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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: "worm spam" and SPF
To: gep2@terabites.com
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>>> Or, alternatively, the problem SPF "solves" is NOT the spam
>> problem, nor is it the worm problem.
>
>> Yes, that's true, SPF attacks the problem of forged MAIL FROM
> addresses and forged HELO domains.
>
> Right, but if that's the ONLY thing it does then it shouldn't be talked
> about as
> a cure for spam, since spam DOES NOT HAVE TO USE forged From addresses or
> forged
> HELO domains.

It was never meant to be a cure for spam. It is just an anti forgery thing.
But still in a way it is related to the spam problem because there are
spams blocked by checking SPF records.

>> ...It's indirectly related to spam and worms at the moment, like open
>> relays
> were related to the spam problem some years ago.
>
> "Indirectly related" is fine, as long as we recognize it ONLY as such.
> (And as
> such, I think it gets WAY more discussion and attention than it deserves.)
>

> I don't see SPF as the solution for almost ANY questions.
>
>> "Many" is good enough, spammers and worm authors won't waste
> their time with something not working at say AOL or behind SA.
>
> The idea of creating a confusing patchwork lattice mesh that the spam
> would have
> to work its way through is fine.  But SPF is not at all difficult to
> defeat...
> you just send the mail using the infected victim's authorizations.

Tell me one spmmer who has the time and patience to first email a worm +
sniffer to a victim and then wait for the sniffer to sniff the victims
username pwd and other user name pwd. and then start using those ID/pwd
for sending out mails, worst if the network is switched , then wasting
time in arp spoofing and waiting to sniff.
 There are still open relays , return path forgeries etc used by spammers
because most ppl rely only on Anti spam wonder products and they don't
want to take any initiative on their own or just don't know about things
they can do to prevent spam.


>>> undoing the DAMAGE that SPF has done
>
>> There's no "damage", if you don't like it just don't publish a
> sender policy.
>
> Again, you're ignoring things like discussion group/mailing lists, message
> digests, and so forth.  Anybody who makes the mistake of supporting SPF
> later
> finds that they can't send mail using their business E-mail address when
> they
> are (say) on a cruise ship vacation or at an Internet cafe in some other
> country.

SMTP AUTH is a simple and effective way.




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Date: Fri, 3 Dec 2004 12:58:55 +0100
From: "Peter J. Holzer" <hjp-asrg@hjp.at>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: "worm spam" and SPF
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On 2004-12-03 13:03:23 +0530, aseem_jakhar@persistent.co.in wrote:
> >> "Many" is good enough, spammers and worm authors won't waste
> > their time with something not working at say AOL or behind SA.
> >
> > The idea of creating a confusing patchwork lattice mesh that the
> > spam would have to work its way through is fine.  But SPF is not at
> > all difficult to defeat...  you just send the mail using the
> > infected victim's authorizations.
>=20
> Tell me one spmmer who has the time and patience to first email a worm +
> sniffer to a victim and then wait for the sniffer to sniff the victims
> username pwd and other user name pwd. and then start using those ID/pwd
> for sending out mails,

Spammers are already sending out worms to their victims. Currently these
worms install zombies which then send out mails using random sender
addresses directly to the target MX. If that stops working, these
zombies will start using the credentials and SMTP server found by
reading the registry, tricking the user or sniffing traffic. Sure, that
is a bit more difficult than what they do now, but what they do now is a
lot more difficult than what they did a few years before, so you can
expect that they will do it if they have to.

> worst if the network is switched , then wasting time in arp spoofing
> and waiting to sniff.

Doesn't make much difference. They only need the traffic for the local PC.=
=20


>  There are still open relays , return path forgeries etc used by spammers
> because most ppl rely only on Anti spam wonder products and they don't
> want to take any initiative on their own or just don't know about things
> they can do to prevent spam.

Spammers will use whatever method works for them. If there are still
open relays, at least some spammers will use them.

> >>> undoing the DAMAGE that SPF has done
> >
> >> There's no "damage", if you don't like it just don't publish a
> > sender policy.
> >
> > Again, you're ignoring things like discussion group/mailing lists,
> > message digests, and so forth.  Anybody who makes the mistake of
> > supporting SPF later finds that they can't send mail using their
> > business E-mail address when they are (say) on a cruise ship
> > vacation or at an Internet cafe in some other country.
>=20
> SMTP AUTH is a simple and effective way.

SMTP AUTH works only between parties which know each other. I can use
SMTP AUTH to authenticate myself against our SMTP server. But when our
SMTP server forwards the mail to the target MX, it cannot use SMTP auth
to prove that it is authorized to send mail on my behalf. To the target
MX, our SMTP server is indistinguishable from some zombie sending spam
with my address. SPF, MTAmark etc. try to fix that by marking "official"
SMTP servers. Blocking port 25 outbound on dynamic ranges would be
accomplish about the same thing (only in a more drastic and effective
way).

	hp

--=20
   _  | Peter J. Holzer    | Je h=F6her der Norden, desto weniger wird
|_|_) | Sysadmin WSR       | =FCberhaupt gesprochen, also auch kein Dialekt.
| |   | hjp@hjp.at         | Hallig Gr=F6de ist fast g=E4nzlich dialektfrei.
__/   | http://www.hjp.at/ |   -- Hannes Petersen in desd

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From asrg-bounces@ietf.org  Fri Dec  3 13:39:24 2004
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: "worm spam" and SPF
To: aseem_jakhar@persistent.co.in, gep2@terabites.com
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On Fri, 3 Dec 2004, aseem_jakhar@persistent.co.in wrote:
>>>> Or, alternatively, the problem SPF "solves" is NOT the spam
>>> problem, nor is it the worm problem.

>>> Yes, that's true, SPF attacks the problem of forged MAIL FROM
>> addresses and forged HELO domains.

>> Right, but if that's the ONLY thing it does then it shouldn't be talked
>> about as
>> a cure for spam, since spam DOES NOT HAVE TO USE forged From addresses or
>> forged HELO domains.

> It was never meant to be a cure for spam. 

If not, it's certainly been PRESENTED that way.

> It is just an anti forgery thing.  But still in a way it is related to the 
spam problem because there are spams blocked by checking SPF records.

There are also a GREAT many LEGITIMATE mails "blocked by checking SPF records", 
and that's a good part of the problem with the (ill-conceived) approach.

>>> ...It's indirectly related to spam and worms at the moment, like open
>>> relays
>> were related to the spam problem some years ago.

>> "Indirectly related" is fine, as long as we recognize it ONLY as such.
>> (And as
>> such, I think it gets WAY more discussion and attention than it deserves.)

>> I don't see SPF as the solution for almost ANY questions.

>>> "Many" is good enough, spammers and worm authors won't waste
>> their time with something not working at say AOL or behind SA.

>> The idea of creating a confusing patchwork lattice mesh that the spam
>> would have
>> to work its way through is fine.  But SPF is not at all difficult to
>> defeat...
>> you just send the mail using the infected victim's authorizations.

>Tell me one spmmer who has the time and patience to first email a worm +
>sniffer to a victim and then wait for the sniffer to sniff the victims
>username pwd and other user name pwd. and then start using those ID/pwd
>for sending out mails, worst if the network is switched , then wasting
>time in arp spoofing and waiting to sniff.

Don't be ridiculous and set up these stupid straw men arguments.

First of all, you make it sound like some "extra step" is required by the 
spammer, and that's just not true.

Once a machine is infected, it's generally trivial to find the infected user's 
E-mail address.  And it's nearly as trivial to find their outgoing E-mail 
password, whether from the registry or by monitoring the legitimate outgoing 
E-mails they send.

> There are still open relays , return path forgeries etc used by spammers
>because most ppl rely only on Anti spam wonder products and they don't
>want to take any initiative on their own or just don't know about things
>they can do to prevent spam.

Agreed that most folks are relatively clueless, but what's your point there?

In any case, a fine-mesh permissions list approach such as I propose, combined 
with a good content filter (and the latter can be FAR more effective in 
conjunction with the former) is clearly a SUPERIOR way to both combat spam, and 
virtually eliminate E-mail as a transmission vector for viruses and worms.  
While at the same time not imposing ANY significant restrictions on open relays, 
vanity domains, mailing lists, digests, forwarding, and other legitimate and 
well-established traditional features supported by E-mail.

>>>> undoing the DAMAGE that SPF has done

>>> There's no "damage", if you don't like it just don't publish a
>> sender policy.

>> Again, you're ignoring things like discussion group/mailing lists, message
>> digests, and so forth.  Anybody who makes the mistake of supporting SPF
>> later
>> finds that they can't send mail using their business E-mail address when
>> they
>> are (say) on a cruise ship vacation or at an Internet cafe in some other
>> country.

>SMTP AUTH is a simple and effective way.

ABSOLUTELY NOT!!!!  You are TOTALLY IGNORING the issue of sending mail from 
public access Internet kiosks.  A good example is from cruise ship Internet 
"cafes" where you have **no** choice regarding the SMTP server you MUST use;  
you are NOT (generally) using your own portable computer;  you can NOT change 
(for obvious reasons) the mail server to be used in transmission;  and you 
PROBABLY want to sign your mail using your *own* normal E-mail return address 
(which could well be a personally-owned domain name, but also might be your 
"normal" ISP-provided E-mail address).

But this is a good example of how the SPF-type (and other DNS-based) folks try 
(in vain) to eliminate serious objections and problems with their proposals by 
waving a magic wand with obfuscatory nonsense which in fact changes NOTHING.

We can spend YEARS debating (and then implementing) SPF or some other similar 
DNS-based certification scheme, and when we get done we will have accomplished 
VIRTUALLY NOTHING in the war against spam, and if anything it will be MORE 
disruptive because by then, instead of bounces and such mostly getting T-canned 
as undeliverable, they'll effectively become a DDOS attack on the infected 
victim.  :-((

Gordon Peterson                  http://personal.terabites.com/
1977-2002  Twenty-fifth anniversary year of Local Area Networking!
Support free and fair US elections!  http://stickers.defend-democracy.org
12/19/98: Partisan Republicans scornfully ignore the voters they "represent".
12/09/00: the date the Republican Party took down democracy in America.



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To: "Peter J. Holzer" <hjp-asrg@hjp.at>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: "worm spam" and SPF
References: <200411291932.OAA22468@ietf.org>	<46302.203.199.147.2.1102059203.squirrel@webmail.persistent.co.in>
	<20041203115855.GA8110@teal.hjp.at>
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> Spammers are already sending out worms to their victims. Currently these
> worms install zombies which then send out mails using random sender
> addresses directly to the target MX. If that stops working, these
> zombies will start using the credentials and SMTP server found by
> reading the registry, tricking the user or sniffing traffic. Sure, that
> is a bit more difficult than what they do now, but what they do now is a
> lot more difficult than what they did a few years before, so you can
> expect that they will do it if they have to.

Absolutely right, and as the guy who raised this point against blocking 
port 25, allow me to say this:

If spammers send out spam from (usually) just one email address per 
compromised PC, spam will drop to tens or hundreds of messages a day per 
person, instead of hundreds or thousands.

Still, there are enough drone out there to make up for it, but it is a 
step in the right direction.

Unlike what was said here, using techniques that will force spammers to 
learn and adapt is not always a bad thing, when pressing them to the corner.

	Gadi.

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To: Gadi Evron <ge@linuxbox.org>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] "worm spam" and SPF
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From: Florian Weimer <fw@deneb.enyo.de>
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In-Reply-To: <41A8D724.4010902@linuxbox.org> (Gadi Evron's message of "Sat, 27
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* Gadi Evron:

> Seth Breidbart wrote:
>
>> Therefore, an ISP (or other sender) that wishes to retain a good
>> reputation will set its outgoing mailservers to check for the latest
>> worms fairly soon after they're discovered, and throttle mail from any
>> particular sender so not too many worms get out before they're learned
>> about.
>
> And you think that's easy?
>
> This is what the ENTIRE AV _industry_ is about...

I think the crucial difference is that you buy AV products to prevent
malware from *entering* your network.  Outbound filtering is mostly
accidental.

Detection of mail-spreading malware is pretty easy.  I suppose that
detecting infected customers, identifying them, and helping them to
clean their box simply doesn't pay off, from a single ISP POV.

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From asrg-bounces@ietf.org  Fri Dec  3 15:18:08 2004
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: "worm spam" and SPF
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>> Spammers are already sending out worms to their victims. Currently these
> worms install zombies which then send out mails using random sender
> addresses directly to the target MX. If that stops working, these
> zombies will start using the credentials and SMTP server found by
> reading the registry, tricking the user or sniffing traffic. Sure, that
> is a bit more difficult than what they do now, but what they do now is a
> lot more difficult than what they did a few years before, so you can
> expect that they will do it if they have to.

> Absolutely right, and as the guy who raised this point against blocking 
port 25, allow me to say this:

> If spammers send out spam from (usually) just one email address per 
compromised PC, spam will drop to tens or hundreds of messages a day per 
person, instead of hundreds or thousands.

> Still, there are enough drone out there to make up for it, but it is a 
step in the right direction.

> Unlike what was said here, using techniques that will force spammers to 
learn and adapt is not always a bad thing, when pressing them to the corner.

Fine, but if the goal is to force them into a smaller and smaller corner, then 
the fine-grained permissions list idea that I propose, combined with a good 
content filter, together does a LOT more to constrain them (and in a space 
that's MUCH harder to escape from) than SPF and the like do.

And in addition, it doesn't significantly harm legitimate users (the way SPF and 
other "authentication/reputation" schemes do), AND as a bonus, it virtually 
eliminates E-mail as an effective vector for the transmission of viruses and 
worms... thus accomplishing a MAJOR blow against zombie spambots, which create 
such an otherwise intractable problem in controlling spam.

Gordon Peterson                  http://personal.terabites.com/
1977-2002  Twenty-fifth anniversary year of Local Area Networking!
Support free and fair US elections!  http://stickers.defend-democracy.org
12/19/98: Partisan Republicans scornfully ignore the voters they "represent".
12/09/00: the date the Republican Party took down democracy in America.



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From asrg-bounces@ietf.org  Fri Dec  3 15:18:45 2004
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Date: Fri, 03 Dec 2004 21:59:38 +0200
From: Gadi Evron <ge@linuxbox.org>
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> Fine, but if the goal is to force them into a smaller and smaller corner, then 
> the fine-grained permissions list idea that I propose, combined with a good 
> content filter, together does a LOT more to constrain them (and in a space 
> that's MUCH harder to escape from) than SPF and the like do.
> 
> And in addition, it doesn't significantly harm legitimate users (the way SPF and 
> other "authentication/reputation" schemes do), AND as a bonus, it virtually 
> eliminates E-mail as an effective vector for the transmission of viruses and 
> worms... thus accomplishing a MAJOR blow against zombie spambots, which create 
> such an otherwise intractable problem in controlling spam.

Enlighten me with a link to your plan? You make it sound like FUSSP.

	Gadi.

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From asrg-bounces@ietf.org  Fri Dec  3 18:21:31 2004
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: "worm spam" and SPF
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>> Fine, but if the goal is to force them into a smaller and smaller corner, 
then the fine-grained permissions list idea that I propose, combined with a good 
content filter, together does a LOT more to constrain them (and in a space 
that's MUCH harder to escape from) than SPF and the like do.

>> And in addition, it doesn't significantly harm legitimate users (the way SPF 
and other "authentication/reputation" schemes do), AND as a bonus, it virtually 
eliminates E-mail as an effective vector for the transmission of viruses and 
worms... thus accomplishing a MAJOR blow against zombie spambots, which create 
such an otherwise intractable problem in controlling spam.

> Enlighten me with a link to your plan? You make it sound like FUSSP.

I must have missed the post where FUSSP was defined, and up to now (at least) I 
haven't written up a page for my Web site to detail my proposal.  But it's been 
discussed here on-list a number of times.

The gist of my proposal is that each recipient should be able to establish a 
fine-grained mesh which restricts (on a sender-by-sender basis) the types of 
mail the recipient is expecting (and willing) to receive from each sender.

THE DEFAULT, for unknown/unspecified senders, would be to allow through the mesh 
filter only mails smaller than a specified size (say 25K or 50K bytes maybe) 
which contain no HTML and no attachments... thus simple, text E-mails not 
exceeding the specified maximum size.

Mails getting through the fine-grained permissions list filter would then be 
(again, by default, with the ability for the recipient to force delivery of 
mails from specified/identified senders if desired) subjected to a good content 
filter (think Spam Assassin or similar).  (Note that by restricting the mails at 
that point to plain text and without attachments would deny spammers the great 
majority of the most devious, cherished tricks that they commonly use to 
evade/circumvent content filters).

Once a recipient has an established relationship with a given sender, they could 
set their permissions mesh filter so that mails arriving from that sender could 
contain more bulky or risky content.

For example, my Aunt Gertrude might send me HTML codes representing simple 
formatting (fonts, colors, italic, underline, boldface) but she's not likely to 
send me JavaScript, ActiveX, forms, or hyperlinks.  She might send me a JPEG of 
her new poodle Fifi, but she's not at all likely to send me an encrypted ZIP 
file, a .CPL file, a .SCR file, or an .EXE executable attachment.  

Once I've whitelisted dear Aunt Gertrude indicating what sorts of things I trust 
her to send me, mail (purporting to be from her) which departs from that 
familiar style of hers would BY DEFINITION be suspect and would automatically 
either be quarantined or discarded (depending on how I as the recipient wanted 
to deal with such things).

Note that this performs EXACTLY the desired function... even if Aunt Gertrude's 
system were to become infected, the worm/spam messages the zombie residing on 
her system might send me would be efficiently and effectively zapped, while the 
GOOD things she was still sending me (since they LOOK like what I expect to get 
from her) would (still!) sail through unimpeded.  

Clueless types (the ones who are most likely to become infected) are probably 
the least likely to set more advanced permissions for specified senders (and 
there should be suitably dire warnings to hopefully dissuade them from being 
cajoled into setting more expanded permissions without good cause).  For most of 
their contacts, they would probably allow *nobody* to send them executable 
attachments, which would thus eliminate in one fell swoop almost any common 
mechanism for E-mail transmission of worms or viruses.  Who needs daily virus 
signature file updates..??!

Likewise, once things like "text as image" or obscured URLs or spoofed 
hyperlinks or decrypting spam are effectively prevented, the remaining messages 
are much less likely to evade or deceive the content filter.

Even if spammers still managed to evade content filters, and sent the same 
number of spam messages as at present, even just making bulkier HTML-burdened 
E-mails the "kiss of death" for the delivery of their spam (and thus forcing 
spammers to send spam as smaller plain text messages) would if nothing else 
reduce the total spam byte volume to a small fraction of the bandwidth and 
storage space it wastes at present (since HTML-burdened spam is typically 3-5x 
bulkier than the same message as plain text).

So note that the proposal DOES NOT eliminate HTML-burdened mail, nor does it 
impact ANY legitimate E-mail technology.  It DOES mean that UNSOLICITED mail 
from UNKNOWN senders would need to be sent (as it SHOULD be anyhow, since the 
format is designed for universal readability) as small E-mails using only plain 
ASCII text.

Note that this approach even works for large consumer-products companies (say, 
Proctor and Gamble's consumer relations department) since they could by default 
receive small plain text E-mails from ANYBODY.  (And they could anyhow extend 
the permissions any way they wanted, although hopefully they'd maintain tight 
enough standards to protect themselves adequately).

Gordon Peterson                  http://personal.terabites.com/
1977-2002  Twenty-fifth anniversary year of Local Area Networking!
Support free and fair US elections!  http://stickers.defend-democracy.org
12/19/98: Partisan Republicans scornfully ignore the voters they "represent".
12/09/00: the date the Republican Party took down democracy in America.



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Date: Sat, 4 Dec 2004 10:36:23 +1000
From: Laird Breyer <laird@lbreyer.com>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: "worm spam" and SPF
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FUSSP: http://www.rhyolite.com/anti-spam/you-might-be.html

On Dec 03 2004, gep2@terabites.com wrote:
> 
> THE DEFAULT, for unknown/unspecified senders, would be to allow
> through the mesh filter only mails smaller than a specified size
> (say 25K or 50K bytes maybe) which contain no HTML and no
> attachments... thus simple, text E-mails not exceeding the specified
> maximum size.

> So note that the proposal DOES NOT eliminate HTML-burdened mail,
> nor does it impact ANY legitimate E-mail technology.  It DOES mean
> that UNSOLICITED mail from UNKNOWN senders would need to be sent (as
> it SHOULD be anyhow, since the format is designed for universal
> readability) as small E-mails using only plain ASCII text.

This is problematic at best. Many mail reading programs don't follow
standards properly, and even try to improve on perceived shortcomings
in the name of robustness. There is never any guarantee that an ASCII
message, sent as ASCII, will actually be displayed as ASCII rather
than some other format which the reading program thinks it can somehow
deduce.

Any filter of the type you propose must still second guess how all the
major current mail reading programs will interpret ASCII, under all
their available options, settings and overrides. This is an arms race
exactly like the current one.

Furthermore, typical spam messages are 2-3K in length, well below your
proposed limit. This allows higher throughput at the spammer's end.

If the first step in your solution, namely blocking emails containing
nasty side effects, is ineffective, then you are simply proposing a
highly configurable whitelisting system, with all the associated
scalability issues.


-- 
Laird Breyer.

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From asrg-bounces@ietf.org  Fri Dec  3 20:22:59 2004
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Date: Fri, 3 Dec 2004 19:57:18 -0500
To: asrg@ietf.org
From: Bill Cole <asrg2@billmail.scconsult.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: "worm spam" and SPF
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At 5:59 PM +0200 12/3/04, Gadi Evron  imposed structure on a stream 
of electrons, yielding:
>Unlike what was said here, using techniques that will force spammers 
>to learn and adapt is not always a bad thing, when pressing them to 
>the corner.

That's all that CAN be done.

If all spammers were like those at Amazon and Verisign and Digital 
Impact and eDialog and Responsys, dealing with spam would not be a 
big deal. Even the borderline semi-legit cases like OptInBig and 
over-the-borderline cases like Atriks can be dealt with because they 
try to look like the 'legitimate' entities that acquire addresses 
without real permission and mail them without end: they all make true 
(if at times deceptive) assertions of their identity in SMTP and in 
the mail headers and usually the message body of their spam. The more 
spammers can be boxed into saying "Hi, I'm, Spammer X" in their spam 
and the more worms can be boxed into "Hi, I'm Joe Idiot's infected 
machine", the easier it becomes to not hand either sort of mail to 
users. It also makes it swifter and easier to drive the business 
model of spamming into hopelessness and to identify the users who 
need to be walled in behind in loco parentis firewalls.


-- 
Bill Cole                                  
bill@scconsult.com


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From asrg-bounces@ietf.org  Sat Dec  4 05:22:41 2004
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: "worm spam" and SPF
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>> SMTP AUTH is a simple and effective way.
>
> SMTP AUTH works only between parties which know each other. I can use
> SMTP AUTH to authenticate myself against our SMTP server. But when our
> SMTP server forwards the mail to the target MX, it cannot use SMTP auth
> to prove that it is authorized to send mail on my behalf. To the target
> MX, our SMTP server is indistinguishable from some zombie sending spam
> with my address. SPF, MTAmark etc. try to fix that by marking "official"
> SMTP servers. Blocking port 25 outbound on dynamic ranges would
> be
> accomplish about the same thing (only in a more drastic and effective
> way).

I meant SMTP AUTH for Sender only no the target SMTP server. It was
from the user point of view. And yes SPFand other techniques do help in MTA
to MTA transaction.

>> > Again, you're ignoring things like discussion group/mailing lists,
>> > message digests, and so forth.  Anybody who makes the mistake of
>> > supporting SPF later finds that they can't send mail using their
>> > business E-mail address when they are (say) on a cruise ship
>> > vacation or at an Internet cafe in some other country.
>>

mobileSender@myDomain--AUTH--> myDomain SMTP--SPF,MTAMark etc---target SMTP
|__________________________________________|

Regards,
@

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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: "worm spam" and SPF
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> The gist of my proposal is that each recipient should be able to establish
> a
> fine-grained mesh which restricts (on a sender-by-sender basis) the types
> of
> mail the recipient is expecting (and willing) to receive from each sender.
>
> THE DEFAULT, for unknown/unspecified senders, would be to allow through
> the mesh
> filter only mails smaller than a specified size (say 25K or 50K bytes
> maybe)
> which contain no HTML and no attachments... thus simple, text E-mails not
> exceeding the specified maximum size.

The average spam mail size is usually smaller than your proposed size.
which increases the false negative rate of ur proposal

What about the sales and customer care dept. of organizations who receive
mails in bulk from customers, clients etc.

How user friendly will it be when the admin or user has to configure
settings for each sender.

It sounds more like whitelisting with restrictions.

restricting mails based on size or format will only produce more False
Positives.

Regards,
@


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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: "worm spam" and SPF
References: <200412031516.KAA14472@ietf.org>
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X-Habeas-SWE-1: winter into spring
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On 12/3/2004 7:15 AM, gep2@terabites.com sent forth electrons to convey:

>On Fri, 3 Dec 2004, aseem_jakhar@persistent.co.in wrote:
>
>>SMTP AUTH is a simple and effective way.
>>    
>>
>
>ABSOLUTELY NOT!!!!  You are TOTALLY IGNORING the issue of sending mail from 
>public access Internet kiosks.  A good example is from cruise ship Internet 
>"cafes" where you have **no** choice regarding the SMTP server you MUST use;  
>you are NOT (generally) using your own portable computer;  you can NOT change 
>(for obvious reasons) the mail server to be used in transmission;  and you 
>PROBABLY want to sign your mail using your *own* normal E-mail return address 
>(which could well be a personally-owned domain name, but also might be your 
>"normal" ISP-provided E-mail address).
>
>But this is a good example of how the SPF-type (and other DNS-based) folks try 
>(in vain) to eliminate serious objections and problems with their proposals by 
>waving a magic wand with obfuscatory nonsense which in fact changes NOTHING.
>  
>
As one of those folks advocating a DNS-based solution, I'd like to point 
out that CSV has no trouble allowing the cruise ship scenario to work well.
Please watch the broadness of the strokes you paint.

>We can spend YEARS debating (and then implementing) SPF or some other similar 
>DNS-based certification scheme, and when we get done we will have accomplished 
>VIRTUALLY NOTHING in the war against spam, and if anything it will be MORE 
>disruptive because by then, instead of bounces and such mostly getting T-canned 
>as undeliverable, they'll effectively become a DDOS attack on the infected 
>victim.  :-((
>
Ditto, WRT CSV doing virtually nothing, or being DDoS-like.  Sloppy.

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References: <20041126111000.GU31887@f-prot.com>	<200411270654.iAR6scF14204@panix5.panix.com>
	<41A91C8C.59BE@xyzzy.claranet.de>
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X-Habeas-SWE-1: winter into spring
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Subject: [Asrg] Disaster looming: SPF
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Vipul:  Here's how CSV or SPF handle the scenario you paint:
Systems that are able to keep their noses clean will have better 
reputations than other systems.
An ISP (typically) (in the case of CSV) or a .com domain (typically) (in 
the case of SPF) will be motivated by the scheme to keep its nose clean 
(the mail stream emanating from its users' systems, that is, to be precise).
If it doesn't, there will be consequences.  Its infrastructure costs 
will go up, as it has to work hard to deliver a huge mail queue that 
piles up as it tries do deliver to machines that are throttling or 
tempfailing it's delivery attempts for as long as it's reputation is 
questionable.
Make sense? You're familiar with the aspen framework?  One difference 
between CSV and SPF is that the latter doesn't do a good a job defining 
the party most able to do something about the problem.  (The SPF 
protocol allows the party to be poorly defined and hard to trace.)

On 11/27/2004 4:32 PM, Frank Ellermann sent forth electrons to convey:

> SPF is not the FUSSP, it's the next "necessary" step.

Nonsense.  SPF breaks MUCH MORE than is necessary to achive sender 
authorization and authentication.

>Defining "necessary" by the minimal modification you can get
>away with (excl. radical approaches like "delete all bounces"
>because that breaks SMTP).
>
>  
>
>>At this point, strong SPF checking breaks too much stuff
>>(especially forwarding).
>>    
>>
>
>It's not "especially forwarding"
>
True, that's not the biggest problem of SPF.  A bigger problem is the 
ISP end-user support nightmare looming around the corner: the 
reconfiguration of every power user's MUA, since SPF breaks their 
current configuration. It's not going to happen.



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On 11/27/2004 11:28 AM, Vipul Ved Prakash sent forth electrons to convey:

>Nod. This moves the content filtration problem to a different 
>place: on the outgoing servers. If the only way to send out spam 
>is through drones, then all spammers will move to using drones. 
>The conclusion that I draw from this is that content filtration 
>techniques used on outbound mail would have to be of the same 
>level of sophistication as inbound filtration today. 
>
Consider a filter that detects that a mail stream contains outbound spam 
only after the system has sent out, say 100 emails, but does so with 
99.99% reliability.
(SpamAssassin is at least an order of magnitude better than that. Your 
Razor2 scheme alone can do that, right? Note the word 'contains'; it's key.)
At that point, it blocks that mail stream until the system is cleaned.  
That's good enough to make end user mailboxes orders of magnitude 
cleaner than they are today, as zombies send out orders of magnitude 
more than 100 emails.

Have you noticed that several large ISPs have seen the writing on the 
wall and have started offering their users free (bundled) antivirus (and 
anti-zombie) ?  AOL, SBC, to name two huge ones off the top of my head.  
They see that they'll have to be able to disinfect their users if they 
want to ensure their mail keeps getting delivered.  This is the writing 
on the wall.


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Subject: [Asrg] Please critique my anti-spam system
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I have developed a system to eliminate spam.  You are the first group=20
to whom I have publicly presented it to so I would appreciate any=20
criticism you might have, and after that any support.  To my=20
knowledge this system is unique.  A colloquial description of my=20
method is detail at the following link:


http://home.nyc.rr.com/spamsolution/An%20Effective%20Solution%20for%20Spam.=
htm

Sincerely,

Michael G. Kaplan
New York, New York

--=20
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Find what you are looking for with the Lycos Yellow Pages
http://r.lycos.com/r/yp_emailfooter/http://yellowpages.lycos.com/default.as=
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Hi,

> I have developed a system to eliminate spam.  You are the first group 
> to whom I have publicly presented it to so I would appreciate any 
> criticism you might have, and after that any support.  To my 
> knowledge this system is unique.  A colloquial description of my 
> method is detail at the following link:
> 
> http://home.nyc.rr.com/spamsolution/An%20Effective%20Solution%20for%20Spam.htm

interesting solution.

But what is with this:
 - a friend often send news with my and others mail-addresses in
   the To:-header.
 - she also have viruses in the past, that sends mails to all
   addresses in her addressbook.

How can your system hide my address from spamers?

Regards, Reinhold

-- 
                         Reinhold Jordan
WWW: http://reinhold.bachrain.de         Mail: reinhold@bachrain.de
qmail-spam-protection with intelligent-greylisting, reverse-smtp...
qmail.spamfilter.041129.017.tar.bz2 actual rejects 99.78% of spam!!

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From asrg-bounces@ietf.org  Sun Dec  5 11:20:58 2004
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"Michael Kaplan" <mkaplansolution@lycos.com> wrote:

> I have developed a system to eliminate spam.

Google for FUSSP.

> To my knowledge this system is unique.

It combines C/R (which causes it to spam innocent victims of forgery)
with captcha (which isn't perfect, either), with unique addresses (and
no explanation of how to keep them that way; consider being included
in a CC: list that gets involved in a discussion).

Seth

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From asrg-bounces@ietf.org  Sun Dec  5 11:41:12 2004
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From: "Michael Kaplan" <mkaplansolution@lycos.com>
To: "Reinhold Jordan" <reinhold@bachrain.de>
Date: Sun, 05 Dec 2004 11:31:04 -0500
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Please critique my anti-spam system
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In that case this system is a real blessing since it would become instantly=
 obvious that your friend's address book was being harvested by spammers an=
d the problem can be rectified, and of course the compromised addresses wou=
ld be instantly nullified.

Michael Kaplan

>=20
> interesting solution.
>=20
> But what is with this:
>   - a friend often send news with my and others mail-addresses in
>     the To:-header.
>   - she also have viruses in the past, that sends mails to all
>     addresses in her addressbook.
>=20
> How can your system hide my address from spamers?
>=20
> Regards, Reinhold
>=20
> --
>                           Reinhold Jordan
> WWW: http://reinhold.bachrain.de         Mail: reinhold@bachrain.de
> qmail-spam-protection with intelligent-greylisting, reverse-smtp...
> qmail.spamfilter.041129.017.tar.bz2 actual rejects 99.78% of spam!!
>=20
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg

--=20
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From asrg-bounces@ietf.org  Sun Dec  5 11:49:23 2004
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From: Devdas Bhagat <devdas@dvb.homelinux.org>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Please critique my anti-spam system
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On 05/12/04 10:31 -0500, Michael Kaplan wrote:
> 
> I have developed a system to eliminate spam.  You are the first group 
> to whom I have publicly presented it to so I would appreciate any 
> criticism you might have, and after that any support.  To my 
> knowledge this system is unique.  A colloquial description of my 
> method is detail at the following link:
> 
> 
> http://home.nyc.rr.com/spamsolution/An%20Effective%20Solution%20for%20Spam.htm

I couldn't see any images :). Secondly, you advocate sending bounces
rather than rejects and those with inline images. That itself is a huge
volume of excess email. 
Thirdly, I would be sending bounces in non English languages. Perhaps you 
would care to deal with that problem as well? Most of my correspondents
do not have English as their primary language, for most of them it is
the third language.
Fourthly, how do you propose that ISPs deal with scenarios like this
where multiple addresses are created by the MUA which does not exist on
the same system as the MTA?
Fifth, you expect automatic address book updates. What happens if the
MUA does not automatically update addressbooks?

Devdas Bhagat

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From asrg-bounces@ietf.org  Sun Dec  5 11:51:41 2004
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From: "Michael Kaplan" <mkaplansolution@lycos.com>
To: "Seth Breidbart" <sethb@panix.com>
Date: Sun, 05 Dec 2004 11:39:28 -0500
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Please critique my anti-spam system
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1 - I am well aware of the FUSSP, as the second to the last line of my arti=
cle suggests.

2 - Innocent victims can only be sent bounces if spammers know their addres=
s to begin with, and if you use this system then spammers can't forge your =
address.  It would also be a simple matter for a email service provider to =
filter out this bounces if the user did not initiate a email to the corresp=
onding address.

3 - The issues with CAPTCHA are addressed in my article

4 - One occasion some sub-address will be compromised but that is an easily=
 corrected issue as per the nature of my system.

Michael Kaplan

----- Original Message -----
From: "Seth Breidbart" <sethb@panix.com>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Please critique my anti-spam system
Date: Sun, 5 Dec 2004 11:05:53 -0500 (EST)

>=20
> "Michael Kaplan" <mkaplansolution@lycos.com> wrote:
>=20
> > I have developed a system to eliminate spam.
>=20
> Google for FUSSP.
>=20
> > To my knowledge this system is unique.
>=20
> It combines C/R (which causes it to spam innocent victims of forgery)
> with captcha (which isn't perfect, either), with unique addresses (and
> no explanation of how to keep them that way; consider being included
> in a CC: list that gets involved in a discussion).
>=20
> Seth
>=20
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg

--=20
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> FUSSP: http://www.rhyolite.com/anti-spam/you-might-be.html

OK, thanks.  :-)  It's pretty clear that my proposal really IS that simple, and 
really DOES go a LONG way to solving/reducing the problems of spams, worms, and 
viruses.

I *do* urge the use of a good antispam content filter IN CONJUNCTION WITH my 
proposal.  My proposal, however, *greatly* improves the efficacy of the content 
filter.

>> THE DEFAULT, for unknown/unspecified senders, would be to allow
> through the mesh filter only mails smaller than a specified size
> (say 25K or 50K bytes maybe) which contain no HTML and no
> attachments... thus simple, text E-mails not exceeding the specified
> maximum size.

>> So note that the proposal DOES NOT eliminate HTML-burdened mail,
> nor does it impact ANY legitimate E-mail technology.  It DOES mean
> that UNSOLICITED mail from UNKNOWN senders would need to be sent (as
> it SHOULD be anyhow, since the format is designed for universal
> readability) as small E-mails using only plain ASCII text.

> This is problematic at best. 

Your objections are ridiculous....

> ...Many mail reading programs don't follow standards properly, 

I'm sure that's true, but that doesn't impact my proposal.  First, my proposal 
is TOTALLY controlled by the RECIPIENT, so the recipient can set the filter any 
way they like (hopefully using the same rules you'd use for setting the squelch 
control on your 2-way radio... you want to block the noise while letting through 
all legitimate and trusted transmissions).  Obviously, if you set the E-mail 
"squelch" control to "minimum" then it won't help you much.

But anyhow, the fact that they "don't follow standards properly" doesn't really 
affect my proposal one way or the other.  My proposal should still work, and one 
can set the filter as aggressive (or not) as is appropriate for their situation.

> ...and even try to improve on perceived shortcomings
in the name of robustness. There is never any guarantee that an ASCII
message, sent as ASCII, will actually be displayed as ASCII rather
than some other format which the reading program thinks it can somehow
deduce.

And why, exactly, do you think that makes my proposal "problematic"?

> Any filter of the type you propose must still second guess how all the
major current mail reading programs will interpret ASCII, 

Why do you think that?

>  ....under all their available options, settings and overrides. This is an 
arms race exactly like the current one.

What does "how they interpret ASCII" have to do with my proposal?

It MIGHT have more to do with the proposed ASSOCIATED use of a good antispam 
content filter (like Spam Assassin) but my proposal really has only VERY limited 
need (itself) to interpret the contents of the E-mail, beyond looking at 
attachments and HTML tags.

> Furthermore, typical spam messages are 2-3K in length, well below your
proposed limit. 

Yes, and that causes NO problems for my approach.  I'm NOT proposing that SIZE 
be used to discriminate spam/nospam.  I *am* saying that, along with 
antispam/antivirus/antiworm goals, it ALSO makes sense that recipients be able 
to prevent abusively large messages from being sent to them (and perhaps chewing 
up their limited-size ISP-provided Inbox) from people they don't know and don't 
trust.  (Limiting the size DOES, however, provide an additional way of 
controlling incoming worms (from untrusted/unknown senders), most of which are 
significantly larger than 25K).

> This allows higher throughput at the spammer's end.

Throughput is generally not a problem for spammers and virus authors, since they 
as a rule don't pay for it, or at least they pay for a vanishingly small 
percentage of the total bandwidth their actions cause to be consumed.

> If the first step in your solution, namely blocking emails containing
nasty side effects, is ineffective, 

I think you're misunderstanding my proposal.  Either that, or you seem to be 
misrepresenting it.

> ...then you are simply proposing a highly configurable whitelisting system, 
with all the associated scalability issues.

Certainly it IS a "highly configurable whitelisting system" but with the key 
property that you allow a significant and useful type of "initial contact" mail 
through at least the whitelist part before going into the associated content 
filter.

As for "scalability issues" you don't indicate why you think my approach is 
particularly challenging in that area;  certainly the whitelist portion is not 
particularly resource-intensive (the content filter portion is the more 
difficult part of the two main sections, but even THAT is greatly reduced by the 
reduced need to worry about HTML and other evasions).  

While obviously it would be NICE to have spam filtered out as close to the 
sender as practical, then you get back to all the issues about worldwide 
consensus and all the rest, and I just don't think that's feasible at the moment 
(at least, I'll observe, it certainly hasn't gotten us very far up to now).  One 
of the nice aspects about my solution is that it is ENTIRELY implementable at 
the RECIPIENT end (and they get IMMEDIATE and substantial gratification upon 
doing so), and they probably are not in any significant way inconvenienced by 
the modest resources that my approach would use.  

It would be ENTIRELY possible to implement it entirely within an E-mail client 
(such as Outlook or Outlook Express for example) and wouldn't require ANY 
changes whatsoever from the ISPs or the wider Internet infrastructure at 
large... and because of that, it doesn't really require the issuance of any 
official standards, either... (since in effect the recipient-controlled filter 
ONLY really directly affects THEIR incoming mail) although a "best practices" 
type document might recommend general approaches to use in implementing such 
software, or to perhaps help avoid foreseeable issues or implementation traps 
for the unwary.

Gordon Peterson                  http://personal.terabites.com/
1977-2002  Twenty-fifth anniversary year of Local Area Networking!
Support free and fair US elections!  http://stickers.defend-democracy.org
12/19/98: Partisan Republicans scornfully ignore the voters they "represent".
12/09/00: the date the Republican Party took down democracy in America.



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From asrg-bounces@ietf.org  Sun Dec  5 12:01:38 2004
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"Michael Kaplan" <mkaplansolution@lycos.com> top-posted:

> 2 - Innocent victims can only be sent bounces if spammers know their
> address to begin with, and if you use this system then spammers
> can't forge your address.  It would also be a simple matter for a
> email service provider to filter out this bounces if the user did
> not initiate a email to the corresponding address.

So two people using your system could never communicate.

> 3 - The issues with CAPTCHA are addressed in my article

Including the spammer trick of feeding them to suckers in return for
"free" porn?  Including blind correspondents?

Seth

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> I meant SMTP AUTH for Sender only no the target SMTP server. It was
from the user point of view. And yes SPFand other techniques do help in MTA
to MTA transaction.

>>> > Again, you're ignoring things like discussion group/mailing lists,
>> > message digests, and so forth.  Anybody who makes the mistake of
>> > supporting SPF later finds that they can't send mail using their
>> > business E-mail address when they are (say) on a cruise ship
>> > vacation or at an Internet cafe in some other country.
>>

> mobileSender@myDomain--AUTH--> myDomain SMTP--SPF,MTAMark etc---target SMTP
  |__________________________________________|


I truly don't understand why the types that keep hawking SMTP AUTH as the 
solution JUST DON'T GET IT... how many times do we have to say this?

THE FACT IS THAT IF YOU ARE ON A CRUISE SHIP AT THEIR INTERNET CAFE, OR AT AN 
AIRPORT WAITING LOUNGE INTERNET ACCESS KIOSK, (and many other public-access 
situations) YOU MOST LIKELY HAVE *NO* CONTROL ABOUT WHAT SMTP MAIL SERVER IS 
GOING TO BE SENDING YOUR OUTGOING E-MAIL MESSAGE.  That notwithstanding, 
OBVIOUSLY you would STILL want to use "your" own E-mail address as the sender!

SMTP AUTH does NOT help, and generally IS NOT (currently, at least) POSSIBLE, 
for such situations!

Gordon Peterson                  http://personal.terabites.com/
1977-2002  Twenty-fifth anniversary year of Local Area Networking!
Support free and fair US elections!  http://stickers.defend-democracy.org
12/19/98: Partisan Republicans scornfully ignore the voters they "represent".
12/09/00: the date the Republican Party took down democracy in America.



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From: "Michael Kaplan" <mkaplansolution@lycos.com>
To: "Devdas Bhagat" <devdas@dvb.homelinux.org>
Date: Sun, 05 Dec 2004 12:08:57 -0500
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Please critique my anti-spam system
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No one else has yet mentioned a problem with seeing images, maybe you can t=
ry again later.

Billions of spam are sent each day and the problem is getting worse.  I bel=
ieve that this system will profoundly decrease email traffic by eliminating=
 spam.  In time as spam is controlled the number of bounces will decrease.

The text in these bounces is generic.  An email service provider can alter =
the content of the message to a generic Chinese message if the user wishes.=
  The instructions for the CAPTCHA can be created in a hundred different la=
nguages - the user can decide which one to see.=20=20
Automatic address book updates are a convenience, not a necessity.

Michael Kaplan

> I couldn't see any images :). Secondly, you advocate sending bounces
> rather than rejects and those with inline images. That itself is a huge
> volume of excess email.
> Thirdly, I would be sending bounces in non English languages. Perhaps you
> would care to deal with that problem as well? Most of my correspondents
> do not have English as their primary language, for most of them it is
> the third language.
> Fourthly, how do you propose that ISPs deal with scenarios like this
> where multiple addresses are created by the MUA which does not exist on
> the same system as the MTA?
> Fifth, you expect automatic address book updates. What happens if the
> MUA does not automatically update addressbooks?
>=20
> Devdas Bhagat
>=20
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg

--=20
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From: Devdas Bhagat <devdas@dvb.homelinux.org>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] SMTP AUTH
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On 05/12/04 16:50 +0000, gep2@terabites.com wrote:
<snip>
> > mobileSender@myDomain--AUTH--> myDomain SMTP--SPF,MTAMark etc---target SMTP
>   |__________________________________________|
> 
> 
> I truly don't understand why the types that keep hawking SMTP AUTH as the 
> solution JUST DON'T GET IT... how many times do we have to say this?
> 
> THE FACT IS THAT IF YOU ARE ON A CRUISE SHIP AT THEIR INTERNET CAFE, OR AT AN 
> AIRPORT WAITING LOUNGE INTERNET ACCESS KIOSK, (and many other public-access 
> situations) YOU MOST LIKELY HAVE *NO* CONTROL ABOUT WHAT SMTP MAIL SERVER IS 
> GOING TO BE SENDING YOUR OUTGOING E-MAIL MESSAGE.  That notwithstanding, 
> OBVIOUSLY you would STILL want to use "your" own E-mail address as the sender!

Ouch. CAPS!
Let me see, you have an IP conection, presumably connected to the
Internet. You should be able to access the submission port to send your
mail via your mail server. You just might not be able to use port 25/tcp
there.

SMTP AUTH solves the problem of being able to uniquely identify the
spamming user and allowing the ISP to terminate those accounts without
having to try and fiugre out which user had that IP at that time from
the DHCP logs.

Devdas Bhagat

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From: Devdas Bhagat <devdas@dvb.homelinux.org>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Please critique my anti-spam system
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On 05/12/04 12:08 -0500, Michael Kaplan wrote:
> No one else has yet mentioned a problem with seeing images, maybe you
> can try again later.

I am not using a browser or MUA that can see images.

> 
> Billions of spam are sent each day and the problem is getting worse. 
> I believe that this system will profoundly decrease email traffic by
> eliminating spam.  In time as spam is controlled the number of bounces
> will decrease.

The response of spammers to better blocks and filters has been to send
more spam. If I want to ensure that 100 user get my spam, and a 90%
effective filter is commonly used, then I send out 1000 messages. If the
filter is 99% effective, I send out 10000.

> 
> The text in these bounces is generic.  An email service provider can alter
> the content of the message to a generic Chinese message if the user
> wishes.  The instructions for the CAPTCHA can be created in a hundred
> different languages - the user can decide which one to see.  

How do I know which language my sender will prefer? Particularly if the
sender is a new correspondent. If I set my system up to send out such
bounces in say, Hindi, and you don't understand it at all, how would
that situation be handled?

Devdas Bhagat

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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Please critique my anti-spam system
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----- Original Message -----
From: "Seth Breidbart" <sethb@panix.com>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Please critique my anti-spam system
Date: Sun, 5 Dec 2004 11:49:27 -0500 (EST)

>=20
> "Michael Kaplan" <mkaplansolution@lycos.com> top-posted:
>=20
> > 2 - Innocent victims can only be sent bounces if spammers know their
> > address to begin with, and if you use this system then spammers
> > can't forge your address.  It would also be a simple matter for a
> > email service provider to filter out this bounces if the user did
> > not initiate a email to the corresponding address.
>=20
> So two people using your system could never communicate.

I thought that the issue that you were bringing up was the following:  A sp=
ammer forges your address and sends out a million pieces of spam and you su=
bsequently get an enormous number of bounces as per my system.=20
I suggest that this won't be an issue as your email service provider will o=
nly allow you to receive one of these special bounces if you had just sent =
out the corresponding email.
If you had just sent out an email to someone then you email provider would =
allow the bounce to come into your inbox.

> > 3 - The issues with CAPTCHA are addressed in my article
>=20
> Including the spammer trick of feeding them to suckers in return for
> "free" porn?  Including blind correspondents?
>=20
> Seth

Both of the above issues are commented upon in the section immediately prec=
eding the section where I compare my system with other anti-spam systems.

Michael
--=20
_______________________________________________
Find what you are looking for with the Lycos Yellow Pages
http://r.lycos.com/r/yp_emailfooter/http://yellowpages.lycos.com/default.as=
p?SRC=3Dlycos10


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From: "Peter J. Holzer" <hjp-asrg@hjp.at>
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: "worm spam" and SPF
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On 2004-12-05 16:42:26 +0000, gep2@terabites.com wrote:
> OK, thanks.  :-)  It's pretty clear that my proposal really IS that simpl=
e, and=20
> really DOES go a LONG way to solving/reducing the problems of spams, worm=
s, and=20
> viruses.
>=20
> I *do* urge the use of a good antispam content filter IN CONJUNCTION WITH=
 my=20
> proposal.  My proposal, however, *greatly* improves the efficacy of the c=
ontent=20
> filter.

Since your proposal can be usefully implemented on a small scale (unlike
SPF, which will only work if (almost) everybody uses it), a few
questions:

1) Have you implemented it? Is the implementation available?

2) Are you using it yourself? If so, how much much did it reduce the
amount of spam, how much time do you spend tweaking your permission
lists, how many people claim that they can't send mail to you?

3) Have you deployed it at a scale where you couldn't explain it to
everybody in person (E.g., a company with ~100 employees, a small ISP,
etc.)? Same questions as above, plus: How many support calls do you get?

	hp

--=20
   _  | Peter J. Holzer    | Je h=F6her der Norden, desto weniger wird
|_|_) | Sysadmin WSR       | =FCberhaupt gesprochen, also auch kein Dialekt.
| |   | hjp@hjp.at         | Hallig Gr=F6de ist fast g=E4nzlich dialektfrei.
__/   | http://www.hjp.at/ |   -- Hannes Petersen in desd

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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: "worm spam" and SPF
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>> The gist of my proposal is that each recipient should be able to establish
> a
> fine-grained mesh which restricts (on a sender-by-sender basis) the types
> of
> mail the recipient is expecting (and willing) to receive from each sender.
>
> THE DEFAULT, for unknown/unspecified senders, would be to allow through
> the mesh
> filter only mails smaller than a specified size (say 25K or 50K bytes
> maybe)
> which contain no HTML and no attachments... thus simple, text E-mails not
> exceeding the specified maximum size.

> The average spam mail size is usually smaller than your proposed size.
which increases the false negative rate of ur proposal

The size limitation is NOT intended to differentiate spam/nospam.  Its purpose 
is to block "large" E-mails from unknown/untrusted people (and which might 
otherwise consume an undesirable amount of Inbox space) as well as to help avoid 
"large" mails which could contain viruses/worms/etc.  The default "no 
attachments" rule helps a lot with that, (as does the "no HTML" default rule) 
but putting the size limit (and setting it appropriately) also helps avoid 
spammers trying to evade that by using non-attachment "embedded attachments" of 
some sort.

As a recipient, I simply don't need (or want) to accept arbitrarily large 
unsolicited E-mails from just anybody.  If they want to send me something large 
or cumbersome, they can contact me FIRST and request permission for the bulkier 
or riskier mail..

> What about the sales and customer care dept. of organizations who receive
mails in bulk from customers, clients etc.

My permissions-list proposal would not limit that AT ALL, as long as those 
E-mails were below a certain size (which the receiving organization can set as 
appropriate for their case) and as long as they meet the attachments/HTML 
criteria they have set.  I think you'd have a hard time arguing, for example, 
that such "sales and customer care" departments would need to accept (at least 
not as a first contact!) E-mails containing Javascript decryptors, ActiveX, .SCR 
or .EXE files, mail of arbitrary sizes (say 2Mb?)... the list goes on and on.  
And that's one of the big differences between my proposal and a typical 
"whitelist" proposal... my proposal specifically provides for a significant, 
useful (while safe) type of E-mails for use in establishing initial contacts 
with people.  (And that E-mail still would need to satisfy the second-stage 
content filter, based on other criteria the recipient can control, to get 
through for delivery).  

> How user friendly will it be when the admin or user has to configure
settings for each sender.

That's an issue to be determined by the implementing software.  I would expect 
quite a diversity in dealing with those issues, depending on whether the 
software involved were intended for direct (fairly clueless) end-user use or for 
"serious-power-user" types.  

Anyhow, there doesn't HAVE to be any single standard for how to deal with that 
stuff (and nothing says the recipient couldn't change their settings over time, 
either).  You might T-can the objectionable stuff without a whimper, you might 
quarantine it with a periodic summary of questionable stuff being held, you 
might deliver it (especially during the initial phase of the implementation) 
with a way for the user to say "Yes, this sender is okay, let future stuff 
through from them if it looks 'like this' one."  

Likewise, the software might be clever enough to notice that when stuff is sent 
to quarantine, some senders are particularly persistent (and MAYBE think they're 
legitimate) and those might be something to call to the attention of the 
recipient, to verify whether it SHOULD in fact be getting delivered, or if maybe 
it's a known/persistent spammer which the recipient doesn't even need 
quarantined, where that stuff in the future can go straight into the trash.

> It sounds more like whitelisting with restrictions.

It certainly has whitelisting characteristics.  The major differences are:

  1)  there is an established (although NOT necessarily standardized) class of 
mail which can come from anybody and be delivered (subject, of course, to 
satisfying the second-stage content filter);  (those knowing they're sending an 
intial-contact E-mail would want to use 'good netiquette' in hopes of satisfying 
that 'politeness' standard);

  2)  the whitelisting would provide a fairly fine mesh, so that the recipient 
could fairly closely define the type of mails they expect (and are willing to 
accept) from each given sender;

  3)  the unsolicited stuff, from unknown/untrusted senders, would have to 
satisfy rules which would preclude use of most evasions, tricks, and subterfuges 
that spammers normally are able to employ to deceive or evade content filters;

  4)  the "no attachments/no HTML" (by default) rule would virtually eliminate 
E-mail as a viable propagation vector for viruses and worms (since almost nobody 
would in practice set ANYBODY with permission to send them executable, encrypted 
ZIP, or other such 'dangerous' attachments).  This would put a MAJOR crimp in 
the ease of building armies of zombie spambots.

> ...restricting mails based on size or format will only produce more False
Positives.

Again, you apparently just don't 'get it'.  

The fact is that (for example) I simply AM NOT INTERESTED in getting 
HTML-burdened E-mails from people I don't know and who haven't cleared those 
with me in advance.  There is VERY little I want or need to get by E-mail that 
can't be sent to me as (safer) plain ASCII text.

Once I *do* agree to accept formatted E-mail from somebody (and if they have a 
DAMNED good reason for it, which I concur on) then I *still* probably don't want 
them to send me ActiveX, or executable attachments, or cookies, or "big" mails, 
or (possibly malicious) scripting, and things of that sort.  I don't want 
obscured/misrepresented hyperlinks that are supposed to look like 
http://confirm.sunbank.com but which in fact point to some rogue system in China 
or Romania.  

Content filters can do a pretty decent job of detecting patterns in E-mail text, 
IF there is in fact text there to analyze.  Text-as-image, decrypting text, and 
so forth are among the tricks that spammers use to confound and evade content 
filters;  the solution to those evasions is simple... the presence of the 
evasion trick is itself prima facie evidence that the message IS IN FACT spam 
(and especially after you've had the ability to make exceptions for trusted 
senders who you might EXPECT to send you stuff of a particular kind).

Gordon Peterson                  http://personal.terabites.com/
1977-2002  Twenty-fifth anniversary year of Local Area Networking!
Support free and fair US elections!  http://stickers.defend-democracy.org
12/19/98: Partisan Republicans scornfully ignore the voters they "represent".
12/09/00: the date the Republican Party took down democracy in America.



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From: Stephane Bortzmeyer <bortzmeyer@nic.fr>
To: Michael Kaplan <mkaplansolution@lycos.com>
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On Sun, Dec 05, 2004 at 10:31:21AM -0500,
 Michael Kaplan <mkaplansolution@lycos.com> wrote 
 a message of 25 lines which said:

> To my knowledge this system is unique.

It is almost identical to SpamKiss:

http://www.spamkiss.com/

and it shares the same problems.


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From: "Peter J. Holzer" <hjp-asrg@hjp.at>
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Please critique my anti-spam system
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On 2004-12-05 12:20:42 -0500, Michael Kaplan wrote:
> From: "Seth Breidbart" <sethb@panix.com>
> Date: Sun, 5 Dec 2004 11:49:27 -0500 (EST)
>=20
> > "Michael Kaplan" <mkaplansolution@lycos.com> top-posted:
> >=20
> > > 2 - Innocent victims can only be sent bounces if spammers know their
> > > address to begin with, and if you use this system then spammers
> > > can't forge your address.  It would also be a simple matter for a
> > > email service provider to filter out this bounces if the user did
> > > not initiate a email to the corresponding address.
> >=20
> > So two people using your system could never communicate.
>=20
> I thought that the issue that you were bringing up was the following:
> A spammer forges your address and sends out a million pieces of spam
> and you subsequently get an enormous number of bounces as per my
> system.=20
> I suggest that this won't be an issue as your email service provider
> will only allow you to receive one of these special bounces if you had
> just sent out the corresponding email.

This is - to the best of my knowledge - not standard behaviour among
email service providers today.=20

So in effect you are saying: "Sure, my system will annoy almost
everybody today, but if they adopt my system or start filtering bounces,
they won't be bothered any more."

	hp

--=20
   _  | Peter J. Holzer    | Je h=F6her der Norden, desto weniger wird
|_|_) | Sysadmin WSR       | =FCberhaupt gesprochen, also auch kein Dialekt.
| |   | hjp@hjp.at         | Hallig Gr=F6de ist fast g=E4nzlich dialektfrei.
__/   | http://www.hjp.at/ |   -- Hannes Petersen in desd

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> > Billions of spam are sent each day and the problem is getting=20
> > worse. I believe that this system will profoundly decrease email=20
> > traffic by
> > eliminating spam.  In time as spam is controlled the number of bounces
> > will decrease.
>=20
> The response of spammers to better blocks and filters has been to send
> more spam. If I want to ensure that 100 user get my spam, and a 90%
> effective filter is commonly used, then I send out 1000 messages. If the
> filter is 99% effective, I send out 10000.

This is not a content filter.  If the spammer doesn't have your email addre=
ss then the spammer can't send you spam.  There is no reason for the spamme=
r to increase the spam load.  Sending spam to a very effective filter is no=
t futile.  Sending spam to a non-existent address is completely futile so t=
he spammer will stop doing it.

> >
> > The text in these bounces is generic.  An email service provider can al=
ter
> > the content of the message to a generic Chinese message if the user
> > wishes.  The instructions for the CAPTCHA can be created in a hundred
> > different languages - the user can decide which one to see.
>=20
> How do I know which language my sender will prefer? Particularly if the
> sender is a new correspondent. If I set my system up to send out such
> bounces in say, Hindi, and you don't understand it at all, how would
> that situation be handled?

The text in these bounces is generic.  My email provider can recognize one =
of these generic bounces and substitute the generic Hindi message with an i=
denticle generic English message.  I'm sure that others can think of other =
similar ways to handle this situation.=20=20

Even if this process did not happen then I doubt it would be a big problem.=
  If your system sends out bounces in Hindi then whoever is trying to corre=
spond with you also likely speaks Hindi.  People who cannot read each other=
s language at all rarely correspond via email.


Michael Kaplan
--=20
_______________________________________________
Find what you are looking for with the Lycos Yellow Pages
http://r.lycos.com/r/yp_emailfooter/http://yellowpages.lycos.com/default.as=
p?SRC=3Dlycos10


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From: "Michael Kaplan" <mkaplansolution@lycos.com>
To: "Stephane Bortzmeyer" <bortzmeyer@nic.fr>
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Subject: [Asrg] Re: Please critique my anti-spam system
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>=20
> > To my knowledge this system is unique.
>=20
> It is almost identical to SpamKiss:
>=20
> http://www.spamkiss.com/
>=20
> and it shares the same problems.

I strongly disagree.  Spamkiss appears to be almost identical to www.Zoemai=
l.com.  I already contrast my system with Zoemail.  With Spamkiss acquiring=
 a new sub-address (or "token") is cumbersome.  It is also very easy to aut=
omate a bot to request new "tokens" from spamkiss.  My CAPTCHA is extraordi=
narily resistant to bots, and senders who do not use a proper sub-address a=
re instantly sent the sub-address within a CAPTCHA (this is infinitely more=
 convenient of course).

Michael G. Kaplan
--=20
_______________________________________________
Find what you are looking for with the Lycos Yellow Pages
http://r.lycos.com/r/yp_emailfooter/http://yellowpages.lycos.com/default.as=
p?SRC=3Dlycos10


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Date: Mon, 6 Dec 2004 02:21:20 +0800
From: M Z R <mzrahman@gmail.com>
To: Devdas Bhagat <devdas@dvb.homelinux.org>, asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] SMTP AUTH
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On Sun, 5 Dec 2004 22:38:19 +0530, Devdas Bhagat
<devdas@dvb.homelinux.org> wrote:
> On 05/12/04 16:50 +0000, gep2@terabites.com wrote:
[snip]
> > GOING TO BE SENDING YOUR OUTGOING E-MAIL MESSAGE.  That notwithstanding,
> > OBVIOUSLY you would STILL want to use "your" own E-mail address as the sender!
> 
> Ouch. CAPS!
> Let me see, you have an IP conection, presumably connected to the
> Internet. You should be able to access the submission port to send your
> mail via your mail server. You just might not be able to use port 25/tcp
> there.

Actually, there are some cases where submission port (587) also cannot
be used. For example, my personal experience in McDonalds Free WiFi in
Singapore. I tried using my SMTP AUTH server, but they 'hijack' all
SMTP related traffic and send it through their own gateway.

Regards,

MZR

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From asrg-bounces@ietf.org  Sun Dec  5 13:39:05 2004
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Please critique my anti-spam system
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Hello, there is a standardized reply form out there for these sorts of 
things, but I couldn't find it right away.

Anyway, I see several problems with this:

- the sub-address doesn't add anything, it's no different than making up a 
new email address

- without using this system, you can already set up an autoresponder on old 
addresses to let people know where to find you

- I don't like that you're supposed to spam everyone you know and they're 
supposed to immediately drop everything and go change you in their address 
book (and this expects that grandmothers that are just getting the hang of 
their AOL will be able to figure this out or even understand what this all 
means).

- white listing is nothing new

- challenge/response is nothing new

- if you want to not burden your friends with an initial challenge.. 
instead of spamming them to change the email address they have for you 
(still a burden) then why not add everyone in your address book to the 
"already passed the challenge procedure" list ?

- CAPTCHA assumes everyone using this system speaks English.

- As soon as a spammer starts getting CAPTCHA responses, they will fire 
these off to a sweatshop in China or India to have them solved, then they 
will have live, valid e-mail address, with complete sub-address, that they 
can now sell to other spammers at a premium.

- Nobody's going to upgrade their own SMTP servers to process bounces from 
every anti-spam system out there.

So, this is just plain old challenge response, with a CAPTCHA (the actual 
mechanism of the CAPTCHA is irrelevant), with the added bonus of spamming 
all your friends on a regular basis and expecting them to perform extra 
work to keep up with your latest e-mail address.

Let's say I send out 2 inquiries to sales departments about buying 
something.  If one of them sent back this CAPTCHA thing, I probably 
wouldn't even bother jumping through all the hoops, I'd just go buy from 
the other place.  The moral of this story is, this system can't be used by 
anyone who places any sort of value on receiving email from non-spammers.

  - Matt


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From: "Michael Kaplan" <mkaplansolution@lycos.com>
To: "Matt Schneider" <matt@spamhaus.org>
Date: Sun, 05 Dec 2004 14:21:41 -0500
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Please critique my anti-spam system
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----- Original Message -----
From: "Matt Schneider" <matt@spamhaus.org>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Please critique my anti-spam system
Date: Sun,  5 Dec 2004 18:28:10 +0000 (GMT)

Almost every criticism you have is answered in my article, but I will repea=
t the points.

>=20
>=20
> Hello, there is a standardized reply form out there for these sorts=20
> of things, but I couldn't find it right away.
>=20
> Anyway, I see several problems with this:
>=20
> - the sub-address doesn't add anything, it's no different than=20
> making up a new email address

If you made up a new email address then people who use your old address can=
not contact you.  With my system you never fear losing contact because of a=
n address change.

> - without using this system, you can already set up an=20
> autoresponder on old addresses to let people know where to find you

A spammer could easily harvest your new adddress from the autoresponder.  S=
pammers don't bother since so few people do this now.  My system is designe=
d to be used by a billion people and still remain secure.


> - I don't like that you're supposed to spam everyone you know and=20
> they're supposed to immediately drop everything and go change you=20
> in their address book (and this expects that grandmothers that are=20
> just getting the hang of their AOL will be able to figure this out=20
> or even understand what this all means).

Each individual can decide for themselves whether to activate this system o=
r not.  I assume you are talking about what happens the first time someone =
activates this system.  Everyone on your contact list is sent your new emai=
l address, but you can elect not to have this initial mass mailing.  Rememb=
er, these people are white listed so their emails will get through even wit=
hout a sub-address.  Grandma can send you email using your old address, she=
'll just be sent a reminder to update her address when she sends you an ema=
il without a sub-address.

> - white listing is nothing new

Whitelisting in this context is completely new.=20=20


> - challenge/response is nothing new

This is not challenge/response, this is far superior.  I clearly contrast t=
hese two systems in my article.

> - if you want to not burden your friends with an initial=20
> challenge.. instead of spamming them to change the email address=20
> they have for you (still a burden) then why not add everyone in=20
> your address book to the "already passed the challenge procedure"=20
> list ?

The only people who ever need to decode a CAPTCHA are people who are not us=
ing a valid sub-ddress and who are not on the white list.=20=20


> - CAPTCHA assumes everyone using this system speaks English.

My CAPTCHA usuable across all languages.  People almost always communicate =
via email with people who can read the same language.  Correspond with some=
one who has Chinese as their default language and the instructions for the =
CAPTCHA will be in Chinese.  There are additional logical ways that the lan=
guage issue will be addressed.

> - As soon as a spammer starts getting CAPTCHA responses, they will=20
> fire these off to a sweatshop in China or India to have them=20
> solved, then they will have live, valid e-mail address, with=20
> complete sub-address, that they can now sell to other spammers at a=20
> premium.

See the second yellow highlighted text block in my article to understand wh=
y this is not feasible.

> - Nobody's going to upgrade their own SMTP servers to process=20
> bounces from every anti-spam system out there.

No upgrade is needed.  The upgrade I proposed was for convenience.  Servers=
 today are already fully compatible with my system.


>=20
> Let's say I send out 2 inquiries to sales departments about buying=20
> something.  If one of them sent back this CAPTCHA thing, I probably=20
> wouldn't even bother jumping through all the hoops, I'd just go buy=20
> from the other place.  The moral of this story is, this system=20
> can't be used by anyone who places any sort of value on receiving=20
> email from non-spammers.

I highly doubt that a sales department would routinely distribute an email =
address with a deactivated sub-address.  Remember, my system intergrates pe=
rfectly into the current email system.  Traditional email addresses will st=
ill function, and an email address with a valid sub-address will function e=
xactly like an ordinary email address.

Michael G. Kaplan

P.S.  Can someone let me know the proper way to respond to these emails.  I=
've been hitting reply and then I've CC'd asrg@ietf.org but when I do this =
I notice when I got to the discussion board archive thread index that you c=
an't tell which email I'm responding to.

--=20
_______________________________________________
Find what you are looking for with the Lycos Yellow Pages
http://r.lycos.com/r/yp_emailfooter/http://yellowpages.lycos.com/default.as=
p?SRC=3Dlycos10


_______________________________________________
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https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg


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Ah, the Internet's promise of global interconnectivity in all its glory.
This kind of SMTP breakage is widespread (and not limited to SMTP) due to
the (ab)use of NAT as a means of firewalling and/or quarantine.  The only
thing you can (generally) count on is that port 443 will be open and
unproxied.

The more we talk about SMTP submission, the more I like web-based MUAs.
SMTP should probably just be replaced with an XML-based web service.  Absent
that, all we can do is try to impose some accountability for the identities
used in an SMTP submission.  Among the mechanisms for doing just that are
SMTP authentication, SPF, DomainKeys, and their ilk.

After that, it's a matter of content filtering (if one considers the
accountable sending party a contextual factor).  In most cases, I think
content filtering will have to become more personalized to the individual
recipient.  That is to say that one could greatly improve the end user
experience by infusing the communal notions of desirability (e.g. RBLs,
Brightmail) with unique personal knowledge (e.g. to whom have I already sent
email?).

Tripp
----- Original Message ----- 
From: "M Z R" <mzrahman@gmail.com>
To: "Devdas Bhagat" <devdas@dvb.homelinux.org>; <asrg@ietf.org>
Sent: Sunday, December 05, 2004 1:21 PM
Subject: Re: [Asrg] SMTP AUTH


> Actually, there are some cases where submission port (587) also cannot
> be used. For example, my personal experience in McDonalds Free WiFi in
> Singapore. I tried using my SMTP AUTH server, but they 'hijack' all
> SMTP related traffic and send it through their own gateway.


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Date: Sun, 5 Dec 2004 14:54:03 -0500
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From: Bill Cole <asrg2@billmail.scconsult.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Please critique my anti-spam system
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At 12:53 PM -0500 12/5/04, Michael Kaplan wrote:
>>  > Billions of spam are sent each day and the problem is getting
>>  > worse. I believe that this system will profoundly decrease email
>>  > traffic by
>>  > eliminating spam.  In time as spam is controlled the number of bounces
>>  > will decrease.
>>
>>  The response of spammers to better blocks and filters has been to send
>>  more spam. If I want to ensure that 100 user get my spam, and a 90%
>>  effective filter is commonly used, then I send out 1000 messages. If the
>>  filter is 99% effective, I send out 10000.
>
>This is not a content filter.  If the spammer doesn't have your
>email address then the spammer can't send you spam.  There is no
>reason for the spammer to increase the spam load.  Sending spam to a
>very effective filter is not futile.  Sending spam to a non-existent
>address is completely futile so the spammer will stop doing it.

That statement conflicts with available hard evidence. I have a list 
of just under a dozen addresses under scconsult.com which have not 
existed for various periods between 6 years and forever, yet which 
all are offered mail at least daily. I have never accepted mail for 
bogus addresses in SMTP, so for all of these addresses, all the mail 
aimed at them while they have been dead (and all mail ever aimed at 
the ones that never existed) has been refused. For all of those 
addresses, the rate of mail rejection over the past 18 months has 
risen steadily.

>>  > The text in these bounces is generic.  An email service provider can alter
>>  > the content of the message to a generic Chinese message if the user
>>  > wishes.  The instructions for the CAPTCHA can be created in a hundred
>>  > different languages - the user can decide which one to see.
>>
>>  How do I know which language my sender will prefer? Particularly if the
>>  sender is a new correspondent. If I set my system up to send out such
>>  bounces in say, Hindi, and you don't understand it at all, how would
>>  that situation be handled?
>
>The text in these bounces is generic. My email provider can
>recognize one of these generic bounces and substitute the generic
>Hindi message with an identicle generic English message.

That is a radical concept. It is not consistent with the way any 
significant fraction of the real mail system operators deal today 
with any bounces. You are waving off a very serious problem by 
hand-waving a profound change in how mail systems are run, in an area 
where there is a long record of everyone doing their own thing and 
ignoring standards out of ego and spite.

>  I'm sure
>that others can think of other similar ways to handle this situation.

That's a poor response to a serious critique. If you can't think up a 
real way to handle a real problem with your proposal, why ask for a 
critique?

>Even if this process did not happen then I doubt it would be a big
>problem.  If your system sends out bounces in Hindi then whoever is
>trying to correspond with you also likely speaks Hindi.  People who
>cannot read each others language at all rarely correspond via email.

That's a remarkably naive response. It's also very much factually 
incorrect. The Hindi example is a very good one, given the nature of 
linguistic variety in India.

Consider this: well over half the spam that makes it past the 
protections I have in place at the network and SMTP levels is encoded 
in ways that are not anywhere near downward compatible to US-ASCII. 
IOW: not only is that mail in a different language than the English I 
speak, it uses a different alphabet than anything I speak or can 
usefully piece together from a weak knowledge of a handful of 
European languages. All of that mail arrives with an envelope sender 
whose domain part resolves in such a way that I could try to bounce 
it, but most arrives with a different From header, indicating a 
strong chance one or the other is forged. If I accept and then bounce 
all that mail I can't hope to read (some of which could be non-spam 
from people who expect me to read their language, I suppose...) I 
would be building bounces in English in response to mail which is not 
in English, and sending them to addresses that may or may not be the 
actual senders of the mail and so may or may not understand the 
bounce and/or the original mail.

Note that after accounting for subscribed mailing lists like this 
one, the mail that I cannot hope to decipher outnumbers my legitimate 
mail from unknown strangers by a few orders of magnitude. That is a 
common situation, and one that  is related to the core flaw in all 
C/R anti-spam systems: what happens to the spam that arrives is as 
important as what happens to the non-spam, and what happens to spam 
splatters innocent third parties.


-- 
Bill Cole
bill@scconsult.com


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Date: Sun, 05 Dec 2004 21:04:37 +0100
From: Reinhold Jordan <reinhold@bachrain.de>
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Hi,

> http://home.nyc.rr.com/spamsolution/An%20Effective%20Solution%20for%20Spam.htm

ok. Do I have to treat every person, who send me mail, to answer
this CAPTCHA? E. g. my boss?! What is about mailing-lists, newsletters,
business cards?

Regards, Reinhold

-- 
                         Reinhold Jordan
WWW: http://reinhold.bachrain.de         Mail: reinhold@bachrain.de
qmail-spam-protection with intelligent-greylisting, reverse-smtp...
qmail.spamfilter.041129.017.tar.bz2 actual rejects 99.78% of spam!!

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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Please critique my anti-spam system
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I've been thinking a bit more recently about schemes like this, and they 
generally revolve around the practice of giving the recipient some kind of 
unique namespace and permitting them to create as many names within that 
space as they wish.  This creates the potential, but not the necessity, for 
the recipient to use one-time or disposable email addresses.  The most 
common suggestion in this realm is to use context indicators in the local 
part of an otherwise static local part.  For example, I might subscribe to 
mailing lists as tripp+lista@corp.earthlink.net, 
tripp+listb@corp.earthlink.net, etc.

Another approach I personally have been using more recently is this: give a 
single recipient a domain and deliver email to any address within that 
domain to the user.  If anyaddress@personaldomain.name is valid, the user 
quickly becomes trained to reject any incoming messages that aren't part of 
a known context.  At the same time, the recipient can use the context 
provided on all messages accepted to get visibility into how the sender 
obtained permission to communicate with them.  This has the benefits of 
challenge-response, but completely eliminates the need for challenges.  The 
only address I have is one I've given out, and those are generally dedicated 
to a specific context.  If you try to contact me within a fabricated 
context, I won't entertain it.

So, I start off with a clean slate with personaldomain.name.  I registered 
the domain with godaddy.com, so I tell them to contact me at 
godaddy.com@personaldomain.name.  I tell my mom that my email address is 
mom@personaldomain.name, Google uses google@personaldomain.name, ASRG uses 
asrg@personaldomain.name, etc.   At a point of critical mass, spammers would 
start social engineering and spam everyone at yahoo@personaldomain.name, 
assuming a majority of folks have a relationship with Yahoo.

When that happens, the user would just have to set a new context with that 
sender by changing their email address.  Fortunately, this does not impact 
any of the other senders with whom the user has established a communication 
context.  In this case, you could tell yahoo to use 
$0m#!p4$5w0rd.yahoo.com@personaldomain.name if you wanted to get really 
obscure about it.

Generally speaking, this is sort of a shared-secret approach with a unique 
context for each relationship.  The pain factor for both the sender and 
receiver to change the shared-secret is very low, because each sender has a 
unique shared-secret and the recipient can grant and revoke them at will. 
The pain factor for the spammer is high.  They have to find a valid context 
the recipient is willing to accept, and if they violate his or her concept 
of appropriate use of that context, they will find the context quickly 
revoked.

You don't need CAPTCHA to do this, and you don't have to bounce mail sent 
within an unknown or revoked context.  It is deliverable; the user just 
refuses to accept it.

----- Original Message ----- 
From: "Michael Kaplan" <mkaplansolution@lycos.com>
To: "Matt Schneider" <matt@spamhaus.org>
Cc: <asrg@ietf.org>
Sent: Sunday, December 05, 2004 2:21 PM
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Please critique my anti-spam system

Whitelisting in this context is completely new.

> - challenge/response is nothing new

This is not challenge/response, this is far superior.  I clearly contrast 
these two systems in my article.

> - if you want to not burden your friends with an initial
> challenge.. instead of spamming them to change the email address
> they have for you (still a burden) then why not add everyone in
> your address book to the "already passed the challenge procedure"
> list ?

The only people who ever need to decode a CAPTCHA are people who are not 
using a valid sub-ddress and who are not on the white list.

> - CAPTCHA assumes everyone using this system speaks English.

My CAPTCHA usuable across all languages.  People almost always communicate 
via email with people who can read the same language.  Correspond with 
someone who has Chinese as their default language and the instructions for 
the CAPTCHA will be in Chinese.  There are additional logical ways that the 
language issue will be addressed.


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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Please critique my anti-spam system
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> I have developed a system to eliminate spam.  [...] I would
> appreciate any criticism you might have, [...]

> http://home.nyc.rr.com/spamsolution/An%20Effective%20Solution%20for%20Spam.htm

It has most of the problems of C/R; in particular, early adopters will
end up spamming everyone whose address is forged into spam to them,
just like approximately all C/R systems in use today.  (This is
unavoidable by any system which sends challenges to new
correspondents.)

You claim it doesn't suffer from the problems endemic to C/R because
you "distribute a fully functional email address".  In that case,
spammers harvest a fully functional email address and spam it.
(Whether they harvest it from a webpage or from a correspondent's
address book or whatever is more or less irrelevant.)  It may go away
the next morning when you wake up to a mailbox full of spam, but your
next address is then promptly harvested from your webpage and spammed.
And $DEITIES help you if you put an address on your business card and
it gets scraped from someone's address book; all of a sudden all your
business cards are worthless (or almost), because they no longer
contain a "fully functional email address".

As described, it is completely unusable for the blind, and will not be
as effective at defeating bots as you think - there is some very good
work being done on extracting shape from images, and with synthetic
images such as you describe it becomes duck soup.  (It will defeat
current bots; if it becomes widespread enough to bother, bots will
arise that can defeat it.)  You dismiss the problem of the blind by
suggesting the hire someone to do the work, but you give no reasons why
spammers cannot invest in the same "trifling expense".

The system is completely broken at dealing with correspondents that do
not understand the language the challenge is in (either the text itself
or the picture-part labels).

You are apparently unaware of the work being done to get people to
decode such images by offering them free porn.

Your technique demands fairly drastic changes to outgoing mail
handling.

You take no account of the psychological pressures against C/R.  I
almost always reflexively ditch C/R challenges, and I know I am far
from the only one.

You do not describe any experience with implementations of your system;
your "case studies" appear to be entirely fictional.  Indeed, you give
no reason to think there _are_ any implementations.  No matter how good
it sounds, I am not impressed by vapourware, especially when it has all
the above problems.

/~\ The ASCII				der Mouse
\ / Ribbon Campaign
 X  Against HTML	       mouse@rodents.montreal.qc.ca
/ \ Email!	     7D C8 61 52 5D E7 2D 39  4E F1 31 3E E8 B3 27 4B

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From: Devdas Bhagat <devdas@dvb.homelinux.org>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Please critique my anti-spam system
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On 05/12/04 15:07 -0500, Tripp Cox wrote:
> I've been thinking a bit more recently about schemes like this, and they 
> generally revolve around the practice of giving the recipient some kind of 
> unique namespace and permitting them to create as many names within that 
> space as they wish.  This creates the potential, but not the necessity, for 
> the recipient to use one-time or disposable email addresses.  The most 
> common suggestion in this realm is to use context indicators in the local 
> part of an otherwise static local part.  For example, I might subscribe to 
> mailing lists as tripp+lista@corp.earthlink.net, 
> tripp+listb@corp.earthlink.net, etc.
> 
> Another approach I personally have been using more recently is this: give a 
> single recipient a domain and deliver email to any address within that 
> domain to the user.  If anyaddress@personaldomain.name is valid, the user 
> quickly becomes trained to reject any incoming messages that aren't part of 

This isn't really all that useful. While the first suggestion of using
plussed addresses is good, it doesn't really prevent spam from hitting
the mailbox. What it does offer is a whitelistable set of addresses
within the namespace of a single mailbox.

Instead of having a catchall, a better technique is to make it really
easy for the user to be able to create such mail addresses. However, in
scenarios where the user uses their ISP address instead of using a
vanity/personal domain, this would not work. For such cases, it might be
useful to allow the user to specify a list of valid plussed addresses
they wish to accept mail for.

For example,
devdas+asrg@dvb.homelinux.org would be a legitimate address, but
devdas+foo@dvb.homelinux.org would not. 

Now all that is needed is an easy way for the user to manipulate the list 
of valid extensions. However, this leads to problems about mail sent to
the parent address, devdas@dvb.homelinux.org in the above example. 
Also, MUAs will need to be updated to allow for automagic addition of
plussed addresses into the From: header and/or reply to.

<snip>
> Generally speaking, this is sort of a shared-secret approach with a unique 
> context for each relationship.  The pain factor for both the sender and 
> receiver to change the shared-secret is very low, because each sender has a 
> unique shared-secret and the recipient can grant and revoke them at will. 
> The pain factor for the spammer is high.  They have to find a valid context 
> the recipient is willing to accept, and if they violate his or her concept 
> of appropriate use of that context, they will find the context quickly 
> revoked.

Both these assume that the recipient user is competent and will follow the
rules. That assumption has repeatedly been proven false. There is simply
too much work involved in these cases for this to become popular with J.
Random user of Hotmail, or Yahoo, or mail.com.

Devdas Bhagat

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As I see it, there are multiple scenarios where we need to solve the
spam problem.

1> The ISP hosting mail for a large number of users under a single
namespace.
2> The ISP hosting mail for a number of users under different
namespaces on the same systems.
3> The single user with a vanity domain, hosted on a home system.
4> The single user using an ISPs email service.
5> A corporate mailbox which needs to service a large number of external
senders (eg sales@).
6> A corporate mailbox which does not need to service a large number of
external senders (eg foo@example.com)
7> Role accounts like abuse and postmaster, which need to accept all the
crap that is thrown at them.

Each of these has different requirements and needs different solutions.

Maybe we need to try and figure out appropriate solutions for each of
these classes instead of trying to get a one size fits all solution?

Even the opponents of spam have different goals
1> Stop the spam from being in the inbox, but not miss any legitimate
mail.
2> Stop the spam on the mailserver, but not lose any legitimate mail
regardless of how much spam is let through.
3> Stop the spam on the mailserver, but a few non spam mails getting
rejected is perfectly acceptable.
4> Stop the spam from being sent in the first place.

Each of those has different techniques, and should be handled by a
different method (one method doing one small job well).

If we can start by creating a matrix of the requirement and solution
classes, we should be able to get the antispam proposals slotted into
the matrix, and see whether they can solve that particular problem
correctly.

Please add/clarify scenarios, so that a set of problem spaces can be
defined.

Devdas Bhagat

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----- Original Message -----
From: "Bill Cole" <asrg2@billmail.scconsult.com>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Please critique my anti-spam system
Date: Sun, 5 Dec 2004 14:54:03 -0500

>=20
> At 12:53 PM -0500 12/5/04, Michael Kaplan wrote:
> >>  > Billions of spam are sent each day and the problem is getting
> >>  > worse. I believe that this system will profoundly decrease email
> >>  > traffic by
> >>  > eliminating spam.  In time as spam is controlled the number of boun=
ces
> >>  > will decrease.
> >>
> >>  The response of spammers to better blocks and filters has been to send
> >>  more spam. If I want to ensure that 100 user get my spam, and a 90%
> >>  effective filter is commonly used, then I send out 1000 messages. If =
the
> >>  filter is 99% effective, I send out 10000.
> >
> > This is not a content filter.  If the spammer doesn't have your
> > email address then the spammer can't send you spam.  There is no
> > reason for the spammer to increase the spam load.  Sending spam to a
> > very effective filter is not futile.  Sending spam to a non-existent
> > address is completely futile so the spammer will stop doing it.
>=20
> That statement conflicts with available hard evidence. I have a=20
> list of just under a dozen addresses under scconsult.com which have=20
> not existed for various periods between 6 years and forever, yet=20
> which all are offered mail at least daily. I have never accepted=20
> mail for bogus addresses in SMTP, so for all of these addresses,=20
> all the mail aimed at them while they have been dead (and all mail=20
> ever aimed at the ones that never existed) has been refused. For=20
> all of those addresses, the rate of mail rejection over the past 18=20
> months has risen steadily.

I had imagined a scenario such as what would happen if AOL or some other la=
rge provider made this system standard.  Spammers already have a large boun=
ce rate and they still spam, but what would happened if more than 95% perce=
nt of the emails sent to AOL addresses started to bounce?  I suspect that a=
t this point there would be a financial incentive for spammers to weed out =
the invalid addresses.  I have read articles how many big time spammers alr=
eady routinely weed out invalid addresses, but I am unable to cite these ar=
ticles off-hand.  I accept that for now I am only able to make reasonable s=
peculation concerning this point.
=20
> >>  > The text in these bounces is generic.  An email service=20
> >> provider can alter
> >>  > the content of the message to a generic Chinese message if the user
> >>  > wishes.  The instructions for the CAPTCHA can be created in a hundr=
ed
> >>  > different languages - the user can decide which one to see.
> >>
> >>  How do I know which language my sender will prefer? Particularly if t=
he
> >>  sender is a new correspondent. If I set my system up to send out such
> >>  bounces in say, Hindi, and you don't understand it at all, how would
> >>  that situation be handled?
> >
> > The text in these bounces is generic. My email provider can
> > recognize one of these generic bounces and substitute the generic
> > Hindi message with an identicle generic English message.
>=20
> That is a radical concept. It is not consistent with the way any=20
> significant fraction of the real mail system operators deal today=20
> with any bounces. You are waving off a very serious problem by=20
> hand-waving a profound change in how mail systems are run, in an=20
> area where there is a long record of everyone doing their own thing=20
> and ignoring standards out of ego and spite.
>=20
> >  I'm sure
> > that others can think of other similar ways to handle this situation.
>=20
> That's a poor response to a serious critique. If you can't think up=20
> a real way to handle a real problem with your proposal, why ask for=20
> a critique?
>=20
> > Even if this process did not happen then I doubt it would be a big
> > problem.  If your system sends out bounces in Hindi then whoever is
> > trying to correspond with you also likely speaks Hindi.  People who
> > cannot read each others language at all rarely correspond via email.
>=20
> That's a remarkably naive response. It's also very much factually=20
> incorrect. The Hindi example is a very good one, given the nature=20
> of linguistic variety in India.
>=20
> Consider this: well over half the spam that makes it past the=20
> protections I have in place at the network and SMTP levels is=20
> encoded in ways that are not anywhere near downward compatible to=20
> US-ASCII. IOW: not only is that mail in a different language than=20
> the English I speak, it uses a different alphabet than anything I=20
> speak or can usefully piece together from a weak knowledge of a=20
> handful of European languages. All of that mail arrives with an=20
> envelope sender whose domain part resolves in such a way that I=20
> could try to bounce it, but most arrives with a different From=20
> header, indicating a strong chance one or the other is forged. If I=20
> accept and then bounce all that mail I can't hope to read (some of=20
> which could be non-spam from people who expect me to read their=20
> language, I suppose...) I would be building bounces in English in=20
> response to mail which is not in English, and sending them to=20
> addresses that may or may not be the actual senders of the mail and=20
> so may or may not understand the bounce and/or the original mail.

You are right, I should be more specific about how the language issue can b=
e resolved.  One common technique used on many websites is to include the i=
mage of many different international flags.  If one doesn't speak English t=
hen you can click on the flag of your nationality and a window would pop up=
 with translated contents of the bounce.

Every conceivable language would not be covered by this system, but it will=
 likely cover almost everyone who uses email.

If this system became common place then I can see how after a few years a S=
outh Korean email service provider could pass on these generic bounces in t=
he Korean language if the user designated in his account preferences that h=
e wanted this to be done.  Having this be done automatically would be a con=
venience, not a necessity.

The language issue is a valid criticism but it can be significantly mitigat=
ed.  If my system is otherwise sound and if it can truly eliminate almost a=
ll spam then I doubt that the language issue will be enough to disregard th=
e system.


> Note that after accounting for subscribed mailing lists like this=20
> one, the mail that I cannot hope to decipher outnumbers my=20
> legitimate mail from unknown strangers by a few orders of=20
> magnitude. That is a common situation, and one that  is related to=20
> the core flaw in all C/R anti-spam systems: what happens to the=20
> spam that arrives is as important as what happens to the non-spam,=20
> and what happens to spam splatters innocent third parties.

With my system you would never see any emails sent by strangers lacking leg=
itimate sub-addresses.

There seems to be some concern that this system will effectively 'Joe Job' =
innocent people.  I don't see the clear incentive for spammers to do this -=
 why not just use a forged address?  I don't personally know anyone who was=
 Joe jobbed.  Is this that common?  Also if spammers know your address then=
 you can solve the problem by activating my system and using a sub-address.

Thank you for your constructive comments.

Michael G. Kaplan
--=20
_______________________________________________
Find what you are looking for with the Lycos Yellow Pages
http://r.lycos.com/r/yp_emailfooter/http://yellowpages.lycos.com/default.as=
p?SRC=3Dlycos10


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To: "der Mouse" <mouse@Rodents.Montreal.QC.CA>
Date: Sun, 05 Dec 2004 16:28:27 -0500
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Please critique my anti-spam system
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----- Original Message -----
From: "der Mouse" <mouse@Rodents.Montreal.QC.CA>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Please critique my anti-spam system
Date: Sun, 5 Dec 2004 15:24:47 -0500 (EST)

>=20
> > I have developed a system to eliminate spam.  [...] I would
> > appreciate any criticism you might have, [...]
>=20
> > http://home.nyc.rr.com/spamsolution/An%20Effective%20Solution%20for%20S=
pam.htm
>=20
> It has most of the problems of C/R; in particular, early adopters will
> end up spamming everyone whose address is forged into spam to them,
> just like approximately all C/R systems in use today.  (This is
> unavoidable by any system which sends challenges to new
> correspondents.)
>=20
> You claim it doesn't suffer from the problems endemic to C/R because
> you "distribute a fully functional email address".  In that case,
> spammers harvest a fully functional email address and spam it.
> (Whether they harvest it from a webpage or from a correspondent's
> address book or whatever is more or less irrelevant.)  It may go away
> the next morning when you wake up to a mailbox full of spam, but your
> next address is then promptly harvested from your webpage and spammed.
> And $DEITIES help you if you put an address on your business card and
> it gets scraped from someone's address book; all of a sudden all your
> business cards are worthless (or almost), because they no longer
> contain a "fully functional email address".

You are right.  If you insist on keeping an active email address is easily =
harvestable form
on your webpage then this system can't help you in that respect.  This is a=
 problem that only
applies to a minority of people (though maybe not a minority of people who =
subscribe to the ASRG).

You can have a thousand different business cards printed up with a thousand=
 different valid
sub-addresses.  This may be too savvy for grandma but a business person sho=
uld be able to=20
deal with it.

> As described, it is completely unusable for the blind, and will not be
> as effective at defeating bots as you think - there is some very good
> work being done on extracting shape from images, and with synthetic
> images such as you describe it becomes duck soup.  (It will defeat
> current bots; if it becomes widespread enough to bother, bots will
> arise that can defeat it.)  You dismiss the problem of the blind by
> suggesting the hire someone to do the work, but you give no reasons why
> spammers cannot invest in the same "trifling expense".

I have no proof that my CAPTCHA can not be subverted, but I would be shocke=
d if it could.
Please see my example in the second yellow text box.



> You are apparently unaware of the work being done to get people to
> decode such images by offering them free porn.

Review the statement that I made immediately before I contrast my system wi=
th other anti-spam systems.


I addressed your other points in separate posts.


Thank you for your critique.

Michael G. Kaplan
--=20
_______________________________________________
Find what you are looking for with the Lycos Yellow Pages
http://r.lycos.com/r/yp_emailfooter/http://yellowpages.lycos.com/default.as=
p?SRC=3Dlycos10


_______________________________________________
Asrg mailing list
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https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg


From asrg-bounces@ietf.org  Sun Dec  5 17:02:44 2004
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Date: Sun, 5 Dec 2004 16:49:39 -0500
To: asrg@ietf.org
From: Bill Cole <asrg2@billmail.scconsult.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Please critique my anti-spam system
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At 4:04 PM -0500 12/5/04, Michael Kaplan  imposed structure on a 
stream of electrons, yielding:
[...]
>There seems to be some concern that this system will effectively
>'Joe Job' innocent people.  I don't see the clear incentive for
>spammers to do this - why not just use a forged address?

As a somewhat tangential note, I think 'joe job' is a bit overbroad 
in this context. Its origin was a very conscious, intentional, 
targeted, and successful attempt to smear a hosting provider who had 
kicked the particular spammer off of his service. That sort of attack 
is pretty rare.

What is very common is simple random forgery of working addresses. 
I'm not convinced that most spammers have thought this through well, 
but at this point I think most of them have figured out that the 
envelope sender's domain had best be resolvable to a plausible path 
for mail delivery, because it is very easy to reject mail without 
that. More recently some unwisely managed mail systems (such as 
Verizon's) have taken up the dangerous practice of blocking inbound 
SMTP sessions while they confirm that the offered envelope sender is 
acceptable to a machine that would have to accept mail for it. This 
sort of ill considered 'verification'  has led to an environment 
where using fully bogus addresses is somewhat less functional than 
using fully functional ones, but the last thing that the low-end 
spammers want to do is provide their own working addresses.

>I don't
>personally know anyone who was Joe jobbed.  Is this that common?

In the random forgery sense, it is extremely common. However, the way 
most forged-sender spam is send and rejected these days pretty well 
hides the extent of that problem from most users, because most of the 
spam that is rejected is rejected in SMTP at the exterior MX for the 
target domain, and only the spammer's own SMTP engine sees the 
rejection, not some real SMTP client that will bounce the rejected 
message. There are still a lot of exceptions to that in absolute 
numbers, but not so much that most people whose addresses have been 
forged will ever know about it.

The idea that ANY email address which is actually used can be kept 
secret from all spammers is fundamentally flawed. As long as people 
are dumb enough to use Windows and other people continue to mail 
them, email addresses will leak to spammers, because the low end of 
the spammer genus has effectively become one with the swarm of 
malware authors who prove daily how bad MS-ware really is.

>Also if spammers know your address then you can solve the problem by
>activating my system and using a sub-address.

There's no need to use a system with an intrinsically abusive C/R 
aspect and/or the text-hostile CAPTCHA model to use tagged addresses. 
For example, I'm on my 4th special address used only for posting to 
this mailing list. The prior 3 all  have had spam (and malware) 
directed at them as a result of what appear to be innocent fools 
reading this mailing list.

-- 
Bill Cole
bill@scconsult.com


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From: "Mark C. Langston" <mark@bitshift.org>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Please critique my anti-spam system
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On Sun, Dec 05, 2004 at 04:04:04PM -0500, Michael Kaplan wrote:
> 
> Every conceivable language would not be covered by this system, but it
> will likely cover almost everyone who uses email.
> 
> 

Not everyone uses HTML-capable MUAs, nor does everyone wish to receive
HTMLized email.  Further, clicking on links in email isn't necessarily a
habit that should be encouraged.

Personally, I think any error (bounce, reject, C/R, etc.) that requires
HTML or subsequent use of a web browser is a non-starter.

-- 
Mark C. Langston                                 The GOSSiP Project
mark@bitshift.org                  http://sufficiently-advanced.net
Factotum                                  Distributed, Peer-to-Peer
http://bitshift.org                        E-mail Reputation System

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----- Original Message ----- 
From: "der Mouse" <mouse@Rodents.Montreal.QC.CA>
To: <asrg@ietf.org>
Sent: Sunday, December 05, 2004 3:24 PM
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Please critique my anti-spam system


> And $DEITIES help you if you put an address on your business card and
> it gets scraped from someone's address book; all of a sudden all your
> business cards are worthless (or almost), because they no longer
> contain a "fully functional email address".

These types of social issues will not go away.  Giving someone your email 
address is like giving them a key to communicate with you.  What they do 
with that key is beyond your control.  That's why I think one great way for 
the privacy-minded person to handle this is to not give everyone the same 
"key."  If someone is using one of your keys in a way you don't like, just 
revoke it.  Other folks with different keys who are behaving are not 
affected.  The person who enabled your key to be used in a way you find 
displeasing can be roundly chastised and given a new key... or not.

Tripp 


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At 04:04 PM 12/5/2004 -0500, Michael Kaplan wrote:

>I had imagined a scenario such as what would happen if AOL or some other 
>large provider made this system standard.  Spammers already have a large 
>bounce rate and they still spam, but what would happened if more than 95% 
>percent of the emails sent to AOL addresses started to bounce?  I suspect 
>that at this point there would be a financial incentive for spammers to 
>weed out the invalid addresses.  I have read articles how many big time 
>spammers already routinely weed out invalid addresses, but I am unable to 
>cite these articles off-hand.  I accept that for now I am only able to 
>make reasonable speculation concerning this point.

(no, most spammers don't really care if an address is valid or not, it's 
easier for them to just pump out more spam in the hopes of hitting more 
valid ones eventually).

Except AOL, Hotmail, Yahoo, etc, all have their own proprietary systems and 
the very idea of a sub-address would not go over very well on these 
systems.  Sub-address for matt@AOL?  How about matt.sub@AOL?  Already 
taken?  matt.sub1.sub2@AOL then?  Now try explaining this to their 
customers.  And start paying for the support calls.

Also these large systems have no incentive to handle bounces from some 
non-standard system in a certain special way.

So, anybody running their own mailserver can throw up all kinds of barriers 
to receiving mail from normal people, spammers, whatever.  Your system 
might work great for people that want to use it, they can go sign up for a 
"captchamail.com" account and use web based email there.

But, you can't expect large providers to adopt any sort of system like 
this.  Maybe 1% of the population would be savvy enough to understand 
it.  On the other hand, if everyone in the world started using SBL+CBL, 
that would stop over 90% of the spam to everyone, immediately, with no 
effort and very few false positives.

The point is, I personally don't want to create any extra effort for myself 
or for my friends in trying to get e-mail to me.  If a few spams slip 
through, great.  But it's not worth me or my friends jumping through a 
bunch of extra hoops to avoid it.



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>> And $DEITIES help you if you put an address on your business card
>> and it gets scraped from someone's address book; all of a sudden all
>> your business cards are worthless (or almost), because they no
>> longer contain a "fully functional email address".
> You can have a thousand different business cards printed up with a
> thousand different valid sub-addresses.

I suggest you go price having such a thing done before you seriously
suggest it.  I've had cards printed up, and the per-run overhead cost
was, um, nontrivial.  (For example, having 500 cards printed was only
barely cheaper than doing 1000.  You are proposing, basically, doing a
thousand print runs each of size one.)

>> You are apparently unaware of the work being done to get people to
>> decode such images by offering them free porn.
> Review the statement that I made immediately before I contrast my
> system with other anti-spam systems.

Yes.  You have stated that this is not an issue, apparently under the
impression that it would result in only a "handful" of valid addresses.
I believe that statement is wrong.

Of course, none of this matters until we have a working implementation
to try out.

/~\ The ASCII				der Mouse
\ / Ribbon Campaign
 X  Against HTML	       mouse@rodents.montreal.qc.ca
/ \ Email!	     7D C8 61 52 5D E7 2D 39  4E F1 31 3E E8 B3 27 4B

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From asrg-bounces@ietf.org  Sun Dec  5 18:27:26 2004
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From: John Levine <asrg@johnlevine.com>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Per-correspondent addresses
In-Reply-To: <01b001c4db06$25f50d80$0a14140a@tclapxp>
Organization: I.E.C.C., Trumansburg NY USA
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>give a single recipient a domain and deliver email to any address
>within that domain to the user.  If anyaddress@personaldomain.name is
>valid, the user quickly becomes trained to reject any incoming
>messages that aren't part of a known context.  At the same time, the
>recipient can use the context provided on all messages accepted to
>get visibility into how the sender obtained permission to communicate
>with them.

This is an often-used technique, and it works well so long as you
don't have unrealistic expectations.  I registered johnlevine.com five
years ago and ever since then I've been using blah@johnlevine.com
addresses whenever I sign up on a web site for something.

For my other users who are less vain than I am, I've done per user
subdomains, so mail to blah@user.iecc.com turns into
user-blah@iecc.com which qmail handles via its normal subaddress
mechanism.  This was really easy, one line of wildcard DNS and about
two lines of mail script to translate the addresses.

This scheme has a variety of advantages.  When I sign up at a place
like nytimes.com that sends newsletters, I can route the newsletters
directly to an appropriate mailbox.  When I get mail from other
places, if the recipient address matches the sender, I have a strong
indication that it's legit.  (Often I think it's spam, then I see the
address and I remember why it's OK.)  If they don't match, I know who
leaked it.  If an address gets a lot of spam, I can turn it off or
reroute it to the spamtrap.

I don't find per user addresses useful for individual correspondents.
Partly that's because there's no reasonable way to tell each
correspondent to use a separate address, partly it's because
individual correspondents rarely leak addresses to spammers.  (They
may get viruses, but that's a separate problem.)

There have been a few projects to issue and handle unique addresses
automatically.  The best I know about is Reflexion,
http://www.reflexion.net/, which apparently has lots of happy users.

Regards,
John Levine, johnl@taugh.com, Taughannock Networks, Trumansburg NY
http://www.taugh.com



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	<20041206022614.A15223@evita.devdas.geek>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Please critique my anti-spam system
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----- Original Message ----- 
From: "Devdas Bhagat" <devdas@dvb.homelinux.org>
To: <asrg@ietf.org>
Sent: Sunday, December 05, 2004 3:56 PM
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Please critique my anti-spam system


> This isn't really all that useful.

Well, I've certainly found it useful, but let's explore. ;-)

> Instead of having a catchall, a better technique is to make it really
> easy for the user to be able to create such mail addresses. However, in
> scenarios where the user uses their ISP address instead of using a
> vanity/personal domain, this would not work. For such cases, it might be
> useful to allow the user to specify a list of valid plussed addresses
> they wish to accept mail for.
>
> For example,
> devdas+asrg@dvb.homelinux.org would be a legitimate address, but
> devdas+foo@dvb.homelinux.org would not.

Agreed.  We're talking about domains in the most general sense: unique 
namespaces.  You could apply this by using tertiary Internet domain names 
and/or modifcations to a single unique identifier for the recipient in the 
local part (e.g. user+foo).  Either way, there's a 1:1 destination to 
recipient ratio and a many-to-one address to recipient ratio.

In any case, the static part of the address is by definition a catchall. 
The only question is whether or not you do anything with the stuff that is 
addressed without a variable context.

Using Internet domain parlance:
goodguy1@domain -> tripp
goodguy2@domain -> tripp
*@domain -> /dev/null OR tripp w/ extra filtering

When all is said and done, this doesn't make it easier to separate desirable 
mail from undesirable mail.  What it does do is permit you to grant and 
revoke permissions using a token or "key."  This forces accountability on 
senders in the way they handle your email address, because unauthorized use 
of a key means that it has been compromised either by brute force (guessing) 
or by willful disclosure.  In either case, the penalty is swift, severe, and 
there is little collateral damage: revoke the priviliges for the variable 
part.  In today's completely static email address usage, revocation is a 
costly and burdensome process.

> Now all that is needed is an easy way for the user to manipulate the list
> of valid extensions. However, this leads to problems about mail sent to
> the parent address, devdas@dvb.homelinux.org in the above example.

What to do with that is a matter of personal choice.  I've started with a 
clean namespace and have chosen to ignore by default anything not bearing an 
authorized context.

> Also, MUAs will need to be updated to allow for automagic addition of
> plussed addresses into the From: header and/or reply to.

This is a very real hurdle to making a move in this direction.  One way to 
ease the transition could be to apply a default context to everything you 
send out.  This will enable you to distinguish between replies to 
communications you initiate and messages absent a valid context.  If your 
default context starts getting abused, you can revoke it and create a new 
one.

