Is the patent piece of this a non starter in terms of 
>working with this group?  I know you all are considering other patent 
>pending ideas, what makes this one so different and what is with the 
>hostile remarks to us popping our heads up?  
>  
>
The IETF doesn't flatly reject anything that's patented or patent 
pending, AFAIK, but it's a big hit, because patents usually make broad 
adoption more difficult.


In terms of techno-social merit, ML seems to potentially accomplish 
about what SPF does, while requiring more work from adoptees, and less 
incentive to early adopters, hence being less likely to achieve its 
potential.  E.g. I'd have to set up and run  an ML server for my domain 
(or pay someone to).

>We are not trying to create a hostile environment, we just created 
>something we know works and want to have it flushed out as an option
>as it is the most secure form of authentication (no pki, no publishing
>specific ips dns, not rebranding of old ideas into something new),
>it provides the level of accountability required before any e-postage
>scheme is possible and actually works.
>
>Is the job of this group to find something that works, or find something
>that nobody else came up with? 
>
>Thank you
>
>Bill McInnis
>---------- Original Message ----------------------------------
>From: Matthew Elvey <matthew@elvey.com>
>Date:  Thu, 06 May 2004 21:04:11 -0700
>
>  
>
>>On 5/6/2004 6:16 PM, Bill Mcinnis sent forth electrons to convey:
>>
>>    
>>
>>>Hello,
>>>
>>>We started this thread over in the MARID board only to be
>>>asked to move over here, which we can understand.
>>> 
>>>
>>>      
>>>
>>What Andy said applies equally here:
>>
>>Bill,
>>    
>>
>>>If you are asking for expert review of your proprietary anti-spam 
>>>system, please do it elsewhere.
>>>
>>>If you are seeking to contribute to this IETF standardization effort, 
>>>please submit an Internet Draft complete with proper intellectual 
>>>property notices.  And remember, MARID is about a DNS authorization 
>>>solution for MTAs.
>>>
>>>If you believe that input documents to MARID are in conflict with your 
>>>own intellectual property, please specify which methods are in 
>>>conflict.
>>>
>>>-andy, co-chair
>>>      
>>>
>>?
>>
>>It looks like you already got a bunch of feedback on the MARID list:
>>http://www.imc.org/ietf-mxcomp/mail-archive/msg00940.html
>>
>>    
>>
>>>...
>>>Thank you,
>>>
>>>Bill McInnis
>>> 
>>>
>>>      
>>>
>>.
>>
>>----
>>This message has been verified as authentic by MessageLevel.
>>Guarantee the authenticity of your email @ http://www.messagelevel.com.
>>
>>    
>>
>
>----
>This outgoing message is guaranteed to be authentic by MessageLevel users.
>Guarantee the authenticity of your email @ http://www.messagelevel.com.
>  
>


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Matthew Elvey wrote:
> On 5/7/2004 5:49 AM, Bill Mcinnis sent forth electrons to convey:
...
>> Question 2 - Is the patent piece of this a non starter in terms of 
>> working with this group?  I know you all are considering other patent 
>> pending ideas, what makes this one so different and what is with the 
>> hostile remarks to us popping our heads up?   
>>
> The IETF doesn't flatly reject anything that's patented or patent 
> pending, AFAIK, but it's a big hit, because patents usually make broad 
> adoption more difficult.
> 

The ASRG's IPR policy can be found here:

http://asrg.sp.am/about/ipr.shtml

The basic thrust is that you should disclose your IPR upfront. However, 
as Mathew stated, patents make adoption more complicated.

Yakov
--
Yakov Shafranovich / asrg <at> shaftek.org
SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc. / research <at> solidmatrix.com
"And this too shall come to pass"

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From: John Levine <asrg@johnlevine.com>
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Message Level Authentication
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>Is the job of this group to find something that works, or find
>something that nobody else came up with?

The former.

Patents aren't an insurmountable problem, although unless your
patented scheme is vastly, enormously, better than all of the
alternatives, people are going to use schemes that are either P.D. or
where patent owners offer free licenses as Microsoft says they're
going to do with Caller ID.

The lack of a formal Internet Draft isn't insurmoutable either,
although lack of a concrete technical spec is.  Microsoft has
published a Caller ID spec with as much detail as you'd find in an
I-D, and there's one coming shortly for Domain Keys.

The basic problem with per message callback verification is that it's
not a very good way to authenticate messages.  It's an idea that's
come up from time to time and has never garnered much enthusiasm.

It's very expensive for recipients, since it requires a database
lookup over the net for each message, and unlike any of the LMAP
proposals or Domain Keys, the looked up data can't be cached for other
messages from the same domain.  It's a disaster for senders if their
domain is even moderately spoofed, since they'll be hammered with
lookups for every spoofed message.  (My abuse.net domain, for example,
sends under 10K messages a day, but there's up to a million daily
forged abuse.net spams from about two Russian spammers.)

It also seems to me utterly implausible that a high volume mailer like
AOL or Hotmail would be able to maintain a database of every message
they send, and process queries in real time.  Unlike mail sending and
receiving, this cannot be farmed out to multiple independent parallel
servers, since the domain's database has to know about all the mail
sent from that domain and respond to all the queries.

If you had a concrete description of your system, we could probably
identify other problems with forwarded mail, roaming users, one-way
forwarders like computer.org and pobox.com, and "frankenmail" with the
head of a legit mail and the body of a spam.  But given how
fundamental the performance and scaling issues are, I doubt you'll get
much more feedback here even if you did have a spec.

Several ASRG participants run e-mail consultancies, so if you really
wanted a more detailed critique, you could doubtless hire someone to
help perform one.

Regards,
John Levine, johnl@taugh.com, Taughannock Networks, Trumansburg NY
http://www.taugh.com


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> Patents aren't an insurmountable problem, although unless your
> patented scheme is vastly, enormously, better than all of the
> alternatives, people are going to use schemes that are either P.D. or
> where patent owners offer free licenses as Microsoft says they're
> going to do with Caller ID.

You will probably find a large number of people are not going to read
a proposal that is encumbered by patent claims in a forum that does 
not have an RF or RAND IP policy in place.

I don't see a need for an encumbered scheme in this space. I think
that there is a very good solution on the table that is subject to 
acceptable (i.e. free) licensing terms.

		Phill

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From: Jeff Silverman <jeff@commercialventvac.com>
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] We got some stinging criticism
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Larry Seltzer wrote:

>>>...it would be interesting to talk with him and ask him for advice.
>>>      
>>>
> 
>Basically, I can't believe the schedule on this thing. And since a high % of the
>discussion is always off the point or outside the formal agenda, there won't be all that
>much discussion going into this very important standard. 
>
>Larry Seltzer
>eWEEK.com Security Center Editor
>http://security.eweek.com/
>http://blog.ziffdavis.com/seltzer
>larryseltzer@ziffdavis.com 
>

Larry,
       Thank you for responding.

    There is no way I can speak for the group, of course, but I am 
confused by your comment.  When you say that you can't believe the 
schedule on this thing, I construe that to mean that you are unhappy 
with the amount of time that has been allocated to the task.  Do you 
think that there is too much time or not enough time?

    Since we are designing an open security system, one of the things 
that we have to do with each proposal is attack the proposal.  I realize 
that it appears as if we are in the throes of devisive argument and 
racked with dissension, and again only speaking for myself, I believe 
that the argument is generally healthy and helpful.  I am not a 
professional computer scientist, so at time the discussion is a little 
beyond me, but the members of group have generally been tolerant and 
willing to explain things in detail whenever I have asked them.  I would 
be very concerned if there was "group think" going on, but I think this 
group seems to be safe from that.

    There are several problems that I myself want to avoid:

*) Whatever we design ought to run on a fairly modest computer
*) Whatever we design should "open" in the sense that it is unencumbered 
by either copyright or patent issues.  I am not terribly concerned about 
the distinction between the BSD license and the GPL license, but I am 
adamantly opposed to the B.O.R.G. (Basically Owned by the Redmond Giant) 
license.
*) It has to be reliable not only in the face of ordinary errors but 
also against Bad Guys actively trying to break it.  A corollary of this 
point is I think that the system cannot rely on the sender to do the 
right thing.  As I understand the caller ID protocol, it relies on the 
sender.  I think Microsoft might be envisioning a world in which the 
power of root, er, I mean administrator, is limited; it is not clear to 
me how that can possibly be done when there are virtual machines. 
*) It would be nice if  whatever we design is backwards compatible with 
existing protocols.  So for example, if we invent something new, it 
would be better to implement it on top of HTTP or SNMP or similar, or 
extend SMTP in a backwards compatible way.
*) It would be nice if it worked a high percentage of the time.

    In my opinion, these are daunting goals.  Are any of them 
unreasonable or demonstrably unattainable?  Have I missed anything 
important?

    Now, I am inclined to agree with you that at times we do lose sight 
of our goals.  So if you will review some of the messages I have sent to 
the group as of late, you'll notice I have been trying to push the group 
back on track.  It seems like a strange role for a newbie to take on, 
but one of the advantages of being a newbie is that I am not weighted 
down with a lot of history of the group.  Of course one of the 
disadvantages is that there is a lot I should know and do not know.  
Further, I have no reputation with the group.

    Larry, when all is said and done, your opinion is important to me, 
because I think you have a better handle on what ordinary users want and 
need.  I, for example, loath Microsoft with a passion that defies easy 
description.  I am also deathly afraid of Microsoft.  Clearly, I am out 
of the mainstream in this regard.  Because you write for an important 
magazine, you have to stay connected with what ordinary users want and 
need, or else you are irrelevant.  You are not irrelevant.  Therefore, 
you are connected, and we should listen to what you have to say. 

    Again, this message is only my opinion, and should not be construed 
as speaking for the group.


Sincerely yours

Jeff


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<body text="#000000" bgcolor="#ffffff">
Larry Seltzer wrote:<br>
<blockquote type="cite"
 cite="mid200405071000.i479xrVR009228@angel.commercialventvac.com">
  <blockquote type="cite">
    <blockquote type="cite">
      <pre wrap="">...it would be interesting to talk with him and ask him for advice.
      </pre>
    </blockquote>
  </blockquote>
  <pre wrap=""><!----> 
Basically, I can't believe the schedule on this thing. And since a high % of the
discussion is always off the point or outside the formal agenda, there won't be all that
much discussion going into this very important standard. 

Larry Seltzer
eWEEK.com Security Center Editor
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://security.eweek.com/">http://security.eweek.com/</a>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://blog.ziffdavis.com/seltzer">http://blog.ziffdavis.com/seltzer</a>
<a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:larryseltzer@ziffdavis.com">larryseltzer@ziffdavis.com</a> </pre>
</blockquote>
<br>
Larry,<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; Thank you for responding.<br>
<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; There is no way I can speak for the group, of course, but I am
confused by your comment.&nbsp; When you say that you can't believe the
schedule on this thing, I construe that to mean that you are unhappy
with the amount of time that has been allocated to the task.&nbsp; Do you
think that there is too much time or not enough time?<br>
<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Since we are designing an open security system, one of the things
that we have to do with each proposal is attack the proposal.&nbsp; I
realize that it appears as if we are in the throes of devisive argument
and racked with dissension, and again only speaking for myself, I
believe that the argument is generally healthy and helpful.&nbsp; I am not a
professional computer scientist, so at time the discussion is a little
beyond me, but the members of group have generally been tolerant and
willing to explain things in detail whenever I have asked them.&nbsp; I
would be very concerned if there was "group think" going on, but I
think this group seems to be safe from that.<br>
<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; There are several problems that I myself want to avoid:<br>
<br>
*) Whatever we design ought to run on a fairly modest computer<br>
*) Whatever we design should "open" in the sense that it is
unencumbered by either copyright or patent issues.&nbsp; I am not terribly
concerned about the distinction between the BSD license and the GPL
license, but I am adamantly opposed to the B.O.R.G. (Basically Owned by
the Redmond Giant) license.<br>
*) It has to be reliable not only in the face of ordinary errors but
also against Bad Guys actively trying to break it.&nbsp; A corollary of this
point is I think that the system cannot rely on the sender to do the
right thing.&nbsp; As I understand the caller ID protocol, it relies on the
sender.&nbsp; I think Microsoft might be envisioning a world in which the
power of root, er, I mean administrator, is limited; it is not clear to
me how that can possibly be done when there are virtual machines.&nbsp; <br>
*) It would be nice if&nbsp; whatever we design is backwards compatible with
existing protocols.&nbsp; So for example, if we invent something new, it
would be better to implement it on top of HTTP or SNMP or similar, or
extend SMTP in a backwards compatible way.<br>
*) It would be nice if it worked a high percentage of the time.<br>
<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; In my opinion, these are daunting goals.&nbsp; Are any of them
unreasonable or demonstrably unattainable?&nbsp; Have I missed anything
important?<br>
<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Now, I am inclined to agree with you that at times we do lose sight
of our goals.&nbsp; So if you will review some of the messages I have sent
to the group as of late, you'll notice I have been trying to push the
group back on track.&nbsp; It seems like a strange role for a newbie to take
on, but one of the advantages of being a newbie is that I am not
weighted down with a lot of history of the group.&nbsp; Of course one of the
disadvantages is that there is a lot I should know and do not know.&nbsp;
Further, I have no reputation with the group.<br>
<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Larry, when all is said and done, your opinion is important to me,
because I think you have a better handle on what ordinary users want
and need.&nbsp; I, for example, loath Microsoft with a passion that defies
easy description.&nbsp; I am also deathly afraid of Microsoft.&nbsp; Clearly, I
am out of the mainstream in this regard.&nbsp; Because you write for an
important magazine, you have to stay connected with what ordinary users
want and need, or else you are irrelevant.&nbsp; You are not irrelevant.&nbsp;
Therefore, you are connected, and we should listen to what you have to
say.&nbsp; <br>
<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Again, this message is only my opinion, and should not be construed
as speaking for the group.<br>
<br>
<br>
Sincerely yours<br>
<br>
Jeff<br>
<br>
</body>
</html>

--------------020105000209020004010903--


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From: "Larry Seltzer" <larry@larryseltzer.com>
To: <jeff@commercialventvac.com>
Cc: <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] We got some stinging criticism
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Is this really appropriate here? The column was basically about MARID and only
peripherally dealt with ASRG. At first I responded because I read both lists and I
assumed the remark was on the right one.

Larry Seltzer
eWEEK.com Security Center Editor
http://security.eweek.com/
http://blog.ziffdavis.com/seltzer
larryseltzer@ziffdavis.com 



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On 5/7/2004 11:13 AM, John Levine sent forth electrons to convey:

> [P]eople are going to use schemes that are either P.D. or
>
>where patent owners offer free licenses as Microsoft says they're
>going to do with Caller ID.
>
My reading of the license was that I need permission from Microsoft to 
use CID, and that they may withhold it.
That's not free!  (Besides which, as Jeff Silverman just said on ASRG:

> The system cannot rely on the sender to do the right thing.  As I 
> understand the caller ID protocol, it relies on the sender. )



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On 5/5/2004 11:09 AM, Yakov Shafranovich sent forth electrons to convey:

> THEREFORE, to resolve this issue in regards to this particular document,
> it might be sufficient to include a similar section discussing the legal
> issues and make it clear that the local laws of whatever 
> [jurisdiction] the
> blacklist list operator is in, override the recommendations and that the
> BCP is not meant to go against any existing law.

It's a pity we feel compelled to do this. But yeah, we need it.


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From: John Levine <asrg@johnlevine.com>
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>> [P]eople are going to use schemes that are either P.D. or
>>where patent owners offer free licenses as Microsoft says they're
>>going to do with Caller ID.

>My reading of the license was that I need permission from Microsoft to 
>use CID, and that they may withhold it.
>That's not free!  (Besides which, as Jeff Silverman just said on ASRG:

Contacts at MS have informally told me that the intention with the
CLID patents is to provide free permanent licenses to everyone.  They
realize that the current license doesn't say that, so presumably at
some point they'll revise the license to say what it's supposed to.
We'll see.

In any event, that was an example.  I think we all agree that a scheme
is much more likely to be adopted widely if people who use it don't
have to negotiate patent licenses.

Regards,
John Levine, johnl@taugh.com, Taughannock Networks, Trumansburg NY
http://www.taugh.com


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Subject: [Asrg] Are we allowed to extend the SMTP protocol?
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This is a multi-part message in MIME format.
--------------060103030401000005010506
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii; format=flowed
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit

People,

    I was wandering through the SMTP RFC 
(http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc2821.html and other places), and I got to 
section 4.2 which is the reply codes that the receiving MTA sends back 
to the sending MTA.  I think this is where we ought to focus our thinking.


    Can we modify the SMTP to add an authenticating capability?  I think 
so.  In particular, I notice the following in the RFC:

The list of codes that appears below MUST NOT be construed as
   permanent.  While the addition of new codes should be a rare and
   significant activity, with supplemental information in the textual
   part of the response being preferred, new codes may be added as the
   result of new Standards or Standards-track specifications.
   Consequently, a sender-SMTP MUST be prepared to handle codes not
   specified in this document and MUST do so by interpreting the first
   digit only.


  What if we added a code 320 or 453, I think, which means authenticate 
yourself to me?   Then sending MTA will then queue the message for 
retransmission later.

    The receiving MTA would then send a Turing-difficult test to the 
erstwhile sender of the message, such as a pointer to a graphic that the 
sending MTA has to read (e.g. 
http://www.commercialventvac.com/~jeffs/mail.jpg 
<http://www.commercialventvac.com/%7Ejeffs/mail.jpg>) or it could be all 
text that a human still has to parse for example

   A         H    H     A      RRRR  DDDD     TTTTTTT EEEEEE     SSSSS 
TTTTTTT
  A A        H    H    A A     R   R D   D       T    E         S         T
 A   A       H    H   A   A    R   R D    D      T    E          SSSS     T
AAAAAAA      HHHHHH  AAAAAAA   RRRR  D    D      T    EEEE           S    T
A     A      H    H  A     A   R   R D   D       T    E        S    S     T
A     A      H    H  A     A   R   R DDDD        T    EEEEEEE   SSSS      T


Or it could be a sound clip.
  The sender of the message takes the test, and puts the answer in the 
subject field.  This message is sent to the receiving MTA.  The 
receiving MTA has to go through the message until it gets to the subject 
field so that it knows that this is a test and not a message.

    Once the sender has passed the test, then the receiver can add the 
sender to a white list which is under the control of the user.  I 
realize I am not very structured - this idea is somewhat half baked.  
The user would have three lists of addresses of correspondents: a white 
list, which can be passed without further testing; a blacklist, which 
can be rejected without further testing; and a graylist, which must be 
tested.  Whenever a new correspondent appears, they automatically are 
added to the graylist by the MTA.  If the user decides that this 
correspondent is a spammer, then they can add the user to the blacklist.


    There are a couple of problems with this.  One is that the Turing 
difficult test is language dependent.  I am used to thinking in terms of 
a roman alphabet, but what if the receiver and the correspondent are 
Israeli or Arabic?    Another problem is that if the correspondent were 
to somehow learn that an address was on the receiver's white list, then 
the correspondent could send a message with that address.  The user 
response in that case would be to move that address from the white list 
back to the gray list.

    The big advantage of this scheme is that it requires modification 
only to the receiving MTA and requires no changes to the UTAs.  My 
intuition tells me that there are far fewer MTAs than UTAs and since the 
MTAs are under the control of sysadmins and not users, it will be easier 
to update them.
 


So, I couple of questions:

1)  Does this sound like a good idea?

2)  If it is a good idea, then what do we do next?

3) If it is a bad idea, then why is it a bad idea, and can it be fixed 
or is it hopeless?


I recognize that this is a variant on challenge/response, but I missed 
most of the discussion of challenge/response and I am not sure I 
understand why it is not a good idea.

Many thanks,


Jeff





--------------060103030401000005010506
Content-Type: text/html; charset=us-ascii
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
<head>
  <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=ISO-8859-1">
  <title></title>
</head>
<body text="#000000" bgcolor="#ffffff">
People,<br>
<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; I was wandering through the SMTP RFC (<a
 href="http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc2821.html">http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc2821.html</a>
and other places), and I got to section 4.2 which is the reply codes
that the receiving MTA sends back to the sending MTA.&nbsp; I think this is
where we ought to focus our thinking.<br>
<br>
<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Can we modify the SMTP to add an authenticating capability?&nbsp; I
think so.&nbsp; In particular, I notice the following in the RFC:<br>
<br>
<pre>The list of codes that appears below MUST NOT be construed as
   permanent.  While the addition of new codes should be a rare and
   significant activity, with supplemental information in the textual
   part of the response being preferred, new codes may be added as the
   result of new Standards or Standards-track specifications.
   Consequently, a sender-SMTP MUST be prepared to handle codes not
   specified in this document and MUST do so by interpreting the first
   digit only.</pre>
<br>
&nbsp; What if we added a code 320 or 453, I think, which means authenticate
yourself to me?&nbsp;&nbsp; Then sending MTA will then queue the message for
retransmission later.<br>
<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; The receiving MTA would then send a Turing-difficult test to the
erstwhile sender of the message, such as a pointer to a graphic that
the sending MTA has to read (e.g. <a
 href="http://www.commercialventvac.com/%7Ejeffs/mail.jpg">http://www.commercialventvac.com/~jeffs/mail.jpg</a>)
or it could be all text that a human still has to parse for example<br>
<br>
<span style="font-family: monospace;">&nbsp;&nbsp; A&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span
 style="font-family: monospace;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span
 style="font-family: monospace;">H&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; H&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; A&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; RRRR&nbsp; DDDD&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
TTTTTTT EEEEEE&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; SSSSS TTTTTTT<br>
&nbsp; A A&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span style="font-family: monospace;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span
 style="font-family: monospace;">H&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; H&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; A A&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; R&nbsp;&nbsp; R D&nbsp;&nbsp; D&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
T&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; E&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; S&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; T<br>
&nbsp;A&nbsp;&nbsp; A&nbsp;</span><span style="font-family: monospace;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span
 style="font-family: monospace;"> H&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; H&nbsp;&nbsp; A&nbsp;&nbsp; A&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; R&nbsp;&nbsp; R D&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; D&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
T&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; E&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; SSSS&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; T<br>
AAAAAAA </span><span style="font-family: monospace;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span
 style="font-family: monospace;">HHHHHH&nbsp; AAAAAAA &nbsp; RRRR&nbsp; D&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; D&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
T&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; EEEE&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; S&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; T<br>
A&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; A </span><span style="font-family: monospace;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span
 style="font-family: monospace;">H&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; H&nbsp; A&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; A&nbsp;&nbsp; R&nbsp;&nbsp; R D&nbsp;&nbsp; D&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
T&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; E&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; S&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; S&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; T<br>
A&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; A </span><span style="font-family: monospace;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span
 style="font-family: monospace;">H&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; H&nbsp; A&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; A&nbsp;&nbsp; R&nbsp;&nbsp; R DDDD&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
T&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; EEEEEEE&nbsp;&nbsp; SSSS&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; T<br>
<br>
<br>
Or it could be a sound clip.<br>
&nbsp; </span>The sender of the message takes the test, and puts the answer
in the subject field.&nbsp; This message is sent to the receiving MTA.&nbsp; The
receiving MTA has to go through the message until it gets to the
subject field so that it knows that this is a test and not a message.<br>
<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Once the sender has passed the test, then the receiver can add the
sender to a white list which is under the control of the user.&nbsp; I
realize I am not very structured - this idea is somewhat half baked.&nbsp;
The user would have three lists of addresses of correspondents: a white
list, which can be passed without further testing; a blacklist, which
can be rejected without further testing; and a graylist, which must be
tested.&nbsp; Whenever a new correspondent appears, they automatically are
added to the graylist by the MTA.&nbsp; If the user decides that this
correspondent is a spammer, then they can add the user to the blacklist.<br>
<br>
<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; There are a couple of problems with this.&nbsp; One is that the Turing
difficult test is language dependent.&nbsp; I am used to thinking in terms
of a roman alphabet, but what if the receiver and the correspondent are
Israeli or Arabic?&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Another problem is that if the correspondent were
to somehow learn that an address was on the receiver's white list, then
the correspondent could send a message with that address.&nbsp; The user
response in that case would be to move that address from the white list
back to the gray list.<br>
<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; The big advantage of this scheme is that it requires modification
only to the receiving MTA and requires no changes to the UTAs.&nbsp; My
intuition tells me that there are far fewer MTAs than UTAs and since
the MTAs are under the control of sysadmins and not users, it will be
easier to update them.<br>
<span style="font-family: monospace;">&nbsp; <br>
<br>
</span><br>
So, I couple of questions:<br>
<br>
1)&nbsp; Does this sound like a good idea?<br>
<br>
2)&nbsp; If it is a good idea, then what do we do next?<br>
<br>
3) If it is a bad idea, then why is it a bad idea, and can it be fixed
or is it hopeless?<br>
<br>
<br>
I recognize that this is a variant on challenge/response, but I missed
most of the discussion of challenge/response and I am not sure I
understand why it is not a good idea.<br>
<br>
Many thanks,<br>
<br>
<br>
Jeff<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
<span style="font-family: monospace;"><br>
</span>
</body>
</html>

--------------060103030401000005010506--


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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Are we allowed to extend the SMTP protocol?
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At 4:12 pm -0700 9/5/04, Jeff Silverman wrote:
>
>I recognize that this is a variant on challenge/response, but I missed
>most of the discussion of challenge/response and I am not sure I
>understand why it is not a good ide

this sounds like a variation of what happens with camram - see
http://www.camram.org/

Camram is using hashcash tokens that can be generated computationally but
the model allows for payments as well. You can include the hashcash token
with the mail so that there is no need to do the C/R part.

	f

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> Date: Sun, 09 May 2004 16:12:00 -0700
From: Jeff Silverman <jeff@commercialventvac.com>
Reply-To: jeff@commercialventvac.com
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: [Asrg] Are we allowed to extend the SMTP protocol?

> People,

>    I was wandering through the SMTP RFC 
(http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc2821.html and other places), and I got to 
section 4.2 which is the reply codes that the receiving MTA sends back 
to the sending MTA.  I think this is where we ought to focus our thinking.


>    Can we modify the SMTP to add an authenticating capability?  I think 
so.  

While we certainly COULD, I think it's not desirable for a whole variety of 
reasons.  Among them:

  1)  There are a LOT of systems around the world which handle E-mail, and many 
of them qualify as "legacy" systems where the original company having written 
the software may have orphaned it.  It's not safe to presume that it either can 
be changed, or even that it's reasonable to expect a user to change software 
that "has always worked fine."

  2)  Many older programs won't know how to handle (and may not even report) 
previously unknown response codes.

  3)  The fact that mail sending/receiving software is "authenticated" is 
TOTALLY IRRELEVANT to the issue of whether the E-mail being sent is spam or not. 
Before a zombie spambot got infected, no doubt it was trustworthy and legitimate 
(and it probably sends at least SOME legitimate and non-spam mail, even AFTER 
being infected).

I truly don't understand this continuing fascination with the question of 
authenticating/verifying/certification of users and mail servers.  I understand 
that it _sounds_ like it probably is a good idea, but it TRULY doesn't do very 
much to prevent (or intercept!) the sending of spam!

> In particular, I notice the following in the RFC:

> The list of codes that appears below MUST NOT be construed as
   permanent.  While the addition of new codes should be a rare and
   significant activity, with supplemental information in the textual
   part of the response being preferred, new codes may be added as the
   result of new Standards or Standards-track specifications.
   Consequently, a sender-SMTP MUST be prepared to handle codes not
   specified in this document and MUST do so by interpreting the first
   digit only.

That's okay, although (again) existing legacy software clearly won't be in a 
position to differentiate between old codes with the same first digit and new 
ones.

>  What if we added a code 320 or 453, I think, which means authenticate 
yourself to me?   Then sending MTA will then queue the message for 
retransmission later.

I don't much like in principle any schemes which give information to spammers... 
whether that be what they need to change to get messages through, or most 
anything else.

I also don't like schemes as a matter of principle which result in adding cost 
to the worldwide E-mail system, whether that be human customer service people, 
or bandwidth cost for retries, or worldwide inherent software complexity.  
Ultimately, that cost will be borne (one way or the other) by "normal users", 
folks like you and me.

>    The receiving MTA would then send a Turing-difficult test to the 
erstwhile sender of the message, such as a pointer to a graphic that the 
sending MTA has to read (e.g. 
http://www.commercialventvac.com/~jeffs/mail.jpg 
<http://www.commercialventvac.com/%7Ejeffs/mail.jpg>) or it could be all 
text that a human still has to parse for example

>   A         H    H     A      RRRR  DDDD     TTTTTTT EEEEEE     SSSSS 
TTTTTTT
  A A        H    H    A A     R   R D   D       T    E         S         T
 A   A       H    H   A   A    R   R D    D      T    E          SSSS     T
AAAAAAA      HHHHHH  AAAAAAA   RRRR  D    D      T    EEEE           S    T
A     A      H    H  A     A   R   R D   D       T    E        S    S     T
A     A      H    H  A     A   R   R DDDD        T    EEEEEEE   SSSS      T

> Or it could be a sound clip.

And what do you think that mailing list software (Yahoogroups, Majordomo, or 
whatever) is going to do with such stuff?

Or, as another example... one of my consulting clients sends (automated, direct 
from their back-end accounting system) E-mailed PDF file copies of invoices to 
their customers.  What's likely to happen to these kind of "human challenge" 
bouncebacks?

Answer... they're going to fall on the ground, much of the time.  I've gotten 
newsletters from several very unhappy publishers pointing out that they TRULY 
don't have time for such foolishness, and stating that they either ignore or 
unsubscribe users sending them back such nonsense.

As for your ASCII text thing above, that operates on several (likely invalid for 
some users) assumptions... one being that they have a 80-column (or more!) 
screen width, another that they're viewing the message with a fixed-width font, 
another being that their paragraphs don't automatically get "reformatted" (much 
the way the top of the "T" wrapped for me).

>  The sender of the message takes the test, and puts the answer in the 
subject field.  This message is sent to the receiving MTA.  The 
receiving MTA has to go through the message until it gets to the subject 
field so that it knows that this is a test and not a message.

Again, these schemes fall apart (badly) when you have large-scale (legitimate) 
mailers.  Yahoogroups for instance.

>  Once the sender has passed the test, then the receiver can add the 
sender to a white list which is under the control of the user.  I 
realize I am not very structured - this idea is somewhat half baked.  
The user would have three lists of addresses of correspondents: a white 
list, which can be passed without further testing; a blacklist, which 
can be rejected without further testing; and a graylist, which must be 
tested.  Whenever a new correspondent appears, they automatically are 
added to the graylist by the MTA.  If the user decides that this 
correspondent is a spammer, then they can add the user to the blacklist.

I don't much like that approach, because I don't think it's finely-grained 
enough.

I think what's important is that as a recipient, I expect and trust a given 
sender to send me a CERTAIN TYPE of stuff, and (maybe) nothing more exotic than 
that.  

I may subscribe to a newsletter that's sent in plain ASCII text, or (maybe) with 
limited HTML formatting. If I get an E-mail from (even the same From address, 
whether legitimate or spoofed) that sender that suddenly calls for Java 
scripting, or an ActiveX enclosure, or has a PIF or EXE or SCR file 
attachment... then I probably don't want to handle it the same way just because 
I know the sender and trust the stuff they USUALLY send to me.  I probably want 
to quarantine (or toss entirely) such questionable stuff.

And likewise, just because I got a (maybe spoofed) infected message from someone 
CLAIMING to be my trusted correspondent, doesn't mean that I want to change 
their status for the OTHER (legitimate) stuff they will continue to send me.

>   There are a couple of problems with this.  One is that the Turing 
difficult test is language dependent.  I am used to thinking in terms of 
a roman alphabet, but what if the receiver and the correspondent are 
Israeli or Arabic?    

Then presumably the test also works in the language the sender and recipient 
understand!!!  Obviously, if they're e-mailing each other, there presumably is 
SOME common language permitting communication.

> Another problem is that if the correspondent were 
to somehow learn that an address was on the receiver's white list, then 
the correspondent could send a message with that address.  

Yes, and some of these won't be a huge surprise, especially if the sender is a 
big sender and normally sends relatively exotic stuff.  To some degree, that's 
part of the cost of sending more exotic E-mails (even legitimately):  it 
increases the likelihood that they won't be reliably delivered.

But that's part of the reason why it's important to have a finely-grained 
"permissions list" approach rather than a (too!) simple white/grey/black list.

> The user response in that case would be to move that address from the white 
list back to the gray list.

If they can differentiate based on content, then there should be NO reason to 
NOT scan the "whitelisted" entries, just as for the "greylisted" ones.

>    The big advantage of this scheme is that it requires modification 
only to the receiving MTA and requires no changes to the UTAs.  My 
intuition tells me that there are far fewer MTAs than UTAs and since the 
MTAs are under the control of sysadmins and not users, it will be easier 
to update them.

That's very much a mixed bag, though.  The fact that the sysadmin is responsible 
means angry complaints by some po'd users, who will object to WHATEVER the 
settings are.  This is one of those cases, I think, where a user-based product 
is better, and allows them to set it up in JUST the way they prefer.
 
> So, I couple of questions:

> 1)  Does this sound like a good idea?

I've listed some of my comments on it.

> 2)  If it is a good idea, then what do we do next?

> 3) If it is a bad idea, then why is it a bad idea, and can it be fixed 
or is it hopeless?

It depends on how much "pounding" on it it takes while you're still taking that 
as "fixing" versus "redesign".  :-)

*I* think that a single-ended system, under the TOTAL control of the receiving 
user, is the way to go.  I like a finely-grained permission list where the 
recipient has a very narrow-mesh gauntlet that incoming mail must traverse (and 
without help from outside) in order to reach the Inbox, and where there's no 
feedback sent to the sender.

> I recognize that this is a variant on challenge/response, 

Right, and I consider that a non-starter in principle, since large scale mailers 
simply can't be bothered.

> but I missed most of the discussion of challenge/response and I am not sure I 
understand why it is not a good idea.

Hopefully some of this discussion has helped you to "get it".  :-)

Gordon Peterson                  http://personal.terabites.com/
1977-2002  Twenty-fifth anniversary year of Local Area Networking!
Support free and fair US elections!  http://stickers.defend-democracy.org
12/19/98: Partisan Republicans scornfully ignore the voters they "represent".
12/09/00: the date the Republican Party took down democracy in America.



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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Are we allowed to extend the SMTP protocol?
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At 4:12 PM -0700 5/9/04, Jeff Silverman wrote:
>[...]
>     The receiving MTA would then send a Turing-difficult test to the 
>erstwhile sender of the message,

How do you expect to figure out who that is?

>  such as a pointer to a graphic that the sending MTA has to read 
>(e.g. 
><http://www.commercialventvac.com/%7Ejeffs/mail.jpg>http://www.commercialventvac.com/~jeffs/mail.jpg) 
>or it could be all text that a human still has to parse for example
>
>    A         H    H     A      RRRR  DDDD     TTTTTTT EEEEEE     SSSSS TTTTTTT
>   A A        H    H    A A     R   R D   D       T    E         S         T
>  A   A       H    H   A   A    R   R D    D      T    E          SSSS     T
>AAAAAAA      HHHHHH  AAAAAAA   RRRR  D    D      T    EEEE           S    T
>A     A      H    H  A     A   R   R D   D       T    E        S    S     T
>A     A      H    H  A     A   R   R DDDD        T    EEEEEEE   SSSS      T


You are quite completely wrong in assuming that a human is needed to 
parse that.

As for the images that are used by some operations now (like Yahoo) 
to determine humanity, the spammers have already figured out how to 
harness humans to solve them unwittingly. Some people will do 
practically anything for pornography.

Of course, you also run right in to issues of what blind people would 
do. If you think there are no blind people using email, you are again 
quite completely wrong.


>Or it could be a sound clip.

An even more naive idea. To the point of qualifying for words like 'stupid.'

Anyone who can see and display a JPEG image can type back in a 
character string as long as it sticks to a limited character set like 
the mailsafe 64, but identifying a sound is impossible to people with 
bad hearing and probably to anyone who does not share a specific 
dialect with the test administrator.


>   The sender of the message takes the test, and puts the answer in 
>the subject field.  This message is sent to the receiving MTA.  The 
>receiving MTA has to go through the message until it gets to the 
>subject field so that it knows that this is a test and not a message.
>
>     Once the sender has passed the test, then the receiver can add 
>the sender to a white list which is under the control of the user. 
>I realize I am not very structured - this idea is somewhat half 
>baked.  The user would have three lists of addresses of 
>correspondents: a white list, which can be passed without further 
>testing; a blacklist, which can be rejected without further testing; 
>and a graylist, which must be tested.  Whenever a new correspondent 
>appears, they automatically are added to the graylist by the MTA. 
>If the user decides that this correspondent is a spammer, then they 
>can add the user to the blacklist.
>
>
>     There are a couple of problems with this.  One is that the 
>Turing difficult test is language dependent.  I am used to thinking 
>in terms of a roman alphabet, but what if the receiver and the 
>correspondent are Israeli or Arabic?    Another problem is that if 
>the correspondent were to somehow learn that an address was on the 
>receiver's white list, then the correspondent could send a message 
>with that address.  The user response in that case would be to move 
>that address from the white list back to the gray list.
>
>     The big advantage of this scheme is that it requires 
>modification only to the receiving MTA and requires no changes to 
>the UTAs.  My intuition tells me that there are far fewer MTAs than 
>UTAs and since the MTAs are under the control of sysadmins and not 
>users, it will be easier to update them.
>
>
>
>So, I couple of questions:
>
>1)  Does this sound like a good idea?

It's an OLD idea which has proven in practice to be garbage.

What you are talking about is generally referred to as a 
'challenge/response authentication protocol' and the acronym is 
fitting. I have received dozens of those challenges in the past year 
for mail I never sent along with hundreds of normal bounces from mail 
systems which accepted mail with my address in the envelope

ONE such challenge to any mail hitting my private domain is adequate 
for me to never accept a second piece of mail from that system again. 
If such a mechanism became anything like a standard practice, I'd 
abandon email.

>2)  If it is a good idea, then what do we do next?

Drive a stake through its heart so it stops rising from the dead 
every time someone new starts thinking shallowly about how to stop 
spam.

>3) If it is a bad idea, then why is it a bad idea, and can it be 
>fixed or is it hopeless?

Hopeless.

>I recognize that this is a variant on challenge/response, but I 
>missed most of the discussion of challenge/response and I am not 
>sure I understand why it is not a good idea.

The archives are open. Years of discussion in comp.mail.* and 
news.admin.net-abuse.email are open through Google. Read them. If 
reading the prior discussions of challenge/response ideas and 
implementations fails to convince you that it is an unsalvageably bad 
idea, come back and explain how it can be implemented so as to NOT 
generate robotic, bulk, unsolicited email in my mailbox.

There are language dependencies, technology dependencies, and human 
ability dependencies. Each is fatal in itself. The recent past of 
people adopting these sorts of measures for other media like websites 
(where those flaws are  subject to some mitigation) has led to an 
attack which is intrinsically impossible to overcome: the entity 
seeking to automate the test merely hooks the tests up to a proxy 
system fronted by something that he can draw a lot of human eyes to, 
such as a free porn site. There's no clear way around this.


-- 
Bill Cole                                  
bill@scconsult.com


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At 4:12 PM -0700 5/9/04, Jeff Silverman wrote:
>[...]
>     The receiving MTA would then send a Turing-difficult test to the 
>erstwhile sender of the message,

How do you expect to figure out who that is?

>  such as a pointer to a graphic that the sending MTA has to read 
>(e.g. 
><http://www.commercialventvac.com/%7Ejeffs/mail.jpg>http://www.commercialventvac.com/~jeffs/mail.jpg) 
>or it could be all text that a human still has to parse for example
>
>    A         H    H     A      RRRR  DDDD     TTTTTTT EEEEEE     SSSSS TTTTTTT
>   A A        H    H    A A     R   R D   D       T    E         S         T
>  A   A       H    H   A   A    R   R D    D      T    E          SSSS     T
>AAAAAAA      HHHHHH  AAAAAAA   RRRR  D    D      T    EEEE           S    T
>A     A      H    H  A     A   R   R D   D       T    E        S    S     T
>A     A      H    H  A     A   R   R DDDD        T    EEEEEEE   SSSS      T


You are quite completely wrong in assuming that a human is needed to 
parse that.

As for the images that are used by some operations now (like Yahoo) 
to determine humanity, the spammers have already figured out how to 
harness humans to solve them unwittingly. Some people will do 
practically anything for pornography.

Of course, you also run right in to issues of what blind people would 
do. If you think there are no blind people using email, you are again 
quite completely wrong.


>Or it could be a sound clip.

An even more naive idea. To the point of qualifying for words like 'stupid.'

Anyone who can see and display a JPEG image can type back in a 
character string as long as it sticks to a limited character set like 
the mailsafe 64, but identifying a sound is impossible to people with 
bad hearing and probably to anyone who does not share a specific 
dialect with the test administrator.


>   The sender of the message takes the test, and puts the answer in 
>the subject field.  This message is sent to the receiving MTA.  The 
>receiving MTA has to go through the message until it gets to the 
>subject field so that it knows that this is a test and not a message.
>
>     Once the sender has passed the test, then the receiver can add 
>the sender to a white list which is under the control of the user. 
>I realize I am not very structured - this idea is somewhat half 
>baked.  The user would have three lists of addresses of 
>correspondents: a white list, which can be passed without further 
>testing; a blacklist, which can be rejected without further testing; 
>and a graylist, which must be tested.  Whenever a new correspondent 
>appears, they automatically are added to the graylist by the MTA. 
>If the user decides that this correspondent is a spammer, then they 
>can add the user to the blacklist.
>
>
>     There are a couple of problems with this.  One is that the 
>Turing difficult test is language dependent.  I am used to thinking 
>in terms of a roman alphabet, but what if the receiver and the 
>correspondent are Israeli or Arabic?    Another problem is that if 
>the correspondent were to somehow learn that an address was on the 
>receiver's white list, then the correspondent could send a message 
>with that address.  The user response in that case would be to move 
>that address from the white list back to the gray list.
>
>     The big advantage of this scheme is that it requires 
>modification only to the receiving MTA and requires no changes to 
>the UTAs.  My intuition tells me that there are far fewer MTAs than 
>UTAs and since the MTAs are under the control of sysadmins and not 
>users, it will be easier to update them.
>
>
>
>So, I couple of questions:
>
>1)  Does this sound like a good idea?

It's an OLD idea which has proven in practice to be garbage.

What you are talking about is generally referred to as a 
'challenge/response authentication protocol' and the acronym is 
fitting. I have received dozens of those challenges in the past year 
for mail I never sent along with hundreds of normal bounces from mail 
systems which accepted mail with my address in the envelope

ONE such challenge to any mail hitting my private domain is adequate 
for me to never accept a second piece of mail from that system again. 
If such a mechanism became anything like a standard practice, I'd 
abandon email.

>2)  If it is a good idea, then what do we do next?

Drive a stake through its heart so it stops rising from the dead 
every time someone new starts thinking shallowly about how to stop 
spam.

>3) If it is a bad idea, then why is it a bad idea, and can it be 
>fixed or is it hopeless?

Hopeless.

>I recognize that this is a variant on challenge/response, but I 
>missed most of the discussion of challenge/response and I am not 
>sure I understand why it is not a good idea.

The archives are open. Years of discussion in comp.mail.* and 
news.admin.net-abuse.email are open through Google. Read them. If 
reading the prior discussions of challenge/response ideas and 
implementations fails to convince you that it is an unsalvageably bad 
idea, come back and explain how it can be implemented so as to NOT 
generate robotic, bulk, unsolicited email in my mailbox.

There are language dependencies, technology dependencies, and human 
ability dependencies. Each is fatal in itself. The recent past of 
people adopting these sorts of measures for other media like websites 
(where those flaws are  subject to some mitigation) has led to an 
attack which is intrinsically impossible to overcome: the entity 
seeking to automate the test merely hooks the tests up to a proxy 
system fronted by something that he can draw a lot of human eyes to, 
such as a free porn site. There's no clear way around this.


-- 
Bill Cole                                  
bill@scconsult.com


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I received two copies of the list message, differing most notably in
their From: headers:

> From: Bill Cole <grsa@billmail.scconsult.com>
> From: Bill Cole <grsa@vbillmail.scconsult.com.cnri.reston.va.us>

Perhaps someone is looping list mail back, mangling the From:?

> Of course, you also run right in to issues of what blind people would
> do.  If you think there are no blind people using email, you are
> again quite completely wrong.

I even know two of them.  One I know better as a mud user, but he also
does email; he uses a speech synth.  The other one has a Braille
"display".

>> Or it could be a sound clip.

Deaf people.  Or people with a visual, but not auditory, comprehension
of the language in question (such as me, if the language were French).
Or, as someone pointed out upthread, people with _no_ comprehension of
the language you challenge in.

