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From: "Douglas Campbell" <Doug.Campbell@craniumpro.com>
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Subject: [Asrg] Re: A plea for more hierarchy in DNS
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On 30 OCT 2004, Peter J. Holzer said:

> Last time I looked, MTAmark needed only a couple of TXT records. No
> change of DNS or BIND necessary.
>

Ah, thank you Peter.  The light comes on.

>> To be really honest, I'm small fry.  I don't do my own DNS -- I let my
>> registrar do it.  And the interface they have doesn't seem to allow for
>> TXT records.
>
> You aren't the only one. My ISP doesn't delegate reverse DNS for /29
> networks, so I couldn't implement MTAmark for my home network myself but
> need my ISP to do that. (OTOH, maybe that isn't that bad - let ISPs
> publish MTA=no indications for their whole range and customers who want
> to run their own MTA have to explicitely tell their ISP).

This is why the light took so long.  I read the spec but didn't get the
part about the TXT records for reverse lookups being the only valid ones. 
That means I can't set them myself, but must rely on the controller of my
address range to do it (which might NOT be my ISP).  This does not seem
onerous; I'd expect them to be eager to cut the spam transiting their
network.  I would certainly be willing to pay a fee to allow my mailserver
access to the network.  Some of the ISP's (particularly those in Asia and
Latin America) just don't seem to care what their network emits -- they
take the money and turn a blind eye.  I have whole countries on my
blacklists now.  What a pain.

The problem is that SPAM is business -- the big spammers would find the
maximum fee I'm willing to pay chump change (throw away money).


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Date: Tue, 2 Nov 2004 09:44:33 +0530
From: Krishna <krishna.ismd@gmail.com>
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Subject: [Asrg] fake messages
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hi,

SMTP can act as a relay server. This property can be misused by the
spammers ( one who sends spams) to send fake messages. This is a
serious problem because an ordinary man does not check the inner
details of the mail, he just sees the from address.
It was even possible to send fake messages to the popular mail
accounts (like yahoo,gmail) which are using some kind of spam filters.

I got a free account from a Internet service provider with SMTP and
JSP support. then i wrote a simple program in JavaMail, using which it
was very easy for me to send fake messages, i mean it was possible to
send a message and make it appear as if it came from some else.

Also i found that many ISP's are not using any kind of filters. I
think that using filter would not completely solve this problem. Also
this is the from the start of SMTP protocol. I wonder why this problem
is not yet solved ( if solved i would not have been possible for me to
send fake message).

Please let me know the improvements and research going on to avoid
this so that I can try to solve this problem.Also, please let me know
if these issues are being addressed elsewhere.

thanks
-- 
Krishna
http://geocities.com/krishna_ani

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From asrg-bounces@ietf.org  Tue Nov  2 09:48:52 2004
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] fake messages
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On 2004-11-02 09:44:33 +0530, Krishna wrote:
[open relays and faked senders]
> Also i found that many ISP's are not using any kind of filters. I
> think that using filter would not completely solve this problem. Also
> this is the from the start of SMTP protocol. I wonder why this problem
> is not yet solved ( if solved i would not have been possible for me to
> send fake message).
>=20
> Please let me know the improvements and research going on to avoid
> this so that I can try to solve this problem.Also, please let me know
> if these issues are being addressed elsewhere.

Please see the archives of this list at
http://www1.ietf.org/mail-archive/web/asrg/current/index.html (and also
the archives of the various sub-groups) and the
documentsa on this working groups home page at http://asrg.sp.am/. These
issues have been discussed many times and many partial solutions have
been proposed.

	hp

--=20
   _  | Peter J. Holzer    | Je h=F6her der Norden, desto weniger wird
|_|_) | Sysadmin WSR       | =FCberhaupt gesprochen, also auch kein Dialekt.
| |   | hjp@hjp.at         | Hallig Gr=F6de ist fast g=E4nzlich dialektfrei.
__/   | http://www.hjp.at/ |   -- Hannes Petersen in desd

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From: "Peter J. Holzer" <hjp-asrg@hjp.at>
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On 2004-11-01 07:31:09 -0800, Douglas Campbell wrote:
> This is why the light took so long.  I read the spec but didn't get the
> part about the TXT records for reverse lookups being the only valid ones.=
=20
> That means I can't set them myself, but must rely on the controller of my
> address range to do it (which might NOT be my ISP).  This does not seem
> onerous; I'd expect them to be eager to cut the spam transiting their
> network.=20

I'd expect that, too. Unfortunately our expectations aren't met.

I just tested all the 155k IP addresses which connected during October
to our main MX for MTAmark records.

Results (excluding our own network):

 155173 MTA=3Dunknown
      8 MTA=3Dno
      6 MTA=3Dyes

Well, that's a a bit better than a similar test I did in July, but there
clearly aren't enough MTAmark records yet to bother implementing filters
based on them.

Even worse, while the MTA=3Dyes records seem correct, the MTA=3Dno records
are a bit suspicious:

Host 177.211.151.12.in-addr.arpa not found: 2(SERVFAIL)
10.122.171.136.in-addr.arpa domain name pointer ctsmtpho1.chevrontexaco.com.
19.162.87.192.in-addr.arpa domain name pointer mail.iss.nl.
144.5.87.192.in-addr.arpa domain name pointer relay.surfnet.nl.
16.50.87.192.in-addr.arpa domain name pointer swets-fw1.swets.nl.
Host 13.52.171.194.in-addr.arpa not found: 3(NXDOMAIN)
46.182.41.212.in-addr.arpa domain name pointer d429b62e.adsl.legend.co.uk.
87.225.69.212.in-addr.arpa domain name pointer outbound2.mail.legend.net.uk.

Half of the names seem to have something to do with mail, and one of the
hosts is even called "outbound2". I can't help but think that in these
cases someone created an MTA=3Dno record for the whole network but forgot
to add the MTA=3Dyes records for the mail servers (Happened to me, too: I
posted a record for the main mail server, but forgot the mailing list
server).

I also talked to the postmaster of another Austrian ISP (who happens to
be responsible for 5 of the 6 MTA=3Dyes records) and he said they would
only publish MTA=3Dyes records for their servers, but no MTA=3Dno records f=
or
their dial-up and DSL customers. Which doesn't seem to be very useful to me.

	hp

PS: If someone wants to do similar stats, the script I used is at
http://www.hjp.at/mail/spam/mtamark/mtamark.pl

It expects one IP address per line as input and spits out the MTAmark
record for each IP address. It is quite slow (about 1 second per IP
address on average), so if you want to test lots of addresses you should
split the input into several files and run them in parallel.

--=20
   _  | Peter J. Holzer    | Je h=F6her der Norden, desto weniger wird
|_|_) | Sysadmin WSR       | =FCberhaupt gesprochen, also auch kein Dialekt.
| |   | hjp@hjp.at         | Hallig Gr=F6de ist fast g=E4nzlich dialektfrei.
__/   | http://www.hjp.at/ |   -- Hannes Petersen in desd

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From: Markus Stumpf <maex-lists-spam-ietf-asrg@Space.Net>
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Subject: Re: MTAmark deployment (was: [Asrg] Re: A plea for more hierarchy in
	DNS)
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On Wed, Nov 03, 2004 at 12:19:44AM +0100, Peter J. Holzer wrote:
> Well, that's a a bit better than a similar test I did in July, but there
> clearly aren't enough MTAmark records yet to bother implementing filters
> based on them.

We have added MTAMARK records to some hundred of our ASP mailservers ;-)

> Even worse, while the MTA=yes records seem correct, the MTA=no records
> are a bit suspicious:

The most I have seen were wildcard records. Some of them said
    'no DNS yet'
some gave all kinds of information, some had SPF records ;-)

> I also talked to the postmaster of another Austrian ISP (who happens to
> be responsible for 5 of the 6 MTA=yes records) and he said they would
> only publish MTA=yes records for their servers, but no MTA=no records for
> their dial-up and DSL customers. Which doesn't seem to be very useful to me.

It is useful enough ;-)
We do greylisting and disable greylisting in cases there is a MTA=yes
record. Works very good for connections between our customers or with
e.g. utanet.at servers.

There is native support for MTAMARK in the current sendmail versions.
I hope to have a qmail interface/patch ready by the end of this week.

	\Maex

-- 
SpaceNet AG            | Joseph-Dollinger-Bogen 14 | Fon: +49 (89) 32356-0
Research & Development |       D-80807 Muenchen    | Fax: +49 (89) 32356-299
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 proportional to the amount of vacuity between the ears of the admin"

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From asrg-bounces@ietf.org  Wed Nov 17 16:47:20 2004
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From: "Kurt Magnusson" <kmn_asgr@hotmail.com>
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Subject: [Asrg] SURBL and newer URL's + is ASRG shuting down ?
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In may last year I put up an proposal for a spam method, using the fact that 
spam is a business proposal from the sender, therefore having to provide a 
communication method for the "customer", generally a phone no or a URL. The 
method, that I called Earnest, because I look for real info in the spams, 
got some critisism for that the blacklist over Ph.no's and URL's to find the 
spams, could be tainted.

I have now for 1.5 year been running a PoC, with generally very good 
results, using a simple shellscript with some grep lines. The blacklist, 
built using spams that got through and Spamarchive.org repositories, held up 
fine to the present Rolex/Viagra campaines. Before the Rolex explosion, I 
had an average of 2-3 spams in of ca 35 a day over the 1.5 years. To cope 
with Rolex, I added SURBL DNS list to the PoC, which thankfully decreased 
the post-Rolex hits from 20-30 in of 40-50 spams a day to 6-8 passing in.

SURBL has become a good tool, but it still have a turnaround of a couple of 
hours before a URL domain is in the DNS, for in my tests of SURBL, it later 
correctly has identified the spams that got in. I want to decrease the 
turnaround time, from when I can identify them.

Does anyone know of a spamlist/webpage using multiple independent honeypots, 
comparing spams and identifying them by the multiplicity of mails with the 
same contact info, then presenting data realtime, so one can use it to 
extract domains for blocking? It is OK if it is full mails, just that I can 
generate temp blocklists, until SURBL publish the domains.


Then the list has been rather low-volume the last 1.5 month, at least at the 
IETF web where I read it, is the group dying out, giving up?

Kurt Magnusson

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Kurt Magnusson wrote:

> is the group dying out, giving up?

The IETF closed MARID without prior consultation with the WG,
they offer RfC 3865.  Maybe you forgot to implement RfC 3865.

Accelerating SURBL is discussed on the SURBL list, you find
it on <http://news.gmane.org/group/gmane.mail.spam.rbl.surbl/>

Each "FUSSP" has its own mailing list, that's a feature because
the spammers never find out what anti-spammers try next (except
from shooting in their own feet and deleting mails with random
devices. ;-)  "R*lex" is a new synonym of "Vi*gr*", test "JHD".

Joke off, there was a new ASRG draft less than three days ago:
http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-irtf-asrg-dnsbl-01.txt

                      Bye, Frank



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Reading the above mentioned draft, may I play Devil's Advocate for a minute?

 

First, let me preface that I am new to the group. Forgive any stupid
comments that I may make and credit them to ignorance.

 

My comment regards 2, the DNS entry. Knowing that spammers are thinking of
ways to get around blocks, is the following a possible scenario?

 

If the IP number is: 192.2.2.3, with a domain of "bad.example.com", the DNS
entry would be: 3.2.2.192.bad.example.com. I understand that without a
problem. Suppose, just for grins (or panic), that the spammer adds lower
level domains and has a domain name of: 4.5.6.192.bad.example.com. Keeping
the IP number from the example above, the DNS entry would be:
3.2.2.192.4.5.6.192.bad.example.com. Would this pose a problem? I know that
this may be a wild scenario, but think about some of the e-mail addresses
that are used for Spam now, this may not be that outrageous.

 

Gary Allmond 


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<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Arial'>Reading the above mentioned draft, may I play Devil's
Advocate for a minute?</span></font></p>

<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Arial'>&nbsp;</span></font></p>

<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Arial'>First, let me preface that I am new to the group. Forgive
any stupid comments that I may make and credit them to ignorance.</span></font></p>

<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Arial'>&nbsp;</span></font></p>

<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Arial'>My comment regards 2, the DNS entry. Knowing that spammers
are thinking of ways to get around blocks, is the following a possible
scenario?</span></font></p>

<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Arial'>&nbsp;</span></font></p>

<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Arial'>If the IP number is: 192.2.2.3, with a domain of "bad.example.com",
the DNS entry would be: 3.2.2.192.bad.example.com. I understand that without a
problem. Suppose, just for grins (or panic), that the spammer adds lower level
domains and has a domain name of: 4.5.6.192.bad.example.com. Keeping the IP
number from the example above, the DNS entry would be: 3.2.2.192.4.5.6.192.bad.example.com.
Would this pose a problem? I know that this may be a wild scenario, but think
about some of the e-mail addresses that are used for Spam now, this may not be
that outrageous.</span></font></p>

<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Arial'>&nbsp;</span></font></p>

<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Arial'>Gary Allmond </span></font></p>

</div>

</body>

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From asrg-bounces@ietf.org  Fri Nov 19 15:00:01 2004
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Date: Fri, 19 Nov 2004 14:45:45 -0500
To: asrg@ietf.org
From: Bill Cole <asrg2@billmail.scconsult.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] draft-irtf-asrg-dnsbl-01.txt
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At 1:56 PM -0500 11/19/04, Gary.Allmond@do.treas.gov  imposed 
structure on a stream of electrons, yielding:

>Reading the above mentioned draft, may I play Devil's Advocate for a minute?
>
>First, let me preface that I am new to the group. Forgive any stupid 
>comments that I may make and credit them to ignorance.
>
>My comment regards 2, the DNS entry. Knowing that spammers are 
>thinking of ways to get around blocks, is the following a possible 
>scenario?
>
>If the IP number is: 192.2.2.3, with a domain of "bad.example.com", 
>the DNS entry would be: 3.2.2.192.bad.example.com. I understand that 
>without a problem. Suppose, just for grins (or panic), that the 
>spammer adds lower level domains and has a domain name of: 
>4.5.6.192.bad.example.com. Keeping the IP number from the example 
>above, the DNS entry would be: 3.2.2.192.4.5.6.192.bad.example.com. 
>Would this pose a problem? I know that this may be a wild scenario, 
>but think about some of the e-mail addresses that are used for Spam 
>now, this may not be that outrageous.


I think you've misunderstood the document's description of DNSBL 
entries.  DNSBL's are not (generally) run by spammers, but by people 
providing identification of network space used by spammers and 
sometimes to do other things like identifying address space owned by 
particular netowrk operators or allocated into particular countries. 
DNSBL entries do not exist underneath a spammer's DNS zone, but under 
a zone controlled by the DNSBL operator. Using an existing DNSBL as 
an example, the entries in the Spamhaus XBL look like 
"3.2.2.192.xbl.spamhaus.org."  A DNSBL entry is completely unrelated 
to what the reverse DNS (i.e. PTR record under in-addr.arpa) for an 
IP address is.