Let's say I used YYYY.mm as my context for outbound email.  If I revoke 
those after three months, they don't remain valid in perpetuity for the 
spammers to abuse.

> Both these assume that the recipient user is competent and will follow the
> rules. That assumption has repeatedly been proven false. There is simply
> too much work involved in these cases for this to become popular with J.
> Random user of Hotmail, or Yahoo, or mail.com.

Spam is a social problem.  Some amount of retraining is going to be required 
to eliminate the annoyance of spam.  Receivers need to be retrained to 
manage how they share their addresses.  Senders need to be retrained to 
respect the wishes of those who share their addresses with them.  If 
recipients and their trusted senders don't give addresses to spammers, the 
spammers are left playing an increasingly unwinnable guessing game.

Sure, we could do this without tokens or other forms of sender/receiver 
permission schemes.  One way to do that is to white list based on the 
sender's identity.  The shared secret in this case is often unknown to 
either party.  I know how to address you, but I don't know how to ensure 
delivery.  What we're talking about here is making the "how do I address 
you" and "how do I ensure delivery" the same.  We're essentially adding a 
password to our email address.  Well, an unlimited number of them at-will, 
and a kind that is easy to grant and revoke.

Keep in mind that this isn't for everyone.  I am of the opinion that Spam 
isn't a significant enough problem for most people that they'd be willing to 
change their behavior.  Challenge-response isn't for everyone, but it is 
damn effective.  It has the potential to be network unfriendly, which can be 
solved by using recipient tokens rather than sender addresses as the 
whitelist fodder.  Not that they need to be mutually exclusive, but you 
*could* eliminate challenges.  If someone knows how to address you, then 
they'll have a key of some type, if we use a recipient-bound variable 
context identifier.  The only question is whether or not you like it.

Tripp 


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Matthew Elvey wrote:

> SPF breaks MUCH MORE than is necessary to achive sender
> authorization and authentication.

That's not true.  SPF is simply a way to enumerate all IPs of
MTAs using HELO do.ma.in or MAIL FROM:<user@do.ma.in> while
talking to (one of) the MX of the receiver.  You can check it
there, or forget it, but don't try to check it behind your MX.

> A bigger problem is the ISP end-user support nightmare
> looming around the corner: the reconfiguration of every power
> user's MUA, since SPF breaks their current configuration.

How do you define "power user", direct-to-MX maybe ?  In that
case he has his own (e.g. DynDNS) domain with his own sender
policy.  Or without a sender policy but still his own domain.
(And he has an MX with a static IP, but that's another story).

> It's not going to happen.

Just watch while it's happening, worms and spammers daily forge
addresses of innocent bystanders, and everybody hit by the side
effects of these forgeries is an SPF addict within hours.  Bye.



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From: Laird Breyer <laird@lbreyer.com>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: "worm spam" and SPF
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On Dec 05 2004, gep2@terabites.com wrote:

>  But anyhow, the fact that they "don't follow standards properly"
> doesn't really affect my proposal one way or the other.  My proposal
> should still work, and one can set the filter as aggressive (or not)
> as is appropriate for their situation.

> What does "how they interpret ASCII" have to do with my proposal?

The problem in a nutshell is this: when your filter receives a mail
and analyses it to see if it contains prohibited content such as HTML
(to take an example), what criteria does it use? If the criteria are
different than those applied by the mail reading program downstream,
then there will be a discrepancy. Either the filter blocks mail when
it shouldn't (which is often called a false positive), or it doesn't
block some mails which will turn out to contain HTML (possibly
malicious) anyway.

There are some standards for when a mail contains HTML and when it
doesn't but they are often ignored by mail reading software, and often
ignored by spammers, and also ignored by legitimate senders depending on
how the programmers who wrote their mail programs interpreted the gray
areas in standards. 

So unless your filter uses the exact same heuristics about when a
message contains HTML and when it doesn't, there will be discrepancy
as above. Either you accept that there will be an amount of false
positives, or you accept that your users will see HTML content even
though your filter thought it only contained plain text.

The only sure way to protect users against HTML attachments is to
prohibit them from using mail software which displays HTML, so at
present if that is your goal for unknown mail, you would certainly
prohibit Outlook, OE, Lotus Notes, etc., and in the future you would
allow those programs if they guarantee to not display HTML, XHTML,
XML, flash, ActiveX, etc.

> It MIGHT have more to do with the proposed ASSOCIATED use of a good
> antispam content filter (like Spam Assassin) but my proposal really
> has only VERY limited need (itself) to interpret the contents of the
> E-mail, beyond looking at attachments and HTML tags.

What you perhaps don't realize is that an attachment marked plain text
but containing HTML tags is often displayed as HTML by mail reading
software anyway. Some software reads plain text, looking for anything that
resembles a web address and generates a clickable URL (thereby turning
the plain text into HTML). Some software accepts even malformed HTML
tags, which aren't considered HTML by any standards.

My point is that when you say "looking at attachments and HTML tags",
you are glossing over a difficult problem, because while ordinary
users tend to produce mail where attachment types and HTML are clear,
spammers purposefully make those aspects as hard to identify as they can,
by exploiting gray areas.

Moreover, you might not realize that SpamAssassin is bundled with 
bulk mail sending software precisely so that spammers can design their
emails against SpamAssassin and tweak them until they pass the tests
performed by SA, and only then start spamming. 

> > Furthermore, typical spam messages are 2-3K in length, well below
> > your proposed limit.

> Yes, and that causes NO problems for my approach.  I'm NOT proposing
> that SIZE be used to discriminate spam/nospam.  I *am* saying that,
> along with antispam/antivirus/antiworm goals, it ALSO makes sense
> that recipients be able to prevent abusively large messages from
> being sent to them (and perhaps chewing up their limited-size
> ISP-provided Inbox) from people they don't know and don't trust.
> (Limiting the size DOES, however, provide an additional way of
> controlling incoming worms (from untrusted/unknown senders), most of
> which are significantly larger than 25K).

You are proposing that size be used for discrimination. What you are not
doing is proposing that it be used exclusively. There are two avenues
for worms under your scheme. Worms can get smaller in size, or worms can
stay the same size and spread via trusted senders, by looking for 
regular correspondents in address books etc. Fifteen years ago viruses
were less than 1K in size, there is no reason beyond lazyness why worms
need to be around 25K. 

> Throughput is generally not a problem for spammers and virus
> authors, since they as a rule don't pay for it, or at least they pay
> for a vanishingly small percentage of the total bandwidth their
> actions cause to be consumed.

It is a problem. Once a spamming campaign is started, it's a race
against time before spam defences recognize and try to block the
campaign, so speed matters. Also, the spammer economy is
structured. Your typical spammer rents facilities from people who own
zombie armies, open relay lists, bulk mail sending software etc.  The
costs for spammers are not always negligible, and I expect they are in fact
as high as the market will bear.
 
>  It would be ENTIRELY possible to implement it entirely within an
> E-mail client (such as Outlook or Outlook Express for example) and
> wouldn't require ANY changes whatsoever from the ISPs or the wider
> Internet infrastructure at large... 

Sure. I'm not arguing you shouldn't implement it, I'm arguing that
the scheme isn't as foolproof as might be hoped. The devil is in the
details, because the high level concepts in which you describe the 
scheme do not map perfectly into the low level concepts required for 
implementation.

Some problems with whitelists: 

Once you've whitelisted all your friends and colleagues, you depend on
how good *their* spam defenses are. If they receive a worm, it can
travel to you freely. And worm writers realize this, so it is one of their
priorities.

If you have a finely grained scheme which requires giving permission
for all sorts of attachments on a case by case basis, you'll be investing
a lot of time into maintaining your rules and regulations, even if the
software can handle them in the blink of an eye. This depends on how much
and how varied your mail is (the problem is worst for customer service
type employees), but it's clearly a case of diminishing returns.

Do you intend to share whitelist data with colleagues? If so, how
does the software deal with conflicts?

Finally, what happens to the emails which are blocked by the whitelist?
Are they silently thrown away, do they collect in a folder which must
be checked periodically, do they pop up a message informing the user?
The last two schemes don't reduce the amount of work a user must do,
as each message must still be scanned. 

-- 
Laird Breyer.

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>> mobileSender@myDomain--AUTH--> myDomain SMTP--SPF,MTAMark etc---target SMTP
>  |__________________________________________|
> 
> 
> I truly don't understand why the types that keep hawking SMTP AUTH as the 
> solution JUST DON'T GET IT... how many times do we have to say this?
> 
> THE FACT IS THAT IF YOU ARE ON A CRUISE SHIP AT THEIR INTERNET CAFE, OR AT AN 
> AIRPORT WAITING LOUNGE INTERNET ACCESS KIOSK, (and many other public-access 
> situations) YOU MOST LIKELY HAVE *NO* CONTROL ABOUT WHAT SMTP MAIL SERVER IS 
> GOING TO BE SENDING YOUR OUTGOING E-MAIL MESSAGE.  That notwithstanding, 
> OBVIOUSLY you would STILL want to use "your" own E-mail address as the sender!

> Ouch. CAPS!

And STILL the message doesn't seem to get through...!!!

> Let me see, you have an IP conection, 

No, you do NOT.  You are talking as if you have a (your!) computer in front of 
you.

You have a MONITOR and a KEYBOARD, usually a mouse, including (perhaps) a 
PROPRIETARY E-mail composition program of some kind.  You can enter the To: 
address and a From: address, and you can type in your message.  That's just 
about IT!!!!

[Usually you also have a Web browser of some kind (although generally it's been 
heavily neutered) and (for our discussions here) we're talking about SMTP-type 
mail, not Web-based mail.]

> ...presumably connected to the Internet. 

For Web access, yes, obviously.  For E-mail access, that's much less guaranteed. 
(Usually outgoing E-mail is first handled by a local mail server on the ship, 
which itself might or might not have a full-time Internet connection.)

In any case, as a rule, you have NO control whatsoever of what SMTP server will 
be used, or indeed even what path your mail takes to (eventually) get off the 
ship.

> ...You should be able to access the submission port to send your
mail via your mail server. You just might not be able to use port 25/tcp
there.

Again, no.  You have (as a general rule) **NO** way whatsoever to specify which 
SMTP server will be used to process your mail.  You have a TO: address field, a 
FROM: address field, (maybe) CC: and BCC: fields, and a message compose window.

And a SEND button for when you're done.

That's basically ALL you have.

> SMTP AUTH solves the problem of being able to uniquely identify the
spamming user and allowing the ISP to terminate those accounts without
having to try and fiugre out which user had that IP at that time from
the DHCP logs.

That's fine, for cases where it's suitable.  Unfortunately, that does NOT 
include a LARGE number of cases.

And, of course, having Internet connectivity these days does NOT necessarily 
imply also getting "ISP services".

Another point you are ignoring is that (again) it DOES NOT ELIMINATE THE SPAM 
PROBLEM.  Okay, so (dear, elderly) Aunt Gertrude clicked where she shouldn't 
have, and now her machine is infected by a zombie spambot, and that spambot is 
cranking out (authenticated!) worms and spams.  So now what is her ISP going to 
do?  "Terminate her account"?  If we terminate the accounts of every clueless 
user who ever got a virus or worm onto their system, pretty soon there won't be 
ANYBODY left to send E-mails TO!  Do we electronically destroy Aunt Gertrude's 
"reputation" so nobody will accept her mails anymore?  And how do you eventually 
CORRECT that damage so her (now-cleaned, at least for the time being) system can 
send mails again?  Will she simply abandon the Net entirely, in frustration and 
anger?  

One of the neat things about my approach is that Aunt Gertrude's legitimate 
mail, EVEN WHILE SHE'S INFECTED, is still getting delivered just fine, because 
it LOOKS LIKE HER MAIL IS EXPECTED TO LOOK.  The stuff her parasite spambot is 
generating is getting T-canned, however, because it DOES NOT LOOK RIGHT, based 
on what I expect (and want!) to get from her.

Now, admittedly, my approach is primarily intended to protect-and-benefit THE 
RECIPIENT (and that makes a lot of sense, since the person who benefits the MOST 
from it is the person to install and adjust it) but nothing would preclude a 
corresponding filter from being put in place on ISP systems too (for cases where 
there ARE ISP systems involved!) which could establish comparable 
restrictions... for example, I don't send HTML-burdened E-mail, NEVER would send 
ActiveX HTML tags, and wouldn't ever send .CPL files or 180K-byte '.PIF' 
attachments.  And although I am a programmer and consultant, there are only a 
limited number of folks to which I would want to send an executable attachment 
(and I wouldn't PARTICULARLY mind needing to whitelist those folks before 
sending something like that).

And if Aunt Gertrude's ISP put into effect default limitations preventing her 
machine from sending (for example) executable attachments, or E-mails containing 
JavaScript, or other such suspicious stuff, I very much doubt that she would 
EVER be inconvenienced by those.  (But if her machine were to get worm-infected, 
it would surely block it from sending out such stuff, at least if using the 
ISP's mail server to do so!)

Gordon Peterson                  http://personal.terabites.com/
1977-2002  Twenty-fifth anniversary year of Local Area Networking!
Support free and fair US elections!  http://stickers.defend-democracy.org
12/19/98: Partisan Republicans scornfully ignore the voters they "represent".
12/09/00: the date the Republican Party took down democracy in America.



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>> OK, thanks.  :-)  It's pretty clear that my proposal really IS that simple, 
and really DOES go a LONG way to solving/reducing the problems of spams, worms, 
and viruses.

>> I *do* urge the use of a good antispam content filter IN CONJUNCTION WITH my 
proposal.  My proposal, however, *greatly* improves the efficacy of the content 
filter.

> Since your proposal can be usefully implemented on a small scale (unlike
SPF, which will only work if (almost) everybody uses it), a few
questions:

> 1) Have you implemented it? Is the implementation available?

I have implemented significant parts of it.  I haven't implemented more of it 
mainly because at the moment, the level of the problem that I personally have 
*here* is brought to a quite tolerable level (for now, at least) by the stuff I 
presently have in place.

I continue however to add more things to my incoming mail processing system, and 
some of those I would classify as "experimental".  Two recent additions are a 
pair of programs that I use to try to "immunize" me from recurring spam 
referencing known disreputable sites and domains.  

When spam does slip in past my present filters, I append it to a "spam.txt" 
file.  The first of these two recent additions locates, canonizes (basically, 
removing obfuscatory subdomains), and tallies domain names (and IP addresses) 
referenced in the spam E-mails.  These are deduped, sorted, and written to a 
file "spamdomn.txt" which I periodically can look at to see if I see "good" 
domains that got referenced somehow (the last good one was amazon.com, for 
example, which clearly I don't want blacklisted).

Once I've checked over the list in spamdomn.txt, the second of the two programs 
takes the file and adds the domains I wish to block (into the "right" places, 
based on various rules and conventions I've set) to the HOSTS file maintained 
and used by my mail server.  This essentially not only just blacklists the 
domain from E-mails, but prevents me (or other software on my system, with or 
without my permission) from accessing those disreputable domains, including 
using a Web browser (thus also blocking any popups, cookies, hyperlinks, 
embedded banner ads, or other such nuisances using those domains).  

My present E-mail processing system also blocks incoming E-mails which reference 
those "blacklisted", disreputable domains.

One change I'm going to add to my incoming mail processing system, for example, 
is to trash the spams which put the spam into the HTML part and where the 
text/alternative part of the message is just saying to "get a capable html 
mailer".  (AS IF!!!!!  :-) )

One of the things my current system here does is to simply discard *all* 
HTML-burdened alternative attachments in my incoming E-mails, and to furthermore 
eliminate a large percentage of any HTML tags that try to slip through in the 
"plain ASCII text" E-mail body as well.

> 2) Are you using it yourself? 

As I guess I just explained, I'm using some elements of the proposal, along with 
other proprietary filters and such (in part because I presently don't use a 
separate "premade" content filter ("Spam Assassin" or similar) so my system 
provides both functions, sort of...)

I hope I can be excused for not completing a full-blown, polished, 
ready-to-take-to-market professional application for my own, personal use.  (I 
*will* say for the record, though, that my present filter was architected 
internally with an eye to it being useful in a corporate setting, so it provides 
many of the hooks and internal structures to allow different users with multiple 
different POP3 servers and accounts (per user) and different mail accounts and 
different rules, etc etc).  So it WOULD be usable in a multiuser/multidepartment 
setting, with relatively little effort.  It presently runs as a background job 
on my Windows 2000 server, and accepts asynchronously issued commands (such as 
"exit", "reinitialize certain global tables", etc) issued from elsewhere on the 
network.  The system is primarily implemented in SPITBOL (a high-performance 
programming language with special talents for powerful pattern recognition and 
textual manipulation).

One of the features I'd class as "experimental" in my present system I'm using 
is a "gibberish detector" which is designed to detect and defeat spam that 
contains randomly generated gobbledygook (those spams designed to evade or 
defeat other "clever" types of adaptive filters).

My present system also identifies and removes most all cases of those annoying 
and repetitive "free mail provider" inline ads and such.  

> If so, how much much did it reduce the amount of spam, 

I don't really have good statistics on that, in part because it just hasn't been 
worth my time to collect all the statistics and compile the reports.  I have 
detailed (very!) logs of what the mail filtering system has done, but honestly 
have done relatively little to analyze those.

> ...how much time do you spend tweaking your permission
lists, how many people claim that they can't send mail to you?

At the moment, I have just under 2000 messages that have been sent automatically 
to my "spam/quarantine" folder, this covering about since the middle of August. 
 I've had a few isolated complaints about difficulty sending me mail, although 
in most cases investigation turns out that they either misaddressed it or the 
mail got improperly bounced by temporary ISP issues or the like.  

I spend relatively little time tweaking the filter and whitelist configurations, 
probably less than ten minutes a month.  I periodically sit down and devote some 
time to programming, such as this most recent program I wrote to add the 
disreputable domains into (at the suitable locations in) the HOSTS file, usually 
when I feel motivated to do that sort of thing.

Again, as long as it's strictly for my personal use, the payback simply isn't 
there for me to polish the thing as a serious, professional-grade "product" 
suitable for widespread installation.  Accordingly, the way this presently works 
is rather keyed to how my systems are configured here.  I do have a consulting 
client in Wisconsin who I've set up with an incoming mail processing "bot" type 
system, which in some ways is similar to what I have here for myself, although 
their needs were rather specialized and accordingly their system ended up being 
quite different in the end than what I use here.  (Their system is, however, 
like mine, implemented in SPITBOL and runs as a background job on one of their 
Windows 2000 Professional systems).

I would enjoy pursuing the polishing of the system, and elaborating it to full 
release quality, so if you know of someone interested in funding such a project, 
with an eye to producing a commercial product, definitely, send them my way.  
:-)

FWIW, by the way, over the past three or so days, my incoming mail filter has 
used a total of a little over 10 minutes of CPU time, this on an Athlon (2000+?) 
single-CPU Win2K server system.  This is without any particular effort being 
made to optimize or otherwise study the execution time the various components 
are using in detail.  I don't consider, at the moment, that scaleability would 
be a big problem.

> 3) Have you deployed it at a scale where you couldn't explain it to
everybody in person (E.g., a company with ~100 employees, a small ISP,
etc.)? Same questions as above, plus: How many support calls do you get?

At the moment, the incoming mail filtering system I use is strictly for my 
personal use in my home office.  The related incoming mail processingbot system 
I've installed at my consulting client is in daily use, in an office of about 15 
persons, and I don't remember the last time I got any kind of support call or 
question about it.  It just sort of sits there and runs.  :-)


Gordon Peterson                  http://personal.terabites.com/
1977-2002  Twenty-fifth anniversary year of Local Area Networking!
Support free and fair US elections!  http://stickers.defend-democracy.org
12/19/98: Partisan Republicans scornfully ignore the voters they "represent".
12/09/00: the date the Republican Party took down democracy in America.



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From asrg-bounces@ietf.org  Mon Dec  6 00:27:16 2004
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>> Let me see, you have an IP conection, presumably connected to the
> Internet. You should be able to access the submission port to send your
> mail via your mail server. You just might not be able to use port 25/tcp
> there.

> Actually, there are some cases where submission port (587) also cannot
be used. For example, my personal experience in McDonalds Free WiFi in
Singapore. I tried using my SMTP AUTH server, but they 'hijack' all
SMTP related traffic and send it through their own gateway.

And, of course, if you're using a public access Internet terminal (at a library, 
airport waiting lounge, most cruise ships, etc), then you might have NO choice 
whatsoever regarding what SMTP server they've chosen to route their outgoing 
mail through, let alone what port you might wish you could use. 

Gordon Peterson                  http://personal.terabites.com/
1977-2002  Twenty-fifth anniversary year of Local Area Networking!
Support free and fair US elections!  http://stickers.defend-democracy.org
12/19/98: Partisan Republicans scornfully ignore the voters they "represent".
12/09/00: the date the Republican Party took down democracy in America.



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From asrg-bounces@ietf.org  Mon Dec  6 01:51:17 2004
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From: John Levine <asrg@johnlevine.com>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] SMTP AUTH
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>> Actually, there are some cases where submission port (587) also cannot
>be used. For example, my personal experience in McDonalds Free WiFi in
>Singapore. I tried using my SMTP AUTH server, but they 'hijack' all
>SMTP related traffic and send it through their own gateway.

Were you trying port 25 or port 587?  I've occasionally heard of 587
being blocked, but I've never heard of it being spoofed.

>And, of course, if you're using a public access Internet terminal (at
>a library, airport waiting lounge, most cruise ships, etc), then you
>might have NO choice whatsoever regarding what SMTP server they've
>chosen to route their outgoing mail through,

I dunno about you, but when I'm using someone else's computer, I use
my web mail.  I've seen public internet terminals in airports that
claim that they'll download your POP mail if you put in your password,
but I don't think I've ever seen anyone do that.  It strikes me as a
rare scenario, getting rarer.


-- 
John R. Levine, IECC, POB 727, Trumansburg NY 14886 +1 607 330 5711
johnl@iecc.com, Mayor, http://johnlevine.com, 
Member, Provisional board, Coalition Against Unsolicited Commercial E-mail

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On Sun, 6 Dec 2004, John Levine wrote:

> I dunno about you, but when I'm using someone else's computer, I use
> my web mail.  I've seen public internet terminals in airports that
> claim that they'll download your POP mail if you put in your password,
> but I don't think I've ever seen anyone do that.  It strikes me as a
> rare scenario, getting rarer.

Well the solution for remote access to email is IMAP and it would be
good if email could be submitted as part of IMAP system, but that is
actually not quite so easy technically because you want to submit
email and include/reference part of existing message but dont want
to download that message to remote terminal, so complex system or
referencing part of the message has to be devised - this is something
that LEMONADE is working on.

But it seems to me many people do not trust those airport terminals with 
their passwords. But perhaps solution (for 5-10 years from now) could 
involve cryptography and smart cards - this would require standard for 
such email authentication with in a way that intermediate system 
(i.e. airport terminal) would never actually know the password or
retain access to account beyond user session.

---
William Leibzon
   mailto: william@completewhois.com
Anti-Spam and Email Security Research Worksite:
   http://www.elan.net/~william/emailsecurity/
Whois & DNS Network Investigation Tools:
   http://www.completewhois.com
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On 6 Dec 2004 06:37:33 -0000, John Levine <asrg@johnlevine.com> wrote:
> >> Actually, there are some cases where submission port (587) also cannot
[snip]
> 
> Were you trying port 25 or port 587?  I've occasionally heard of 587
> being blocked, but I've never heard of it being spoofed.
>

I was using port 587, as I always do. :) The first Received: header
was awfully ugly:

Received: from support.isp.com (mcdonalds.isp.com [xxx.xxx.xx.x] (may
be forged))
	by receiverbordermta (XXX xxxx)
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From asrg-bounces@ietf.org  Mon Dec  6 04:41:57 2004
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Please critique my anti-spam system
To: "Michael Kaplan" <mkaplansolution@lycos.com>
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I may have misinterpreted it but your proposal looks like a refinement of
many others, in that it combines authorisation, captcha, and whitelists,
with the exception being the variable address and address mapping element.

My issues on this would be
 1 -  actually administering a medium to large mail domain requiring each
account to have a very large or bounded infinite set of  potentiel "user"
parts for each address would be a headache or require new technology

2 - someone somewhere will need to pay for the extra capacity required to
handle all the extra traffic this system would generate

3 - it is not clear how this solution avoids address harvesting, if
spammers have abandoned harvesting from SMTP because simpler more effective
means are available they can return to it if tak up of your system made
that necessary and effective.

Also the investement in upgrading MUA's would be extreme, making it
unlikely to hapen quickly and therfore we'd see a lot of manual
intervention required by users, and a lot of extra traffic caused by
bounces being a fundamental requirement. In other words for every spam mail
sucessfully identified by your system your proposal generates another
message.
This violates "Danny's principle" in which I reckon that; In any messaging
system any component dealing with unwanted messages should, when operating
sucessully, create conditions in which no other parts of the system
experience an increase in resource consumption as a direct consequence, and
should tend to reduce consumption in some components as a consequence of
removing unwanted messages.

d.


|---------+---------------------------->
|         |           "Michael Kaplan" |
|         |           <mkaplansolution@|
|         |           lycos.com>       |
|         |           Sent by:         |
|         |           asrg-bounces@ietf|
|         |           .org             |
|         |                            |
|         |                            |
|         |           05/12/2004 03:31 |
|         |           PM               |
|         |                            |
|---------+---------------------------->
  >-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
  |                                                                                                                               |
  |       To:       asrg@ietf.org                                                                                                 |
  |       cc:                                                                                                                     |
  |       Subject:  [Asrg] Please critique my anti-spam system                                                                    |
  >-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|





I have developed a system to eliminate spam.  You are the first group
to whom I have publicly presented it to so I would appreciate any
criticism you might have, and after that any support.  To my
knowledge this system is unique.  A colloquial description of my
method is detail at the following link:


http://home.nyc.rr.com/spamsolution/An%20Effective%20Solution%20for%20Spam.htm


Sincerely,

Michael G. Kaplan
New York, New York

--
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>>> mobileSender@myDomain--AUTH--> myDomain SMTP--SPF,MTAMark etc---target
>>> SMTP
>>  |__________________________________________|
>>
>>
>> I truly don't understand why the types that keep hawking SMTP AUTH as
>> the
>> solution JUST DON'T GET IT... how many times do we have to say this?
>>
>> THE FACT IS THAT IF YOU ARE ON A CRUISE SHIP AT THEIR INTERNET CAFE, OR
>> AT AN
>> AIRPORT WAITING LOUNGE INTERNET ACCESS KIOSK, (and many other
>> public-access
>> situations) YOU MOST LIKELY HAVE *NO* CONTROL ABOUT WHAT SMTP MAIL
>> SERVER IS
>> GOING TO BE SENDING YOUR OUTGOING E-MAIL MESSAGE.  That notwithstanding,
>> OBVIOUSLY you would STILL want to use "your" own E-mail address as the
>> sender!
>
>
Most organizations today have https webmail access so I don't see any
reason for using other applications.

@

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>>> Actually, there are some cases where submission port (587) also cannot
>be used. For example, my personal experience in McDonalds Free WiFi in
>Singapore. I tried using my SMTP AUTH server, but they 'hijack' all
>SMTP related traffic and send it through their own gateway.

> Were you trying port 25 or port 587?  I've occasionally heard of 587
being blocked, but I've never heard of it being spoofed.

Wasn't me, so I can't help you on that one.

>> And, of course, if you're using a public access Internet terminal (at
>a library, airport waiting lounge, most cruise ships, etc), then you
>might have NO choice whatsoever regarding what SMTP server they've
>chosen to route their outgoing mail through,

> I dunno about you, but when I'm using someone else's computer, I use
my web mail.  I've seen public internet terminals in airports that
claim that they'll download your POP mail if you put in your password,
but I don't think I've ever seen anyone do that.  It strikes me as a
rare scenario, getting rarer.

Well, if we keep working to make SMTP mail unusable by more people, more people 
might be FORCED into using Web mail, more often.  I don't think that's a very 
bright thing to do, in part because Web mail (just as accessing ANY Web sites) 
comes with its OWN whole new set of risks and dangers (malicious scripting, 
ActiveX, decryption of obscured content, text-as-image, cookies, etc etc), which 
if anything are MORE difficult to deal with and secure than SMTP mail is.

I agree wholeheartedly about Web sites being a concern, and sooner or later we 
will have to address that too, but for the time being we're trying to solve the 
MAIL problem, and for our purposes here I think we need to focus primarily on 
SMTP/POP3 and similar.

Gordon Peterson                  http://personal.terabites.com/
1977-2002  Twenty-fifth anniversary year of Local Area Networking!
Support free and fair US elections!  http://stickers.defend-democracy.org
12/19/98: Partisan Republicans scornfully ignore the voters they "represent".
12/09/00: the date the Republican Party took down democracy in America.



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> The problem in a nutshell is this: when your filter receives a mail
and analyses it to see if it contains prohibited content such as HTML
(to take an example), what criteria does it use? 

[snip]

> There are some standards for when a mail contains HTML and when it
doesn't but they are often ignored by mail reading software, and often
ignored by spammers, and also ignored by legitimate senders depending on
how the programmers who wrote their mail programs interpreted the gray
areas in standards. 

> So unless your filter uses the exact same heuristics about when a
message contains HTML and when it doesn't, there will be discrepancy
as above. Either you accept that there will be an amount of false
positives, or you accept that your users will see HTML content even
though your filter thought it only contained plain text.

The choice doesn't have to be a binary one, which seems to be what you're 
talking about.  The whole point is that my permissions list approach allows the 
user to specify what sorts of things they trust a given sender to send to them. 

What my current mail filter here does is to first strip HTML-burdened 
alternative attachments, and then to further strip the majority of HTML tags 
that it finds in "plain text" parts of the message as well.

> The only sure way to protect users against HTML attachments is to
prohibit them from using mail software which displays HTML, 

There's no point in "prohibiting users" from doing most ANYTHING.  The whole 
point is that users should be able to do anything they CAN do now, but 
encouraging them to do it selectively, for those cases where they trust the 
senders.

>> It MIGHT have more to do with the proposed ASSOCIATED use of a good
> antispam content filter (like Spam Assassin) but my proposal really
> has only VERY limited need (itself) to interpret the contents of the
> E-mail, beyond looking at attachments and HTML tags.

> What you perhaps don't realize is that an attachment marked plain text
but containing HTML tags is often displayed as HTML by mail reading
software anyway. Some software reads plain text, looking for anything that
resembles a web address and generates a clickable URL (thereby turning
the plain text into HTML). 

Fine, but at least in that case the URL will NOT be spoofed or misrepresented, 
right?  :-)

> Some software accepts even malformed HTML
tags, which aren't considered HTML by any standards.

> My point is that when you say "looking at attachments and HTML tags",
you are glossing over a difficult problem, because while ordinary
users tend to produce mail where attachment types and HTML are clear,
spammers purposefully make those aspects as hard to identify as they can,
by exploiting gray areas.

Clearly, but the point is to force the spammers into areas that are VERY, VERY 
gray (and which for most users, simply don't exist at all).

I'm not naive enough to presume that ANY one approach will work for EVERYBODY or 
for ABSOLUTELY ALL possible (past/present/future) software.  I don't think that 
any other approach I've seen proposed will protect so many people, so 
automatically, with so little interference with their existing methods and 
systems, and with so many other advantageous effects.

> Moreover, you might not realize that SpamAssassin is bundled with 
bulk mail sending software precisely so that spammers can design their
emails against SpamAssassin and tweak them until they pass the tests
performed by SA, and only then start spamming. 

Of course.  Most of those deceptions [mis-]use HTML or attachments.  That's one 
big reason for encouraging users to limit the use of such features only to 
trusted senders.

>>> Furthermore, typical spam messages are 2-3K in length, well below
> > your proposed limit.

>> Yes, and that causes NO problems for my approach.  I'm NOT proposing
> that SIZE be used to discriminate spam/nospam.  I *am* saying that,
> along with antispam/antivirus/antiworm goals, it ALSO makes sense
> that recipients be able to prevent abusively large messages from
> being sent to them (and perhaps chewing up their limited-size
> ISP-provided Inbox) from people they don't know and don't trust.
> (Limiting the size DOES, however, provide an additional way of
> controlling incoming worms (from untrusted/unknown senders), most of
> which are significantly larger than 25K).

> You are proposing that size be used for discrimination. What you are not
doing is proposing that it be used exclusively. 

Well, it WOULD be sufficient to block "large" (as defined by the recipient) 
messages coming from unknown senders.

> There are two avenues
for worms under your scheme. Worms can get smaller in size, or worms can
stay the same size and spread via trusted senders, by looking for 
regular correspondents in address books etc. Fifteen years ago viruses
were less than 1K in size, there is no reason beyond lazyness why worms
need to be around 25K. 

All this use of heuristics can be evaded by various strategies.  If worms shrink 
to less than 25K, it might be that a recipient will shift their "allowed maximum 
unsolicited E-mail size" to 15K, or 10K, or maybe even 5K or something.  THAT IS 
*THEIR* CHOICE, and they aren't constrained to maintain the SAME choice.

As for "trusted senders", they'd have to use trusted senders who are trusted to 
send THAT type of content to THAT user.  This is a much narrower gauntlet to 
walk than at present (and MANY users will not allow *ANYBODY* to send them 
executable attachments, which means that NO trusted user exists whose name will 
get a virus or worm past the intended victim's front door).

>> It would be ENTIRELY possible to implement it entirely within an
> E-mail client (such as Outlook or Outlook Express for example) and
> wouldn't require ANY changes whatsoever from the ISPs or the wider
> Internet infrastructure at large... 

> Sure. I'm not arguing you shouldn't implement it, I'm arguing that
the scheme isn't as foolproof as might be hoped. 

Nothing is foolproof "because fools are SO resourceful".  :-)  But the fact is 
that this approach still gives FAR better results, faster, at a FAR lower cost 
and with fewer ugly side-effects, than any other proposed solution I've seen to 
date.

> The devil is in the details, because the high level concepts in which you 
describe the scheme do not map perfectly into the low level concepts required 
for implementation.

There is no one SINGLE set of details required.  There is a wide leeway in terms 
of how the various aspects get implemented, and in fact this is an advantage... 
it allows different companies to differentiate their products, while at the same 
time creating distinct products which probably will not share common potential 
weaknesses that a spammer might exploit.

> Some problems with whitelists: 

> Once you've whitelisted all your friends and colleagues, you depend on
how good *their* spam defenses are. If they receive a worm, it can
travel to you freely. 

No, ABSOLUTELY NOT, since my proposed "whitelist" is NOT just a simple yes/no 
whitelist.  

  1)  Most of my "friends and colleagues" don't REQUIRE explicit whitelisting 
because the stuff they send me does not exceed the default (very safe) rules.

  2)  The ones I *would* whitelist don't automatically receive "wide open" 
permissions.  I would allow individual senders to send me the type of stuff that 
I might expect THEM as an INDIVIDUAL to send.  NONE of them, for example, are 
likely to be permitted to send me (say) PIF attachments.  :-)   Likewise, VERY 
few (if any) would be whitelisted to send me (say) ActiveX or cookies or 
scripting.

One of the advantages of my approach is that, in fact, people using it would 
block VIRTUALLY ALL incoming worms and viruses, EVEN IF they came (ostensibly) 
from people who they otherwise know and trust.

> And worm writers realize this, so it is one of their priorities.

You greatly underestimate the difficulty of evading the type of permissions-list 
filter such as I'm proposing.  Perhaps you still don't understand my approach;  
I'll be glad to try to explain it further.  

> If you have a finely grained scheme which requires giving permission
for all sorts of attachments on a case by case basis, you'll be investing
a lot of time into maintaining your rules and regulations, 

That depends a LOT on just how the software ends up being implmented (and that 
would depend on the specific software vendor).  But NOTHING requires that it be 
complicated or time-consuming.  (For example, it would be easy enough to say 
"let mail like this through from this sender in the future" and have the 
software determine the minimum set of permissions needed to allow such example 
mail to pass the filter, and add those permissions to the sender's existing 
permissions).

> ...even if the software can handle them in the blink of an eye. This depends 
on how much and how varied your mail is (the problem is worst for customer 
service type employees), 

Not really, because they will tend to receive a quite predictable type of 
E-mails.  People in this type of job tend to actually find that the great 
majority of their incoming E-mails fit into a small group of types.

> ...but it's clearly a case of diminishing returns.

Indeed.

> Do you intend to share whitelist data with colleagues? 

I probably wouldn't.  People who E-mail to me and those who E-mail my colleagues 
are probably not that overlapping a set.

What I've done in my experimental incoming mail processing program here, though, 
is to provide several levels of permissions, which are sort of 
"company/installation/department/individual" (but this could vary, of course).  
Since I'm presently the only one using the system (it's a home office) I'm not 
really using those multiple levels much;  but the capability infrastructure is 
there in the code should I decide to make use of the software somewhere else (or 
if someone with funding and marketing ability wants me to pursue it as a 
potential commercial product).

> If so, how does the software deal with conflicts?

The present software is designed such that "rules" about stuff like that can be 
defined at each of the various levels.  This way, it would be possible to 
implement "mandatory installation rules" that could not be overridden by lower 
level people, and/or "company/department/workgroup" defaults that individuals 
(or groups) could supplant if desired.  

> Finally, what happens to the emails which are blocked by the whitelist?

At the moment, what happens is that they're routed to a "quarantine folder" 
(which could be on a user-by-user basis;  presently I'm the only user of the 
system here) which is simply a subdirectory with each E-mail message represented 
by an individual file.  That way it's easy enough to search for specific 
messages (by whatever criteria).  Again, the handling of this could be 
determined by the same kind of multilevel rule configuration as is used to 
control the rest of the system.

> Are they silently thrown away, do they collect in a folder which must
be checked periodically, do they pop up a message informing the user?

They COULD be handled in any of those ways, or others if desired.  Presently 
they collect into a folder.  I certainly COULD write a program to summarize 
recently arrived messages, at some (specified) frequency, and alert me to those 
(and perhaps allow me to flag some for delivery, or delete them, or whatever) 
but up to now that simply hasn't been enough of a priority for me here that I've 
felt the need to write that one.

> The last two schemes don't reduce the amount of work a user must do,
as each message must still be scanned. 

Well, yes and no.  

First, one could combine quite a number of supposed "spam"/disreputable messages 
and summarize them as a group.  This could be combined by sender, or by subject 
line, or by size, or perhaps by other characteristics.  In practice, I find that 
looking at the logs to see WHY the message was rejected (along with things like 
the sender name and/or subject, and/or To: address) usually allows me to very 
quickly concur with the system's triage for most of the E-mails it's rejected.

The reasons could be diverse:  reference to a distrusted/disreputable domain, a 
high score by my "gibberish" detector, reference to a 
distrusted/disreputable/blacklisted E-mail address or domain, or whatever.

One of the reasons why I'm mostly just presently collecting the rejected stuff 
is precisely so that when I *do* decide to sit down and write an experimental 
"scan/confirm" part of the system, I'll have a healthy universe of stuff to use 
as test material...  :-)

But anyhow, it's not nearly as annoying as having to deal with the individual 
messages... since you can deal with them later (when you're not busy with 
pressing matters) and because you're already aware of what the filter found 
about each individual E-mail that it didn't like.  That allows one to make 
pretty short work of dismissing large groups of them.

Gordon Peterson                  http://personal.terabites.com/
1977-2002  Twenty-fifth anniversary year of Local Area Networking!
Support free and fair US elections!  http://stickers.defend-democracy.org
12/19/98: Partisan Republicans scornfully ignore the voters they "represent".
12/09/00: the date the Republican Party took down democracy in America.



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>This is not a content filter.  If the spammer doesn't have your email address then the spammer can't send you spam.  There is no reason for the spammer to increase the spam load.  Sending spam to a very effective filter is not futile.  Sending spam to a non-existent address is completely futile so the spammer will stop doing it.

Whenever I hear someone attribute rational motives to spammers my
bullsh*t alarm shrieks beyond the pain threshold.

On this one, more than half of all mail delivery here bounces back (or
tries to) as 'User unknown'.

It doesn't cost them anything, why should they optimize?

Or, put better perhaps, you're just guessing, right? I'd rather have a
solution from someone who is knowledgeable about the problem.


-- 
        -Barry Shein

Software Tool & Die    | bzs@TheWorld.com           | http://www.TheWorld.com
Purveyors to the Trade | Voice: 617-739-0202        | Login: 617-739-WRLD
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On December 5, 2004 at 16:49 asrg2@billmail.scconsult.com (Bill Cole) wrote:
 > As a somewhat tangential note, I think 'joe job' is a bit overbroad 
 > in this context. Its origin was a very conscious, intentional, 
 > targeted, and successful attempt to smear a hosting provider who had 
 > kicked the particular spammer off of his service. That sort of attack 
 > is pretty rare.
 > 

It's not rare, it's actually a pretty common reaction I see to
aggressively blocking an aggressive spammer, w/in a few hours we see
cascades of joe job traffic I can't help but suspect (tho can't prove)
is related. But there are patterns that would seem to defy total
coincidence like you block an aggressive spammer who uses zombies on
german DSL networks and a couple of hours later you're being hit with
joe jobs w/ all kinds of german fingerprints (e.g., bouncing off of
german ISPs, german language bodies, etc.)

What I will say is:

a) It doesn't go on for very long, "hours" is rare, just a blast or
two is more common (e.g. I guess they send a few thousand joe job msgs
out in one effort and move on.) Or very identical-looking blasts once
or twice a day for a few days like when they think of it they hit the
"joe job 'em" button.

b) It's not that big a deal, really, tho I guess it's a bigger deal to
end-users than companies who have resources. We'll just body pattern
block the joe job and that's pretty much the end of it, or the end of
seeing it.

-- 
        -Barry Shein

Software Tool & Die    | bzs@TheWorld.com           | http://www.TheWorld.com
Purveyors to the Trade | Voice: 617-739-0202        | Login: 617-739-WRLD
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SPF seems to have a net.sociology very similar to libertarianism in
that certain true-believers will argue for either tirelessly and to
the distraction of any discussion list which dares get near the topic
leaving most everyone else wondering "if it's so great why do we only
hear about it in these tiresome take-on-all-comers arguments but never
seem to see it achieve any progress per se?"

It seems to badly suffer from something that needs a term, howsabout:


	  Podiumaginary: Ideas which only exist on a podium.


		 -b




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Far be it for me to particularly defend these schemes but the usual
response about business cards and disposable addresses is you put a
semi-disposable address on your biz card and then when someone uses it
to contact you (legitimately) you tell them in the future use this
other address which is possibly also disposable but probably unique to
that respondant, whatever.

Then at least you'd know what was derived from your biz card as a
source.

The weakness is if someone feeds that biz card address into a
problematic spam list and you can't stand the spam but don't want to
re-print your biz cards. In that case quit and find another job and
they'll give you new biz cards for free (hell I dunno, as I said my
intention isn't to particularly defend the scheme just to provide the
usual repartee' so it doesn't have to be reinvented before our eyes.)

-- 
        -Barry Shein

Software Tool & Die    | bzs@TheWorld.com           | http://www.TheWorld.com
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: Disaster looming: SPF
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Barry Shein <bzs@world.std.com>:
> SPF seems to have a net.sociology very similar to libertarianism in
> that certain true-believers will argue for either tirelessly and to
> the distraction of any discussion list which dares get near the topic
> leaving most everyone else wondering "if it's so great why do we only
> hear about it in these tiresome take-on-all-comers arguments but never
> seem to see it achieve any progress per se?"

I agree there's an important parallel -- your opinions about libertarianism 
were always pretty misinformed and idiotic, too.
-- 
		<a href="http://www.catb.org/~esr/">Eric S. Raymond</a>

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From: Laird Breyer <laird@lbreyer.com>
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: "worm spam" and SPF
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On Dec 06 2004, gep2@terabites.com wrote:

>  What my current mail filter here does is to first strip
> HTML-burdened alternative attachments, and then to further strip the
> majority of HTML tags that it finds in "plain text" parts of the
> message as well.

How does the scheme deal with mislabeled attachments? Spam messages
don't play by the rules. And some popular mail programs virtually
ignore attachment types altogether and use the filename extension, or
rely on defaults known for the target mail reading software.

How does the scheme identify HTML in plain text? Does it correctly
recognize a discussion about HTML tags from a text using HTML markup?

> > The only sure way to protect users against HTML attachments is to
> prohibit them from using mail software which displays HTML,
> 
> There's no point in "prohibiting users" from doing most ANYTHING.
> The whole point is that users should be able to do anything they CAN
> do now, but encouraging them to do it selectively, for those cases
> where they trust the senders.

But as I understood it, your scheme is supposed to block the receipt
of email containing HTML from unknown/untrusted senders originally,
and only allow such email through after the sender is trusted. If you
let HTML through to begin with (assuming you can always identify it),
it's much less effective?

> > What you perhaps don't realize is that an attachment marked plain
> text but containing HTML tags is often displayed as HTML by mail
> reading software anyway. Some software reads plain text, looking for
> anything that resembles a web address and generates a clickable URL
> (thereby turning the plain text into HTML).
> 
> Fine, but at least in that case the URL will NOT be spoofed or
> misrepresented, right?  :-)

The art of misrepresenting URLs to the public is called phishing, and
is fairly well developed ;-)

> Clearly, but the point is to force the spammers into areas that are
> VERY, VERY gray (and which for most users, simply don't exist at
> all).

The fact that most users aren't in the gray area is irrelevant. If
(your, any) scheme lets through too many spams, it is as useless as if
spams weren't being identified in the first place.

However, the amount of spam passing through depends solely on the spam
filter and how clever the spammers are. So discussions naturally
gravitate toward spammer tricks.

>  I'm not naive enough to presume that ANY one approach will work for
> EVERYBODY or for ABSOLUTELY ALL possible (past/present/future)
> software.  I don't think that any other approach I've seen proposed
> will protect so many people, so automatically, with so little
> interference with their existing methods and systems, and with so
> many other advantageous effects.

I'm not suggesting you are. However, current state of the art systems
achieve 99+ percent success, and for organizations with very large
userbases, even that isn't enough.  Unless your scheme can claim these
sorts of numbers for nearly all people to begin with, then it isn't
worth trying to convince people here. Most people on this list are
only interested in systems which can deal with vast numbers of
messages with little extra work.

http://www.usenix.org/events/lisa04/tech/blosser/blosser.pdf


> > Moreover, you might not realize that SpamAssassin is bundled with
> bulk mail sending software precisely so that spammers can design
> their emails against SpamAssassin and tweak them until they pass the
> tests performed by SA, and only then start spamming.
>
> Of course.  Most of those deceptions [mis-]use HTML or attachments.
> That's one big reason for encouraging users to limit the use of such
> features only to trusted senders.

I don't seem to remember whether you explained how to initially deal
with (untrusted) people who (unwittingly, incapably) send exclusively
HTML burdened messages.

>  Well, it WOULD be sufficient to block "large" (as defined by the
> recipient) messages coming from unknown senders.

It is debatable whether large attachments are in fact an indicator of 
friendly (ie nonspam) messages. Spammers tend to send small messages,
unless they're trying to be clever, while worms are as you pointed out
a bit larger. But the truly large messages are sent by clueless people who will
write two lines in Word, include a BMP image, then attach the whole
document to an empty email message and send the lot...

> > There are two avenues for worms under your scheme. Worms can get
> smaller in size, or worms can stay the same size and spread via
> trusted senders, by looking for regular correspondents in address
> books etc. Fifteen years ago viruses were less than 1K in size,
> there is no reason beyond lazyness why worms need to be around 25K.
>
> All this use of heuristics can be evaded by various strategies.  If
> worms shrink to less than 25K, it might be that a recipient will
> shift their "allowed maximum unsolicited E-mail size" to 15K, or
> 10K, or maybe even 5K or something.  THAT IS *THEIR* CHOICE, and
> they aren't constrained to maintain the SAME choice.

None of these suggestions is preventative, only reactive. You're
suggesting that attacks on your proposed spam defense should be
best handled by an arms race between the spammer and the user.
The spammers still have the initiative.

>  > The devil is in the details, because the high level concepts in
> which you describe the scheme do not map perfectly into the low
> level concepts required for implementation.
> 
> There is no one SINGLE set of details required.  There is a wide
> leeway in terms of how the various aspects get implemented, and in
> fact this is an advantage...  it allows different companies to
> differentiate their products, while at the same time creating
> distinct products which probably will not share common potential
> weaknesses that a spammer might exploit.

Right, various elements of what you propose (scanning for HTML,
blocking attachments) are widely implemented in many different
anti-spam products. One could argue that companies already have
several pieces of your puzzle and have mixed and matched them as they
like.

> 
> > Some problems with whitelists: 
> 
> > Once you've whitelisted all your friends and colleagues, you depend on
> how good *their* spam defenses are. If they receive a worm, it can
> travel to you freely. 
> 
> No, ABSOLUTELY NOT, since my proposed "whitelist" is NOT just a simple yes/no 
> whitelist.

You've talked about examining a limited set of properties such as existence of
attachments and of HTML tags. Your whitelisted friend may have a trojan or worm
which will send plain text advertisements to all people in his address book.

If some combination of tags and attachments can get through, it will
get through eventually.
 
> 
>   1)  Most of my "friends and colleagues" don't REQUIRE explicit whitelisting 
> because the stuff they send me does not exceed the default (very safe) rules.
> 

That's great for you, but these issues must be addressed when proposing a
spam solution for the masses.

>   2)  The ones I *would* whitelist don't automatically receive "wide open" 
> permissions.  I would allow individual senders to send me the type of stuff that 
> I might expect THEM as an INDIVIDUAL to send.  NONE of them, for example, are 
> likely to be permitted to send me (say) PIF attachments.  :-)   Likewise, VERY 
> few (if any) would be whitelisted to send me (say) ActiveX or cookies or 
> scripting.

How do you recognize a PIF attachment? What if it's inside a ZIP file?
Inside an LHA file? Inside a zipped HTML file containing an embedded
OBJECT tag with a particular class ID pointing to external data? There
are innumerable ways of sending malicious code with various levels of
obfuscation. Spammers don't use them because the simple stuff works
quite well for now.

>  One of the advantages of my approach is that, in fact, people using
> it would block VIRTUALLY ALL incoming worms and viruses, EVEN IF
> they came (ostensibly) from people who they otherwise know and
> trust.
>
> > And worm writers realize this, so it is one of their priorities.
> 
> You greatly underestimate the difficulty of evading the type of
> permissions-list filter such as I'm proposing.  Perhaps you still
> don't understand my approach; I'll be glad to try to explain it
> further.

I think I sort of understand your approach. Your filter scans an
email's MIME structure, looking for particular types of
attachments. It also scans for some simple tags such as <FONT>, <A>,
etc., in the plain text attachments.

[Not all email uses MIME, not all MIME using email is correctly
generated. Not all MIME attachments contain what they are labeled as
containing, not all mail software interprets attachments according to
the labels either, but others do]. 

If the sender is unknown, the mail is blocked if it contains the tags
you scan for or attachments labeled as forbidden. If the sender is
known, the mail is blocked if it contains tags or attachments which
are prohibited for that sender.

[It blocks mail from unknown people who use HTML or attachments or
large mail bodies, which is a sizable proportion of the email sending
population. People need to know enough about email structure to maintain
complex sets of permissions.]

Blocked mail can be inspected individually, possibly by grouping 
according to some heuristics based on header fields or message structure.

[For spam, header fields are both faked and randomized to thwart easy
grouping, as that would also make filtering easy. If you receive 500 spams
a day and wait a week to check them at your leisure, you have to wade
through 3500 messages looking for the elusive incorrectly blocked
email - that's still a chore, once a week, and the unfortunate sender
has been waiting for a response for a week].

Based on the above objections, I'm not convinced your system is
competitive (accuracy wise) with other systems for large
organizations. For individual use by power users, it appears to me to
be less work than custom keyword filters, but more work than personal
Bayesian filters.

This is just my opinion based on our discussion, of course. 
For a serious evalutation, nothing beats physical deployment at 
multiple locations, and you at least pass the test of using your own
system yourself.

-- 
Laird Breyer.

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From asrg-bounces@ietf.org  Tue Dec  7 01:20:15 2004
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] SMTP AUTH
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> Well, if we keep working to make SMTP mail unusable by more people, more
> people
> might be FORCED into using Web mail, more often.  I don't think that's a
> very
> bright thing to do, in part because Web mail (just as accessing ANY Web
> sites)
> comes with its OWN whole new set of risks and dangers (malicious
> scripting,
> ActiveX, decryption of obscured content, text-as-image, cookies, etc etc),
> which
> if anything are MORE difficult to deal with and secure than SMTP mail is.

Let me refresh ur memory that even MUAs can display HTML and hence we face
more or less the same problem in MUAs too.The idea is to send mail with
authentication and if a secured webmail does that one should prefer that
rather than banging their head against the wall just because we need
SMTP/POP to do the job which is done better by some other thing. We should
remember that our goal is to stop spam by whatever means possible,
protocol is just a medium.

> I agree wholeheartedly about Web sites being a concern, and sooner or
> later we
> will have to address that too, but for the time being we're trying to
> solve the
> MAIL problem, and for our purposes here I think we need to focus primarily
> on
> SMTP/POP3 and similar.


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From asrg-bounces@ietf.org  Tue Dec  7 01:36:53 2004
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Spam solution requirements
To: "Devdas Bhagat" <devdas@dvb.homelinux.org>
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I aggree with u Devdas that diff organizations or ppl have different
reuirements. But then we can't focus on one particular problem space at a
time a ignore other possibilities.
This is for the AntiSpam product companies to decide and customize their
products for diff clients. Most Organizations today are ready to customize
their products according to the needs of the customers.


> As I see it, there are multiple scenarios where we need to solve the
> spam problem.
>
> 1> The ISP hosting mail for a large number of users under a single
> namespace.
> 2> The ISP hosting mail for a number of users under different
> namespaces on the same systems.
> 3> The single user with a vanity domain, hosted on a home system.
> 4> The single user using an ISPs email service.
> 5> A corporate mailbox which needs to service a large number of external
> senders (eg sales@).
> 6> A corporate mailbox which does not need to service a large number of
> external senders (eg foo@example.com)
> 7> Role accounts like abuse and postmaster, which need to accept all the
> crap that is thrown at them.
>
> Each of these has different requirements and needs different solutions.
>
> Maybe we need to try and figure out appropriate solutions for each of
> these classes instead of trying to get a one size fits all solution?
>
> Even the opponents of spam have different goals
> 1> Stop the spam from being in the inbox, but not miss any legitimate
> mail.
> 2> Stop the spam on the mailserver, but not lose any legitimate mail
> regardless of how much spam is let through.
> 3> Stop the spam on the mailserver, but a few non spam mails getting
> rejected is perfectly acceptable.
> 4> Stop the spam from being sent in the first place.
>
> Each of those has different techniques, and should be handled by a
> different method (one method doing one small job well).
>
> If we can start by creating a matrix of the requirement and solution
> classes, we should be able to get the antispam proposals slotted into
> the matrix, and see whether they can solve that particular problem
> correctly.
>
> Please add/clarify scenarios, so that a set of problem spaces can be
> defined.
>
> Devdas Bhagat
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg
>


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From asrg-bounces@ietf.org  Tue Dec  7 02:45:02 2004
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aseem_jakhar@persistent.co.in wrote:

> Most organizations today have https webmail access so I don't see any
> reason for using other applications.

That's a very sweeping observation - what's your source for this data? 

Peter

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On Mon, Dec 06, 2004 at 06:57:10PM -0500,
 Barry Shein <bzs@world.std.com> wrote 
 a message of 23 lines which said:

> "if it's so great why do we only hear about it in these tiresome
> take-on-all-comers arguments but never seem to see it achieve any
> progress per se?"

What sort of progress do you want?

Active mailing lists? We have, they are even too active sometimes :-)

Working implementations. There are at least three (counting only free
software). http://spf.pobox.com/downloads.html

Domains publishing SPF: this is something that is in the hands of the
domain holders, of course. But when aol.com, hotmail.com, gnu.org,
pobox.com, amazon.com and freebsd.org use something, you can safely
say it has significant deployment.

Domains checking SPF: this is something that is in the hands of the
mail servers managers. Trackers
(http://spf.idimo.com/how_to-s/how_to_track.html) seem to indicate
that many sites already do it.

A RFC: well, this one is on the TODO list...


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From: Stephane Bortzmeyer <bortzmeyer@nic.fr>
To: Michael Kaplan <mkaplansolution@lycos.com>
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Subject: [Asrg] Re: Please critique my anti-spam system
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On Sun, Dec 05, 2004 at 10:31:21AM -0500,
 Michael Kaplan <mkaplansolution@lycos.com> wrote 
 a message of 25 lines which said:

> I have developed a system to eliminate spam. 

Besides all the very good reasons why your system is broken, there is
something I would like to emphasize.

Your system, exactly like C/R systems, exactly like SpamKiss, and
despite the few technical details that are different between them, is
simply a way to shift away the costs of spam.

Spam costs: money, time, hardware and human resources. At the present
time, costs are entirely upon the shoulders of the recipient. You plan
to put some of the costs on the back of the sender. Wether or not it
is a good idea, I let you see. But it is hardly a way to stop spam,
just a way to displace the costs.

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From asrg-bounces@ietf.org  Tue Dec  7 13:57:11 2004
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To: "'Stephane Bortzmeyer'" <bortzmeyer@nic.fr>,
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Subject: RE: [Asrg] Re: Disaster looming: SPF
Date: Tue, 7 Dec 2004 10:39:02 -0800 
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My concern about SPF is that it is now a legacy system and that people need
to understand that they cannot play with it as much as they would like. SPF
has seen extensive deployment and despite the issues that broke up MARID is
still backed by all the major ISPs and every major industry thought leader -
here including OSS as industry.

The only place SPF and Sender-ID are still disputed is in the academy.
Frankly my opinion on that quarter is the same as that of Dentrassi cooks on
subjects other than cuisine and mixing drinks.

The point about authentication is not that it will stop spam but that
providing an authentication mechanism is a pre-condition for deployment of
any scheme that moves beyond content filtering and blacklists.



> -----Original Message-----
> From: asrg-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:asrg-bounces@ietf.org] On 
> Behalf Of Stephane Bortzmeyer
> Sent: Tuesday, December 07, 2004 3:35 AM
> To: Barry Shein
> Cc: asrg@ietf.org
> Subject: [Asrg] Re: Disaster looming: SPF
> 
> 
> On Mon, Dec 06, 2004 at 06:57:10PM -0500,
>  Barry Shein <bzs@world.std.com> wrote 
>  a message of 23 lines which said:
> 
> > "if it's so great why do we only hear about it in these tiresome 
> > take-on-all-comers arguments but never seem to see it achieve any 
> > progress per se?"
> 
> What sort of progress do you want?
> 
> Active mailing lists? We have, they are even too active sometimes :-)
> 
> Working implementations. There are at least three (counting 
> only free software). http://spf.pobox.com/downloads.html
> 
> Domains publishing SPF: this is something that is in the 
> hands of the domain holders, of course. But when aol.com, 
> hotmail.com, gnu.org, pobox.com, amazon.com and freebsd.org 
> use something, you can safely say it has significant deployment.
> 
> Domains checking SPF: this is something that is in the hands 
> of the mail servers managers. Trackers
> (http://spf.idimo.com/how_to-s/how_to_track.html) seem to 
> indicate that many sites already do it.
> 
> A RFC: well, this one is on the TODO list...
> 
> 
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg
> 

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Gordon, apropos your scheme: What happens when a zombie sends the 
infected's email address and his address book to the spammer, so the 
spammer can send spam to the address book 'from' the infected?  Any 
reason not to expect that to happen if your scheme were to become popular?

BTW, no response to my previous post/email? See the difference?  Your 
statements didn't actually apply to CSV.

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Ah, now I remember why I stay here, for the clever repartee'!

At any rate, perhaps my comment was a teensy-weensy-bit out of line in
its choice of words, but I'll stand by the sentiment.

The point being that SPF seems:

a) Mostly harmless if for no other reason than it'll never amount to
much. But I certainly don't think it's evil or anything horrible like
that, just very weak.

b) Does contain a trade-off of privacy vs security which doesn't seem
justified.

c) Similar for effort of deployment.

d) Seems to have less and less to do with spam, per se, whenever it's
explored in some detail, except inasmuch as one can broaden their
definition of spam to "any email I don't want" (e.g., viruses, joe
jobs, etc.) on the spot.

e) As such, seems to get much more attention on this list than it
deserves (my comments were tossed into the middle of another longish
thread on SPF), not that that's anything I'd particularly do anything
about EXCEPT PERHAPS COMMENT ON, which comments seems to bug the hell
out of some disproportionate to their importance, IMHO.

It was more of a "this is getting really, really boring and going
around in circles perhaps for a reason" snipe.

However, if I offended anyone or hurt any feelings who gives a shit.


On December 6, 2004 at 20:22 esr@thyrsus.com (Eric S. Raymond) wrote:
 > Barry Shein <bzs@world.std.com>:
 > > SPF seems to have a net.sociology very similar to libertarianism in
 > > that certain true-believers will argue for either tirelessly and to
 > > the distraction of any discussion list which dares get near the topic
 > > leaving most everyone else wondering "if it's so great why do we only
 > > hear about it in these tiresome take-on-all-comers arguments but never
 > > seem to see it achieve any progress per se?"
 > 
 > I agree there's an important parallel -- your opinions about libertarianism 
 > were always pretty misinformed and idiotic, too.
 > -- 
 > 		<a href="http://www.catb.org/~esr/">Eric S. Raymond</a>

-- 
        -Barry Shein

Software Tool & Die    | bzs@TheWorld.com           | http://www.TheWorld.com
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From asrg-bounces@ietf.org  Tue Dec  7 17:37:48 2004
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: "worm spam" and SPF
To: Matthew Elvey <matthew@elvey.com>, ASRG <asrg@ietf.org>
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>Gordon, apropos your scheme: What happens when a zombie sends the 
>infected's email address and his address book to the spammer, so the 
>spammer can send spam to the address book 'from' the infected?  Any 
>reason not to expect that to happen if your scheme were to become popular?

With my approach, it makes NOT THE SLIGHTEST DIFFERENCE where the E-mail address 
is actually posted from.  The key is:

  1)  Who the mail is SUPPOSEDLY from;
  2)  What the recipient EXPECTS mail from that sender to look like.

If the mail doesn't look like it comes from who it claims to come from (i.e. the 
way their mail is trusted to look, and habitually looks) then it's treated as 
suspect.

So even if someone finds out who you normally might get mail from, that doesn't 
help the spammer in the slightest, UNLESS he sends mail which LOOKS enough 
"like" the mail you get from that person.  

So, in particular, if you don't get JavaScript or HTML or executable attachments 
or ActiveX from that sender, and have those enabled specifically for that 
sender, no worm or virus is STILL going to be able to get anywhere at all by 
forging that sender's E-mail address on infectious mail being sent to you.  

>BTW, no response to my previous post/email? See the difference?  Your 
>statements didn't actually apply to CSV.

Nor, in fact, did CSV apparently apply to what *I* was talking about, either.  
:-)

I haven't paid all that much attention to that approach;  but of the things I've 
been seeing discussed, I haven't seen *anything* that has anything near the 
quick and reliable payback that my concept gives, the ease of installation, and 
with the negligible impact that my approach gives for legitimate users.

Gordon Peterson                  http://personal.terabites.com/
1977-2002  Twenty-fifth anniversary year of Local Area Networking!
Support free and fair US elections!  http://stickers.defend-democracy.org
12/19/98: Partisan Republicans scornfully ignore the voters they "represent".
12/09/00: the date the Republican Party took down democracy in America.



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From asrg-bounces@ietf.org  Tue Dec  7 17:56:40 2004
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Subject: RE: [Asrg] Re: Disaster looming: SPF
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On December 7, 2004 at 10:39 pbaker@verisign.com (Hallam-Baker, Phillip) wrote:
 > The point about authentication is not that it will stop spam but that
 > providing an authentication mechanism is a pre-condition for deployment of
 > any scheme that moves beyond content filtering and blacklists.

My point is that I think there needs to be a lot of flesh put on that
bone, otherwise it's like a salesman's pitch, ``it'll do all these
great things for you -- you're not against great things are you???''
(generic 'you').

I'd agree that it would be good to move beyond content filtering and
blacklists, I'm just not convinced that SPF is that.

Again, good goal, questionable means, don't ask me (again, not you
especially) to sign off on the goal and ignore the means.

I guess what I'm saying is that if there's some grand vision of an
authenticated e-mail future maybe we should lay that out rather than
throwing another half-baked idea on the fire (to mix metaphors!) with
the defense "well, it's better than nothing!"

Which isn't obvious to me.

-- 
        -Barry Shein

Software Tool & Die    | bzs@TheWorld.com           | http://www.TheWorld.com
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From asrg-bounces@ietf.org  Tue Dec  7 19:25:49 2004
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> From: Barry Shein [mailto:bzs@world.std.com] 

> On December 7, 2004 at 10:39 pbaker@verisign.com 
> (Hallam-Baker, Phillip) wrote:  > The point about 
> authentication is not that it will stop spam but that  > 
> providing an authentication mechanism is a pre-condition for 
> deployment of  > any scheme that moves beyond content 
> filtering and blacklists.
> 
> My point is that I think there needs to be a lot of flesh put 
> on that bone, otherwise it's like a salesman's pitch, ``it'll 
> do all these great things for you -- you're not against great 
> things are you???'' (generic 'you').

Same idea that I have been selling for three years now: accountability.

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From asrg-bounces@ietf.org  Tue Dec  7 21:38:25 2004
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: "worm spam" and SPF
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>>  What my current mail filter here does is to first strip
> HTML-burdened alternative attachments, and then to further strip the
> majority of HTML tags that it finds in "plain text" parts of the
> message as well.

> How does the scheme deal with mislabeled attachments? Spam messages
don't play by the rules. 

The current implementation I use here basically handles that by:

  1)  IF there is a plain text version and an alternative HTML version of the 
message body, the alternative HTML version is simply removed;  the plain text 
version is retained.

  2)  HTML tags (most of them, at least;  I retain those that might be useful in 
determining spam origin or otherwise tracking back to the perps) are stripped 
from the message body, for essentially ALL types of message body.  So even if 
the part type is mislabelled, most HTML types will still be removed from it.

> ...And some popular mail programs virtually
ignore attachment types altogether and use the filename extension, or
rely on defaults known for the target mail reading software.

Sure, and presumably those will still work that way once they've picked up their 
(filtered, processed) mail.  The way they handle it doesn't really impact the 
filter.

> How does the scheme identify HTML in plain text? 

It looks for things that "resemble" HTML tags, given a list of common types and 
what those types look like.  It also uses a variety of rules to identify most 
cases of "bogus" HTML tags (that will end up being ignored when the mail is 
read) that are only there to break up keywords that otherwise would trigger 
content filters (and it removes those, too).

Although I don't think it makes a lot of sense to describe in detail what those 
rules are (and we must presume that spammers are monitoring our discussions 
here) it's fair to point out that SNOBOL/SPITBOL offers FAR more sophisticated 
and powerful pattern matching than the braindead reg-ex type pattern matching 
more typically found in Perl and similar.

> Does it correctly recognize a discussion about HTML tags from a text using 
HTML markup?

Not at present, although (again) if you had a correspondent or a mailing list 
where that might be expected (and desired) you could easily enough whitelist 
those specific senders to send you that sort of message content.  It's probably 
fair to presume that if you're sophisticated and enlightened enough to be 
discussing such points, you're less likely than the average Joe (or Gertrude!) 
to be confused or tricked by them.

>>> The only sure way to protect users against HTML attachments is to
> prohibit them from using mail software which displays HTML,

>> There's no point in "prohibiting users" from doing most ANYTHING.
> The whole point is that users should be able to do anything they CAN
> do now, but encouraging them to do it selectively, for those cases
> where they trust the senders.

> But as I understood it, your scheme is supposed to block the receipt
of email containing HTML from unknown/untrusted senders originally,
and only allow such email through after the sender is trusted. 

Right.  Now, what one DOES with such "untrusted mail" is something the receiving 
user ought to be able to configure... whether they blindly T-can it, or 
quarantine it, or flag it, or whatever.

> ...If you let HTML through to begin with (assuming you can always identify 
it), it's much less effective?

Well, not necessarily. 

For example, one thing that one can do (and again, no reason why this can't be 
configurable depending on how the recipient wishes to deal with such things) is 
to simply replace the pointy-brackets in HTML tags with curly-brackets before 
finishing with it.  This allows the recipient, IF desired, to examine the 
particular tags that the filter chose to pass through (and nothing says it can't 
still simply remove other stuff).  And there could be a suitable 'goback' 
program provided (or a retrievable, unmodified copy archived somewhere) that 
could allow the recipient to go back to the unmodified original copy (or 
whatever) should they want to do that.

Anyhow, by letting {a href="gotcha.phishing.ru"}security.sunbank.com{/a} through 
I think you'll agree that the user is pretty well protected.  Meanwhile, things 
like font sizes and colors and boldface and the like, while arguably interesting 
if you like stuff like that, can usually be simply stripped from E-mail messages 
without harming their actual information value.  And likewise, "junk" HTML tags 
like {qewhjwhfqeasdf} (using pointy brackets, of course) can of course be 
deleted from incoming mails without affecting their content, too.

>>> What you perhaps don't realize is that an attachment marked plain
> text but containing HTML tags is often displayed as HTML by mail
> reading software anyway. Some software reads plain text, looking for
> anything that resembles a web address and generates a clickable URL
> (thereby turning the plain text into HTML).

>> Fine, but at least in that case the URL will NOT be spoofed or
> misrepresented, right?  :-)

> The art of misrepresenting URLs to the public is called phishing, 

Well, that's one USE for it, but that's certainly not the ONLY use for it.  A 
more common use is simply to obscure the URL (using any of a whole variety of 
techniques) in an attempt to evade filters which try to block "disreputable" 
domains.  

> ...and is fairly well developed ;-)

Of course.  Anyhow, limiting the ability to HIDE such obfuscations makes it far 
more apparent that the URL is not trustworthy.

>> Clearly, but the point is to force the spammers into areas that are
> VERY, VERY gray (and which for most users, simply don't exist at
> all).

> The fact that most users aren't in the gray area is irrelevant. If
(your, any) scheme lets through too many spams, it is as useless as if
spams weren't being identified in the first place.

Not so.

First, spam blocking is only ONE of the functions performed by my approach, 
although it's certainly one of the notable ones.  As (even MORE?) important is 
the fact that it shields users from the GREAT majority (and perhaps virtually 
all) viruses and worms, INCLUDING those which set up armies of zombie spambots.

Second, "too many" is a very squishy number.  If it blocks 90% of spams and 99% 
of viruses and worms, is it "useless" because some spam still gets through?  I 
don't think so.  Likewise, it doesn't particularly bother me if a few relatively 
benign spams get through now and again.  (At SOME point, spams look a lot like 
minimal messages from friends that I *might* want to still get).

Third, remember that my approach is intended to be used ALONG WITH a good 
antispam content filter (and, it's IMPORTANT to note that antispam content 
filters will be a LOT more effective on the type of mails that have already 
passed through a filter such as mine, since most of the tricks used to evade and 
defeat them have already been blocked).

> However, the amount of spam passing through depends solely on the spam
filter and how clever the spammers are. 

Most of their "clever" depends on tricks based on attachments and HTML.  By 
slashing the utility of those, spammers are denied most of their favorite 
deceptions.

> So discussions naturally gravitate toward spammer tricks.

Of course.  The way we're going to defeat them, though, is by changing the 
rules, and I think we can do that in a way that's minimally (or not at all) 
destructive to legitimate users while still creating very difficult gauntlet for 
spammers to try to navigate their way through.

>>  I'm not naive enough to presume that ANY one approach will work for
> EVERYBODY or for ABSOLUTELY ALL possible (past/present/future)
> software.  I don't think that any other approach I've seen proposed
> will protect so many people, so automatically, with so little
> interference with their existing methods and systems, and with so
> many other advantageous effects.

> I'm not suggesting you are. However, current state of the art systems
achieve 99+ percent success, 

...I guess that depends on how you define "success"...

> ...and for organizations with very large userbases, even that isn't enough.  

In any case, my proposed fine-mesh permissions system would eliminate a LARGE 
amount of the stuff that still is getting through.

> ...Unless your scheme can claim these sorts of numbers for nearly all people 
to begin with, then it isn't worth trying to convince people here. 

I don't agree.  I don't think we have to use a SINGLE tool and a SINGLE approach 
(and said as much above in fact).  

And in particular, virtually NONE of the other approaches we've been discussing 
here have the effects of substantially reducing viruses/worms (and those are how 
these zombie spambots, that in fact prove SO problematical for these other 
non-starting approaches that so many people seem so focused on, typically 
propagate).

> Most people on this list are only interested in systems which can deal with 
vast numbers of messages with little extra work.

Most people here seem to be fascinated by (and fixated on) technologically 
complicated solutions that require a major transformation of the planet's E-mail 
systems.  While it's tempting to look at those, and there are admittedly 
advantages to trying to truncate spam as close to the entry point as possible, I 
personally think it's more important to squash it (at least) before the end user 
is greatly inconvenienced by it.  And, of course, at SOME point of success in 
preventing it from being seen by anybody, it will cease being profitable for 
spammers and they'll simply go off to pursue some other scam instead.

There's nothing in my proposal that prevents it from being used in dealing with 
"vast numbers of messages", especially if it's implemented at the recipient 
level (Outlook/Outlook Express/Eudora/Pegasus/whatever).  There's PLENTY of 
end-user computing resources, if used responsibly, to deal with that stuff.

[snip]

>>> Moreover, you might not realize that SpamAssassin is bundled with
> bulk mail sending software precisely so that spammers can design
> their emails against SpamAssassin and tweak them until they pass the
> tests performed by SA, and only then start spamming.

>> Of course.  Most of those deceptions [mis-]use HTML or attachments.
> That's one big reason for encouraging users to limit the use of such
> features only to trusted senders.

> I don't seem to remember whether you explained how to initially deal
with (untrusted) people who (unwittingly, incapably) send exclusively
HTML burdened messages.

Probably, during a transition period a recipient will choose to receive (at 
least SOMEWHAT more) HTML than they maybe will allow in the long run.  Most 
people (clueless AOL and HOTMAIL types) probably don't send (even INTENTIONALLY, 
let alone by default) anything more complicated than fonts, sizes, colors, bold, 
underline, and the like.  Happily, those are pretty benign, for the most part.  
As they get more familiar with the system, recipients will have whitelisted 
their familiar senders, and might choose to clamp the default "allow" filter 
somewhat tighter than they initially did.  

Also, as an approach like mine becomes more widespread, groups like AOL and 
HOTMAIL that presently casually and sloppily turn on HTML-burdening with nary a 
thought might be inclined to be more responsible in that regard, realizing that 
HTML-burdened mail is less likely to be delivered in a more spam-defensive 
world.

Again, my approach really is a FINE-MESH filter, where it doesn't have to be 
(and indeed, SHOULD NOT be) as gross as "HTML" or "no HTML".  (Although 
honestly, I _personally_ would be inclined to block or at least quarantine HTML 
mail overall, if from a non-trusted sender).  But that should be a recipient 
option.

>>  Well, it WOULD be sufficient to block "large" (as defined by the
> recipient) messages coming from unknown senders.

> It is debatable whether large attachments are in fact an indicator of 
friendly (ie nonspam) messages. 

It doesn't really matter.  The FACT is that most folks have limited Inbox space 
and are NOT willing to devote unlimited amounts of it to people they don't know. 
 ISPs tend to have 5-10Mb Inboxes (although we're seeing some recent 
improvements in that area, fortunately) but still often limit incoming 
individual E-mail messages to some smaller size.  If someone checks their E-mail 
every day or two, they obviously don't want an E-mail to arrive 30 seconds after 
they look, which fills their inbox and causes all their other mail to bounce 
until they get around to checking again.

But there are NUMEROUS reasons to not want big messages from unknown folks.  
Limited Inbox size, more likely virus/worm content, and so forth.  It's just 
another (useful!) tool that can and should be made available in the war against 
E-mail nuisances and annoyances.

> Spammers tend to send small messages, unless they're trying to be clever, 

Sure, and that's nice... at least they aren't then wasting huge(r) amounts of 
bandwidth.

> ...while worms are as you pointed out a bit larger. 

Usually a GOOD bit larger... generally 45K to 200K, by the time they're encoded 
for E-mail attachment.

> But the truly large messages are sent by clueless people who will
write two lines in Word, include a BMP image, then attach the whole
document to an empty email message and send the lot...

Fine, and if I have a correspondent I want to hear from that tends to be 
belligerant about stuff like that, I can whitelist them and continue to let them 
do that.  Hopefully, before simply sighing and accepting that, I can ask them to 
please be more responsible in the future.  Meanwhile, we don't do ANYBODY on the 
Net any favors to bend over backwards to support and continue that kind of 
irresponsible practice.

>>> There are two avenues for worms under your scheme. Worms can get
> smaller in size, or worms can stay the same size and spread via
> trusted senders, by looking for regular correspondents in address
> books etc. Fifteen years ago viruses were less than 1K in size,
> there is no reason beyond lazyness why worms need to be around 25K.

>> All this use of heuristics can be evaded by various strategies.  If
> worms shrink to less than 25K, it might be that a recipient will
> shift their "allowed maximum unsolicited E-mail size" to 15K, or
> 10K, or maybe even 5K or something.  THAT IS *THEIR* CHOICE, and
> they aren't constrained to maintain the SAME choice.

> None of these suggestions is preventative, only reactive. You're
suggesting that attacks on your proposed spam defense should be
best handled by an arms race between the spammer and the user.
The spammers still have the initiative.

Ultimately, if we do our job well, we'll force the spammers (and viruses/worms) 
OUT of the E-mail arena entirely (much the way that diskette boot sector viruses 
have virtually gone extinct);  I suspect they'll retreat to malicious Web sites. 
 But that is a different war, and we'll proceed to that one (undoubtedly) in due 
course.

But I disagree with your claim that my approach isn't "preventative".  For most 
users, who install the system with default rules and who aren't deceived into 
re-enabling executable attachment delivery, they will PREVENT the delivery of 
executable attachments, PERIOD, and that doesn't depend on constantly updating 
antivirus files (which ARE reactive and INVARIABLY lag the appearance of new 
viruses).

>>> The devil is in the details, because the high level concepts in
> which you describe the scheme do not map perfectly into the low
> level concepts required for implementation.

>> There is no one SINGLE set of details required.  There is a wide
> leeway in terms of how the various aspects get implemented, and in
> fact this is an advantage...  it allows different companies to
> differentiate their products, while at the same time creating
> distinct products which probably will not share common potential
> weaknesses that a spammer might exploit.

> Right, various elements of what you propose (scanning for HTML,
blocking attachments) are widely implemented in many different
anti-spam products. 

Right, although I'm not aware of ANY of those which use a fine-grained 
permissions approach and which is based on a sender-by-sender basis.

I'm sure that fact will change, over time, since I'm convinced that it's a VERY 
sound approach and eventually other companies, I'm quite sure, will come to the 
same conclusion.

> One could argue that companies already have several pieces of your puzzle and 
have mixed and matched them as they like.

And that's a good sign.  Hopefully they'll get the pieces together in the right 
way.  

One BAD sign I've seen is that Microsoft (sigh) seems determined to build their 
antispam defenses into Exchange rather than Outlook/Outlook Express, which is 
terribly clueless;  the spam problem (like the virus/worm problem) will NEVER be 
solved if we only work on it at the corporate/enterprise level.  It needs to 
work in the mass-market tools that clueless individual Net users can use and 
understand.

>>> Some problems with whitelists: 

>>> Once you've whitelisted all your friends and colleagues, you depend on
> how good *their* spam defenses are. If they receive a worm, it can
> travel to you freely. 

>> No, ABSOLUTELY NOT, since my proposed "whitelist" is NOT just a simple yes/no 
> whitelist.

> You've talked about examining a limited set of properties such as existence of
attachments and of HTML tags. 

That's good on defaults, but the goal is for a much finer set of permissions 
than that.  Executable/PIF/scripting attachments are clearly a LOT less safe 
than GIF or text attachments are.  Javascript or ActiveX HTML tags are clearly a 
lot less safe than boldface or italics markup tags are.  Again, I think the real 
goal is to whitelist correspondents based on what you EXPECT and TRUST them to 
send;  it's hardly as if there's NO choice other than "guest" versus "root".

> Your whitelisted friend may have a trojan or worm which will send plain text 
advertisements to all people in his address book.

Sure, and if that "advertisement" makes it past the additional content filter, 
it might actually get delivered.  Again, I don't think it's possible to 
eliminate ALL illegitimate mail.  (I have one friend who tends to come home 
drunk on his butt and send almost completely illegible E-mails at three or four 
in the morning;  I don't expect or require that my E-mail filter block things 
like that... it's part of his personal charm and personality, I suppose.  But as 
long as I can reduce the really egregious volume of wasteful and intellectually 
insulting spam/worms/viruses to an occasional message or two, I personally don't 
have a big problem with that.

> If some combination of tags and attachments can get through, it will
get through eventually.
 
Sure, and as long as the volume of that is negligible, I don't consider it a 
huge problem.  I'm going to receive, after all, some amount of LEGITIMATE mail 
which will be less interesting and useful.

>>   1)  Most of my "friends and colleagues" don't REQUIRE explicit whitelisting 
> because the stuff they send me does not exceed the default (very safe) rules.

> That's great for you, but these issues must be addressed when proposing a
spam solution for the masses.

I think that'll be true for the masses, too.  Most people do NOT receive EXE 
files or JavaScript or ActiveX or JavaScript decryptors and obscured URLs in 
legitimate mail.  One can, I feel, make some pretty general rules which block 
(or at least tag, whatever) a lot of stuff without greatly inconveniencing 
recipients (but that's why THEY must be in control of the filter).

>>   2)  The ones I *would* whitelist don't automatically receive "wide open" 
> permissions.  I would allow individual senders to send me the type of stuff 
that 
> I might expect THEM as an INDIVIDUAL to send.  NONE of them, for example, are 
> likely to be permitted to send me (say) PIF attachments.  :-)   Likewise, VERY 
> few (if any) would be whitelisted to send me (say) ActiveX or cookies or 
> scripting.

> How do you recognize a PIF attachment? 

Clearly, by extension... the same way the operating system does.

> ...What if it's inside a ZIP file?

Then it's a ZIP file (which might contain one or more files inside it).  I don't 
need (or WANT!) to receive unsolicited ZIP files, especially if they're 
encrypted.  If someone has a legitimate need to send me a ZIP file, they can 
arrange that with me in advance... and I'll whitelist them to allow me that 
specific type of content.

> Inside an LHA file? Inside a zipped HTML file containing an embedded
OBJECT tag with a particular class ID pointing to external data? 

Likewise.  I'm willing to simply DENY anything suspicious like that to anybody 
who doesn't bother to get my permission for such stuff in advance.

> There are innumerable ways of sending malicious code with various levels of
obfuscation. 

Sure, and by simply blocking attachments and HTML from unknown/untrusted senders 
you eliminate basically ALL of those (at least for E-mail!).

> Spammers don't use them because the simple stuff works
quite well for now.

Sure, but (again) the basic approach of denying HTML and attachments from 
unknown senders eliminates basically ALL of those, in ONE FELL SWOOP.  Maybe you 
can come up with some more devious scheme, but then my feeling is that one can 
deny THAT class of deceptions in unsolicited mail from unknown senders, too.

>>  One of the advantages of my approach is that, in fact, people using
> it would block VIRTUALLY ALL incoming worms and viruses, EVEN IF
> they came (ostensibly) from people who they otherwise know and
> trust.

>>> And worm writers realize this, so it is one of their priorities.

>> You greatly underestimate the difficulty of evading the type of
> permissions-list filter such as I'm proposing.  Perhaps you still
> don't understand my approach; I'll be glad to try to explain it
> further.

> I think I sort of understand your approach. Your filter scans an
email's MIME structure, looking for particular types of
attachments. It also scans for some simple tags such as <FONT>, <A>,
etc., in the plain text attachments.

Likewise, of course in decodable text attachments (another common spammer 
trick).

> [Not all email uses MIME, not all MIME using email is correctly
generated. Not all MIME attachments contain what they are labeled as
containing, not all mail software interprets attachments according to
the labels either, but others do]. 

Of course, and that's why I remove HTML tags also from "plain text" attachments 
as well.

> If the sender is unknown, the mail is blocked if it contains the tags
you scan for or attachments labeled as forbidden. 

Yes, although my CURRENT implementation simply REMOVES the HTML alternative 
attachments entirely, in addition to removing HTML tags from remaining portions 
(including supposedly "plain text" portions).

> If the sender is known, the mail is blocked if it contains tags or attachments 
which are prohibited for that sender.

OK, although I'd change that to "not allowed" rather than "prohibited", because 
in general I think it makes more sense to specify (perhaps automatically, for a 
future implementation level) ALLOWED types.

> [It blocks mail from unknown people who use HTML or attachments or
large mail bodies, which is a sizable proportion of the email sending
population. People need to know enough about email structure to maintain
complex sets of permissions.]

Currently, I don't block mail that contains HTML attachments... as you point 
out, virtually all AOL mail and most HOTMAIL messages have HTML parts.  (OTOH, 
those tend to at least have 'well formed' HTML and MIME types...).  Instead, my 
current implementation simply strips the HTML portions from those messages (and 
HTML from the remaining parts) and proceeds with delivery.

As for knowing about "complex sets of permissions", that would depend on how the 
implementing software is designed.  Obviously, one approach would be that the 
recipient user could see either a summary of the blocked mail(s) (who it's from, 
the subject line, who it was addressed to, how big it was, why the filter 
blocked it, etc etc) and be given an option to "allow messages like this one 
from this sender in the future" which could open the filter rules and 
permissions for that sender to allow (just) those features through for future 
mails from that sender.  That doesn't really mean that the recipient has to 
understand each of those individual permissions.

> Blocked mail can be inspected individually, possibly by grouping 
according to some heuristics based on header fields or message structure.

Right.

> [For spam, header fields are both faked and randomized to thwart easy
grouping, as that would also make filtering easy. 

Fine, but at least you can see if the E-mails LOOK like those things you EXPECT 
to receive... say, mailing lists you know you belong to.

> ...If you receive 500 spams a day and wait a week to check them at your 
leisure, you have to wade through 3500 messages looking for the elusive 
incorrectly blocked email - 

If you had to check all of them individually, yes.  Again, that's not what I'm 
seeing here... I've got about 2000 E-mails quarantined since mid-August.  And 
there are some types of detection rules that I'm willing to provide global T-can 
rules on... such as non-listed senders who send me mails containing URLs like 
the-rxsite.com or cyberbargain.biz or hotpersonalads.info.  Honestly, I don't 
need to look at those E-mails, I'm reasonably sure that they're not legitimate 
(or, at a minimum, not important).

> ...that's still a chore, once a week, and the unfortunate sender
has been waiting for a response for a week].

If something is IMPORTANT and urgent, they can pick up the phone and call me.  
:-)  Occasional E-mails can (and do) go astray.  E-mail has NEVER been a 
guaranteed-delivery medium.

> Based on the above objections, I'm not convinced your system is
competitive (accuracy wise) with other systems for large
organizations. For individual use by power users, it appears to me to
be less work than custom keyword filters, but more work than personal
Bayesian filters.

Well, for one, it works FAR better than Bayesian filters do, since so many 
spammers devote so much effort to messing up those types.

More to the point, I'm not EXPECTING that I will *ever* convince everyone, and 
maybe not even you.  I know what *I* think works, and I'm convinced that it will 
work for most people (and better overall, than competing approaches).

> This is just my opinion based on our discussion, of course. 
For a serious evalutation, nothing beats physical deployment at 
multiple locations, and you at least pass the test of using your own
system yourself.

Thanks (at least to the extent that my present experimental implementation 
models portions of the more complete and polished implementation that I envision 
and propose).

Gordon Peterson                  http://personal.terabites.com/
1977-2002  Twenty-fifth anniversary year of Local Area Networking!
Support free and fair US elections!  http://stickers.defend-democracy.org
12/19/98: Partisan Republicans scornfully ignore the voters they "represent".
12/09/00: the date the Republican Party took down democracy in America.



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From asrg-bounces@ietf.org  Tue Dec  7 21:47:25 2004
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>> Well, if we keep working to make SMTP mail unusable by more people, more
> people
> might be FORCED into using Web mail, more often.  I don't think that's a
> very
> bright thing to do, in part because Web mail (just as accessing ANY Web
> sites)
> comes with its OWN whole new set of risks and dangers (malicious
> scripting,
> ActiveX, decryption of obscured content, text-as-image, cookies, etc etc),
> which
> if anything are MORE difficult to deal with and secure than SMTP mail is.

> Let me refresh ur memory that even MUAs can display HTML and hence we face
more or less the same problem in MUAs too.

Yes, although at least when we're dealing with (let's agree that we're talking 
mostly about POP3 here) E-mail, we can easily enough filter the message before 
the MUA gets it to block certain forms of potentially malicious (or at least 
"very dubious") HTML content, and we can do that with the knowledge of who (at 
least we believe that) the E-mail in question is coming from.  That makes the 
problem easier than handling the same things when they are coming into a Web 
browser, which probably doesn't give us a good intercept point and in any case 
doesn't provide any standardized way for us to determine who sent the E-mail (or 
whatever) that's on the Web page being viewed.

As I've said, Web-based stuff is a different (and harder) problem that we'll 
have to deal with eventually, but at the moment that's mostly just a diversion 
and distraction from what we need to deal with HERE.

> The idea is to send mail with
authentication and if a secured webmail does that one should prefer that
rather than banging their head against the wall just because we need
SMTP/POP to do the job which is done better by some other thing. 

Authentication proves NOTHING regarding legitimacy because a zombie spambot can 
trivially send what it sends using the authentication belonging to the hijacked 
system.

Authentication is also at least VERY problematical in cases like airport or 
cruise ship Internet access terminals/kiosks, where people need to use their OWN 
E-mail addresses but have absolutely **NO** control over which SMTP E-mail 
server will be used by the kiosk software.

> We should remember that our goal is to stop spam by whatever means possible,
protocol is just a medium.

Authentication does **NOTHING** to "stopping spam".  It only adds a few, 
relatively minor, restrictions on the technologies that spammers (and worms and 
viruses) use.

Gordon Peterson                  http://personal.terabites.com/
1977-2002  Twenty-fifth anniversary year of Local Area Networking!
Support free and fair US elections!  http://stickers.defend-democracy.org
12/19/98: Partisan Republicans scornfully ignore the voters they "represent".
12/09/00: the date the Republican Party took down democracy in America.



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>> Well, if we keep working to make SMTP mail unusable by more people,
>> more people might be FORCED into using Web mail, more often.  I
>> don't think that's a very bright thing to do, in part because Web
>> mail (just as accessing ANY Web sites)

I realize what's wrong with this argument.  In the early days of
cybercafes and Internet access at places like airports, the cafe or
airport always provided a computer since the computers of the time
were large enough and expensive enough that few people lugged their
own computers around.  Furthermore, getting your computer hooked into
someone else's network was a pain and usually involved some black art
manual configuration.

But now, everyone brings his own computer.  Laptops are cheap, and for
the most part network connections are self-configuring.  Around here,
one of the ISPs has lots of public hotspots, all of which are no more
than a WiFi access point.

This makes the port 25 issue much less important, since if you have
your own computer, you have a lot of reasonable options.  You can send
mail using port 587.  You can tunnel back to your home network and use
port 25 through the tunnel.  (That's what I do, using ssh to provide
the tunnel.)

How many people really send mail from public places using someone else's
computer?  Not many that I've seen.


-- 
John R. Levine, IECC, POB 727, Trumansburg NY 14886 +1 607 330 5711
johnl@iecc.com, Mayor, http://johnlevine.com, 
Member, Provisional board, Coalition Against Unsolicited Commercial E-mail

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From asrg-bounces@ietf.org  Wed Dec  8 00:39:51 2004
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>>How many people really send mail from public places using someone else's
>>computer?  Not many that I've seen.

In my travels to Europe and Russia I've discovered the internet cafes are
HUGELY popular and everyone is sending email from public places using public
computers.  I would say the amount of people in the world doing that is
quite large.

Mark
mwilson@iquoteshop.com


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From asrg-bounces@ietf.org  Wed Dec  8 01:41:10 2004
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>>> Well, if we keep working to make SMTP mail unusable by more people,
>>> more people might be FORCED into using Web mail, more often.  I
>>> don't think that's a very bright thing to do, in part because Web
>>> mail (just as accessing ANY Web sites)

>I realize what's wrong with this argument.  In the early days of
>cybercafes and Internet access at places like airports, the cafe or
>airport always provided a computer since the computers of the time
>were large enough and expensive enough that few people lugged their
>own computers around.  Furthermore, getting your computer hooked into
>someone else's network was a pain and usually involved some black art
>manual configuration.

>But now, everyone brings his own computer.  Laptops are cheap, and for
>the most part network connections are self-configuring.  Around here,
>one of the ISPs has lots of public hotspots, all of which are no more
>than a WiFi access point.

While that's true for some folks, it is CLEARLY not universally true.  

First of all, it is categorically **NOT** true that "everyone brings his own 
computer".  Public libraries, schools, cruise ships, and many other public 
access points use kiosks or regular PCs to provide public Internet access.

There ARE nowadays SOME cruise ships which ALSO offer "hot spots" for those who 
do bring along their portable computers, but I'm not aware of ANY cruise ships 
which presume that ALL passengers will bring their computer along... EVERY 
passenger ship I'm aware of which offers public Internet access also supplies 
the computers (at least as an alternative) for that purpose.

>This makes the port 25 issue much less important, since if you have
>your own computer, you have a lot of reasonable options.  You can send
>mail using port 587.  You can tunnel back to your home network and use
>port 25 through the tunnel.  (That's what I do, using ssh to provide
>the tunnel.)

And this whole thing is TYPICAL of those who try to DENY that there is a problem 
with this whole stupid SPF nonsense... by simple denial.  "Oh, that doesn't 
matter... I have my own computer, and the places I go offer hotspots, so you can 
send mail other than through the publicly provided mail server."  Fine for such 
people, but that is BY NO MEANS universal.  

>How many people really send mail from public places using someone else's
>computer?  Not many that I've seen.

I suggest that you open your eyes a little bit.

For starters, go to your nearest public library and tell me that they don't have 
normal PCs there for their public Internet access.  Try to find a cruise ship 
(that DOES offer public Internet access onboard) that doesn't have PCs onboard 
for the passengers to use for sending their E-mail.  

I guess some people figure that the users that don't cart around their own 
computers everywhere somehow just don't matter, or something.  

But that's part of why their approaches to solving this problem tend to be SO 
incredibly misguided and wrong-headed, too.  They simply prefer to ignore those 
people whose needs and requirements aren't the same as THEIRS are.

>-- 
>John R. Levine, IECC, POB 727, Trumansburg NY 14886 +1 607 330 5711
>johnl@iecc.com, Mayor, http://johnlevine.com, 
>Member, Provisional board, Coalition Against Unsolicited Commercial E-mail

Gordon Peterson                  http://personal.terabites.com/
1977-2002  Twenty-fifth anniversary year of Local Area Networking!
Support free and fair US elections!  http://stickers.defend-democracy.org
12/19/98: Partisan Republicans scornfully ignore the voters they "represent".
12/09/00: the date the Republican Party took down democracy in America.



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From asrg-bounces@ietf.org  Wed Dec  8 02:07:08 2004
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From: John Levine <asrg@johnlevine.com>
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>And this whole thing is TYPICAL of those who try to DENY that there
>is a problem with this whole stupid SPF nonsense...

Actually, I think that SPF sucks rocks for a variety of reasons.  I just
don't put the kiosk problem near the top of the list.

For a good time, check the SPF info for fairly.slow.sp.am and tell me
what the valid sending hosts are.  Bring along something to read while
you do.

>For starters, go to your nearest public library and tell me that they
>don't have normal PCs there for their public Internet access.

They do, but they don't offer MUAs.  If you want mail, you have to use
web mail.  The applications are limited to a web browser, some office
applications like a word processor, and a bunch of kids' educational
games.

Regards,
John Levine, johnl@taugh.com, Taughannock Networks, Trumansburg NY
http://www.taugh.com
-- 
John R. Levine, IECC, POB 727, Trumansburg NY 14886 +1 607 330 5711
johnl@iecc.com, Mayor, http://johnlevine.com, 
Member, Provisional board, Coalition Against Unsolicited Commercial E-mail

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From asrg-bounces@ietf.org  Wed Dec  8 02:37:46 2004
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] SMTP AUTH
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> Yes, although at least when we're dealing with (let's agree that we're
> talking
> mostly about POP3 here) E-mail, we can easily enough filter the message
> before
> the MUA gets it to block certain forms of potentially malicious (or at
> least
> "very dubious") HTML content, and we can do that with the knowledge of who
> (at
> least we believe that) the E-mail in question is coming from.  That makes
> the
> problem easier than handling the same things when they are coming into a
> Web
> browser, which probably doesn't give us a good intercept point and in any
> case
> doesn't provide any standardized way for us to determine who sent the
> E-mail (or
> whatever) that's on the Web page being viewed.

> As I've said, Web-based stuff is a different (and harder) problem that
> we'll
> have to deal with eventually, but at the moment that's mostly just a
> diversion
> and distraction from what we need to deal with HERE.
Filters can also be used prior to sending mail to web user.

>> The idea is to send mail with
> authentication and if a secured webmail does that one should prefer that
> rather than banging their head against the wall just because we need
> SMTP/POP to do the job which is done better by some other thing.
>
> Authentication proves NOTHING regarding legitimacy because a zombie
> spambot can
> trivially send what it sends using the authentication belonging to the
> hijacked
> system.
A zombie can send mail through SMTP not through HTTPS as of now
I'm talking about sending mail through secured webaccess after authentication

> Authentication is also at least VERY problematical in cases like airport
> or
> cruise ship Internet access terminals/kiosks, where people need to use
> their OWN
> E-mail addresses but have absolutely **NO** control over which SMTP E-mail
> server will be used by the kiosk software.

What is the %age of ppl using internet on cruise as compared to ppl using
internet on land at the same time. I dont know why you keep pushing the
idea of ppl on cruises.

>> We should remember that our goal is to stop spam by whatever means
>> possible,
> protocol is just a medium.
>
> Authentication does **NOTHING** to "stopping spam".  It only adds a few,
> relatively minor, restrictions on the technologies that spammers (and
> worms and
> viruses) use.
Again I was not only talking about Authentication. Atleast it stops forgery.
which still helps fighting spam in a way.

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From: Bill Cole <asrg2@billmail.scconsult.com>
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At 9:33 PM -0800 12/7/04, Mark Wilson wrote:
>>>How many people really send mail from public places using someone else's
>>>computer?  Not many that I've seen.
>
>In my travels to Europe and Russia I've discovered the internet cafes are
>HUGELY popular and everyone is sending email from public places using public
>computers.  I would say the amount of people in the world doing that is
>quite large.

Wrong metric. There are a lot of very popular behaviors that should 
be discouraged whenever possible, NOT accommodated and lubricated. A 
sizable fraction of mail users will open any attachment they get, so 
the approach of making the popular act slick brought us mailers that 
auto-open attachments.

Using the Internet from a public access Windows machine that is 
administered with an eye to keeping costs down is unsound, unsafe 
behavior. It might be acceptable if all of those machines were 
managed by a skilled team of professionals and/or were running 
systems designed to shield themselves and their overall user 
population from the recklessness of one user, but that's generally 
not so.

Breaking that sort of behavior in a consistent standard way would be 
a very good thing.


-- 
Bill Cole
bill@scconsult.com


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To: "'gep2@terabites.com'" <gep2@terabites.com>, asrg@ietf.org,
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> Authentication proves NOTHING regarding legitimacy because a 
> zombie spambot can 
> trivially send what it sends using the authentication 
> belonging to the hijacked 
> system.

This is not true unless you insist on the myopic strategy of examining each
email independently with no ability to save state. 

A long time ago it was fashionable to study 'game theory', in particular the
prisoner's dilema games that Axelrod used as a model for mutually assured
destruction strategy. The point missed by most (but not all) researchers
that continued after Axelrod was that in any situation other than nuclear
deterence the game is played repeatedly. Once the participants know that it
will be repeated their behaviors change and they no longer end up opting for
the worst case scenario every time.

It is the same here, if you have ONLY the email streams and NO external
accreditation data then you can soon start to identify patterns such as
'mail from example.com is consistently legitimate'. This is almost certainly
how most of the spam filtering vendors use SPF data today.

The disadvantage to this scheme is that it depends on having previously
established a reputation. There is no way to break in unless a door is left
for the spammers.

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On Wed, 8 Dec 2004, "Hallam-Baker, Phillip" <pbaker@verisign.com> wrote:
>
>> Authentication proves NOTHING regarding legitimacy because a 
>> zombie spambot can 
>> trivially send what it sends using the authentication 
>> belonging to the hijacked 
>> system.

>This is not true unless you insist on the myopic strategy of examining each
>email independently with no ability to save state. 

>A long time ago it was fashionable to study 'game theory', in particular the
>prisoner's dilema games that Axelrod used as a model for mutually assured
>destruction strategy. The point missed by most (but not all) researchers
>that continued after Axelrod was that in any situation other than nuclear
>deterence the game is played repeatedly. Once the participants know that it
>will be repeated their behaviors change and they no longer end up opting for
>the worst case scenario every time.

>It is the same here, if you have ONLY the email streams and NO external
>accreditation data then you can soon start to identify patterns such as
>'mail from example.com is consistently legitimate'. This is almost certainly
>how most of the spam filtering vendors use SPF data today.

The problem with such "reputation" approaches is that they cut both ways.  Aunt 
Gertrude (presumably) HAD a good reputation, BEFORE her system got infected with 
a virus (in fact, spammers and worm authors probably COUNT on the fact that the 
system they're infecting HAD a good reputation;  that's part of what enables 
them to wreak the havoc they do).

The fact that it IS infected today (and sending copies of itself like mad, and 
she maybe doesn't even know yet) doesn't make her LEGITIMATE mail she 
occasionally is still sending out less legitimate or important.

And of course, once her system is clean again, now she has a (probably GLOBAL) 
"reputation" as a spammer/infected/deadbeat, which damage could take a lot of 
time (and money) to undo.

>The disadvantage to this scheme is that it depends on having previously
>established a reputation. There is no way to break in unless a door is left
>for the spammers.

Yes, and that's part of also what's wrong with SPF and similar type approaches. 
 They do little or nothing to prevent someone (who IS after all "authenticated") 
sending me a virus/worm that would turn my machine into a zombie spambot.  
Antivirus programs generally only trigger on KNOWN exploits and KNOWN code;  so 
ALL viruses and worms are at their most virulent and most dangerous BEFORE 
they're detected by ANY of the flock of A-V programs out there (not even talking 
about the delay between them being detected, and the time when users 
periodically do their updates).  My approach, unlike most of these others, goes 
a VERY long way towards simply prohibiting the problem ENTIRELY, by creating a 
VERY narrow and twisty gauntlet that a virus or worm would have to take to make 
it even as far as the antispam content filter.  (And indeed, for most users, 
that narrow and twisty gauntlet would lead at the end to a reinforced concrete 
wall, for the great majority of users who would leave the default so that NOBODY 
could send them executable attachments in E-mails at all!).  

The downside of my approach is precisely that you ARE protected against 
potentially dangerous E-mails from people you don't know, and against suspicious 
(because they're "unusual") ones coming (supposedly) from folks you DO know.  So 
to the extent that you personally feel it necessary to open that window of 
exposure a little wider, you are responsible for determining the level of risk 
you're willing to assume, and (for the most part) on a sender-by-sender basis.  
 
Is that a good bargain?  *I* sure think it is.

(On the other hand, perhaps some people REALLY LIKE the fact that someone 
they've never heard of can freely send them a 240Kbyte PIF file to click on, or 
a 4Mb .EXE file out of the blue, go figure... but that's the sort of stupid 
stuff that most all the other approaches we're talking about here do ABSOLUTELY 
NOTHING AT ALL about!!!).


Gordon Peterson                  http://personal.terabites.com/
1977-2002  Twenty-fifth anniversary year of Local Area Networking!
Support free and fair US elections!  http://stickers.defend-democracy.org
12/19/98: Partisan Republicans scornfully ignore the voters they "represent".
12/09/00: the date the Republican Party took down democracy in America.



