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From: "Teco Boot" <teco@inf-net.nl>
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Date: Sun, 2 Nov 2008 08:27:33 +0100
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Subject: [Autoconf] New BRDP drafts
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All,

A new version of I-D.boot-autoconf-brdp-01.txt is posted:
http://tools.ietf.org/id/draft-boot-autoconf-brdp-01.txt

I've still some problems posting the BRDP Based Routing I-D.
It can be accessed on:
http://www.inf-net.nl/draft-boot-brdp-based-routing-00.txt

Draft presentation on BRDP Based Routing:
http://www.inf-net.nl/BRDP%20based%20routing%20-%20RRG.pdf

Comments welcome, especially on the BRDP Based Routing idea.

Cheers, Teco

------------

Abstract draft-boot-autoconf-brdp-01.txt:

 Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANET) may be attached to a fixed
 infrastructure network, like the Internet.  This document specifies a
 mechanism for Border Router discovery and utilization in such a
 subordinate, possibly multi-homed, MANET.  It provides facilities for
 choosing preferred Border Router(s) and configuring IP address(es)
 needed for communication between MANET nodes and nodes on the
 Internet via the selected Border Router.  Autonomous MANETs do not
 have Border Routers; an self-sufficient Address Autoconfiguration is
 defined as well.

Abstract draft-boot-brdp-based-routing-00.txt:

 This document specifies a mechanism for routing in multi-homed access
 networks.  The default gateway routing mechanism is replaced with
 routing to Border Routers that correspond with the source address of
 the packets.


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From autoconf-bounces@ietf.org  Mon Nov  3 15:43:11 2008
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Hi,

	Is autoconf meeting this time? have been any progress since Dublin in
the manetarch issue?

	Thanks!

	Carlos

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++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
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        Deployment Experiences on Vehicular networks
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From autoconf-bounces@ietf.org  Tue Nov  4 01:51:05 2008
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Folks,

As you know, we need to make progress on the architectural issues,  
before we can hope to make progress on other matters within this WG.  
One of the requests that have been made to us has been to "describe  
the MANET Link Type", and so I have written together a strawman text  
to this effect:

	http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-clausen-manet-linktype-00.txt

Feedback is, obviously, welcome -- preferably on the list such that  
we could be prepared spend time on this also in MN.

Note, however, that this is an individual I-D.

I'd also like to draw your collective attention to:

	http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-iab-ip-model-evolution-01.txt

Which has served as a source of inspiration for the linktype text.

Thanks,

Thomas
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Hello Carlos, All,

Autoconf WG has been scheduled on Tuesday, November 18, 2008 1520-1700
Afternoon Session II, Salon G. Refer to
https://datatracker.ietf.org/meeting/73/agenda.html

We'd like to spend considerable amount of the meeting time on
architectural discussions, please refer to
draft-clausen-manet-linktype and draft-ietf-autoconf-manetarch-07

Also, let us know if you have any related agenda item that you would
like to discuss during the meeting.

- Shubhranshu


2008/11/4 Carlos Jes=FAs Bernardos Cano <cjbc@it.uc3m.es>:
> Hi,
>
>        Is autoconf meeting this time? have been any progress since Dublin=
 in
> the manetarch issue?
>
>        Thanks!
>
>        Carlos
>
> --
>  Carlos Jes=FAs Bernardos Cano     http://www.netcoms.net
>  GPG FP: D29B 0A6A 639A A561 93CA  4D55 35DC BA4D D170 4F67
> ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
>  WEEDEV 2009: 2nd Workshop on Experimental Evaluation and
>        Deployment Experiences on Vehicular networks
>                  http://www.weedev.org/
> ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
>
> _______________________________________________
> Autoconf mailing list
> Autoconf@ietf.org
> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/autoconf
>
>
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From autoconf-bounces@ietf.org  Mon Nov 10 10:55:16 2008
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Hi Shubranshu, all,

El jue, 06-11-2008 a las 13:21 +0530, Shubhranshu escribi=F3:
> Hello Carlos, All,
>=20
> Autoconf WG has been scheduled on Tuesday, November 18, 2008 1520-1700
> Afternoon Session II, Salon G. Refer to
> https://datatracker.ietf.org/meeting/73/agenda.html
>=20
> We'd like to spend considerable amount of the meeting time on
> architectural discussions, please refer to
> draft-clausen-manet-linktype and draft-ietf-autoconf-manetarch-07
>=20
> Also, let us know if you have any related agenda item that you would
> like to discuss during the meeting.

I agree we should focus on the architectural discussions. Unless we move
forward on that direction, nothing else can happen.

	Kind Regards,

	Carlos

>=20
> - Shubhranshu
>=20
>=20
> 2008/11/4 Carlos Jes=FAs Bernardos Cano <cjbc@it.uc3m.es>:
> > Hi,
> >
> >        Is autoconf meeting this time? have been any progress since Dubl=
in in
> > the manetarch issue?
> >
> >        Thanks!
> >
> >        Carlos
> >
> > --
> >  Carlos Jes=FAs Bernardos Cano     http://www.netcoms.net
> >  GPG FP: D29B 0A6A 639A A561 93CA  4D55 35DC BA4D D170 4F67
> > ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
> >  WEEDEV 2009: 2nd Workshop on Experimental Evaluation and
> >        Deployment Experiences on Vehicular networks
> >                  http://www.weedev.org/
> > ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
> >
> > _______________________________________________
> > Autoconf mailing list
> > Autoconf@ietf.org
> > https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/autoconf
> >
> >
--=20
 Carlos Jes=FAs Bernardos Cano     http://www.netcoms.net
 GPG FP: D29B 0A6A 639A A561 93CA  4D55 35DC BA4D D170 4F67
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
  WEEDEV 2009: 2nd Workshop on Experimental Evaluation and
        Deployment Experiences on Vehicular networks
                  http://www.weedev.org/
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

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From autoconf-bounces@ietf.org  Mon Nov 10 23:54:59 2008
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> 
> I agree we should focus on the architectural discussions. Unless we
> move forward on that direction, nothing else can happen.

IMHO we should finish the architectural discussions and manetarch & PS
documents as soon as possible.
We don't help improve the Internet by just discussions. We have to solve
some problems.

Maybe the "old" document from Fred Templin is helpful:
draft-templin-manet-autoconf-link-00.txt

Personally, I prefer a mathematical model for MANET links and stay away from
terms like "fuzzy".

My attempt on defining a "MANET Link" model:
---
A MANET Interface has a single non-reflexive P2MP link to a set of
neighbors, a set of reflexive P2P link to a set of neighbors and a set of
non-reflexive P2P link to a set of neighbors. The sets of neighbors and the
link qualities vary over time. A characteristic of MANET Links is
interference, i.e. a transmission from a MANET Interface could influence
other MANET Links.
---

BTW, why are the two WG I-Ds expired?

Teco.


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> A MANET Interface has a single non-reflexive P2MP link to a set of
> neighbors,

"Non-reflexive" has become misused, not for the first time here.
I think the term intended is non-transitive.

Of a relationship R:
Reflexive is that for all x, xRx
Symmetric is that for all x, y, xRy => yRx
Transitive is that for all x, y, z, xRy and yRz => xRz

MANET links are neither symmetric, not transitive. It's the lack of
transitivity - and that there's nothing you can do about it directly
- that makes it most problematic. (Lack of symmetry, in the sense of
whether there simply is a link, can be handled using some sort of
acknowledgement process. Of course that may still leave asymmetry in
terms of data rates etc.)

Whether a link is reflexive (whether a node has a link to itself) is
really a matter of definition, and not very important.

> A characteristic of MANET Links is
> interference, i.e. a transmission from a MANET Interface could
influence
> other MANET Links.

There needs to be quite a bit more said here. I think Thomas's
draft does.

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> "Non-reflexive" has become misused, not for the first time here.
> I think the term intended is non-transitive.
I meant non-reflexive, as defined in RFC4861:
###  Non-reflexive reachability means packets from A reach B,
###  but packets from B don't reach A.
For myself, I would use the term uni-directional.
I'm fine with symmetric, but link metrics would not need to be symmetric.
My ADSL provides bidirectional communication but has different data rates
for up- and downlink.
We need text on clarification / correction of RFC4861.


> Of course that may still leave asymmetry in
> terms of data rates etc.)
Yes!


> > A characteristic of MANET Links is
> > interference, i.e. a transmission from a MANET Interface could
> influence
> > other MANET Links.
> 
> There needs to be quite a bit more said here. I think Thomas's
> draft does.
I am OK with having a document that describes the MANET model in detail.
I suggested to include a more mathematical model for the MANET links.


Teco.


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From: "Dearlove, Christopher (UK)" <chris.dearlove@baesystems.com>
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> I meant non-reflexive, as defined in RFC4861:
> Non-reflexive reachability means packets from A reach B,
> but packets from B don't reach A.

That is unfortunate, a bad usage enshrined in an RFC, and an
important RFC at that.

But, the RFC notwithstanding, that's contrary to long
established mathematical usage - see for example
http://mathworld.wolfram.com/Reflexive.html
and to normal English, see for example
http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/reflexive

While changing RFC4861 isn't practical, I don't see any
reason to perpetuate the error.

> I'm fine with symmetric, but link metrics would not need to be
symmetric.
> My ADSL provides bidirectional communication but has different data
rates
> for up- and downlink.

This is where two uses of symmetric come into conflict.
The relationship "has a link with" mayt be symmetric,
while the properties of the link may not be.

But replacing by reflexive (which has another meaning)
is not the answer.

But actually, as I noted, I think it's the non-transitivity,
not the non-symmetry (for either usage of symmetry, and as
you say, uni/bi-directional is a good usage) that's the
killer as to why ND doesn't work (though non-symmetry doesn't
help of course).

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> > I meant non-reflexive, as defined in RFC4861:
> > Non-reflexive reachability means packets from A reach B,
> > but packets from B don't reach A.
> 
> That is unfortunate, a bad usage enshrined in an RFC, and an
> important RFC at that.