> Anyone who can see and display a JPEG image can type back in a
> character string as long as it sticks to a limited character set like
> the mailsafe 64,

...but even that is severely limiting.  It assumes that the human is
still online when the message delivery is attempted (no more queueing
at and retrying by the sender's smarthost) and it assumes that the
person is using equipment capable of graphics.  For example, if I'm on
the road with my laptop, it would cut me out entirely.

It also assumes the human is willing to jump through your silly hoops,
something which runs counter to experience.

> but identifying a sound is impossible to people with bad hearing and
> probably to anyone who does not share a specific dialect with the
> test administrator.

English is my mother tongue and I had someone forward me a soundclip (a
recording of the Powerpuff Girls intro - "Blossom, commander and the
leader, ..." - and I couldn't tell what Bubbles was being called until
I googled for the parts I could make out.

It took me years of listening to Manic Monday (Bangles) until I managed
to convert the sounds making up the line "kissin' Valentino by a
crystal-blue Italian stream" into a coherent sequence of words.

And I'm even less capable of playing sound clips than I am of
displaying images.

/~\ The ASCII				der Mouse
\ / Ribbon Campaign
 X  Against HTML	       mouse@rodents.montreal.qc.ca
/ \ Email!	     7D C8 61 52 5D E7 2D 39  4E F1 31 3E E8 B3 27 4B

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At 9:31 PM -0400 5/10/04, der Mouse wrote:
>I received two copies of the list message, differing most notably in
>their From: headers:
>
>>  From: Bill Cole <grsa@billmail.scconsult.com>
>>  From: Bill Cole <grsa@vbillmail.scconsult.com.cnri.reston.va.us>
>
>Perhaps someone is looping list mail back, mangling the From:?

No, I mangled the From myself early today, and have no idea how the 
one with the errant 'v' ever made it to the list at all, much less 
with that wild additional domain added. My only guess is some 
resolver/nameserver combo somewhere that tacks on a cnri.reston.va.us 
to every query and has a wildcard in that zone.




-- 
Bill Cole
bill@scconsult.com


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From: Dave Crocker <dhc@dcrocker.net>
Reply-To: Dave Crocker <dcrocker@brandenburg.com>
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Larry,

LS> Basically, I can't believe the schedule on this thing. And since a high % of the
LS> discussion is always off thepoint or outside the formal agenda, there won't be all that
LS> much discussion going into this very important standard. 

My view is that the schedule was set with a very good understanding of
the implications in being so aggressive.

People do aggressive, successful projects all the time and that includes
many of the folks involved in Marid.

What is essential in meeting such dates with anything useful is reducing
the scope of the effort and making choices that are easy to understand
and that seem very likely to do something useful.

Of course "something useful" can be far more modest than "solve the
entire problem".  But I lie.  "Can be" is wrong.  "Must be" is right.

Small, incremental steps are often a way to solve a large, complicated
problem. The difference between such steps and "experiments" depends on
the nature of the steps. If the steps are small and straightforward
enough to be easy to understand, and seem likely to do _something_
useful, then the only thing "experimental" about the step is how much it
will help solve the larger problem.

At worst, you are left with a new capability that has some utility.

d/
--
 Dave Crocker <mailto:dcrocker@brandenburg.com>
 Brandenburg InternetWorking <http://www.brandenburg.com>
 Sunnyvale, CA  USA <tel:+1.408.246.8253>, <fax:+1.866.358.5301>


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From: "Hallam-Baker, Phillip" <pbaker@verisign.com>
To: "'Dave Crocker'" <dcrocker@brandenburg.com>
Cc: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: RE: [Asrg] We got some stinging criticism
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> What is essential in meeting such dates with anything useful 
> is reducing
> the scope of the effort and making choices that are easy to understand
> and that seem very likely to do something useful.

You will probably find that the number of people disagreeing here is
similar to the number that would disagree on such issues as motherhood
apple pie etc. 

Equally there is a point where the scope of effort is reduced to 
the point where the work product does not have sufficient value.

If the IETF delivers a work product at the end of MARID that is
considered inadequate it will not be allowed a second chance.
The standard will be set in another forum.

Reducing the changes to the Internet to meet your personal
comfort level is not a sustainable strategy. 


> At worst, you are left with a new capability that has some utility.

That is far from the worst outcome possible here.

The Internet community was told spam was beneath the IETF for eight 
years, then we were told that it was a long term research problem and 
only after SPF or CallerID looked like succeeding without IETF 
endorsement did anything happen.

If you can convince people that a simple solution will work
better that is one thing, if you are simply going to try to
protect a failed 20 year old protocol design then get a clue.
The time for procrastination and examining the fundamental
navel here passed four years ago.

		Phill

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Has anyone been approached about this? Should we seek to get Yakov or
someone else in attendance as a subject matter expert?

(For those not following the governance debates this is part of ITU's
lead up to the World Summit on Information Society Internet governance
discussions)



ITU WSIS Thematic Meeting on Countering Spam, Geneva, 7-9 July 2004

Information about the meeting says the discussion will be structured=20
around five main themes:

- Scope of the problem
- Technical solutions
- Consumer and small business education and awareness
- Legislation and Enforcement
- International cooperation


See <http://www.itu.int/osg/spu/spam/> (general information)

and

<http://www.itu.int/osg/spu/spam/meeting7-9-04/index.html> (more
specific)


Ian Peter
Senior Partner
Ian Peter and Associates Pty Ltd
P.O. Box 10670 Adelaide St
Brisbane 4000 Australia
Tel (617) 3870 1181
Mobile (614) 1966 7772



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Organization: SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc.
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This is the first I have heard about it. I forwarded the message to the IAB.

Yakov

Ian Peter wrote:
> Has anyone been approached about this? Should we seek to get Yakov or
> someone else in attendance as a subject matter expert?
> 
> (For those not following the governance debates this is part of ITU's
> lead up to the World Summit on Information Society Internet governance
> discussions)
> 
> 
> 
> ITU WSIS Thematic Meeting on Countering Spam, Geneva, 7-9 July 2004
> 
> Information about the meeting says the discussion will be structured 
> around five main themes:
> 
> - Scope of the problem
> - Technical solutions
> - Consumer and small business education and awareness
> - Legislation and Enforcement
> - International cooperation
> 
> 
> See <http://www.itu.int/osg/spu/spam/> (general information)
> 
> and
> 
> <http://www.itu.int/osg/spu/spam/meeting7-9-04/index.html> (more
> specific)
> 
> 

--
Yakov Shafranovich / asrg <at> shaftek.org
SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc. / research <at> solidmatrix.com
"Some lies are easier to believe than the truth" (Dune)

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> The Internet community was told spam was beneath the IETF for eight
> years, then we were told that it was a long term research problem and
> only after SPF or CallerID looked like succeeding without IETF
> endorsement did anything happen.

You appear to think that someone is going to be able to impose
something like SPF or its ilk.  The closest you'll get to this is some
cabal like AOL/Microsoft/Yahoo/etc refusing to talk with anyone who
doesn't - in which case I for one will be quite firmly on the "doesn't"
side; A/M/Y/etc bring a fairly large negative value to my mailbox and I
would love it if they would go away.

SPF won't stop spam.  CallerID won't stop spam.  All they'll do is make
it a little more traceable, right back to the zombie which handed the
message to its outgoing smarthost - basically what we already have now.
It will put a dent in it briefly, which will be trumpeted as a great
success, a dent which will last just long enough for spamware authors
to update their products to send to smarthost instead of direct to
target MX; new code will roll out and it will be business as usual.

Nothing but action by the providers hosting the zombie armies will stop
spam, and probably even that won't truly _stop_ spam (though if the
large providers were to somehow miraculously get a collective clue and
take effective action, they could reduce it to tolerable levels).

/~\ The ASCII				der Mouse
\ / Ribbon Campaign
 X  Against HTML	       mouse@rodents.montreal.qc.ca
/ \ Email!	     7D C8 61 52 5D E7 2D 39  4E F1 31 3E E8 B3 27 4B

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	from der Mouse on Wed, 12 May 2004 20:39:30 -0400 (EDT))
Subject: Re: [Asrg] We got some stinging criticism
References: <C6DDA43B91BFDA49AA2F1E473732113E5DBC6D@mou1wnexm05.vcorp.ad.vrsn.com> <200405130102.VAA18048@Sparkle.Rodents.Montreal.QC.CA>
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der Mouse <mouse@Rodents.Montreal.QC.CA> wrote:

> You appear to think that someone is going to be able to impose
> something like SPF or its ilk.  The closest you'll get to this is
> some cabal like AOL/Microsoft/Yahoo/etc refusing to talk with anyone
> who doesn't - in which case I for one will be quite firmly on the
> "doesn't" side; A/M/Y/etc bring a fairly large negative value to my
> mailbox and I would love it if they would go away.

They'll only impose it for _receiving_ email; they'll publish it for
sending, but you can ignore it if you want.

So what you lose by not publishing it would be the ability to send
email to their users.

> SPF won't stop spam.  CallerID won't stop spam.  All they'll do is
> make it a little more traceable, right back to the zombie which
> handed the message to its outgoing smarthost - basically what we
> already have now.  It will put a dent in it briefly, which will be
> trumpeted as a great success, a dent which will last just long
> enough for spamware authors to update their products to send to
> smarthost instead of direct to target MX; new code will roll out and
> it will be business as usual.

Except that it will be easier for ISPs to block spam that comes
through their smarthost, and they'll have more interest in doing so as
the smarthost itself gets blocked for emitting spam.

> Nothing but action by the providers hosting the zombie armies will
> stop spam, and probably even that won't truly _stop_ spam (though if
> the large providers were to somehow miraculously get a collective
> clue and take effective action, they could reduce it to tolerable
> levels).

Yes, that would be best.  But in _this_ universe, they're mostly not
going to do anything until it costs them more not to act than to act.

Seth

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Subject: Re: [Asrg] We got some stinging criticism
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On Wed, 12 May 2004, der Mouse wrote:

> > The Internet community was told spam was beneath the IETF for eight
> > years, then we were told that it was a long term research problem and
> > only after SPF or CallerID looked like succeeding without IETF
> > endorsement did anything happen.
> 
> You appear to think that someone is going to be able to impose
> something like SPF or its ilk.  The closest you'll get to this is some
> cabal like AOL/Microsoft/Yahoo/etc refusing to talk with anyone who
> doesn't - in which case I for one will be quite firmly on the "doesn't"
> side; A/M/Y/etc bring a fairly large negative value to my mailbox and I
> would love it if they would go away.

Well, I'd love it if everybody stop using windows and switched to linux 
but lets be realistic...

> SPF won't stop spam.  CallerID won't stop spam.  All they'll do is make
> it a little more traceable, right back to the zombie which handed the
> message to its outgoing smarthost - basically what we already have now.

No, neither SPF not CallerID will have any serious effect traceability of 
spam by ip, they are not designed to do it at all. The only value in 
SPF and CallerID and similar proposals is to stop spammers from forging 
your own domain (joe-jobs) and banks and other important companies domains
(phishing) which might cut a little into criminal spammers revenue.

> It will put a dent in it briefly, which will be trumpeted as a great
> success, 
Doubt that. The adaption can not happen that quickly as to allow to see
any results right away. Additionally the results are rather small as far 
as spam itself is concerned, rather the results would be that spam filters 
would have easier time picking up phishing scam emails, but out of all 
spam, such emails account for < 5% of total and as such eventhough they 
do greater damage to people who might fall for it, they will not be seen 
in the whole context of increasing amount of different sort of spam that 
people will continue to see in their mailbox.

Additionally given even most optimistic adaption rate of 25% of actively 
used domains within 12 months, it gives enough time for spammers to adapt
as number of spammers is LOT smaller (on the scale of 1:100,000) then 
number of mail server operators as well as number of spamware programs is 
smaller then number of mail servers, but more important spamware writers
are quicker to adapt given how much money they get paid by largest spammers
(they only need to have couple large spammers pay them to have enough
monetory incentive to implement new feature where as for antispammer 
software writers they need thousands to pay)

>a dent which will last just long enough for spamware authors
> to update their products to send to smarthost instead of direct to
> target MX; new code will roll out and it will be business as usual.
They don't need to do it at all. All they need to do is to either forge 
domains that do not have LMAP records (i.e. add code in their spamware
to do quick search for domains that don't have it before forging something)
or even to enter their own LMAP records using some throw-away domains
(nothing new to spammers, they have good skills at creating through-away
domains for spammer-advertised websites where lusers actually place orders)

> Nothing but action by the providers hosting the zombie armies will stop
> spam, and probably even that won't truly _stop_ spam (though if the
> large providers were to somehow miraculously get a collective clue and
> take effective action, they could reduce it to tolerable levels).
Agree completely.

And as I noted one way to work on this as part of that is to identify which
ip blocks are used by lusers who are very unlikely to be running mail 
server. i.e. MTA-MARK proposal or some kind of variant of that that puts
LMAP or like records in IN-ADDR space. Unlike every other LMAP proposal this
really does have potential to stop sizable amount of spam and it can 
happen quickly enough that spammers may not be able to adapt immediatly
as to have noticable effect of ever 25% all that would be needed is that
5 out of 10 largest dsl/cable providers enter these records and convincing
5 providers to enter something into dns is a lot easier and can happen
a LOT quicker then when we wait for same to happen to 1 million domains.

-- 
William Leibzon
Elan Networks
william@elan.net


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Subject: [Asrg] May I summarize this conversation, please?  Rev "A"
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People,

   I'd like to take a moment and review what I think we've learned from 
these discussions.  I am not even going to try to figure out who gets 
credit for what.  Please correct me if I am wrong.  I'd like to thank 
everybody who contacted me and set me straight.

   There seem to be three approaches to dealing with SPAM.  One approach 
solves the problem by solving four subproblems: identification, 
authentication, authorization, and trust.  Another approach solves the 
problem by some sort of lexical and/or semantical analysis of the 
message itself.  Yet another approach solves the problem by raising the 
cost of sending a message.  There seems to be no consensus on which 
approach is "best", and in fact a solution might be a combination of 
approaches.

* We can uniquely identify the sender of a mail message using their 
E-mail address and their MTA host name and/or MTA IP address.     

* However, we cannot authenticate that a message actually came from the 
person the message identifies as the sender.  This is so for a couple of 
reasons: 1) SMTP makes no guarantee that the sender identification is 
either honest or accurate. 2) a corrupt or incompetent MTA sysadmin can 
break any system that we care to implement.  3) My intuition tells me 
that a corrupt or incompetent UTA sysadmin can break any system, if 
through no other method than telnetting to the MTA port 25.  I think we 
are in agreement that this situation will not change without changing 
the SMTP and we are very, very reluctant to do that for what are good 
reasons.

* Several methods of authorizing messages have been proposed or 
implemented.   These methods can be grouped into internal examination 
methods and external examination methods.  Internal examination methods 
include keyword recognition systems, statistical analysis systems, 
Bayesian analysis, reputation systems, and other techniques that border 
on A.I.  External examination methods include whitelists, blacklists, 
challenge/response mechanisms, and counting sent/received message ratios.

* A trusted system or component is one with the power to break one's 
security policy.  I think we have decided that we cannot trust the 
sender of an E_mail message.  I think we are reluctant to trust an 
impartial third party e.g. Verisign because of concerns that the third 
party will not be trustworthy in any of a number of ways.  Also, 
communicating that trust from system to system is problematical.  Think 
about something like kerberos, on a planetary scale.  Ideally, the trust 
mechanism should be in the receiver's MTA.  Since an MTA can handle a 
lot of messages, the computational cost should be low.

* That we are reluctant to change the SMTP and that we cannot trust the 
senders at all strongly suggests that the solution to the SPAM problem 
is in the receiving MTA (or possibly the receiving UTA).  This is a very 
unsatisfactory conclusion because the cost of dealing with SPAM is born 
by the receivers; there seems to be no way to shift the cost to the 
senders.  Proposals to raise the cost of sending E-mail using e-postage 
are rejected because it is hard to see how such schemes could be 
implemented without changing the SMTP; and it raises issues of trust: 
anybody could claim to be an MTA and demand a bunch of your postage.

We've had several (frustrating at times) discussions about some good 
ideas that do not work.  Whitelists and blacklists suffer from the 
problems of insufficient granularity, timeliness, and the fact that 
spammers frequently create new identities.  If we could solve the 
authentication problem, then blacklists and whitelists might work, 
especially if there was a mechanism by which the lists could be 
automatically maintained between the MTA and the UTA.  The problem with 
authentication is that it increases the costs on the sending side.  This 
seems to me to be A Good Thing, but it was criticized.

Internal examination methods tend to be compute intensive, and examining 
a message to see if it is spam is computationally expensive and 
unreliable.  This could be dealt with by moving the SPAM inspection 
function from the MTA to the UTA.  Internal examination relies on the 
idea that certain words and phrases are diagnostic of SPAM, e.g. "Trust 
me" and "v.agra".  So the spammer can increase the cost on the receivers 
side by using "v.agra", "v,agra", "v;agra", etc.   Furthermore, a 
spammer could run his/her message through the internal examination 
system, and modify the text until it was accepted as not spam.
Challenge/Response was rejected because it was perceived as being hard 
for the visually challenged, it has language issues, and it is not 
obvious how to implement it without changing the SMTP.
Reputation systems were rejected (I think that is the consensus) because 
it is not clear that past behavior is a good predictor of future 
behavior: the Russell Chicken scenario.  Also, crooks sometimes go 
straight.

External methods such as looking at the ratio of sent messages to 
received messages were rejected because they required trusting an 
external system.  For example, a spammer could claim that although he 
had sent millions of messages, he had also received millions of 
messages, so he's not a spammer, he's just busy.  Discrepencies between 
the return address as stated in the HELO or ELHO message and the actual 
source IP address cannot be the sole criteria for accepting/rejecting a 
message because some ISPs separate the sending and receiving functions 
for load leveling purposes.

Multiple indicators have been proposed, but I do not understand how they 
would work in practice.  Graylists?  If the internal examination system 
felt there was a high probability of spam and the sender has a 
reputation for sending spam, then probably the message is spam.  But if 
we cannot authenticate that the spammer is who he or she says he or she 
is, then is the reputation meaningful?  What if the internal examination 
system and the external examination system disagree?  And does multiple 
indicators have sufficient accuracy in prediction to justify the extra 
cost of calculation?

One of my critics asked, rhetorically I think, why so many workers are 
enthralled with sender authentication.  I think the question is fair, 
and I've been thinking about it.  While I cannot speak for anybody else, 
the reason why I am interested in sender authentication is, as a 
practicing sysadmin, I think in terms of 
identification/authentication/authorization.  When a user logs in with a 
username, that identifies the user.  Any of you are welcome to try 
logging in to the jeff account on www.commercialventvac.com.  When the 
user feeds the system his or her password, that authenticates the user.  
None of you know my password, so you cannot be authenticated as me.    
However, the contents of /etc/passwd or the NIS password table are what 
authorizes the user to do whatever the user can do.  So if I am 
identified as jeff and authenticated as jeff, I am still forbidden to do 
anything to aaron (unless aaron authorizes me by changing permissions on 
his files).  E-mail is the only protocol I am aware of where the 
ostensibly human receiver is connected to the server.  In most 
protocols, the ostensibly human receiver is connected to the client; and 
there is a mechanism for authenticating clients.  The mechanism might 
not be very good (e.g. FTP and telnet require sending passwords over the 
wire "in clear")  but SMTP is noteworthy for lacking any authentication 
at all.

Finally, because there are trust issues, we do not want to give any 
particular entity a monopoly on the system.  Furthermore, if there are 
"secrets" inside the system, eventually they will be discovered and 
published.  So the system must be open.

To summarize, we want to invent a system which runs on the receiving MTA 
or possibly UTA, which will positively identify incoming E-mail messages 
as either SPAM or not using some (set of ) criteria to be developed.  
This system must interoperate with existing MTAs.  The system must be 
"open" in the sense that it is unencombered by patents or copyrights 
(the GPL or the BSD license is acceptable). 


Sincerely yours,



Jeff



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To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] May I summarize this conversation, please?  Rev "A"
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> I'd like to take a moment and review [...]

This is mostly a very good summary.  As probably one of the more
opinionated of the discussants (disputants?), for well over 100 lines I
see nothing I disagree with.  Then at the very end....

> The system must be "open" in the sense that it is unencombered by
> patents or copyrights (the GPL or the BSD license is acceptable).

Enh.  Speak for yourself.  For me, the system must be unencumbered;
it's acceptable for an _implementation_ of it to be under the GPL or a
BSD copyright, or any other for that matter, but for the system itself
to be encumbered, even in such a way, is not.  At least to me.  (I
might be convinced to accept a three-clause BSD license, but even that
would take convincing.  And I'm not sure the GPL as I've usually seen
it _could_ apply to the system itself, as opposed to an implementation
of it.  Certainly the polemic at the beginning wouldn't apply.)

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Subject: Re: [Asrg] May I summarize this conversation, please?  Rev "A"
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On 13/05/04 00:02 -0700, Jeff Silverman wrote:
<snip>
> One of my critics asked, rhetorically I think, why so many workers are 
> enthralled with sender authentication.  I think the question is fair, 
I have a slightly different viewpoint to this.
There are two main points to sender authentication:

1> It can increase the level of granularity of the consent level of the
recipient. Instead of saying "my MTA will accept mail from system foo", it
says "my MTA will accept mail from authenticated users bar and baz".
This tends to support a whitelisting approach.

1a) This limits the amount of "collateral damage" possible, even with ISP
smarthosts.
1b) It also reduces the burden on ISPs who now have to kick off spammers.
Instead they can ignore the spammers and let everyone else block only
those addresses.
While 1a is good, 1b is a significant disadvantage.
1a also has a small problem. What happens to the case where there is a
multirecipient message and one of the recipients wishes to accept the
mail, but one wishes to reject it? Since SMTP does not have per
recipient response codes, there is no way of communicating the consent
of a single recipient to a sender.

2> Since spam is a social problem, we have to use social mechanisms
against the spammers. With an authenticated sender, it is reasonable to
be able to point at the headers in a court of law and claim that the
sender is actually the spammer. This reduces the chance of being falsely
implicated in a lawsuit. With sender authentication, usable legal
measures can be pressed for.

You have implied the second, but missed the first.

<snip>
> his files).  E-mail is the only protocol I am aware of where the 
> ostensibly human receiver is connected to the server.  In most 
> protocols, the ostensibly human receiver is connected to the client; and 
> there is a mechanism for authenticating clients.  The mechanism might 
And this just as often raises the question of stolen and broken
passwords. While strong AAA works very well as a deterrent in a
corporate environment, there is a different issue on the Internet, where
there are more parties involved.

	recipient 
	( contract ) 
	recipient's ISP 	[Problem with spam is here]
	(no contract) 		<---- This is the crux of the issue.
	sender's ISP 		[The fix is here]
	( contract ) 		<---- enforcement solves issues (?)
	sender.

Even with strong AAA, nothing will happen if the sender's ISP does not
terminate the spammers connectivity.
<snip>

Devdas Bhagat

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This just got posted to the ID archive:

http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-bonatti-generic-antispam-00.txt

Yakov
--
Yakov Shafranovich / asrg <at> shaftek.org
SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc. / research <at> solidmatrix.com
"Some lies are easier to believe than the truth" (Dune)

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> Nothing but action by the providers hosting the zombie armies will stop

   What about getting MS to close the holes that allow the 'Zombie 
armies' to be turned into zombies in the first place?  Of course, after 
reading about all the variants of the "CoolWebSearch worm" and the 
various dll and css sheets it puts various places - I think that may be 
hopeless, short of MS just rewriting Windows from the bottom up, with 
security and *user notification* in mind (NOTHING should be able to 
change the default CSS sheet, or put something into my TCP/IP stack 
(Windock LSP)  without my knowledge)

Jim


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> they're mostly not going to do anything until it costs them more not 
> to act than to act.

   What if one could somehow bring the router manufacturers interested?  
If any spam solution is to really work, it should dramatically decrease 
the amount of Internet traffic flying through the routers, and 
conversely, increase the amount of capacity for legitimate applications 
(whatever those may be - anything but spam..)  If they could make that 
case to ISPs, business, governments (?), and possibly even end-users 
that some combination of legislation and technical change could 
dramatically increase the speed and efficiency of the internet, it 
could have some effect.  What effect, I'm not sure.  But talking about 
the "costs of spam" (other than e-postage, which has been roundly 
criticized here), one very real cost is on infrastructure.

   Of course, it's not clear how much end-ISP users will really care 
about this as long as high-speed DSL in the US is not widely in use 
(last mile is the limiting factor - I'm comparing "high-speed" with 
places like Singapore, where I've heard they have something like 10Mbps 
connections for half the population for prices comparable to dial-up in 
the US).  But businesses and universities (with fat pipes), ISP's (who 
have to run mail servers and deal with all this crap coming off the 
backbone), research institutions (those that aren't using Abilene which 
isn't affected by spam as far as I know) *might* just care about such 
an argument.  Although, the "this will reduce your bandwidth and 
infrastructure costs" argument is possibly contrary to the financial 
interests of the Cisco's of the world.


Jim Witte
jswitte@bloomington.in.us
Indiana University CS


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Router manufacturers benefit from larger amount of traffic on the net - 
the more traffic there is, the more equipment they can seel to ISPs.

If anything, the point about decreasing traffic and unnecessary load 
capacity on the net can be made to ISPs and they do already know that, 
its the question that real protection against zombie is not that simple, 
ISPs would need to have additional equipment that will redirect all
traffic from port 25 to their own relay servers and then they also
have to actually maintain their relay servers as well as put protection
so that one user could not send too many emails (i.e. when computer gets 
infected and becomes a zombie) as well as notification system to let
the users know their computer is a zombie and customer support to at
least give them some simple suggestions on what to do (i.e. dump windows, 
install linux and we'll help you on the way :). In any case, when you 
think about it, you'll realize that ISP steps to deal with zombies is not 
a simple process and can be quite expensive for ISPs. At the same time 
when I asked once on the isp forum how many would be willing to mark their 
dialup and dsl ports as non-mta end-user ports primarily if this would 
help decrease spam - most said they would be happy to do it if this was 
something that is no more complex then reverse dns.

On Thu, 13 May 2004, Jim Witte wrote:

> > they're mostly not going to do anything until it costs them more not 
> > to act than to act.
> 
>    What if one could somehow bring the router manufacturers interested?  
> If any spam solution is to really work, it should dramatically decrease 
> the amount of Internet traffic flying through the routers, and 
> conversely, increase the amount of capacity for legitimate applications 
> (whatever those may be - anything but spam..)  If they could make that 
> case to ISPs, business, governments (?), and possibly even end-users 
> that some combination of legislation and technical change could 
> dramatically increase the speed and efficiency of the internet, it 
> could have some effect.  What effect, I'm not sure.  But talking about 
> the "costs of spam" (other than e-postage, which has been roundly 
> criticized here), one very real cost is on infrastructure.
> 
>    Of course, it's not clear how much end-ISP users will really care 
> about this as long as high-speed DSL in the US is not widely in use 
> (last mile is the limiting factor - I'm comparing "high-speed" with 
> places like Singapore, where I've heard they have something like 10Mbps 
> connections for half the population for prices comparable to dial-up in 
> the US).  But businesses and universities (with fat pipes), ISP's (who 
> have to run mail servers and deal with all this crap coming off the 
> backbone), research institutions (those that aren't using Abilene which 
> isn't affected by spam as far as I know) *might* just care about such 
> an argument.  Although, the "this will reduce your bandwidth and 
> infrastructure costs" argument is possibly contrary to the financial 
> interests of the Cisco's of the world.
> 
> Jim Witte
> jswitte@bloomington.in.us
> Indiana University CS
> 
> 
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg
> 


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From: John Levine <asrg@johnlevine.com>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 3. Proposals - draft-bonatti-generic-antispam-00.txt
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>http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-bonatti-generic-antispam-00.txt

To save people's time, it's yet another scheme for recipients to call
back to senders to ask if they sent it.

All of the problems that applied to the callback system discussed last
week appear to apply equally to this one.

Regards,
John Levine, johnl@taugh.com, Taughannock Networks, Trumansburg NY
http://www.taugh.com

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From: John Levine <asrg@johnlevine.com>
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: Zombie armies...
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>> Nothing but action by the providers hosting the zombie armies will stop
>
>   What about getting MS to close the holes that allow the 'Zombie 
>armies' to be turned into zombies in the first place? 

Considering how many people still use Windows 98, and the rate at
which people are still finding horrible bugs in Windows XP and newer
versions, I fear that's not likely in practice.  Too bad.


-- 
John R. Levine, IECC, POB 727, Trumansburg NY 14886 +1 607 330 5711
johnl@iecc.com, Mayor, http://johnlevine.com, 
Member, Provisional board, Coalition Against Unsolicited Commercial E-mail

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> [...] real protection against zombie is not that simple, ISPs would
> need to have additional equipment that will redirect all traffic from
> port 25 to their own relay servers

No, it would be enough to block port 25 connections except to their
user-submission hosts.  (Many providers do this already.)

They may _prefer_ to redirect attempts to connect elsewhere, but that's
a different issue.

Most of the rest of what you say I agree with, including the basic
point that

> ISP steps to deal with zombies is not a simple process and can be
> quite expensive for ISPs.

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Subject: [Asrg] 7. BCP. Proposal... dynamic-address-specific rDNS
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  My ISP allows customers to configure their own smtp-stage filters.  At
first, I figured that DNSbls were the FUSSP.  However, there was a lot
of spam leakage through my filters.  DNSbls are part of the solution,
but not the entire solution.  Additional options have appeared in the
filter rules.  The two most effective ones are blocking of email from
sites with...
  - no/none/zip/zilch/nada rDNS (host/nslookup returns NXDOMAIN)
  - regexp filtering for dynamic-IP-like rDNS, ie...
    [0-9]+-[0-9]+-[0-9]+
    \.dial
    dhcp

  As a single user, my sample size is quite small.  Up to May 12th, my
rules had blocked a grand total of 263 email attempts so far this month.
Lack of hostname accounted for 113, and dynamic-IP-like rDNS stopped 64.
That's just over 2/3rd of all blocking.

  Residential dynamic IP addresses are growing at an explosive rate.
DNSbls have a hard time keeping up with them.  Spam zombies are cranking
out direct-to-MX email in record numbers.  This is currently a very
large part of the unwanted promotional/soliciting email problem, aka
spam.  Blocking this avenue for spammers isn't the FUSSP, but it will
make a major dent in the current problem.

  Therefore, I propose that ISPs assign all dynamic IP addresses an rDNS
that includes a recognizable identifying substring such as "dynamic".
There may be adverse side-effects I'm not aware of with total lack of
rDNS.  If not, null rDNS would be just as good.

  Advantages...

  - no structural changes required to DNS or SMTP, just doing things
    slightly differently.  That's why I'm presenting the idea as a BCP
    proposal rather than in another area.

  - because this proposal merely calls for changes in the practices with
    the current DNS system, there is no need for a new registration or
    certification beauracracy

  - no load on outbound routers/gateways, unlike outbound port-25
    blocking

  - it would also work against assymetric routing attacks which outbound
    port-25 blocking is useless against.  To achieve the same protection
    an ISP would have to block port 25 *IN AND OUTBOUND* to/from
    residential dynamic IP addresses.  The technical requirements, and
    costs of two-way blocking can be significant

  - the receiving ISP can decide whether or not to block inbound email
    from such addresses

  - unlike RMX/SPF, this can be implemented by one ISP and its outbound
    email would be checkable immediately.  There are already a lot of
    email servers that can check rDNS addresses of incoming email.  AOL
    already does this by labeling their dynamic IP addresses with an rDNS
    that includes the string "ipt.aol.com".

  - valid email "From:" personal domains will not be blocked when sent
    via the ISP's MTA, which might be an issue under some implementations
    of RMX/SPF

  - unlike ordinary DNSbls, DOS-attacks can't shut down this system,
    short of taking down DNS entirely.  In that case, email is shut down
    too, because sending systems can't resolve MX IP addresses.

  - ordinary DNSbls of dynamic IP addresses have problems keeping up
    with the growth of new blocks of IP addresses.  My proposal would
    simply "just work".

  Comments, etc ?

-- 
Walter Dnes <waltdnes@waltdnes.org>
Email users are divided into two classes;
1) Those who have effective spam-blocking
2) Those who wish they did

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Walter Dnes wrote:
>  Therefore, I propose that ISPs assign all dynamic IP addresses an rDNS
> that includes a recognizable identifying substring such as "dynamic".
> There may be adverse side-effects I'm not aware of with total lack of
> rDNS.  If not, null rDNS would be just as good.

Take a look at the following:

http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-lorenzen-marid-mxout-00.txt

Keep in mind the following:

http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-stumpf-dns-mtamark-01.txt

There is also a proposal floated by Phil Hallam Baker expanding on MTA MARK.

Yakov
--
Yakov Shafranovich / asrg <at> shaftek.org
SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc. / research <at> solidmatrix.com
"And this too shall come to pass"

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Subject: Re: [Asrg] 7. BCP. Proposal... dynamic-address-specific rDNS
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On Fri, May 14, 2004 at 11:27:46AM -0400, Yakov Shafranovich wrote:
> Walter Dnes wrote:
> > Therefore, I propose that ISPs assign all dynamic IP addresses an rDNS
> >that includes a recognizable identifying substring such as "dynamic".
> >There may be adverse side-effects I'm not aware of with total lack of
> >rDNS.  If not, null rDNS would be just as good.
> 
> Take a look at the following:
> 
> http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-lorenzen-marid-mxout-00.txt
> 
> Keep in mind the following:
> 
> http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-stumpf-dns-mtamark-01.txt
> 
> There is also a proposal floated by Phil Hallam Baker expanding on MTA MARK.

Those are in the same universe as a naming standard for dynamically
assigned IP addresses, but not the same thing.  I think a dynamic-IP
RDNS naming standard would be a positive thing.  It wouldn't
necessarily cure anything, but a reasonable BCP recommendation for
this would encourage providers to adhere to a well-known naming system
for this one specific thing rather than everyone coming up with
something different; and this practice would help others (such
as filter users).

I think the string needs to be a little more formally specified than
just including the substring "dynamic" though-- that's too much of a
common word.  If it specifically matched the IP number in some way,
the name could be tested against the IP number to give an assurance
that one has found a self-declared dynamic IP address.  e.g., something
like: for any IPv4 IP address canonically represented by a.b.c.d, the
leftmost part of the RDNS name shall match the string "a-b-c-d-dynamic."

mm

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cc: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>,
        Walter Dnes <waltdnes@waltdnes.org>, ASRG list <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 7. BCP. Proposal... dynamic-address-specific rDNS
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> Those are in the same universe as a naming standard for dynamically
> assigned IP addresses, but not the same thing.  I think a dynamic-IP
> RDNS naming standard would be a positive thing.  It wouldn't
> necessarily cure anything, but a reasonable BCP recommendation for
> this would encourage providers to adhere to a well-known naming system
> for this one specific thing rather than everyone coming up with
> something different; and this practice would help others (such
> as filter users).
> 
> I think the string needs to be a little more formally specified than
> just including the substring "dynamic" though-- that's too much of a
> common word.  If it specifically matched the IP number in some way,
> the name could be tested against the IP number to give an assurance
> that one has found a self-declared dynamic IP address.  e.g., something
> like: for any IPv4 IP address canonically represented by a.b.c.d, the
> leftmost part of the RDNS name shall match the string "a-b-c-d-dynamic."

Actually I've been thinking about this for a while as well as testing 
various forms and records in rdns. Take a look the following idea given
in example manner:

------------------------------------
$ nslookup -query=ANY -silent 216.151.192.3

3.192.151.216.in-addr.arpa      name = rdns1.elan.net.
3.192.151.216.in-addr.arpa      name = 
_smtp._tcp._sir.maintest.192.151.216.in-addr.arpa.

$ nslookup -query=ANY -silent _smtp._tcp._sir.maintest.192.151.216.in-addr.arpa.

Name:   _smtp._sir.maintest.192.151.216.in-addr.arpa
Address: 127.0.0.2

_smtp._tcp._sir.maintest.192.151.216.in-addr.arpa    text = "v=spf1 -all"
------------------------------------

In this case the idea is to specify additional dns pointer record (but not 
primary one - there are very good reasons why ISP may want to use its own 
specific naming convention for its reverse ips, its bad idea to specially
say you must name it that way) in a special way. I preliminary called it
"service information record pointer" which provides pointer on where 
additional information maybe obtained regarding outgoing service 
connections that may (or may not) be expected from that ip. That service
maybe provided by SRV or similar future protocol or maybe through some
form of dns authorization protocol (SPF is used in my example).

Additionally specific meaning is given to "A" record for such PTR record
which may be 127.0.0.1 meaning such connections are to be expected from
that ip (which is default) or 127.0.0.2 which indicates that ip would
not make outgoing connections like that and if you see it, you can safely
deny it (i.e. expect that either ip is not authorized to do what it does
or that the actual ip packet is forged, though this might have more meaning
for udp services).

Now the good thing about this is that doing it as above requires 0 changes
to network infrastracture and pretty easy to implement at the SMTP server
level to check for such records and connections can be rejected before SMTP
session even starts, it does however require additional dns lookup (i.e. 
when you see a pointer with _sir, it thereafter must be resolved).


Another option I played around with is here:
--------------
$ nslookup -query=ANY -silent 2.192.151.216.in-addr.arpa.

2.192.151.216.in-addr.arpa      name = unix.elan.net.
2.192.151.216.in-addr.arpa      text = "v=spf1 ptr -all"

Name:   2.192.151.216.in-addr.arpa
Address: 127.0.0.5
--------------

In this case TXT and A records are entered directly in addition to PTR to 
specific IN-ADDR record. The good thing about this is that it requires
no additional dns lookups since doing query on "ANY" record will provide
all of it and many mail servers already do lookup on PTR record of 
incoming ip address. However at the same time it can be noted that ANY
lookup for in-addr is unusual and most dns resolver libraries would 
interpret lookup on ip address (i.e. 216.151.192.2 in this example) as 
lookup of PTR on in-addr of that ip address:

--------------
$ nslookup -query=ANY -silent 216.151.192.2
Server:         216.151.192.1
Address:        216.151.192.1#53

2.192.151.216.in-addr.arpa      name = unix.elan.net.
--------------

Such interpretation means additional records (TXT and A) would not be 
checked and mail servers must be modified to do its own conversion of ip 
address into inaddr form for lookup. It also means quite a number of 
basicly the same kind of records may have to be entered as you can't
provide cname redirection, which btw also breaks RFC2317 (not that I 
support this badly thought of RFC). But at the same time, the PRO to this
direct approach is that there no necessity to do extra dns lookup
(but as people from SPF community will tell you, dns lookups are "cheap",
spf seems to be designed to cause dozen of extra lookups in some cases)


Anyway I'm the point that I actually started working on draft on the first
PTR procedure (very slow so far, this has been low priority among many 
research and public projects I get involved in). I guess I'm asking to 
know if you think this is actually worth doing because there seems to be 
so little support for MTA-MARK like proposals from anti-spam and marid 
community which contines to be focused on rmx and dmp methods.

-- 
William Leibzon
Elan Networks
william@elan.net


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Subject: Re: [Asrg] 7. BCP. Proposal... dynamic-address-specific rDNS
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The problem with specifying dynamic is that it isn't what we care
about.

Really, I don't care if an IP address is dynamic, however that's
defined.  (Changes daily?  weekly?  There are DHCP-assigned addresses
that change less often than some supposedly "fixed" IP addresses.)
What I care about is whether or not the IP address owner thinks that
email should ever emanate from that IP address.

For instance, I'd want "This is a webserver that's not supposed to
emit email directly" on the list, while "This is a business-class
service customer who is welcome to emit email directly" not to be on
the list.

The general case, of course, is to list precisely which protocols the
IP address ought (not) to be initiating in general; one possible
reason for handling this via something suggestive (rather than just
blocking the port) is to allow sufficiently-clued servers to accept
connections (with authentication, perhaps) even though the general
case is otherwise.

Besides, when I'm feeling sufficiently paranoid, I'll do things like
run sshd on Port 25 with a banner that looks like a mailserver, just
in case somebody finds an exploit against the version of sshd I'm
running, how likely are they to try it against every mailserver they
see?

Seth

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Subject: Re: [Asrg] 7. BCP. Proposal... dynamic-address-specific rDNS
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On 2004-05-14 17:24:10 -0700, william(at)elan.net wrote:
> Another option I played around with is here:
> --------------
> $ nslookup -query=3DANY -silent 2.192.151.216.in-addr.arpa.
>=20
> 2.192.151.216.in-addr.arpa      name =3D unix.elan.net.
> 2.192.151.216.in-addr.arpa      text =3D "v=3Dspf1 ptr -all"
>=20
> Name:   2.192.151.216.in-addr.arpa
> Address: 127.0.0.5
> --------------
>=20
> In this case TXT and A records are entered directly in addition to PTR to=
=20
> specific IN-ADDR record. The good thing about this is that it requires
> no additional dns lookups since doing query on "ANY" record will provide
> all of it and many mail servers already do lookup on PTR record of=20
> incoming ip address.

Unfortunately, no. ANY just means "any", not "all". If a DNS cache (at
least bind, but I suspect others work the same) receives a request of
type ANY, it will return the records it has in its cache, if there are
any, and only forward the query if there are no matching records. For
example:

$ dig -x 216.151.192.2
    ;; QUESTION SECTION:
    ;2.192.151.216.in-addr.arpa.    IN      PTR

    ;; ANSWER SECTION:
    2.192.151.216.in-addr.arpa. 86400 IN    PTR     unix.elan.net.

$ dig 2.192.151.216.in-addr.arpa. any
    ;; QUESTION SECTION:
    ;2.192.151.216.in-addr.arpa.    IN      ANY

    ;; ANSWER SECTION:
    2.192.151.216.in-addr.arpa. 86293 IN    PTR     unix.elan.net.

As you can see, only the PTR record is returned.

$ dig 2.192.151.216.in-addr.arpa. a =20
    ;; QUESTION SECTION:
    ;2.192.151.216.in-addr.arpa.    IN      A

    ;; ANSWER SECTION:
    2.192.151.216.in-addr.arpa. 86400 IN    A       127.0.0.5

When we explicitely ask for the A record, we get it, and

$ dig 2.192.151.216.in-addr.arpa. any
    ;; QUESTION SECTION:
    ;2.192.151.216.in-addr.arpa.    IN      ANY

    ;; ANSWER SECTION:
    2.192.151.216.in-addr.arpa. 85960 IN    A       127.0.0.5
    2.192.151.216.in-addr.arpa. 85837 IN    PTR     unix.elan.net.

Now we have get both the A and the PTR (but still no TXT) record.

So to be safe you have to make absolutely sure that all clients of your
caching dns server make only ANY requests (pretty much impossible in the
general case) or explicitely query for any record type you need.

	hp

--=20
   _  | Peter J. Holzer    | I think we need two definitions:
|_|_) | Sysadmin WSR       | 1) The problem the *users* want us to solve
| |   | hjp@hjp.at         | 2) The problem our solution addresses.
__/   | http://www.hjp.at/ |    -- Phillip Hallam-Baker on spam

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From: Dave Crocker <dhc@dcrocker.net>
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d/
--
 Dave Crocker <mailto:dcrocker@brandenburg.com>
 Brandenburg InternetWorking <http://www.brandenburg.com>
 Sunnyvale, CA  USA <tel:+1.408.246.8253>, <fax:+1.866.358.5301>


===== Forwarded Message =====
From: Dave Crocker <dhc@dcrocker.net>
To: ietf-smtp@imc.org
cc: 
Date: Saturday, May 15, 2004, 1:36:25 AM
Subject: Internet Mail Architecture draft


Folks,

I've just sent draft-crocker-mail-arch-00 to be issued as an
internet-draft.

In the interim, it is available at:

  <http://brandenburg.com/specifications/draft-crocker-mail-arch-00.htm>
and
  <http://brandenburg.com/specifications/draft-crocker-mail-arch-00.txt>

The document summarizes Internet Mail architectural components, their
relationships, and the identities they use.

The draft recommends that discussion about the draft take place on the
SMTP mailing list.

So I have only BCC'd the MARID and LEMONADE mailing lists, to let folks
there know about the draft. But it really will be better to have
discussion take place in only one venue.


===== End of Forwarded Message =====


_______________________________________________
Asrg mailing list
Asrg@ietf.org
https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg



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FYI.

d/
--
 Dave Crocker <mailto:dcrocker@brandenburg.com>
 Brandenburg InternetWorking <http://www.brandenburg.com>
 Sunnyvale, CA  USA <tel:+1.408.246.8253>, <fax:+1.866.358.5301>


===== Forwarded message =====
From: Dave Crocker <dhc@dcrocker.net>
To: ietf-smtp@imc.org
Date: Saturday, May 15, 2004, 1:36:25 AM
Subject: Internet Mail Architecture draft


Folks,

I've just sent draft-crocker-mail-arch-00 to be issued as an
internet-draft.