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> -----Original Message-----
> From: asrg-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:asrg-bounces@ietf.org] On 
> Behalf Of gep2@terabites.com
> The problem with such "reputation" approaches is that they 
> cut both ways.  Aunt 
> Gertrude (presumably) HAD a good reputation, BEFORE her 
> system got infected with 
> a virus (in fact, spammers and worm authors probably COUNT on 
> the fact that the 
> system they're infecting HAD a good reputation;  that's part 
> of what enables 
> them to wreak the havoc they do).

OK, there is more than one problem to solve. But we have to start somewhere.
How do viruses spread in the first place? Mostly through spam. So there is a
value in breaking the cycle. If you need a botnet to acquire a botnet then
the problem is limited to the existing botnets and new entrants are
excluded.


> The fact that it IS infected today (and sending copies of 
> itself like mad, and 
> she maybe doesn't even know yet) doesn't make her LEGITIMATE mail she 
> occasionally is still sending out less legitimate or important.

OK HOW is it sending the spams out? Only way that is going to work is to
relay through the ISP so that the spams can take account of the ISP
reputation. It is not difficult to implement rate limiting at the ISP level.


> Antivirus programs generally only trigger on KNOWN exploits 
> and KNOWN code;  so 
> ALL viruses and worms are at their most virulent and most 
> dangerous BEFORE 
> they're detected by ANY of the flock of A-V programs out 
> there (not even talking 

That is not our enerprise config, all executable content is blocked. There
is a small window of vulnerability due to bugs swuch as the JPEG bug but
these are easily fixed through SMS patch updates.

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>> The problem with such "reputation" approaches is that they 
>> cut both ways.  Aunt 
>> Gertrude (presumably) HAD a good reputation, BEFORE her 
>> system got infected with 
>> a virus (in fact, spammers and worm authors probably COUNT on 
>> the fact that the 
>> system they're infecting HAD a good reputation;  that's part 
>> of what enables 
>> them to wreak the havoc they do).

>OK, there is more than one problem to solve. 

Thank you for appreciating that fact.

>But we have to start somewhere.

Right, but it helps little to start with something where we can SEE the MAJOR 
problems and limitations with the approach before we even set off down that 
path.

There's this overriding feeling that "we need to do SOMETHING" even if that 
'something' is stupid and ill-considered.  Let's do something that makes more 
sense, long-term.

>How do viruses spread in the first place? Mostly through spam. 

I guess that depends on the virus, and your definition of spam.  We agree that 
spammers often USE viruses and worms to set up their spambot zombie armies;  
it's less clear that the spammers themselves actually WROTE those worms (my 
guess is that they pay hackers to create them...).  As for me, I don't think 
I've EVER seen a virus or worm that came here attached to anything that I'd 
classify as spam (i.e. with a unsolicited, commercial, advertising-type message 
attached to it).  So I think it's rather more the OTHER way:  viruses and worms 
often hijack systems, which are then used to send spam.  So probably, IMHO, it's 
more useful to stop the spread of viruses and worms (which my approach will do, 
I feel, a pretty good job of) but for which these authentication/reputation/etc 
approaches will have little effect on.

>So there is a
>value in breaking the cycle. If you need a botnet to acquire a botnet then
>the problem is limited to the existing botnets and new entrants are
>excluded.

SPF and its ilk do basically NOTHING to prevent authenticated, zombie-ized 
machines from propagating viruses and worms by E-mail (or spam, for that 
matter).  They only (and arguably that) prevent (sort of) counterfeiting return 
addresses, but even only achieve that with ugly side effects for legitimate 
users who need to be able to send mail with their personal E-mail address 
through a variety of (sometimes unexpected) outgoing SMTP servers (as in the 
case of the cruise ship Internet cafe).

>> The fact that it IS infected today (and sending copies of 
>> itself like mad, and 
>> she maybe doesn't even know yet) doesn't make her LEGITIMATE mail she 
>> occasionally is still sending out less legitimate or important.

>OK HOW is it sending the spams out? 

It could be as simple as telling her copy of Outlook to send them for it.

>Only way that is going to work is to
>relay through the ISP so that the spams can take account of the ISP
>reputation. It is not difficult to implement rate limiting at the ISP level.

That depends on how you're trying to enforce those limitations.  For example, 
one of my consulting customers recently found that he couldn't send E-mails out 
any more (although his wife could send her mails from the same machine).  I 
proposed that either his domain provider's mail server, i.e.

  smtp.hisdomainname.com

was down, or else his DSL provider was choosing to block his attempts to send 
mail through smtp.hisdomainname.com.  And of course, when he tried to use SMTP 
AUTH and use mail.dspcompany.com, they wouldn't authorize his 
sale@hisdomainname.com E-mail address.  Now, in his case, he was able to work 
things out (with some difficulty and hassle, and a lot of time on the phone... 
and this time costs real money, too) with dspcompany.com, at least temporarily, 
but these kinds of problems tend to recur (and even become more frequent) as 
these companies try to implement these fairly clueless, global kinds of antispam 
barriers.  

>> Antivirus programs generally only trigger on KNOWN exploits 
>> and KNOWN code;  so 
>> ALL viruses and worms are at their most virulent and most 
>> dangerous BEFORE 
>> they're detected by ANY of the flock of A-V programs out 
>> there (not even talking 

>That is not our enerprise config, all executable content is blocked. There
>is a small window of vulnerability due to bugs swuch as the JPEG bug but
>these are easily fixed through SMS patch updates.

And that's part of the problem.  These kinds of barriers are typically used by 
ENTERPRISES but they represent the SMALLER percentage of total systems out 
there.  (And note that these zombie armies can just as easily be used to launch 
massive DDOS attacks against enterprises as they can be used to send spam).

DDOS attacks, by their nature, CANNOT be defended against by enterprises (or 
anybody else) since by the time they arrive at the enterprise's systems, the 
damage has largely already been done.  And (like using a magnifying glass to 
focus sunlight on a helpless ant) until they arrive at the destination, the 
attack is diffuse and essentially harmless, until it arrives focused on the tiny 
spot of the victim.  

Ultimately, this is a war that CAN NOT be won at the enterprise level, we MUST 
come up with solutions that work for ORDINARY USERS and these are people that do 
NOT run Exchange and do not run these costly enterprise-class "security" 
packages.

If we got Microsoft to put something like I propose into ALL copies of Outlook 
and Outlook Express, we would take a VERY large chunk out of the global 
virus/worm problem, and make a serious dent in the spam problem as well.

Even UNIVERSAL, WORLDWIDE adoption of SPF, SMTP AUTH, and other proposed 
"authenticated sender" and other such anti-counterfeiting-of-return-address 
approaches wouldn't come even close to achieving the same result... and have 
MUCH more serious, unwanted side effects.

Gordon Peterson                  http://personal.terabites.com/
1977-2002  Twenty-fifth anniversary year of Local Area Networking!
Support free and fair US elections!  http://stickers.defend-democracy.org
12/19/98: Partisan Republicans scornfully ignore the voters they "represent".
12/09/00: the date the Republican Party took down democracy in America.



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From asrg-bounces@ietf.org  Wed Dec  8 16:31:23 2004
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Subject: RE: [Asrg] Re: Disaster looming: SPF
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> My concern about SPF is that it is now a legacy system and that people need
to understand that they cannot play with it as much as they would like. 

This is just the kind of "fait accompli" bullshit that we saw coming.  SPF's 
proponents argue about how it's "optional" and "not required" but meanwhile try 
to make it EXACTLY that.  Then they say, "gee, it's now in place" and "we can't 
really change it _now_..."

> SPF has seen extensive deployment and despite the issues that broke up MARID 
is still backed by all the major ISPs and every major industry thought leader -
here including OSS as industry.

It's a braindead, ill-conceived scheme and those people who deployed it KNOWING 
FULL WELL that it had these warts ought to know be forced to bear the costs of 
their folly!

> The only place SPF and Sender-ID are still disputed is in the academy.

Rubbish.  

> Frankly my opinion on that quarter is the same as that of Dentrassi cooks on
subjects other than cuisine and mixing drinks.

> The point about authentication is not that it will stop spam... 

But of course, that's what it was ALWAYS PRESENTED in the same breath as... the 
same kind of lies and deceptions and misrepresentations that have been used to 
justify major wars by equally dishonest liars.  :-(((

> ...but that providing an authentication mechanism is a pre-condition for 
deployment of any scheme that moves beyond content filtering and blacklists.

Sorry, but I simply DO NOT AGREE with that.  Nor, for that matter, do I feel 
that "moving beyond" content filtering and blacklists are necessarily even 
DESIRABLE, on balance (in particular, if the major costs and hassles are not 
justfied by whatever minor advantages and improvements there might be).

But to claim that "an authentication mechanism" is a precondition for ANY AND 
ALL other technologies, including technologies not yet proposed, is clearly 
ridiculous.

Gordon Peterson                  http://personal.terabites.com/
1977-2002  Twenty-fifth anniversary year of Local Area Networking!
Support free and fair US elections!  http://stickers.defend-democracy.org
12/19/98: Partisan Republicans scornfully ignore the voters they "represent".
12/09/00: the date the Republican Party took down democracy in America.



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From asrg-bounces@ietf.org  Wed Dec  8 18:07:56 2004
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>> Yes, although at least when we're dealing with (let's agree that we're
> talking
> mostly about POP3 here) E-mail, we can easily enough filter the message
> before
> the MUA gets it to block certain forms of potentially malicious (or at
> least
> "very dubious") HTML content, and we can do that with the knowledge of who
> (at
> least we believe that) the E-mail in question is coming from.  That makes
> the
> problem easier than handling the same things when they are coming into a
> Web
> browser, which probably doesn't give us a good intercept point and in any
> case
> doesn't provide any standardized way for us to determine who sent the
> E-mail (or
> whatever) that's on the Web page being viewed.

>> As I've said, Web-based stuff is a different (and harder) problem that
> we'll
> have to deal with eventually, but at the moment that's mostly just a
> diversion
> and distraction from what we need to deal with HERE.

> Filters can also be used prior to sending mail to web user.

Sure, they could, but then they must (presumably) be deployed at some other 
point than at the recipient end, perhaps at the Web server end, where it's far 
more difficult to adapt their rules to the choices of the recipient.  It also is 
harder as a rule to get ISP concurrence to install stuff like this, as opposed 
to something that the end user/recipient can install by themself and without 
getting hassled for it.

>>> The idea is to send mail with
> authentication and if a secured webmail does that one should prefer that
> rather than banging their head against the wall just because we need
> SMTP/POP to do the job which is done better by some other thing.

>> Authentication proves NOTHING regarding legitimacy because a zombie
> spambot can
> trivially send what it sends using the authentication belonging to the
> hijacked
> system.

> A zombie can send mail through SMTP not through HTTPS as of now

  1)  Web protection is a separate issue.  Let's address that issue later.

  2)  How long do you think it would take a capable hacker to create a worm that 
sent mail using HTTPS?  Two weeks?  A month?  Anyhow, it's likely to be a lot 
less time than it takes us to convert the world to "authenticated" mail.

> I'm talking about sending mail through secured webaccess after authentication

And I presume that means that you're simply going to tell everyone using (and 
preferring) SMTP-based E-mail that they can't use it anymore?

And what about SMTP mail senders that are built into backend applications 
worldwide?  You're just going to wave some kind of magic wand and make all that 
stuff disappear, too?

>> Authentication is also at least VERY problematical in cases like airport
> or
> cruise ship Internet access terminals/kiosks, where people need to use
> their OWN
> E-mail addresses but have absolutely **NO** control over which SMTP E-mail
> server will be used by the kiosk software.

> What is the %age of ppl using internet on cruise as compared to ppl using
internet on land at the same time. I dont know why you keep pushing the
idea of ppl on cruises.

Because it's a good example of the type of LEGIMATE, IMPORTANT use that people 
who ought to know better seem to be willing to IGNORE.  You can't push an agenda 
that works for 80% or even 95% of the users, if it leaves the remaining 20% or 
5% (whose systems PRESENTLY WORK WELL) totally high and dry.

>>> We should remember that our goal is to stop spam by whatever means
>> possible,
> protocol is just a medium.

>> Authentication does **NOTHING** to "stopping spam".  It only adds a few,
> relatively minor, restrictions on the technologies that spammers (and
> worms and
> viruses) use.

> Again I was not only talking about Authentication. Atleast it stops forgery.
which still helps fighting spam in a way.

No, it really doesn't.  

Not only does it NOT prevent zombie spambots from forging their infected 
machine's E-mail address onto their outgoing worms and spams, but stuff like SPF 
also doesn't even prevent forging SOME OTHER machine's authenticated E-mail 
address... If you send using (say) johnuser@comcast.net, that mail will 
SPF-authenticate to (presumably) ANY Comcast mail server, anywhere in the world, 
where comcast.net mail is presumed to legitimately originate.  So a compromised 
comcast.net (authenticated) user machine can presumably send mail claiming to be 
from A DIFFERENT Comcast.net user halfway across the country, as long as they 
have the necessary passwords maybe (which can be transmitted by a compromised 
machine) since there are probably hundreds and maybe THOUSANDS of mail servers 
which are "authorized" to send mail from users using the comcast.net domain name 
for a return address.

Let's quit being dishonest about this.  SPF and the like does NOT help 
significantly in fighting spam.  That's merely being used as a pretext to sell 
it, much as "terrorism" is being used as a widely-understood pretext for selling 
the waging of a war that is otherwise unjustified.  Both are shameful and 
dishonest.  Those of us WHO KNOW BETTER should not allow ourselves to be duped, 
or to be misled into blindly supporting a halfassed, stupid bandwagon just 
because it's headed off somewhere and the band is playing loudly.

Gordon Peterson                  http://personal.terabites.com/
1977-2002  Twenty-fifth anniversary year of Local Area Networking!
Support free and fair US elections!  http://stickers.defend-democracy.org
12/19/98: Partisan Republicans scornfully ignore the voters they "represent".
12/09/00: the date the Republican Party took down democracy in America.



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>>> How many people really send mail from public places using someone else's
>>>computer?  Not many that I've seen.

>> In my travels to Europe and Russia I've discovered the internet cafes are
>HUGELY popular and everyone is sending email from public places using public
>computers.  I would say the amount of people in the world doing that is
>quite large.

> Wrong metric. There are a lot of very popular behaviors that should 
be discouraged whenever possible, NOT accommodated and lubricated. 

Ok, so now you want to CHANGE the way the WORLD uses the Internet, just to suit 
YOUR thinking on the matter?  GOOD LUCK!!!!

> A sizable fraction of mail users will open any attachment they get, so 
the approach of making the popular act slick brought us mailers that 
auto-open attachments.

Good point.  The better solution is to simply prevent such attachments from 
being delivered, if they pose a substantial risk.  That way, by the time they 
get to the user machine, they are protected against their own carelessness.

> Using the Internet from a public access Windows machine that is 
administered with an eye to keeping costs down is unsound, unsafe 
behavior. 

The *FACT* of the matter is that *most* Internet-connected machines, NOT ONLY 
JUST those at public access places, are operated and administered by people who 
are less savvy and I (and presumably you) are.  But you know what?  WE CAN'T 
CHANGE THAT!

> It might be acceptable if all of those machines were 
managed by a skilled team of professionals and/or were running 
systems designed to shield themselves and their overall user 
population from the recklessness of one user, but that's generally 
not so.

To be fair, it's getting better.  XP SP2 is much improved, and it's just about 
the first major release since Microsoft's major effort at security has started 
getting taken (very) seriously.  If you were to look at how most cruise ship 
Internet cafes are set up, they are generally in fact pretty tightly battened 
down.  I'm not sure that a Linux box set up and administered by someone equally 
clueless would be any safer (and maybe less so).

> Breaking that sort of behavior in a consistent standard way would be 
a very good thing.

Fine, but that's also vanishingly unlikely to happen.  What we need, instead, is 
some kind of SIMPLE, UNDERSTANDABLE approach that ordinary people can put in and 
administer and use every day, without great difficulty... and which protects 
them against most of these E-mail annoyances and hazards.

Gordon Peterson                  http://personal.terabites.com/
1977-2002  Twenty-fifth anniversary year of Local Area Networking!
Support free and fair US elections!  http://stickers.defend-democracy.org
12/19/98: Partisan Republicans scornfully ignore the voters they "represent".
12/09/00: the date the Republican Party took down democracy in America.



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From asrg-bounces@ietf.org  Wed Dec  8 21:15:43 2004
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Subject: [Asrg] Looking for a writer to write spam for Free Software
	Magazine?
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If you're interested in writing for him, please contact him directly.

I asked, at this point there's no money, only glory.

Regards,
John Levine, johnl@iecc.com, Primary Perpetrator of "The Internet for Dummies",
Information Superhighwayman wanna-be, http://iecc.com/johnl, Mayor
"I dropped the toothpaste", said Tom, crestfallenly.

---------- Forwarded message ----------
Date: Wed, 8 Dec 2004 21:45:50 +0100
From: Tony Mobily <mobily@mobily.com>
To: chairs@asrg.sp.am
Subject: An article about SPAM for Free Software Magazine?

Hello,

My name is Tony Mobily. I am the project coordinator for Free Software
Magazine (http://www.freesoftwaremagazine.com).

I am looking for somebody willing to write an article about SPAM.
The article's title is "SPAM: current protocol problems and ongoing
discussions".
The article should cover, amongst other topics:

-Open relays
-SPF
-DNS Blackhole lists and their advantages and disadvantages
-Greylisting

Please see the "write for us" section of our web site for more
information (http://www.freesoftwaremagazine.com/write_for_us/).

Thanks a lot,

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From asrg-bounces@ietf.org  Wed Dec  8 21:30:43 2004
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Date: Thu, 9 Dec 2004 12:05:46 +1000
From: Laird Breyer <laird@lbreyer.com>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: "worm spam" and SPF
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Just a few points below, as the last email was becoming so long
that it's hard to follow.

Regarding HTML and MIME obfuscation tricks: 

I still don't agree that you are proposing things that aren't easily
evaded by determined spammers (explained below). When asked about
mislabeled attachment types, you suggest (unless I misunderstand) that
you can simply ignore the problem and scan the body directly for the kind of
regular expressions associated whith HTML tags and remove them.

Besides destroying (and in the process subtly breaking) the message
contents, which has serious user privacy issues, it won't stop all
HTML from bypassing the filter.

For example, message parts can be encoded in several formats
(UUENCODE, Base64, Quoted-Printable etc) with arbitrary levels of
nesting. (e.g. a message/rfc822 containing a message/rfc822 containing
a message/rfc822 containing a message/rfc822 containing a
message/rfc822 containing..., with each layer encoded differently. And
the very first layer might be labeled a GIF file.)

Whatever regular expression for an HTML tag you come up with, it can
easily be made unrecognizable. Even the interpretation of HTML tags
can be redefined on-the-fly if it comes to that. But say you keep up
to date with tricks designed to make a complex payload look innocuous
to simple minded filters, then you are on the losing side of such an
arms race, because a spammer need only change their email, while you
need to patch your software with new regular expressions and redeploy
it to all the customers every time.

Note also that it is straightforward for spammers to deduce the checks
made if they have access to your software (as they invariably will if
it becomes widely deployed), so there is little point in not
discussing specific parsing techniques publicly. It only makes
discussion imprecise and harder to see any flaws.

Some direct points:

You argue that perhaps the most important overall function is to block
the spread of viruses, worms and zombies, as these are the current
enabling technology. If so, you should address that problem directly,
as it has much wider scope than the "attachment" problem.  

Blocking attachments, if widesread, will only achieve that the payload
is moved from the email body to an external server. Users are then
tricked to open an external connection which downloads the malware in
any of a wide variety of ways, and still sends spam from then
on. Meanwhile, in the process you destroy the user's reasonable
expectation that their email is delivered as-is, unless they are in
some first class relationship with you.

Another issue is the use of your system in conjunction with a content
filter. If you remove/modify the mail content before passing it to a
content filter which is expected to handle the hard cases, you may be
shooting yourself in the foot. Modern content filters often have many
rules which are optimized to work together, but are not necessarily
optimized to work on mangled email.

A few points about "Bayesian" systems: 

To my knowledge, no successful attack has been performed on such
systems yet. There is a lot of garbage in mail to try to pass through
the statistical filtering, but just like you look for nonsense tokens
as an indicator of spam on a case by case basis, such nonsense tokens
if present easily tip the balance toward spam in a statistical filter,
automatically.

In some ways, these systems are a generalization of where you are headed.
For example, where you have code such as "if rule X is triggered or rule Y
is triggered" (with rules X and Y being statements about email structure or
presence of HTML etc), a Bayesian system will put weights on rule X and rule
Y, combining the weights to obtain a belief about the message. But that is
for another discussion.


-- 
Laird Breyer.

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On 12/5/2004 4:49 PM, Frank Ellermann sent forth electrons to convey:

>Matthew Elvey wrote:
>
>  
>
>>SPF breaks MUCH MORE than is necessary to achive sender
>>authorization and authentication.
>>    
>>
>That's not true.  
>
SPF breaks (some) forwarding. 
SPF breaks configurations of users* who send from more than one address!
These were discussed here before, yet you are you denying the breakage.

CSV achives sender authorization and authentication without such breakage!

>SPF is simply a way to enumerate all IPs of
>MTAs using HELO do.ma.in or MAIL FROM:<user@do.ma.in>
>
The drafts claim to do a lot more than that.  (Also, SPF is marketed as 
a way to identify and discard junk email.)

>
>  
>
>>A bigger problem is the ISP end-user support nightmare
>>looming around the corner: the reconfiguration of every power
>>user's MUA, since SPF breaks their current configuration.
>>    
>>
>
>How do you define "power user", direct-to-MX maybe ?  
>
No, see comment*.

>
>  
>
>>It's not going to happen.
>>    
>>
>
>  
>
Ok, it would cost comcast alone $58 million to reconfigure their 
population to use mail servers 'correctly' to avoid port 25 blocking, 
according to news articles.  How much will it cost to reconfigure the 
world's users with more than one email address to use the 'correct' 
(according to SPF) mail server for each address - if their mail software 
even supports such a configuration!?  :(

>Just watch while it's happening, worms and spammers daily forge
>addresses of innocent bystanders, and everybody hit by the side
>effects of these forgeries is an SPF addict within hours.  
>
Sorry, but I'm hit by these side effects, but I'm no SPF addict. What 
big sources of backscatter are going to stop sending me spew if I start 
taking the SPF drug?  Heck, elvey.com has an SPF record with a ~all, and 
it _still_ gets tons of backscatter.

* http://www.imc.org/ietf-mxcomp/mail-archive/msg01175.html :
Are users forced to send through MTAs authorized for the domain they use 
in outgoing mail: no for CSV, yes for SPF.
Wow, that's not a lot of systems that need touching in order to continue 
to work, relatively speaking! (Around 2 orders of magnitude (10000% in 
marketspeak) greater than CSV).


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Matthew Elvey wrote:

>> SPF is simply a way to enumerate all IPs of
>> MTAs using HELO do.ma.in or MAIL FROM:<user@do.ma.in>

> The drafts claim to do a lot more than that.

The essence is PASS - INCONCLUSIVE - FAIL, and for a given
domain and SMTP dialogue any IP is in exactly one of these
sets.  Yes, the drafts allow to construct per-user-policies
where the LHS can play a role, and there are a lot of more
or less useful subcategries of INCONCLUSIVE like "none",
"unknown", "softfail", "temperror", and "permerror", but
the essence is PASS - INCONCLUSIVE - FAIL.

> SPF is marketed as a way to identify and discard junk email.

That's like most marketing beside the point.  I'm very unhappy
if somebody markets SPF as FUSSP, because it's not.  Getting a
PASS is easy, only a PASS in cojunction with white lists makes
sense.  The real power of SPF as stand-alone solution is FAIL.
Spammers can avoid a SPF FAIL.  That's no bug, that's the idea.

>> How do you define "power user", direct-to-MX maybe ?
> No, see comment*.

If your definition of "power user" is "anybody with more than
one address", then my vintage '97 MUA has no problem with SPF:

I just write mails using From: nobody@xyzzy and collect it in
a file "outbox".  And when I'm online I send it.  My MUA then
automatically uses the MAIL FROM corresponding to the account.

Why should I say MAIL FROM:<nobody@xyzzy> when sending via
mailto.t-online.de ?  BTW, even if I'd try this stunt the MSA
would automatically patch both 2821 and 2822 From.
  
Another MSA I've used until Nov 30 was mail2.hamburg.de, it
insisted on a MAIL FROM:<f-e@hamburg>  It was impossible for
me to get it wrong (enforced submission rights, see RfC 2476).

The one relay where I have a chance to screw up supports SMTP
AUTH and then allows any MAIL FROM.  But if I select the user
profile for this relay I can again send any mail in my "outbox"
with the correct MAIL FROM:<my.address@4th.provider.example>

But IMHO all this has nothing to do with a "power user", it's
obvious, you can't use your ebay password at amazon and v.v.,
even kids would understand this (after two simple tests ;-)

> elvey.com has an SPF record with a ~all

Yes, ~all (SOFTFAIL) is IMNSHO a bad idea in SPF, test -all if
you want real FAILs.  It worked for me (after about 4 months),
back from daily 1000 to zero bogus bounces / challenges / etc.

                        Bye, Frank



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>> The only place SPF and Sender-ID are still disputed is in the
>> academy.
> Rubbish.

Really?  I think just about everybody else has either started using it
or dismissed it; I don't see much dispute.  I certainly have learned
that there's no point trying to dispute it with hts more vocal
proponents.

/~\ The ASCII				der Mouse
\ / Ribbon Campaign
 X  Against HTML	       mouse@rodents.montreal.qc.ca
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From: Devdas Bhagat <devdas@dvb.homelinux.org>
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: Disaster looming: SPF
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On 09/12/04 13:43 +0100, Frank Ellermann wrote:
> Matthew Elvey wrote:
> 
> >> SPF is simply a way to enumerate all IPs of
> >> MTAs using HELO do.ma.in or MAIL FROM:<user@do.ma.in>
> 
> > The drafts claim to do a lot more than that.
> 
> The essence is PASS - INCONCLUSIVE - FAIL, and for a given
> domain and SMTP dialogue any IP is in exactly one of these
> sets.  Yes, the drafts allow to construct per-user-policies
> where the LHS can play a role, and there are a lot of more
> or less useful subcategries of INCONCLUSIVE like "none",
> "unknown", "softfail", "temperror", and "permerror", but
> the essence is PASS - INCONCLUSIVE - FAIL.
> 
> > SPF is marketed as a way to identify and discard junk email.
> 
> That's like most marketing beside the point.  I'm very unhappy
> if somebody markets SPF as FUSSP, because it's not.  Getting a
> PASS is easy, only a PASS in cojunction with white lists makes
> sense.  The real power of SPF as stand-alone solution is FAIL.
> Spammers can avoid a SPF FAIL.  That's no bug, that's the idea.
> 
> >> How do you define "power user", direct-to-MX maybe ?
> > No, see comment*.
> 
> If your definition of "power user" is "anybody with more than
> one address", then my vintage '97 MUA has no problem with SPF:

What about using multiple .forwards or equivalent? Or people using the
bounce feature in mutt?

Devdas Bhagat

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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: "worm spam" and SPF
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> Regarding HTML and MIME obfuscation tricks: 

> I still don't agree that you are proposing things that aren't easily
evaded by determined spammers (explained below). 

I'll deal with those points to them as you raise them.

> When asked about mislabeled attachment types, you suggest (unless I 
misunderstand) that you can simply ignore the problem...

I'm not IGNORING anything.  But that doesn't mean that you necessarily have to 
believe everything that E-mail tells you, either.  :-)

> ...and scan the body directly for the kind of regular expressions associated 
with HTML tags and remove them.

Not quite.

First of all, I am *not* using "regular expressions" (a basically braindead 
excuse for pattern matching, which dates back to the days of early, primitive 
Unix systems and mechanical teletype terminals).  SNOBOL and SPITBOL 
(programming languages;  SPITBOL is to SNOBOL sort of what Turbo Pascal is to 
ordinary Pascal) allow for MUCH more sophisticated pattern matching than is 
possible using reg-ex type patterns.

> Besides destroying (and in the process subtly breaking) the message
contents, which has serious user privacy issues, 

Well, yes and no.

Agreed that if the mail is PGP-signed or something, then changing the mail 
contents will (of course) show up as a "changed" message body.  Frankly, that is 
a price that *I* am very willing to pay... a lot of the stuff that I get in a 
lot of my incoming E-mails is simply repetitive and annoying, and I'd rather 
simply have those kinds of things just disappear from the mail that arrives 
here.  Obviously, a different recipient might make different choices than I 
would, and that's part of why my system is designed for the RECIPIENT to be able 
to control, in a finegrained way and based on who the sender was, what it does 
and doesn't do.

> ...it won't stop all HTML from bypassing the filter.

Maybe, although:

  1)  it will prevent MANY kinds of (recognizable) HTML from being passed 
(including, hopefully, kinds that are likely to be dangerous or even just 
confusing);

  2)  it can transform the remainder so that ANY OTHER program is unlikely to 
recognize it as HTML and thus act on it (for example, by changing pointy 
brackets to curly brackets).

> For example, message parts can be encoded in several formats
(UUENCODE, Base64, Quoted-Printable etc) with arbitrary levels of
nesting. (e.g. a message/rfc822 containing a message/rfc822 containing
a message/rfc822 containing a message/rfc822 containing a
message/rfc822 containing..., with each layer encoded differently. And
the very first layer might be labeled a GIF file.)

Of course, and there's all manner of ways to encode information (including 
steganographic encryption of information, such as for example sending a 
pornographic JPEG photo also containing on the nightstand table a clock where 
the hands point at 11:17:32 which time maybe has some secret meaning to the 
intended recipient).  You're NEVER going to be able to prevent the transfer of 
all kinds of information.  No point in even trying.

Fortunately, one doesn't HAVE to get that paranoid to essentially solve the 
problem, since MUAs aren't all that aggressive and suicidal in ferreting out 
dangerous HTML to interpret, either.  :-)

In my current experimental incoming mail filter, I use a recursive subroutine to 
deal with nested encodings and message parts.  I suppose I could even 
(trivially, in fact) limit that routine to only support a limited nesting depth, 
but I suspect that most mail clients would crash on such mails long before my 
mail filter would.  :-)

> Whatever regular expression for an HTML tag you come up with, it can
easily be made unrecognizable. 

Sure, but it can also in the process be made unrecognizable to MUAs, too.  

> ...Even the interpretation of HTML tags
can be redefined on-the-fly if it comes to that. 

Probably, but again:

  1)  the USE of such types of stuff is prima facie evidence of an E-mail having 
something to hide;

  2)  such tricks are of little value if they confuse or break MUAs too;

  3)  translating pointy brackets to curly brackets (or square brackets or 
something else) will also effectively "neuter" such HTML, such that MUAs won't 
try to process it;

  4)  it's relatively easy to (again, by default) simply say "NO HTML, period" 
and divert offending mail.

> But say you keep up
to date with tricks designed to make a complex payload look innocuous
to simple minded filters, then you are on the losing side of such an
arms race, because a spammer need only change their email, while you
need to patch your software with new regular expressions and redeploy
it to all the customers every time.

Well, "patch" isn't really necessary.  :-)  It's rather easy to add new stuff to 
SNOBOL/SPITBOL programs, including at run time.

But again, that's why one doesn't just look for FIXED limited number of specific 
things. 

If one simply bans (default case, for unknown senders) *all* attachments and 
*all* HTML, then it's pretty hard to argue that they'll figure out some new kind 
of HTML (but if and when they do, then one MIGHT have to tweak the filter a 
little bit).  If it doesn't look enough like HTML to be recognized by the MUA, 
then it clearly doesn't have to be recognized by the filter, either.

> Note also that it is straightforward for spammers to deduce the checks
made if they have access to your software (as they invariably will if
it becomes widely deployed), so there is little point in not
discussing specific parsing techniques publicly. 

Fair enough, although it's pretty extraneous to discuss them publicly at this 
time.  As I've said, the current implementation is "experimental" and like all 
such software, a work in progress.... which I modify and improve from time to 
time as that seems necessary.

> ...It only makes discussion imprecise and harder to see any flaws.

The important thing is NOT whether there are "flaws" at the lowest level (and 
undoubtedly there are, since all nontrivial programs contain bugs or at least 
opportunities for improvement).  At this point we ought to be talking concepts 
and approaches, rather than getting bogged down in pointless minutae and detail 
which in any case is going to be implementation-dependent.

> Some direct points:

> You argue that perhaps the most important overall function... 

I don't know that I would characterize it that way, although I *do* believe that 
it's sorta silly to try to address the spam problem while ignoring the kinds of 
ridiculously suspect worm/virus stuff that clueless users naively click on.

> ...is to block the spread of viruses, worms and zombies, as these are the 
current enabling technology. 

Again, let's not say "the" (which implies one).

> If so, you should address that problem directly, as it has much wider scope 
than the "attachment" problem.  

I think it makes sense to attack the attachment problem DIRECTLY, and HEAD ON, 
since it is important NOT ONLY JUST to worms/viruses, but ALSO for spam evasion 
of content filters (e.g. text-as-image or even just content-as-image).

> Blocking attachments, if widesread, will only achieve that the payload
is moved from the email body to an external server. 

That's fine.

> Users are then tricked to open an external connection...

OK, but at least it's not going to be something that they just click on (again, 
by denying HTML, and hopefully by implementing suitably dire-sounding warnings 
when they try to follow any other links to external executables, whether EXE 
files or SCR files or DLL files or ActiveX or whatever).

Hey, we DO agree that "social engineering" can result in people doing pretty 
stupid things (like giving their secret passwords because someone calls on the 
phone and asks for them, etc etc) but at least we can offer REASONABLE 
safeguards and "are you SURE?" type things to at least make them have a second 
thought before proceeding with such things.

A person who is DETERMINED to sink their own ship, of course, CAN still do that, 
and at some point one simply has to cut the rope and let them go.

> ...which downloads the malware in any of a wide variety of ways, and still 
sends spam from then on. 

Right.  It's important to at least make that less "encouraged".  That's one good 
reason for also (by default, from unknown senders) getting rid of HTML, which 
tends to encourage (and conceal/misrepresent) external links.

> Meanwhile, in the process you destroy the user's reasonable
expectation that their email is delivered as-is, unless they are in
some first class relationship with you.

If you don't know me (and even if you DO) you do NOT have any right to expect 
that I will even receive or choose to read your mail AT ALL, let alone without 
my modifying it beforehand to suit MY tastes.  You lose your right to its 
absolute integrity as soon as you seal it up and send it to someone else.

Perhaps the key to your point, though, is the word "delivered".  And I suppose 
that your point is okay, since it _is_ "delivered" (to my incoming mail 
processing filter!), and that filter (AS I HAVE INSTRUCTED IT) then chooses to 
modify the incoming mail according to rules *I* have established to help make it 
acceptable to me, before I need to look at it.  Perhaps this is another good 
reason to implement the filter at the recipient end, rather than somewhere 
enroute.

> Another issue is the use of your system in conjunction with a content
filter. If you remove/modify the mail content before passing it to a
content filter which is expected to handle the hard cases, you may be
shooting yourself in the foot. Modern content filters often have many
rules which are optimized to work together, but are not necessarily
optimized to work on mangled email.

Perhaps so, and what may end up happening is that content filters will be 
simplified and re-engineered to make them faster and more tailored to use within 
a framework such as I propose.  (Although some of those "hard cases" might still 
get through, from "somewhat-trusted" senders).  Current content filters usually 
presume that they are getting E-mail "raw" and therefore have to handle cases 
that might be filtered out already by the time mail would get to them through my 
filter.

> A few points about "Bayesian" systems: 

> To my knowledge, no successful attack has been performed on such
systems yet. 

Depends on what you call an "attack", but certainly an awful lot of spam 
contains bogus (random or unrelated) stuff that's designed to confuse or evade 
such types of filters.

> There is a lot of garbage in mail to try to pass through
the statistical filtering, but just like you look for nonsense tokens
as an indicator of spam on a case by case basis, such nonsense tokens
if present easily tip the balance toward spam in a statistical filter,
automatically.

Perhaps, and we agree that a good program can detect certain types of such 
stuff. but at SOME point the spam E-mail in question is going to look EXACTLY 
like a regular E-mail that you want to get, except for the spam content (which 
might be JUST a URL or a phone number or who knows what?)   

> In some ways, these systems are a generalization of where you are headed.
For example, where you have code such as "if rule X is triggered or rule Y
is triggered" (with rules X and Y being statements about email structure or
presence of HTML etc), a Bayesian system will put weights on rule X and rule
Y, combining the weights to obtain a belief about the message. But that is
for another discussion.

Fine.  In any case, it is POSSIBLE to create spam E-mail that looks just like 
legitimate E-mail, at least within statistical uncertainties.  There are limits 
at what can be achieved going down that path (but that doesn't necessarily mean 
that it's not worth going there, if there's useful progress there nevertheless).

Gordon Peterson                  http://personal.terabites.com/
1977-2002  Twenty-fifth anniversary year of Local Area Networking!
Support free and fair US elections!  http://stickers.defend-democracy.org
12/19/98: Partisan Republicans scornfully ignore the voters they "represent".
12/09/00: the date the Republican Party took down democracy in America.



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Date: Thu, 09 Dec 2004 15:01:30 -0500
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Subject: [Asrg] A response to the critique of my anti-spam system
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I greatly appreciate everyone for their time and consideration for critiqui=
ng the anti-spam system that I presented earlier this week.  I present my r=
esponse to the critique.

As a reminder my system it is located at:
http://home.nyc.rr.com/spamsolution/An%20Effective%20Solution%20for%20Spam.=
htm=20


First I would like to say a word about efficacy:
One basic tenet of the anti-spam effort has always been that that is foolis=
h to believe that spammers can't automate puzzle solving, character recogni=
tion, or other hoops that legitimate users must jump manually.  This has al=
ways been true until the development my CAPTCHA.  This is the first and onl=
y CAPTCHA developed that is invulnerable to technical circumvention.  I hav=
e to admit that I am surprised that this innovation in and of itself has no=
t generated more discussion.
This CAPTCHA, in combination with my unique application of it, will likely =
do what no other system has ever hoped to do:  Allow strangers to communica=
te with you while preventing spammers from sending you email with near perf=
ect efficacy.  On occasion a spammer will harvest an address via one of the=
 usual ways.  I=92ll guess that every three or four months a TYPICAL user w=
ill suffer a day or two of spam and will need to deactivate a single sub-ad=
dress.  Otherwise this system is beyond any technical subversion.  Is there=
 any other system existing or proposed that can claim this?=20=20
Every anti-spam system has flaws.  Many of these flaws would be tolerated i=
f the system blocked spam with near perfect efficacy.  Any flaws with my sy=
stem should be evaluated in this light.

I have reviewed the posts and the following represents what I believe to ha=
ve been the major issues that were brought up.  I include my responses.


This system is not appropriate for many people =96 True.  Certain email use=
rs such as many business people, people who must maintain email addresses p=
osted on websites or other public venues, and countless others will find th=
is system undesirable and will not be able to use it.  This system is ideal=
 for the typical email user who is plagued by large amounts of spam.  Inste=
ad of focusing on who this system cannot help we should be focusing on the =
enormous number of people for who this system will be ideal and who will ex=
perience near total elimination of spam from their lives after employing it.


The system has flaws =96 True.  This system is not perfect; it is merely va=
stly superior to the status quo for most users.  If you have an example of =
a better system then please speak up.


Bounces =96 The fact that my system employs bounces seems to greatly distur=
b many people.  The strongest objection concerns the additional burden thes=
e bounces will put on the email system.  The theoretical maximum increase i=
n email traffic that this system could generate would be 100% if we conside=
r an email account that receives emails with invalid sub-addresses exclusiv=
ely.  The near perfect efficacy of my system for blocking spam would justif=
y such expenditure.  How would you feel if your email provider said to you =
=93I know you are overwhelmed by spam and that this system will virtually e=
liminate it but doing so could cause a near doubling of your email traffic =
so you can=92t use it and you must live with this spam burden forever=94?=
=20=20=20
Filters likely increase email traffic to much greater extent, albeit indire=
ctly, as spammers generate vast quantities of spam to get around them.  Spa=
m filters don=92t even have anywhere near the likely efficacy that my syste=
m will have.  So a filter is tolerable, but my system isn=92t?

     Another concern with bounces is that spammers will forge an innocent p=
erson=92s address and then this innocent person will get flooded with bounc=
es.  Some people with easily guessable email addresses will confront this p=
roblem.  People who employ my system will never have to worry about such bo=
unces since their addresses cannot be guessed.  This is a concern, but not =
a big enough of a concern to halt such a highly efficacious system.


Language =96 There was also a lot of concern over how the bounces would be =
managed by recipients who use different languages.  I would respond that mo=
st people who correspond with each other do so in the same language. Also m=
any web-sites use the common technique of showing icons of international fl=
ags to represent languages, and clicking on your respective flag will bring=
 up a page with your own language.  This same technique can apply to bounce=
s.  This will cover the vast majority of email users, though I admit that p=
eople who can only read a less commonly used language may not be accommodat=
ed as easily.  I am confident that it is possible to devise methods to furt=
her address this issue, but the aforementioned technique will cover most pe=
ople.


Spammers will always be able to reacquire some of your addresses =96 This o=
bvious truth actually highlights the strength of this system.  Deactivating=
 compromised sub-addresses becomes progressively less disruptive as more an=
d more of your correspondents use uniquely generated sub-addresses.  You al=
so will know the source of the compromise so that you can chastise your fri=
end for distributing your address in an email chain letter.  The typical us=
er is not exposing their email address multiple times a day to spammers.  T=
he typical user=92s email address is revealed to a spammer a finite number =
of times but it only takes one exposure to bring on the spam onslaught.  Th=
is explains why a single security breach at AOL in which more than 90 milli=
on email addresses were sold to spammers was so devastating.  Many of those=
 users would have remained spam free for a prolonged time if it wasn=92t fo=
r that one breach.

     There is of course the situation of having an acquaintance that unwitt=
ingly has malware on their computer that is constantly raiding their addres=
s book and passing your address on to spammers.  Now my system is a real bl=
essing as the problem becomes obvious and corrective action can be taken, t=
hus saving not only you but everyone else who would have their addresses en=
tered into your acquaintances address book.


This system is reminiscent of challenge/response =96 I thought I did a suff=
icient job contrasting this system with challenge/response but obviously I =
didn=92t.  My system allows third party emails to arrive unimpeded.  My sys=
tem issues challenges in an extraordinarily selective way, only challenging=
 people not white listed who were given an inactive sub-address.  People wi=
ll need to deal with my challenge with only a small fraction of the frequen=
cy that they would need to deal with a challenge associated with a traditio=
nal challenge/response system.  With my system dealing with a CAPTCHA will =
be a relatively rare event.  Is there anyone who does not think that this s=
ystem is profoundly superior to every other challenge/response system?  Aga=
in I am surprised; my system makes every other challenge/response system ob=
solete and yet it has not sparked real discussion or enthusiasm.  Isn=92t t=
his the Anti-Spam Research Group?


Seeing the CAPTCHA requires a system that either allows for a graphics capa=
ble MUA or allows activation of a hyperlink =96 True.  You would need to ac=
cess a system that would allow you to see graphics.  A graphics capable MUA=
 is the most convenient, but all you would really need is a computer with a=
 web browser so you can paste the link into the browser and view the CAPTCH=
A.  Don=92t most people have access to web browsers?=20=20
Typical users can see email graphics.  I obviously travel in different circ=
les since I don=92t know a single person who uses an email system that is n=
ot graphics capable.  I would argue that most typical users would not worry=
 enough about the minority of people who cannot access graphics via their m=
ail system.  The incentive to use a system that effectively eliminates spam=
 would outweigh the need to cater to this minority.



I am not arguing that my system is absolute perfection, or that it suits th=
e needs of every email user in the world.  I only argue that it is vastly s=
uperior to anything else out there.  Take for example a typical AOL user.  =
Almost every AOL user is plagued by tremendous amounts of spam and there is=
 no hope that any filter will be able to stop the onslaught directed at thi=
s highly lucrative population.  No AOL user who uses the system will care o=
n a personal level that additional bounces are being generated.  Almost non=
e of the AOL users will care that people who can only read a less common la=
nguage may not be able to read the bounce; common languages will still be a=
ccommodated.  Spam is such a tremendous burden for the average AOL user tha=
t few will care that a small number of people have no ability to view graph=
ics on their system and thus will be forced to go to another system to view=
 a CAPTCHA.

I ask you:  Is there any other system out there that, even when applied to =
a hundred million people, could eliminate nearly 100% of spam as my system =
would for a typical user (I=92m sure once every couple of months or so a si=
ngle sub-address will become compromised and the user will suffer a day or =
two of spam before the sub-address is cancelled).  Is there any other syste=
m out there that can protect so many millions of users who elect to activat=
e it and yet remain secure?  Is there any other comparable system that is a=
s easy to integrate into current email architecture?

Not challenge/response; it is excessively burdensome and the traditional ch=
allenges are too weak to protect millions of people.

Not sender-ID proposals; no one is even pretending that these proposals wil=
l have anything more than a subtle impact.

Does the fact that as only 30-40% (a wild guess) of people may want to use =
this system argue against it?

Before you reject my system can you suggest one that is in any way comparab=
le?  Is the status quo superior?  Are you holding out hope for an as of yet=
 unknown but better system?  Have you totally given up any hope for a truly=
 effective anti-spam system?

I accept your criticisms, but I view them as relatively minor given the lik=
ely efficacy of this system.  Many people such as business people may decid=
e to forgo this system.  However, this system would be the FUSSP for the en=
ormous population of typical users out there for whom the relatively minor =
detractions are not important.

Michael G. Kaplan






--=20
_______________________________________________
Find what you are looking for with the Lycos Yellow Pages
http://r.lycos.com/r/yp_emailfooter/http://yellowpages.lycos.com/default.as=
p?SRC=3Dlycos10


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From asrg-bounces@ietf.org  Thu Dec  9 15:34:25 2004
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From: Seth Breidbart <sethb@panix.com>
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	(mkaplansolution@lycos.com)
Subject: Re: [Asrg] A response to the critique of my anti-spam system
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"Michael Kaplan" <mkaplansolution@lycos.com> wrote:

>     Another concern with bounces is that spammers will forge an
>     innocent person=92s address and then this innocent person will
>     get flooded with bounces.  Some people with easily guessable
>     email addresses will confront this problem.  People who employ
>     my system will never have to worry about such bounces since
>     their addresses cannot be guessed.  This is a concern, but not a
>     big enough of a concern to halt such a highly efficacious
>     system.

So your system will cause _me_ to get lots of bogus "bounces" when
spammers forge my email address, from users of your system, and your
only suggestion is for me to become part of the problem by using your
system myself?  Rather than that, I'll report the users of your system
as spammers (because their bogus challenges are spam) and they'll
start finding their email blocked.

Seth

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From asrg-bounces@ietf.org  Thu Dec  9 15:43:25 2004
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Subject: RE: [Asrg] A response to the critique of my anti-spam system
Date: Thu, 9 Dec 2004 12:27:36 -0800
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Thread-Topic: [Asrg] A response to the critique of my anti-spam system
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From: "Paul Lambert" <PaulLambert@AirgoNetworks.Com>
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I noticed at the bottom of your web site the 'Patents Pending' text.

What part of the proposal do you feel is unique and covered by your
patent applications.

Paul

> -----Original Message-----
> From: asrg-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:asrg-bounces@ietf.org] On=20
> Behalf Of Michael Kaplan
> Sent: Thursday, December 09, 2004 12:02 PM
> To: asrg@ietf.org
> Subject: [Asrg] A response to the critique of my anti-spam system
>=20
> I greatly appreciate everyone for their time and=20
> consideration for critiquing the anti-spam system that I=20
> presented earlier this week.  I present my response to the critique.
>=20
> As a reminder my system it is located at:
> http://home.nyc.rr.com/spamsolution/An%20Effective%20Solution%
> 20for%20Spam.htm=20
>=20
>=20
> First I would like to say a word about efficacy:
> One basic tenet of the anti-spam effort has always been that=20
> that is foolish to believe that spammers can't automate=20
> puzzle solving, character recognition, or other hoops that=20
> legitimate users must jump manually.  This has always been=20
> true until the development my CAPTCHA.  This is the first and=20
> only CAPTCHA developed that is invulnerable to technical=20
> circumvention.  I have to admit that I am surprised that this=20
> innovation in and of itself has not generated more discussion.
> This CAPTCHA, in combination with my unique application of=20
> it, will likely do what no other system has ever hoped to do:=20
>  Allow strangers to communicate with you while preventing=20
> spammers from sending you email with near perfect efficacy. =20
> On occasion a spammer will harvest an address via one of the=20
> usual ways.  I'll guess that every three or four months a=20
> TYPICAL user will suffer a day or two of spam and will need=20
> to deactivate a single sub-address.  Otherwise this system is=20
> beyond any technical subversion.  Is there any other system=20
> existing or proposed that can claim this? =20
> Every anti-spam system has flaws.  Many of these flaws would=20
> be tolerated if the system blocked spam with near perfect=20
> efficacy.  Any flaws with my system should be evaluated in this light.
>=20
> I have reviewed the posts and the following represents what I=20
> believe to have been the major issues that were brought up. =20
> I include my responses.
>=20
>=20
> This system is not appropriate for many people - True. =20
> Certain email users such as many business people, people who=20
> must maintain email addresses posted on websites or other=20
> public venues, and countless others will find this system=20
> undesirable and will not be able to use it.  This system is=20
> ideal for the typical email user who is plagued by large=20
> amounts of spam.  Instead of focusing on who this system=20
> cannot help we should be focusing on the enormous number of=20
> people for who this system will be ideal and who will=20
> experience near total elimination of spam from their lives=20
> after employing it.
>=20
>=20
> The system has flaws - True.  This system is not perfect; it=20
> is merely vastly superior to the status quo for most users. =20
> If you have an example of a better system then please speak up.
>=20
>=20
> Bounces - The fact that my system employs bounces seems to=20
> greatly disturb many people.  The strongest objection=20
> concerns the additional burden these bounces will put on the=20
> email system.  The theoretical maximum increase in email=20
> traffic that this system could generate would be 100% if we=20
> consider an email account that receives emails with invalid=20
> sub-addresses exclusively.  The near perfect efficacy of my=20
> system for blocking spam would justify such expenditure.  How=20
> would you feel if your email provider said to you "I know you=20
> are overwhelmed by spam and that this system will virtually=20
> eliminate it but doing so could cause a near doubling of your=20
> email traffic so you can't use it and you must live with this=20
> spam burden forever"?  =20
> Filters likely increase email traffic to much greater extent,=20
> albeit indirectly, as spammers generate vast quantities of=20
> spam to get around them.  Spam filters don't even have=20
> anywhere near the likely efficacy that my system will have. =20
> So a filter is tolerable, but my system isn't?
>=20
>      Another concern with bounces is that spammers will forge=20
> an innocent person's address and then this innocent person=20
> will get flooded with bounces.  Some people with easily=20
> guessable email addresses will confront this problem.  People=20
> who employ my system will never have to worry about such=20
> bounces since their addresses cannot be guessed.  This is a=20
> concern, but not a big enough of a concern to halt such a=20
> highly efficacious system.
>=20
>=20
> Language - There was also a lot of concern over how the=20
> bounces would be managed by recipients who use different=20
> languages.  I would respond that most people who correspond=20
> with each other do so in the same language. Also many=20
> web-sites use the common technique of showing icons of=20
> international flags to represent languages, and clicking on=20
> your respective flag will bring up a page with your own=20
> language.  This same technique can apply to bounces.  This=20
> will cover the vast majority of email users, though I admit=20
> that people who can only read a less commonly used language=20
> may not be accommodated as easily.  I am confident that it is=20
> possible to devise methods to further address this issue, but=20
> the aforementioned technique will cover most people.
>=20
>=20
> Spammers will always be able to reacquire some of your=20
> addresses - This obvious truth actually highlights the=20
> strength of this system.  Deactivating compromised=20
> sub-addresses becomes progressively less disruptive as more=20
> and more of your correspondents use uniquely generated=20
> sub-addresses.  You also will know the source of the=20
> compromise so that you can chastise your friend for=20
> distributing your address in an email chain letter.  The=20
> typical user is not exposing their email address multiple=20
> times a day to spammers.  The typical user's email address is=20
> revealed to a spammer a finite number of times but it only=20
> takes one exposure to bring on the spam onslaught.  This=20
> explains why a single security breach at AOL in which more=20
> than 90 million email addresses were sold to spammers was so=20
> devastating.  Many of those users would have remained spam=20
> free for a prolonged time if it wasn't for that one breach.
>=20
>      There is of course the situation of having an=20
> acquaintance that unwittingly has malware on their computer=20
> that is constantly raiding their address book and passing=20
> your address on to spammers.  Now my system is a real=20
> blessing as the problem becomes obvious and corrective action=20
> can be taken, thus saving not only you but everyone else who=20
> would have their addresses entered into your acquaintances=20
> address book.
>=20
>=20
> This system is reminiscent of challenge/response - I thought=20
> I did a sufficient job contrasting this system with=20
> challenge/response but obviously I didn't.  My system allows=20
> third party emails to arrive unimpeded.  My system issues=20
> challenges in an extraordinarily selective way, only=20
> challenging people not white listed who were given an=20
> inactive sub-address.  People will need to deal with my=20
> challenge with only a small fraction of the frequency that=20
> they would need to deal with a challenge associated with a=20
> traditional challenge/response system.  With my system=20
> dealing with a CAPTCHA will be a relatively rare event.  Is=20
> there anyone who does not think that this system is=20
> profoundly superior to every other challenge/response system?=20
>  Again I am surprised; my system makes every other=20
> challenge/response system obsolete and yet it has not sparked=20
> real discussion or enthusiasm.  Isn't this the Anti-Spam=20
> Research Group?
>=20
>=20
> Seeing the CAPTCHA requires a system that either allows for a=20
> graphics capable MUA or allows activation of a hyperlink -=20
> True.  You would need to access a system that would allow you=20
> to see graphics.  A graphics capable MUA is the most=20
> convenient, but all you would really need is a computer with=20
> a web browser so you can paste the link into the browser and=20
> view the CAPTCHA.  Don't most people have access to web browsers? =20
> Typical users can see email graphics.  I obviously travel in=20
> different circles since I don't know a single person who uses=20
> an email system that is not graphics capable.  I would argue=20
> that most typical users would not worry enough about the=20
> minority of people who cannot access graphics via their mail=20
> system.  The incentive to use a system that effectively=20
> eliminates spam would outweigh the need to cater to this minority.
>=20
>=20
>=20
> I am not arguing that my system is absolute perfection, or=20
> that it suits the needs of every email user in the world.  I=20
> only argue that it is vastly superior to anything else out=20
> there.  Take for example a typical AOL user.  Almost every=20
> AOL user is plagued by tremendous amounts of spam and there=20
> is no hope that any filter will be able to stop the onslaught=20
> directed at this highly lucrative population.  No AOL user=20
> who uses the system will care on a personal level that=20
> additional bounces are being generated.  Almost none of the=20
> AOL users will care that people who can only read a less=20
> common language may not be able to read the bounce; common=20
> languages will still be accommodated.  Spam is such a=20
> tremendous burden for the average AOL user that few will care=20
> that a small number of people have no ability to view=20
> graphics on their system and thus will be forced to go to=20
> another system to view a CAPTCHA.
>=20
> I ask you:  Is there any other system out there that, even=20
> when applied to a hundred million people, could eliminate=20
> nearly 100% of spam as my system would for a typical user=20
> (I'm sure once every couple of months or so a single=20
> sub-address will become compromised and the user will suffer=20
> a day or two of spam before the sub-address is cancelled). =20
> Is there any other system out there that can protect so many=20
> millions of users who elect to activate it and yet remain=20
> secure?  Is there any other comparable system that is as easy=20
> to integrate into current email architecture?
>=20
> Not challenge/response; it is excessively burdensome and the=20
> traditional challenges are too weak to protect millions of people.
>=20
> Not sender-ID proposals; no one is even pretending that these=20
> proposals will have anything more than a subtle impact.
>=20
> Does the fact that as only 30-40% (a wild guess) of people=20
> may want to use this system argue against it?
>=20
> Before you reject my system can you suggest one that is in=20
> any way comparable?  Is the status quo superior?  Are you=20
> holding out hope for an as of yet unknown but better system? =20
> Have you totally given up any hope for a truly effective=20
> anti-spam system?
>=20
> I accept your criticisms, but I view them as relatively minor=20
> given the likely efficacy of this system.  Many people such=20
> as business people may decide to forgo this system.  However,=20
> this system would be the FUSSP for the enormous population of=20
> typical users out there for whom the relatively minor=20
> detractions are not important.
>=20
> Michael G. Kaplan
>=20
>=20
>=20
>=20
>=20
>=20
> --
> _______________________________________________
> Find what you are looking for with the Lycos Yellow Pages=20
> http://r.lycos.com/r/yp_emailfooter/http://yellowpages.lycos.c
> om/default.asp?SRC=3Dlycos10
>=20
>=20
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg
>=20

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To: "Paul Lambert" <PaulLambert@AirgoNetworks.Com>
Date: Thu, 09 Dec 2004 15:39:00 -0500
Subject: RE: [Asrg] A response to the critique of my anti-spam system
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>=20
> I noticed at the bottom of your web site the 'Patents Pending' text.
>=20
> What part of the proposal do you feel is unique and covered by your
> patent applications.
>=20
> Paul


In short the design of the CAPTCHA and process of bouncing out a new sub-ad=
dress encoded within a CAPTCHA.

Michael G. Kaplan
--=20
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Find what you are looking for with the Lycos Yellow Pages
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] A response to the critique of my anti-spam system
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[The message I'm replying to was marked charset=iso-8859-1 but
contained various octets that are not 8859-1 text characters.  I've
replaced them with my best guesses at what they are meant to be, in
[brackets].  Michael Kaplan, I'd suggest you fix/replace whatever
brokenware generated that message and incorrectly marked it as
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1"
.]

> I present my response to the critique.

My resposnes below assume you haven't changed it since the version I
read.

> This is the first and only CAPTCHA developed that is invulnerable to
> technical circumvention.  I have to admit that I am surprised that
> this innovation in and of itself has not generated more discussion.

Maybe it's because more people agree with me, that it can be and will
be defeated technically, than with you, that it can't and won't?
There's a lot of very good work being done by computer vision people,
solving basically this very problem - and with difficult noisy
real-world images, not the nice clean synthetic ones you use.

> I[']ll guess that every three or four months a TYPICAL user will
> suffer a day or two of spam and will need to deactivate a single
> sub-address.  Otherwise this system is beyond any technical
> subversion.  Is there any other system existing or proposed that can
> claim this?

Sure.  Any of them.  And in most cases, with about as much truth.

> Bounces [-] The fact that my system employs bounces seems to greatly
> disturb many people.  The strongest objection concerns the additional
> burden these bounces will put on the email system.

Perhaps strongest to you.  The strongest to me is that the
challenge/bounce messages will spam anyone whose address gets forged
into the from-line of spam to an early adopter.  Committing abuse in
the name of fighting abuse is hypocritical - and unacceptable.

> The theoretical maximum increase in email traffic that this system
> could generate would be 100% if we consider an email account that
> receives emails with invalid sub-addresses exclusively.

Not quite.  There is no real limit to the maximum increase when two
implementations start challenging one another's challenges - it's a
classic bounce laser.

> The near perfect efficacy of my system for blocking spam would
> justify such expenditure.  How would you feel if your email provider
> said to you ["]I know you are overwhelmed by spam and that this
> system will virtually eliminate it but doing so could cause a near
> doubling of your email traffic so you can[']t use it and you must
> live with this spam burden forever["]?

I'd feel my email provider was grossly incompetent, both for mistaking
your system for being as effective as you think it is and for thinking
that those two alternatives are the only ones available.

> Filters likely increase email traffic to much greater extent, albeit
> indirectly, as spammers generate vast quantities of spam to get
> around them.

And why won't the same be true with your system?

> Spam filters don[']t even have anywhere near the likely efficacy that
> my system will have.  So a filter is tolerable, but my system
> isn[']t?

Filters don't generate spam to forgery victims.  (Usually, at least.
Some do, and they deserve to get slapped down for it.)

> Language [-] There was also a lot of concern over how the bounces
> would be managed by recipients who use different languages.  I would
> respond that most people who correspond with each other do so in the
> same language.

Yes - but how is your system going to know what language that is?

> Also many web-sites use the common technique of showing icons of
> international flags to represent languages, and clicking on your
> respective flag will bring up a page with your own language.  This
> same technique can apply to bounces.

I'll believe it when I see it.  You appear to have mistaken email,
which is a static technology, for the Web, which is interactive to at
least the minimal extent necessary to support the sort of user
interface you describe.

> The typical user is not exposing their email address multiple times a
> day to spammers.

No; the typical user is exposing others' email addresses multiple times
a day to spammers.

Okay, that's a slight exaggeration.  The proportion of zombied Windows
boxen out there has not yet reached 50%, so "the typical user" still
isn't zombied.  But any zombied machine's address book is available to
spammers in full, including any address using your system that may be
in it.

> Is there anyone who does not think that this system is profoundly
> superior to every other challenge/response system?

As I would hope is obviously by now:  Yes.  Me.

> Again I am surprised; my system makes every other challenge/response
> system obsolete and yet it has not sparked real discussion or
> enthusiasm.  Isn[']t this the Anti-Spam Research Group?

It doesn't make anything obsolete until it's implemented and deployed.
Do that and I, for one, will pay a lot more attention.

> Seeing the CAPTCHA requires a system that either allows for a
> graphics capable MUA or allows activation of a hyperlink [-] True.
> You would need to access a system that would allow you to see
> graphics.

Which kills it right there, as far as I'm concerned.  (As if it needed
further killing for me.)

> A graphics capable MUA is the most convenient, but all you would
> really need is a computer with a web browser so you can paste the
> link into the browser and view the CAPTCHA.

No.  A computer with a *graphics-capable* web browser.

> Don[']t most people have access to web browsers?

Most people?  Certainly.  And if you can arrange that only those people
ever send mail to your system, you're fine - in that respect.

> Typical users can see email graphics.  I obviously travel in
> different circles since I don[']t know a single person who uses an
> email system that is not graphics capable.

Your system needs more than graphics capable; it needs graphics
convenient.  I can, if I need to, extract an image frokm a webpage or
email and look at it.  It is not a convenient process, and I most
certainly would not bother to do it to answer a C/R challenge.

> I would argue that most typical users would not worry enough about
> the minority of people who cannot access graphics via their mail
> system.  The incentive to use a system that effectively eliminates
> spam would outweigh the need to cater to this minority.

Quite possibly.  Provided your challenges are easily mechanically
identifiable, so I can reject them automatically, this then won't be a
problem for me personally (except for the extra bandwidth used).

> Does the fact that as only 30-40% (a wild guess) of people may want
> to use this system argue against it?

Yes, because the rest will get spammed by your challenges every time
their addresses get forged int the fromlines of spam sent to that 30-40
percent.

> Before you reject my system can you suggest one that is in any way
> comparable?

There are lots of vapourware FUSSPs out there.  So far I see no reason
to think yours is anything else.

Implement your system.  Deploy it on a small scale.  *Then* I'll be
interested in hearing more - in particular, I very much want to hear
your experiences - the *actual* percentages of this and that, rather
than the wild guesses I've seen on both sides.  The *actual* end-user
reactions.

I'm not interested in implementing it because I believe it will be far
less effective and more problematic than you think, and I am not
inclined to sink effort into something I think will be useless.

Unless you want to pay me to implement it, in which case contact me
off-list and we can discuss my consulting rates.

> Is the status quo superior?

Yes, in at least one way: it doesn't have a third of the net spamming
the other two-thirds with challenge blowback.

> Have you totally given up any hope for a truly effective anti-spam
> system?

If you mean a purely technical system - yes.  Spam is not a
fundamentally technical problem; fundamentally technical approaches
will not eradicate it.

/~\ The ASCII				der Mouse
\ / Ribbon Campaign
 X  Against HTML	       mouse@rodents.montreal.qc.ca
/ \ Email!	     7D C8 61 52 5D E7 2D 39  4E F1 31 3E E8 B3 27 4B

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To: Paul Lambert <PaulLambert@AirgoNetworks.Com>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] A response to the critique of my anti-spam system
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On Thu, 9 Dec 2004, Paul Lambert wrote:

> I noticed at the bottom of your web site the 'Patents Pending' text.
> 
> What part of the proposal do you feel is unique and covered by your
> patent applications.

Thank you for noticing, I personally did not look at the page and so did 
not know but for those who don't know ASRG has requirement that if you're 
presenting patented (or patent-panding) technology that you let that be 
known from the very start.

Since Michael has not done it, I request that the people on this list do 
not review and participate in further discussions or critique of CAPTHA
on this list as that would be in violation of group policies. I'm sure 
Michael can find some  other place to receive feedback on and where his 
presentation would not violate group charter and when he's done so, he 
can let us know so that those interesed can subscribe there for further 
discussions related to CAPTCHA and its patent-pending technologies.

Note: For info on ASRG IPR policies see http://asrg.sp.am/about/ipr.shtml

-- 
William Leibzon
Elan Networks
william@elan.net


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From asrg-bounces@ietf.org  Thu Dec  9 17:28:38 2004
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Subject: RE: [Asrg] A response to the critique of my anti-spam system
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> On Thu, 9 Dec 2004, Paul Lambert wrote:
>=20
> > I noticed at the bottom of your web site the 'Patents Pending' text.
> >
> > What part of the proposal do you feel is unique and covered by your
> > patent applications.
>=20
> Thank you for noticing, I personally did not look at the page and so did
> not know but for those who don't know ASRG has requirement that if you're
> presenting patented (or patent-panding) technology that you let that be
> known from the very start.
>=20
> Since Michael has not done it, I request that the people on this list do
> not review and participate in further discussions or critique of CAPTHA
> on this list as that would be in violation of group policies. I'm sure
> Michael can find some  other place to receive feedback on and where his
> presentation would not violate group charter and when he's done so, he
> can let us know so that those interesed can subscribe there for further
> discussions related to CAPTCHA and its patent-pending technologies.
>=20
> Note: For info on ASRG IPR policies see http://asrg.sp.am/about/ipr.shtml
>=20
> --
> William Leibzon
> Elan Networks

My web page states this informatiion unambiguously.  I have disclosed this =
"from the very start."
Also this is not a direct criticism of the technology.  If this group preve=
nted itself from discussing any technology for which there were property is=
sues then there would be very little to talk about.

Michael G. Kaplan
--=20
_______________________________________________
Find what you are looking for with the Lycos Yellow Pages
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Devdas Bhagat wrote:

> What about using multiple .forwards or equivalent?

Forwarding is something the receiver does.  Sender policies are
something the senders publish.  Senders don't know and don't
care what a receiver does, it's his problem.  Senders only say:

"These are the IPs you as 3rd party see in MAIL FROM me to you
 at your MX, any other mail claiming to be MAIL FROM me at your
 MX is forged, don't bother to accept it, please reject it."

Why's that so difficult to understand ?  Senders have no idea
how a receiver forwards mail behind his MX, it's none of their
business.  The receiver is free to do whatever he likes.  And
if his mail setup is broken he owns the pieces.

> Or people using the bounce feature in mutt?

Is that the stuff where I get mail claiming to be MAIL FROM me,
but in fact it's from somebody else ?  I'd report it to abuse@
for the corresponding IP, it's forged.  But actually it should
never arrive if publishers of -all policies also check SPF on
their own MX.
                Bye, Frank



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From: Laird Breyer <laird@lbreyer.com>
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On Dec 09 2004, gep2@terabites.com wrote:
> 
> I'm not IGNORING anything.  But that doesn't mean that you necessarily have to 
> believe everything that E-mail tells you, either.  :-)
> 

Do you fully parse the MIME structure to extract HTML or not?  Do you
decode + scan each attachment, identify its type, further decode its
contents according to identitied type, and extract things
 such as embedded HTML? Unless you respond yes to these questions, you
are ignoring the actual structure, and instead making assumptions
about certains string patterns. It doesn't matter if you use SNOBOL or
regular expressions, you make decisions without the full context,
which is risky in terms of content alterations.

I accept your point that you are willing to pay that price, but since
there are effective competing solutions available without this flaw (I
consider alteration a flaw), users already have alternative
options. May the best offering win, as they say.


> [snip steganography]
> You're NEVER going to be able to prevent the transfer of 
> all kinds of information.  No point in even trying.
> 

That's what spam filtering is. A competition between those who want to
pass along information and those who want to censor it. Spammers have
shown that they are willing to think laterally to get their message
across, and don't shy away from building complex edge cases (as well
as simple ones if that works). Dismissing such things now will only
mean more work for you later, imho.

> 
> > Whatever regular expression for an HTML tag you come up with, it can
> easily be made unrecognizable. 
> 
> Sure, but it can also in the process be made unrecognizable to MUAs, too.  
> 

As a filter, you take on the responsibility to censor for an unknown
class of MUAs with varying capabilities, unless you're building a
plugin for a single specific MUA. The latter problem is much easier,
but much more narrowly applicable, and certainly doesn't deserve to be
considered a general or universal solution to the spam problem.

>   1)  the USE of such types of stuff is prima facie evidence of an E-mail having 
> something to hide;

If your (or any) filter becomes widely used, email will be crafted to fool
it if it has weaknesses. Being fooled literally means that filter won't recognize
such evidence, even though it might be obvious to other filters. So your
point 1) only applies as long as your filter is unpopular enough to not impact
spam distribution.

> 
>   2)  such tricks are of little value if they confuse or break MUAs too;
> 

Different MUAs break in different ways. There is no set of tricks which are
obviously going to break all MUAs and therefore can be dismissed a priori.

>   3)  translating pointy brackets to curly brackets (or square brackets or 
> something else) will also effectively "neuter" such HTML, such that MUAs won't 
> try to process it;
> 
>   4)  it's relatively easy to (again, by default) simply say "NO HTML, period" 
> and divert offending mail.

By claiming to modify content, you're only making your system less
attractive to a section of the user population who: want HTML, don't
want HTML but feel it is crucial to accept HTML in the event it is
sent bu customers, expect messages to be untampered for technical or
ethical reasons. That's a lot of people who have an interest in
preventing your system from getting critical mass.


> > But say you keep up to date with tricks designed to make a complex
> payload look innocuous to simple minded filters, then you are on the
> losing side of such an arms race, because a spammer need only change
> their email, while you need to patch your software with new regular
> expressions and redeploy it to all the customers every time.
> 
> Well, "patch" isn't really necessary.  :-) It's rather easy to add
> new stuff to SNOBOL/SPITBOL programs, including at run time.

Can you do it in an evening and have all your deployed systems fixed
up world wide by the next morning? The spammer needs an evening to
figure out a loophole and send millions of mails exploiting it the
next day.

Some commercial systems already have elaborate world wide networks
designed to propagate new email signatures in a matter of
seconds. That's the technology you're competing against today.

> Fair enough, although it's pretty extraneous to discuss them
> publicly at this time.  As I've said, the current implementation is
> "experimental" and like all such software, a work in
> progress.... which I modify and improve from time to time as that
> seems necessary.

Unless you have an argument that breaks the spam arms race, the
distinction between "experimental" and "release" is blurry, I think.
You can spend months or years polishing a user interface only to 
have your solution be outdated.

> > ...It only makes discussion imprecise and harder to see any flaws.
> 
> The important thing is NOT whether there are "flaws" at the lowest
> level (and undoubtedly there are, since all nontrivial programs
> contain bugs or at least opportunities for improvement).  At this
> point we ought to be talking concepts and approaches, rather than
> getting bogged down in pointless minutae and detail which in any
> case is going to be implementation-dependent.

I'm not convinced that your high level description will handle the
rough seas of widespread deployment, but instead will get bogged down
in endless silly details.  Just my opinion ;-)

>  OK, but at least it's not going to be something that they just
> click on (again, by denying HTML, and hopefully by implementing
> suitably dire-sounding warnings when they try to follow any other
> links to external executables, whether EXE files or SCR files or DLL
> files or ActiveX or whatever).

Denying HTML is useless if the MUA generates it on the fly whenever it
sees something that looks like an url. People are inundated with
warning dialogs which they just click mindlessly. As is, I don't see
that your filter can change or address these issues (why should it?
those are some of your stated high level means of protection).

>  Perhaps so, and what may end up happening is that content filters
> will be simplified and re-engineered to make them faster and more
> tailored to use within a framework such as I propose.  (Although
> some of those "hard cases" might still get through, from
> "somewhat-trusted" senders).  Current content filters usually
> presume that they are getting E-mail "raw" and therefore have to
> handle cases that might be filtered out already by the time mail
> would get to them through my filter.

Either that, or users will decide that your system is hampering their
content filtering and remove it. Nobody knows...

> 
> > A few points about "Bayesian" systems: 
> 
> > To my knowledge, no successful attack has been performed on such
> systems yet. 
> 
> Depends on what you call an "attack", but certainly an awful lot of
> spam contains bogus (random or unrelated) stuff that's designed to
> confuse or evade such types of filters.

Most of the random stuff is designed to evade a different kind of filter,
namely those filters which keep a database of email hashes. It sticks
out to statistical filters because it contains novel tokens.

I call an attack a repeatable procedure which can consistently bypass
the spam verdict with sufficiently high success rate to be valuable.
An attack requires a modification of the filtering algorithm.

>  > There is a lot of garbage in mail to try to pass through the
> statistical filtering, but just like you look for nonsense tokens as
> an indicator of spam on a case by case basis, such nonsense tokens
> if present easily tip the balance toward spam in a statistical
> filter, automatically.
> 
> Perhaps, and we agree that a good program can detect certain types
> of such stuff. but at SOME point the spam E-mail in question is
> going to look EXACTLY like a regular E-mail that you want to get,
> except for the spam content (which might be JUST a URL or a phone
> number or who knows what?)

Not quite. The spam content is what looks statistically different
(unless the recipient is in the habit of discussing this kind of spam
content regularly), while the statistical commonalities between spam
and nonspam are automatically discounted if they appear in both types
of mail.  That and the fact that there is no need to do complex
parsing text is why it's difficult to evade. Any string added to a spam
message either

1) looks like some nonspam string, in which case it counts for
approximately nothing, or

2) doesn't look like some nonspam string, in which case it tips the
balance towards spam.

> Fine.  In any case, it is POSSIBLE to create spam E-mail that looks
> just like legitimate E-mail, at least within statistical
> uncertainties.  There are limits at what can be achieved going down
> that path (but that doesn't necessarily mean that it's not worth
> going there, if there's useful progress there nevertheless).

There are always limits, e.g. a single statistical system shared by
many people is vulnerable to contradictory inputs. As far as
advantages are concerned, the statistical systems have the simplest
user interface yet devised, as the user only needs to label the
message without analysis, and update automatically without programmer
intervention.

-- 
Laird Breyer.

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From: Devdas Bhagat <devdas@dvb.homelinux.org>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: Disaster looming: SPF
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On 09/12/04 23:42 +0100, Frank Ellermann wrote:
> Devdas Bhagat wrote:
> 
> > What about using multiple .forwards or equivalent?
> 
> Forwarding is something the receiver does.  Sender policies are
> something the senders publish.  Senders don't know and don't
> care what a receiver does, it's his problem.  Senders only say:
> 

Right. But .forward is still used and SPF breaks that. SRS is a hack to
try and prevent it breaking.

> "These are the IPs you as 3rd party see in MAIL FROM me to you
>  at your MX, any other mail claiming to be MAIL FROM me at your
>  MX is forged, don't bother to accept it, please reject it."
> 
> Why's that so difficult to understand ?  Senders have no idea
> how a receiver forwards mail behind his MX, it's none of their
> business.  The receiver is free to do whatever he likes.  And
> if his mail setup is broken he owns the pieces.

Breaking a known working feature is not a good way to keep those
power users happy.

> > Or people using the bounce feature in mutt?
> 
> Is that the stuff where I get mail claiming to be MAIL FROM me,
> but in fact it's from somebody else ?  I'd report it to abuse@
> for the corresponding IP, it's forged.  But actually it should
> never arrive if publishers of -all policies also check SPF on
> their own MX.

No. Mutt adds a Resent-from header and keeps the original mail
information. This needs deliberate action by the sender, and is the
equivalent of a .forward (slightly loosely speaking) for that mail.

Devdas Bhagat

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Subject: RE: [Asrg] A response to the critique of my anti-spam system
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=20
-----Original Message-----
From: asrg-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:asrg-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of
der Mouse

> ...
> If you mean a purely technical system - yes.  Spam is not a
fundamentally technical problem; fundamentally technical approaches will
not eradicate it.

No they wont. But certain types of filters (I have statistical filters
in mind here) are very effective, are not controversial (look at all the
heat over SPF, etc), and can be deployed by individuals without
requiring infrastructure changes.

Patching the existing SMTP infrastructure in an effort to eliminate spam
is looking increasingly futile. Only a wholesale, and thus highly
improbable, change in infrastructure, including a move to IPv6, would
solve the spam problem. Until that time, technical attempts are far
preferable to legal and other political meddling. Not to mention
patent-encumbered, half-baked proposals...

Brian Azzopardi


 =20
This mail was checked for viruses by GFI MailSecurity.=20
GFI also develops anti-spam software (GFI MailEssentials), a fax server =
(GFI FAXmaker), and network security and management software (GFI =
LANguard) - www.gfi.com=20


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Subject: RE: [Asrg] A response to the critique of my anti-spam system
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Thank you for you time.  I include responses to those queries of yours to w=
hich
a concrete response could be readily given.  I also include a couple of new=
 methods I've developed to deal with the flaws that have been pointed out.

> > This is the first and only CAPTCHA developed that is invulnerable
> to
> > technical circumvention.  I have to admit that I am surprised that
> > this innovation in and of itself has not generated more discussion.
>=20
> Maybe it's because more people agree with me, that it can be and will
> be defeated technically, than with you, that it can't and won't?
> There's a lot of very good work being done by computer vision people,
> solving basically this very problem - and with difficult noisy
> real-world images, not the nice clean synthetic ones you use.

The traditional way in which a CAPTCHA would be used to transmit text would=
 be to take an alphanumeric character and distort it enough so that an opti=
cal character recognition program could identify it, but you couldn't disto=
rt is so much so that a person would have trouble identifying it.  These al=
phanumeric characters represent 36 simple 2 dimensional objects; not a very=
 large universe of objects to pick from.  CAPTCHA today still do a surprisi=
ngly impressive, if not quite sufficient, job of foiling OCR software.

I have replaced the task of identifying a never changing library of 36 two-=
dimensional objects with a constantly changing effectively infinite library=
 of 3D images.  It took me one day to whip up the three crude 3D objects in=
 my example, and I am inexperienced with generating such objects.  How long=
 would it take any video game manufacturer or computer animation studio to =
whip up 2,000 easily identified and unique objects?  How long would it take=
 a spammer to design a program to recognize these objects?  Remember, the s=
pammer isn=92t going to have access to the actual library of 3D images, he =
will only have access to the 2D output.  How will the spammer deal with the=
 fact that the objects in this library will constantly change?

Yes, this is vaporware, but the theory is sound.  I am an optimist when it =
comes to technology and I believe that one day we will have computers that =
can recognize almost any object in the world, but that day isn=92t today.

I have the contact information of authorities in the field of developing hu=
man interactive proofs and I plan on submitting my concept to them.  I will=
 defer to their opinion of my CAPTCHA.  I decided, however, that my first s=
tep on this journey would be the ASRG.


> > I[']ll guess that every three or four months a TYPICAL user will
> > suffer a day or two of spam and will need to deactivate a single
> > sub-address.  Otherwise this system is beyond any technical
> > subversion.  Is there any other system existing or proposed that
> can
> > claim this?
>=20
> Sure.  Any of them.  And in most cases, with about as much truth.


I would accept one concrete example of a more effective anti-spam.

=20
> > Bounces [-] The fact that my system employs bounces seems to
> greatly
> > disturb many people.  The strongest objection concerns the
> additional
> > burden these bounces will put on the email system.
>=20
> Perhaps strongest to you.  The strongest to me is that the
> challenge/bounce messages will spam anyone whose address gets forged
> into the from-line of spam to an early adopter.  Committing abuse in
> the name of fighting abuse is hypocritical - and unacceptable.

I just figured out an excellent way to deal with the bounce issue.  I wish =
I had thought of it earlier.  It is as follows:

The problem with the bounces does not involve the small number of bounces s=
ent in response to emails from legitimate senders who are not on the white =
list and who used a deactivated sub-address.  The real problem will be with=
 the bounces that are sent in response to the hoard of spam that is being s=
ent using a deactivated sub-address (or with no sub-address at all).=20=20

All emails that would have generated bounces are first sent through a weak =
spam filter (meaning one that will almost never generate a false positive).=
  Let=92s say that this weak filter identifies 95% of these emails as unamb=
iguously being spam.  Bounces are now generated only to the remaining 5% of=
 emails.  Now my system will only increase a networks traffic by about 5%. =
 This small increase in traffic should be quite tolerable.  We have also dr=
amatically decreased the number of innocent people who will be hit with the=
se bounces because a spammer forged their email address.

There will still be some innocent victims, but the number is now far fewer.=
  Frankly though if a spammer is able to forge your email address then you =
must really be receiving a lot of spam and you would probably be better off=
 either switching to a less obvious address or by activating my system.

> > The theoretical maximum increase in email traffic that this system
> > could generate would be 100% if we consider an email account that
> > receives emails with invalid sub-addresses exclusively.
>=20
> Not quite.  There is no real limit to the maximum increase when two
> implementations start challenging one another's challenges - it's a
> classic bounce laser.

In my system bounces will never be sent in response to a bounce.


> > Filters likely increase email traffic to much greater extent,
> albeit
> > indirectly, as spammers generate vast quantities of spam to get
> > around them.
>=20
> And why won't the same be true with your system?

Spammers can have some success against a filter by sending 10 times the ema=
il that
they normally would.  Why would any spammer try to deal with an effectively
non-existent email address by sending 10 times more email to that address?


>=20
> > Language [-] There was also a lot of concern over how the bounces
> > would be managed by recipients who use different languages.  I
> would
> > respond that most people who correspond with each other do so in
> the
> > same language.
>=20
> Yes - but how is your system going to know what language that is?
>=20
> > Also many web-sites use the common technique of showing icons of
> > international flags to represent languages, and clicking on your
> > respective flag will bring up a page with your own language.  This
> > same technique can apply to bounces.
>=20
> I'll believe it when I see it.  You appear to have mistaken email,
> which is a static technology, for the Web, which is interactive to at
> least the minimal extent necessary to support the sort of user
> interface you describe.



I just realized the obvious answer to the language issue and it=92s so simp=
le that
I=92m embarrassed that I did not think of it earlier. The answer to this pr=
oblem is the following:

When you activate this system you select what languages you want the bounce=
s to go out in.  Someone who spoke English and Chinese would select both la=
nguages.  The bounce will go out containing instructions in BOTH languages.=
  If someone who only spoke Russian sent this Chinese and English speaker a=
n email using a deactivated sub-address then yes, the Russian person would =
not be able to directly follow the instructions to decode the CAPTCHA.  It =
will be a rare occurrence, however, for these two people to be correspondin=
g.  The inconvenience introduced between people who cannot communicate with=
 each other in the first place will be a tolerable flaw in this system.


> > The typical user is not exposing their email address multiple times
> a
> > day to spammers.
>=20
> No; the typical user is exposing others' email addresses multiple
> times
> a day to spammers.
>=20
> Okay, that's a slight exaggeration.  The proportion of zombied
> Windows
> boxen out there has not yet reached 50%, so "the typical user" still
> isn't zombied.  But any zombied machine's address book is available
> to
> spammers in full, including any address using your system that may be
> in it.

The efficacy of automatically generated sub-addresses has already been prov=
en, just look at services such as Zoemail and Reflexion.  These services ar=
e very effective at stopping spam.  My system would ideally encompass these=
 proven technologies.  My system addresses the flaws that exist with these =
technologies, namely these services cannot retroactively protect existing e=
mail accounts in any practical way and that legitimate senders who have the=
ir sub-addresses deactivated have no practical spammer-proof way of acquiri=
ng a new address.
=20
> > Is there anyone who does not think that this system is profoundly
> > superior to every other challenge/response system?
>=20
> As I would hope is obviously by now:  Yes.  Me.

Can you be more specific as to why my system is not superior to every other=
 challenge/response system?  Is there any other challenge/response system t=
hat allows for the unimpeded receipt of third party emails?  Is there any o=
ther challenge/response system that avoids challenging every unique corresp=
ondent?  Is there any other challenge/response system that uses a challenge=
 that is as resistant to automated attack as my system uses?


>=20
> > Seeing the CAPTCHA requires a system that either allows for a
> > graphics capable MUA or allows activation of a hyperlink [-] True.
> > You would need to access a system that would allow you to see
> > graphics.
>=20
> Which kills it right there, as far as I'm concerned.  (As if it
> needed
> further killing for me.)
>=20
> > A graphics capable MUA is the most convenient, but all you would
> > really need is a computer with a web browser so you can paste the
> > link into the browser and view the CAPTCHA.
>=20
> No.  A computer with a *graphics-capable* web browser.
>=20
> > Don[']t most people have access to web browsers?
>=20
> Most people?  Certainly.  And if you can arrange that only those
> people
> ever send mail to your system, you're fine - in that respect.
>=20
> > Typical users can see email graphics.  I obviously travel in
> > different circles since I don[']t know a single person who uses an
> > email system that is not graphics capable.
>=20
> Your system needs more than graphics capable; it needs graphics
> convenient.  I can, if I need to, extract an image frokm a webpage or
> email and look at it.  It is not a convenient process, and I most
> certainly would not bother to do it to answer a C/R challenge.
>=20
> > I would argue that most typical users would not worry enough about
> > the minority of people who cannot access graphics via their mail
> > system.  The incentive to use a system that effectively eliminates
> > spam would outweigh the need to cater to this minority.

Typical email users use systems that are graphics convenient.  A smaller nu=
mber use a system that is graphics capable if not convenient.  A very small=
 number of people use systems that are graphics incapable.  The worst case =
scenario is that someone refuses to adjust to a graphics capable system.  I=
n such a case my system will revert back to the functionality of Zoemail or=
 Reflexion; two pretty good if imperfect systems.



I don't know if this process is helping anyone else but it is helping me.  =
I spent a lot of time thinking about what obstacles existed and ways to get=
 around them but it wasn't until I came to this board that I understood tha=
t I paid insufficient attention to issues such as problems caused by errant=
 bounces and language barriers.  I already feel that my concept has been im=
proved and I will update my website before pursuing this further at other v=
enues.  I admit that I am still baffled by some of the objections to my sys=
tem but I will persevere.

Thanks,

Michael Kaplan


--=20
_______________________________________________
Find what you are looking for with the Lycos Yellow Pages
http://r.lycos.com/r/yp_emailfooter/http://yellowpages.lycos.com/default.as=
p?SRC=3Dlycos10


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From: "Peter J. Holzer" <hjp-asrg@hjp.at>
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: Disaster looming: SPF
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On 2004-12-10 18:58:50 +0530, Devdas Bhagat wrote:
> On 09/12/04 23:42 +0100, Frank Ellermann wrote:
> > Devdas Bhagat wrote:
> > > What about using multiple .forwards or equivalent?
> >=20
> > Forwarding is something the receiver does.  Sender policies are
> > something the senders publish.  Senders don't know and don't
> > care what a receiver does, it's his problem.  Senders only say:
> >=20
>=20
> Right. But .forward is still used and SPF breaks that.

True. And that means that as a receiver you can only use SPF to reject
mail if you know that the mail did not run through a legitimate
=2Eforward.

For my 1-person-setup at home that's pretty simple. I know where I have
=2Eforwards pointing to which address, so I can either whitelist these
addresses or the servers with the .forwards.

For an ISP it means they have to allow users to maintain their own
whitelists and they have to offer support for those users. I am not
prepared to do that at my work place. I expect there to be way too many
support calls for the little spam/phishing/forgeries this will stop.

> > > Or people using the bounce feature in mutt?
> >=20
> > Is that the stuff where I get mail claiming to be MAIL FROM me,
> > but in fact it's from somebody else ?  I'd report it to abuse@
> > for the corresponding IP, it's forged.  But actually it should
> > never arrive if publishers of -all policies also check SPF on
> > their own MX.
>=20
> No. Mutt adds a Resent-from header and keeps the original mail
> information.

Mutt also generates a new envelope MAIL FROM with the same content as
the Resent-From header, so it isn't broken by SPF.

	hp

--=20
   _  | Peter J. Holzer    | Je h=F6her der Norden, desto weniger wird
|_|_) | Sysadmin WSR       | =FCberhaupt gesprochen, also auch kein Dialekt.
| |   | hjp@hjp.at         | Hallig Gr=F6de ist fast g=E4nzlich dialektfrei.
__/   | http://www.hjp.at/ |   -- Hannes Petersen in desd

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Devdas Bhagat wrote:

> But .forward is still used and SPF breaks that.

SPF fixes it.  551 is an error.  251 was an exception, a
courtesy, a hack, it worked with reverse source routes,
sometimes.  It was never meant to be used generally and
forever, otherwise there would be no 251 / 551.

It hurts millions of innocent bystanders with tera bytes
of forgeries and the resulting bounces / challenges / out
of office and whatever else mails.

Today .forward is the worst loophole in SMTP, worse than
open relays.  And SPF closes it.  It's a feature, no bug.

                      Bye, Frank



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Oh, I hate these *%$%&& Software patents. After being burnt by Microsoft 
patenting sender-ID which was aready in use anyway, but who has the 
money to fight Microsofts' lawyers?

So for challenge/response systems let us state, for the record, the list 
of methods that can be used to hide the "secret" challenge.

Visual:
1) skewed and/or broken text in 2d.
2) skewed and or broken text in 3d.
3) representation of an object and you have to enter the name of the object
4) representation of an object and you have to click on a box that holds 
a description of the object
5) representation of an object that is only truly visible in 3d, and the 
representation moves through a technology such as multi-frame GIFs, or 
some other simple movie system (quicktime/mpeg-X etc etc.)
6) any of the above that has an incomplete image and the compliment, 
conclusion, and/or part of the image has to be selected either by point 
and click or mouse over in a sequence, or typing a description.

Aural:
1) Select which of a number of tones is highest,
2) select if the tones go up or down
3) select a well known piece of music (well known may be selected by 
country of origina - national anthem etc.)
4) write down a word that is stated with background noise/music/tones

Time Based
1) select the colours that are flashing in sequence based on a time sequence

Logical
1) simple mathematical aritmetic and select the correct answer from a 
range of answers
2) simple logic puzzle and select the correct answer from a range of answers

Ascii Art
(For der Mouse :-)
Word/image encoded in ascii art - select the image and reply with the 
correct answer

Touch/smell/taste
when we have other sensors give a challenge in a noisy environment 
similar to above and check reply :-)

In any case these are some I thought of in 5 minutes. they are ALL 
obvious to somebody who is familiar in the art. Basically we are looking 
for something that machines are known to be poor at. These all involve 
discriminating something in a human sense that is in a noisy environment.

Allowing a patent for any of these type of things shows that the patent 
office is failing in its duty of care to ensure patents are non trivial 
or obvious.

In anycase when a challenge/response system has a limited sample space 
you can just burn attempts from pirated machines - if only .1% gets 
through then send 100 times as many :-) One of the assumptions that 
anti-spam systems must make is that the spammers can send a virtually 
unlimited number of attempts at no cost to them.

BTW, for the language issue any of the logic/colour puzzles can be used 
in a language independant manner. Any decent symbologist can devise a 
number of these puzzles that can be used with varying answers. Using an 
answerback on the html page itself can remove the requirement to speak 
the language - look at any of the decent IQ tests to see the type of 
puzzles.

					Rex.
Michael Kaplan wrote:
>>On Thu, 9 Dec 2004, Paul Lambert wrote:
>>
>>
>>>I noticed at the bottom of your web site the 'Patents Pending' text.
>>>
>>>What part of the proposal do you feel is unique and covered by your
>>>patent applications.
>>
>>Thank you for noticing, I personally did not look at the page and so did
>>not know but for those who don't know ASRG has requirement that if you're
>>presenting patented (or patent-panding) technology that you let that be
>>known from the very start.
>>
>>Since Michael has not done it, I request that the people on this list do
>>not review and participate in further discussions or critique of CAPTHA
>>on this list as that would be in violation of group policies. I'm sure
>>Michael can find some  other place to receive feedback on and where his
>>presentation would not violate group charter and when he's done so, he
>>can let us know so that those interesed can subscribe there for further
>>discussions related to CAPTCHA and its patent-pending technologies.
>>
>>Note: For info on ASRG IPR policies see http://asrg.sp.am/about/ipr.shtml
>>
>>--
>>William Leibzon
>>Elan Networks
> 
> 
> My web page states this informatiion unambiguously.  I have disclosed this "from the very start."
> Also this is not a direct criticism of the technology.  If this group prevented itself from discussing any technology for which there were property issues then there would be very little to talk about.
> 
> Michael G. Kaplan



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> THE FACT IS THAT IF YOU ARE ON A CRUISE SHIP AT THEIR INTERNET CAFE, OR AT AN 
> AIRPORT WAITING LOUNGE INTERNET ACCESS KIOSK, (and many other public-access 
> situations) YOU MOST LIKELY HAVE *NO* CONTROL ABOUT WHAT SMTP MAIL SERVER IS 
> GOING TO BE SENDING YOUR OUTGOING E-MAIL MESSAGE.  That notwithstanding, 
> OBVIOUSLY you would STILL want to use "your" own E-mail address as the sender!

Why would you not send the email as:

From:		fred@cruise.ship.com
Reply-To:	fred@your.own.domain.com

It seems that this is what RFC 2822 (see below) offers as a solution
to the difficulty. The owners of cruise.ship.com can publish their SPF
records, the envelope FROM header correctly identifies the origin of
the mail (cruise.ship.com), no one is confused about where to send the
reply.

If I go on holiday and send a friend a postcard, I don't try to
pretend that the postcard was sent from my hometown. What would be the
point? I'd have shelled out all this money and he wouldn't know to be
jealous. If I'm only going away for a short time, I want him to reply
to my normal home address - but I don't pretend that my postcard came
from there. If I'm away for a long time, I'll put my new (temporary)
address on the card or envelope.

Why should email be any different? If I'm goint to be using the
address from which I send as the place I want to receive responses,
then I don't use Reply-To: (and replies will come to my new
(temporary) email address). If I want to receive replies back at home
then adding Reply-To: seems straightforward enough.

Henry Grebler

------------------------------------------------------------------------
RFC 2822
------------------------------------------------------------------------

3.6.2. Originator fields

   The originator fields of a message consist of the from field, the
   sender field (when applicable), and optionally the reply-to field.
   The from field consists of the field name "From" and a
   comma-separated list of one or more mailbox specifications.  If the
   from field contains more than one mailbox specification in the
   mailbox-list, then the sender field, containing the field name
   "Sender" and a single mailbox specification, MUST appear in the
   message.  In either case, an optional reply-to field MAY also be
   included, which contains the field name "Reply-To" and a
   comma-separated list of one or more addresses.

from            =       "From:" mailbox-list CRLF

sender          =       "Sender:" mailbox CRLF

reply-to        =       "Reply-To:" address-list CRLF

   The originator fields indicate the mailbox(es) of the source of the
   message.  The "From:" field specifies the author(s) of the message,
   that is, the mailbox(es) of the person(s) or system(s) responsible
   for the writing of the message.  The "Sender:" field specifies the
   mailbox of the agent responsible for the actual transmission of the
   message.  For example, if a secretary were to send a message for
   another person, the mailbox of the secretary would appear in the
   "Sender:" field and the mailbox of the actual author would appear in
   the "From:" field.  If the originator of the message can be indicated
   by a single mailbox and the author and transmitter are identical, the
   "Sender:" field SHOULD NOT be used.  Otherwise, both fields SHOULD
   appear.

   The originator fields also provide the information required when
   replying to a message.  When the "Reply-To:" field is present, it
   indicates the mailbox(es) to which the author of the message suggests
   that replies be sent.  In the absence of the "Reply-To:" field,
   replies SHOULD by default be sent to the mailbox(es) specified in the
   "From:" field unless otherwise specified by the person composing the
   reply.
------------------------------------------------------------------------


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From: "Michael Kaplan" <mkaplansolution@lycos.com>
To: "Danny Angus" <Danny_Angus@slc.co.uk>
Date: Mon, 13 Dec 2004 11:07:59 -0500
Subject: Re: [Asrg] A response to the critique of my anti-spam system
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Danny,

I thank you for your constructive criticism.  The responses on this board h=
ave lead me to appreciate what the objections to my system are.  Fortunatel=
y after some thought I have been able to improve upon my system.  My websit=
e has been modified based on the feedback from this board.  I include below=
 the excerpt from my website that now addresses how bounces should be handl=
ed:

"The problem with the bounces does not involve the small number of bounces =
sent in response to emails from legitimate senders who are not on the white=
 list and who used a deactivated sub-address.  The real problem will be wit=
h the bounces that are sent in response to the hoard of spam that is being =
sent using a deactivated sub-address (or with no sub-address at all).

All emails that would have generated bounces are first sent through a weak =
spam filter (meaning one that will almost never generate a false positive).=
  Let's say that this weak filter identifies 95% of these emails as unambig=
uously being spam.  Bounces are now generated only to the remaining 5% of e=
mails.  Now this system can only increase a network's traffic up to 5%.  Th=
is small increase in traffic should be quite tolerable.  We have also drama=
tically decreased the number of innocent people who will be hit with these =
bounces because a spammer forged their email address.  (Frankly if a spamme=
r can forge your address then you must really be getting hit with spam, so =
activating ISACS would solve your problems).

There will still be some innocent victims, but the number is now far fewer.=
  Email service providers can respond to the growing popularity of this sys=
tem by filtering out any bounce that is sent to a user who had not previous=
ly sent the corresponding email.  There really should be no reason for anyo=
ne to receive a bounce in response to an email that they never sent."


You also asked what I meant by a typical user.  Some people cannot use this=
 system such as certain business people, people who insist on keeping an ac=
tive email address in an easily harvested form on website, or people who ar=
e afraid of being cut off from correspondents who use a graphics incapable =
email system.  I define a typical user as being everyone else for whom this=
 system would be ideal.  I have no hard data as to how many people this wou=
ld be, but I imagine it being the majority.

You point out that anti-spam systems would ideally stop spam at the source.=
  My system will nearly totally eliminate spam from the user's perspective.=
  My system will likely be compatible with any additional anti-spam measure=
s that can be instituted in the future to further control spam at the sourc=
e.

My website has also been updated in a few other ways in response to critiqu=
es over issues such as how I would handle multiple languages.  I feel that =
my system has improved as a result of this process.

Sincerely,

Michael



> Michael,
>=20
> You write:
>=20
> > The theoretical maximum increase in email traffic that this system could
> generate would be 100%
>=20
> Correct.
>=20
> > The near perfect efficacy of my system for blocking spam would justify
> such expenditure.
>=20
> No it wouldn't, such expenditure represents for infrastructure providers a
> 100% increase in investment in hardware and bandwidth for systems handling
> email.
> There is no way you could call this acceptable.
> One of the key drivers behind the search for effective spam reduction is
> that it would *reduce* the infrastructure investment required to handle
> unwanted mail. Your system quite clearly increases the required investmen=
t.
>=20
> > How would you feel if your email provider said to you
> > =E2=80=9CI know you are overwhelmed by spam and that this system will v=
irtually
> eliminate
> > it but doing so could cause a near doubling of your email traffic so you
> can=E2=80=99t
> > use it and you must live with this spam burden forever=E2=80=9D?
>=20
>=20
> Wrong perspective. The ISP's statement should be rephrased as
> "I know you are overwhelmed by spam and this system will virtually
> eliminate it but to provide it we will double the fee we charge for your
> email service simply to handle the existing volume. Incremental increases
> in capacity required to handle increased levels of incoming spam will
> likewise require double the current incremental charge. Perhaps you would
> prefer to allow us to invest in several less effective solutions which wi=
ll
> reduce but not elimiate the unwanted email more cost effectively."
>=20
> <snip>
>=20
> > I am not arguing that my system is absolute perfection, or that it suits
> the needs of every email user in the world.
> >  I only argue that it is vastly superior to anything else out there.
> > Take for example a typical AOL user.
> > Almost every AOL user is plagued by tremendous amounts of spam
>=20
> I don't think AOL could raise the capital required to double their mail
> traffic capacity, where would the ROI come from?
>=20
> <snip>
>=20
> > I ask you:  Is there any other system out there that,
> > even when applied to a hundred million people, could eliminate nearly
> 100%
> > of spam as my system would for a typical user
>=20
> Your system doesn't elimiate it it merely hides it from the intended
> recipient by introducing an automated challenge response systrem.
> The goal should be to identify and elimiate it from the system as near to
> the sender as is possible and thereby gain cost savings on the delivery of
> wanted messages by reducing the ratio of wanted to unwanted.
>=20
> <snip>
>=20
> > Is there any other comparable system that is as easy to integrate into
> current email architecture?
>=20
> Easy perhaps, but prohibitively expensive by design.
>=20
> > Before you reject my system can you suggest one that is in any way
> comparable?
> > Is the status quo superior?
> > Are you holding out hope for an as of yet unknown but better system?
> > Have you totally given up any hope for a truly effective anti-spam
> system?
>=20
> Spam is not a deterministic problem. We are unlikely to achieve a single
> deterministic solution.
> Efforts (IMHO) to effectively reduce the burden on systems caused by spam
> are likely to involve many initiatives which when taken together can also
> operate non-deterministically.
>=20
> > I accept your criticisms, but I view them as relatively minor given the
> likely efficacy of this system.
>=20
> I'm not quite sure what the point of you asking us to comment was then!
>=20
> > Many people such as business people may decide to forgo this system.
> > However, this system would be the FUSSP for the enormous population of
> typical users
>=20
> What do you think a typical user is, and what data did you analyse to form
> this assumption?
>=20
> Asked to make a similar assumption I would say that the typical victim of
> spam was the mail provider,
> particularly business for whom there is a real and proportional dollar co=
st
> associated with providing
> the capacity required to handle their unwanted email.
>=20
> > out there for whom the relatively minor detractions are not important.
>=20
> I'm sorry but I really don't think that cost can be described as a minor
> distraction for most service providers, however big or small!
>=20
> d.
>=20
> *************************************************************************=
**
> The information in this e-mail is confidential and for use by the=20
> addressee(s) only. If you are not the intended recipient (or=20
> responsible for delivery of the message to the intended recipient)=20
> please notify us immediately on 0141 306 2050 and delete the=20
> message from your computer. You may not copy or forward it or use=20
> or disclose its contents to any other person. As Internet=20
> communications are capable of data corruption Student Loans Company=20
> Limited does not accept any  responsibility for changes made to=20
> this message after it was sent. For this reason it may be=20
> inappropriate to rely on advice or opinions contained in an e-mail=20
> without obtaining written confirmation of it. Neither Student Loans=20
> Company Limited or the sender accepts any liability or=20
> responsibility for viruses as it is your responsibility to scan=20
> attachments (if any). Opinions and views expressed in this e-mail=20
> are those of the sender and may not reflect the opinions and views=20
> of The Student Loans Company Limited.
>=20
> This footnote also confirms that this email message has been swept=20
> for the presence of computer viruses.
>=20
> **************************************************************************

--=20
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Date: Mon, 13 Dec 2004 22:39:15 +0530
From: Devdas Bhagat <devdas@dvb.homelinux.org>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] A response to the critique of my anti-spam system
Message-ID: <20041213223915.A6097@evita.devdas.geek>
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On 13/12/04 11:07 -0500, Michael Kaplan wrote:
> "The problem with the bounces does not involve the small number of
> bounces sent in response to emails from legitimate senders who are not
> on the white list and who used a deactivated sub-address.  The real
> problem will be with the bounces that are sent in response to the hoard
> of spam that is being sent using a deactivated sub-address (or with no
> sub-address at all).
> 
> All emails that would have generated bounces are first sent through a
> weak spam filter (meaning one that will almost never generate a false
> positive).  Let's say that this weak filter identifies 95% of these
> emails as unambiguously being spam.  Bounces are now generated only to
> the remaining 5% of emails.  Now this system can only increase a network's
> traffic up to 5%.  This small increase in traffic should be quite
> tolerable.  We have also dramatically decreased the number of innocent

http://nixcartel.org/~devdas/minute.png

5% you say? Note that you require all that mail to be accepted in the
first place.