OK, let's go for an errata for RFC4861:
=== Old text:
   asymmetric reachability
                  - a link where non-reflexive and/or non-transitive
                    reachability is part of normal operation.  (Non-
                    reflexive reachability means packets from A reach B,
                    but packets from B don't reach A.  Non-transitive
                    reachability means packets from A reach B, and
                    packets from B reach C, but packets from A don't
                    reach C.)  Many radio links exhibit these
                    properties.
=== New text:
   asymmetric reachability
                  - a link where non-symmetric and/or non-transitive
                    reachability is part of normal operation.  (Non-
                    symmetric reachability means packets from A reach B,
                    but packets from B don't reach A.  Non-transitive
                    reachability means packets from A reach B, and
                    packets from B reach C, but packets from A don't
                    reach C.)  Many radio links exhibit these
                    properties. 
===
OK with this?


And an adjusted attempt on defining a "MANET Link" model:
---
A MANET Interface has a single non-symmetric P2MP link to a set of
neighbors, a set of symmetric P2P links to a set of neighbors and a set of
non-symmetric P2P links to a set of neighbors. The sets of neighbors and the
link qualities vary over time. A characteristic of MANET Links is
interference, i.e. a transmission from a MANET Interface could influence
other MANET Links.
---


I am not satisfied with the "set of symmetric P2P links", because the link
metrics may be asymmetric.
And non-transitivity could be included.
And the P2MP link can be refined. The MANET interface has two roles here, as
a hub for sending and as spokes for receiving. 
Another shot:
===
A MANET Interface has a single outbound uni-directional P2MP link to a set
of neighbors, a set of inbound uni-directional P2MP links from a set of
neighbors, a set of bi-directional P2P links with a set of neighbors and a
set of uni-directional P2P links from a set of neighbors. The sets of
neighbors and the link qualities vary over time and link metrics may be
asymmetric. Furthermore, links between the MANET Interfaces could be
non-transitive. A characteristic of MANET Links is interference, i.e. a
transmission from a MANET Interface could influence other MANET Links.
===


> But actually, as I noted, I think it's the non-transitivity,
> not the non-symmetry (for either usage of symmetry, and as
> you say, uni/bi-directional is a good usage) that's the
> killer as to why ND doesn't work (though non-symmetry doesn't
> help of course).
 
Maybe parts of ND doesn't work.
Duplicate Address Detection doesn't work because both non-symmetry and
non-transitivity.
Neighbor Unreachability Detection should work.
If parts of ND doesn't work, I think it is important to specify which parts.
This should be included in the PS.


Teco.


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> OK, let's go for an errata for RFC4861:
> === Old text:
>   asymmetric reachability
>                 - a link where non-reflexive and/or non-transitive
>                   reachability is part of normal operation.  (Non-
>                   reflexive reachability means packets from A reach B,
>                   but packets from B don't reach A.  Non-transitive
>                   reachability means packets from A reach B, and
>                   packets from B reach C, but packets from A don't
>                   reach C.)  Many radio links exhibit these
                    properties.
> === New text:
>   asymmetric reachability
>                  - a link where non-symmetric and/or non-transitive
>                   reachability is part of normal operation.  (Non-
>                   symmetric reachability means packets from A reach B,
>                   but packets from B don't reach A.  Non-transitive
>                   reachability means packets from A reach B, and
>                   packets from B reach C, but packets from A don't
>                   reach C.)  Many radio links exhibit these
>                   properties. 
> ===
> OK with this?

Personally, yes. But even if it is accepted (as I think it should be)
that reflexive is wrong, I can see arguments over symmetric, which as
we've noted has alternative meanings. In addition I'd rather not get
into the administrative process of errataing (if that's a word) a
well-supported RFC right at the moment without good support from the
powers that be. (I'm not familiar with the RFC errata process details.)


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> > OK, let's go for an errata for RFC4861:

> In addition I'd rather not get
> into the administrative process of errataing (if that's a word) a
> well-supported RFC right at the moment without good support from the
> powers that be. 

I posted the issue:
 http://www.rfc-editor.org/errata_search.php?rfc=4861

Teco.



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The usual place to look for the WG presentation slides and agenda is
https://datatracker.ietf.org/meeting/73/materials.html . I'll upload
the presentation slides as soon as I receive them.

The meeting agenda is also available at
http://www.ietf.org/proceedings/08nov/agenda/autoconf.txt

- Shubhranshu
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Dear Thomas,

I think that your document is very useful to deepen understanding 
about what is MANETs.

I have some commnets.
I think that Sec. 4 MANET Interface discusses more than MANET 
interface, that is, MANET link type. This section may present 
essences of the MANET link type.
I almost agree what are written here, but hope that we could a little 
bit clearer the essence of MANET link type. I would propose the 
following remark to be included in the texts.

The set of neighbors of each MANET interface may be position 
(attachment to a link)- and time-dependent.
The nature of position-dependency in MANETs is clearly described in 
Sec. 4. Time-dependency occurs for example due to interference in 
wireless environment. This is different from things discussed in Sec. 
5. Note that , in the Ethernet-like link, the set of neighbors of 
each MANET interface is position- and time-independent in principle.

The word "position" is used in Sec. 5. So, the remark above also 
contributes to improves consistency.

I also would propose that Sec. 6 is entitled "The MANET link Type 
Characteristics". It should be noted in Sec. 6 that  the most of 
characteristics of MANET link type, listed here, occur as the result 
of the nature of MANET link type proposed above.

Thanks,
Kenichi






At 18:51 08/11/04, Thomas Heide Clausen wrote:
>Folks,
>
>As you know, we need to make progress on the architectural issues,
>before we can hope to make progress on other matters within this WG.
>One of the requests that have been made to us has been to "describe
>the MANET Link Type", and so I have written together a strawman text
>to this effect:
>
>         http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-clausen-manet-linktype-00.txt
>
>Feedback is, obviously, welcome -- preferably on the list such that
>we could be prepared spend time on this also in MN.
>
>Note, however, that this is an individual I-D.
>
>I'd also like to draw your collective attention to:
>
>         http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-iab-ip-model-evolution-01.txt
>
>Which has served as a source of inspiration for the linktype text.
>
>Thanks,
>
>Thomas
>_______________________________________________
>Autoconf mailing list
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Thomas Heide Clausen wrote:
> Folks,
> 
> As you know, we need to make progress on the architectural issues, 
> before we can hope to make progress on other matters within this WG. 
> One of the requests that have been made to us has been to "describe 
> the MANET Link Type", and so I have written together a strawman text 
> to this effect:
> 
> http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-clausen-manet-linktype-00.txt
> 
> 
> 
> Feedback is, obviously, welcome -- preferably on the list such that 
> we could be prepared spend time on this also in MN.

Hi ThomasC,

I went quickly through the draft, thank you for posting it.  I also
think gathering a good description on the link types addressed by MANETs
is helpful towards profiling AUTOCONF goals.

I have one minor feedback, in general - could we list, perhaps in a
separate section, the names of the link layer technologies considered as
MANET, and targeted by AUTOCONF and IPv6 goals.

I could start with:

IEEE 802.11
IEEE 802.15         IEEE 802.15.4-2006
Bluetooth SIG       BLUETOOTH SPECIFICATION Version 2.1 + EDR
Wireless USB
WirelessHD
ANT
W.I.N.D.
Other?

What do you think?

Otherwise, just some suggestions of clarifications of some possible nits:
> IPv6 Link Local Multicast (FFx2::) are specified to not be forwarded

That's right, but for better readability probably saying "IPv6 multicast
  address with link-local scope (prefixed by FF02:: or FF12::)" would be
better because, for example, there's no IPv6 multicast address with
link-local scope prefixed by FF22:: - only FF02:: and FF12:: could
exist, as of RFC3513.

> While the MANET interfaces of nodes B and C in Figure 5 may not be 
> configured with addresses from within the same subnet, these may 
> still communicate e.g. as point-to-point links where the two 
> endpoints have addresses from unrelated address spaces.

Let me try to understand the last part: two endpoints on a
point-to-point link have addresses from unrelated address spaces?  For
example on a ptp link node A has address 1::1/64 and node B has address
2::1/64?  I think that's not possible, because the ptp link has a common
subnet prefix and the ends need to have addresses like 1::1/64 and
1::2/64 (same 'address space' 1::/64 subnet address); ptp links often
have same subnet address, eg IPv6 over PPP stateless autoconfiguration.

Or maybe I don't understand well the 'address space' in this context here.


Nit, Figure 3:
>             -------+-------     ---+-------             Transmission
>      ------+------- -------+------- -------+-------         Ranges
> 
>           \|/     \|/     \|/     \|/     \|/
>            |       |       |       |       |
>          +-+-+   +-+-+   +-+-+   +-+-+   +-+-+
>          | A |   | B |   | C |   | D |   | E |
>          +---+   +---+   +---+   +---+   +---+
>
> In this simple network, a transmission by the node C reaches only 
> nodes B and D on the MANET link, due to the limited transmission 
> range of the wireless broadcast interface. Similarly, a transmission 
> from node B reaches only nodes A and C and a transmission by node D 
> reaches only node E- the latter might be due to environmental
>   interference or obstacles, transmission power levels or antenna
>   properties of node C or D (e.g. directional antennas on either or
>   both of C and D).

The picture makes think there's a directional antenna only on D, not on 
C, and oriented towards E.

Also I wanted to ask whether this picture depicts an on-off kind of 
behaviour (no packet sent by D reaches C, whereas all from C reach D) or 
is it more like an uneven bandwidth (D-to-C 1Mbit/s whereas C-to-D 
10Mbit/s).  This uneven behaviour is typical in wifi... but not sure 
which link-layer technology is thought of in the Figure 3's example?

Just some notes...

Alex


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Alex,

Thanks for your comments. See below.