In the interim, it is available at:

  <http://brandenburg.com/specifications/draft-crocker-mail-arch-00.htm>
and
  <http://brandenburg.com/specifications/draft-crocker-mail-arch-00.txt>

The document summarizes Internet Mail architectural components, their
relationships, and the identities they use.

The draft recommends that discussion about the draft take place on the
SMTP mailing list.

So I have only BCC'd the MARID and LEMONADE mailing lists, to let folks
there know about the draft. But it really will be better to have
discussion take place in only one venue.

d/
----- 
 Dave Crocker <mailto:dcrocker@brandenburg.com>
 Brandenburg InternetWorking <http://www.brandenburg.com>
 Sunnyvale, CA USA <tel: +1.408.246.8253>; <fax: +1.408.850.1850>
===== End of original message text =====


_______________________________________________
Asrg mailing list
Asrg@ietf.org
https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg



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From: "Joshua Leisk" <nospam@intechcomm.net.au>
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Subject: [Asrg] MTA Trust Management / Authentication, Zombie Prevention and Virus & SPAM  Prevention
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Hi,
 
I posted this some time ago here: http://www.intechcomm.net.au
<http://www.intechcomm.net.au/>  as well as to this mailing list and didn't
receive any comments other than from derMouse. Would you all read this and
tell me why this wouldn't work. I have also posted a 'stepping-stone' method
of implementing this system with an easy transition and method for creating
a global whitelist at the above website under one of the comments to the
original post.
 
Cheers,
 
Joshua Leisk
iT&C
 
<SNIP>
 
I propose that we need to construct a global registry of certified
closed-relay, 'spoof'-proof email servers, married to the verified details
of the server's owner, who are possibly placed under a financial security
bond, depending on the age of the domain name and previous history, to
operate it SPAM-free and then prevent all 'registered' email servers from
receiving email from any 'unregistered' email server (or be cleaned and
filed separately - see "'Softer' Variation of the Concept"), or accepting
email client submissions from clients not using an encrypted password
authentication, eg. SPA. 

The exquisite beauty of this system is that the onus is no longer on the
recipient to deal with the SPAM or viruses, but the sender to prove that it
is NOT SPAM or a virus. If SPAM, email or viruses are sent from an
unregistered email server, it is simply rejected - BEFORE the mail or virus
has been transmitted, effectively eliminating the internet traffic caused by
SPAM and viruses and freeing up bandwidth for legitimate traffic. As an
email virus could never be a registered SMTP mail server, it will be unable
to propagate through any participating mail server!

The mail server owner(s) should also enter into a contract with its users,
binding them to abide by the mail server authority's rules, or be
financially liable and publicly known, should that mail server be used for
SPAM and/or the mail server owner be 'fined' by the mail server authority
for such misuse. This three-way contract allows financial accountability
without a 'big-brother' database of every email user.

Financial accountability is required to enforce compliance with anti-SPAM
regulations. If the registration of a new mail server, for which the domain
name is less than 12 months old and if the new mail server owner was not
able to be 'sponsored' or vouched for by a number of 'trusted' registered
mail servers, required the new owner to supply a security bond of
(suggested) US$2500+, in advance, to be forfeited in the event that the mail
server was used to SPAM, coupled with the mail server being potentially
de-registered and barred from participating in the new 'secure' email system
(should the owner of the mail server be unable to identify and hold liable
the user responsible), mail server owners would take a much keener interest
in preventing unauthorized use of their systems. Mail server owners who
cannot afford the security bond or have other registered mail server owners
to sponsor them can still forward all mail, using TLS/SASL, through their
ISP's mail server.

Considering the abilities of the current mail server software available,
there is no technical excuse for any mail system to allow unauthorized email
to be relayed. MTA tags, message tracking and secure password authentication
with every sending email client provides end-user accountability and
ultimately financial liability. 

Additionally, any user needing to send to more than (suggested) 50
recipients at one time, should be granted by the mail server's administrator
on a 'per-user' basis and the 'privileged' user registered with the mail
server authority, rather than permission needlessly granted to every user.
Administrator notifications and temporary account lock-outs, if a 'standard'
user send to more than 300 recipients in 24 hours, would prevent stolen
account passwords from being widely exploited. I would also suggest that any
email user that is granted elevated sending privileges should not have the
sending username stamped on the mail by the mail server, as they will
certainly be subjected to 'identify theft' attacks. Message ID tagging will
still provide user accountability to the mail server operator in the event
of an infringement. 

I would also suggest 'privileged' users should be contractually obligated
NOT to store their password in their email client software, which would
prevent email client software with poor security from being exploited by
hackers, trojans, spyware or viruses - especially considering the recent
source-code leaks for Microsoft products. The same policy should probably
apply to ordinary users, but I can see this causing some difficulties.

A security bond also eliminates the occurrence of 'phoenix' SPAM servers, as
the cost of forfeiting the bond should significantly exceed the potential
profits gained from a couple of day's sales generated by SPAM, at 300 emails
per day.

A yearly registration fee for each email server would also be necessary to
fund the infrastructure costs incurred by the mail server registrar. Many
automated open-relay testing facilities already exist on the Web and prior
to a mail server being registered, it will be required to pass stringent
tests, certifying it unable to act as an open relay. 

The next problem to eliminate is 'spoofing' - an illegitimate mail server
may attempt to pose as a registered mail server to facilitate transmission
of unsolicited email. Clearly this poses a considerable threat to any secure
email system. 

Methods like 'SPF" and RMX are a great idea, but do not PROVE that the mail
server is the registered mail server, only that it is a mail server that is
communicating on port 25 of the public IP address for which the mail server
operates. This leaves a private network utilising network address
translation (NAT) wide open for Trojans, SPAMbots and viruses that could
easily lookup the external IP address, perform a reverse lookup and
masquerade the original mail server. This is not good.

I further propose that during a 'secure' SMTP mail server transaction,
before verifying that the sending email server ('Server 1') is registered
with the Mail Server Registrar, a connection is made by the receiving mail
server ('Server 2') to the sender's fully-qualified domain-name, as listed
in the DNS ('Server X'). This is the same host-name that was presented by
'Server 1' when connecting to 'Server 2'. A query is then sent to 'Server X'
to verify that it is indeed the same host as 'Server 1'. This would be
performed by challenging 'Server X' with a 128 character 'Session ID',
randomly generated when the original connection was made between 'Server 1'
& 'Server 2'. 'Server X' would then return only a logical 'YES' or 'NO' as
to whether as the queried 'Session ID' exists from 'Server 2'. If the
session ID does not exist, the connection between 'Server 1' and 'Server 2'
is simply dropped and the IP address of 'Server 1' is blocked for a limited
period of time. Only after satisfying itself that 'Server 1' is not spoofed
and also registered with the Mail Server Registrar will 'Server 2' allow any
mail to be received from 'Server 1', thus eliminating all email from all
untrustworthy sources, including email virus engines. After terminating the
original connection, the Session ID information is deleted.

There are those who would argue that the traffic and CPU cost of effectively
three remote database queries for each remote SMTP server connection (DNS,
Session ID, Mail Server Registrar) are too high for the average mail server
and data-pipe bandwidth. Considering the resources currently being used to
receive and process SPAM and viruses, overall traffic and CPU costs would
actually decrease - as the server load will be significantly reduced by not
having to receive and process the unsolicited traffic, or filter the SPAM
and/or viruses. 

To prevent mail server performance from being adversely affected and to
prevent network outages from stopping all mail from being received, the Mail
Server Registrar will need to securely replicate the database of certified
mail servers onto 'slave' databases located at the trunks of major data
networks in each country, much the same as the DNS system.

Description of processes used in this system:

Mail Server Registration -

1) The mail server is registered in the DNS as per usual.
2) The mail server owner submits their application for registration with the
Mail Server Registrar ("MSR"), or possibly an accredited agent for the MSR
(who will then forward the details to the MSR), including host name,
registered owner's details, admin contact details and typical proof of ID.
For an individual, this would typically include:
Fully Qualified Host Name, Owner's Name, Address, Phone Number, Fax, Date of
Birth, Drivers' License Number (Photocopy), Social Security Number (if US
Citizen), Photocopy of Birth Certificate and / or Photocopy of Credit Card,
Address where mail server will be located. Email Address.

For a business, this would typically include:
Fully Qualified Host Name, Company Name, All Details of Company Directors
(as per 'individual' details), Principal Place of Business Address, A.C.N /
A.B.N. / Registered Business Number (+Photocopy / Scan of Certificate of
Incorporation), Phone Number, Fax, Address where mail server will be
located. Contact Email Address.

The admin contact details to be required are:
Name, Phone Number, Email Address, Fax, Proof of ID.

3) The details are recorded in a private database and checked against a
database of known SPAMmers (recorded during SPAM reporting) and registration
will be denied or the security bond heavily increased if a match is found.
4) The hostname on the application is subjected to an automated security
test, from multiple IP addresses, which it must pass.
5) A contract is made between the MSR and the mail server owner. The
security bond, if applicable, is collected and the applicant hostname is
added to the database, with sending privileges granted.

User Registration for a Mail Server -

User accountability needs to be maintained to protect mail servers from
habitual offenders and provide the ability to recover damages from an
offending user, but is beyond the legal scope of the MSR's contract with the
mail server owner. This is why the MSR holds the mail server liable. The
mail server owner(s) should enter into a contract or agreement with the
user, binding them to financial accountability and liability if they abuse
the terms of service, including spamming. This also circumvents the need for
any anti-SPAM laws in any particular country.
1) The user supplies all relevant identification.
2) The registered mail server owner(s) query the MSR to check if the person
is a known offender. 
3) The mail server owner(s) then choose to grant conditional use of their
systems based on prior history.

Mail Exchanging -

(A more 'friendly' variation of this method is also found in "'Softer'
Variation of the Concept".)

1) The sending user ("sender") authenticates with mail server, using secure
password authentication ("SPA"), or whatever form of encryption eventually
supersedes it.
2) The sender delivers messages to mail server, using the mail server
owner's policies, including whether the sending username is stamped on the
message header, maximum amount of recipients per message, maximum amount of
messages per day.
3) The sending mail server ("Server 1") queries the DNS and finds the mail
exchanging host for the recipient's domain name ("Server 2").
4) Server 1 establishes an encrypted TCP connection with Server 2 and
supplies a randomly generated 128 character 'Session ID'.
5) Server 2 queries the DNS with Server 1's apparent hostname and resolves
an IP address ("Server X").
6) Server 2 establishes an encrypted TCP connection with Server X and
queries the server with the Session ID obtained from Server 1.
7) Server X looks up a temporary database of current connections and their
respective Session IDs and determines if a connection exists with Server 2
that has an identical Session ID. If the result is positive, then Server X
returns a logical TRUE to Server 2, the querying connection is then dropped
between Server X and Server 2 and the querying ability temporarily suspended
for a period of (suggested) 3 minutes for Server 2's IP address to prevent
brute force attacks on Session IDs. 
8) Server 2 then queries the MSR database to see if the hostname exists AND
has sending privileges granted and if both return positive then the MSR
database returns a logical TRUE and Server 2 allows mail to flow from Server
1. 

If the result of the first query with Server X is negative, then Server X
returns a logical FALSE to Server 2, the connection is then dropped between
Server X and Server 2 and the querying ability temporarily suspended for a
period of (suggested) 3 minutes for Server 2's IP address, again to prevent
brute force attacks on Session IDs, following which, the connection is then
also dropped between Server 1 and Server 2. If the result of the second
query (to the MSR database) returns FALSE, the connection between Server 1
and Server 2 is dropped. In either case, Server 2 will then prevent
connections being made from Server 1's IP address for a limited amount of
time (suggested 24 hours).

Spam Reporting -

If an infringement occurs, liability must be established and action taken:
1) User receives unsolicited email that does not comply with MSR policies.
2) User forwards the email 'source-code' to a designated email address at
the MSR.
3) The MSR examines the message header and identifies the hostname of the
sending mail server, the MTA message tracking ID, possibly the sending
username (if name-stamping is enabled), time and date stamping, as well as
confirming if the email does not comply with MSR policies. Further examples
from the same sender will also be searched for.
4) Automated security testing is performed on the mail server identified.
5) If the message IS SPAM, or if the mail server does not pass the security
test, action needs to be taken. The offending mail server could have its
sending privileges suspended and the security deposit forfeited. The
offending email is forwarded to the mail server owner and administrator,
along with notification of any suspension and bond forfeit, also
notification if the mail server failed the security test. The suspension
will remain in place until a new bond has been paid and the offending user
details have been supplied to the MSR, which are then placed in a database
of offenders, made available (by query) to registered mail server owners and
operators. If the mail server owner (or admin) is unable to supply details
of the offender OR if the mail server has repeated offences, the security
deposit could be greatly increased or the mail server deregistered. If no
user can be identified, the mail server owner must assume responsibility and
financial liability.
6) If applicable, the mail server recovers damages from the offending user.

Automated Testing -

In addition to the current mail server security tests freely available on
the Web, I would conduct the security tests from a private list of dynamic
IP addresses, in different network ranges, to prevent a malicious or
ignorant mail server admin from merely blocking traffic from a known
security testing IP address. I also have designed a system to help prove
whether email lists have been 'harvested'. Every registered mail server
should be obligated to provide free mailboxes for use by the Mail Server
Registrar. These mailboxes would only be used as 'collection points' for
unsolicited mail and not for any other purpose. The email addresses would
then be used on websites, forums, newsgroups and bulletin boards and any
SPAM received by these 'collection points' can be automatically considered
as illegally harvested and dealt with even more rapidly.


Implementation -

The plug-ins or upgrades to the existing SMTP engines should allow for
backwards compatibility during the cut-over period. I would suggest
launching the public awareness campaign and product, allowing for a 12 month
cut-over period, after which, the SMTP server's traditional receiving
service will no longer operate (or be altered and cleaned, see 'Softer'
Variation of the Concept.)

During the cut-over period, any mail that is sent to and from any
unregistered mail servers should have automatic replies to the sender and an
information block added to the body of the original message, both of which
inform the sender and recipient that due to mail server being unregistered,
they will no longer be able to communicate with this party after 'S-DAY' (or
be altered, see 'Softer' Variation of the Concept)
and point them towards a website with a list of registered mail servers and
ISPs, with their contact details, sorted by geographical location, so that
they may choose an alternate provider.

'Softer' Variation of the Concept -

A slight variation of the concept that still allows mail to be received from
unregistered mail servers, yet duly processed and separated from 'safe'
email, could also be effective. 

This is not my preferred method of operation, but it may be more widely
accepted. This method could also be useful during the transition period to
'safe' email. Mail servers using this method will seamlessly communicate
with mail servers utilizing my original 'hardline' concept, but it gives the
mail server owner and the users a choice (and a safe way) of receiving
'unsafe' email. 

Obviously this method will not eliminate all the traffic generated by SPAM
and email viruses, which is why this is not my preferred method, but it does
allow for easier marketing and could easily be 'turned off' in the future,
once market saturation has been reached.

If every mail server had 2 mailboxes for each user - one 'safe' mailbox and
one 'unsafe' mailbox, unregistered mail could still be received, processed
and stored in the unsafe mailbox. Alternatively, the subject line in the
message header could be stamped so that the mail client can further process
the message.

I would suggest that all users of the mail server must be given the option
of whether to have an 'unsafe' mailbox at all and also whether or not to
have the mail server strip all attachments and possibly HTML tags received
by the 'unsafe' mailbox - I would suggest this is should be the default
option, if the choice is given to the mail server users at all, otherwise
users will still be exposed to viral infections.

If a receiving mail server was unable to verify the authenticity or
registration of a sending mail server, all mail received from the sending
mail server would be classed as 'unsafe' and routed through to the '.unsafe'
mailbox. If the recipient on the receiving mail server has elected not to
have an 'unsafe' mailbox, the message would be rejected and a Non Delivery
Report (NDR) generated to the sending user.

Summary ~

As you have now seen, using my system, it is very easy to eliminate email
viruses and the vast majority of all SPAM. For the few isolated cases that
will remain, it will be extremely easy to identify, track and police. 

Email users can still enjoy the freedom of submitting mail from an external
network. This is extremely important for mobile users and wireless
technology.

My system would easily be implemented as a plug-in, or upgrade to the
existing SMTP standard, allowing backwards compatibility, during the
cut-over period.

There are no problems caused to existing mail-routing, delivery priorities
or relative user anonymity, if so required. SMTP servers can also still
fully function using a dynamic IP address and dynamic DNS, if they need to,
unlike other recently proposed anti-spoofing techniques. Also, a registered
mail server will always be able to send to an unregistered mail server.

Accountability is still maintained, regardless of the relative anonymity.
Due to message tracking IDs (serial numbers) stamped on emails by the
sending mail server, the mail server owner can easily identify the user
responsible and the sending mail server's identity is already stamped on the
message headers and using my system, cannot be spoofed. 

Law and order can be easily restored to the global email system, without
impacting on freedom, liberties, finances or functionality.

The responsibilities of the Mail Server Registrar should fall to the UN/
ITU, as this is a global policy change.
 
<END SNIP>

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<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span lang=3DEN-AU =
style=3D'font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial'>Hi,<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span lang=3DEN-AU =
style=3D'font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span lang=3DEN-AU =
style=3D'font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial'>I posted this some time ago here: <a
href=3D"http://www.intechcomm.net.au/">http://www.intechcomm.net.au</a> =
as well
as to this mailing list and didn&#8217;t receive any comments other than =
from <span
class=3DSpellE>derMouse</span>. Would you all read this and tell me why =
this
wouldn&#8217;t work. I have also posted a &#8216;stepping-stone&#8217; =
method
of implementing this system with an easy transition and method for =
creating a
global <span class=3DSpellE>whitelist</span> at the above website under =
one of
the comments to the original post.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span lang=3DEN-AU =
style=3D'font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span lang=3DEN-AU =
style=3D'font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial'>Cheers,<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span lang=3DEN-AU =
style=3D'font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span lang=3DEN-AU =
style=3D'font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial'>Joshua Leisk<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><span class=3DGramE><font size=3D2 =
face=3DArial><span lang=3DEN-AU
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial'>iT&amp;</span></font></span>=
<font
size=3D2 face=3DArial><span lang=3DEN-AU =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial'>C<o:p></o:p></span></font></=
p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span lang=3DEN-AU =
style=3D'font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span lang=3DEN-AU =
style=3D'font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial'>&lt;SNIP&gt;<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span lang=3DEN-AU =
style=3D'font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D1 color=3Dblack face=3DVerdana><span =
lang=3DEN-AU
style=3D'font-size:6.5pt;font-family:Verdana;color:black'>I propose that =
we need
to construct a global registry of certified closed-relay, =
&#8216;spoof&#8217;-proof
email servers, married to the verified details of the server&#8217;s =
owner, who
are possibly placed under a financial security bond, depending on the =
age of
the domain name and previous history, to operate it SPAM-free and then =
prevent
all &#8216;registered&#8217; email servers from receiving email from any
&#8216;unregistered&#8217; email server (or be cleaned and filed =
separately -
see &#8220;&#8216;Softer&#8217; Variation of the Concept&#8221;), or =
accepting
email client submissions from clients not using an encrypted password
authentication, eg. <span class=3DGramE>SPA.</span> <br>
<br>
The exquisite beauty of this system is that the onus is no longer on the
recipient to deal with the SPAM or viruses, but the sender to prove that =
it is
NOT SPAM or a virus. If SPAM, email or viruses are sent from an =
unregistered
email server, it is simply rejected - BEFORE the mail or virus has been
transmitted, effectively eliminating the internet traffic caused by SPAM =
and
viruses and freeing up bandwidth for legitimate traffic. As an email =
virus
could never be a registered SMTP mail server, it will be unable to =
propagate
through any participating mail server!<br>
<br>
The mail server owner(s) should also enter into a contract with its =
users,
binding them to abide by the mail server authority&#8217;s rules, or be
financially liable and publicly known, should that mail server be used =
for SPAM
and/or the mail server owner be &#8216;fined&#8217; by the mail server
authority for such misuse. This three-way contract allows financial
accountability without a &#8216;big-brother&#8217; database of every =
email
user.<br>
<br>
Financial accountability is required to enforce compliance with =
anti-SPAM
regulations. If the registration of a new mail server, for which the =
domain
name is less than 12 months old and if the new mail server owner was not =
able
to be 'sponsored' or vouched for by a number of 'trusted' registered =
mail
servers, required the new owner to supply a security bond of (suggested)
US$2500+, in advance, to be forfeited in the event that the mail server =
was
used to SPAM, coupled with the mail server being potentially =
de-registered and
barred from participating in the new &#8216;secure&#8217; email system =
(should
the owner of the mail server be unable to identify and hold liable the =
user
responsible), mail server owners would take a much keener interest in
preventing unauthorized use of their systems. Mail server owners who =
cannot
afford the security bond or have other registered mail server owners to =
sponsor
them can still forward all mail, using TLS/SASL, through their ISP's =
mail
server.<br>
<br>
Considering the abilities of the current mail server software available, =
there
is no technical excuse for any mail system to allow unauthorized email =
to be
relayed. MTA tags, message tracking and secure password authentication =
with
every sending email client provides end-user accountability and =
ultimately
financial liability. <br>
<br>
Additionally, any user needing to send to more than (suggested) 50 =
recipients
at one time, should be granted by the mail server&#8217;s administrator =
on a
&#8216;per-user&#8217; basis and the &#8216;privileged&#8217; user =
registered
with the mail server authority, rather than permission needlessly =
granted to
every user. Administrator notifications and temporary account lock-outs, =
if a
&#8216;standard&#8217; user send to more than 300 recipients in 24 =
hours, would
prevent stolen account passwords from being widely exploited. I would =
also suggest
that any email user that is granted elevated sending privileges should =
not have
the sending username stamped on the mail by the mail server, as they =
will
certainly be subjected to &#8216;identify theft&#8217; attacks. Message =
ID
tagging will still provide user accountability to the mail server =
operator in
the event of an infringement. <br>
<br>
I would also suggest &#8216;privileged&#8217; users should be =
contractually
obligated NOT to store their password in their email client software, =
which
would prevent email client software with poor security from being =
exploited by
hackers, <span class=3DSpellE>trojans</span>, <span =
class=3DSpellE>spyware</span>
or viruses - especially considering the recent source-code leaks for =
Microsoft
products. The same policy should probably apply to ordinary users, but I =
can
see this causing some difficulties.<br>
<br>
A security bond also eliminates the occurrence of &#8216;phoenix&#8217; =
SPAM
servers, as the cost of forfeiting the bond should significantly exceed =
the
potential profits gained from a couple of day&#8217;s sales generated by =
SPAM,
at 300 emails per day.<br>
<br>
A yearly registration fee for each email server would also be necessary =
to fund
the infrastructure costs incurred by the mail server registrar. Many =
automated
open-relay testing facilities already exist on the Web and prior to a =
mail
server being <span class=3DGramE>registered,</span> it will be required =
to pass
stringent tests, certifying it unable to act as an open relay. <br>
<br>
<b><span style=3D'font-weight:bold'>The next problem to eliminate is
&#8216;spoofing&#8217; - an illegitimate mail server may attempt to pose =
as a
registered mail server to facilitate transmission of unsolicited email. =
Clearly
this poses a considerable threat to any secure email system.</span></b> =
<br>
<br>
Methods like 'SPF&quot; and RMX are a great idea, but do not PROVE that =
the
mail server is the registered mail server, only that it is a mail server =
that
is communicating on port 25 of the public IP address for which the mail =
server
operates. This leaves a private network utilising network address =
translation
(NAT) wide open for Trojans, <span class=3DSpellE>SPAMbots</span> and =
viruses
that could easily lookup the external IP address, perform a reverse =
lookup and
masquerade the original mail server. This is not good.<br>
<br>
I further propose that during a &#8216;secure&#8217; SMTP mail server
transaction, before verifying that the sending email server =
(&#8216;Server
1&#8217;) is registered with the Mail Server Registrar, a connection is =
made by
the receiving mail server (&#8216;Server 2&#8217;) to the sender&#8217;s
fully-qualified domain-name, as listed in the DNS (&#8216;Server =
X&#8217;).
This is the same host-name that was presented by &#8216;Server 1&#8217; =
when
connecting to &#8216;Server 2&#8217;. A query is then sent to =
&#8216;Server
X&#8217; to verify that it is indeed the same host as &#8216;Server =
1&#8217;.
This would be performed by challenging &#8216;Server X&#8217; with a 128
character &#8216;Session ID&#8217;, randomly generated when the original
connection was made between &#8216;Server 1&#8217; &amp; &#8216;Server
2&#8217;. &#8216;Server X&#8217; would then return only a logical =
&#8216;YES&#8217;
or &#8216;NO&#8217; as to whether as the queried &#8216;Session =
ID&#8217;
exists from &#8216;Server 2&#8217;. If the session ID does not exist, =
the
connection between &#8216;Server 1&#8217; and &#8216;Server 2&#8217; is =
simply
dropped and the IP address of &#8216;Server 1&#8217; is blocked for a =
limited
period of time. Only after satisfying <span class=3DGramE>itself</span> =
that
&#8216;Server 1&#8217; is not spoofed and also registered with the Mail =
Server
Registrar will &#8216;Server 2&#8217; allow any mail to be received from
&#8216;Server 1&#8217;, thus eliminating all email from all =
untrustworthy
sources, including email virus engines. After terminating the original
connection, the Session ID information is deleted.<br>
<br>
There are those who would argue that the traffic and CPU cost of =
effectively
three remote database queries for each remote SMTP server connection =
(DNS,
Session ID, <span class=3DGramE>Mail</span> Server Registrar) are too =
high for
the average mail server and data-pipe bandwidth. Considering the =
resources
currently being used to receive and process SPAM and viruses, overall =
traffic
and CPU costs would actually decrease - as the server load will be =
significantly
reduced by not having to receive and process the unsolicited traffic, or =
filter
the SPAM and/or viruses. <br>
<br>
To prevent mail server performance from being adversely affected and to =
prevent
network outages from stopping all mail from being received, the Mail =
Server
Registrar will need to securely replicate the database of certified mail
servers onto &#8216;slave&#8217; databases located at the trunks of =
major data
networks in each country, much the same as the DNS system.<br>
<br>
<b><span style=3D'font-weight:bold'>Description of processes used in =
this system:</span></b><br>
<br>
<b><span style=3D'font-weight:bold'>Mail Server Registration =
&#8211;</span></b><br>
<br>
1) The mail server is registered in the DNS as per usual.<br>
2) The mail server owner submits their application for registration with =
the
Mail Server Registrar (&#8220;MSR&#8221;), or possibly an accredited =
agent for
the MSR (who will then forward the details to the MSR), including host =
name,
registered owner&#8217;s details, admin contact details and typical =
proof of
ID. For an individual, this would typically include:<br>
Fully Qualified Host Name, Owner&#8217;s Name, Address, Phone Number, =
Fax, Date
of Birth, Drivers&#8217; License Number (Photocopy), Social Security =
Number (if
US Citizen), Photocopy of Birth Certificate and / or Photocopy of Credit =
Card,
Address where mail server will be located. Email Address.<br>
<br>
For a business, this would typically include:<br>
Fully Qualified Host Name, Company Name, All Details of Company =
Directors (as
per &#8216;individual&#8217; details), Principal Place of Business =
Address,
A.C.N / A.B.N. / Registered Business Number (+Photocopy / Scan of =
Certificate
of Incorporation), Phone Number, Fax, Address where mail server will be
located. Contact Email Address.<br>
<br>
The admin contact details to be required are:<br>
<span class=3DGramE>Name, Phone Number, Email Address, Fax, Proof of =
ID.</span><br>
<br>
3) The details are recorded in a private database and checked against a
database of known <span class=3DSpellE>SPAMmers</span> (recorded during =
SPAM
reporting) and registration will be denied or the security bond heavily
increased if a match is found.<br>
4) The hostname on the application is subjected to an automated security =
test,
from multiple IP addresses, which it must pass.<br>
5) A contract is made between the MSR and the mail server owner. The =
security
bond, if applicable, is collected and the applicant hostname is added to =
the
database, with sending privileges granted.<br>
<br>
<b><span style=3D'font-weight:bold'>User Registration for a Mail Server =
&#8211;</span></b><br>
<br>
User accountability needs to be maintained to protect mail servers from
habitual offenders and provide the ability to recover damages from an =
offending
user, but is beyond the legal scope of the <span =
class=3DSpellE>MSR&#8217;s</span>
contract with the mail server owner. This is why the MSR holds the mail =
server
liable. The mail server owner(s) should enter into a contract or =
agreement with
the user, binding them to financial accountability and liability if they =
abuse
the terms of service, including spamming. This also circumvents the need =
for
any anti-SPAM laws in any particular country.<br>
1) The user supplies all relevant identification.<br>
2) The registered mail server owner(s) query the MSR to check if the =
person is
a known offender. <br>
3) The mail server owner(s) then choose to grant conditional use of =
their
systems based on prior history.<br>
<br>
<b><span style=3D'font-weight:bold'>Mail Exchanging =
&#8211;</span></b><br>
<br>
(A more 'friendly' variation of this method is also found in
&#8220;&#8216;Softer&#8217; Variation of the Concept&#8221;.)<br>
<br>
1) The sending user (&#8220;sender&#8221;) authenticates with mail =
server,
using secure password authentication (&#8220;SPA&#8221;), or whatever =
form of
encryption eventually supersedes it.<br>
2) The sender delivers messages to mail server, using the mail server
owner&#8217;s policies, including whether the sending username is =
stamped on
the message header, maximum amount of recipients per message, maximum =
amount of
messages per day.<br>
3) The sending mail server (&#8220;Server 1&#8221;) queries the DNS and =
finds
the mail exchanging host for the recipient&#8217;s domain name =
(&#8220;Server
2&#8221;).<br>
4) Server 1 establishes an encrypted TCP connection with Server 2 and =
supplies
a randomly generated 128 character &#8216;Session ID&#8217;.<br>
5) Server 2 queries the DNS with Server 1&#8217;s apparent hostname and
resolves an IP address (&#8220;Server X&#8221;).<br>
6) Server 2 establishes an encrypted TCP connection with Server X and =
queries
the server with the Session ID obtained from Server 1.<br>
7) Server X looks up a temporary database of current connections and =
their
respective Session IDs and determines if a connection exists with Server =
2 that
has an identical Session ID. If the result is positive, then Server X =
returns a
logical TRUE to Server 2, the querying connection is then dropped =
between
Server X and Server 2 and the querying ability temporarily suspended for =
a
period of (suggested) 3 minutes for Server 2&#8217;s IP address to =
prevent brute
force attacks on Session IDs. <br>
8) Server 2 then queries the MSR database to see if the hostname exists =
AND has
sending privileges granted and if both return positive then the MSR =
database
returns a logical TRUE and Server 2 allows mail to flow from Server 1. =
<br>
<br>
If the result of the first query with Server X is negative, then Server =
X
returns a logical FALSE to Server 2, the connection is then dropped =
between
Server X and Server 2 and the querying ability temporarily suspended for =
a
period of (suggested) 3 minutes for Server 2&#8217;s IP address, again =
to
prevent brute force attacks on Session IDs, following which, the =
connection is
then also dropped between Server 1 and Server 2. If the result of the =
second
query (to the MSR database) returns FALSE, the connection between Server =
1 and
Server 2 is dropped. In either case, Server 2 will then prevent =
connections
being made from Server 1&#8217;s IP address for a limited amount of time
(suggested 24 hours).<br>
<br>
<b><span style=3D'font-weight:bold'>Spam Reporting =
&#8211;</span></b><br>
<br>
If an infringement occurs, liability must be established and action =
taken:<br>
1) User receives unsolicited email that does not comply with MSR =
policies.<br>
2) User forwards the email &#8216;source-code&#8217; to a designated =
email
address at the MSR.<br>
3) The MSR examines the message header and identifies the hostname of =
the
sending mail server, the MTA message tracking ID, possibly the sending =
username
(if name-stamping is enabled), time and date stamping, as well as =
confirming if
the email does not comply with MSR policies. Further examples from the =
same
sender will also be searched for.<br>
4) Automated security testing is performed on the mail server =
identified.<br>
5) If the message IS SPAM, or if the mail server does not pass the =
security
test, action needs to be taken. The offending mail server could have its
sending privileges suspended and the security deposit forfeited. The =
offending
email is forwarded to the mail server owner and administrator, along =
with
notification of any suspension and bond forfeit, also notification if =
the mail
server failed the security test. The suspension will remain in place =
until a
new bond has been paid and the offending user details have been supplied =
to the
MSR, which are then placed in a database of offenders, made available =
(by
query) to registered mail server owners and operators. If the mail =
server owner
(or admin) is unable to supply details of the offender OR if the mail =
server
has repeated offences, the security deposit could be greatly increased =
or the
mail server deregistered. If no user can be identified, the mail server =
owner
must assume responsibility and financial liability.<br>
6) If applicable, the mail server recovers damages from the offending =
user.<br>
<br>
<b><span style=3D'font-weight:bold'>Automated Testing =
&#8211;</span></b><br>
<br>
In addition to the current mail server security tests freely available =
on the
Web, I would conduct the security tests from a private list of dynamic =
IP
addresses, in different network ranges, to prevent a malicious or =
ignorant mail
server admin from merely blocking traffic from a known security testing =
IP
address. I also have designed a system to help prove whether email lists =
have
been &#8216;harvested&#8217;. Every registered mail server should be =
obligated
to provide free mailboxes for use by the Mail Server Registrar. These =
mailboxes
would only be used as &#8216;collection points&#8217; for unsolicited =
mail and
not for any other purpose. The email addresses would then be used on =
websites,
forums, newsgroups and bulletin boards and any SPAM received by these
&#8216;collection points&#8217; can be automatically considered as =
illegally
harvested and dealt with even more rapidly.<br>
<br>
<br>
<b><span style=3D'font-weight:bold'>Implementation -</span></b><br>
<br>
The plug-ins or upgrades to the existing SMTP engines should allow for
backwards compatibility during the cut-over period. I would suggest =
launching
the public awareness campaign and product, allowing for a 12 month =
cut-over
period, after which, the SMTP server&#8217;s traditional receiving =
service will
no longer operate (or be altered and cleaned, see &#8216;Softer&#8217;
Variation of the Concept.)<br>
<br>
During the cut-over period, any mail that is sent to and from any =
unregistered
mail servers should have automatic replies to the sender and an =
information
block added to the body of the original message, both of which inform =
the
sender and recipient that due to <WHICHEVER>mail server being =
unregistered,
they will no longer be able to communicate with this party after
&#8216;S-DAY&#8217; (or be altered, see &#8216;Softer&#8217; Variation =
of the
Concept)<br>
<span class=3DGramE>and</span> point them towards a website with a list =
of
registered mail servers and ISPs, with their contact details, sorted by
geographical location, so that they may choose an alternate =
provider.<br>
<br>
<b><span style=3D'font-weight:bold'>&#8216;Softer&#8217; Variation of =
the Concept
-</span></b><br>
<br>
A slight variation of the concept that still allows mail to be received =
from
unregistered mail servers, yet duly processed and separated from
&#8216;safe&#8217; email, could also be effective. <br>
<br>
This is not my preferred method of operation, but it may be more widely =
accepted.
This method could also be useful during the transition period to
&#8216;safe&#8217; email. Mail servers using this method will seamlessly
communicate with mail servers utilizing my original =
&#8216;hardline&#8217;
concept, but it gives the mail server owner and the users a choice (and =
a safe
way) of receiving &#8216;unsafe&#8217; email. <br>
<br>
Obviously this method will not eliminate all the traffic generated by =
SPAM and
email viruses, which is why this is not my preferred method, but it does =
allow
for easier marketing and could easily be &#8216;turned off&#8217; in the
future, once market saturation has been reached.<br>
<br>
If every mail server had 2 mailboxes for each user &#8211; one
&#8216;safe&#8217; mailbox and one &#8216;unsafe&#8217; mailbox, =
unregistered
mail could still be received, processed and stored in the unsafe =
mailbox. Alternatively,
the subject line in the message header could be stamped so that the mail =
client
can further process the message.<br>
<br>
I would suggest that all users of the mail server must be given the =
option of
whether to have an &#8216;unsafe&#8217; mailbox at all and also whether =
or not
to have the mail server strip all attachments and possibly HTML tags =
received
by the &#8216;unsafe&#8217; mailbox - I would suggest this is should be =
the
default option, if the choice is given to the mail server users at all,
otherwise users will still be exposed to viral infections.<br>
<br>
If a receiving mail server was unable to verify the authenticity or
registration of a sending mail server, all mail received from the =
sending mail
server would be classed as &#8216;unsafe&#8217; and routed through to =
the &#8216;<USERNAME>.unsafe&#8217;
mailbox. If the recipient on the receiving mail server has elected not =
to have
an &#8216;unsafe&#8217; mailbox, the message would be rejected and a Non
Delivery Report (NDR) generated to the sending user.<br>
<br>
<b><span style=3D'font-weight:bold'>Summary ~</span></b><br>
<br>
As you have now seen, using my system, it is very easy to eliminate =
email
viruses and the vast majority of all SPAM. For the few isolated cases =
that will
remain, it will be extremely easy to identify, track and police. <br>
<br>
Email users can still enjoy the freedom of submitting mail from an =
external
network. This is extremely important for mobile users and wireless =
technology.<br>
<br>
My system would easily be implemented as a plug-in, or upgrade to the =
existing
SMTP standard, allowing backwards compatibility, during the cut-over =
period.<br>
<br>
There are no problems caused to existing mail-routing, delivery =
priorities or
relative user anonymity, if so required. SMTP servers can also still =
fully
function using a dynamic IP address and dynamic DNS, if they need to, =
unlike
other recently proposed anti-spoofing techniques. Also, a registered =
mail
server will always be able to send to an unregistered mail server.<br>
<br>
Accountability is still maintained, regardless of the relative =
anonymity. Due
to message tracking IDs (serial numbers) stamped on emails by the =
sending mail
server, the mail server owner can easily identify the user responsible =
and the
sending mail server&#8217;s identity is already stamped on the message =
headers
and using my system, cannot be spoofed. <br>
<br>
Law and order can be easily restored to the global email system, without
impacting on freedom, liberties, finances or functionality.<br>
<br>
The responsibilities of the Mail Server Registrar should fall to the UN/ =
ITU,
as this is a global policy change.</span></font><font size=3D2 =
face=3DArial><span
lang=3DEN-AU =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p=
>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span lang=3DEN-AU =
style=3D'font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span lang=3DEN-AU =
style=3D'font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial'>&lt;END SNIP&gt;<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

</div>

</body>

</html>

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Subject: Re: [Asrg] MTA Trust Management / Authentication, Zombie Prevention and Virus & SPAM  Prevention
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"Joshua Leisk" <nospam@intechcomm.net.au> wrote:

> I propose that we need to construct a global registry of certified

Who is "we"?  Who certifies?  Why should I trust them?

> closed-relay, 'spoof'-proof email servers, married to the verified details
> of the server's owner,

Who verifies?  How much does this cost?

>  who are possibly placed under a financial security
> bond, depending on the age of the domain name and previous history,

Why should somebody have to pay to send email?  Who holds the bond?
Who determines when it gets forfeited?  To whom does it get forfeited?

> to operate it SPAM-free and then prevent all 'registered' email
> servers from receiving email from any 'unregistered' email server

Nobody gets to prevent my server from doing what I want.  My toys, my
rules.

> The exquisite beauty of this system is that the onus is no longer on
> the recipient to deal with the SPAM or viruses, but the sender to
> prove that it is NOT SPAM or a virus.

Why should I have to prove it to _your authority_?

> As an email virus could never be a registered SMTP mail server,

Why not?

> Financial accountability is required to enforce compliance with
> anti-SPAM regulations. If the registration of a new mail server, for
> which the domain name is less than 12 months old and if the new mail
> server owner was not able to be 'sponsored' or vouched for by a
> number of 'trusted' registered mail servers, required the new owner
> to supply a security bond of (suggested) US$2500+,

No.

I ain't gonna pay.  Deal with it.

Feel free to reject my email, of course; it's up to your users if
they'd rather get my email or pay you for email services.

> A yearly registration fee for each email server

will never be paid.

> Methods like 'SPF" and RMX are a great idea, but do not PROVE that
> the mail server is the registered mail server, only that it is a
> mail server that is communicating on port 25 of the public IP
> address for which the mail server operates. This leaves a private
> network utilising network address translation (NAT) wide open for
> Trojans, SPAMbots and viruses that could easily lookup the external
> IP address, perform a reverse lookup and masquerade the original
> mail server. This is not good.

Anybody who puts their outgoing mailswerver behind the same NAT
address as a bunch of luser boxes is an idiot.

Get the idea?

I don't want a central authority, and won't cooperate with one if
forced to.  (I will, of course, cooperate with various private
authorities to whatever extent I feel like at the time.)

Seth

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From: "Joshua Leisk" <josh@intechcomm.net.au>
To: <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] MTA Trust Management / Authentication, Zombie Prevention and Virus & SPAM  Prevention
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"We" is yet to be decided - that why this why this is a group effort... we
want ideas here, which is why I am posting mine.
"Who' need not be the same body as "We" - there could be a 3rd party
'Enforcement Agency', or many - the reporting is a separate function.. we
already have multiple blacklists, from multiple providers... no reason why
that can't continue, just in a different format.

Single authority? - This is somewhat similar to the DNS and WHOIS.. add your
thoughts..

COST - 
This is important - this is a 'bring a friend' arrangement - if your mail
server can be vouched for by others, there is no bond... In reality I would
prefer no bond at all and only have a 'circle of trust' that expands
outwards... but you need to allow for net.newbies.. 

Ongoing arrangements require identification checks, which incur time and
cost. Domain name registration costs, so what's the big deal paying for a
mail server while you're at it? Capitalism at its best. Work out what spam
and viruses cost you every year  - more than a yearly registration.


Joshua Leisk
http://www.intechcomm.net.au


-----Original Message-----
From: asrg-admin@ietf.org [mailto:asrg-admin@ietf.org] On Behalf Of Seth
Breidbart
Sent: Monday, 17 May 2004 3:05 PM
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] MTA Trust Management / Authentication, Zombie Prevention
and Virus & SPAM Prevention

"Joshua Leisk" <nospam@intechcomm.net.au> wrote:

> I propose that we need to construct a global registry of certified

Who is "we"?  Who certifies?  Why should I trust them?

> closed-relay, 'spoof'-proof email servers, married to the verified details
> of the server's owner,

Who verifies?  How much does this cost?

>  who are possibly placed under a financial security
> bond, depending on the age of the domain name and previous history,

Why should somebody have to pay to send email?  Who holds the bond?
Who determines when it gets forfeited?  To whom does it get forfeited?

> to operate it SPAM-free and then prevent all 'registered' email
> servers from receiving email from any 'unregistered' email server

Nobody gets to prevent my server from doing what I want.  My toys, my
rules.

> The exquisite beauty of this system is that the onus is no longer on
> the recipient to deal with the SPAM or viruses, but the sender to
> prove that it is NOT SPAM or a virus.

Why should I have to prove it to _your authority_?

> As an email virus could never be a registered SMTP mail server,

Why not?

> Financial accountability is required to enforce compliance with
> anti-SPAM regulations. If the registration of a new mail server, for
> which the domain name is less than 12 months old and if the new mail
> server owner was not able to be 'sponsored' or vouched for by a
> number of 'trusted' registered mail servers, required the new owner
> to supply a security bond of (suggested) US$2500+,

No.

I ain't gonna pay.  Deal with it.

Feel free to reject my email, of course; it's up to your users if
they'd rather get my email or pay you for email services.

> A yearly registration fee for each email server

will never be paid.

> Methods like 'SPF" and RMX are a great idea, but do not PROVE that
> the mail server is the registered mail server, only that it is a
> mail server that is communicating on port 25 of the public IP
> address for which the mail server operates. This leaves a private
> network utilising network address translation (NAT) wide open for
> Trojans, SPAMbots and viruses that could easily lookup the external
> IP address, perform a reverse lookup and masquerade the original
> mail server. This is not good.

Anybody who puts their outgoing mailswerver behind the same NAT
address as a bunch of luser boxes is an idiot.

Get the idea?

I don't want a central authority, and won't cooperate with one if
forced to.  (I will, of course, cooperate with various private
authorities to whatever extent I feel like at the time.)