Devdas Bhagat

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From: "Michael Kaplan" <mkaplansolution@lycos.com>
To: "Devdas Bhagat" <devdas@dvb.homelinux.org>
Date: Mon, 13 Dec 2004 13:47:23 -0500
Subject: Re: [Asrg] A response to the critique of my anti-spam system
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I admit that my knowledge of mail systems is finite, and I am not sure what=
 you mean by "accepted," but this is how I envision current mail systems fu=
nction as compared to my system:

Current mail systems
Email arrives at the server and white listed email is passed on to the reci=
pients inbox, everything else is passed through a filter >>> A strong filte=
r removes 99% of spam and on a rare occasion a legitimate email.  The filte=
red spam is either discarded or sent to a bulk mail folder >>> Everything t=
hat escapes the filter arrives in the recipients inbox.

My system
Email arrives at the server and white listed email and email that contains =
a valid sub-address is passed on to the recipients inbox, everything else i=
s passed through a filter >>> A weak filter removes 95% of spam and on an e=
xtremely rare occasion a legitimate email.  The filtered spam is discarded =
>>> A bounce is sent out to the 5% of email that made it through the filter.

Would everyone agree that this is more or less correct?  My system does not=
 require that all email be accepted any more than current email systems.  I=
f your current email system uses a bulk email folder than in actuality your=
 current system is 'accepting everything.'

Sincerely,
Michael Kaplan

>=20
> On 13/12/04 11:07 -0500, Michael Kaplan wrote:
> > "The problem with the bounces does not involve the small number of
> > bounces sent in response to emails from legitimate senders who are not
> > on the white list and who used a deactivated sub-address.  The real
> > problem will be with the bounces that are sent in response to the hoard
> > of spam that is being sent using a deactivated sub-address (or with no
> > sub-address at all).
> >
> > All emails that would have generated bounces are first sent through a
> > weak spam filter (meaning one that will almost never generate a false
> > positive).  Let's say that this weak filter identifies 95% of these
> > emails as unambiguously being spam.  Bounces are now generated only to
> > the remaining 5% of emails.  Now this system can only increase a networ=
k's
> > traffic up to 5%.  This small increase in traffic should be quite
> > tolerable.  We have also dramatically decreased the number of innocent
>=20
> http://nixcartel.org/~devdas/minute.png
>=20
> 5% you say? Note that you require all that mail to be accepted in the
> first place.
>=20
> Devdas Bhagat
>=20
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg

--=20
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From asrg-bounces@ietf.org  Mon Dec 13 14:09:41 2004
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From: Devdas Bhagat <devdas@dvb.homelinux.org>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] A response to the critique of my anti-spam system
Message-ID: <20041214002648.A8782@evita.devdas.geek>
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On 13/12/04 13:47 -0500, Michael Kaplan wrote:
> I admit that my knowledge of mail systems is finite, and I am not sure what you mean by "accepted," but this is how I envision current mail systems function as compared to my system:
> 
> Current mail systems
> Email arrives at the server and white listed email is passed on to the
> recipients inbox, everything else is passed through a filter >>> A strong
> filter removes 99% of spam and on a rare occasion a legitimate email. 
> The filtered spam is either discarded or sent to a bulk mail folder
> >>> Everything that escapes the filter arrives in the recipients inbox.
> 
God no. This approach doesn't scale to reducing spam at high volumes.
You start by filtering out stuff in the SMTP transaction. (Bad HELO/EHLO
names, syntax errors, greeting as the IP of the SMTP server, non
existing recipients). Then you allow whitelisted hosts through.
Then you check against DNSBLs and local IP blacklists and local sender
address and domain based blacklists.
Additionally, you may check for message lines which indicate malicious
content (attachments ending in .exe, .vbs, .hta, etc which generally
indicate malware).
Only mail that goes through this can hit the per user
whitelist/blacklist.

There are usually multiple levels of whitelists and blacklists, and the
global ones are usually dominant over the per user configs.

Only after 90%+ of the crap is rejected at the edge are you looking at
possible bulk mail filtering by content (UBE is about consent, not
content).

Devdas Bhagat

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By accepted he means that your SMTP server will have received all the email
sent to it.

----- Original Message ----- 
From: "Michael Kaplan" <mkaplansolution@lycos.com>
To: "Devdas Bhagat" <devdas@dvb.homelinux.org>
Cc: <asrg@ietf.org>
Sent: Monday, December 13, 2004 10:47 AM
Subject: Re: [Asrg] A response to the critique of my anti-spam system


> I admit that my knowledge of mail systems is finite, and I am not sure
what you mean by "accepted," but this is how I envision current mail systems
function as compared to my system:
>
> Current mail systems
> Email arrives at the server and white listed email is passed on to the
recipients inbox, everything else is passed through a filter >>> A strong
filter removes 99% of spam and on a rare occasion a legitimate email.  The
filtered spam is either discarded or sent to a bulk mail folder >>>
Everything that escapes the filter arrives in the recipients inbox.
>
> My system
> Email arrives at the server and white listed email and email that contains
a valid sub-address is passed on to the recipients inbox, everything else is
passed through a filter >>> A weak filter removes 95% of spam and on an
extremely rare occasion a legitimate email.  The filtered spam is discarded
>>> A bounce is sent out to the 5% of email that made it through the filter.
>
> Would everyone agree that this is more or less correct?  My system does
not require that all email be accepted any more than current email systems.
If your current email system uses a bulk email folder than in actuality your
current system is 'accepting everything.'
>
> Sincerely,
> Michael Kaplan


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From asrg-bounces@ietf.org  Mon Dec 13 14:56:07 2004
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From: "Michael Kaplan" <mkaplansolution@lycos.com>
To: "Devdas Bhagat" <devdas@dvb.homelinux.org>
Date: Mon, 13 Dec 2004 14:39:18 -0500
Subject: Re: [Asrg] A response to the critique of my anti-spam system
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The process is obviously pretty sophisticated, but it is also completely co=
mpatible with my system.  With my system you can process email that lacks a=
 sub-address in the exact same way except for the final filtering step, the=
n you can send bounces to all the emails that make it through the filter.

With my system the demand on a networks resources will be almost identical =
to the demand placed by the current email system.  The real difference, of =
course, is that with my system the user will pretty much live a spam free e=
xistence.

Michael Kaplan


----- Original Message -----
From: "Devdas Bhagat" <devdas@dvb.homelinux.org>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] A response to the critique of my anti-spam system
Date: Tue, 14 Dec 2004 00:26:48 +0530

>=20
> On 13/12/04 13:47 -0500, Michael Kaplan wrote:
> > I admit that my knowledge of mail systems is finite, and I am not=20
> > sure what you mean by "accepted," but this is how I envision=20
> > current mail systems function as compared to my system:
> >
> > Current mail systems
> > Email arrives at the server and white listed email is passed on to the
> > recipients inbox, everything else is passed through a filter >>> A stro=
ng
> > filter removes 99% of spam and on a rare occasion a legitimate=20
> > email. The filtered spam is either discarded or sent to a bulk=20
> > mail folder
> > >>> Everything that escapes the filter arrives in the recipients inbox.
> >
> God no. This approach doesn't scale to reducing spam at high volumes.
> You start by filtering out stuff in the SMTP transaction. (Bad HELO/EHLO
> names, syntax errors, greeting as the IP of the SMTP server, non
> existing recipients). Then you allow whitelisted hosts through.
> Then you check against DNSBLs and local IP blacklists and local sender
> address and domain based blacklists.
> Additionally, you may check for message lines which indicate malicious
> content (attachments ending in .exe, .vbs, .hta, etc which generally
> indicate malware).
> Only mail that goes through this can hit the per user
> whitelist/blacklist.
>=20
> There are usually multiple levels of whitelists and blacklists, and the
> global ones are usually dominant over the per user configs.
>=20
> Only after 90%+ of the crap is rejected at the edge are you looking at
> possible bulk mail filtering by content (UBE is about consent, not
> content).
>=20
> Devdas Bhagat
>=20
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg

--=20
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From: Devdas Bhagat <devdas@dvb.homelinux.org>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] A response to the critique of my anti-spam system
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On 13/12/04 14:39 -0500, Michael Kaplan wrote:
> The process is obviously pretty sophisticated, but it is also completely
> compatible with my system.  With my system you can process email that
> lacks a sub-address in the exact same way except for the final filtering
> step, then you can send bounces to all the emails that make it through
> the filter.

Did you see that graph? That graph shows over one million mails (1000000
mails) being processed per minute, for a random minute of the day.

Given that there is a 10% acceptance rate and that we still have our
users report about 15% to 20% of that as spam, we are looking at 80000
mails being processed per minute. Say that 25% of this is first contact
and you are looking at generating 40000 bounces per minute.

That is in addition to the normal outbound traffic (which is heavily
content filtered for 419 scammers), and you are looking at severe dents
to resources. And this will really impact smaller sites, which /will/ be
deluged by mail from large systems like that one.

Devdas Bhagat

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Date: Mon, 13 Dec 2004 20:38:18 +0000
From: Fridrik Skulason <frisk@f-prot.com>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] A response to the critique of my anti-spam system]
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I have several objections to your system, which I have not seen you
respond to.

1) I am in charge of a fairly popular web-accessible database, which requires
   a password for access.  Sometimes people will forget their password, but
   then they can type in their ID number and have the password sent to the
   e-mail addresss they provided when they registered.  This is a fully 
   automatic process.  If those users were using your system, my mail to
   their address might well bounce, as the address hight have become
   invalid.  I am not willing to accept the extra burden of processing
   those bounces, and I assume the same will be true for many others who
   maintain a similar system, and this might mean a significant
   inconvenience for anyone actually using the system - a system which
   involves brealing a number of existing systems will not be popular.

2) Your mails might look like spam to some spam filters - there are
   filters that notice the transmission of a large number of substantially
   identical messages and attachments, and automatically learn to
   identify those mails spam.   This will happen quicker if your
   system ever responds to a forged mail address which happens to be
   a spam trap.  There are systems that will consider anyone who mails
   to a spam trap to be a spammer, and censor all future mail from that
   user/server combination.  Basically, what I am saying is that your
   system is just not compatible with some existing anti-spam solutions.

3) Your system does not work at all for addresses which people expect to
   find like "postmaster", "webmaster", "sales", "support", "info",
   "abuse" and so on.  People are just not going to appreciate a message
   telling them to use a different addres - in particular if it arrives as
   a graphical attachment.

4) Old e-mail addresses never die.  I am still receiving the occasional
   spam to an address I used ONCE to post a Usenet message back in '89.
   That address is now redirected to a spamtrap and working nicely as
   such.  Now, if I started constantly switching e-mail addresses, I would
   eventually be receiving multiple copies of every spam message - one 
   or more to each address.  This would just mean increased load for my 
   server, and as I have to pay for my incoming traffic, I do not 
   appreciate tht increase.  

>You also asked what I meant by a typical user.  Some people cannot use this=
> system such as certain business people, people who insist on keeping an ac=
>tive email address in an easily harvested form on website, or people who ar=
>e afraid of being cut off from correspondents who use a graphics incapable =
>email system. 

Also include everyone wanting to participate in a public discussion board,
Usenet group or any other similar servide which publishes your e-mail.

In fact, just about the only ones who could use the syetem are those who
can keep their e-mail address secret - but even that does not work in
practice unless they never send out mail.  E-mails will get out and
spammers will harvest them.....no matter what.

-- 
Fridrik Skulason   Frisk Software International   phone: +354-540-7400


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From asrg-bounces@ietf.org  Mon Dec 13 17:58:01 2004
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Spam has been a significant problem for roughly 10 years, plus or minus.

ASRG has been operating for a couple of years.

My feeling is that the list continues to be consumed with that "fame
and/or fortune" lust which a significant breakthrough in spam fighting
might bring someone.

Unfortunately, we still don't really have very good or generally
accepted definitions of the problem we are trying to
solve. Consequently, there's no good critical framework within which
to judge whether some proposal makes progress. If you don't know where
you're going it's hard to tell if you're getting closer.

I realize some general definitions have been nicely documented here
which mostly amount to "email I don't want" and drops back to some
broad notion of "permission-based e-mail" since that would seem to be
the logical negative of "email I don't want" (i.e., a method of
limiting receipt to "email I do want".)

But even that implies a very specific agenda, namely that the only
important focus of spam is what hits an end-user's eyeballs.

To use an analogy, what if people were breaking into the phone system
and ringing your phone 7x24 with sleazy ads? Would the problem be the
ads on your phone, or that someone has compromised the entire phone
system?

Well, a little of both, perhaps, but you'd have to admit that there's
something more insidious about someone "breaking into" the phone
system and no one being able to stop them.

That's where we are right now with spam.

The internet has been seriously compromised.

The very concept of the internet has been seriously compromised.

This is why the spammers are effecting a sea change in the operation
of the internet, ending for example end-to-end services such as being
able to deliver your own email w/o use of an intermediary "official"
server (aka port 25 blocking.)

The ads themselves are perhaps just big annoyances, as would your
phone ringing off the hook day and night (unplug it and it goes away!
get an answering machine with filtering, put your calls through a
human answering service, etc.)

But not being able to stop people from seriously compromising the
entire phone system seems to me like a big problem. And there's
nothing special about the phone system, injecting their own ad flood
into your radio or TV programming would do as well, etc.

What I'm leading towards is that it's time we began laying down some
boundaries which recognize the underlying problem: The vast compromise
of the internet. And it's not just email so I won't add that
qualifier. This corruption has affected DNS, SMTP, virus activity,
bandwidth considerations, WWW services, and even IP and TCP spoofing,
and that's only the direct effects.

Put another way, it's not the spam which is a problem, it's what makes
it impossible to stop, short of abandoning fundamental assumptions
about the medium, which is the problem.


-- 
        -Barry Shein

Software Tool & Die    | bzs@TheWorld.com           | http://www.TheWorld.com
Purveyors to the Trade | Voice: 617-739-0202        | Login: 617-739-WRLD
The World              | Public Access Internet     | Since 1989     *oo*

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From asrg-bounces@ietf.org  Mon Dec 13 18:28:05 2004
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Date: Tue, 14 Dec 2004 01:25:15 +0200
From: Gadi Evron <ge@linuxbox.org>
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> Put another way, it's not the spam which is a problem, it's what makes
> it impossible to stop, short of abandoning fundamental assumptions
> about the medium, which is the problem.

First off, thanks for your email message. Very wise and fitting words.

I believe the problems of spam, ad/spyware, worms, drone armies, etc. 
can all fit under one category: abuse.

End users can't really use services and/or get abused, while the service 
providers need to invest in bigger tubes, filtering, and/or man power 
accordingly and relative to their business decisions.

As I said before, all these problems are indeed connected. I haven't 
articulated it as well as you did (thanks!! I already forwarded your 
message to another list! I really liked it if nobody got it so far..).

I believe it is time to declare this is an epidemic, and start acting 
accordingly, as a community. Problem is, that although the Internet is a 
community, it is built of three distinct and different yet equally 
important parts:
1. The business oriented service provider, that sees no real reason to 
lose users, lose bandwidth payments and/or invest money in the issue.
2. The numerous networks that people who never even heard about security 
and/or abuse, run.
3. The end users who don't, and really shouldn't care about security - 
the problem won't be solved here.

These three layers are directly connected in a descending manner. Each 
could effect the rest, and usually in different levels of success.

If one service provider decided today that they want to be good netizens 
and block users who abuse their connection - these users would switch 
ISP's. If the big guns would decide, together, to drop customers 
(smaller providers) who are abusers/harbor abusers, they then won't have 
anywhere to run. You can take these examples on, recursively.

But how do you make the ENTIRE Internet work together? You can't. 
Community based changes of this magnitude are difficult, fought against 
and usually are in competition with many others. Possible yet not really 
practical (note that in this particular case I don't include the big 
providers under the definition of community).

Then, how do you make the BIG providers spend money when they don't get 
anything in return, but rather lose money (despite most claims, I 
honestly believe providers either don't care or benefit from spam, 
nothing insidious or conspiratorial.. just my opinion).

Then, how would you get the end users to secure themselves?

It's an issue of numbers.. how many end users in the world? How many 
networks? How many big providers?

As long as we allow this crap through our tubes, it will stay there. It 
is that simple.

	Gadi.

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Subject: Re: [Asrg] A response to the critique of my anti-spam system
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> Given that there is a 10% acceptance rate and that we still have our
> users report about 15% to 20% of that as spam, we are looking at 80000
> mails being processed per minute. Say that 25% of this is first contact
> and you are looking at generating 40000 bounces per minute.

So a 10% acceptance rate and we will assume that 20% of that is spam.  So i=
f all this spam is sent using an invalid sub-address then that means that 2=
% of all email sent to your server will generate bounces.  So if everyone u=
sed my system then email volume would increase by 2%.  A 2% increase in vol=
ume wouldn't overwhelm anyones server, although I admit that if all of this=
 additional traffic were concentrated against a single small server then th=
at would cause problems.

When you quote absolute numbers then it does seem overwhelming, but the rel=
ative numbers are quite acceptable.

I do appreciate your input and I will need to adjust the language I use in =
my website to describe how only filtered messages will receive bounces, but=
 the gist of what I was describing will remain unchanged.

Thank you,

Michael Kaplan
--=20
_______________________________________________
Find what you are looking for with the Lycos Yellow Pages
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From: "Michael Kaplan" <mkaplansolution@lycos.com>
To: "Fridrik Skulason" <frisk@f-prot.com>
Date: Mon, 13 Dec 2004 19:55:22 -0500
Subject: Re: [Asrg] A response to the critique of my anti-spam system]
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Once again I appreciate any and all constructive criticism.

> I have several objections to your system, which I have not seen you
> respond to.
>=20
> 1) I am in charge of a fairly popular web-accessible database, which requ=
ires
>     a password for access.  Sometimes people will forget their password, =
but
>     then they can type in their ID number and have the password sent to t=
he
>     e-mail addresss they provided when they registered.  This is a fully
>     automatic process.  If those users were using your system, my mail to
>     their address might well bounce, as the address hight have become
>     invalid.  I am not willing to accept the extra burden of processing
>     those bounces, and I assume the same will be true for many others who
>     maintain a similar system, and this might mean a significant
>     inconvenience for anyone actually using the system - a system which
>     involves brealing a number of existing systems will not be popular.

The automatic generation of sub-addresses makes it less likely that the add=
ress that was given to your site will be deactivated but yes, your concern =
is justified.  If someone deactivates the sub-address and if they have not =
white-listed you then the reminder email you send them will bounce.  One ca=
n accept this as an inherent flaw with the system or you can address it in =
one of the following ways:

-When they are typing in their ID number you can have a clear reminder post=
ed such as: WE WILL NOT HANDLE BOUNCES AT THIS SITE.  IF YOU DEACTIVATED TH=
E SUB-ADDRESS THAT YOU GAVE US THEN YOU MUST ADD REMINDER@DATABASE.COM TO Y=
OUR WHITE-LIST BEFORE REQUESTING A REMINDER FOR YOUR PASSWORD.

-I imagine that if my system became very popular then there would be servic=
es in the developing world that would process these bounces for maybe a ten=
th of a cent a piece.  So if you are willing to spend $50 then you can get =
50,000 bounces decoded by this service.  I imagine that these services will=
 become very popular with businesses that do transactions over the internet=
.  Of course if you are a spammer and you want to decode 100 million bounce=
s a day then this same service will cost you $100,000 every day.


> 2) Your mails might look like spam to some spam filters - there are
>     filters that notice the transmission of a large number of substantial=
ly
>     identical messages and attachments, and automatically learn to
>     identify those mails spam.   This will happen quicker if your
>     system ever responds to a forged mail address which happens to be
>     a spam trap.  There are systems that will consider anyone who mails
>     to a spam trap to be a spammer, and censor all future mail from that
>     user/server combination.  Basically, what I am saying is that your
>     system is just not compatible with some existing anti-spam solutions.

This is a good point but I admit that I am not qualified to respond to this=
 criticism.  Many large companies such as Ebay, Paypal, and Amazon send out=
 mass mailings and filters allow these emails through.

Maybe someone out there with knowledge of these filters can either suggest =
the appropriate workaround for this issue, or barring that maybe they can c=
onfirm that this is a problem with no reasonable solution.  I would like to=
 know.

I will say that if you are actually using my system then this will not be a=
 problem since email sent with the correct sub-address will bypass content =
filters.

> 3) Your system does not work at all for addresses which people expect to
>     find like "postmaster", "webmaster", "sales", "support", "info",
>     "abuse" and so on.  People are just not going to appreciate a message
>     telling them to use a different addres - in particular if it arrives =
as
>     a graphical attachment.

I assume you are asking what happens when you send email to, say, the compu=
ter support department of Dell computer.  I really can't imagine that Dell =
would use this system to guard their support department.  This system is mo=
re suited for email accounts belonging to individuals.

> 4) Old e-mail addresses never die.  I am still receiving the occasional
>     spam to an address I used ONCE to post a Usenet message back in '89.
>     That address is now redirected to a spamtrap and working nicely as
>     such.  Now, if I started constantly switching e-mail addresses, I wou=
ld
>     eventually be receiving multiple copies of every spam message - one
>     or more to each address.  This would just mean increased load for my
>     server, and as I have to pay for my incoming traffic, I do not
>     appreciate tht increase.

I guess this is a general argument against the concept of any temporary or =
disposable email address.  This could be directed against Zoemail, Reflexio=
n, Yahoo's AddressGuard, Spam Gourmet....  It would also apply to the email=
 address I'm using now since I did not want to use my primary email address=
 in a public forum.

You may be right, but so far there has not been an uproar over the concept =
of disposable addresses.  Some people question if spammers would ever try t=
o prune their list of expired addresses.  I suspect that if 99% of a spamme=
rs list was made up of clearly expired addresses then they would be motivat=
ed to prune the list - but I admit that this is just speculation on my part=
.=20

> > You also asked what I meant by a typical user.  Some people cannot use =
this=3D
> > system such as certain business people, people who insist on keeping an=
 ac=3D
> > tive email address in an easily harvested form on website, or people wh=
o ar=3D
> > e afraid of being cut off from correspondents who use a graphics incapa=
ble =3D
> > email system.
>=20
> Also include everyone wanting to participate in a public discussion board,
> Usenet group or any other similar servide which publishes your e-mail.
>=20
> In fact, just about the only ones who could use the syetem are those who
> can keep their e-mail address secret - but even that does not work in
> practice unless they never send out mail.  E-mails will get out and
> spammers will harvest them.....no matter what.

I don't have to speculate as to if the automated generation of sub-addresse=
s will be an effective tool against spam.  Services such as Zoemail and Ref=
lexion are used successfully by many people. My system is an expansion and =
improvement of their proven technology.


Thank you,

Michael Kaplan
--=20
_______________________________________________
Find what you are looking for with the Lycos Yellow Pages
http://r.lycos.com/r/yp_emailfooter/http://yellowpages.lycos.com/default.as=
p?SRC=3Dlycos10


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From asrg-bounces@ietf.org  Tue Dec 14 08:35:46 2004
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From: Fridrik Skulason <frisk@f-prot.com>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: BCP suggestion,
	port 25 control RE: [Asrg] BCP suggestion: port-b  locking by ISPs
Message-ID: <20041214132315.GC673@f-prot.com>
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>   I've sometime wondered about that - would it be possible to use 
> viruses to fight viruses? 

It is possible.  It has been done.  It hasn't worked.

My favourite example is the Denzuko virus - an old boot sector virus
written in Bandung, Indonesia back in...uhm 1989 or so.  It was designed
to locate and remove the Stoned virus, replacing it with a copy of
itself.  This virus only infected 5.25" floppies with 40 tracks,
numbered 0..39, and it would format track 40 and place the original boot
sector and the rest of itself there.

Eveything worked fine....until the apperance of 3.5" floppies, which had
80 tracks.  Then the virus would reformat a track in the middle of the 
disk, changing from a mostly harmless anti-virus virus into a destructive
one.

Another reason why this is a bad idea is the legal one - the law does
not distinguish between harmless and "not-so-harmless" viruses when it
comes to the issue of legality of virus writing.

There is also the slight problem that anti-virus software would have to
find the anti-virus virus as well as any regular one.

Finally there is the ethical side - and the bottome line there is simply
that this is unacceptable behaviour.

-- 
Fridrik Skulason   Frisk Software International   phone: +354-540-7400
Author of F-PROT   E-mail: frisk@f-prot.com       fax:   +354-540-7401

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From asrg-bounces@ietf.org  Tue Dec 14 15:27:29 2004
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> Finally there is the ethical side - and the bottome line there is simply
> that this is unacceptable behaviour.

And a couple of things you did not mention..

Putting aside the ethical issues (just for a short moment) there is also 
the issue of a virus still being malicious software. Why? Not getting 
into term and definition arguments - it does something that the user did 
not ask for, on the user's machine.

Say we don't care... controlling replication of malicious code is 
extremely difficult. When attempted before, it caused the falling of 
entire networks, just last year.

Also.. who said viruses are bug free or well written? A programming 
error of some sort.. say.. even a buffer overflow could be disastrous.

And how the heck is someone REALLY supposed to control how, when and 
where a single sample spreads. It never worked. It has been attempted 
more than just a few times.

Add to that the fact that it doesn't actually solve the problem, and you 
still haven't covered everything of why it is a bad thing.

Back to ethical - writing viruses is simply a no-no.

	Gadi.

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>> THE FACT IS THAT IF YOU ARE ON A CRUISE SHIP AT THEIR INTERNET CAFE, OR AT AN 
> AIRPORT WAITING LOUNGE INTERNET ACCESS KIOSK, (and many other public-access 
> situations) YOU MOST LIKELY HAVE *NO* CONTROL ABOUT WHAT SMTP MAIL SERVER IS 
> GOING TO BE SENDING YOUR OUTGOING E-MAIL MESSAGE.  That notwithstanding, 
> OBVIOUSLY you would STILL want to use "your" own E-mail address as the sender!

> Why would you not send the email as:

> From:		fred@cruise.ship.com
Reply-To:	fred@your.own.domain.com

> It seems that this is what RFC 2822 (see below) offers as a solution
to the difficulty. The owners of cruise.ship.com can publish their SPF
records, the envelope FROM header correctly identifies the origin of
the mail (cruise.ship.com), no one is confused about where to send the
reply.

The fact is that there is (at present, anyhow) NO capability to send a 
specified/different "Reply-To:" header.

> If I go on holiday and send a friend a postcard, I don't try to
pretend that the postcard was sent from my hometown. What would be the
point? I'd have shelled out all this money and he wouldn't know to be
jealous. 

That's not the issue.  The issue is that you want to deal with business mail as 
business mail, and you want to maintain continuity of contact details, 
especially for E-mail correspondents that you have ongoing contact with.

> Why should email be any different? If I'm goint to be using the
address from which I send as the place I want to receive responses,
then I don't use Reply-To: (and replies will come to my new
(temporary) email address). If I want to receive replies back at home
then adding Reply-To: seems straightforward enough.

Again, the FACT is that you're not offered that as an option.

Is it POSSIBLE to re-engineer all the world's E-mail systems?  I suppose, in 
most cases.  But is it WORTH doing?  I don't think it is... at least not when 
the payback is as dubious as it is in this case.

Gordon Peterson                  http://personal.terabites.com/
1977-2002  Twenty-fifth anniversary year of Local Area Networking!
Support free and fair US elections!  http://stickers.defend-democracy.org
12/19/98: Partisan Republicans scornfully ignore the voters they "represent".
12/09/00: the date the Republican Party took down democracy in America.



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Date: Thu, 16 Dec 2004 09:55:43 -0800 (PST)
From: William Leibzon <william@completewhois.com>
To: asrg@ietf.org
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http://www.ftc.gov/opa/2004/12/canspamfrn.htm
  For Release: December 16, 2004

FTC Issues Final Rule Defining What Constitutes a "Commercial Electronic 
Mail Message"

  Notice Includes Criteria For Determining the "Primary Purpose" of an
  E-Mail Message

The Federal Trade Commission today issued final regulations to facilitate 
the determination of whether an e-mail message has a commercial primary 
purpose and is subject to the provisions of the CAN-SPAM Act. The CAN-SPAM 
Act, which took effect January 1, 2004, requires the Commission to issue 
regulations "defining the relevant criteria to facilitate the determination
of the primary purpose of an electronic mail message." The FTC published 
a Federal Register notice of proposed rulemaking (NPRM) on August 13, 
2004, seeking public comment on its proposed primary purpose criteria. 
The NPRM followed an Advance Notice of Proposed Rulemaking, issued on 
March 11, 2004, on this and other related issues raised by the CAN-SPAM Act

As detailed in the Federal Register notice, which will be published 
shortly and can be found on the Commission's Web site as a link to this 
press release, the final Rule is substantially similar to the proposal 
contained in the NPRM, but adds a criterion for determining the primary 
purpose of an e-mail message containing only "transactional or 
relationship" content, among other minor changes. The CAN-SPAM Act 
regulates both commercial messages and transactional or relationship 
messages. The notice makes clear that the Commission does not intend to 
regulate non-commercial speech through the Rule. The notice also addresses 
public comments received about the constitutionality of the CAN-SPAM Act, 
as well as of the FTC's "primary purpose" criteria.

The final Rule sets forth criteria for determining the primary purpose of 
various kinds of e-mail messages. These include:

* For e-mail messages that contain only the commercial advertisement or
   promotion of a commercial product or service ("commercial content"),
   the primary purpose of the message will be deemed to be commercial;

* For e-mail messages that contain both commercial content and
   "transactional or relationship" content as set forth in the Act's
   definition of "transactional or relationship message" and in the final
   Rule, the primary purpose of the message will be deemed to be commercial
   if either: 1) a recipient reasonably interpreting the subject line of
   the e-mail would likely conclude that the message contains commercial
   content; or 2) the e-mail's "transactional or relationship" content
   does not appear in whole or substantial part at the beginning of the
   body of the message;

* For e-mail messages that contain both commercial content and content
   that is neither "commercial" nor "transactional or relationship," the
   primary purpose of the message will be deemed to be commercial if
   either: 1) a recipient reasonably interpreting the subject line of the
   message would likely conclude that the message contains commercial
   content; or 2) a recipient reasonably interpreting the body of the
   message would likely conclude that the primary purpose of the message
   is commercial. Factors relevant to this interpretation include the
   placement of commercial content in whole or in substantial part at the
   beginning of the body of the message; the proportion of the message
   dedicated to commercial content; and how color, graphics, type size,
   and style are used to highlight commercial content; and

* For e-mail messages that contain only "transactional or relationship"
   content, the message will be deemed to have a "transactional or
   relationship" primary purpose.

Finally, the final Rule incorporates the "Sexually Explicit Labeling Rule" 
as promulgated in April 2004. The Commission vote approving publication of 
the Federal Register notice was 4-0-1, with Commissioner Jon Leibowitz not 
participating.


Copies of the Federal Register notice are available from the FTC's Web 
site at http://www.ftc.gov and also from the FTC's Consumer Response 
Center, Room 130, 600 Pennsylvania Avenue, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20580. 
The FTC works for the consumer to prevent fraudulent, deceptive, and 
unfair business practices in the marketplace and to provide information to 
help consumers spot, stop, and avoid them. To file a complaint in English 
or Spanish (bilingual counselors are available to take complaints), or to 
get free information on any of 150 consumer topics, call toll-free, 
1-877-FTC-HELP (1-877-382-4357), or use the complaint form at 
http://www.ftc.gov. The FTC enters Internet, telemarketing, identity 
theft, and other fraud-related complaints into Consumer Sentinel, a 
secure, online database available to hundreds of civil and criminal law 
enforcement agencies in the U.S. and abroad.

MEDIA CONTACT:

Mitchell J. Katz
Office of Public Affairs
202-326-2161

STAFF CONTACTS:

Catherine Harrington-McBride or Michael Goodman,
Bureau of Consumer Protection
202-326-2452 or 202-326-3071

(FTC File No. R411008)

(http://www.ftc.gov/opa/2004/12/canspamfrn.htm)
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From asrg-bounces@ietf.org  Thu Dec 16 16:08:09 2004
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From: John Levine <asrg@johnlevine.com>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] FTC tells us what is SPAM
In-Reply-To: <Pine.LNX.4.60.0412160943580.27225@cwhois1.completewhois.com>
Organization: I.E.C.C., Trumansburg NY USA
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>FTC Issues Final Rule Defining What Constitutes a "Commercial Electronic 
>Mail Message"
>
>  Notice Includes Criteria For Determining the "Primary Purpose" of an
>  E-Mail Message

This has vanishingly little to do with defining what spam is.  They're
defining what messages are subject to the CAN SPAM act, which
regulates all commercial e-mail, solicited and unsolicited.

I don't think much of the rules that CAN SPAM defines, but don't shoot
the messenger.  The Congress directed the FTC to regulate some kinds
of email, and the FTC is clarifying what mail that is.

Regards,
John Levine, johnl@taugh.com, Taughannock Networks, Trumansburg NY
http://www.taugh.com


_______________________________________________
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From asrg-bounces@ietf.org  Thu Dec 16 16:37:47 2004
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Date: Thu, 16 Dec 2004 13:13:29 -0800 (PST)
From: William Leibzon <william@completewhois.com>
To: John Levine <asrg@johnlevine.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] FTC tells us what is SPAM
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On Thu, 16 Dec 2004, John Levine wrote:

>> FTC Issues Final Rule Defining What Constitutes a "Commercial Electronic
>> Mail Message"
>>
>>  Notice Includes Criteria For Determining the "Primary Purpose" of an
>>  E-Mail Message
>
> This has vanishingly little to do with defining what spam is.  They're
> defining what messages are subject to the CAN SPAM act, which
> regulates all commercial e-mail, solicited and unsolicited.
>
> I don't think much of the rules that CAN SPAM defines, but don't shoot
> the messenger.  The Congress directed the FTC to regulate some kinds
> of email, and the FTC is clarifying what mail that is.

I agree. I've very little faith in the "You can spam all you want" act by 
congress. It seems to have allowed large spammers to tell ISPs that they 
are not doing anything illegal because they are CAN-SPAM compliant (which 
might or might not be true, but verifying takes long time) and if ISPs do 
threated a disconnect then they begin to use lawyers to keep them up longer.

Nevertheless that Congress clarified what consititutes a COMMERCIAL EMAIL
is very important because that directly related to UCE type of spam and
commercial part is very often what makes a difference if deciding how to
react to bulk sender on your net.

---
William Leibzon
   mailto: william@completewhois.com
Anti-Spam and Email Security Research Worksite:
   http://www.elan.net/~william/emailsecurity/
Whois & DNS Network Investigation Tools:
   http://www.completewhois.com
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From asrg-bounces@ietf.org  Sun Dec 19 03:57:23 2004
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From: Amir Herzberg <herzbea@cs.biu.ac.il>
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] FTC tells us what is SPAM (NO! what is commercial!)
References: <200412171721.iBHHL36X025360@deer.cs.biu.ac.il>
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>>FTC Issues Final Rule Defining What Constitutes a "Commercial Electronic 
>>Mail Message"

> This has vanishingly little to do with defining what spam is.

That's correct, and indeed I think the rule does not claim to define 
what is spam. Instead, it defines several classes of often-undesirable 
e-mail (commercial, etc.).

If e-mail belonging to such often-undesirable classes would have 
included an appropriate `warning` category label, this could provide 
very good mechanism for users and providers to filter out undesirable 
messages (based on user's and/or providers policies).

One possible (and imho very useful) definition of spam is `e-mail 
belonging ot one of the often-undesirable categories, but without an 
appropriate label`. The FCC rule may help define these categories, and 
technical mechanisms, and potentially complementary legal measures, can 
enforce appropriate labeling. See 
http://www.cs.biu.ac.il/~herzbea//Papers/ecommerce/Spam.htm for a simple 
  cryptographic protocol to enforce correct labeling for content 
selection (filtering).

Best, Amir Herzberg


   They're
> defining what messages are subject to the CAN SPAM act, which
> regulates all commercial e-mail, solicited and unsolicited.
> 
> I don't think much of the rules that CAN SPAM defines, but don't shoot
> the messenger.  The Congress directed the FTC to regulate some kinds
> of email, and the FTC is clarifying what mail that is.
> 
> Regards,
> John Levine, johnl@taugh.com, Taughannock Networks, Trumansburg NY
> http://www.taugh.com
> 
> 
> 
> 
> ------------------------------
> 
> Message: 3
> Date: Thu, 16 Dec 2004 13:13:29 -0800 (PST)
> From: William Leibzon <william@completewhois.com>
> Subject: Re: [Asrg] FTC tells us what is SPAM
> To: John Levine <asrg@johnlevine.com>
> Cc: asrg@ietf.org
> Message-ID:
> 	<Pine.LNX.4.60.0412161305200.29317@cwhois1.completewhois.com>
> Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
> 
> On Thu, 16 Dec 2004, John Levine wrote:
> 
> 
>>>FTC Issues Final Rule Defining What Constitutes a "Commercial Electronic
>>>Mail Message"
>>>
>>> Notice Includes Criteria For Determining the "Primary Purpose" of an
>>> E-Mail Message
>>
>>This has vanishingly little to do with defining what spam is.  They're
>>defining what messages are subject to the CAN SPAM act, which
>>regulates all commercial e-mail, solicited and unsolicited.
>>
>>I don't think much of the rules that CAN SPAM defines, but don't shoot
>>the messenger.  The Congress directed the FTC to regulate some kinds
>>of email, and the FTC is clarifying what mail that is.
> 
> 
> I agree. I've very little faith in the "You can spam all you want" act by 
> congress. It seems to have allowed large spammers to tell ISPs that they 
> are not doing anything illegal because they are CAN-SPAM compliant (which 
> might or might not be true, but verifying takes long time) and if ISPs do 
> threated a disconnect then they begin to use lawyers to keep them up longer.
> 
> Nevertheless that Congress clarified what consititutes a COMMERCIAL EMAIL
> is very important because that directly related to UCE type of spam and
> commercial part is very often what makes a difference if deciding how to
> react to bulk sender on your net.
> 
> ---
> William Leibzon
>    mailto: william@completewhois.com
> Anti-Spam and Email Security Research Worksite:
>    http://www.elan.net/~william/emailsecurity/
> Whois & DNS Network Investigation Tools:
>    http://www.completewhois.com
> -------------- next part --------------
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> 
> _______________________________________________
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> 
> 
> End of Asrg Digest, Vol 8, Issue 14
> ***********************************
> 
> .
> 

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From asrg-bounces@ietf.org  Mon Dec 20 01:55:33 2004
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X-Habeas-SWE-1: winter into spring
X-Habeas-SWE-2: brightly anticipated
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X-Habeas-SWE-4: Copyright 2002 Habeas (tm)
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>
> One possible (and imho very useful) definition of spam is `e-mail 
> belonging ot one of the often-undesirable categories, but without an 
> appropriate label`. The FCC rule may help define these categories, and 
> technical mechanisms, and potentially complementary legal measures, 
> can enforce appropriate labeling. See 
> http://www.cs.biu.ac.il/~herzbea//Papers/ecommerce/Spam.htm for a 
> simple  cryptographic protocol to enforce correct labeling for content 
> selection (filtering).

Proposals in the form of I-Ds (produced using xml2rfc, perhaps) are 
encouraged; please consider providing one.

The original RBL started out as a list of IPs from which to shun ALL 
traffic.  I think it was a mistake (given hindsight) to have switched to 
just shunning email traffic from IPs that were the source of abuse.  As 
we solve the email spam problem, spammers switch to other media (spim, 
wikispam,...) so we should be prepared.


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From asrg-bounces@ietf.org  Mon Dec 20 06:09:47 2004
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Where I think we are...
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Barry Shein wrote:
> 
> The very concept of the internet has been seriously compromised.
> 
> This is why the spammers are effecting a sea change in the operation
> of the internet, ending for example end-to-end services such as being
> able to deliver your own email w/o use of an intermediary "official"
> server (aka port 25 blocking.)
> 


[snip...]
 
> Put another way, it's not the spam which is a problem, it's what makes
> it impossible to stop, short of abandoning fundamental assumptions
> about the medium, which is the problem.
> 
> 


Barry, I think you make a very good point. It may be that the end-to-end
arguments have been over-applied. I know that this is a quasi-religious
matter for some of us, but I don't believe that many accept that "Just
Deliver the Bits" would be an acceptable basis for *application* behaviour
in "today's internet".

We're seeing more decision-making (throttling, DNSBL, content-filtering
etc) deployed in the email infrastructure.
We see an increasing trend to closed mail systems. 
I can't see any possibility of a less hindered end-to-end mail transport
system that doesn't include an end-to-end consent (or permission)
component. This seems to have been side-lined (as a "hard problem"),
leaving us using a less reliable MTS, with which it may be more difficult
to build a consent-component than otherwise.
  
Where do we go from here? Does it matter?






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From: John Levine <asrg@johnlevine.com>
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Organization: I.E.C.C., Trumansburg NY USA
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>> One possible (and imho very useful) definition of spam ...

Please keep in mind that attempts to create a definition of spam are
specifically excluded from the ASRG's area of interest.

Taxonomies of objectionable mail might be interesting, though.

Regards,
John Levine, johnl@taugh.com, Taughannock Networks, Trumansburg NY
http://www.taugh.com

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Subject: RE: [Asrg] SICS
Date: Mon, 20 Dec 2004 10:33:36 -0800
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From: "Paul Lambert" <PaulLambert@AirgoNetworks.Com>
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=20
Just a taxonomy of mail would also be interesting ... many of the
interesting issues with preventing spam result from the many types of
e-mail messages: errors, first time contacts, forwarding, mail lists,
etc.

Paul

> -----Original Message-----
> From: asrg-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:asrg-bounces@ietf.org] On=20
> Behalf Of John Levine
> Sent: Monday, December 20, 2004 10:14 AM
> To: asrg@ietf.org
> Cc: matthew@elvey.com
> Subject: Re: [Asrg] SICS
>=20
> >> One possible (and imho very useful) definition of spam ...
>=20
> Please keep in mind that attempts to create a definition of=20
> spam are specifically excluded from the ASRG's area of interest.
>=20
> Taxonomies of objectionable mail might be interesting, though.
>=20
> Regards,
> John Levine, johnl@taugh.com, Taughannock Networks,=20
> Trumansburg NY http://www.taugh.com
Just a tax
>=20
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg
>=20

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From asrg-bounces@ietf.org  Mon Dec 20 14:08:58 2004
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Barry Shein writes eloquently of our problem:

> Unfortunately, we still don't really have very good or generally
> accepted definitions of the problem we are trying to
> solve. Consequently, there's no good critical framework within which
> to judge whether some proposal makes progress. If you don't know where
> you're going it's hard to tell if you're getting closer.

I have been following this list -- but Barry's message struck a chord.
When I attended a couple of recent anti-spam conferences, and sought out
the lawyers who spoke about legal or legislative solutions, I got the
feeling that they had no effective working definition either.

So, I'll try to define the problem, for purpose of discussion:

    Stop only those messages sent with the intent to escape 
    accountability for their total costs.  -- William Chang

    (John Levine has kindly informed me: "... the charter of the ASRG 
    explicitly excludes attempts to come up with a definition of spam.
    Note that defining the problem is not at all the same thing as 
    defining spam." 12/17/2004)

This statement leaves out "content" -- which is my point.  If the sender
takes responsibility for the message, then there _are_ legal, business,
personal, as well as technical remedies to stop such acts in the future.
If I forwarded an "ad" to a friend ("hey look at this") my message should
get through.  Whereas, a "good", non-commercial message (Peace on Earth!),
if it is sent indiscriminantly or anonymously, needs to be stopped.

Unfortunately, our protocols and infrastructure are inadequate for
enforcing accountability.  In particular, email standards (SMTP, POP3,
etc.) are entrenched and rigid, while applications (including spamming)
evolve at an incredible rate.  The "Inter-Net" has lost its (original)
ability to adapt and to inter-connect disparate networks and protocols.
These are not the only problems (we wish they were), but they are basic.

Disclosure: I am the founder of a company with a novel anti-spam solution,
one that is patent pending.  I am not here to discuss our invention at
this time, but rather to participate in the on-going group discussion,
at a high level.  Privately, I would be happy to discuss my company and
to meet anyone from this list.

William I. Chang, PhD
President, Affini Inc
Saratoga, CA
wchang@affini.com
wchang@affini.net (filtered)


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From: Laird Breyer <laird@lbreyer.com>
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] SICS
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On Dec 20 2004, John Levine wrote:
> 
> Please keep in mind that attempts to create a definition of spam are
> specifically excluded from the ASRG's area of interest.

This is intriguing. While it isn't clear that having a specific
definition of spam is actually useful for blocking it, this policy does
have implications on the solution set.

Would it be accurate to say that ASRG is interested in Z-mail
prevention solutions where Z-mail is a label for some set of messages,
and Z-mail can be taken to be spam? 

If that's the case, then any solution of interest would also apply to
other labeling problems, e.g. ham-prevention. Furthermore, such a
restriction on the solution set would likely exclude some economic
solutions, as these solutions don't usually make sense for
ham-prevention say, and any solution the ASRG would be interested in
would have to work for Z-mail, whatever Z-mail turns out to be.

What am I missing here?

-- 
Laird Breyer.

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From asrg-bounces@ietf.org  Mon Dec 20 21:36:09 2004
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>Would it be accurate to say that ASRG is interested in Z-mail
>prevention solutions where Z-mail is a label for some set of
>messages, and Z-mail can be taken to be spam?

Not really.  That still implies that there's a fixed set of mail
that ASRG is trying to stamp out.  I presume you have looked at
the charter at http://www.irtf.org/charters/asrg.html.

My position is that any anti-spam project has to identify the flavor
of spam that the project is attempting to address, but I don't expect
projects all to address the same thing.

Pluralistically,
John


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From asrg-bounces@ietf.org  Mon Dec 20 23:49:04 2004
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] SICS
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On Tue, Dec 21, 2004 at 10:52:59AM +1000, Laird Breyer wrote

> This is intriguing. While it isn't clear that having a specific
> definition of spam is actually useful for blocking it, this policy does
> have implications on the solution set.
> 
> Would it be accurate to say that ASRG is interested in Z-mail
> prevention solutions where Z-mail is a label for some set of messages,
> and Z-mail can be taken to be spam? 
> 
> If that's the case, then any solution of interest would also apply to
> other labeling problems, e.g. ham-prevention. Furthermore, such a
> restriction on the solution set would likely exclude some economic
> solutions, as these solutions don't usually make sense for
> ham-prevention say, and any solution the ASRG would be interested in
> would have to work for Z-mail, whatever Z-mail turns out to be.
> 
> What am I missing here?

  The thing that you may be missing is that "one size does not fit all".
One man's spam is another man's ham.  My idea of spam is different from
someone else's.  That's why end-user-control of some sort is so
desirable, so that end-users could stop (block/reject/filter/whatever)
the email that *THEY* don't want.  Rather than "blocking spam", the
problem is better stated as "blocking unwanted email".  Each person has
their own set of wants.

  There is another, legal, problem with "blocking spam".  The word
"spam" has a lot of negative baggage and spammers^H^H^H^H^H^H^H^H email
marketers with lawyers will hit back with lawsuits claiming "It's not
spam, it's ooga-booga" (substitute euphemism-du-jour for spam).  A good
parallel is the current spyware controversy, where Claria has sued anti-
spyware program publisherss, claiming to have been libelled/slandered by
being labelled as "spyware" rather than "adware".  Their lawsuit does
not currently affect "adware removal" programs.  A similar potential
problem exists in the spam arena.  Rather than a "spam-blocking" program
labelling something as spam and blocking it, we should have an
"unwanted-email-blocking program".  When the spammer's lawyer screams
"It's not spam, it's ooga-booga.  Stop blocking my client's emails with
your 'spam-blocking' program", we should respond that it's really an
'unwanted-email-blocking-program'.  And that our customer has indicated
that he doesn't want your email.

-- 
Walter Dnes <waltdnes@waltdnes.org>
An infinite number of monkeys pounding away on keyboards will
eventually produce a report showing that Windows is more secure,
and has a lower TCO, than linux.

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From: Laird Breyer <laird@lbreyer.com>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] SICS
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On Dec 21 2004, John Levine wrote:
> >Would it be accurate to say that ASRG is interested in Z-mail
> >prevention solutions where Z-mail is a label for some set of
> >messages, and Z-mail can be taken to be spam?
> 
> Not really.  That still implies that there's a fixed set of mail
> that ASRG is trying to stamp out.  I presume you have looked at
> the charter at http://www.irtf.org/charters/asrg.html.
> 

The charter does emphasise that the ASRG is looking for well
specified problems, and makes it clear that a multitude of
techniques to tackle them is desirable. As such, doesn't that
encourage attempts to define spam?

The original message you responded to suggested a possible
definition, followed by a link to some protocol which takes
that definition as a basis. I guess I don't see what prompted
you to warn against attempting to define spam. Could you explain?  

> My position is that any anti-spam project has to identify the flavor
> of spam that the project is attempting to address, but I don't expect
> projects all to address the same thing.

I agree with that position. Perhaps I read too much into your comment.

-- 
Laird Breyer.

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From: Laird Breyer <laird@lbreyer.com>
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] SICS
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On Dec 20 2004, Walter Dnes wrote:
> On Tue, Dec 21, 2004 at 10:52:59AM +1000, Laird Breyer wrote
> 
> > This is intriguing. While it isn't clear that having a specific
> > definition of spam is actually useful for blocking it, this policy does
> > have implications on the solution set.
> > 
> > Would it be accurate to say that ASRG is interested in Z-mail
> > prevention solutions where Z-mail is a label for some set of messages,
> > and Z-mail can be taken to be spam? 
> > 
> > If that's the case, then any solution of interest would also apply to
> > other labeling problems, e.g. ham-prevention. Furthermore, such a
> > restriction on the solution set would likely exclude some economic
> > solutions, as these solutions don't usually make sense for
> > ham-prevention say, and any solution the ASRG would be interested in
> > would have to work for Z-mail, whatever Z-mail turns out to be.
> > 
> > What am I missing here?
> 
>   The thing that you may be missing is that "one size does not fit all".
> One man's spam is another man's ham.  My idea of spam is different from
> someone else's.  That's why end-user-control of some sort is so
> desirable, so that end-users could stop (block/reject/filter/whatever)
> the email that *THEY* don't want.  Rather than "blocking spam", the
> problem is better stated as "blocking unwanted email".  Each person has
> their own set of wants.

Not necessarily. Some people do not have the luxury of defining spam
as that which they don't want. For example, children whose mail is
monitored, or employees whose mail is filtered centrally.

There are some classes of solutions which don't allow end-user
control.  For example, in proposals where postage or a bond is
required for sending mail, the recipient is only indirectly involved
with the definition of spam. Instead, such a user can indicate a price
for accepting mail, but if the sender is rich or at least has access
to some other source of funding, then the recipient must accept the
spam together with some form of compensation. 

-- 
Laird Breyer.

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Subject: Re: [Asrg] SICS
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At 3:15 PM +1000 12/21/04, Laird Breyer wrote:
>On Dec 21 2004, John Levine wrote:
>>  >Would it be accurate to say that ASRG is interested in Z-mail
>>  >prevention solutions where Z-mail is a label for some set of
>>  >messages, and Z-mail can be taken to be spam?
>>
>>  Not really.  That still implies that there's a fixed set of mail
>>  that ASRG is trying to stamp out.  I presume you have looked at
>>  the charter at http://www.irtf.org/charters/asrg.html.
>>
>
>The charter does emphasise that the ASRG is looking for well
>specified problems, and makes it clear that a multitude of
>techniques to tackle them is desirable. As such, doesn't that
>encourage attempts to define spam?

Probably, which is why it needs to be expressly excluded.

This is a relatively young forum for discussions about spam. One 
lesson from other places is that there is no point in defining what 
is or is not spam because even if there were to be an agreement of 
some sort to settle on some useful definition, there will be some 
people who want to shun other sorts of mail or some people who think 
some subset of spam should not be shunned or both.  If one defines 
'spam' in some way that is technically discernable with any sort of 
useful reliability, so much unsolicited bulk email will be excluded 
that practically no one will take that definition seriously. In the 
end, debates over what is or is not spam always devolve into 
scholastic hair-splitting over things like the nature of permission 
and the meaning of 'bulk' or 'broadcast' and so on.

It seems less hopeless to approach the issue of controlling spam in 
the same sort of ways that have already proven effective in the 
field, and attack subsets of spam that lend themselves to 
programmatic detection, in order to narrow the ranges of behavior 
that are useful for spammers. A great example is intentional 
selective slowing of mail, either by extended response delays in SMTP 
or explicit 4xx errors for a 'first try' of a particular piece of 
mail. Such tactics do not impede things like the Verisign spam I got 
last week, because Verisign hires a class of spammer that tries to 
operate above-ground and with some attention to the norms of SMTP and 
have their own facilities for sending mail. It DOES impede the 
Goodyear and Kraft spam, because those fine upstanding companies 
contract with spammers who act as if SMTP runs on a one-way channel. 
Simply requiring all SMTP clients to implement certain bits of SMTP 
sanely stops a lot of spam, but it doesn't stop all spam and once in 
a while it stops mail which no one would call spam. It is absurd to 
define spam as mail which is identified by some set of technical 
tricks, but existing practice makes it pretty clear that one can do a 
fairly effective and precise job of controlling spam by selecting the 
right set of technical tricks.



-- 
Bill Cole
bill@scconsult.com


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The idea of complete end-user control is a utopian ideal which died a
few years ago when spammers' zombie bots began hitting ISPs by the
thousands simultaneously.

At this point there are only two choices, either block at the ingress
(e.g., blocking network blocks and similar), or begin charging around
$1000/month for e-mail accounts to pay for the bandwidth and hardware
necessary to keep up with the unfettered flow (essentially, a
dedicated server with a dedicated T1 per mailbox.)

Anyone who says otherwise, notably EFF, is just ignorant.

-- 
        -Barry Shein

Software Tool & Die    | bzs@TheWorld.com           | http://www.TheWorld.com
Purveyors to the Trade | Voice: 617-739-0202        | Login: 617-739-WRLD
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From: Seth Breidbart <sethb@panix.com>
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] SICS
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Barry Shein <bzs@world.std.com> wrote:

> The idea of complete end-user control is a utopian ideal which died
> a few years ago when spammers' zombie bots began hitting ISPs by the
> thousands simultaneously.
>
> At this point there are only two choices, either block at the
> ingress (e.g., blocking network blocks and similar), or begin
> charging around $1000/month for e-mail accounts to pay for the
> bandwidth and hardware necessary to keep up with the unfettered flow
> (essentially, a dedicated server with a dedicated T1 per mailbox.)
>
> Anyone who says otherwise, notably EFF, is just ignorant.

What about counterexamples, such as Panix?

Seth

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From: Laird Breyer <laird@lbreyer.com>
To: ASRG list <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] SICS
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On Dec 21 2004, Barry Shein wrote:
>
> At this point there are only two choices, either block at the ingress
> (e.g., blocking network blocks and similar), or begin charging around
> $1000/month for e-mail accounts to pay for the bandwidth and hardware
> necessary to keep up with the unfettered flow (essentially, a
> dedicated server with a dedicated T1 per mailbox.)
> 

Since you're an ISP, could you indicate roughly the numbers you are
talking about (per user if you like)?  How many inbound raw mails per
day? How much total mail data (megabytes) per day? How much total
traffic of all types per day? 

I don't know if the list already has discussed those kinds of numbers, 
but I'd like to get an idea of the current order of magnitude of the
problem, from the provider's POV. If others have numbers to share for
ISPs, let's hear them too.

-- 
Laird Breyer.

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From: "william(at)elan.net" <william@elan.net>
To: Barry Shein <bzs@world.std.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] SICS
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It should be ISP's responsibility to help other ISPs and as such most 
appropriate way to deal with zombies is for ISPs to indicate which of
their ip blocks are used by broadband end-users and which are real mail
servers. If majority of ISPs did that, that would effectively cut the
zombie spam only to be within ISP's own network, which I'm sure they'd
deal with a lot more promptly (and if they don't its really their
problem and their users who have to suffer but nobody elses).

On Tue, 21 Dec 2004, Barry Shein wrote:

> The idea of complete end-user control is a utopian ideal which died a
> few years ago when spammers' zombie bots began hitting ISPs by the
> thousands simultaneously.
> 
> At this point there are only two choices, either block at the ingress
> (e.g., blocking network blocks and similar), or begin charging around
> $1000/month for e-mail accounts to pay for the bandwidth and hardware
> necessary to keep up with the unfettered flow (essentially, a
> dedicated server with a dedicated T1 per mailbox.)
> 
> Anyone who says otherwise, notably EFF, is just ignorant.
> 
> 

-- 
William Leibzon
Elan Networks
william@elan.net



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From asrg-bounces@ietf.org  Tue Dec 21 19:42:52 2004
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From: Barry Shein <bzs@world.std.com>
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To: "william(at)elan.net" <william@elan.net>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] SICS
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So what you're saying is that anyone with a broadband connection
should be prevented from delivering email directly.

I don't disagree, in the current milieu, but I'm sure there are some
who would disagree.

On December 21, 2004 at 15:51 william@elan.net (william(at)elan.net) wrote:
 > 
 > It should be ISP's responsibility to help other ISPs and as such most 
 > appropriate way to deal with zombies is for ISPs to indicate which of
 > their ip blocks are used by broadband end-users and which are real mail
 > servers. If majority of ISPs did that, that would effectively cut the
 > zombie spam only to be within ISP's own network, which I'm sure they'd
 > deal with a lot more promptly (and if they don't its really their
 > problem and their users who have to suffer but nobody elses).
 > 
 > On Tue, 21 Dec 2004, Barry Shein wrote:
 > 
 > > The idea of complete end-user control is a utopian ideal which died a
 > > few years ago when spammers' zombie bots began hitting ISPs by the
 > > thousands simultaneously.
 > > 
 > > At this point there are only two choices, either block at the ingress
 > > (e.g., blocking network blocks and similar), or begin charging around
 > > $1000/month for e-mail accounts to pay for the bandwidth and hardware
 > > necessary to keep up with the unfettered flow (essentially, a
 > > dedicated server with a dedicated T1 per mailbox.)
 > > 
 > > Anyone who says otherwise, notably EFF, is just ignorant.
 > > 
 > > 
 > 
 > -- 
 > William Leibzon
 > Elan Networks
 > william@elan.net
 > 

-- 
        -Barry Shein

Software Tool & Die    | bzs@TheWorld.com           | http://www.TheWorld.com
Purveyors to the Trade | Voice: 617-739-0202        | Login: 617-739-WRLD
The World              | Public Access Internet     | Since 1989     *oo*

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From asrg-bounces@ietf.org  Tue Dec 21 19:50:27 2004
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From: "Hannigan, Martin" <hannigan@verisign.com>
To: ASRG list <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] SICS
Date: Tue, 21 Dec 2004 19:37:15 -0500
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The ISP's cooperate. Going after the zombies is, for the
most part, an ineffective approach to the situation. Search
and destroy of the controllers is more effective i.e.
1 controller = 100K downed bots. (example)

There's a ton of work going on behind the scenes.

-M<

--
Martin Hannigan                         (c) 617-388-2663
VeriSign, Inc.                          (w) 703-948-7018
Network Engineer IV                       Operations & Infrastructure
hannigan@verisign.com



> -----Original Message-----
> From: asrg-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:asrg-bounces@ietf.org]On Behalf Of
> william(at)elan.net
> Sent: Tuesday, December 21, 2004 6:52 PM
> To: Barry Shein
> Cc: ASRG list
> Subject: Re: [Asrg] SICS
> 
> 
> 
> It should be ISP's responsibility to help other ISPs and as such most 
> appropriate way to deal with zombies is for ISPs to indicate which of
> their ip blocks are used by broadband end-users and which are 
> real mail
> servers. If majority of ISPs did that, that would effectively cut the
> zombie spam only to be within ISP's own network, which I'm sure they'd
> deal with a lot more promptly (and if they don't its really their
> problem and their users who have to suffer but nobody elses).
> 
> On Tue, 21 Dec 2004, Barry Shein wrote:
> 
> > The idea of complete end-user control is a utopian ideal 
> which died a
> > few years ago when spammers' zombie bots began hitting ISPs by the
> > thousands simultaneously.
> > 
> > At this point there are only two choices, either block at 
> the ingress
> > (e.g., blocking network blocks and similar), or begin 
> charging around
> > $1000/month for e-mail accounts to pay for the bandwidth 
> and hardware
> > necessary to keep up with the unfettered flow (essentially, a
> > dedicated server with a dedicated T1 per mailbox.)
> > 
> > Anyone who says otherwise, notably EFF, is just ignorant.
> > 
> > 
> 
> -- 
> William Leibzon
> Elan Networks
> william@elan.net
> 
> 
> 
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg
> 

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From asrg-bounces@ietf.org  Tue Dec 21 19:51:54 2004
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From: Devdas Bhagat <devdas@dvb.homelinux.org>
To: ASRG list <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] SICS
Message-ID: <20041222060234.A6488@evita.devdas.geek>
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On 22/12/04 09:36 +1000, Laird Breyer wrote:
> On Dec 21 2004, Barry Shein wrote:
> >
> > At this point there are only two choices, either block at the ingress
> > (e.g., blocking network blocks and similar), or begin charging around
> > $1000/month for e-mail accounts to pay for the bandwidth and hardware
> > necessary to keep up with the unfettered flow (essentially, a
> > dedicated server with a dedicated T1 per mailbox.)
> > 
> 
> Since you're an ISP, could you indicate roughly the numbers you are
> talking about (per user if you like)?  How many inbound raw mails per
> day? How much total mail data (megabytes) per day? How much total
> traffic of all types per day? 
> 
> I don't know if the list already has discussed those kinds of numbers, 
> but I'd like to get an idea of the current order of magnitude of the
> problem, from the provider's POV. If others have numbers to share for
> ISPs, let's hear them too.

August numbers for work:
http://nixcartel.org/~devdas/minute.png

I'll try and get the new numbers out and displayed on the official
website.

Devdas Bhagat

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From asrg-bounces@ietf.org  Tue Dec 21 20:02:27 2004
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From: "william(at)elan.net" <william@elan.net>
To: Barry Shein <bzs@world.std.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] SICS
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On Tue, 21 Dec 2004, Barry Shein wrote:

> So what you're saying is that anyone with a broadband connection
> should be prevented from delivering email directly.
> 
> I don't disagree, in the current milieu, but I'm sure there are some
> who would disagree.

Everyone who has not agree to be responsible for consequences equvalent to 
having user run its own mail server. I take it that those users with windows
who ended up with zombied machines don't have a clue about this and I
certainly don't want them anywhere near my mail system. A responsible 
tech user with his own linux box is another matter entirely but I believe 
those users can make arrangement with their ISPs to get static ip and have 
that ip included as valid smtp transmission initiating entity.
 
> On December 21, 2004 at 15:51 william@elan.net (william(at)elan.net) wrote:
>  > 
>  > It should be ISP's responsibility to help other ISPs and as such most 
>  > appropriate way to deal with zombies is for ISPs to indicate which of
>  > their ip blocks are used by broadband end-users and which are real mail
>  > servers. If majority of ISPs did that, that would effectively cut the
>  > zombie spam only to be within ISP's own network, which I'm sure they'd
>  > deal with a lot more promptly (and if they don't its really their
>  > problem and their users who have to suffer but nobody elses).
>  > 
>  > On Tue, 21 Dec 2004, Barry Shein wrote:
>  > 
>  > > The idea of complete end-user control is a utopian ideal which died a
>  > > few years ago when spammers' zombie bots began hitting ISPs by the
>  > > thousands simultaneously.
>  > > 
>  > > At this point there are only two choices, either block at the ingress
>  > > (e.g., blocking network blocks and similar), or begin charging around
>  > > $1000/month for e-mail accounts to pay for the bandwidth and hardware
>  > > necessary to keep up with the unfettered flow (essentially, a
>  > > dedicated server with a dedicated T1 per mailbox.)
>  > > 
>  > > Anyone who says otherwise, notably EFF, is just ignorant.
>  > -- 
>  > William Leibzon
>  > Elan Networks
>  > william@elan.net
-- 
William Leibzon
Elan Networks
william@elan.net


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From asrg-bounces@ietf.org  Tue Dec 21 20:08:51 2004
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] SICS
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Barry Shein <bzs@world.std.com> top-posted:

> So what you're saying is that anyone with a broadband connection
> should be prevented from delivering email directly.

Actually, he wrote that ISPs should indicate which IP addresses are in
use by customers, and which by mailservers.  It's up to anybody else
to use that information as they choose; it isn't a Port 25 block.

> I don't disagree, in the current milieu, but I'm sure there are some
> who would disagree.

Many disagree with blocking Port 25.  I haven't seen anyone disagree
with the providing of accurate information.

Seth

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From asrg-bounces@ietf.org  Tue Dec 21 20:16:25 2004
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From: "william(at)elan.net" <william@elan.net>
To: "Hannigan, Martin" <hannigan@verisign.com>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] SICS
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On Tue, 21 Dec 2004, Hannigan, Martin wrote:
> 
> The ISP's cooperate. Going after the zombies is, for the
> most part, an ineffective approach to the situation.

I'm not talking about reactive approach - I'm talking about prevention of 
this in the first place. All that is necessary is that ISPs agree to share
in a standard way a list of host they believe to be responsible enough to
freely participate in SMTP transactions on their own. This cuts down list 
of possible zombie targets to very few machines run by users who are 
already likely to have security mechanism that prevents their system from
being taken over.

> Search and destroy of the controllers is more effective i.e.
> 1 controller = 100K downed bots. (example)
> There's a ton of work going on behind the scenes.

It is certainly good that this is going on, I've been involved in couple 
of these "search and destroy" missions myself. But this is all work after
the fact when we should be trying to research ways to prevent the occurance
of the problem in the first place. In other words, would you prefer to 
face possiblity of being sick with a smallpox rather then the world 
having choosen to immunize everyone against it some time ago which 
effectively got rid of the problem? 

-- 
William Leibzon
Elan Networks
william@elan.net


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From asrg-bounces@ietf.org  Tue Dec 21 20:23:56 2004
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To: "Hannigan, Martin" <hannigan@verisign.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] SICS 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Tue, 21 Dec 2004 19:37:15 EST."
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> Search and destroy of the controllers is more effective
> i.e.  1 controller = 100K downed bots. (example)

But ... the acquisition cost or re-acquisition cost or rendezvous cost
is zero, and the controller may simply be the current lease holder ...

There are assets that have different temporal properties than the set
of write-side nodes, which frankly, appear to twinkle.

BTW, my research interest is in spam/http (e.g., comment spam on blogs),
not spam/smtp, and in my problem space the write-side is as intractible,
address list, content signature, authentication exchanges, and so on,
so my interest is on the read-side.

Milage varies, but this is research, so I've no idea what I'm doing.

Eric

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Subject: Re: [Asrg] SICS 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Tue, 21 Dec 2004 17:38:25 PST."
	<Pine.LNX.4.44.0412211721480.20170-100000@sokol.elan.net> 
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> ...
> the fact when we should be trying to research ways to prevent the occurance
> of the problem in the first place. In other words, would you prefer to 
> face possiblity of being sick with a smallpox rather then the world 
> having choosen to immunize everyone against it some time ago which 
> effectively got rid of the problem? 

Variola was effectively quarentened until about 1521. It wasn't an issue
in the New World population until infected immigration populations were
introduced from the Old World.


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From: "Hannigan, Martin" <hannigan@verisign.com>
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Subject: RE: [Asrg] SICS
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> -----Original Message-----
> From: william(at)elan.net [mailto:william@elan.net]
> Sent: Tuesday, December 21, 2004 8:38 PM
> To: Hannigan, Martin
> Cc: ASRG list
> Subject: RE: [Asrg] SICS
> 
> 
> 
> On Tue, 21 Dec 2004, Hannigan, Martin wrote:
> > 
> > The ISP's cooperate. Going after the zombies is, for the
> > most part, an ineffective approach to the situation.
> 
> I'm not talking about reactive approach - I'm talking about 
> prevention of 
> this in the first place. All that is necessary is that ISPs 
> agree to share
> in a standard way a list of host they believe to be 
> responsible enough to
> freely participate in SMTP transactions on their own. This 
> cuts down list 
> of possible zombie targets to very few machines run by users who are 
> already likely to have security mechanism that prevents their 
> system from
> being taken over.

It'll never happen. What's happening here is that email is
becoming over complicated and the operational expense is increasing
as a result - without (m)any results.

> 
> > Search and destroy of the controllers is more effective i.e.
> > 1 controller = 100K downed bots. (example)
> > There's a ton of work going on behind the scenes.
> 
> It is certainly good that this is going on, I've been 
> involved in couple 
> of these "search and destroy" missions myself. But this is 
> all work after
> the fact when we should be trying to research ways to prevent 
> the occurance

There is work being done on prevention. How about if MS could
bundle AV into the operating system (free)?

> of the problem in the first place. In other words, would you 
> prefer to 
> face possiblity of being sick with a smallpox rather then the world 
> having choosen to immunize everyone against it some time ago which 
> effectively got rid of the problem? 

Great analogies, but we're talking about bits and nobody cares
about the plague anymore. If you shift the focus onto operational
expense, capital expense, revenue, etc..it might make more sense.

Trying to at least add some on-topic (about spam), the botnets
technically do NOT spam. They sell their zombies and the spammer
usually spams from a host located right here in the USA. The headers
are rewritten so that host is hidden, but it's there. Florida seems
to be the big place to hide-spam from lately.

The solution has to go up high in the network, near the
NSP's. At the exchanges. I have no idea what that solution is.

Best,

-M<


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From asrg-bounces@ietf.org  Tue Dec 21 21:24:37 2004
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I don't know since we block so much at the ingress, such as vast
swaths of broadband pools which have been a problem, etc.

It's difficult to measure what you block.

I will say that another huge part of the problem is the stuff no one
ever sees which is the bazillions of user unknowns as the spammers use
various dictionary type attacks. There's far more user unknown
attempted deliveries than other deliveries.

So, even if you knew what went (or would go) into peoples' mailboxes,
opening the floodgates (AKA accepting EFF's point of view) would also
necessitate sifting through all that spew, increasing costs
significantly.

Someone would have to pay for that also, and removing those blocks is
the only way to allow what's called "end-user control" since you don't
know it's for a non-existant user until you let them begin delivery.


On December 22, 2004 at 09:36 laird@lbreyer.com (Laird Breyer) wrote:
 > On Dec 21 2004, Barry Shein wrote:
 > >
 > > At this point there are only two choices, either block at the ingress
 > > (e.g., blocking network blocks and similar), or begin charging around
 > > $1000/month for e-mail accounts to pay for the bandwidth and hardware
 > > necessary to keep up with the unfettered flow (essentially, a
 > > dedicated server with a dedicated T1 per mailbox.)
 > > 
 > 
 > Since you're an ISP, could you indicate roughly the numbers you are
 > talking about (per user if you like)?  How many inbound raw mails per
 > day? How much total mail data (megabytes) per day? How much total
 > traffic of all types per day? 
 > 
 > I don't know if the list already has discussed those kinds of numbers, 
 > but I'd like to get an idea of the current order of magnitude of the
 > problem, from the provider's POV. If others have numbers to share for
 > ISPs, let's hear them too.
 > 
 > -- 
 > Laird Breyer.
 > 
 > _______________________________________________
 > Asrg mailing list
 > Asrg@ietf.org
 > https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg

-- 
        -Barry Shein

Software Tool & Die    | bzs@TheWorld.com           | http://www.TheWorld.com
Purveyors to the Trade | Voice: 617-739-0202        | Login: 617-739-WRLD
The World              | Public Access Internet     | Since 1989     *oo*

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I have no idea what panix does.

On December 21, 2004 at 18:21 sethb@panix.com (Seth Breidbart) wrote:
 > Barry Shein <bzs@world.std.com> wrote:
 > 
 > > The idea of complete end-user control is a utopian ideal which died
 > > a few years ago when spammers' zombie bots began hitting ISPs by the
 > > thousands simultaneously.
 > >
 > > At this point there are only two choices, either block at the
 > > ingress (e.g., blocking network blocks and similar), or begin
 > > charging around $1000/month for e-mail accounts to pay for the
 > > bandwidth and hardware necessary to keep up with the unfettered flow
 > > (essentially, a dedicated server with a dedicated T1 per mailbox.)
 > >
 > > Anyone who says otherwise, notably EFF, is just ignorant.
 > 
 > What about counterexamples, such as Panix?
 > 
 > Seth
 > 
 > _______________________________________________
 > Asrg mailing list
 > Asrg@ietf.org
 > https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg

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Subject: Re: [Asrg] SICS
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Barry Shein <bzs@world.std.com> top-posted:

> I have no idea what panix does.

In response to your claim that ISPs have to either do ingress blocking
or charge $1000/month, I offered panix as a counterexample.  Ingress
blocking is a user option.  Everything past it is, too; stuff is made
available to make things like spamassassin easy to configure, but it's
all up to the user to decide what to do.  Email accounts, with shell,
Usenet, etc. cost $100/year, two orders of magnitude below your claim.

Seth

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"Hannigan, Martin" <hannigan@verisign.com> wrote:

> There is work being done on prevention. How about if MS could
> bundle AV into the operating system (free)?

Why would you trust them to get it right?  If they could, it wouldn't
be necessary in the first place.

Seth

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To: Seth Breidbart <sethb@panix.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] SICS
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On December 21, 2004 at 20:05 sethb@panix.com (Seth Breidbart) wrote:
 > Barry Shein <bzs@world.std.com> top-posted:
 > 
 > > So what you're saying is that anyone with a broadband connection
 > > should be prevented from delivering email directly.
 > 
 > Actually, he wrote that ISPs should indicate which IP addresses are in
 > use by customers, and which by mailservers.  It's up to anybody else
 > to use that information as they choose; it isn't a Port 25 block.

You're just detailing that distinction to us because you think it
makes you look intelligent? I don't understand why you bother.

 > > I don't disagree, in the current milieu, but I'm sure there are some
 > > who would disagree.
 > 
 > Many disagree with blocking Port 25.  I haven't seen anyone disagree
 > with the providing of accurate information.

Are you trying to be helpful, or do you just like to type?


-- 
        -Barry Shein

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To: "william(at)elan.net" <william@elan.net>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] SICS
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Yes, but the very assumption that anyone would "take down" a zombie PC
(block, disable, whatever) belies the "end-user control" notion of
spam.

For all I know there's someone out there who wants that zombie to spew
at them, maybe they're doing research or something. And, by EFF's
recommendations, it would be morally repugnant for an ISP to thus
interfere.

So although it might be a slightly different case, it's the same exact
issue.

You just think no one is crazy enough to defend zombie PCs, and I'd
like to think you're correct. But as far as I can tell EFF is that
crazy.

And if that's not what they're trying to say in that white paper then
they should disabuse it and admit that under current conditions the
distinction they make is at best purely academic (i.e., there may
exist at least one instance which fits their profile, but whether it's
representative or even definable remains an open question), and at
worst purely idiotic.


On December 21, 2004 at 17:38 william@elan.net (william(at)elan.net) wrote:
 > 
 > On Tue, 21 Dec 2004, Hannigan, Martin wrote:
 > > 
 > > The ISP's cooperate. Going after the zombies is, for the
 > > most part, an ineffective approach to the situation.
 > 
 > I'm not talking about reactive approach - I'm talking about prevention of 
 > this in the first place. All that is necessary is that ISPs agree to share
 > in a standard way a list of host they believe to be responsible enough to
 > freely participate in SMTP transactions on their own. This cuts down list 
 > of possible zombie targets to very few machines run by users who are 
 > already likely to have security mechanism that prevents their system from
 > being taken over.
 > 
 > > Search and destroy of the controllers is more effective i.e.
 > > 1 controller = 100K downed bots. (example)
 > > There's a ton of work going on behind the scenes.
 > 
 > It is certainly good that this is going on, I've been involved in couple 
 > of these "search and destroy" missions myself. But this is all work after
 > the fact when we should be trying to research ways to prevent the occurance
 > of the problem in the first place. In other words, would you prefer to 
 > face possiblity of being sick with a smallpox rather then the world 
 > having choosen to immunize everyone against it some time ago which 
 > effectively got rid of the problem? 
 > 
 > -- 
 > William Leibzon
 > Elan Networks
 > william@elan.net
 > 
 > 
 > _______________________________________________
 > Asrg mailing list
 > Asrg@ietf.org
 > https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg

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Subject: Re: [Asrg] SICS
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So you're saying panix doesn't block any, e.g., broadband IP pools or
similar, at a system level?

Do you work at panix or otherwise have authoritative info on this? I'm
not asking that to be baiting, but oftentimes it's not the most public
information.

On December 21, 2004 at 21:09 sethb@panix.com (Seth Breidbart) wrote:
 > Barry Shein <bzs@world.std.com> top-posted:
 > 
 > > I have no idea what panix does.
 > 
 > In response to your claim that ISPs have to either do ingress blocking
 > or charge $1000/month, I offered panix as a counterexample.  Ingress
 > blocking is a user option.  Everything past it is, too; stuff is made
 > available to make things like spamassassin easy to configure, but it's
 > all up to the user to decide what to do.  Email accounts, with shell,
 > Usenet, etc. cost $100/year, two orders of magnitude below your claim.
 > 
 > Seth

-- 
        -Barry Shein

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From: "Hannigan, Martin" <hannigan@verisign.com>
To: ASRG list <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] SICS
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Anyone tried this on the cable swamp?



--
Martin Hannigan                         (c) 617-388-2663
VeriSign, Inc.                          (w) 703-948-7018
Network Engineer IV                       Operations & Infrastructure
hannigan@verisign.com



> -----Original Message-----
> From: asrg-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:asrg-bounces@ietf.org]On Behalf Of
> Barry Shein
> Sent: Tuesday, December 21, 2004 8:59 PM
> To: laird@lbreyer.com
> Cc: ASRG list
> Subject: Re: [Asrg] SICS
> 
> 
> 
> I don't know since we block so much at the ingress, such as vast
> swaths of broadband pools which have been a problem, etc.
> 
> It's difficult to measure what you block.
> 
> I will say that another huge part of the problem is the stuff no one
> ever sees which is the bazillions of user unknowns as the spammers use
> various dictionary type attacks. There's far more user unknown
> attempted deliveries than other deliveries.
> 
> So, even if you knew what went (or would go) into peoples' mailboxes,
> opening the floodgates (AKA accepting EFF's point of view) would also
> necessitate sifting through all that spew, increasing costs
> significantly.
> 
> Someone would have to pay for that also, and removing those blocks is
> the only way to allow what's called "end-user control" since you don't
> know it's for a non-existant user until you let them begin delivery.
> 
> 
> On December 22, 2004 at 09:36 laird@lbreyer.com (Laird Breyer) wrote:
>  > On Dec 21 2004, Barry Shein wrote:
>  > >
>  > > At this point there are only two choices, either block 
> at the ingress
>  > > (e.g., blocking network blocks and similar), or begin 
> charging around
>  > > $1000/month for e-mail accounts to pay for the bandwidth 
> and hardware
>  > > necessary to keep up with the unfettered flow (essentially, a
>  > > dedicated server with a dedicated T1 per mailbox.)
>  > > 
>  > 
>  > Since you're an ISP, could you indicate roughly the numbers you are
>  > talking about (per user if you like)?  How many inbound 
> raw mails per
>  > day? How much total mail data (megabytes) per day? How much total
>  > traffic of all types per day? 
>  > 
>  > I don't know if the list already has discussed those kinds 
> of numbers, 
>  > but I'd like to get an idea of the current order of 
> magnitude of the
>  > problem, from the provider's POV. If others have numbers 
> to share for
>  > ISPs, let's hear them too.
>  > 
>  > -- 
>  > Laird Breyer.
>  > 
>  > _______________________________________________
>  > Asrg mailing list
>  > Asrg@ietf.org
>  > https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg
> 
> -- 
>         -Barry Shein
> 
> Software Tool & Die    | bzs@TheWorld.com           | 
http://www.TheWorld.com
Purveyors to the Trade | Voice: 617-739-0202        | Login: 617-739-WRLD
The World              | Public Access Internet     | Since 1989     *oo*

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From asrg-bounces@ietf.org  Tue Dec 21 21:48:45 2004
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> This is a relatively young forum for discussions about spam. One 
lesson from other places is that there is no point in defining what 
is or is not spam because even if there were to be an agreement of 
some sort to settle on some useful definition, there will be some 
people who want to shun other sorts of mail or some people who think 
some subset of spam should not be shunned or both.  If one defines 
'spam' in some way that is technically discernable with any sort of 
useful reliability, so much unsolicited bulk email will be excluded 
that practically no one will take that definition seriously. In the 
end, debates over what is or is not spam always devolve into 
scholastic hair-splitting over things like the nature of permission 
and the meaning of 'bulk' or 'broadcast' and so on.

Of course, as far as the recipient, THEIR decision about what is spam and what 
isn't, and what they want to receive and what they don't, is the ONLY opinion 
which matters in the final analysis.

This is yet another reason why a fine-grained permissions-based approach, where 
the *recipient* can decide what E-mails they do and do not want to receive 
(based on who the sender is, and what the mail contains) is so decidedly the 
right way to pursue this problem.  Especially with threats of attorneys et al, 
there is NO feasible way for a spammer to try to sue a recipient who has chosen 
to refuse to accept, or read, the mail a spammer has tried to jam into the 
recipient's mailbox.  [This does NOT apply to mail that has been 'filtered' by 
some upstream authority, an ISP perhaps, based on their OWN arbitrary rules.]


Gordon Peterson                  http://personal.terabites.com/
1977-2002  Twenty-fifth anniversary year of Local Area Networking!
Support free and fair US elections!  http://stickers.defend-democracy.org
12/19/98: Partisan Republicans scornfully ignore the voters they "represent".
12/09/00: the date the Republican Party took down democracy in America.



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To: Barry Shein <bzs@world.std.com>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] SICS
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On Tue, 21 Dec 2004, Barry Shein wrote:

> Yes, but the very assumption that anyone would "take down" a zombie PC
> (block, disable, whatever) belies the "end-user control" notion of
> spam.
> 
> For all I know there's someone out there who wants that zombie to spew
> at them, maybe they're doing research or something. And, by EFF's
> recommendations, it would be morally repugnant for an ISP to thus
> interfere.

Who interfered? If somebody wants to accept spam from zombie pc - they can
go ahead (ok, they may have to tell their ISP that they want to do it or
may have to run their own mail server with different set of policies).
 
> So although it might be a slightly different case, it's the same exact
> issue.
> 
> You just think no one is crazy enough to defend zombie PCs, and I'd
> like to think you're correct. But as far as I can tell EFF is that
> crazy.

Well since they "that crazy" to hold a view it as that anybody has the 
right to send then any kind forged and spoofed of email and its their
responsibility to (re)view every one of those emails manually to determine 
if its something they wanted to receive, perhaps we need to run a small 
test campaign of their convictions - how about all the spamtraps instead 
of sending zombie spam to /dev/null instead start forwarding and [re]forged
those email to EFF! :) So anybody knows list of their officers who are good
audience to read about what email traffic originates from zombied machines?

Perhaps even a screensaver could be created to help in this process ... :)
 
-- 
William Leibzon
Elan Networks
william@elan.net


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From: "Hannigan, Martin" <hannigan@verisign.com>
To: "'sethb@panix.com'" <sethb@panix.com>, "'asrg@ietf.org'" <asrg@ietf.org>
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If we could make SPAM mitigation as easy as they've made windows........

Making SPAM mitigation harder works against the resolution. As long as
someone will click on f r. E e. V. I. A. G. A. R. A. , there will be SPAM. 

We're not the target audience anymore. 

They[1] are. We are their stewards and everytime we force the user to take
some additional step, we do them a dis service since they can't remember
what SPAM free is like many of us can.

1. People who want to be end users, not engineers - most people.

-M



---
Martin Hannigan
hannigan@verisign.com
Verisign, Inc.


-----Original Message-----
From: asrg-bounces@ietf.org <asrg-bounces@ietf.org>
To: asrg@ietf.org <asrg@ietf.org>
Sent: Tue Dec 21 18:10:57 2004
Subject: Re: [Asrg] SICS

"Hannigan, Martin" <hannigan@verisign.com> wrote:

> There is work being done on prevention. How about if MS could
> bundle AV into the operating system (free)?

Why would you trust them to get it right?  If they could, it wouldn't
be necessary in the first place.

Seth

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>This is yet another reason why a fine-grained permissions-based
>approach, where the *recipient* can decide what E-mails they do and
>do not want to receive (based on who the sender is, and what the mail
>contains) is so decidedly the right way to pursue this problem.

So long as you are willing to spend an unlimited amount of money on an
e-mail infrastructure that accepts and stores terabytes of spam,
almost all of which will be discarded unread, and a fabuously complex
spam filter control panel that almost nobody will use, I suppose I
agree.  If you want to continue getting mail for $20/mo forget it.

ISPs tell me that when they have crummy filters that leak a lot of
spam, people are constantly asking to be able to tune the filters.
When they have good filters that work, nobody asks for options.  A
large cable ISP said it was dramatic how the calls just stopped when
they switched from an old filter to a new one.


>  Especially with threats of attorneys et al, 

Could you be specific what threats of attorneys you're referring to?
If you're in the United States, please consider them in relation to 47
USC 230 and section 8(c) of CAN SPAM.

Regards,
John Levine, johnl@taugh.com, Taughannock Networks, Trumansburg NY
http://www.taugh.com

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From asrg-bounces@ietf.org  Tue Dec 21 22:42:40 2004
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] zombies, filters, user options
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>You just think no one is crazy enough to defend zombie PCs, and I'd
>like to think you're correct. But as far as I can tell EFF is that
>crazy.

I had lunch with the EFF rep who spoke at the FTC authentication
conference about a month ago.  She told me that she hand sorts 2000
spams a day from her mailbox.  Apparently she thinks this is a
productive use of her time.  Go figure.

Regards,
John Levine, johnl@taugh.com, Taughannock Networks, Trumansburg NY
http://www.taugh.com



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Date: Wed, 22 Dec 2004 14:09:40 +1000
From: Laird Breyer <laird@lbreyer.com>
To: ASRG list <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] SICS
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On Dec 21 2004, Barry Shein wrote:

> It's difficult to measure what you block.

I think it's enough to discuss actual messages accepted for delivery or
filtering by the SMTP servers. See below.

> 
> I will say that another huge part of the problem is the stuff no one
> ever sees which is the bazillions of user unknowns as the spammers use
> various dictionary type attacks. There's far more user unknown
> attempted deliveries than other deliveries.
> 

The dictionary attacks use up incoming bandwidth, and processing or
storage.

Without knowing the numbers, it's hard to know if the bandwidth used
is a large fraction of incoming capacity, but I doubt it. 

However, the processing involved is in principle fully scalable.
There's only the need to exchange a request which can be denied by the
SMTP server for nonexistent users. So the full email is only
transmitted if the mail is accepted.

Figuring out whether a recipient address represents a real user is a
fast operation in principle, ie no matter how many valid user
addresses, a yes/no needs O(1) operations with the right algorithms.

So from a scalability POV, I'd expect the costs of spam to be mainly
proportional to those messages which are sent to a valid user.

> So, even if you knew what went (or would go) into peoples' mailboxes,
> opening the floodgates (AKA accepting EFF's point of view) would also
> necessitate sifting through all that spew, increasing costs
> significantly.

Interestingly, Google started this fad of offering 1 gigabyte
mailboxes. I don't know if they crunched the numbers and figured it's
economically worthwhile, or whether they just have IPO money to burn.

-- 
Laird Breyer.

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On Tue, Dec 21, 2004 at 03:37:54PM +1000, Laird Breyer wrote

> Not necessarily. Some people do not have the luxury of defining spam
> as that which they don't want. For example, children whose mail is
> monitored, or employees whose mail is filtered centrally.

  The "client" in this case is the entity that pays for the inbox.  In
the case of children, minors can't legally make contracts anyway.  It
has to be approved by their parent.  And the parent is the one paying
for the inbox as well.

  My email inbox at work is no more my property, than is the the
computer I use at work.  It is paid for, owned, and controlled by my
employer.  I use it in my capacity as an agent of my employer.

-- 
Walter Dnes <waltdnes@waltdnes.org>
An infinite number of monkeys pounding away on keyboards will
eventually produce a report showing that Windows is more secure,
and has a lower TCO, than linux.

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> Since you're an ISP, could you indicate roughly the numbers you are
> talking about (per user if you like)?  [...]

I'm not bzs, and the numbers I have aren't quite the ones you ask for,
but they're harder numbers than I've usually seen cited. :-)

One of my tasks at $DAYJOB has been to deal with the crippling load
caused by spam blowback.  (Yes, crippling.  It had gotten to the point
where they were having to shut off all incoming SMTP during peak
periods just to keep the mailserver up at all.)  I wrote a small shim
layer whose job was to turn away unknown local-parts very cheaply.

The reason this is relevant is that I had it keep stats.  Thus, I know
what percentage of the RCPTs offered were rejected - ie, were totally
invalid local-parts.

At the peak of the blowback, when I first put it in place, it was
running about one in two hundred - 99.5% of the RCPTs offered were
invalid.  (These days, it's much better; it cruises along at only
something like 75% - I just now took a data sample, and while it was
too small to be really all that significant, I have no reason to think
it was unrepresentative, and it showed 93 bad and 32 good.  This
matches with my own memory of the sort of numbers I've seen when I've
looked at them in the past.)

That's just totally invalid local-parts.  Some amount of that is
doubtless non-spam (a very small amount - see below); there is also
doubtless a significant quantity of spam among the mail aimed at
existing local-parts.  I did arrange to capture some of the rejected
traffic, and when I looked, it was approximately all bounce blowback
from spam - other messages were notable by their rarity, and most of
*them* were non-bounced spam.

/~\ The ASCII				der Mouse
\ / Ribbon Campaign
 X  Against HTML	       mouse@rodents.montreal.qc.ca
/ \ Email!	     7D C8 61 52 5D E7 2D 39  4E F1 31 3E E8 B3 27 4B

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Subject: [Asrg] SICS, definitions, and accountability for `spam`
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John reminded me (us?) that this list is not for discussing the 
definition of spam. Indeed, I agree, that we may better not begin 
argument on the precise definition of spam, and instead focus on 
mechanisms which may help solve the problem. Each of these mechanisms 
has its own goal, or set of messages this solution considers as `spam`. 
Let me therefore re-phrase our goal with SICS.

SICS allows any two mail agents (MTA or MUA) to agree on a set of labels 
for e-mail (or other) messages, where the labels identify messages 
belonging to a potentially-objectionable category (advertising, XXX, 
etc.). Such labels would allow the MUAs and MTAs of recipients to filter 
messages before they reach the recipient, based on the policy of the 
recipient (and of the MTA).

The main idea in SICS is automated, efficient, decentralized 
accountabily. A MTA that signs SICS labels is responsible for them to 
the end user or to the recipient's (SICS-enabled) MTA. This builds a 
very efficient distributed penlties mechanism for senders of 
falsely-labeled e-mail (`spam` for SICS purposes), which does not 
require customers to identify and sue directly the originator of the 
spam, and prevents blocking or penalizing messages (e.g. containing 
adult-rated content) if the recipient is not interested in blocking 
them; this protects free speech and ensures e-mail openness and zero cost.

SICS stands for Secure Internet Content Selection, since there is 
already a spec for defining such labels called PICS (Platform for 
Internet Content Selection); SICS mainly adds accountability.

We are now working on (open-source, patent-free) implementation. If 
there is interest in this working group, we will be happy to contribute 
these ideas and help the group (or sub-groups) investigate their 
potential value. In particular, we plan to make an I-D version, or help 
others interested and able to create such an I-D. We will also be happy 
to cooperate with other groups interested in implementing similar ideas.

Best, Amir Herzberg
Associate Professor
Dept. of Computer Science, Bar Ilan University
http://AmirHerzberg.com



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From: Peter Bowyer <peeebeee@gmail.com>
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Spam, defined, and permissions
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On Wed, 22 Dec 2004 02:32:31 +0000 (GMT), gep2@terabites.com 
> ...
> there is NO feasible way for a spammer to try to sue a recipient who has chosen
> to refuse to accept, or read, the mail a spammer has tried to jam into the
> recipient's mailbox.  [This does NOT apply to mail that has been 'filtered' by
> some upstream authority, an ISP perhaps, based on their OWN arbitrary rules.]

The user has still made a clear decision - one to delegate their right
to accept/refuse to the ISP. As long as the ISP's contract makes this
clear, then I believe there's no difference in the 2 cases. The user
can exercise choice by switching to an ISP which allows greater
control by its users (and as John has pointed out, probably charges a
premium to cover the costs of offering that control).

Peter

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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Spam, defined, and permissions
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On 22 Dec 2004, John Levine <asrg@johnlevine.com> wrote:
>>This is yet another reason why a fine-grained permissions-based
>>approach, where the *recipient* can decide what E-mails they do and
>>do not want to receive (based on who the sender is, and what the mail
>>contains) is so decidedly the right way to pursue this problem.

>So long as you are willing to spend an unlimited amount of money on an
>e-mail infrastructure that accepts and stores terabytes of spam,
>almost all of which will be discarded unread, 

You are presuming that (1) spamming will continue to be lucrative; that (2) an 
approach such as I envision will reduce neither the numeric number of spam 
messages nor their average size; and (3) that spammers will continue to be able 
to recruit zombie spambot armies to do their mailings for them.

I believe that (2) and (3) are both unlikely (given the approach I propose), and 
that together those will make (1) unlikely as well.

First off, I believe that a fine-grained permissions list (with permissions 
based on who messages come from, along with what the nature of the contents of 
those messages are) and which by default will not allow either "large", HTML or 
attachments from untrusted senders, together will virtually eliminate E-mail as 
an effective vector for recruiting spambot zombie armies (it will in fact 
virtually eliminate the efficacy of sending worms and viruses in E-mail 
messages).

Secondly, making HTML-burdened E-mail acceptance CONTINGENT upon the sender 
being whitelisted by the recipient (and also on the basis of what that sender's 
E-mail is normally expected and allowed by the recipient to look like) will 
force spammers to abandon their most cherished and useful tricks for obscuring 
the purpose and contents of their E-mail messages, thus making them FAR easier 
to identify reliably and effectively with a good content filter.  At the same 
time, discouraging bulky HTML-burdened spam will all by itself cut the BYTE 
volume (including both bandwidth and storage costs) by probably 70% or more.

Third, making spam filtering more effective and harder to defeat or evade will 
dramatically reduce the payback to spammers, and the payback is what motivates 
spamming in the first place.  (The recent Iowa judgements totalling $1 billion 
against three spammers, and with some 297 judgements still to be issued in that 
case, can't fail but be noticed by spammers and raises dramatically the risks of 
their business model.)

>and a fabuously complex
>spam filter control panel that almost nobody will use, 

Oh, that's TRULY rubbish.  While obviously it would be CONCEIVABLE to implement 
such a filter in a stupid and clumsy way, a reasonable implementation could make 
this VERY user-friendly (far more user-friendly, in fact, than typical "security 
permissions" for NTFS file systems).  

>I suppose I
>agree.  If you want to continue getting mail for $20/mo forget it.

(1) bandwidth costs and storage costs both continue to decrease (not increase).

(2) effectively forcing spam back to plain ASCII text reduces typical spam size 
by two thirds to three quarters or more.  This significantly reduces the cost of 
carriage to ISPs and backbone companies.

(3) making spam less effective and profitable will ultimately be the thing which 
will control it (in fact, little else is likely to).

>ISPs tell me that when they have crummy filters that leak a lot of
>spam, people are constantly asking to be able to tune the filters.

The fact is that users who are able to simply and easily control THEIR OWN spam 
filtering, using techniques which are understandable and logical, are less 
likely to require as much ISP support.

>When they have good filters that work, nobody asks for options.  A
>large cable ISP said it was dramatic how the calls just stopped when
>they switched from an old filter to a new one.

My experience with ISP-provided spam filtering has been (very) mixed.

Yahoo's spam filtering seems pretty decent, at least in terms of not having a 
lot of "false positives"... virtually everything they deem as spam truly is (at 
least that's what I've been seeing from here).  OTOH, there is still spam which 
slips past their filter into my Yahoo Inbox.

My domain name provider (Domain Direct) offers (third-party) domain-wide spam 
filtering which had SO incredibly many false positives (and such clumsy 
provisions for whitelisting and filter adjustment) that after fighting it for a 
few weeks, I finally just turned their filter off.  I can go ahead and get that 
mail (including the spam) and process it better here using my own systems.

As for Comcast (my cable modem service provider) I don't know what spam 
filtering they do, if any.  If they do filter spam, I don't know what they do 
with the stuff they determine to be spam, or how I could check to see what false 
positives are not making it to my Inbox.

>>  Especially with threats of attorneys et al, 

>Could you be specific what threats of attorneys you're referring to?

I was referring to the comments posted here within the last few days about 
attorneys for spammers (or commercial mailers CLAIMING that what they're doing 
isn't "spam" and therefore that their mail should not be intercepted) suing ISPs 
or spam filtering companies to attempt to get the mail filters turned off for 
the "spammers" E-mails (and it's almost as evil for bulk mailers to bribe or pay 
off ISPs in order to get "approved" (i.e. "bribed") mail delivered, even when 
the recipient doesn't want it).  Obviously, that legal approach simply isn't 
going to be very sensible (nor is it likely to ever be successful in a court) if 
the filters are chosen and adminstered by the recipient themselves;  the ISP has 
done everything they committed to do, which is to deliver the E-mail (or at 
least made it available to the recipient to pick up) and then it's purely the 
recipient's choice regarding what they will and won't open and read, for 
whatever reasons make sense to them.  

>If you're in the United States, please consider them in relation to 47
>USC 230 and section 8(c) of CAN SPAM.

I don't think that's relevant to what we're talking about here (at least not 
what *I* am talking about).  I'm not talking about companies, individuals, or 
governments suing spammers, I'm talking about spammers (or those whose behavior 
might arguably look like spamming) suing (or threatening to sue) ISPs.

Gordon Peterson                  http://personal.terabites.com/
1977-2002  Twenty-fifth anniversary year of Local Area Networking!
Support free and fair US elections!  http://stickers.defend-democracy.org
12/19/98: Partisan Republicans scornfully ignore the voters they "represent".
12/09/00: the date the Republican Party took down democracy in America.



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>> ...
> there is NO feasible way for a spammer to try to sue a recipient who has 
chosen
> to refuse to accept, or read, the mail a spammer has tried to jam into the
> recipient's mailbox.  [This does NOT apply to mail that has been 'filtered' by
> some upstream authority, an ISP perhaps, based on their OWN arbitrary rules.]

> The user has still made a clear decision - one to delegate their right
to accept/refuse to the ISP. As long as the ISP's contract makes this
clear, then I believe there's no difference in the 2 cases. 

Sounds good, until the "spammer" can find a case (even just ONE) where the 
intended recipient actually WANTED the E-mail in question, and said user didn't 
feel they had in fact granted their ISP the 'right' to MIS-BLOCK mail that the 
user actually wanted. ("I only told you that you could block SPAM!  This isn't 
spam...!")  Now, perhaps you can come up with a contract/TOS that has enough 
waivers and disclaimers in it, but I still think that the "spammer"/"mailer" 
will probably have adequate claim to bring it up in court, SOMEWHERE.

> The user can exercise choice by switching to an ISP which allows greater
control by its users (and as John has pointed out, probably charges a
premium to cover the costs of offering that control).

I think you're being far, far too presumptuous about the practicality of 
switching to a different ISP.  Maybe you haven't been paying attention, but the 
ISP world has been consolidating (and especially if we're talking about 
broadband type services... okay, yes, dialup ISPs are more plentiful).

Take my case... where I have a Comcast cable connection.  I'm too far from the 
CO to get DSL, ISDN is slow (by today's standards) and badly overpriced, IDSL 
pretty much the same story, satellite Internet is expensive (here at least) and 
dialup is way too slow to satisfy me anymore.  And nobody here offers any kind 
of serious-competition (price, performance) wireless broadband.  So if I didn't 
like Comcast's terms (and I don't, for example, like their policy of blocking 
port 25, which would enable me to send mail through my own domain provider's 
SMTP server) what, exactly, are my choices for switching to a different ISP?

Meanwhile, even if one presumes that I'm therefore going to use Comcast for my 
connectivity, the fact that Comcast insists on blocking port 25 pretty well 
precludes me from signing up with a different and more-satisfactory "ISP", at 
least for outgoing SMTP-type mail service.

So, in fact, this supposed "choice" (which presumably would give the ISP a 
potential defensive claim) can be demonstrated as not being really much of a 
choice at all, at least not for significant numbers of users.

But in any case, my point remains... IF the RECIPIENT chooses the antispam 
filtering software that they like, and sets it to reject the types of spam that 
they choose to not receive or open, THEN that triage is not going to give a 
spammer/"mailer" much of a foothold to sue anybody on the basis that they are 
"interfering with the 'mailer's' 'legitimate' business".

Gordon Peterson                  http://personal.terabites.com/
1977-2002  Twenty-fifth anniversary year of Local Area Networking!
Support free and fair US elections!  http://stickers.defend-democracy.org
12/19/98: Partisan Republicans scornfully ignore the voters they "represent".
12/09/00: the date the Republican Party took down democracy in America.



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Subject: Re: [Asrg] SICS 
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> As long as someone will click on <well-known-string="1">
> there will be SPAM. 

Actually, in the spam/http problem space even that isn't a necessary
predicate condition. write-side engines insert <well-known-string="1">
where it is unlikely to be seen by people (except for disfunctioning
write-side engines), for the (infered) purpose of harvesting by indexers.

Eric

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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Spam, defined, and permissions
To: "ASRG" <asrg@ietf.org>
From: "Jon Kyme" <jrk@merseymail.com>
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JL quoted:
>>This is yet another reason why a fine-grained permissions-based
>>approach, where the *recipient* can decide what E-mails they do and
>>do not want to receive (based on who the sender is, and what the mail
>>contains) is so decidedly the right way to pursue this problem.
>
>
>So long as you are willing to spend an unlimited amount of money on an
>e-mail infrastructure that accepts and stores terabytes of spam,
>almost all of which will be discarded unread, and a fabuously complex
>spam filter control panel that almost nobody will use, I suppose I
>agree.  If you want to continue getting mail for $20/mo forget it.


Sorry, John, why would we have to accept and store all this unwanted mail?
Have I missed something? I'm not sure of the details of the "fine-grained
permissions-based approach" postulated, but you seem to have managed to
come up with a price for it. Remarkable.

This is the first time I've heard that the "end of spam" should come in at,
or under, $20/mo per seat. Let's all bear that in mind. Incidentally, for
all us non-US types out here, $20 is something between loose change and
several days pay, depending on exchange rate and local standard of living.






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From asrg-bounces@ietf.org  Wed Dec 22 09:22:46 2004
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Spam, defined, and permissions
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>>> This is yet another reason why a fine-grained permissions-based
>>> approach, where the *recipient* can decide what E-mails they do and
>>> do not want to receive (based on who the sender is, and what the
>>> mail contains) is so decidedly the right way to pursue this problem.
>> So long as you are willing to spend an unlimited amount of money on
>> an e-mail infrastructure that accepts and stores terabytes of spam,
> Sorry, John, why would we have to accept and store all this unwanted
> mail?

Well, I didn't write what you responded to, but....

You'd have to accept it, and probably store it temporarily, because you
can't apply filters that test the content until you _have_ the content.
(I suppose you may be able to optimize that away for users that don't
have any content-dependent filters turned on, or if the user has an
"absolute" test (= "this is unwanted, no question" when it trips)
enabled that the mail fails before the content shows up.

If the message tests out as clearly unwanted, you don't need to store
it at all.  But I suspect few people would use that; most, I expect,
will want such mail not dropped on the floor, but rather put in some
kind of "spam folder", in which case you _do_ need to store it
semi-permanently.

Of course, that's a guess.  If anyone has any hard numbers for those
proportions, I'd love to see them.

/~\ The ASCII				der Mouse
\ / Ribbon Campaign
 X  Against HTML	       mouse@rodents.montreal.qc.ca
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From asrg-bounces@ietf.org  Wed Dec 22 12:35:15 2004
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Spam, defined, and permissions
To: "ASRG" <asrg@ietf.org>
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>>>> This is yet another reason why a fine-grained permissions-based
>>>> approach, where the *recipient* can decide what E-mails they do and
>>>> do not want to receive (based on who the sender is, and what the
>>>> mail contains) is so decidedly the right way to pursue this problem.
>>> So long as you are willing to spend an unlimited amount of money on
>>> an e-mail infrastructure that accepts and stores terabytes of spam,
>> Sorry, John, why would we have to accept and store all this unwanted
>> mail?
>
>
>Well, I didn't write what you responded to, but....
>

That's alright, it's a public list, isn't it?