On Nov 17, 2008, at 12:24 PM, Alexandru Petrescu wrote:

> Thomas Heide Clausen wrote:
>> Folks,
>> As you know, we need to make progress on the architectural issues,  
>> before we can hope to make progress on other matters within this  
>> WG. One of the requests that have been made to us has been to  
>> "describe the MANET Link Type", and so I have written together a  
>> strawman text to this effect:
>> http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-clausen-manet- 
>> linktype-00.txt
>> Feedback is, obviously, welcome -- preferably on the list such  
>> that we could be prepared spend time on this also in MN.
>
> Hi ThomasC,
>
> I went quickly through the draft, thank you for posting it.  I also
> think gathering a good description on the link types addressed by  
> MANETs
> is helpful towards profiling AUTOCONF goals.
>
> I have one minor feedback, in general - could we list, perhaps in a
> separate section, the names of the link layer technologies  
> considered as
> MANET, and targeted by AUTOCONF and IPv6 goals.
>
> I could start with:
>
> IEEE 802.11
> IEEE 802.15         IEEE 802.15.4-2006
> Bluetooth SIG       BLUETOOTH SPECIFICATION Version 2.1 + EDR
> Wireless USB
> WirelessHD
> ANT
> W.I.N.D.
> Other?
>
> What do you think?

I am actually not a fan of listing explicitly such. In part, because  
I do not think that this list necessarily complete neither now nor  
"in the immediate future", and in part because I think that we are  
trying at a more generic description than a specific L2.

> Otherwise, just some suggestions of clarifications of some possible  
> nits:
>> IPv6 Link Local Multicast (FFx2::) are specified to not be forwarded
>
> That's right, but for better readability probably saying "IPv6  
> multicast
>  address with link-local scope (prefixed by FF02:: or FF12::)"  
> would be
> better because, for example, there's no IPv6 multicast address with
> link-local scope prefixed by FF22:: - only FF02:: and FF12:: could
> exist, as of RFC3513.

Good point, I'll do that in an update.

>
>> While the MANET interfaces of nodes B and C in Figure 5 may not be  
>> configured with addresses from within the same subnet, these may  
>> still communicate e.g. as point-to-point links where the two  
>> endpoints have addresses from unrelated address spaces.
>
> Let me try to understand the last part: two endpoints on a
> point-to-point link have addresses from unrelated address spaces?  For
> example on a ptp link node A has address 1::1/64 and node B has  
> address
> 2::1/64?  I think that's not possible, because the ptp link has a  
> common
> subnet prefix and the ends need to have addresses like 1::1/64 and
> 1::2/64 (same 'address space' 1::/64 subnet address); ptp links often
> have same subnet address, eg IPv6 over PPP stateless  
> autoconfiguration.
>
> Or maybe I don't understand well the 'address space' in this  
> context here.

No, you understand it quite well. It is quite possible to run links  
between routers in this way (and, I know of at least one case in the  
IETF wherein the link between a router and hosts is also run in that  
way).


> Nit, Figure 3:
>>             -------+-------     ---+-------             Transmission
>>      ------+------- -------+------- -------+-------         Ranges
>>           \|/     \|/     \|/     \|/     \|/
>>            |       |       |       |       |
>>          +-+-+   +-+-+   +-+-+   +-+-+   +-+-+
>>          | A |   | B |   | C |   | D |   | E |
>>          +---+   +---+   +---+   +---+   +---+
>>
>> In this simple network, a transmission by the node C reaches only  
>> nodes B and D on the MANET link, due to the limited transmission  
>> range of the wireless broadcast interface. Similarly, a  
>> transmission from node B reaches only nodes A and C and a  
>> transmission by node D reaches only node E- the latter might be  
>> due to environmental
>>   interference or obstacles, transmission power levels or antenna
>>   properties of node C or D (e.g. directional antennas on either or
>>   both of C and D).
>
> The picture makes think there's a directional antenna only on D,  
> not on C, and oriented towards E.

That could be the case, yes.
>
> Also I wanted to ask whether this picture depicts an on-off kind of  
> behaviour (no packet sent by D reaches C, whereas all from C reach D)

I'd say "yes"

> or is it more like an uneven bandwidth (D-to-C 1Mbit/s whereas C-to- 
> D 10Mbit/s).

I'd say "yes" again.

> This uneven behaviour is typical in wifi... but not sure which link- 
> layer technology is thought of in the Figure 3's example?

No specific L2, fig. 3 is trying to describe a "general type of  
behavior, which a MANET protocol must be designed to accommodate".

Thomas
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> > Nit, Figure 3:
> >>             -------+-------     ---+-------             Transmission
> >>      ------+------- -------+------- -------+-------         Ranges
> >>           \|/     \|/     \|/     \|/     \|/
> >>            |       |       |       |       |
> >>          +-+-+   +-+-+   +-+-+   +-+-+   +-+-+
> >>          | A |   | B |   | C |   | D |   | E |
> >>          +---+   +---+   +---+   +---+   +---+
> >>
> >> In this simple network, a transmission by the node C reaches only
> >> nodes B and D on the MANET link, due to the limited transmission
> >> range of the wireless broadcast interface. Similarly, a
> >> transmission from node B reaches only nodes A and C and a
> >> transmission by node D reaches only node E- the latter might be
> >> due to environmental
> >>   interference or obstacles, transmission power levels or antenna
> >>   properties of node C or D (e.g. directional antennas on either or
> >>   both of C and D).
> >
> > The picture makes think there's a directional antenna only on D,
> > not on C, and oriented towards E.
> 
> That could be the case, yes.

Directional antennas provide beam forming for transmit and receive.
It could be the case that there is a directional antenna, but directional
antennas do NOT introduce unidirectional reachability. Or physical laws are
updated recently...

Perhaps D sends with lower power than C, or there is noise or interference
on C. Or C has low sensitive receiver.

Teco.

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Thomas Heide Clausen wrote:
[listing specific link-layer types]
> 
> I am actually not a fan of listing explicitly such. In part, because I 
> do not think that this list necessarily complete neither now nor "in the 
> immediate future", and in part because I think that we are trying at a 
> more generic description than a specific L2.

It was not the intention to make it complete, but to have a start list 
of such things.  To make it more complete one would simply add more 
items.  Which link you think is not and needs to be present on that list?

[...]
>>> While the MANET interfaces of nodes B and C in Figure 5 may not be 
>>> configured with addresses from within the same subnet, these may 
>>> still communicate e.g. as point-to-point links where the two 
>>> endpoints have addresses from unrelated address spaces.
>>
>> Let me try to understand the last part: two endpoints on a
>> point-to-point link have addresses from unrelated address spaces?  For
>> example on a ptp link node A has address 1::1/64 and node B has address
>> 2::1/64?  I think that's not possible, because the ptp link has a common
>> subnet prefix and the ends need to have addresses like 1::1/64 and
>> 1::2/64 (same 'address space' 1::/64 subnet address); ptp links often
>> have same subnet address, eg IPv6 over PPP stateless autoconfiguration.
>>
>> Or maybe I don't understand well the 'address space' in this context 
>> here.
> 
> No, you understand it quite well. It is quite possible to run links 
> between routers in this way (and, I know of at least one case in the 
> IETF wherein the link between a router and hosts is also run in that way).

I think a point-to-point link between routers still has a common subnet 
address, or otherwise one should disable DAD and other ND parameters. 
It could be advantageous to say so, because it also brings in an 
opportunity to talk about ND, otherwise absent from the draft.

>> Nit, Figure 3:
>>>             -------+-------     ---+-------             Transmission
>>>      ------+------- -------+------- -------+-------         Ranges
>>>           \|/     \|/     \|/     \|/     \|/
>>>            |       |       |       |       |
>>>          +-+-+   +-+-+   +-+-+   +-+-+   +-+-+
>>>          | A |   | B |   | C |   | D |   | E |
>>>          +---+   +---+   +---+   +---+   +---+
>>>
>>> In this simple network, a transmission by the node C reaches only 
>>> nodes B and D on the MANET link, due to the limited transmission 
>>> range of the wireless broadcast interface. Similarly, a transmission 
>>> from node B reaches only nodes A and C and a transmission by node D 
>>> reaches only node E- the latter might be due to environmental
>>>   interference or obstacles, transmission power levels or antenna
>>>   properties of node C or D (e.g. directional antennas on either or
>>>   both of C and D).
>>
>> The picture makes think there's a directional antenna only on D, not 
>> on C, and oriented towards E.
> 
> That could be the case, yes.

In that case one wouldn't say 'either or both of C and D', just 'on D'.

>> Also I wanted to ask whether this picture depicts an on-off kind of 
>> behaviour (no packet sent by D reaches C, whereas all from C reach D)
> 
> I'd say "yes"

Well I think that's a UDLR link, and in this case it should be qualified 
as such.  UDLR may be useful to cite here, there are RFCs about it, 
mostly from the satellite links worlds.

>> or is it more like an uneven bandwidth (D-to-C 1Mbit/s whereas C-to-D 
>> 10Mbit/s).
> 
> I'd say "yes" again.

Sorry, can't be both.  A link is either UDLR (like satellite) or 
asymmetric (like ADSL).  There don't exist links which are both UDLR and 
ADSL at the same time.

>> This uneven behaviour is typical in wifi... but not sure which 
>> link-layer technology is thought of in the Figure 3's example?
> 
> No specific L2, fig. 3 is trying to describe a "general type of 
> behavior, which a MANET protocol must be designed to accommodate".

I do subscribe to the generic aspect, and the intention to have IP run 
over all types of links pertinent to MANET.

Alex


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> It was not the intention to make it complete, but to have a start list

> of such things.  To make it more complete one would simply add more 
> items.

I agree with Thomas, attempting to list possible systems is not a
good idea. Quoting one or two examples (e.g. 802.11) to give an
example of the problems is useful. But any attempt to provide anything
comprehensive is doomed to double failure. Failure to catch everything,
and failure in that it might suggest things that aren't listed aren't
included. That does mean that when quoting an example, it is important
to make clear it is just that and no more.

> Which link you think is not and needs to be present on that list?

I can think of some. But I don't intend to list them.

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Dearlove, Christopher (UK) wrote:
>> It was not the intention to make it complete, but to have a start list
> 
>> of such things.  To make it more complete one would simply add more 
>> items.
> 
> I agree with Thomas, attempting to list possible systems is not a
> good idea. Quoting one or two examples (e.g. 802.11) to give an
> example of the problems is useful. But any attempt to provide anything
> comprehensive is doomed to double failure. Failure to catch everything,
> and failure in that it might suggest things that aren't listed aren't
> included. That does mean that when quoting an example, it is important
> to make clear it is just that and no more.