-- 
Bill Cole
bill@scconsult.com
Clues for the blacklisted: http://www.scconsult.com/bill/dnsblhelp.html

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--===============1887743243==
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--Apple-Mail-1-285590466
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Hi,

   I just got this spam, which is *massively* malformed HTML.  Is this 
becoming more common, because the spam-bot writers are getting 
stupider, or are intervening MTA's trying to cut the spam out but are 
not doing a good enough job?

Jim

> From: jcaudills@priestbusters.com
> Date: November 20, 2004 12:53:37 PM EST
>
> SMTPSVC(5.0.2195.6713);
> 	 Sun, 21 Nov 2004 03:49:18 -0400
> Message-ID: <Owjn00YW5@tomixeao.com>
> From: "Rosemarie Norton" <meleggyuri@myplaycheck.com>
> To: jamesm@bloomington.in.us
> Subject: Some Things 2 Get Before U Go To Vegas
> Date: Sun, 21 Nov 2004 01:50:18 -0600
> MIME-Version: 1.0
> Content-Type: multipart/alternative;
> 	boundary="--2846486998687197970"
>
> ----2846486998687197970
> Content-Type: text/plain;
> Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
>
> Selling every prescription u can think of! 
> http://www.barbarism8scarfs.inf=
> o/?Q0yG/f=3D0/yjVu/oaNeq
>
>
> assassin exterminate mezzo lucretia sutton macromolecular tab ogle 
> cambric=
>  calligraph=20
>
> ----2846486998687197970--
>
>

Jim

--Apple-Mail-1-285590466
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	charset=US-ASCII
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<color><param>0000,0000,0000</param>Hi,


  I just got this spam, which is *massively* malformed HTML.  Is this
becoming more common, because the spam-bot writers are getting
stupider, or are intervening MTA's trying to cut the spam out but are
not doing a good enough job?


Jim</color><bold><color><param>0000,0000,0000</param>

</color></bold>

<excerpt><bold><color><param>0000,0000,0000</param>From:
</color></bold>jcaudills@priestbusters.com

<bold><color><param>0000,0000,0000</param>Date:
</color></bold>November 20, 2004 12:53:37 PM EST


SMTPSVC(5.0.2195.6713);

	 Sun, 21 Nov 2004 03:49:18 -0400

Message-ID: <<Owjn00YW5@tomixeao.com>

From: "Rosemarie Norton" <<meleggyuri@myplaycheck.com>

To: jamesm@bloomington.in.us

Subject: Some Things 2 Get Before U Go To Vegas

Date: Sun, 21 Nov 2004 01:50:18 -0600

MIME-Version: 1.0

Content-Type: multipart/alternative;

	boundary="--2846486998687197970"


----2846486998687197970

Content-Type: text/plain;

Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable


Selling every prescription u can think of!
http://www.barbarism8scarfs.inf=

o/?Q0yG/f=3D0/yjVu/oaNeq   



assassin exterminate mezzo lucretia sutton macromolecular tab ogle
cambric=

 calligraph=20


----2846486998687197970--



</excerpt>

Jim


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Jim Witte wrote:
 
> I just got this spam, which is *massively* malformed HTML.

There's no HTML at all in it, you got a single text/plain
part within multipart/alternative.  Just like an election
with only one candidate it's boring but not "malformed".

For more details see RfC 2046 chapter 5.1.4.   Bye, Frank



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>
>> I just got this spam, which is *massively* malformed HTML.
>
> There's no HTML at all in it, you got a single text/plain
> part within multipart/alternative.  Just like an election
> with only one candidate it's boring but not "malformed".

It is a malformed mail because the part after the Date header will be
shown as message body and will not be parsed for header contents.

> From: jcaudills@priestbusters.com
> Date: November 20, 2004 12:53:37 PM EST
>
> SMTPSVC(5.0.2195.6713);
>          Sun, 21 Nov 2004 03:49:18 -0400
> Message-ID: <Owjn00YW5@tomixeao.com>

This usually happens with newbie spammers.

- Aseem Jakhar

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Date: Fri, 26 Nov 2004 11:10:00 +0000
From: Fridrik Skulason <frisk@f-prot.com>
To: asrg@ietf.org
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Subject: [Asrg] "worm spam" and SPF
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My own definition of "spam" is pretty broad, not just UCE, but pretty much
any unwanted crap in my mailbox.  In particular that includes worms as
well as worm-generated bounces and other mail directly or indirectly
created as a result of computer worm activity.

As everyone probably knows, there is a pretty large outbreak going on 
right now. According to our mail filters at http://aves.f-prot.com,
10.56% of all filtered E-mail contains W32/Sober.J@mm.  In addition,
there is a significant number of bounces as well.  

According to my definition that is "spam" - and even those who prefer
a more narrow definition should at least agree that this is unsolicited
and unwanted.

I have said before that universal adoption of SPF would kill off the
current generation of worms (and that includes Sober.J) - however,
there are a few points worth noting.

* We (f-prot.com) published a SPF record, with -all.  I am not going
  discuss the possible problems with that policy, but we did evaluate
  the advantages and disadvantages.  Hopefully someone has rejected some
  worms based on that policy - however, we are getting plenty of
  "bounces" from domains that obviously have not implemented SPF
  checking.

* Some of the domains that send us those bounces have published SPF
  records, which indicates they are aware of SPF, but for one reason
  or another they have decided not to implement SPF checking, so
  they continue to cause problems for everyone else with those
  bounces.

* In fact, it is irrelevant how many domains publish SPF records. Even
  if every single domain had a record with "-all", it would not help
  one bit with the bounces.  The reason is of course that what really
  matters is the number of domains that actually check SPF records and
  reject and drop mails that fail.

* Even worse are the domains that do not bounce the message, but 
  analyze it and reply with a message like "MDaemon Warning - virus
  found".  Sending such messages is completely unacceptable behaviour.
  Most "current generation" worms forge the sender's address, and
  a mail filter that replies to the "From:" line with a warning
  of this kind is worse than useless - it is a part of the problem,
  not a part of the solution as it is generating spam (under my own
  broad definition of "spam", as mentioned earlier).

So, the bottom line regarding worm-spam and SPF is:

* Publishing SPF records may reduce the number of worm bounce messages,
  but that depends on the number of other domains checking the records.

* Doing SPF checking will block the vast majority of the worms, but it
  will not help with the bounces or the filter alerts.

* Too many domains have incorrectly configured mail filters that reply
  with an alert to the (forged) sender's address when they find a worm. 
  That behaviour is just not acceptable - if fact, I urge everyone
  receiving a message telling them (incorrectly) that they sent out a
  worm to contact the domain sending out that alert and inform them
  that their mail filters are incorrectly configured.  My own standard
  reply follows....feel free to use that for inspiration

      ---- start of reply ----

      Your automated software just sent me the message below, where 
      you are basically accusing me of sending you a virus.

      I must express my displeasure, and insist that you fix the
      problem.

      The virus in question forges the "From:" field.  The sender can
      be anyone, and even a cursory check of the envelope address
      should reveal that the mail originated elsewhere.

      Incorrectly accusing people of spreading viruses is not only 
      impolite - it could potentially be a legal problem - no, I am 
      not threatening to sue you for defamation, but someone else might.

      My advice is to reconfigure your mail filter not to send alerts
      to the "From:" address.  If you do not, you should probably get
      legal advice on your policy.

      ---- end of reply ----
  
-- 
Fridrik Skulason   Frisk Software International   phone: +354-540-7400

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From asrg-bounces@ietf.org  Fri Nov 26 22:08:13 2004
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Date: Sat, 27 Nov 2004 05:00:15 +0200
From: Gadi Evron <ge@linuxbox.org>
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> As everyone probably knows, there is a pretty large outbreak going on 
> right now. According to our mail filters at http://aves.f-prot.com,
> 10.56% of all filtered E-mail contains W32/Sober.J@mm.  In addition,
> there is a significant number of bounces as well.  

We've reached 1.5 GB an hour of this s**t since Tuesday. Only our AV 
calls it Sober.I@mm.

I agree, bounces are the very evil of the net itself.

Where I'd have to disagree is here:

 > * Doing SPF checking will block the vast majority of the worms, but it
 >   will not help with the bounces or the filter alerts.

It may block the vast majority of current worms, but I doubt it would 
stop the tide for long.
VX-ers will find other ways of abusing infected victims.. they might 
even send out email using the user's own email account and/or email client.

As long as there are huge drone armies out there, and their likes - I 
don't see how spam solutions today would really work as people hope. 
They will help reduce the numbers by a 0 or two though (if widely 
implemented in a reasonable period of time). I may actually get hundreds 
instead of thousands of spam messages a day.

	Gadi.

_______________________________________________
Asrg mailing list
Asrg@ietf.org
https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg


From asrg-bounces@ietf.org  Fri Nov 26 22:33:12 2004
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The worm attack on authentication schemes is a particularly bad one. I =
have recently joined the list, so I apologize if this has been discussed =
previously. But consider the following scenario: A new worm come out =
that uses infected machine's designated servers to send out mail.  Say =
these mail servers have a SPF or DK record and further they enjoy good =
reputations on the various reputation services (since they mostly send =
out good mail). The recipient machines do a SPF/DK check, it passes, =
they lookup the reputation, which checks out too, and deliver the mail =
bypassing all content-based filtration sub-systems. The recipient =
systems get infected.  The smarter users start reporting the worm to =
reputation services, who in turn punish the senders. After a while the =
senders reputation drops so much that they are unable to send out legit =
mail.=20

This is bit of an extreme scenario, but a plausable one. Once it =
happens, spammers will adopt it and change the payload (worm + spam).=20

cheers,
vipul

-----Original Message-----
From: asrg-bounces@ietf.org on behalf of Gadi Evron
Sent: Fri 11/26/2004 7:00 PM
To: Fridrik Skulason
Cc: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] "worm spam" and SPGF
=20
> As everyone probably knows, there is a pretty large outbreak going on=20
> right now. According to our mail filters at http://aves.f-prot.com,
> 10.56% of all filtered E-mail contains W32/Sober.J@mm.  In addition,
> there is a significant number of bounces as well. =20

We've reached 1.5 GB an hour of this s**t since Tuesday. Only our AV=20
calls it Sober.I@mm.

I agree, bounces are the very evil of the net itself.

Where I'd have to disagree is here:

 > * Doing SPF checking will block the vast majority of the worms, but =
it
 >   will not help with the bounces or the filter alerts.

It may block the vast majority of current worms, but I doubt it would=20
stop the tide for long.
VX-ers will find other ways of abusing infected victims.. they might=20
even send out email using the user's own email account and/or email =
client.

As long as there are huge drone armies out there, and their likes - I=20
don't see how spam solutions today would really work as people hope.=20
They will help reduce the numbers by a 0 or two though (if widely=20
implemented in a reasonable period of time). I may actually get hundreds =

instead of thousands of spam messages a day.

	Gadi.

_______________________________________________
Asrg mailing list
Asrg@ietf.org
https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg


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<TITLE>RE: [Asrg] &quot;worm spam&quot; and SPF</TITLE>
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<P><FONT SIZE=3D2>The worm attack on authentication schemes is a =
particularly bad one. I have recently joined the list, so I apologize if =
this has been discussed previously. But consider the following scenario: =
A new worm come out that uses infected machine's designated servers to =
send out mail.&nbsp; Say these mail servers have a SPF or DK record and =
further they enjoy good reputations on the various reputation services =
(since they mostly send out good mail). The recipient machines do a =
SPF/DK check, it passes, they lookup the reputation, which checks out =
too, and deliver the mail bypassing all content-based filtration =
sub-systems. The recipient systems get infected.&nbsp; The smarter users =
start reporting the worm to reputation services, who in turn punish the =
senders. After a while the senders reputation drops so much that they =
are unable to send out legit mail.<BR>
<BR>
This is bit of an extreme scenario, but a plausable one. Once it =
happens, spammers will adopt it and change the payload (worm + =
spam).<BR>
<BR>
cheers,<BR>
vipul<BR>
<BR>
-----Original Message-----<BR>
From: asrg-bounces@ietf.org on behalf of Gadi Evron<BR>
Sent: Fri 11/26/2004 7:00 PM<BR>
To: Fridrik Skulason<BR>
Cc: asrg@ietf.org<BR>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] &quot;worm spam&quot; and SPGF<BR>
<BR>
&gt; As everyone probably knows, there is a pretty large outbreak going =
on<BR>
&gt; right now. According to our mail filters at <A =
HREF=3D"http://aves.f-prot.com">http://aves.f-prot.com</A>,<BR>
&gt; 10.56% of all filtered E-mail contains W32/Sober.J@mm.&nbsp; In =
addition,<BR>
&gt; there is a significant number of bounces as well.&nbsp;<BR>
<BR>
We've reached 1.5 GB an hour of this s**t since Tuesday. Only our AV<BR>
calls it Sober.I@mm.<BR>
<BR>
I agree, bounces are the very evil of the net itself.<BR>
<BR>
Where I'd have to disagree is here:<BR>
<BR>
&nbsp;&gt; * Doing SPF checking will block the vast majority of the =
worms, but it<BR>
&nbsp;&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp; will not help with the bounces or the filter =
alerts.<BR>
<BR>
It may block the vast majority of current worms, but I doubt it =
would<BR>
stop the tide for long.<BR>
VX-ers will find other ways of abusing infected victims.. they might<BR>
even send out email using the user's own email account and/or email =
client.<BR>
<BR>
As long as there are huge drone armies out there, and their likes - =
I<BR>
don't see how spam solutions today would really work as people hope.<BR>
They will help reduce the numbers by a 0 or two though (if widely<BR>
implemented in a reasonable period of time). I may actually get =
hundreds<BR>
instead of thousands of spam messages a day.<BR>
<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Gadi.<BR>
<BR>
_______________________________________________<BR>
Asrg mailing list<BR>
Asrg@ietf.org<BR>
<A =
HREF=3D"https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg">https://www1.ietf.or=
g/mailman/listinfo/asrg</A><BR>
<BR>
</FONT>
</P>

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Date: Fri, 26 Nov 2004 22:48:21 -0500
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From: Bill Cole <asrg2@billmail.scconsult.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] "worm spam" and SPF
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At 5:00 AM +0200 11/27/04, Gadi Evron wrote:
>>As everyone probably knows, there is a pretty large outbreak going 
>>on right now. According to our mail filters at 
>>http://aves.f-prot.com,
>>10.56% of all filtered E-mail contains W32/Sober.J@mm.  In addition,
>>there is a significant number of bounces as well.
>
>We've reached 1.5 GB an hour of this s**t since Tuesday. Only our AV 
>calls it Sober.I@mm.
>
>I agree, bounces are the very evil of the net itself.


No, they are not. They are a critically important part of the 
robustness of email. Broad acceptance of the idea that bounces are 
evil will be the last nail in the coffin of email.