>You'd have to accept it, and probably store it temporarily, because you
>can't apply filters that test the content until you _have_ the content.
>(I suppose you may be able to optimize that away for users that don't
>have any content-dependent filters turned on, or if the user has an
>"absolute" test (= "this is unwanted, no question" when it trips)
>enabled that the mail fails before the content shows up.
>
>If the message tests out as clearly unwanted, you don't need to store
>it at all.  But I suspect few people would use that; most, I expect,
>will want such mail not dropped on the floor, but rather put in some
>kind of "spam folder", in which case you _do_ need to store it
>semi-permanently.
>
>Of course, that's a guess.  If anyone has any hard numbers for those
>proportions, I'd love to see them.


I'm familiar with the workings of a small-ish system with >75k accounts.
For a (probably roughly representative n=3350) sample of accounts, we're
only holding 284MB in quarantine ("spam"-folders). So I guess that we may
be 'ageing-out' rather aggressively, and perhaps filtering rather
conservatively.

Most customers seem fairly happy with the way things work, 
of another sample (n=3564), 42 have turned off "Spam Protection".
I'm guessing that it's these people who would be most likely to chose
fine-grained control.


Anyway, to the point:
I think that there's a misconception here. We could probably expect to see
"layers" of permission utilising whatever classification tools a provider
decides to make available to their customers. There are a number of points
in the process at which customers choices can be enforced which will have
different resource requirements:

For instance, I have customers who want only to receive mail from a small
set of senders. I can reject all other mail without examining or storing
much of the content.

Some of my customers are happy to have mail rejected on the basis of DNSBL
(or other) listings, or perhaps on SPF(eek!)-failures, again, I don't need
to accept/store those messages.

Others may be happy to reject messages with (say) SA scores > 20 but
quarantine those with 5 < score < 20. And of course they may want to
configure how messages are 'aged out' of the quarantine.

For that matter, I'm sure that some of my customers would be happy to use
some consent-token scheme, in which case I'm likely to be storing very
little unwanted mail for them.

And of course, we would aim to reject messages (if we do) during SMTP, so
as to limit the reliablity impact. This has all been said many times
before.


Some might assert that it's not economic to put this kind of stuff at
boundary MTA, and it might offend the religious,
but I don't believe it should be so lightly dismissed.  




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From asrg-bounces@ietf.org  Wed Dec 22 15:19:18 2004
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Subject: RE: [Asrg] SICS, definitions, and accountability for `spam`
Date: Wed, 22 Dec 2004 12:07:55 -0800
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Thread-Topic: [Asrg] SICS, definitions, and accountability for `spam`
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From: "Paul Lambert" <PaulLambert@AirgoNetworks.Com>
To: "Amir Herzberg" <herzbea@cs.biu.ac.il>, <asrg@ietf.org>
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=20
Hi Amir,

> -----Original Message-----
> Behalf Of Amir Herzberg

> SICS allows any two mail agents (MTA or MUA) to agree on a=20
...
> SICS stands for Secure Internet Content Selection, since=20
> there is already a spec for defining such labels called PICS=20
> (Platform for Internet Content Selection); SICS mainly adds=20
> accountability.

Very cool.  PICS had a nice approach to defer the definition of the
labels to the registration metadata.  Sounds like very promising work,
please do send to this list as you have more details.  This would be
very promising approach.

I assume on the accoutability, there will be digital signatures of the
lables... Will go look for the drafts.

Paul =20

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(Responses to multiple messages included.)

"Walter Dnes" <waltdnes@waltdnes.org> wrote:
> On Tue, Dec 21, 2004 at 10:52:59AM +1000, Laird Breyer wrote

>> Would it be accurate to say that ASRG is interested in Z-mail
>> prevention solutions where Z-mail is a label for some set of messages,
>> and Z-mail can be taken to be spam? 
. . .
>  The thing that you may be missing is that "one size does not fit all".
> One man's spam is another man's ham.

More important, I think, is that having a single definition of spam
works against solutions.

Somebody has a system that works well against Type X spam, and wants
to improve it.  Arguing that it isn't good because it ignores Type Y
spam just wastes effort.

Then somebody else comes up with a system that works OK against Type Y
spam.  If they both spend their time arguing over whether "spam" means
"Type X" or "Type Y" that's time they're not spending improving (or
combining) their systems.

> Rather than a "spam-blocking" program labelling something as spam
> and blocking it, we should have an "unwanted-email-blocking
> program".  When the spammer's lawyer screams "It's not spam, it's
> ooga-booga.  Stop blocking my client's emails with your
> 'spam-blocking' program", we should respond that it's really an
> 'unwanted-email-blocking-program'.  And that our customer has
> indicated that he doesn't want your email.

That doesn't work: the spammer will get a shill to sign up with your
ISP and claim he _wants_ the spam.

Laird Breyer <laird@lbreyer.com> wrote:
> On Dec 21 2004, John Levine wrote:

> The charter does emphasise that the ASRG is looking for well
> specified problems, and makes it clear that a multitude of
> techniques to tackle them is desirable. As such, doesn't that
> encourage attempts to define spam?

No, that discourages them, because having one blessed definition works
against having multiple techniques each of which is most effective
against a different part of the problem.

> The original message you responded to suggested a possible
> definition, followed by a link to some protocol which takes
> that definition as a basis. I guess I don't see what prompted
> you to warn against attempting to define spam. Could you explain?  
>
>> My position is that any anti-spam project has to identify the flavor
>> of spam that the project is attempting to address, but I don't expect
>> projects all to address the same thing.
>
> I agree with that position.

But having one definition works against that.

gep2@terabites.com wrote:

> Of course, as far as the recipient, THEIR decision about what is
> spam and what isn't, and what they want to receive and what they
> don't, is the ONLY opinion which matters in the final analysis.

Providing your goal is to market your services to them, yes.

> This is yet another reason why a fine-grained permissions-based
> approach, where the *recipient* can decide what E-mails they do and
> do not want to receive (based on who the sender is, and what the
> mail contains) is so decidedly the right way to pursue this problem.

It is _a_ right way.  It is not the only one.

>  Especially with threats of attorneys et al, there is NO feasible
> way for a spammer to try to sue a recipient who has chosen to refuse
> to accept, or read, the mail a spammer has tried to jam into the
> recipient's mailbox.

You might have noticed that spammers don't limit themselves to
"feasible" lawsuits.

gep2@terabites.com wrote:
> On 22 Dec 2004, John Levine <asrg@johnlevine.com> wrote:

>>>This is yet another reason why a fine-grained permissions-based
>>>approach, where the *recipient* can decide what E-mails they do and
>>>do not want to receive (based on who the sender is, and what the mail
>>>contains) is so decidedly the right way to pursue this problem.
>
>>So long as you are willing to spend an unlimited amount of money on an
>>e-mail infrastructure that accepts and stores terabytes of spam,
>>almost all of which will be discarded unread, 
>
> You are presuming that (1) spamming will continue to be lucrative;

No, just that it will continue to be done.

> that (2) an approach such as I envision will reduce neither the
> numeric number of spam messages nor their average size;

or at least leave those numbers large.

> and (3) that spammers will continue to be able 
> to recruit zombie spambot armies to do their mailings for them.

That's certainly likely for the foreseeable future.

> First off, I believe that a fine-grained permissions list (with
> permissions based on who messages come from, along with what the
> nature of the contents of those messages are) and which by default
> will not allow either "large", HTML or attachments from untrusted
> senders, together will virtually eliminate E-mail as an effective
> vector for recruiting spambot zombie armies (it will in fact
> virtually eliminate the efficacy of sending worms and viruses in
> E-mail messages).

In order for it to eliminate zombies, it has to be implemented by
_everybody else_.  That's not going to happen.

> Secondly, making HTML-burdened E-mail acceptance CONTINGENT upon the
> sender being whitelisted by the recipient

You're assuming that you can tell whether or not the _recipient's_ MUA
will attempt to interpret a message as HTML.

> Third, making spam filtering more effective and harder to defeat or
> evade will dramatically reduce the payback to spammers, and the
> payback is what motivates spamming in the first place.

For some spammers, maybe.  Many others sell their services, and the
worldwide shortage of suckers is not expected soon.

>>and a fabuously complex
>>spam filter control panel that almost nobody will use, 
>
> Oh, that's TRULY rubbish.  While obviously it would be CONCEIVABLE
> to implement such a filter in a stupid and clumsy way, a reasonable
> implementation could make this VERY user-friendly (far more
> user-friendly, in fact, than typical "security permissions" for NTFS
> file systems).

Prove it.  Come up with a reasonable implementation that my mother can
handle.

>>ISPs tell me that when they have crummy filters that leak a lot of
>>spam, people are constantly asking to be able to tune the filters.
>
> The fact is that users who are able to simply and easily control
> THEIR OWN spam filtering, using techniques which are understandable
> and logical, are less likely to require as much ISP support.

As spammers learn to evade those controls, the ISP has to upgrade
them.

>>If you're in the United States, please consider them in relation to 47
>>USC 230 and section 8(c) of CAN SPAM.
>
> I don't think that's relevant to what we're talking about here (at
> least not what *I* am talking about).  I'm not talking about
> companies, individuals, or governments suing spammers, I'm talking
> about spammers (or those whose behavior might arguably look like
> spamming) suing (or threatening to sue) ISPs.

Did you read those?  They provide _immunity for ISPs_ for good-faith
spam filtering.

gep2@terabites.com wrote:

>> The user has still made a clear decision - one to delegate their right
>> to accept/refuse to the ISP. As long as the ISP's contract makes this
>> clear, then I believe there's no difference in the 2 cases. 
>
> Sounds good, until the "spammer" can find a case (even just ONE)
> where the intended recipient actually WANTED the E-mail in question,
> and said user didn't feel they had in fact granted their ISP the
> 'right' to MIS-BLOCK mail that the user actually wanted.

Then the ISP show the contract the user agreed to, and the law
granting it immunity.

> Now, perhaps you can come up with a contract/TOS that has enough 
> waivers and disclaimers in it,

And every ISP already has; have you looked at any?  (I have, and they
all say the ISP can do what it wants.)

> but I still think that the "spammer"/"mailer" 
> will probably have adequate claim to bring it up in court, SOMEWHERE.

I don't care what the laws in Spamzania say.

>> The user can exercise choice by switching to an ISP which allows greater
>> control by its users (and as John has pointed out, probably charges a
>> premium to cover the costs of offering that control).
>
> I think you're being far, far too presumptuous about the
> practicality of switching to a different ISP.  Maybe you haven't
> been paying attention, but the ISP world has been consolidating (and
> especially if we're talking about broadband type services... okay,
> yes, dialup ISPs are more plentiful).

Mail Service Providers are growing.  They don't have to provide
Internet access; some people prefer buying unbundled services.

>  So if I didn't like Comcast's terms (and I don't, for example, like
> their policy of blocking port 25, which would enable me to send mail
> through my own domain provider's SMTP server) what, exactly, are my
> choices for switching to a different ISP?

$100/year for a Panix account with shell, mail, Usenet, etc.

$0/year and up for email accounts with Outblaze, gmail, Yahoo, . . .

> Meanwhile, even if one presumes that I'm therefore going to use
> Comcast for my connectivity, the fact that Comcast insists on
> blocking port 25 pretty well precludes me from signing up with a
> different and more-satisfactory "ISP", at least for outgoing
> SMTP-type mail service.

A decent one uses "SUBMIT".

Seth

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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Spam, defined, and permissions
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>>So long as you are willing to spend an unlimited amount of money on an
>>e-mail infrastructure that accepts and stores terabytes of spam,
>>almost all of which will be discarded unread, and a fabuously complex
>>spam filter control panel that almost nobody will use, I suppose I
>>agree.  If you want to continue getting mail for $20/mo forget it.
>
>Sorry, John, why would we have to accept and store all this unwanted mail?

What Mouse said -- you can't filter it until you've got a copy of it.
The large ISPs I know tell me that 90% or more of the mail that's sent
to them is spam, so if you're going to filter everything rather than
reject most of it before receipt using various sorts IP blocks, that
suggests an order of magnitude increase in the work the mail servers
have to do.

>This is the first time I've heard that the "end of spam" should come
>in at, or under, $20/mo per seat.

Here in the US at least, that's been the going price for basic
Internet access for at least a decade, give or take a few dollars.  If
price is no object, a much better solution would be for every e-mail
user to hire a secretary to sort through the incoming mail.

Regards,
John Levine, johnl@taugh.com, Taughannock Networks, Trumansburg NY
http://www.taugh.com



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In-Reply-To: Your message of "Wed, 22 Dec 2004 12:07:55 PST."
	<3FFBC907DD03A34CA4410C5C745DEB120514468B@wnimail.WoodsideNet.Com> 
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you're going to go and look at pics hmm?

been there, done that, low hourly rates.

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John Levine <asrg@johnlevine.com> wrote:

>>Sorry, John, why would we have to accept and store all this unwanted mail?
>
> What Mouse said -- you can't filter it until you've got a copy of it.
> The large ISPs I know tell me that 90% or more of the mail that's sent
> to them is spam, so if you're going to filter everything rather than
> reject most of it before receipt using various sorts IP blocks, that
> suggests an order of magnitude increase in the work the mail servers
> have to do.

So you have to "accept" (well, not in the "250 yeah whatever" sense)
it; but you don't store it for very long, maybe not even long enough
to write to disk.

>>This is the first time I've heard that the "end of spam" should come
>>in at, or under, $20/mo per seat.
>
> Here in the US at least, that's been the going price for basic
> Internet access for at least a decade, give or take a few dollars.

But that includes access.  Accounts without access (but with email,
etc.) are about half that.

Seth

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Subject: Re: [Asrg] SICS
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On December 22, 2004 at 14:09 laird@lbreyer.com (Laird Breyer) wrote:
 > 
 > Figuring out whether a recipient address represents a real user is a
 > fast operation in principle, ie no matter how many valid user
 > addresses, a yes/no needs O(1) operations with the right algorithms.
 > 
 > So from a scalability POV, I'd expect the costs of spam to be mainly
 > proportional to those messages which are sent to a valid user.
 > 

In my not inconsiderable experience as a system's load, measured in
requests per second, increases the response time per request tends to
follow an exponential.

So, your comments are only true if the hardware and software expands
at some rate to match the request rate. It doesn't have to be linearly
expanded, but when you hit a knee in the curve you either move that
knee (i.e., expand resources) or suffer the consequences (exponential
growth in response time.)

Where I'm using the word "exponential" colloquially to mean
"super-linear" if that bothers anyone, "hockey-sticks" might be a
better verb.

To bring this back to earth, spammers' behavior is such that, barring
response (blocking them, killing them, increasing resources, pulling
the plug on your internet connection, etc) they will find the knee in
that curve.

I am not speaking hypothetically, I am speaking from my not
inconsiderable...

-- 
        -Barry Shein

Software Tool & Die    | bzs@TheWorld.com           | http://www.TheWorld.com
Purveyors to the Trade | Voice: 617-739-0202        | Login: 617-739-WRLD
The World              | Public Access Internet     | Since 1989     *oo*

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This is a good note: Read it again!


On December 22, 2004 at 00:27 mouse@Rodents.Montreal.QC.CA (der Mouse) wrote:
 > > Since you're an ISP, could you indicate roughly the numbers you are
 > > talking about (per user if you like)?  [...]
 > 
 > I'm not bzs, and the numbers I have aren't quite the ones you ask for,
 > but they're harder numbers than I've usually seen cited. :-)
 > 
 > One of my tasks at $DAYJOB has been to deal with the crippling load
 > caused by spam blowback.  (Yes, crippling.  It had gotten to the point
 > where they were having to shut off all incoming SMTP during peak
 > periods just to keep the mailserver up at all.)  I wrote a small shim
 > layer whose job was to turn away unknown local-parts very cheaply.
 > 
 > The reason this is relevant is that I had it keep stats.  Thus, I know
 > what percentage of the RCPTs offered were rejected - ie, were totally
 > invalid local-parts.
 > 
 > At the peak of the blowback, when I first put it in place, it was
 > running about one in two hundred - 99.5% of the RCPTs offered were
 > invalid.  (These days, it's much better; it cruises along at only
 > something like 75% - I just now took a data sample, and while it was
 > too small to be really all that significant, I have no reason to think
 > it was unrepresentative, and it showed 93 bad and 32 good.  This
 > matches with my own memory of the sort of numbers I've seen when I've
 > looked at them in the past.)
 > 
 > That's just totally invalid local-parts.  Some amount of that is
 > doubtless non-spam (a very small amount - see below); there is also
 > doubtless a significant quantity of spam among the mail aimed at
 > existing local-parts.  I did arrange to capture some of the rejected
 > traffic, and when I looked, it was approximately all bounce blowback
 > from spam - other messages were notable by their rarity, and most of
 > *them* were non-bounced spam.
 > 
 > /~\ The ASCII				der Mouse
 > \ / Ribbon Campaign
 >  X  Against HTML	       mouse@rodents.montreal.qc.ca
 > / \ Email!	     7D C8 61 52 5D E7 2D 39  4E F1 31 3E E8 B3 27 4B
 > 
 > _______________________________________________
 > Asrg mailing list
 > Asrg@ietf.org
 > https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg

-- 
        -Barry Shein

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Purveyors to the Trade | Voice: 617-739-0202        | Login: 617-739-WRLD
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From asrg-bounces@ietf.org  Wed Dec 22 19:43:46 2004
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On Wed, Dec 22, 2004 at 03:15:40PM -0500, Seth Breidbart wrote

> > Rather than a "spam-blocking" program labelling something as spam
> > and blocking it, we should have an "unwanted-email-blocking
> > program".  When the spammer's lawyer screams "It's not spam, it's
> > ooga-booga.  Stop blocking my client's emails with your
> > 'spam-blocking' program", we should respond that it's really an
> > 'unwanted-email-blocking-program'.  And that our customer has
> > indicated that he doesn't want your email.
> 
> That doesn't work: the spammer will get a shill to sign up with your
> ISP and claim he _wants_ the spam.

  I have a remote inbox at an ISP that has hacked up Qmail to allow
*END-USER-CONFIGURED* rulesets that block email *AT THE SMTP STAGE*.
Each user can have their own custom filters.  As a matter of fact, each
of the 10 email accounts that a user is allowed, can have different
rulesets.  I host my email domain with them.  My waltdnes ID is heavily
guarded.  My postmaster and abuse ID's are unfiltered, unless I run into
a really snotty spammer.

  As I said earlier, one size does not fit all.  The goal should be
end-user control, even if it's only an "on-off" switch for spam-blocking.
A serendipitous side-effect is that it defeats the shill-signs-up-at-ISP
stunt.

> >  Especially with threats of attorneys et al, there is NO feasible
> > way for a spammer to try to sue a recipient who has chosen to refuse
> > to accept, or read, the mail a spammer has tried to jam into the
> > recipient's mailbox.
> 
> You might have noticed that spammers don't limit themselves to
> "feasible" lawsuits.

  In that case, why are you participating in this forum?  You might get
sued for contributing to tortious interference with a spammer's income.

-- 
Walter Dnes <waltdnes@waltdnes.org>
An infinite number of monkeys pounding away on keyboards will
eventually produce a report showing that Windows is more secure,
and has a lower TCO, than linux.

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From: Laird Breyer <laird@lbreyer.com>
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] SICS
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On Dec 22 2004, Barry Shein wrote:
> 
> So, your comments are only true if the hardware and software expands
> at some rate to match the request rate. It doesn't have to be linearly
> expanded, but when you hit a knee in the curve you either move that
> knee (i.e., expand resources) or suffer the consequences (exponential
> growth in response time.)

That's true, but you aren't seriously suggesting that ISPs won't upgrade
their equipment over time? The internet hasn't finished growing yet,
and service providers are middle men, so their incoming traffic
is bound to grow.

It's perfectly reasonable (don't you think?) to expect an ISP to
deploy resources proportional to their number of users, which brings
us back to the question of the mail request rate per legitimate user
and how it can be eventually limited(*). Some real numbers have
already been offered on the list.

(*) why not (still) consider mail requests for non-users? Verifying
whether an address corresponds to a local user is cheap in principle
nevertheless. Yes, you'll be seeing very many incoming socket
connections, but you don't need to set up a full SMTP service
connection until you already know that the recipient is valid. Now
cheap connections together with Moore's law ought(comment?) to handle
the increase in requests over time at a constant upgrade cost for the
front end.

> 
> To bring this back to earth, spammers' behavior is such that, barring
> response (blocking them, killing them, increasing resources, pulling
> the plug on your internet connection, etc) they will find the knee in
> that curve.

That's a lot of different responses, with different costs and
benefits. How can we get an overview without numbers? Or is the idea
that ASRG offers a grab bag of solutions and implementors silently
pick and choose what works for them without giving feedback? I don't
have a preference, just wondering how it's supposed to work.

-- 
Laird Breyer.

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From: Laird Breyer <laird@lbreyer.com>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] SICS
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On Dec 22 2004, Barry Shein wrote:
> 
> 
> This is a good note: Read it again!
> 

I agree, it's an excellent note. I find this particularly interesting:
 
>  > existing local-parts.  I did arrange to capture some of the rejected
>  > traffic, and when I looked, it was approximately all bounce blowback
>  > from spam - other messages were notable by their rarity, and most of
>  > *them* were non-bounced spam.

It's particularly interesting because it suggests that the bulk of
those invalid requests are protocol related, not directly related to
the spammers' creativity.

-- 
Laird Breyer.

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On December 23, 2004 at 10:58 laird@lbreyer.com (Laird Breyer) wrote:
 > On Dec 22 2004, Barry Shein wrote:
 > > 
 > > So, your comments are only true if the hardware and software expands
 > > at some rate to match the request rate. It doesn't have to be linearly
 > > expanded, but when you hit a knee in the curve you either move that
 > > knee (i.e., expand resources) or suffer the consequences (exponential
 > > growth in response time.)
 > 
 > That's true, but you aren't seriously suggesting that ISPs won't upgrade
 > their equipment over time? The internet hasn't finished growing yet,
 > and service providers are middle men, so their incoming traffic
 > is bound to grow.

Yes, but upgrading equipment just to handle spam load is a bad thing,
like any crime no one wants to pay for it yet it must be paid for
nonetheless.

The increased resource pressure from spammers isn't just "in the
noise", it's quite significant. Right now I think what we're seeing is
a mixture of upgrading anyhow and trying to adjust, and just putting
more bread crumbs in the hamburger (slower mail delivery, fooling
around with filters/blocks that are questionable, etc.)

 > It's perfectly reasonable (don't you think?) to expect an ISP to
 > deploy resources proportional to their number of users, which brings
 > us back to the question of the mail request rate per legitimate user
 > and how it can be eventually limited(*). Some real numbers have
 > already been offered on the list.

I don't think the "per legitimate user" is a realistic measure any
longer since some huge percentage, I'll guess more than half, is to
unknown users and other mischief like endless probes etc.

 > (*) why not (still) consider mail requests for non-users? Verifying
 > whether an address corresponds to a local user is cheap in principle
 > nevertheless.

It's not all that cheap. Remember there are aliases and mailing lists
and so on to deal with.

Cheap is a relative thing. Don't sell "cheaper" (than a full delivery)
as "cheap".

I've been hit by 1500 zombie pc's simultaneously pumping the same
exact spam at us.

How cheap does cheap have to be to deal with an attack like that?

 Yes, you'll be seeing very many incoming socket
 > connections, but you don't need to set up a full SMTP service
 > connection until you already know that the recipient is valid.

I don't get you, SMTP is SMTP, until I talk some SMTP with them I
don't know who their intended recipient is.

 Now
 > cheap connections together with Moore's law ought(comment?) to handle
 > the increase in requests over time at a constant upgrade cost for the
 > front end.

My experience sez that spammers seem to follow a parkinsonian law of
resource exploitation which means if you get more resources they'll
use more resources.

Otherwise how could they be such a nuisance to garageshopisp.com and
AOL simultaneously?

I don't think Moore's law covers it, not by a long shot.

Moore's law mostly applies to processing power (specifically,
transistor density.)

Disk speed and network bandwidth costs, two very critical factors in
mail server scaling, don't go up anything like Moore's law.

 > 
 > > 
 > > To bring this back to earth, spammers' behavior is such that, barring
 > > response (blocking them, killing them, increasing resources, pulling
 > > the plug on your internet connection, etc) they will find the knee in
 > > that curve.
 > 
 > That's a lot of different responses, with different costs and
 > benefits. How can we get an overview without numbers? Or is the idea
 > that ASRG offers a grab bag of solutions and implementors silently
 > pick and choose what works for them without giving feedback? I don't
 > have a preference, just wondering how it's supposed to work.
 > 

ASRG is a research group.

Anxious as we may be for a solution I still think we're quite a ways
away from any meeting of the minds on what the problem is or, perhaps
put better, what a solution might look like.


-- 
        -Barry Shein

Software Tool & Die    | bzs@TheWorld.com           | http://www.TheWorld.com
Purveyors to the Trade | Voice: 617-739-0202        | Login: 617-739-WRLD
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From asrg-bounces@ietf.org  Wed Dec 22 23:13:17 2004
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Spam, defined, and permissions
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>>>> This is yet another reason why a fine-grained permissions-based
>>> approach, where the *recipient* can decide what E-mails they do and
>>> do not want to receive (based on who the sender is, and what the
>>> mail contains) is so decidedly the right way to pursue this problem.

>>> So long as you are willing to spend an unlimited amount of money on
>> an e-mail infrastructure that accepts and stores terabytes of spam,

>> Sorry, John, why would we have to accept and store all this unwanted
> mail?

> Well, I didn't write what you responded to, but....

> You'd have to accept it, and probably store it temporarily, because you
can't apply filters that test the content until you _have_ the content.
(I suppose you may be able to optimize that away for users that don't
have any content-dependent filters turned on, or if the user has an
"absolute" test (= "this is unwanted, no question" when it trips)
enabled that the mail fails before the content shows up.

> If the message tests out as clearly unwanted, you don't need to store
it at all.  But I suspect few people would use that; most, I expect,
will want such mail not dropped on the floor, but rather put in some
kind of "spam folder", in which case you _do_ need to store it
semi-permanently.

> Of course, that's a guess.  If anyone has any hard numbers for those
proportions, I'd love to see them.

Oh, for heaven's sakes.

First off, if the E-mail is stored at the recipient end (where it makes sense to 
keep it, and process it, since that's where the bulk of the processing and 
storage resources are), disk space is currently going for US$0.35 to US$0.50 a 
gigabyte (even if you mirror it, doubling those prices still give you a 
(mirrored!) gigabyte for less than the price of a single typical daily 
newspaper).  Give the recipient the option to provide disk space, and store 
messages, or not provide disk space, and don't.  Simple.

Typical spam messages (once you strip the HTML garbage out of them) tend to be 
1K-5K bytes long.  So even if they were all 5K, you're talking about storing 
something like 200,000 spam E-mail messages (for however long the user bothers 
to keep them before they finally purge them, either actively or by simple 
timeout) for about ONE DOLLAR.

So what's with all this crap about it being so onerous to "accept and store" 
this stuff?

As for TEMPORARY E-mail storage (say at a POP3 server), mind you that it is the 
ISPs themselves who create that monster by trying to discourage users from 
setting up their own POP3 servers (which in fact is extremely simple to do, if 
you have a machine which is online and running essentially all the time).

But even if you don't have a fulltime POP3 server, it's fairly trivial to have a 
small background process running (as I do here) which empties POP3 mailboxes 
every minute or two.  There's really no point to agonize over the storage 
involved in handling this stuff, especially at the ISP end of things.

The only time my mailboxes get CLOSE to overflowing is if I'm away from home for 
an extended period, AND something happens here at home that takes my systems 
down until I get back.  So, exceptionally, I *might* use a lot of disk space 
(briefly) but then again, it's pretty rare for me under normal circumstances to 
have more than a couple of E-mails, total, in my Inboxes at any given time.

But then too, it's TRULY difficult for me to feel terribly sympathetic to an ISP 
who charges $80 a month for high-speed connectivity and then grouses about 
devoting even $0.25 (total, not per month) for 250Mb (peak!) of mirrored disk 
space at a POP3 server to hold that customer's mail.  And THAT is for those 
relatively enlightened ISPs that offer (just recently) 250Mb of Inbox space... 
compared to REALLY cheapo skinflints (like Comcast, but let's not name names) 
who (last I remember hearing) were still limiting their customers to a miserly 
10Mb of Inbox space each (about a penny's worth of hard drive space...).

Yeah, I'll tell you, I *really* feel sorry for them.

NOT!

Let's get real here, guys.  The amount of disk space it takes to store this 
stuff, compared to what people pay for these services, simply isn't a big deal 
(and, like bandwidth, it's becoming cheaper all the time).  And if we push the 
message storage to the user end (where it probably ought to be) then it's 
basically NO (storage, anyhow) skin off the ISP's nose at all.

Gordon Peterson                  http://personal.terabites.com/
1977-2002  Twenty-fifth anniversary year of Local Area Networking!
Support free and fair US elections!  http://stickers.defend-democracy.org
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On Dec 22 2004, Barry Shein wrote:
> 
> The increased resource pressure from spammers isn't just "in the
> noise", it's quite significant. Right now I think what we're seeing is
> a mixture of upgrading anyhow and trying to adjust, and just putting
> more bread crumbs in the hamburger (slower mail delivery, fooling
> around with filters/blocks that are questionable, etc.)
> 

I don't deny it's significant. I'm just trying to help clear up the issues.

> I don't think the "per legitimate user" is a realistic measure any
> longer since some huge percentage, I'll guess more than half, is to
> unknown users and other mischief like endless probes etc.
> 

I've got a back of the envelope scheme below to address that specific
problem. Purely theoretical, but I really do think that issue can be 
discounted.

> Cheap is a relative thing. Don't sell "cheaper" (than a full delivery)
> as "cheap".

I'm talking about really cheap. I'll give a rough idea below of what I
have in mind. Note also that der Mouse already implemented something
of that nature as described in his post, but probably not the way I'm
going to describe it.

PROBLEM:
Say you have one million valid email addresses. Each address is between
10 and 20 characters long. The problem is to cheaply discard inbound 
SMTP connections with invalid addresses in the RCPT command. 

WHAT TO DO:
Use a dedicated proxy in front of your SMTP servers. This proxy keeps
all the addresses in memory, either hashed or set up as a trie. 
This guarantees that given an address string, figuring if it's valid
is literally a few machine instructions, independent of the number of
valid addresses. You can reload those lists once an hour say, and
you can precompute aliases if you like, whatever.

The proxy has these addresses in memory, but its real job is to accept
socket connections. An SMTP server, once the client has connected,
typically waits for HELO, MAIL, RCPT, DATA followed by the mail
message.

The proxy server is not going to be a full SMTP server. Conceptually,
it's going to wait for HELO, MAIL, RCPT, and at that point check if
the address is valid. If valid, the proxy opens a real SMTP connection
to your SMTP servers and replays the HELO, MAIL, RCPT commands, then
transparently forwards the SMTP conversation.  If the address was
invalid, there's no need to bother the SMTP servers, just return an
error and do whatever the protocol allows to close the connection.

So your proxy code really doesn't need to be very smart at all, and
the processing load for each attempted connection (up until the RCPT)
will be really cheap: buffer space for a couple of lines of input to
be replayed, and a very small number of instructions to check the
address, and after that it's mindless copying of bytes. So ten or
twenty megabytes for the full list of addresses, and a couple of K for
buffering each open socket, if you're paranoid about ultra-long SMTP
commands.
  
The bottleneck will be how many simultaneous open sockets your server
can handle over time. That'll depend on your kernel/hardware limits and
the time you have to wait until a socket is reusable.

Either way, let's take Devdas Bhagat's statistics 

http://nixcartel.org/~devdas/minute.png

I don't know if these numbers include invalid users or not, but let's
say 60K invalid requests per minute, and another 10K valid requests.
That's one thousand rejected requests per second, and less than 200
long lived requests. If you wait 30 seconds until you can reuse a
socket, then you'll need about 35,000 socket addresses in total in
this case. Or if you have fewer, you can use several proxies in
parallel.

> 
> My experience sez that spammers seem to follow a parkinsonian law of
> resource exploitation which means if you get more resources they'll
> use more resources.

Probably. One problem at a time.

> Moore's law mostly applies to processing power (specifically,
> transistor density.)
> 
> Disk speed and network bandwidth costs, two very critical factors in
> mail server scaling, don't go up anything like Moore's law.

You'll note that the proxy scenario I painted needs no disk space, but
does need good I/O hardware and a typical PC's worth of RAM.

> 
> ASRG is a research group.
> 
> Anxious as we may be for a solution I still think we're quite a ways
> away from any meeting of the minds on what the problem is or, perhaps
> put better, what a solution might look like.
> 

Good point. However, I do think some real numbers once in a while help
focus the issues.

BTW, the proxy scenario I gave above isn't intended to be a ready
solution, rather it's an argument to prop up my claim that handling
the invalid requests can be handled scalably.

-- 
Laird Breyer.


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> Note also that der Mouse already implemented something of that nature
> as described in his post, but probably not the way I'm going to
> describe it.

[much snippage -dM]
> Use a dedicated proxy in front of your SMTP servers.  This proxy
> keeps all the addresses in memory, either hashed or set up as a trie.

> The proxy server is not going to be a full SMTP server.
> Conceptually, it's going to wait for HELO, MAIL, RCPT, and at that
> point check if the address is valid. If valid, the proxy opens a real
> SMTP connection to your SMTP servers and replays the HELO, MAIL, RCPT
> commands, then transparently forwards the SMTP conversation.

This is..._almost exactly_ what I did.  The only ways in which it isn't
are (a) that it HELOs as itself, rather than relaying the HELO from the
client, and (b) it inserts a Received: header at the beginning of the
data (if the conversation gets to that point).

> BTW, the proxy scenario I gave above isn't intended to be a ready
> solution, rather it's an argument to prop up my claim that handling
> the invalid requests can be handled scalably.

It certainly was a solution to a very real practical problem when I
wrote it; their mailserver went from tottering on the brink of total
collapse to fully usable in the length of time it took the MX record
changes to work their way through the world's DNS caches.  Not a really
large ISP - your transaction counts were high by orders of magnitude
compared to them - but not a mom-&-pop either.

Anyone who would like a copy of the code is welcome to it (minus a few
site-specific fragments that really need to be written per-site, like
checking that the domain portion of the address is right).  Drop me a
line and if I get lots of requests I'll put it up for ftp.  No
guarantees, of course, but I figure at worst someone may steal some
ideas from it.

/~\ The ASCII				der Mouse
\ / Ribbon Campaign
 X  Against HTML	       mouse@rodents.montreal.qc.ca
/ \ Email!	     7D C8 61 52 5D E7 2D 39  4E F1 31 3E E8 B3 27 4B

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gep2 wrote:
> push
>the
>message storage to the user end (where it probably ought to be) 
>

Why is that?



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From: Devdas Bhagat <devdas@dvb.homelinux.org>
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On 23/12/04 16:04 +1000, Laird Breyer wrote:
<snip>
> Either way, let's take Devdas Bhagat's statistics 
> 
> http://nixcartel.org/~devdas/minute.png
> 
> I don't know if these numbers include invalid users or not, but let's
> say 60K invalid requests per minute, and another 10K valid requests.

The breakup is very roughly 25% invalid users, 25% DNSBLs and 50% local
IP blocks.
And the invalid user query is a database hit (40 million+ users and
those keep changing very rapidly).

Devdas Bhagat

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On December 23, 2004 at 16:04 laird@lbreyer.com (Laird Breyer) wrote:
 > BTW, the proxy scenario I gave above isn't intended to be a ready
 > solution, rather it's an argument to prop up my claim that handling
 > the invalid requests can be handled scalably.

All I get from it is that an in-memory hash or other fast lookup
algorithm, if it's not being used already, might speed up response
time assuming that your model improves on the resources which are
actually strapped.

That doesn't address scalability, it just shifts the knee of the curve
much like a faster CPU or more memory might.

Scalability has to address:

a) The critical resource(s)
b) Permutational effects

Where (b) is often subtle and significant. For example, if you use N
servers you have to load balance between them. How does that
decision-making scale as N increases. It's often somewhere between
O(N^2) and O(N!).

At any rate, as fascinating as some might find it I sincerely don't
believe the problem with spam, even at the ingress, is going to be
solved or even ameliorated for very long by some improvement in
recipient validity processing.

It's like someone breaking your windows unchallenged and someone says
I know, let's find cheaper ways to make window panes!

It helps no doubt but somehow misses the point, including whether the
cost is in the panes or installing the panes, etc.

-- 
        -Barry Shein

Software Tool & Die    | bzs@TheWorld.com           | http://www.TheWorld.com
Purveyors to the Trade | Voice: 617-739-0202        | Login: 617-739-WRLD
The World              | Public Access Internet     | Since 1989     *oo*

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> I'm familiar with the workings of a small-ish system with >75k accounts.
For a (probably roughly representative n=3350) sample of accounts, we're
only holding 284MB in quarantine ("spam"-folders). So I guess that we may
be 'ageing-out' rather aggressively, and perhaps filtering rather
conservatively.

So, in that case, if we presume that the sample is representative, that would 
suggest that the total storage used in spam folders is about 6Gb (so maybe $6 
worth of mirrored disk space, purchase cost).  Certainly doesn't sound excessive 
to me.

Now, another option that I haven't seen spoken about here (and it's conceivable 
that Yahoo does this for THEIR spam folders, for instance) is the possibility 
for a big ISP with lots of customers to identify the identical message being 
delivered to multiple customers, and save only a SINGLE copy which they let 
everyone reference in common (obviously, on a read-only basis).

In any case, I think that the poster arguing about "terabites" of spam being 
stored was way offbase (and even if they were, a terabite of fully mirrored disk 
space nowadays is only about $1K, which certainly ought to not be a dealbreaker 
for any serious ISP).

> Most customers seem fairly happy with the way things work, 
of another sample (n=3564), 42 have turned off "Spam Protection".
I'm guessing that it's these people who would be most likely to chose
fine-grained control.

I turned off "domain" spam protection at my domain provider primarily because 
they were routing WAY too much non-spam stuff off to the spam folder, and after 
a week or two of playing with their (very clumsy) whitelisting techniques I 
decided that it was WAY more trouble than it was worth (the guilty party seems 
to be emaildefenseservice.com, which I'm guessing handles this under contract to 
DomainDirect).

> Anyway, to the point:
I think that there's a misconception here. We could probably expect to see
"layers" of permission utilising whatever classification tools a provider
decides to make available to their customers. There are a number of points
in the process at which customers choices can be enforced which will have
different resource requirements:

> For instance, I have customers who want only to receive mail from a small
set of senders. I can reject all other mail without examining or storing
much of the content.

The fine-grained permissions list system I propose could easily achieve that 
one, say, by allowing them to set their "maximum size E-mail accepted unless the 
sender is whitelisted" to zero, or 100 bytes, or some such nominal value.

> Some of my customers are happy to have mail rejected on the basis of DNSBL
(or other) listings, or perhaps on SPF(eek!)-failures, again, I don't need
to accept/store those messages.

That's certainly a possibility, and maybe it ought to be offered to recipients, 
I would not be happy to see something like that encouraged because of the way it 
tends to break vanity domains, (legitimate!) kiosk users, etc.

> Others may be happy to reject messages with (say) SA scores > 20 but
quarantine those with 5 < score < 20. And of course they may want to
configure how messages are 'aged out' of the quarantine.

Reasonable enough.  

> For that matter, I'm sure that some of my customers would be happy to use
some consent-token scheme, in which case I'm likely to be storing very
little unwanted mail for them.

I think that customers wanting "consent tokens" are primarily just desperate for 
SOME relief, and most of them are clueless regarding the downsides to what they 
THINK they want.

The ideal, of course, is NOT that we end up giving the users what they THINK 
they want, but what they would PREFER to have if they only had thought of it.  
:-)

The KEY things where I agree with the poster, and that we ought to keep in mind, 
are that:

  1)  the control for what they're willing to recieve ought to rest in the hands 
of the RECIPIENT;

  2)  they should be able to give greater permissions (and hopefully in a 
finely-grained way) to trusted correspondents than they give to people they 
don't know, based on the sender name.


Gordon Peterson                  http://personal.terabites.com/
1977-2002  Twenty-fifth anniversary year of Local Area Networking!
Support free and fair US elections!  http://stickers.defend-democracy.org
12/19/98: Partisan Republicans scornfully ignore the voters they "represent".
12/09/00: the date the Republican Party took down democracy in America.



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From asrg-bounces@ietf.org  Thu Dec 23 16:44:47 2004
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>> Rather than a "spam-blocking" program labelling something as spam
> and blocking it, we should have an "unwanted-email-blocking
> program".  When the spammer's lawyer screams "It's not spam, it's
> ooga-booga.  Stop blocking my client's emails with your
> 'spam-blocking' program", we should respond that it's really an
> 'unwanted-email-blocking-program'.  And that our customer has
> indicated that he doesn't want your email.

> That doesn't work: the spammer will get a shill to sign up with your
ISP and claim he _wants_ the spam.

That's ONLY a problem if the decision is made by the ISP and applies to all 
recipients.

Once the recipient has the control, then THEY can set the filter as close or as 
open as they want, based on which of their recipients they trust and expect to 
send them what (type and content of mail).  

One could even envision, for example, a scheme whereby an E-mail from a given 
whitelisted sender would only be trusted IF it contained one of a small set of 
internal "keys" in it, specific to that sender, perhaps in the header or even in 
the mail body:  the sender's habitual signature file, what E-mail program they 
use, their IP address in the header (for users with fixed IP addresses) or some 
such.  

In any case, the result of doing this RIGHT is that the shill signing up for the 
ISP will accomplish absolutely NOTHING, since THEY are the only ones who will 
receive the spammer's crap...!  The shill's permissions and demands won't affect 
ANY other recipient.

Gordon Peterson                  http://personal.terabites.com/
1977-2002  Twenty-fifth anniversary year of Local Area Networking!
Support free and fair US elections!  http://stickers.defend-democracy.org
12/19/98: Partisan Republicans scornfully ignore the voters they "represent".
12/09/00: the date the Republican Party took down democracy in America.



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From asrg-bounces@ietf.org  Thu Dec 23 17:01:13 2004
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[snip]

>> and (3) that spammers will continue to be able 
> to recruit zombie spambot armies to do their mailings for them.

> That's certainly likely for the foreseeable future.

It depends entirely on how long it takes people to decide to tackle the problem 
in a determined way.

>> First off, I believe that a fine-grained permissions list (with
> permissions based on who messages come from, along with what the
> nature of the contents of those messages are) and which by default
> will not allow either "large", HTML or attachments from untrusted
> senders, together will virtually eliminate E-mail as an effective
> vector for recruiting spambot zombie armies (it will in fact
> virtually eliminate the efficacy of sending worms and viruses in
> E-mail messages).

> In order for it to eliminate zombies, it has to be implemented by
_everybody else_.  That's not going to happen.

Well, yes and no.

I agree that you probably won't eliminate 100% of the vulnerability, but at some 
point the remainder doesn't much matter.  The issue is whether the vulnerability 
is widespread enough to ATTEMPT to exploit it.

It also depends on how quickly such a fine-grained permissions list approach is 
accepted and installed.  Obviously, if Microsoft were to include something like 
this in Outlook and Outlook Express by default, it would be much more effective 
and much sooner than if Infopoint or some other small software company were to 
try to market it as an addon package.  

>> Secondly, making HTML-burdened E-mail acceptance CONTINGENT upon the
> sender being whitelisted by the recipient

> You're assuming that you can tell whether or not the _recipient's_ MUA
will attempt to interpret a message as HTML.

It doesn't much matter.  Most spammers don't know, either, what specific E-mail 
client program a destination address is using.  Nor do they care, in fact.  
Again, this is the sort of thing that a recipient ought to have some control 
over... just how aggressive (or not) such a filter ought to be in their incoming 
messages.

>> Third, making spam filtering more effective and harder to defeat or
> evade will dramatically reduce the payback to spammers, and the
> payback is what motivates spamming in the first place.

> For some spammers, maybe.  Many others sell their services, and the
worldwide shortage of suckers is not expected soon.

It won't take long for the word to get around that spamming doesn't work 
anymore, and that some types work dramatically less well than others.

>>>and a fabuously complex
>>spam filter control panel that almost nobody will use, 

>> Oh, that's TRULY rubbish.  While obviously it would be CONCEIVABLE
> to implement such a filter in a stupid and clumsy way, a reasonable
> implementation could make this VERY user-friendly (far more
> user-friendly, in fact, than typical "security permissions" for NTFS
> file systems).

> Prove it.  Come up with a reasonable implementation that my mother can
handle.

I'll be GLAD to do that, and I'll even bring it to release-ready, if you'll fund 
the development.  :-)

The point is that this is IMPLEMENTATION-DEPENDENT, and does not need to be part 
of a "best practices" advisory.  Some companies are hugely better at 
"human-engineering" software products than others are;  given that, we don't 
have to concern ourselves HERE with the fact that some of them might not do a 
terrific job of it.

>>>ISPs tell me that when they have crummy filters that leak a lot of
>>spam, people are constantly asking to be able to tune the filters.

>> The fact is that users who are able to simply and easily control
> THEIR OWN spam filtering, using techniques which are understandable
> and logical, are less likely to require as much ISP support.

> As spammers learn to evade those controls, the ISP has to upgrade
them.

I'd be surprised if ANY system didn't continue to evolve, just as the threats 
evolve that it's intended to counter.

Again, though, I'll point out that once you default to "no attachments, no HTML" 
in E-mails from unlisted senders, you don't leave the spammers much room to 
evade much of anything, at least as far as their E-mail content goes.

I will *freely* admit that the battleground will then most likely move to 
malicious Web content and browser-based attacks, rather than spam E-mails... but 
that IS a different battle, and we don't have to fight that one HERE.

>>> The user has still made a clear decision - one to delegate their right
>> to accept/refuse to the ISP. As long as the ISP's contract makes this
>> clear, then I believe there's no difference in the 2 cases. 

>> Sounds good, until the "spammer" can find a case (even just ONE)
> where the intended recipient actually WANTED the E-mail in question,
> and said user didn't feel they had in fact granted their ISP the
> 'right' to MIS-BLOCK mail that the user actually wanted.

> Then the ISP show the contract the user agreed to, and the law
granting it immunity.

There are a LOT of contracts which judges end up NOT holding as enforceable.

But whatever.

>>> The user can exercise choice by switching to an ISP which allows greater
>> control by its users (and as John has pointed out, probably charges a
>> premium to cover the costs of offering that control).

>> I think you're being far, far too presumptuous about the
> practicality of switching to a different ISP.  Maybe you haven't
> been paying attention, but the ISP world has been consolidating (and
> especially if we're talking about broadband type services... okay,
> yes, dialup ISPs are more plentiful).

> Mail Service Providers are growing.  They don't have to provide
Internet access; some people prefer buying unbundled services.

Many ISPs try (hard) to prevent their customers using other mail service 
providers.  Agreed that they are not likely to be totally successful at that.

Gordon Peterson                  http://personal.terabites.com/
1977-2002  Twenty-fifth anniversary year of Local Area Networking!
Support free and fair US elections!  http://stickers.defend-democracy.org
12/19/98: Partisan Republicans scornfully ignore the voters they "represent".
12/09/00: the date the Republican Party took down democracy in America.



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> I've been hit by 1500 zombie pc's simultaneously pumping the same
exact spam at us.

> How cheap does cheap have to be to deal with an attack like that?

At SOME point, this is more a DDOS attack than a spam issue... although if we go 
after unwanted/untrusted attachments and HTML, we will go a long way towards 
solving the problem (at least for E-mail vectors) of recruiting these zombie 
spambots.

There is clearly NO (local) solution for DDOS attacks, because by the time they 
arrive at your entrance portal the damage has already been done.


Gordon Peterson                  http://personal.terabites.com/
1977-2002  Twenty-fifth anniversary year of Local Area Networking!
Support free and fair US elections!  http://stickers.defend-democracy.org
12/19/98: Partisan Republicans scornfully ignore the voters they "represent".
12/09/00: the date the Republican Party took down democracy in America.



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From asrg-bounces@ietf.org  Thu Dec 23 17:17:01 2004
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>> push the message storage to the user end (where it probably ought to be) 

> Why is that?

1)  Scaleability.  There is far more aggregate processing power and aggregate 
disk space available within the user community to store messages than within any 
of the ISPs own data centers.

2)  Cost.  Both disk space and CPU cycles are probably cheaper at most end-user 
machines, too... most users probably have cheap(er) IDE disk drives, while many 
ISPs could be using RAID arrays or (more likely) mirrored SCSI drives, which are 
generally more expensive per gig than end-user stuff is.  By the same token, 
high-end high-performance server systems usually cost more per CPU cycle than 
cheaper end-user-grade stuff does.  So not only is it CHEAPER in total for 
storage and processing at the user end, but user=end processing is INFINITELY 
easier from the ISP perspective, since it's then the user's pocketbook paying 
for it. 

3)  Responsibility.  Once the message is handed off to the destination user, the 
ISP no longer has to worry about it.  If they hang onto it, they have to still 
worry about backups, possible restoration, improper access, loss due to system 
crashes, fire, natural disasters, intrustion, etc etc.

4)  Control.  Once the user has picked up their E-mail, what they do with it 
after that is THEIR OWN choice, and the ISP simply isn't involved.  The user can 
process, store, delete, reroute, or whatever else they want... and if they want 
to let 200Gb of mail stack up in their Inbox, because that style suits them, 
they can do so.  The ISP doesn't have to care anymore.

Gordon Peterson                  http://personal.terabites.com/
1977-2002  Twenty-fifth anniversary year of Local Area Networking!
Support free and fair US elections!  http://stickers.defend-democracy.org
12/19/98: Partisan Republicans scornfully ignore the voters they "represent".
12/09/00: the date the Republican Party took down democracy in America.



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From asrg-bounces@ietf.org  Thu Dec 23 17:26:39 2004
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> And the invalid user query is a database hit (40 million+ users and
those keep changing very rapidly).

First, relatively few ISPs have valid username lists totalling 40+ million 
usernames.

Even if they did, and if they average 12 bytes each, that's only maybe 500Mb of 
RAM... about $50 worth.

It would be relatively trivial to put in (as another poster suggested) a proxy 
server or other special-purpose machine which had a RAM copy of this list 
(probably hashed) which could be queried virtually instantaneously... it could 
(given the very low CPU requirement) even be a co-resident task on the mail 
server machine.(which would at least eliminate the excess inter-machine 
communication overhead, too).  So it's not like the mail server has to go off 
and do a grunt-slow Oracle search or something to verify a good E-mail 
address...!

Even if the ISP used a traditional database for their subscriber list, nothing 
would prevent them from also sending a message (even by E-mail!) to update the 
mail server when subscriber E-mail address information changes.

So anyhow, I -really- don't see this is a big deal.

Gordon Peterson                  http://personal.terabites.com/
1977-2002  Twenty-fifth anniversary year of Local Area Networking!
Support free and fair US elections!  http://stickers.defend-democracy.org
12/19/98: Partisan Republicans scornfully ignore the voters they "represent".
12/09/00: the date the Republican Party took down democracy in America.



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From asrg-bounces@ietf.org  Thu Dec 23 18:12:20 2004
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Somebody wrote, among other things, about how much storage space spam was
costing them.

Email should be changed so that the contents of a email lives on the
sender's server until it is retrieved by the recipient.

It shifts the storage costs to the sender, especially the big sender, and
forces some kind of accountability onto the sender and/or the sender's ISP.
An email with foged headers to non-existent servers will not be read.

It does break the much-revered model that makes the Internet resistant to a
Nuclear Attack but spam (and its sisters - worms and viruses) pose a greater
danger than the threat of Nuclear War.

Jed Margolin


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From asrg-bounces@ietf.org  Thu Dec 23 18:13:09 2004
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But the problem with a goal of every end-user running a mail server is
that they're not generally prepared to be "always on" which can create
various problems including bouncebacks, must keep their own servers
functional which thus far tends to be very difficult, additionally
must keep any domain mapping functional which only complicates matters
further, and must deal with all sorts of problems including spammers
and their ilk flooding their server into uselessness, managing backup
servers, possibly load-balancing, having to have roughly peak-usage
bandwidth and resources or suffer the consequences, etc etc etc.

But a mailbox via pop or imap is just an authentication, a lock and a
basically one or more file transfers, plus or minus, and is quite
forgiving of all kinds of subtleties.

I think end-to-end for email was a nice idea in the far distant past
but it's become a dead dodo for the vast majority of customers who
would just as soon be CUSTOMERS of all those complexities I mention
rather than service providers.

At any rate, I don't know that it really matters since whatever is
adopted to fight spam coming out of a forum such as this can be
utilized by, to quote one of Lily Tomlin's characters, Kings and
Queens right down to the Scum of the Earth.

I guess the only major difference is that if we presume that anything
proposed must work in an end to end environment inclusive of, e.g.,
home users, then it would need to scale down to smaller per
transaction resources and a level of simplicity that people with very
limited interest can quickly and easily grasp (e.g., automatable to a
very high degree.)

Of course, then the PDP-11 and Atari/ST users will show up demanding
that their systems be taken into full account...

I know, we'll wave that hand when we get to it.

-- 
        -Barry Shein

Software Tool & Die    | bzs@TheWorld.com           | http://www.TheWorld.com
Purveyors to the Trade | Voice: 617-739-0202        | Login: 617-739-WRLD
The World              | Public Access Internet     | Since 1989     *oo*

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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Spam, defined, and permissions
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On December 23, 2004 at 21:10 gep2@terabites.com (gep2@terabites.com) wrote:
 > So, in that case, if we presume that the sample is representative, that would 
 > suggest that the total storage used in spam folders is about 6Gb (so maybe $6 
 > worth of mirrored disk space, purchase cost).  Certainly doesn't sound excessive 
 > to me.

It's as sensible to speak of managed disk space in terms of commodity
disk prices as it is to speak of office space rental costs measured
exclusively by the floor covering used (e.g., price per sq foot should
be about the same as the cost per sq foot of linoleum.)

If there is any doubt about that go buy whatever disk you like and
stick it in your lap and stop being concerned about what ISPs charge.

Obviously a disk sitting in your lap (no I didn't say laptop) is not a
very useful thing.

So some sort of value has been added to that disk.

That added value probably exceeds the underlying cost of the disk
manifold.

It includes system staff, support staff, management, general business
costs (e.g., taxes), backups, service contracts, climate control,
rent, disk controllers and the systems they're hooked up to, network
and network infrastructure, WAN connection(s), and god forbid maybe
even a little profit.

But to compare disk space at ISPs as being worth about $1/GB bypasses
reality quite cleanly and completely.

-- 
        -Barry Shein

Software Tool & Die    | bzs@TheWorld.com           | http://www.TheWorld.com
Purveyors to the Trade | Voice: 617-739-0202        | Login: 617-739-WRLD
The World              | Public Access Internet     | Since 1989     *oo*

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From: Devdas Bhagat <devdas@dvb.homelinux.org>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Spam, defined, and permissions
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On 23/12/04 15:04 -0800, Jed Margolin wrote:
> Somebody wrote, among other things, about how much storage space spam was
> costing them.
> 
> Email should be changed so that the contents of a email lives on the
> sender's server until it is retrieved by the recipient.

Uhm, and if the recipient and sender are on dialup and never online at
the same time? The mail should stay on the ISPs server? And then how
does the ISP know that it is really the recipient polling for new mail?

Devdas Bhagat

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"Jed Margolin" <jmsml2@jmargolin.com> wrote:

> Email should be changed so that the contents of a email lives on the
> sender's server until it is retrieved by the recipient.

That was suggested a long time ago.  It works OK for lots of
situations, but not so well for legitimate senders without full-time
servers.

Seth

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On 23/12/04 03:56 +0000, gep2@terabites.com wrote:
<snip>
Your MUA is breakling threads and quoting. Please fix.
> 
> Typical spam messages (once you strip the HTML garbage out of them) tend to
> be 1K-5K bytes long.  So even if they were all 5K, you're talking about
> storing something like 200,000 spam E-mail messages (for however long the 
> user bothers to keep them before they finally purge them, either actively
> or by simple timeout) for about ONE DOLLAR.

I however, would be looking at the network costs of accepting that data
in the first place. If you say that a message on disk is 5K and the
transactional overhead is 1K, you are looking at an increase of 5 times
the traffic by volume for spam. Now consider that you are speaking of
stripping a 15KB mail to 5KB, implying that you will be accepting that
15K of traffic in the first place.
And for any non trivial mail server, you are looking at massively
expanding CPU capacity to deal with the traffic volume (hint, mail
servers are optimised for disk and memory access, not CPU).

> 
> So what's with all this crap about it being so onerous to "accept and store" 
> this stuff?

The store part is bad enough. The accept part is where the really scary
and costly things happen. 

To draw an analogy to information security, your ideal goal is to
prevent malicious traffic from getting in as far down the stack as
possible. You do not want to allow traffic in and hope that malicious
traffic is caught and rejected by your IPS, you want the firewall at the
edge to stop it. Apply the same logic.

> As for TEMPORARY E-mail storage (say at a POP3 server), mind you that it is
> the ISPs themselves who create that monster by trying to discourage users
> from setting up their own POP3 servers (which in fact is extremely simple
> to do, if you have a machine which is online and running essentially all
> the time).

The "running all the time" is what /users/ down't want to do.

Devdas Bhagat

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Devdas Bhagat <devdas@dvb.homelinux.org> wrote:
> On 23/12/04 15:04 -0800, Jed Margolin wrote:

>> Email should be changed so that the contents of a email lives on the
>> sender's server until it is retrieved by the recipient.
>
> Uhm, and if the recipient and sender are on dialup and never online at
> the same time? The mail should stay on the ISPs server?

Right.

> And then how does the ISP know that it is really the recipient
> polling for new mail?

The technical problems are easy.  In this case, what gets sent is a
long key, so anybody who has it can be presumed to have received it
legitimately (or at least have access to the recipient's email, so
this method is no less secure than current email).

Seth

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> But the problem with a goal of every end-user running a mail server is
that they're not generally prepared to be "always on"...

Let's consider an intermediate stage... where the user has a local POP3 mail 
"server" which is ONLY used to feed mail to their E-mail client software.  That 
mail server can be "fed" by a local POP3 client (perhaps running as a batch 
process) which retrieves E-mail from the customer's ISP-provided POP3 mailboxes 
and transfers it for further holding within their own private "mail server" and 
their own private mail boxes.  (Note that in this case, they don't need to worry 
about directly receiving E-mail from network addresses, so such a private server 
will run just fine behind NAT, firewalls, or other ISP 'server' restrictions).

Among other advantages, this allows the user to have essentially unlimited local 
E-mail addresses, and can create their own "quarantine" mailboxes (for example) 
and handle those however they like.

There are numerous freeware E-mail clients that are suitable for such use, but 
one which works (and works well in this sort of operation, as it turns out) is 
EMWAC.

> ...which can create various problems including bouncebacks, 

Bouncebacks don't have to occur (and don't occur) in an operation like I'm 
talking about.

> ...must keep their own servers functional which thus far tends to be very 
difficult, 

EMWAC is essentially about as problem-free as a program can be.  Once you get it 
set up (which, admittedly, COULD be made easier) you pretty much can forget 
about it.  It just sits there and works.

> ...additionally must keep any domain mapping functional which only complicates 
matters further, 

If your private "server" doesn't have to accept mail directly from sender mail 
servers on a demand basis, then domain mapping isn't an issue either.  This 
means that these can run even behind NAT and with a dynamic IP address.

> ...and must deal with all sorts of problems including spammers
and their ilk flooding their server into uselessness, 

There is essentially zero additional risk of flooding compared to having your 
own mailbox at an ISP, if the mail server is not directly accessible from the 
outside.  Certainly you COULD have your ISP-provided ('staging') mailbox(es) 
overflow if some spammer shoves stuff into it faster than you can empty it, but 
that could happen even if you weren't running a local 'server'.  And DDOS 
attacks, of course, are likewise a danger no matter WHAT you're running locally.

> ...managing backup servers, possibly load-balancing, 

Don't be ridiculous, those are ISP-level issues but don't enter into things for 
individual private users.

> ...having to have roughly peak-usage bandwidth and resources or suffer the 
consequences, 

The "consequences" are not generally serious.  At some point, stuff COULD back 
up to the sender (but that could always happen, anyhow, and good networks have 
to provide for that possibility).

> etc etc etc.

> But a mailbox via pop or imap is just an authentication, a lock and a
basically one or more file transfers, plus or minus, and is quite
forgiving of all kinds of subtleties.

Yes, and indeed that does not preclude transferring the mail upon receipt into 
another, private, entirely local mail server (and one that does not have to deal 
with resource limitations imposed by ISPs).

> I think end-to-end for email was a nice idea in the far distant past
but it's become a dead dodo for the vast majority of customers who
would just as soon be CUSTOMERS of all those complexities I mention
rather than service providers.

Certainly there are a lot of clueless users out there, and most of those don't 
need more complexity.  On the other hand, modern software design is heavily 
based on hiding (and not necessarily eliminating) a lot of internal complexity 
so that clueless users can use their computers.  

> At any rate, I don't know that it really matters since whatever is
adopted to fight spam coming out of a forum such as this can be
utilized by, to quote one of Lily Tomlin's characters, Kings and
Queens right down to the Scum of the Earth.

Sure.

> I guess the only major difference is that if we presume that anything
proposed must work in an end to end environment inclusive of, e.g.,
home users, then it would need to scale down to smaller per
transaction resources and a level of simplicity that people with very
limited interest can quickly and easily grasp (e.g., automatable to a
very high degree.)

Yes.  But I don't see that as a huge problem.

> Of course, then the PDP-11 and Atari/ST users will show up demanding
that their systems be taken into full account...

And they will be, possibly, but that doesn't mean that WE have to supply their 
software for them... and everything they're already (presumably happily) using 
today ought to still be able to work within the new framework.

> I know, we'll wave that hand when we get to it.

Or they will.  :-)

Gordon Peterson                  http://personal.terabites.com/
1977-2002  Twenty-fifth anniversary year of Local Area Networking!
Support free and fair US elections!  http://stickers.defend-democracy.org
12/19/98: Partisan Republicans scornfully ignore the voters they "represent".
12/09/00: the date the Republican Party took down democracy in America.



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Subject: RE: [Asrg] SICS
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>> The biggest, best move would be if we could get Microsoft 
>> onboard, and/or some 
>> company able to produce something that would piggyback onto 
>> Outlook and Outlook 
>> Express.
 
>> That would be the best way to make the biggest impact, the fastest.

>They're already in, at a much higher level. 

Well, they are, but only half-heartedly at this point.  Their typical approach 
is to enable the user to block certain kinds of things, although the 
restrictions feature is presently mostly unusable... if you need to be able to 
accept HTML or ActiveX or attachments from ANY SINGLE sender, then you end up 
having to basically turn it on globally.

If they'd set up finer gradations on what the user is willing to accept, AND 
then to make those permissions variable, based upon who the sender is... then 
they'd be a lot closer to the technique I believe in.

>Of course, the more
>secure they make their products, the less they will be exploited, but,
>there will *always* be exploits -- there will always be bots, IMHO.

Sure, but by slashing unexpected attachments and HTML, we can SLASH the arrival 
of worms and viruses in E-mail, to something very nearly approaching zero.  And 
we could do that much EASILY.  And it doesn't require ANY major global E-mail 
infrastructure changes, nor does it require loading new antivirus files every 60 
minutes.

(In fact, MY approach would also block most viruses and worms in E-mail EVEN 
BEFORE *ANY* ANTIVIRUS PRODUCT was able to detect it...!)

Gordon Peterson                  http://personal.terabites.com/
1977-2002  Twenty-fifth anniversary year of Local Area Networking!
Support free and fair US elections!  http://stickers.defend-democracy.org
12/19/98: Partisan Republicans scornfully ignore the voters they "represent".
12/09/00: the date the Republican Party took down democracy in America.



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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Spam, defined, and permissions
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On Thu, 23 Dec 2004, Barry Shein <bzs@world.std.com> wrote:
>
>On December 23, 2004 at 21:10 gep2@terabites.com (gep2@terabites.com) wrote:
> > So, in that case, if we presume that the sample is representative, that 
would 
> > suggest that the total storage used in spam folders is about 6Gb (so maybe 
$6 
> > worth of mirrored disk space, purchase cost).  Certainly doesn't sound 
excessive 
> > to me.

>It's as sensible to speak of managed disk space in terms of commodity
>disk prices as it is to speak of office space rental costs measured
>exclusively by the floor covering used (e.g., price per sq foot should
>be about the same as the cost per sq foot of linoleum.)
>
>If there is any doubt about that go buy whatever disk you like and
>stick it in your lap and stop being concerned about what ISPs charge.
>
>Obviously a disk sitting in your lap (no I didn't say laptop) is not a
>very useful thing.
>
>So some sort of value has been added to that disk.

Fine, but most or all of that "value added" is more than adequately covered by 
the price that the ISP is charging their customer.  The service the CUSTOMER is 
paying for is the whole package of what the ISP does, including storing and 
forwarding the customer's mail.

The difference of storing, verus not storing, the spam or whatever is 
INCREMENTALLY the difference in the cost of the hard drive space used to store 
it.  And that's my point... that the price of (even) an extra terabyte of 
mirrored hard disk space is about $1K, which truly is NOT significant in terms 
of what the ISP's overall operating/capital expenses are.

So all this whinging about the disk space involved is really awfully silly.

>That added value probably exceeds the underlying cost of the disk
>manifold.

Of course, but the INCREMENTAL cost is what we're talking about, and the 
INCREMENTAL cost of disk storage is NOT reflected in any significant way in an 
incremental cost of the other expenses the ISP has... office rental, charitable 
donations, utilities, personnel, and so forth... and MIGHT even result in a 
SAVINGS given that it gives the ISP a material and relevant point that might set 
them aside from the competition, giving them product/service differentiation and 
perhaps actually REDUCING the money they have to spend on marketing to attract 
new customers, and retain existing ones.  

>It includes system staff, support staff, management, general business
>costs (e.g., taxes), backups, service contracts, climate control,
>rent, disk controllers and the systems they're hooked up to, network
>and network infrastructure, WAN connection(s), and god forbid maybe
>even a little profit.

But in ANY case, $1K more or less simply isn't a big deal in terms of ISP 
capital investment, so there's little or no reason for us to worry significantly 
about it *here*.  Other things we commonly discuss here have MUCH more 
significant operating cost and support cost implications.

>But to compare disk space at ISPs as being worth about $1/GB bypasses
>reality quite cleanly and completely.

Perhaps, but that's still the INCREMENTAL cost, and that's what matters for OUR 
purposes here (i.e. comparing two approaches which might use slightly more or 
slightly less disk space).

Gordon Peterson                  http://personal.terabites.com/
1977-2002  Twenty-fifth anniversary year of Local Area Networking!
Support free and fair US elections!  http://stickers.defend-democracy.org
12/19/98: Partisan Republicans scornfully ignore the voters they "represent".
12/09/00: the date the Republican Party took down democracy in America.



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On Dec 23 2004, Barry Shein wrote:
> 
> On December 23, 2004 at 16:04 laird@lbreyer.com (Laird Breyer) wrote:
>  > BTW, the proxy scenario I gave above isn't intended to be a ready
>  > solution, rather it's an argument to prop up my claim that handling
>  > the invalid requests can be handled scalably.
> 
> All I get from it is that an in-memory hash or other fast lookup
> algorithm, if it's not being used already, might speed up response
> time assuming that your model improves on the resources which are
> actually strapped.

I'm sure this sort of thing is being used already where needed.
However, it addresses scalability because each handled request uses up
a fixed amount of resources (bounded number of processing
instructions, fixed memory, I/O channels) independent of the number of
users or the number of queries. So there's not going to be a slow down
with size. Moreover, it's clearly a parallelizable concept.

> 
> That doesn't address scalability, it just shifts the knee of the curve
> much like a faster CPU or more memory might.

Yes, it shifts the burden of spawning full-fledged SMTP sessions onto
the subset of valid requests. The question is whether the resulting
cost of handling an invalid request is so insignificant with off the
shelf hardware to allow orders of magnitude more requests than your
current full fledged SMTP. I believe it is in this case.

So we don't need to argue that invalid requests are as difficult to
address as spam sent to valid users, which is all I'm trying to
convince you of. Put differently, so long as (invalid user) requests
are a constant couple orders of magnitude more than (valid user)
requests, they are a pure optimization problem. If however the invalid
requests do grow exponentially compared to the valid requests, the
above won't work.

> 
> Scalability has to address:
> 
> a) The critical resource(s)
> b) Permutational effects
> 
> Where (b) is often subtle and significant. For example, if you use N
> servers you have to load balance between them. How does that
> decision-making scale as N increases. It's often somewhere between
> O(N^2) and O(N!).

Come on, for practical purposes you're not looking for the optimum,
just a local optimum so the big oh isn't as bad as you suggest. 

The load involved in censoring invalid user SMTP requests is going to
be purely I/O bound, since the picture I painted clearly won't tax the
CPU. Each system can handle so many simultaneous socket connections,
and each such connection is going to cost a nearly identical amount of
resources as any other connection. 

So I doubt you'll need complex load balancing. Just pick a server at
random for each request. This is different from full fledged SMTP
because with SMTP, the total resources needed will vary according to
the input, so the resultant load varies too. You will still need to load
balance your real SMTP servers.

> 
> At any rate, as fascinating as some might find it I sincerely don't
> believe the problem with spam, even at the ingress, is going to be
> solved or even ameliorated for very long by some improvement in
> recipient validity processing.
> 
> It's like someone breaking your windows unchallenged and someone says
> I know, let's find cheaper ways to make window panes!
> 
> It helps no doubt but somehow misses the point, including whether the
> cost is in the panes or installing the panes, etc.

Well, if you're going to start with window analogies, I've got one too ;-) 

You're saying we can't just worry about someone breaking the windows,
we also need to worry about those who try and fail, because they leave
scratches. I'm saying make your windows scratch proof (cheaply) and then
only bother with people who actually break the windows. There's enough
window-breakers to keep us occupied.

-- 
Laird Breyer.

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Subject: Re: [Asrg] SICS
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On Dec 23 2004, gep2@terabites.com wrote:
> > I've been hit by 1500 zombie pc's simultaneously pumping the same
> exact spam at us.
> 
> > How cheap does cheap have to be to deal with an attack like that?
> 
> At SOME point, this is more a DDOS attack than a spam
> issue... although if we go after unwanted/untrusted attachments and
> HTML, we will go a long way towards solving the problem (at least
> for E-mail vectors) of recruiting these zombie spambots.

That's the whole point. Spammers are DDOSing the SMTP servers. We're
discussing ways to protect against such DDOS attacks. But looking at
message contents is useless - by the time your SMTP server gets to see
the message, the resources are committed. 

> There is clearly NO (local) solution for DDOS attacks, because by
> the time they arrive at your entrance portal the damage has already
> been done.

Available information before that point is limited. You can refuse to
accept the connection based on IP address, or you can accept the
connection tentatively and do some cheap lookups. Before the message
DATA arrives, you have three pieces of information: a HELO (or EHLO)
identification string, the MAIL and RCPT strings (There's also VRFY or
EXPN but keep it simple).  Once the DATA command is used, the
connection is no longer cheap, because the data can be arbitrarily
long, and doing any sort of analysis on it will cost unpredictable
resources anyway. So discussing body analysis is irrelevant for this
problem.

-- 
Laird Breyer.

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From: Laird Breyer <laird@lbreyer.com>
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] SICS
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On Dec 23 2004, Devdas Bhagat wrote:
> On 23/12/04 16:04 +1000, Laird Breyer wrote:
> <snip>
> > Either way, let's take Devdas Bhagat's statistics 
> > 
> > http://nixcartel.org/~devdas/minute.png
> > 
> > I don't know if these numbers include invalid users or not, but let's
> > say 60K invalid requests per minute, and another 10K valid requests.
> 
> The breakup is very roughly 25% invalid users, 25% DNSBLs and 50% local
> IP blocks.
> And the invalid user query is a database hit (40 million+ users and
> those keep changing very rapidly).

Right, 15K invalid database hits per minute. What I'm proposing needs a fairly
static list, as that's what is needed to build a quick lookup table (here
quick means you can find out your answer in n character comparisons and jumps
, where n is the number of characters in the email address, independent of the
total number of users. This would also work for IP addresses).

While your 40 million user database has constant activity, I presume the 
vast majority of usernames have a long lifetime, a few days at least. 
So if you build username snapshots at fixed intervals, then users would have
to wait a little for their new address to become "live" etc.



-- 
Laird Breyer.

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Laird Breyer <laird@lbreyer.com> wrote:

> While your 40 million user database has constant activity, I presume
> the vast majority of usernames have a long lifetime, a few days at
> least.  So if you build username snapshots at fixed intervals, then
> users would have to wait a little for their new address to become
> "live" etc.

If you're willing to suffer a _few_ false positives on the filtering,
and do a little more arithmetic, you can do better.  Construct some
number of hash functions whose output is an address that holds 1 bit.
Hash each email address with each function, and turn the pointed-at
bit on.  When email comes in, apply all the hash functions and check
the pointed-at bits.  If they're all on, pass the message through.

A new user gets turned on immediately, by turning on the necessary
bits in the table.  A deleted user doesn't go away until the next full
rebuild.  There's a small chance (depends on hash table size, number
of hash functions, number of valid email addresses) of a random
address being accepted due to collisions, but this can be made
acceptably small.  (Using a parameterized set of hash functions allows
them to be changed every rebuild, to avoid the chance that a commonly
attacked bad address passes.)

Seth

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Gordon Peterson:
>>> push the message storage to the user end (where it probably ought to
>be)
>
>
>> Why is that?
>
>1) Scaleability. There is far more aggregate processing power and
>aggregate
>disk space available within the user community to store messages than
>within any
>of the ISPs own data centers.
>

While this may be true, such an approach might *consume* more of these
resources (and bandwidth) than would rejection upstream. i.e. you'd have to
do a lot of figuring to convince me that n GB at end user is cheaper than m
GB further upstream, given that we know very little about the values of n,m
.


>2) Cost. Both disk space and CPU cycles are probably cheaper at most
>end-user
>machines, too... most users probably have cheap(er) IDE disk drives, >

Well, yes, but this (and the bandwidth) becomes an extra cost of mail
service. Is this what end-users want? Would they pay (perhaps more) for
something else? Also, see the point about *consumption* above. It's all
very well hypothesising about costs, but some consideration of potential
benefits would go well here. Remember that the MTS is supposed to offer
service to a very wide range of end-user hardware (and pockets).
  


>3) Responsibility. 
Obviously attractive to an ISP in certain circumstances, but it's not just
the ISP view we're considering here.

>4) Control. 

Indeed, but this isn't an argument against user control being implemented
upstream.

It seems to me that your position amounts to saying that we (the community)
don't have a spam problem, end-users have a spam problem.
Is this right?



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From: "Hannigan, Martin" <hannigan@verisign.com>
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Spam, defined, and permissions
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Why does everyone want to over complicate the problem?

First 100 emails out or in are free, beyond that, there's a fee. If its too
expensive to spam, they'll stop. This, IMHO, is the only way to stop them.
Follow a telco billing model and "exchange" mail minutes. Its doable if the
ROI is there. Create a tiered service structure.

Adding more software, more hardware, and more components, won't stop it.

Cheers,

Martin
---
Martin Hannigan
hannigan@verisign.com
Verisign, Inc.


-----Original Message-----
From: asrg-bounces@ietf.org <asrg-bounces@ietf.org>
To: asrg@ietf.org <asrg@ietf.org>
Sent: Thu Dec 23 16:34:46 2004
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Spam, defined, and permissions

> But the problem with a goal of every end-user running a mail server is
that they're not generally prepared to be "always on"...

Let's consider an intermediate stage... where the user has a local POP3 mail

"server" which is ONLY used to feed mail to their E-mail client software.
That 
mail server can be "fed" by a local POP3 client (perhaps running as a batch 
process) which retrieves E-mail from the customer's ISP-provided POP3
mailboxes 
and transfers it for further holding within their own private "mail server"
and 
their own private mail boxes.  (Note that in this case, they don't need to
worry 
about directly receiving E-mail from network addresses, so such a private
server 
will run just fine behind NAT, firewalls, or other ISP 'server'
restrictions).

Among other advantages, this allows the user to have essentially unlimited
local 
E-mail addresses, and can create their own "quarantine" mailboxes (for
example) 
and handle those however they like.

There are numerous freeware E-mail clients that are suitable for such use,
but 
one which works (and works well in this sort of operation, as it turns out)
is 
EMWAC.

> ...which can create various problems including bouncebacks, 

Bouncebacks don't have to occur (and don't occur) in an operation like I'm 
talking about.

> ...must keep their own servers functional which thus far tends to be very 
difficult, 

EMWAC is essentially about as problem-free as a program can be.  Once you
get it 
set up (which, admittedly, COULD be made easier) you pretty much can forget 
about it.  It just sits there and works.

> ...additionally must keep any domain mapping functional which only
complicates 
matters further, 

If your private "server" doesn't have to accept mail directly from sender
mail 
servers on a demand basis, then domain mapping isn't an issue either.  This 
means that these can run even behind NAT and with a dynamic IP address.

> ...and must deal with all sorts of problems including spammers
and their ilk flooding their server into uselessness, 

There is essentially zero additional risk of flooding compared to having
your 
own mailbox at an ISP, if the mail server is not directly accessible from
the 
outside.  Certainly you COULD have your ISP-provided ('staging') mailbox(es)

overflow if some spammer shoves stuff into it faster than you can empty it,
but 
that could happen even if you weren't running a local 'server'.  And DDOS 
attacks, of course, are likewise a danger no matter WHAT you're running
locally.

> ...managing backup servers, possibly load-balancing, 

Don't be ridiculous, those are ISP-level issues but don't enter into things
for 
individual private users.

> ...having to have roughly peak-usage bandwidth and resources or suffer the

consequences, 

The "consequences" are not generally serious.  At some point, stuff COULD
back 
up to the sender (but that could always happen, anyhow, and good networks
have 
to provide for that possibility).

> etc etc etc.

> But a mailbox via pop or imap is just an authentication, a lock and a
basically one or more file transfers, plus or minus, and is quite
forgiving of all kinds of subtleties.

Yes, and indeed that does not preclude transferring the mail upon receipt
into 
another, private, entirely local mail server (and one that does not have to
deal 
with resource limitations imposed by ISPs).

> I think end-to-end for email was a nice idea in the far distant past
but it's become a dead dodo for the vast majority of customers who
would just as soon be CUSTOMERS of all those complexities I mention
rather than service providers.

Certainly there are a lot of clueless users out there, and most of those
don't 
need more complexity.  On the other hand, modern software design is heavily 
based on hiding (and not necessarily eliminating) a lot of internal
complexity 
so that clueless users can use their computers.  

> At any rate, I don't know that it really matters since whatever is
adopted to fight spam coming out of a forum such as this can be
utilized by, to quote one of Lily Tomlin's characters, Kings and
Queens right down to the Scum of the Earth.

Sure.

> I guess the only major difference is that if we presume that anything
proposed must work in an end to end environment inclusive of, e.g.,
home users, then it would need to scale down to smaller per
transaction resources and a level of simplicity that people with very
limited interest can quickly and easily grasp (e.g., automatable to a
very high degree.)

Yes.  But I don't see that as a huge problem.

> Of course, then the PDP-11 and Atari/ST users will show up demanding
that their systems be taken into full account...

And they will be, possibly, but that doesn't mean that WE have to supply
their 
software for them... and everything they're already (presumably happily)
using 
today ought to still be able to work within the new framework.

> I know, we'll wave that hand when we get to it.

Or they will.  :-)

Gordon Peterson                  http://personal.terabites.com/
1977-2002  Twenty-fifth anniversary year of Local Area Networking!
Support free and fair US elections!  http://stickers.defend-democracy.org
12/19/98: Partisan Republicans scornfully ignore the voters they
"represent".
12/09/00: the date the Republican Party took down democracy in America.



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From asrg-bounces@ietf.org  Fri Dec 24 15:05:02 2004
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"Hannigan, Martin" <hannigan@verisign.com> top-posted:

> Why does everyone want to over complicate the problem?
>
> First 100 emails out or in are free, beyond that, there's a fee.

So you're going to charge me more for _receiving_ spam?  I don't think
your ISP is going to succeed in the marketplace.

> If its too expensive to spam, they'll stop. This, IMHO, is the only
> way to stop them.  Follow a telco billing model and "exchange" mail
> minutes.

The spammers won't buy your measured service, either.

Seth

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Subject: Re: [Asrg] SICS
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>> That doesn't address scalability, it just shifts the knee of the
>> curve much like [sic] a faster CPU or more memory might.
> Yes, it shifts the burden of spawning full-fledged SMTP sessions onto
> the subset of valid requests.  The question is whether the resulting
> cost of handling an invalid request is so insignificant with off the
> shelf hardware to allow orders of magnitude more requests than your
> current full fledged SMTP.  I believe it is in this case.

It certainly was so when I implemented such a thing.

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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Spam, defined, and permissions
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I suspect what you describe is the future of mailing lists. It answers
the problem of "if email delivery were charged for then what happens
to all those free mailing lists with large distributions?"

Well, easy, subscribing will mean just picking up the current
edition/messages just like one might pick up their personal mail with
pop or imap, if . Closed mailing lists of course could require
password protection, etc.

A scheme like that, some refinements could be made, could solve that
problem relatively easily and entirely puts sub/unsub in the hands of
the subscriber which seems more right than the current practices.

This as another point EFF botched badly in their white paper. But then
if one's assumption is that their role is to demand nothing change and
funds must be found to pay for that (from others) then there's no need
to think very hard, any idiotic idea that transfers all costs to some
convenient target will do; gimme your finger, we gotta plug that dyke
or else everyone is gonna drown!

On December 23, 2004 at 15:04 jmsml2@jmargolin.com (Jed Margolin) wrote:
 > Somebody wrote, among other things, about how much storage space spam was
 > costing them.
 > 
 > Email should be changed so that the contents of a email lives on the
 > sender's server until it is retrieved by the recipient.
 > 
 > It shifts the storage costs to the sender, especially the big sender, and
 > forces some kind of accountability onto the sender and/or the sender's ISP.
 > An email with foged headers to non-existent servers will not be read.
 > 
 > It does break the much-revered model that makes the Internet resistant to a
 > Nuclear Attack but spam (and its sisters - worms and viruses) pose a greater
 > danger than the threat of Nuclear War.
 > 
 > Jed Margolin
 > 
 > 
 > _______________________________________________
 > Asrg mailing list
 > Asrg@ietf.org
 > https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg

-- 
        -Barry Shein

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How is this any different than just having an imap/pop (particularly
pop) account at an ISP?

Put another way, could you re-state the problem this is trying to
solve.

On December 24, 2004 at 00:34 gep2@terabites.com (gep2@terabites.com) wrote:
 > > But the problem with a goal of every end-user running a mail server is
 > that they're not generally prepared to be "always on"...
 > 
 > Let's consider an intermediate stage... where the user has a local POP3 mail 
 > "server" which is ONLY used to feed mail to their E-mail client software.  That 
 > mail server can be "fed" by a local POP3 client (perhaps running as a batch 
 > process) which retrieves E-mail from the customer's ISP-provided POP3 mailboxes 
 > and transfers it for further holding within their own private "mail server" and 
 > their own private mail boxes.  (Note that in this case, they don't need to worry 
 > about directly receiving E-mail from network addresses, so such a private server 
 > will run just fine behind NAT, firewalls, or other ISP 'server' restrictions).
 > 
 > Among other advantages, this allows the user to have essentially unlimited local 
 > E-mail addresses, and can create their own "quarantine" mailboxes (for example) 
 > and handle those however they like.
 > 
 > There are numerous freeware E-mail clients that are suitable for such use, but 
 > one which works (and works well in this sort of operation, as it turns out) is 
 > EMWAC.
 > 
 > > ...which can create various problems including bouncebacks, 
 > 
 > Bouncebacks don't have to occur (and don't occur) in an operation like I'm 
 > talking about.
 > 
 > > ...must keep their own servers functional which thus far tends to be very 
 > difficult, 
 > 
 > EMWAC is essentially about as problem-free as a program can be.  Once you get it 
 > set up (which, admittedly, COULD be made easier) you pretty much can forget 
 > about it.  It just sits there and works.
 > 
 > > ...additionally must keep any domain mapping functional which only complicates 
 > matters further, 
 > 
 > If your private "server" doesn't have to accept mail directly from sender mail 
 > servers on a demand basis, then domain mapping isn't an issue either.  This 
 > means that these can run even behind NAT and with a dynamic IP address.
 > 
 > > ...and must deal with all sorts of problems including spammers
 > and their ilk flooding their server into uselessness, 
 > 
 > There is essentially zero additional risk of flooding compared to having your 
 > own mailbox at an ISP, if the mail server is not directly accessible from the 
 > outside.  Certainly you COULD have your ISP-provided ('staging') mailbox(es) 
 > overflow if some spammer shoves stuff into it faster than you can empty it, but 
 > that could happen even if you weren't running a local 'server'.  And DDOS 
 > attacks, of course, are likewise a danger no matter WHAT you're running locally.
 > 
 > > ...managing backup servers, possibly load-balancing, 
 > 
 > Don't be ridiculous, those are ISP-level issues but don't enter into things for 
 > individual private users.
 > 
 > > ...having to have roughly peak-usage bandwidth and resources or suffer the 
 > consequences, 
 > 
 > The "consequences" are not generally serious.  At some point, stuff COULD back 
 > up to the sender (but that could always happen, anyhow, and good networks have 
 > to provide for that possibility).
 > 
 > > etc etc etc.
 > 
 > > But a mailbox via pop or imap is just an authentication, a lock and a
 > basically one or more file transfers, plus or minus, and is quite
 > forgiving of all kinds of subtleties.
 > 
 > Yes, and indeed that does not preclude transferring the mail upon receipt into 
 > another, private, entirely local mail server (and one that does not have to deal 
 > with resource limitations imposed by ISPs).
 > 
 > > I think end-to-end for email was a nice idea in the far distant past
 > but it's become a dead dodo for the vast majority of customers who
 > would just as soon be CUSTOMERS of all those complexities I mention
 > rather than service providers.
 > 
 > Certainly there are a lot of clueless users out there, and most of those don't 
 > need more complexity.  On the other hand, modern software design is heavily 
 > based on hiding (and not necessarily eliminating) a lot of internal complexity 
 > so that clueless users can use their computers.  
 > 
 > > At any rate, I don't know that it really matters since whatever is
 > adopted to fight spam coming out of a forum such as this can be
 > utilized by, to quote one of Lily Tomlin's characters, Kings and
 > Queens right down to the Scum of the Earth.
 > 
 > Sure.
 > 
 > > I guess the only major difference is that if we presume that anything
 > proposed must work in an end to end environment inclusive of, e.g.,
 > home users, then it would need to scale down to smaller per
 > transaction resources and a level of simplicity that people with very
 > limited interest can quickly and easily grasp (e.g., automatable to a
 > very high degree.)
 > 
 > Yes.  But I don't see that as a huge problem.
 > 
 > > Of course, then the PDP-11 and Atari/ST users will show up demanding
 > that their systems be taken into full account...
 > 
 > And they will be, possibly, but that doesn't mean that WE have to supply their 
 > software for them... and everything they're already (presumably happily) using 
 > today ought to still be able to work within the new framework.
 > 
 > > I know, we'll wave that hand when we get to it.
 > 
 > Or they will.  :-)
 > 
 > Gordon Peterson                  http://personal.terabites.com/
 > 1977-2002  Twenty-fifth anniversary year of Local Area Networking!
 > Support free and fair US elections!  http://stickers.defend-democracy.org
 > 12/19/98: Partisan Republicans scornfully ignore the voters they "represent".
 > 12/09/00: the date the Republican Party took down democracy in America.
 > 
 > 
 > 
 > _______________________________________________
 > Asrg mailing list
 > Asrg@ietf.org
 > https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg

-- 
        -Barry Shein

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From asrg-bounces@ietf.org  Fri Dec 24 19:05:46 2004
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From: Devdas Bhagat <devdas@dvb.homelinux.org>
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On 24/12/04 18:39 -0500, Barry Shein wrote:
> 
> I suspect what you describe is the future of mailing lists. It answers
> the problem of "if email delivery were charged for then what happens
> to all those free mailing lists with large distributions?"
> 
> Well, easy, subscribing will mean just picking up the current
> edition/messages just like one might pick up their personal mail with
> pop or imap, if . Closed mailing lists of course could require
> password protection, etc.
> 
And hence we reinvent ... usenet.

Devdas Bhagat

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Well, it seems to me that INCREMENTALLY you have to provide more
backups and potential restores and staff to do all that and disk
controllers and network bandwidth and real estate and environmental
(electricity, air conditioning, etc) and management of all that etc.
as well as the cost (well, negative cash flow) imposed by depreciation
schedules, ROI, etc.

But if you want to ignore all that other stuff then you're more than
right, because you may as well ignore the cost of the disk space also,
it's only a small percentage of all that, so INCREMENTALLY infinite
disk space is FREE!

Need I go on?


On December 24, 2004 at 02:01 gep2@terabites.com (gep2@terabites.com) wrote:
 > 
 > 
 > On Thu, 23 Dec 2004, Barry Shein <bzs@world.std.com> wrote:
 > >
 > >On December 23, 2004 at 21:10 gep2@terabites.com (gep2@terabites.com) wrote:
 > > > So, in that case, if we presume that the sample is representative, that 
 > would 
 > > > suggest that the total storage used in spam folders is about 6Gb (so maybe 
 > $6 
 > > > worth of mirrored disk space, purchase cost).  Certainly doesn't sound 
 > excessive 
 > > > to me.
 > 
 > >It's as sensible to speak of managed disk space in terms of commodity
 > >disk prices as it is to speak of office space rental costs measured
 > >exclusively by the floor covering used (e.g., price per sq foot should
 > >be about the same as the cost per sq foot of linoleum.)
 > >
 > >If there is any doubt about that go buy whatever disk you like and
 > >stick it in your lap and stop being concerned about what ISPs charge.
 > >
 > >Obviously a disk sitting in your lap (no I didn't say laptop) is not a
 > >very useful thing.
 > >
 > >So some sort of value has been added to that disk.
 > 
 > Fine, but most or all of that "value added" is more than adequately covered by 
 > the price that the ISP is charging their customer.  The service the CUSTOMER is 
 > paying for is the whole package of what the ISP does, including storing and 
 > forwarding the customer's mail.
 > 
 > The difference of storing, verus not storing, the spam or whatever is 
 > INCREMENTALLY the difference in the cost of the hard drive space used to store 
 > it.  And that's my point... that the price of (even) an extra terabyte of 
 > mirrored hard disk space is about $1K, which truly is NOT significant in terms 
 > of what the ISP's overall operating/capital expenses are.
 > 
 > So all this whinging about the disk space involved is really awfully silly.
 > 
 > >That added value probably exceeds the underlying cost of the disk
 > >manifold.
 > 
 > Of course, but the INCREMENTAL cost is what we're talking about, and the 
 > INCREMENTAL cost of disk storage is NOT reflected in any significant way in an 
 > incremental cost of the other expenses the ISP has... office rental, charitable 
 > donations, utilities, personnel, and so forth... and MIGHT even result in a 
 > SAVINGS given that it gives the ISP a material and relevant point that might set 
 > them aside from the competition, giving them product/service differentiation and 
 > perhaps actually REDUCING the money they have to spend on marketing to attract 
 > new customers, and retain existing ones.  
 > 
 > >It includes system staff, support staff, management, general business
 > >costs (e.g., taxes), backups, service contracts, climate control,
 > >rent, disk controllers and the systems they're hooked up to, network
 > >and network infrastructure, WAN connection(s), and god forbid maybe
 > >even a little profit.
 > 
 > But in ANY case, $1K more or less simply isn't a big deal in terms of ISP 
 > capital investment, so there's little or no reason for us to worry significantly 
 > about it *here*.  Other things we commonly discuss here have MUCH more 
 > significant operating cost and support cost implications.
 > 
 > >But to compare disk space at ISPs as being worth about $1/GB bypasses
 > >reality quite cleanly and completely.
 > 
 > Perhaps, but that's still the INCREMENTAL cost, and that's what matters for OUR 
 > purposes here (i.e. comparing two approaches which might use slightly more or 
 > slightly less disk space).
 > 
 > Gordon Peterson                  http://personal.terabites.com/
 > 1977-2002  Twenty-fifth anniversary year of Local Area Networking!
 > Support free and fair US elections!  http://stickers.defend-democracy.org
 > 12/19/98: Partisan Republicans scornfully ignore the voters they "represent".
 > 12/09/00: the date the Republican Party took down democracy in America.
 > 
 > 
 > 
 > _______________________________________________
 > Asrg mailing list
 > Asrg@ietf.org
 > https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg

-- 
        -Barry Shein

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Without belaboring the specific technical suggestions being made,
which seem to me suffer at the very least from new and ever-changing
definitions of heretofore well-understood terms such as
"scaleability", I don't think finding ways to reduce the cost of
handling the ever-growing crush of spam is progress towards any
solution.

Such suggestions, along with announcements of relevant hardware
advancements (ram disks or whatever) are no doubt interesting from a
practical point of view to system administrators but don't strike me
as progress in the context of this group.

But feel free, I'm just explaining why I'm done with this particular
thread.

It's kinda like dealing with muggings by suggesting ways to make money
faster than muggers can steal it.

-- 
        -Barry Shein

Software Tool & Die    | bzs@TheWorld.com           | http://www.TheWorld.com
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Date: Sat, 25 Dec 2004 10:21:28 +1000
From: Laird Breyer <laird@lbreyer.com>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] SICS
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That's a long winded way of saying you'd rather not give out
mail volume statistics on a public forum. A simple refusal would have
saved a lot of unnecessary arguing about unknown unknowns :-)

-- 
Laird Breyer.

On Dec 24 2004, Barry Shein wrote:
> 
> Without belaboring the specific technical suggestions being made,
> which seem to me suffer at the very least from new and ever-changing
> definitions of heretofore well-understood terms such as
> "scaleability", I don't think finding ways to reduce the cost of
> handling the ever-growing crush of spam is progress towards any
> solution.
> 
> Such suggestions, along with announcements of relevant hardware
> advancements (ram disks or whatever) are no doubt interesting from a
> practical point of view to system administrators but don't strike me
> as progress in the context of this group.
> 
> But feel free, I'm just explaining why I'm done with this particular
> thread.
> 
> It's kinda like dealing with muggings by suggesting ways to make money
> faster than muggers can steal it.
> 
> -- 
>         -Barry Shein
> 
> Software Tool & Die    | bzs@TheWorld.com           | http://www.TheWorld.com
> Purveyors to the Trade | Voice: 617-739-0202        | Login: 617-739-WRLD
> The World              | Public Access Internet     | Since 1989     *oo*


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From asrg-bounces@ietf.org  Fri Dec 24 21:03:25 2004
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>> BTW, the proxy scenario I gave above isn't intended to be a ready
 > solution, rather it's an argument to prop up my claim that handling
 > the invalid requests can be handled scalably.

> All I get from it is that an in-memory hash or other fast lookup
algorithm, if it's not being used already, might speed up response
time assuming that your model improves on the resources which are
actually strapped.

> That doesn't address scalability, it just shifts the knee of the curve
much like a faster CPU or more memory might.

How much scaleability do you NEED?

> ...Scalability has to address:

> a) The critical resource(s)

Whatever it might be, it's CERTAINLY not the speed of searching for one of 
(even) 50 million valid E-mail addresses in in-memory hash tables.

> b) Permutational effects

I don't consider those to be issues either... or if you're convinced they are, 
perhaps you might explain how and why.

> Where (b) is often subtle and significant. For example, if you use N
servers you have to load balance between them. How does that
decision-making scale as N increases. It's often somewhere between
O(N^2) and O(N!).

It's easy (and VERY fast, a mere handful of machine instructions) to split such 
a hash table... for example, you can do something as simple as index using the 
first character of the E-mail address into an array to determine which of 
(possibly) several hash table lookup machines that address would reside in.  
Jeez, I can't believe we're even talking about ridiculous low-level, trivial 
stuff like this here.  

But the whole discussion is silly, since in fact the table would fit EASILY in a 
single machine, probably along with the mail server itself, and wherever the 
throughput gauntlet is, it wouldn't be THERE.

> At any rate, as fascinating as some might find it I sincerely don't
believe the problem with spam, even at the ingress, is going to be
solved or even ameliorated for very long by some improvement in
recipient validity processing.

Sure, at some hypothetical infinite level of spam ingress volume you end up with 
what looks for all the world like a DDOS attack... like trying to drink out of a 
firehose.  

> It's like someone breaking your windows unchallenged and someone says
I know, let's find cheaper ways to make window panes!

This is part of why I believe the better solution is to consider NOT ONLY JUST 
things like sender authorization (which in fact does damned near NOTHING to 
prevent infected machines from pouring garbage E-mails, and worms/viruses for 
that matter, onto the net using the infected machine's authorizations) but 
rather approaches which largely negate the ability to commandeer machines using 
E-mail messages (and that means, for the most part, HTML and attachments).  As 
long as spammers and hackers can readily infect (in a matter of a few hours) 
millions of computers belonging to clueless Lusers, there is NOTHING that will 
prevent them from using those zombie armies to launch massive waves of spams, 
viruses, or even (for that matter) just ordinary simple DDOS attacks.

Corporations, NO MATTER HOW WELL PROTECTED THEIR DATA CENTERS SUPPOSEDLY ARE, 
can do **nothing** to prevent such DDOS attacks, since once the garbage gets to 
their data center, the damage has pretty much already been done.  So THEIR 
enterprise-level interests HAVE TO INCLUDE making sure that INDIVIDUAL USERS 
have reasonable protection against stuff like that, too.  

That's why it's so crucial that the protections be built into the most widely 
available packages such as Outlook, Outlook Express, Eudora, Pegasus, etc etc.

Current-level Microsoft stuff allows you to turn off attachments (say, or HTML) 
for EVERYBODY, which is ridiculously impractical because nearly EVERYBODY needs 
to receive attachments of SOME sort, or HTML, at least occasionally, from 
SOMEONE.  So the result is that that limitation is turned off, and finally 
accomplishes nothing.  It needs to be something finer-grained, and way more 
selective, that's left at the "protected/armored" condition for the *great* 
majority of incoming messages.

Until it's made harder to infect armies of individual clueless Luser-owned 
machines, there's truly LITTLE point in debating ANY of these other approaches, 
because they can simply be overwhelmed with DDOS attacks (or spam that 
effectively becomes that, in volume).

And, happily, while we're at it and putting the hammer down on HTML and 
untrusted attachments, we also simultaneously make content-based anti-spam 
filters WAY more effective than they typically are today, AND take away (in one 
fell swoop) most of the tricks that spammers use to deceive.  We also make it 
FAR harder for spammers to not just SEND stuff cheaply in large volumes, but 
make the probability of it ever being delivered and read vanishingly small... 
bringing us far closer to the day when spammers will simply move off to another 
type of more profitable and easier [scam] business model.

Gordon Peterson                  http://personal.terabites.com/
1977-2002  Twenty-fifth anniversary year of Local Area Networking!
Support free and fair US elections!  http://stickers.defend-democracy.org
12/19/98: Partisan Republicans scornfully ignore the voters they "represent".
12/09/00: the date the Republican Party took down democracy in America.



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From asrg-bounces@ietf.org  Fri Dec 24 21:22:18 2004
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Spam, defined, and permissions
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> Somebody wrote, among other things, about how much storage space spam was
costing them.

> Email should be changed so that the contents of a email lives on the
sender's server until it is retrieved by the recipient.

> It shifts the storage costs to the sender, especially the big sender, and
forces some kind of accountability onto the sender and/or the sender's ISP.
An email with foged headers to non-existent servers will not be read.

It's certainly an intriguing enough idea, and certainly would focus the 
attention (and the storage cost) on the SENDER of spams (or their ISP) rather 
than on the recipients.  But (and it's a big 'but') the fact of the matter is 
that it's a bit late to talk about making global changes in the world's E-mail 
infrastructure philosophy (and that's what it would take).

> It does break the much-revered model that makes the Internet resistant to a
Nuclear Attack...

Odd comment... I don't see, honestly, how it would make any big difference.  
Where the mail is stored, between the time it's sent and the time it's picked up 
by the final destination (and let's agree here for the time being that we're 
talking about the ISP-hosted mail servers here that ARE presumed to be online 
full-time, rather than user machines which are less likely to be) really doesn't 
change the issue of nuclear attack vulnerability... that's more an issue of the 
network being largely host-free and able to [re]route connections in real time 
around points of failure, and those capabilities aren't really changed by mail 
server architecture, or distance between user machines and mail storage servers.

> ...but spam (and its sisters - worms and viruses) pose a greater
danger than the threat of Nuclear War.

I don't know that I agree with that one, either.  More LIKELY, maybe (since the 
LIKELIHOOD of spam, as a clear and PRESENT danger, at 100% is hard to exceed) 
although certainly the COST (lives, money, economic catastrophe) associated with 
a nuclear war would certainly be far more devastating than spammers are likely 
to achieve anytime soon...!

Gordon Peterson                  http://personal.terabites.com/
1977-2002  Twenty-fifth anniversary year of Local Area Networking!
Support free and fair US elections!  http://stickers.defend-democracy.org
12/19/98: Partisan Republicans scornfully ignore the voters they "represent".
12/09/00: the date the Republican Party took down democracy in America.



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>> Email should be changed so that the contents of a email lives on the
> sender's server until it is retrieved by the recipient.

> That was suggested a long time ago.  It works OK for lots of
situations, but not so well for legitimate senders without full-time
servers.

Hmmm... that last phrase ALMOST sounds like an oxymoron...!  Care to explain?

The whole point of the change would be to FORCE senders to cover more of the 
costs of (and responsibility for) what they send, and that might in fact INCLUDE 
the need to provide (or pay an ISP to provide) precisely such 24/7 E-mail 
message storage, until the messages were picked up by the recipient.  Shifting 
those costs back to the sender is NOT entirely unreasonable, in principle.

The earlier comment about how the recipient would identify themself to the 
sender-end message storage server is a more interesting one, although it strikes 
me that they could be given a stub kind of E-mail ("there is an e-mail message 
waiting for you, here's the IP address you need to contact, and the cookie you 
need to provide to retrieve it").  At least THAT kind of an approach wouldn't 
require a wholesale re-engineering of the E-mail system;  you could, perhaps, 
implement it ENTIRELY within the sender E-mail server, at least until recipient 
mail client software made the secondary body-fetch automatic and transparent.  

The key downside that I see is more from the standpoint of privacy/security, 
where the recipient may not relish the idea of revealing to the sender EXACTLY 
when they retrieved and read the message, or from where.

Gordon Peterson                  http://personal.terabites.com/
1977-2002  Twenty-fifth anniversary year of Local Area Networking!
Support free and fair US elections!  http://stickers.defend-democracy.org
12/19/98: Partisan Republicans scornfully ignore the voters they "represent".
12/09/00: the date the Republican Party took down democracy in America.



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gep2@terabites.com wrote:

>>> Email should be changed so that the contents of a email lives on the
>>> sender's server until it is retrieved by the recipient.
>>
>> That was suggested a long time ago.  It works OK for lots of
>> situations, but not so well for legitimate senders without full-time
>> servers.
>
> Hmmm... that last phrase ALMOST sounds like an oxymoron...!  Care to
> explain?

How does my mother, on a PC that's usually turned off, send email to
my brother, without arranging in advance at what time she'll send it?

> The whole point of the change would be to FORCE senders to cover
> more of the costs of (and responsibility for) what they send, and
> that might in fact INCLUDE the need to provide (or pay an ISP to
> provide) precisely such 24/7 E-mail message storage, until the
> messages were picked up by the recipient.  Shifting those costs back
> to the sender is NOT entirely unreasonable, in principle.

Letting her ISP handle it makes sense.