Seth

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Subject: Re: [Asrg] MTA Trust Management / Authentication, Zombie Prevention and Virus & SPAM  Prevention
To: "Joshua Leisk" <josh@intechcomm.net.au>
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On 17 May 2004, at 07:53, Joshua Leisk wrote:

> "We" is yet to be decided - that why this why this is a group 
> effort... we
> want ideas here, which is why I am posting mine.
> "Who' need not be the same body as "We" - there could be a 3rd party
> 'Enforcement Agency', or many - the reporting is a separate function.. 
> we
> already have multiple blacklists, from multiple providers... no reason 
> why
> that can't continue, just in a different format.
>
> Single authority? - This is somewhat similar to the DNS and WHOIS.. 
> add your
> thoughts..
>
> COST -
> This is important - this is a 'bring a friend' arrangement - if your 
> mail
> server can be vouched for by others, there is no bond... In reality I 
> would
> prefer no bond at all and only have a 'circle of trust' that expands
> outwards... but you need to allow for net.newbies..
>
> Ongoing arrangements require identification checks, which incur time 
> and
> cost. Domain name registration costs, so what's the big deal paying 
> for a
> mail server while you're at it? Capitalism at its best. Work out what 
> spam
> and viruses cost you every year  - more than a yearly registration.

For a similar idea, check the archives for GIEIS. And read up on it at 
http://gieis.esmartguy.com/

Matt.


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From: Daniel Feenberg <feenberg@nber.org>
To: Joshua Leisk <nospam@intechcomm.net.au>
cc: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] MTA Trust Management / Authentication, Zombie Prevention
 and Virus & SPAM  Prevention
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On Mon, 17 May 2004, Joshua Leisk wrote:

>  
> <SNIP>
>  
> I propose that we need to construct a global registry of certified
> closed-relay, 'spoof'-proof email servers, married to the verified details
> of the server's owner, who are possibly placed under a financial security
> bond, depending on the age of the domain name and previous history, to
> operate it SPAM-free and then prevent all 'registered' email servers from
> receiving email from any 'unregistered' email server (or be cleaned and
> filed separately - see "'Softer' Variation of the Concept"), or accepting
> email client submissions from clients not using an encrypted password
> authentication, eg. SPA. 
> 

You will no doubt receive many replies stating why this practice would be
undesirable, but even if correct, those reasons have nothing to do with
why it is unlikely to be adopted. After all, many undesirable practices
survive quite hardily.

The basic problem is a lack of recipients willing to reject mail mail from
uncertified senders. Consider that in the early days of this project only
a few senders will be certified, and even if they are large and important,
any MTA operator who required certification before accepting mail would be
rejecting half their legitimate mail too. Of course, receiving MTAs might
ust white list certified servers (rather than reject uncertified ones), to
avoid rejecting spammy looking but legitimate mail from them, but that
provides only a tiny incentive for legitimate mailers to sign up for
certification. But that practice would provide a large incentive for
borderline spammers to try to get certification, and "regulatory capture
theory" (look it up) suggests that some will succeed. Eventually
certification will (in a statistical sense) predict spammy mail.

Transitions are sometimes very hard.

Dan Feenberg



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From: Richard Clayton <richard@highwayman.com>
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-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
Hash: SHA1

I hope this is useful:

I'm in the Security Group of the Computer Laboratory at the University
of Cambridge. Ben Laurie (yes, that Ben Laurie) and I have recently
been doing some sums on proof-of-work / client puzzles / hashcash
methods of imposing economic constraints upon the sending of spam...

Ben wanted to know how big a proof was needed for a practical scheme
he was considering -- and I told him it wasn't going to work. We then
carefully worked through all the calculations, using the best data
that we could obtain -- and we did indeed come to the conclusion that
proof-of-work is not a viable proposal :(

The paper we wrote about this was presented last week in Minneapolis
at the (academic, peer-reviewed) "Third Annual Workshop on Economics
and Information Security" (WEAS04)

We've doubtless duplicated the figures on the back of many an
envelope, but it is clearly useful to have the analysis in the formal
literature where our assumptions and figures can be considered and
possibly even improved upon by others.

Paper:

     http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~rnc1/proofwork.pdf

Slides from talk:

     http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~rnc1/talks/040514-ProofWork.pdf

Abstract:

     A frequently proposed method of reducing unsolicited bulk email
     ("spam") is for senders to pay for each email they send. Proof-
     of-work schemes avoid charging real money by requiring senders to
     demonstrate that they have expended processing time in solving a
     cryptographic puzzle. We attempt to determine how difficult that
     puzzle should be so as to be effective in preventing spam. We
     analyse this both from an economic perspective, "how can we stop
     it being cost-effective to send spam", and from a security
     perspective, "spammers can access insecure end-user machines and
     will steal processing cycles to solve puzzles". Both analyses
     lead to similar values of puzzle difficulty. Unfortunately, real-
     world data from a large ISP shows that these difficulty levels
     would mean that significant numbers of senders of legitimate
     email would be unable to continue their current levels of
     activity. We conclude that proof-of-work will not be a solution
     to the problem of spam.

=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-

For the avoidance of doubt, the type of scheme we believe we have
shown is not viable is one where all email (except "mailing list"
email) carries a "proof-of-work" along with it.

It may be that it is still sensible to consider composite schemes
where puzzles are only solved per sending host or where receivers use
puzzles to admit senders into whitelists...

... however, we would consider it incumbent on any proposer of such a
scheme to do similar calculations to ours before putting it forward.

     [ off-topic for here, but we also suspect that a number of proof-
     of-work schemes in peer-to-peer networks would fall to our type
     of real-world analysis :( people tend to use client puzzles as a
     kind of "magic fairy dust" to scatter over systems when they get
     stuck in their design :( ]

- -- 
richard                                              Richard Clayton

They that can give up essential liberty to obtain a little temporary
safety deserve neither liberty nor safety.         Benjamin Franklin

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I'm just idly curious (like you I have zero confidence in
proof-of-work schemes) but why wouldn't they all be equivalent to
"don't send me your next command for (at least) N seconds or I'll drop
the connection"? That'd be independent of CPU speed wouldn't it!

Or for that matter just don't respond with a 250 to their HELO for N
seconds and if they continue talking anyhow drop the connection
(something like this is in the current beta sendmail, 8.13.0beta.)

That's fairly easy to implement and how can a conformant MTA
distinguish a sneaky delay from a slow network? Most MTAs are
configured to wait a minute or two for the initial HELO anyhow.

Unless someone has a good answer this is why I've always thought these
proof-of-work/hashcash schemes were the product of dopes.


-- 
        -Barry Shein

Software Tool & Die    | bzs@TheWorld.com           | http://www.TheWorld.com
Purveyors to the Trade | Voice: 617-739-0202        | Login: 617-739-WRLD
The World              | Public Access Internet     | Since 1989     *oo*

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In-reply-to: <16553.26244.957274.207669@world.std.com> (message from Barry
	Shein on Mon, 17 May 2004 21:27:32 -0400)
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 3. Proof-of-work analysis
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Barry Shein <bzs@world.std.com> wrote:

> I'm just idly curious (like you I have zero confidence in
> proof-of-work schemes) but why wouldn't they all be equivalent to
> "don't send me your next command for (at least) N seconds or I'll
> drop the connection"? That'd be independent of CPU speed wouldn't
> it!

Spamware could parallel connections to umpteen million recipients and
send at full speed if all it had to do was wait.

> Or for that matter just don't respond with a 250 to their HELO for N
> seconds and if they continue talking anyhow drop the connection
> (something like this is in the current beta sendmail, 8.13.0beta.)

That works currently against spamware that pipelines illegally.  If it
becomes more common, that spamware will become less common.

Seth

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Subject: Re: [Asrg] 3. Proof-of-work analysis
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> I'm just idly curious (like you I have zero confidence in
> proof-of-work schemes) but why wouldn't they all be equivalent to
> "don't send me your next command for (at least) N seconds or I'll
> drop the connection"?

No, because "wait for N seconds" is parallelizable across many
connections, whereas "do N cpu-seconds of work" isn't.

At the root of one of the problems with p-o-w schemes is that there is
no easy way to tell what constitutes N cpu-seconds of work for the SMTP
client, so instead a problem of standardized hardness is substituted
(eg, "find a data block containing this random cookie whose SHA-1 hash
begins with N zero bits")....

> Or for that matter just don't respond with a 250 to their HELO for N
> seconds and if they continue talking anyhow drop the connection

Yes, that can be very effective.  (It will stay that way for a while,
too, until ratware authors implement one of the possible workarounds to
it...I'm already trying to think of workarounds and defenses against
them, against that day.)

> That's fairly easy to implement and how can a conformant MTA
> distinguish a sneaky delay from a slow network?

It can't.  But that's not what p-o-w schemes ask for; they ask for a
solution to a nonce problem of whatever hardness the server demands.

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From: "Hallam-Baker, Phillip" <pbaker@verisign.com>
To: "'Seth Breidbart'" <sethb@panix.com>, asrg@ietf.org
Subject: RE: [Asrg] 3. Proof-of-work analysis
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> Spamware could parallel connections to umpteen million recipients and
> send at full speed if all it had to do was wait.

Absolutely, this code is not your standard mail client stuff.

> > Or for that matter just don't respond with a 250 to their HELO for N
> > seconds and if they continue talking anyhow drop the connection
> > (something like this is in the current beta sendmail, 8.13.0beta.)
> 
> That works currently against spamware that pipelines illegally.  If it
> becomes more common, that spamware will become less common.

Problem is that there are lots of people using these techniques for
good reason. 'illegal' is a poor choice of language, SMTP is not an
act of parliament, nor is it a particularly great design. If you 
need to send out a million mails to your customers as Ebay does every 
day you cannot wait around a minute while someone's idiot sendmail
script runs.

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Subject: [Asrg] 3.bc - Microbonds and bonds in general
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The following was just posted to spf, but since that group is not focused
on spam technologies in general, it might be more usefull and productive 
if discussions about this concept happen here. I note that what is proposed
is kind of a merger of bondedsender and similar whitelists with micropayments
(or similar) system of confirmation of that whitelisting.

---------- Forwarded message ----------
Date: Tue, 18 May 2004 00:20:39 -0400
From: Meng Weng Wong <mengwong@dumbo.pobox.com>
Reply-To: spf-discuss@v2.listbox.com
To: spf-discuss@v2.listbox.com
Subject: Re: [spf-discuss] regarding hashcash / penny black and vanquish

On a related note regarding the sender-pays concept, I was recently
approached by www.vanquish.com.  The concept is similar to Yahoo
DomainKeys --- ISP-level cryptographic signatures embedded invisibly
in the message --- but adds an interesting twist: along with the
signature you get a microbond.

Not a micropayment, where each delivery always represents a financial
transaction; more like a microbet, where each delivery is underwritten
by a willingness to pay.  Essentially, senders say "I bet you 1 cent
that my message won't waste your time."  If the message is legit, the
recipient doesn't collect.  Only if it's spam does the recipient make
the sender pay.  I think this model accurately reflects real-world
economics.

Their business challenge is twofold: getting their zero-value bond (in
signature only mode) out into the market before Yahoo DomainKeys hits
the bigtime, and finding the industry niche who actually do want to
make use of this concept.

The great thing about sender authentication is that once it's in
place, you can start augmenting the email landscape in all kinds of
interesting ways like this one.

-------
Sender Policy Framework: http://spf.pobox.com/
Archives at http://archives.listbox.com/spf-discuss/current/
Latest draft at http://spf.pobox.com/spf-draft-200405.txtsc
Wiki: http://spfwiki.infinitepenguins.net/pmwiki.php/SenderPermittedFrom/


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	(pbaker@verisign.com)
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 3. Proof-of-work analysis
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"Hallam-Baker, Phillip" <pbaker@verisign.com> wrote:

>> > Or for that matter just don't respond with a 250 to their HELO for N
>> > seconds and if they continue talking anyhow drop the connection
>> > (something like this is in the current beta sendmail, 8.13.0beta.)
>> 
>> That works currently against spamware that pipelines illegally.  If it
>> becomes more common, that spamware will become less common.
>
> Problem is that there are lots of people using these techniques for
> good reason. 'illegal' is a poor choice of language,

OK, "in violation of the RFCs which state that pipelining is not
allowed unless the receiver advertises the capability".

> SMTP is not an act of parliament, nor is it a particularly great
> design. If you need to send out a million mails to your customers as
> Ebay does every day you cannot wait around a minute while someone's
> idiot sendmail script runs.

Then eBay is going to run into mail rejection problems due to improper
pipelining (if eBay actually uses that technique, which I don't know).

Seth

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From: Jonathan Morton <chromi@chromatix.demon.co.uk>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 3. Proof-of-work analysis
To: Richard Clayton <richard@highwayman.com>
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> I'm in the Security Group of the Computer Laboratory at the University
> of Cambridge. Ben Laurie (yes, that Ben Laurie) and I have recently
> been doing some sums on proof-of-work / client puzzles / hashcash
> methods of imposing economic constraints upon the sending of spam...
>
> Ben wanted to know how big a proof was needed for a practical scheme
> he was considering -- and I told him it wasn't going to work. We then
> carefully worked through all the calculations, using the best data
> that we could obtain -- and we did indeed come to the conclusion that
> proof-of-work is not a viable proposal :(

That's a very interesting paper, thank you.  I wonder, however, what 
the distribution curves are like when "regular correspondents" are 
exempted from proof-of-work, not just mailing lists.  Would it be 
possible to re-examine the MTA logs for this type of pattern?

By "regular correspondents" I mean people who know each other well 
enough to send mail regularly, not necessarily frequently - even once a 
week over a period of months.  I ask this because I expect that users 
with slow machines - who would otherwise be the group most 
inconvenienced by proof-of-work schemes - send mail that mostly falls 
into this category.  I don't know, however, how much of the overall 
picture is accounted for by these.

For future work, it might be instructive to identify various non-spam 
use-cases which appear to have a high proof-of-work load - ie. on the 
"long tail" of the distribution curves presented - and consider 
practical ways of relieving or accommodating it.

--------------------------------------------------------------
from:     Jonathan "Chromatix" Morton
mail:     chromi@chromatix.demon.co.uk
website:  http://www.chromatix.uklinux.net/
tagline:  The key to knowledge is not to rely on people to teach you it.


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>> That works currently against spamware that pipelines illegally.
> Problem is that there are lots of people using these techniques for
> good reason.

Problem?  What problem?  I am quite happy to reject mail from people
who think they deserve to be exempted from the RFCs that apply to
everyone else (such as the ones that forbid non-negotiated SMTP
pipelining), no matter how good they think their reasons.

> 'illegal' is a poor choice of language, SMTP is not an act of
> parliament,

I disagree here too.  `Illegal' is commonly used (in computer contexts
and even some non-computer contexts, such as chess) to mean "in
violation of applicable rules" even when those rules do not take the
form of mundane law.  Would you object to saying that an attempt to
move a knight as if it were a bishop in chess is an "illegal move"?
That certain machine-code bit patterns constitute "illegal
instructions"?

This is the sense in which ratware pipelines "illegally".

> If you need to send out a million mails to your customers as Ebay
> does every day you cannot wait around a minute while someone's idiot
> sendmail script runs.

If you think you're somehow "above" the RFCs, you not only _deserve_ to
have your mail refused, you _will_ have your mail refused - at rates
that increase with the perceived severity of the violation.  "But I
need to send out more than my machine can handle if I have to follow
the rules" will be, quite properly, answered with "then get more
machines".  Being big does not exempt you from the rules, no matter how
much organizations like your email provider might wish it did.

/~\ The ASCII				der Mouse
\ / Ribbon Campaign
 X  Against HTML	       mouse@rodents.montreal.qc.ca
/ \ Email!	     7D C8 61 52 5D E7 2D 39  4E F1 31 3E E8 B3 27 4B

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From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@ox.org>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 3. Proof-of-work analysis 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Tue, 18 May 2004 01:04:31 EDT."
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der Mouse <mouse@Rodents.Montreal.QC.CA> wrote:
> > I'm just idly curious (like you I have zero confidence in
> > proof-of-work schemes) but why wouldn't they all be equivalent to
> > "don't send me your next command for (at least) N seconds or I'll
> > drop the connection"?
> 
> No, because "wait for N seconds" is parallelizable across many
> connections, whereas "do N cpu-seconds of work" isn't.

  Many MTA's can limit the number of simultaneous connections from
clients, and can group the connections into pools.  Until the spam
attempts went up by another order of magnitude, I was quite successful
in limiting my MTA to ~50 connections, with ~10 reserved for the pool
of MX's that most of my traffic came from.

  In the end, it was easier to discard the domain, and move to another
one.  But that solution doesn't scale, which is why we're here.

  Alan DeKok.

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From: Richard Clayton <richard@highwayman.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 3. Proof-of-work analysis
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Hash: SHA1

In article <CB27C1AA-A8AB-11D8-B336-000393863768@chromatix.demon.co.uk>,
Jonathan Morton <chromi@chromatix.demon.co.uk> writes

>> We then
>> carefully worked through all the calculations, using the best data
>> that we could obtain -- and we did indeed come to the conclusion that
>> proof-of-work is not a viable proposal :(
>
>That's a very interesting paper, thank you.  I wonder, however, what 
>the distribution curves are like when "regular correspondents" are 
>exempted from proof-of-work, not just mailing lists.  Would it be 
>possible to re-examine the MTA logs for this type of pattern?

in principle yes ... however I doubt that the systems at the top of the
curve (sending lots of email per day) would have regular correspondents.
Besides the people running mailing lists, they will be e-commerce
systems sending acknowledgements, hospitals confirming appointments, fax
delivery systems relaying incoming messages etc.

However, I could not be sure of that statement without a fair amount of
processing. Since I'd like to know how much of the top of the curve
involves mailing lists, that's not processing that I'm averse to doing.

>By "regular correspondents" I mean people who know each other well 
>enough to send mail regularly, not necessarily frequently - even once a 
>week over a period of months.  I ask this because I expect that users 
>with slow machines - who would otherwise be the group most 
>inconvenienced by proof-of-work schemes - send mail that mostly falls 
>into this category.  I don't know, however, how much of the overall 
>picture is accounted for by these.

I don't see why one should expect any correlation between machine speed
and regularity of sending email. Many businesses will not splash out for
admin staff machines, so it is they as well as aged parents who might be
expected to have old kit :)

>For future work, it might be instructive to identify various non-spam 
>use-cases which appear to have a high proof-of-work load - ie. on the 
>"long tail" of the distribution curves presented - and consider 
>practical ways of relieving or accommodating it.

indeed so ... though you should note that there is not much difference
between spam viability thresholds and the average case, let alone power-
users.

For proof-of-work to look plausible (and not a high-risk strategy) I'd
like to see factors of a thousand or more between plausible workloads
for legitimate senders and any economically viable spamming activity :-(

- -- 
richard                                              Richard Clayton

They that can give up essential liberty to obtain a little temporary
safety deserve neither liberty nor safety.         Benjamin Franklin

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From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@ox.org>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 3. Proof-of-work analysis 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Tue, 18 May 2004 05:48:37 EDT."
             <200405181002.GAA26962@Sparkle.Rodents.Montreal.QC.CA> 
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der Mouse <mouse@Rodents.Montreal.QC.CA> wrote:
> >> That works currently against spamware that pipelines illegally.
> > Problem is that there are lots of people using these techniques for
> > good reason.
> 
> Problem?  What problem?  I am quite happy to reject mail from people
> who think they deserve to be exempted from the RFCs that apply to
> everyone else

  Is this another example of the SMTP spec having requirements, but
supplying no provisions for satisfying, or enforcing, those
requirements?

  Similar weaknesses exist in other protocols, but they're less
problematic for a whole host of reasons.

  Hmm... I think it's time for me to update my attempt at creating a
document describing "how spammers abuse fields and flaws in SMTP, and
why".

  Alan DeKok.

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To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 3. Proof-of-work analysis
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>>>> That works currently against spamware that pipelines illegally.
>>> Problem is that there are lots of people using these techniques for
>>> good reason.
>> Problem?  What problem?  I am quite happy to reject mail from people
>> who think they deserve to be exempted from the RFCs that apply to
>> everyone else
> Is this another example of the SMTP spec having requirements, but
> supplying no provisions for satisfying, or enforcing, those
> requirements?

Right.  Like most protocols, the enforcement mechanism consists of
interoperation failures.  However, unlike most protocols, historical
implementations of SMTP have tolerated many and egregious protocol
violations, so there is a chicken-and-egg problem with rolling in
protocol conformance checks.

Illegal pipelining is just one of the forms of protocol violation that
has historically been tolerated, and has current prominence because
it's now being abused by ratware.  This has produced a positive side to
adopting pipelining conformance checks, counterbalancing the negative
side that has kept such checks out until now.  We're now in the
uncomfortable unsettled transition period from widely unchecked and
nonconforming to widely checked and conforming.

/~\ The ASCII				der Mouse
\ / Ribbon Campaign
 X  Against HTML	       mouse@rodents.montreal.qc.ca
/ \ Email!	     7D C8 61 52 5D E7 2D 39  4E F1 31 3E E8 B3 27 4B

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>>> We then
>>> carefully worked through all the calculations, using the best data
>>> that we could obtain -- and we did indeed come to the conclusion that
>>> proof-of-work is not a viable proposal :(
>>
>> That's a very interesting paper, thank you.  I wonder, however, what
>> the distribution curves are like when "regular correspondents" are
>> exempted from proof-of-work, not just mailing lists.  Would it be
>> possible to re-examine the MTA logs for this type of pattern?
>
> in principle yes ... however I doubt that the systems at the top of the
> curve (sending lots of email per day) would have regular 
> correspondents.
> Besides the people running mailing lists, they will be e-commerce
> systems sending acknowledgements, hospitals confirming appointments, 
> fax
> delivery systems relaying incoming messages etc.

Let's think about the statistical significance a bit.  The Net-wide 
average is about 3 people per host, but most hosts have only one or two 
people behind them.  The discrepancy may well be made up for by a small 
number of hosts handling very large numbers of people.

As an example, Lancaster University provides a central UNIX-shell 
cluster for all students, among the services of which was the official 
e-mail system.  Because it's a UNIX shell system, the mail is sent from 
the members of the cluster, not from the terminal used to log on.  So, 
in theory, the Internet sees 10,000 students sharing three 4-way Sun 
workstations (this, at least, was what the configuration used to be).

In practice, about 60% of those students are off-campus and typically 
use third-party ISPs for personal correspondence anyway, and an 
increasingly large proportion of the remainder use personal computers 
from their rooms - but you can see the principle.

And yes, I agree that this particular use-case is fairly pessimal in 
terms of proof-of-work scenarios.  However, intra-campus communications 
are typically quite well-ordered, so (with careful management around 
the beginning of the academic year) it could still be possible to use 
the same three workstations in a proof-of-work world.

>> By "regular correspondents" I mean people who know each other well
>> enough to send mail regularly, not necessarily frequently - even once 
>> a
>> week over a period of months.  I ask this because I expect that users
>> with slow machines - who would otherwise be the group most
>> inconvenienced by proof-of-work schemes - send mail that mostly falls
>> into this category.  I don't know, however, how much of the overall
>> picture is accounted for by these.
>
> I don't see why one should expect any correlation between machine speed
> and regularity of sending email. Many businesses will not splash out 
> for
> admin staff machines, so it is they as well as aged parents who might 
> be
> expected to have old kit :)

I'm afraid I don't have much insight into how business e-mail patterns 
go.  That's why I'm asking you for the statistics.  :)

Point taken, anyway - chalk this one up as another use-case to be 
considered.  It could be that the business might set up it's own 
proof-of-work server cluster for internal use, rather than upgrading 
individual workstations, or else rent time as needed on a third-party's 
cluster.

FWIW, I treat mailing lists as a special case of "regular 
correspondent", and as such I don't think it's necessary to distinguish 
them per se.  You might like to consider this when compiling your 
statistics.

>> For future work, it might be instructive to identify various non-spam
>> use-cases which appear to have a high proof-of-work load - ie. on the
>> "long tail" of the distribution curves presented - and consider
>> practical ways of relieving or accommodating it.
>
> indeed so ... though you should note that there is not much difference
> between spam viability thresholds and the average case, let alone 
> power-
> users.

For the brute-force proof-of-work scheme you assume in the paper, this 
is undoubtedly true.  I'm asking for more statistics to try and reveal 
whether the ways we've thought of, for making it less brute-force, are 
viable.

> For proof-of-work to look plausible (and not a high-risk strategy) I'd
> like to see factors of a thousand or more between plausible workloads
> for legitimate senders and any economically viable spamming activity 
> :-(

For my own usage pattern, assuming proof-of-work is exempted for 
regular correspondents, this is approximately true.  I talk almost 
exclusively to mailing lists and people I know pretty well.

Occasionally I get a question from someone I don't know, but this is 
rare enough that I could, if necessary, give up 60 seconds of my 
PowerBook's CPU time to send a reply, without too much fuss - after 
all, it would have taken me at least that long to write it.  I'd still 
be concerned about the time taken on a slower machine, though.

However, looking instead at the mail I *receive*, I can see a number of 
remote systems which could, potentially, be heavily burdened by 
proof-of-work.  However, these aren't as common as you might think.

Forum update notifications?  These come in frequently and from 
predictable sources, so I might as well whitelist them as a regular 
correspondent.  The same goes for news and status mailings from my ISP 
and various other organisations.

E-commerce transaction confirmations?  If it only costs a fractional 
cent per PoW token (because you're managing the hardware in bulk), it 
disappears next to the cost of the currency handling.  Remember, I'm 
imagining that you can centralise the effort and effectively rent space 
on someone else's cluster for this, so even small shops see the same 
kinds of low cost.  In practice, most e-commerce systems I've seen use 
a double-opt-in e-mail registration process, very similar to mailing 
lists, so similar mechanisms could apply.

As for tech support and sales enquiries, you're paying the staff 
sitting at the workstation at least national minimum wage (several 
dollars an hour), and they have a physical limit to how fast they can 
type and send mails.  The cost of attaching tokens to those mails is 
miniscule in comparison.  Whether it happens on the workstation or 
centrally is a matter of logistics - but if the workstation is already 
fast enough, the costs become essentially nil.

Registration confirmations?  Seriously, these are *supposed* to be 
rare.  I'd like to know what kind of system processes more 
registrations than actual service, before I consider this to be a 
problem.

I used to get e-cards from a few people.  These are typically sent from 
the e-card vendor's system at present - a bad practice, but oh well.  
If the cost of generating proof-of-work is too high for the e-card 
vendor, they can get the sender to download the e-card and send it 
themselves.  I'm not too worried about that.

That leaves one big category:  Web Mail.  The likes of Hotmail and 
Yahoo don't charge for sending e-mail from their systems, except 
perhaps in terms of banner ads.  They also handle ginormous amounts of 
said mail, which could make a proof-of-work switch-on relatively 
difficult for them.  However, most of their clients are low-end home 
users, who, on average, may have relatively favourable contact 
patterns.  For this, we could do with more statistics.

Any more?

--------------------------------------------------------------
from:     Jonathan "Chromatix" Morton
mail:     chromi@chromatix.demon.co.uk
website:  http://www.chromatix.uklinux.net/
tagline:  The key to knowledge is not to rely on people to teach you it.


_______________________________________________
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https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg



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Subject: RE: [Asrg] 3. Proof-of-work analysis
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At 10:53 PM -0700 5/17/04, Hallam-Baker, Phillip wrote:
>>  Spamware could parallel connections to umpteen million recipients and
>>  send at full speed if all it had to do was wait.
>
>Absolutely, this code is not your standard mail client stuff.

That depends on what you mean by 'mail client.' There are common 
modern MTA's that will parallelize quite heavily by default, and for 
most of a decade there have been transport agents designed for 
mailing lists with tunable parallelization.

The class of spammers that seems to have the biggest problem with 
slow transaction times has a logically intrinsic problem there. These 
are the  compromised machine users, who are not free to tune systems 
for broad parallelization and for whom longer per-host connect times 
and/or broad parallelization per harnessed zombie mean greater 
likelihood of getting caught and evicted from the machines they 
trespass on sooner than if they simply fire off all of their outbound 
data for a single target as if assuming that all responses will be 
positive. There is at least one spammer/ratware combination in 
operation right now that is actually sending the entire client-side 
part of an SMTP session in a single TCP segment.

>>  > Or for that matter just don't respond with a 250 to their HELO for N
>>  > seconds and if they continue talking anyhow drop the connection
>>  > (something like this is in the current beta sendmail, 8.13.0beta.)
>>
>>  That works currently against spamware that pipelines illegally.  If it
>>  becomes more common, that spamware will become less common.
>
>Problem is that there are lots of people using these techniques for
>good reason. 'illegal' is a poor choice of language, SMTP is not an
>act of parliament, nor is it a particularly great design.

I'm not sure that you and Seth are understanding 'pipelines 
illegally' in the same way. There is a defined standard for when and 
how an SMTP client can pipeline which includes some carefully 
reasoned times when pipelining cannot be  correct behavior. Spamware 
today breaks the natural rules about what can be pipelined, not just 
the social rules about whether a sender should try pipelining when 
the EHLO response isn't there.

>If you
>need to send out a million mails to your customers as Ebay does every
>day you cannot wait around a minute while someone's idiot sendmail
>script runs.

1. Yes, you can. It's a parallelization  issue for the sender, and 
legitimate high-volume senders deal with 30-90 second delays per SMTP 
command all the time.  It is an issue of system design and tuning.

2. Using Ebay as an example of a legitimate mailer is a cute bit of 
humor. I understand that they are a very different operation from the 
zombie herders, but   it is of dubious value to look at the problem 
of spam technically only and reference chronically unethical 
high-volume mailers like Ebay, Verisign, Microsoft, Digital Impact, 
Topica, and Yahoo as a set that needs to fit within any technical 
approach.  (and yes, that's a very incomplete list) It may be that in 
order to address the behavior of the Alan Ralsky's and Scott 
Richter's of the world, the big guys who are not doing anything that 
is criminal (at least not in the US and/or not yet proven in a court 
of law) and have names everyone knows will have to rework or even 
abandon their use of email as a broadcast medium.

Spam is a problem in large part because of the non-uniform economies 
of scale that have existed for email and the unreasonable 
expectations of economies of scale extending into very large scales, 
i.e. that because there is not a tenfold difference in capital and 
operational cost between sending to one hundred and one thousand, 
that there should not be a tenfold increase in cost between a hundred 
thousand and a million. It is that sort of expectation which drives 
the 'legit' companies to cut corners on ethical list management and 
whine about being unable to handle delays (where 'handle' really 
means 'comfortably fund the needed resources to work with') and leads 
to the sort of behavior that the NYAG has documented: subcontracting 
layers leading from seemingly legitimate companies down to zombie 
rustlers.


-- 
Bill Cole
bill@scconsult.com


_______________________________________________
Asrg mailing list
Asrg@ietf.org
https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg



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At 10:53 PM -0700 5/17/04, Hallam-Baker, Phillip wrote:
>>  Spamware could parallel connections to umpteen million recipients and
>>  send at full speed if all it had to do was wait.
>
>Absolutely, this code is not your standard mail client stuff.

That depends on what you mean by 'mail client.' There are common 
modern MTA's that will parallelize quite heavily by default, and for 
most of a decade there have been transport agents designed for 
mailing lists with tunable parallelization.

The class of spammers that seems to have the biggest problem with 
slow transaction times has a logically intrinsic problem there. These 
are the  compromised machine users, who are not free to tune systems 
for broad parallelization and for whom longer per-host connect times 
and/or broad parallelization per harnessed zombie mean greater 
likelihood of getting caught and evicted from the machines they 
trespass on sooner than if they simply fire off all of their outbound 
data for a single target as if assuming that all responses will be 
positive. There is at least one spammer/ratware combination in 
operation right now that is actually sending the entire client-side 
part of an SMTP session in a single TCP segment.

>>  > Or for that matter just don't respond with a 250 to their HELO for N
>>  > seconds and if they continue talking anyhow drop the connection
>>  > (something like this is in the current beta sendmail, 8.13.0beta.)
>>
>>  That works currently against spamware that pipelines illegally.  If it
>>  becomes more common, that spamware will become less common.
>
>Problem is that there are lots of people using these techniques for
>good reason. 'illegal' is a poor choice of language, SMTP is not an
>act of parliament, nor is it a particularly great design.

I'm not sure that you and Seth are understanding 'pipelines 
illegally' in the same way. There is a defined standard for when and 
how an SMTP client can pipeline which includes some carefully 
reasoned times when pipelining cannot be  correct behavior. Spamware 
today breaks the natural rules about what can be pipelined, not just 
the social rules about whether a sender should try pipelining when 
the EHLO response isn't there.

>If you
>need to send out a million mails to your customers as Ebay does every
>day you cannot wait around a minute while someone's idiot sendmail
>script runs.

1. Yes, you can. It's a parallelization  issue for the sender, and 
legitimate high-volume senders deal with 30-90 second delays per SMTP 
command all the time.  It is an issue of system design and tuning.

2. Using Ebay as an example of a legitimate mailer is a cute bit of 
humor. I understand that they are a very different operation from the 
zombie herders, but   it is of dubious value to look at the problem 
of spam technically only and reference chronically unethical 
high-volume mailers like Ebay, Verisign, Microsoft, Digital Impact, 
Topica, and Yahoo as a set that needs to fit within any technical 
approach.  (and yes, that's a very incomplete list) It may be that in 
order to address the behavior of the Alan Ralsky's and Scott 
Richter's of the world, the big guys who are not doing anything that 
is criminal (at least not in the US and/or not yet proven in a court 
of law) and have names everyone knows will have to rework or even 
abandon their use of email as a broadcast medium.

Spam is a problem in large part because of the non-uniform economies 
of scale that have existed for email and the unreasonable 
expectations of economies of scale extending into very large scales, 
i.e. that because there is not a tenfold difference in capital and 
operational cost between sending to one hundred and one thousand, 
that there should not be a tenfold increase in cost between a hundred 
thousand and a million. It is that sort of expectation which drives 
the 'legit' companies to cut corners on ethical list management and 
whine about being unable to handle delays (where 'handle' really 
means 'comfortably fund the needed resources to work with') and leads 
to the sort of behavior that the NYAG has documented: subcontracting 
layers leading from seemingly legitimate companies down to zombie 
rustlers.


-- 
Bill Cole
bill@scconsult.com


_______________________________________________
Asrg mailing list
Asrg@ietf.org
https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg



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Subject: Don't blame the list, blame me (was RE: [Asrg] 3. Proof-of-work
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At 8:22 PM -0400 5/18/04, Bill Cole wrote:
[ the same thing twice in a minute]

Demonstrating how odd mail software can be, one generally does not 
expect a MUA to kick back an error on a typo'd address during a send 
AND proceed to correct that formatting error on its own and complete 
the send. At least I didn't expect that. I apologize for the 
duplicate, and believe I have added a bit of idiot-proofing that 
clearly I need to prevent a recurrence.


-- 
Bill Cole
bill@scconsult.com


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From: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>
Organization: SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc.
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Registration has opened for the 60th IETF meeting in San Diego. The ASRG 
will hopefully be having a meeting there as well. More info on 
registration can be found here:

http://www.ietf.org/meetings/IETF-60.html

Yakov
--
Yakov Shafranovich / asrg <at> shaftek.org
SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc. / research <at> solidmatrix.com
"Some lies are easier to believe than the truth" (Dune)

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 From MARID list.

-------- Original Message --------
Subject: Yahoo! Mail Publishes Specification for DomainKeys
Date: Tue, 18 May 2004 10:46:32 -0400
From: Larry Seltzer <larry@larryseltzer.com>
To: 'IETF MARID WG' <ietf-mxcomp@imc.org>


(see http://antispam.yahoo.com/domainkeys in particular)

LJS

Yahoo! Mail Publishes Specification for DomainKeys

E-mail Authentication Solution Filed with IETF;

Alpha Version of Open Source Code Available

WHAT:

On Tuesday, May 18, Yahoo! announces the publication of its 
specification on DomainKeys,
a cryptographic e-mail authentication solution to help fight spam.

DomainKeys: In order to attack spam at its roots, a powerful solution is 
needed that can
verify the identity of the e-mail sender and put an end to spoofing and 
forgery.
DomainKeys help fight spam by providing strong assurance of both the 
sender's identity
and the integrity of the e-mail content through the use of 
public/private key
cryptography.

On Monday, May 17, the company filed the spec as an Internet-draft with 
the IETF
(Internet Engineering Task Force) standards body to begin the 
standardization process.

Additionally, Yahoo! is currently developing a reference implementation 
for DomainKeys
that can be plugged into Message Transfer Agents (MTAs), such as qmail. 
An alpha version
of this software will be released under a royalty free license at 
SourceForge.net.

WHERE:

The specification, license terms and FAQs are posted on Yahoo!'s 
Anti-Spam Resource
Center:  http://antispam.yahoo.com
The alpha version of the software will be hosted at SourceForge.net at:
http://sourceforge.net/index.php

--
Yakov Shafranovich / asrg <at> shaftek.org
SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc. / research <at> solidmatrix.com
"There is nothing new under the sun" (Eccls. 1:9)

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Another thought also. while I am in the typing mood.

(I hope I am not recycling here)

Any legal approach should have a "Those who profit from Spam" clause

In other words let the law go after the profiteers not just the senders

These are easy to trace as their details are invariably in the emails

After all they are the ones who pay for the spam to be sent. without them it
would not be sent period!

In the case of 'affiliates' it would be required by the law for the "profit
taker" to turn over the affilliates details so the affilliate can be
prosecuted (if possible).

Should a company fail to reign in affilliates, they may then become liable
themselves.

Again the affiliates details are contained in each email. and thus easily
traceable.


Regards
Chris




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From: "Chris" <asrg@rebel.com.au>
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Hi all

Has anyone else noticed that they spend more time filtering out viruses
(dont start the plural thread!)

I cleaned out 20 this morning all from me to me (Grrr)

Although this is not the anti email borne virus group [aebvg] I suggest
anything that is ratified should also be able to minimise the spread of
such. especially as such virus are prime candidates for 'trojanising' a
machine for the spread of spam

Regards
Chris



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At 10:53 PM -0700 5/17/04, Hallam-Baker, Phillip wrote:
>>  Spamware could parallel connections to umpteen million recipients and
>>  send at full speed if all it had to do was wait.
>
>Absolutely, this code is not your standard mail client stuff.

That depends on what you mean by 'mail client.' There are common 
modern MTA's that will parallelize quite heavily by default, and for 
most of a decade there have been transport agents designed for 
mailing lists with tunable parallelization.

The class of spammers that seems to have the biggest problem with 
slow transaction times has a logically intrinsic problem there. These 
are the  compromised machine users, who are not free to tune systems 
for broad parallelization and for whom longer per-host connect times 
and/or broad parallelization per harnessed zombie mean greater 
likelihood of getting caught and evicted from the machines they 
trespass on sooner than if they simply fire off all of their outbound 
data for a single target as if assuming that all responses will be 
positive. There is at least one spammer/ratware combination in 
operation right now that is actually sending the entire client-side 
part of an SMTP session in a single TCP segment.

>>  > Or for that matter just don't respond with a 250 to their HELO for N
>>  > seconds and if they continue talking anyhow drop the connection
>>  > (something like this is in the current beta sendmail, 8.13.0beta.)
>>
>>  That works currently against spamware that pipelines illegally.  If it
>>  becomes more common, that spamware will become less common.
>
>Problem is that there are lots of people using these techniques for
>good reason. 'illegal' is a poor choice of language, SMTP is not an
>act of parliament, nor is it a particularly great design.

I'm not sure that you and Seth are understanding 'pipelines 
illegally' in the same way. There is a defined standard for when and 
how an SMTP client can pipeline which includes some carefully 
reasoned times when pipelining cannot be  correct behavior. Spamware 
today breaks the natural rules about what can be pipelined, not just 
the social rules about whether a sender should try pipelining when 
the EHLO response isn't there.

>If you
>need to send out a million mails to your customers as Ebay does every
>day you cannot wait around a minute while someone's idiot sendmail
>script runs.

1. Yes, you can. It's a parallelization  issue for the sender, and 
legitimate high-volume senders deal with 30-90 second delays per SMTP 
command all the time.  It is an issue of system design and tuning.

2. Using Ebay as an example of a legitimate mailer is a cute bit of 
humor. I understand that they are a very different operation from the 
zombie herders, but   it is of dubious value to look at the problem 
of spam technically only and reference chronically unethical 
high-volume mailers like Ebay, Verisign, Microsoft, Digital Impact, 
Topica, and Yahoo as a set that needs to fit within any technical 
approach.  (and yes, that's a very incomplete list) It may be that in 
order to address the behavior of the Alan Ralsky's and Scott 
Richter's of the world, the big guys who are not doing anything that 
is criminal (at least not in the US and/or not yet proven in a court 
of law) and have names everyone knows will have to rework or even 
abandon their use of email as a broadcast medium.

Spam is a problem in large part because of the non-uniform economies 
of scale that have existed for email and the unreasonable 
expectations of economies of scale extending into very large scales, 
i.e. that because there is not a tenfold difference in capital and 
operational cost between sending to one hundred and one thousand, 
that there should not be a tenfold increase in cost between a hundred 
thousand and a million. It is that sort of expectation which drives 
the 'legit' companies to cut corners on ethical list management and 
whine about being unable to handle delays (where 'handle' really 
means 'comfortably fund the needed resources to work with') and leads 
to the sort of behavior that the NYAG has documented: subcontracting 
layers leading from seemingly legitimate companies down to zombie 
rustlers.


-- 
Bill Cole
bill@scconsult.com


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Here's a forward of parts of an email I sent to Richard with comments on
his and Ben's paper (sent me a pre-print off-list a couple of weeks ago):


One obvious comment is that the calculations do not take account of
the CAMRAM approach of charging for introductions only.  You mention
this in the final para of conclusions as another possible.


My presumption tho don't have hard stats to measure the effect is that
much of email is to-and-fro between existing correspondents.  So if I
were only to incur the cost of creating a stamp at time of sending to
a new recipient, I could bear a higher cost without running into
limits.

However the types of levels of cost envisaged are aesthetically
unpleasing; I'd say 15 seconds is not very noticeable 15 mins is
noticeable and 1.5 hrs is definately noticeable.


Of course your other point that we don't know how spammers will adapt
is valid.  My presumption is that spam would continue apace, the best
you could hope for would be that it is more targetted, that there are
financial incentives in place to make it worth while buying
demographics data.  (After all when you consider the cost of sending
junk paper mail is way higher, printing plus postage, and yet we still
receive plenty of that).

Also as you observe if the cost of spamming goes up, perhaps they'll
just charge more.  We don't know how elastic the demand curve is.
Profitability, success rates etc are one part of it.  There is an
interplay also: if quantity goes down, perhaps the success rate on the
remaining goes up.  Another theory is that a sizeable chunk of spam is
just a ponzi scheme: the person paying does not make money, but a lot
of dummy's keep paying for it anyway.




Another potential problem with proof-of-work on introductions only, is
that if the introduction is fully automated without recipient opt-in,
spammers could also benefit from this amortized cost.  So I would say
something like the sender sent a proof-of-work, and the recipient took
some positive action, like replying, filing otherwise than junk or
such should be the minimum to get white-listed.




On the ebiz web site problem, I think these guys present a problem for
the whole approach.  An ebiz site will want to send lots of mail to
apparent new recipients (no introductions only saving), a popular ebiz
site may need to send lots of mail.


Well it is ebiz so perhaps they just pass the cost on to the consumer
and buy some more servers.




Another possibility is the user has to opt-in by pre-white-listing
them, however the integration to achieve this is currently missing and
would seem a difficult piece of automation to retrofit.




One of the distinguishing characteristics of a spammer is the
imbalance between mail sent and mail received.  Unfortunately I do not
see a convenient way to penalize people who fall into this category.




Also because of network effect concerns my current hashcash deployment
is to use it as a way to reduce false positives, rather than directly
requiring hashcash.  Well over time this could come to the same thing,
but it gives it a gentle start, so we'll see how long it is before the
1st genuine spam with hashcash attached.

CAMRAM's approach is distinct and is literally going straight for the
objective of bouncing mail without some kind of proof (hashcash or
reverse-turing, or short term ability to reply to email
challenge-response).