Systems which generate bounces as a result of determining that 
particular messages are untrustworthy are evil. Software which 
determines that mail is spam (or viral, which is logically a subset 
of spam) and then goes on to trust that mail enough to generate a 
bounce message is designed by people who are either evil or stupid 
enough to be indistinguishable from evil.

>Where I'd have to disagree is here:
>
>>  * Doing SPF checking will block the vast majority of the worms, but it
>>    will not help with the bounces or the filter alerts.
>
>It may block the vast majority of current worms, but I doubt it 
>would stop the tide for long.
>VX-ers will find other ways of abusing infected victims.. they might 
>even send out email using the user's own email account and/or email 
>client.

Uh, have you heard of Swen???

Viruses are already using the victim machine's mailer configuration 
to send mail. They have been doing so for a year and more.

The problem is deep design flaws in Microsoft's mailers and operating system.

The problem is Microsoft.

>As long as there are huge drone armies out there, and their likes - 
>I don't see how spam solutions today would really work as people 
>hope. They will help reduce the numbers by a 0 or two though (if 
>widely implemented in a reasonable period of time). I may actually 
>get hundreds instead of thousands of spam messages a day.

I reject about 10,000 port 25 connection attempts ever day from 
various parts of the net that I believe to house no valid 
correspondents and to house an inordinate number of zombies and 
machines owned 'legitimately' by slimeballs like Alan Ralsky, Scott 
Richter, Verisign, DoubleClick, and other untrustworthy, deceptive, 
spamming entities. The domains behind that router house less than a 
dozen distinct mail receivers.

I reject a few thousand spam attempts daily in SMTP based on the IP 
address of the connecting system. Most of that is done by rejecting 
machines which have been seen by others to be spam and worm zombies 
(Spamhaus XBL) or which are in networks I've seen machines trying to 
deliver in zombie-like ways.

95%+ of the mail delivered here is not spam. 99%+ of the attempts to 
send mail here are spam, much via zombie armies. Killing the zombie 
armies would let me move some router blocking back to SMTP and reduce 
some SMTP blocking. Global SPF adoption would kill off today's zombie 
armies, but with Swen out there as an example, that would be a brief 
respite.




-- 
Bill Cole                                  
bill@scconsult.com


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From: Fridrik Skulason <frisk@f-prot.com>
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] "worm spam" and SPF]
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> No, they are not. They are a critically important part of the 
> robustness of email. Broad acceptance of the idea that bounces are 
> evil will be the last nail in the coffin of email.

Bounces are useful if they go to the person who actually sent the mail.
Those "bounces" do not - they go to an innocent bystander.  Whether this
is due to inherent flaws in the SMTP protocol, sloppy management or
incorrect configuration is arguable - but the fact is that those bounces
are making the problem worse and they NEED to be eliminated.

>Uh, have you heard of Swen???

Swen is NOT an example of the behaviour being discussed.  Most worms
harvest e-mail addresses from the infected machine, and typically 
select one of them at random as the sender.  This can of course result
in the worm sending itself out as being from the "actual" owner of the
machine - however, usually this is not the case.  Swen typically
pretended to be from "MS Technical Support" or something like that.

As far as I know, there is not a single worm in the wild that searches
for the "real" owner of the infected machine and *only* uses that.  I
expect that practice to become more common in the future, as one way
of avoiding SPF checking, but currently this is simply not the case.

-- 
Fridrik Skulason   Frisk Software International   phone: +354-540-7400


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From asrg-bounces@ietf.org  Sat Nov 27 12:35:46 2004
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Fridrik Skulason <frisk@f-prot.com> wrote:

> My own definition of "spam"

is a concept that makes spam-fighting worthless and undefinable.
Consider that spammers all define spam as what they don't do.  There
is one agreed definition (in the email area): Unsolicited Bulk Email.

> is pretty broad, not just UCE, but pretty much
> any unwanted crap in my mailbox.

If the bully who picked on you in fifth grade found your email address
and started picking on you in email, that would be unwanted crap, but
it wouldn't be spam.  On the other hand, "Jesus Is Coming Soon (Look
Busy!)" sent to 50 million email addresses isn't commercial, but is
spam.

>  In particular that includes worms as well as worm-generated bounces
> and other mail directly or indirectly created as a result of
> computer worm activity.

Unsolicited, surely.  Bulk, unless it's an individual worm (in which
case it isn't a worm), yes.  Email, yes.  Hence spam; no need for a
private definition.

> I have said before that universal adoption of SPF would kill off the
> current generation of worms (and that includes Sober.J)

1. "universal adoption" is part of being a FUSSP.

2. The next generation would just be more careful about who they
   claimed to be.

> * Some of the domains that send us those bounces have published SPF
>  records, which indicates they are aware of SPF, but for one reason
>  or another they have decided not to implement SPF checking, so
>  they continue to cause problems for everyone else with those
>  bounces.

At this point, strong SPF checking breaks too much stuff (especially
forwarding).

Seth

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From: Gadi Evron <ge@linuxbox.org>
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] "worm spam" and SPF
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Vipul Ved Prakash wrote:
> The worm attack on authentication schemes is a particularly bad one. I have recently joined the list, so I apologize if this has been discussed previously. But consider the following scenario: A new worm come out that uses infected machine's designated servers to send out mail.  Say these mail servers have a SPF or DK record and further they enjoy good reputations on the various reputation services (since they mostly send out good mail). The recipient machines do a SPF/DK check, it passes, they lookup the reputation, which checks out too, and deliver the mail bypassing all content-based filtration sub-systems. The recipient systems get infected.  The smarter users start reporting the worm to reputation services, who in turn punish the senders. After a while the senders reputation drops so much that they are unable to send out legit mail. 
> 
> This is bit of an extreme scenario, but a plausable one. Once it happens, spammers will adopt it and change the payload (worm + spam). 

Actually, it usually goes that way today.

Spammers use many methods to send out their annoying viagra email 
messages. They mostly rely on methods that allow them to send the spam 
out of somebody else's machine.

Drone armies are just the next logical step, and it happened a few years 
ago.

Last year, AV companies pretty much publicly ignored the existence of 
drone armies. A couple of us kept yelling "wolf" and indeed - this year, 
they are all finally jumping on the PR wagon. This time not with a new 
worm they can hype the death out of, but with an actual threat.

They are still rather careful with their estimates.. I just read on CSI 
that SYMC saw 20,000 drones at one time, together.

Fact of the matter is, that we have seen 10K, 20K and a 100K drone 
armies (multiple) many times, and the fact that we are just now becoming 
publicly aware of it is silly.

Spammers first became interested in this method of sending out s**t at 
around 1997. Cheap, expendable and in huge amounts - it was just calling 
to them.

I remember one particular spammer who went on IRC to "help" users get 
"cured" in one of the many help channels over there (Trojan horses made 
their huge comeback on IRC at around 1996-7, not that they ever really 
disappeared). After learning the subject and investing in it, he 
disappeared. If I remember right he owned nekkidchicks.something.

Whether they buy the collection from a kid (and believe me, the kids 
trade these like candy, as a friend of mine likes to comment), or 
collect them on their own - they have them.

Trojan horse and worm development jumped a few notches up in direct link 
with spammers getting interested (there is the issue of organized crime, 
but it's off-topic, kinda).

Nowadays most of these machines are on Cable/DSL lines, and most of them 
are infected with several "viruses" - making them members of several armies.

Spammers now spam for two reasons:
1. Get their word out.
2. Find new users to infect who would get the word out.

An example on Yahoo!:
Yahoo! is one of the most uncaring provider there is when it comes to 
abuse. On Yahoo!, you can find huge amounts of infected machines who 
send you a URL of their own IP, which re-directs you to another URL with 
a Trojan horse, which in turn infects you and you go on Yahoo! doing the 
same.
Spammers never get tired of collecting, and building a 10K drone army on 
Yahoo! would take just a few days.

But we are discussing email, right?

Thing is - even if every client/end user in the world would be able to 
send, say - 1000 legit messages before the ISP blocks it.. 1000 * 50000 
* 365 * S (where 50000 is number of drones and S is number of spammers) 
is still a huge amount of spam per day.

	Gadi.

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"Vipul Ved Prakash" <vipul@cloudmark.com> wrote:

[some MIME cruft elided]

> But consider the following scenario: A new worm come out that uses
> infected machine's designated servers to send out mail.  Say these
> mail servers have a SPF or DK record and further they enjoy good =
> reputations on the various reputation services (since they mostly
> send out good mail). The recipient machines do a SPF/DK check, it
> passes, they lookup the reputation, which checks out too, and
> deliver the mail bypassing all content-based filtration
> sub-systems. The recipient systems get infected.  The smarter
> users start reporting the worm to reputation services, who in turn
> punish the senders. After a while the senders reputation drops so
> much that they are unable to send out legit mail.

Therefore, an ISP (or other sender) that wishes to retain a good
reputation will set its outgoing mailservers to check for the latest
worms fairly soon after they're discovered, and throttle mail from any
particular sender so not too many worms get out before they're learned
about.

Seth

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From asrg-bounces@ietf.org  Sat Nov 27 13:12:21 2004
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Date: Sat, 27 Nov 2004 12:57:32 -0500
To: asrg@ietf.org
From: Bill Cole <asrg2@billmail.scconsult.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] "worm spam" and SPF]
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At 10:14 AM +0000 11/27/04, Fridrik Skulason wrote:
>>  No, they are not. They are a critically important part of the
>>  robustness of email. Broad acceptance of the idea that bounces are
>>  evil will be the last nail in the coffin of email.
>
>Bounces are useful if they go to the person who actually sent the mail.
>Those "bounces" do not - they go to an innocent bystander.  Whether this
>is due to inherent flaws in the SMTP protocol, sloppy management or
>incorrect configuration is arguable - but the fact is that those bounces
>are making the problem worse and they NEED to be eliminated.

On that we agree: bounces should never be the result of some system 
deeming the bounced mail to be in some class that is typically 
malicious or deceptive, i.e. spam of any variety including Microsoft 
OS worm spam.


>>Uh, have you heard of Swen???
>
>Swen is NOT an example of the behaviour being discussed.

Here was the specific context to which I was responding:

     they might even send out email using the user's own email
     account and/or email client.

Swen does that. Really.

>Most worms
>harvest e-mail addresses from the infected machine, and typically
>select one of them at random as the sender.  This can of course result
>in the worm sending itself out as being from the "actual" owner of the
>machine - however, usually this is not the case.  Swen typically
>pretended to be from "MS Technical Support" or something like that.

Only in the headers. The SMTP envelope of a Swen message is 
consistently the address configured into Outlook Express on the 
infected system, and the mail travels through the configured outbound 
mail server. This is reliable enough that Swen will break on systems 
where those configurations don't work.

>As far as I know, there is not a single worm in the wild that searches
>for the "real" owner of the infected machine and *only* uses that.  I
>expect that practice to become more common in the future, as one way
>of avoiding SPF checking, but currently this is simply not the case.

Keep in mind that SPF has nothing to do with headers, and is solely 
for SMTP envelope checking. I still see a trickle of Swen even though 
I shun machines transporting it, and SPF does nothing at all to stop 
it.


For example, here's the latest Swen I have where the envelope sender 
domain had an SPF record:

Return-Path: js.bennett@ntlworld.com
Received: from mta05-winn.mailhost.ntl.com ([212.250.162.8] verified)
   by sc1.scconsult.com (Stalker SMTP Server 1.8b9d14)
   with ESMTP id S.0000707800 for <bill@scconsult.com>; Mon, 15 Nov 
2004 12:19:11 -0500
Received: from aamta04-winn.mailhost.ntl.com ([212.250.162.8])
           by mta05-winn.mailhost.ntl.com with ESMTP
           id 
<20041115171908.TIIG3998.mta05-winn.mailhost.ntl.com@aamta04-winn.mailhost.ntl.com>;
           Mon, 15 Nov 2004 17:19:08 +0000
Received: from itmup ([62.255.124.16]) by aamta04-winn.mailhost.ntl.com
           with SMTP
           id <20041115171835.PROX6712.aamta04-winn.mailhost.ntl.com@itmup>;
           Mon, 15 Nov 2004 17:18:35 +0000
FROM: "Network Message Storage Service" <kmailform@bigfoot.com>
TO: "inet client" <user@mxserver.com>
SUBJECT:
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: multipart/alternative;
	boundary="qielpyeqr"
Message-Id: <20041115171835.PROX6712.aamta04-winn.mailhost.ntl.com@itmup>
Date: Mon, 15 Nov 2004 17:19:08 +0000


The relevant SPF record:
ntlworld.com.           43200   IN      TXT     "v=spf1 
ip4:212.250.162.0/26 ip4:62.253.162.0/24 ?all"



-- 
Bill Cole
bill@scconsult.com


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Subject: RE: [Asrg] "worm spam" and SPF]
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>>Here was the specific context to which I was responding:
>>>>     they might even send out email using the user's own email
>>>>     account and/or email client.
>>Swen does that. Really. 

No, it doesn't. 

Different versions of Swen do different things to get an SMTP server to
use, but they all use a built-in SMTP engine and none of them use SMTP
AUTH account information. 

In some circumstances Swen will put up a fake MAPI32 exception handler
that asks you for your email account server, username and password (see
a copy at http://www.trendmicro.com/vinfo/images/worm_swen_a_img2.gif).
According to Symantec
(http://securityresponse.symantec.com/avcenter/venc/data/w32.swen.a@mm.h
tml) Swen uses the username and password to check the POP3 account for
copies of itself. So Swen might use the default SMTP server (harvested
from the registry), but that's as close as it gets to using the user's
own e-mail account.

How would a worm work if everyone had SMTP AUTH? It would either have to
use a social engineering trick like Swen does with the MAPI32 dialog -
and there's no evidence that there's a big problem with people filling
out that form - or it would have to find the cached account credentials
in the registry and use them. 

Larry Seltzer
eWEEK.com Security Center Editor
http://security.eweek.com/
http://blog.ziffdavis.com/seltzer
larryseltzer@ziffdavis.com 


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From asrg-bounces@ietf.org  Sat Nov 27 14:34:01 2004
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Nod. This moves the content filtration problem to a different=20
place: on the outgoing servers. If the only way to send out spam=20
is through drones, then all spammers will move to using drones.=20
The conclusion that I draw from this is that content filtration=20
techniques used on outbound mail would have to be of the same=20
level of sophistication as inbound filtration today.=20

cheers,
vipul

-----Original Message-----
From: asrg-bounces@ietf.org on behalf of Seth Breidbart
Sent: Fri 11/26/2004 11:15 PM
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] "worm spam" and SPF
=20
"Vipul Ved Prakash" <vipul@cloudmark.com> wrote:

[some MIME cruft elided]

> But consider the following scenario: A new worm come out that uses
> infected machine's designated servers to send out mail.  Say these
> mail servers have a SPF or DK record and further they enjoy good =3D
> reputations on the various reputation services (since they mostly
> send out good mail). The recipient machines do a SPF/DK check, it
> passes, they lookup the reputation, which checks out too, and
> deliver the mail bypassing all content-based filtration
> sub-systems. The recipient systems get infected.  The smarter
> users start reporting the worm to reputation services, who in turn
> punish the senders. After a while the senders reputation drops so
> much that they are unable to send out legit mail.