> The earlier comment about how the recipient would identify themself
> to the sender-end message storage server is a more interesting one,
> although it strikes me that they could be given a stub kind of
> E-mail ("there is an e-mail message waiting for you, here's the IP
> address you need to contact, and the cookie you need to provide to
> retrieve it").

I thought I already suggested that (in different language).

> The key downside that I see is more from the standpoint of
> privacy/security, where the recipient may not relish the idea of
> revealing to the sender EXACTLY when they retrieved and read the
> message, or from where.

Then someone (trusted) will provide anonymity by putting a server in
between them.

Seth

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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Spam, defined, and permissions
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> On 23/12/04 03:56 +0000, gep2@terabites.com wrote:
>> <snip>

> Your MUA is breakling threads and quoting. Please fix.

Sorry you don't like my MUA... but I do.  Likewise, sorry you don't like my 
quoting style... but I don't much care for the stuff that other programs 
generate (like at the top line of this reply) either.  Inevitably, after editing 
quotes and removing extraneous stuff, and quoting several levels back, it 
becomes nearly impossible to maintain integrity of "who said what" (and in fact, 
it rarely doesn't much matter WHO said something anyhow... I'm quoting and 
referring to IDEAS, if you really care _who_ said what you can refer back to the 
archives if you want to).

>> Typical spam messages (once you strip the HTML garbage out of them) tend to
> be 1K-5K bytes long.  So even if they were all 5K, you're talking about
> storing something like 200,000 spam E-mail messages (for however long the 
> user bothers to keep them before they finally purge them, either actively
> or by simple timeout) for about ONE DOLLAR.

> I however, would be looking at the network costs of accepting that data
in the first place. If you say that a message on disk is 5K and the
transactional overhead is 1K, you are looking at an increase of 5 times
the traffic by volume for spam. 

I have NO idea how you made THAT leap of logic.  TYPICAL [text-type!] spam 
messages (in my experience, anyhow) have LARGER [full!] headers than the spam 
body itself (the main exception is spams which use text-as-image and attachments 
to conceal the message content from content-based antispam filters).  Maybe you 
just worded your comment badly, but anyhow I'm not sure what you meant maybe.

> Now consider that you are speaking of stripping a 15KB mail to 5KB, implying 
that you will be accepting that 15K of traffic in the first place.

Are you talking about my proposal of discarding the HTML-burdened alternative 
attachment for mail from non-whitelisted senders?

Obviously, yes, at some point (if you're accepting/retrieving the mail) you're 
going to be using incoming bandwidth to retrieve it.

> And for any non trivial mail server, you are looking at massively
expanding CPU capacity to deal with the traffic volume (hint, mail
servers are optimised for disk and memory access, not CPU).

I fully agree that one of the goals should be to reduce total aggregate 
bandwidth wasted by spammers.  Discouraging them from sending large, 
HTML-burdened, and/or attachment-laden mails on an unsolicited basis (by 
reducing the likelihood that such mail would ever be delivered and read) would 
help to achieve that.

>> So what's with all this crap about it being so onerous to "accept and store" 
> this stuff?

> The store part is bad enough. The accept part is where the really scary
and costly things happen. 

Agreed.  The bandwidth probably costs more than the disk storage costs (and the 
disk storage costs are 'recyclable' whereas the bandwidth cost, whatever it is, 
isn't recovered for reuse next week/month/year).

> To draw an analogy to information security, your ideal goal is to
prevent malicious traffic from getting in as far down the stack as
possible. You do not want to allow traffic in and hope that malicious
traffic is caught and rejected by your IPS, you want the firewall at the
edge to stop it. Apply the same logic.

I agree that, ideally speaking, one would like to truncate unwanted mail as many 
hops as possible back in the direction of the sender.  The real question is 
whether that is as (a) practical, (b) incrementally implementable, and (c) 
cost-effective given the added complexity.

>> As for TEMPORARY E-mail storage (say at a POP3 server), mind you that it is
> the ISPs themselves who create that monster by trying to discourage users
> from setting up their own POP3 servers (which in fact is extremely simple
> to do, if you have a machine which is online and running essentially all
> the time).

> The "running all the time" is what /users/ down't want to do.

SOME users would like to do that (*I* would, for example), so it's ludicrous to 
generalize like you're trying to do.  Those users with cable or DSL 
"constant-on" connections, and whose systems are up essentially full-time, could 
easily enough host simple POP3 servers.  

Agreed that not everybody wants to do that, but anyhow it's fairly silly for 
ISPs to cry about how it's so hard/difficult/costly for them to provide adequate 
POP3 services for their customers, and in the same breath tell (okay, maybe more 
advanced) users who _are_ willing to take that on that they are FORBIDDEN from 
doing so.

Gordon Peterson                  http://personal.terabites.com/
1977-2002  Twenty-fifth anniversary year of Local Area Networking!
Support free and fair US elections!  http://stickers.defend-democracy.org
12/19/98: Partisan Republicans scornfully ignore the voters they "represent".
12/09/00: the date the Republican Party took down democracy in America.



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From asrg-bounces@ietf.org  Fri Dec 24 22:14:12 2004
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] SICS
To: asrg@ietf.org, <laird@lbreyer.com>
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>> There is clearly NO (local) solution for DDOS attacks, because by
> the time they arrive at your entrance portal the damage has already
> been done.

> Available information before that point is limited. You can refuse to
accept the connection based on IP address, or you can accept the
connection tentatively and do some cheap lookups. Before the message
DATA arrives, you have three pieces of information: a HELO (or EHLO)
identification string, the MAIL and RCPT strings (There's also VRFY or
EXPN but keep it simple).  Once the DATA command is used, the
connection is no longer cheap, because the data can be arbitrarily
long, and doing any sort of analysis on it will cost unpredictable
resources anyway. So discussing body analysis is irrelevant for this
problem.

Maybe, but HEADER analysis might be helpful.

After the receiving mail server has gotten the complete full header, then it 
knows not only who the intended recipient is but also who the stated sender is, 
and that could permit it to establish what that recipient's permissions are for 
that sender... and SOME of those, at least, could perhaps be enforced during the 
time the incoming mail arrival is being done.  

The easiest one to enforce is maximum allowed message size for that sender (or 
default 'unknown' sender) since that one already has to be done anyhow if the 
user's maximum inbox size is exceeded (and that isn't known, either, until too 
much data comes in).  

It's a little more complicated (but not HUGELY difficult) to have the receiving 
server recognize message divisions and enforce (at least on a preliminary, 
tentative basis) recipient permissions for attachments, HTML-burdened 
attachments, and such.

But (although there is a potential cost savings from truncating such mails 
earlier in the process, before they have been fully transferred) there is a 
downside which may override the potential savings... and that is the recipient's 
desire to be able to change their mind upon considering the "spam" filtering 
decision... it's harder to do that, and go ahead and approve the message for 
delivery (and possibly revising the filtering rules for that sender), if in fact 
it was blocked or the server connection was dropped during transfer.  It may be 
that the bandwidth cost (and that's ultimately getting cheaper and cheaper) is 
simply less costly than the added complexity of trying to be more clever, "too" 
early in the process.

Gordon Peterson                  http://personal.terabites.com/
1977-2002  Twenty-fifth anniversary year of Local Area Networking!
Support free and fair US elections!  http://stickers.defend-democracy.org
12/19/98: Partisan Republicans scornfully ignore the voters they "represent".
12/09/00: the date the Republican Party took down democracy in America.



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From asrg-bounces@ietf.org  Fri Dec 24 22:27:57 2004
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gep2@terabites.com wrote:

>> On 23/12/04 03:56 +0000, gep2@terabites.com wrote:

>> Your MUA is breakling threads and quoting. Please fix.
>
> Sorry you don't like my MUA... but I do.  Likewise, sorry you don't
> like my quoting style... but I don't much care for the stuff that
> other programs generate (like at the top line of this reply) either.
> Inevitably, after editing quotes and removing extraneous stuff, and
> quoting several levels back, it becomes nearly impossible to
> maintain integrity of "who said what" (and in fact, it rarely
> doesn't much matter WHO said something anyhow... I'm quoting and
> referring to IDEAS, if you really care _who_ said what you can refer
> back to the archives if you want to).

How much of that is due to you quoting only the first line of a
paragraph and making the rest look like they were written by one
person up the stack?

>> I however, would be looking at the network costs of accepting that data
>>in the first place. If you say that a message on disk is 5K and the
>>transactional overhead is 1K, you are looking at an increase of 5 times
>>the traffic by volume for spam. 
>
> I have NO idea how you made THAT leap of logic.  TYPICAL [text-type!] spam 
> messages (in my experience, anyhow) have LARGER [full!] headers than the spam 
> body itself (the main exception is spams which use text-as-image and attachments 
> to conceal the message content from content-based antispam filters).  Maybe you 
> just worded your comment badly, but anyhow I'm not sure what you meant maybe.

As far as the smtp protocol is concerned, the email headers are
treated just like the email body: part of the DATA segment.  The
transactional stuff that occurs earlier is EHLO, MAIL FROM, RCPT TO,
and stuff like that.

>> And for any non trivial mail server, you are looking at massively
>>expanding CPU capacity to deal with the traffic volume (hint, mail
>>servers are optimised for disk and memory access, not CPU).
>
> I fully agree that one of the goals should be to reduce total aggregate 
> bandwidth wasted by spammers.  Discouraging them from sending large, 
> HTML-burdened, and/or attachment-laden mails on an unsolicited basis (by 
> reducing the likelihood that such mail would ever be delivered and read) would 
> help to achieve that.

In this universe, discouraging spammers doesn't seem to cause them to
send less spam.

>> The "running all the time" is what /users/ down't want to do.
>
> SOME users would like to do that (*I* would, for example), so it's ludicrous to 
> generalize like you're trying to do.  Those users with cable or DSL 
> "constant-on" connections, and whose systems are up essentially full-time, could 
> easily enough host simple POP3 servers.  

Oh, great.  Yet another way for them to serve as zombies for spammers.

Seth

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From: John Levine <asrg@johnlevine.com>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Mailing lists
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>> I suspect what you describe is the future of mailing lists. It answers
>> the problem of "if email delivery were charged for then what happens
>> to all those free mailing lists with large distributions?"
>> 
>> Well, easy, subscribing will mean just picking up the current
>> edition/messages just like one might pick up their personal mail with
>> pop or imap, if . Closed mailing lists of course could require
>> password protection, etc.
>> 
>And hence we reinvent ... usenet.

To some degree.  These days it's more likely RSS, which is pure
pull and is widely seen as an alternative to mailing lists.

I've tried it, it's nice.  You can now get my comp.compilers newsgroup
as usenet comp.compilers, the web site compilers.iecc.com, or an RSS
feed.  I'm getting over 3000 hits a week on the RSS feed with close to
no publicity, so someone's interested in it.





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From asrg-bounces@ietf.org  Fri Dec 24 23:40:20 2004
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Spam, defined, and permissions
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>> First 100 emails out or in are free, beyond that, there's a fee.
>
>So you're going to charge me more for _receiving_ spam?  I don't think
>your ISP is going to succeed in the marketplace.

>> If its too expensive to spam, they'll stop. This, IMHO, is the only
>> way to stop them.  Follow a telco billing model and "exchange" mail
>> minutes.
>
>The spammers won't buy your measured service, either.

Neither will anyone else.  Ten years ago there were lots of e-mail
services that charged by the message.  Now they're all dead.  This
is a big hint.

-- 
John R. Levine, IECC, POB 727, Trumansburg NY 14886 +1 607 330 5711
johnl@iecc.com, Mayor, http://johnlevine.com, 
Member, Provisional board, Coalition Against Unsolicited Commercial E-mail

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From: Devdas Bhagat <devdas@dvb.homelinux.org>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] SICS
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On 25/12/04 03:08 +0000, gep2@terabites.com wrote:
> > > There is clearly NO (local) solution for DDOS attacks, because by
> > > the time they arrive at your entrance portal the damage has already
> > > been done.
> 
> > Available information before that point is limited. You can refuse to
> > accept the connection based on IP address, or you can accept the
> > connection tentatively and do some cheap lookups. Before the message
> > DATA arrives, you have three pieces of information: a HELO (or EHLO)
> > identification string, the MAIL and RCPT strings (There's also VRFY or
> > EXPN but keep it simple).  Once the DATA command is used, the
> > connection is no longer cheap, because the data can be arbitrarily
> > long, and doing any sort of analysis on it will cost unpredictable
> > resources anyway. So discussing body analysis is irrelevant for this
> > problem.
> 
> Maybe, but HEADER analysis might be helpful.

I don't think I quite understand your point here.

A mail transaction typically goes like this:
<tcp connection> from high port to port 25 of the server
The server checks up the reverse DNS of the client.
S: 220 <server.hostname> [ESMTP]
C: HELO <client.hostname> (or EHLO for ESMTP)
S: 250 Ok
C: MAIL FROM:<sender@example.com>
S: 250 Ok
C: RCPT TO:<recipient@example.net>
S: 250 Ok
... (client adds more RCPT TOs here)
C: Data
S: 354 Send CRLF.CRLF to end
Message headers

Message Body
.
S: 250 Ok
quit
S: 221 Ok
<tcp connection teardown>

Now, you know the actual message size only after the data was sent. If
the client sends a ehlo, it may send a size value, but that cannot be
known to be correct. The message headers and body are part of the
message itself, as part as SMTP is concerned.

> 
> After the receiving mail server has gotten the complete full header, then it 
> knows not only who the intended recipient is but also who the stated sender
> is, and that could permit it to establish what that recipient's permissions
> are for that sender... and SOME of those, at least, could perhaps be
> enforced during the time the incoming mail arrival is being done.  

This is more complex, but doable. A restrictions lookup table keys off
the recipient address, and 

> 
> The easiest one to enforce is maximum allowed message size for that
> sender (or default 'unknown' sender) since that one already has to be
> done anyhow if the user's maximum inbox size is exceeded (and that isn't
> known, either, until too much data comes in).  

Actually, this isn't known until delivery is attempted. No one needs to
have the mail storage system on the same server as the receiving MTA.
The complexity and fraility of trying to push quota overflow conditions
in realtime to external MTAs is bad enough that I would just allow for
bounces to be generated later.

> 
> It's a little more complicated (but not HUGELY difficult) to have the
> receiving server recognize message divisions and enforce (at least on a
> preliminary, tentative basis) recipient permissions for attachments,
> HTML-burdened attachments, and such.

This requires a large amount of code to be pushed into MTAs. Parsing
text takes up CPU. Gobs of CPU. Just to show how much pre data filtering
can help (I wont quote names here, since I don't have permission to do
that yet):
A canadian ISP had 4 boxes handing 200K mails/day each on average, with 
SpamAssassin filtering the content for suspicious mail. Note that this was 
post recipient validation, with a few externsions filtered out
(exe/cpl/pif/.., the common viral vectors). SA was running on 9 boxes,
and those were barely able to keep up with the load (SA was daemonised).
By adding a single DNSBL (the cbl-sbl.spamhaus.org list), they reduced
the inflow to 80K mails/day per host on average, and need 6 SA boxes for
filtering comfortably.

I'll let you figure out the bandwidth and server savings, and the
administrative time saved on that (the admins had been trying for three
months at least to tune the SA boxes so that they would keep up).

> But (although there is a potential cost savings from truncating such mails 
> earlier in the process, before they have been fully transferred) there is a 
> downside which may override the potential savings... and that is the

When do you plan to show actual savings? There are no savings post DATA,
except the cost of putting that message in the temporary mailstore on
the server.

> recipient's desire to be able to change their mind upon considering the
> "spam" filtering decision... it's harder to do that, and go ahead and
> approve the message for delivery (and possibly revising the filtering

Have you considered that message may have more than one recipient, and
that enforcing different message sizes per recipient in the MTA is simply 
not feasible (there is exactly one return value after data)?

> rules for that sender), if in fact it was blocked or the server connection
> was dropped during transfer.  It may be that the bandwidth cost (and 
> that's ultimately getting cheaper and cheaper) is simply less costly than
It is? Not as fast as the spam volume is going up.

> the added complexity of trying to be more clever, "too" early in the
> process.

Devdas Bhagat

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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Spam, defined, and permissions
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>>>> push the message storage to the user end (where it probably ought to
>be)

>>> Why is that?

>>1) Scaleability. There is far more aggregate processing power and
>aggregate
>disk space available within the user community to store messages than
>within any of the ISPs own data centers.

> While this may be true, 

I think it's almost CERTAINLY true, and probably by a LARGE factor.

> ...such an approach might *consume* more of these
resources (and bandwidth) than would rejection upstream. i.e. you'd have to
do a lot of figuring to convince me that n GB at end user is cheaper than m
GB further upstream, given that we know very little about the values of n,m
.

Rejection upstream saves sending the data through the Net but I think the 
evidence is NOT at all in that:

  1)  we can successfully define a universally agreeable standard and get it 
adopted in a timely way;

  2)  it doesn't suit recipients BETTER to give them accessible copies of ALL 
their mail, including the stuff that was quarantined/rejected (which means that 
in effect, one must (at least be prepared to) transfer the spam too anyway).

>>2) Cost. Both disk space and CPU cycles are probably cheaper at most
>end-user machines, too... most users probably have cheap(er) IDE disk drives, >

> Well, yes, but this (and the bandwidth) becomes an extra cost of mail
service. Is this what end-users want? Would they pay (perhaps more) for
something else? 

Right now, I think that they want to be rid of the annoyance of having to deal 
with spam, spoofing, viruses, worms, scams, and phishing.  We could spend 
another five years or ten years debating how to implement that in an ideal way 
(and it's a moving target!);  meanwhile the users get angry, legislators look at 
(usually stupid) legislative remedies, and halfassed stupid crap like SPF and 
other DNS-based "solutions" (that aren't, really) get implemented which mostly 
just screws things up further.  I'd rather see us come up with something that 
would make a major, visible improvement and do so quickly, and which users would 
feel like they had meaningful control over.  If we don't do it here, and soon, 
we'll end up coming up with the "nice" and elegant solution that the world has 
already passed by.

> Also, see the point about *consumption* above. It's all
very well hypothesising about costs, but some consideration of potential
benefits would go well here. Remember that the MTS is supposed to offer
service to a very wide range of end-user hardware (and pockets).
  
Sure.

>>3) Responsibility. 

> Obviously attractive to an ISP in certain circumstances, but it's not just
the ISP view we're considering here.

Right.

>>4) Control. 

> Indeed, but this isn't an argument against user control being implemented
upstream.

Right again, but then (1) the user has to pay OTHER people and OTHER systems (at 
a higher cost, probably, than his own) to do (hopefully) what he needs;  and (2) 
we're likely to spend years defining a one-size-fits-all solution (to a 
moving-target problem) which will end up never converging on something that 
everyone can agree on (we've seen a lot of that going on here already).

> It seems to me that your position amounts to saying that we (the community)
don't have a spam problem, end-users have a spam problem.  Is this right?

Certainly the BULK of the problem is the problem that end-users see, including 
getting their own machines infected and thus greatly contributing to the problem 
net-wide.  I don't think that the greater Net-wide spam problem has a PRAYER of 
being solved until we solve the problem at the end-user level (including notably 
the virus/worm/spambot/zombie problem).


Gordon Peterson                  http://personal.terabites.com/
1977-2002  Twenty-fifth anniversary year of Local Area Networking!
Support free and fair US elections!  http://stickers.defend-democracy.org
12/19/98: Partisan Republicans scornfully ignore the voters they "represent".
12/09/00: the date the Republican Party took down democracy in America.



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> Why does everyone want to over complicate the problem?

Good question.

The problem is deciding WHICH of the simpler schemes is in fact viable!

> First 100 emails out or in are free, beyond that, there's a fee. If its too
expensive to spam, they'll stop. This, IMHO, is the only way to stop them.
Follow a telco billing model and "exchange" mail minutes. Its doable if the
ROI is there. Create a tiered service structure.

Sounds good, except for a couple of _fatal_ flaws.

  1)  most spammers don't pay for the service they're using NOW.  

  2)  billing infected users for the spam their zombie-ized machine sends will 
drive users off the Net (which ultimately helps nobody).

  3)  the customer service support time to explain and rebate the charges 
resulting from (2) above will cost FAR FAR more than it's worth (to ANYBODY).

  4)  are you SERIOUSLY suggesting that customers pay for INCOMING mail, too??! 
 So you want them to pay for (for example) the spam they get??!  Or to pay real 
money because someone joe-jobbed them?

> Adding more software, more hardware, and more components, won't stop it.

No, but something like what I'm proposing will make it SO much harder to conduct 
spamming campaigns that are cost-effective that I believe it will push it below 
the level where it's profitable to spammers.

Gordon Peterson                  http://personal.terabites.com/
1977-2002  Twenty-fifth anniversary year of Local Area Networking!
Support free and fair US elections!  http://stickers.defend-democracy.org
12/19/98: Partisan Republicans scornfully ignore the voters they "represent".
12/09/00: the date the Republican Party took down democracy in America.



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From asrg-bounces@ietf.org  Sat Dec 25 20:24:11 2004
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> 2)  billing infected users for the spam their zombie-ized machine
>     sends will drive users off the Net (which ultimately helps
>     nobody).

I'm not convinced - that it would help nobody, that is.

It's reached the point where I would consider disconnecting everyone
with a zombied machine an acceptable price; I believe every such person
is of negative net value to the net.  (This isn't to say they couldn't
come back once they'd cleaned up.  Having to pay real money upon
getting infected is one of the few things that might actually wake such
people up to the huge cost they're imposing on the net.)

Yes, it's drastic.  But I believe drastic measures are needed - nay,
inevitable, even.

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From asrg-bounces@ietf.org  Sat Dec 25 20:44:21 2004
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] SICS
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>> Maybe, but HEADER analysis might be helpful.

> I don't think I quite understand your point here.

> A mail transaction typically goes like this:
<tcp connection> from high port to port 25 of the server
The server checks up the reverse DNS of the client.
S: 220 <server.hostname> [ESMTP]
C: HELO <client.hostname> (or EHLO for ESMTP)
S: 250 Ok
C: MAIL FROM:<sender@example.com>
S: 250 Ok
C: RCPT TO:<recipient@example.net>
S: 250 Ok
... (client adds more RCPT TOs here)
C: Data
S: 354 Send CRLF.CRLF to end
Message headers

> Message Body
.
S: 250 Ok
quit
S: 221 Ok
<tcp connection teardown>

Of course.

> Now, you know the actual message size only after the data was sent. 

Well, you know the maximum OFFERED size by then.

IF during the transfer, the recipient's inbox overflows (and, if they are the 
ONLY addressee there for the message!) you no longer have to be concerned about 
how much more there might be in the wings... once you've decided that the 
message is "too big" and is going to be bounced.  You don't HAVE to keep 
receiving the rest of it, at that point.

> If the client sends a ehlo, it may send a size value, but that cannot be
known to be correct. The message headers and body are part of the
message itself, as part as SMTP is concerned.

Sure, but that doesn't mean that the connection can't be dropped DURING the body 
transfer.

>> After the receiving mail server has gotten the complete full header, then it 
> knows not only who the intended recipient is but also who the stated sender
> is, and that could permit it to establish what that recipient's permissions
> are for that sender... and SOME of those, at least, could perhaps be
> enforced during the time the incoming mail arrival is being done.  

> This is more complex, but doable. A restrictions lookup table keys off
the recipient address, and 

Right.

>> The easiest one to enforce is maximum allowed message size for that
> sender (or default 'unknown' sender) since that one already has to be
> done anyhow if the user's maximum inbox size is exceeded (and that isn't
> known, either, until too much data comes in).  

> Actually, this isn't known until delivery is attempted. 

Right, at the final mail server.  

> ...No one needs to have the mail storage system on the same server as the 
receiving MTA. The complexity and fraility of trying to push quota overflow 
conditions in realtime to external MTAs is bad enough that I would just allow 
for bounces to be generated later.

Certainly a reasonable enough position.

>> It's a little more complicated (but not HUGELY difficult) to have the
> receiving server recognize message divisions and enforce (at least on a
> preliminary, tentative basis) recipient permissions for attachments,
> HTML-burdened attachments, and such.

> This requires a large amount of code to be pushed into MTAs. 

Oh, not really.  I wouldn't try to do 'full' content analysis there, but it 
MIGHT make sense to do some levels of stuff (binary attachments and their 
extensions, maybe).

> Parsing text takes up CPU. Gobs of CPU. 

A lot of that depends on what you're trying to do, and what kind of tools you're 
trying to do it with.

> Just to show how much pre data filtering can help (I wont quote names here, 
since I don't have permission to do that yet):
A canadian ISP had 4 boxes handing 200K mails/day each on average, with 
SpamAssassin filtering the content for suspicious mail. Note that this was 
post recipient validation, with a few externsions filtered out
(exe/cpl/pif/.., the common viral vectors). SA was running on 9 boxes,
and those were barely able to keep up with the load (SA was daemonised).
By adding a single DNSBL (the cbl-sbl.spamhaus.org list), they reduced
the inflow to 80K mails/day per host on average, and need 6 SA boxes for
filtering comfortably.

Okay, but I wasn't suggesting anything nearly as complicated as SpamAssassin at 
the ISP end (I've always said that this ought to be at the recipient end, where 
processing power is cheaper and more plentiful).

SpamAssassin is probably written in Perl or something, and that language is NOT 
particularly efficient (especially compared to something that's more powerful 
and more efficient for textual analysis and pattern recognition, such as 
SPITBOL). 

Let's recall that SpamAssassin was DESIGNED to be run at the end-user machine, 
and it didn't HAVE to be fast or efficient. 

> I'll let you figure out the bandwidth and server savings, and the
administrative time saved on that (the admins had been trying for three
months at least to tune the SA boxes so that they would keep up).

I am not convinced that the effort is worthwhile, since it's so 
implementation-dependent in a moving-target situation.

>> But (although there is a potential cost savings from truncating such mails 
> earlier in the process, before they have been fully transferred) there is a 
> downside which may override the potential savings... and that is the

> When do you plan to show actual savings? There are no savings post DATA,
except the cost of putting that message in the temporary mailstore on
the server.

Depends on how far up the chain you are, and how many forwards will be done 
between the sender and the recipient, and how much data transfer can be avoided. 
But like I said, any such savings may not be worth the extra complexity.

>> recipient's desire to be able to change their mind upon considering the
> "spam" filtering decision... it's harder to do that, and go ahead and
> approve the message for delivery (and possibly revising the filtering

> Have you considered that message may have more than one recipient, and
that enforcing different message sizes per recipient in the MTA is simply 
not feasible (there is exactly one return value after data)?

I hadn't considered that, but it's certainly a valid point... and yet another 
reason why (based on complexity cost) it simply might make the most sense to do 
the filtering at the recipient end.

>> rules for that sender), if in fact it was blocked or the server connection
> was dropped during transfer.  It may be that the bandwidth cost (and 
> that's ultimately getting cheaper and cheaper) is simply less costly than

> It is? Not as fast as the spam volume is going up.

Obviously we want to reduce spam volume.  My approach is all about that.

>> the added complexity of trying to be more clever, "too" early in the
> process.


Gordon Peterson                  http://personal.terabites.com/
1977-2002  Twenty-fifth anniversary year of Local Area Networking!
Support free and fair US elections!  http://stickers.defend-democracy.org
12/19/98: Partisan Republicans scornfully ignore the voters they "represent".
12/09/00: the date the Republican Party took down democracy in America.



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From asrg-bounces@ietf.org  Sat Dec 25 20:58:33 2004
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From: Laird Breyer <laird@lbreyer.com>
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] SICS
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On Dec 25 2004, gep2@terabites.com wrote:
> 
> Maybe, but HEADER analysis might be helpful. (snip)

I fail to see how any of these points address the specific issue being
discussed. A header is part of the DATA, it can be arbitrarily long
and arbitrarily complex to parse. You simply cannot expect to be able to
allocate a fixed amount of resources of all types if you intend to 
read a header (or any number of body lines for that matter).

Moreover, being part of the DATA, if you intend to accept a single
header line, chances are you'll receive the whole message anyway due
to buffering, and what are you going to do with the full message? If
you intend to analyse it, it will be simpler overall to accept a connection
directly through a full SMTP server.

The only way to make the rejection of obvious invalid requests truly
scalable is if you can guarantee a small fixed cost in CPU cycles,
RAM, I/O. Then you have to run this on a dedicated system which
doesn't do unpredictable things like swapping memory pages, spawning
processes, etc. It has to work like a self contained appliance basically, 
only then will you be sure that the resources used are proportional to
the number of incoming requests, ie it's scalable. That also means no
talking to databases, DNSBLs etc.

A mail system with this kind of front end still has to contend with
too much spam, but I think we can then discuss per user spam volume rather
than incoming SMTP bound volume. Making that point was my only aim in
this thread.

Message analysis has its place somewhere after the message is
accepted, but does nothing at all to reduce the SMTP load.

-- 
Laird Breyer.

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From asrg-bounces@ietf.org  Sat Dec 25 21:18:04 2004
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From: Laird Breyer <laird@lbreyer.com>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] SICS
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On Dec 26 2004, gep2@terabites.com wrote:

(snip)

>=20
> Obviously we want to reduce spam volume.  My approach is all about that.
>=20

=46rom your arguments, I have the strong impression that your approach
is entirely unrelated to the problem being discussed in this
thread.=20

Your goal is to reduce the number of spam messages visible to end
users. That's a good goal, but has nothing to do with reducing the
amount of data processed by ISPs who operate SMTP server farms for
their customers. Let's not mix up the issues.

--=20
Laird Breyer.

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From: Devdas Bhagat <devdas@dvb.homelinux.org>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Spam, defined, and permissions
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On 25/12/04 20:11 -0500, der Mouse wrote:
> > 2)  billing infected users for the spam their zombie-ized machine
> >     sends will drive users off the Net (which ultimately helps
> >     nobody).
> 
> I'm not convinced - that it would help nobody, that is.
> 
> It's reached the point where I would consider disconnecting everyone
> with a zombied machine an acceptable price; I believe every such person

I would agree with this. However, for most ISPs in the US, the cost of
dealing with support calls is likely to be higher than the savings from
the subscriber. Far cheaper is blocking port 25 wholesale across
non business customer connections, which does result in tanglible
benefits to the Internet.

Maybe such support calls need to be billed as an extra expense to the
subscriber for things to work out.

Devdas Bhagat

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From: Devdas Bhagat <devdas@dvb.homelinux.org>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] SICS
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On 26/12/04 01:38 +0000, gep2@terabites.com wrote:
> >> Maybe, but HEADER analysis might be helpful.
> 
> > I don't think I quite understand your point here.
> 
> > A mail transaction typically goes like this:
> > <tcp connection> from high port to port 25 of the server
> > The server checks up the reverse DNS of the client.
> > S: 220 <server.hostname> [ESMTP]
> > C: HELO <client.hostname> (or EHLO for ESMTP)
> > S: 250 Ok
> > C: MAIL FROM:<sender@example.com>
> > S: 250 Ok
> > C: RCPT TO:<recipient@example.net>
> > S: 250 Ok
> > ... (client adds more RCPT TOs here)
> > C: Data
> > S: 354 Send CRLF.CRLF to end
> > Message headers
> 
> > Message Body
> > .
> > S: 250 Ok
> > quit
> > S: 221 Ok
> > <tcp connection teardown>
> 
> Of course.
> 
> > Now, you know the actual message size only after the data was sent. 
> 
> Well, you know the maximum OFFERED size by then.

Offered? The server shows a limit on the message size offered. We
already know that. The question is whether the client will honour that
limit (real mail servers supporting ESMTP do, and won't send the message
on at all).

> 
> IF during the transfer, the recipient's inbox overflows (and, if they are the 
> ONLY addressee there for the message!) you no longer have to be concerned
> about how much more there might be in the wings... once you've decided that
> the message is "too big" and is going to be bounced.  You don't HAVE to keep 
> receiving the rest of it, at that point.

You do have to receive the rest of it.

> > If the client sends a ehlo, it may send a size value, but that cannot be
> > known to be correct. The message headers and body are part of the
> > message itself, as part as SMTP is concerned.
> 
> Sure, but that doesn't mean that the connection can't be dropped DURING
> the body transfer.

See the RFCs. It does mean exactly that.

Devdas Bhagat

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Subject: Re: [Asrg] SICS
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>>> The message headers and body are part of the message itself, as
>>> part as SMTP is concerned.
>> Sure, but that doesn't mean that the connection can't be dropped
>> DURING the body transfer.
> See the RFCs.  It does mean exactly that.

Well, it doesn't *mean* that, exactly.

I'm not sure which RFC specifies that the server is not permitted to
drop the connection if it feels like it, if indeed there is such a
specification (I can't recall one offhand, but I'm willing to
tentatively believe that there is one).  However, the client must be
prepared to handle it if it happens; servers do crash.

It also seems like no less reasonable a thing to do than a lot of the
other things that are done when dealing with spam and associated
issues, including a number that violate the RFCs (such as non-relay
hosts dissecting message headers, or my own "half-open hell" tactic for
dealing with hosts that retry too fast).

/~\ The ASCII				der Mouse
\ / Ribbon Campaign
 X  Against HTML	       mouse@rodents.montreal.qc.ca
/ \ Email!	     7D C8 61 52 5D E7 2D 39  4E F1 31 3E E8 B3 27 4B

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On 26/12/04 02:17 -0500, der Mouse wrote:
> >>> The message headers and body are part of the message itself, as
> >>> part as SMTP is concerned.
> >> Sure, but that doesn't mean that the connection can't be dropped
> >> DURING the body transfer.
> > See the RFCs.  It does mean exactly that.
> 
> Well, it doesn't *mean* that, exactly.
> 
> I'm not sure which RFC specifies that the server is not permitted to
> drop the connection if it feels like it, if indeed there is such a
> specification (I can't recall one offhand, but I'm willing to
> tentatively believe that there is one).  However, the client must be
> prepared to handle it if it happens; servers do crash.

RFC 0821

Page 25, description of the quit command:
            The receiver should not close the transmission channel until
            it receives and replies to a QUIT command (even if there was
            an error).  The sender should not close the transmission
            channel until it send a QUIT command and receives the reply
            (even if there was an error response to a previous command).
            If the connection is closed prematurely the receiver should
            act as if a RSET command had been received (canceling any
            pending transaction, but not undoing any previously
            completed transaction), the sender should act as if the
            command or transaction in progress had received a temporary
            error (4xx).

RFC 2821 clarifies (section 4.1.1.10):
   The receiver MUST NOT intentionally close the transmission channel
   until it receives and replies to a QUIT command (even if there was an
   error).  The sender MUST NOT intentionally close the transmission
   channel until it sends a QUIT command and SHOULD wait until it
   receives the reply (even if there was an error response to a previous
   command).  If the connection is closed prematurely due to violations
   of the above or system or network failure, the server MUST cancel any
   pending transaction, but not undo any previously completed
   transaction, and generally MUST act as if the command or transaction
   in progress had received a temporary error (i.e., a 4yz response).

> 
> It also seems like no less reasonable a thing to do than a lot of the
> other things that are done when dealing with spam and associated
> issues, including a number that violate the RFCs (such as non-relay
> hosts dissecting message headers, or my own "half-open hell" tactic for
> dealing with hosts that retry too fast).

However, this would play hell with hosts that play by the rules (ISP
outbound relay servers, for example, which need not be the same as their
submission servers).

Devdas Bhagat

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>Ten years ago there were lots of e-mail
>services that charged by the message.  Now they're all dead.  This
>is a big hint.
>

Of course, nothing has changed in the last 10 years. Nothing ever does,
right? And besides, there have been a lot of businesses that did the other
thing, and have gone also. I just love these "common-sense" arguments.

 



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On December 25, 2004 at 05:27 devdas@dvb.homelinux.org (Devdas Bhagat) wrote:
 > On 24/12/04 18:39 -0500, Barry Shein wrote:
 > > 
 > > I suspect what you describe is the future of mailing lists. It answers
 > > the problem of "if email delivery were charged for then what happens
 > > to all those free mailing lists with large distributions?"
 > > 
 > > Well, easy, subscribing will mean just picking up the current
 > > edition/messages just like one might pick up their personal mail with
 > > pop or imap, if . Closed mailing lists of course could require
 > > password protection, etc.
 > > 
 > And hence we reinvent ... usenet.

Well, if I were designing such a system, NNTP/NNRP (the usenet reader
protocol) would certainly be something to consider, clearly it works
for usenet and has similarities to this problem.

I think usenet would have been a much more powerful influence (not
that it wasn't already) had the interfaces been merged with e-mail
interfaces.

That might be the main features distinguishing mailing lists and
usenet, really, tho putting it through a single source creates the
possibility of moderation and subscriber control which usenet's
flooding algorithms never really did (or at best very weakly via
flawed moderation and distribution control schemes.)

While we're on the subject, usenet does provide a sobering lesson. I
think if you asked people who accessed usenet daily, for a decade or
more, why the don't any long I think they'd usually say "the
spam/abuse just got overwhelming, and when others of clue and good
intention were driven away there was no point any longer."

Then again, it would seem to fulfull Yogi Berra's "nobody goes there
anymore, it's too crowded."

-- 
        -Barry Shein

Software Tool & Die    | bzs@TheWorld.com           | http://www.TheWorld.com
Purveyors to the Trade | Voice: 617-739-0202        | Login: 617-739-WRLD
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From asrg-bounces@ietf.org  Sun Dec 26 15:22:07 2004
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I suspect the solution, one way or another, to spam will be
per-message charging (with various schemes like first 1000/month
included with monthly fee.)

At this point it will likely happen either:

a) As a syndicate of ISPs (with govts' blessing to forestall the
amateur anti-trust lawyers in the crowd) which would pressure other
ISPs who resist to install a charging system (e.g., they'll get
settlement bills and, eventually, shut-off notices.) In economics this
is called "pricing power".

b) Unfortunately, more likely is that much of what we see will
collapse in utility to the point that most end-user services will be
provided by RBOCs and PTTs, most everyone else having gone bankrupt or
fled from the email biz, and they'll just stick a $.15 or whatever per
msg fee (think: SMS) because there's money in charging for things and,
as organizations, they don't fret a lot about how happy people are
about that because they're monopolies! They're usually pretty good at
making competing leakage illegal by fiat, and considering that the
vast majority of the internet runs on their infrastructure they do
have their "in".

Of course, some success here could change that future (I feel like I'm
entering into the worst dialogue of "The Matrix" trilogy so I'll
stop.)


-- 
        -Barry Shein

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From asrg-bounces@ietf.org  Sun Dec 26 15:54:48 2004
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Well, if:

a) the incremental cost to the end-user due to being zombied were just
a few dollars (US example)

b) AND we could get to the point where we could say with certainty
that this wouldn't have happened had one been running more modern
software or even some easily installed free online package, so it's
clearly a cost transfer which shouldn't be rewarded.

Then I think the problem would tend to abate.

I don't have any data on how many email msgs any one zombie usually
turns out but my guess is that it's a tiny proportion of the problem
so the arithmetic might work, particularly coupled with some sort of
reliable early warning system from the ISP (WARNING: You usually send
33 msgs/month, yesterday your computer sent 1,243 which will cause you
$0.27 in excess mail charges, CHECK FOR VIRUSES: click here...)

I guess what I'm saying is that as easy as it is to cook up doomsday
scenarios to make it all seem unworkable it's also not too difficult
to model all this so it would just effectively nag people into
improving their behavior.

The real missing item is some definitive detection and cure, and of
course a lot of PR to convince people that if they see an extra $1.80
on their bill or got a warning etc they probably deserved it CHECK NOW
(visions of CNN etc doing spots on this etc.)

-- 
        -Barry Shein

Software Tool & Die    | bzs@TheWorld.com           | http://www.TheWorld.com
Purveyors to the Trade | Voice: 617-739-0202        | Login: 617-739-WRLD
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From: Laird Breyer <laird@lbreyer.com>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Spam, defined, and permissions
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On Dec 26 2004, Barry Shein wrote:
> 
> I suspect the solution, one way or another, to spam will be
> per-message charging (with various schemes like first 1000/month
> included with monthly fee.)
> 

Why do you think that charging a third party who isn't sending the spam
a visible fee is going to make that third party go seek out the spam
senders and neutralize them, so as not to be charged further?

Here third party = user, sender = user's zombie, and I would think
that the user will want to limit his costs by leaving the ISP rather
than fixing his PC. After all cost of new PC >> cost of ISP rent.

It's also interesting that if you substitute third party = some ISP,
sender = some spammer who uses that ISP, and visible fee = IP subnet
bans, then you end up with the discredited blacklist concept.


-- 
Laird Breyer.

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From asrg-bounces@ietf.org  Sun Dec 26 19:52:57 2004
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From: John Levine <asrg@johnlevine.com>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] The pay-per message myth again
In-Reply-To: <E1CiVCp-00027s-ED@argon.connect.org.uk>
Organization: I.E.C.C., Trumansburg NY USA
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>>Ten years ago there were lots of e-mail services that charged by the
>>message.  Now they're all dead.  This is a big hint.

>Of course, nothing has changed in the last 10 years. Nothing ever does,
>right? And besides, there have been a lot of businesses that did the other
>thing, and have gone also. I just love these "common-sense" arguments.

I'm sorry, but other than that you're trying to be snide, I don't
understand what point you're trying to make.

Of course things have changed in 10 years.  In 1994 there was no giant
unmetered e-mail infrastructure, and there were people willing to pay
per message for e-mail.  Today SMTP exists everywhere, and as I noted
the pay per message services are gone.

It's blindingly obvious that a system that really did charge all
senders even a little bit per message wouldn't have a spam problem, so
why don't we have pay per message email?

The only ppm service of which I'm aware these days is SMS, the text
message add-on to cell service.  PPM charges mirrors cell service
charges.  In North America, where mobile users pay for both incoming
and outgoing calls, PPM is charged per message in both directions.
Carriers all offer message bundles similar to minute bundles that are
a lot cheaper than individual messages.  Elsewhere in the world where
mobile service is all caller-pays, sending SMS costs money, receiving
SMS is free.  Is SMS the wave of the future?  I doubt it.

For one thing, the assumption that you can get people to pay for all
of the messages is wildly optimistic.  I was talking to a security
manager at Vodaphone earlier this year, and he told me that they have
a moderate number of gateways through which messages SMS can be sent
into their SMS system, and they have constatnt problems with spam
gushing in through them due to some combination of configuration
errors and hacks.  Maybe they can fix it, but as I've noted before if
email costs real money, there will be constant attacks to either avoid
paying or (the zombie problem) to charge the messages to someone else.

Also, people who do serious messaging on their cell phones don't pay
per message now.  If you use something like a Blackberry, you don't
pay per message, you use GPRS and pay for bandwidth, or more typically
a (rather high) flat rate, just like everyone else who uses e-mail.

So what am I missing?  Unless you believe that spam will get so awful
that people will turn off SMTP mail, it's hard to see how you're going
to get an interesting number of users to move to something that costs
more and can only exchange messages with other people on the same
system.

Regards,
John Levine, johnl@iecc.com, Primary Perpetrator of "The Internet for Dummies",
Information Superhighwayman wanna-be, http://www.johnlevine.com, Mayor
"More Wiener schnitzel, please", said Tom, revealingly.


-- 
John R. Levine, IECC, POB 727, Trumansburg NY 14886 +1 607 330 5711
johnl@iecc.com, Mayor, http://johnlevine.com, 
Member, Provisional board, Coalition Against Unsolicited Commercial E-mail

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Subject: Re: [Asrg] SICS
To: asrg@ietf.org, <laird@lbreyer.com>
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>>> Obviously we want to reduce spam volume.  My approach is all about that.

>> From your arguments, I have the strong impression that your approach
is entirely unrelated to the problem being discussed in this
thread. 

>> Your goal is to reduce the number of spam messages visible to end
users. 

That's part of it, but only a part.

Let's not confuse spam QUANTITY (number of messages) with spam VOLUME (number of 
messages * average size of a spam message).

> That's a good goal, but has nothing to do with reducing the
amount of data processed by ISPs who operate SMTP server farms for
their customers. Let's not mix up the issues.

I disagree.

First, if we were ever to reach the state where ZERO (or near zero) spam 
messages reached end recipients, then spamming would be 100% without profitable 
return to the spammers... it wouldn't continue for long under such conditions.

Second, if spammers get the message that spam containing attachments or that is 
HTML-burdened has GREATLY REDUCED chances of being delivered and read, then 
they're likely to stop using those approaches (and those approaches hugely 
inflate the size of most spam messages).  Thus, a likely HUGE reduction in spam 
volume (including, in particular, that which ISPs receive and process).  

Gordon Peterson                  http://personal.terabites.com/
1977-2002  Twenty-fifth anniversary year of Local Area Networking!
Support free and fair US elections!  http://stickers.defend-democracy.org
12/19/98: Partisan Republicans scornfully ignore the voters they "represent".
12/09/00: the date the Republican Party took down democracy in America.



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From: Laird Breyer <laird@lbreyer.com>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] SICS
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On Dec 27 2004, gep2@terabites.com wrote:

> >> Your goal is to reduce the number of spam messages visible to end
> users.
> 
> That's part of it, but only a part.  Let's not confuse spam QUANTITY
> (number of messages) with spam VOLUME (number of messages * average
> size of a spam message).

I don't see how you are arguing for any reduction of volume at ISPs,
since you want to accept all messages presented via SMTP, analyze them
and perhaps reject afterwards. What that represents is a reduction in
quantity visible to the end user only.

> 
> > That's a good goal, but has nothing to do with reducing the
> amount of data processed by ISPs who operate SMTP server farms for
> their customers. Let's not mix up the issues.
> 
> I disagree.
> 
> First, if we were ever to reach the state where ZERO (or near zero)
> spam messages reached end recipients, then spamming would be 100%
> without profitable return to the spammers... it wouldn't continue
> for long under such conditions.

That isn't the issue discussed. Long before your client side solution
hopefully blocks 100% of spam for all users, ISPs must address
increasing volume or change their offerings.

Moreover, I am far from convinced that spammers will stop sending mail
just because near zero messages reach the recipients. Given unlimited
resources for free, the correct response to dwindling success rate is
to increase quantity. Whether people actually see spams in their
inboxes is irrelevant for ISPs, as they still have to find a way to
deal with the spams sent to them.

>  Second, if spammers get the message that spam containing
> attachments or that is HTML-burdened has GREATLY REDUCED chances of
> being delivered and read, then they're likely to stop using those
> approaches (and those approaches hugely inflate the size of most
> spam messages).  Thus, a likely HUGE reduction in spam volume
> (including, in particular, that which ISPs receive and process).

No. Spam volume isn't controlled by HTML, you'd have to outlaw the
MIME standard, otherwise people and spammers can send image
attachments, Word attachments etc. But outlawing MIME won't help
anyway, as people can fall back on uuencode type methods, which are
plain text. The huge reduction in volume you're hoping for based on
message structure will never happen.

-- 
Laird Breyer.

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Devdas Bhagat replied to der Mouse who replied to Gordon Peterson:
(I've changed the subject to reflect the actual content - which I 
believe helps recipients - I think users of this list, of all people, 
should try to adhere to this simple Net-etiquette :-)

 >>> > 2)  billing infected users for the spam their zombie-ized machine
 >>> >     sends will drive users off the Net (which ultimately helps
 >>> >     nobody).
 >
 >>
 >> I'm not convinced - that it would help nobody, that is.
 >>
 >> It's reached the point where I would consider disconnecting everyone
 >> with a zombied machine an acceptable price; I believe every such person

 > I would agree with this. However, for most ISPs in the US, the cost of
 > dealing with support calls is likely to be higher than the savings from
 > the subscriber. Far cheaper is blocking port 25 wholesale across
 > non business customer connections, which does result in tanglible
 > benefits to the Internet.

I agree with both of you, and I don't think there's a contradiction. 
Actually, I think charging for spam may actually work quite well... In 
particular when we focus on messages which contain objectionable 
contents (e.g. ads) without appropriate warning label (the type of spam 
that SICS focuses on).

What I think could work is a voluntary mechanism for mail servers and 
users, which ensures penalties for mislabeled mail. This mechanism would 
allow different customers and their outgoind mail servers to pick the 
best agreement for their needs, among:

1 - Not labeling outgoing mail - no penalties, but this mail is more 
likely to be rejected by recipients (and MTAs).
2 - Labeling only by the sender and/or third party, sending mail server 
not involved - this allows clients to use such a solution even if using 
a mail server that does not, or if they can get better terms.

and now to the more intersting cases where the sending MTA _does_ label 
the mail (or approves the label from the customer):

3 - Customer is charged on every mis-labeled message (and server imposes 
some limit on amount of messages sent which may yet turn out to be 
spam). If your machine became a zombie, it's your lack of responsibility 
and you pay for it (but at least you know pretty soon about this!). Same 
as if your pet goes biting people...

4 - Customer is charged a `flat fee` which typically will include also 
filtering his incoming and outgoind mail for spam, and anti-virus 
support (to reduce chance of his machine becoming a zombie). Same as 
buying liability insurance...

5 - existing model: customer is not formally charged, but pays (in some 
way) for each account and accounts are terminated on detecting spamming...

Best, Amir Herzberg




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From asrg-bounces@ietf.org  Mon Dec 27 10:44:27 2004
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From: "Hannigan, Martin" <hannigan@verisign.com>
To: "'gep2@terabites.com'" <gep2@terabites.com>, asrg@ietf.org,
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Subject: RE: [Asrg] Spam, defined, and permissions
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Sure it makes sense. To the end user. This pushes UP costs to the
ISP since you blow the aggregation model out of the water and must
now guarantee a certain amount of space across every user.

-M<


--
Martin Hannigan                         (c) 617-388-2663
VeriSign, Inc.                          (w) 703-948-7018
Network Engineer IV                       Operations & Infrastructure
hannigan@verisign.com



> -----Original Message-----
> From: asrg-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:asrg-bounces@ietf.org]On Behalf Of
> gep2@terabites.com
> Sent: Saturday, December 25, 2004 7:57 PM
> To: asrg@ietf.org; jrk@merseymail.com
> Subject: Re: [Asrg] Spam, defined, and permissions
> 
> 
> >>>> push the message storage to the user end (where it 
> probably ought to
> >be)
> 
> >>> Why is that?
> 
> >>1) Scaleability. There is far more aggregate processing power and
> >aggregate
> >disk space available within the user community to store messages than
> >within any of the ISPs own data centers.
> 
> > While this may be true, 
> 
> I think it's almost CERTAINLY true, and probably by a LARGE factor.
> 
> > ...such an approach might *consume* more of these
> resources (and bandwidth) than would rejection upstream. i.e. 
> you'd have to
> do a lot of figuring to convince me that n GB at end user is 
> cheaper than m
> GB further upstream, given that we know very little about the 
> values of n,m
> .
> 
> Rejection upstream saves sending the data through the Net but 
> I think the 
> evidence is NOT at all in that:
> 
>   1)  we can successfully define a universally agreeable 
> standard and get it 
> adopted in a timely way;
> 
>   2)  it doesn't suit recipients BETTER to give them 
> accessible copies of ALL 
> their mail, including the stuff that was quarantined/rejected 
> (which means that 
> in effect, one must (at least be prepared to) transfer the 
> spam too anyway).
> 
> >>2) Cost. Both disk space and CPU cycles are probably cheaper at most
> >end-user machines, too... most users probably have cheap(er) 
> IDE disk drives, >
> 
> > Well, yes, but this (and the bandwidth) becomes an extra 
> cost of mail
> service. Is this what end-users want? Would they pay (perhaps 
> more) for
> something else? 
> 
> Right now, I think that they want to be rid of the annoyance 
> of having to deal 
> with spam, spoofing, viruses, worms, scams, and phishing.  We 
> could spend 
> another five years or ten years debating how to implement 
> that in an ideal way 
> (and it's a moving target!);  meanwhile the users get angry, 
> legislators look at 
> (usually stupid) legislative remedies, and halfassed stupid 
> crap like SPF and 
> other DNS-based "solutions" (that aren't, really) get 
> implemented which mostly 
> just screws things up further.  I'd rather see us come up 
> with something that 
> would make a major, visible improvement and do so quickly, 
> and which users would 
> feel like they had meaningful control over.  If we don't do 
> it here, and soon, 
> we'll end up coming up with the "nice" and elegant solution 
> that the world has 
> already passed by.
> 
> > Also, see the point about *consumption* above. It's all
> very well hypothesising about costs, but some consideration 
> of potential
> benefits would go well here. Remember that the MTS is 
> supposed to offer
> service to a very wide range of end-user hardware (and pockets).
>   
> Sure.
> 
> >>3) Responsibility. 
> 
> > Obviously attractive to an ISP in certain circumstances, 
> but it's not just
> the ISP view we're considering here.
> 
> Right.
> 
> >>4) Control. 
> 
> > Indeed, but this isn't an argument against user control 
> being implemented
> upstream.
> 
> Right again, but then (1) the user has to pay OTHER people 
> and OTHER systems (at 
> a higher cost, probably, than his own) to do (hopefully) what 
> he needs;  and (2) 
> we're likely to spend years defining a one-size-fits-all 
> solution (to a 
> moving-target problem) which will end up never converging on 
> something that 
> everyone can agree on (we've seen a lot of that going on here 
> already).
> 
> > It seems to me that your position amounts to saying that we 
> (the community)
> don't have a spam problem, end-users have a spam problem.  Is 
> this right?
> 
> Certainly the BULK of the problem is the problem that 
> end-users see, including 
> getting their own machines infected and thus greatly 
> contributing to the problem 
> net-wide.  I don't think that the greater Net-wide spam 
> problem has a PRAYER of 
> being solved until we solve the problem at the end-user level 
> (including notably 
> the virus/worm/spambot/zombie problem).
> 
> 
> Gordon Peterson                  http://personal.terabites.com/
> 1977-2002  Twenty-fifth anniversary year of Local Area Networking!
> Support free and fair US elections!  
http://stickers.defend-democracy.org
12/19/98: Partisan Republicans scornfully ignore the voters they
"represent".
12/09/00: the date the Republican Party took down democracy in America.



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From asrg-bounces@ietf.org  Mon Dec 27 10:50:02 2004
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From: "Hannigan, Martin" <hannigan@verisign.com>
To: "'John Levine'" <asrg@johnlevine.com>, asrg@ietf.org
Subject: RE: [Asrg] Spam, defined, and permissions
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The spam problem was non existent 10 years ago. 

I am not proposing a charge for the average user. I'm saying
that a base service be included with the standard service and 
some parameters be biult around that for "normal" usage. Above
and beyond, I'd advocate blocks. At a certain point, the blocks
simply turn into a "contact us at 1-800..." and it's discussed and
possibly paid in advance.

Call centers pay in advance. They are technically telco-spam.

I don't think my idea is unique, although it's more informed than
10 years ago. And it _could_ be refined to work - and possibly
sold to tier 1's. If tier1's did it, it would be a domino effect.

Vision:

End of month peering reconciliation breaks out peers by protocols
including SMTP and a higher or lower bit cost is applied based on
the agreements. This enables SP's to break out the actual cost of
SMTP bits and align it in their products and build more effect
service offerings knowing the true costs.

All this "spam costs X and Y" is largely unreliable because it's
all guesswork and doesn't look at the built in bits cost.

--
Martin Hannigan                         (c) 617-388-2663
VeriSign, Inc.                          (w) 703-948-7018
Network Engineer IV                       Operations & Infrastructure
hannigan@verisign.com



> -----Original Message-----
> From: asrg-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:asrg-bounces@ietf.org]On Behalf Of
> John Levine
> Sent: Friday, December 24, 2004 11:27 PM
> To: asrg@ietf.org
> Cc: sethb@panix.com
> Subject: Re: [Asrg] Spam, defined, and permissions
> 
> 
> >> First 100 emails out or in are free, beyond that, there's a fee.
> >
> >So you're going to charge me more for _receiving_ spam?  I 
> don't think
> >your ISP is going to succeed in the marketplace.
> 
> >> If its too expensive to spam, they'll stop. This, IMHO, is the only
> >> way to stop them.  Follow a telco billing model and "exchange" mail
> >> minutes.
> >
> >The spammers won't buy your measured service, either.
> 
> Neither will anyone else.  Ten years ago there were lots of e-mail
> services that charged by the message.  Now they're all dead.  This
> is a big hint.
> 
> -- 
> John R. Levine, IECC, POB 727, Trumansburg NY 14886 +1 607 330 5711
> johnl@iecc.com, Mayor, http://johnlevine.com, 
> Member, Provisional board, Coalition Against Unsolicited 
> Commercial E-mail
> 
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg
> 

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From asrg-bounces@ietf.org  Mon Dec 27 11:14:39 2004
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From: "Hannigan, Martin" <hannigan@verisign.com>
To: "'Seth Breidbart'" <sethb@panix.com>, asrg@ietf.org
Subject: RE: [Asrg] Spam, defined, and permissions
Date: Mon, 27 Dec 2004 11:10:21 -0500
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I don't want them to buy my service. I want them to buy
an ISPs service and when that ISP sees that a real cost
has been applied to SMTP traffic, they'll act to protect
their own financial interest and it'll have nothing to do
with anyone else.

To me, it seems like the perfect pyramid collapse.



--
Martin Hannigan                         (c) 617-388-2663
VeriSign, Inc.                          (w) 703-948-7018
Network Engineer IV                       Operations & Infrastructure
hannigan@verisign.com



> -----Original Message-----
> From: asrg-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:asrg-bounces@ietf.org]On Behalf Of
> Seth Breidbart
> Sent: Friday, December 24, 2004 2:59 PM
> To: asrg@ietf.org
> Subject: Re: [Asrg] Spam, defined, and permissions
> 
> 
> "Hannigan, Martin" <hannigan@verisign.com> top-posted:
> 
> > Why does everyone want to over complicate the problem?
> >
> > First 100 emails out or in are free, beyond that, there's a fee.
> 
> So you're going to charge me more for _receiving_ spam?  I don't think
> your ISP is going to succeed in the marketplace.
> 
> > If its too expensive to spam, they'll stop. This, IMHO, is the only
> > way to stop them.  Follow a telco billing model and "exchange" mail
> > minutes.
> 
> The spammers won't buy your measured service, either.
> 
> Seth
> 
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg
> 

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Subject: Re: [Asrg] The pay-per message myth again
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>>>Ten years ago there were lots of e-mail services that charged by the
>>>message.  Now they're all dead.  This is a big hint.
>
>
>>Of course, nothing has changed in the last 10 years. Nothing ever does,
>>right? And besides, there have been a lot of businesses that did the
>other
>>thing, and have gone also. I just love these "common-sense" arguments.
>
>I'm sorry, but other than that you're trying to be snide, I don't
>understand what point you're trying to make.
>

No, I'm pointing out a clearly fallacious argument. This is not to say that
your conclusions are wrong of course, but to say that pay-to-send can't
work in the future because it didn't work in the past is to say nothing
useful.


>Of course things have changed in 10 years.  In 1994 there was no giant
>unmetered e-mail infrastructure, and there were people willing to pay
>per message for e-mail.  Today SMTP exists everywhere, and as I noted
>the pay per message services are gone.
>
>It's blindingly obvious that a system that really did charge all
>senders even a little bit per message wouldn't have a spam problem, so
>why don't we have pay per message email?
>
>The only ppm service of which I'm aware these days is SMS, the text
>message add-on to cell service.  PPM charges mirrors cell service
>charges.  In North America, where mobile users pay for both incoming
>and outgoing calls, PPM is charged per message in both directions.
>Carriers all offer message bundles similar to minute bundles that are
>a lot cheaper than individual messages.  Elsewhere in the world where
>mobile service is all caller-pays, sending SMS costs money, receiving
>SMS is free.  Is SMS the wave of the future?  I doubt it.
>

It's interesting that you mention SMS, in the European market, 160 billion
messages are exchanged per month
[ http://www.gsmworld.com/documents/netsize_guide2004_mda.pdf ](I haven't
got a good figure for email to hand - probably rather more, but how many
are spam :-) ). So it seems foolish to speculate about SMS *in the future*
- while the US 'cellphone' biz is weak by comparison, in most of the
'developed' world SMS *is* the asynchronous messaging channel of choice for
for some big (and important) user-groups.

>For one thing, the assumption that you can get people to pay for all
>of the messages is wildly optimistic.  I was talking to a security
>manager at Vodaphone earlier this year, and he told me that they have
>a moderate number of gateways through which messages SMS can be sent
>into their SMS system, and they have constatnt problems with spam
>gushing in through them due to some combination of configuration
>errors and hacks.  Maybe they can fix it, but as I've noted before if
>email costs real money, there will be constant attacks to either avoid
>paying or (the zombie problem) to charge the messages to someone else.
>

I've seen a lot of *very* poorly secured web/SMS gateways and I'm sure that
there exist all sorts of other ways that spam gets into the system that
could (and should) be closed.


>Also, people who do serious messaging on their cell phones don't pay
>per message now.  If you use something like a Blackberry, you don't
>pay per message, you use GPRS and pay for bandwidth, or more typically
>a (rather high) flat rate, just like everyone else who uses e-mail.
>

I think you'll find that a lot of email is sent using somebody else's
bandwidth. Apart from that, I'm not sure what "serious messaging" is:
is 100 users each sending 1MB messages more 'serious' than 100K users
sending 10 of 100 character messages per day?


>So what am I missing?  Unless you believe that spam will get so awful
>that people will turn off SMTP mail, it's hard to see how you're going
>to get an interesting number of users to move to something that costs
>more and can only exchange messages with other people on the same
>system.
>

No, rather, spam gets so bad that people are prepared to incur costs
reducing the pain. I don't know (any more than you, perhaps) what that
means. Do they move to other channels? Closed systems? Spend on hardware
and bandwith so that their PCs can cope?

Presumably the market will respond to the problem in a way that tends to
maximise the utility of the system for the largest number of participants?
Oh no, wait, I meant to say: "maximise profits for those with the most
control over the current system".






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Subject: RE: [Asrg] Spam, defined, and permissions
To: "Hannigan, Martin" <hannigan@verisign.com>, asrg@ietf.org,
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On Mon, 27 Dec 2004, "Hannigan, Martin" <hannigan@verisign.com> wrote:
>
>Sure it makes sense. To the end user. 

Doing something that makes sense to the end user is a good first step..  :-)

>This pushes UP costs to the
>ISP since you blow the aggregation model out of the water and must
>now guarantee a certain amount of space across every user.

I'm not sure I understand what you mean by that... care to be a bit more lucid?

If you're talking about DISK space, then (again) I claim that the amount of disk 
space (at today's prices) is ridiculously cheap, not worth talking about in the 
overall scheme of things.  (Even the FREE ISPs are giving from 250Mb, 500Mb, or 
1Gb of disk space for E-mail messages... even with mirroring, that's no more 
than a dollar or so per user, which is NOT a significant percentage of the total 
ISP operating costs.  And the ISPs that get paid by the month get paid SO much 
more (every month!) than the cost of the disk space involved that the disk space 
cost (once!) is absolutely lost in the noise.)

>
>-M<
>
>
>--
>Martin Hannigan                         (c) 617-388-2663
>VeriSign, Inc.                          (w) 703-948-7018
>Network Engineer IV                       Operations & Infrastructure
>hannigan@verisign.com
>
>
>
>> -----Original Message-----
>> From: asrg-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:asrg-bounces@ietf.org]On Behalf Of
>> gep2@terabites.com
>> Sent: Saturday, December 25, 2004 7:57 PM
>> To: asrg@ietf.org; jrk@merseymail.com
>> Subject: Re: [Asrg] Spam, defined, and permissions
>> 
>> 
>> >>>> push the message storage to the user end (where it 
>> probably ought to
>> >be)
>> 
>> >>> Why is that?
>> 
>> >>1) Scaleability. There is far more aggregate processing power and
>> >aggregate
>> >disk space available within the user community to store messages than
>> >within any of the ISPs own data centers.
>> 
>> > While this may be true, 
>> 
>> I think it's almost CERTAINLY true, and probably by a LARGE factor.
>> 
>> > ...such an approach might *consume* more of these
>> resources (and bandwidth) than would rejection upstream. i.e. 
>> you'd have to
>> do a lot of figuring to convince me that n GB at end user is 
>> cheaper than m
>> GB further upstream, given that we know very little about the 
>> values of n,m
>> .
>> 
>> Rejection upstream saves sending the data through the Net but 
>> I think the 
>> evidence is NOT at all in that:
>> 
>>   1)  we can successfully define a universally agreeable 
>> standard and get it 
>> adopted in a timely way;
>> 
>>   2)  it doesn't suit recipients BETTER to give them 
>> accessible copies of ALL 
>> their mail, including the stuff that was quarantined/rejected 
>> (which means that 
>> in effect, one must (at least be prepared to) transfer the 
>> spam too anyway).
>> 
>> >>2) Cost. Both disk space and CPU cycles are probably cheaper at most
>> >end-user machines, too... most users probably have cheap(er) 
>> IDE disk drives, >
>> 
>> > Well, yes, but this (and the bandwidth) becomes an extra 
>> cost of mail
>> service. Is this what end-users want? Would they pay (perhaps 
>> more) for
>> something else? 
>> 
>> Right now, I think that they want to be rid of the annoyance 
>> of having to deal 
>> with spam, spoofing, viruses, worms, scams, and phishing.  We 
>> could spend 
>> another five years or ten years debating how to implement 
>> that in an ideal way 
>> (and it's a moving target!);  meanwhile the users get angry, 
>> legislators look at 
>> (usually stupid) legislative remedies, and halfassed stupid 
>> crap like SPF and 
>> other DNS-based "solutions" (that aren't, really) get 
>> implemented which mostly 
>> just screws things up further.  I'd rather see us come up 
>> with something that 
>> would make a major, visible improvement and do so quickly, 
>> and which users would 
>> feel like they had meaningful control over.  If we don't do 
>> it here, and soon, 
>> we'll end up coming up with the "nice" and elegant solution 
>> that the world has 
>> already passed by.
>> 
>> > Also, see the point about *consumption* above. It's all
>> very well hypothesising about costs, but some consideration 
>> of potential
>> benefits would go well here. Remember that the MTS is 
>> supposed to offer
>> service to a very wide range of end-user hardware (and pockets).
>>   
>> Sure.
>> 
>> >>3) Responsibility. 
>> 
>> > Obviously attractive to an ISP in certain circumstances, 
>> but it's not just
>> the ISP view we're considering here.
>> 
>> Right.
>> 
>> >>4) Control. 
>> 
>> > Indeed, but this isn't an argument against user control 
>> being implemented
>> upstream.
>> 
>> Right again, but then (1) the user has to pay OTHER people 
>> and OTHER systems (at 
>> a higher cost, probably, than his own) to do (hopefully) what 
>> he needs;  and (2) 
>> we're likely to spend years defining a one-size-fits-all 
>> solution (to a 
>> moving-target problem) which will end up never converging on 
>> something that 
>> everyone can agree on (we've seen a lot of that going on here 
>> already).
>> 
>> > It seems to me that your position amounts to saying that we 
>> (the community)
>> don't have a spam problem, end-users have a spam problem.  Is 
>> this right?
>> 
>> Certainly the BULK of the problem is the problem that 
>> end-users see, including 
>> getting their own machines infected and thus greatly 
>> contributing to the problem 
>> net-wide.  I don't think that the greater Net-wide spam 
>> problem has a PRAYER of 
>> being solved until we solve the problem at the end-user level 
>> (including notably 
>> the virus/worm/spambot/zombie problem).
>> 
>> 
>> Gordon Peterson                  http://personal.terabites.com/
>> 1977-2002  Twenty-fifth anniversary year of Local Area Networking!
>> Support free and fair US elections!  
>http://stickers.defend-democracy.org
>12/19/98: Partisan Republicans scornfully ignore the voters they
>"represent".
>12/09/00: the date the Republican Party took down democracy in America.
>
>
>
>_______________________________________________
>Asrg mailing list
>Asrg@ietf.org
>https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg
>.
>
>
Gordon Peterson                  http://personal.terabites.com/
1977-2002  Twenty-fifth anniversary year of Local Area Networking!
Support free and fair US elections!  http://stickers.defend-democracy.org
12/19/98: Partisan Republicans scornfully ignore the voters they "represent".
12/09/00: the date the Republican Party took down democracy in America.



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From: "Hannigan, Martin" <hannigan@verisign.com>
To: ASRG <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] The pay-per message myth again
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> -----Original Message-----
> From: asrg-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:asrg-bounces@ietf.org]On Behalf Of
> Jon Kyme
> Sent: Monday, December 27, 2004 12:17 PM
> To: ASRG
> Cc: John Levine
> Subject: Re: [Asrg] The pay-per message myth again
> 
> 
> >>>Ten years ago there were lots of e-mail services that 
> charged by the
> >>>message.  Now they're all dead.  This is a big hint.
> >
> >
> >>Of course, nothing has changed in the last 10 years. 
> Nothing ever does,
> >>right? And besides, there have been a lot of businesses that did the
> >other
> >>thing, and have gone also. I just love these "common-sense" 
> arguments.
> >
> >I'm sorry, but other than that you're trying to be snide, I don't
> >understand what point you're trying to make.
> >
> 
> No, I'm pointing out a clearly fallacious argument. This is 
> not to say that
> your conclusions are wrong of course, but to say that 
> pay-to-send can't
> work in the future because it didn't work in the past is to 
> say nothing
> useful.

Pay to send clearly does work in other models today. SMS, as mentioned
below is one. 

 
> >Of course things have changed in 10 years.  In 1994 there 
> was no giant
> >unmetered e-mail infrastructure, and there were people willing to pay
> >per message for e-mail.  Today SMTP exists everywhere, and as I noted
> >the pay per message services are gone.
> >
> >It's blindingly obvious that a system that really did charge all
> >senders even a little bit per message wouldn't have a spam 
> problem, so
> >why don't we have pay per message email?
> >
> >The only ppm service of which I'm aware these days is SMS, the text
> >message add-on to cell service.  PPM charges mirrors cell service
> >charges.  In North America, where mobile users pay for both incoming
> >and outgoing calls, PPM is charged per message in both directions.
> >Carriers all offer message bundles similar to minute bundles that are
> >a lot cheaper than individual messages.  Elsewhere in the world where
> >mobile service is all caller-pays, sending SMS costs money, receiving
> >SMS is free.  Is SMS the wave of the future?  I doubt it.
> >
> 
> It's interesting that you mention SMS, in the European 
> market, 160 billion
> messages are exchanged per month
> [ http://www.gsmworld.com/documents/netsize_guide2004_mda.pdf 
> ](I haven't
> got a good figure for email to hand - probably rather more, 
> but how many
> are spam :-) ). So it seems foolish to speculate about SMS 
> *in the future*
> - while the US 'cellphone' biz is weak by comparison, in most of the
> 'developed' world SMS *is* the asynchronous messaging channel 
> of choice for
> for some big (and important) user-groups.


I'll have to differ on the opine and insinuation regarding SMS not
being the wave of the future. It's already here and it's the absolute
rage in Europe and Asia. 


> 
> >For one thing, the assumption that you can get people to pay for all
> >of the messages is wildly optimistic.  I was talking to a security
> >manager at Vodaphone earlier this year, and he told me that they have
> >a moderate number of gateways through which messages SMS can be sent
> >into their SMS system, and they have constatnt problems with spam
> >gushing in through them due to some combination of configuration
> >errors and hacks.  Maybe they can fix it, but as I've noted before if
> >email costs real money, there will be constant attacks to 
> either avoid
> >paying or (the zombie problem) to charge the messages to 
> someone else.
> >
> 
> I've seen a lot of *very* poorly secured web/SMS gateways and 
> I'm sure that
> there exist all sorts of other ways that spam gets into the 
> system that
> could (and should) be closed.

And Vodafone is a telco. Their experience billing voice minutes, 
and their reliance on the revenue as a public company, will help
them resolve that issue, but it will *never* be gone. Fraud will
account for 3 to 8% of all their revenue across all product lines,
including SMS. But this is good. Telco's prosecute fraud under 
theft statutes which are more cut and dry than any electronic spam
statute I've seen is.

> >Also, people who do serious messaging on their cell phones don't pay
> >per message now.  If you use something like a Blackberry, you don't
> >pay per message, you use GPRS and pay for bandwidth, or more 
> typically
> >a (rather high) flat rate, just like everyone else who uses e-mail.
> >
> 

That is slightly inaccurate. I have a blackberry and I do have a message
cap before I must start paying.

> I think you'll find that a lot of email is sent using somebody else's
> bandwidth. Apart from that, I'm not sure what "serious messaging" is:
> is 100 users each sending 1MB messages more 'serious' than 100K users
> sending 10 of 100 character messages per day?

Serious messaging would be "us". But I will keep emphasizing that
"we" are not the target market anymore, we're simply the milk men.
In 1995? Yes. "Us". Today? "them".

Think "Milk and Cereal".

> >So what am I missing?  Unless you believe that spam will get so awful
> >that people will turn off SMTP mail, it's hard to see how 
> you're going
> >to get an interesting number of users to move to something that costs
> >more and can only exchange messages with other people on the same
> >system.
> >
> 
> No, rather, spam gets so bad that people are prepared to incur costs
> reducing the pain. I don't know (any more than you, perhaps) what that
> means. Do they move to other channels? Closed systems? Spend 
> on hardware
> and bandwith so that their PCs can cope?

Under the billing model, SPAM is eliminated. It becomes fraud.


> Presumably the market will respond to the problem in a way 
> that tends to
> maximise the utility of the system for the largest number of 
> participants?
> Oh no, wait, I meant to say: "maximise profits for those with the most
> control over the current system".

The market won't respond until it's lost revenue. We keep spawning
these technology areas that are fairly useless and of limited lifespan
i.e. IPS, IDS, etc. It's all fraud when it's revenue based.

If I were a fraud software developer I'd be buying some of these
companies that have been created related to this failure to address
these problems at the revenue and executive levels.

In fact, IMHO, we are partly to blame. We've consistently gone to our
management and said "we can do this" and "we can do that". It's time
to say "we can't do anything -- help us".


-M<

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From asrg-bounces@ietf.org  Mon Dec 27 13:45:09 2004
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Spam, defined, and permissions
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On Dec 27, 2004, at 9:40 AM, gep2@terabites.com wrote:

> If you're talking about DISK space, then (again) I claim that the 
> amount of disk
> space (at today's prices) is ridiculously cheap, not worth talking 
> about in the
> overall scheme of things.

A large mail system is very heavy on reads AND writes, so while disk 
space may be cheap, a system that supports actual use of that space is 
very expensive. The larger disks get, the harder and harder it gets to 
use all of the space on them. Very often you can't.

>   (Even the FREE ISPs are giving from 250Mb, 500Mb, or
> 1Gb of disk space for E-mail messages... even with mirroring, that's 
> no more
> than a dollar or so per user, which is NOT a significant percentage of 
> the total
> ISP operating costs.

The reason that these large quotas can be supported is not because of 
low storage costs, but because it's only a small subset of users that 
end up utilizing that kind of space. This trend will probably change 
over time as users become more savvy, but right now these power users 
are the minority. I am sure that anyone that offers this kind of space 
has done very careful study of disk usage patterns among their customer 
base. If all of their users suddenly decided to start using all of that 
space the result would likely be disastrous.

There is also the cost of maintenance for such a large disk farm, which 
requires skilled staff and good organization. Money saved on a cheap 
system comes back to haunt you when a single disk rebuild ends up 
taking most of a work day, extending the window where the dreaded 
double disk failure can occur. Not to mention the degraded performance 
that can be suffered with a rebuild on a busy system.

So, in the context of a mail system for sizable ISP, I would claim that 
storage is anything but cheap.

Peter


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Subject: Re: [Asrg] The pay-per message myth again
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Not to be facecious, but when does the research start or did I not read the
faq? 

I came to wirte an rfc, a bcp, develop a plan to put forth to the inet
communtiy, or help someone else. I've already heard all the for and against
arguments from a to z. Its clear that everyone understands "the problem" and
are formidable opponents to spam.

Now what?


Cheers,

-M
---
Martin Hannigan
hannigan@verisign.com
Verisign, Inc.


-----Original Message-----
From: asrg-bounces@ietf.org <asrg-bounces@ietf.org>
To: ASRG <asrg@ietf.org>
CC: John Levine <asrg@johnlevine.com>
Sent: Mon Dec 27 09:16:59 2004
Subject: Re: [Asrg] The pay-per message myth again

>>>Ten years ago there were lots of e-mail services that charged by the
>>>message.  Now they're all dead.  This is a big hint.
>
>
>>Of course, nothing has changed in the last 10 years. Nothing ever does,
>>right? And besides, there have been a lot of businesses that did the
>other
>>thing, and have gone also. I just love these "common-sense" arguments.
>
>I'm sorry, but other than that you're trying to be snide, I don't
>understand what point you're trying to make.
>

No, I'm pointing out a clearly fallacious argument. This is not to say that
your conclusions are wrong of course, but to say that pay-to-send can't
work in the future because it didn't work in the past is to say nothing
useful.


>Of course things have changed in 10 years.  In 1994 there was no giant
>unmetered e-mail infrastructure, and there were people willing to pay
>per message for e-mail.  Today SMTP exists everywhere, and as I noted
>the pay per message services are gone.
>
>It's blindingly obvious that a system that really did charge all
>senders even a little bit per message wouldn't have a spam problem, so
>why don't we have pay per message email?
>
>The only ppm service of which I'm aware these days is SMS, the text
>message add-on to cell service.  PPM charges mirrors cell service
>charges.  In North America, where mobile users pay for both incoming
>and outgoing calls, PPM is charged per message in both directions.
>Carriers all offer message bundles similar to minute bundles that are
>a lot cheaper than individual messages.  Elsewhere in the world where
>mobile service is all caller-pays, sending SMS costs money, receiving
>SMS is free.  Is SMS the wave of the future?  I doubt it.
>

It's interesting that you mention SMS, in the European market, 160 billion
messages are exchanged per month
[ http://www.gsmworld.com/documents/netsize_guide2004_mda.pdf ](I haven't
got a good figure for email to hand - probably rather more, but how many
are spam :-) ). So it seems foolish to speculate about SMS *in the future*
- while the US 'cellphone' biz is weak by comparison, in most of the
'developed' world SMS *is* the asynchronous messaging channel of choice for
for some big (and important) user-groups.

>For one thing, the assumption that you can get people to pay for all
>of the messages is wildly optimistic.  I was talking to a security
>manager at Vodaphone earlier this year, and he told me that they have
>a moderate number of gateways through which messages SMS can be sent
>into their SMS system, and they have constatnt problems with spam
>gushing in through them due to some combination of configuration
>errors and hacks.  Maybe they can fix it, but as I've noted before if
>email costs real money, there will be constant attacks to either avoid
>paying or (the zombie problem) to charge the messages to someone else.
>

I've seen a lot of *very* poorly secured web/SMS gateways and I'm sure that
there exist all sorts of other ways that spam gets into the system that
could (and should) be closed.


>Also, people who do serious messaging on their cell phones don't pay
>per message now.  If you use something like a Blackberry, you don't
>pay per message, you use GPRS and pay for bandwidth, or more typically
>a (rather high) flat rate, just like everyone else who uses e-mail.
>

I think you'll find that a lot of email is sent using somebody else's
bandwidth. Apart from that, I'm not sure what "serious messaging" is:
is 100 users each sending 1MB messages more 'serious' than 100K users
sending 10 of 100 character messages per day?


>So what am I missing?  Unless you believe that spam will get so awful
>that people will turn off SMTP mail, it's hard to see how you're going
>to get an interesting number of users to move to something that costs
>more and can only exchange messages with other people on the same
>system.
>

No, rather, spam gets so bad that people are prepared to incur costs
reducing the pain. I don't know (any more than you, perhaps) what that
means. Do they move to other channels? Closed systems? Spend on hardware
and bandwith so that their PCs can cope?

Presumably the market will respond to the problem in a way that tends to
maximise the utility of the system for the largest number of participants?
Oh no, wait, I meant to say: "maximise profits for those with the most
control over the current system".






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From asrg-bounces@ietf.org  Mon Dec 27 15:11:09 2004
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>>>> Your goal is to reduce the number of spam messages visible to end
> users.

>> That's part of it, but only a part.  Let's not confuse spam QUANTITY
> (number of messages) with spam VOLUME (number of messages * average
> size of a spam message).

> I don't see how you are arguing for any reduction of volume at ISPs,
since you want to accept all messages presented via SMTP, analyze them
and perhaps reject afterwards. What that represents is a reduction in
quantity visible to the end user only.

You missed the (a?) key point,.  One spammers realize that (bulky) attachments 
and (bulky) HTML (or large E-mails!) are the kiss of death for the spam they're 
sending, and will make it FAR less likely that their spam will be read, they'll 
be motivated to send smaller E-mails with neither spam nor attachments.  Thus, 
the reduction in overall, aggregate spam bulk.

>>> That's a good goal, but has nothing to do with reducing the
> amount of data processed by ISPs who operate SMTP server farms for
> their customers. Let's not mix up the issues.

>> I disagree.
> 
> First, if we were ever to reach the state where ZERO (or near zero)
> spam messages reached end recipients, then spamming would be 100%
> without profitable return to the spammers... it wouldn't continue
> for long under such conditions.

> That isn't the issue discussed. 

It ABSOLUTELY is.. since that is ULTIMATELY the way we want to reduce spam 
volume.  :-)

> Long before your client side solution hopefully blocks 100% of spam for all 
users, 

1) It doesn't have to be 100% to have a substantial impact.

2) A client-side solution can be implemented FASTER since it doesn't require a 
globsl concurrence, and doesn't require reworking the whole Internet.

> ...ISPs must address increasing volume or change their offerings.

They clearly have a vested interest in helping make sure that their customers 
solve this problem (much like the way AOL has started providing free antivirus 
software to all of their customers).

By the same token, AOL could similarly make a BIG impact by updating their 
E-mail client software to include a fine-grained, by-sender permissions list 
approach such as I propose.  This would by itself make a huge impact on spamming 
profitability, and could be done quickly.

> Moreover, I am far from convinced that spammers will stop sending mail
just because near zero messages reach the recipients. 

Some people still aren't convinced we really landed men on the moon in 1969, 
either.  The fact that some people will always be skeptical isn't a good reason 
to stick with the status quo,

> Given unlimited resources for free, 

That's why the permissions list idea makes a MAJOR strike against E-mail 
transmission of worms and viruses.  This will shut the door (at least regarding 
E-mail) on zombie recruitment.  SPF and other DNS-based approaches do 
**NOTHING** to control zombie recruitment, which is a big reason why those 
approaches are doomed to failure.

> the correct response to dwindling success rate is
to increase quantity. 

"If at first you don't succeed, try, try again."  But it goes on to "...but 
eventually, quit... there's no point being a damned fool about it."  :-)

The cost of spamming (while small) is NOT zero.  At some point, as the return to 
be earned from spamming shrinks, it is no longer profitable to do it.  There are 
also increasing dangers of successful lawsuits (as in the recent case of $1B 
being levied against the first three spammers in a group of 300...)

> Whether people actually see spams in their
inboxes is irrelevant for ISPs, as they still have to find a way to
deal with the spams sent to them.

Right, but spams have no value if people don't see them.  If people don't see 
them, eventually spammers will stop sending them, and thus ISPs will benefit 
(and greatly) by reduced success rate from spamming.

>>  Second, if spammers get the message that spam containing
> attachments or that is HTML-burdened has GREATLY REDUCED chances of
> being delivered and read, then they're likely to stop using those
> approaches (and those approaches hugely inflate the size of most
> spam messages).  Thus, a likely HUGE reduction in spam volume
> (including, in particular, that which ISPs receive and process).

> No. Spam volume isn't controlled by HTML, you'd have to outlaw the
MIME standard, otherwise people and spammers can send image
attachments, Word attachments etc. 

HTML-burdened e-mails are typically 3-5x bulkier than non-HTML-burdened e-mails 
with the same content. 

Yes, attachments are also bulky, and the permissions-list approach would (by 
default) block or quarantine E-mails containing attachments (images, Word 
documents, etc) from unknown senders, too.  So those would cease to be a useful 
plan for spammers wanting to get their E-mails read.

> But outlawing MIME won't help anyway, as people can fall back on uuencode type 
methods, which are plain text. 

Note that we're not talking about 'outlawing MIME', but it WOULD involve only 
allowing MIME attachments from senders you trust (and even then, only the TYPES 
of attachments that you trust them to send you).  And I wouldn't have a problem 
with considering UUENCODED (or similar) content as an "inline attachment" and 
thus not allowing it (by default) from untrusted senders, even if it is 
supposedly represented as being "plain text".

> The huge reduction in volume you're hoping for based on
message structure will never happen.

Back in 1977 (December 1st, in fact), when we publicly announced the ARC System, 
my friends told me, "Gordon, you're crazy... big business is never going to give 
up their mainframes and run their processing on networks of little computers!"

My answer at the time was "...YOU JUST WATCH!!!"  And time, I think, has borne 
me out.

I've had skeptics before.  As the old saying goes, "he who laughs last, laughs 
best."

Gordon Peterson                  http://personal.terabites.com/
1977-2002  Twenty-fifth anniversary year of Local Area Networking!
Support free and fair US elections!  http://stickers.defend-democracy.org
12/19/98: Partisan Republicans scornfully ignore the voters they "represent".
12/09/00: the date the Republican Party took down democracy in America.



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Subject: [Asrg] How charging for spam (or mis-labeled messages) might actually
	work...
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>>> It's reached the point where I would consider disconnecting everyone
 >> with a zombied machine an acceptable price; I believe every such person

>> I would agree with this. 

Some percentage of the machines you disconnect will never come back (and each 
time they're infected) and eventually nearly _every_ machine will be hit by a 
spammer or abuser or virus/worm infection.  

Like telephones, the value of having an Internet connection is reduced for 
EVERYBODY if fewer people worldwide have Internet connections.

> 3 - Customer is charged on every mis-labeled message (and server imposes 
some limit on amount of messages sent which may yet turn out to be 
spam). If your machine became a zombie, it's your lack of responsibility 
and you pay for it (but at least you know pretty soon about this!). Same 
as if your pet goes biting people...

If the amount of the charge is effective, it must be "reasonable" but nonlethal 
to a victim (though it makes them unhappy) while still dissuasive to a spammer, 
which might happily pay a thousand dollars for sending a months's worth of wild 
spamming.

But again, the fact is that spammers make it a point to NOT pay for their spams, 
but rather to shift ALL those costs to unwilling victims.

I guess you could have a victim's ISP call them to warn them of the spam 
situation, but then that increases personnel costs (and dramatically) as they 
try to deal with the mess and the resulting fallout.

When outgoing WATS lines were introduced in the 1970s, the argument for them was 
that 95% of the cost of long distance was the cost of billing for it.  I think 
that would be true in the case of this charging scheme, too.  That sounds to me 
like it is NOT a good approach.

> 4 - Customer is charged a `flat fee` which typically will include also 
filtering his incoming and outgoind mail for spam, and anti-virus 
support (to reduce chance of his machine becoming a zombie). Same as 
buying liability insurance...

The ISP is NOT in a good position to do anti-virus filtering, since they do not 
have an a priori knowledge of who individual subscribers are, and what their 
trust relationship is with each of their subscribers.  Thus the ISP is forced 
into making arbitrary and capricious judgements which may not be appropriate.

> 5 - existing model: customer is not formally charged, but pays (in some 
way) for each account and accounts are terminated on detecting spamming...

I think it's interesting how many people (clearly from ISPs or at least viewing 
things from an ISP perspective) always seem to see the "bill them" approach as 
the solution for these problems.  Obviously, those of us coming from the 
"enlightened end user" perspective don't much like that approach.

Gordon Peterson                  http://personal.terabites.com/
1977-2002  Twenty-fifth anniversary year of Local Area Networking!
Support free and fair US elections!  http://stickers.defend-democracy.org
12/19/98: Partisan Republicans scornfully ignore the voters they "represent".
12/09/00: the date the Republican Party took down democracy in America.



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From asrg-bounces@ietf.org  Mon Dec 27 15:41:03 2004
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Subject: RE: [Asrg] Spam, defined, and permissions
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> The spam problem was non existent 10 years ago. 

Not true.  We were actually starting to see it even in the BBS world days, 
before the widespread adoption of the Internet.

I'll never forget the feeling of dreadful foreboding that I got on looking at 
some messages sent over BBS conference forums, and realizing that I was seeing 
the beginnings of somethat that would become a plague... and wondering, even 
back then, if "mailing list moderation" would someday become a serious 
profession...!

> I am not proposing a charge for the average user. I'm saying
that a base service be included with the standard service and 
some parameters be biult around that for "normal" usage. Above
and beyond, I'd advocate blocks. At a certain point, the blocks
simply turn into a "contact us at 1-800..." and it's discussed and
possibly paid in advance.

This is the same kind of crap that was used in the early days of charging for 
telephone directory assistance (which used to be free) too.

It used to be that pay phones all had telephone books (as did individual private 
phones, for that matter).  The argument was that some users abused the "free" 
directory assistance, so there would be a generous monthly allowance (like 10 or 
20, free) per month, and additional calls would only be charged if they exceeded 
that number.

[Of course, if their goal was REALLY to clamp down on abuse, they would have 
made ALL directory assistance calls free if the number was changed or otherwise 
not in the book, but say $5 if the number was in the book that had been 
available for at least (say) a month to allow for distribution time...]

Over a few years, the "free" allowance is reduced down to one or two, or maybe 
even to zero, and the cost per directory assistance call goes up and up.  
Eventually, it's not about curbing abuse, but rather just another profit center. 
:-(

[And of course, nobody even BOTHERS to put phone books at pay phones anymore... 
you want directory assistance, you pay.  Period.]

This crap is HUGELY and UNIVERSALLY disliked.

There is **ABSOLUTELY NO** reason to expect that charge-per-E-mail would follow 
a different path.  Nobody with an ounce of sense wants to go there.

Gordon Peterson                  http://personal.terabites.com/
1977-2002  Twenty-fifth anniversary year of Local Area Networking!
Support free and fair US elections!  http://stickers.defend-democracy.org
12/19/98: Partisan Republicans scornfully ignore the voters they "represent".
12/09/00: the date the Republican Party took down democracy in America.



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From: Devdas Bhagat <devdas@dvb.homelinux.org>
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On 27/12/04 20:03 +0000, gep2@terabites.com wrote:
> You missed the (a?) key point,.  One spammers realize that (bulky)
> attachments and (bulky) HTML (or large E-mails!) are the kiss of death
> for the spam they're sending, and will make it FAR less likely that
> their spam will be read, they'll be motivated to send smaller E-mails
> with neither spam nor attachments.  Thus, the reduction in overall,
> aggregate spam bulk.

I suggest looking up what happened to the spam volume as the end user
filters got more effective.

> 
> >>> That's a good goal, but has nothing to do with reducing the
> > amount of data processed by ISPs who operate SMTP server farms for
> > their customers. Let's not mix up the issues.
> 
> >> I disagree.
> > 
> > First, if we were ever to reach the state where ZERO (or near zero)
> > spam messages reached end recipients, then spamming would be 100%
> > without profitable return to the spammers... it wouldn't continue
> > for long under such conditions.
> 
> > That isn't the issue discussed. 
> 
> It ABSOLUTELY is.. since that is ULTIMATELY the way we want to reduce spam 
> volume.  :-)

Actually not. The bulk of the spam comes from spammers selling the "get
rich quick by spamming" idea to others. And these people get money per
hit, so they will just increase volume to the point where your filtering
servers die, or you turn off the filters.

			"The enemys gate is down".

> > Long before your client side solution hopefully blocks 100% of spam for all 
> users, 
> 
> 1) It doesn't have to be 100% to have a substantial impact.
> 
> 2) A client-side solution can be implemented FASTER since it doesn't
> require a global concurrence, and doesn't require reworking the whole
> Internet.
> 
> > ...ISPs must address increasing volume or change their offerings.
> 
> They clearly have a vested interest in helping make sure that their customers 
> solve this problem (much like the way AOL has started providing free
> antivirus software to all of their customers).
> 
> By the same token, AOL could similarly make a BIG impact by updating their 
> E-mail client software to include a fine-grained, by-sender permissions list 
> approach such as I propose.  This would by itself make a huge impact on
> spamming profitability, and could be done quickly.

Hmmm, maybe ISPs should STOP offering email at all. If you want email,
run your own server or pay someone else to run it for you. Give people
static IPs, and let them loose.

> > Moreover, I am far from convinced that spammers will stop sending mail
> just because near zero messages reach the recipients. 
> 
> Some people still aren't convinced we really landed men on the moon in 1969, 
> either.  The fact that some people will always be skeptical isn't a good
> reason to stick with the status quo,
> 
> > Given unlimited resources for free, 
> 
> That's why the permissions list idea makes a MAJOR strike against E-mail 
> transmission of worms and viruses.  This will shut the door (at least
> regarding E-mail) on zombie recruitment.  SPF and other DNS-based
> approaches do **NOTHING** to control zombie recruitment, which is a big
> reason why those approaches are doomed to failure.

SPF is doomed to failure for other reasons. Let me put it this way:

	ANY SOLUTION WHICH TRIES TO WORK AFTER DATA DOES NOT SCALE.

After you have accepted data, your best option is to deliver spam to the
end user and let their Bayesian/other filters handle it. Stop it before
data, or let the end user handle it.

> > the correct response to dwindling success rate is
> to increase quantity. 
> 
> "If at first you don't succeed, try, try again."  But it goes on to "...but 
> eventually, quit... there's no point being a damned fool about it."  :-)
> 
> The cost of spamming (while small) is NOT zero.  At some point, as the
> return to be earned from spamming shrinks, it is no longer profitable
> to do it.  There are also increasing dangers of successful lawsuits (as
> in the recent case of $1B being levied against the first three spammers
> in a group of 300...)

If you can actually collect...
 
> > Whether people actually see spams in their inboxes is irrelevant for
> > ISPs, as they still have to find a way to deal with the spams sent to them.
> 
> Right, but spams have no value if people don't see them.  If people don't see 
> them, eventually spammers will stop sending them, and thus ISPs will benefit 
> (and greatly) by reduced success rate from spamming.

You assume that spammers will respond to lowered delivery rates by
stopping malicious behaviour. Previous history shows otherwise.
Those who do not learn from history...

<snip>

> HTML-burdened e-mails are typically 3-5x bulkier than non-HTML-burdened
> e-mails with the same content. 
> 
> Yes, attachments are also bulky, and the permissions-list approach would (by 
> default) block or quarantine E-mails containing attachments (images, Word 
> documents, etc) from unknown senders, too.  So those would cease to be a
> useful plan for spammers wanting to get their E-mails read.

Convenience against security? Security will lose.

<snip>
> I've had skeptics before.  As the old saying goes, "he who laughs last,
> laughs best."

So, how soon can we expect the spammers to stop spamming, given that
they have the bigger guns, and the economic advantage (it is cheaper to
send mail via proxies than to receive it)? 

The cost advantage of the smaller computer is no longer on the side of
the legitimate servers. See my first quote in this mail.

Devdas Bhagat

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From asrg-bounces@ietf.org  Mon Dec 27 17:01:11 2004
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From: John Levine <asrg@johnlevine.com>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Spam, defined, and permissions
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>I am not proposing a charge for the average user. I'm saying
>that a base service be included with the standard service and 
>some parameters be biult around that for "normal" usage.

How do you propose to get every ISP in the world to do this?  It won't
work if mailers (both spammers and non-spammers who send a lot of
mail) can simply move to ISPs that don't hassle them with annoying
meter-ware.  For that matter, how do you plan to meter the mail coming
out of legitimate high volume mailers like Sparklist or Whitehat?
That's a lot of traffic to sniff at the router, and I doubt either one
would be very interested in installing your meter-ware on their mail
servers.

Once you've done that, you've now added the meter evasion problem.
Spammers are crooks, and they will certainly do whatever they can to
circumvent any limits that people put on them and avoid paying for the
resources they use.  Why do you expect the meter evasion problem to be
any more tractable than the spam problem?

Regards,
John Levine, johnl@taugh.com, Taughannock Networks, Trumansburg NY
http://www.taugh.com


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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Spam, defined, and permissions
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Well, if one wants to resist the idea one merely builds scenarios out
anything left unsaid which lead to the conclusion that the idea is
untenable.

I suspect if someone got a nuisance overcharge, say a dollar or two,
for mail being sent by a virus on their machine they'd become
interested in fixing it both because that's attracted their attention
and who wants to think their computer is under the control of a virus?
And there probably exists a charge where it's not worthwhile changing
ISPs etc if one suspects a more direct fix exists. Heck, a $0.00
charge but just being informed that your computer sent 12,000 messages
this month as opposed to your usual 47/month might attract some
people's attention, particularly if coupled with "next month that'll
start costing you $2.73 (whatever)"

Also, as to switching to another ISP, if they don't fix the infection
it's not clear this wouldn't just repeat the problem. I assume these
viruses periodically send their current IP address to the mother ships
even if just to adapt to DHCP contracts.

On December 27, 2004 at 10:29 laird@lbreyer.com (Laird Breyer) wrote:
 > On Dec 26 2004, Barry Shein wrote:
 > > 
 > > I suspect the solution, one way or another, to spam will be
 > > per-message charging (with various schemes like first 1000/month
 > > included with monthly fee.)
 > > 
 > 
 > Why do you think that charging a third party who isn't sending the spam
 > a visible fee is going to make that third party go seek out the spam
 > senders and neutralize them, so as not to be charged further?
 > 
 > Here third party = user, sender = user's zombie, and I would think
 > that the user will want to limit his costs by leaving the ISP rather
 > than fixing his PC. After all cost of new PC >> cost of ISP rent.
 > 
 > It's also interesting that if you substitute third party = some ISP,
 > sender = some spammer who uses that ISP, and visible fee = IP subnet
 > bans, then you end up with the discredited blacklist concept.
 > 
 > 
 > -- 
 > Laird Breyer.
 > 
 > _______________________________________________
 > Asrg mailing list
 > Asrg@ietf.org
 > https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg

-- 
        -Barry Shein

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From asrg-bounces@ietf.org  Mon Dec 27 17:36:24 2004
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To some extent my bringing up pay-per-msg is meant to be cautionary.

If something isn't done I suspect either email will die as a medium or
it will mostly be driven into the hands of a few monopolists and
oligopolists (specifically, RBOCs/PTTs.) Probably throwing in the
so-called "Four Horsemen of the Netalypse" as they smell victory (what
were they, "child porn, drugs, terrorism and intellectual property
rights"?)

HOWEVER, that said, we need to recognize we are dealing with a bit of
a conundrum.

We are trying to figure out how to allocate and regulate a basically
free (from a volume point of view) resource which is not infinite, and
is in high demand (both spam and the disappointingly named "ham".)

The Soviets (et al) tried to do that kind of thing and mostly all
they could come up with was:

     a) Central planning
     b) A network of commissars

Ok, one can resist the example, whatever.

But the point is if you don't charge for something which is desireable
and finite (to some extent one limiting resource here is people's
ability to deal with the spam), then you're going to have to come up
with some sort of regulation and allocation regimen.

There is no third choice, other than ad libitum which is what we have
now.

Assuming we're not going to invent a new color or regulation regimen
then experience tells us our choices are:

a) Algorithmic - software which somehow chooses which mail shall live
and which shall die.

b) Legal fiat - Define certain behaviors as legal/illegal and begin
cracking heads with zeal.

c) Monopolistic throttling - Give email to the RBOCs/PTTs exclusively
(whatever that means) and let them make up some rules. The point being
that they'll be able to throttle it, assuming the monopoly works. For
those scoffing this is basically how phone service works, no?

d) Increase risk - Similar to (c), but let customers sue their ISPs
for spam they get, or analogous financial punihment (e.g., make them
liable for content such as children getting pornographic spam) and the
problem will fix pretty quickly tho I doubt anyone would like that
solution (e.g., your ISP will only speak to an approved list of other
sites and lots of draconian filtering etc.)

OR, maybe charge for what people use, which has some track record in
the world for creating reasonably sane resource allocation methods
particularly where competition and reasonable regulation exists.


-- 
        -Barry Shein

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Another fallacy of the disk is cheap argument is:

Around, I dunno, 30% of the US (I think closer to 50% in Europe, and
much less elsewhere) has broadband (DSL or cable.) Let's stick to the
US for the sake of discussion.

So, around 70% doesn't, and presumably mostly live with 56k modem
service.

Typical good throughput on a 56k modem is around 4KB/sec which
translates to a MB every 250 seconds or around 13MB/hour.

So, a 250MB mailbox @ 56kb takes around TWENTY HOURS to transfer.

Even at some typical DSL speed of 1Mbit/s down that's around 1MByte/10
seconds or 250MB in 2500 seconds, or ~40 minutes but I'd be shocked if
that means much less than an hour in practice.

Who wants to wait an hour to download their mailbox? How about twenty
hours?

John McCarthy used to (maybe still) have a .sig which said "Those who
will not do arithmetic are doomed to speak nonsense". Indeed.


-- 
        -Barry Shein

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> I'll have to differ on the opine and insinuation regarding SMS not
> being the wave of the future. It's already here and it's the absolute
> rage in Europe and Asia. 

I would wager that if people were used to using free SMS that they would not
move to a charge per message model.

Every trend is towards flat rate service. The only reason I am considering
getting GPRS is that Tmobile will provide it flat rate.

Being 'free' is part of the email business model, you cannot change that
without changing the character of email.


> And Vodafone is a telco. Their experience billing voice minutes, 
> and their reliance on the revenue as a public company, will help
> them resolve that issue, but it will *never* be gone. Fraud will
> account for 3 to 8% of all their revenue across all product lines,
> including SMS. But this is good. Telco's prosecute fraud under 
> theft statutes which are more cut and dry than any electronic spam
> statute I've seen is.

As is repeated every time this one is brought up, the billing infrastructure
that supports the telcos represents tens of billions of dollars worth of
sunk capital investment and costs several billion dollars a year to
maintain.

Schemes that rely on the magical appearance of a billing infrastructure that
costs almost nothing to use might as well depend on the invention of a
perpetual motion machine. There is no such infrastructure and several
companies have gone bankrupt trying to build one.


The idea of making it uneconomic for spammers to spam is a good one. It is
not necessary to make legit users pay in order to charge the spammers
however. Bonded sender proves that. Transfer of economic value is much more
expensive than if the parties prove that they have destroyed the equivalent
amount of goods if the amounts are less than a cent.


The reason this keeps returning is ideological not technical. Some folk
think that the answer to every complex problem is to recite Chairman Mao,
others recite Ayn Rand, some climb trees and blame everything on the
Starbucks corporation and there is no point in bothering to try to
distinguish between them. 

Until you have a mechanism that can support the necessary payments
settlements you don't have a scheme. 

		Phill

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This is making the "best" the enemy of the "good".

Just because no one can guarantee perfection (and I think the idea
that high volume mailers can't be metered is questionable) doesn't
mean an idea is unworkable.

Little in this world is perfect, right down to elections which decide
the fates of nations, or tax systems that we are pretty sure allow for
a lot of evasions, etc. Somehow we muddle through, lacking any more
perfect alternative. It's interesting how only technical people seem
to ever find these "but I can show it's not perfect!" arguments to be
fatal.

I'd imagine the way to spread interest would be some sort of
cross-settlement. I meter what's delivered to me and from whom. Not a
big deal (pretty much all that info is already in my regular mail
logs.) [I know, I know, that which we don't like must be technically
impossible.]

At some point I send the other ISP a bill for it, expecting they send
me one also. [I know, I know, that which we don't like must be
impossible due to its potential for errors or contentiousness.]

They don't have to charge their customers, they can pay it out of
their own pocket if they think that's more a more attractive marketing
model, I don't care.

But if they refuse to pay me the solution is easy, don't let their
servers in.

But that's a worst case scenario [I know, I know, you're ready to hop
all over that one with reductio ad absurdum], and I think most
legitimate ISPs etc can come to some agreement that everyone can live
with, yet still punishes those who tolerate or abet spammers.

 > >I am not proposing a charge for the average user. I'm saying
 > >that a base service be included with the standard service and 
 > >some parameters be biult around that for "normal" usage.
 > 
 > How do you propose to get every ISP in the world to do this?  It won't
 > work if mailers (both spammers and non-spammers who send a lot of
 > mail) can simply move to ISPs that don't hassle them with annoying
 > meter-ware.  For that matter, how do you plan to meter the mail coming
 > out of legitimate high volume mailers like Sparklist or Whitehat?
 > That's a lot of traffic to sniff at the router, and I doubt either one
 > would be very interested in installing your meter-ware on their mail
 > servers.
 > 
 > Once you've done that, you've now added the meter evasion problem.
 > Spammers are crooks, and they will certainly do whatever they can to
 > circumvent any limits that people put on them and avoid paying for the
 > resources they use.  Why do you expect the meter evasion problem to be
 > any more tractable than the spam problem?