I wouldnt go as far as trying to make it comprehensive list, of course. 
  But doing my best - yes.  I really would list the links which concerns 
us.  E.g. I'm concerned by WiFi and Bluetooth in my work - none is UDLR, 
thus no need to mention the on-off kind of behaviour.  I'm not concerned 
by satellite.

You'd be concerned by other links, welcome to add it.

Hiding my head in the sand about which link layer I'm using, in a 
document about link layer types... risks me being taken not seriously.

>> Which link you think is not and needs to be present on that list?
> 
> I can think of some. But I don't intend to list them.

Why?  Is it because the confidentiality of the type of work?

Alex

> 
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Teco Boot wrote:
>>> Nit, Figure 3:
>>>>             -------+-------     ---+-------             Transmission
>>>>      ------+------- -------+------- -------+-------         Ranges
>>>>           \|/     \|/     \|/     \|/     \|/
>>>>            |       |       |       |       |
>>>>          +-+-+   +-+-+   +-+-+   +-+-+   +-+-+
>>>>          | A |   | B |   | C |   | D |   | E |
>>>>          +---+   +---+   +---+   +---+   +---+
>>>>
>>>> In this simple network, a transmission by the node C reaches only
>>>> nodes B and D on the MANET link, due to the limited transmission
>>>> range of the wireless broadcast interface. Similarly, a
>>>> transmission from node B reaches only nodes A and C and a
>>>> transmission by node D reaches only node E- the latter might be
>>>> due to environmental
>>>>   interference or obstacles, transmission power levels or antenna
>>>>   properties of node C or D (e.g. directional antennas on either or
>>>>   both of C and D).
>>> The picture makes think there's a directional antenna only on D,
>>> not on C, and oriented towards E.
>> That could be the case, yes.
> 
> Directional antennas provide beam forming for transmit and receive.
> It could be the case that there is a directional antenna, but directional
> antennas do NOT introduce unidirectional reachability. Or physical laws are
> updated recently...
> 
> Perhaps D sends with lower power than C, or there is noise or interference
> on C. Or C has low sensitive receiver.

I kind of agree Teco.  My issue is just to have a coherent description 
with a particular case with the particular whys, coherent, 
non-contradictory.

For example, we could say: for equally distanced B-C-D, a packet sent by 
C arrives faster to B than to D; this is so because of noise 
interference on D.  An ND implication is that DAD timers on C and D may 
need to reflect this difference (be different).

But I'm not keen on saying: packets from C to B may sometimes arrive 
whereas from D to B may not, because some interference may happen or 
because D's or C's antennas may be more directional than others.  This 
description _is_ generic, but is it helpful enough to setting AUTOCONF 
goals?

This would also give an opportunity to mention DAD, otherwise not 
mentioned in the draft.

Just some thoughts...

Alex


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From: "Dearlove, Christopher (UK)" <chris.dearlove@baesystems.com>
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> Hiding my head in the sand about which link layer I'm using, in a 
> document about link layer types

It's not a document about link layer types. It's a document about
the broad characteristics of wireless links, and how they differ
from typical wired links. What's important is that there are some
widely use links (and just 802.11 would be sufficient for this to
be true) that do not behave like an Ethernet. And, despite that IP
was originally intended to be a network layer running over a link
layer without knowing what that link layer is, protocols have
developed assuming that all the world is like an Ethernet. But
(and it's pretty elementary stuff to anyone who works with radio
systems) all the world is not like an Ethernet. However it is
clear that this has to be said, and spelled out. And as I (not
an author of this document of course) see it, that's the job of
this document. Then (the architecture document) if links are not
all like Ethernets, what are the consequences? Precisely what
long list of wireless systems have those consequences isn't the
point.

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On Nov 17, 2008, at 15:02 PM, Alexandru Petrescu wrote:

> Dearlove, Christopher (UK) wrote:
>>> It was not the intention to make it complete, but to have a start  
>>> list
>>> of such things.  To make it more complete one would simply add  
>>> more items.
>> I agree with Thomas, attempting to list possible systems is not a
>> good idea. Quoting one or two examples (e.g. 802.11) to give an
>> example of the problems is useful. But any attempt to provide  
>> anything
>> comprehensive is doomed to double failure. Failure to catch  
>> everything,
>> and failure in that it might suggest things that aren't listed aren't
>> included. That does mean that when quoting an example, it is  
>> important
>> to make clear it is just that and no more.
>
> I wouldnt go as far as trying to make it comprehensive list, of  
> course.  But doing my best - yes.  I really would list the links  
> which concerns us.  E.g. I'm concerned by WiFi and Bluetooth in my  
> work - none is UDLR, thus no need to mention the on-off kind of  
> behaviour.  I'm not concerned by satellite.
>
> You'd be concerned by other links, welcome to add it.
>
> Hiding my head in the sand about which link layer I'm using, in a  
> document about link layer types... risks me being taken not seriously.
>

I think that this is not a matter of "hiding ones heads" anywhere,  
Alex. The intent is to say that "Here's the abstract set of L2  
properties that we're designing MANET protocols to. Any link-layer  
providing this (or better), will work."

I'm on board with Chris on the "cite one or two examples", however I  
do not believe that we can do a reasonable job of enumerating all  
possible L2s that exist, has existed and will exist. I think that  
we're better served by being a notch more abstract.

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From: Thomas Heide Clausen <ietf@thomasclausen.org>
Date: Mon, 17 Nov 2008 16:17:41 +0100
To: "Dearlove, Christopher (UK)" <chris.dearlove@baesystems.com>
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On Nov 17, 2008, at 15:16 PM, Dearlove, Christopher (UK) wrote:

>
>> Hiding my head in the sand about which link layer I'm using, in a
>> document about link layer types
>
> It's not a document about link layer types. It's a document about
> the broad characteristics of wireless links, and how they differ
> from typical wired links. What's important is that there are some
> widely use links (and just 802.11 would be sufficient for this to
> be true) that do not behave like an Ethernet. And, despite that IP
> was originally intended to be a network layer running over a link
> layer without knowing what that link layer is, protocols have
> developed assuming that all the world is like an Ethernet. But
> (and it's pretty elementary stuff to anyone who works with radio
> systems) all the world is not like an Ethernet. However it is
> clear that this has to be said, and spelled out. And as I (not
> an author of this document of course) see it, that's the job of
> this document. Then (the architecture document) if links are not
> all like Ethernets, what are the consequences? Precisely what
> long list of wireless systems have those consequences isn't the
> point.

Chris is right on the spot with these remarks, at least as far as the  
intent of the author of the document.

Thomas

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> I'm on board with Chris on the "cite one or two examples"

What I didn't say however, was that, while 802.11 is the
most obvious example, a second example that's significantly
different, while still being clearly appropriate, would have
the advantage of making it clear that this is not just about
802.11. 802.15.4 might serve, or possibly a non-IEEE example.

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Hello folks,

I also agree that it would be a mistake to try to list those
wireless media for which <draft-clausen-manet-linktype>
would apply.

In fact, the problem is really quite difficult, if not intractable.
Are 802.11a and 802.11b two different physical media?
For the purposes of such a list, do different frequency bands
present two different media?  Two different codes?

I remember a previous discussion about horizontal versus
vertical handovers.  That discussion was terminated by fiat
without being able to provide a normative description about
whether such media were similar enough to have horizontal
handovers.  Rough consensus seemed to be that it was time
to publish the document anyway :-)

We shouldn't go there with this document.

Regards,
Charlie P.


Dearlove, Christopher (UK) wrote:
>> I'm on board with Chris on the "cite one or two examples"
>>     
>
> What I didn't say however, was that, while 802.11 is the
> most obvious example, a second example that's significantly
> different, while still being clearly appropriate, would have
> the advantage of making it clear that this is not just about
> 802.11. 802.15.4 might serve, or possibly a non-IEEE example.
>
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Charles E. Perkins wrote:
> 
> Hello folks,
> 
> I also agree that it would be a mistake to try to list those
> wireless media for which <draft-clausen-manet-linktype>
> would apply.
> 
> In fact, the problem is really quite difficult, if not intractable.
> Are 802.11a and 802.11b two different physical media?
> For the purposes of such a list, do different frequency bands
> present two different media?  Two different codes?

If the a/b difference is a problem then the solution is at their level 
and not above.  I.e. IP can't fix the differences in coding or frequency.

IP can't solve Figure3 B-C-D MANET Interface problems related to antenna 
directionality, radio interference and transmission range 
samedistance-differentdelays problems.

I may be way off the common thought here...

Alex


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From: "Dearlove, Christopher (UK)" <chris.dearlove@baesystems.com>
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Alexander Petrescu wrote:
> Charles E. Perkins wrote:
>> In fact, the problem is really quite difficult, if not intractable.
>> Are 802.11a and 802.11b two different physical media?
>> For the purposes of such a list, do different frequency bands
>> present two different media?  Two different codes?

> If the a/b difference is a problem then the solution is at their level

> and not above.  I.e. IP can't fix the differences in coding or
frequency.

I think you've missed Charlie's point, which isn't that
802.11a/b is a problem as a link layer, it's that whether
802.11a and 802.11b are one standard or two (or more) is
not clear, in fact it's not even a well-defined question.

According to http://www.theregister.co.uk/2008/11/13/wimax_again/
the FDD and TDD modes of IEEE 802.16e-2005 are being considered
as separate standards by the ITU for IMT-2000 inclusion. This
is not directly relevant to this document, but illustrates that
"how many standards" is not just a technical question.

However please note that, of my knowledge, this report may or may
not be accurate, I have no personal knowledge of the issue.

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> I think you've missed Charlie's point, which isn't that
> 802.11a/b is a problem as a link layer, it's that whether
> 802.11a and 802.11b are one standard or two (or more) is
> not clear, in fact it's not even a well-defined question.

[Teco:] 
Agreed.
By the way, the 11a / 11b are "retired" amendments, both are "rolled into"
in IEEE 802.11-2007.
Terms "retired" and "rolled into" are out of 802.11-2007.

Far more important is the two modes 802.11 can operate in: IBSS and BSS.
The MANET link would only apply to IBSS:
>>> IEEE 802.11-2007:
3.5 ad hoc network: Often used as a venacular term for an independent basic
service set (IBSS).
<<<

An IBSS is NOT equivalent with a MANET:
>>> IEEE 802.11-2007:
An IBSS consists of STAs that are directly connected.
<<<
The target of MANET routing is repairing connectivity problems when STAs are
out of reach from each other. But this implies that the topology is not in
line with the service definition for IBSS.