Therefore, an ISP (or other sender) that wishes to retain a good
reputation will set its outgoing mailservers to check for the latest
worms fairly soon after they're discovered, and throttle mail from any
particular sender so not too many worms get out before they're learned
about.

Seth

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<P><FONT SIZE=3D2>Nod. This moves the content filtration problem to a =
different<BR>
place: on the outgoing servers. If the only way to send out spam<BR>
is through drones, then all spammers will move to using drones.<BR>
The conclusion that I draw from this is that content filtration<BR>
techniques used on outbound mail would have to be of the same<BR>
level of sophistication as inbound filtration today.<BR>
<BR>
cheers,<BR>
vipul<BR>
<BR>
-----Original Message-----<BR>
From: asrg-bounces@ietf.org on behalf of Seth Breidbart<BR>
Sent: Fri 11/26/2004 11:15 PM<BR>
To: asrg@ietf.org<BR>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] &quot;worm spam&quot; and SPF<BR>
<BR>
&quot;Vipul Ved Prakash&quot; &lt;vipul@cloudmark.com&gt; wrote:<BR>
<BR>
[some MIME cruft elided]<BR>
<BR>
&gt; But consider the following scenario: A new worm come out that =
uses<BR>
&gt; infected machine's designated servers to send out mail.&nbsp; Say =
these<BR>
&gt; mail servers have a SPF or DK record and further they enjoy good =
=3D<BR>
&gt; reputations on the various reputation services (since they =
mostly<BR>
&gt; send out good mail). The recipient machines do a SPF/DK check, =
it<BR>
&gt; passes, they lookup the reputation, which checks out too, and<BR>
&gt; deliver the mail bypassing all content-based filtration<BR>
&gt; sub-systems. The recipient systems get infected.&nbsp; The =
smarter<BR>
&gt; users start reporting the worm to reputation services, who in =
turn<BR>
&gt; punish the senders. After a while the senders reputation drops =
so<BR>
&gt; much that they are unable to send out legit mail.<BR>
<BR>
Therefore, an ISP (or other sender) that wishes to retain a good<BR>
reputation will set its outgoing mailservers to check for the latest<BR>
worms fairly soon after they're discovered, and throttle mail from =
any<BR>
particular sender so not too many worms get out before they're =
learned<BR>
about.<BR>
<BR>
Seth<BR>
<BR>
_______________________________________________<BR>
Asrg mailing list<BR>
Asrg@ietf.org<BR>
<A =
HREF=3D"https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg">https://www1.ietf.or=
g/mailman/listinfo/asrg</A><BR>
<BR>
</FONT>
</P>

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From: Gadi Evron <ge@linuxbox.org>
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Seth Breidbart wrote:

> Therefore, an ISP (or other sender) that wishes to retain a good
> reputation will set its outgoing mailservers to check for the latest
> worms fairly soon after they're discovered, and throttle mail from any
> particular sender so not too many worms get out before they're learned
> about.

And you think that's easy?

This is what the ENTIRE AV _industry_ is about...

	Gadi.

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From: Gadi Evron <ge@linuxbox.org>
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Vipul Ved Prakash wrote:
> Nod. This moves the content filtration problem to a different 
> place: on the outgoing servers. If the only way to send out spam 
> is through drones, then all spammers will move to using drones. 
> The conclusion that I draw from this is that content filtration 
> techniques used on outbound mail would have to be of the same 
> level of sophistication as inbound filtration today. 

I don't want to sound like some FUSSP guy, but I still honestly believe 
this can be controlled and pushed to the level we discuss by ISP's 
blocking port 25 on dynamic ranges. All a user has to do is ask for port 
25 to be opened... and besides.. if they are running a server on a 
dynamic range.. Good luck!

Closing port 25 on dynamic ranges would effectively make most mass 
mailers today useless. And thats a fact.

Should port 25 be blocked? AOL and comcast say yes.. many others say no.

	Gadi.

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From asrg-bounces@ietf.org  Sat Nov 27 14:58:03 2004
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Date: Sat, 27 Nov 2004 14:53:12 -0500
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From: Bill Cole <asrg2@billmail.scconsult.com>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] "worm spam" and SPF]
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At 2:14 PM -0500 11/27/04, Larry Seltzer  imposed structure on a 
stream of electrons, yielding:
>>>Here was the specific context to which I was responding:
>>>>>      they might even send out email using the user's own email
>>>>>      account and/or email client.
>>>Swen does that. Really.
>
>No, it doesn't.

I confess to a lot of ignorance regarding Windows, but are you 
actually stating that the perfect matching I see between SMTP 
envelope senders and the machines handing me Swen is the result of 
tens of thousands of lucky guesses?

>Different versions of Swen do different things to get an SMTP server to
>use, but they all use a built-in SMTP engine and none of them use SMTP
>AUTH account information.

I must have missed some previous reference to SMTP AUTH. This is the 
first I recall seeing it mentioned in this conversation.

>In some circumstances Swen will put up a fake MAPI32 exception handler
>that asks you for your email account server, username and password (see
>a copy at http://www.trendmicro.com/vinfo/images/worm_swen_a_img2.gif).
>According to Symantec
>(http://securityresponse.symantec.com/avcenter/venc/data/w32.swen.a@mm.h
>tml) Swen uses the username and password to check the POP3 account for
>copies of itself. So Swen might use the default SMTP server (harvested
>from the registry), but that's as close as it gets to using the user's
>own e-mail account.

I know that to not be so in all cases where I've tracked specific 
Swen copies back to the machines sending them and identified the 
owner of the machines. A small set admittedly (4,) however in every 
case the envelope sender was the real email address of the machine's 
owner. Every one of the thousands of Swen's I've seen is consistent 
with the envelope sender being the real email address of the 
machine's owner.

Frankly, I trust the evidence I've seen myself far more than the 
combined opinions of Symantec and a tech journalist. Sorry.

>How would a worm work if everyone had SMTP AUTH? It would either have to
>use a social engineering trick like Swen does with the MAPI32 dialog -
>and there's no evidence that there's a big problem with people filling
>out that form - or it would have to find the cached account credentials
>in the registry and use them.

Worms wouldn't work at all if everyone used competently designed 
operating systems and mailers or if they used the dominant 
garbageware with half a brain. Technical tweaks are nice mind games, 
but the real world argues for them being largely pointless. People 
open encrypted zip files from people they do not know and run the 
contents. There are a lot of perfect fixes for the spam and malware 
problems given a user population that is predominantly not made up of 
blithering idiots. Such solutions are not realistic.

-- 
Bill Cole
bill@scconsult.com


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On Sat, 27 Nov 2004 14:14:59 -0500, Larry Seltzer
<larry@larryseltzer.com> wrote:
> >>Here was the specific context to which I was responding:
> >>>>     they might even send out email using the user's own email
> >>>>     account and/or email client.
> >>Swen does that. Really.
> 
> No, it doesn't.
>
[snip] 
> tml) Swen uses the username and password to check the POP3 account for
> copies of itself. 
> 

There it goes, POP-before-SMTP (PBS) defeated. Those who are still
sticking to PBS, guess it's about time they switch to SMTP AUTH.

> How would a worm work if everyone had SMTP AUTH? It would either have to
> use a social engineering trick like Swen does with the MAPI32 dialog -
> and there's no evidence that there's a big problem with people filling
> out that form - or it would have to find the cached account credentials
> in the registry and use them.
> 

It could sniff the outgoing traffic to get the SMTP AUTH pass (not
sure how though??) as almost nobody uses TLS/SSL to encrypt SMTP
traffic.

Regards,

Zia

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On 2004-11-27 21:45:10 +0200, Gadi Evron wrote:
> I don't want to sound like some FUSSP guy, but I still honestly believe=
=20
> this can be controlled and pushed to the level we discuss by ISP's=20
> blocking port 25 on dynamic ranges.
[...]
> Should port 25 be blocked? AOL and comcast say yes..

If they say so, why don't they do it? I still see a lot of connections
from comcast DSL addresses (and a few from AOL).

	hp

--=20
   _  | Peter J. Holzer    | Je h=F6her der Norden, desto weniger wird
|_|_) | Sysadmin WSR       | =FCberhaupt gesprochen, also auch kein Dialekt.
| |   | hjp@hjp.at         | Hallig Gr=F6de ist fast g=E4nzlich dialektfrei.
__/   | http://www.hjp.at/ |   -- Hannes Petersen in desd

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From asrg-bounces@ietf.org  Sat Nov 27 18:23:30 2004
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Date: Sat, 27 Nov 2004 18:18:50 -0500 (EST)
From: Daniel Feenberg <feenberg@nber.org>
To: Bill Cole <asrg2@billmail.scconsult.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] "worm spam" and SPF
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On Fri, 26 Nov 2004, Bill Cole wrote:

> At 5:00 AM +0200 11/27/04, Gadi Evron wrote:
> >>As everyone probably knows, there is a pretty large outbreak going 
> >>on right now. According to our mail filters at 
> >>http://aves.f-prot.com,
> >>10.56% of all filtered E-mail contains W32/Sober.J@mm.  In addition,
> >>there is a significant number of bounces as well.
> >
> >We've reached 1.5 GB an hour of this s**t since Tuesday. Only our AV 
> >calls it Sober.I@mm.
> >
> >I agree, bounces are the very evil of the net itself.
> 
> 
> No, they are not. They are a critically important part of the 
> robustness of email. Broad acceptance of the idea that bounces are 
> evil will be the last nail in the coffin of email.
> 

Rejection during SMTP processing is a good substitute for delayed DSN
messages. It is not necessary to drop any messages on the floor, which
would, I agree, be a terrific loss. I am aware that this is easier with
some MTAs than others, but the technical reasons for delaying notification
untill after message acceptance are not sufficiently strong to justify the
practice into the future.

For example, it has been argued that there is a security advantage in not
having the user list available to the "outside" MTA, or that there is a
reliability advantage in have the secondary MX at a remote location
without access to the user list, or that anti-spam or anti-virus
processing is so CPU intensive that it needs to be queued for delayed
execution. All of these are cogent, but none are sufficiently powerfull to
justify sending DSNs to possibly forged From addresses.

It is true that some MTAs make it extremely difficult to reject invalid
users, or spam or virus messages during SMTP processing, but in the
fullness of time they will be fixed or left behind, and MTAs will be
capable of making accept/reject decisions in real time while the
connecting server waits for the final "." in the data step of the SMTP
dialog.

Daniel Feenberg



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> It is true that some MTAs make it extremely difficult to reject invalid
> users, or spam or virus messages during SMTP processing, but in the
> fullness of time they will be fixed or left behind, and MTAs will be
> capable of making accept/reject decisions in real time while the
> connecting server waits for the final "." in the data step of the SMTP
> dialog.

Most GW AV's act as mail relays.. dealing with it is not a problem.. 
there is always a queue (unless some emulation etc. starts getting 
involved).

Unrelated.. why wait for th '.'? Has anyone else noticed how sendmail 
would die after a certain amount of un-closed connections are made? 
We've seen this happening a few times in the past few months.

	Gadi.

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From asrg-bounces@ietf.org  Sat Nov 27 19:14:22 2004
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From: "Bruce Brown" <bruce.brown@openwave.com>
To: <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] "worm spam" and SPF
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After consideration and reconsideration I've come to the conclusion that
delayed rejection to hide the user list is much like security through
obfuscation -- it is too easily defeated. Consequently, I've found it better
to reject messages "on the wire" and keeping them from getting past the
first MTA. Delays, so that you can send a bounce (often to a bogus address)
is at best a waste of resources.

-- Bruce

> -----Original Message-----
> From: asrg-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:asrg-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of
> Daniel Feenberg
> Sent: Saturday, November 27, 2004 3:19 PM
> To: Bill Cole
> Cc: asrg@ietf.org
> Subject: Re: [Asrg] "worm spam" and SPF
> 
> 
> 
> On Fri, 26 Nov 2004, Bill Cole wrote:
> 
> > At 5:00 AM +0200 11/27/04, Gadi Evron wrote:
> > >>As everyone probably knows, there is a pretty large outbreak going
> > >>on right now. According to our mail filters at
> > >>http://aves.f-prot.com,
> > >>10.56% of all filtered E-mail contains W32/Sober.J@mm.  In addition,
> > >>there is a significant number of bounces as well.
> > >
> > >We've reached 1.5 GB an hour of this s**t since Tuesday. Only our AV
> > >calls it Sober.I@mm.
> > >
> > >I agree, bounces are the very evil of the net itself.
> >
> >
> > No, they are not. They are a critically important part of the
> > robustness of email. Broad acceptance of the idea that bounces are
> > evil will be the last nail in the coffin of email.
> >
> 
> Rejection during SMTP processing is a good substitute for delayed DSN
> messages. It is not necessary to drop any messages on the floor, which
> would, I agree, be a terrific loss. I am aware that this is easier with
> some MTAs than others, but the technical reasons for delaying notification
> untill after message acceptance are not sufficiently strong to justify the
> practice into the future.
> 
> For example, it has been argued that there is a security advantage in not
> having the user list available to the "outside" MTA, or that there is a
> reliability advantage in have the secondary MX at a remote location
> without access to the user list, or that anti-spam or anti-virus
> processing is so CPU intensive that it needs to be queued for delayed
> execution. All of these are cogent, but none are sufficiently powerfull to
> justify sending DSNs to possibly forged From addresses.
> 
> It is true that some MTAs make it extremely difficult to reject invalid
> users, or spam or virus messages during SMTP processing, but in the
> fullness of time they will be fixed or left behind, and MTAs will be
> capable of making accept/reject decisions in real time while the
> connecting server waits for the final "." in the data step of the SMTP
> dialog.
> 
> Daniel Feenberg
> 
> 
> 
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg


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Subject: [Asrg] Re: "worm spam" and SPF
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Seth Breidbart wrote:

> 1. "universal adoption" is part of being a FUSSP.

True.  But in the case of SPF it's good eough if most spammers
and worm authors "adopt" it - by simply not forging proteted
addresses.

> 2. The next generation would just be more careful about who
> they claimed to be.

Yes, that's the idea.  Like closing resp. blacklisting open
relays SPF is not the FUSSP, it's the next "necessary" step.

Defining "necessary" by the minimal modification you can get
away with (excl. radical approaches like "delete all bounces"
because that breaks SMTP).

> At this point, strong SPF checking breaks too much stuff
> (especially forwarding).

It's not "especially forwarding", it's only 251-forwarding to
third parties abusing the original MAIL FROM.  That was always
illegal in STD 10, you had to add the route to the MAIL FROM.

RfC 2821 removed the routing from bounces, and that implicitly
obsoleted 251-forwarding.  It's not SPF breaking stuff, quite
the contrary, SPF tries to fix something broken by 2821.  Bye.