Adam

Richard Clayton wrote:
> [...] Ben Laurie) and I have recently
> been doing some sums on proof-of-work / client puzzles / hashcash
> methods of imposing economic constraints upon the sending of spam...
> 
> Ben wanted to know how big a proof was needed for a practical scheme
> he was considering -- and I told him it wasn't going to work. We then
> carefully worked through all the calculations, using the best data
> that we could obtain -- and we did indeed come to the conclusion that
> proof-of-work is not a viable proposal :(

> Paper:
> 
>      http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~rnc1/proofwork.pdf



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To: "william(at)elan.net" <william@elan.net>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 3.bc - Microbonds and bonds in general
References: <Pine.LNX.4.44.0405180027500.30536-100000@sokol.elan.net>
In-Reply-To: <Pine.LNX.4.44.0405180027500.30536-100000@sokol.elan.net>
X-Habeas-SWE-1: winter into spring
X-Habeas-SWE-2: brightly anticipated
X-Habeas-SWE-3: like Habeas SWE (tm)
X-Habeas-SWE-4: Copyright 2002 Habeas (tm)
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X-Habeas-SWE-6: email in exchange for a license for this Habeas
X-Habeas-SWE-7: warrant mark warrants that this is a Habeas Compliant
X-Habeas-SWE-8: Message (HCM) and not spam. Please report use of this
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I like the Vanquish folks and their system and I've spoken with most of 
their staff at length.
I suggested that they get code that validates a Vanquish microbond into 
SpamAssassin, but it hasn't happened - not even a bug filed about it in 
SA's bugzilla. (Just checked.)
(Vanquish's imperfections were the C/R part and the bugs and the 
centralized 'bank'.)

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From: "Chris" <asrg@rebel.com.au>
To: "Yakov Shafranovich" <research@solidmatrix.com>, "ASRG" <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: [Asrg] 6 - Yahoo Domain Keys
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Domian keys works for me :)

Except I believe provision should be made for any intervening MTA's to add
their own Domain Key
thus allowing the injection point be traced for legacy mail systems.

Regards
Chris



> -----Original Message-----
> From: asrg-admin@ietf.org [mailto:asrg-admin@ietf.org]On Behalf Of Yakov
> Shafranovich
> Sent: Wednesday, 19 May 2004 10:58 AM
> To: ASRG
> Subject: [Asrg] [Fwd: Yahoo! Mail Publishes Specification for
> DomainKeys]
>
>
>  From MARID list.
>
> -------- Original Message --------
> Subject: Yahoo! Mail Publishes Specification for DomainKeys
> Date: Tue, 18 May 2004 10:46:32 -0400
> From: Larry Seltzer <larry@larryseltzer.com>
> To: 'IETF MARID WG' <ietf-mxcomp@imc.org>
>
>
> (see http://antispam.yahoo.com/domainkeys in particular)
>
> LJS
>
> Yahoo! Mail Publishes Specification for DomainKeys
>
> E-mail Authentication Solution Filed with IETF;
>
> Alpha Version of Open Source Code Available
>
> WHAT:
>
> On Tuesday, May 18, Yahoo! announces the publication of its
> specification on DomainKeys,
> a cryptographic e-mail authentication solution to help fight spam.
>
> DomainKeys: In order to attack spam at its roots, a powerful solution is
> needed that can
> verify the identity of the e-mail sender and put an end to spoofing and
> forgery.
> DomainKeys help fight spam by providing strong assurance of both the
> sender's identity
> and the integrity of the e-mail content through the use of
> public/private key
> cryptography.
>
> On Monday, May 17, the company filed the spec as an Internet-draft with
> the IETF
> (Internet Engineering Task Force) standards body to begin the
> standardization process.
>
> Additionally, Yahoo! is currently developing a reference implementation
> for DomainKeys
> that can be plugged into Message Transfer Agents (MTAs), such as qmail.
> An alpha version
> of this software will be released under a royalty free license at
> SourceForge.net.
>
> WHERE:
>
> The specification, license terms and FAQs are posted on Yahoo!'s
> Anti-Spam Resource
> Center:  http://antispam.yahoo.com
> The alpha version of the software will be hosted at SourceForge.net at:
> http://sourceforge.net/index.php
>
> --
> Yakov Shafranovich / asrg <at> shaftek.org
> SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc. / research <at> solidmatrix.com
> "There is nothing new under the sun" (Eccls. 1:9)
>
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg


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To: asrg@ietf.org
From: Richard Clayton <richard@highwayman.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 3. Proof-of-work analysis
References: <LV1hjGBSmTqAFAry@highwayman.com>
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In article <03A0F711-A929-11D8-B336-000393863768@chromatix.demon.co.uk>,
Jonathan Morton <chromi@chromatix.demon.co.uk> writes

>> however I doubt that the systems at the top of the
>> curve (sending lots of email per day) would have regular 
>> correspondents.
>> Besides the people running mailing lists, they will be e-commerce
>> systems sending acknowledgements, hospitals confirming appointments, 
>> fax
>> delivery systems relaying incoming messages etc.
>
>Let's think about the statistical significance a bit.  The Net-wide 
>average is about 3 people per host, 

in the paper we calculate this as 2.5 -- but given the nature of the
figures we are using, 3 is just about as accurate :)

>but most hosts have only one or two 
>people behind them.  

hmm... I think you're forgetting how many children use the Internet

>The discrepancy may well be made up for by a small 
>number of hosts handling very large numbers of people.

perhaps

>As an example, Lancaster University provides a central UNIX-shell 
>cluster for all students, among the services of which was the official 
>e-mail system.  Because it's a UNIX shell system, the mail is sent from 
>the members of the cluster, not from the terminal used to log on.  So, 
>in theory, the Internet sees 10,000 students sharing three 4-way Sun 
>workstations (this, at least, was what the configuration used to be).

sorry, you're not counting hosts here, but MTAs. I have no global
figures on MTA populations to hand -- and I'm not sure if anyone else
has that sort of data

looking at RIPE I see that Lancaster has 144.88.0.0/16 (as well as a /20
and some IPv6 space). You aren't allowed /16s with just 4 hosts, so
though I doubt that the 10K students are actually using 64K hosts, I
suspect that the ratio of people to hosts is somewhere near the overall
Internet average

>In practice, about 60% of those students are off-campus and typically 
>use third-party ISPs for personal correspondence anyway, and an 
>increasingly large proportion of the remainder use personal computers 
>from their rooms - but you can see the principle.

sorry, no -- the people with their own machines would generate their own
proof-of-work. It just isn't plausible to think that a central cluster
could do that for 10K legitimate users :(

>And yes, I agree that this particular use-case is fairly pessimal in 
>terms of proof-of-work scenarios.  However, intra-campus communications 
>are typically quite well-ordered, so (with careful management around 
>the beginning of the academic year) it could still be possible to use 
>the same three workstations in a proof-of-work world.

we disagree --- unless of course you have in mind some sort of composite
scheme where not all email carries a proof-of-work.

As I tried to make clear, we have shown that simpleminded schemes are
only marginally viable if at all -- but if you can realistically ensure
that only a small proportion of legitimate email would incur a proof-of-
work then your scheme would not fall at the first fence -- though Adam's
point about latency times in sending any email that did need a proof-of-
work calculation is one that should cause pause for thought -- that
pause being several times longer that the calculation itself :)

[big snip]

>Occasionally I get a question from someone I don't know, but this is 
>rare enough that I could, if necessary, give up 60 seconds of my 
>PowerBook's CPU time to send a reply, without too much fuss - after 
>all, it would have taken me at least that long to write it.  I'd still 
>be concerned about the time taken on a slower machine, though.

60 seconds implies that you limit people to 1440 emails per day. If you
look again at the paper you will see that at this level the spammers who
use zombies would be restricted to only about 5% of current activity (ie
the solution would perceptually be no better than filtering) or
alternatively (if you think spammers will purchase kit to do the proof-
of-work sums "legitimately") you are forcing the price of spam up to
around 0.1 cents/email -- which is not sufficient to remove a lot of
topics from our mailboxes.

To get the work factor high enough to have an impact, you need to be
thinking in terms of an hour or so :(

... or of course you need to change the landscape by reducing the zombie
population or by making the cost of spamming much higher (regulatory
fines, prison terms etc). These latter approaches are probably not on
topic here, leastwise not with the current subject line.

[another big snip]

>That leaves one big category:  Web Mail.  The likes of Hotmail and 
>Yahoo don't charge for sending e-mail from their systems, except 
>perhaps in terms of banner ads.  They also handle ginormous amounts of 
>said mail, which could make a proof-of-work switch-on relatively 
>difficult for them.  However, most of their clients are low-end home 
>users, who, on average, may have relatively favourable contact 
>patterns.  For this, we could do with more statistics.

Goodman & Rounthwaite have an interesting paper on using Captchas to
limit webmail usage (one conclusion is that you need quite a number of
them). It was presented at EC'04 yesterday, but the link on Joshua's
home page is not currently working -- I expect he'll fix it when he gets
home :(

        http://research.microsoft.com/~joshuago/

- -- 
richard                                              Richard Clayton

They that can give up essential liberty to obtain a little temporary
safety deserve neither liberty nor safety.         Benjamin Franklin

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Jonathan Morton wrote:
> That leaves one big category:  Web Mail.  The likes of Hotmail and Yahoo
> don't charge for sending e-mail from their systems, except perhaps in
> terms of banner ads.  They also handle ginormous amounts of said mail,
> which could make a proof-of-work switch-on relatively difficult for
> them.  However, most of their clients are low-end home users, who, on
> average, may have relatively favourable contact patterns.  For this, we
> could do with more statistics.

There is also possibility of the senders browser computing the token.  See:

http://www.lapo.it/HashCash.html

Adam



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Jonathan Morton wrote:
> That leaves one big category:  Web Mail.  The likes of Hotmail and Yahoo
> don't charge for sending e-mail from their systems, except perhaps in
> terms of banner ads.  They also handle ginormous amounts of said mail,
> which could make a proof-of-work switch-on relatively difficult for
> them.  However, most of their clients are low-end home users, who, on
> average, may have relatively favourable contact patterns.  For this, we
> could do with more statistics.

There is also possibility of the senders browser computing the token.  See:

http://www.lapo.it/HashCash.html

Adam


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Richard Clayton <richard@highwayman.com> wrote:
>
>Goodman & Rounthwaite have an interesting paper on using Captchas to
>limit webmail usage (one conclusion is that you need quite a number of
>them). It was presented at EC'04 yesterday, but the link on Joshua's
>home page is not currently working -- I expect he'll fix it when he gets
>home :(
>        http://research.microsoft.com/~joshuago/

Do they address the captcha-solving porn surfers attack?
	http://catless.ncl.ac.uk/Risks/23.17.html#subj4

Tony.
-- 
f.a.n.finch  <dot@dotat.at>  http://dotat.at/
FITZROY: VARIABLE 3 OR LESS IN SOUTH, OTHERWISE NORTHEASTERLY 3 OR 4,
OCCASIONALLY 5. FAIR. MODERATE WITH FOG PATCHES.

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Subject: Re: [Asrg] 3. Proof-of-work analysis
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 <CB27C1AA-A8AB-11D8-B336-000393863768@chromatix.demon.co.uk>
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Richard Clayton <richard@highwayman.com> wrote:

> 60 seconds implies that you limit people to 1440 emails per day. If
> you look again at the paper you will see that at this level the
> spammers who use zombies would be restricted to only about 5% of
> current activity (ie the solution would perceptually be no better
> than filtering)

But it would be independent of filtering, so together they'd eliminate
99.75% of spam (assuming your statement of 95% effectiveness each).

> or alternatively (if you think spammers will purchase kit to do the
> proof- of-work sums "legitimately") you are forcing the price of
> spam up to around 0.1 cents/email -- which is not sufficient to
> remove a lot of topics from our mailboxes.

That's a several order of magnitude increase in the price of spam so
yes, I do think it would remove a lot of spam from my mailbox.

Seth

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> There is also possibility of the senders browser computing the token.  
> See:
>
> http://www.lapo.it/HashCash.html

That doesn't work in my browser.  Downloading the .jar makes it work 
locally, but about 10x slower than native (on my PowerBook G4).

--------------------------------------------------------------
from:     Jonathan "Chromatix" Morton
mail:     chromi@chromatix.demon.co.uk
website:  http://www.chromatix.uklinux.net/
tagline:  The key to knowledge is not to rely on people to teach you it.


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From exim@www1.ietf.org  Wed May 19 18:36:32 2004
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: 3. Proof-of-work analysis
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I'm still amazed that anyone takes this proof-of-work/hashcash stuff
seriously.

At best it's the "War Games" approach, let's make the server play
tic-tac-toe with itself to avoid nuclear holocaust, or the Bill
Shatner logical paradox that makes the robot's head blow up.

The Sphinx's riddle also comes to mind, works better for supernatural
beings however.

I realize the defense of the dumbest ideas is always that any
criticism can be represented as rudeness, ``how rude of you not to see
the brilliance of my ideas!'', so one goes on and on anyhow but I
wonder if there's any way to disabuse this nonsense once and for all,
particularly in the minds of those who think it's a good idea?

In the words of someone famous whose name I'll leave out of this: This
idea isn't right, why, it isn't even wrong!


-- 
        -Barry Shein

Software Tool & Die    | bzs@TheWorld.com           | http://www.TheWorld.com
Purveyors to the Trade | Voice: 617-739-0202        | Login: 617-739-WRLD
The World              | Public Access Internet     | Since 1989     *oo*

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From: Jonathan Morton <chromi@chromatix.demon.co.uk>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 3. Proof-of-work analysis
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>> As an example, Lancaster University provides a central UNIX-shell
>> cluster for all students, among the services of which was the official
>> e-mail system.  Because it's a UNIX shell system, the mail is sent 
>> from
>> the members of the cluster, not from the terminal used to log on.  So,
>> in theory, the Internet sees 10,000 students sharing three 4-way Sun
>> workstations (this, at least, was what the configuration used to be).
>
> sorry, you're not counting hosts here, but MTAs. I have no global
> figures on MTA populations to hand -- and I'm not sure if anyone else
> has that sort of data

On the contrary, I explicitly pointed out that the three physical 
machines involved were at least capable of running MUAs for up to 10000 
students.  The fact that the physical displays are scattered around the 
campus, and possibly the city to some extent, is irrelevant.  The fact 
that many students use alternative e-mail systems is relevant, but a 
sufficiently high proportion do still use the UNIX shell.

> looking at RIPE I see that Lancaster has 144.88.0.0/16 (as well as a 
> /20
> and some IPv6 space). You aren't allowed /16s with just 4 hosts, so
> though I doubt that the 10K students are actually using 64K hosts, I
> suspect that the ratio of people to hosts is somewhere near the overall
> Internet average

Most of the address space is taken by the labs and staff office 
computers.  I purposefully left the staff (about 1000 or so) out of the 
population figure for that reason.  It might also be reasonable to 
exclude the research students, as these often have assigned computers 
as well, but they are a relatively small section of the student 
population.  FWIW, the bedroom LAN connections are behind a NAT system 
and do not contribute to the address space.

My point is that there are a few systems that genuinely handle large 
numbers of users for e-mail.  Web-mail systems and UNIX shells are 
probably the prime members of this group.  I believe some vendors are 
actively pushing "thin client" systems, which would also fall into this 
category.

>> And yes, I agree that this particular use-case is fairly pessimal in
>> terms of proof-of-work scenarios.  However, intra-campus 
>> communications
>> are typically quite well-ordered, so (with careful management around
>> the beginning of the academic year) it could still be possible to use
>> the same three workstations in a proof-of-work world.
>
> we disagree --- unless of course you have in mind some sort of 
> composite
> scheme where not all email carries a proof-of-work.

...which I do.  I thought I'd made that clear.

While I don't yet have a document describing exactly how it works, the 
essence is that high-value hashcash can be replaced by a low-value 
hashcash combined with a whitelisted signature.  The signature is also 
included with high-value hashcash tokens so that whitelists can be 
built easily.  The required hashcash value for return mail is indicated 
by another header.

I don't have any strong opinion on how the whitelist should be built - 
that's a matter between the recipient and their MUA.  In the case of 
Lancaster University, each student could be given a default whitelist 
upon enrolment that included various campus-wide and departmental 
mailing lists, along with relevant professors and admin staff.  Study 
groups, friends, relatives, and clubs could then be added in the normal 
way.

> Adam's point about latency times in sending any email that did need a 
> proof-of-work calculation is one that should cause pause for thought 
> -- that pause being several times longer that the calculation itself 
> :)

Right.  Sending latency is not really a problem for end-users with 
always-on connections, but it could easily be for a dial-up user, or 
for an e-commerce system.  Some proof-of-work schemes - including 
hashcash - can precompute a token from the moment the recipient list is 
known, which might overlap the time the user spends creating the 
message.

Even so, it's clear that an (on average) hour-long computation is going 
to be unacceptable - for one thing, it would drain up to half a typical 
laptop's battery.  Ten minutes is probably pushing it, too, though it's 
still possibly acceptable.  I consider 60 seconds to be the practical 
upper limit, and *that* has to fit into the midrange machines from a 
couple of years ago, which are still in common use.

> 60 seconds implies that you limit people to 1440 emails per day. If you
> look again at the paper you will see that at this level the spammers 
> who
> use zombies would be restricted to only about 5% of current activity 
> (ie
> the solution would perceptually be no better than filtering) or
> alternatively (if you think spammers will purchase kit to do the proof-
> of-work sums "legitimately") you are forcing the price of spam up to
> around 0.1 cents/email -- which is not sufficient to remove a lot of
> topics from our mailboxes.

Reducing the capacity of the zombie network is bound to be worthwhile.  
I would also suggest that victims are more likely to notice their 
infected machine if it has high CPU usage than if it has high network 
usage.

I would also suggest that 0.1c per mail would make for less frivolity 
than the present 0.001c per mail.  Your paper says that 0.1c/mail was 
used by spammers as a price in the past.  The pertinent question is:  
how far in the past, and what were the spamming levels like back then?

> To get the work factor high enough to have an impact, you need to be
> thinking in terms of an hour or so :(

Strongly disagree.  To make an impact, the worst-case I can think of 
would demand about a minute of work on average, and I would hope we 
could work with less.

Your idea of "make an impact", however, seems to be equivalent to our 
idea of "virtually eliminate the problem single-handed".  My idea of 
"make an impact" starts from "prevent the problem from getting even 
worse than at present" and works from there.

--------------------------------------------------------------
from:     Jonathan "Chromatix" Morton
mail:     chromi@chromatix.demon.co.uk
website:  http://www.chromatix.uklinux.net/
tagline:  The key to knowledge is not to rely on people to teach you it.


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   Does IPv6 add anything to the spam puzzle?  Because with IPv6, the 
address space is so big that every person and his dog on Earth could 
potentially have a separate address.  Would that make 
tracking/controlling stuff easier?

Jim


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> One of the distinguishing characteristics of a spammer is the
> imbalance between mail sent and mail received.  Unfortunately I do not
> see a convenient way to penalize people who fall into this category.

   One idea about this (although I don't know how scalable it is) would 
be, if you could authenticate the sender ie DomainKeys or the like, 
then every sender would have a send/receive ratio (somewhere), which 
would be entered into the mail header in some way that it could not be 
spoofed (more protocol changes though).  Then if a mail is received by 
the end-user's inbox, it could check the ratio, and decide whether to 
accept/reject/quarantine it.

   But I sill don't see a way to penalize senders who are rejected too 
often.  Although perhaps it could be integrated into the 'delay' in 
creating the email-stamp/introduction-stamp (the more higher your 
send/receive ratio goes, the more it "costs" to send new stuff)  
Another possibility is of course law enforecement, but this would seem 
to require some centralization of the ratio information, and whose 
rejecting what.

   The send/receive ratio might also be a problem for mailing lists - 
maybe, I'd have to see statistics.

Jim


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FWIW, I still think these sort of approaches might have some utility
with authentication but will have little to no effect on spam so I
wonder why they get so much attention on this list.

As far as I can tell spammers have now become domain registries and
just generate random-appearing, generated domains like www.fxbrezd.com
(or, more often, .info or .somecountryyoudon'twanttoknowmoreabout.)
For example, these whacko domains usually have functioning MX's.

Which means they can just as easily set up SPF or Domain Key or
similar services for those randomly generated domains.

Also, much spam from hijacked PCs seems to use the hijacked
PC's host, as in wasteofoxygen@dyn-83-155-31-99.ppp.tiscali.fr

That sort of thing will get around these SPF/YDK approaches, right?

And of course there's the whole problem of the envelope vs the header
since these generally check the envelope but the user generally sees
the header so can be spoofed anyhow. I realize this generally prompts
a response about how there's some effort, somewhere, to extend all
this into the header which is passed off as an answer but it quickly
starts to sound like "oh we'll invent that too!" back-patching on an
apparently weak idea.

Again, I don't know for a fact that this is completely useless
technology (like proof-of-work which is useless technology), but I
think it's only potentially useful against certain types of scams,
domain forgeries with malicious intent, in a very weak way, and as
such really has little to nothing to do with spam per se except
inasmuch as we can rationalize that ``anything which comes via email
and might harm or annoy me'' is hereby spam.=

-- 
        -Barry Shein

Software Tool & Die    | bzs@TheWorld.com           | http://www.TheWorld.com
Purveyors to the Trade | Voice: 617-739-0202        | Login: 617-739-WRLD
The World              | Public Access Internet     | Since 1989     *oo*

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References: <LV1hjGBSmTqAFAry@highwayman.com> <CB27C1AA-A8AB-11D8-B336-000393863768@chromatix.demon.co.uk> <mevaB4e60fqAFAu2@highwayman.com> <03A0F711-A929-11D8-B336-000393863768@chromatix.demon.co.uk> <j8075egWYyqAFA8T@highwayman.com>
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Richard Clayton wrote:
> In article <03A0F711-A929-11D8-B336-000393863768@chromatix.demon.co.uk>,
> Jonathan Morton <chromi@chromatix.demon.co.uk> writes
> 
>>That leaves one big category:  Web Mail.  The likes of Hotmail and 
>>Yahoo don't charge for sending e-mail from their systems, except 
>>perhaps in terms of banner ads.  They also handle ginormous amounts of 
>>said mail, which could make a proof-of-work switch-on relatively 
>>difficult for them.  However, most of their clients are low-end home 
>>users, who, on average, may have relatively favourable contact 
>>patterns.  For this, we could do with more statistics.
> 
> Goodman & Rounthwaite have an interesting paper on using Captchas to
> limit webmail usage (one conclusion is that you need quite a number of
> them). It was presented at EC'04 yesterday, but the link on Joshua's
> home page is not currently working -- I expect he'll fix it when he gets
> home :(

In addition to the favorable contact patterns, webmail providers have other 
options (that are not particularly restricted to webmail providers):
1. Ask/require their customers to download a small applet that would do the 
work on the client machine (obviously doesn't work when the client is 
something like an underpowered cell phone with WAP access)
2. Tell customers that mail delivery may be delayed unless they pay for 
service while the provider does the proof-of-work as cycles are available
3. Rate-limit customers both by login ID and by client host address or other 
identifying info

If proof-of-work were implemented and demanded on a large (Internet) scale, 
I don't think webmail providers would suffer as much as they would appear to 
on the surface.

I'd also like to note that any of these methods could be used by webmail 
providers to limit spam sent through their systems regardless of any 
receiving-end demand for proof-of-work.

Philip Miller


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> Richard Clayton <richard@highwayman.com> wrote:
> >
> >Goodman & Rounthwaite have an interesting paper on using Captchas to
> >limit webmail usage (one conclusion is that you need quite a number of
> >them). It was presented at EC'04 yesterday, but the link on Joshua's
> >home page is not currently working -- I expect he'll fix it when he gets
> >home :(
> >        http://research.microsoft.com/~joshuago/
> 
> 
> Do they address the captcha-solving porn surfers attack?
> 	http://catless.ncl.ac.uk/Risks/23.17.html#subj4
> 

Ah, this one again :-)
I'd be very interested in any reference showing that that this "attack" has
actually been exploited.
cf. (may wrap)
http://www1.ietf.org/mail-archive/working-groups/asrg/current/msg09194.html





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To: Jim Witte <jswitte@bloomington.in.us>
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Spam and IPv6
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On Wed, 19 May 2004, Jim Witte wrote:
>   Does IPv6 add anything to the spam puzzle?  Because with IPv6, the 
> address space is so big that every person and his dog on Earth could 
> potentially have a separate address.  Would that make 
> tracking/controlling stuff easier?

Concievably is makes blacklisting harder. When address space is not a
scarce resource, it's likely to be easy to renumber your attack
machines. (Quite aside from the IPv6 goals of making renumbering easier)

Whitelisting wouldn't seem to change much.

I've speculated before that running an MTA on IPv6 only might greatly
reduce your incoming spam (and mail) until spammers decide to bother
with IPv6. Certainly the number of zombie hosts on v6 would be lower as
well - for now.

-- 
David Maxwell, david@vex.net|david@maxwell.net --> Mastery of UNIX, like
mastery of language, offers real freedom. The price of freedom is always dear,
but there's no substitute. Personally, I'd rather pay for my freedom than live
in a bitmapped, pop-up-happy dungeon like NT. - Thomas Scoville 


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From: John Levine <asrg@johnlevine.com>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 6 - Yahoo Domain Keys
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>Also, much spam from hijacked PCs seems to use the hijacked
>PC's host, as in wasteofoxygen@dyn-83-155-31-99.ppp.tiscali.fr
>
>That sort of thing will get around these SPF/YDK approaches, right?

No, a valid DK signature tells you that the message really was signed
by the domain in the From: line.  If there's a zombie'd PC at
tiscali.fr, and it sends mail through Tiscali's mail servers using a
tiscali.fr address, and the servers sign it (which, with half decent
volume checks they wouldn't) it'll pass DK checks.

I agree that knowing that mail really came from woifnsdnskensk.com
isn't very useful without a reputation system, but DK at least
validates the actual mail that you see, not the envelope which you
don't.

Regards,
John Levine, johnl@iecc.com, Primary Perpetrator of "The Internet for Dummies",
Information Superhighwayman wanna-be, http://www.johnlevine.com, Mayor
"I dropped the toothpaste", said Tom, crestfallenly.

-- 
John R. Levine, IECC, POB 727, Trumansburg NY 14886 +1 607 330 5711
johnl@iecc.com, Mayor, http://johnlevine.com, 
Member, Provisional board, Coalition Against Unsolicited Commercial E-mail

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Subject: Re: [Asrg] [Fwd: Yahoo! Mail Publishes Specification for DomainKeys]
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>Big problem I have with it is that yahoo domain keys breaks with email 
>forwarders, mail lists and roaming users (and they fully acknoledge that
>it does not work with them and say there is no good work-around). That 
>makes it no-go as far as I concerned for initial deployment unless 
>changes are made. 

Are you sure you read the same DK document as the rest of us?
Forwarding works fine if it doesn't mess with the message other than
prepending headers.  Roaming users work fine if they sign in the MUA.
Mailing lists are an issue but there are some ideas to deal with that.

Regards,
John Levine, johnl@taugh.com, Taughannock Networks, Trumansburg NY
http://www.taugh.com


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Barry,
You wrote:
> FWIW, I still think these sort of approaches might have some utility
> with authentication but will have little to no effect on spam so I
> wonder why they get so much attention on this list.

It will have little immediate effect on the *volume* of spam sent. However, 
it will have an effect on certain characteristics of the spam that is 
received. I'll get into specifics as I go along.

> As far as I can tell spammers have now become domain registries and
> just generate random-appearing, generated domains like www.fxbrezd.com
> (or, more often, .info or .somecountryyoudon'twanttoknowmoreabout.)

These types of things could potentially be blacklisted. Has anyone created a 
functioning BL of domain registrars, rather than domains?

> For example, these whacko domains usually have functioning MX's.

Functioning MX's would mean no rejection by Hector Santos's Call Back 
Verification. However, having a functioning MX gives us something beyond a 
domain name: an assigned or hijacked IP address, which can be traced, 
(black/block)listed, and/or dealt with by an upstream provider. It's easier 
to hunt down a real person if you can find where IP packets are being 
routed, compared to having just falsified whois records.

> Which means they can just as easily set up SPF or Domain Key or
> similar services for those randomly generated domains.

SPF simply says that they control the domain they're using, which is an 
improvement over the present state. In this case, if they're using zombies, 
they need some way to ensure that all of those zombies end up authorized by 
the SPF records. Perhaps SPF lookup libraries should keep a count of the 
total hosts authorized by the domain in question, which could be 
cross-referenced to an external list or other reputation service. I.e. 
domains that list a lot of sending hosts would need a much better reputation 
for their mail to be accepted than domains that list a very restricted set.

> Also, much spam from hijacked PCs seems to use the hijacked
> PC's host, as in wasteofoxygen@dyn-83-155-31-99.ppp.tiscali.fr

And no ISP worth its salt would authorize any host to send as an internal 
host name, so spammers can't play the pin-it-on-the-ISP game.

> That sort of thing will get around these SPF/YDK approaches, right?

Wrong. See above.

> And of course there's the whole problem of the envelope vs the header
> since these generally check the envelope but the user generally sees
> the header so can be spoofed anyhow. I realize this generally prompts
> a response about how there's some effort, somewhere, to extend all
> this into the header which is passed off as an answer but it quickly
> starts to sound like "oh we'll invent that too!" back-patching on an
> apparently weak idea.

There's not that much 'invention' to go into it, once something more 
primitive than 2822.From is authenticated. Either messages claiming a given 
domain will only come from hosts that can send return-paths in the domain, 
or there will be others, or they could come from anywhere.
Since only certain hosts are authorized, the domain owner can enforce 
local-part policy, so we need only worry about the domain.

> Again, I don't know for a fact that this is completely useless
> technology (like proof-of-work which is useless technology), but I
                    ^^^^^^^^^^^^^       ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
I still haven't seen proof of that, from you or others...
> think it's only potentially useful against certain types of scams,
> domain forgeries with malicious intent, in a very weak way, and as
> such really has little to nothing to do with spam per se except
> inasmuch as we can rationalize that ``anything which comes via email
> and might harm or annoy me'' is hereby spam.

Since this group has largely agreed that a formal, consensus definition of 
spam is non-existent, any methods that can be used to hinder messages that 
any people might not want is in scope as 'anti-spam research'.

You are using useful here to mean 'volume of spam (by my as-yet-unstated 
definition) will decrease'. I and others look at a much broader range of 
things as useful:
1. Practically eliminate receipt of DSNs about messages that were never sent
2. Protect domain owners (both large providers and joe-job targets) from 
accusations of abuse by letting them point to their DNS records and say 'you 
can see from that record that we did not authorize the transmission of that 
message'
3. Provide domain-name level accountability for messages. Really, any 
domain, appearing anywhere in the message, will do, so long as you can point 
to them and say "that domain said that they have no problem with their name 
being attached to this message"

Sincerely,
Philip Miller


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In-reply-to: <16555.56412.585254.961521@world.std.com> (message from Barry
	Shein on Wed, 19 May 2004 18:14:52 -0400)
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 6 - Yahoo Domain Keys
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Barry Shein <bzs@world.std.com> wrote:

> Also, much spam from hijacked PCs seems to use the hijacked
> PC's host, as in wasteofoxygen@dyn-83-155-31-99.ppp.tiscali.fr
>
> That sort of thing will get around these SPF/YDK approaches, right?

No; tiscali.fr is unlikely to publish that
dyn-83-155-31-99.ppp.tiscali.fr is an authorized sender of email from
its domain.

Seth

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From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@ox.org>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 6 - Yahoo Domain Keys 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Wed, 19 May 2004 18:14:52 EDT."
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Barry Shein <bzs@world.std.com> wrote:
> As far as I can tell spammers have now become domain registries and
> just generate random-appearing, generated domains like www.fxbrezd.com
> (or, more often, .info or .somecountryyoudon'twanttoknowmoreabout.)
> For example, these whacko domains usually have functioning MX's.
> 
> Which means they can just as easily set up SPF or Domain Key or
> similar services for those randomly generated domains.

  <shrug> Blacklist the DNS IP.

> Also, much spam from hijacked PCs seems to use the hijacked
> PC's host, as in wasteofoxygen@dyn-83-155-31-99.ppp.tiscali.fr
> 
> That sort of thing will get around these SPF/YDK approaches, right?

  Yes and no.  It depends on how it's implemented.

> Again, I don't know for a fact that this is completely useless
> technology (like proof-of-work which is useless technology), but I
> think it's only potentially useful against certain types of scams,
> domain forgeries with malicious intent, in a very weak way, and as
> such really has little to nothing to do with spam per se except
> inasmuch as we can rationalize that ``anything which comes via email
> and might harm or annoy me'' is hereby spam.=

  Is there a better suggestion on the table?

  This isn't to say we should do something nonsensical, simply because
it's better than nothing.  But it does have some applicability, a
number of domains are implementing it, and the implementors are strong
proponents.

  Alan DeKok.

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Jim,
You wrote:
>> One of the distinguishing characteristics of a spammer is the
>> imbalance between mail sent and mail received.  Unfortunately I do not
>> see a convenient way to penalize people who fall into this category.

I don't agree with that characteristic as generally defining, but with some 
large exceptions, it could be. I'll accept it for purposes of discussion.

>   One idea about this (although I don't know how scalable it is) would 
> be, if you could authenticate the sender ie DomainKeys or the like, then 
> every sender would have a send/receive ratio (somewhere), which would be 
> entered into the mail header in some way that it could not be spoofed 
> (more protocol changes though).  Then if a mail is received by the 
> end-user's inbox, it could check the ratio, and decide whether to 
> accept/reject/quarantine it.

Not too many protocol changes, if the entire check were out-of-band. The 
only problem with it is that there either needs to be some trusted 3rd-party 
that would keep the counts (hah!) or some distributed system that could 
produce accurate, Internet-wide, statistics on demand (and double hah!). It 
would be nice and elegant, it's just a complete impossibility.

>   But I sill don't see a way to penalize senders who are rejected too 
> often.  Although perhaps it could be integrated into the 'delay' in 
> creating the email-stamp/introduction-stamp (the more higher your 
> send/receive ratio goes, the more it "costs" to send new stuff)  Another 
> possibility is of course law enforecement, but this would seem to 
> require some centralization of the ratio information, and whose 
> rejecting what.

You would either increase their costs/delays to send, or you would reject 
outright.

>   The send/receive ratio might also be a problem for mailing lists - 
> maybe, I'd have to see statistics.

Mailing lists, in a hybrid system, could be easily white-listed by any 
number of means. The registration messages should, in theory, have a perfect 
1:1 send:receive ratio. Of course, if someone were trying to make 
subscribing to a particular list impossible, he could get it to send out 
numerous registration confirmation messages to skew the ratio.

Sincerely,
Philip Miller


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To: "Barry Shein" <bzs@world.std.com>, "Chris" <asrg@rebel.com.au>
Cc: "Yakov Shafranovich" <research@solidmatrix.com>, "ASRG" <asrg@ietf.org>
References: <40AAB82D.3090004@solidmatrix.com><GPEMJLCHICHEGPOKJHHDCELEHPAA.asrg@rebel.com.au> <16555.56412.585254.961521@world.std.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 6 - Yahoo Domain Keys
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----- Original Message ----- 
From: "Barry Shein" <bzs@world.std.com>
To: "Chris" <asrg@rebel.com.au>
Cc: "Yakov Shafranovich" <research@solidmatrix.com>; "ASRG" <asrg@ietf.org>
Sent: Wednesday, May 19, 2004 3:14 PM
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 6 - Yahoo Domain Keys


> As far as I can tell spammers have now become domain registries and
> just generate random-appearing, generated domains like www.fxbrezd.com
> (or, more often, .info or .somecountryyoudon'twanttoknowmoreabout.)
> For example, these whacko domains usually have functioning MX's.
>
> Which means they can just as easily set up SPF or Domain Key or
> similar services for those randomly generated domains.

But they only get to spew spam from fxbrezd.com once with their brand
spanking new SPF/CallerID/Domain Key for a few days.  Once it becomes clear
that fxbrezd.com is a spammer, then you permanently blacklist that entire
domain and announce it to the entire world so that no one else will ever
receive mail from fxbrezd.com again.  Yes, they can still register 1000s of
domains, but its a bit more difficult.  From that point on, the registrars
need to be pressured to track these people down and the law needs to
severely penalize them.  Additionally, at least you won't be receiving junk
from the hundreds of thousands of zombies out there.


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To: William Leibzon <william@completewhois.com>
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] [Fwd: Yahoo! Mail Publishes Specification for
  DomainKeys]
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At 11:46 AM 5/19/2004, William Leibzon wrote:

>Big problem I have with it is that yahoo domain keys breaks with email
>forwarders, mail lists and roaming users (and they fully acknoledge that
>it does not work with them and say there is no good work-around). That
>makes it no-go as far as I concerned for initial deployment unless
>changes are made.

You're assuming that there's no way to fix the break.


>And frankly, I'm less then satisfied after so many promises and lots of
>wait for it. Its long document (which I ready fully) that primarily just
>pounds on rather old idea of entering public key in dns and using private
>key to add signed header to email, this idea had been around for at least
>4 years (possibly more) and I thought they found ways around above listed

What is new is the signing of the header.  I don't believe that this
has been practiced since the days of PGP.  I don't know about PEM.

Mark

>and other similar problems when email content must be changed in process
>of tranmission by intermediate server, but unfortunetly they did not. Nor
>do they address entering keys too well, again we're back to reusing TXT
>(where as what we need is standard for entering public keys in DNS and
>this is needed not only for email but for several others things and in
>general would come usefull, there have been drafts about this actually).
>
>On Tue, 18 May 2004, Yakov Shafranovich wrote:
>
> >  From MARID list.
> >
> > -------- Original Message --------
> > Subject: Yahoo! Mail Publishes Specification for DomainKeys
> > Date: Tue, 18 May 2004 10:46:32 -0400
> > From: Larry Seltzer <larry@larryseltzer.com>
> > To: 'IETF MARID WG' <ietf-mxcomp@imc.org>
> >
> >
> > (see http://antispam.yahoo.com/domainkeys in particular)
> >
> > LJS
> >
> > Yahoo! Mail Publishes Specification for DomainKeys
> >
> > E-mail Authentication Solution Filed with IETF;
> >
> > Alpha Version of Open Source Code Available
> >
> > WHAT:
> >
> > On Tuesday, May 18, Yahoo! announces the publication of its
> > specification on DomainKeys,
> > a cryptographic e-mail authentication solution to help fight spam.
> >
> > DomainKeys: In order to attack spam at its roots, a powerful solution is
> > needed that can
> > verify the identity of the e-mail sender and put an end to spoofing and
> > forgery.
> > DomainKeys help fight spam by providing strong assurance of both the
> > sender's identity
> > and the integrity of the e-mail content through the use of
> > public/private key
> > cryptography.
> >
> > On Monday, May 17, the company filed the spec as an Internet-draft with
> > the IETF
> > (Internet Engineering Task Force) standards body to begin the
> > standardization process.
> >
> > Additionally, Yahoo! is currently developing a reference implementation
> > for DomainKeys
> > that can be plugged into Message Transfer Agents (MTAs), such as qmail.
> > An alpha version
> > of this software will be released under a royalty free license at
> > SourceForge.net.
> >
> > WHERE:
> >
> > The specification, license terms and FAQs are posted on Yahoo!'s
> > Anti-Spam Resource
> > Center:  http://antispam.yahoo.com
> > The alpha version of the software will be hosted at SourceForge.net at:
> > http://sourceforge.net/index.php
> >
> > --
> > Yakov Shafranovich / asrg <at> shaftek.org
> > SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc. / research <at> solidmatrix.com
> > "There is nothing new under the sun" (Eccls. 1:9)
> >
> > _______________________________________________
> > Asrg mailing list
> > Asrg@ietf.org
> > https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg
> >
>
>
>_______________________________________________
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To: Barry Shein <bzs@world.std.com>
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: 3. Proof-of-work analysis
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At 03:02 PM 5/19/2004, Barry Shein wrote:

>I'm still amazed that anyone takes this proof-of-work/hashcash stuff
>seriously.

I think it's grounded in some well-accepted DoS defence principles that are 
found in cookie protocols like Photuris and ISAKMP.

Mark


>At best it's the "War Games" approach, let's make the server play
>tic-tac-toe with itself to avoid nuclear holocaust, or the Bill
>Shatner logical paradox that makes the robot's head blow up.
>
>The Sphinx's riddle also comes to mind, works better for supernatural
>beings however.
>
>I realize the defense of the dumbest ideas is always that any
>criticism can be represented as rudeness, ``how rude of you not to see
>the brilliance of my ideas!'', so one goes on and on anyhow but I
>wonder if there's any way to disabuse this nonsense once and for all,
>particularly in the minds of those who think it's a good idea?
>
>In the words of someone famous whose name I'll leave out of this: This
>idea isn't right, why, it isn't even wrong!
>
>
>--
>         -Barry Shein
>
>Software Tool & Die    | bzs@TheWorld.com           | http://www.TheWorld.com
>Purveyors to the Trade | Voice: 617-739-0202        | Login: 617-739-WRLD
>The World              | Public Access Internet     | Since 1989     *oo*
>
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] 6 - Yahoo Domain Keys
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On 19 May 2004, John Levine wrote:

> >Also, much spam from hijacked PCs seems to use the hijacked
> >PC's host, as in wasteofoxygen@dyn-83-155-31-99.ppp.tiscali.fr
> >
> >That sort of thing will get around these SPF/YDK approaches, right?
> 
> No, a valid DK signature tells you that the message really was signed
> by the domain in the From: line.  If there's a zombie'd PC at
> tiscali.fr, and it sends mail through Tiscali's mail servers using a
> tiscali.fr address, and the servers sign it (which, with half decent
> volume checks they wouldn't) it'll pass DK checks.
> 
> I agree that knowing that mail really came from woifnsdnskensk.com
> isn't very useful without a reputation system, but DK at least
> validates the actual mail that you see, not the envelope which you
> don't.

Unless the spec has changed since last time I read it, there's nothing in 
DK to say "mails from this domain are always signed with DomainKeys". 
Without that spammy just has to omit the DK header to get his mail 
through.

The problem as I see it is that DK is a whitelist system (where SPF is
really a blacklist system). It tells you that the mail is "valid"  
according to the signature. Mail without a DK header tells you nothing.

And so once spammers start publishing domainkeys we're pretty much back 
to square 1.

Matt.


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On May 19, 2004 at 15:45 jswitte@bloomington.in.us (Jim Witte) wrote:
 >    Does IPv6 add anything to the spam puzzle?  Because with IPv6, the 
 > address space is so big that every person and his dog on Earth could 
 > potentially have a separate address.  Would that make 
 > tracking/controlling stuff easier?
 > 
 > Jim

Well, we could insist that everyone use an IPv6 address which is an
MD5 hash of their DNA (or at least an index into a table which holds
that info.)

I think we'd have to better understand address allocation policies and
procedures in a world where IPv6 was widely deployed.

For much of the life of DNS up until a few years ago we lived in the
illusion that a domain was something which could be tied back to an
owner of that domain, at least approximately, forgery notwithstanding.

I don't think that's true any longer and we have what appear to be
rogue registrars (possibly owned and operated by the spammers)
assigning domains with near-zero reality friction.

I could imagine similar things happening in a vast address space such
as IPv6, clouds of billions of addrs being routed in virtually
unaccountable ways.

Add in NAT and other forms of identity deconstruction and IPv6
addresses could become about as effervescent as a Tony Soprano cell
phone caller-id.


-- 
        -Barry Shein

Software Tool & Die    | bzs@TheWorld.com           | http://www.TheWorld.com
Purveyors to the Trade | Voice: 617-739-0202        | Login: 617-739-WRLD
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Without going point by point (because that gets tiresome, fast):

I agree with you that a valid motivation for SPF/DK kinds of solutions
is to "protect" (for some value of protect) domain owners.

I have little doubt that a billion msgs per day (more) get forged with
the domain of ISPs whose names you hear on prime time TV commercials
and many of those cause consequences for those ISPs.

         [just a minute have to block a few hundred stock pumping IP addrs]

Even as a smaller ISP we've suffered such consequences, irate victims,
inappropriate blocking, even subpoenas, etc., when itn the end none of
it ever passed thru here.

None of that, to me, is strictly spam, even if it might be A Good
Thing to eradicate.

Something that has concerned me is...

	  [damn, there they go again, be right back...]

where was I? Oh, right, is exactly this problem of judging what is a
spam problem and what isn't?

For example, should we require a valid DUN identifier to do business
via email?  That's essentially what an SSL certificate is, one has to
present a valid DUN to get a cert. Maybe anyone offering prescription
drugs should be required to include a valid pharmaceutical license.

I'm not going into a libertarian space here, just that fraud etc is a
very, very, very big problem.

And it does drag us further and further into trying to validate the
content of a message, perhaps even its worthiness tho I don't think
that's a problem with SPF/DK per se.

        [Again! ok, that was only 25 /24's blocked, progress?]

I'll leave that on one observation which is to note that neither the
(paper) postal system or phone system has developed a reliable,
general way to authenticate "senders" in over 200 and 100 years
respectively. In the case of the postal system they offer it as an
option (which I suppose is what ANI for the phone system is also) but
I wouldn't view that observation too flippantly.

And one point by point:

>> Again, I don't know for a fact that this is completely useless
>> technology (like proof-of-work which is useless technology), but I
>                    ^^^^^^^^^^^^^       ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
>I still haven't seen proof of that, from you or others...

We have to prove that something WON'T work now?

           [oh there goes the cheap software jerk...]