Teco.


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> IP can't solve Figure3 B-C-D MANET Interface problems related to
> antenna
> directionality, radio interference and transmission range
> samedistance-differentdelays problems.

Again: the unidirectional problem CANNOT be caused by directional antennas.

Teco.


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Christopher, please allow me top-posting in this case.

I do not agree with this document.  Although I may have seen in practice 
some of the problems mentioned in this document (e.g. the B-C-D 
asymetricity in Figure 2) the solutions were not at IP level but below 
(e.g. MAC repeater, antenna range extender).  IPv6 works ok over WiFi.

Alex

Dearlove, Christopher (UK) wrote:
> Alexander Petrescu wrote:
>> Charles E. Perkins wrote:
>>> In fact, the problem is really quite difficult, if not intractable.
>>> Are 802.11a and 802.11b two different physical media?
>>> For the purposes of such a list, do different frequency bands
>>> present two different media?  Two different codes?
> 
>> If the a/b difference is a problem then the solution is at their level
> 
>> and not above.  I.e. IP can't fix the differences in coding or
> frequency.
> 
> I think you've missed Charlie's point, which isn't that
> 802.11a/b is a problem as a link layer, it's that whether
> 802.11a and 802.11b are one standard or two (or more) is
> not clear, in fact it's not even a well-defined question.
> 
> According to http://www.theregister.co.uk/2008/11/13/wimax_again/
> the FDD and TDD modes of IEEE 802.16e-2005 are being considered
> as separate standards by the ITU for IMT-2000 inclusion. This
> is not directly relevant to this document, but illustrates that
> "how many standards" is not just a technical question.
> 
> However please note that, of my knowledge, this report may or may
> not be accurate, I have no personal knowledge of the issue.
> 
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From: Thomas Heide Clausen <Thomas@ThomasClausen.org>
Date: Mon, 17 Nov 2008 19:40:48 +0100
To: Alexandru Petrescu <alexandru.petrescu@gmail.com>
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Alex,

You are absolutely right, IP works fine over some classic WiFi  
configurations, such as hosts-accesspoints or a fully connected graph  
of hosts. The kind of connectivity that this document is describing  
is, however, neither of these two.

Thomas


On Nov 17, 2008, at 19:32 PM, Alexandru Petrescu wrote:

> Christopher, please allow me top-posting in this case.
>
> I do not agree with this document.  Although I may have seen in  
> practice some of the problems mentioned in this document (e.g. the  
> B-C-D asymetricity in Figure 2) the solutions were not at IP level  
> but below (e.g. MAC repeater, antenna range extender).  IPv6 works  
> ok over WiFi.
>
> Alex
>
> Dearlove, Christopher (UK) wrote:
>> Alexander Petrescu wrote:
>>> Charles E. Perkins wrote:
>>>> In fact, the problem is really quite difficult, if not intractable.
>>>> Are 802.11a and 802.11b two different physical media?
>>>> For the purposes of such a list, do different frequency bands
>>>> present two different media?  Two different codes?
>>> If the a/b difference is a problem then the solution is at their  
>>> level
>>> and not above.  I.e. IP can't fix the differences in coding or
>> frequency.
>> I think you've missed Charlie's point, which isn't that
>> 802.11a/b is a problem as a link layer, it's that whether
>> 802.11a and 802.11b are one standard or two (or more) is
>> not clear, in fact it's not even a well-defined question.
>> According to http://www.theregister.co.uk/2008/11/13/wimax_again/
>> the FDD and TDD modes of IEEE 802.16e-2005 are being considered
>> as separate standards by the ITU for IMT-2000 inclusion. This
>> is not directly relevant to this document, but illustrates that
>> "how many standards" is not just a technical question.
>> However please note that, of my knowledge, this report may or may
>> not be accurate, I have no personal knowledge of the issue.
>> ********************************************************************
>> This email and any attachments are confidential to the intended
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> IPv6 works ok over WiFi.

Alex,

Are you trying to confuse us?
Please read my posting on IBSS and the requirement on direct STA - STA
connectivity.
Where is described how to run IPv6 over a network that isn't?
There are many solutions, and running a MANET routing protocol is just one
of them.

Teco.


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Hi Teco,

> An IBSS is NOT equivalent with a MANET:
> >>> IEEE 802.11-2007:
> An IBSS consists of STAs that are directly connected.
> <<<
> The target of MANET routing is repairing connectivity problems when STAs =
are
> out of reach from each other. But this implies that the topology is not i=
n
> line with the service definition for IBSS.

I'm not sure I got this right. AFAIK, in a practical deployment of an
IBSS wireless network, you might end up with nodes that are not directly
reachable but belong to the same IBSS. Since there is no central entity
(like the AP), there is no way of ensuring that all nodes from the same
IBSS have direct connectivity to each other, right?

Carlos

>=20
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> > An IBSS is NOT equivalent with a MANET:
> > >>> IEEE 802.11-2007:
> > An IBSS consists of STAs that are directly connected.
> > <<<
> > The target of MANET routing is repairing connectivity problems when
> > STAs are out of reach from each other. But this implies that the
> > topology is not in line with the service definition for IBSS.
> 
> I'm not sure I got this right. AFAIK, in a practical deployment of an
> IBSS wireless network, you might end up with nodes that are not
> directly reachable but belong to the same IBSS. Since there is no
> central entity (like the AP), there is no way of ensuring that all
> nodes from the same IBSS have direct connectivity to each other, right?

I agree on that theory and real world problems could deviate.
But I think that it is important to make clear what the IEEE standard
describes.

And can someone help me what "venacular" means? Maybe it is a typo and
should be "vernacular".
>>> IEEE 802.11-2007:
3.5 ad hoc network: Often used as a venacular term for an independent basic
service set (IBSS).
<<<

Teco.



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Teco Boot wrote:
[...]
> An IBSS is NOT equivalent with a MANET:
> 
>>>> IEEE 802.11-2007:
> An IBSS consists of STAs that are directly connected.
<<<<
> 
> The target of MANET routing is repairing connectivity problems when 
> STAs are out of reach from each other.

I don't agree.  When STAs are out of reach of each other it's because
they're too far away one from the other.  When STAs are too distanced
routing protocols don't help.  One needs basic connectivity when things
are too far away.  To obtain connectivity between STAs too distanced
(more than 50m typically) one adds a longer range directional antenna,
or higher-power amplifiers or repeaters (this latter tool being the same
as with too long Ethernet cables).  O'Reilly published some time ago
some text in a book about practicals how to make wifi community networks
over wider, kilometer-range areas, none uses  MANET protocols but
antennas in chips tins yes, if you wish.

> But this implies that the topology is not in line with the service 
> definition for IBSS.

I don't understand... actually I don't know what's the service of an
IBSS (Independent Basic Service Set), I just know IBSS is like when we
want to run a set of STAs without AP... but not sure what's that
service... maybe it's a link-layer term that is irrelevant here.

Alex


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Hi,

> -----Original Message-----
> From: autoconf-bounces@ietf.org =

> [mailto:autoconf-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of Carlos Jes=FAs =

> Bernardos Cano
> Sent: maandag 17 november 2008 20:33
> To: Teco Boot
> Cc: autoconf@ietf.org
> Subject: Re: [Autoconf] draft-clausen-manet-linktype
> =

> Hi Teco,
> =

> > An IBSS is NOT equivalent with a MANET:
> > >>> IEEE 802.11-2007:
> > An IBSS consists of STAs that are directly connected.
> > <<<
> > The target of MANET routing is repairing connectivity problems when =

> > STAs are out of reach from each other. But this implies that the =

> > topology is not in line with the service definition for IBSS.
> =

> I'm not sure I got this right. AFAIK, in a practical =

> deployment of an IBSS wireless network, you might end up with =

> nodes that are not directly reachable but belong to the same =

> IBSS. Since there is no central entity (like the AP), there =

> is no way of ensuring that all nodes from the same IBSS have =

> direct connectivity to each other, right?

That's just because people are extending 802.11 IBSS mode beyond IEEE's ori=
ginally intended model of usage. MANET is indeed the solution by which conn=
ectivity can be achieved even if STA are not in direct reach of each other.=
 However, you might be facing some nasty problems with IBSS splits and merg=
es, Time Stamp Function synchronisation, etc. Whether you come across these=
 is dependent on how well your particular devices / implementations deal wi=
th this beyond-the-spec usage.

IEEE 802.11s is another story, of course...

Ronald

> =

> Carlos
> =

> > =

> > Teco.
> > =

> > =

> > _______________________________________________
> > Autoconf mailing list
> > Autoconf@ietf.org
> > https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/autoconf
> -- =

>  Carlos Jes=FAs Bernardos Cano     http://www.netcoms.net
>  GPG FP: D29B 0A6A 639A A561 93CA  4D55 35DC BA4D D170 4F67
> ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
>   WEEDEV 2009: 2nd Workshop on Experimental Evaluation and
>         Deployment Experiences on Vehicular networks
>                   http://www.weedev.org/
> ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
> =

This e-mail and its contents are subject to the DISCLAIMER at http://www.tn=
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Teco Boot wrote:
>> IPv6 works ok over WiFi.
> 
> Alex,
> 
> Are you trying to confuse us?

Teco: no, I'm not trying to confuse anybody, sorry for this impression, 
let me try to clarify.

> Please read my posting on IBSS and the requirement on direct STA -
> STA connectivity.

I read it replied separately.

> Where is described how to run IPv6 over a network that isn't?

I think I agree.  One first needs to build a link-layer network before
being able to run IP over it.  This draft's Figure 3 B-C-D is not such a
link-layer network.

> There are many solutions, and running a MANET routing protocol is
> just one of them.

I don't agree.  MANET routing protocol runs at IP layer.  IP layer can't
be used to build link-layer networks.  To build link-layer networks one
uses link-layer tools.  A humble opinion that is.