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Subject: [Asrg] Re: "worm spam" and SPF]
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Bill Cole wrote:

> Here was the specific context to which I was responding:
>      they might even send out email using the user's own
>      email account and/or email client.
> Swen does that. Really.

Yes, but not necessarily.  Its installation procedure asks
the user to enter his smart host and credentials, and the
"effects" can be very interesting... ;-)

Generally it was possible to determine the relevant abuse@
for SWEN by looking at the Return-Path, but not _always_

> SPF does nothing at all to stop it.

Yes, SWEN is quite unusual.  SPF could help to enforce the
_always_ in this case, but it can't replace a working abuse@
or the "enforced submission rights" in RfC 2476 option 6.1.

Take care if you send SWEN complaints automatically, it's not
always correct to use the Return-Path with local part abuse@.

                      Bye, Frank



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M Z R wrote:
 
> There it goes, POP-before-SMTP (PBS) defeated. Those who are
> still sticking to PBS, guess it's about time they switch to
> SMTP AUTH.

SMTP after POP with enforced submission rights is not really
worse than AUTH PLAIN without TLS or AUTH LOGIN.  For unknown
reasons folks often confuse SMTP AUTH with enforced submission
rights.  An MSA allowing any MAiL FROM for authenticated users
is much worse that SMTP after POP enforcing submission rights.

APOP is arguably "better" than an AUTH PLAIN without TLS - in
theory the latter isn't allowed, but...

> almost nobody uses TLS/SSL to encrypt SMTP traffic.

...exactly.  Bye, Frank



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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: "worm spam" and SPF
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On 2004-11-28 01:32:13 +0100, Frank Ellermann wrote:
> Seth Breidbart wrote:
>=20
> > At this point, strong SPF checking breaks too much stuff
> > (especially forwarding).
>=20
> It's not "especially forwarding", it's only 251-forwarding to
> third parties abusing the original MAIL FROM.=20

You mean section 3.2?

The 251 reply is used to tell the sender the correct address, so that
the sender can send the next mail directly. I have never seen this, and
I would consider it broken under most circumstances (I.e., if I give
somebody an email address A which is forwarded to my other address B, I
do not want to disclose B to that person). The 551 reply may be useful
sometimes.

> That was always illegal in STD 10, you had to add the route to the
> MAIL FROM.

Yes, but that is true for all kinds of relaying (see section 3.6):

| In any case, the SMTP adds its own identifier to the reverse-path.

I don't know if that requirement of RFC 821 was ever widely implemented.
If it was, it was discontinued at least 15 years ago.


> RfC 2821 removed the routing from bounces,

Yes, because nobody was using it anyway.

> and that implicitly obsoleted 251-forwarding.=20

I see no connection between source-routes and forwarding in rfc 821.

> It's not SPF breaking stuff, quite the contrary, SPF tries to fix
> something broken by 2821.  Bye.

A source route in the reverse-path isn't any more reliable than
Received-headers. It solves nothing without additional requirements
(like: "every relay needs to record which mails it forwarded an relay
bounces in the opposite direction"), and therefore SPF cannot fix what
wasn't broken.

	hp

--=20
   _  | Peter J. Holzer    | Je h=F6her der Norden, desto weniger wird
|_|_) | Sysadmin WSR       | =FCberhaupt gesprochen, also auch kein Dialekt.
| |   | hjp@hjp.at         | Hallig Gr=F6de ist fast g=E4nzlich dialektfrei.
__/   | http://www.hjp.at/ |   -- Hannes Petersen in desd

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Date: Sat, 27 Nov 2004 20:34:05 -0500
To: asrg@ietf.org
From: Bill Cole <asrg2@billmail.scconsult.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] "worm spam" and SPF
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At 6:18 PM -0500 11/27/04, Daniel Feenberg wrote:
>On Fri, 26 Nov 2004, Bill Cole wrote:
>
>>  At 5:00 AM +0200 11/27/04, Gadi Evron wrote:
>>  >>As everyone probably knows, there is a pretty large outbreak going
>>  >>on right now. According to our mail filters at
>>  >>http://aves.f-prot.com,
>>  >>10.56% of all filtered E-mail contains W32/Sober.J@mm.  In addition,
>>  >>there is a significant number of bounces as well.
>>  >
>>  >We've reached 1.5 GB an hour of this s**t since Tuesday. Only our AV
>>  >calls it Sober.I@mm.
>>  >
>>  >I agree, bounces are the very evil of the net itself.
>>
>>
>>  No, they are not. They are a critically important part of the
>>  robustness of email. Broad acceptance of the idea that bounces are
>>  evil will be the last nail in the coffin of email.
>>
>
>Rejection during SMTP processing is a good substitute for delayed DSN
>messages. It is not necessary to drop any messages on the floor, which
>would, I agree, be a terrific loss. I am aware that this is easier with
>some MTAs than others, but the technical reasons for delaying notification
>untill after message acceptance are not sufficiently strong to justify the
>practice into the future.

It isn't a matter of specific MTA's, but of the complexity of 
internal mail systems behind an external MX. If an external MX is is 
an entry point for a mail system where you cannot do final delivery 
synchronously with message acceptance, there will be cases where a 
later DSN, silent quarantine, or silent dropping are the only options.

>For example, it has been argued that there is a security advantage in not
>having the user list available to the "outside" MTA, or that there is a
>reliability advantage in have the secondary MX at a remote location
>without access to the user list, or that anti-spam or anti-virus
>processing is so CPU intensive that it needs to be queued for delayed
>execution. All of these are cogent, but none are sufficiently powerfull to
>justify sending DSNs to possibly forged From addresses.

I disagree, but only slightly. There is no excuse for sending DSN's 
to addresses that you can reasonably expect to be forged, i.e. 
because you determine the mail to be viral or spam and therefore 
refuse to deliver it. If you refuse to deliver a message because you 
have determined that the real sender (a spammer or a piece of 
malware) is not to be trusted and that the mail is itself 
untrustworthy, it makes no sense at all to generate a DSN for the 
message.

>It is true that some MTAs make it extremely difficult to reject invalid
>users, or spam or virus messages during SMTP processing, but in the
>fullness of time they will be fixed or left behind, and MTAs will be
>capable of making accept/reject decisions in real time while the
>connecting server waits for the final "." in the data step of the SMTP
>dialog.

This is not an MTA issue at its heart. the core problem is that a lot 
of mail systems, particularly larger ones that are not structured as 
simply as most ISP systems, cannot even in principle do all mail 
delivery synchronously with exterior gateway SMTP acceptance. If 
there is a finite period where the message has been accepted but has 
not been finally delivered to whatever point the user eventually 
picks up their mail from, there will be some cases where the user 
existed and their mailbox was capable of accepting a message when it 
was accepted but where at least one of those will not be true when 
final delivery is tried. Mail systems have been built this way for 
decades because email usually and Internet email in particular have 
been designed for store-and-forward operations, not synchronous 
end-to-end delivery. Redefining that imposes major re-architecture 
requirements on a lot of large (mostly corporate) mail systems.



-- 
Bill Cole
bill@scconsult.com


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Subject: Re: [Asrg] "worm spam" and SPF
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>> As everyone probably knows, there is a pretty large outbreak going on 
> right now. According to our mail filters at http://aves.f-prot.com,
> 10.56% of all filtered E-mail contains W32/Sober.J@mm.  In addition,
> there is a significant number of bounces as well.  

> We've reached 1.5 GB an hour of this s**t since Tuesday. Only our AV 
calls it Sober.I@mm.

> I agree, bounces are the very evil of the net itself.

Bouncing "infected" mail makes NO sense.

Most of the time, the mail is bounced to a counterfeit/bogus "from" address 
where it COMPOUNDS the damage done by the worm, either by mailbombing someone 
who is THEMSELVES a victim, or at least their ISP.  I've also had bounces go 
back to Yahoogroups (a major mailer, to say the least) who then disables MY 
E-mail address because "their" mail to me "hard bounced".  :-((

A-V software, AT A MINIMUM, should NEVER bounced "infected" mail for cases where 
the recognized virus/worm in the mail being bounced is KNOWN to use counterfeit 
From: addresses!

> Where I'd have to disagree is here:

>> * Doing SPF checking will block the vast majority of the worms, but it
 >   will not help with the bounces or the filter alerts.

> It may block the vast majority of current worms, but I doubt it would 
stop the tide for long. VX-ers will find other ways of abusing infected 
victims.. they might even send out email using the user's own email account 
and/or email client.

Absolutely, and that's precisely why SPF (like the other equally braindead 
certification/identification schemes) is a non-solution for this problem.  
Virus/worm authors can (literally overnight) shift to using the real E-mail 
address belonging to the person whose machine they've infected, and just as 
quickly all their worm/spam messages will fly through SPF (and similar) 
domain-certification checks.  :-(  So we would have spent YEARS arguing over and 
maybe finally agreeing on and implementing something that literally overnight is 
rendered useless.  (And you know, the spammers love to get the last laugh like 
that, making everyone else look like the clueless idiots they are).

> As long as there are huge drone armies out there, and their likes - I 
don't see how spam solutions today would really work as people hope. 

There is ONE solution that virtually eliminates the worm/virus problem.  And 
that is the simple, effective, fine-grained permissions list... where the 
default is to (by default) not accept messages that:  (1) are bigger than some 
limited size (say 10K-25K), (2) contain attachments, and/or (3) contain HTML. 
unless the trusted sender of those "enhanced" features has been approved to send 
those riskier/bulkier E-mail formats by the individual recipient.

There could be enhancements to make the grain finer, to discriminate based on 
TYPE of attachments and classes of HTML tags.

For most recipients, their default protections (accept executable attachments 
and HTML tags from NOBODY) would shield the recipient from virtually ALL e-mail 
propagation of worms and viruses.  It would also effectively prevent URL 
spoofing, where the link that shows "confirm.citibank.com" actually links unseen 
to some site like "spoof.youmoron.ro" or the like.

We can sit and argue about SPF and other authentication approaches for days, or 
weeks, or months, or even years, but the FACT of the matter is that until we get 
the virus/worm/zombie problem solved (and SPF does NOT do that), SPF (and ALL of 
its ilk) is damned near worthless.

Gordon Peterson                  http://personal.terabites.com/
1977-2002  Twenty-fifth anniversary year of Local Area Networking!
Support free and fair US elections!  http://stickers.defend-democracy.org
12/19/98: Partisan Republicans scornfully ignore the voters they "represent".
12/09/00: the date the Republican Party took down democracy in America.



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From asrg-bounces@ietf.org  Sun Nov 28 00:38:47 2004
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Subject: RE: [Asrg] "worm spam" and SPF
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> The worm attack on authentication schemes is a particularly bad one. I have 
recently joined the list, so I apologize if this has been discussed previously. 
But consider the following scenario: A new worm come out that uses infected 
machine's designated servers to send out mail. Say these mail servers have a SPF 
or DK record and further they enjoy good reputations on the various reputation 
services (since they mostly send out good mail). The recipient machines
do a SPF/DK check, it passes, they lookup the reputation, which checks out too, 
and deliver the mail bypassing all content-based filtration sub-systems. The 
recipient systems get infected. The smarter users start reporting the worm to 
reputation services, who in turn punish the senders. After a while the senders 
reputation drops so much that they are unable to send out legit mail.

Bingo.

I've been arguing PRECISELY this point for several years, and Wong (et al) still 
forge blindly ahead with SPF and other such equally braindead 
authentication/DNS-based schemes.

> This is bit of an extreme scenario, but a plausable one. Once it happens, 
spammers will adopt it and change the payload (worm + spam). 

Right, and they can do that literally overnight.  SPF and other such schemes 
SIMPLY DO NOT WORK because they DO NOT SOLVE THE PROBLEM.  They only force worms 
to use "real" return addresses and "approved" servers, but that accomplishes 
very, very little.

Meanwhile, the fine-grained permissions-list solutions which WOULD prove 
effective and constitute a MAJOR clampdown on viruses/worms/spam get largely 
ignored.

Go figure.


Gordon Peterson                  http://personal.terabites.com/
1977-2002  Twenty-fifth anniversary year of Local Area Networking!
Support free and fair US elections!  http://stickers.defend-democracy.org
12/19/98: Partisan Republicans scornfully ignore the voters they "represent".
12/09/00: the date the Republican Party took down democracy in America.



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From asrg-bounces@ietf.org  Sun Nov 28 01:15:45 2004
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gep2@terabites.com wrote:

> I've been arguing PRECISELY this point for several years,
> and Wong (et al) still forge blindly ahead with SPF

That would be at most two years if you'd count RMX as the
concept, and SPF as its realization.

> SPF and other such schemes SIMPLY DO NOT WORK because they
> DO NOT SOLVE THE PROBLEM.  They only force worms to use
> "real" return addresses and "approved" servers, but that
> accomplishes very, very little.

That's a contradiction.  First you say SPF doesn't solve "THE
PROBLEM", and then you say that SPF exactly does what it's
supposed to do.  Apparently your definition of "THE PROBLEM"
has nothing to do with SPF.  And your "solution" is to get rid
of MIME multipart resp. text/html, and mails bigger than 12 KB.

Your recipe won't help me against hundreds of bounces and other
crap like challenges caused by forged addresses unfortunately.

                            Bye, Frank



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From asrg-bounces@ietf.org  Sun Nov 28 01:42:47 2004
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] "worm spam" and SPF
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> After consideration and reconsideration I've come to the conclusion
> that delayed rejection to hide the user list is much like security
> through obfuscation -- it is too easily defeated.

I agree - and furthermore, if you defer rejection until after the data,
it is approximately as hard to abuse as accept-and-bounce.  (It does
require a little care with 4xxing RCPTs to preserve protocol
conformance while making it nontrivial to game, but that can be done.)
Yes, rejecting after data burns bandwidth to carry the body - but
accept-and-bounce is even worse.

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Date: Sun, 28 Nov 2004 09:05:07 -0500 (EST)
From: Daniel Feenberg <feenberg@nber.org>
To: Gadi Evron <ge@linuxbox.org>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] "worm spam" and SPF
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It occurs to me that a site that was unwilling to handle policy rejections
during SMTP processing, and hence faced with the choice of returning DSNs
to a possibly forged "From" address or dropping them on the floor, does
have an intermediate choice. They could return the DSN via the connecting
host or the MX for that connecting host. That is, whatever the "From"
address, go back to the connecting host to deposit the DSN into the mail
stream. In many legitimate cases that host will accept mail for that
"From" address, it is very unlikely to accept forged mail unless it is an
open relay.

There is already a mechanism "source routing" as the basis for
implementation. RFCs still require the ability to process source routes
for servers, although it is no longer required for clients. In any case,
the connecting host doesn't actually have to do anything special. It just
sees the "mail rcpt" address and either accepts or rejects the message
depending upon its ability to deliver to that user.