How easily we go through the looking glass...

But I believe some compelling criticisms have been raised.

-- 
        -Barry Shein

Software Tool & Die    | bzs@TheWorld.com           | http://www.TheWorld.com
Purveyors to the Trade | Voice: 617-739-0202        | Login: 617-739-WRLD
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] 6 - Yahoo Domain Keys
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Well, everyone keeps saying this but I don't particularly see why this
should be the case. I'm sure some, even many, such ISPs will do as you
say but are you really going to vouchsafe for all those broadband and
dialup ISPs currently a source of so many problems? How many tens of
millions of exceptions will we need for the result to be severely
diminished?


On May 19, 2004 at 19:14 sethb@panix.com (Seth Breidbart) wrote:
 > Barry Shein <bzs@world.std.com> wrote:
 > 
 > > Also, much spam from hijacked PCs seems to use the hijacked
 > > PC's host, as in wasteofoxygen@dyn-83-155-31-99.ppp.tiscali.fr
 > >
 > > That sort of thing will get around these SPF/YDK approaches, right?
 > 
 > No; tiscali.fr is unlikely to publish that
 > dyn-83-155-31-99.ppp.tiscali.fr is an authorized sender of email from
 > its domain.
 > 
 > Seth
 > 
 > _______________________________________________
 > Asrg mailing list
 > Asrg@ietf.org
 > https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg

-- 
        -Barry Shein

Software Tool & Die    | bzs@TheWorld.com           | http://www.TheWorld.com
Purveyors to the Trade | Voice: 617-739-0202        | Login: 617-739-WRLD
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] 6 - Yahoo Domain Keys
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On May 19, 2004 at 16:29 george_ou@netzero.com (George Ou) wrote:
 > But they only get to spew spam from fxbrezd.com once with their brand
 > spanking new SPF/CallerID/Domain Key for a few days.  Once it becomes clear
 > that fxbrezd.com is a spammer, then you permanently blacklist that entire
 > domain and announce it to the entire world so that no one else will ever
 > receive mail from fxbrezd.com again.  Yes, they can still register 1000s of
 > domains, but its a bit more difficult.  From that point on, the registrars
 > need to be pressured to track these people down and the law needs to
 > severely penalize them.  Additionally, at least you won't be receiving junk
 > from the hundreds of thousands of zombies out there.

The optimism is touching, particularly the part about "the law needs
to severely penalize them". That's a big hole you're filling in with a
worldview that unfortunately hasn't had much credence thus far.

-- 
        -Barry Shein

Software Tool & Die    | bzs@TheWorld.com           | http://www.TheWorld.com
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Barry Shein <bzs@world.std.com> top-posted:

> Well, everyone keeps saying this but I don't particularly see why this
> should be the case. I'm sure some, even many, such ISPs will do as you
> say but are you really going to vouchsafe for all those broadband and
> dialup ISPs currently a source of so many problems?

The ones that are too fucking cheap, stupid, and/or lazy to do
anything about their infected lusers spamming and emitting worms?
They're going to go to a lot of extra effort to allow their idiot
lusers to spam?  I don't think so.

Seth


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> Has anyone created a functioning BL of domain registrars, rather than
> domains?

I doubt it, if only because it is hard to tell when the same registrar
is used across TLDs.  Some TLDs have no whois servers at all (or at
least if they do, whois.iana.org doesn't show them, which amounts to
the same thing); others have them but don't report registrar identity
in any useful form (and have proven totally impervious to requests that
this be fixed - .biz, .org, and .info come to mind as the most notable
offenders in my experience).  Is "R17-LROR" the same registrar as
"ENOM, INC." (to pick the two handiest examples)?  I don't know and I
don't see any way to find out, short of filing a lawsuit so as to
invoke discovery powers.

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From: William Leibzon <william@completewhois.com>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] [Fwd: Yahoo! Mail Publishes Specification for DomainKeys]
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On 19 May 2004, John Levine wrote:

> >Big problem I have with it is that yahoo domain keys breaks with email 
> >forwarders, mail lists and roaming users (and they fully acknoledge that
> >it does not work with them and say there is no good work-around). That 
> >makes it no-go as far as I concerned for initial deployment unless 
> >changes are made. 
> 
> Are you sure you read the same DK document as the rest of us?
http://antispam.yahoo.com/domainkeys/draft-delany-domainkeys-base-00.txt

> Forwarding works fine if it doesn't mess with the message other than
> prepending headers.
That is simplest forwarder and yes, it does work there. 
Many forwarders do lot more then that unfortunetly, reseting Sender, 
adding some "X-..." headers, etc.

Note also that I usually the word "forwarder" to mean just any mail relaying
server, including mail list server.

> Roaming users work fine if they sign in the MUA.
Yes, if roaming user has private key. But since multiple private keys are 
allowed, I'll accept that roaming user problem is not an issue with this
proposal.

> Mailing lists are an issue but there are some ideas to deal with that.
To me its the biggest issue of all. Mail lists are EXTREMELY popular and
almost all mail list sofware modifies headers (sometimes changes "From" 
and "To" and supposed to reset Sender and add List- headers). As such 
deployment would mean that those using domain keys would not be able to 
use mail lists until their software is somewhow modified to deal with 
domain keys (which might take quite some time).

On Wed, 19 May 2004, Mark Baugher wrote:

> You're assuming that there's no way to fix the break.

Actually no, I'm not. But knowing what domain keys would be about before 
time and as such that these problems would exist, I was just hoping to see 
specs that have dealt with these issues better. Perhaps I was too hopefull
and a bit unhappy that I had to read 30 pages and main details could fit
in 2 and did not solve some important problems and that yet again proposal 
reused TXT record instead of propoing exact details on new dns record to 
store public keys (which would be really really usefull).

Going back to maillist problem and similar, in my opinion, the way solve 
these problems (when modification of email headers by intermediate MTA
would cause domain-keys verification to fail) is to have multiple 
signatures for different parts of the email, with first one being 
signature for content of the email (or even for each MIME part) and then
separate signature(s) for email headers with signature line that also 
includes info on exactly which headers it is for, then when new headers 
are added, they can be ignored when trying to verify this hash/signature.

---
William Leibzon


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Subject: Re: [Asrg] 6 - Yahoo Domain Keys
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Well I suppose but isn't there some way of effectively wildcarding?
Can't they just set it up so...ok, "it"...SPF yes, easy anyhow, DK no
because they have to work on each msg, but hell someone will just
stick that in whatever they use for a mail server. It's not like it's
saying a lot, just that slug@cable-098390.crackhouse.com is one of
ours.

Maybe some of this stuff needs more analysis in terms of
non-cooperative or even anti-cooperative participants. How many times
do we need to beaten over the head with *that* fact?

I know...just blacklist miscreant isps...we see how well that's worked
thus far.

On May 19, 2004 at 21:32 sethb@panix.com (Seth Breidbart) wrote:
 > Barry Shein <bzs@world.std.com> top-posted:
 > 
 > > Well, everyone keeps saying this but I don't particularly see why this
 > > should be the case. I'm sure some, even many, such ISPs will do as you
 > > say but are you really going to vouchsafe for all those broadband and
 > > dialup ISPs currently a source of so many problems?
 > 
 > The ones that are too fucking cheap, stupid, and/or lazy to do
 > anything about their infected lusers spamming and emitting worms?
 > They're going to go to a lot of extra effort to allow their idiot
 > lusers to spam?  I don't think so.
 > 
 > Seth
 > 
 > 
 > _______________________________________________
 > Asrg mailing list
 > Asrg@ietf.org
 > https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg

-- 
        -Barry Shein

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To: Philip Miller <millenix@zemos.net>
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: 6 - Yahoo Domain Keys
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On Wed, 19 May 2004, Philip Miller wrote:

> These types of things could potentially be blacklisted. Has anyone created a 
> functioning BL of domain registrars, rather than domains?

How seriously is this needed? 

Completewhois has most of what is necessary and could do this but it'd 
require additional investment in time to program the proper transformation 
to create daily static dnsbl list (which I estimate at least 20 hours of 
programming time), plus additional necessary work to provide documentation 
and support and hardware to run this all. This is beginning to exchaust my
resources and I'd only be willing proceed and invest in programming of 
this functionality if at least dozen other people tell me for certain that 
they would use it and in the help with at least documentation.

> SPF simply says that they control the domain they're using, which is an 
> improvement over the present state. In this case, if they're using zombies, 
> they need some way to ensure that all of those zombies end up authorized by 
> the SPF records. 
SPF records for INADDR space will allow ISPs to tell if particular computer
should be running mail server or not. SPF for direct domains can override
negative response for for those few who actually do want to run mail server
on their broadband line and do not have an ISP that is cooperative enough
to whitelist that ip.

----
William Leibzom
william@completewhois.com




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From: "George Ou" <george_ou@netzero.com>
To: "Barry Shein" <bzs@world.std.com>
Cc: "Barry Shein" <bzs@world.std.com>, "Chris" <asrg@rebel.com.au>,
        "Yakov Shafranovich" <research@solidmatrix.com>,
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References: <40AAB82D.3090004@solidmatrix.com><GPEMJLCHICHEGPOKJHHDCELEHPAA.asrg@rebel.com.au><16555.56412.585254.961521@world.std.com><000b01c43df9$303d20c0$fa4b10ac@fpcad.fujitsupc.com> <16556.898.797391.37361@world.std.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 6 - Yahoo Domain Keys
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----- Original Message ----- 
From: "Barry Shein" <bzs@world.std.com>
To: "George Ou" <george_ou@netzero.com>
Cc: "Barry Shein" <bzs@world.std.com>; "Chris" <asrg@rebel.com.au>; "Yakov
Shafranovich" <research@solidmatrix.com>; "ASRG" <asrg@ietf.org>
Sent: Wednesday, May 19, 2004 6:01 PM
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 6 - Yahoo Domain Keys


> On May 19, 2004 at 16:29 george_ou@netzero.com (George Ou) wrote:
>  > But they only get to spew spam from fxbrezd.com once with their brand
>  > spanking new SPF/CallerID/Domain Key for a few days.  Once it becomes
clear
>  > that fxbrezd.com is a spammer, then you permanently blacklist that
entire
>  > domain and announce it to the entire world so that no one else will
ever
>  > receive mail from fxbrezd.com again.  Yes, they can still register
1000s of
>  > domains, but its a bit more difficult.  From that point on, the
registrars
>  > need to be pressured to track these people down and the law needs to
>  > severely penalize them.  Additionally, at least you won't be receiving
junk
>  > from the hundreds of thousands of zombies out there.
>
> The optimism is touching, particularly the part about "the law needs
> to severely penalize them". That's a big hole you're filling in with a
> worldview that unfortunately hasn't had much credence thus far.
>
> -- 
>         -Barry Shein

I realize that my optimism may be misguided, and the more I look into these
things the more jaded I become like yourself.  However, should we not try at
all?  Right now, the government makes laws that have little or no use in the
fight against spam.  If we force the spammer to at least make bulk purchases
of Domain names, rather than using anonymous zombies with impunity, there is
a much better chance we can track down who is doing the spamming and try to
make some partially effective laws.  I'm sure any of these anti-spam
measures have counter measures, but does that mean we don't even try?
Having a reliable domain authentication system in SMTP that is widely used
may not be the solution, but at least a step in the right direction.

George


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Subject: Re: [Asrg] [Fwd: Yahoo! Mail Publishes Specification for DomainKeys]
References: <40AAB82D.3090004@solidmatrix.com>
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X-Habeas-SWE-1: winter into spring
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Apropos Yahoo's DK I-D wannabe-
http://antispam.yahoo.com/domainkeys/draft-delany-domainkeys-base-00.txt 
posted to this thread:
 It fails to meet IETF requirements for publication as an I-D, or for 
serious consideration by this group.

This text is not allowed:
"This document may not be modified, and derivative works of it may not
be created. This document may only be posted in an Internet-Draft."

I discussed DK with John Levine privately.  My conclusions as a result 
of the conversation*:

DK requires orders of magnitude more
work to adopt, though not as much as SPF+SRS.

DK is about as reliant on blacklists/reputation services as other 
proposals. Without them, CSV is not easier for a spammer to circumvent 
than DK or SPF.  They all require that something be put in a DNS entry 
for a domain that costs approximately nothing to put there beyond the 
cost of the domain itself. DKs aren't signed by CAs, remember.
Exploit: A spammer would have control of the DNS server for the 
responsible domain, and a BotNet spamming node would spam with a valid 
DK.  The DK would be in the zombie worm that created the BotNet, or even 
communicated via IRC.

So, I think DK is shown to be about as trivial to circumvent as the 40% 
solution / CSV+++.

As has been said before, all the extant I-Ds, including this one, and 
C-ID can only work against spamers long term in conjunction with
either
A)RHSBLs or
B)mandatory (but not necessarily monopoly/oligopoly) reputation services.

*(Don't want to quote from private email without asking for an OK, so 
here's just what I said that stood.)


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From: "Chris" <asrg@rebel.com.au>
To: "ASRG" <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] 6 - Yahoo Domain Keys
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Hmmm after skimming thru all that's been said and that's a lot. I get the
feeling of being caught in a whirlpool.

I am of the opinion and have stated it before, there is no single solution
and nothing is perfect, and can never be because Spam is different to
different people.

So the first step to my mind is to take away anonymity. If you want to say
something be prepared to stand by it.

Whether it be Spam, something controversial or a virus. it doesnt matter.
(you want anonymity go to a news group or forum)

So whats the next step ?

Better filters. its easier if you know the source of the email.
Better Laws. its easier if you know the source of the email.
something else altogether.  its probably easier if you know the source of
the email.

Well you get my drift.

Zombies are another problem. but at least if the machine is more reliably
traced it can be more reliably stopped.
and if the machine was zombified by an email borne virus. tracing the origin
of the virus is MUCH EASIER.

Domain Keys gives us this traceability and with the addition of "MTA
DomainKeys" people hiding behind "legacy" systems can be traced to the
injection point. and probably further using the injection points logs.

Most Importantly Domain Keys can be grafted onto SMTP without any major
changes just a software upgrade. its only one more header.

You watch there will be all sorts of software avaliable soon marked
"DomainKey Ready".

If we stand by and argue semantics. we will be left behind.

Regards
Chris





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From: "Chris" <asrg@rebel.com.au>
To: "Mark Delany" <markd@yahoo-inc.com>, <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] 6 - Yahoo Domain Keys
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Good Day Mark

I should have read the draft a little closer, your section on Border MTA's
is really what I was trying to get at.

As I have said source validation is only the first step. but it is a marked
improvement on what we have today.

I hope your Draft allows this group and others to become more focused in
their continual debate.

Regards
Chris



> -----Original Message-----
> From: Mark Delany [mailto:markd@yahoo-inc.com]
> Sent: Thursday, 20 May 2004 4:27 PM
> To: Chris
> Subject: Re: [Asrg] 6 - Yahoo Domain Keys
>
>
> On Wed, May 19, 2004 at 12:56:17PM +0930, Chris allegedly wrote:
>
> > Except I believe provision should be made for any intervening
> MTA's to add
> > their own Domain Key
> > thus allowing the injection point be traced for legacy mail systems.
>
> As it happens, I agree. This is the reason why the spec specifically
> says that current implementations must look for the last Signature in
> the headers. Why? So we can issue a follow-on spec that allows for
> multiple signatures without breaking earlier implementations.
>
> Additional signatures can do things like:
>
> 	o Prove the right to use or replace an envelope address
> 	o Prove that an email was relayed thru a domain
> 	o Prove that a list has forwarded an email
> 	o You tell me?
>
> We have this stuff in mind, we just don't want to scare people too
> much. One step at a time.
>
>
> Mark.


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From: "Chris" <asrg@rebel.com.au>
To: "Jim Witte" <jswitte@bloomington.in.us>, <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] Re: Spam send/receive ratio
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>
> > One of the distinguishing characteristics of a spammer is the
> > imbalance between mail sent and mail received.

Totally Unforgivable Rubbish (TUR for short)

I recieve maybe a hundred emails each day. but when I send out to my mail
list I send tens of thousands

under the above 'criteria' I automatically become a "spammer" when in fact I
simply have a lot of potential customers ALL on a double opt in list.

This is very blinkered reasoning.

Regards
Chris




> -----Original Message-----
> From: asrg-admin@ietf.org [mailto:asrg-admin@ietf.org]On Behalf Of Jim
> Witte
> Sent: Thursday, 20 May 2004 6:14 AM
> To: asrg@ietf.org
> Subject: [Asrg] Re: Spam send/receive ratio
>
>
> > One of the distinguishing characteristics of a spammer is the
> > imbalance between mail sent and mail received.  Unfortunately I do not
> > see a convenient way to penalize people who fall into this category.
>
>    One idea about this (although I don't know how scalable it is) would
> be, if you could authenticate the sender ie DomainKeys or the like,
> then every sender would have a send/receive ratio (somewhere), which
> would be entered into the mail header in some way that it could not be
> spoofed (more protocol changes though).  Then if a mail is received by
> the end-user's inbox, it could check the ratio, and decide whether to
> accept/reject/quarantine it.
>
>    But I sill don't see a way to penalize senders who are rejected too
> often.  Although perhaps it could be integrated into the 'delay' in
> creating the email-stamp/introduction-stamp (the more higher your
> send/receive ratio goes, the more it "costs" to send new stuff)
> Another possibility is of course law enforecement, but this would seem
> to require some centralization of the ratio information, and whose
> rejecting what.
>
>    The send/receive ratio might also be a problem for mailing lists -
> maybe, I'd have to see statistics.
>
> Jim
>
>
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg


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From: "Chris" <asrg@rebel.com.au>
To: "William Leibzon" <william@completewhois.com>, "ASRG" <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] [Fwd: Yahoo! Mail Publishes Specification for DomainKeys]
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>
> Big problem I have with it is that yahoo domain keys breaks with email
> forwarders, mail lists and roaming users

I don't understand why you say this.

Roaming users still have to log into an ISP somewhere to send their email.
if The ISP is prepared to let them access the mail system the ISP becomes
responsible for what they do. So they should at the very least validate
them.

Mail forwarders can sign the mail. they must accept responsibilty for the
forwarding as above.

Mailing lists must also be held accountable for what they send. they are
simply another 'injection point' and can validate the sender before
inserting it into the list.

> email content must be changed in process
> of tranmission

Why 'must' content be changed?

headers need to be added and those should be signed off as well as the
previous mta's signature. granted this additional signing increases the load
especially for the MTR, but if Spam is reduced then the initial load would
be reduced anyway.

If content MUST be changed then the authority changing the content becomes
the owner. and therefore responsible for the 'new' email.

Regards
Chris



> -----Original Message-----
> From: asrg-admin@ietf.org [mailto:asrg-admin@ietf.org]On Behalf Of
> William Leibzon
> Sent: Thursday, 20 May 2004 4:17 AM
> To: ASRG
> Subject: Re: [Asrg] [Fwd: Yahoo! Mail Publishes Specification for
> DomainKeys]
>
>
> And frankly, I'm less then satisfied after so many promises and lots of
> wait for it. Its long document (which I ready fully) that primarily just
> pounds on rather old idea of entering public key in dns and using private
> key to add signed header to email, this idea had been around for at least
> 4 years (possibly more) and I thought they found ways around above listed
> and other similar problems when email content must be changed in process
> of tranmission by intermediate server, but unfortunetly they did not. Nor
> do they address entering keys too well, again we're back to reusing TXT
> (where as what we need is standard for entering public keys in DNS and
> this is needed not only for email but for several others things and in
> general would come usefull, there have been drafts about this actually).
>
> On Tue, 18 May 2004, Yakov Shafranovich wrote:
>
> >  From MARID list.
> >
> > -------- Original Message --------
> > Subject: Yahoo! Mail Publishes Specification for DomainKeys
> > Date: Tue, 18 May 2004 10:46:32 -0400
> > From: Larry Seltzer <larry@larryseltzer.com>
> > To: 'IETF MARID WG' <ietf-mxcomp@imc.org>
> >
> >
> > (see http://antispam.yahoo.com/domainkeys in particular)
> >
> > LJS
> >
> > Yahoo! Mail Publishes Specification for DomainKeys
> >
> > E-mail Authentication Solution Filed with IETF;
> >
> > Alpha Version of Open Source Code Available
> >
> > WHAT:
> >
> > On Tuesday, May 18, Yahoo! announces the publication of its
> > specification on DomainKeys,
> > a cryptographic e-mail authentication solution to help fight spam.
> >
> > DomainKeys: In order to attack spam at its roots, a powerful
> solution is
> > needed that can
> > verify the identity of the e-mail sender and put an end to spoofing and
> > forgery.
> > DomainKeys help fight spam by providing strong assurance of both the
> > sender's identity
> > and the integrity of the e-mail content through the use of
> > public/private key
> > cryptography.
> >
> > On Monday, May 17, the company filed the spec as an Internet-draft with
> > the IETF
> > (Internet Engineering Task Force) standards body to begin the
> > standardization process.
> >
> > Additionally, Yahoo! is currently developing a reference implementation
> > for DomainKeys
> > that can be plugged into Message Transfer Agents (MTAs), such as qmail.
> > An alpha version
> > of this software will be released under a royalty free license at
> > SourceForge.net.
> >
> > WHERE:
> >
> > The specification, license terms and FAQs are posted on Yahoo!'s
> > Anti-Spam Resource
> > Center:  http://antispam.yahoo.com
> > The alpha version of the software will be hosted at SourceForge.net at:
> > http://sourceforge.net/index.php
> >
> > --
> > Yakov Shafranovich / asrg <at> shaftek.org
> > SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc. / research <at> solidmatrix.com
> > "There is nothing new under the sun" (Eccls. 1:9)
> >
> > _______________________________________________
> > Asrg mailing list
> > Asrg@ietf.org
> > https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg
> >
>
>
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg


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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Spam and IPv6
From: Jeroen Massar <jeroen@unfix.org>
To: Barry Shein <bzs@world.std.com>
Cc: Jim Witte <jswitte@bloomington.in.us>, asrg@ietf.org
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On Thu, 2004-05-20 at 02:00, Barry Shein wrote:
> On May 19, 2004 at 15:45 jswitte@bloomington.in.us (Jim Witte) wrote:
>  >    Does IPv6 add anything to the spam puzzle?  Because with IPv6, the=20
>  > address space is so big that every person and his dog on Earth could=20
>  > potentially have a separate address.  Would that make=20
>  > tracking/controlling stuff easier?
>  >=20
>  > Jim
>=20
> Well, we could insist that everyone use an IPv6 address which is an
> MD5 hash of their DNA (or at least an index into a table which holds
> that info.)

ROTFL, never heard of hierarchy I guess? Also how are you going to force
a person who is already doing something bad to conform to that? :)
Seriously, you should really read up on how IPv6 addresses are
allocated, thus please read up. I'd suggest you read:

Steve Deerings IPv6 masterclass:
http://www.isoc.nl/activ/2002-Masterclass-IETF-IPv6.htm
(dutch domain but in english...)

Cisco's ABC Of IP Version 6
http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/sw/iosswrel/ios_abcs_ios_the_abcs_ip_ve=
rsion_6_listing.html

> I think we'd have to better understand address allocation policies and
> procedures in a world where IPv6 was widely deployed.

There is already enough deployment to understand this, one could even
quite easily understand it from the allocation documents.

Every ISP gets something in the range of a /20 till a /32 (older /35).
Every endsite, may that be a user or a complete organisation gets a /48.

Thus if you have a spammer from say 2001:db8:1::1/48 you simply block
that /48, if the ISP then decides to move him to another /48, block the
/32.

Bingo, presto done, now they need to move to another ISP.

Also a good thing about IPv6 is that ISP's usually only have one prefix,
main reason for this is less routing, but that also makes sure that one
ISP can't easily use multiple seperate prefixes to do their evil work
from unless they have requested multiple of them. Of course a spammer
can get multiple, and then a lot of /48's but I think that most ISP's
won't give out a /48 so quickly, thus if they do it is quite easy to see
that those ISP's are also in the game -> block.

On another note I already have seen the following scenario:

IPv4 spammer spams a dual stack (IPv4+IPv6) host, which is an openrelay.
Destination emails have a MX that does IPv6, thus the spam comes in on
IPv6.

There is one problem here, how to trace them, especially with the many
tunnel brokers and other odd setups out there that allow people to quite
anonymously sign up, that is a big problem as they can hide quite well
and you need to cooperation of that TB to get it sorted. Or more easy,
just insert a prefix into the BGP tables, most ISP's don't filter at all
so that is quite doable, long live RIS and GRH for those cases though.

And a third one: 6to4. Every Windows box and most Linux/BSD boxes
support this, IPv4: aa.bb.cc.dd (dec->hex) -> 2002:<aabb>:<ccdd>::/48
et tada you made a IPv6 address from a IPv4 address but these are of
course traceable.

Greets,
 Jeroen


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To: millenix@zemos.net
From: Tony Finch <dot@dotat.at>
Cc: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: blacklisting throwaway domains, was Re: [Asrg] Re: 6 - Yahoo Domain Keys
In-Reply-To: <40ABEA25.5060901@zemos.net>
References: <40AAB82D.3090004@solidmatrix.com> <GPEMJLCHICHEGPOKJHHDCELEHPAA.asrg@rebel.com.au> <16555.56412.585254.961521@world.std.com> <16555.56412.585254.961521@world.std.com>
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Philip Miller <millenix@zemos.net> wrote:
>
>> As far as I can tell spammers have now become domain registries and
>> just generate random-appearing, generated domains like www.fxbrezd.com
>> (or, more often, .info or .somecountryyoudon'twanttoknowmoreabout.)
>
>These types of things could potentially be blacklisted. Has anyone created a 
>functioning BL of domain registrars, rather than domains?

It's easier to blacklist nameservers than registrars -- working out a
domain's name servers is much simpler than getting to grips with whois.
You need the right kind of blacklist for this purpose, because it must
target nameservers that are only used for spam domains. Fortunately
such a blacklist already exists: the SBL. SpamAssassin 3.0 includes
a module that checks the nameservers of any URL in the message against
the SBL, and this has proved to be very effective. The same technique
should work well against the nameservers of domains in email addresses.

Tony.
-- 
f.a.n.finch  <dot@dotat.at>  http://dotat.at/
THE MULL OF GALLOWAY TO MULL OF KINTYRE INCLUDING THE FIRTH OF CLYDE AND THE
NORTH CHANNEL: WEST 3 OR 4 VEERING NORTHWEST 4 OR 5. VARIABLE CLOUD AMOUNTS,
RISK LIGHT SHOWER. MAINLY GOOD. SLIGHT TO MODERATE BECOMING MODERATE.

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From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@ox.org>
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: Spam send/receive ratio 
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"Chris" <asrg@rebel.com.au> wrote:
> > > One of the distinguishing characteristics of a spammer is the
> > > imbalance between mail sent and mail received.
> 
> Totally Unforgivable Rubbish (TUR for short)
> 
> I recieve maybe a hundred emails each day. but when I send out to my mail
> list I send tens of thousands

  Really?  That's not how mailing lists work, so far as I know.

  The *list* re-sends the message to tens of thousands of recipients.
You don't.  Since each recipient has opted-in to the list, this isn't
a problem.

> under the above 'criteria' I automatically become a "spammer" when in fact I
> simply have a lot of potential customers ALL on a double opt in list.

  No.  You match a distinguishing characteristic of spammers.  This
doesn't mean you're a spammer.  It just means that your behavior
overlaps with that of spammers.

  This isn't news.  Everyone uses SMTP to send mail, and so do
spammers.  This doesn't make everyone using SMTP a spammer.

  Spammers have additional distinguishing characteristics which you
don't match.  Ergo, you're not a spammer.

  In other news, is everyone with a tattoo a criminal?  I've seen
"wanted" posters which list "tattos" as "distinguishing
characteristics" of a criminal.

> This is very blinkered reasoning.

  Please blink more often.  It might clarify your vision.

  Alan DeKok.

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Subject: Re: [Asrg] [Fwd: Yahoo! Mail Publishes Specification for DomainKeys]
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Quoting Matthew Elvey (matthew@elvey.com):
> 
> DK requires orders of magnitude more
> work to adopt, though not as much as SPF+SRS.

Nod.

> 
> DK is about as reliant on blacklists/reputation services as other 
> proposals. Without them, CSV is not easier for a spammer to circumvent 
> than DK or SPF.  They all require that something be put in a DNS entry 
> for a domain that costs approximately nothing to put there beyond the 
> cost of the domain itself. DKs aren't signed by CAs, remember.
> Exploit: A spammer would have control of the DNS server for the 
> responsible domain, and a BotNet spamming node would spam with a valid 
> DK.  The DK would be in the zombie worm that created the BotNet, or even 
> communicated via IRC.
> 
> So, I think DK is shown to be about as trivial to circumvent as the 40% 
> solution / CSV+++.

Unless I'm missing something I think its even easier to circumvent
and Yahoo! seems to agree:

    6.5 Envelope audit

    [ To be discussed: Identify the preconditions in the base document
    that allow for envelope auditing to protect against replay and
    joe-jobs ]

All that is signed is what is received by the signing MTA.  Get a
Yahoo! throwaway account.  Send email from Yahoo! to yourself at
another account.  Strip headers added in transit and you have a DK
signed message that can be wrapped in a new envelope and it will
verify as signed by Yahoo!.

If widely adopted, DK or something like it might go a long way
towards stopping phishing.  But the phisher can still register a
domain that looks like paypal.com, valued-paypal-customer.com, and
sign that himself and the naive user will still get sucked into the
fraud.

John Capo
Tuffmail.com

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Jonathan Morton wrote:
> ...which I do.  I thought I'd made that clear.
> 
> While I don't yet have a document describing exactly how it works, the
> essence is that high-value hashcash can be replaced by a low-value
> hashcash combined with a whitelisted signature.  The signature is also
> included with high-value hashcash tokens so that whitelists can be built
> easily.  The required hashcash value for return mail is indicated by
> another header.

CAMRAM proposes to do something like this.  Their whitelists are based
on signatures.

btw I've been working on an extensible v1 hashcash format, and your
comments about hashing sigs also occurred to me in that context.  See
thread on apr 18-19 on:

	http://news.gmane.org/gmane.mail.spam.hashcash

my motivation for having hashcash of signatures was that verifying a
signature costs order of 2ms (on 3 Ghz P4) where as verifying a hashcash
takes order of 20ns O(10^5) higher cost (rough calc based on openssl
speed dsa1024 and openssl speed sha1).  So one could have eg a 12 bit
stamp (est 5ms to produce) to defend against people wasting the servers
time.  ie the server would verify the hashcash before verifying the
signature.

Of course other reasons to sign hashcash tokens, hashcash auth signature
keys etc are to facilitate the CAMRAM like logic where signatures are
introduced as whitelisting mechanisms.

> Reducing the capacity of the zombie network is bound to be worthwhile. 
> I would also suggest that victims are more likely to notice their
> infected machine if it has high CPU usage than if it has high network
> usage.
> 
> I would also suggest that 0.1c per mail would make for less frivolity
> than the present 0.001c per mail.  Your paper says that 0.1c/mail was
> used by spammers as a price in the past.  The pertinent question is: 
> how far in the past, and what were the spamming levels like back then?

> My idea of
> "make an impact" starts from "prevent the problem from getting even
> worse than at present" and works from there.

Well I think we can make a negative-proof for just about all current
anti-spam systems.  Ie "this doesn't work in the limit and here's why
and how a spammer can work around or adapt to your anti-spam system".
blacklists, whitelists, keyword filter, bayesian filter, traded
checksums, the works.  Well that should be self-evident given the volume
of spam despite these attempts.

So I'd say hashcash is still an interesting ingredient into the mix.

> Strongly disagree.  To make an impact, the worst-case I can think of
> would demand about a minute of work on average, and I would hope we
> could work with less.
> 
> Your idea of "make an impact", however, seems to be equivalent to our
> idea of "virtually eliminate the problem single-handed".  

Adam



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Jonathan Morton wrote:
> ...which I do.  I thought I'd made that clear.
> 
> While I don't yet have a document describing exactly how it works, the
> essence is that high-value hashcash can be replaced by a low-value
> hashcash combined with a whitelisted signature.  The signature is also
> included with high-value hashcash tokens so that whitelists can be built
> easily.  The required hashcash value for return mail is indicated by
> another header.

CAMRAM proposes to do something like this.  Their whitelists are based
on signatures.

btw I've been working on an extensible v1 hashcash format, and your
comments about hashing sigs also occurred to me in that context.  See
thread on apr 18-19 on:

	http://news.gmane.org/gmane.mail.spam.hashcash

my motivation for having hashcash of signatures was that verifying a
signature costs order of 2ms (on 3 Ghz P4) where as verifying a hashcash
takes order of 20ns O(10^5) higher cost (rough calc based on openssl
speed dsa1024 and openssl speed sha1).  So one could have eg a 12 bit
stamp (est 5ms to produce) to defend against people wasting the servers
time.  ie the server would verify the hashcash before verifying the
signature.

Of course other reasons to sign hashcash tokens, hashcash auth signature
keys etc are to facilitate the CAMRAM like logic where signatures are
introduced as whitelisting mechanisms.

> Reducing the capacity of the zombie network is bound to be worthwhile. 
> I would also suggest that victims are more likely to notice their
> infected machine if it has high CPU usage than if it has high network
> usage.
> 
> I would also suggest that 0.1c per mail would make for less frivolity
> than the present 0.001c per mail.  Your paper says that 0.1c/mail was
> used by spammers as a price in the past.  The pertinent question is: 
> how far in the past, and what were the spamming levels like back then?

> My idea of
> "make an impact" starts from "prevent the problem from getting even
> worse than at present" and works from there.

Well I think we can make a negative-proof for just about all current
anti-spam systems.  Ie "this doesn't work in the limit and here's why
and how a spammer can work around or adapt to your anti-spam system".
blacklists, whitelists, keyword filter, bayesian filter, traded
checksums, the works.  Well that should be self-evident given the volume
of spam despite these attempts.

So I'd say hashcash is still an interesting ingredient into the mix.

> Strongly disagree.  To make an impact, the worst-case I can think of
> would demand about a minute of work on average, and I would hope we
> could work with less.
> 
> Your idea of "make an impact", however, seems to be equivalent to our
> idea of "virtually eliminate the problem single-handed".  

Adam


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Subject: Re: [Asrg] [Fwd: Yahoo! Mail Publishes Specification for DomainKeys]
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Matthew Elvey wrote:

> Apropos Yahoo's DK I-D wannabe-
> http://antispam.yahoo.com/domainkeys/draft-delany-domainkeys-base-00.txt 
> posted to this thread:
> It fails to meet IETF requirements for publication as an I-D, or for 
> serious consideration by this group.
> 
> This text is not allowed:
> "This document may not be modified, and derivative works of it may not
> be created. This document may only be posted in an Internet-Draft."
> 

Slight correction: it meets the IETF requirements for publication as an 
ID. HOWEVER, it does not meet the IETF requirements for a standards 
track ID. There is a slight difference.

I am not involved with the DK/IETF discussions but my hunch is that the 
Yahoo guys are waiting to see if they can proceed in the IETF Standards 
process before modifing the ID. Same as what took place with the SPF ID 
- the -00 draft has the same problem, the current -01 draft does not. I 
would assume that they are probably discussing things with the ADs at 
the IETF.

Yakov
--
Yakov Shafranovich / asrg <at> shaftek.org
SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc. / research <at> solidmatrix.com
"And this too shall come to pass" (Unknown)

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Matthew Elvey wrote:
> As has been said before, all the extant I-Ds, including this one, and 
> C-ID can only work against spamers long term in conjunction with
> either
> A)RHSBLs or
> B)mandatory (but not necessarily monopoly/oligopoly) reputation services.
> 

Reputation/accrediation/trust stuff is something that the ASRG should 
probably be looking into. We had some discussions on this in the 
SMTP-VERIFY subgroup before.

Yakov
--
Yakov Shafranovich / asrg <at> shaftek.org
SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc. / research <at> solidmatrix.com
"Some lies are easier to believe than the truth" (Dune)

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Subject: Re: [Asrg] [Fwd: Yahoo! Mail Publishes Specification for DomainKeys]
References: <40AAB82D.3090004@solidmatrix.com> <40AC314F.9030501@elvey.com> <40AD115E.7030500@solidmatrix.com>
In-Reply-To: <40AD115E.7030500@solidmatrix.com>
X-Habeas-SWE-1: winter into spring
X-Habeas-SWE-2: brightly anticipated
X-Habeas-SWE-3: like Habeas SWE (tm)
X-Habeas-SWE-4: Copyright 2002 Habeas (tm)
X-Habeas-SWE-5: Sender Warranted Email (SWE) (tm). The sender of this
X-Habeas-SWE-6: email in exchange for a license for this Habeas
X-Habeas-SWE-7: warrant mark warrants that this is a Habeas Compliant
X-Habeas-SWE-8: Message (HCM) and not spam. Please report use of this
X-Habeas-SWE-9: mark in spam to <http://www.habeas.com/report/>.
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My statement is based on http://www.ietf.org/ietf/1id-guidelines.txt :

Mandatory Statements
====================

All Internet-Drafts must begin with ONE of the following three
statements:

         This document is an Internet-Draft and is subject to
         all provisions of Section 10 of RFC2026.

         This document is an Internet-Draft and is subject to
         all provisions of Section 10 of RFC2026 except that the
         right to produce derivative works is not granted.

         This document is an Internet-Draft and is NOT offered in
         accordance with Section 10 of RFC2026, and the author does not
         provide the IETF with any rights other than to publish as an
         Internet-Draft


On 5/20/04 1:13 PM, Yakov Shafranovich sent forth electrons to convey:

> Matthew Elvey wrote:
>
>> Apropos Yahoo's DK I-D wannabe-
>> http://antispam.yahoo.com/domainkeys/draft-delany-domainkeys-base-00.txt 
>> posted to this thread:
>> It fails to meet IETF requirements for publication as an I-D, or for 
>> serious consideration by this group.
>>
>> This text is not allowed:
>> "This document may not be modified, and derivative works of it may not
>> be created. This document may only be posted in an Internet-Draft."
>>
>
> Slight correction: it meets the IETF requirements for publication as 
> an ID. HOWEVER, it does not meet the IETF requirements for a standards 
> track ID. There is a slight difference.
>
> I am not involved with the DK/IETF discussions but my hunch is that 
> the Yahoo guys are waiting to see if they can proceed in the IETF 
> Standards process before modifing the ID. Same as what took place with 
> the SPF ID - the -00 draft has the same problem, the current -01 draft 
> does not. I would assume that they are probably discussing things with 
> the ADs at the IETF.
>
> Yakov
> -- 
> Yakov Shafranovich / asrg <at> shaftek.org
> SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc. / research <at> solidmatrix.com
> "And this too shall come to pass" (Unknown)



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To: asrg@ietf.org
From: Richard Clayton <richard@highwayman.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 3. Proof-of-work analysis
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-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
Hash: SHA1

In article <LV1hjGBSmTqAFAry@highwayman.com>, Richard Clayton
<richard@highwayman.com> writes

>We've doubtless duplicated the figures on the back of many an
>envelope, but it is clearly useful to have the analysis in the formal
>literature where our assumptions and figures can be considered and
>possibly even improved upon by others.
>
>Paper:
>
>     http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~rnc1/proofwork.pdf

we're grateful (albeit a little embarrassed) for the consideration given
to one of our figures by Ted Wobber (MS Research) who has pointed out a
tenfold error in our sum involving an 0.0023% response rate  :-(

we'll be revising our text accordingly -- since this will weaken our
statements about the "economic argument" ... though it does _not_ affect
our analysis based on use of zombies  

- -- 
richard                                              Richard Clayton

They that can give up essential liberty to obtain a little temporary
safety deserve neither liberty nor safety.         Benjamin Franklin

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References: <40AAB82D.3090004@solidmatrix.com> <40AC314F.9030501@elvey.com> <40AD115E.7030500@solidmatrix.com> <40AD2B5F.9060105@elvey.com>
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See RFC 3667, section 5.2(b) which changed that. It seems that the 
secretariat did not yet update the ID guidelines to match RFC 3667.

Yakov

Matthew Elvey wrote:
> My statement is based on http://www.ietf.org/ietf/1id-guidelines.txt :
> 
> Mandatory Statements
> ====================
> 
> All Internet-Drafts must begin with ONE of the following three
> statements:
> 
>         This document is an Internet-Draft and is subject to
>         all provisions of Section 10 of RFC2026.
> 
>         This document is an Internet-Draft and is subject to
>         all provisions of Section 10 of RFC2026 except that the
>         right to produce derivative works is not granted.
> 
>         This document is an Internet-Draft and is NOT offered in
>         accordance with Section 10 of RFC2026, and the author does not
>         provide the IETF with any rights other than to publish as an
>         Internet-Draft
> 
> 
> On 5/20/04 1:13 PM, Yakov Shafranovich sent forth electrons to convey:
> 
>> Matthew Elvey wrote:
>>
>>> Apropos Yahoo's DK I-D wannabe-
>>> http://antispam.yahoo.com/domainkeys/draft-delany-domainkeys-base-00.txt 
>>> posted to this thread:
>>> It fails to meet IETF requirements for publication as an I-D, or for 
>>> serious consideration by this group.
>>>
>>> This text is not allowed:
>>> "This document may not be modified, and derivative works of it may not
>>> be created. This document may only be posted in an Internet-Draft."
>>>
>>
>> Slight correction: it meets the IETF requirements for publication as 
>> an ID. HOWEVER, it does not meet the IETF requirements for a standards 
>> track ID. There is a slight difference.
>>
>> I am not involved with the DK/IETF discussions but my hunch is that 
>> the Yahoo guys are waiting to see if they can proceed in the IETF 
>> Standards process before modifing the ID. Same as what took place with 
>> the SPF ID - the -00 draft has the same problem, the current -01 draft 
>> does not. I would assume that they are probably discussing things with 
>> the ADs at the IETF.
>>
>> Yakov

--
Yakov Shafranovich / asrg <at> shaftek.org
SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc. / research <at> solidmatrix.com
"And this too shall come to pass" (Unknown)

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References: <LV1hjGBSmTqAFAry@highwayman.com> <CB27C1AA-A8AB-11D8-B336-000393863768@chromatix.demon.co.uk> <mevaB4e60fqAFAu2@highwayman.com> <03A0F711-A929-11D8-B336-000393863768@chromatix.demon.co.uk> <j8075egWYyqAFA8T@highwayman.com> <7E9EC56E-A9E0-11D8-B336-000393863768@chromatix.demon.co.uk> <40ACF6F4.5010908@cypherspace.org>
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: 3. About hashcash v1 (was: Proof-of-work analysis)
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>> ...which I do.  I thought I'd made that clear.
>>
>> While I don't yet have a document describing exactly how it works, the
>> essence is that high-value hashcash can be replaced by a low-value
>> hashcash combined with a whitelisted signature.  The signature is also
>> included with high-value hashcash tokens so that whitelists can be 
>> built
>> easily.  The required hashcash value for return mail is indicated by
>> another header.
>
> CAMRAM proposes to do something like this.  Their whitelists are based
> on signatures.
>
> btw I've been working on an extensible v1 hashcash format, and your
> comments about hashing sigs also occurred to me in that context.  See
> thread on apr 18-19 on:
>
> 	http://news.gmane.org/gmane.mail.spam.hashcash

I hadn't seen the v1 format before, it looks like a worthwhile 
development.  I have some comments on it, though.

Instead of separating the random and count fields, I would include the 
sender's address in the stamp as well as the recipient's.  As well as 
genuinely eliminating the collision problem, having a monolithic "salt" 
means it is easier to implement an ultra-efficient generator - just add 
one and redo the block, instead of potentially lengthening a string.

Taking the time to pseudo-implement SHA-1 for the 6502 tends to 
concentrate the mind on efficiency, and made me realise that the 
present implementation is far from efficient - especially on x86.  I 
might end up fixing your SHA-1 implementation to be more efficient - if 
so, I'll send it back-channel.

I would also strongly suggest to keep the hashcash header format simple 
and monopurpose.  Some of your later examples are no longer 
human-readable, and could even be relatively difficult to 
machine-parse.  The plain v1 format, with optional extensions, is much 
better than that.  I feel that signatures can most cleanly be added in 
separate headers, especially if they sign the hash (which prevents 
replaying the signature) rather than the hash covering the signature.

> So one could have eg a 12 bit stamp (est 5ms to produce) to defend 
> against people wasting the servers time.  ie the server would verify 
> the hashcash before verifying the signature.

The aforementioned 6502 would take about 80 seconds to produce that 
12-bit stamp.  I was thinking of more like 8 bits, which could allow 
8-bit microcontrollers (many of which can usefully run TCP stacks) to 
use a hashcash/signature system.  To be fair, I don't think many people 
receive mail from 8-bit machines, so this could be a minor issue.