Alex


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> > An IBSS is NOT equivalent with a MANET:
> >
> >>>> IEEE 802.11-2007:
> > An IBSS consists of STAs that are directly connected.
> <<<<
> >
> > The target of MANET routing is repairing connectivity problems when
> > STAs are out of reach from each other.
> 
> I don't agree.  When STAs are out of reach of each other it's because
> they're too far away one from the other.  When STAs are too distanced
> routing protocols don't help.  One needs basic connectivity when things
> are too far away.  To obtain connectivity between STAs too distanced
> (more than 50m typically) one adds a longer range directional antenna,
> or higher-power amplifiers or repeaters (this latter tool being the
> same
> as with too long Ethernet cables).  O'Reilly published some time ago
> some text in a book about practicals how to make wifi community
> networks
> over wider, kilometer-range areas, none uses  MANET protocols but
> antennas in chips tins yes, if you wish.

Sorry, I can't follow.
If you want to discuss what functionality the MANET Routing should provide,
please post on MANET ML.


> > But this implies that the topology is not in line with the service
> > definition for IBSS.
> 
> I don't understand... actually I don't know what's the service of an
> IBSS (Independent Basic Service Set), I just know IBSS is like when we
> want to run a set of STAs without AP... but not sure what's that
> service... maybe it's a link-layer term that is irrelevant here.

Please read standards before posting.


Teco.


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Hi Thomas,

Another topic on your draft.
You suggest using /62 or /63 on non-MANET interfaces. (typo in figure 7, p:3
is /63).

By using these prefix lengths, you exclude SLAAC. SLAAC requires /64 prefix
lengths (RFC2462).
I am not sure this was intended or not.

Regards, Teco




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Hi Teco,

Uhmm, I think that was unintended -- fat fingers and all. Sorry.

Thomas


On Nov 17, 2008, at 23:42 PM, Teco Boot wrote:

> Hi Thomas,
>
> Another topic on your draft.
> You suggest using /62 or /63 on non-MANET interfaces. (typo in  
> figure 7, p:3
> is /63).
>
> By using these prefix lengths, you exclude SLAAC. SLAAC requires / 
> 64 prefix
> lengths (RFC2462).
> I am not sure this was intended or not.
>
> Regards, Teco
>
>
>
>
> _______________________________________________
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> One first needs to build a link-layer network before
> being able to run IP over it.  This draft's Figure 3 B-C-D is not such
> a link-layer network.

The manet-linktype I-D describes the behavior as briefly discussed in
RFC4861 section 2.2. Link Types, asymmetric reachability. (check also
errata, http://www.rfc-editor.org/errata_search.php?rfc=4861)
Figure 3 B-C-D is such a link-layer network.

> > There are many solutions, and running a MANET routing protocol is
> > just one of them.
> 
> I don't agree.  MANET routing protocol runs at IP layer.  IP layer
> can't
> be used to build link-layer networks.  To build link-layer networks one
> uses link-layer tools.  A humble opinion that is.

MANET routing protocols provide L3 connectivity over link-layer types with
asymmetric reachability.
No one said that MANET routing protocols would be used for to build
link-layer networks

See also RFC4861 Appendix B, last item, on ND over link types with
asymmetric and non-transitive reachability.


Teco.




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From: "Velt, R. (Ronald) in 't" <Ronald.intVelt@tno.nl>
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Subject: Re: [Autoconf] draft-clausen-manet-linktype
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Hi Alex, 

<snip>
> 
> I don't agree.  MANET routing protocol runs at IP layer.  IP 
> layer can't be used to build link-layer networks.  To build 
> link-layer networks one uses link-layer tools.  A humble 
> opinion that is.

IP is well suited for connecting together different links into a
network. That's what it does. Say node A is running PPP over one piece
of wire to node B and PPP over another piece of wire to node C. These
are different links even though the underlying L2 technology is the
same. IP connects the links. The more I think about it, the more I am
inclined to say that there is no such thing as "a MANET link". Instead,
a node sees a time-varying collection of links, one per node it can
reach. The slightly odd thing (and infinite source of confusion) is that
several of these links can be accessed through the same physical
interface.

My 2 cents,
Ronald
This e-mail and its contents are subject to the DISCLAIMER at http://www.tno.nl/disclaimer/email.html

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At 08:02 08/11/18, Velt, R. (Ronald) in 't wrote:
>Hi Alex,
>
><snip>
> >
> > I don't agree.  MANET routing protocol runs at IP layer.  IP
> > layer can't be used to build link-layer networks.  To build
> > link-layer networks one uses link-layer tools.  A humble
> > opinion that is.
>
>IP is well suited for connecting together different links into a
>network. That's what it does. Say node A is running PPP over one piece
>of wire to node B and PPP over another piece of wire to node C. These
>are different links even though the underlying L2 technology is the
>same. IP connects the links. The more I think about it, the more I am
>inclined to say that there is no such thing as "a MANET link". Instead,
>a node sees a time-varying collection of links, one per node it can
>reach. The slightly odd thing (and infinite source of confusion) is that
>several of these links can be accessed through the same physical
>interface.

And this single interface can work as that of the router carrying 
packets between these links (This does not occur in wired network).

Kenichi


>My 2 cents,
>Ronald
>This e-mail and its contents are subject to the DISCLAIMER at 
>http://www.tno.nl/disclaimer/email.html
>
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> > > I don't agree.  MANET routing protocol runs at IP layer.  IP
> > > layer can't be used to build link-layer networks.  To build
> > > link-layer networks one uses link-layer tools.  A humble
> > > opinion that is.
> >
> >IP is well suited for connecting together different links into a
> >network. That's what it does. Say node A is running PPP over one piece
> >of wire to node B and PPP over another piece of wire to node C. These
> >are different links even though the underlying L2 technology is the
> >same. IP connects the links. The more I think about it, the more I am
> >inclined to say that there is no such thing as "a MANET link".
> Instead,
> >a node sees a time-varying collection of links, one per node it can
> >reach. The slightly odd thing (and infinite source of confusion) is
> that
> >several of these links can be accessed through the same physical
> >interface.
> 
> And this single interface can work as that of the router carrying
> packets between these links (This does not occur in wired network).

There are examples of non-fully-meshed wired link-layer networks also, e.g.
NBMA such as X.21, FR and ATM and some broadband access systems. Using
logical interfaces for each P2P link is one way solving problems, but this
could have disadvantages like increased resources on routers.

Teco. 



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Hi Ronald,

Velt, R. (Ronald) in 't wrote:
> Hi Alex,
> =

> <snip>
>> I don't agree.  MANET routing protocol runs at IP layer.  IP layer =

>> can't be used to build link-layer networks.  To build link-layer =

>> networks one uses link-layer tools.  A humble opinion that is.
> =

> IP is well suited for connecting together different links into a =

> network. That's what it does.

YEs, well suited for connecting one well-formed link to another =

well-formed link.

> Say node A is running PPP over one piece of wire to node B and PPP =

> over another piece of wire to node C.

YEs, ok.

> These are different links even though the underlying L2 technology is
>  the same.

I think you mean to say 'the same technology' to mean it has the same =

name, like =FAsb', like a ptp link1 over usb and another ptp link2 over =

another usb.  I think you didn't mean to say that two point to point =

links connect over the same medium which looks as ptp from some point to =

another of its points, but shared from some other points to other points =

within same medium.  Such a medium doesn't exist.  Or it's a badly =

formed incomprehensible medium.

> IP connects the links.

Yes, provided the links are each well formed.  Cables that
intermittently connect because of false contacts are not links well
formed and IP can't help with it.

> The more I think about it, the more I am inclined to say that there
> is no such thing as "a MANET link". Instead, a node sees a
> time-varying collection of links, one per node it can reach. The
> slightly odd thing (and infinite source of confusion) is that several
> of these links can be accessed through the same physical interface.

That gets indeed complex :-)

Alex


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Teco Boot wrote:
>> One first needs to build a link-layer network before being able to 
>> run IP over it.  This draft's Figure 3 B-C-D is not such a 
>> link-layer network.
> 
> The manet-linktype I-D describes the behavior as briefly discussed in
>  RFC4861 section 2.2. Link Types, asymmetric reachability.

I've always wondered what does the rfc4861 asymetricity mean in practice
with respect to IPv6 over Ethernet rfc2464 and wifi.

>>> There are many solutions, and running a MANET routing protocol is
>>>  just one of them.
>> 
>> I don't agree.  MANET routing protocol runs at IP layer.  IP layer
>>  can't be used to build link-layer networks.  To build link-layer 
>> networks one uses link-layer tools.  A humble opinion that is.
> 
> MANET routing protocols provide L3 connectivity over link-layer types
>  with asymmetric reachability. No one said that MANET routing 
> protocols would be used for to build link-layer networks

Figure 3 B-C-D of draft-clausen doesn't say an 'asymmetric' link but 
more like an on-off diode type of link whereby B can reach C, C D but B 
can not reach D.  For wifi that's a badly formed link, needs a mac 
repeater or a longer range device.  MANET routing protocols are not for it.

For that matter, the draft doesn't say 'asymmetric' anywhere...

> See also RFC4861 Appendix B, last item, on ND over link types with 
> asymmetric and non-transitive reachability.

The appendix of rfc4861 ND says:
> Possible extensions for future [ND] study are:
[...]
>     o Adding additional procedures for links where asymmetric and non-
>       transitive reachability is part of normal operations.  Such
>       procedures might allow hosts and routers to find usable paths on,
>       e.g., radio links.

Draft-clausen doesn't cite ND rfc4861.

AUTOCONF tries to autoconfigure stuff, not to improve ND.

It looks difficult to discern.

Alex


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> I think you didn't mean to say that two point to point
> links connect over the same medium which looks as ptp from some point
> to
> another of its points, but shared from some other points to other
> points
> within same medium.  Such a medium doesn't exist.  Or it's a badly
> formed incomprehensible medium.

Strongly disagree.

Teco.


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> >> One first needs to build a link-layer network before being able to
> >> run IP over it.  This draft's Figure 3 B-C-D is not such a
> >> link-layer network.
> >
> > The manet-linktype I-D describes the behavior as briefly discussed in
> >  RFC4861 section 2.2. Link Types, asymmetric reachability.
> 
> I've always wondered what does the rfc4861 asymetricity mean in
> practice
> with respect to IPv6 over Ethernet rfc2464 and wifi.