It is interesting to contemplate how this would play out if a few major
players adopted it as a policy. I don't see any feasible response by
spammers - this doesn't really affect them, only legitimate mail. Note
that while a spammer could adopt forged "from" addresses that would be
accepted by his host, it wouldn't help him deliver any spam. 

As I said, I don't consider this superior to rejection during SMTP
processing, but it is an interesting substitute.

Daniel Feenberg




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From asrg-bounces@ietf.org  Sun Nov 28 09:34:08 2004
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From: Bill Cole <asrg2@billmail.scconsult.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] "worm spam" and SPF
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At 9:05 AM -0500 11/28/04, Daniel Feenberg  imposed structure on a 
stream of electrons, yielding:
>It occurs to me that a site that was unwilling to handle policy rejections
>during SMTP processing, and hence faced with the choice of returning DSNs
>to a possibly forged "From" address or dropping them on the floor, does
>have an intermediate choice. They could return the DSN via the connecting
>host or the MX for that connecting host. That is, whatever the "From"
>address, go back to the connecting host to deposit the DSN into the mail
>stream. In many legitimate cases that host will accept mail for that
>"From" address, it is very unlikely to accept forged mail unless it is an
>open relay.

That is so far from anything resembling rational behavior for any 
mail server that I'm hard pressed to respond to it within the decorum 
bounds of this mailing list.

I'll just say that I think this is an idea that I pray never sees 
application in the real world.

>There is already a mechanism "source routing" as the basis for
>implementation. RFCs still require the ability to process source routes
>for servers, although it is no longer required for clients. In any case,
>the connecting host doesn't actually have to do anything special. It just
>sees the "mail rcpt" address and either accepts or rejects the message
>depending upon its ability to deliver to that user.

I think you might find it useful to read RFC2821 again a bit more carefully.

-- 
Bill Cole
bill@scconsult.com


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Bill Cole wrote:
 
> That is so far from anything resembling rational behavior for
> any mail server that I'm hard pressed to respond to it within
> the decorum bounds of this mailing list.

If you don't like STD 10 you could try to inform the RfC-editor
about your reservations.

> I think you might find it useful to read RFC2821 again a bit
> more carefully.

RfC 2821 is the bible of spammers, forgers, and worm authors,
it's a "worst common practice" if there ever was one.  Trying
to fix a minor problem in STD 10 it got the routing examples
completely wrong.
                          Bye, Frank



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Subject: [Asrg] Re: "worm spam" and SPF
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>gep2@terabites.com wrote:

>> I've been arguing PRECISELY this point for several years,
> and Wong (et al) still forge blindly ahead with SPF

> That would be at most two years if you'd count RMX as the
concept, and SPF as its realization.

I could go back and find my archived posts on the issue, but ultimately it 
matters little.  In Internet terms, anyhow, it's been quite a while.

>> SPF and other such schemes SIMPLY DO NOT WORK because they
> DO NOT SOLVE THE PROBLEM.  They only force worms to use
> "real" return addresses and "approved" servers, but that
> accomplishes very, very little.

> That's a contradiction.  First you say SPF doesn't solve "THE
PROBLEM", and then you say that SPF exactly does what it's
supposed to do.  Apparently your definition of "THE PROBLEM"
has nothing to do with SPF.  

Or, alternatively, the problem SPF "solves" is NOT the spam problem, nor is it 
the worm problem.  It doesn't even mean that E-mail comes legitimately from a 
trusted person with an authenticated return address.  It (arguably) ensures that 
the machine that sent the mail can be identified as such;  but as long as 
authenticated machines can be infected and recruited to send "authenticated" 
worm/spam messages, SPF and similar schemes do very little to prevent such 
things... you're still running along after a constantly moving target, trying to 
lock the barn door (and there are MILLIONS of them, and new ones being created 
all the time) after the horse has escaped.  And then you have the issue, too, of 
undoing the DAMAGE that SPF has done, not only to "recommission" the victim's 
E-mail integrity, but also fixing the many legitimate systems that SPF breaks.

> And your "solution" is to get rid of MIME multipart resp. text/html, and mails 
bigger than 12 KB.

No, not at all.  

The point of the permissions list is that small(ish) plain text messages 
(without attachments) are QUITE SUFFICIENT for UNEXPECTED initial contact 
messages from UNFAMILIAR senders.

Once the contact has been made, and the recipient trusts the sender, *if* there 
is going to be an extended correspondence, then the recipient can enable ONLY 
JUST the type of bulkier/riskier content that they agree that the sender wants 
and needs to send, and which the recipient trusts the sender not to abuse.  It's 
really a matter of not just WHO the sender is, to THIS recipient, but what mail 
from them is "expected" to look like.  Mail coming "from" that sender but which 
doesn't look as it normally does (e.g. suddenly it's got Java, or .CPL or .SCR 
attachments, or decryption, or obscured URLs, or ActiveX or whatever) is BY 
DEFINITION suspect BECAUSE it doesn't look like what the recipient expects to 
receive from that sender.  It doesn't fit the pattern.  (Other mail from the 
same sender probably DOES look "right" and thus will continue to sail right 
through, as it should).

> Your recipe won't help me against hundreds of bounces... 

"bounces" containing viruses or worms (for example) WOULD be identified and 
blocked if they didn't fit the default criteria from that (probably unknown) 
sender.

> ..and other crap like challenges caused by forged addresses unfortunately.

It would block what it blocks, and that's set (and changed when necessary) by 
the recipient.  It would virtually eliminate E-mail as a vector for the 
transmission of worms and viruses.  It would make major inroads against phishing 
attacks in E-mail by making it harder to spoof URLs.  With widespread adoption, 
it would reduce the sheer byte volume of unsolicited spam by forcing spammers to 
mail it as plain text of limited size, as HTML-burdened spam is generally 3-5x 
bigger than a plain text equivalent.  It doesn't break vanity domains, doesn't 
break "atypical" send paths (e.g. the cruise ship Internet cafe or the hotel 
business center or the Internet cafe) and doesn't break mailing lists or other 
forwarding.

Better yet, it is implementable on an individual system basis, provides 
IMMEDIATE benefits to those using it, requires no worldwide consensus or 
sweeping changes.  Win-win.

Gordon Peterson                  http://personal.terabites.com/
1977-2002  Twenty-fifth anniversary year of Local Area Networking!
Support free and fair US elections!  http://stickers.defend-democracy.org
12/19/98: Partisan Republicans scornfully ignore the voters they "represent".
12/09/00: the date the Republican Party took down democracy in America.



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From: "Hallam-Baker, Phillip" <pbaker@verisign.com>
To: "'Fridrik Skulason'" <frisk@f-prot.com>, asrg@ietf.org
Subject: RE: [Asrg] "worm spam" and SPF]
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Returning to Fridrik's original points

1) The bounce messages are unwanted and indiscriminate, therefore they are
by my definition spam.

2) If RFC 2821 offends thee, pluck it out.
	At this point the IETF has had a chance to fix SMTP and failed. I
would rather that messages were dumped on the floor than have bounces sent
to clearly false addresses. The chance of a false positive on a pattern
detecting virus scan in particular is very very small. The amount of
iunnecessary concern that is caused by these messages is very large. I think
that the reason that companies keep sending this stuff that thy know is
hitting an innocent bystander is that they think it's a cute advertsing
trick. The fact that it is telling everyone who receives it they are
clueless does not sink into the marketting thickos.

3) You can protect yourself against false bounces
	A better solution would be to deploy BATV or some variant and in
effect give yourself the ability to validate your own bounces by adding a
validation cookie to the 821 FROM address, the bounce address. This will
still leave you with spam from non conformant mail servers.

4) Better would be an out of band form of signalling.
	The bounce problem is the result of using the email channel for both
control and data. It is a poor design which was acceptable in circa 1980
when SMTP emerged as an improvement on the send mail through FTP hack. A
useful extension to SPF would be a signal to say 'if you have bounces please
report them via this Web Service rather than in channel'. The work going on
in INCH could be reused.


		Phill



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On Sun, 28 Nov 2004, Hallam-Baker, Phillip wrote:

> report them via this Web Service rather than in channel'. The work going on
> in INCH could be reused.

What is INCH?

-- 
William Leibzon
Elan Networks
william@elan.net


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From asrg-bounces@ietf.org  Sun Nov 28 18:09:59 2004
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gep2@terabites.com wrote:

> Or, alternatively, the problem SPF "solves" is NOT the spam
> problem, nor is it the worm problem.

Yes, that's true, SPF attacks the problem of forged MAIL FROM
addresses and forged HELO domains.  It's indirectly related to
spam and worms at the moment, like open relays were related to
the spam problem some years ago.

> as long as authenticated machines can be infected and
> recruited to send "authenticated" worm/spam messages, SPF
> and similar schemes do very little to prevent such things

It allows to find the relevant abuse desk fast, not too shabby.
All these weird challenges / out-of-office / vacation mails
won't hit innocent bystanders, if many receivers support SPF.

"Many" is good enough, spammers and worm authors won't waste
their time with something not working at say AOL or behind SA.

> undoing the DAMAGE that SPF has done

There's no "damage", if you don't like it just don't publish a
sender policy.

>> your "solution" is to get rid of MIME multipart resp.
>> text/html, and mails bigger than 12 KB.

> No, not at all.

You said so in <200411280518.AAA23560@ietf.org> :

| default is to (by default) not accept messages that:  
| (1) are are bigger than some limited size (say 10K-25K),
| (2) contain attachments, and/or (3) contain HTML

12,000 bytes is a limit in my own "popstop" script, but it's
within your size limits.

> Once the contact has been made, and the recipient trusts the
> sender, *if* there is going to be an extended correspondence,
> then the recipient can enable ONLY JUST the type of
> bulkier/riskier content that they agree

Okay, in fact I have "special" addresses (not nobody@xyzzy)
where I don't limit the size, and don't look for any TV or UE
starting a base64 attachment (poor man's AV, credits to John)

But the UBE still sits there in my POP3 mailbox waiting for an
over quota or my script.  And many of the bounces and all other
crap caused by forged addresses were relatively small.

> With widespread adoption

That's the problem of all FUSSPs.  As you see I have no problem
to mix different ideas, as far as that's possible for a normal
POP3 user without the root password for the MX of his provider.

                           Bye, Frank



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I hereby nominate downtownweb.com for the clueless dweeb 2004 awards.

C/R systems are in my view obnoxious spam generators at the best of times.
When they spam people posting to mailing lists they become utterly
unacceptable.

-----Original Message-----
From: rogb@downtownweb.com [mailto:rogb@downtownweb.com] 
Sent: Sunday, November 28, 2004 4:55 PM
To: pbaker@verisign.com
Subject: Your email requires verification
verify#DzSXey5Ib5bYxjdNkwIJu3jkHCbIESbz


This is the first time that you've emailed someone at downtownweb.com
recently.

Please reply to this email to verify that you
are a real live person and not a spammer.

Simply reply to this email and leave the subject line intact. By doing so
you will then be added to your friend's whitelist here.

--downtownweb.com's email robot

The headers of the email sent from your address are show below:

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From asrg-bounces@ietf.org  Sun Nov 28 18:31:21 2004
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Subject: RE: [Asrg] "worm spam" and SPF]
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Incident handling.

Its an IETF WG. The original model was that everyone would report their
troubles to CERTs in machine readable form and then the CERTS would respond
a few months later.

> -----Original Message-----
> From: william(at)elan.net [mailto:william@elan.net] 
> Sent: Sunday, November 28, 2004 5:20 PM
> To: Hallam-Baker, Phillip
> Cc: asrg@ietf.org
> Subject: RE: [Asrg] "worm spam" and SPF]
> 
> 
> 
> On Sun, 28 Nov 2004, Hallam-Baker, Phillip wrote:
> 
> > report them via this Web Service rather than in channel'. The work 
> > going on in INCH could be reused.
> 
> What is INCH?
> 
> -- 
> William Leibzon
> Elan Networks
> william@elan.net
> 

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Date: Sun, 28 Nov 2004 21:19:27 -0500 (EST)
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: "worm spam" and SPF
In-Reply-To: <41AA0FA4.27A@hamburg.de>
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>>> [suggestion to send bounces to the host who handed off the mail to
>>> you, or its MX]
>> That is so far from anything resembling rational behavior for any
>> mail server that I'm hard pressed to respond to it within the
>> decorum bounds of this mailing list.
> If you don't like STD 10 you could try to inform the RfC-editor about
> your reservations.

If you think STD 10 or RFC 2821 (which obsoleted 821 over three and a
half years ago) permits such behaviour, I suspect you need to go reread
it.  As far as I can tell you are either sending a bounce somewhere
other than the envelope-from or you are sending mail to a given address
somewhere other than the (possibly implicit) MX for the domain portion
of the address (or your own smarthost).  I've never seen any standard
support for either; if you think you have, I would very much like to
see a specific reference.

In particular, if you have any reason to think that disliking such
behaviour means disliking STD 10, or its superseding document, I want
to see a specific reference.

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Date: Sun, 28 Nov 2004 21:24:14 -0500 (EST)
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: "worm spam" and SPF
In-Reply-To: <41AA584D.132D@xyzzy.claranet.de>
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>> undoing the DAMAGE that SPF has done
> There's no "damage", if you don't like it just don't publish a sender
> policy.

There is damage, even for a total non-adopter, like me.

First, it's drained off a nontrivial amount of effort that could have
gone towards developing something more effective.

Second, because it breaks bounces, and because some people feel that
the appropriate reaction to that is not "don't do that, then" but
rather to break bounces even more contrivedly, I've already had one
message produce a misfire from my automated filtering because its
envelope-from was mangled by SRS (itself a direct consequence of SPF).

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From asrg-bounces@ietf.org  Sun Nov 28 21:50:37 2004
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To: Asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] FW: Your email requires verification
	verify#DzSXey5Ib5bYxjdNkwIJu 3jkHCbIESbz
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> I hereby nominate downtownweb.com for the clueless dweeb 2004 awards.

I second the nomination.

> C/R systems are in my view obnoxious spam generators at the best of
> times.  When they spam people posting to mailing lists they become
> utterly unacceptable.

Total agreement.

Worse, when I wrote to them to point this out, it appeared they have
"protected" their postmaster address with the very same brokenware.

In consequence, they are now in my mailer's "remove no earlier than
hell freezing over" deny list.

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From asrg-bounces@ietf.org  Sun Nov 28 22:01:43 2004
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From: John Levine <asrg@johnlevine.com>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] FW: Your email requires verification -- oh, no it doesn't
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>I hereby nominate downtownweb.com for the clueless dweeb 2004 awards.

It's the responsibility of each subscriber to the ASRG lists to
configure his or her mail to work correctly.  Sending challenges in
response to incoming mail is poor practice under any circumstances,
and is completely broken in response to mail from lists someone has
subscribed to.

If I see any C/R challenges sent to the list, I will remove the
sender.  If anyone on the list gets C/R challenges in response to mail
they sent to the list, just forward the challenge to me and I'll
remove the guilty party.