Anyway, I was thinking of signing the hashcash, rather than hashing on 
the signature.  The signature is still only valid if the hashcash is, 
which actually strengthens the signature because it must be unique and 
tailored to the recipient.

--------------------------------------------------------------
from:     Jonathan "Chromatix" Morton
mail:     chromi@chromatix.demon.co.uk
website:  http://www.chromatix.uklinux.net/
tagline:  The key to knowledge is not to rely on people to teach you it.


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From: "Chris" <asrg@rebel.com.au>
To: "Alan DeKok" <aland@ox.org>, <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] Re: Spam send/receive ratio 
Message-ID: <GPEMJLCHICHEGPOKJHHDKENBHPAA.asrg@rebel.com.au>
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>   The *list* re-sends the message to tens of thousands of recipients.
> You don't.  Since each recipient has opted-in to the list, this isn't
> a problem.
>

HOW is a receiving MTA going to know this? it just sees the volume
discrepency and says 'Spammer'.
Just like some befuddled people see tattoos and think 'criminal'.

>
>   In other news, is everyone with a tattoo a criminal?  I've seen
> "wanted" posters which list "tattos" as "distinguishing
> characteristics" of a criminal.
>

Huh. So if I have a tattoo I am *more likely* to be a criminal then.

most criminals have hair. should that be listed as a distinguishing feature?

Ever heard of white collar crime... thats the stuff that costs billions of
dollars and ruins country economies. nary a tattoo in sight.

I stick to very blinkered. with no apology.

No doubt volume is an indicator that SHOULD be used. but only at the
injection point not at the receiving point. the receiver has no way of
knowing that volume may mean spam.

But the ISP who suddenly sees an upsurge in mail originating from a client
could spool that mail and confirm with the client that such volumes is in
fact intended.

Even this would catch me as I only do a mail out on average once a year. but
at least I could respond to the (automatically generated) mail with some
sort of verification that Yes I intended to send those emails please let
them pass.

A no would pobably mean I have been zombified. and no mail should be allowed
out until the problem is resolved.

A simple turing test would stop the zombified machine automatically
responding a yes to the validation email.

Chris




> -----Original Message-----
> From: asrg-admin@ietf.org [mailto:asrg-admin@ietf.org]On Behalf Of Alan
> DeKok
> Sent: Friday, 21 May 2004 12:03 AM
> To: asrg@ietf.org
> Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: Spam send/receive ratio
>
>
> "Chris" <asrg@rebel.com.au> wrote:
> > > > One of the distinguishing characteristics of a spammer is the
> > > > imbalance between mail sent and mail received.
> >
> > Totally Unforgivable Rubbish (TUR for short)
> >
> > I recieve maybe a hundred emails each day. but when I send out
> to my mail
> > list I send tens of thousands
>
>   Really?  That's not how mailing lists work, so far as I know.
>
>   The *list* re-sends the message to tens of thousands of recipients.
> You don't.  Since each recipient has opted-in to the list, this isn't
> a problem.
>
> > under the above 'criteria' I automatically become a "spammer"
> when in fact I
> > simply have a lot of potential customers ALL on a double opt in list.
>
>   No.  You match a distinguishing characteristic of spammers.  This
> doesn't mean you're a spammer.  It just means that your behavior
> overlaps with that of spammers.
>
>   This isn't news.  Everyone uses SMTP to send mail, and so do
> spammers.  This doesn't make everyone using SMTP a spammer.
>
>   Spammers have additional distinguishing characteristics which you
> don't match.  Ergo, you're not a spammer.
>
>   In other news, is everyone with a tattoo a criminal?  I've seen
> "wanted" posters which list "tattos" as "distinguishing
> characteristics" of a criminal.
>
> > This is very blinkered reasoning.
>
>   Please blink more often.  It might clarify your vision.
>
>   Alan DeKok.
>
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg


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 From the MARID list.

-------- Original Message --------
The Caller-ID draft showed up in the ID repository although it hasn't
yet made it to the ID announce list:

http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-atkinson-callerid-00.txt


--
Yakov Shafranovich / asrg <at> shaftek.org
SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc. / research <at> solidmatrix.com
"There is nothing new under the sun" (Eccls. 1:9)

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From: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>
Organization: SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc.
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Subject: [Asrg] Stepping down from the ASRG
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ASRG Members,

I am writing to inform you that I am stepping down from my position as a
co-chair of the ASRG. Unfortunately, my time constraints have increased
to a point where it is impossible to me to continue ASRG work.

It has been a very exciting and unique experience for me personally, and
I want to thank all of you for contributing to it. I hope that my small
contribution to the IETF and IRTF communities has made an impact on this
group and the future of the Internet.

Sincerely,
Yakov Shafranovich
Former co-chair, ASRG

--
Yakov Shafranovich / asrg <at> shaftek.org
SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc. / research <at> solidmatrix.com
"And this too shall come to pass" (Unknown)

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From: "Chris" <asrg@rebel.com.au>
To: "Yakov Shafranovich" <research@solidmatrix.com>, "ASRG" <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] Stepping down from the ASRG
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I for one will be sad to see you go. a voice of reason amidst so much
clammer.

I hope you continue to succeed in all you do.

and thank you for so helpful when I needed it.

Warm Regards
Chris



> -----Original Message-----
> From: asrg-admin@ietf.org [mailto:asrg-admin@ietf.org]On Behalf Of Yakov
> Shafranovich
> Sent: Friday, 21 May 2004 3:47 PM
> To: ASRG
> Subject: [Asrg] Stepping down from the ASRG
>
>
> ASRG Members,
>
> I am writing to inform you that I am stepping down from my position as a
> co-chair of the ASRG. Unfortunately, my time constraints have increased
> to a point where it is impossible to me to continue ASRG work.
>
> It has been a very exciting and unique experience for me personally, and
> I want to thank all of you for contributing to it. I hope that my small
> contribution to the IETF and IRTF communities has made an impact on this
> group and the future of the Internet.
>
> Sincerely,
> Yakov Shafranovich
> Former co-chair, ASRG
>
> --
> Yakov Shafranovich / asrg <at> shaftek.org
> SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc. / research <at> solidmatrix.com
> "And this too shall come to pass" (Unknown)
>
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg


_______________________________________________
Asrg mailing list
Asrg@ietf.org
https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg



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From: "Chris" <asrg@rebel.com.au>
To: "ASRG" <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: [Asrg] 0 General: Forum
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Yakov has chosen to step down from his role as co-chair and this saddens me.

Now while I have no idea how to replace someone as pivotal as Yakov, can I
please put forward a hopefully helpful suggestion?

I am in the process of setting up a very small hosting service and it would
honour me if the members of this group would consider allowing me to host
this group in the form of a forum.

The forum could be hosted on its own domain and use the phpbb2 forum
package.

The reason I put this forward is I find that BB style forums are so much
easier to deal with than mailing lists
Threads and topics can all be logically organised.

I am sure many of you have used such forums and can decide whether that type
of forum would be suitable.

As for my own role I would not provide any other role than support and
maintenance handing over administration to the sitting chair. with full
access to the virtual website.


Regards
Chris



> -----Original Message-----
> From: asrg-admin@ietf.org [mailto:asrg-admin@ietf.org]On Behalf Of Yakov
> Shafranovich
> Sent: Friday, 21 May 2004 3:47 PM
> To: ASRG
> Subject: [Asrg] Stepping down from the ASRG
>
>
> ASRG Members,
>
> I am writing to inform you that I am stepping down from my position as a
> co-chair of the ASRG. Unfortunately, my time constraints have increased
> to a point where it is impossible to me to continue ASRG work.
>
> It has been a very exciting and unique experience for me personally, and
> I want to thank all of you for contributing to it. I hope that my small
> contribution to the IETF and IRTF communities has made an impact on this
> group and the future of the Internet.
>
> Sincerely,
> Yakov Shafranovich
> Former co-chair, ASRG
>
> --
> Yakov Shafranovich / asrg <at> shaftek.org
> SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc. / research <at> solidmatrix.com
> "And this too shall come to pass" (Unknown)
>
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg


_______________________________________________
Asrg mailing list
Asrg@ietf.org
https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg



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From: William Leibzon <william@completewhois.com>
To: Chris <asrg@rebel.com.au>
Cc: ASRG <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] [Fwd: Yahoo! Mail Publishes Specification for DomainKeys]
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You're missing the point. You can't assume that everybody would start 
running DomainKeys systems all over the world. As such any proposal 
should ensure that if sender system is using it, that the MTA server on 
the recepient side can safely verify the email even if somewhere in 
between it passed through MTA systems which have no idea about what
this proposal is about. Domainkeys in the way its been published does
not meet this criteria as there are many cases when intermediate MTAs
change or add additional headers.

On Thu, 20 May 2004, Chris wrote:

> >
> > Big problem I have with it is that yahoo domain keys breaks with email
> > forwarders, mail lists and roaming users
> 
> I don't understand why you say this.
> 
> Roaming users still have to log into an ISP somewhere to send their email.
> if The ISP is prepared to let them access the mail system the ISP becomes
> responsible for what they do. So they should at the very least validate
> them.
> 
> Mail forwarders can sign the mail. they must accept responsibilty for the
> forwarding as above.
> 
> Mailing lists must also be held accountable for what they send. they are
> simply another 'injection point' and can validate the sender before
> inserting it into the list.
> 
> > email content must be changed in process
> > of tranmission
> 
> Why 'must' content be changed?
> 
> headers need to be added and those should be signed off as well as the
> previous mta's signature. granted this additional signing increases the load
> especially for the MTR, but if Spam is reduced then the initial load would
> be reduced anyway.
> 
> If content MUST be changed then the authority changing the content becomes
> the owner. and therefore responsible for the 'new' email.
> 
> Regards
> Chris
> 
> 
> 
> > -----Original Message-----
> > From: asrg-admin@ietf.org [mailto:asrg-admin@ietf.org]On Behalf Of
> > William Leibzon
> > Sent: Thursday, 20 May 2004 4:17 AM
> > To: ASRG
> > Subject: Re: [Asrg] [Fwd: Yahoo! Mail Publishes Specification for
> > DomainKeys]
> >
> >
> > And frankly, I'm less then satisfied after so many promises and lots of
> > wait for it. Its long document (which I ready fully) that primarily just
> > pounds on rather old idea of entering public key in dns and using private
> > key to add signed header to email, this idea had been around for at least
> > 4 years (possibly more) and I thought they found ways around above listed
> > and other similar problems when email content must be changed in process
> > of tranmission by intermediate server, but unfortunetly they did not. Nor
> > do they address entering keys too well, again we're back to reusing TXT
> > (where as what we need is standard for entering public keys in DNS and
> > this is needed not only for email but for several others things and in
> > general would come usefull, there have been drafts about this actually).
> >
> > On Tue, 18 May 2004, Yakov Shafranovich wrote:
> >
> > >  From MARID list.
> > >
> > > -------- Original Message --------
> > > Subject: Yahoo! Mail Publishes Specification for DomainKeys
> > > Date: Tue, 18 May 2004 10:46:32 -0400
> > > From: Larry Seltzer <larry@larryseltzer.com>
> > > To: 'IETF MARID WG' <ietf-mxcomp@imc.org>
> > >
> > >
> > > (see http://antispam.yahoo.com/domainkeys in particular)
> > >
> > > LJS
> > >
> > > Yahoo! Mail Publishes Specification for DomainKeys
> > >
> > > E-mail Authentication Solution Filed with IETF;
> > >
> > > Alpha Version of Open Source Code Available
> > >
> > > WHAT:
> > >
> > > On Tuesday, May 18, Yahoo! announces the publication of its
> > > specification on DomainKeys,
> > > a cryptographic e-mail authentication solution to help fight spam.
> > >
> > > DomainKeys: In order to attack spam at its roots, a powerful
> > solution is
> > > needed that can
> > > verify the identity of the e-mail sender and put an end to spoofing and
> > > forgery.
> > > DomainKeys help fight spam by providing strong assurance of both the
> > > sender's identity
> > > and the integrity of the e-mail content through the use of
> > > public/private key
> > > cryptography.
> > >
> > > On Monday, May 17, the company filed the spec as an Internet-draft with
> > > the IETF
> > > (Internet Engineering Task Force) standards body to begin the
> > > standardization process.
> > >
> > > Additionally, Yahoo! is currently developing a reference implementation
> > > for DomainKeys
> > > that can be plugged into Message Transfer Agents (MTAs), such as qmail.
> > > An alpha version
> > > of this software will be released under a royalty free license at
> > > SourceForge.net.
> > >
> > > WHERE:
> > >
> > > The specification, license terms and FAQs are posted on Yahoo!'s
> > > Anti-Spam Resource
> > > Center:  http://antispam.yahoo.com
> > > The alpha version of the software will be hosted at SourceForge.net at:
> > > http://sourceforge.net/index.php
> > >
> > > --
> > > Yakov Shafranovich / asrg <at> shaftek.org
> > > SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc. / research <at> solidmatrix.com
> > > "There is nothing new under the sun" (Eccls. 1:9)
> > >
> > > _______________________________________________
> > > Asrg mailing list
> > > Asrg@ietf.org
> > > https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg
> > >
> >
> >
> > _______________________________________________
> > Asrg mailing list
> > Asrg@ietf.org
> > https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg


_______________________________________________
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Asrg@ietf.org
https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg



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From: William Leibzon <william@completewhois.com>
To: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>
Cc: ASRG <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Stepping down from the ASRG
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This is a sad day for ASRG. Its been better with both you and John in 
the head then its been when this all originally started and you definetly
done enourmous work in planning and organizing the group activities and 
keeping people here informed of new developments. I wish you well.

On Fri, 21 May 2004, Yakov Shafranovich wrote:

> ASRG Members,
> 
> I am writing to inform you that I am stepping down from my position as a
> co-chair of the ASRG. Unfortunately, my time constraints have increased
> to a point where it is impossible to me to continue ASRG work.
> 
> It has been a very exciting and unique experience for me personally, and
> I want to thank all of you for contributing to it. I hope that my small
> contribution to the IETF and IRTF communities has made an impact on this
> group and the future of the Internet.
> 
> Sincerely,
> Yakov Shafranovich
> Former co-chair, ASRG
> 
> --
> Yakov Shafranovich / asrg <at> shaftek.org
> SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc. / research <at> solidmatrix.com
> "And this too shall come to pass" (Unknown)
> 
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg
> 


_______________________________________________
Asrg mailing list
Asrg@ietf.org
https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg



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From: "Chris" <asrg@rebel.com.au>
To: "William Leibzon" <william@completewhois.com>, "Chris" <asrg@rebel.com.au>
Cc: "ASRG" <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] [Fwd: Yahoo! Mail Publishes Specification for DomainKeys]
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Ok I am with you now.

But the draft is really only in its initial stage. the Author states that
quite emphatically.
So it is far too early to say "It won't work because"

There may be problems that need to be overcome. and can be.

Perhaps for the problem you mention do not include the "normal" headers in
the Domain Key digest
but add some special headers e.g.
DK-FROM: someone@example.com ; the original sender
DK-SENTBY: someone@myemailforwarders.com ; for mail forwarding roaming etc..

Then sign the message body and the special headers. leave the rest alone.
software that knows how to deal with DomainKeys can use those fields. other
software is on its own.

if an intervening MTA changes those headers or changes the body then the
mail could be seen as tainted and then refused.


Regards
Chris




> -----Original Message-----
> From: William Leibzon [mailto:william@completewhois.com]
> Sent: Friday, 21 May 2004 5:07 PM
> To: Chris
> Cc: ASRG
> Subject: RE: [Asrg] [Fwd: Yahoo! Mail Publishes Specification for
> DomainKeys]
>
>
>
> You're missing the point. You can't assume that everybody would start
> running DomainKeys systems all over the world. As such any proposal
> should ensure that if sender system is using it, that the MTA server on
> the recepient side can safely verify the email even if somewhere in
> between it passed through MTA systems which have no idea about what
> this proposal is about. Domainkeys in the way its been published does
> not meet this criteria as there are many cases when intermediate MTAs
> change or add additional headers.
>
> On Thu, 20 May 2004, Chris wrote:
>
> > >
> > > Big problem I have with it is that yahoo domain keys breaks with email
> > > forwarders, mail lists and roaming users
> >
> > I don't understand why you say this.
> >
> > Roaming users still have to log into an ISP somewhere to send
> their email.
> > if The ISP is prepared to let them access the mail system the
> ISP becomes
> > responsible for what they do. So they should at the very least validate
> > them.
> >
> > Mail forwarders can sign the mail. they must accept
> responsibilty for the
> > forwarding as above.
> >
> > Mailing lists must also be held accountable for what they send. they are
> > simply another 'injection point' and can validate the sender before
> > inserting it into the list.
> >
> > > email content must be changed in process
> > > of tranmission
> >
> > Why 'must' content be changed?
> >
> > headers need to be added and those should be signed off as well as the
> > previous mta's signature. granted this additional signing
> increases the load
> > especially for the MTR, but if Spam is reduced then the initial
> load would
> > be reduced anyway.
> >
> > If content MUST be changed then the authority changing the
> content becomes
> > the owner. and therefore responsible for the 'new' email.
> >
> > Regards
> > Chris
> >
> >
> >
> > > -----Original Message-----
> > > From: asrg-admin@ietf.org [mailto:asrg-admin@ietf.org]On Behalf Of
> > > William Leibzon
> > > Sent: Thursday, 20 May 2004 4:17 AM
> > > To: ASRG
> > > Subject: Re: [Asrg] [Fwd: Yahoo! Mail Publishes Specification for
> > > DomainKeys]
> > >
> > >
> > > And frankly, I'm less then satisfied after so many promises
> and lots of
> > > wait for it. Its long document (which I ready fully) that
> primarily just
> > > pounds on rather old idea of entering public key in dns and
> using private
> > > key to add signed header to email, this idea had been around
> for at least
> > > 4 years (possibly more) and I thought they found ways around
> above listed
> > > and other similar problems when email content must be changed
> in process
> > > of tranmission by intermediate server, but unfortunetly they
> did not. Nor
> > > do they address entering keys too well, again we're back to
> reusing TXT
> > > (where as what we need is standard for entering public keys in DNS and
> > > this is needed not only for email but for several others things and in
> > > general would come usefull, there have been drafts about this
> actually).
> > >
> > > On Tue, 18 May 2004, Yakov Shafranovich wrote:
> > >
> > > >  From MARID list.
> > > >
> > > > -------- Original Message --------
> > > > Subject: Yahoo! Mail Publishes Specification for DomainKeys
> > > > Date: Tue, 18 May 2004 10:46:32 -0400
> > > > From: Larry Seltzer <larry@larryseltzer.com>
> > > > To: 'IETF MARID WG' <ietf-mxcomp@imc.org>
> > > >
> > > >
> > > > (see http://antispam.yahoo.com/domainkeys in particular)
> > > >
> > > > LJS
> > > >
> > > > Yahoo! Mail Publishes Specification for DomainKeys
> > > >
> > > > E-mail Authentication Solution Filed with IETF;
> > > >
> > > > Alpha Version of Open Source Code Available
> > > >
> > > > WHAT:
> > > >
> > > > On Tuesday, May 18, Yahoo! announces the publication of its
> > > > specification on DomainKeys,
> > > > a cryptographic e-mail authentication solution to help fight spam.
> > > >
> > > > DomainKeys: In order to attack spam at its roots, a powerful
> > > solution is
> > > > needed that can
> > > > verify the identity of the e-mail sender and put an end to
> spoofing and
> > > > forgery.
> > > > DomainKeys help fight spam by providing strong assurance of both the
> > > > sender's identity
> > > > and the integrity of the e-mail content through the use of
> > > > public/private key
> > > > cryptography.
> > > >
> > > > On Monday, May 17, the company filed the spec as an
> Internet-draft with
> > > > the IETF
> > > > (Internet Engineering Task Force) standards body to begin the
> > > > standardization process.
> > > >
> > > > Additionally, Yahoo! is currently developing a reference
> implementation
> > > > for DomainKeys
> > > > that can be plugged into Message Transfer Agents (MTAs),
> such as qmail.
> > > > An alpha version
> > > > of this software will be released under a royalty free license at
> > > > SourceForge.net.
> > > >
> > > > WHERE:
> > > >
> > > > The specification, license terms and FAQs are posted on Yahoo!'s
> > > > Anti-Spam Resource
> > > > Center:  http://antispam.yahoo.com
> > > > The alpha version of the software will be hosted at
> SourceForge.net at:
> > > > http://sourceforge.net/index.php
> > > >
> > > > --
> > > > Yakov Shafranovich / asrg <at> shaftek.org
> > > > SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc. / research <at> solidmatrix.com
> > > > "There is nothing new under the sun" (Eccls. 1:9)
> > > >
> > > > _______________________________________________
> > > > Asrg mailing list
> > > > Asrg@ietf.org
> > > > https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg
> > > >
> > >
> > >
> > > _______________________________________________
> > > Asrg mailing list
> > > Asrg@ietf.org
> > > https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg
>


_______________________________________________
Asrg mailing list
Asrg@ietf.org
https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg



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From: William Leibzon <william@completewhois.com>
To: Chris <asrg@rebel.com.au>
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] 0 General: Forum
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IETF requires work to be done through email lists as such web forum format 
would not be acceptable. G-maine list archive for this mail list is at
http://news.gmane.org/gmane.ietf.asrg.general/ and it allows to view the 
posts in more thread-like format and easier to search for particular 
messages. Additionally quite a number of subscribers prefer email list 
format over the web based forums.

In the future its possible that IETF would use software that allows for 
some integration between mail lists and web forums. Currently there is a 
shortage of available packages that can do it and those available are all
in early beta testing, such as phpbb m2f project (for more info see
see http://m2f.sourceforge.net/index.php which tries to integrage phpBB
forums with majordomo mail lists). I have it running  on one of 
our servers and can in theory set up such forum for asrg, but it 
really would not work properly unless the maillist is also running on same 
system, plus I think IETF is running on mailman and not on majordomo

On Fri, 21 May 2004, Chris wrote:

> 
> Yakov has chosen to step down from his role as co-chair and this saddens me.
> 
> Now while I have no idea how to replace someone as pivotal as Yakov, can I
> please put forward a hopefully helpful suggestion?
> 
> I am in the process of setting up a very small hosting service and it would
> honour me if the members of this group would consider allowing me to host
> this group in the form of a forum.
> 
> The forum could be hosted on its own domain and use the phpbb2 forum
> package.
> 
> The reason I put this forward is I find that BB style forums are so much
> easier to deal with than mailing lists
> Threads and topics can all be logically organised.
> 
> I am sure many of you have used such forums and can decide whether that type
> of forum would be suitable.
> 
> As for my own role I would not provide any other role than support and
> maintenance handing over administration to the sitting chair. with full
> access to the virtual website.
> 
> 
> Regards
> Chris
> 
> 
> 
> > -----Original Message-----
> > From: asrg-admin@ietf.org [mailto:asrg-admin@ietf.org]On Behalf Of Yakov
> > Shafranovich
> > Sent: Friday, 21 May 2004 3:47 PM
> > To: ASRG
> > Subject: [Asrg] Stepping down from the ASRG
> >
> >
> > ASRG Members,
> >
> > I am writing to inform you that I am stepping down from my position as a
> > co-chair of the ASRG. Unfortunately, my time constraints have increased
> > to a point where it is impossible to me to continue ASRG work.
> >
> > It has been a very exciting and unique experience for me personally, and
> > I want to thank all of you for contributing to it. I hope that my small
> > contribution to the IETF and IRTF communities has made an impact on this
> > group and the future of the Internet.
> >
> > Sincerely,
> > Yakov Shafranovich
> > Former co-chair, ASRG
> >
> > --
> > Yakov Shafranovich / asrg <at> shaftek.org
> > SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc. / research <at> solidmatrix.com
> > "And this too shall come to pass" (Unknown)
> >
> > _______________________________________________
> > Asrg mailing list
> > Asrg@ietf.org
> > https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg
> 
> 
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg


_______________________________________________
Asrg mailing list
Asrg@ietf.org
https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg



From exim@www1.ietf.org  Fri May 21 05:33:39 2004
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From: "Chris" <asrg@rebel.com.au>
To: "William Leibzon" <william@completewhois.com>
Cc: "ASRG" <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] 0 General: Forum
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I wasnt aware that the ietf 'requires' it

> messages. Additionally quite a number of subscribers prefer email list
> format over the web based forums.

Hmmm I for one would prefer it the other way round. that way everything is
centralised
I would get email notifications only when activity occurs on a thread I am
interested in.

but it would be helpful if it was a system that went both ways. it wouldn't
be hard to do regardless of the maillist used.

any posts on the forum would also be sent out to the maillist as it is now.
any messages from the mail list would be automatically inserted into the
forum.

But I am too busy to do that myself now, perhaps if there was enough
interest I could make time for it.

I actually fully intend creating a "forum to news to forum" interface for
another project I am involved in so perhaps they will crossover.

Regards
Chris




> -----Original Message-----
> From: asrg-admin@ietf.org [mailto:asrg-admin@ietf.org]On Behalf Of
> William Leibzon
> Sent: Friday, 21 May 2004 5:37 PM
> To: Chris
> Cc: ASRG
> Subject: Re: [Asrg] 0 General: Forum
>
>
>
> IETF requires work to be done through email lists as such web
> forum format
> would not be acceptable. G-maine list archive for this mail list is at
> http://news.gmane.org/gmane.ietf.asrg.general/ and it allows to view the
> posts in more thread-like format and easier to search for particular
> messages. Additionally quite a number of subscribers prefer email list
> format over the web based forums.
>
> In the future its possible that IETF would use software that allows for
> some integration between mail lists and web forums. Currently there is a
> shortage of available packages that can do it and those available are all
> in early beta testing, such as phpbb m2f project (for more info see
> see http://m2f.sourceforge.net/index.php which tries to integrage phpBB
> forums with majordomo mail lists). I have it running  on one of
> our servers and can in theory set up such forum for asrg, but it
> really would not work properly unless the maillist is also
> running on same
> system, plus I think IETF is running on mailman and not on majordomo
>
> On Fri, 21 May 2004, Chris wrote:
>
> >
> > Yakov has chosen to step down from his role as co-chair and
> this saddens me.
> >
> > Now while I have no idea how to replace someone as pivotal as
> Yakov, can I
> > please put forward a hopefully helpful suggestion?
> >
> > I am in the process of setting up a very small hosting service
> and it would
> > honour me if the members of this group would consider allowing
> me to host
> > this group in the form of a forum.
> >
> > The forum could be hosted on its own domain and use the phpbb2 forum
> > package.
> >
> > The reason I put this forward is I find that BB style forums are so much
> > easier to deal with than mailing lists
> > Threads and topics can all be logically organised.
> >
> > I am sure many of you have used such forums and can decide
> whether that type
> > of forum would be suitable.
> >
> > As for my own role I would not provide any other role than support and
> > maintenance handing over administration to the sitting chair. with full
> > access to the virtual website.
> >
> >
> > Regards
> > Chris
> >
> >
> >
> > > -----Original Message-----
> > > From: asrg-admin@ietf.org [mailto:asrg-admin@ietf.org]On
> Behalf Of Yakov
> > > Shafranovich
> > > Sent: Friday, 21 May 2004 3:47 PM
> > > To: ASRG
> > > Subject: [Asrg] Stepping down from the ASRG
> > >
> > >
> > > ASRG Members,
> > >
> > > I am writing to inform you that I am stepping down from my
> position as a
> > > co-chair of the ASRG. Unfortunately, my time constraints have
> increased
> > > to a point where it is impossible to me to continue ASRG work.
> > >
> > > It has been a very exciting and unique experience for me
> personally, and
> > > I want to thank all of you for contributing to it. I hope
> that my small
> > > contribution to the IETF and IRTF communities has made an
> impact on this
> > > group and the future of the Internet.
> > >
> > > Sincerely,
> > > Yakov Shafranovich
> > > Former co-chair, ASRG
> > >
> > > --
> > > Yakov Shafranovich / asrg <at> shaftek.org
> > > SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc. / research <at> solidmatrix.com
> > > "And this too shall come to pass" (Unknown)
> > >
> > > _______________________________________________
> > > Asrg mailing list
> > > Asrg@ietf.org
> > > https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg
> >
> >
> > _______________________________________________
> > Asrg mailing list
> > Asrg@ietf.org
> > https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg
>
>
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg


_______________________________________________
Asrg mailing list
Asrg@ietf.org
https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg



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> I am in the process of setting up a very small hosting service and it
> would honour me if the members of this group would consider allowing
> me to host this group in the form of a forum.

I'm not sure what "a forum" is, nor how it differs from what we have
now, but as long as a normal mailing list interface is available it's
fine with me.  (If no mailing list interface is available, I for one
won't be using it.)

> The reason I put this forward is I find that BB style forums are so
> much easier to deal with than mailing lists

This sounds as though what you have in mind has an interface that's
fairly drastically different from a mailing list.  I have nothing
against that, as long as the mailing list interface is also available.

> Threads and topics can all be logically organised.

This is also true of email, if you pick the right user agent - or so I
hear; it's not something I want, so it's not something I've sought out
myself, or implemented in my own user agent.

/~\ The ASCII				der Mouse
\ / Ribbon Campaign
 X  Against HTML	       mouse@rodents.montreal.qc.ca
/ \ Email!	     7D C8 61 52 5D E7 2D 39  4E F1 31 3E E8 B3 27 4B

_______________________________________________
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Asrg@ietf.org
https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg



From exim@www1.ietf.org  Fri May 21 11:49:37 2004
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From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@ox.org>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: Spam send/receive ratio 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Fri, 21 May 2004 11:00:33 +0930."
             <GPEMJLCHICHEGPOKJHHDKENBHPAA.asrg@rebel.com.au> 
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"Chris" <asrg@rebel.com.au> wrote:
> >   The *list* re-sends the message to tens of thousands of recipients.
> > You don't.  Since each recipient has opted-in to the list, this isn't
> > a problem.
> 
> HOW is a receiving MTA going to know this?

  It sees the mail coming from the list, so any concerns about volume
are associated with the list, and not with the original submitter.

  That was your original point, I believe.  That you would be marked a
spammer because of the list exploding your traffic to tens of
thousands of people.  But it's not you, it's the list.

> it just sees the volume discrepency and says 'Spammer'. 

  Dumb MTA's may closely monitor the list, due to the volume of
traffic coming from it.  However, there are ways for the MTA to tell
that the traffic is NOT spam:

  - users at the MTA's domain send messages to the list
  - so the MTA communicates with the list's MX's
  - lists are long-lived, as opposed to spamvertized addresses
  - little spam comes from lists

> Huh. So if I have a tattoo I am *more likely* to be a criminal then.

  No.  The relationship is the inverse of what you said, which is an
important distinction: Criminals are more likely to have tattoos than
the average person.

  The distinction is critical to a proper understanding of the problem.

> most criminals have hair. should that be listed as a distinguishing feature?

  Most non-criminals have hair, too.  Therefore it's not a
distinguishing feature of criminals.

  This shouldn't be rocket science.

> Ever heard of white collar crime... thats the stuff that costs billions of
> dollars and ruins country economies. nary a tattoo in sight.

  You're misunderstanding statistics, correlation, causation,
overlapping sets, and inverse problems.  You're not alone.  These are
difficult problems for anyone.

  Criminals are more likely to have tattoos than the average person,
but not all criminals have tattoos, and not all tattooed people are
criminals.

> I stick to very blinkered. with no apology.

  Then I'll apologize for pointing out the flaws in your reasoning.

> No doubt volume is an indicator that SHOULD be used. but only at the
> injection point not at the receiving point. the receiver has no way of
> knowing that volume may mean spam.

  The receiver doesn't have visibility into the injection point.  The
receiver sees only what it receives.

  And large volumes of traffic from someone the reciever has never
communicated with before is a strong indicator that the traffic may be
spam.  At the minimum, the receiver should treat the traffic with more
suspicion that low-volume traffic, or traffic from well-known sources.

> But the ISP who suddenly sees an upsurge in mail originating from a client
> could spool that mail and confirm with the client that such volumes is in
> fact intended.

  And the recipient can do the same thing.

> A simple turing test would stop the zombified machine automatically
> responding a yes to the validation email.

  Please describe such a test that would work in practice.

  Here, "work" means not only be practical as a turing test, but also
be something that the end user would respond to.

  Alan DeKok.

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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: Spam send/receive ratio
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On Fri, 21 May 2004, Chris wrote:
> Someone that Chris wasn't polite enough to attribute, wrote:
> >   In other news, is everyone with a tattoo a criminal?  I've seen
> > "wanted" posters which list "tattos" as "distinguishing
> > characteristics" of a criminal.
> 
> Huh. So if I have a tattoo I am *more likely* to be a criminal then.

No, you're only more likly to be _that_ criminal, which you probably
don't match the description of in a dozen other ways.

He said "of a criminal", not "of criminals". Tattoos are a way to
confirm that you've recognized that person, but probably not the best
way to go about finding him in a crowd.

-- 
David Maxwell, david@vex.net|david@maxwell.net -->
(About an Amiga rendering landscapes) It's not thinking, it's being artistic!
					      - Jamie Woods


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X-Habeas-SWE-1: winter into spring
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On 5/21/2004 2:04 AM, der Mouse sent forth electrons to convey:

>>Threads and topics can all be logically organised.
>>    
>>
>
>This is also true of email, if you pick the right user agent - or so I
>hear; it's not something I want, so it's not something I've sought out
>myself, or implemented in my own user agent.
>  
>
I use threaded mode to read ASRG mail, and it works pretty well.

One of the key things I'd want to see in an alternative forum would be 
support for expressing support for notable posts - omething like 
slashcode (what /. runs on).  BB offers just polls.  Support for what I 
attempted
here: http://asrg.sp.am/wiki?OpinionMatrix would be nice.



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Subject: Re: [Asrg] 0 General: Forum
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>I am in the process of setting up a very small hosting service and it would
>honour me if the members of this group would consider allowing me to host
>this group in the form of a forum.

Thanks, but if the list moves, the only place it's likely to move to
is my majordomo2 server at asrg.sp.am where the subgroup lists live now.

Regards,
John Levine, johnl@taugh.com, Taughannock Networks, Trumansburg NY
http://www.taugh.com

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From: "Chris" <asrg@rebel.com.au>
To: "Alan DeKok" <aland@ox.org>, <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] Re: Spam send/receive ratio 
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> >
> > HOW is a receiving MTA going to know this?
>
>   It sees the mail coming from the list, so any concerns about volume
> are associated with the list, and not with the original submitter.
>

? perhaps confusion here over the meaning of "list" I am talking about a
mailing list of my customers
I am not talking about a list such as this ASRG list. on my mailing list I
am the submitter. I sent the mail.
But it makes no difference either way.

>
>   You're misunderstanding statistics, correlation, causation,
> overlapping sets, and inverse problems.  You're not alone.  These are
> difficult problems for anyone.
>

No what I was saying is that using the statistics of mail volume to try and
pinpoint a spammer is a bogus test.
Statistics can and are misused all the time. Mail Volume is just such a
statistic.

My example was of my mailing list so I will continue...

Say I send out twenty emails a day. The general number of service emails to
my clients.

I develop a new piece of software so I decide to pen a special invitation to
my clients and tell them thay can get the software at a special invitation
only price of $x dollars. I include the URL of the order form for
conveniance.

Now your good intentioned MTA say "hey I got mail from xyz, I'll check his
volumes". and it comes up with "normal volume = 20, last hours volume =
5000". "Ooops" the MTA says "Spammer alert" and tosses my email. Perhaps it
also looked for other statistically telltale clues such as an embedded URL
and/or a perhaps the words '/special.*price/' and combined with the sudden
high volume it decides 'spam!'.

The MTA has made a bad decision which the recipient may not have
appreciated, especially when he eventually gets to my site and is forced to
pay full price because the mail didn't get thru.

My argument is simple. Mail Volumes can *in no way* be used to indicate
spam. it is simply flawed logic.

Again to return to the Tattoo 'statistic'. Imagine a Judge in a murder trial
telling the jury that statistically more murderers have tattoos.  and as the
defendant has a tattoo he is more likely to be the murderer.

The statistic may be absolutely correct, BUT the inference cannot be used in
the decision making process. to do so is seriously flawed.

A judge who said that could and should be disbarred for incompetance.

>
> > A simple turing test would stop the zombified machine automatically
> > responding a yes to the validation email.
>
>   Please describe such a test that would work in practice.
>
>   Here, "work" means not only be practical as a turing test, but also
> be something that the end user would respond to.

The end user is not relevant to this discussion. the only purposes of this
test is the sender's ISP confirming that *HIS* client in fact intended to
send out such volumes of mail. remembering that we are talking about an
unusual volume.

If I was to write such a volume check it would go like this...

Stats would be kept of the average volume of all mail sent from all clients.

As a client starts sending mail, a counter would be incremented. after a
period of time this count would be tested against the average for that
client for that time period. should the average exceed previous averages
then the mail would start to spool.

After another period of time the counts would again be tested. IF the number
of sends has dropped, the mail would be sent and it would be assumed it was
a simple spike, perhaps birthday invitations.

IF the count continued to exceed expectations then spooling would be
continued. an e-mail or other form of contact would be dispatched to the
client.

This email would contain a simple turing test something like numbers
embedded into an image or perhaps a stronger test. the recipient would have
to respond with the correct answer. This is to prevent a zombified machine
from intercepting the validation email and responding to it.

If the response was correct the spooled mail would be sent.

This is not designed to prevent a spammer. it is designed to prevent
someones account being misused by a third party.

Chris


> -----Original Message-----
> From: asrg-admin@ietf.org [mailto:asrg-admin@ietf.org]On Behalf Of Alan
> DeKok
> Sent: Saturday, 22 May 2004 12:45 AM
> To: asrg@ietf.org
> Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: Spam send/receive ratio
>
>
> "Chris" <asrg@rebel.com.au> wrote:
> > >   The *list* re-sends the message to tens of thousands of recipients.
> > > You don't.  Since each recipient has opted-in to the list, this isn't
> > > a problem.
> >
> > HOW is a receiving MTA going to know this?
>
>   It sees the mail coming from the list, so any concerns about volume
> are associated with the list, and not with the original submitter.
>
>   That was your original point, I believe.  That you would be marked a
> spammer because of the list exploding your traffic to tens of
> thousands of people.  But it's not you, it's the list.
>
> > it just sees the volume discrepency and says 'Spammer'.
>
>   Dumb MTA's may closely monitor the list, due to the volume of
> traffic coming from it.  However, there are ways for the MTA to tell
> that the traffic is NOT spam:
>
>   - users at the MTA's domain send messages to the list
>   - so the MTA communicates with the list's MX's
>   - lists are long-lived, as opposed to spamvertized addresses
>   - little spam comes from lists
>
> > Huh. So if I have a tattoo I am *more likely* to be a criminal then.
>
>   No.  The relationship is the inverse of what you said, which is an
> important distinction: Criminals are more likely to have tattoos than
> the average person.
>
>   The distinction is critical to a proper understanding of the problem.
>
> > most criminals have hair. should that be listed as a
> distinguishing feature?
>
>   Most non-criminals have hair, too.  Therefore it's not a
> distinguishing feature of criminals.
>
>   This shouldn't be rocket science.
>
> > Ever heard of white collar crime... thats the stuff that costs
> billions of
> > dollars and ruins country economies. nary a tattoo in sight.
>
>   You're misunderstanding statistics, correlation, causation,
> overlapping sets, and inverse problems.  You're not alone.  These are
> difficult problems for anyone.
>
>   Criminals are more likely to have tattoos than the average person,
> but not all criminals have tattoos, and not all tattooed people are
> criminals.
>
> > I stick to very blinkered. with no apology.
>
>   Then I'll apologize for pointing out the flaws in your reasoning.
>
> > No doubt volume is an indicator that SHOULD be used. but only at the
> > injection point not at the receiving point. the receiver has no way of
> > knowing that volume may mean spam.
>
>   The receiver doesn't have visibility into the injection point.  The
> receiver sees only what it receives.
>
>   And large volumes of traffic from someone the reciever has never
> communicated with before is a strong indicator that the traffic may be
> spam.  At the minimum, the receiver should treat the traffic with more
> suspicion that low-volume traffic, or traffic from well-known sources.
>
> > But the ISP who suddenly sees an upsurge in mail originating
> from a client
> > could spool that mail and confirm with the client that such
> volumes is in
> > fact intended.
>
>   And the recipient can do the same thing.
>
> > A simple turing test would stop the zombified machine automatically
> > responding a yes to the validation email.
>
>   Please describe such a test that would work in practice.
>
>   Here, "work" means not only be practical as a turing test, but also
> be something that the end user would respond to.
>
>   Alan DeKok.
>
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg


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From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@ox.org>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: Spam send/receive ratio 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Sat, 22 May 2004 16:20:39 +0930."
             <GPEMJLCHICHEGPOKJHHDEEOEHPAA.asrg@rebel.com.au> 
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"Chris" <asrg@rebel.com.au> wrote:
> No what I was saying is that using the statistics of mail volume to try and
> pinpoint a spammer is a bogus test.

  When used alone.  I never said it should be used alone.  In fact, I
said the exact opposite.

> Now your good intentioned MTA say "hey I got mail from xyz, I'll check his
> volumes". and it comes up with "normal volume = 20, last hours volume =
> 5000". "Ooops" the MTA says "Spammer alert" and tosses my email.

  Then it's not "my good intentioned MTA".  It's an MTA you invented
by explicitly ignoring my statements about how MTA's should deal with
high-volume spam.  I hate it when people read my messages, and
conclude that I believe the exact opposite of what I've said.

  Can you please explain why you're arguing that I believe high-volume
to be a near-perfect indicator of spam?  I just can't understand how
you come to that decision.

> Perhaps it also looked for other statistically telltale clues such
> as an embedded URL and/or a perhaps the words '/special.*price/' and
> combined with the sudden high volume it decides 'spam!'.

  If an MTA decides that a message is spam, that's it's perogative.

  In this (badly defined, hypothetical) case, I could agree that the
"spam" determination is probably not the bes thing to do.

> My argument is simple. Mail Volumes can *in no way* be used to indicate
> spam. it is simply flawed logic.

  By the same argument, the word "v**gr*" cannot be used to indicate
spam, because normal people use it in normal messages.

  The reality is different.  Keywords are strongly correlated with
"spamminess" of a message.  But they're not perfectly correlated.
Similarly, suddenly receiving a high volume of mail from a host which
usually sneds low-volume traffic is strongly correlated with spam from
zombied machines, or a new account buy a spammer, etc.  See the ASRG
archives for ISP admins discussion of this exact scenario.

> Again to return to the Tattoo 'statistic'. Imagine a Judge in a murder trial
> telling the jury that statistically more murderers have tattoos.  and as the
> defendant has a tattoo he is more likely to be the murderer.

  The first statement may be correct.  The second does not follow from
the first.  You are arguing from flawed logic.  I tried to explain why
in my previous message, and it looks like I failed to communicate.

  Please read books by Marilyn Vos Savant on logic, or Jon Paulos
Allen.

  I suggest:

http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0679726012/102-9321111-1748922?v=glance
http://www.alibris.com/search/search.cfm?qwork=5268032&matches=21&qsort=r

> The statistic may be absolutely correct,

  There is no statistic in your argument.  There is simply flawed
logic.  Correlation does not imply causation.

  Alan DeKok.

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From: "Chris" <asrg@rebel.com.au>
To: "Alan DeKok" <aland@ox.org>
Cc: <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] Re: Spam send/receive ratio 
Message-ID: <GPEMJLCHICHEGPOKJHHDEEOJHPAA.asrg@rebel.com.au>
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> > No what I was saying is that using the statistics of mail
> volume to try and
> > pinpoint a spammer is a bogus test.
>
>   When used alone.  I never said it should be used alone.  In fact, I
> said the exact opposite.

I never said you did. alone its useless, combined with other "triggers" its
still useless.
All I said is that no matter how it is used "Mail Volume" is unreliable to
the point it should not be considered.

Perhaps you could quieten this critic if you explain how Mail Volume can be
used to *reliably* detect spam.
I have tried my best to explain why it would fail. surely a counter point is
required at this stage.

Anti Spam systems that chuck out the baby with the bathwater should not be
considered as acceptable(IMHO).

As a mail user I would prefer to skim through a few spam mails KNOWING I
haven't lost anything important, than getting no spam and missing out on a
vital business/personal message.

You include another example V*gra

If you were a medical student discussing some of the finer points of V*gra
with a collegue, would you not wish for your mail to go through. or should
the word be censored from this moment forward.