There is more on this planet that you are aware of:-)


> >>> There are many solutions, and running a MANET routing protocol is
> >>>  just one of them.
> >>
> >> I don't agree.  MANET routing protocol runs at IP layer.  IP layer
> >>  can't be used to build link-layer networks.  To build link-layer
> >> networks one uses link-layer tools.  A humble opinion that is.
> >
> > MANET routing protocols provide L3 connectivity over link-layer types
> >  with asymmetric reachability. No one said that MANET routing
> > protocols would be used for to build link-layer networks
> 
> Figure 3 B-C-D of draft-clausen doesn't say an 'asymmetric' link but
> more like an on-off diode type of link whereby B can reach C, C D but B
> can not reach D.

OK, multiple terms are used for the same meaning. Asymmetric is used where
others use unidirectional. See recent postings on this topic.


> For wifi that's a badly formed link, needs a mac
> repeater or a longer range device.  MANET routing protocols are not for
> it.

Strongly disagree.



> For that matter, the draft doesn't say 'asymmetric' anywhere...

Strongly disagree.
Please reread the draft, especially section 6.


> > See also RFC4861 Appendix B, last item, on ND over link types with
> > asymmetric and non-transitive reachability.
> 
> The appendix of rfc4861 ND says:
> > Possible extensions for future [ND] study are:
> [...]
> >     o Adding additional procedures for links where asymmetric and
> non-
> >       transitive reachability is part of normal operations.  Such
> >       procedures might allow hosts and routers to find usable paths
> on,
> >       e.g., radio links.
> 
> Draft-clausen doesn't cite ND rfc4861.
> 
> AUTOCONF tries to autoconfigure stuff, not to improve ND.
> 
> It looks difficult to discern.

ND RFC is cited in the Autoconf charter, so is SLAAC (RFCs 2461, 2462).


I think you have "traditional IP networks" (cited from charter) in mind.
Please try to understand what a MANET really is.


Teco.



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From: "Dearlove, Christopher (UK)" <chris.dearlove@baesystems.com>
To: "Alexandru Petrescu" <alexandru.petrescu@gmail.com>,
	"Teco Boot" <teco@inf-net.nl>
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> Figure 3 B-C-D of draft-clausen doesn't say an 'asymmetric' link but 
> more like an on-off diode type of link whereby B can reach C, C D but
B 
> can not reach D.  For wifi that's a badly formed link, needs a mac 
> repeater or a longer range device.  MANET routing protocols are not
for it.

In many scenarios we don't have the luxury of installing MAC repeaters
etc. we have to live with what we have and make best use of it. In this
context, make best use means construct a MANET.

That MANET may not use asymmetrically available links. But it will
have to cope with that they may exist. In particular 802.11 broadcast
(which you may need to find otherwise unknown neighbours) may have such
propagation.

OLSRv2, for example, creates a network that only uses symmetric links.
But the NHDP component of it has to work even though links may be
asymmetric. NHDP would be a lot simpler if node A, on receiving
from node B could know that it could send to node B without having
to verify that. But of course it can't.

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I'd like to start a discussion thread on the naming of this draft/ 
linktype.

I don't think that MANET should be in the name of the linktype. The  
characteristics and constraints of a linktype are not MANET specific.

(I'd also like to repeat that MANET routing protocols will work quite  
happily over other link types as well.)

I would rather describe these links as "non-reflexive and non- 
transitive (wireless) links". I'd also be happy with a nice acronym,  
like NBMA or UDLR.

I'm interested in your thoughts. How do you think we should refer to  
this linktype?

Ian

On Nov 4, 2008, at 4:51 AM, Thomas Heide Clausen wrote:

> Folks,
>
> As you know, we need to make progress on the architectural issues,  
> before we can hope to make progress on other matters within this WG.  
> One of the requests that have been made to us has been to "describe  
> the MANET Link Type", and so I have written together a strawman text  
> to this effect:
>
> 	http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-clausen-manet-linktype-00.txt
>
> Feedback is, obviously, welcome -- preferably on the list such that  
> we could be prepared spend time on this also in MN.
>
> Note, however, that this is an individual I-D.
>
> I'd also like to draw your collective attention to:
>
> 	http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-iab-ip-model-evolution-01.txt
>
> Which has served as a source of inspiration for the linktype text.
>
> Thanks,
>
> Thomas
> _______________________________________________
> Autoconf mailing list
> Autoconf@ietf.org
> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/autoconf

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On Nov 18, 2008, at 12:57 PM, Ian Chakeres wrote:

> I'd like to start a discussion thread on the naming of this draft/ 
> linktype.
>
> I don't think that MANET should be in the name of the linktype. The  
> characteristics and constraints of a linktype are not MANET specific.
>
> (I'd also like to repeat that MANET routing protocols will work  
> quite happily over other link types as well.)
>

Just to point out: the above is explicitly stated in the document, so  
I hope that the parenthesis that Ian bring up is clear enough since  
it's a very important point.

> I would rather describe these links as "non-reflexive and non- 
> transitive (wireless) links". I'd also be happy with a nice  
> acronym, like NBMA or UDLR.
>
> I'm interested in your thoughts. How do you think we should refer  
> to this linktype?

In truth, I have no feelings either way on this matter.

As it is, the document is only an individual submission, and does as  
such not represent any official position of the IETF or indeed of any  
working group.

Should a working group wish to adopt the document (and I note from  
the autoconf mailing list discussions that, at least to this IETF  
participant, there seems to be no clear consensus in that direction  
within the autoconf working group, at least), and should that working  
group wish for an alternative name, I would a priori not have any  
objections.

Thomas


> Ian
>
> On Nov 4, 2008, at 4:51 AM, Thomas Heide Clausen wrote:
>
>> Folks,
>>
>> As you know, we need to make progress on the architectural issues,  
>> before we can hope to make progress on other matters within this  
>> WG. One of the requests that have been made to us has been to  
>> "describe the MANET Link Type", and so I have written together a  
>> strawman text to this effect:
>>
>> 	http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-clausen-manet- 
>> linktype-00.txt
>>
>> Feedback is, obviously, welcome -- preferably on the list such  
>> that we could be prepared spend time on this also in MN.
>>
>> Note, however, that this is an individual I-D.
>>
>> I'd also like to draw your collective attention to:
>>
>> 	http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-iab-ip-model- 
>> evolution-01.txt
>>
>> Which has served as a source of inspiration for the linktype text.
>>
>> Thanks,
>>
>> Thomas
>> _______________________________________________
>> Autoconf mailing list
>> Autoconf@ietf.org
>> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/autoconf
>

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> I don't think that MANET should be in the name of the linktype. The  
> characteristics and constraints of a linktype are not MANET specific.

This is true.

> (I'd also like to repeat that MANET routing protocols will work quite

> happily over other link types as well.)

Except that the definition here is inclusive, i.e. it (by intent)
includes those linktypes.

> I would rather describe these links as "non-reflexive and non- 
> transitive (wireless) links". I'd also be happy with a nice acronym,  
> like NBMA or UDLR.

Except that the point (I believe) is to support the MANET architecture
document, so it can't be just about the difficult links. And links may
be
non-symmetric (not non-reflexive, see earlier posts) and/or
non-transitive,
they don't have to be both. (A fully acknowledgement based L2 might
be symmetric but non-transitive, for example. I have to admit I don't
have a non-contrived non-symmetric but transitive example.)

I think you're in danger of simultaneously narrowing and widening the
scope (narrower, because only talking about the "bad" links, wider
because not just talking about MANETs) so that it isn't obviously
supporting the MANET architecture document.

What I don't know is if the intent is to agree on "this is what MANET
links are like, and turn it into an RFC the architecture document
depends on, or to use it as a stalking horse to get agreement on what
a MANET link is, and then incorporate that into the MANET architecture
document. In the latter case, considering anything but MANET links is
a red herring, in the former case, yes, it could (but doesn't have to
be) less MANET specific.


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At 20:57 08/11/18, Ian Chakeres wrote:
>I'd like to start a discussion thread on the naming of this draft/ linktype.
>
>I don't think that MANET should be in the name of the linktype. The
>characteristics and constraints of a linktype are not MANET specific.
>
>(I'd also like to repeat that MANET routing protocols will work quite
>happily over other link types as well.)
>
>I would rather describe these links as "non-reflexive and non- 
>transitive (wireless) links". I'd also be happy with a nice acronym,
>like NBMA or UDLR.

I don't think that the introduction/definition of such a special 
link type is useful for MANET discussions, since MANET protocols can 
work on other link types such as the Ethernet. I rather think that 
it is important to make clear link assumptions or requirements to be 
used for MANET in general.

My sugestions are as follows:

MANET protocols work on any link models,  where each interface has 
at least one other interface to/from which it can send/receive 
packets. These neighbors may change over time.

The link models given above of course inculde the Ethernet model as 
the special case. They also inculde non-reflexive and /or 
non-transitive links you defined.

Kenichi


>I'm interested in your thoughts. How do you think we should refer to
>this linktype?
>
>Ian
>
>On Nov 4, 2008, at 4:51 AM, Thomas Heide Clausen wrote:
>
>>Folks,
>>
>>As you know, we need to make progress on the architectural issues,
>>before we can hope to make progress on other matters within this WG.
>>One of the requests that have been made to us has been to "describe
>>the MANET Link Type", and so I have written together a strawman text
>>to this effect:
>>
>> 
>> http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-clausen-manet-linktype-00.txt
>>
>>Feedback is, obviously, welcome -- preferably on the list such that
>>we could be prepared spend time on this also in MN.
>>
>>Note, however, that this is an individual I-D.
>>
>>I'd also like to draw your collective attention to:
>>
>> 
>> http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-iab-ip-model-evolution-01.txt
>>
>>Which has served as a source of inspiration for the linktype text.
>>
>>Thanks,
>>
>>Thomas
>>_______________________________________________
>>Autoconf mailing list
>>Autoconf@ietf.org
>>https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/autoconf
>
>_______________________________________________
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From: "Velt, R. (Ronald) in 't" <Ronald.intVelt@tno.nl>
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Hi Ian, 

> -----Original Message-----
> From: autoconf-bounces@ietf.org 
> [mailto:autoconf-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of Ian Chakeres
> Sent: dinsdag 18 november 2008 12:58
> To: autoconf@ietf.org
> Cc: Thomas Heide Clausen
> Subject: Re: [Autoconf] draft-clausen-manet-linktype - naming
> 
> I'd like to start a discussion thread on the naming of this 
> draft/ linktype.