-- 
        -Barry Shein

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It's interesting, I was just reading an article in Variety about how
the DGA (Director's Guild of America), WGA (Writer's...), and SAG
(Screen Actor's Guild) are wrangling with networks etc over those
little snips used in those million and one "I love the 80's" or "Great
Film Moments in 2004" type shows which have been proliferating lately.

Take a theme, patch together a bunch of clips from films, docu, news,
etc, overlay some narration, and voila', low-cost content.

That is, so long as the producers of those shows could hide behind
fair use or at least no one bugging them to pay for the clips.

But that's changed and the Variety article had, I think it was DGA's,
new price schedules, $250 for < 30 seconds and so on, multiplied by
how many years you want to be able to rerun the thing, etc.

And of course the producers are screaming bloody murder because it'll
add $15K-$20K to a 30 minute show which breaks their economics pitch
of it being very cheap (so long as they don't have to pay people for
their work.)

etc etc etc etc etc

But what you don't see in those discussions are people trying to argue
that it's just IMPOSSIBLE because it'll be TOO MUCH TROUBLE to bend
over and pick up the money which'll give us all BAD BACKS and the
MEDICAL COSTS for BACK THERAPY will FAR OUTWEIGH any REVENUES so it
CAN'T BE DONE! etc.

Oh I'm sure it's tried, but it's not often taken very seriously.

Mostly because the obvious answer is: Ok, if it's too expensive (&c)
to get the money, then we won't! NEXT QUESTION?!

-- 
        -Barry Shein

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--0-1763135797-1104193929=:92891
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Hi ,
       How we can use biometrics to avoid spam?Can any one suggest a solution?

		
---------------------------------
Do you Yahoo!?
 Send a seasonal email greeting and help others. Do good.
--0-1763135797-1104193929=:92891
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<DIV>Hi ,</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; How we can use biometrics to avoid spam?Can any one suggest a solution?</DIV><p>
		<hr size=1>Do you Yahoo!?<br> 
Send a seasonal email greeting and help others. <a href="http://us.rd.yahoo.com/evt=29912/*http://celebrity.mail.yahoo.com/">Do good.</a>
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From: Laird Breyer <laird@lbreyer.com>
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Spam, defined, and permissions
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On Dec 27 2004, Barry Shein wrote:
> 
> Well, if one wants to resist the idea one merely builds scenarios out
> anything left unsaid which lead to the conclusion that the idea is
> untenable.

Generally IMHO, if what is unsaid is large enough to drive a truck
through it's worth narrowing down the unsaid parts. 

What bothers me here with your approach is that you're not attacking
the spam problem, you're attacking the user apathy problem and
*hoping* that this will somehow solve the spam problem. But there's no
guidance as to what users will or should do if they wake up from their 
apathy. 

> 
> I suspect if someone got a nuisance overcharge, say a dollar or two,
> for mail being sent by a virus on their machine they'd become
> interested in fixing it both because that's attracted their attention
> and who wants to think their computer is under the control of a virus?

I agree with the sentiment, but am not (yet) convinced the underlying
economics support the conclusion you reach. Here's roughly what I think:

1) The majority of users consider fixing their computers on par with
fixing their cars. Necessary, but expensive and too complex to bother
with. The path of least resistance is allowing decay followed by buying a
brand new replacement.

2) A new computer costs a typical user now on the order of $1000, an
ISP charges on the order of $20 per month. Clearly, the computer is
much more valuable than the ISP service.

3) Fixing a computer by either buying a new one, hiring somebody or
getting one of those magical system cleaning programs costs on the
order of $50 minimum, and is a hassle.

4) The ISP charges $3 as a penalty, per month? 

5) YMMV, but if I was such a user, I'd either laugh off the penalty or
I'd be pissed off at the ISP for finding a gratuitous way to
overcharge me. Gratuitous because my zombified PC runs fine, so I
don't see what needs fixing urgently right this minute. If there are
other available ISPs, I'd switch to another $20/month provider.

> 
> Also, as to switching to another ISP, if they don't fix the infection
> it's not clear this wouldn't just repeat the problem. I assume these
> viruses periodically send their current IP address to the mother ships
> even if just to adapt to DHCP contracts.
> 

If the user switches ISPs, he fixes *his* problem, at least
temporarily. The fact that it only shifts the problem around for the
ISP community is not *his* problem.


-- 
Laird Breyer.

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To: "Hallam-Baker, Phillip" <pbaker@verisign.com>, ASRG <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] The pay-per message myth again
Date: Mon, 27 Dec 2004 22:46:56 -0500
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> -----Original Message-----
> From: Hallam-Baker, Phillip 
> Sent: Monday, December 27, 2004 5:56 PM
> To: Hannigan, Martin; ASRG
> Subject: RE: [Asrg] The pay-per message myth again
> 
> 
> > I'll have to differ on the opine and insinuation regarding SMS not
> > being the wave of the future. It's already here and it's 
> the absolute
> > rage in Europe and Asia. 
> 
> I would wager that if people were used to using free SMS that 
> they would not move to a charge per message model.

I agree. I'm just tossing some thoughts out. As I research this
more, I don't see why a limit on the flat rate wouldn't be helpful,
or doable.

[ snip ]


> > And Vodafone is a telco. Their experience billing voice minutes, 
> > and their reliance on the revenue as a public company, will help
> > them resolve that issue, but it will *never* be gone. Fraud will
> > account for 3 to 8% of all their revenue across all product lines,
> > including SMS. But this is good. Telco's prosecute fraud under 
> > theft statutes which are more cut and dry than any electronic spam
> > statute I've seen is.
> 
> As is repeated every time this one is brought up, the billing 
> infrastructure that supports the telcos represents tens of 
> billions of dollars worth of sunk capital investment and 
> costs several billion dollars a year to maintain.
> 
> Schemes that rely on the magical appearance of a billing 
> infrastructure that costs almost nothing to use might as well 
> depend on the invention of a perpetual motion machine. There 
> is no such infrastructure and several companies have gone 
> bankrupt trying to build one.
> 
> 
> The idea of making it uneconomic for spammers to spam is a 
> good one. It is not necessary to make legit users pay in 
> order to charge the spammers however. Bonded sender proves 
> that. Transfer of economic value is much more expensive than 
> if the parties prove that they have destroyed the equivalent 
> amount of goods if the amounts are less than a cent.
> 
> 
> The reason this keeps returning is ideological not technical. 
> Some folk think that the answer to every complex problem is 
> to recite Chairman Mao, others recite Ayn Rand, some climb 
> trees and blame everything on the Starbucks corporation and 
> there is no point in bothering to try to distinguish between them. 
> 
> Until you have a mechanism that can support the necessary 
> payments settlements you don't have a scheme. 

Why wouldn't existing telco interconnect settlement peering
cover this? One thought is that they don't break out by protocol
in the settlements, they break it out by bits and routes.

-M<


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From: Barry Shein <bzs@world.std.com>
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Spam, defined, and permissions
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On December 28, 2004 at 12:23 laird@lbreyer.com (Laird Breyer) wrote:
 > On Dec 27 2004, Barry Shein wrote:
 > > 
 > > Well, if one wants to resist the idea one merely builds scenarios out
 > > anything left unsaid which lead to the conclusion that the idea is
 > > untenable.
 > 
 > Generally IMHO, if what is unsaid is large enough to drive a truck
 > through it's worth narrowing down the unsaid parts. 

I guess you've decided you're just always right a priori, must be
nice. Put another way, I'm trying to imagine any circumstance, right
or wrong, your sentence couldn't apply to.

 > What bothers me here with your approach is that you're not attacking
 > the spam problem, you're attacking the user apathy problem and
 > *hoping* that this will somehow solve the spam problem. But there's no
 > guidance as to what users will or should do if they wake up from their 
 > apathy. 

Not really, someone pointed out that a big problem (of charging for
email) would be that virus-infected zombies would be charged.

I said, well, if the charges were adjusted into the right range, a
dollar or two perhaps, they might even motivate people to get their
machines fixed w/o sending them into a murderous rage.

Just looking at a possible positive aspect. Or, more importantly,
pointing out how people draw their examples only to illustrate the
point they want to make. For example, positing a charge for an
infected zombie as being so immense that it converts the average PC
user into Osama bin Laden.

 > > 
 > > I suspect if someone got a nuisance overcharge, say a dollar or two,
 > > for mail being sent by a virus on their machine they'd become
 > > interested in fixing it both because that's attracted their attention
 > > and who wants to think their computer is under the control of a virus?
 > 
 > I agree with the sentiment, but am not (yet) convinced the underlying
 > economics support the conclusion you reach. Here's roughly what I think:
 > 
 > 1) The majority of users consider fixing their computers on par with
 > fixing their cars. Necessary, but expensive and too complex to bother
 > with. The path of least resistance is allowing decay followed by buying a
 > brand new replacement.

Which, I assume, to continue the analogy, doesn't apply to filling the
tank with gasoline (i.e., they don't abandon the car when the tank's
empty), or perhaps a flat tire, etc.

So if it were in that range.

I did say in that note or another on the same thread that detecting
viral activity and fixing infected PCs has to become simpler and more
automatic (YOU'RE SENDING A LOT OF EMAIL -- YOU'RE PROBABLY INFECTED
-- THIS COULD COST YOU $3.47 -- CLICK [HERE] TO
FIX...bzzzbzzzbzzbzzz...THANK YOU YOU'RE CLEAN HAVE A NICE DAY.)

We're talking about near and likely futures.

It doesn't seem helpful to drag out projections based on the behavior
of owners of 486/50's running Windows 3.1.

I'm talking more about people in some near future, you know, when all
this charging is deployed, who continue to resist upgrading their
computers etc. because they're too cheap or whatever reason. Ok,
they'll get infected, they'll incur nag charges, their choice.

 > 2) A new computer costs a typical user now on the order of $1000, an
 > ISP charges on the order of $20 per month. Clearly, the computer is
 > much more valuable than the ISP service.
 > 
 > 3) Fixing a computer by either buying a new one, hiring somebody or
 > getting one of those magical system cleaning programs costs on the
 > order of $50 minimum, and is a hassle.
 > 
 > 4) The ISP charges $3 as a penalty, per month? 

Whatever, the charges for e-mail start kicking in.

 > 5) YMMV, but if I was such a user, I'd either laugh off the penalty or
 > I'd be pissed off at the ISP for finding a gratuitous way to
 > overcharge me. Gratuitous because my zombified PC runs fine, so I
 > don't see what needs fixing urgently right this minute. If there are
 > other available ISPs, I'd switch to another $20/month provider.

In other words, you're nitpicking the example.

Also, the assumption is that that OTHER ISP would treat you the same
(or similarly), so what's the point?

You keep standing up straw men and knocking them over.

 > > 
 > > Also, as to switching to another ISP, if they don't fix the infection
 > > it's not clear this wouldn't just repeat the problem. I assume these
 > > viruses periodically send their current IP address to the mother ships
 > > even if just to adapt to DHCP contracts.
 > > 
 > 
 > If the user switches ISPs, he fixes *his* problem, at least
 > temporarily. The fact that it only shifts the problem around for the
 > ISP community is not *his* problem.

No, again you miss the point.

The next ISP has the same or equivalent/similar policies. They're
going to find a way to make it a hassle to have an infected PC
connected to their service.

If you don't fix your PC then the next ISP will just treat you more or
less the same, so may as well fix your PC now.

One reason for this is because in this future ISPs, and probably Tier
N-1s, are metering each other and that machine is going to show up as
a high-mail user which might even incur your ISP charges. So why would
any ISP put up with your zombie-infected spam-spewer?

In fact, I think we're rapidly getting there now just because more and
more ISPs have zombie-detectors and narrow (e.g., no email sending) or
even shut-off infected machines' access.

-- 
        -Barry Shein

Software Tool & Die    | bzs@TheWorld.com           | http://www.TheWorld.com
Purveyors to the Trade | Voice: 617-739-0202        | Login: 617-739-WRLD
The World              | Public Access Internet     | Since 1989     *oo*

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From: "Hannigan, Martin" <hannigan@verisign.com>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: RE: [Asrg] Spam, defined, and permissions
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> -----Original Message-----
> From: asrg-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:asrg-bounces@ietf.org]On Behalf Of
> Barry Shein
> Sent: Monday, December 27, 2004 10:46 PM
> To: laird@lbreyer.com
> Cc: asrg@ietf.org
> Subject: Re: [Asrg] Spam, defined, and permissions
> 
> 
> 
> On December 28, 2004 at 12:23 laird@lbreyer.com (Laird Breyer) wrote:
>  > On Dec 27 2004, Barry Shein wrote:
>  > > 
>  > > Well, if one wants to resist the idea one merely builds 
> scenarios out
>  > > anything left unsaid which lead to the conclusion that 
> the idea is
>  > > untenable.
>  > 
>  > Generally IMHO, if what is unsaid is large enough to drive a truck
>  > through it's worth narrowing down the unsaid parts. 
> 
[ SNIP ]

> 
> We're talking about near and likely futures.
> 
> It doesn't seem helpful to drag out projections based on the behavior
> of owners of 486/50's running Windows 3.1.

For the most part, we're talking about:

http://www.google.com/press/zeitgeist/zeitgeist-may04.html


> I'm talking more about people in some near future, you know, when all
> this charging is deployed, who continue to resist upgrading their
> computers etc. because they're too cheap or whatever reason. Ok,
> they'll get infected, they'll incur nag charges, their choice.

Some people are dumb and will incur the charges. Fine. After so many
occurances, they get dumped. 

>  > 2) A new computer costs a typical user now on the order of 
> $1000, an
>  > ISP charges on the order of $20 per month. Clearly, the computer is
>  > much more valuable than the ISP service.
>  > 
>  > 3) Fixing a computer by either buying a new one, hiring somebody or
>  > getting one of those magical system cleaning programs costs on the
>  > order of $50 minimum, and is a hassle.
>  > 
>  > 4) The ISP charges $3 as a penalty, per month? 
> 
> Whatever, the charges for e-mail start kicking in. 

The charges for an overage of the flat-rate limits on in/out emails
kick in.

[ snip ]

-M<

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From: "Hannigan, Martin" <hannigan@verisign.com>
To: "'laird@lbreyer.com'" <laird@lbreyer.com>, asrg@ietf.org
Subject: RE: [Asrg] Spam, defined, and permissions
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> -----Original Message-----
> From: asrg-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:asrg-bounces@ietf.org]On Behalf Of
> Laird Breyer
> Sent: Monday, December 27, 2004 9:24 PM
> To: asrg@ietf.org
> Subject: Re: [Asrg] Spam, defined, and permissions
> 
> 
> On Dec 27 2004, Barry Shein wrote:
> > 
> > Well, if one wants to resist the idea one merely builds 
> scenarios out
> > anything left unsaid which lead to the conclusion that the idea is
> > untenable.
> 
> Generally IMHO, if what is unsaid is large enough to drive a truck
> through it's worth narrowing down the unsaid parts. 
> 
> What bothers me here with your approach is that you're not attacking
> the spam problem, you're attacking the user apathy problem and
> *hoping* that this will somehow solve the spam problem. But there's no
> guidance as to what users will or should do if they wake up 
> from their 
> apathy. 

Everything that has been done to date is a massive failure.

It's either too difficult for the average end user, or too expensive
for the N/ISP to implement, or, has not gained the trust of major networks.

The amount of actual mitigation that takes place is
small in comparison to the problem. Turn off all that mitigation
and you'd barely notice it, if at all.

SpamAssasin et. al. works FOR YOU. It doesn't work for my dad on AOL,
my friend on Comcast, or my SO on RCN, friends on MCI, etc. etc.

You can only say "get another ISP" for so long and it becomes
a clear indicator of your level of understanding of the problem
itself, the mechanics, and the history. 

-M<


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From: Laird Breyer <laird@lbreyer.com>
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Spam, defined, and permissions
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On Dec 27 2004, Barry Shein wrote:
> 
> I guess you've decided you're just always right a priori, must be
> nice. Put another way, I'm trying to imagine any circumstance, right
> or wrong, your sentence couldn't apply to.

Because I say that I see large holes in your approach? I'm glad that
you consider my single opinion so valuable, thank you, but I just call
it as I see it.

> 
>  > What bothers me here with your approach is that you're not attacking
>  > the spam problem, you're attacking the user apathy problem and
>  > *hoping* that this will somehow solve the spam problem. But there's no
>  > guidance as to what users will or should do if they wake up from their 
>  > apathy. 
> 
> Not really, someone pointed out that a big problem (of charging for
> email) would be that virus-infected zombies would be charged.
> 
> I said, well, if the charges were adjusted into the right range, a
> dollar or two perhaps, they might even motivate people to get their
> machines fixed w/o sending them into a murderous rage.
> 
> Just looking at a possible positive aspect. Or, more importantly,
> pointing out how people draw their examples only to illustrate the
> point they want to make. For example, positing a charge for an
> infected zombie as being so immense that it converts the average PC
> user into Osama bin Laden.
> 

It looks like I got lost in this thread. I had the impression 
that you were arguing that a charging model (cause) would 
make people keep their PCs zombie-free (effect). Sorry.

> We're talking about near and likely futures.

I'll keep that in mind below.

> 
> I'm talking more about people in some near future, you know, when all
> this charging is deployed, who continue to resist upgrading their
> computers etc. because they're too cheap or whatever reason. Ok,
> they'll get infected, they'll incur nag charges, their choice.

I believe that's likely. I also believe that in such a future, a 
free alternative mail system will spring up lead by open source 
client applications, which will use available unmetered channels
to send email. 

> Also, the assumption is that that OTHER ISP would treat you the same
> (or similarly), so what's the point?

That's a new assumption, at least to me. Are you exploring a future where
all ISPs collude? If so, I think an interesting question would be whether
such collusion forms a stable market limit, or would it have a tendency
to e.g. fragment. 

> One reason for this is because in this future ISPs, and probably Tier
> N-1s, are metering each other and that machine is going to show up as
> a high-mail user which might even incur your ISP charges. So why would
> any ISP put up with your zombie-infected spam-spewer?

I don't think that ISPs put up with zombies willingly. It's just part
of the massively decentralized internet.

I'd like to speculate that in yet another future, ISPs will be faced
with new mail transports which bypass metered SMTP. In such a future,
mail is indistinguishable from binary data, and charged as part of the
flat monthly fee. 

-- 
Laird Breyer.

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From: Laird Breyer <laird@lbreyer.com>
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Spam, defined, and permissions
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On Dec 27 2004, Hannigan, Martin wrote:
> > 
> > What bothers me here with your approach is that you're not attacking
> > the spam problem, you're attacking the user apathy problem and
> > *hoping* that this will somehow solve the spam problem. But there's no
> > guidance as to what users will or should do if they wake up 
> > from their 
> > apathy. 
> 
> Everything that has been done to date is a massive failure.
> 
> It's either too difficult for the average end user, or too expensive
> for the N/ISP to implement, or, has not gained the trust of major networks.

I'm confused. Are you looking for a single, one size fits all solution?
It seems to me that the problems faced by ISPs are quite different than 
the problems faced by end-users or the problems faced by major webmail
providers. 

I believe my criticism is valid, but if I am looking at things too
simplistically, please enlighten me: The charging model is intended to 
push the problem from the ISPs to the end users. End users who don't
do their bit to fix the spam problem are priced out of the network.

But pricing doesn't tell the users just what they are supposed to do
under this scheme. There's the nebulous idea of "keep your PC zombie
free".

I made an analogy with global blacklists, which I think work on the
same principle.  ISPs harbouring spammers are censored out of the SMTP
network, but how they are supposed to keep their userlists spammer
free is nebulous.

Presumably, email is such a vital resource that end users who are
priced out of the mail network will do everything possible to return
to it, and that will somehow acts as a kind of breeding ground for a
true solution to the zombie problem. Perhaps that can truly happen, I
don't know.

I imagine that the same hackers who gave us P2P will find a way to
send email transparently, without necessarily using the existing email
network. Then we'll have two email networks, a free one and a metered one.

> You can only say "get another ISP" for so long and it becomes
> a clear indicator of your level of understanding of the problem
> itself, the mechanics, and the history. 

So long as ISPs don't collude, competitive pressures cannot be discounted. 

-- 
Laird Breyer.

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Date: Tue, 28 Dec 2004 10:51:53 +0200
From: Amir Herzberg <herzbea@cs.biu.ac.il>
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Subject: [Asrg] Call for contributors to develop `pay per fraudulant
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I believe there is a large sub-community here, that believes in charging 
per spam - or, I prefer, per a fraudulent message (containing 
objectionable mail without appropriate label). There are others who 
disagree, and I am interested in their arguments. However, the proven 
IETF process for handling such situations is not to merely argue. 
Instead, the proven approach is for people with reasonably-compatible 
approaches to work together and prepare a concrete proposal (I-D and one 
or preferably more implementations of running code). Please let me know 
if you want to help prepare such proposal and/or implementations.

Let me briefly summarize the approach:
- A voluntary mechanisms for mail servers and mail users
- Sending (user/server) labels their mail (e.g. `non-commercial`) and 
signs it.
- Recipient (user/server) filters (based on users/providers policy).
- If label is false (fraud, spam): there is proof of this (the signed 
mail + label). This proof can be used to inform the signer who may 
simply act on this information (check for virus, charge user, etc.). The 
proof may be used to receive compensation from the signer. (Our proposal 
includes how the money transfer can be done efficiently.)
- Senders obtain the benefit of their mail not being filtered. If your 
computer was hacked (became zombie), you pay (up to the limit you set up 
with your mail server). Or you can sign up for service that will 
validate your mail, and possibly update your anti-virus etc, for a flat 
fee, and pay for any spam which was sent from your account in spite of 
these services.
- Recipients obtain the benefit of filtering mail (from senders who 
adopt such scheme), and receiving compensation for any spam they still 
receive. They will apply other techniques to deal with message from 
senders not using this system (e.g., I think Gordon's proposal of 
rejecting such mail if it contains attachments and HTML may be good for 
many users).

This approach does NOT...
- require anybody to change SMTP or other basic e-mail mechanisms
- require charging or wasting computer resources for sending (non-fraud) 
mail
- prevent receiving mail from users who do not support this solution (it 
just cannot be filtered based on the label)
- require huge penalties or disconnection of `zombied` computers (a 
reasonable penalty should suffice, together with reasonable limit for 
the amount of messages sent until user starts paying)
- require suing or otherwise extracting payments from the spammers 
themselves (most spam is sent from zombies and it is infeasible to `get` 
the real spammers; but it is enough to demand compensations from users 
whole their computers cause damage)
- require a complex billing mechanism and a lot of customer-service 
calls between senders and their MTA (many MTAs will offer flat-fee 
service including outbound mail filtering, anti-virus and firewall)

Gordon said:
> The ISP is NOT in a good position to do anti-virus filtering, since they do not
<skip>

I disagree, ISPs and mail service providers are already offering such 
`premium` services, and I think this will become more common in the future.

>>5 - existing model: customer is not formally charged, but pays (in some 
>> way) for each account and accounts are terminated on detecting spamming...
> 
> I think it's interesting how many people (clearly from ISPs or at least viewing 
> things from an ISP perspective) always seem to see the "bill them" approach as 
> the solution for these problems.  Obviously, those of us coming from the 
> "enlightened end user" perspective don't much like that approach.

While I talk to ISPs, I'm not an ISP person... and I think that people 
should be liable to damages caused by their computer, just like they are 
liable to damages caused by their car, pet and children. And for your 
computer, buying a protection and insurance package (from your ISP, mail 
provider, etc.) makes a lot of sense, imho.

Amir Herzberg

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From: "Hannigan, Martin" <hannigan@verisign.com>
To: "'laird@lbreyer.com'" <laird@lbreyer.com>, asrg@ietf.org
Subject: RE: [Asrg] Spam, defined, and permissions
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> -----Original Message-----
> From: asrg-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:asrg-bounces@ietf.org]On Behalf Of
> Laird Breyer
> Sent: Tuesday, December 28, 2004 1:59 AM
> To: asrg@ietf.org
> Subject: Re: [Asrg] Spam, defined, and permissions
> 
> 
> On Dec 27 2004, Hannigan, Martin wrote:
> > > 
> > > What bothers me here with your approach is that you're 
> not attacking
> > > the spam problem, you're attacking the user apathy problem and
> > > *hoping* that this will somehow solve the spam problem. 
> But there's no
> > > guidance as to what users will or should do if they wake up 
> > > from their 
> > > apathy. 
> > 
> > Everything that has been done to date is a massive failure.
> > 
> > It's either too difficult for the average end user, or too expensive
> > for the N/ISP to implement, or, has not gained the trust of 
> major networks.
> 
> I'm confused. Are you looking for a single, one size fits all 
> solution?

There is no single solution. SPAM is never going to go away in it's
entirety. If you can minimize it where you can actually measure it
accurately, you can educate people to handle the rest.

> It seems to me that the problems faced by ISPs are quite 
> different than 
> the problems faced by end-users or the problems faced by major webmail
> providers. 

Not really. Internet services are from the bottom up, and the funding of
those products/services is top down. The users major problem is always
the ISP's major problem. Major problem impacts call centers, sales,
operations,
usage, capacity models, etc.

> 
> I believe my criticism is valid, but if I am looking at things too
> simplistically, please enlighten me: The charging model is 
> intended to 
> push the problem from the ISPs to the end users. End users who don't
> do their bit to fix the spam problem are priced out of the network.

No. It's a mechanism to substantially reduce the amount. SPAM will never
be stopped in it's entirety.

> 
> But pricing doesn't tell the users just what they are supposed to do
> under this scheme. There's the nebulous idea of "keep your PC zombie
> free".

The users aren't supposed to have to do anything.

> 
> I made an analogy with global blacklists, which I think work on the
> same principle.  ISPs harbouring spammers are censored out of the SMTP
> network, but how they are supposed to keep their userlists spammer
> free is nebulous.

As long as you don't need to communicate with comcast, MCI, or AOL, I guess
that works.

> Presumably, email is such a vital resource that end users who are
> priced out of the mail network will do everything possible to return
> to it, and that will somehow acts as a kind of breeding ground for a
> true solution to the zombie problem. Perhaps that can truly happen, I
> don't know.

Youre fantasizing "War of The eWorlds". I'm suggesting a cap on current
services so that any obvious overuse (spam?) is paid for - which in turn
drives entities to act by either a.de-zombify or b. not sending
junk mail - because it's not cost effective ie. comcast charges a commercial
rate for the line, a fee over the cap, a higher cost plan, etc. 


> I imagine that the same hackers who gave us P2P will find a way to
> send email transparently, without necessarily using the existing email
> network. Then we'll have two email networks, a free one and a 
> metered one.

Grasping at straws. There is NO SUCH THING as a free network. This
is 2004. In 1994 there was the appearance of free, but univerisities
bore the brunt of the "cost" for "free".

> > You can only say "get another ISP" for so long and it becomes
> > a clear indicator of your level of understanding of the problem
> > itself, the mechanics, and the history. 
> 
> So long as ISPs don't collude, competitive pressures cannot 
> be discounted. 


We can't control this. Noone can. That's called 'market forces'.

-M<

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From: Devdas Bhagat <devdas@dvb.homelinux.org>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Spam, defined, and permissions
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On 28/12/04 08:04 -0500, Hannigan, Martin wrote:
<snip>
> Youre fantasizing "War of The eWorlds". I'm suggesting a cap on current
> services so that any obvious overuse (spam?) is paid for - which in turn

A cap valid for whom? And enforced how? I run my own server, and
smarthost through a host I control, so I obviously do not have caps.

Viruses and significant volumes of spam go direct to MX, so you do not
have the luxury of forcing them through ISP controlled servers either.

So long as you do not have centrally controlled servers for email, any
feasibility of billing for email is negligible.

The telecom model works because phones are not inherently peer to peer.
The intelligence built into the system is in the core, not at the edge.

If your phone system was to go peer to peer, as with VoIP, do you think
that billing for such traffic would even be feasible?

> drives entities to act by either a.de-zombify or b. not sending
> junk mail - because it's not cost effective ie. comcast charges a commercial
> rate for the line, a fee over the cap, a higher cost plan, etc. 

It would be easier to just charge users by the byte.
 
> 
> > I imagine that the same hackers who gave us P2P will find a way to
> > send email transparently, without necessarily using the existing email
> > network. Then we'll have two email networks, a free one and a 
> > metered one.
> 
> Grasping at straws. There is NO SUCH THING as a free network. This
> is 2004. In 1994 there was the appearance of free, but univerisities
> bore the brunt of the "cost" for "free".

s/free/flat rate/

Devdas Bhagat

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From: "Hannigan, Martin" <hannigan@verisign.com>
To: "'Devdas Bhagat'" <devdas@dvb.homelinux.org>, asrg@ietf.org
Subject: RE: [Asrg] Spam, defined, and permissions
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> -----Original Message-----
> From: asrg-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:asrg-bounces@ietf.org]On Behalf Of
> Devdas Bhagat
> Sent: Tuesday, December 28, 2004 8:49 AM
> To: asrg@ietf.org
> Subject: Re: [Asrg] Spam, defined, and permissions
> 
> 
> On 28/12/04 08:04 -0500, Hannigan, Martin wrote:
> <snip>
> > Youre fantasizing "War of The eWorlds". I'm suggesting a 
> cap on current
> > services so that any obvious overuse (spam?) is paid for - 
> which in turn
> 
> A cap valid for whom? And enforced how? I run my own server, and
> smarthost through a host I control, so I obviously do not have caps.

Then it's possible you'd be forced to the telco's relay and billed
accordingly.

Why are you asking me these questions that you know the answers to 
already?

> 
> Viruses and significant volumes of spam go direct to MX, so you do not
> have the luxury of forcing them through ISP controlled servers either.

Sure I do. This is not some new technology we're discussing. Is it?

> So long as you do not have centrally controlled servers for email, any
> feasibility of billing for email is negligible.

I don't know a tier1 that doesn't have centrally controller servers,
or any ISP for that matter. If they don't offer email services, then
 I guess they don't block port 25.

> The telecom model works because phones are not inherently 
> peer to peer.

I don't understand the relevance. Please explain.

> The intelligence built into the system is in the core, not at 
> the edge.

I don't think I've said anything different.

> 
> If your phone system was to go peer to peer, as with VoIP, do 
> you think
> that billing for such traffic would even be feasible?

Have you read the RFC for SIP? 

Let's use Vonage for an example. There's a call setup and teardown
via a centralized server because their plans are flat rate to a measurement
of minutes.


> > drives entities to act by either a.de-zombify or b. not sending
> > junk mail - because it's not cost effective ie. comcast 
> charges a commercial
> > rate for the line, a fee over the cap, a higher cost plan, etc. 
> 
> It would be easier to just charge users by the byte.

No it wouldn't. You'd have to measure every email instead of a start
and stop record like RADIUS AAA.

> > > I imagine that the same hackers who gave us P2P will find a way to
> > > send email transparently, without necessarily using the 
> existing email
> > > network. Then we'll have two email networks, a free one and a 
> > > metered one.
> > 
> > Grasping at straws. There is NO SUCH THING as a free network. This
> > is 2004. In 1994 there was the appearance of free, but univerisities
> > bore the brunt of the "cost" for "free".
> 
> s/free/flat rate/
> 

Ok, flat rate. But that's what I'm talking about. A flat rate 
network that charges upon violation of the SLA you pay for i.e.
you pay 9.99 for 100 bi-directional emails a month, and it goes
up from there.

-M< 

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From: Devdas Bhagat <devdas@dvb.homelinux.org>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Spam, defined, and permissions
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On 28/12/04 09:06 -0500, Hannigan, Martin wrote:
<snip>
> > 
> > A cap valid for whom? And enforced how? I run my own server, and
> > smarthost through a host I control, so I obviously do not have caps.
> 
> Then it's possible you'd be forced to the telco's relay and billed
> accordingly.

And exactly how does the telco propose to enforce my usage of their
server? Post 25 blocks? I just use another port, or I VPN.

> Why are you asking me these questions that you know the answers to 
> already?
> 
> > 
> > Viruses and significant volumes of spam go direct to MX, so you do not
> > have the luxury of forcing them through ISP controlled servers either.
> 
> Sure I do. This is not some new technology we're discussing. Is it?

How do you propose to do that? Port 25 blocks?
 
> > So long as you do not have centrally controlled servers for email, any
> > feasibility of billing for email is negligible.
> 
> I don't know a tier1 that doesn't have centrally controller servers,
> or any ISP for that matter. If they don't offer email services, then
>  I guess they don't block port 25.

ISPs control their servers. They do not control the servers that their
users can use.
 
> > The telecom model works because phones are not inherently 
> > peer to peer.
> 
> I don't understand the relevance. Please explain.

The PSTN network relies on the exchanges to do everything. These
exchanges are controlled by relatively few entities. With email, you are
dealing with a few orders more of magnitude of entities talking directly
to each other (think HAM radio instead of a phone network).

With few entities involved, billing is relatively simple. Also, all the
billing is done at the exchange, not on the phone and the phone CANNOT
bypass the exchange.

> > The intelligence built into the system is in the core, not at 
> > the edge.
> 
> I don't think I've said anything different.
> 
> > 
> > If your phone system was to go peer to peer, as with VoIP, do 
> > you think
> > that billing for such traffic would even be feasible?
> 
> Have you read the RFC for SIP? 
> 
> Let's use Vonage for an example. There's a call setup and teardown
> via a centralized server because their plans are flat rate to a measurement
> of minutes.
> 

However, if I want to talk to my friends in the US, I can setup a VoIP
network for them, or they can all install Asterix or another piece of
software and then talk directly. Direct end to end connectivity,
competely bypassing any provider.

You need Vonage to be able to talk to the PSTN. If you set a reverse
constraint that you will only talk to IP phones, that communication can
go direct to the other end without having to go via the providers
exchange.

To prevent such things from happening, you would either have to control the
user end device, or use proxies which would prevent such communication.

> > > drives entities to act by either a.de-zombify or b. not sending
> > > junk mail - because it's not cost effective ie. comcast 
> > charges a commercial
> > > rate for the line, a fee over the cap, a higher cost plan, etc. 
> > 
> > It would be easier to just charge users by the byte.
> 
> No it wouldn't. You'd have to measure every email instead of a start
> and stop record like RADIUS AAA.

I wasn't restricting myself to email. All your network traffic would be
charged by the byte, regardless of content.

> > > > I imagine that the same hackers who gave us P2P will find a way to
> > > > send email transparently, without necessarily using the 
> > existing email
> > > > network. Then we'll have two email networks, a free one and a 
> > > > metered one.
> > > 
> > > Grasping at straws. There is NO SUCH THING as a free network. This
> > > is 2004. In 1994 there was the appearance of free, but univerisities
> > > bore the brunt of the "cost" for "free".
> > 
> > s/free/flat rate/
> > 
> 
> Ok, flat rate. But that's what I'm talking about. A flat rate 
> network that charges upon violation of the SLA you pay for i.e.
> you pay 9.99 for 100 bi-directional emails a month, and it goes
> up from there.

But if I use their network only for layer 3 connectivity and not layer
7, how do you propose that such a charge be enforced?

Devdas Bhagat

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From: "Hannigan, Martin" <hannigan@verisign.com>
To: "'Devdas Bhagat'" <devdas@dvb.homelinux.org>, asrg@ietf.org
Subject: RE: [Asrg] Spam, defined, and permissions
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> -----Original Message-----
> From: asrg-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:asrg-bounces@ietf.org]On Behalf Of
> Devdas Bhagat
> Sent: Tuesday, December 28, 2004 9:24 AM
> To: asrg@ietf.org
> Subject: Re: [Asrg] Spam, defined, and permissions
> 
> 
> On 28/12/04 09:06 -0500, Hannigan, Martin wrote:
> <snip>
> > > 
> > > A cap valid for whom? And enforced how? I run my own server, and
> > > smarthost through a host I control, so I obviously do not 
> have caps.
> > 
> > Then it's possible you'd be forced to the telco's relay and billed
> > accordingly.
> 
> And exactly how does the telco propose to enforce my usage of their
> server? Post 25 blocks? I just use another port, or I VPN.

We could play this circle game all day. At some point you're
going port 25. If you VPN to someone elses system, fine, but they
end up paying for your traffic if you break their cap.

> > Why are you asking me these questions that you know the answers to 
> > already?
> > 
> > > 
> > > Viruses and significant volumes of spam go direct to MX, 
> so you do not
> > > have the luxury of forcing them through ISP controlled 
> servers either.
> > 
> > Sure I do. This is not some new technology we're discussing. Is it?
> 
> How do you propose to do that? Port 25 blocks?
>  
> > > So long as you do not have centrally controlled servers 
> for email, any
> > > feasibility of billing for email is negligible.
> > 
> > I don't know a tier1 that doesn't have centrally controller servers,
> > or any ISP for that matter. If they don't offer email services, then
> >  I guess they don't block port 25.
> 
> ISPs control their servers. They do not control the servers that their
> users can use.

They control the paths that they take. 

[ SNIP ]

> 
> With few entities involved, billing is relatively simple. 
> Also, all the
> billing is done at the exchange, not on the phone and the phone CANNOT
> bypass the exchange.

The billing isn't done at the exchange. It's done via the SS7 network.
The only relevance is the calling station. 


[ snip ]

> > Have you read the RFC for SIP? 
> > 
> > Let's use Vonage for an example. There's a call setup and teardown
> > via a centralized server because their plans are flat rate 
> to a measurement
> > of minutes.
> > 
> 
> However, if I want to talk to my friends in the US, I can setup a VoIP
> network for them, or they can all install Asterix or another piece of
> software and then talk directly. Direct end to end connectivity,
> competely bypassing any provider.

Known ports and protocols. You could do this, but at some point you're
going to want to talk to others. Someone is going to pay.

> 
> You need Vonage to be able to talk to the PSTN. If you set a reverse
> constraint that you will only talk to IP phones, that 
> communication can
> go direct to the other end without having to go via the providers
> exchange.

You're describing a crippled system.

> 
> To prevent such things from happening, you would either have 
> to control the
> user end device, or use proxies which would prevent such 
> communication.

I don't know why you don't think nsp's have complete control
over their networks. There are ways to bypass things, but you
just end up on someone elses network. 1 to 1 isn't very useful 
unless you're only going to talk to that one end user for the
rest of your life.

> 
> > > > drives entities to act by either a.de-zombify or b. not sending
> > > > junk mail - because it's not cost effective ie. comcast 
> > > charges a commercial
> > > > rate for the line, a fee over the cap, a higher cost plan, etc. 
> > > 
> > > It would be easier to just charge users by the byte.
> > 
> > No it wouldn't. You'd have to measure every email instead of a start
> > and stop record like RADIUS AAA.
> 
> I wasn't restricting myself to email. All your network 
> traffic would be
> charged by the byte, regardless of content.

Which is part of the problem. If it were broken out by protocol and
had true costs reflected, realistic maximums could be established.
Even breakout by primary protocols i.e. udp, tcp, smtp, rtp, etc.
would be useful for product design. Not for end user billing. But 
the product pricing is most important anyhow.

[ snip ]
 
> > Ok, flat rate. But that's what I'm talking about. A flat rate 
> > network that charges upon violation of the SLA you pay for i.e.
> > you pay 9.99 for 100 bi-directional emails a month, and it goes
> > up from there.
> 
> But if I use their network only for layer 3 connectivity and not layer
> 7, how do you propose that such a charge be enforced?

You're missing the point. I don't need by user granularity. I need
a inter-carrier billing system (here today) that reflects the actual
usage by my peer. The end user is their carriers responsibility. The
vonage 500 minute plan remains my example.

-M<

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From asrg-bounces@ietf.org  Tue Dec 28 10:06:08 2004
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Spam, defined, and permissions
To: "ASRG" <asrg@ietf.org>
From: "Jon Kyme" <jrk@merseymail.com>
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> 
> Another fallacy of the disk is cheap argument is:
> 
> 
> Around, I dunno, 30% of the US (I think closer to 50% in Europe, and
> much less elsewhere) has broadband (DSL or cable.) Let's stick to the
> US for the sake of discussion.
> 

er, OK, not sure how that helps the discussion ...

> So, around 70% doesn't, and presumably mostly live with 56k modem
> service.
> 
> Typical good throughput on a 56k modem is around 4KB/sec which
> translates to a MB every 250 seconds or around 13MB/hour.
> 
> So, a 250MB mailbox @ 56kb takes around TWENTY HOURS to transfer.
> 
> Even at some typical DSL speed of 1Mbit/s down that's around 1MByte/10
> seconds or 250MB in 2500 seconds, or ~40 minutes but I'd be shocked if
> that means much less than an hour in practice.
> 
> Who wants to wait an hour to download their mailbox? How about twenty
> hours?
> 
> John McCarthy used to (maybe still) have a .sig which said "Those who
> will not do arithmetic are doomed to speak nonsense". Indeed.
> 

Sorry, why would I want to "download my mailbox"? Is this an argument for
or against pushing *all* mail to the end-user?
 

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From: Devdas Bhagat <devdas@dvb.homelinux.org>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Spam, defined, and permissions
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On 28/12/04 09:46 -0500, Hannigan, Martin wrote:
<snip>
> > And exactly how does the telco propose to enforce my usage of their
> > server? Post 25 blocks? I just use another port, or I VPN.
> 
> We could play this circle game all day. At some point you're
> going port 25. If you VPN to someone elses system, fine, but they
> end up paying for your traffic if you break their cap.

My point is that I control both ends of the VPN, and I have no caps at
either end.

> > > Why are you asking me these questions that you know the answers to 
> > > already?
> > > 
> > > > 
> > > > Viruses and significant volumes of spam go direct to MX, 
> > so you do not
> > > > have the luxury of forcing them through ISP controlled 
> > servers either.
> > > 
> > > Sure I do. This is not some new technology we're discussing. Is it?
> > 
> > How do you propose to do that? Port 25 blocks?
> >  
> > > > So long as you do not have centrally controlled servers 
> > for email, any
> > > > feasibility of billing for email is negligible.
> > > 
> > > I don't know a tier1 that doesn't have centrally controller servers,
> > > or any ISP for that matter. If they don't offer email services, then
> > >  I guess they don't block port 25.
> > 
> > ISPs control their servers. They do not control the servers that their
> > users can use.
> 
> They control the paths that they take. 

ISPs control layer 3 paths. ISPs do not control layer 7. Trying to
control layer 7 will merely result in SSL certificates or the like being
required, and with self signed certs, the whole ISP interception fails.
 
> [ SNIP ]
> 
> > 
> > With few entities involved, billing is relatively simple. 
> > Also, all the
> > billing is done at the exchange, not on the phone and the phone CANNOT
> > bypass the exchange.
> 
> The billing isn't done at the exchange. It's done via the SS7 network.
> The only relevance is the calling station.  
> 
> [ snip ]
> 
> > > Have you read the RFC for SIP? 
> > > 
> > > Let's use Vonage for an example. There's a call setup and teardown
> > > via a centralized server because their plans are flat rate 
> > to a measurement
> > > of minutes.
> > > 
> > 
> > However, if I want to talk to my friends in the US, I can setup a VoIP
> > network for them, or they can all install Asterix or another piece of
> > software and then talk directly. Direct end to end connectivity,
> > competely bypassing any provider.
> 
> Known ports and protocols. You could do this, but at some point you're
> going to want to talk to others. Someone is going to pay.

Sure. Anyone that I want to talk to will have their own VoIP service, or
they will hook into mine. I can become my own provider for various
services.
(This is the same reason why NAT is evil).

> 
> > 
> > You need Vonage to be able to talk to the PSTN. If you set a reverse
> > constraint that you will only talk to IP phones, that 
> > communication can
> > go direct to the other end without having to go via the providers
> > exchange.
> 
> You're describing a crippled system.

I am just limiting it to an IP only scenario, and removing the telco
from the picture.
 
> > 
> > To prevent such things from happening, you would either have 
> > to control the
> > user end device, or use proxies which would prevent such 
> > communication.
> 
> I don't know why you don't think nsp's have complete control
> over their networks. There are ways to bypass things, but you
> just end up on someone elses network. 1 to 1 isn't very useful 
> unless you're only going to talk to that one end user for the
> rest of your life.

Everyone I need to talk to currently is just using their ISP for L3
connectivity. Nothing more.

> > 
> > > > > drives entities to act by either a.de-zombify or b. not sending
> > > > > junk mail - because it's not cost effective ie. comcast 
> > > > charges a commercial
> > > > > rate for the line, a fee over the cap, a higher cost plan, etc. 
> > > > 
> > > > It would be easier to just charge users by the byte.
> > > 
> > > No it wouldn't. You'd have to measure every email instead of a start
> > > and stop record like RADIUS AAA.
> > 
> > I wasn't restricting myself to email. All your network 
> > traffic would be
> > charged by the byte, regardless of content.
> 
> Which is part of the problem. If it were broken out by protocol and
> had true costs reflected, realistic maximums could be established.
> Even breakout by primary protocols i.e. udp, tcp, smtp, rtp, etc.
> would be useful for product design. Not for end user billing. But 
> the product pricing is most important anyhow.
> 
> [ snip ]
>  
> > > Ok, flat rate. But that's what I'm talking about. A flat rate 
> > > network that charges upon violation of the SLA you pay for i.e.
> > > you pay 9.99 for 100 bi-directional emails a month, and it goes
> > > up from there.
> > 
> > But if I use their network only for layer 3 connectivity and not layer
> > 7, how do you propose that such a charge be enforced?
> 
> You're missing the point. I don't need by user granularity. I need
> a inter-carrier billing system (here today) that reflects the actual
> usage by my peer. The end user is their carriers responsibility. The
> vonage 500 minute plan remains my example.

But on the Internet, any host with a routed IP address is your peer.
This includes the end users device(s), and not only those of the NSP.
Your whole plan has a fatal flaw in this point (by design of the IP
network).

Devdas Bhagat

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To: "'Devdas Bhagat'" <devdas@dvb.homelinux.org>, asrg@ietf.org
Subject: RE: [Asrg] Spam, defined, and permissions
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> -----Original Message-----
> From: asrg-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:asrg-bounces@ietf.org]On Behalf Of
> Devdas Bhagat
> Sent: Tuesday, December 28, 2004 10:06 AM
> To: asrg@ietf.org
> Subject: Re: [Asrg] Spam, defined, and permissions
> 
> 
> On 28/12/04 09:46 -0500, Hannigan, Martin wrote:
> <snip>
> > > And exactly how does the telco propose to enforce my 
> usage of their
> > > server? Post 25 blocks? I just use another port, or I VPN.
> > 
> > We could play this circle game all day. At some point you're
> > going port 25. If you VPN to someone elses system, fine, but they
> > end up paying for your traffic if you break their cap.
> 
> My point is that I control both ends of the VPN, and I have no caps at
> either end.
> 

So what?

We can play this game all day. Try to
understand where I am coming from before you decide to continue
to play this losing game and waste both of our efforts:

1. The rest of the world is the target, the 99.99999% of 
   people who simply use Windows and browsers for most of
   what they need. Not the .00000001% who are unix genii, 
   illuminati, or other highly sophisticated users of the network.
   They have their place, but it's not dictating the market.

   [ BTW: For the non MSEX users, Devdas has a cute "flag" that
     notes "Friends protect friends from Microsoft" it shows up
     like an advertising banner (spam) in my client - this is fine
     for egocentric discussion, but it's not a realists view -M< ]

2. Spending time developing client side fixes outside of secure systems
   is a waste of time. Market force already handles the secure systems 
   aspect.

3. Most of the solutions out there today, RBL, xBL, DNSBL, 
   etc. are well intentioned but misplaced shows of strength and would've
   been better served higher up in the network and more effective in 
   the hands of business people i.e. understands how nsp's work, capex,
   opex, operations, etc. Most do not. The frothy  (well intentioned) people
   of the early years hurt us all and made it near impossible to make 
   any progress any higher up in the network as a result.

4. The Internet is _still_ in it's infancy and it's made it past the
   "interesting toy" stage to a fully ingrained commerce network.

5. Anything that has the potential to impact a providers bottom
   line _and_ improve service capability will get attention. Most
   will fail. Some will be taken serious. One may even make it into
   serious consideration. 

How much more do I need to explain to you, Devdas? Every scenario you
brought up, and can bring up, is resolvable through billing, operational
approach, or regulatory action. 

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Date: Tue, 28 Dec 2004 22:14:02 +0530
From: Devdas Bhagat <devdas@dvb.homelinux.org>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Spam, defined, and permissions
Message-ID: <20041228221402.A15283@evita.devdas.geek>
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On 28/12/04 10:40 -0500, Hannigan, Martin wrote:
<snip>
> > 
> > On 28/12/04 09:46 -0500, Hannigan, Martin wrote:
> > <snip>
> > > > And exactly how does the telco propose to enforce my 
> > usage of their
> > > > server? Post 25 blocks? I just use another port, or I VPN.
> > > 
> > > We could play this circle game all day. At some point you're
> > > going port 25. If you VPN to someone elses system, fine, but they
> > > end up paying for your traffic if you break their cap.
> > 
> > My point is that I control both ends of the VPN, and I have no caps at
> > either end.
> > 
> 
> So what?
> 
> We can play this game all day. Try to
> understand where I am coming from before you decide to continue
> to play this losing game and waste both of our efforts:
> 
> 1. The rest of the world is the target, the 99.99999% of 
>    people who simply use Windows and browsers for most of
>    what they need. Not the .00000001% who are unix genii, 
>    illuminati, or other highly sophisticated users of the network.
>    They have their place, but it's not dictating the market.

Let me put it this way:
What I can do, a spammer can. Given that a zombied box is under the
total control of the spammer, this is a reasonable assumption.

Now, how does the telco stop the spammer from sending direct to MX spam?
Also, how does the investment into design and development into a billing
system which needs to work for lots and lots of ISPs get justified?

The simplest solution of aggressively blocking port 25 outbound/inbound
for these "users" works just as well, and does not require any major
additional investment, except some ratelimiting scripts.

>    [ BTW: For the non MSEX users, Devdas has a cute "flag" that
>      notes "Friends protect friends from Microsoft" it shows up
>      like an advertising banner (spam) in my client - this is fine
>      for egocentric discussion, but it's not a realists view -M< ]

Oh, that has been a running punchline for quite some time. All those who
read my mail with MS Outlook will see that flag.
X-Message-Flag: <Your message goes here>
 
> 2. Spending time developing client side fixes outside of secure systems
>    is a waste of time. Market force already handles the secure systems 
>    aspect.
> 
> 3. Most of the solutions out there today, RBL, xBL, DNSBL, 
>    etc. are well intentioned but misplaced shows of strength and would've
>    been better served higher up in the network and more effective in 
>    the hands of business people i.e. understands how nsp's work, capex,
>    opex, operations, etc. Most do not. The frothy  (well intentioned) people
>    of the early years hurt us all and made it near impossible to make 
>    any progress any higher up in the network as a result.

I agree. The original RBL was a BGP based list. That idea would still
work. Kill your spammer fast or get intranetted.

> 4. The Internet is _still_ in it's infancy and it's made it past the
>    "interesting toy" stage to a fully ingrained commerce network.
> 
> 5. Anything that has the potential to impact a providers bottom
>    line _and_ improve service capability will get attention. Most
>    will fail. Some will be taken serious. One may even make it into
>    serious consideration. 
> 
> How much more do I need to explain to you, Devdas? Every scenario you
> brought up, and can bring up, is resolvable through billing, operational
> approach, or regulatory action. 

My understanding of your solution is that enforcing it will either be a
nightmare, or an end to the peer to peer model of the Internet (which
really removes the usefulness of the network) or both.

Devdas Bhagat

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From asrg-bounces@ietf.org  Tue Dec 28 12:45:44 2004
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From: Seth Breidbart <sethb@panix.com>
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"Michael Kaplan" <mkaplansolution@lycos.com> wrote:
> From: "Seth Breidbart" <sethb@panix.com>

> I thought that the issue that you were bringing up was the
> following:  A spammer forges your address and sends out a million
> pieces of spam and you subsequently get an enormous number of
> bounces as per my system. 
>
> I suggest that this won't be an issue as your email service provider
> will only allow you to receive one of these special bounces if you
> had just sent out the corresponding email.

You're assuming that my email provider runs your system.  Any method
that requires global implementation to start with isn't going to fly.

Since my provider isn't running your system, those who are running
your system are going to be spamming me, reported as spamming me, and
blocked for spamming me.

Seth


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From asrg-bounces@ietf.org  Tue Dec 28 12:55:21 2004
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From: Seth Breidbart <sethb@panix.com>
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	(mkaplansolution@lycos.com)
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"Michael Kaplan" <mkaplansolution@lycos.com> wrote:

> This is not a content filter.  If the spammer doesn't have your
> email address then the spammer can't send you spam.  There is no
> reason for the spammer to increase the spam load.  Sending spam to a
> very effective filter is not futile.  Sending spam to a non-existent
> address is completely futile so the spammer will stop doing it.

History says otherwise.

>> How do I know which language my sender will prefer? Particularly if the
>> sender is a new correspondent. If I set my system up to send out such
>> bounces in say, Hindi, and you don't understand it at all, how would
>> that situation be handled?
>
> The text in these bounces is generic.  My email provider can
> recognize one of these generic bounces and substitute the generic
> Hindi message with an identicle generic English message.  I'm sure
> that others can think of other similar ways to handle this
> situation.  

Once again, you're assuming that all email providers implement your
system on Day 1.

> Even if this process did not happen then I doubt it would be a big
> problem.  If your system sends out bounces in Hindi then whoever is
> trying to correspond with you also likely speaks Hindi.  People who
> cannot read each others language at all rarely correspond via email.

That works fine for mono-lingual people on both ends.

But what happens when I try to correspond with someone who speaks
Hindi, French, and English and whose primary language is not English?
We _could_ communicate except that your system sends me the Hindi
version.

Seth



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> -----Original Message-----
> From: asrg-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:asrg-bounces@ietf.org]On Behalf Of
> Devdas Bhagat
> Sent: Tuesday, December 28, 2004 11:44 AM
> To: asrg@ietf.org
> Subject: Re: [Asrg] Spam, defined, and permissions
> 
> 
> On 28/12/04 10:40 -0500, Hannigan, Martin wrote:
> <snip>
> > > 
> > > On 28/12/04 09:46 -0500, Hannigan, Martin wrote:
> > > <snip>
> > > > > And exactly how does the telco propose to enforce my 
> > > usage of their
> > > > > server? Post 25 blocks? I just use another port, or I VPN.
> > > > 
> > > > We could play this circle game all day. At some point you're
> > > > going port 25. If you VPN to someone elses system, 
> fine, but they
> > > > end up paying for your traffic if you break their cap.
> > > 
> > > My point is that I control both ends of the VPN, and I 
> have no caps at
> > > either end.
> > > 
> > 
> > So what?
> > 
> > We can play this game all day. Try to
> > understand where I am coming from before you decide to continue
> > to play this losing game and waste both of our efforts:
> > 
> > 1. The rest of the world is the target, the 99.99999% of 
> >    people who simply use Windows and browsers for most of
> >    what they need. Not the .00000001% who are unix genii, 
> >    illuminati, or other highly sophisticated users of the network.
> >    They have their place, but it's not dictating the market.
> 
> Let me put it this way:
> What I can do, a spammer can. Given that a zombied box is under the
> total control of the spammer, this is a reasonable assumption.

Yes, but under the scenario the users are responsible for their
machines like anyone else. We are not talking about total global
annihilation of spam. This is not possible. We are talking about
significant reduction and refocusing of effort so that spam is
a 3 to 8% portion of global email vs. 75% or more. I would be
satisfied if such a system cut spam by 60% or more, and so many 
others. 

SPAM gets reclassified as fraud if it's circumventing a billing
system. 

I don't know how to make it _any_ clearer.

 

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From asrg-bounces@ietf.org  Tue Dec 28 14:48:01 2004
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I can certainly believe that one could build a network that somewhat
resembled the Internet but that forced all the e-mail through a small
number of meter points.  But I have a lot of trouble seeing how you
could turn the real Internet into that Internet, and particularly how
you would pay for it.

As Phill most recently pointed out, the phone system is a completely
useless model here because it has a multi-billion dollar billing
infrastructure already in place, and the internal structure is quite
different.

Regards,
John Levine, johnl@taugh.com, Taughannock Networks, Trumansburg NY
http://www.taugh.com



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From asrg-bounces@ietf.org  Tue Dec 28 15:34:15 2004
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> From: asrg-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:asrg-bounces@ietf.org] On 
> Behalf Of Amir Herzberg

> I believe there is a large sub-community here, that believes 
> in charging 
> per spam - or, I prefer, per a fraudulent message (containing 
> objectionable mail without appropriate label).

This is the key, how to make the abuser pay.

I think that this is a viable goal, particularly since it is not necessary
to be strictly scrupulous with measurement. Overbilling is not a defect in
this system.

Similarly I think that there is a lot that can be done to stop abuse of
botnets by ISPs but the advantage is seen by others. The challenge here is
how to change the business model so that there is an incentive to deploy
these measures.

If all else fails the incentive will be regulation, but that is likely to a)
take quite a long time and b) result in inflexible requirements or peverse
incentives. Regulation is a blunt weapon. 


	Phill

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> -----Original Message-----
> From: John Levine [mailto:asrg@johnlevine.com]
> Sent: Tuesday, December 28, 2004 2:36 PM
> To: asrg@ietf.org
> Cc: Hannigan, Martin
> Subject: Re: [Asrg] mail metering, was Spam, defined, and permissions
> 
> 
> I can certainly believe that one could build a network that somewhat
> resembled the Internet but that forced all the e-mail through a small
> number of meter points.  But I have a lot of trouble seeing how you
> could turn the real Internet into that Internet, and particularly how
> you would pay for it.
> 
> As Phill most recently pointed out, the phone system is a completely
> useless model here because it has a multi-billion dollar billing
> infrastructure already in place, and the internal structure is quite
> different.
> 

I'm going to have to politely agree to disagree. The telco infrastructure
consists of component applications for hardware and software interface and
in my past experience, this wouldn't be so difficult. It's one of the things
that makes the telcos a formidable power in communications i.e. provisioning
and billing. It's actually the best model to follow, IMHO. 

RADIUS AAA has already been integrated, for example.

-M<


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From asrg-bounces@ietf.org  Tue Dec 28 17:18:18 2004
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Spam, defined, and permissions
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On December 28, 2004 at 16:32 laird@lbreyer.com (Laird Breyer) wrote:
 > I don't think that ISPs put up with zombies willingly. It's just part
 > of the massively decentralized internet.

Apparently they do put up with zombies willingly since there are
somewhere between (by various estimates) 1M and 10M at any given
moment.

Unless you include in "willingly" the unwillingness to spend money
(particularly staff resources) on combatting the problem.

I'd say that sums up most of it, along with a cavalier DGAS (d=don't
g=give...)  attitude, a belief that their revenues lie in expending
focus elsewhere. And general cluelessness which is closely tied to
unwillingness to spend money. And just bad management; whatever the
intent no one in the chain of command has the authority to do whatever
needs to be done, such as shut a zombie down. That's pretty common in
my experience, plenty of staff, a few clueful, quite a few clueful
enough for this, none with the authority to actually do anything that
would shut down or interfere with a customer except billing (non-pay.)

That's another good reason for trying to figure out some sort of
excess charging scheme: It moves it into the realm of billing. We
didn't shut you off because we don't like the e-mail you send etc etc
etc, we shut you off because you've exceeded your credit threshold or
haven't paid your bill or whatever. Ask any corporate lawyer which
s/he'd prefer, shutoffs for content or volume or complaint policies,
or for non-payment (or you can guess.)

 > I'd like to speculate that in yet another future, ISPs will be faced
 > with new mail transports which bypass metered SMTP. In such a future,
 > mail is indistinguishable from binary data, and charged as part of the
 > flat monthly fee. 

Yeah well any anti-spam proposal which springs from the assumption
that the entire e-mail infrastructure will be rebuilt from scratch
tends to be shunned. Not sure why the same wouldn't apply to your
comment.

Funny how people who are too clueless to run an anti-virus program are
now suddenly clever enough to deploy open source messaging stealthware
to bypass widespread policy.

Any port in a storm I suppose.

-- 
        -Barry Shein

Software Tool & Die    | bzs@TheWorld.com           | http://www.TheWorld.com
Purveyors to the Trade | Voice: 617-739-0202        | Login: 617-739-WRLD
The World              | Public Access Internet     | Since 1989     *oo*

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> -----Original Message-----
> From: asrg-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:asrg-bounces@ietf.org]On Behalf Of
> Barry Shein
> Sent: Tuesday, December 28, 2004 5:01 PM
> To: laird@lbreyer.com
> Cc: asrg@ietf.org
> Subject: Re: [Asrg] Spam, defined, and permissions
> 
> 
> 
> On December 28, 2004 at 16:32 laird@lbreyer.com (Laird Breyer) wrote:
>  > I don't think that ISPs put up with zombies willingly. 
> It's just part
>  > of the massively decentralized internet.
> 
> Apparently they do put up with zombies willingly since there are
> somewhere between (by various estimates) 1M and 10M at any given
> moment.

Barry - correct. The solution in practice is 80/20. Get the
controllers, pray the bots die with it. Snatch and Grab on the
controllers is usually temporary though since they move around
with anchor domains that can't be touched once paid for i.e.
 .i0wnj00z.com and use freedns providers to complete a host name
portion for reverse resolutions hard coded in the trojans.

Most of the ISP's do care, but they'd be overwhelmed in the 20% 
response side of the equation.


> Unless you include in "willingly" the unwillingness to spend money
> (particularly staff resources) on combatting the problem.

> 
> I'd say that sums up most of it, along with a cavalier DGAS (d=don't
> g=give...)  attitude, a belief that their revenues lie in expending
> focus elsewhere. And general cluelessness which is closely tied to
> unwillingness to spend money. And just bad management; whatever the
> intent no one in the chain of command has the authority to do whatever
> needs to be done, such as shut a zombie down. That's pretty common in
> my experience, plenty of staff, a few clueful, quite a few clueful
> enough for this, none with the authority to actually do anything that
> would shut down or interfere with a customer except billing (non-pay.)

Yep. 

> 
> That's another good reason for trying to figure out some sort of
> excess charging scheme: It moves it into the realm of billing. We
> didn't shut you off because we don't like the e-mail you send etc etc
> etc, we shut you off because you've exceeded your credit threshold or
> haven't paid your bill or whatever. Ask any corporate lawyer which
> s/he'd prefer, shutoffs for content or volume or complaint policies,
> or for non-payment (or you can guess.)
> 
>  > I'd like to speculate that in yet another future, ISPs 
> will be faced
>  > with new mail transports which bypass metered SMTP. In 
> such a future,
>  > mail is indistinguishable from binary data, and charged as 
> part of the
>  > flat monthly fee. 
> 
> Yeah well any anti-spam proposal which springs from the assumption
> that the entire e-mail infrastructure will be rebuilt from scratch
> tends to be shunned. Not sure why the same wouldn't apply to your
> comment.

I'm trying to stay off my billing system kick so I'll generalize.
It's far cheaper to integrate this into billing systems than it is
to rewrite or rewire the global mail delivery system or continue to
over complicate it.

> Funny how people who are too clueless to run an anti-virus program are
> now suddenly clever enough to deploy open source messaging stealthware
> to bypass widespread policy.

Yeah, go figure. All those dumb people would be criminal felons vs.
civil targets.

> Any port in a storm I suppose.

Sounds like we're ripe for a port 25 love child here on ASRG. 

-M<


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On December 28, 2004 at 16:58 laird@lbreyer.com (Laird Breyer) wrote:
 > I believe my criticism is valid, but if I am looking at things too
 > simplistically, please enlighten me: The charging model is intended to 
 > push the problem from the ISPs to the end users. End users who don't
 > do their bit to fix the spam problem are priced out of the network.

I think it's trying to create a widespread economic motivation to fix
the problem.

No ISP would want to try to crowbar money out of people because a
virus ran up their bill (well, maybe some would, but no reasonable
ISP...)

But introducing economics does change the landscape.

Maybe, suddenly, MS wakes up and starts fixing their OS to not be so
virus-prone, particularly when a competitor is making inroads into
their market with a different OS which is much less virus-prone.
Because suddenly the public is getting anxious about these potential
or real charges as a result of being zombied over and over.

     Flash: On CNBC a short while ago someone from Forrester Research
     said that by the end of 2005 there should be more desktop Linux
     seats than Macintosh. So that'd make Linux #2 on the desktop.
     Not being vulnerable to viruses is a major feature of Linux.
     ``Do the math.''

 > But pricing doesn't tell the users just what they are supposed to do
 > under this scheme. There's the nebulous idea of "keep your PC zombie
 > free".

Which might mean demand better protection, such as from your OS
vendor.

A lot of the problem with spam at this point is cost-shifting, the
whole mess is a big hot potato.

    a) Can't charge the spammers, can't find them, even if you find
       them it's impossible to hold them accountable typically (aka
       "judgement-proof".)

    b) Can't charge the advertisees, can't find them or they claim
       plausible deniability.

       For example:

       Hey, why not charge Pfizer against all the money they make off
       viagra spam as they are the ``protected by law one and only''
       manufacturer, they're obviously benefitting, ok some is
       counterfeit and/or fraudulent but is all of it?

       There was an article a year or so ago in the technical trade
       press tracing the money trail of those mortgage re-fi spams
       back to referral fees (around $100 each) being paid by
       well-known mortgage brokers.

       More than a little of the magical remedies crap can be traced
       back to Herbalife, a real company that uses, ahem, "network
       marketing", and/or their ilk. In a nutshell, they sucker people
       into pre-buying a garage-full of their crap (to qualify as
       "distributors" etc) who then feel sorry for themselves and many
       are willing to even hire spammers to get try to get their life
       savings (sometimes as much as ONE THOUSAND DOLLARS!) back.

    c) Can't charge the ISPs (well, the ISPs get stuck with a lot of
       the bill), they claim common carriage or whatever. Or put
       better, WHO is going to charge the ISPs?

    d) Can't charge the infected zombies, they're poor hapless
       victims.

    e) Can't charge the end-users, it's just wrong to charge
       recipients of spam and no one wants to do anything *wrong*,
       right? Besides, some other ISP would just come along and turn
       that into a marketing slogan.

Round and round.

But lay it all out like that and it explains just where we are:

        Don't charge you!
        Don't charge me!
        Charge that fellow behind the tree!
                (to slightly bawlderize an old remark about taxation.)

Anyhow, the first step to solving a problem is admitting that you have
a problem.

And one problem here is not only the spam, but who is going to feel
the pain of either burdening it or getting rid of it.

It's not that different from a discussion about needing taxes to fix
the schoolhouse roof, who shall we tax? Can't tax the children, can't
tax just their parents cuz they didn't wear it out they're just
passing thru, can't charge property owners it throws old people out of
their homes, can't charge income taxes no enforcement authority, can't
take it out teachers' salaries they're too low already they'd all
quit, etc etc etc etc etc etc etc etc etc etc etc blah blah blah.

 > I made an analogy with global blacklists, which I think work on the
 > same principle.  ISPs harbouring spammers are censored out of the SMTP
 > network, but how they are supposed to keep their userlists spammer
 > free is nebulous.

By and large these were based on the now outdated assumption that most
ISPs from whom spam spewed were knowingly or negligently (and I mean
ignoring floods of complaints about one customer) selling facilities
to spammers who could easily be shut down.

The idea of blacklists arose in the pre-zombie days.

There are still ISPs which fit this description, malicious or
negligent beyond reason.

As an example, go google for articles about Savvis (owners of Cable &
Wireless) early in September 2004. I suspect we're about to see round
#2 of that.

 > Presumably, email is such a vital resource that end users who are
 > priced out of the mail network will do everything possible to return
 > to it, and that will somehow acts as a kind of breeding ground for a
 > true solution to the zombie problem. Perhaps that can truly happen, I
 > don't know.
 > 
 > I imagine that the same hackers who gave us P2P will find a way to
 > send email transparently, without necessarily using the existing email
 > network. Then we'll have two email networks, a free one and a metered one.

It'd be such a tiny proportion of the mail no one would care.

This is another example of "it wouldn't be absolutely perfect so
therefore it's fatally flawed" reasoning.

C'mon. 99% of the email would still be between people who have barely
made their Outlook function, not 3l33t h4x0rz.

 > > You can only say "get another ISP" for so long and it becomes
 > > a clear indicator of your level of understanding of the problem
 > > itself, the mechanics, and the history. 
 > 
 > So long as ISPs don't collude, competitive pressures cannot be discounted. 

Well, not necessarily collusion.

If it became acceptable that a settlement system, e.g., occurred and
either you pay me for your customer's e-mail or I won't accept any of
your e-mail any more then you'd become disinclined at some point to
let your customer run you big bills (or even a lot of small ones where
"a lot" could be 100,000 $1 bills per month.)

That's not collusion, that's just business; pay or die.


-- 
        -Barry Shein

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Purveyors to the Trade | Voice: 617-739-0202        | Login: 617-739-WRLD
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	message` I-D, code
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Although not unspeakable it has that "little" glitch in the idea that
someone has to decide what is spam and what is not.

The problem isn't really spam, per se, it's the volume, particularly
the volume at the recipient's (both the ISP and end-user) expense.

Charge a small fee for all mail, which marketing can work part of into
the base rate ($12.95/mo! First 1,000 messages included!)

Then you don't have to qualitatively assess each e-mail as to whether
it is worthy of free transport or not.

(I know "did you read what I WROTE?!", YES I DID, ok?! It still comes
down to someone, somewhere having to decide what is spam and making
someone else agree to that judgement, unless one is a govt-mandated
monopoly this tends to be a bad business model.)

-- 
        -Barry Shein

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From asrg-bounces@ietf.org  Tue Dec 28 19:56:12 2004
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To: "Jon Kyme" <jrk@merseymail.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Spam, defined, and permissions
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On December 28, 2004 at 14:57 jrk@merseymail.com (Jon Kyme) wrote:
 > > 
 > > Another fallacy of the disk is cheap argument is:
 > > 
 > > 
 > > Around, I dunno, 30% of the US (I think closer to 50% in Europe, and
 > > much less elsewhere) has broadband (DSL or cable.) Let's stick to the
 > > US for the sake of discussion.
 > > 
 > 
 > er, OK, not sure how that helps the discussion ...

It gives us one number to use in the example, with the other 140+
nations' left as an exercise for the reader. And some acknowledgement
that what is true techno-demographically about the US might also be
true about Europe or Japan or Brazil but may not be relevant in Tonga
or Malawi or Nauru, but then again we probably aren't working on any
problems of interest to Tongans or Malawians or Nauruns. So let's just
say the point being made is certainly relevant in the US and probably
in countries techno-demographically like the US, but certainly not
everywhere, not Tonga or Malawi or Nauru (well, maybe Nauru), and move
on to the discussion itself...

 > 
 > Sorry, why would I want to "download my mailbox"? Is this an argument for
 > or against pushing *all* mail to the end-user?

The person whose note I was responding to thinks it should all be
end-user and all works fine because disk is cheap.

Anyhow, at some point if a 1GB mailbox is desireable, and certain
companies (e.g., those whose name rhymes with noogle) think they are,
then some significant portion of that mailbox has to be looked at or
otherwise vetted. Agreed that often one can vet by subject or other
small tokens where some vetting method exists (typically a webmail or
imap interface) but I was just pointing out THAT BIGGER HAS ITS
PROBLEMS ALSO and the fact that raw disk space is cheap doesn't solve
all those problems, at least not w/o potentially creating some others.


-- 
        -Barry Shein

Software Tool & Die    | bzs@TheWorld.com           | http://www.TheWorld.com
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Date: Wed, 29 Dec 2004 03:08:23 +0200
From: Gadi Evron <ge@linuxbox.org>
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Subject: [Asrg] drone armies/botnets research and mitigation mailing list
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Hi. It was suggested to me that I email this here due to the recent 
discussions on this subject. Please forgive if you find this message 
offensive.

We are in the process of forming a new drone armies/botnets research and
mitigation mailing list.

Unlike other resources (which we don't come to compete with), this list
will bring together anti virus researchers/reverse engineers, network
admins and others who may be able to contribute.

AV researchers and reverse engineers see the samples first, and can
alert the rest of us. They can analyze samples and find relevant
information.

Network admins can help with mitigation and hunting.

Some trusted and vetted in real life IRC operators are also welcome.

Anyone interested in joining the list, please send me a note.

People who help with vetting and therefore might see your details, if 
necessary, are are Paul Vixie, Hank Nussbacher and Stephen Gill.

	Gadi.

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From asrg-bounces@ietf.org  Tue Dec 28 20:05:02 2004
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Spam, defined, and permissions
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On December 28, 2004 at 20:35 devdas@dvb.homelinux.org (Devdas Bhagat) wrote:
 > 
 > But on the Internet, any host with a routed IP address is your peer.
 > This includes the end users device(s), and not only those of the NSP.
 > Your whole plan has a fatal flaw in this point (by design of the IP
 > network).
 > 

Again the "I can think of a 1% example which slips through the model
so therefore invoke the ``it's not 100% perfect so it's completely
unworkable'' rule and thereby unilaterally declare victory.

You can arrange with some peer to use some stealthy email method to
avoid billing.

Ok.

Are you going to get Amazon to go along? How about your grandmother (I
know, YOU LEAVE MY GRANDMOTHER OUT OF THIS!)? How about everyone
you've sent mail to so far this month? Mailing lists like this one,
etc.

Believe it or not, you can completely avoid postage on paper mail by
just carrying your package or letter across town yourself. Which
people do, when convenient. I've certainly done it (e.g. walked an
important sheaf of paper over to a lawyer's office myself rather than
pay the usual routes; it's fast and reliable and cheap too!)

This hasn't, however, destroyed the entire notion of a postal system,
at least not thus far.

etc.


-- 
        -Barry Shein

Software Tool & Die    | bzs@TheWorld.com           | http://www.TheWorld.com
Purveyors to the Trade | Voice: 617-739-0202        | Login: 617-739-WRLD
The World              | Public Access Internet     | Since 1989     *oo*

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From asrg-bounces@ietf.org  Tue Dec 28 20:06:17 2004
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Date: Tue, 28 Dec 2004 20:01:40 -0500
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On Mon, Dec 27, 2004 at 10:46:20PM -0500, Barry Shein wrote

> I did say in that note or another on the same thread that detecting
> viral activity and fixing infected PCs has to become simpler and more
> automatic (YOU'RE SENDING A LOT OF EMAIL -- YOU'RE PROBABLY INFECTED
> -- THIS COULD COST YOU $3.47 -- CLICK [HERE] TO
> FIX...bzzzbzzzbzzbzzz...THANK YOU YOU'RE CLEAN HAVE A NICE DAY.)
> 
> We're talking about near and likely futures.

  We're already at that future where, even without the user having to
"CLICK [HERE]" they're getting infected merely by viewing rougue
websites.  And if your idea came true, can you imagine the field-day
that phishers would have with it?
  "Dear Customer;
  our records ees indicatink that you computer ees sendink out 10,000
emails per hour.  Please goink to our outsourced virus cleanink site at
http://www.bad.example.ru/doink_it_to_me.html and clickink 'Yes'"

> It doesn't seem helpful to drag out projections based on the behavior
> of owners of 486/50's running Windows 3.1.

  Don't laugh, those people are almost totally safe.  KLEZ and SirCam
auto-execution capacity wasn't introduced until Windows95.

> I'm talking more about people in some near future, you know, when all
> this charging is deployed, who continue to resist upgrading their
> computers etc. because they're too cheap or whatever reason. Ok,
> they'll get infected, they'll incur nag charges, their choice.

  Note that the main problem today is that so many people don't know
and/or don't care that their home computer is cranking out spam like
crazy when it's idle.  Trojans are deliberately coded to be "under the
radar" so that people don't notice them and have them removed.  What
needs to happen is for accessories to criminal activity to feel some
pain, and to have a really big incentive to see to it that their
machines aren't compromised.

  American Senator Orrin Hatch advocated legalizing vigilante action by
copyright holders, up to and including computer-breakins and deletion of
files on computers illegally holding copyrighted material.  Maybe what
we need is destructive virus/worms to be released by some government.
I'm talking wiping data, low-levelling the hard-drive, and flashing the
BIOS full of garbage, to the point where a machine won't even boot from
a floppy without expenditure of several hundred dollars.  The insecure
machines, which likely are cranking out tons of spam, will be taken out.
Machines that are unaffected by the virus/worms will most likely not
have been compromised by spammers either.  I realize this proposal is
radical, but I consider it similar to amputating a gangrenous limb in
order to save your life.

  Unlike the email-postage ideas, this doesn't require a new public
infrastructure that everybody has to agree to join.  The only major
infrastructure requirements might be new landfill sites to handle all
those dead computers.

-- 
Walter Dnes <waltdnes@waltdnes.org>
An infinite number of monkeys pounding away on keyboards will
eventually produce a report showing that Windows is more secure,
and has a lower TCO, than linux.

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From asrg-bounces@ietf.org  Tue Dec 28 20:26:19 2004
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=20
> idea that someone has to decide what is spam and what is not.

No ... spam is subjective.  Formaly deciding what is or is not spam
is the wrong way to proceed.

Instead, consider what happens if all mail is 'tagged'.  Filtering
becomes
a more reliable mechanism since there would be standard recoginzable
tags.
Filtering could be based on whatever a user or provider chose to use as
a tagging criteria.  The filtering criteria would of course include some
the measure of the trust in the tag's creator.  Now ... We already have
some 'tags' in the mail headers (all of the defined fields).  These
could
Be used and optionally augmented with new labels to provide useable
hooks
to filter mail.

Now this just requires:
 - determination of existing fileds that might be used for filtering
 - definition of new tags
 - meta language for tag syntax and semantic definition
 - digital signature formats and procedures to provide
   authenticity and traceability of tagging
 - tag creation and key distribution procedures
   (perhaps including the exchange of money)

The above ideas are based partialy on the PICS effort.
PICS provided a useful tagging mechanism that is not widely adopted.
It required that 'most' web sites add a label to there home page.
Obviously a non-starter.  However, for e-mail, this could be a value
added service,
That would significantly help solve spam, and mail spoofing problems.

Note, I am not a proponent of fee based solutions, but services will
be created if there is a revenue stream.  There are a variety of payment
models ...

Paul




> -----Original Message-----
> From: asrg-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:asrg-bounces@ietf.org] On=20
> Behalf Of Barry Shein
> Sent: Tuesday, December 28, 2004 4:24 PM
> To: Amir Herzberg
> Cc: asrg@ietf.org
> Subject: Re: [Asrg] Call for contributors to develop `pay per=20
> fraudulantmessage` I-D, code
>=20
>=20
> Although not unspeakable it has that "little" glitch in the=20
> idea that someone has to decide what is spam and what is not.
>=20
> The problem isn't really spam, per se, it's the volume,=20
> particularly the volume at the recipient's (both the ISP and=20
> end-user) expense.
>=20
> Charge a small fee for all mail, which marketing can work=20
> part of into the base rate ($12.95/mo! First 1,000 messages included!)
>=20
> Then you don't have to qualitatively assess each e-mail as to=20
> whether it is worthy of free transport or not.
>=20
> (I know "did you read what I WROTE?!", YES I DID, ok?! It=20
> still comes down to someone, somewhere having to decide what=20
> is spam and making someone else agree to that judgement,=20
> unless one is a govt-mandated monopoly this tends to be a bad=20
> business model.)
>=20
> --=20
>         -Barry Shein
>=20
> Software Tool & Die    | bzs@TheWorld.com           |=20
> http://www.TheWorld.com
> Purveyors to the Trade | Voice: 617-739-0202        | Login:=20
> 617-739-WRLD
> The World              | Public Access Internet     | Since=20
> 1989     *oo*
>=20
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg
>=20

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From asrg-bounces@ietf.org  Tue Dec 28 21:00:35 2004
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Spam, defined, and permissions
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On Dec 28 2004, Barry Shein wrote:

> haven't paid your bill or whatever. Ask any corporate lawyer which
> s/he'd prefer, shutoffs for content or volume or complaint policies,
> or for non-payment (or you can guess.)

Interesting. How would this work on a planetary scale? Different
countries, different law systems. IANAL, but maybe someone on this
list can chime in: are international agreements likely to be strong
enough to make this work, or do we need some WIPO/GATT conference(s) to get
everyone to sign up? Normally, if someone from e.g. India steals your
resources in the US via the internet, I believe you're SOL.

I agree that if you restrict yourself to spam within the US say, then
converting the problem into theft of resources would make the law more
effective within the US. 

> 
>  > I'd like to speculate that in yet another future, ISPs will be faced
>  > with new mail transports which bypass metered SMTP. In such a future,
>  > mail is indistinguishable from binary data, and charged as part of the
>  > flat monthly fee. 
> 
> Yeah well any anti-spam proposal which springs from the assumption
> that the entire e-mail infrastructure will be rebuilt from scratch
> tends to be shunned. Not sure why the same wouldn't apply to your
> comment.

For the same reason that it doesn't apply to your speculation on a
solid world wide billing system per email. It's big picture
speculation about a possible near future.

-- 
Laird Breyer.

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Just a thought:

What'd probably work these days to 'punish' or, more pc, help
quarantine, an infected box would be to just remove their reverse DNS
since so many systems these days will err out an smtp connection from
a box with no reverse DNS, but would still let it browse web pages
etc.

Not claiming it's entirely pure and beautiful and some would argue
that refusing service to non-RDNS boxes is wrong (have fun), and no
doubt it'd break some other things for the user but not sure that's a
real problem (FIX YOUR DAMNED BOX!), but it sure is relatively simple
and lightweight once some software is put together, including mapping
such a customer to any new DHCP contracts, etc.

-- 
        -Barry Shein

Software Tool & Die    | bzs@TheWorld.com           | http://www.TheWorld.com
Purveyors to the Trade | Voice: 617-739-0202        | Login: 617-739-WRLD
The World              | Public Access Internet     | Since 1989     *oo*

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On Dec 28 2004, Barry Shein wrote:
> 
> On December 28, 2004 at 16:58 laird@lbreyer.com (Laird Breyer) wrote:
>  > I believe my criticism is valid, but if I am looking at things too
>  > simplistically, please enlighten me: The charging model is intended to 
>  > push the problem from the ISPs to the end users. End users who don't
>  > do their bit to fix the spam problem are priced out of the network.
> 
> I think it's trying to create a widespread economic motivation to fix
> the problem.
> 
> No ISP would want to try to crowbar money out of people because a
> virus ran up their bill (well, maybe some would, but no reasonable
> ISP...)
> 
> But introducing economics does change the landscape.

I'll agree with you on the changing landscape. I really don't think I can
discuss meaningfully whether that change will achieve a reduction of
spam volume on the networks. So I'll bow out on this topic for now and 
lurk.

> 
> A lot of the problem with spam at this point is cost-shifting, the
> whole mess is a big hot potato.

Nice analysis.

>  > 
>  > I imagine that the same hackers who gave us P2P will find a way to
>  > send email transparently, without necessarily using the existing email
>  > network. Then we'll have two email networks, a free one and a metered one.
> 
> It'd be such a tiny proportion of the mail no one would care.
> 
> This is another example of "it wouldn't be absolutely perfect so
> therefore it's fatally flawed" reasoning.
> 
> C'mon. 99% of the email would still be between people who have barely
> made their Outlook function, not 3l33t h4x0rz.
> 

I used the P2P word for a reason. Would you say that P2P is used by
such a tiny proportion of users that no one cares? 

We (as in the world, well the _other_ world ;-) already have efficient
world wide distribution systems for software, we have skilled people
who write software for free just to spite those who say it can't be
done, and the big free projects like Mozilla etc. are making much
progress in producing friendly software which 99% of connected people can use.

I don't think we can discount things such as plugins for Outlook or
whatever else is popular which would make an alternative mail transport
seamless to the user. They'll just download a package which advertises
itself as "no more metered email!". 

BTW, I'm not suggesting that such an alternative would be better, more
reliable etc than metered email, nor that the alternative would take over
the world etc. But an alternative only needs to fracture the SMTP world
and then we've taken a step back ten years or more. 
 
-- 
Laird Breyer.

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On Tue, 28 Dec 2004, Barry Shein wrote:

> Just a thought:
> 
> What'd probably work these days to 'punish' or, more pc, help
> quarantine, an infected box would be to just remove their reverse DNS
> since so many systems these days will err out an smtp connection from
> a box with no reverse DNS, but would still let it browse web pages. etc.

What about clients with dynamic ip address?
And these probably account for majority of zombies...

P.S. Yes, I know you could set inaddr dynamically and even integrate it 
with dhcp, but how many ISPs do you actually know that have done it?

-- 
William Leibzon
Elan Networks
william@elan.net


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Conversely, I'm trying hard to imagine a spammer who could survive
without using port 25.

Maybe the problem described, evading metering, is not a bug but a
feature.

Use some oddball port or protocol, have a ball, that's not what
started all this. But port 25 becomes the toll road, you can use the
Queensborough, or drive up through The Bronx and take the 207th st
bridge, no one cares, doesn't really obviate the toll at the Midtown,
GW, Triboro, etc., there's a reason they stay in business, and in this
case only one will reliably get you where you probably needed to go
(maybe a better analogy is feel free to move to Indiana and never pay
that toll into Manhattan again.)

-- 
        -Barry Shein

Software Tool & Die    | bzs@TheWorld.com           | http://www.TheWorld.com
Purveyors to the Trade | Voice: 617-739-0202        | Login: 617-739-WRLD
The World              | Public Access Internet     | Since 1989     *oo*

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From asrg-bounces@ietf.org  Tue Dec 28 22:05:14 2004
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From: James Lick <jlick@drivel.com>
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I'm not sure I understand something completely...

In order for a paid postage system to work, ISPs would need to=20
block/control all mail transactions on their network.  The logical way=20
to do this is to block port 25 and monitor and rate limit transactions=20
through the authorized servers.

But it seems to me that just blocking port 25 and monitoring and rate=20
limiting transactions through the authorized servers solves at least 90%=20
of the problem without charging anyone anything.  If the outgoing mail=20
servers all had anti-virus scanning too, you'd make it very difficult to=20
spread viruses effectively too.  Adding smtp-auth on top would make it=20
more difficult still.  And instead of fining those that are spewing=20
viruses, you could just count each failed virus sent as an email attempt=20
and cut off their email at something like 500 messages as going over=20
their quota.  That gives the users an incentive to clean up, while still=20
allowing the ISP a content-neutral mechanism for cutting off the bad appl=
es.

So why aren't the advocates of email postage at least recommending this=20
as a first step?

(Just to be clear, I would only advocate mandatory port 25 blocking on=20
consumer-level accounts.)

--=20
James Lick -- =E9=BB=8E=E5=BB=BA=E6=BA=A5 -- jlick@jameslick.com -- http:=
//jameslick.com/

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To: "'bzs@world.std.com'" <bzs@world.std.com>,
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The only people evading would be spammers.

-M


---
Martin Hannigan
hannigan@verisign.com
Verisign, Inc.


-----Original Message-----
From: asrg-bounces@ietf.org <asrg-bounces@ietf.org>
To: asrg@ietf.org <asrg@ietf.org>
Sent: Tue Dec 28 18:21:37 2004
Subject: Re: [Asrg] mail metering, was Spam, defined, and permissions


Conversely, I'm trying hard to imagine a spammer who could survive
without using port 25.

Maybe the problem described, evading metering, is not a bug but a
feature.

Use some oddball port or protocol, have a ball, that's not what
started all this. But port 25 becomes the toll road, you can use the
Queensborough, or drive up through The Bronx and take the 207th st
bridge, no one cares, doesn't really obviate the toll at the Midtown,
GW, Triboro, etc., there's a reason they stay in business, and in this
case only one will reliably get you where you probably needed to go
(maybe a better analogy is feel free to move to Indiana and never pay
that toll into Manhattan again.)

-- 
        -Barry Shein

Software Tool & Die    | bzs@TheWorld.com           |
http://www.TheWorld.com
Purveyors to the Trade | Voice: 617-739-0202        | Login: 617-739-WRLD
The World              | Public Access Internet     | Since 1989     *oo*

_______________________________________________
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From asrg-bounces@ietf.org  Tue Dec 28 22:12:59 2004
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From: Laird Breyer <laird@lbreyer.com>
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On Dec 28 2004, Hannigan, Martin wrote:
> 
> There is no single solution. SPAM is never going to go away in it's
> entirety. If you can minimize it where you can actually measure it
> accurately, you can educate people to handle the rest.
> 

Great, we are mostly in agreement.


> > It seems to me that the problems faced by ISPs are quite 
> > different than 
> > the problems faced by end-users or the problems faced by major webmail
> > providers. 
> 
> Not really. Internet services are from the bottom up, and the funding of
> those products/services is top down. The users major problem is always
> the ISP's major problem. Major problem impacts call centers, sales,
> operations,
> usage, capacity models, etc.

The differences are there. 

End users don't have a storage problem, nor do they get DDOSed by mail
to invalid usernames. End users don't need to be connected 24/7.  End
users don't have a zombie problem. Their computers can easily handle
hosting a zombie without appreciable direct impact.

ISPs don't have a content and information overload problem. In fact, ISPs
wouldn't need to care what users read or send, if it weren't for that pesky
heavy resource use. 

Put more simply, ISPs have the problems of middle-men. They are
concerned with efficiently moving content. End users are concerned
with actual content, not with efficiently filing it for retrieval. 
 
> 
> > 
> > I believe my criticism is valid, but if I am looking at things too
> > simplistically, please enlighten me: The charging model is 
> > intended to 
> > push the problem from the ISPs to the end users. End users who don't
> > do their bit to fix the spam problem are priced out of the network.
> 
> No. It's a mechanism to substantially reduce the amount. SPAM will never
> be stopped in it's entirety.

I don't think I claimed that charging people would stop spam dead in its 
tracks. However, now that you brought it up, do you have some rough estimate
for the expected reduction? 

If say you're offering a 50% reduction for the price of building a
universal mail metering system, then I'd say install SpamAssassin or a
bunch of other filters, they can easily handle a 50% reduction with
probably a competitive pricetag. However, your system probably creates
more jobs in the economy, and I'm not seriously suggesting that you
claim only 50%. So do you have something in mind when you say
"substantially reduce"?

> 
> > 
> > But pricing doesn't tell the users just what they are supposed to do
> > under this scheme. There's the nebulous idea of "keep your PC zombie
> > free".
> 
> The users aren't supposed to have to do anything.

They are supposed to pay, no?

> > Presumably, email is such a vital resource that end users who are
> > priced out of the mail network will do everything possible to return
> > to it, and that will somehow acts as a kind of breeding ground for a
> > true solution to the zombie problem. Perhaps that can truly happen, I
> > don't know.
> 
> Youre fantasizing "War of The eWorlds". I'm suggesting a cap on current
> services so that any obvious overuse (spam?) is paid for - which in turn
> drives entities to act by either a.de-zombify or b. not sending
> junk mail - because it's not cost effective ie. comcast charges a commercial
> rate for the line, a fee over the cap, a higher cost plan, etc. 

Continuing on from your previous comment, if users are not the entities,
then what other entities should do a. or b.?

> 
> 
> > I imagine that the same hackers who gave us P2P will find a way to
> > send email transparently, without necessarily using the existing email
> > network. Then we'll have two email networks, a free one and a 
> > metered one.
> 
> Grasping at straws. There is NO SUCH THING as a free network. This
> is 2004. In 1994 there was the appearance of free, but univerisities
> bore the brunt of the "cost" for "free".

My mistake, I didn't mean free, rather unmetered per email, ie charged
by data volume as any other binary traffic already is. Also, you'll
note that the above is a "big picture" vision as per bzs's request on
this thread.


-- 
Laird Breyer.

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From: Devdas Bhagat <devdas@dvb.homelinux.org>
To: asrg@ietf.org
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	fraudulantmessage` I-D, code
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On 28/12/04 17:18 -0800, Paul Lambert wrote:
>  
> > idea that someone has to decide what is spam and what is not.
> 
> No ... spam is subjective.  Formaly deciding what is or is not spam
> is the wrong way to proceed.

The objective definition of spam is Unsolicited Bulk Messaging.
Spam is not about content, it's about consent.

> 
> Instead, consider what happens if all mail is 'tagged'.  Filtering
> becomes
> a more reliable mechanism since there would be standard recoginzable
> tags.
> Filtering could be based on whatever a user or provider chose to use as
> a tagging criteria.  The filtering criteria would of course include some
> the measure of the trust in the tag's creator.  Now ... We already have

And you trust the creator on what basis? We already have spammers
spoofing headers, so can you tell me why they will not spoof the tags?

One rather well known way of tagging the message is to use GPG/PGP or
S/MIME signatures.
If the signature validates, you know the mail came from someone with
access to the private key, presumably the owner of the key.

We all know how well that is working out.

Devdas Bhagat

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From asrg-bounces@ietf.org  Tue Dec 28 23:17:36 2004
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From: Laird Breyer <laird@lbreyer.com>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Spam, defined, and permissions
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On Dec 28 2004, Barry Shein wrote:
> 
> On December 28, 2004 at 20:35 devdas@dvb.homelinux.org (Devdas Bhagat) wrote:
>  > 
>  > But on the Internet, any host with a routed IP address is your peer.
>  > This includes the end users device(s), and not only those of the NSP.
>  > Your whole plan has a fatal flaw in this point (by design of the IP
>  > network).
>  > 
> 
> Again the "I can think of a 1% example which slips through the model
> so therefore invoke the ``it's not 100% perfect so it's completely
> unworkable'' rule and thereby unilaterally declare victory.
> 
> You can arrange with some peer to use some stealthy email method to
> avoid billing.

How about a program you can install (distribution channels
modeled on spyware) on your PC which creates a new, free Outlook mail
account. The account talks with a local SMTP/POP3 server. 
SMTP submissions are converted by the local server to whatever protocol
bypasses the ISP toll booth. Maybe it prenegotiates a random port for
normal SMTP with participating SMTP servers, or it converts the SMTP
submission into a P2P like store and forward system. The local POP3 
server can query the P2P network for new mail and download it if possible.

The point is that a local SMTP server can convert a standard mail
submission into any format or transport we imagine, so allows
experimentation. These transports might be developed as plugins over
time. The local POP3 server can retrieve mail if and when it's available. To
the user, the system is indistinguishable from an AOL account or
whatever.

Of course, compared to the existing SMTP network, these methods would
probably increase the load on the internet, be less reliable, use
up space on people's hard disks, increase the risk of mail snooping etc. 

But you could use them with your existing MUA for "free", ie unmetered,
as a second class mail system compared with standard metered SMTP.
Mailing lists could "publish" on this alternative network, people would
start getting spam...

-- 
Laird Breyer.

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From asrg-bounces@ietf.org  Tue Dec 28 23:23:25 2004
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From: "Paul Lambert" <PaulLambert@AirgoNetworks.Com>
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=20

> -----Original Message-----
> From: asrg-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:asrg-bounces@ietf.org] On=20
> Behalf Of Devdas Bhagat
..
> > No ... spam is subjective.  Formaly deciding what is or is=20
> not spam is=20
> > the wrong way to proceed.
>=20
> The objective definition of spam is Unsolicited Bulk Messaging.
> Spam is not about content, it's about consent.

So what?  The consent depends on the content and the originator. =20
There is nothing else to measure or examine.

> And you trust the creator on what basis? We already have=20
> spammers spoofing headers, so can you tell me why they will=20
> not spoof the tags?

My post clearly listed digital signatures as a mechanism.=20

>=20
> One rather well known way of tagging the message is to use=20
> GPG/PGP or S/MIME signatures.
> If the signature validates, you know the mail came from=20
> someone with access to the private key, presumably the owner=20
> of the key.
>=20
> We all know how well that is working out.

So what... I was not describing PGP or S/MIME.

Do you have a useful contribution to make by these comments?


Paul

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From asrg-bounces@ietf.org  Wed Dec 29 00:10:33 2004
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On December 29, 2004 at 11:35 laird@lbreyer.com (Laird Breyer) wrote:
 > On Dec 28 2004, Barry Shein wrote:
 > 
 > > haven't paid your bill or whatever. Ask any corporate lawyer which
 > > s/he'd prefer, shutoffs for content or volume or complaint policies,
 > > or for non-payment (or you can guess.)
 > 
 > Interesting. How would this work on a planetary scale?

Ok, I'll respond in kind...WHICH PLANET? You planetist!

Anyhow, this is easy, there are int'l long distance telephone systems,
postal delivery, package delivery, etc etc so saying it's all
impossible is kinda strange.

> Different
 > countries, different law systems. IANAL, but maybe someone on this
 > list can chime in: are international agreements likely to be strong
 > enough to make this work, or do we need some WIPO/GATT conference(s) to get
 > everyone to sign up? Normally, if someone from e.g. India steals your
 > resources in the US via the internet, I believe you're SOL.
 > 
 > I agree that if you restrict yourself to spam within the US say, then
 > converting the problem into theft of resources would make the law more
 > effective within the US. 
 > 
 > > 
 > >  > I'd like to speculate that in yet another future, ISPs will be faced
 > >  > with new mail transports which bypass metered SMTP. In such a future,
 > >  > mail is indistinguishable from binary data, and charged as part of the
 > >  > flat monthly fee. 
 > > 
 > > Yeah well any anti-spam proposal which springs from the assumption
 > > that the entire e-mail infrastructure will be rebuilt from scratch
 > > tends to be shunned. Not sure why the same wouldn't apply to your
 > > comment.
 > 
 > For the same reason that it doesn't apply to your speculation on a
 > solid world wide billing system per email. It's big picture
 > speculation about a possible near future.
 > 
 > -- 
 > Laird Breyer.
 > 
 > _______________________________________________
 > Asrg mailing list
 > Asrg@ietf.org
 > https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg

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On December 28, 2004 at 21:54 hannigan@verisign.com (Hannigan, Martin) wrote:
 > 
 > The only people evading would be spammers.

That's probably true if the amount of mail included, like 1,000/mo,
was pretty reasonable, it's not really comparable to IP piracy where
every item has value.

-- 
        -Barry Shein

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Date: Wed, 29 Dec 2004 00:22:35 -0500
To: James Lick <jlick@drivel.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Spam, defined, and permissions
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Remove the economic incentives, and I might structure this slightly
differently but whatever, and you end up right where we are right now.

My view is that without introducing economics into the picture we're
all just hoping someone comes along and expends enormous time and
energy and resources etc to fix the problem.


On December 29, 2004 at 10:54 jlick@drivel.com (James Lick) wrote:
 > I'm not sure I understand something completely...
 >=20
 > In order for a paid postage system to work, ISPs would need to=20
 > block/control all mail transactions on their network.  The logical w=
ay=20
 > to do this is to block port 25 and monitor and rate limit transactio=
ns=20
 > through the authorized servers.
 >=20
 > But it seems to me that just blocking port 25 and monitoring and rat=
e=20
 > limiting transactions through the authorized servers solves at least=
 90%=20
 > of the problem without charging anyone anything.  If the outgoing ma=
il=20
 > servers all had anti-virus scanning too, you'd make it very difficul=
t to=20
 > spread viruses effectively too.  Adding smtp-auth on top would make =
it=20
 > more difficult still.  And instead of fining those that are spewing=20=

 > viruses, you could just count each failed virus sent as an email att=
empt=20
 > and cut off their email at something like 500 messages as going over=
=20
 > their quota.  That gives the users an incentive to clean up, while s=
till=20
 > allowing the ISP a content-neutral mechanism for cutting off the bad=
 apples.
 >=20
 > So why aren't the advocates of email postage at least recommending t=
his=20
 > as a first step?
 >=20
 > (Just to be clear, I would only advocate mandatory port 25 blocking =
on=20
 > consumer-level accounts.)
 >=20
 > --=20
 > James Lick -- =1B,Ai;=8Ee;:f:%=1B(B -- jlick@jameslick.com -- http:/=
/jameslick.com/
 >=20
 > _______________________________________________
 > Asrg mailing list
 > Asrg@ietf.org
 > https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg

--=20
        -Barry Shein

Software Tool & Die    | bzs@TheWorld.com           | http://www.TheWor=
ld.com
Purveyors to the Trade | Voice: 617-739-0202        | Login: 617-739-WR=
LD
The World              | Public Access Internet     | Since 1989     *o=
o*

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Subject: RE: [Asrg] mail metering, was Spam, defined, and permissions
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> -----Original Message-----
> From: Barry Shein [mailto:bzs@world.std.com]
> Sent: Wednesday, December 29, 2004 12:17 AM
> To: Hannigan, Martin
> Cc: bzs@world.std.com; asrg@ietf.org
> Subject: Re: [Asrg] mail metering, was Spam, defined, and permissions
> 
> 
> 
> On December 28, 2004 at 21:54 hannigan@verisign.com 
> (Hannigan, Martin) wrote:
>  > 
>  > The only people evading would be spammers.
> 
> That's probably true if the amount of mail included, like 1,000/mo,
> was pretty reasonable, it's not really comparable to IP piracy where
> every item has value.

I'm thinking that every item does have value since every bit is billable
at a higher level in the network and the possibility that the billing
schemes have simply not matured is real.

-M<


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From: Laird Breyer <laird@lbreyer.com>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Spam, defined, and permissions
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On Dec 29 2004, Barry Shein wrote:
> 
> On December 29, 2004 at 11:35 laird@lbreyer.com (Laird Breyer) wrote:
>  > On Dec 28 2004, Barry Shein wrote:
>  > 
>  > > haven't paid your bill or whatever. Ask any corporate lawyer which
>  > > s/he'd prefer, shutoffs for content or volume or complaint policies,
>  > > or for non-payment (or you can guess.)
>  > 
>  > Interesting. How would this work on a planetary scale?
> 
> Ok, I'll respond in kind...WHICH PLANET? You planetist!
> 
> Anyhow, this is easy, there are int'l long distance telephone systems,
> postal delivery, package delivery, etc etc so saying it's all
> impossible is kinda strange.
> 

I'm not at all saying that it's impossible. I'm asking what it will take?

Telephone systems are government regulated and have international
agreements. Postal delivery is, too. Express package delivery is
dominated by private sector, but there's a planetary oligopoly by a
handful of courier services. The relevant agreements did not happen
overnight.

Will ISPs worldwide spontaneously agree to start charging their
customers per email or does a global accounting system of sorts need
to be put in place for email, to force per email charges to be
collected at the leaf nodes? Can the needed agreements be grafted onto
existing telco agreements, or are new agreements required? Does
charging for email imply guaranteed delivery, backed by the law?


-- 
Laird Breyer.

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From asrg-bounces@ietf.org  Wed Dec 29 02:36:52 2004
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Date: Wed, 29 Dec 2004 02:23:33 -0500 (EST)
From: Daniel Feenberg <feenberg@nber.org>
To: James Lick <jlick@drivel.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Spam, defined, and permissions
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On Wed, 29 Dec 2004, James Lick wrote:

> I'm not sure I understand something completely...
> 
> In order for a paid postage system to work, ISPs would need to 
> block/control all mail transactions on their network.  The logical way 
> to do this is to block port 25 and monitor and rate limit transactions 
> through the authorized servers.
> 

Actually, they might just as well charge for or rate limit usage of their
mail servers, but leave port 25 open for IP addresses of their customers.
So customers with static addresses could send email themselves, and gain a
reputation as legitimate or not with the DNSBLs. But their own server
would not be of use to spammers, and in that way they could keep the good
reputation of their own server, even if other IP addresses in their domain
got blacklisted.

As for customers with dynamic addresses spamming, presumably victims will
eventually learn the address ranges involved and start refusing mail from
them. I am not sure why zombies have remained such a problem, since they
never produce any legitimate mail, they are ideal candidates for a DNSBL.
More complicated mechanisms are required only when a given MTA is the
source of both spam and ham.

BTW, I would expect that the typical owner of a zombie, told that his
email quota was used up, would not fix the computer, but would switch to
Yahoo or Hotmail. 

Daniel Feenberg





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Date: Wed, 29 Dec 2004 16:45:44 +0530 (IST)
Subject: RE: [Asrg] GNT..Call for contributors to develop `pay 
	perfraudulantmessage` I-D, code
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I have a very rough proposal - GNT (short for "Give And Take" )

What if The money involved(or some part of it) circulates among the
senders and receivers.
- X gets an account with some initial amount.
- X sends a mail to Y and a fixed amount from her acccount is transferred
to Y's account(whole or part of it and the other part goes to the
provider, whatever is suitable) through some secure transaction.