Chris



> -----Original Message-----
> From: asrg-admin@ietf.org [mailto:asrg-admin@ietf.org]On Behalf Of Alan
> DeKok
> Sent: Saturday, 22 May 2004 10:09 PM
> To: asrg@ietf.org
> Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: Spam send/receive ratio
>
>
> "Chris" <asrg@rebel.com.au> wrote:
> > No what I was saying is that using the statistics of mail
> volume to try and
> > pinpoint a spammer is a bogus test.
>
>   When used alone.  I never said it should be used alone.  In fact, I
> said the exact opposite.
>
> > Now your good intentioned MTA say "hey I got mail from xyz,
> I'll check his
> > volumes". and it comes up with "normal volume = 20, last hours volume =
> > 5000". "Ooops" the MTA says "Spammer alert" and tosses my email.
>
>   Then it's not "my good intentioned MTA".  It's an MTA you invented
> by explicitly ignoring my statements about how MTA's should deal with
> high-volume spam.  I hate it when people read my messages, and
> conclude that I believe the exact opposite of what I've said.
>
>   Can you please explain why you're arguing that I believe high-volume
> to be a near-perfect indicator of spam?  I just can't understand how
> you come to that decision.
>
> > Perhaps it also looked for other statistically telltale clues such
> > as an embedded URL and/or a perhaps the words '/special.*price/' and
> > combined with the sudden high volume it decides 'spam!'.
>
>   If an MTA decides that a message is spam, that's it's perogative.
>
>   In this (badly defined, hypothetical) case, I could agree that the
> "spam" determination is probably not the bes thing to do.
>
> > My argument is simple. Mail Volumes can *in no way* be used to indicate
> > spam. it is simply flawed logic.
>
>   By the same argument, the word "v**gr*" cannot be used to indicate
> spam, because normal people use it in normal messages.
>
>   The reality is different.  Keywords are strongly correlated with
> "spamminess" of a message.  But they're not perfectly correlated.
> Similarly, suddenly receiving a high volume of mail from a host which
> usually sneds low-volume traffic is strongly correlated with spam from
> zombied machines, or a new account buy a spammer, etc.  See the ASRG
> archives for ISP admins discussion of this exact scenario.
>
> > Again to return to the Tattoo 'statistic'. Imagine a Judge in a
> murder trial
> > telling the jury that statistically more murderers have
> tattoos.  and as the
> > defendant has a tattoo he is more likely to be the murderer.
>
>   The first statement may be correct.  The second does not follow from
> the first.  You are arguing from flawed logic.  I tried to explain why
> in my previous message, and it looks like I failed to communicate.
>
>   Please read books by Marilyn Vos Savant on logic, or Jon Paulos
> Allen.
>
>   I suggest:
>
> http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0679726012/102-93211
11-1748922?v=glance
http://www.alibris.com/search/search.cfm?qwork=5268032&matches=21&qsort=r

> The statistic may be absolutely correct,

  There is no statistic in your argument.  There is simply flawed
logic.  Correlation does not imply causation.

  Alan DeKok.

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From: "Chris" <asrg@rebel.com.au>
To: <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: [ASRG] 0 - General, Reliability of Transport
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Is there a mention in our Charter about the *reliability of transport*?

From what I have seen over the months there is two camps within this group


1/ Those that believe Spam should be stopped at any cost
2/ Those that believe Spam should be countered but not at the expense of
losing possibly important messages

I am quite solidly in the second group (am I alone).

It seems to me that this is a paramount consideration. and this group should
support one or the other to the exclusion of the other. As I see it as a
major sticking point amongst proponents.

As a mail user I want to see a message that I send reach its destination
without wondering if it ever made it because I somehow triggered a spam
filter.

This should include that any system must have a suitable reporting system
(bounce) so that I am made aware of any errors in transit. This reporting
system must of course not be useable by spammers to probe the filter to
break it. Which I understand is a major risk.

Regards
Chris


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"Chris" <asrg@rebel.com.au> wrote:

>From what I have seen over the months there is two camps within this group
>
> 1/ Those that believe Spam should be stopped at any cost
> 2/ Those that believe Spam should be countered but not at the expense of
> losing possibly important messages
>
> I am quite solidly in the second group (am I alone).

There are a few others with you.

There are a few in group 1.

Most of us are somewhere around 1.5.  The simple reasoning: anything
that blocks no real email isn't going to block most spam.  Therefore,
the user's mailbox will be full of spam.  The user, paging through a
mailbox containing mostly spam, will accidentally delete some fraction
of real messages because they look too spammy.  Therefore, it's better
for the filter to block a (smaller) percentage of real email and a lot
more spam, so that more real email actually ends up in the user's
brain (the true destination).

Given the choice between a message of mine being accidentally deleted
because the Subject header wasn't instantly screaming "I'm not spam"
and a message being rejected by an overly zealous filter, I'd
instantly choose the second because that way I _know_ there was a
problem.

Seth

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> One of the key things I'd want to see in an alternative forum would be
> support for expressing support for notable posts - omething like
> slashcode (what /. runs on).  BB offers just polls.  Support for what I

   But Oh God, not Slashcode please..  It's horribly not-up-to-spec with 
the current HTML/CSS specs from what I've heard, could stand a complete 
XML/client-side-XSLT overhaul, and I *absolutely* hate the commenting 
forum.

   The main problem with the commenting forum is that it is linear, 
unlike the usenet, which is (2-level) hierarachical.  Yes, I know, 
technically the Slashcode forum is hierarchical, but there is NO way to 
"collapse" a topic, and so no-one really uses it that way.  What this 
leads to (on Slashdot) is (among other things) a great amount of 
redundant information/ideas.

Jim Witte
Indiana University CS

   (Aside which has little or nothing to do with ASRG and everything to 
do with Slashdot and Slashcode [feel free to stop reading now.]  If 
others want to continue this discussion, email me privately, or go to 
my Yahoo group formed for purposes of this discussion at 
http://groups.yahoo.com/group/Slashdotreform/ )

   In addition, the moderation system could be better: they keep 
incrementally improving it by adding "friend points", "trusted 
moderator points" and whatnot, but IMO the whole system needs to be 
based on something totally different.  Not that I know what that would 
be, but my mind keeps coming back to the "circle-of-trust" concept 
employed by some cryptographic schemes.  Basically, instead of having a 
small group of limited moderators, basically *everyone* would  moderate 
what they thought was good, what was redundant (this could include 
sub-comment blocks somehow), and then some complicated algorithm would 
assign a weighting to each post you access, based on what posts you've 
liked before, whose moderated those, following this "moderation chain" 
back as far as you want (or as far as computationally feasible)  I 
haven't worked the idea out fully at ALL, but another thing might be to 
allow posts to reference each other (as in a Wiki - I'm using Wiki 
loosely - referring both to "traditional" Wikis that hyperlink 
everything, and to "collaborative editing" projects that I've heard 
about), and then use a "hub/authority" algorithm based on the linking 
for weighting, as I'm told Google does (or did).  That idea would have 
to change in some what for the purpose of comment moderation, as you're 
not going to have traditional "web hubs" that link to many, many 
different topics.  But perhaps if the moderation weighting could be 
used as a "hub score".  I don't know.  Nor do I know if any of these 
ideas are even remotely computationally feasible.

  (yes, they say that at any one time half the people on /. are 
moderators, but they are limited by karma, and you don't get to be 
moderator unless you have karma.  That means that if you just read, and 
rarely post, because you figure that no-one will read your comment, or 
add it's discussion [due to the linear nature of the list], or just 
have little to say, you almost never have karma.

   Of course, (some of) the crowd on /. is a tad bit juvenile also in 
their comments (or they are karma whoring, whatever all that entails).  
That probably wouldn't happen with ASRG.

   I think a better system for /. would be either a Usenet-based system 
where people could start different threads of discussion on different 
aspects/implications of stories, or a Wiki-type authoring system, where 
instead of just repeating what someone else had said, a person could 
*add* something to the discussion, perhaps even in the *middle* of what 
someone else has already said.  Aside from the problem of potentially 
generating very long sentences, could get rather incomprehensible.  
Then possibly add some "editors" who could clean up the discussion in 
terms of sentence-structure and flow, as a traditional copy-editor 
does.

  Apart from the benefit of making the comment forum on /. a more 
"productive" place for generating ideas, overhauling it as I suggest 
(or in some other way, but just something different from how it is now) 
could quite possibly encourage the development of small to medium sized 
groups of people with similar interests who could actually *do* 
something about so many of the things talked about on /. - such as 
writing letters to Congresspeople, arranging meetings with 
Congresspeople, getting together to make well-informed recommendations 
to international bodies [WTO, ICANN, ICC, etc], or the like.  As it is 
now, /. does *very* little to encourage people to actually form groups 
to *do* anything.  (CmdrTaco - are you here?)  There is NO 
private-messaging capability, no "special interest group" formation 
systems, etc.  Slashdot is supposed to focus on issues that don't get 
covered by other media.  It does.  But news is only really useful if 
people *do* something with it, especially the kinds of things /. is 
concerned with (encroachment upon civil liberties, patenting madness, 
stupid governmental ideas, etc).  But while /. does a very good job of 
reporting on these things, it seemingly does NOTHING to facilitate the 
formation of action-groups to try to affect these very issues.

   Now, /. may see itself as nothing more than a journalistic avenue and 
not an avenue for social change, but I beg to differ.  The main 
difference between the web and tradition print journalism is exactly 
the one that Slashdot has (tried) to exploit: that the web is a medium 
through which communities can form, and actions can be coordinated.  
But in it's 7 (?) year history, I have seen very little of this second 
function being seriously undertaken.

Jim


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El dom, 23-05-2004 a las 06:27, Jim Witte escribi=F3:
>    But Oh God, not Slashcode please..  It's horribly not-up-to-spec with=20
> the current HTML/CSS specs from what I've heard, could stand a complete=20
> XML/client-side-XSLT overhaul, and I *absolutely* hate the commenting=20
> forum.

	Not necessarily. There have been attempts to produce XHTML 1.0
compliant code using Slashcode. Right now I can only find this[1], but I
read a longer article about it in Slashdot several months ago.

	Regards.

[1] http://www.slashcode.com/articles/02/09/17/2237203.shtml?tid=3D24
--=20
** Blog Overflow: http://chema.homelinux.org **
No software patents in Europe
http://EuropeSwPatentFree.hispalinux.es - EuropeSwPatentFree

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> > One of the key things I'd want to see in an alternative forum would be
> > support for expressing support for notable posts - omething like
> > slashcode (what /. runs on).  BB offers just polls.  Support for what I

A lot of good technical work's been done through ASCII email lists. What exactly
is broken with email working group lists (as opposed to broken with the subject(s)
of discussion) that will be solved by moving to web-based "forums" ?  (E.g. "Expressions
of support" should be in the form of articulated argument, not click-to-vote. This is
handled today quite well by email.)

cheers,
gja
-- 
Grenville Armitage
http://caia.swin.edu.au
I come from a LAN downunder.

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From: Daniel Feenberg <feenberg@nber.org>
To: Chris <asrg@rebel.com.au>
cc: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [ASRG] 0 - General, Reliability of Transport
In-Reply-To: <GPEMJLCHICHEGPOKJHHDGEOJHPAA.asrg@rebel.com.au>
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On Sun, 23 May 2004, Chris wrote:

> 
> Is there a mention in our Charter about the *reliability of transport*?
> 
> >From what I have seen over the months there is two camps within this group
> 
> 
> 1/ Those that believe Spam should be stopped at any cost
> 2/ Those that believe Spam should be countered but not at the expense of
> losing possibly important messages
> 
> I am quite solidly in the second group (am I alone).
> 

A third group includes:

3/ Those who believe that mail should be delivered or rejected at the SMTP
stage, but not discarded or returned to the envelope from.

A demand that spam detection never make a type II error is hardly
different from a demand that spam be tolerated. The 3rd group ensures that
mail will not be lost, even if some is not delivered. It does rule out (1)
spam detection at the MUA level, (2) spam detection as a low priority
background process on the MTA and (3) the sending of discard notices to
forged envelope from addresses.







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From: "Hallam-Baker, Phillip" <pbaker@verisign.com>
To: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>, ASRG <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] Stepping down from the ASRG
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Thank you for all your efforts in this group. Before you
took the group over it was on the verge of failure, it since
revived and has made a significant contribution to addressing
the spam problem.



> -----Original Message-----
> From: asrg-admin@ietf.org [mailto:asrg-admin@ietf.org]On 
> Behalf Of Yakov
> Shafranovich
> Sent: Friday, May 21, 2004 2:17 AM
> To: ASRG
> Subject: [Asrg] Stepping down from the ASRG
> 
> 
> ASRG Members,
> 
> I am writing to inform you that I am stepping down from my 
> position as a
> co-chair of the ASRG. Unfortunately, my time constraints have 
> increased
> to a point where it is impossible to me to continue ASRG work.
> 
> It has been a very exciting and unique experience for me 
> personally, and
> I want to thank all of you for contributing to it. I hope 
> that my small
> contribution to the IETF and IRTF communities has made an 
> impact on this
> group and the future of the Internet.
> 
> Sincerely,
> Yakov Shafranovich
> Former co-chair, ASRG
> 
> --
> Yakov Shafranovich / asrg <at> shaftek.org
> SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc. / research <at> solidmatrix.com
> "And this too shall come to pass" (Unknown)
> 
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg
> 

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From: "Hallam-Baker, Phillip" <pbaker@verisign.com>
To: William Leibzon <william@completewhois.com>, Chris <asrg@rebel.com.au>
Cc: ASRG <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] 0 General: Forum
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> 
> IETF requires work to be done through email lists as such web 
> forum format would not be acceptable. 

I have been told that the only restriction is that the work be done
using the Internet. 

This is in any case the IRTF and the group could decide to work in
any way the chairs thought useful.

		Phill

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From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@ox.org>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: Spam send/receive ratio 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Sun, 23 May 2004 11:03:10 +0930."
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"Chris" <asrg@rebel.com.au> wrote:
> Perhaps you could quieten this critic if you explain how Mail Volume can be
> used to *reliably* detect spam.

  Did you read my previous messages?

> I have tried my best to explain why it would fail. surely a counter point is
> required at this stage.

  Did you read my previous messages?

> Anti Spam systems that chuck out the baby with the bathwater should not be
> considered as acceptable(IMHO).

  Did you read my previous messages?

  Alan DeKok.

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From: Bill Yurcik <byurcik@ncsa.uiuc.edu>
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I am looking for Internet metrics on spam but with a security focus
such as number of open relays currently detected, current
number/type of malware propagating via spam, port activity
via spammers, or anything else that may be suggested as an indicator of
spam security.  I am especially interested in spam security trends.
I know this may be naive but I am new to the list and thought it wouldn't
hurt to ask as a newbie.

- Bill Yurcik
<byurcik@ncsa.uiuc.edu>
NCSA Security Research


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>>> [...] the statistics of mail volume [...]
> alone its useless, combined with other "triggers" its still useless.

I disagree.  If I were setting up my ideal ISP, one thing it would
include is watching the outgoing email volume from each account.  A
sudden spike would cause throttling and flagging for human attention.
The human could then reopen the throttle, block the account, check with
the owner, whatever.

"Useless"?  Maybe.  I haven't had the luxury of being able to try it.
But I suspect it wouldn't be.

As Alan said, did you actually read the message you're responding to?
It looks more as though you picked out one point, carried it to an
extreme not supported by the message you took it from, and then argued
against that extreme.

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/ \ Email!	     7D C8 61 52 5D E7 2D 39  4E F1 31 3E E8 B3 27 4B

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> From what I have seen over the months there is two camps within this group

> 1/ Those that believe Spam should be stopped at any cost
> 2/ Those that believe Spam should be countered but not at the expense
> of losing possibly important messages

> I am quite solidly in the second group (am I alone).

I doubt there is anyone here in camp 1; they can just turn off their
SMTP servers and go home, their goal achieved.  (There may be some who
_say_ they're in camp 1, but if they haven't just shut off their
mailers, they apparently don't actually mean it.)

As Daniel pointed out, there's a third group, those who believe that
spam should be SMTP-level rejected, never silently dropped, thereby
avoiding losing ham.  I hold myself to belong to this group.

There's a fourth group, too, those who believe spam should be countered
to the point at which the chance of the defenses mistaking a ham for a
spam is less than the chance of a human, deleting spam, making the same
mistake.  I hold myself to belong to this group as well.

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\ / Ribbon Campaign
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/ \ Email!	     7D C8 61 52 5D E7 2D 39  4E F1 31 3E E8 B3 27 4B

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From: "Chris" <asrg@rebel.com.au>
To: "der Mouse" <mouse@Rodents.Montreal.QC.CA>
Cc: <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] Re: Spam send/receive ratio
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Have you read the thread or just picked out something to comment on?

> >>> [...] the statistics of mail volume [...]
> > alone its useless, combined with other "triggers" its still useless.
>
> I disagree.  If I were setting up my ideal ISP, one thing it would
> include is watching the outgoing email volume from each account.  A
> sudden spike would cause throttling and flagging for human attention.
> The human could then reopen the throttle, block the account, check with
> the owner, whatever.

If you had read the thread you would have seen this is exactly what I said
it was at most useable for. and in fact went on to outline how this would be
applied (at Alans request) which included an automated turing test to allow
the sender to confirm whether or not they in fact intended to send that
quantity of mail.

This rather lengthy explanation was only two or three mailings ago.

unfortunately at the receiving end mail volumes is in fact *useless*.

It fails for the reasons I have stated in this thread. Regardles of Alans
protestations to the contrary he has not outlined how it would/could work.
only drawn references to statistics and not outlined how those statistics
would and could be applied.

>
> "Useless"?  Maybe.  I haven't had the luxury of being able to try it.
> But I suspect it wouldn't be.
>

Read the thread you will at least see why I think it is useless. No-one has
yet come up with a counter point or example of how it could work.

>
> As Alan said, did you actually read the message you're responding to?
> It looks more as though you picked out one point, carried it to an
> extreme not supported by the message you took it from, and then argued
> against that extreme.
>

Quite the opposite but I did leave out what had been gone over before. It
seems you only read Alans mail and took his word for it.

I can only respond on what needs to be responded about. WE ALL skip portions
of messages we don't feel are necessary to respond to. If we didnt we would
spend our days responding to longer and longer messages and nothing would be
achieved.

Not that I am saying anything is actually being achieved. Disappointingly it
is not.

Chris



> -----Original Message-----
> From: asrg-admin@ietf.org [mailto:asrg-admin@ietf.org]On Behalf Of der
> Mouse
> Sent: Monday, 24 May 2004 1:59 AM
> To: asrg@ietf.org
> Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: Spam send/receive ratio
>
>
> >>> [...] the statistics of mail volume [...]
> > alone its useless, combined with other "triggers" its still useless.
>
> I disagree.  If I were setting up my ideal ISP, one thing it would
> include is watching the outgoing email volume from each account.  A
> sudden spike would cause throttling and flagging for human attention.
> The human could then reopen the throttle, block the account, check with
> the owner, whatever.
>
> "Useless"?  Maybe.  I haven't had the luxury of being able to try it.
> But I suspect it wouldn't be.
>
> As Alan said, did you actually read the message you're responding to?
> It looks more as though you picked out one point, carried it to an
> extreme not supported by the message you took it from, and then argued
> against that extreme.
>
> /~\ The ASCII				der Mouse
> \ / Ribbon Campaign
>  X  Against HTML	       mouse@rodents.montreal.qc.ca
> / \ Email!	     7D C8 61 52 5D E7 2D 39  4E F1 31 3E E8 B3 27 4B
>
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg


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From: "Chris" <asrg@rebel.com.au>
To: "Alan DeKok" <aland@ox.org>
Cc: <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] Re: Spam send/receive ratio 
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> > Perhaps you could quieten this critic if you explain how Mail
> Volume can be
> > used to *reliably* detect spam.
>
>   Did you read my previous messages?
>


Perhaps there is more to this thread than I have. the earliest copy of the
thread that I have is the one I originally responded to.

If you have an earlier item which outlined how mail volumes could be
adequately used I would appreciate a copy of it.

IN REVIEW...

>   You're misunderstanding statistics, correlation, causation,
> overlapping sets, and inverse problems.  You're not alone.  These are
> difficult problems for anyone.

>  Criminals are more likely to have tattoos than the average person,
> but not all criminals have tattoos, and not all tattooed people are
> criminals.

This is as close to an explanation of how it would work that I have seen
from you. apart from being condescending it does not explain how such
theories/methods could actually be applied.

THIS...

>>  Dumb MTA's may closely monitor the list, due to the volume of
>> traffic coming from it.  However, there are ways for the MTA to tell
>> that the traffic is NOT spam:

>>  - users at the MTA's domain send messages to the list
>>  - so the MTA communicates with the list's MX's
>>  - lists are long-lived, as opposed to spamvertized addresses
>>  - little spam comes from lists

Is your only other explanation. It seems to discuss mailing lists such as
the ASRG. as it was not relevant and I believe a misunderstanding as to what
I meant by the word "list" I pointed out this miscommunication and moved on.

But lets look at it anyway.

>>  Dumb MTA's may closely monitor the list, due to the volume of
>> traffic coming from it.
Who's dumb MTA does this? should every ISP watch every mail list in case a
user joins it? If not why can't a spammer put up false "authoritive list
monitor" for the list they want to spam to.

>>  - users at the MTA's domain send messages to the list
So the MTA MUST TRACK every outgoing message and remember its destination.
for how long?

>>  - so the MTA communicates with the list's MX's
I assume you mean after a message is received. and it compares it to the
sent mail for this reciever to see if they sent to it. How would one ever
join a list. the initial mail would always be dropped because the user
hasn't sent to the list before.
(I joined the ASRG from a web page, Didn't you?)

>>  - lists are long-lived, as opposed to spamvertized addresses
Irrelevant. A new list is not long lived, its new.

>>  - little spam comes from lists
Very true. and easily blocked by the end user.
Hardly worth all the resources you are suggesting throwing at them and where
was the "volume watch" in all of this? remember we are talking about a
"Volume Spike" as the telltale sign most discussion lists (such as the
ASRG's) send out a fairly consistant volume roughly equal to the number of
members.


AND THEN THERE WAS THIS...

One more item I didnt respond to I didn't think it was a reasonable
statement so I didn't. But I will now.

>>  Can you please explain why you're arguing that I believe high-volume
>>  to be a near-perfect indicator of spam?  I just can't understand how
>>  you come to that decision.

Where in any of my mailings did I say this? "near perfect indicator" I never
at any stage said any such thing, or even came close to it.

I only ever said that the use of mail volumes as any sort of indicator is
flawed. Even combined with as many other indicators as you want to throw at
it I don't believe it has any use.
I EVEN GAVE EXAMPLES OF WHEN IT WOULD FAIL eg: the special deal for software
to my clients. It has all the hallmarks of spam using many common indicators
and if you added the volume check (even if that only accounted for 10
percentage points of the test) it may push the filter into the spam range.
as the list is a double opt in list this is quite obviously a false
positive.



Do not attempt to twist my words into some sort of personal attack.



Chris



> -----Original Message-----
> From: asrg-admin@ietf.org [mailto:asrg-admin@ietf.org]On Behalf Of Alan
> DeKok
> Sent: Sunday, 23 May 2004 11:54 PM
> To: asrg@ietf.org
> Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: Spam send/receive ratio
>
>
> "Chris" <asrg@rebel.com.au> wrote:
> > Perhaps you could quieten this critic if you explain how Mail
> Volume can be
> > used to *reliably* detect spam.
>
>   Did you read my previous messages?
>
> > I have tried my best to explain why it would fail. surely a
> counter point is
> > required at this stage.
>
>   Did you read my previous messages?
>
> > Anti Spam systems that chuck out the baby with the bathwater
> should not be
> > considered as acceptable(IMHO).
>
>   Did you read my previous messages?
>
>   Alan DeKok.
>
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg


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Subject: RE: [ASRG] 0 - General, Reliability of Transport
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> >
> > I am quite solidly in the second group (am I alone).
> >
>
> A third group includes:
>
> 3/ Those who believe that mail should be delivered or rejected at the SMTP
> stage, but not discarded or returned to the envelope from.


Initial filtering CAN and should be done at the SMTP level such as
DomainKeys SPF etc. the assumption is forged return addresses = spam. thats
an acceptable assumption (domain validation must also account for
forwarding).

I also believe that virus filtering be added at the SMTP stage. I received
over 200 viruses today alone.
Other filtering can be at the SMTP stage to keep blatant spam off the
network.

> but not discarded or
So who holds the mail if its not discarded and for what purpose?

>  or returned to the envelope from.
Failing to return the mail helps stop spammers from probing the system, it
also prevents legitimate senders from knowing their mail failed to go
through. Spammers will always be able to probe the system by simply setting
up some test accounts so nothing is gained at all.

>
> A demand that spam detection never make a type II error is hardly
> different from a demand that spam be tolerated. The 3rd group ensures that
> mail will not be lost, even if some is not delivered. It does rule out (1)
> spam detection at the MUA level, (2) spam detection as a low priority
> background process on the MTA and (3) the sending of discard notices to
> forged envelope from addresses.

What you are describing is group 1.
(1) To rule out spam detection at the MUA is to say "we know better than
you" to the recipient. so is firmly group 1.

(2) Spam detection has to become priority at all steps MUA and MTA,
currently its mostly at the MUA level some of that burden should be lifted.

(3) With Domain Keys or SPF (etc.) forged return addresses are not an issue.
If my machine has been zombified and is sending out spam I would WANT TO
KNOW so I can fix it. Even if domain validation is only good to the ISP
level if I start receiving spam alerts I can ask my ISP whats going on and
they can use their logs to trace the real culprit. either way the source is
quickly identified.


Both the group 1 and group 2 camps are broad in their implementation. its
the overriding emphasis that concerns me.


I personally see group 1 as a holier than thou approach. (no offense
intended) but it assumes that the filter writer knows better than the end
user as to whats good for them.


Chris


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From: "Chris" <asrg@rebel.com.au>
To: "der Mouse" <mouse@Rodents.Montreal.QC.CA>
Cc: <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [ASRG] 0 - General, Reliability of Transport
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>
> > From what I have seen over the months there is two camps within
> this group
>
> > 1/ Those that believe Spam should be stopped at any cost
> > 2/ Those that believe Spam should be countered but not at the expense
> > of losing possibly important messages
>
> > I am quite solidly in the second group (am I alone).
>
> I doubt there is anyone here in camp 1; they can just turn off their
> SMTP servers and go home, their goal achieved.  (There may be some who
> _say_ they're in camp 1, but if they haven't just shut off their
> mailers, they apparently don't actually mean it.)

I disagree some seem to agree with RTBL's and that is a camp 1 initiative

>
> As Daniel pointed out, there's a third group, those who believe that
> spam should be SMTP-level rejected, never silently dropped, thereby
> avoiding losing ham.  I hold myself to belong to this group.

See my response to Daniel

>
> There's a fourth group, too, those who believe spam should be countered
> to the point at which the chance of the defenses mistaking a ham for a
> spam is less than the chance of a human, deleting spam, making the same
> mistake.  I hold myself to belong to this group as well.

Well lets call this 1a, You are saying drop all spam that reasonably *looks*
like spam because the user may confuse it as spam as well and drop it
anyway.

Shouldn't that grey area spam be passed on to the user for final
determination (i.e. camp 2). how do you know whether or not an end user
reads all his spam to make sure he doesnt miss anything important. I do.

For me all obvious spam gets dropped. but I cannot afford to drop an email
from a customer just because that customer says "hi there" in the subject.
With source validation (DK,SPF etc) I would not need to worry about scanning
as many spams as I currently have to, as this would be done at the SMTP
level.

Chris


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From: "Chris" <asrg@rebel.com.au>
To: "grenville armitage" <garmitage@swin.edu.au>
Cc: <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] Re: 0 General: Forum
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Unfortunately I am saddled with MS outlook and its threading is woefull. I
get two distinct threads for the same subject line
Its not really threading but grouping.

Being able to group discussions logically seems like a good idea to me.

For example discussions on sender identification can be grouped together and
then SPF, DK and others split into sub groups

Filtering technology can be another forum, etc. etc.

Logically the top levels would be the six top discussion levels already
designated.

Also notifications are better dealt with. I for example can be notified
whenever a comment is made about DK but not receive a notification about
SPF, but I can sign on to SPF at will.

Notification are only sent once, not one for every time someone makes a
comment. (less mail traffic)

As far as Polling goes I hadn't even thought about it. but phpBB handles
"articulated polling" quite well if a poll is started it is easy to add
comments for and against. although to my mind polling would be done after
all arguments are placed

Sub commitees can be easily established with multiple levels of permissions.

So say a sub committee is put together to flesh out NSMPT (new smtp), other
list members may be barred frome viewing the discussions altogether, or
perhaps allowed "read only" access.

All these things can be done now (more or less), I just like the fact it is
all in the same place and consistant.

But I think John has the final say, and it appears to me he has decided
against any change. So Be It.

Regards
Chris



> -----Original Message-----
> From: asrg-admin@ietf.org [mailto:asrg-admin@ietf.org]On Behalf Of
> grenville armitage
> Sent: Sunday, 23 May 2004 7:01 PM
> To: asrg@ietf.org
> Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: 0 General: Forum
>
>
>
> > > One of the key things I'd want to see in an alternative forum would be
> > > support for expressing support for notable posts - omething like
> > > slashcode (what /. runs on).  BB offers just polls.  Support
> for what I
>
> A lot of good technical work's been done through ASCII email
> lists. What exactly
> is broken with email working group lists (as opposed to broken
> with the subject(s)
> of discussion) that will be solved by moving to web-based
> "forums" ?  (E.g. "Expressions
> of support" should be in the form of articulated argument, not
> click-to-vote. This is
> handled today quite well by email.)
>
> cheers,
> gja
> --
> Grenville Armitage
> http://caia.swin.edu.au
> I come from a LAN downunder.
>
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg


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[Replying to two different messages here, but both from "Chris"
<asrg@rebel.com.au> and in the same thread.]

[Chris (replying to me)]

>> I doubt there is anyone here in camp 1; they can just turn off their
>> SMTP servers and go home, their goal achieved.  (There may be some
>> who _say_ they're in camp 1, but if they haven't just shut off their
>> mailers, they apparently don't actually mean it.)
> I disagree some seem to agree with RTBL's and that is a camp 1
> initiative

Let's go back and check out just what camp 1 is.

>>> 1/ Those that believe Spam should be stopped at any cost

You appear to be confusing "at any cost" with something more like "at a
cost I think is unreasonable".

[six lines quoted from Chris replying to "Daniel Feenberg"
<feenberg@nber.org>]

> What you are describing is group 1.
> (1) To rule out spam detection at the MUA is to say "we know better
> than you" to the recipient. so is firmly group 1.

> I personally see group 1 as a holier than thou approach.  [...] it
> assumes that the filter writer knows better than the end user as to
> whats good for them.

This is not an issue of which camp someone falls into, but rather an
issue of whether the mail admin chooses to give users control.  _Every_
spam filtering technique has false positives - yes, even DK, SPF, etc;
people make configuration mistakes and software has bugs, even if the
procedures are theoretically perfect (and while I don't believe they
are, I can't cite examples off the top of my head).  Strictly, thus,
camp 2 ("Those that believe Spam should be countered but not at the
expense of losing possibly important messages") must do no filtering at
all, including human JHD filtering, because any such filtering will
eventually lose a "possibly important message".  (Such people will
presumably be taking non-filtering tacks on spam, such as legal
approaches; while such things have value, I'm not sure this is the
place for discussing them.)

"At any cost" means "at any cost", and the simplest, easiest, and most
effective way to stop spam is to stop all email.  There, problem solved
- for people who really do mean "at any cost".

RTBLs are not camp 1.  They are for people who think some costs, like
dropping all email, are too high, but who also finds find the costs of
not risking any ham stoppage to be too high as well, and are trying to
find a point that stops enough spam to keep them happy at a low enough
cost to keep them happy.  That they find that balance point on the side
of rejecting or dropping more mail than you do does not mean that they
want to stop spam "at any cost".  Just at a cost you find unacceptable.

>> As Daniel pointed out, there's a third group, those who believe that
>> spam should be SMTP-level rejected, never silently dropped, thereby
>> avoiding losing ham.  I hold myself to belong to this group.
[see below for why I quoted these three lines in full]

>> There's a fourth group, too, those who believe spam should be
>> countered to the point at which the chance of the defenses mistaking
>> a ham for a spam is less than the chance of a human, deleting spam,
>> making the same mistake.  I hold myself to belong to this group as
>> well.

> Well lets call this 1a, You are saying drop all spam that ...

No.  Go back and reread my "third group" (this is why I quoted it in
full above).  I am arguing for dropping _nothing_.  Reject, or accept
and deliver; do not drop.  (And I believe that's what my filters do.)

In view of my "fourth group"'s description, I can see how you made this
mistake, because I was comparing the chance of ham being _lost_ due to
human error to the chance of ham being misidentified as spam, and thus
dropped, bounced, or whatever, due to software tripping on ham.  Unless
all identified-as-spam is silently dropped, contrary to my position
(per my self-identification with my "third group"), these are not
really as comparable as I made them sound; my apologies for the
confusion.

/~\ The ASCII				der Mouse
\ / Ribbon Campaign
 X  Against HTML	       mouse@rodents.montreal.qc.ca
/ \ Email!	     7D C8 61 52 5D E7 2D 39  4E F1 31 3E E8 B3 27 4B

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Richard Clayton wrote:
> we're grateful (albeit a little embarrassed) for the consideration given
> to one of our figures by Ted Wobber (MS Research) who has pointed out a
> tenfold error in our sum involving an 0.0023% response rate  :-(

Well that's a little better.  For hashcash.  Of course it would still be
desirable to have a factor 1000 margin of safety or similar.

> we'll be revising our text accordingly -- since this will weaken our
> statements about the "economic argument" ... though it does _not_ affect
> our analysis based on use of zombies  

I'm wondering about the zombie argument.  So clearly it is valid,
spammers can and do obtain zombies through viruses etc.  However it is
somewhat demanding of a threat model on any anti-spam system to say that
it should remain secure if the spammers 0wn some significant fraction of
user machines.

For example consider the following anti-spam systems and the effect of
owning the machines:

- signature based / verified sender -- broken, spammer just installs
malware on zombie which abuses the users credential

- white-list based -- broken (more limited perhaps can only reach the
set of users who have white-listed the zombie owners) spammer harvests
white-listed pairs of addresses and optionally sends from the same
zombie harvested from.  (You see this with the virus payload that sends
from random pairs from address book -- where you frequently receive
virus propagation and/or spam mail from people who's email addresses
your recognize.)

likely similar problems apply to most other anti-spam approaches if the
person you are defending against 0wns lots of machines.

Adam



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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: 3. Proof-of-work analysis
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While I agree with you that "owned" machines is a security problem due 
to the fact that it gives ability to fully impersonate that user, its also 
that fact that makes it easy to tell which machine is "owned" and likely 
embarasses user enough to clean it up quickly (rather then current zombie 
emails coming from unknown joe user on dynamic ip).

Spammers actually already started using user settings setup in outlook 
or mozilla on zombie computer to relay authenticated spam emails from 
zombie infected machines though ISP mail server, but that does not seem
to provide good results because number of emails they can send is often 
limited as ISPs would notice if thousands emails started showing up 
and authenticated emails often lead to showing up identify of zombie user 
and that leads to quicker repair or disconnection of the infected pc.

So current use of zombies is primarily based on the notion that you can 
send 10,000 - 100,000 emails from that zombie pc in only few minutes and 
then move on to another computer and primary there is ability to send very 
high number of messages through that computer and avoid that being flagged
by ISP. Additionally the fact is while number of zombies seems too high, 
if you count it as percent of total hosts it would be well less then 
0.001%. As such using ONLY zombie PCs to send emails to whitelists users 
will likely not provide any signifacant reach to spammers. 

On Mon, 24 May 2004, Adam Back wrote:

> I'm wondering about the zombie argument.  So clearly it is valid,
> spammers can and do obtain zombies through viruses etc.  However it is
> somewhat demanding of a threat model on any anti-spam system to say that
> it should remain secure if the spammers 0wn some significant fraction of
> user machines.
> 
> For example consider the following anti-spam systems and the effect of
> owning the machines:
> 
> - signature based / verified sender -- broken, spammer just installs
> malware on zombie which abuses the users credential
> 
> - white-list based -- broken (more limited perhaps can only reach the
> set of users who have white-listed the zombie owners) spammer harvests
> white-listed pairs of addresses and optionally sends from the same
> zombie harvested from.  (You see this with the virus payload that sends
> from random pairs from address book -- where you frequently receive
> virus propagation and/or spam mail from people who's email addresses
> your recognize.)
> 
> likely similar problems apply to most other anti-spam approaches if the
> person you are defending against 0wns lots of machines.
> 
> Adam


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From: Richard Clayton <richard@highwayman.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: 3. Proof-of-work analysis
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In article <40B1BDED.6080203@cypherspace.org>, Adam Back
<adam@cypherspace.org> writes

>Richard Clayton wrote:

>> it does _not_ affect our analysis based on use of zombies  
>
>I'm wondering about the zombie argument.  So clearly it is valid,
>spammers can and do obtain zombies through viruses etc.  

If you include insecure end-users along with the zombies, then you're
looking at a very substantial part of the current problem. I've seen
estimates of 70%

>However it is
>somewhat demanding of a threat model on any anti-spam system to say that
>it should remain secure if the spammers 0wn some significant fraction of
>user machines.

I think it is important that we use a threat model that is a good
approximation to the Real World, not just one that a particular system
is good at countering :)

It seems quite realistic to assume that there are currently several
million machines which are 0wned by the bad guys. I can see nothing on
the horizon that suggests that end-user security is going to undergo a
major step change this decade ... so we must plan to cope with this sort
of level of problem.

Viewing these numbers as a fraction (circa one in two hundred) is not
very illuminating -- the total number is more significant. However, it
does show (because you need to deal with more than 199 in 200 people)
the sort of penetration you need for education or platform change or
whatever solution you think will effectively address the issue.

>For example consider the following anti-spam systems and the effect of
>owning the machines:
>
>- signature based / verified sender -- broken, spammer just installs
>malware on zombie which abuses the users credential

yes indeed -- and if there is money involved (paying per email, paying
for certs which then get revoked when the credential is misused) then
you end up with a million or more very unhappy people...   now you might
imagine them ganging up on their service providers (hardware, software,
connectivity) but that just means that the whole community eventually
bears the cost since it will not be coming from the insecure
individual's pockets :(

>- white-list based -- broken (more limited perhaps can only reach the
>set of users who have white-listed the zombie owners) spammer harvests
>white-listed pairs of addresses and optionally sends from the same
>zombie harvested from.  (You see this with the virus payload that sends
>from random pairs from address book -- where you frequently receive
>virus propagation and/or spam mail from people who's email addresses
>your recognize.)

there seems to be an assumption that <n> spams will come from <n>
different senders and hence there must be <n> whitelist entries...

... why should the spammmers (who provide a service to many clients) not
set up <1> whitelist entry for <1> sender and still send you <n> spams

If they have many millions of sender machines you won't spot the pattern
in people requesting whitelist relationships with you :(

Of course clever designs will address this, but only, I suspect at the
cost of significant human decision-making input :(

>likely similar problems apply to most other anti-spam approaches if the
>person you are defending against 0wns lots of machines.

so perhaps that means that spam won't have a technical solution ?  That
conclusion doesn't faze me, but clearly it upsets many technical people
who provide solutions in other spheres and would like to provide one
here :(

- -- 
richard                                              Richard Clayton

They that can give up essential liberty to obtain a little temporary
safety deserve neither liberty nor safety.         Benjamin Franklin

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From: Richard Clayton <richard@highwayman.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: 3. Proof-of-work analysis
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In article <Pine.LNX.4.44.0405240510200.14027-100000@sokol.elan.net>,
william(at)elan.net <william@elan.net> writes

>While I agree with you that "owned" machines is a security problem due 
>to the fact that it gives ability to fully impersonate that user, its also 
>that fact that makes it easy to tell which machine is "owned" and likely 
>embarasses user enough to clean it up quickly (rather then current zombie 
>emails coming from unknown joe user on dynamic ip).

addressing proof-of-work schemes specifically -- one must note very
carefully that if the main use of zombies becomes the performing of
calculations and not the sending of email, then it will become much
harder than today to tell which machines are 0wned -- because they will
not be creating lots of spurious email traffic

>Spammers actually already started using user settings setup in outlook 
>or mozilla on zombie computer to relay authenticated spam emails from 
>zombie infected machines though ISP mail server, 

yes, there have been reports of this for several years, but there was a
step change in activity last September when one particular spammer
started doing this on an industrial scale....

>but that does not seem
>to provide good results because number of emails they can send is often 
>limited as ISPs would notice if thousands emails started showing up 

... as the figures in the paper show, ISPs already have numerous
customers who are already sending thousands of emails a day [assuming of
course that the email passes through the ISP and does not go direct].

At present, ISPs can detect spamming activity through their smarthosts
fairly effectively (though in fact I suspect few do more than examine
the "top 50" details from their daily mail summaries); see my slides
from a relevant talk:

        http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~rnc1/talks/040203-Extrusion.pdf

The related academic paper is currently in "to appear" state.

>and authenticated emails often lead to showing up identify of zombie user 
>and that leads to quicker repair or disconnection of the infected pc.

yes -- though the authentication issue can be complex to repair if no-
one realises that that is the mechanism. Certainly last September it
took several iterations to get the customer properly locked down because
other things (update all the patches, fix config issues [there are
always out-of-date patches, there are always config issues]) were done
before the actual mechanism was detected

>So current use of zombies is primarily based on the notion that you can 
>send 10,000 - 100,000 emails from that zombie pc in only few minutes and 
>then move on to another computer 

some spammers send considerably less and considerably more slowly. Their
mental model seems to be that this reduces their risk of detection.

Since they don't write academic papers about their tactics, it is hard
to assess or critique their analysis :(

- -- 
richard                                              Richard Clayton

They that can give up essential liberty to obtain a little temporary
safety deserve neither liberty nor safety.         Benjamin Franklin

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From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@ox.org>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: Spam send/receive ratio 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Mon, 24 May 2004 11:25:42 +0930."
             <GPEMJLCHICHEGPOKJHHDIEPCHPAA.asrg@rebel.com.au> 
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"Chris" <asrg@rebel.com.au> wrote:
> >>  Can you please explain why you're arguing that I believe high-volume
> >>  to be a near-perfect indicator of spam?  I just can't understand how
> >>  you come to that decision.
> 
> Where in any of my mailings did I say this? "near perfect indicator" I never
> at any stage said any such thing, or even came close to it.

  Sorry, you did.  You (paraphrased) said "in YOUR mta, it would see a
high volume of messages, and discard them as spam."  Any rational
person would conclude that that statement was meant to describe my
position, and was meant to describe an MTA which used volume as the
sole (i.e. perfect) indicator, for messages being spam.

  Can you explain why when I say "imperfect, but useful as part of a
system", you re-phrase it as "perfect, and usable only by itself"?

  Your prejudice against using mail volume is so high that it is
preventing you from understanding my messages.

> Do not attempt to twist my words into some sort of personal attack.

  Oh, I'm clear it's not personal.  You're careful to not make it
personal.  But it's still annoying when I respond to what you've
written, and your response is to re-define what you've said to mean
something else, and then attack my response as not addressing that new
topic.

  Alan DeKok.

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To: Richard Clayton <richard@highwayman.com>
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: 3. Proof-of-work analysis
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On Mon, 24 May 2004, Richard Clayton wrote:

> >So current use of zombies is primarily based on the notion that you can 
> >send 10,000 - 100,000 emails from that zombie pc in only few minutes and 
> >then move on to another computer 
> 
> some spammers send considerably less and considerably more slowly. Their
> mental model seems to be that this reduces their risk of detection.
> 
> Since they don't write academic papers about their tactics, it is hard
> to assess or critique their analysis :(

Well, we can look at the some released numbers, lets just take latest article
to appear on CNET on this topic (read it yourself its good article and based 
on interviews with John Levine, Brian Martin, etc):
http://news.com.com/Attack+of+Comcast%27s+Internet+zombies/2010-1034_3-5218178.html
"Attack of Comcast's Internet zombies
 May 24, 2004, 4:00 AM PT 
 By Declan McCullagh 

Comcast's high-speed Internet subscribers have long been rumored to be an 
unusually persistent source of junk e-mail. 

Now someone from Comcast is confirming it. 'We're the biggest spammer on 
the Internet,' network engineer Sean Lutner said at a meeting of an 
antispam working group in Washington, D.C., last week. 

Lutner said Comcast users send out about 800 million messages a day, but a 
mere 100 million flow through the company's official servers. Almost all 
of the remaining 700 million represent spam erupting from so-called zombie 
computers--a breathtaking figure that adds up to six or seven spam-o-grams 
for each American family every day. 
...
Brian Martin, a computer security consultant in Denver, experienced 
Comcast zombies firsthand. Last year, a Comcast subscriber apparently 
infected by zombieware disgorged approximately 10,000 e-mail messages an 
hour to Martin's e-mail address
..."


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