Regards,
John Levine, johnl@taugh.com, Taughannock Networks, Trumansburg NY
http://www.taugh.com


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On Sun, 28 Nov 2004, der Mouse wrote:

> > I hereby nominate downtownweb.com for the clueless dweeb 2004 awards.
> 
> I second the nomination.

Oh, come on - there are worth examples then that, like take for example
those who set their autoreply messages to go to ietf@ietf.org mail list!

-- 
William Leibzon
Elan Networks
william@elan.net


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> From: asrg-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:asrg-bounces@ietf.org] On 
> Behalf Of william(at)elan.net

> On Sun, 28 Nov 2004, der Mouse wrote:
> 
> > > I hereby nominate downtownweb.com for the clueless dweeb 2004 
> > > awards.
> > 
> > I second the nomination.
> 
> Oh, come on - there are worth examples then that, like take 
> for example those who set their autoreply messages to go to 
> ietf@ietf.org mail list!

Which is why I have always wanted a definition of spam that looks at the
problem from the user's perspective. If the recipient does not want it and
the receiver should have realized that it was not going to be wanted then it
should be eliminated if practical.

One cause of spam is the bad guys but another cause is all the ad hoc
schemes that folk have set up for a variety of purposes that ends up sending
folk mail that is simply unnecessary. For example the folk in this newsgroup
who used to set their mail servers so that every email sent to them from
someone they disagreed with was reported to DCC as spam and then sent a
reject note out to them. [Spam and troll in one move]. The anti-virus
bounces are another example, vacation notices etc.

Its not enough to simply say the fault lies with X for not following the
standard. Companies do what they do for good commercial reasons. Why is the
standard not being followed? What is the institutional failure? What is the
remedy?

	Phill

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From asrg-bounces@ietf.org  Mon Nov 29 00:05:51 2004
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From: Dave Crocker <dhc@dcrocker.net>
To: John Levine <asrg@johnlevine.com>, <asrg@ietf.org>
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On 29 Nov 2004 02:54:14 -0000, John Levine wrote:
>=A0 Sending challenges in
>=A0 response to incoming mail is poor practice under any circumstances,
>=A0 and is completely broken in response to mail from lists someone has
>=A0 subscribed to.

I'm feeling pedantic:

The recipient of mailing list mail has, as you note, subscribed to the li=
st.  Therefore they have already satisfied the conconer that challenge/re=
sponse schemes purport to address:  Is the sender of this message account=
able?  The answer is yes, because the sender is the operator of the maili=
ng list.

If one does not approve of the policies that operator has then discuss it=
 with the operator.  It makes no sense to impose one's dissatisfaction up=
on the other participants of the list, such as those posting to it.


d/
--
Dave Crocker
Brandenburg InternetWorking
+1.408.246.8253
dcrocker =A0a t ...
www.brandenburg.com


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Subject: Re: [Asrg] "worm spam" and SPF
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>>> Absolutely, and that's precisely why SPF (like the other equally braindead 
>> certification/identification schemes) is a non-solution for this problem.  
>> Virus/worm authors can (literally overnight) shift to using the real E-mail 
>> address belonging to the person whose machine they've infected, and just as 
>> quickly all their worm/spam messages will fly through SPF (and similar) 
>> domain-certification checks.  :-(  So we would have spent YEARS arguing over 
and 
>> maybe finally agreeing on and implementing something that literally overnight 
is 
>> rendered useless.  (And you know, the spammers love to get the last laugh 
like 
>> that, making everyone else look like the clueless idiots they are).

>The reason that various forms of malware started using the tactic of 
>using randomly-found addresses inserted into FROM: headers in the 
>first place was to make it much more difficult to track down the 
>infected user/host and/or shutdown/disconnect the infected machine.  

Well, except that it isn't.  All the headers post-insertion presumably point 
back at the (really) infected machine, or at least to the machine that first 
accepted the bogus mail.

But the traceback, ultimately, isn't all that critical.  The important thing is 
simply that the spam not be delivered to anybody, or that if it IS delivered 
it's simply not effective.

>If malware reversed course in that regard, it would instantly become 
>vastly easier for anyone to locate/shutdown infected machines again - 
>even for tech-illiterate people.  So I think that tactic shift on the 
>part of malware authors would be self-limiting.

I agree to the extent that ultimately the spammers are going to be put on the 
defensive, but meanwhile, SPF and the like is NOT the way to solve the 
spam/worm/virus problem.  Other approaches are FAR more effective, better 
controlled, more targeted, less expensive, faster, and with less deleterious 
side-effects that harm legitimate mail and legitimate senders.

Gordon Peterson                  http://personal.terabites.com/
1977-2002  Twenty-fifth anniversary year of Local Area Networking!
Support free and fair US elections!  http://stickers.defend-democracy.org
12/19/98: Partisan Republicans scornfully ignore the voters they "represent".
12/09/00: the date the Republican Party took down democracy in America.



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> autoreply messages to go to ietf@ietf.org mail list!

I think theres a need for a simple standard to describe behaviour in
response to lists, the Precedence header is good where people implement its
use wisely, but I can't find a standad describing the best practice for
applying it or reacting to it.

d.


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On Mon, Nov 29, 2004 at 09:07:10AM +0000,
 Danny Angus <Danny_Angus@slc.co.uk> wrote 
 a message of 24 lines which said:

> > autoreply messages to go to ietf@ietf.org mail list!
> 
> I think theres a need for a simple standard to describe behaviour in
> response to lists, the Precedence header is good where people implement its
> use wisely, but I can't find a standad describing the best practice for
> applying it or reacting to it.

RFC 3834

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 verify#DzSXey5Ib5bYxjdNkwIJu 3jk
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Ah, I didn't know about this. Good stuff.

d.


|---------+---------------------------->
|         |           Stephane         |
|         |           Bortzmeyer       |
|         |           <bortzmeyer@nic.f|
|         |           r>               |
|         |                            |
|         |           29/11/2004 01:05 |
|         |           PM               |
|         |                            |
|---------+---------------------------->
  >-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
  |                                                                                                                               |
  |       To:       Danny Angus <Danny_Angus@slc.co.uk>                                                                           |
  |       cc:       Asrg@ietf.org                                                                                                 |
  |       Subject:  Re: FW: Your email requires verification verify#DzSXey5Ib5bYxjdNkwIJu    3jk                                  |
  >-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|




On Mon, Nov 29, 2004 at 09:07:10AM +0000,
 Danny Angus <Danny_Angus@slc.co.uk> wrote
 a message of 24 lines which said:

> > autoreply messages to go to ietf@ietf.org mail list!
>
> I think theres a need for a simple standard to describe behaviour in
> response to lists, the Precedence header is good where people implement
its
> use wisely, but I can't find a standad describing the best practice for
> applying it or reacting to it.

RFC 3834




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Subject: [Asrg] Re: "worm spam" and SPF
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der Mouse wrote:

 [SPF]
> First, it's drained off a nontrivial amount of effort that
> could have gone towards developing something more effective.

For Gordon's idea, some kind of elaborated white listing based
on the sender if I got it right, you'll need a way to identify
the sender.  SPF could help there (of course it's not the only
or even best solution, but it's near to a "minimal" solution).

And Gordon's idea sounds like Meng's "AGUPI" (assume guilty
until proven innocent).  Okay, that has nothing to do with SPF.

> Second, because it breaks bounces

SPF doesn't break bounces, it's an almost desperate attempt to
save them.  If I'd send a mail to your address, and that is a
"traditional forwarder", and the next hop rejects the forward,
because you're not allowed to forge my MAIL FROM, then I get a
bounce from your forwarder.  Nothing broken in this scenario.

If it's a "responsible forwarder" the next hop won't reject
your forward based on my sender policy.  And if something else
breaks in this case you own the pieces, it's your mail.

> I've already had one message produce a misfire from my
> automated filtering because its envelope-from was mangled by
> SRS (itself a direct consequence of SPF).

Just use another way to forward your mail if SRS confuses your
filters, and if modifying your filters is really no option.

                          Bye, Frank



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der Mouse wrote:

> STD 10 or RFC 2821 (which obsoleted 821 over three and a
> half years ago)

RfC 2821 _wanted_ to obsolete STD 10, describing SMTP as it
is today.  But obviously there's a problem with today's SMTP,
that's why we are here.

> As far as I can tell you are either sending a bounce
> somewhere other than the envelope-from

No, you send it using the Return-Path, as the name says.  For
the first hop MAIL FROM:<me> you return it to me.  If all is 
okay for this hop it becomes a MAIL FROM <@hop1,me>, and then
the Return-Path is <@hop1,me>.  Later <@hop2,@hop1,me> etc.,
essentially the same as bang paths, you can stil see it in all
Usenet news articles as Path: header field.

hop1 was ready to accept any bounces MAIL FROM <> RCPT TO <me>,
hop2 handled any bounces MAIL FROM <> RCPT TO <@hop1,me>, etc.

It's completely useless in all "normal" cases today, because
"your" side knows where its mailout to reach my MX is, and my
MX knows how to find my POP3 mailbox or whatever else.  It's
also useless if we're both UUCP users, or if we use aliases.

But forwarding to a third party was never a "normal" case, it
has its own 251 and 551 result codes.  In a world where MX do
what the name says it's a waste of bandwidth if hop1 has to
to send stuff to a completely unrelated hop2.  It was a quick
and dirty hack to abuse the original MAIL FROM <me> instead of
<@hop1,me> in this case, and it fired back with tera bytes of
forgeries.  SPF puts an end to this abuse.  RfC 2821 RIP.

> I want to see a specific reference.

See the STD 10 quotes in:

<http://article.gmane.org/gmane.ietf.mxcomp/5455>
<http://article.gmane.org/gmane.ietf.mxcomp:5454>
<http://article.gmane.org/gmane.ietf.mxcomp/5453>

5454 was John's answer ("quixotic quest"), where he explains
why simply returning to STD 10 isn't good enough.  That's of
course true, and SPF doesn't try this stunt.  Arguably SRS
goes in this direction.
                        Bye, Frank



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>> Or, alternatively, the problem SPF "solves" is NOT the spam
> problem, nor is it the worm problem.

> Yes, that's true, SPF attacks the problem of forged MAIL FROM
addresses and forged HELO domains.  

Right, but if that's the ONLY thing it does then it shouldn't be talked about as 
a cure for spam, since spam DOES NOT HAVE TO USE forged From addresses or forged 
HELO domains.

> ...It's indirectly related to spam and worms at the moment, like open relays 
were related to the spam problem some years ago.

"Indirectly related" is fine, as long as we recognize it ONLY as such.  (And as 
such, I think it gets WAY more discussion and attention than it deserves.)

>> as long as authenticated machines can be infected and
> recruited to send "authenticated" worm/spam messages, SPF
> and similar schemes do very little to prevent such things

> It allows to find the relevant abuse desk fast, not too shabby.

There are already IP-based ways to do that (at least to the upstream node(s)) 
based on the Received: headers, along with Traceroutes.  The From: address is 
NOT needed.

Especially for "vanity" domains, there's no point in complaining to 
abuse@getgreatinternetdealz.com anyhow.  The spammer knows what they're doing.  
The place to apply pressure is the upstream node(s).

> All these weird challenges / out-of-office / vacation mails
won't hit innocent bystanders, if many receivers support SPF.

I don't see SPF as the solution for almost ANY questions.

> "Many" is good enough, spammers and worm authors won't waste
their time with something not working at say AOL or behind SA.

The idea of creating a confusing patchwork lattice mesh that the spam would have 
to work its way through is fine.  But SPF is not at all difficult to defeat... 
you just send the mail using the infected victim's authorizations.

>> undoing the DAMAGE that SPF has done

> There's no "damage", if you don't like it just don't publish a
sender policy.

Again, you're ignoring things like discussion group/mailing lists, message 
digests, and so forth.  Anybody who makes the mistake of supporting SPF later 
finds that they can't send mail using their business E-mail address when they 
are (say) on a cruise ship vacation or at an Internet cafe in some other 
country.  

>>> your "solution" is to get rid of MIME multipart resp.
>> text/html, and mails bigger than 12 KB.

>> No, not at all.

> You said so in <200411280518.AAA23560@ietf.org> :

Please don't misread or misrepresent what I said.

>| default is to (by default) not accept messages that:  
| (1) are are bigger than some limited size (say 10K-25K),
| (2) contain attachments, and/or (3) contain HTML

> 12,000 bytes is a limit in my own "popstop" script, but it's
within your size limits.

Fine, it matters relatively little what value you set the limit to.  The point 
is that there's little reason to accept "large" messages from people you've 
never gotten mail from before.  Once they've established contact, you can (if 
you wish) allow them to send you bulkier stuff.

>> Once the contact has been made, and the recipient trusts the
> sender, *if* there is going to be an extended correspondence,
> then the recipient can enable ONLY JUST the type of
> bulkier/riskier content that they agree

> Okay, in fact I have "special" addresses (not nobody@xyzzy)
where I don't limit the size, and don't look for any TV or UE
starting a base64 attachment (poor man's AV, credits to John)

Sure, but of course an HTML tag that invokes an ActiveX could be just as bad.

> But the UBE still sits there in my POP3 mailbox waiting for an
over quota or my script.  

In my case, I pull and process all incoming mail from my POP3 mailboxes every 60 
seconds or so.  Agreed that network bandwidth would be optimized by doing the 
blocking higher upstream, but as an ordinary user that's tilting at windmills.  
Better to just fix the problem for me, and let others come along when they're 
ready (if ever).  (I re-stage the processed mail in a local POP3 server on one 
of my server machines here, where mailbox space is only limited by the available 
space on that hard drive).

> And many of the bounces and all other crap caused by forged addresses were 
relatively small.

It can cause MAJOR problems if "hard bounces" instigated by spoofed From: 
addresses interacting with braindead antivirus software cause ALL your 
Yahoogroups to stop forwarding your mail.  :-(((

>> With widespread adoption

> That's the problem of all FUSSPs.  As you see I have no problem
to mix different ideas, as far as that's possible for a normal
POP3 user without the root password for the MX of his provider.

The point about my permissions list approach is that *I* benefit fine, EVEN 
WITHOUT widespread adoption.

Widespread adoption (such that spammers simply stop trying to send HTML-burdened 
E-mail, or attachments, knowing that the likelihood it will get through is 
miniscule) both reduces spam byte volume by something like 70-85% *and* makes it 
far harder for them to get their spam past content filters, since it denies 
spammers most of their most helpful tricks.

But starting from Day One of a permissions list, the permissions list in 
conjunction with a good antivirus filter should eliminate (in E-mail, at least):

   1)  virtually all viruses and worms;
   2)  spams using text-as-image;
   3)  encrypted spams using Java decryption;
   4)  obscured and spoofed URLs;
   5)  malicious scripting;
   6)  malicious ActiveX;
   7)  malicious attachments.

It's simple, inexpensive, readily implementable, effective, and nearly 
impossible to evade by technical means.