- If X is a spammer she will eventually run out of money and will have to
pay her provider again (for sending mails).(Assuming we use some sort of 
SMTP extension or some other mechanism for authenticating X's account)

- If Y replies to X's mail the same transaction happens the other way round.

 So, if I am a normal user I am not likely to run out of money in my
account because i'll be sending as well as receiving mails. If there is
some deduction in my account but i know i didn't send any mails then it's
most likely that my machine is infected(assuming there is no way to
prevent zombies from sending authenticated mail ).

And I would love to be spammed because that will only increase the amount
of money in my account.

 I think This concept combined with Amir Herzberg's SICS protocol would be
an effective solution.

I thought of this idea today so didn't get much time to think over it in
detail but I see some potential.

let me know ur views

Regards,
Aseem Jakhar


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From asrg-bounces@ietf.org  Wed Dec 29 07:06:17 2004
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From: Amir Herzberg <herzbea@cs.biu.ac.il>
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To: Barry Shein <bzs@world.std.com>, asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Call for contributors to develop `pay per 
	fraudulantmessage` I-D, code
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Barry Shein wrote:

> Although not unspeakable it has that "little" glitch in the idea that
> someone has to decide what is spam and what is not.

I agree that this should be addressed, and in fact tried to do so in the 
design of SICS; some details are in the existing version and some will 
be included in the next version.

Essentially, the party detecting the mis-labeled message (our variant of 
spam) demands compensation from the signer of the label (typically the 
sender or his MTA), either directly (if they have agreement) or via a 
`guaranteed payments CA` (combination of CA and Payment Service Provider).

This is handled efficiently with the approach of `optimistic` protocols, 
i.e. we first ask the sender to confirm if it is mislabeled or not. If 
he admits (e.g. due to zombie), he pays fine x$. If he disagrees, this 
is a `dispute` and the MTA (or the guaranteed payments CA) will evaluate 
this. Yes, this costs extra money... to be added to the fine, i.e. you 
now pay x$+y$ (or if it is determined this was not a justified 
complaint, the complaining party pays y$).

..skip
> (I know "did you read what I WROTE?!", YES I DID, ok?! It still comes

No need to be aggressive/defensive... While I do try to write as clearly 
and completely as I can, and appreciate it when people read it and help 
improve, I am well aware that people don't have enough time to read 
throughly every proposal, so I am not complaining (usually...).

Best, Amir
> down to someone, somewhere having to decide what is spam and making
> someone else agree to that judgement, unless one is a govt-mandated
> monopoly this tends to be a bad business model.)
> 

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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Call for contributors to develop `pay per 
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Paul Lambert wrote:

>>idea that someone has to decide what is spam and what is not. 
> 
> No ... spam is subjective.  Formaly deciding what is or is not spam
> is the wrong way to proceed.
> 
> Instead, consider what happens if all mail is 'tagged'.  Filtering
> becomes
> a more reliable mechanism since there would be standard recoginzable
> tags.
Exactly! Plus: tagged in an enforceable manner (based on trust between 
individuals and/or organizations, or based on penalties mechanism). 
That's exactly the goal of SICS.

> Filtering could be based on whatever a user or provider chose to use as
> a tagging criteria.  
I think some universal tags would also be useful.

> The filtering criteria would of course include some
> the measure of the trust in the tag's creator. 
If such trust exists. If not (and we do want e-mail to remain open), it 
could include a `bond`  or `guaranteed payment certificate`, by some 
trusted `guaranteed payment certificate authority`, which can be 
redeemed if the tag is misleading. Again: part of SICS design.

...skip...
> Now this just requires:
>  - determination of existing fileds that might be used for filtering
>  - definition of new tags
>  - meta language for tag syntax and semantic definition
>  - digital signature formats and procedures to provide
>    authenticity and traceability of tagging
>  - tag creation and key distribution procedures
>    (perhaps including the exchange of money)
> 
> The above ideas are based partialy on the PICS effort.
Correct. Which is why I coined the name SICS (`Secure Internet Content 
Selection`).
...
> That would significantly help solve spam, and mail spoofing problems.
I agree!
> 
> Note, I am not a proponent of fee based solutions, but services will
In principle, neither am I. But here users pay only if they - or their 
machine - sends message with misleading tags. I think this is Ok - at 
least compared to alternatives...

Best, Amir Herzberg
http://AmirHerzberg.com

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From: "Michael Kaplan" <mkaplansolution@lycos.com>
To: "Seth Breidbart" <sethb@panix.com>
Date: Wed, 29 Dec 2004 21:16:14 -0500
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Please critique my anti-spam system
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Thank you for your feedback.  I have updated my website in response to what=
 I
believe were the most significant criticisms of my method, and I believe th=
at
my method is now devoid of any major flaws.  I have previously responded to=
 the
critiques you mention but I will reiterate.  Once again all of this is cont=
ained within my website:

http://home.nyc.rr.com/spamsolution/An%20Effective%20Solution%20for%20Spam.=
htm


> "Michael Kaplan" <mkaplansolution@lycos.com> wrote:
> > From: "Seth Breidbart" <sethb@panix.com>
>=20
> > I thought that the issue that you were bringing up was the
> > following:  A spammer forges your address and sends out a million
> > pieces of spam and you subsequently get an enormous number of
> > bounces as per my system. I suggest that this won't be an issue=20
> > as your email service provider
> > will only allow you to receive one of these special bounces if you
> > had just sent out the corresponding email.
>=20
> You're assuming that my email provider runs your system.  Any method
> that requires global implementation to start with isn't going to fly.
>=20
> Since my provider isn't running your system, those who are running
> your system are going to be spamming me, reported as spamming me, and
> blocked for spamming me.

The following is from my website.  It addresses how my system will deal with
bounces:

"Email service providers will continue their practice of blocking the bulk =
of email
that is suspected of being spam even before it is accepted.  Bounces are ne=
ver sent
to this vast amount of probable spam that is rejected at edge.  All emails =
that make
it to the level of content filtering are then sent through a weak spam filt=
er
(meaning one that will almost never generate a false positive).  Let us say
this weak filter, in combination with the pre-acceptance spam blocking,
identifies 95% of spam emails as unambiguously being spam.  Bounces are
now generated only to the remaining 5% of emails.  Now ISACS can only
increase a network's traffic up to 5%.  This small increase in traffic
should be quite tolerable.  We have also dramatically decreased the number
of innocent people who will be hit with these bounces because a spammer for=
ged
their email address.  (Frankly if a spammer can forge your address then you=
 must
really be getting hit with spam, so activating ISACS would solve your probl=
ems).
Using a =91normal=92 spam filter instead of a weak one will obviously place=
 an even
lower burden on the email system.

There will still be some innocent victims, but the number is now far fewer.
Email service providers can respond to the growing popularity of this system
by filtering out any bounce that is sent to a user who had not previously s=
ent
the corresponding email.  There really should be no reason for anyone to re=
ceive
a bounce in response to an email that they never sent."

As you can see instant global implementation of my system is definitely not=
 a requirement.

> > This is not a content filter.  If the spammer doesn't have your
> > email address then the spammer can't send you spam.  There is no
> > reason for the spammer to increase the spam load.  Sending spam to a
> > very effective filter is not futile.  Sending spam to a non-existent
> > address is completely futile so the spammer will stop doing it.
>=20
> History says otherwise.

I will no longer argue that the system will decrease spamming attempts, alt=
hough
it will certainly profoundly decrease spam seen by the user.

> >> How do I know which language my sender will prefer? Particularly if the
> >> sender is a new correspondent. If I set my system up to send out such
> >> bounces in say, Hindi, and you don't understand it at all, how would
> >> that situation be handled?
> >
> > The text in these bounces is generic.  My email provider can
> > recognize one of these generic bounces and substitute the generic
> > Hindi message with an identicle generic English message.  I'm sure
> > that others can think of other similar ways to handle this
> > situation.
>=20
> Once again, you're assuming that all email providers implement your
> system on Day 1.

I have markedly improved my system for dealing with multiple languages.
Once again from my web-site:

"   When you activate this system you select what languages you want
the bounces to go out in.  Someone who speaks English and Chinese will
select both languages.  The bounce will go out containing instructions
in both languages.  If someone who only spoke Russian sent this Chinese
and English speaker an email using a deactivated sub-address then yes,
the Russian person would not be able to directly follow the instructions
to decode the CAPTCHA.  It will be a rare occurrence, however, for these
two people to be corresponding."

Once again instant global implementation is completely unnecessary.

> > Even if this process did not happen then I doubt it would be a big
> > problem.  If your system sends out bounces in Hindi then whoever is
> > trying to correspond with you also likely speaks Hindi.  People who
> > cannot read each others language at all rarely correspond via email.
>=20
> That works fine for mono-lingual people on both ends.
>=20
> But what happens when I try to correspond with someone who speaks
> Hindi, French, and English and whose primary language is not English?
> We _could_ communicate except that your system sends me the Hindi
> version.

Answered above.


I have actually been quite pleased by the feed back I've received over
this discussion board.  No, I haven't received much in terms of words of su=
pport,
but I've avoided what I feared most: A specific reason(s) why my system wou=
ldn't
work.  I was able to rectify most of the concrete objections (such as above)
with a few days of thought.  Many of the remaining criticisms focused on su=
b-groups
of individuals that wouldn't want to activate my system.  I had already acc=
epted
that some people wouldn't want to use my system but that the majority of
users would find it acceptable.

My system remains the ONLY proposed system that allows people avoid nearly =
100% of spam
while retaining their current email address, while allowing strangers to co=
rrespond,
while being very simple to use and to implement, while remaining
impervious to any technical circumvention by spammers.

Others have said that this is not the best system, but those same individua=
ls
absolutely refused to provide an example of a better system.  I will contin=
ue to pursue the development of this system until I am given a specific rea=
son to believe that it will
not work.

Michael G. Kaplan


--=20
_______________________________________________
Find what you are looking for with the Lycos Yellow Pages
http://r.lycos.com/r/yp_emailfooter/http://yellowpages.lycos.com/default.as=
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From: Seth Breidbart <sethb@panix.com>
To: asrg@ietf.org
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	(mkaplansolution@lycos.com)
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Please critique my anti-spam system
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"Michael Kaplan" <mkaplansolution@lycos.com> wrote:

> There will still be some innocent victims, but the number is now far
> fewer.

"None" is acceptable.  Any number higher than that, even if "far
fewer" than some even worse method, is not acceptable.

If I'm a victim of your system, there will be complaints and blocking
as a result.

> Email service providers can respond to the growing popularity of
> this system by filtering out any bounce that is sent to a user who
> had not previously sent the corresponding email.  There really
> should be no reason for anyone to receive a bounce in response to an
> email that they never sent."
>
> As you can see instant global implementation of my system is
> definitely not a requirement.

No, it's merely a requirement not to be subjected to spam by the users
of your system.

>  No, I haven't received much in terms of words of support, but I've
> avoided what I feared most: A specific reason(s) why my system
> wouldn't work.

Which you did by ignoring the reasons given.

> My system remains the ONLY proposed system that allows people avoid
> nearly 100% of spam while retaining their current email address,
> while allowing strangers to correspond, while being very simple to
> use and to implement, while remaining impervious to any technical
> circumvention by spammers.

I note that you don't give as a goal "avoiding harm to innocent
victims".  That's one reason the users of your system will find
themselves blocked.

Seth

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> My view is that without introducing economics into the picture we're
all just hoping someone comes along and expends enormous time and
energy and resources etc to fix the problem.

If done right, it's NOT expensive or difficult.  It looks that way MOSTLY 
because most people are looking at stupid and ill-conceived 'solutions'.

Or they're dealing with apples and oranges, like the recent post where people 
were talking about long distance telephone calls and package delivery services 
as examples where billing and cost allocation schemes seem to be effective.  
They're totally ignoring the fact that the costs being allocated are like three, 
four, maybe even five orders of magnitude difference in the price of what you're 
accounting for.  If the cost of your accounting processes is on the order of 
pennies per transaction (and credit card transactions, which are highly 
automated and have been tweaked and tuned for years, are at least billed at MUCH 
more than that), that's fine for international package delivery and probably 
even for phone calls, but it's hopelesly out of the ballgame for E-mail 
transmissions.

>> In order for a paid postage system to work, ISPs would need to 
 > block/control all mail transactions on their network.  The logical way 
 > to do this is to block port 25 and monitor and rate limit transactions 
 > through the authorized servers.
 > 
 > But it seems to me that just blocking port 25 and monitoring and rate 
 > limiting transactions through the authorized servers solves at least 90% 
 > of the problem without charging anyone anything.  

If you have 50 million zombies recruited, you can send a billion spam E-mails 
daily by sending 20 E-mails per day per zombie.

>> If the outgoing mail 
 > servers all had anti-virus scanning too, you'd make it very difficult to 
 > spread viruses effectively too.  

ALL worms and viruses are at their MOST prolific and MOST dangerous before they 
are recognized by ANY antivirus software.

What nearly everybody is missing on the antivirus front is the simple fact that 
if clueless, sweet old Aunt Gertrude suddenly starts sending E-mails containing 
an ActiveX or a 180Kb .EXE file or 125Kb .PIF file, or with Javascript-encrypted 
message bodies and obscured URLs, that is SO unlike her typical and familiar 
behavior that it all by itself is 'a priori' evidence that ought to raise at 
least SEVERAL red flags.  You don't HAVE to virus-scan the 125Kb .PIF file to 
determine that it's bogus... the mere fact that it is THERE (and in an E-mail 
from HER) is enough that it ought to be routed straight to the bit bucket (or at 
the VERY least to some kind of quarantine).

Now, some senders ARE legitimate programmers (me, for one) and I might actually 
be EXPECTED to send executable files in E-mail, although even there there are 
clients I'd be likely to send executable attachments to and other friends or 
relatives where I'd be VERY unlikely to send them executables (and in any case, 
I certainly wouldn't need to send them to them without warning them about it in 
advance!).

So the current widespread dependence on antivirus scanning is really sort of 
dumb, because you're racing to lock the doors AFTER the horses have escaped.  It 
doesn't matter all that much how long they've been gone!

On the other hand, if you simply block (or quarantine, or whatever) UNEXPECTED 
executable (or other 'dangerous') attachments based on a sender-recipient pair, 
you can eliminate VIRTUALLY ALL virus/worm E-mail propagation, and without 
requiring constant updating of virus signature files (which, even updated DAILY, 
will always lag new threats enough to allow INCREDIBLY wide malware propagation, 
to tens or hundreds of millions of machines, within a matter of minutes or 
hours).  Even TOTALLY NEW E-mailed viruses and worms don't get a 'free run' 
before they're blocked.

> Adding smtp-auth on top would make it 
 > more difficult still.  

These approaches still generally have the problem that people with personal 
domains (and who are blocked from sending through their domain provider's SMTP 
servers by these port-25 blocks) have problems sending mail through their 
ISP-provided mail servers.  Most ISPs (understandably) seem to want their 
customers to send their E-mails using the E-mail addresses assigned to the 
customer by the ISP.  Customers, of course, have JUST as much reason to NOT want 
to tie themselves that hard to a particular ISP.

> And instead of fining those that are spewing 
 > viruses, you could just count each failed virus sent as an email attempt 
 > and cut off their email at something like 500 messages as going over 
 > their quota.  

So dear aunt Gertrude suddenly finds she can't send legitimate E-mails anymore. 
So what does she do?  She either gets frustrated and confused and just gets off 
the net, or else she calls her ISP and burns through cu$tomer $upport time while 
they try to help her.  Neither way is a happy solution, and both cost real money 
to somebody.

> That gives the users an incentive to clean up, while still 
 > allowing the ISP a content-neutral mechanism for cutting off the bad apples.

What's wrong with it NOT being content-neutral?

What's wrong with having a filter which blocks strange/inhabitual mail sent by 
Gertrude's machine, but lets her own normal E-mails through just fine?  To me, 
*that* is an intelligent filter... or at least, more of one.

This isn't unlike the active audio noise filter schemes that were popular in 
stereo equipment some years back... (since then these have largely become 
irrelevant in digital audio...) rather than a brute-force "hiss filter" which 
just cuts the high end (and leaving a muddy low-fi mess), it makes more sense to 
look at what ELSE is there, opening the gates (and closing them!) dynamically 
based on what you EXPECT to (maybe!) be there, while actively blocking 
unexpected, random stuff which is almost certain to be only just unwanted noise. 
 High frequency material is most likely to be the result of overtones of 
fundamental (or other overtone) sounds one octave lower.  If the accompanying 
stuff isn't there, then the overtones probably shouldn't be there either.

>> So why aren't the advocates of email postage at least recommending this 
 > as a first step?

Maybe because charge-per-email schemes (even with these "well, the first 
'however many' will be free" (which in practice never seems to last once the 
camel's nose is in the tent) are repugnant and offensive to most users, who've 
been deceived by such BS too many times already? 

>> (Just to be clear, I would only advocate mandatory port 25 blocking on 
 > consumer-level accounts.)

Consumers have almost as much reason to want permanent, portable personal domain 
names as anybody else.

Gordon Peterson                  http://personal.terabites.com/
1977-2002  Twenty-fifth anniversary year of Local Area Networking!
Support free and fair US elections!  http://stickers.defend-democracy.org
12/19/98: Partisan Republicans scornfully ignore the voters they "represent".
12/09/00: the date the Republican Party took down democracy in America.



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> - If X is a spammer she will eventually run out of money and will have to
pay her provider again (for sending mails).(Assuming we use some sort of 
SMTP extension or some other mechanism for authenticating X's account)

> - If Y replies to X's mail the same transaction happens the other way round.

> So, if I am a normal user I am not likely to run out of money in my
account because i'll be sending as well as receiving mails. If there is
some deduction in my account but i know i didn't send any mails then it's
most likely that my machine is infected(assuming there is no way to
prevent zombies from sending authenticated mail ).

> And I would love to be spammed because that will only increase the amount
of money in my account.

And so what happens for 'free' community mailing lists and other such affinity 
groups, which get one mail from a group member and send it out to the other 
thousand members of the affinity group?

Not all E-mail send/receive traffic is anything remotely like symmetrical.

Gordon Peterson                  http://personal.terabites.com/
1977-2002  Twenty-fifth anniversary year of Local Area Networking!
Support free and fair US elections!  http://stickers.defend-democracy.org
12/19/98: Partisan Republicans scornfully ignore the voters they "represent".
12/09/00: the date the Republican Party took down democracy in America.



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From asrg-bounces@ietf.org  Thu Dec 30 01:08:29 2004
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From: "Hannigan, Martin" <hannigan@verisign.com>
To: "'gep2@terabites.com'" <gep2@terabites.com>, asrg@ietf.org
Subject: RE: [Asrg] Re: - More 'pay per' foolishness
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If anyone missed it, I'm not talking about "pay per" I'm talking about
inter-carrier bit billing broken out by protocol (SMTP) that causes
providers to know exactly what their SMTP costs are and they can react
accordingly with rate plans that accomodate hamburgers, double cheesburgers,
and Big Mac's with fries. 


-M<



--
Martin Hannigan                         (c) 617-388-2663
VeriSign, Inc.                          (w) 703-948-7018
Network Engineer IV                       Operations & Infrastructure
hannigan@verisign.com



> -----Original Message-----
> From: asrg-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:asrg-bounces@ietf.org]On Behalf Of
> gep2@terabites.com
> Sent: Thursday, December 30, 2004 12:38 AM
> To: asrg@ietf.org
> Subject: [Asrg] Re: - More 'pay per' foolishness
> 
> 
> > - If X is a spammer she will eventually run out of money 
> and will have to
> pay her provider again (for sending mails).(Assuming we use 
> some sort of 
> SMTP extension or some other mechanism for authenticating X's account)
> 
> > - If Y replies to X's mail the same transaction happens the 
> other way round.
> 
> > So, if I am a normal user I am not likely to run out of money in my
> account because i'll be sending as well as receiving mails. 
> If there is
> some deduction in my account but i know i didn't send any 
> mails then it's
> most likely that my machine is infected(assuming there is no way to
> prevent zombies from sending authenticated mail ).
> 
> > And I would love to be spammed because that will only 
> increase the amount
> of money in my account.
> 
> And so what happens for 'free' community mailing lists and 
> other such affinity 
> groups, which get one mail from a group member and send it 
> out to the other 
> thousand members of the affinity group?
> 
> Not all E-mail send/receive traffic is anything remotely like 
> symmetrical.
> 
> Gordon Peterson                  http://personal.terabites.com/
> 1977-2002  Twenty-fifth anniversary year of Local Area Networking!
> Support free and fair US elections!  
> http://stickers.defend-democracy.org
> 12/19/98: Partisan Republicans scornfully ignore the voters 
> they "represent".
> 12/09/00: the date the Republican Party took down democracy 
> in America.
> 
> 
> 
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg
> 

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> And so what happens for 'free' community mailing lists and other such
> affinity
> groups, which get one mail from a group member and send it out to the
> other
> thousand members of the affinity group?
Ok how about choosing IDs for which u don't want to receive the benefit.
So, while subscribing to a mailing list u are required to authorize the
list ID for sending free messages.

> Not all E-mail send/receive traffic is anything remotely like symmetrical.
Doesn't matter. Atleast it's better than paying when u send and not
getting anything when you receive.
It could also lead to reduction in email traffic which is not bad.

Regards,
Aseem Jakhar

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gep2@terabites.com wrote:

> If you have 50 million zombies recruited, you can send a billion spam=20
> E-mails daily by sending 20 E-mails per day per zombie.
>
> =20
>

The figures I've heard are that there are somewhere around 5 million=20
zombie hosts out there, and any one group has at most 500,000 hosts they=20
control.  That's still a lot, but an order of magnitude or two below=20
your scenario.

> ALL worms and viruses are at their MOST prolific and MOST dangerous=20
> before they are recognized by ANY antivirus software.
>
> =20
>

If most of them have to go through an authorized ISP's server that=20
limits each machine to a certain number of emails, then viruses will=20
become much less capable of spreading.  In addition, it is easier to=20
install anti-virus software that is updated frequently on a small number=20
of mail servers than on every individual computer.  I've seen reports=20
that as many as half of the end-user computers have no or outdated virus=20
protection.  Server anti-virus software can be updated hourly or even=20
more frequently while end-user software is at best updated daily.  Most=20
viruses continue to spread wildly even days after anti-virus updates are=20
available.  It won't solve the problem entirely, but it will reduce the=20
magnitude of the problem significantly.

>What nearly everybody is missing on the antivirus front is the simple fa=
ct that=20
>if clueless, sweet old Aunt Gertrude suddenly starts sending E-mails con=
taining=20
>an ActiveX or a 180Kb .EXE file or 125Kb .PIF file, or with Javascript-e=
ncrypted=20
>message bodies and obscured URLs, that is SO unlike her typical and fami=
liar=20
>behavior that it all by itself is 'a priori' evidence that ought to rais=
e at=20
>least SEVERAL red flags.
> =20
>

Ah, but the most logical place to determine what Aunt Gertrude usually=20
sends is by forcing her to use her ISP's mail server and to analyze it=20
there.  You could also set it so that the limit of executable content is=20
lower than other types of emails.  This still does not account for the=20
fact that e.g. JPEGs, MP3s, Word DOCs and various other types of content=20
can have security exploits in them.=20

>So the current widespread dependence on antivirus scanning is really sor=
t of=20
>dumb, because you're racing to lock the doors AFTER the horses have esca=
ped.  It=20
>doesn't matter all that much how long they've been gone!
>
> =20
>

Despite not being perfect, anti-virus scanning is effective in reducing=20
the problem.  Putting up more roadblocks will only reduce the problem=20
further.  Just because some of the horses have escaped doesn't mean you=20
leave the door open for the rest to get out.

>On the other hand, if you simply block (or quarantine, or whatever) UNEX=
PECTED=20
>executable (or other 'dangerous') attachments based on a sender-recipien=
t pair,=20
>you can eliminate VIRTUALLY ALL virus/worm E-mail propagation, and witho=
ut=20
>requiring constant updating of virus signature files (which, even update=
d DAILY,=20
>will always lag new threats enough to allow INCREDIBLY wide malware prop=
agation,=20
>to tens or hundreds of millions of machines, within a matter of minutes =
or=20
>hours).  Even TOTALLY NEW E-mailed viruses and worms don't get a 'free r=
un'=20
>before they're blocked.
>
> =20
>

OK, do that TOO then.  The more impediments the better.  Note that even=20
this proposal is not perfect, because you can't quarantine every JPEG,=20
MP3, or Word DOC file because the average user would crucify whoever=20
blocked some time-critical document or product sample photo because it=20
might be dangerous.  And who knows what other file types we think of as=20
innocuous turn out to be exploitable?  Still, there are certain emails=20
that can probably be quarantined without most people complaining.  If=20
that helps reduce the problem, let's give it a try.  But again, where's=20
the best place to do this?  At the sender's ISP, before it gets out furth=
er.

>These approaches still generally have the problem that people with perso=
nal=20
>domains (and who are blocked from sending through their domain provider'=
s SMTP=20
>servers by these port-25 blocks) have problems sending mail through thei=
r=20
>ISP-provided mail servers.
>

Mail submission protocol, VPN, ssh tunneling, buying premium service=20
with fixed ip and no filtering, and a variety of other possibilities=20
exist.  Yes, it sucks that it is more difficult to send mail, but it=20
sucked when we had to close down open relays too.  The vast majority of=20
people have no desire to do what you want, and those that do should be=20
able to figure out how to accomplish it.

>
>So dear aunt Gertrude suddenly finds she can't send legitimate E-mails a=
nymore.=20
>So what does she do?  She either gets frustrated and confused and just g=
ets off=20
>the net, or else she calls her ISP and burns through cu$tomer $upport ti=
me while=20
>they try to help her.  Neither way is a happy solution, and both cost re=
al money=20
>to somebody.
> =20
>

Well that's just too bad.  I'd rather have Aunt Gertrude pay the price=20
of getting infected than for me to pay the price of dealing with=20
receiving the sewage her computer is spewing.  ISPs can reduce such=20
costs tremendously by doing agressive virus filtering both in and out. =20
ISPs don't need to do anything more than tell Aunt Gertrude to get her=20
computer cleaned of viruses and could either refer her to such a service=20
or offer a paid service of their own.

>What's wrong with it NOT being content-neutral?
> =20
>

I only mentioned that because others had mentioned that filtering by=20
content would be a problematic in terms of customer relations or=20
legally.  I don't completely share that concern, but it is much less=20
subjective and much harder to argue over something content-neutral.

>What's wrong with having a filter which blocks strange/inhabitual mail s=
ent by=20
>Gertrude's machine, but lets her own normal E-mails through just fine?  =
To me,=20
>*that* is an intelligent filter... or at least, more of one.
>
> =20
>

Sounds like a good idea.  Would work pretty well if you did that=20
analysis and filtering at her ISP.  Let us know when you have it working.

>Consumers have almost as much reason to want permanent, portable persona=
l domain=20
>names as anybody else.
> =20
>

More than 99% of consumers have absolutely no desire for that, and those=20
that do have many options of how to achieve that even in the face of=20
port 25 filtering by default.  Experience has shown that every time a=20
consumer level ISP has implemented port 25 filtering has seen spam and=20
virus propagation from their networks drop dramatically.  Experience has=20
shown that mail servers employing agressive, well-updated anti-virus=20
filtering see greatly reduced virus propagation in their mail clients. =20
It's not perfect, but it works much better than without it.  If most=20
consumer ISPs did it, the problem would be reduced even further.

--=20
James Lick -- =E9=BB=8E=E5=BB=BA=E6=BA=A5 -- jlick@jameslick.com -- http:=
//jameslick.com/

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-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----

Michael Kaplan wrote:

| This is not a content filter.  If the spammer doesn't have your email
address then the spammer can't send you spam.  There is no reason for
the spammer to increase the spam load.  Sending spam to a very effective
filter is not futile.  Sending spam to a non-existent address is
completely futile so the spammer will stop doing it.

This is absolutely and dangerously false.

3 years ago we decommissioned two old domains.  There wasn't even
an MX for them.

At the time, the two domains were getting 140,000 spams per day.

Almost 2 years later, I turned the domains back on again out of curiousity.

Was the volume zero?  Hah.

It was 600,000 per day.

Since then it's spiking at above 6 _million_ per day.

Most power spammer could care less about bandwidth.  They're stealing
it, why worry about wasting it?
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-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----

James Lick wrote:
|
| gep2@terabites.com wrote:
|
|> If you have 50 million zombies recruited, you can send a billion spam
|> E-mails daily by sending 20 E-mails per day per zombie.
|>
|>
|>
|
| The figures I've heard are that there are somewhere around 5 million
| zombie hosts out there, and any one group has at most 500,000 hosts they
| control.  That's still a lot, but an order of magnitude or two below
| your scenario.

That estimate is way to low.  The CBL alone was listing almost four
million of them at one point - and that's with an apparently relatively
short timeout, and only detecting certain flavours hitting specific traps.

| More than 99% of consumers have absolutely no desire for that, and those
| that do have many options of how to achieve that even in the face of
| port 25 filtering by default.  Experience has shown that every time a
| consumer level ISP has implemented port 25 filtering has seen spam and
| virus propagation from their networks drop dramatically.  Experience has
| shown that mail servers employing agressive, well-updated anti-virus
| filtering see greatly reduced virus propagation in their mail clients.
| It's not perfect, but it works much better than without it.  If most
| consumer ISPs did it, the problem would be reduced even further.

Absolutely.  ISPs have reported that implementing port 25 blocking has
virtually eliminated the emission of viruses. And spam too.
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I've been a part of this list for some time now, in mostly lurking fashion.
My question to the group is, if you read all the anti-spam vendors (me
included), they all claim high-9 catch rates and near-zero false positives.
If this is the case, why are we still here trying to eliminate spam when one
would think that, if the claims are true, the spam problem has been solved?
I can only think of one of three reasons:
 
1. The vendor claims are false.  In the real world, you still get lots of
undesireable email.
2. The vendor claims are true, but we're a bunch of perfectionists searching
for infinite resolution of Pi.
3. The filtering paradigm is a non-solution due to increased use of
recipient resources (bandwith, storage, processing, end-user time, etc)
 
I'm jaded here because I just don't get any spam at all. To me, this group
is firmly stuck in #2.  But I'd love to hear everyone's feedback/experience
on "Why are we still here?"
 
Peter Kay
Titan Key Software

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<BODY>
<DIV><SPAN class=3D382225916-30122004><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2>I've =
been a part of=20
this list for some time now, in mostly lurking fashion. My question to =
the group=20
is, if you read all the anti-spam vendors (me included), they all claim =
high-9=20
catch rates and near-zero false positives. If this is the case, why are =
we still=20
here trying to eliminate spam when one would think that, if the claims =
are true,=20
the spam problem has been solved?&nbsp;I can only think of one of three=20
reasons:</FONT></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=3D382225916-30122004><FONT face=3DArial=20
size=3D2></FONT></SPAN>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=3D382225916-30122004><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2>1. The =
vendor claims=20
are false.&nbsp; In the real world, you still get lots of undesireable=20
email.</FONT></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=3D382225916-30122004><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2>2. The =
vendor claims=20
are true, but we're a bunch of perfectionists searching for infinite =
resolution=20
of Pi.</FONT></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=3D382225916-30122004><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2>3. The =
filtering=20
paradigm is a non-solution due to increased use of recipient resources=20
(bandwith, storage, processing, end-user time, etc)</FONT></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=3D382225916-30122004><FONT face=3DArial=20
size=3D2></FONT></SPAN>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=3D382225916-30122004><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2>I'm =
jaded here=20
because I just don't get any spam at all.&nbsp;To me, this group is =
firmly stuck=20
in #2.&nbsp; But I'd love to hear everyone's feedback/experience on "Why =
are we=20
still here?"</FONT></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=3D382225916-30122004><FONT face=3DArial=20
size=3D2></FONT></SPAN>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=3D382225916-30122004><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2>Peter=20
Kay</FONT></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=3D382225916-30122004><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2>Titan =
Key=20
Software</FONT></SPAN></DIV></BODY></HTML>

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From asrg-bounces@ietf.org  Thu Dec 30 13:03:31 2004
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From: Devdas Bhagat <devdas@dvb.homelinux.org>
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Why are we still here?
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On 30/12/04 07:12 -1000, Peter Kay wrote:
> I've been a part of this list for some time now, in mostly lurking fashion.
> My question to the group is, if you read all the anti-spam vendors (me
> included), they all claim high-9 catch rates and near-zero false positives.

Let me see vendors successfully handling abuse desk mailboxes, or
mailboxes for sales, abuse, postmaster, and helpdesk at the edge MTA.

I am not really interested in per recipient mail filtering as much as
trying to make sure it doesn't get sent out in the first place.

> If this is the case, why are we still here trying to eliminate spam when one
> would think that, if the claims are true, the spam problem has been solved?
> I can only think of one of three reasons:
>  
> 1. The vendor claims are false.  In the real world, you still get lots of
> undesireable email.
> 2. The vendor claims are true, but we're a bunch of perfectionists searching
> for infinite resolution of Pi.
> 3. The filtering paradigm is a non-solution due to increased use of
> recipient resources (bandwith, storage, processing, end-user time, etc)
>  
> I'm jaded here because I just don't get any spam at all. To me, this group
> is firmly stuck in #2.  But I'd love to hear everyone's feedback/experience
> on "Why are we still here?"

#3 for me. In the opinions of the people that I know of here who are
handling significatint amounts of mail not destined for their own inbox,
that seems to be true too.

Devdas Bhagat

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From asrg-bounces@ietf.org  Thu Dec 30 13:09:29 2004
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From: John Levine <asrg@johnlevine.com>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] More 'pay per' foolishness
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>If anyone missed it, I'm not talking about "pay per" I'm talking
>about inter-carrier bit billing broken out by protocol (SMTP) that
>causes providers to know exactly what their SMTP costs are and they
>can react accordingly with rate plans that accomodate hamburgers,
>double cheesburgers, and Big Mac's with fries.

But counting the port 25 packets is only related in the most vague
sense to actual e-mail costs.  I don't know anyone (other than vendors
who want to be the gatekeeper) who thinks there's any merit in
charging for mail that isn't spam, and I don't know very many who
think there's any merit in charging for e-mail in general other than
as an indirect way to stop spam.

If you're going to count the port 25 packets, it seems to me that a
much cheaper and equally effective approach would be to forget about
money and let networks set hourly or daily ingress quotas for their
peers.  If someone on network A sends a huge blast of spam to network
B, they'll hit their daily limit at 12:05 AM, and no more mail over
that path until tomorrow.  Then network A has to deal with the
complaints from its own users that their mail is falling on the floor.

Regards,
John Levine, johnl@taugh.com, Taughannock Networks, Trumansburg NY
http://www.taugh.com




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From asrg-bounces@ietf.org  Thu Dec 30 13:41:27 2004
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> My question to the group is, if you read all the anti-spam vendors
> (me included), they all claim high-9 catch rates and near-zero false
> positives.  If this is the case, why are we still here [...]?

> I can only think of one of three reasons:

> 1. The vendor claims are false.  In the real world, you still get
>    lots of undesireable email.

> 2. The vendor claims are true, but we're a bunch of perfectionists
>    searching for infinite resolution of Pi.

> 3. The filtering paradigm is a non-solution due to increased use of
>    recipient resources (bandwith, storage, processing, end-user time,
>    etc)

I think there is some truth in each.

(1) is true to an extent.  Some of those claims are, doubtless, utterly
fabricated; some more (probably a lot more) are true but only for a
particular kind of user, kind of site, kind of whatever.  My own
filtering, for example, is probably somewhere around two nines - but to
get that I do some things that some sites Just Can't Do, such as
rejecting HTML out of hand.

(2) is probably true to an extent too, though I think it more likely
that we're rejecting the vendor "solutions" not so much because we're
perfectionists but because we're not interested in proprietary turnkey
"solutions".  I know I'm not - open-source your filters and I may
consider them, but I'm not interested in anything closed-source or
otherwise proprietary.  (If nothing else I simply have no budget - I
can and do pay with my time, but if it takes money it's a nonstarter.)

(3) certainly has truth to it too.  When your pipe is redlined with SYN
packets, it doesn't matter how little processing you do on each one, to
cite just one example.

/~\ The ASCII				der Mouse
\ / Ribbon Campaign
 X  Against HTML	       mouse@rodents.montreal.qc.ca
/ \ Email!	     7D C8 61 52 5D E7 2D 39  4E F1 31 3E E8 B3 27 4B

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Subject: RE: [Asrg] Why are we still here?
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From: asrg-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:asrg-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of
Peter Kay



I've been a part of this list for some time now, in mostly lurking fashion.
My question to the group is, if you read all the anti-spam vendors (me
included), they all claim high-9 catch rates and near-zero false positives.
If this is the case, why are we still here trying to eliminate spam when one
would think that, if the claims are true, the spam problem has been solved?
I can only think of one of three reasons:
 
1. The vendor claims are false.  In the real world, you still get lots of
undesireable email.
2. The vendor claims are true, but we're a bunch of perfectionists searching
for infinite resolution of Pi.
3. The filtering paradigm is a non-solution due to increased use of
recipient resources (bandwith, storage, processing, end-user time, etc)

The simple answer is that filtering is only a tactical palliative and we
have not put the criminal spammers out of business. At this point the
proportion of spam created by non-criminal businesses is negligible. High
nines catch rates are good but not a solution for the person who like me
receives 1000 spams per day.
 
 

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<META content="MSHTML 6.00.2800.1476" name=GENERATOR></HEAD>
<BODY>
<DIV><FONT face=Tahoma size=2><BR><B>From:</B> asrg-bounces@ietf.org 
[mailto:asrg-bounces@ietf.org] <B>On Behalf Of </B>Peter 
Kay<BR><BR></FONT></DIV>
<BLOCKQUOTE dir=ltr 
style="PADDING-LEFT: 5px; MARGIN-LEFT: 5px; BORDER-LEFT: #0000ff 2px solid; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px">
  <DIV><SPAN class=382225916-30122004><FONT face=Arial size=2>I've been a part 
  of this list for some time now, in mostly lurking fashion. My question to the 
  group is, if you read all the anti-spam vendors (me included), they all claim 
  high-9 catch rates and near-zero false positives. If this is the case, why are 
  we still here trying to eliminate spam when one would think that, if the 
  claims are true, the spam problem has been solved?&nbsp;I can only think of 
  one of three reasons:</FONT></SPAN></DIV>
  <DIV><SPAN class=382225916-30122004><FONT face=Arial 
  size=2></FONT></SPAN>&nbsp;</DIV>
  <DIV><SPAN class=382225916-30122004><FONT face=Arial size=2>1. The vendor 
  claims are false.&nbsp; In the real world, you still get lots of undesireable 
  email.</FONT></SPAN></DIV>
  <DIV><SPAN class=382225916-30122004><FONT face=Arial size=2>2. The vendor 
  claims are true, but we're a bunch of perfectionists searching for infinite 
  resolution of Pi.</FONT></SPAN></DIV>
  <DIV><SPAN class=382225916-30122004><FONT face=Arial size=2>3. The filtering 
  paradigm is a non-solution due to increased use of recipient resources 
  (bandwith, storage, processing, end-user time, 
etc)</FONT></SPAN></DIV></BLOCKQUOTE>
<DIV dir=ltr><SPAN class=382225916-30122004><FONT face=Arial size=2><SPAN 
class=391192718-30122004>The simple answer is that filtering is only a tactical 
palliative and we have not put the criminal spammers out of business. At this 
point the proportion of spam created by non-criminal businesses is negligible. 
High nines catch rates are good but not a solution for the person who like me 
receives 1000 spams per day.</SPAN></FONT></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV dir=ltr><SPAN class=382225916-30122004><FONT face=Arial size=2><SPAN 
class=391192718-30122004></SPAN></FONT></SPAN>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV dir=ltr><SPAN class=382225916-30122004><FONT face=Arial size=2><SPAN 
class=391192718-30122004></SPAN></FONT></SPAN>&nbsp;</DIV></BODY></HTML>

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From asrg-bounces@ietf.org  Thu Dec 30 14:13:07 2004
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From: "Hannigan, Martin" <hannigan@verisign.com>
To: "'asrg@johnlevine.com'" <asrg@johnlevine.com>,
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] More 'pay per' foolishness
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I'm not thinking about counting packets outside of any counting that isn't
already being done. I'm talking about refinements.

It wouldn't be terribly hard to generate an accounting record like a
star(/stop in RADIUS for mail traffic.

I don't think it would be terribly hard to then do a lookup in, say, an ss7
database to check if the service limit had been reached and then to start
the overage counter. 

Telcos/carriers/nsp/isp already do this. With IP.

The only way to then value the traffic and scale the product is to count
inter-carrier packets - which is already done for settlement peering in
voice and data/net application.

Convergence can be a wonderful thing if you open your mind and believe the
possibilities are within reach.


-M





-M


---
Martin Hannigan
hannigan@verisign.com
Verisign, Inc.


-----Original Message-----
From: John Levine <asrg@johnlevine.com>
To: asrg@ietf.org <asrg@ietf.org>
CC: Hannigan, Martin <hannigan@verisign.com>
Sent: Thu Dec 30 09:53:51 2004
Subject: Re: [Asrg] More 'pay per' foolishness

>If anyone missed it, I'm not talking about "pay per" I'm talking
>about inter-carrier bit billing broken out by protocol (SMTP) that
>causes providers to know exactly what their SMTP costs are and they
>can react accordingly with rate plans that accomodate hamburgers,
>double cheesburgers, and Big Mac's with fries.

But counting the port 25 packets is only related in the most vague
sense to actual e-mail costs.  I don't know anyone (other than vendors
who want to be the gatekeeper) who thinks there's any merit in
charging for mail that isn't spam, and I don't know very many who
think there's any merit in charging for e-mail in general other than
as an indirect way to stop spam.

If you're going to count the port 25 packets, it seems to me that a
much cheaper and equally effective approach would be to forget about
money and let networks set hourly or daily ingress quotas for their
peers.  If someone on network A sends a huge blast of spam to network
B, they'll hit their daily limit at 12:05 AM, and no more mail over
that path until tomorrow.  Then network A has to deal with the
complaints from its own users that their mail is falling on the floor.

Regards,
John Levine, johnl@taugh.com, Taughannock Networks, Trumansburg NY
http://www.taugh.com



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From asrg-bounces@ietf.org  Thu Dec 30 16:11:14 2004
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I found this interesting:

http://www.news10.net/storyfull1.asp?id=8871


Except that this is where the botnets come into play. Maybe we do
lead the world as the source of origination and termination, but not 
as the actual spammers. Most botnets are controlled outside the 
country and the payments to the botnet owners are occuring outside the 
country. 

Botnets basically "akamaize" the spam since they are close to the
destinations.


-M<







--
Martin Hannigan                         (c) 617-388-2663
VeriSign, Inc.                          (w) 703-948-7018
Network Engineer IV                       Operations & Infrastructure
hannigan@verisign.com


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From asrg-bounces@ietf.org  Thu Dec 30 16:38:32 2004
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From: "Hannigan, Martin" <hannigan@verisign.com>
To: "'James Lick'" <jlick@drivel.com>, asrg@ietf.org
Subject: RE: [Asrg] Spam, defined, and permissions
Date: Thu, 30 Dec 2004 16:27:49 -0500
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> -----Original Message-----
> From: asrg-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:asrg-bounces@ietf.org]On Behalf Of
> James Lick
> Sent: Thursday, December 30, 2004 3:38 AM
> To: asrg@ietf.org
> Subject: Re: [Asrg] Spam, defined, and permissions
> 
> 
> 
> gep2@terabites.com wrote:
> 
> > If you have 50 million zombies recruited, you can send a 
> billion spam
> > E-mails daily by sending 20 E-mails per day per zombie.
> >
> >  
> >
> 
> The figures I've heard are that there are somewhere around 5 million 
> zombie hosts out there, and any one group has at most 500,000 
> hosts they 
> control.  That's still a lot, but an order of magnitude or two below 
> your scenario.


I'm skeptical of that large number. The numbers I've seen are around
100K (very large).

The miscreants can "link them all" but there's no incentive. Remember,
the incentive is $$$. They don't want to share. Plus they need non RBL
hosts to bounce off of. This helps keep the list low, but very fluent.


> 
> > ALL worms and viruses are at their MOST prolific and MOST dangerous 
> > before they are recognized by ANY antivirus software.
> >
> >  
> >
> 
> If most of them have to go through an authorized ISP's server that 
> limits each machine to a certain number of emails, then viruses will 
> become much less capable of spreading.  In addition, it is easier to 

I wholeheartedly agreed which is where part of my thought process
kicks in regarding my method.


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On December 30, 2004 at 17:53 asrg@johnlevine.com (John Levine) wrote:
 > But counting the port 25 packets is only related in the most vague
 > sense to actual e-mail costs.  I don't know anyone (other than vendors
 > who want to be the gatekeeper) who thinks there's any merit in
 > charging for mail that isn't spam, and I don't know very many who
 > think there's any merit in charging for e-mail in general other than
 > as an indirect way to stop spam.

I do. I think spam, as we usually use the term (shady crap) is just
the harbinger of an ever-growing wave of email which will be from
people/orgs who will resist any spam label.

This would include charities, political campaigns, the govt, religious
and other nuts of the more popular variety, not to mention
multi-billion dollar corps who can claim some sort of "legitimate
business" relationship with you because you once had a credit card w/
them or a bank they acquired or bought something at one of their
stores, etc etc etc.

I think it's pure pollyanna-ism to believe that all we have to do is
discourage those evil people and everyone else will behave reasonably.

In fact, I'll say that if we ever did manage to stop The Evil Ones
(tm) then all those others will rush in to fill the void, in a new
york minute. We'd have opened the door for them by unburdening the
average user's mailbox with most crap (except theirs.)

To anticipate the obvious question, why hasn't this happened yet?:

Well, I think to some extent it has happened, or is happening.

But two factors are:

a) As unbelievable as it is, I have good reason to believe that most
of those sorts haven't "gotten" the e-mail thing yet, not by a long
shot. In particular mass e-mailing.

b) I think some threshold has to be breached for their marketeers to
say "ok, spam isn't just for breakfast any more, let's go for it!"

That is, something will breach its very negative connotation.

Probably someone like Wal-Mart just saying ``oh the hell with it I'm
sure our 200+M customers would LOVE To hear from us a few times a day
just go for it''. And if someone like that starts, and another, and a
few more, well, it won't be pretty.

And don't kid yourself, when they decide the day has come they'll have
some strategy to make sure they're not treated like spammers like
lawsuits against anti-spam companies or isp's who filter them etc.

 > If you're going to count the port 25 packets, it seems to me that a
 > much cheaper and equally effective approach would be to forget about
 > money and let networks set hourly or daily ingress quotas for their
 > peers.  If someone on network A sends a huge blast of spam to network
 > B, they'll hit their daily limit at 12:05 AM, and no more mail over
 > that path until tomorrow.  Then network A has to deal with the
 > complaints from its own users that their mail is falling on the floor.

Ya ever hear the story about King Cnut? He marched to the shore, held
out his hand, and commanded the tide not to come in.

No economics, no go.

The economics right now go the other way, let 'em do what they want so
long as they send in their $20 and let the PR dept sort out any
damage.

That's what has to be changed.

Of course, if one takes a purely populist view, sure, everything
would be free...how hard is that to sell?

         Chorus:
         Oh the buzzin' of the bees
         In the cigarette trees
         Near the soda water fountain
         At the lemonade springs
         Where the bluebird sings
         On the big rock candy mountain

         There's a lake of gin
         We can both jump in
         And the handouts grow on bushes
         In the new-mown hay
         We can sleep all day
         And the bars all have free lunches
         Where the mail train stops
         And there ain't no cops
         And the folks are tender-hearted
         Where you never change your socks
         And you never throw rocks
         And your hair is never parted...

etc.

-- 
        -Barry Shein

Software Tool & Die    | bzs@TheWorld.com           | http://www.TheWorld.com
Purveyors to the Trade | Voice: 617-739-0202        | Login: 617-739-WRLD
The World              | Public Access Internet     | Since 1989     *oo*

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I'm not sure how my thoughts earlier this/last week turned into
"pay per", but let me try one last annoying time to clarify.

End User (Ease of Use)

The end user sees no change in the operation of email services
on the Internet. They do see a chance in the service offering 
where they are now allowed to send and receive X number of emails
per month based on the service plan that they have subscribed to
with their provider.

The Provider (Email)

The provider email operations establishes a real cost based on 
the fractional sampling of settlement(IP)data they use to determine
payables or receivables on their peering contracts. They take this
cost, apply it to their product, and determine what the value of 
email is and apply it in the form of "the cap". 

The Provider (Billing)

A chance to the mail receipt and delivery mechanism must be made in
order to generate an acceptable accounting record so that a fair
determinatioin can be made when a user is in overage, and, what the
amount the user will owe. The mechanism for determination is up to 
the provider i.e. counts in SS7 reachable databases, CA dips, or
whatever mechanism is cost effective for them. 

The Provider (Network)

Provider will have to extrapolate the cost of SMTP traffic vs. other
traffic from their peering data. The cost is then in turn broken out
by customer. In the case of 'always connected' customers, they too are
alloted a specific amount of SMTP b/w and are charged for overage based
on normal usage patterns i.e. 95th percentile, etc. This is doable today.

The Spammer (Inclusive)

The spammer is now just an end user and they too will pay. Since they 
don't spam from their own connections, it has little impact on the,m.

The End User (cost)

End users incurs no additional cost unless they violate their
plan. In the case of "stolen" SMTP traffic, the end user pays
since  they didn't "do the right thing".

Rational: Does anyone mount a dialup line on the outside of their
          home and label it "DIALUP LINE"

          Does anyone leave their cell phone in a bar with a label that
          says "USE ME" on it?

If your kids pickup the phone and start calling 900 numbers, who's fault
is that? The telco? The CLEC? The government?
	

The End Result

Spammers incentive is rapidly decreased. It now becomes a hard job.
This drives up rental costs. This discourages some. The costs rise
as time goes on until the spammers start collapsing and "going out
of business" [ Remember, the spammers are now NOT the originator, 
someone else gets paid to do the spamming ]

Best case, the spammers return to their old methods of using their own
hosts and trying to find places to run them. Fine, but they are paying
or  driving up the ISP's cost and they are charged accordingly. It is
un-profitable.

The spammer dies a painful and noisy death, deprived of the income he was
once enjoying due to reversal of SPAM economics and the SPAM sponsors
(botnet
customers) have little recourse. 

The Big Picture

We can then move on to signing emails, authentication, etc. things that
are very important but because SPAM destroys all hope for the future of 
email, are not taken as a priority by the majority.

SPAM EcoNomIc Model "SPAMEMIM" (Like "Eminem")

  NSP       -- LAYER 4  IMPORTANT
  ISP       -- LAYER 3  
  SPAMMER   -- LAYER 2
  ENDUSER   -- LAYER 1  LESS IMPORTANT

At layer 3 and 4, economic attack. 
At layer 3 and 1, technology attack.

Relationship Matrix

Layer 3 and 4
Layer 3 and 1

There's never a relationship top Layer 2 i.e. noone spends
time on "getting" the spammer, the efforts are focusing on 
fixing the user.



-M<










--
Martin Hannigan                         (c) 617-388-2663
VeriSign, Inc.                          (w) 703-948-7018
Network Engineer IV                       Operations & Infrastructure
hannigan@verisign.com


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From asrg-bounces@ietf.org  Thu Dec 30 18:59:53 2004
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] More 'pay per' foolishness
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It is unfair that a few network abusers consume much of the bandwidth.  
But we want profitable use of the network.  Those that use an obscene 
excess of our shared resources should pay.

My comments are more of the philosophical side, on how should spam be 
paid for in a free market.

I block IP addresses after just one spam.  I block groups of 256 IP 
addresses with 3 or more offending IP addresses.

I punish them to protect my systems from overload.  But it they would 
pay me, I be happy to unblock them.

It would be good, in principle, for those who used an excesses of our 
resources would pay those using less than their share. In the spirit of 
commercial television, the advertisers could pay for the whole system

We all have the power to block or unblock, but there is no standard for 
payment for unblocking.

Many advertisers now balking at email advertising may use it if they 
could be assured they will not be blocked or sued.  There is a social 
cost to spam, our time, our computing resources and networks.  
Advertising on the Internet saves money and resources.  An added cost of 
a penny for an add the recipient actually received, for example, would 
still be a small fraction of printing and postage costs.

What does it cost?  The only reasonable choice is free market value.  I 
am currently blocking over four million IP addresses from reaching about 
400 real email accounts.   I have no choice really, except to upgrade my 
email server.  If I were to open the flood gates, my server will become 
overloaded by spam filters and crash.  Everyone we get to this point if 
spam continues to grow exponentially.

I doubt many of the IP addresses I block are legitimately following the 
can spam requirements and should be blocked.  But some of them, and many 
other businesses wanting to reach our users pay to get theory message 
across.  To make the system scalable they must pay for the resources 
they utilize.

I could handle about four times as much email with about a $500 per 
month upgrade.  That come out to about 3/10 of a cent per added email.  
Your millage may vary, but unless these economics are provided for the 
system will fail.  Scalable economics will promote growth and 
stability.  We all have the power to block and unblock, and do so 
profitable for advertisers and networks collaboratively.  There should 
be a standard, but it will be the marketplace that decides ultimately.  
Some system like this must emerge so that our networks can sustain growth.

Jim



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Barry Shein <bzs@world.std.com> wrote:
> On December 21, 2004 at 20:05 sethb@panix.com (Seth Breidbart) wrote:
> > Barry Shein <bzs@world.std.com> top-posted:
> > 
> > > So what you're saying is that anyone with a broadband connection
> > > should be prevented from delivering email directly.
> > 
> > Actually, he wrote that ISPs should indicate which IP addresses are in
> > use by customers, and which by mailservers.  It's up to anybody else
> > to use that information as they choose; it isn't a Port 25 block.
>
> You're just detailing that distinction to us because you think it
> makes you look intelligent? I don't understand why you bother.

No, I'm specifying the distinction because blocking Port 25 is
objected to, for what can be considered good reason.  (The customer
says he paid for Internet access, not blocked Internet access.)

> > Many disagree with blocking Port 25.  I haven't seen anyone disagree
> > with the providing of accurate information.
>
> Are you trying to be helpful, or do you just like to type?

The former.  And you?

Seth

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	Shein on Tue, 21 Dec 2004 21:23:56 -0500)
Subject: Re: [Asrg] SICS
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Barry Shein <bzs@world.std.com> top-posted:

> So you're saying panix doesn't block any, e.g., broadband IP pools or
> similar, at a system level?

As far as I know, yes.  It's a user option.

> Do you work at panix or otherwise have authoritative info on this?

No, I just have the information they provided all their users when
they created that option.  But I know I get email from IPs that are on
various blocklists, because I see that in the logs (spamassassin
reports which blocklists).

Seth

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From asrg-bounces@ietf.org  Thu Dec 30 22:37:31 2004
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To: Seth Breidbart <sethb@panix.com>
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I'm sorry, this repartee' has exceeded its shelf expiration date.

    -b

On December 30, 2004 at 21:54 sethb@panix.com (Seth Breidbart) wrote:
 > Barry Shein <bzs@world.std.com> wrote:
 > > On December 21, 2004 at 20:05 sethb@panix.com (Seth Breidbart) wrote:
 > > > Barry Shein <bzs@world.std.com> top-posted:
 > > > 
 > > > > So what you're saying is that anyone with a broadband connection
 > > > > should be prevented from delivering email directly.
 > > > 
 > > > Actually, he wrote that ISPs should indicate which IP addresses are in
 > > > use by customers, and which by mailservers.  It's up to anybody else
 > > > to use that information as they choose; it isn't a Port 25 block.
 > >
 > > You're just detailing that distinction to us because you think it
 > > makes you look intelligent? I don't understand why you bother.
 > 
 > No, I'm specifying the distinction because blocking Port 25 is
 > objected to, for what can be considered good reason.  (The customer
 > says he paid for Internet access, not blocked Internet access.)
 > 
 > > > Many disagree with blocking Port 25.  I haven't seen anyone disagree
 > > > with the providing of accurate information.
 > >
 > > Are you trying to be helpful, or do you just like to type?
 > 
 > The former.  And you?
 > 
 > Seth
 > 
 > _______________________________________________
 > Asrg mailing list
 > Asrg@ietf.org
 > https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg

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From: Laird Breyer <laird@lbreyer.com>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Why are we still here?
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On Dec 30 2004, Peter Kay wrote:
>  
> 1. The vendor claims are false.  In the real world, you still get lots of
> undesireable email.

This is true. Vendor claims generally mean nothing and tend to be
misleading to sell their wares. There are many issues, such as:

1) Nobody verifies a vendor's claims except anecdotally, because it's too
much work or needs large resources. So you get junk like this instead:

http://www.zdnet.com.au/insight/software/0,39023769,39172027,00.htm

If you read the damn thing, you find that the filters weren't tested, but
rather the reviewers felt it was a priori reasonable to give them all 
comparable good performance marks.

2) A consistent testing methodology that can be applied to several products
of different types does not exist. 

3) Any test represents a point estimate at some point in time and at some
point in the network. This is quickly outdated as spammers evolve fast
(not that fast, but in a matter of months). 

4) There are billions of spam mails circulating each day, how does one
generalize from a test involving a few thousand mails in a lab?

5) Nobody agrees on just what spam is, making 1-4 above irrelevant to some.


> 2. The vendor claims are true, but we're a bunch of perfectionists searching
> for infinite resolution of Pi.

Some of us are perfectionists ;-) However, I think the main issue is that
the spam umbrella contains a large number of different subproblems for 
different people, and solving one subproblem doesn't solve them all.

There's also no static spam problem, it evolves. So a formerly successful
solution or assumption can become outdated or useless. The virus industry
is a good example. 

> 3. The filtering paradigm is a non-solution due to increased use of
> recipient resources (bandwith, storage, processing, end-user time, etc)
>  

I think that's true and false. It is a solution for end-users with
personal computers and fat enough pipes to get the input. 
It is only an ingredient for middle-men or providers. 

I also think that the vast majority of users world wide don't have
effective filtering set up, even though a small subset of power users
already use systems which can filter everything out that you throw at
it. So some people don't actually have a spam problem any more, but 
they are in the minority.

> I'm jaded here because I just don't get any spam at all. To me, this group
> is firmly stuck in #2.  But I'd love to hear everyone's feedback/experience
> on "Why are we still here?"

I'm firmly a proponent of Bayesian end-user filtering. I view the
user problem as an information overload problem, which will only grow over
time. This overload will exist even if spam (ie unsolicited bulk mail
using stolen resources) was reduced to irrelevance. 

For example, postal services allow bulk mail for an appropriate fee,
so there's no spamming in the postal system as such. But it's still a
disgusting practice from my point of view, as I have to accept, sift
and throw away legitimate, paid for garbage in shrill colours and big
lettering. 

But rather than bore everyone with one sided arguments, I'm here to
learn more about the non-filtering aspects and help criticise them.



-- 
Laird Breyer.

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Hannigan, Martin wrote:

>End User (Ease of Use)
>
>The end user sees no change in the operation of email services
>on the Internet. They do see a chance in the service offering=20
>where they are now allowed to send and receive X number of emails
>per month based on the service plan that they have subscribed to
>with their provider.
>
> =20
>

I think your plan has potential, but once you have a cap in place you=20
can just make that a hard limit and don't have the charge anything at=20
all.   If the cap is generous enough to cover even a power user's=20
legitimate email volume, the end user should never even be aware of it=20
unless they get 0wn3d.  At that point cutting off their outgoing email=20
until they clean up, while annoying, is much more palatable than getting=20
surprised with a fat bill at the end of the month.  You also risk=20
annoying consumer protection agencies and government officials by=20
charging consumers for fraudulent activity.  (Note that in the US=20
consumers don't need to pay more than $50 in fraudulent credit card=20
charges unless the credit card company can prove the credit card holder=20
was negligent.)  In summary, I still don't see what benefit the overage=20
charges have over just making it a hard limit.

--=20
James Lick -- =E9=BB=8E=E5=BB=BA=E6=BA=A5 -- jlick@jameslick.com -- http:=
//jameslick.com/

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Date: Fri, 31 Dec 2004 14:05:11 +0800
From: James Lick <jlick@drivel.com>
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To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] More 'pay per' foolishness
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	<20041230175351.1049.qmail@xuxa.iecc.com>
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John Levine wrote:

>
>If you're going to count the port 25 packets, it seems to me that a
>much cheaper and equally effective approach would be to forget about
>money and let networks set hourly or daily ingress quotas for their
>peers.  If someone on network A sends a huge blast of spam to network
>B, they'll hit their daily limit at 12:05 AM, and no more mail over
>that path until tomorrow.  Then network A has to deal with the
>complaints from its own users that their mail is falling on the floor.
> =20
>

This is similiar to what the Daum company in Korea does.  (They run a=20
popular Korean webmail system.)

It works basically like this:

1) They have a whitelist of known high-volume servers which can send=20
mail without limit.

2) Anyone else can send only a limited amount of mail per day to their=20
servers.

3) A high-volume sender can apply to be whitelisted, or they can pay a=20
certain amount to send mail to their servers.  However, this payment is=20
more like a bond because they also have buttons on the recipient's email=20
for them to vote whether they wanted it or not.  If there is a=20
definitive feedback that the mail is wanted, they will be added to the=20
whitelist instead.  Lots of bad feedback and the sender may be refused=20
anyways.

You can read more about it from a presentation about it:
http://apcauce.mail.daum.net/meeting/meeting_2nd/yonnie.pdf

In the presentation they call it an online stamp system, but most=20
senders don't need to actually pay anything.

Disclaimer: As you will notice from the above URL, Daum's employees are=20
heavily involved in the Asia-Pacific chapter of CAUCE, and they host the=20
APCAUCE web site and mail server.

--=20
James Lick -- =E9=BB=8E=E5=BB=BA=E6=BA=A5 -- jlick@jameslick.com -- http:=
//jameslick.com/

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From: James Lick <jlick@drivel.com>
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To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Why are we still here?
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Peter Kay wrote:

> My question to the group is, if you read all the anti-spam vendors (me=20
> included), they all claim high-9 catch rates and near-zero false=20
> positives.


> 1. The vendor claims are false.  In the real world, you still get lots=20
> of undesireable email.


The vendor claims are only somewhat accurate.  The only low-cost=20
high-accuracy system is challenge-response, but the drawbacks of that=20
system have already been discussed ad nauseum.  The most effective spam=20
filtering systems are able to get somewhere around 95-99% accuracy if=20
the filters are upgraded regularly.  After several months, the accuracy=20
of any filtering system decreases as spammers figure out ways to avoid=20
them.=20

It's very difficult to accurately measure the true false-positive rate=20
for various reasons:

- Most people don't ever look at their Spam folder, and for those with=20
very high spam levels it is impractical to look through it all.  In=20
addition some filters reject a portion of detected spam outright, so=20
there's nothing to review.
- People don't miss or don't care that some legitimate opt-in mails get=20
tossed, and others do care.
- Most senders won't bother to try to re-contact a recipient if the mail=20
is bounced or they never hear back
- If the recipient is told that an email was lost or bounced, it is=20
often difficult to impossible to determine what happened to it.

> 3. The filtering paradigm is a non-solution due to increased use of=20
> recipient resources (bandwith, storage, processing, end-user time, etc)
>

This is the most accurate answer to your question.

The main problem is that the most effective filters are expensive=20
relative to the usually slim margins ISPs make off users.  Even "free"=20
solutions such as SpamAssassin require you to throw large amounts of CPU=20
at it to filter any significant volume of email.  ISPs which do minimal=20
filtering and leave it to the end-user to filter end up paying increased=20
costs for storage, and less satisfied users.  With the exception of=20
DNSBLs, most other filters require the ISP to receive the message to=20
determine if it is spam, so additional bandwidth is needed.  These costs=20
tend to be trivialized by those with their own personal server, but when=20
you have to filter for millions of users, the costs are very significant.

Just to give you an idea, the last two upgrades of my mail server I did=20
were not because my users were intentially using more resources, or that=20
their wanted mail volume increased dramatically, or that I got a large=20
increase in users.  The upgrades were solely because the server could=20
not keep up with the volume of unwanted mail.  I could turn off the=20
filters but then I'd need to add more storage, and my users would yell=20
at me that their e-mail was unusable.  Large ISPs are in the same=20
situation but a few orders of magnitude bigger.

Unfortunately the fact that filtering is effective in stopping the=20
end-user from seeing most spam also makes it hard for the average person=20
to understand the urgency of the problem.  They just see that they=20
"only" see a few spams per day, and not the couple hundred that got=20
filtered out, or the costs of that filtering.

> I'm jaded here because I just don't get any spam at all. To me, this=20
> group is firmly stuck in #2.  But I'd love to hear everyone's=20
> feedback/experience on "Why are we still here?"


Because there's still work to be done, and if we stand still the=20
spammers will figure out how to defeat current technology, and because=20
we don't want to have to keep spending more money on e-mail=20
infrastructure to handle spam.

--=20
James Lick -- =E9=BB=8E=E5=BB=BA=E6=BA=A5 -- jlick@jameslick.com -- http:=
//jameslick.com/

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From: Gadi Evron <ge@linuxbox.org>
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To: "Hannigan, Martin" <hannigan@verisign.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Spam Ecomomics
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> SPAM EcoNomIc Model "SPAMEMIM" (Like "Eminem")
> 
>   NSP       -- LAYER 4  IMPORTANT
>   ISP       -- LAYER 3  
>   SPAMMER   -- LAYER 2
>   ENDUSER   -- LAYER 1  LESS IMPORTANT
> 
> At layer 3 and 4, economic attack. 
> At layer 3 and 1, technology attack.
> 
> Relationship Matrix
> 
> Layer 3 and 4
> Layer 3 and 1
> 
> There's never a relationship top Layer 2 i.e. noone spends
> time on "getting" the spammer, the efforts are focusing on 
> fixing the user.

Hi Martin. I really enjoyed your email. However, if I understood it 
right, you are saying spam costs ISP's and is not beneficial?

 From your own text I'd have concluded the opposite [if I understood you 
right].

Beginning in people paying for bigger tubes, through people paying for 
spam solutions all the way to paying for spam email solutions at the ISP.

	Gadi.

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From: "Hannigan, Martin" <hannigan@verisign.com>
To: "'James Lick'" <jlick@drivel.com>, asrg@ietf.org
Subject: RE: [Asrg] Spam Ecomomics
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> -----Original Message-----
> From: asrg-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:asrg-bounces@ietf.org]On Behalf Of
> James Lick
> Sent: Friday, December 31, 2004 12:52 AM
> To: asrg@ietf.org
> Subject: Re: [Asrg] Spam Ecomomics
> 
> 
> Hannigan, Martin wrote:
> 
> >End User (Ease of Use)
> >
> >The end user sees no change in the operation of email services
> >on the Internet. They do see a chance in the service offering 
> >where they are now allowed to send and receive X number of emails
> >per month based on the service plan that they have subscribed to
> >with their provider.
> >
> >  
> >
> 
> I think your plan has potential, but once you have a cap in place you 
> can just make that a hard limit and don't have the charge anything at 
> all.   If the cap is generous enough to cover even a power user's 
> legitimate email volume, the end user should never even be 
> aware of it 
> unless they get 0wn3d.  At that point cutting off their 
> outgoing email 

A ceiling is certainly possible. Probably likely. The power
users can buy the next level of service if they like. 

> until they clean up, while annoying, is much more palatable 
> than getting 
> surprised with a fat bill at the end of the month.  You also risk 
> annoying consumer protection agencies and government officials by 
> charging consumers for fraudulent activity.  (Note that in the US 
> consumers don't need to pay more than $50 in fraudulent credit card 
> charges unless the credit card company can prove the credit 
> card holder 
> was negligent.)  In summary, I still don't see what benefit 
> the overage 
> charges have over just making it a hard limit.

Good point. Hard limit is doable and realistic. Hypothesizing, I'd say
that if you get blown out by being owned, you can buy a block or
something. Dunno. There's probably an easy "product manager" like
solution somewhere. Thanks.

-M<

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From: "Hannigan, Martin" <hannigan@verisign.com>
To: "'James Lick'" <jlick@drivel.com>, asrg@ietf.org
Subject: RE: [Asrg] More 'pay per' foolishness
Date: Fri, 31 Dec 2004 09:17:01 -0500
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Just a quick update.

I just heard from my friends at $large_telco.

Peering analysis is broken out by protocol already and could
easily be billed accordingly. Currently, this data is used for
capacity planning.


Cheers,

-M<



--
Martin Hannigan                         (c) 617-388-2663
VeriSign, Inc.                          (w) 703-948-7018
Network Engineer IV                       Operations & Infrastructure
hannigan@verisign.com



> -----Original Message-----
> From: asrg-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:asrg-bounces@ietf.org]On Behalf =
Of
> James Lick
> Sent: Friday, December 31, 2004 1:05 AM
> To: asrg@ietf.org
> Subject: Re: [Asrg] More 'pay per' foolishness
>=20
>=20
> John Levine wrote:
>=20
> >
> >If you're going to count the port 25 packets, it seems to me that a
> >much cheaper and equally effective approach would be to forget about
> >money and let networks set hourly or daily ingress quotas for their
> >peers.  If someone on network A sends a huge blast of spam to =
network
> >B, they'll hit their daily limit at 12:05 AM, and no more mail over
> >that path until tomorrow.  Then network A has to deal with the
> >complaints from its own users that their mail is falling on=20
> the floor.
> > =20
> >
>=20
> This is similiar to what the Daum company in Korea does.  (They run a =

> popular Korean webmail system.)
>=20
> It works basically like this:
>=20
> 1) They have a whitelist of known high-volume servers which can send=20
> mail without limit.
>=20
> 2) Anyone else can send only a limited amount of mail per day=20
> to their=20
> servers.
>=20
> 3) A high-volume sender can apply to be whitelisted, or they=20
> can pay a=20
> certain amount to send mail to their servers.  However, this=20
> payment is=20
> more like a bond because they also have buttons on the=20
> recipient's email=20
> for them to vote whether they wanted it or not.  If there is a=20
> definitive feedback that the mail is wanted, they will be=20
> added to the=20
> whitelist instead.  Lots of bad feedback and the sender may=20
> be refused=20
> anyways.
>=20
> You can read more about it from a presentation about it:
> http://apcauce.mail.daum.net/meeting/meeting_2nd/yonnie.pdf
>=20
> In the presentation they call it an online stamp system, but most=20
> senders don't need to actually pay anything.
>=20
> Disclaimer: As you will notice from the above URL, Daum's=20
> employees are=20
> heavily involved in the Asia-Pacific chapter of CAUCE, and=20
> they host the=20
> APCAUCE web site and mail server.
>=20
> --=20
> James Lick -- =E9=BB=8E=E5=BB=BA=E6=BA=A5 -- jlick@jameslick.com -- =
http://jameslick.com/
>=20
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg
>=20

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From: "Hannigan, Martin" <hannigan@verisign.com>
To: "'Gadi Evron'" <ge@linuxbox.org>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] Spam Ecomomics
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> -----Original Message-----
> From: Gadi Evron [mailto:ge@linuxbox.org]
> Sent: Friday, December 31, 2004 2:19 AM
> To: Hannigan, Martin
> Cc: asrg@ietf.org
> Subject: Re: [Asrg] Spam Ecomomics
> 
> 
> > SPAM EcoNomIc Model "SPAMEMIM" (Like "Eminem")
> > 
> >   NSP       -- LAYER 4  IMPORTANT
> >   ISP       -- LAYER 3  
> >   SPAMMER   -- LAYER 2
> >   ENDUSER   -- LAYER 1  LESS IMPORTANT
> > 
> > At layer 3 and 4, economic attack. 
> > At layer 3 and 1, technology attack.
> > 
> > Relationship Matrix
> > 
> > Layer 3 and 4
> > Layer 3 and 1
> > 
> > There's never a relationship top Layer 2 i.e. noone spends
> > time on "getting" the spammer, the efforts are focusing on 
> > fixing the user.
> 
> Hi Martin. I really enjoyed your email. However, if I understood it 
> right, you are saying spam costs ISP's and is not beneficial?


>  From your own text I'd have concluded the opposite [if I 
> understood you 
> right].
> 
> Beginning in people paying for bigger tubes, through people 
> paying for 
> spam solutions all the way to paying for spam email solutions 
> at the ISP.


Gadi, I'm having trouble understanding what you mean. Can you elaborate
a bit further?

Let me try what I did get.

Spam does not cost at the higher levels i.e. peering. It costs in transit
fees. Large entity peering == settlement free. transit == $.

Thanks!

-M<

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From asrg-bounces@ietf.org  Fri Dec 31 09:55:04 2004
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From: John Levine <asrg@johnlevine.com>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] More 'pay per' foolishness
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>Peering analysis is broken out by protocol already and could easily
>be billed accordingly. Currently, this data is used for capacity
>planning.

That's nice.  Could you ask them, if they got port 25 traffic bills
from all of their peers, how likely is it that they'd pay, are they
prepared to break those bills down and send individual bills to all of
their customers, and what are the procedures for dealing with
customers that don't pay them?

Metered Internet traffic has been the telcos' wet dream for a decade,
but there is a whole lot of difference between counting backbone
packets, which I believe they do, and an actual top to bottom billing
system.  That's the multibillion dollar thing to which Phill referred
that doesn't exist.  Yes, I know they're set up to bill voice minutes
to phone customers, but ISP customers are not phone customers.

Regards,
John Levine, johnl@iecc.com, Primary Perpetrator of "The Internet for Dummies",
Information Superhighwayman wanna-be, http://www.johnlevine.com, Mayor
"I shook hands with Senators Dole and Inouye," said Tom, disarmingly.



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From: John Levine <asrg@johnlevine.com>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Spam Ecomomics
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>Spam does not cost at the higher levels i.e. peering. It costs in transit
>fees. Large entity peering == settlement free. transit == $.

I believe that even with 90% spam, the number of backbone bits used
for email is less than that used for web pages or for file sharing.

The costs of spam are out at the edges, mail servers and customer
support.


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From: "Hannigan, Martin" <hannigan@verisign.com>
To: "'John Levine'" <asrg@johnlevine.com>, asrg@ietf.org
Subject: RE: [Asrg] More 'pay per' foolishness
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> -----Original Message-----
> From: John Levine [mailto:asrg@johnlevine.com]
> Sent: Friday, December 31, 2004 9:50 AM
> To: asrg@ietf.org
> Cc: Hannigan, Martin
> Subject: Re: [Asrg] More 'pay per' foolishness
> 
> 
> >Peering analysis is broken out by protocol already and could easily
> >be billed accordingly. Currently, this data is used for capacity
> >planning.
> 
> That's nice.  Could you ask them, if they got port 25 traffic bills
> from all of their peers, how likely is it that they'd pay, are they
> prepared to break those bills down and send individual bills to all of
> their customers, and what are the procedures for dealing with
> customers that don't pay them?

John - I'm saying that the capabilities are in place. Do you 
understand how peering between large network entities works? 

I've classified this as "an idea". If it was already "in place" it
would be "fact". But to answer your question, companies call people
and ask for their money all the time. What makes this different?

> Metered Internet traffic has been the telcos' wet dream for a decade,
> but there is a whole lot of difference between counting backbone
> packets, which I believe they do, and an actual top to bottom billing
> system.  That's the multibillion dollar thing to which Phill referred
> that doesn't exist.  Yes, I know they're set up to bill voice minutes
> to phone customers, but ISP customers are not phone customers.


Isn't SPAM a multi-billion dollar thing? 

I'm starting to feel like 'Joey Bits' the Net.Capo is going to toss me in a
trunk and explain to me that if I don't agree with the end user
solution(s) I'm going into the Charles without a wetsuit. The horror!

-M<

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From asrg-bounces@ietf.org  Fri Dec 31 10:24:04 2004
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Why are we still here?
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3 dominates for me
Tom Petch

----- Original Message -----
From: "Peter Kay" <peter@titankey.com>
To: <asrg@ietf.org>
Sent: Thursday, December 30, 2004 6:12 PM
Subject: [Asrg] Why are we still here?


> I've been a part of this list for some time now, in mostly lurking
fashion.
> My question to the group is, if you read all the anti-spam vendors (me
> included), they all claim high-9 catch rates and near-zero false
positives.
> If this is the case, why are we still here trying to eliminate spam
when one
> would think that, if the claims are true, the spam problem has been
solved?
> I can only think of one of three reasons:
>
> 1. The vendor claims are false.  In the real world, you still get lots
of
> undesireable email.
> 2. The vendor claims are true, but we're a bunch of perfectionists
searching
> for infinite resolution of Pi.
> 3. The filtering paradigm is a non-solution due to increased use of
> recipient resources (bandwith, storage, processing, end-user time,
etc)
>




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From asrg-bounces@ietf.org  Fri Dec 31 10:28:45 2004
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From: Gadi Evron <ge@linuxbox.org>
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> I believe that even with 90% spam, the number of backbone bits used
> for email is less than that used for web pages or for file sharing.
> 
> The costs of spam are out at the edges, mail servers and customer
> support.

It is obvious HTTP would win, and P2P would be a good rival, but email 
is not far behind. Statistics change between different service 
providers, but when you need 30% more bandwidth because of spam, it's 
still a cost.

Thing is, who makes money from these 30% being provided? Answer is, 
everyone but the lowest in the chain of consumers.

	Gadi.

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From asrg-bounces@ietf.org  Fri Dec 31 10:40:47 2004
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> Gadi, I'm having trouble understanding what you mean. Can you elaborate
> a bit further?
> 
> Let me try what I did get.
> 
> Spam does not cost at the higher levels i.e. peering. It costs in transit
> fees. Large entity peering == settlement free. transit == $.

In this email I count viruses as spam as well.

It's on every level.

The tier 1 providers sell bigger tubes, so do the smaller providers.

Providers get money from users for SPAM filtering their email account, 
and in some cases even for an end-user solution they market.

I am sure there are losses, but saying there are no gains is simply false.

There are exceptions to this, like in everything else. For example, 
although this model would also fit Israel, here providers usually pay by 
the bit (I believe - I could be wrong) while their customers pay for the 
line itself, regardless of usage.

	Gadi.

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So what are we saying? Systemic destruction of spam is not necessary? 


---
Martin Hannigan
hannigan@verisign.com
Verisign, Inc.


-----Original Message-----
From: asrg-bounces@ietf.org <asrg-bounces@ietf.org>
To: John Levine <asrg@johnlevine.com>
CC: asrg@ietf.org <asrg@ietf.org>
Sent: Fri Dec 31 07:30:42 2004
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Spam Ecomomics

> I believe that even with 90% spam, the number of backbone bits used
> for email is less than that used for web pages or for file sharing.
> 
> The costs of spam are out at the edges, mail servers and customer
> support.

It is obvious HTTP would win, and P2P would be a good rival, but email 
is not far behind. Statistics change between different service 
providers, but when you need 30% more bandwidth because of spam, it's 
still a cost.

Thing is, who makes money from these 30% being provided? Answer is, 
everyone but the lowest in the chain of consumers.

	Gadi.

_______________________________________________
Asrg mailing list
Asrg@ietf.org
https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg

_______________________________________________
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https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg


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Gadi Evron <ge@linuxbox.org> wrote:

> It is obvious HTTP would win, and P2P would be a good rival, but
> email is not far behind. Statistics change between different service
> providers, but when you need 30% more bandwidth because of spam,
> it's still a cost.
>
> Thing is, who makes money from these 30% being provided? Answer is,
> everyone but the lowest in the chain of consumers.

Only if the costs are passed on down.  If they can't be (which seems
to be the case now) then whoever eats them loses.  That's more likely
to be the ISPs.

Seth

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Hannigan, Martin wrote:
> 
> So what are we saying? Systemic destruction of spam is not necessary? 

No. It simply says that spam is not the biggest bandwidth bogger - by 
itself. With viruses and spyware I'd put money on it.

	Gadi.

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From asrg-bounces@ietf.org  Fri Dec 31 11:13:13 2004
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To: "'sethb@panix.com'" <sethb@panix.com>, "'asrg@ietf.org'" <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Spam Ecomomics
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Yes. Based on how bit traffic is moved regardless of who moves it, once it's
off the backbone, its a loss leader, right in front of nntp.

-M


---
Martin Hannigan
hannigan@verisign.com
Verisign, Inc.


-----Original Message-----
From: asrg-bounces@ietf.org <asrg-bounces@ietf.org>
To: asrg@ietf.org <asrg@ietf.org>
Sent: Fri Dec 31 07:37:10 2004
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Spam Ecomomics

Gadi Evron <ge@linuxbox.org> wrote:

> It is obvious HTTP would win, and P2P would be a good rival, but
> email is not far behind. Statistics change between different service
> providers, but when you need 30% more bandwidth because of spam,
> it's still a cost.
>
> Thing is, who makes money from these 30% being provided? Answer is,
> everyone but the lowest in the chain of consumers.

Only if the costs are passed on down.  If they can't be (which seems
to be the case now) then whoever eats them loses.  That's more likely
to be the ISPs.

Seth

_______________________________________________
Asrg mailing list
Asrg@ietf.org
https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg

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From asrg-bounces@ietf.org  Fri Dec 31 11:14:22 2004
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Spam Ecomomics
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If they are moving over port 25, its smtp traffic by design. Is is safe to
classify this traffic as "spam" by its nature? 


-M



---
Martin Hannigan
hannigan@verisign.com
Verisign, Inc.


-----Original Message-----
From: Gadi Evron <ge@linuxbox.org>
To: Hannigan, Martin <hannigan@verisign.com>
CC: asrg@johnlevine.com <asrg@johnlevine.com>; asrg@ietf.org <asrg@ietf.org>
Sent: Fri Dec 31 07:59:48 2004
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Spam Ecomomics

Hannigan, Martin wrote:
> 
> So what are we saying? Systemic destruction of spam is not necessary? 

No. It simply says that spam is not the biggest bandwidth bogger - by 
itself. With viruses and spyware I'd put money on it.

	Gadi.

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Hannigan, Martin wrote:
> If they are moving over port 25, its smtp traffic by design. Is is safe to
> classify this traffic as "spam" by its nature? 

Your point? I'm afraid we must not understand each other.

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Date: Fri, 31 Dec 2004 11:16:01 -0500
From: Jim Whitescarver <jim@xanthus.net>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Spam Ecomomics - WHITELISTING FEES.
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While I agree with the economics presented here generally.  I believe we 
can go one step further and only inflict payments for those that want to 
pay for insurance they will not be blacklisted.

The worse the spam crises becomes, the more valuable whitelisting is.  
In effect, advertisers are paying for the delivery costs so that they 
will not be blocked.

If for example, any of the over 4 million IP addresses I am now blocking 
would pay a tenth of a cent for each email, I would be happy to unblock 
them.  All that is missing is a standard for them to discover what 
payment I will accept, and how to make payment.

This fully decentralizes the process down to the individual email 
server.  It requires setting not standards for what is spam or how many 
email anyone can send or receive.  It lets each provider set their own 
standards.

Providers can restrict emailing activities of their users and pay not 
whitelisting fees, or they can pay for whitelisting.

While every advertiser paying every server could become rather huge, it 
is more likely SMTP relays would pay servers on behalf of all the 
advertisers they provide SMTP servise for.  In any case the transaction 
volume would be small compared to the spam traffic.

It is the end user is who is ultimately important, and the end user can 
filter or block anything they wish.  The end user should also be allowed 
to charge for whitelisting advertisers, independently from their email 
server and network server whitelists.  I expect many advertisers would 
be willing to pay the end user as well, if they could be reasonably 
assured the email is actually received.  Free internet could be a 
reality for those willing to accept targeted free advertising in a free 
and open global market.

My spam policy, "Spam me once, sham on you, spam me twice shame on me.", 
is a hard line against spam, not by choice, but by necessity.  With a 
whitelist payment standard advertisers have a choice, they can be 
blocked, or they can pay. Currently, the spam crises means that all 
advertising on the net must suffer because there is no way to pay your 
way.  Advertising should pay the bill for our public networks.  
Whitelisting fee payment standards could provide a means for them to do 
so voluntarily without regulatory restrictions in a free market.

Jim
(i copied my prior thoughts below as supporting material)
Hannigan, Martin wrote:

>I'm not sure how my thoughts earlier this/last week turned into
>"pay per", but let me try one last annoying time to clarify.
>
>End User (Ease of Use)
>
>The end user sees no change in the operation of email services
>on the Internet. They do see a chance in the service offering 
>where they are now allowed to send and receive X number of emails
>per month based on the service plan that they have subscribed to
>with their provider.
>
>The Provider (Email)
>
>The provider email operations establishes a real cost based on 
>the fractional sampling of settlement(IP)data they use to determine
>payables or receivables on their peering contracts. They take this
>cost, apply it to their product, and determine what the value of 
>email is and apply it in the form of "the cap". 
>
>The Provider (Billing)
>
>A chance to the mail receipt and delivery mechanism must be made in
>order to generate an acceptable accounting record so that a fair
>determinatioin can be made when a user is in overage, and, what the
>amount the user will owe. The mechanism for determination is up to 
>the provider i.e. counts in SS7 reachable databases, CA dips, or
>whatever mechanism is cost effective for them. 
>
>The Provider (Network)
>
>Provider will have to extrapolate the cost of SMTP traffic vs. other
>traffic from their peering data. The cost is then in turn broken out
>by customer. In the case of 'always connected' customers, they too are
>alloted a specific amount of SMTP b/w and are charged for overage based
>on normal usage patterns i.e. 95th percentile, etc. This is doable today.
>
>The Spammer (Inclusive)
>
>The spammer is now just an end user and they too will pay. Since they 
>don't spam from their own connections, it has little impact on the,m.
>
>The End User (cost)
>
>End users incurs no additional cost unless they violate their
>plan. In the case of "stolen" SMTP traffic, the end user pays
>since  they didn't "do the right thing".
>
>Rational: Does anyone mount a dialup line on the outside of their
>          home and label it "DIALUP LINE"
>
>          Does anyone leave their cell phone in a bar with a label that
>          says "USE ME" on it?
>
>If your kids pickup the phone and start calling 900 numbers, who's fault
>is that? The telco? The CLEC? The government?
>	
>
>The End Result
>
>Spammers incentive is rapidly decreased. It now becomes a hard job.
>This drives up rental costs. This discourages some. The costs rise
>as time goes on until the spammers start collapsing and "going out
>of business" [ Remember, the spammers are now NOT the originator, 
>someone else gets paid to do the spamming ]
>
>Best case, the spammers return to their old methods of using their own
>hosts and trying to find places to run them. Fine, but they are paying
>or  driving up the ISP's cost and they are charged accordingly. It is
>un-profitable.
>
>The spammer dies a painful and noisy death, deprived of the income he was
>once enjoying due to reversal of SPAM economics and the SPAM sponsors
>(botnet
>customers) have little recourse. 
>
>The Big Picture
>
>We can then move on to signing emails, authentication, etc. things that
>are very important but because SPAM destroys all hope for the future of 
>email, are not taken as a priority by the majority.
>
>SPAM EcoNomIc Model "SPAMEMIM" (Like "Eminem")
>
>  NSP       -- LAYER 4  IMPORTANT
>  ISP       -- LAYER 3  
>  SPAMMER   -- LAYER 2
>  ENDUSER   -- LAYER 1  LESS IMPORTANT
>
>At layer 3 and 4, economic attack. 
>At layer 3 and 1, technology attack.
>
>Relationship Matrix
>
>Layer 3 and 4
>Layer 3 and 1
>
>There's never a relationship top Layer 2 i.e. noone spends
>time on "getting" the spammer, the efforts are focusing on 
>fixing the user.
>
>
>
>-M<
>
>--
>Martin Hannigan                         (c) 617-388-2663
>VeriSign, Inc.                          (w) 703-948-7018
>Network Engineer IV                       Operations & Infrastructure
>hannigan@verisign.com
>
It is unfair that a few network abusers consume much of the bandwidth.  
But we want profitable use of the network.  Those that use an obscene 
excess of our shared resources should pay.

My comments are more of the philosophical and PERSONAL MOTIVATION side, 
on how should spam be paid for in a free market.

I block IP addresses after just one spam.  I block groups of 256 IP 
addresses with 3 or more offending IP addresses.

I punish them to protect my systems from overload.  But it they would 
pay me, I be happy to unblock them.

It would be good, in principle, for those who used an excesses of our 
resources would pay those using less than their share. In the spirit of 
commercial television, the advertisers could pay for the whole system

We all have the power to block or unblock, but there is no standard for 
payment for unblocking.

Many advertisers now balking at email advertising may use it if they 
could be assured they will not be blocked or sued.  There is a social 
cost to spam, our time, our computing resources and networks.  
Advertising on the Internet saves money and resources.  An added cost of 
a penny for an add the recipient actually received, for example, would 
still be a small fraction of printing and postage costs.

What does it cost?  The only reasonable choice is free market value.  I 
am currently blocking over four million IP addresses from reaching about 
400 real email accounts.   I have no choice really, except to upgrade my 
email server.  If I were to open the flood gates, my server will become 
overloaded by spam filters and crash.  Everyone we get to this point if 
spam continues to grow exponentially.

I doubt many of the IP addresses I block are legitimately following the 
can spam requirements and should be blocked.  But some of them, and many 
other businesses wanting to reach our users pay to get theory message 
across.  To make the system scalable they must pay for the resources 
they utilize.

I could handle about four times as much email with about a $500 per 
month upgrade.  That come out to about 3/10 of a cent per added email.  
Your millage may vary, but unless these economics are provided for the 
system will fail.  Scalable economics will promote growth and 
stability.  We all have the power to block and unblock, and do so 
profitable for advertisers and networks collaboratively.  There should 
be a standard, but it will be the marketplace that decides ultimately.  
Some system like this must emerge so that our networks can sustain growth.

Jim


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From asrg-bounces@ietf.org  Fri Dec 31 11:36:23 2004
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Spam Ecomomics
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Sorry - Gadi, possible, but you're doing a good job explaining. I'm only on
my second cup of 4 coffees this morning. 

If a trojan is shipped in a spam, its still classically defined spam.


-M


---
Martin Hannigan
hannigan@verisign.com
Verisign, Inc.


-----Original Message-----
From: Gadi Evron <ge@linuxbox.org>
To: Hannigan, Martin <hannigan@verisign.com>
CC: asrg@ietf.org <asrg@ietf.org>
Sent: Fri Dec 31 08:19:42 2004
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Spam Ecomomics

Hannigan, Martin wrote:
> If they are moving over port 25, its smtp traffic by design. Is is safe to
> classify this traffic as "spam" by its nature? 

Your point? I'm afraid we must not understand each other.

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Hannigan, Martin wrote:
> Sorry - Gadi, possible, but you're doing a good job explaining. I'm only on
> my second cup of 4 coffees this morning. 
> 
> If a trojan is shipped in a spam, its still classically defined spam.

Nahh, martin, it is probably my cold effecting my mind. :)

What I meant by that is, that ther traffic that worms generate on SMTP 
along with spam, would consist of most of the SMTP traffic about. Would 
you disagree?

	Gadi.

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Date: Fri, 31 Dec 2004 11:27:06 -0500
From: Jim Whitescarver <jim@xanthus.net>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Why are we still here?
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Our networks are clogged with spam traffic.
Our servers are overloaded by spam filtering
Spam is increasing exponentially.
Spammers change strategy constantly, what works today, will not work 
tomorrow
What is spam is purely subjective.
Commerce on the net is good not bad.  We are throwing out the baby with 
the bath water.

Perhaps we can filter it well, I have won my war against spam at least 
temporary, but here is a limit on how much we can filter.  I have been 
forced to block over 4 million IP addresses since I cannot handle the load.

Jim
Peter Kay wrote:

> I've been a part of this list for some time now, in mostly lurking 
> fashion. My question to the group is, if you read all the anti-spam 
> vendors (me included), they all claim high-9 catch rates and near-zero 
> false positives. If this is the case, why are we still here trying to 
> eliminate spam when one would think that, if the claims are true, the 
> spam problem has been solved? I can only think of one of three reasons:
>  
> 1. The vendor claims are false.  In the real world, you still get lots 
> of undesireable email.
> 2. The vendor claims are true, but we're a bunch of perfectionists 
> searching for infinite resolution of Pi.
> 3. The filtering paradigm is a non-solution due to increased use of 
> recipient resources (bandwith, storage, processing, end-user time, etc)
>  
> I'm jaded here because I just don't get any spam at all. To me, this 
> group is firmly stuck in #2.  But I'd love to hear everyone's 
> feedback/experience on "Why are we still here?"
>  
> Peter Kay
> Titan Key Software
>
>------------------------------------------------------------------------
>
>_______________________________________________
>Asrg mailing list
>Asrg@ietf.org
>https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg
>  
>


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Date: Fri, 31 Dec 2004 11:36:20 -0500
From: Jim Whitescarver <jim@xanthus.net>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Spam Ecomomics
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I think most of us consider email phishing, hoaxes, viruses and spyware 
unsolicited email, i.e. spam.  The main differences with advertising is 
that advertisers would not be as adverse to paying their way.

Jim
Gadi Evron wrote:

> Hannigan, Martin wrote:
>
>>
>> So what are we saying? Systemic destruction of spam is not necessary? 
>
>
> No. It simply says that spam is not the biggest bandwidth bogger - by 
> itself. With viruses and spyware I'd put money on it.
>
>     Gadi.
>
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From asrg-bounces@ietf.org  Fri Dec 31 11:50:20 2004
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To be honest with you, I don't know the answer to that.

My personal experience has been far more text spam than app spam. As you
know, trojans are shipped over port 80 as well. I'm hit here more often than
not. The reinfection mechanisms are usually not smtp but ms exploits on
445/139 etc and are scanned and found using a variety of techniques
including http, icmp, and rpc.

That's a hard, but worthy, question.

-M
 
---
Martin Hannigan
hannigan@verisign.com
Verisign, Inc.


-----Original Message-----
From: Gadi Evron <ge@linuxbox.org>
To: Hannigan, Martin <hannigan@verisign.com>
CC: asrg@ietf.org <asrg@ietf.org>
Sent: Fri Dec 31 08:29:51 2004
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Spam Ecomomics

Hannigan, Martin wrote:
> Sorry - Gadi, possible, but you're doing a good job explaining. I'm only
on
> my second cup of 4 coffees this morning. 
> 
> If a trojan is shipped in a spam, its still classically defined spam.

Nahh, martin, it is probably my cold effecting my mind. :)

What I meant by that is, that ther traffic that worms generate on SMTP 
along with spam, would consist of most of the SMTP traffic about. Would 
you disagree?

	Gadi.

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From asrg-bounces@ietf.org  Fri Dec 31 11:59:34 2004
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] More 'pay per' foolishness
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>John - I'm saying that the capabilities are in place. Do you 
>understand how peering between large network entities works? 

You've said that some large ISPs have routers that can count the
packets per port, which I believe.  That's fine, that's the first 2%
of a billing system.

>I've classified this as "an idea". If it was already "in place" it
>would be "fact". But to answer your question, companies call people
>and ask for their money all the time. What makes this different?

The fact that the other 98% doesn't exist.  Every phone switch ever
built includes facilities to meter the calls.  If you're going to bill
people for mail traffic, you need metering in every router, and it's
not there.  I can even believe that you might be able to aggregate the
metering info using SS7, if you could deal with the security issues
involved in attaching thousands of routers from thousands of ISPs to
it, but the underlying data collection at the edges isn't there.

Using the packet to enforce quotas is a lot easier, and it'd be just
as effective to deal with spam.  Why add all of the extra complication
of passing money around?

R's,
John

PS: Does anyone have any stats of the number of phone switches in the
US or the world compared to the number of Internet routers?  My
impression is that there's a lot more routers, but it'd be nice to see
some data.


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>So what are we saying? Systemic destruction of spam is not necessary? 

No, we're saying that the high speed backbones, which I gather is the
part of the net with which you are most familiar, is not where the
significant costs of spam occur.

I'd be interested to hear where the 30% extra number comes from, since
I've never heard anyone else claim anything like that other than
perhaps specialty networks that mostly do e-mail.


>> I believe that even with 90% spam, the number of backbone bits used
>> for email is less than that used for web pages or for file sharing.
>> 
>> The costs of spam are out at the edges, mail servers and customer
>> support.
>
>It is obvious HTTP would win, and P2P would be a good rival, but email 
>is not far behind. Statistics change between different service 
>providers, but when you need 30% more bandwidth because of spam, it's 
>still a cost.
>
>Thing is, who makes money from these 30% being provided? Answer is, 
>everyone but the lowest in the chain of consumers.

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Hannigan, Martin wrote:
> To be honest with you, I don't know the answer to that.
> 
> My personal experience has been far more text spam than app spam. As you
> know, trojans are shipped over port 80 as well. I'm hit here more often than
> not. The reinfection mechanisms are usually not smtp but ms exploits on
> 445/139 etc and are scanned and found using a variety of techniques
> including http, icmp, and rpc.
> 
> That's a hard, but worthy, question.

Indeed. The problem is not just port 25, as a nice guy wrote here about 
a month ago.

It varies, but in my *personal* experience (so don't take my word on it, 
check yoru own data) the combination of spyware, worms (and other 
malware) and spam consists of between 50 and 80 per cent of an ISP's 
traffic.

This is an epidemic. Not "viruses". Someone needs to go out and say it.

	Gadi.

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John Levine wrote:
>>So what are we saying? Systemic destruction of spam is not necessary? 
> 
> 
> No, we're saying that the high speed backbones, which I gather is the
> part of the net with which you are most familiar, is not where the
> significant costs of spam occur.
> 
> I'd be interested to hear where the 30% extra number comes from, since
> I've never heard anyone else claim anything like that other than
> perhaps specialty networks that mostly do e-mail.

Like I said, Don't sue me on the numbers - they are my own and yours may 
vary, but it certainly takes a huge ammount of our traffic that it 
shouldn't?

Why do we allow this cr?p through our tubes?

	Gadi.

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Gadi Evron <ge@linuxbox.org> wrote:
> Hannigan, Martin wrote:
>> If they are moving over port 25, its smtp traffic by design. Is is safe to
>> classify this traffic as "spam" by its nature? 
>
> Your point? I'm afraid we must not understand each other.

To put it more simply: email worms are spam.

They're sent in bulk.

They're unsolicited.

They're email.

So how would they not be spam?

Seth

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der Mouse wrote:

> I'm not interested in anything closed-source or otherwise
> proprietary.  (If nothing else I simply have no budget - I
> can and do pay with my time, but if it takes money it's a
> nonstarter.)

Add me.  As a fourth reason I'm just a normal user of some ISPs
doing "something", and that "something" is not 99%.  Or maybe
it is, but then the remaining 1% is still too much for a POP3
user with a modem.  And I refuse to JHD based on the subject 
tag ***SPAM*** inserted by an unknown piece of software where
I don't have write / compile / link / run access.  Bye, Frank



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I think once we're debating the relative merits of blocking on a hard
cap versus charging for overage we're well into policy rather than
mechanism and groups like these (IETF) tend to be more successful in
pushing mechanism forward than policy tho plenty of exceptions of
course exist (BCP et al.)

But worse, I think at that point we're into marketing, really.

One ISP charges for overage, the other stops you to protect you from
yourself. Ok, I could easily imagine either being attractive to
different sorts of customers.

-- 
        -Barry Shein

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On December 31, 2004 at 12:23 sethb@panix.com (Seth Breidbart) wrote:
 > To put it more simply: email worms are spam.
 > 
 > They're sent in bulk.
 > 
 > They're unsolicited.
 > 
 > They're email.
 > 
 > So how would they not be spam?

The point is probably academic, but one difference is that even
if the email worms weren't sent in bulk they'd be considered a
problem.

Put another way, there's thus far no form of an email worm which
non-insane people would consider acceptable email. That's not true of
advertising email.

Also, worms don't by their nature carry commercial content, not that
an exception would obviate that point.

At any rate there would seem to be some taxonomic utility in
distinguishing between worms (delivered via email) per se and
unsolicited commercial/bulk email in general.

If for no other reason than the more we conflate them the more we
confuse public dialogue (e.g., the media, legislators, etc.) Consider
for example the laws against each (unsolicited advertising vs worms.)

-- 
        -Barry Shein

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Hannigan, Martin wrote:

| I'm skeptical of that large number. The numbers I've seen are around
| 100K (very large).

That's ridiculously low.  Single coordinated attacks with more machines
than that have been observed.

The CBL detects 100,000-200,000 compromised machines per _day_.
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From asrg-bounces@ietf.org  Fri Dec 31 20:20:26 2004
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From: "Hannigan, Martin" <hannigan@verisign.com>
To: "'Chris Lewis'" <clewis@nortelnetworks.com>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] Spam, defined, and permissions
Date: Fri, 31 Dec 2004 20:10:23 -0500
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I understand that. There are far more "compromised" and operating
zombies, but the average "operating size" appears to be around 100K.

You don't need anymore than that to accomplish a DDOS or a massive
spam. The miscreants are in this for money. 


-M<



--
Martin Hannigan                         (c) 617-388-2663
VeriSign, Inc.                          (w) 703-948-7018
Network Engineer IV                       Operations & Infrastructure
hannigan@verisign.com



> -----Original Message-----
> From: asrg-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:asrg-bounces@ietf.org]On Behalf Of
> Chris Lewis
> Sent: Friday, December 31, 2004 8:01 PM
> Cc: asrg@ietf.org
> Subject: Re: [Asrg] Spam, defined, and permissions
> 
> 
> -----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
> 
> Hannigan, Martin wrote:
> 
> | I'm skeptical of that large number. The numbers I've seen are around
> | 100K (very large).
> 
> That's ridiculously low.  Single coordinated attacks with 
> more machines
> than that have been observed.
> 
> The CBL detects 100,000-200,000 compromised machines per _day_.
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> _______________________________________________
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From: Laird Breyer <laird@lbreyer.com>
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Spam, defined, and permissions
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On Dec 31 2004, Hannigan, Martin wrote:
> 
> 
> I understand that. There are far more "compromised" and operating
> zombies, but the average "operating size" appears to be around 100K.
> 
> You don't need anymore than that to accomplish a DDOS or a massive
> spam. The miscreants are in this for money. 

The black hats who build and maintain the zombie networks are probably
not the spammers themselves. I'd be curious to learn what the pricing
schedule for renting a zombie army is. There's probably an entry level
price for 100K zombies per day, 500K per day, 1 million per day.

Also, I expect there's some inbuilt redundancy, the black hats want
lots of inactive zombies which remain undetected but can be activated
when needed.

-- 
Laird Breyer.

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From asrg-bounces@ietf.org  Fri Dec 31 22:20:22 2004
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From: "Hannigan, Martin" <hannigan@verisign.com>
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Spam, defined, and permissions
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They aren't the seller or the spammer, technically.

They run like corporations: 

Sponsors - wants to scam, sell something real, phish, viagara, etc. Rents
botnet.

Spammer - gets a cut of sale or clickthrough % of sale. Operates the
spamming host. Lots located in Florida for some reason. You can probably
guess who.

Bot Herders - get the bots out there that are either stale, some rbl, or
fresh, little rbl.

Proxy Salesmen - sell the lists ie rbl, some, lots

One person can do all jobs, or they have others filling functions for cuts
of revenue.

Its a whole economy. They work for money. They extort(ddos) and the spam.

Its sophisticated, bit not fancy. Good luck to cbl, they are working the 20
of 80/20 and its not easy (thanks cbl). The controllers are the 80.

-M


---
Martin Hannigan
hannigan@verisign.com
Verisign, Inc.


-----Original Message-----
From: asrg-bounces@ietf.org <asrg-bounces@ietf.org>
To: asrg@ietf.org <asrg@ietf.org>
Sent: Fri Dec 31 18:35:56 2004
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Spam, defined, and permissions

On Dec 31 2004, Hannigan, Martin wrote:
> 
> 
> I understand that. There are far more "compromised" and operating
> zombies, but the average "operating size" appears to be around 100K.
> 
> You don't need anymore than that to accomplish a DDOS or a massive
> spam. The miscreants are in this for money. 

The black hats who build and maintain the zombie networks are probably
not the spammers themselves. I'd be curious to learn what the pricing
schedule for renting a zombie army is. There's probably an entry level
price for 100K zombies per day, 500K per day, 1 million per day.

Also, I expect there's some inbuilt redundancy, the black hats want
lots of inactive zombies which remain undetected but can be activated
when needed.

-- 
Laird Breyer.

_______________________________________________
Asrg mailing list
Asrg@ietf.org
https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg

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