Gordon Peterson                  http://personal.terabites.com/
1977-2002  Twenty-fifth anniversary year of Local Area Networking!
Support free and fair US elections!  http://stickers.defend-democracy.org
12/19/98: Partisan Republicans scornfully ignore the voters they "represent".
12/09/00: the date the Republican Party took down democracy in America.



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From asrg-bounces@ietf.org  Mon Nov 29 17:21:34 2004
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To: "'Stephane Bortzmeyer'" <bortzmeyer@nic.fr>,
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> From: [mailto:asrg-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of Stephane Bortzmeyer

> On Mon, Nov 29, 2004 at 09:07:10AM +0000,
>  Danny Angus <Danny_Angus@slc.co.uk> wrote 
>  a message of 24 lines which said:
> 
> > > autoreply messages to go to ietf@ietf.org mail list!
> > 
> > I think theres a need for a simple standard to describe 
> behaviour in 
> > response to lists, the Precedence header is good where people 
> > implement its use wisely, but I can't find a standad describing the 
> > best practice for applying it or reacting to it.
> 
> RFC 3834

No good. 

Why are people not reading it and acting on it?

People have to stop blaming implementors for not taking the advice on offer.
If you want to change the world then you have the responsibilty for
convincing people of the need for change.


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>> Second, because [SPF] breaks bounces

This was a braino on my part.  I meant "forwarding".

>> I've already had one message produce a misfire from my automated
>> filtering because its envelope-from was mangled by SRS (itself a
>> direct consequence of SPF).
> Just use another way to forward your mail if SRS confuses your
> filters, and if modifying your filters is really no option.

No, you misunderstand.  This was damage done by SRS to a message that
wasn't being forwarded.  Apparently the envelope was SRSed before the
message got bounced.  (Perhaps the message was being forwarded
internally, but it seems to me that shouldn't provoke SRS.)

I don't entirely understand _why_ SRS got its paws on the envelope, and
it may be fairer to call it an implementation bug, but it certainly
wouldn't've happened without SRS, and I thus consider it to at least
some extent damage done by SPF.

/~\ The ASCII				der Mouse
\ / Ribbon Campaign
 X  Against HTML	       mouse@rodents.montreal.qc.ca
/ \ Email!	     7D C8 61 52 5D E7 2D 39  4E F1 31 3E E8 B3 27 4B

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> > RFC 3834

> No good.

> Why are people not reading it and acting on it?


Dare I say its because not everyone has heard of it?
I'm on the Apache James PMC and I hadn't, however James will now be aware
of it and will act on it.

I think this is an issue where intelligent people are already doing
intelligent things.
But we're concerned here with implementors who don't do the sensible thing,
and I suspect these same people are less likely to be aware of relevant new
standards, and even less likely to quickly become compliant.
Time and Awareness will cure this particular ill.

d.



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Subject: [Asrg] Introducing META Signatures (a unification of DK, IIM,
 MTA Signatures plus support for linking to S/MIME and PGP)
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This is information on new cryptographic mail signature proposal about
which I've just posted at ietf-mailsig. This is a near-copy of that post=20
and if you have interest in talking about this more, I'd suggest it take=20
place on ietf-mailsig list (its possible in the future I'll also create=20
separate list just for META Signatures development, if that happens, I'll=
=20
post about in on ASRG during next month). To subscribe to mailsig please
see http://www.imc.org/ietf-mailsig/index.html

------------------------------------------------------------------------

After creating the matrix of proposals presented at last MASS Bof (see
http://www.elan.net/~william/emailsecurity/emailsignatures-comparisonmatr=
ix.htm)
I was surprised to see how much in common various proposals have, in=20
particular for almost every feature there was at least one and usually
two or more other proposals  that also had that feature done in similar=20
way. So I started to see if and how proposals could be put into one that=20
would allow the signer to decide what features to use and I believe I now=
=20
have the beginning of such framework ready to show you.=20

This "unified" proposal's technical details are available for your review=
 at:
 http://www.elan.net/~william/emailsecurity/meta_signatures.htm
(when reading it I recommend part1 first, then going immediatly to exampl=
es
 in part3 and then if you want more technical info, go through part2)

Now below will be somewhat long (for post on public list) as I'll attempt=
=20
to briefly describe META Signatures syntax, if you read above webpage=20
you'll find all that info (in better details) there already.

------------------------------------------------------------------------

This signature design involved separation of signature creation in basic=20
components - email body canonicalization and hash creation, choosing what=
=20
headers and how are to be included in signature, public key cryptography=20
and actual signature creation, and way algorithm for signature authorizat=
ion
Then I compared how different proposals do each part and which features=20
they offer. The result is that each part is now represented a separate=20
header which to a large degree made for a more structured system in my vi=
ew.

First part is creating a hash of email body and it basicly means adding=20
digest header. Those who want, can use good old MD5-Digest which is alrea=
dy
a standard, but of course MD5 is no longer considered a strong hash and=20
that header can not be used with different canonicalization algorithm,=20
so here is an introduction to new extended digest header:
 EDigest: v=3D1.0 a=3Dsha1 c=3Dnofws n=3D500 i=3Dsystem1.example.com
        t=3D1094844765.334354 d=3D"51f0483a89e441e2fc45a12a4303ca217f3461=
7e=3D"=20

In above - "a" is digest algorithm, "c" is canonicalization, "n" is=20
number of characters after canonicalization (this is optional), "t" is=20
timestamp with unique id (also optional) and "d" is actual hash data. In=20
addition to above if somebody wants a digest can also be added for=20
specific MIME part seperately (MIME part is specified by optional "m" tag=
)
and that can allow to verify email even if MIME parts get rearranged by=20
some system or some deleted.

Now actual signature header no longer needs to worry about email body or=20
canonicalization and represents ONLY signature of the list of headers.
Some headers can be duplicated and I already described it before. I've ch=
osen=20
"Saved-" prefix for adding duplicated header value and to allow for uniqu=
e
reference to such headers a unique id can be added right after Saved-, li=
ke:
 Saved-1094844765338603-From: Boogyman <boogyman@example.com>

As I already mentioned before when this is done with separate headers, it=
s
possible for subsequent signatures to reference existing "Saved" header=20
instead of making another duplicate. Same also true about EDigest header,=
=20
i.e. once one is added if email body has not been modified, then other
META signatures can reference that one EDigest header.

Now finally comes the META Signature header, which does not include
authorization info (this is in separate header) and so it has fairly=20
simple structure:
    META-Signature: v=3D1.0 a=3Drsa-sha1 s+=3Dexample.com=20
        t+=3D1094844765.338603 x+=3D432000
        h=3DEdigest,META*,Received*,Original*,Message-ID,Date
        d=3D"Tg67/+k8oltzxIBxN4mevOgbP/+xqxeuT0ugZJ1VoaEm3bJ7JHAOy+X5FEMR=
F
             /SLZ+GBYIA7wtEmjgbHNuVRnbJQWu732PRbI6UKNGocCEX0TvVdZxFTQzbh3=
x
             zaEj6BIWx6GYIo8oWoeM3kzZTiip2pPhuvaXu9Ho+3eR81MZ4=3D" =20

In the above "s" is signer email or domain, "t and "x" are timestamp and=20
expiration like in IIM, "h" is list of headers (like in DK but it has=20
extended syntax) and 'd" is actual signature data. Where you see "+=3D" i=
t=20
means the content is added as part of signature data (i.e. like signed=20
attribute in X.509). Also not shown above but possible as optional tags
are "e" and "m" which are for exponent and modulus of public key if
signer wants it included with the signature.

Last part of the puzzle are META-Auth headers which describe how signatur=
e
is to be authorized/verified. The syntax for them largely comes from MTA
Signatures (its called Certificate-Verification-Service there) and basicl=
y=20
it desribes verification type name (which as part of it includes IANA ser=
vice
name) and locator info (something similar to DK's selector). Multiple=20
META-Auth headers can be included for same signature if somebody supports
multiple verification types (i.e. somebody could decide to support both
DK and IIM at the same time for example), this feature actually may come=20
very usefull for accreditation and reputation. One more interesting note=20
is that I found a way to use those META-Auth headers as a way to link MET=
A
Signature directly to S/MIME or PGP signatures (in such case locator woul=
d
point to correct S/MIME pkcs7-signature attachment). Here are some
examples of META-Auth headers:
    META-Auth:  s=3Ddomain:txt:dk  l=3D_key1._dk  t=3D1094844765.338603
    META-Auth:  s=3Dhttp:KRS  l=3D_krs f=3Dkrs_service  t=3D1094844765.33=
8603
    META-Auth:  s=3Dhttp:download:x509:der  l=3D_certs f=3Dfilename1.cer =
=20
    META-Auth:  s=3D::pkcs7-signature:s-mime  l=3Dpkcs7-attachment-1 =20
I'll note that I'm still working on syntax, in particular possibly replac=
ing
locator with URL and I also working on more universal syntax for describi=
ng
authorization algorithm itself, I'll write more about it end of the week.

Now for those of you still around, finally here are some examples of how=20
this all looks like. First one is simpler DK-style signature:
  META-Signature: v=3D1.0 a=3Drsa-sha1 s+=3Dfootball.example.com =20
     t+=3D1094844765.338603 x+=3D432000 h=3D*=A0
     d=3D"dzdVyOfAKCdLXdJOc9G2q8LoXSlEniSbav+yuU4zGeeruD00lszZ VoG4ZHRNiY=
zR=3D"
  META-Auth: s=3Ddomain:txt:dk  l=3Dbrisbane._dk
  EDigest: v=3D1.0 a=3Dsha1 c=3Dsimple t=3D1094844765.334354=20
     d=3D"51f0483a89e441e2fc45a12a4303ca217f34617e=3D"

Second is example of MTAS-like syntax where some headers are copied and
digest is not only for main body but for some mime parts (plus listed
are multiple authorization methods):
  META-Signature: v=3D1.0 a=3Drsa-sha1 i=3Dmta.example.com s+=3Dexample.c=
om
      t+=3D1094844765.334354 x+=3D432000
      h=3DMETA-*, EDigest, Saved-*, Received, Date, Message-ID
      d=3D"Tg67/+k8oltzxIBxN4mevOgbP/+xqxeuT0ugZJ1VoaEm3bJ7JHAOy+X5FEMRF
           /SLZ+GBYIA7wtEmjgbHNuVRnbJQWu732PRbI6UKNGocCEX0TvVdZxFTQzbh3x
           zaEj6BIWx6GYIo8oWoeM3kzZTiip2pPhuvaXu9Ho+3eR81MZ4=3D"
  META-Auth: m=3Ddomain:key:email  l=3D_key1._pk
  META-Auth: m=3Dhttp:download:x509:der  l=3D_certs f=3Dfilename1.cer =20
  EDigest: v=3D1.0 a=3Dsha1 c=3Dnofws  n=3D1192
      t=3D1094844765.334354 d=3D"51f0483a89e441e2fc45a12a4303ca217f34617e=
=3D"
  EDigest: v=3D1.0 a=3Dsha1 c=3Dnofws  n=3D350 m=3Dmime1-text
      t=3D1094844765.334354 d=3D"4j343ja134ars4390129343ajh124j33sek2424k=
e=3D"=A0=A0
  EDigest: v=3D1.0 a=3Dsha1 c=3Dnofws  n=3D825 m=3Dmime2-html
      t=3D1094844765.334354 d=3D"9si343ksa43junxm343nxldo43jdruy580jyt0z9=
5pe=3D"=A0=A0
  Saved-1094844765338603-From: John Doe <jdoe@example.com>=A0
  Saved-1094844765338603-Subject: RE: Lunch

And last, but not least, is an example is IIM-style (with header inclusio=
n=20
syntax in safest way, so that signature would survive header reordering;
I personally think chance of that being a serious problem are very low):
=A0 META-Signature: v=3D1.0 a=3Drsa-sha1 i=3Diim.example.com s+=3Dexample=
.com
      t+=3D1094844765.334354 x+=3D432000
      h=3DMETA-Auth/t=3D1094844765.338603/a, EDigest/t=3D1094844765.33860=
3/a,
          Saved-1094844765338603-From//a, Saved-1094844765338603-Date//a,
          Saved-1094844765338603-Subject//a
      d=3D"Tg67/+k8oltzxIBxN4mevOgbP/+xqxeuT0ugZJ1VoaEm3bJ7JHAOy+X5FEMRF
           /SLZ+GBYIA7wtEmjgbHNuVRnbJQWu732PRbI6UKNGocCEX0TvVdZxFTQzbh3x
           zaEj6BIWx6GYIo8oWoeM3kzZTiip2pPhuvaXu9Ho+3eR81MZ4=3D"
      e=3D"Iw=3D=3D"
      m=3D"zCnd+ByA23/7WMiIwaIZ7Ez3DplzVMdRKP138IXLOvBVeaRZ4yWEPclZ/2Mda
            s5Bs9RPWH0BGd3fx6j+txdOXarv4Y8kpMqTexCOMFlDmatpXDXfFj3VI9o4G7=
=A0
            674gFTasaoPcvEfZCwcBgZD7T6sLZa3RTBUGzZqOshAMRpVek=3D"
  META-Auth: s=3Dhttp:KRS  l=3D_krs f=3D"krs_service"  t=3D1094844765.338=
603
  EDigest: v=3D1.0 a=3Dsha1 c=3Dnofws n=3D1192 t=3D1094844765.338603
      t=3D1094844765.334354 d=3D"51f0483a89e441e2fc45a12a4303ca217f34617e=
=3D"
  Saved-1094844765338603-From: John Doe <jdoe@example.com>=A0
  Saved-1094844765338603-Date: Fri, 10 Sep 2004 12:25:51 -0700 (PDT)
  Saved-1094844765338603-Subject: RE: Lunch

The above flexibility and choice of what and how is to be included in=20
the signature is totally on the discretion of the signer. So if signer
thinks that if any modifications are done to the message, then the
signature should no longer be trusted, then just don't specify number
of characters after canonicalization (dont add "n" tag), similarly if you=
=20
dont want headers copied - dont do it and reference header directly.

One last thing I'd like to note is that by adding hash of body in separat=
e
EDigest header, it becomes possible to begin to do signature verification=
=20
and authorization right after the headers were received, i.e MTA can stil=
l
be receiving longer email body but may already be in process of getting
public key from dns record and can verify that cryptography is valid. The=
n
after all data is received the remaining detail is to verify that SHA1
hash of EDigest was correct (which BTW can also done while message is
still in process of being received).

Anyway if you like what you saw above, please feel free to discuss this o=
n=20
the list and I welcome all suggestions on how this can be improved furthe=
r.
I'd like to finish initial design within next month and have implementati=
on
ready by February (it may/should even be possible to reuse existing DK or=
=20
IIM implementation). I also plan to submit all the above as internet draf=
ts
by next IETF.

---
William Leibzon, Elan Networks:
 mailto: william@elan.net
Anti-Spam and Email Security Research Worksite:
 http://www.elan.net/~william/emailsecurity/


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