Shouldn't we agree first that there actually is a link type "previously
known as MANET link"? My working definition for a link would be the one
Dave Thaler gives in draft-iab-ip-model-evolution-01:

"A "link" in the IP service model refers to the topological area within
which a packet with an IPv4 TTL or IPv6 Hop Limit of 1 can be
delivered." (Inherited from RFC4903, but reworded slightly).

Non-transitivity does not seem to fit this definition?
 
> 
> I don't think that MANET should be in the name of the 
> linktype. The characteristics and constraints of a linktype 
> are not MANET specific.

Strictly speaking, you are right. But: "what's in a name?".

> 
> (I'd also like to repeat that MANET routing protocols will 
> work quite happily over other link types as well.)

IMHO, that point has been made ad nauseam in previous Autoconf sessions.
(In Philadelphia, in particular). It is true of course, but what does it
prove? We already had those other link types covered; they are not what
MANET protocols were designed for. MANET protocols come into their own
when used over these special <new name> links.
 
> 
> I would rather describe these links as "non-reflexive and 
> non- transitive (wireless) links". I'd also be happy with a 
> nice acronym, like NBMA or UDLR.
> 
> I'm interested in your thoughts. How do you think we should 
> refer to this linktype?

Sorry, can't think of a cute acronym right now...

Ronald
> 
> Ian
> 
> On Nov 4, 2008, at 4:51 AM, Thomas Heide Clausen wrote:
> 
> > Folks,
> >
> > As you know, we need to make progress on the architectural issues, 
> > before we can hope to make progress on other matters within this WG.
> > One of the requests that have been made to us has been to "describe 
> > the MANET Link Type", and so I have written together a 
> strawman text 
> > to this effect:
> >
> > 	
> > 
> http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-clausen-manet-linktype-00.tx
> > t
> >
> > Feedback is, obviously, welcome -- preferably on the list 
> such that we 
> > could be prepared spend time on this also in MN.
> >
> > Note, however, that this is an individual I-D.
> >
> > I'd also like to draw your collective attention to:
> >
> > 	
> > 
> http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-iab-ip-model-evolution-01.tx
> > t
> >
> > Which has served as a source of inspiration for the linktype text.
> >
> > Thanks,
> >
> > Thomas
> > _______________________________________________
> > Autoconf mailing list
> > Autoconf@ietf.org
> > https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/autoconf
> 
> _______________________________________________
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>> I don't think that MANET should be in the name of the linktype. The
>> characteristics and constraints of a linktype are not MANET specific.


I agree too. Here's one way to see things:

what is special about these links, is that their properties vary more
than usual:
(i) over time, and
(ii) between different instances of links of the type.

So all the protocols running above these links must be more
"opportunistic" than usual. Which basically means: within a short window
of opportunity, detect and take advantage (as much as possible)  of the
properties of such a link.

So maybe we could simply call this category of link "opportunistic
links"? What do you guys think?

Emmanuel

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This document plus discussions with Dave helped me understand why it 
made sense to define link as within radio reachability:

http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-culler-6lowpan-architecture-00

Some more details are explained in
http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-shelby-6lowpan-nd-01

I think there are some details about the definition of link that isn't 
explicit anywhere.

One possible definition is a unidirectional one:
N2 is on the same link as N3 iff N2 can hear packets that N3 sends

Another possible definition is to require that they can hear each other.


What is important to me is that there is a way for an application that 
is part of the control plane, be it an implementation of a routing 
protocol, or an implementation of some (address) configuration protocol, 
or something else, has a mechanism by which it can reach its radio-hop 
neighbors. To me it makes sense to define "link" in such a way that 
link-local unicast/multicast can be used to ensure that packets only 
reach the radio-hop neighbors.

The other part that is important to me is that the IP TTL can be used to 
limit the effect of transient routing loops. This implies that the 
routers must decrement ttl.

Finally, from the perspective of local mobility it makes sense to define 
the subnet prefix as a domain of address allocation where a node can get 
an address allocated in that prefix and then use it as it moves around 
inside the domain.

One implication of the above is that it doesn't make sense to announce 
any on-link prefix in Router Advertisements for these types of networks. 
(Depending on how address allocation is done it may or may not make 
sense to advertise prefixes with the "addrconf" bit set in RAs.)

Another implication is that nodes that are in the same subnet prefix 
will see TTL decrement when sending packets to each other. I don't know 
what impact that has on applications, but since the subnet prefix isn't 
advertised as "on-link" the prefix wouldn't be visible to applications 
in the OS platforms I'm familiar with.

    Erik

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> what is special about these links, is that their properties vary more
> than usual:
> (i) over time, and
> (ii) between different instances of links of the type.

I think those are of secondary importance. It's the (possible)
non-symmetry, non-transitivity that's of primary importance.

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At 18:42 08/11/19, Dearlove, Christopher (UK) wrote:
> > what is special about these links, is that their properties vary more
> > than usual:
> > (i) over time, and
> > (ii) between different instances of links of the type.
>
>I think those are of secondary importance. It's the (possible)
>non-symmetry, non-transitivity that's of primary importance.

The real problem (or confusion), I think, is that when you say 
non-transitivity, you assume that all three nodes are on the same 
link. However, there are others who don't think that they are.

Kenichi



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> The real problem (or confusion), I think, is that when you say 
> non-transitivity, you assume that all three nodes are on the same 
> link. However, there are others who don't think that they are.

I don't think that's my assumption.

It's more fundamental than what you call a link. It's that if
A's transmissions can reach B, and B's transmissions can reach C,
but A's transmissions can't reach C, then we have non-transitivity.
That's the usual case with wireless transmissions (to be precise,
it's the usual case that A's transmissions may or may not reach C).

Thus either A, B and C can't be on one link (if your model of a
link is as Ethernet) or you need a different model of what a link
is, and can consider A and B to have a link, and B and C to have
a link (but not A and C). For MANETs the latter may be more useful.
But the non-transitivity is there, whatever definitions you choose.

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At 21:23 08/11/19, Dearlove, Christopher (UK) wrote:

> > The real problem (or confusion), I think, is that when you say
> > non-transitivity, you assume that all three nodes are on the same
> > link. However, there are others who don't think that they are.
>
>I don't think that's my assumption.
>
>It's more fundamental than what you call a link. It's that if
>A's transmissions can reach B, and B's transmissions can reach C,
>but A's transmissions can't reach C, then we have non-transitivity.
>That's the usual case with wireless transmissions (to be precise,
>it's the usual case that A's transmissions may or may not reach C).
>
>Thus either A, B and C can't be on one link (if your model of a
>link is as Ethernet) or you need a different model of what a link
>is, and can consider A and B to have a link, and B and C to have
>a link (but not A and C). For MANETs the latter may be more useful.
>But the non-transitivity is there, whatever definitions you choose.

If there is the non-transitivity regardless of the link model or 
assumption, how does it help to discuss or define any link model for MANETs?

Kenichi



>********************************************************************
>This email and any attachments are confidential to the intended
>recipient and may also be privileged. If you are not the intended
>recipient please delete it from your system and notify the sender.
>You should not copy it or use it for any purpose nor disclose or
>distribute its contents to any other person.
>********************************************************************


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	"'mase'" <mase@ie.niigata-u.ac.jp>,
	"'Emmanuel Baccelli'" <Emmanuel.Baccelli@inria.fr>, <autoconf@ietf.org>
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Date: Wed, 19 Nov 2008 14:41:42 +0100
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Subject: Re: [Autoconf] draft-clausen-manet-linktype - naming
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> > The real problem (or confusion), I think, is that when you say
> > non-transitivity, you assume that all three nodes are on the same
> > link. However, there are others who don't think that they are.
> 
> I don't think that's my assumption.
> 
> It's more fundamental than what you call a link. It's that if
> A's transmissions can reach B, and B's transmissions can reach C,
> but A's transmissions can't reach C, then we have non-transitivity.
> That's the usual case with wireless transmissions (to be precise,
> it's the usual case that A's transmissions may or may not reach C).
> 
> Thus either A, B and C can't be on one link (if your model of a
> link is as Ethernet) or you need a different model of what a link
> is, and can consider A and B to have a link, and B and C to have
> a link (but not A and C). For MANETs the latter may be more useful.
> But the non-transitivity is there, whatever definitions you choose.

Agreed this a definition issue.
In the Autoconf meeting, there was consensus on defining a xxx link type
(name tbd), where different links are on the same interface. I think we can
assume that the medium is shared (we are on the same electro-magnetic
spectrum), but the degree of interference is not known on forehand (e.g.
TDMA vs. CSMA/CA).



The 802 series of standards could be helpful as a reference. The STDs refer
to RFCs, why do we have some asymmetry here?

Useful ones:

IEEE802.1-2001 (section 6.3.3.describes usage of routers and the IP
protocol)

IEEE802.11-2007 (too many sections to list here)

This is an interesting one:
>>> 3.16 basic service set (BSS):
<skip>   Membership in a BSS does not imply
that wireless communication with all other members of the BSS is possible.
<<<

And this one:
>>> 3.76 link:
In the context of an IEEE 802.11 medium access control (MAC) entity, a
physical path consisting
of exactly one traversal of the wireless medium (WM) that is used to
transfer an MAC service data unit
(MSDU) between two stations (STAs).
<<<
(this would exclude broadcast MSDU, which is not the case)



Another comment on naming:
I think we have two task. One of them is describing this "ad hoc wireless
link". 802.11 definitions could be used, maybe some can come up with other
refs. But in a MANET, multiple link types can be used. Think of an Ethernet
cable connecting two radios "back-to-back" or using alternative radios with
lower frequency / lower bandwidth / more Tx power / increased range. I think
it helps to write down something on "MANET topologies".



Just repeating myself:
Lets postpone IP addressing and ND issues until we are familiar with MANETs
that are out there.


Teco.
 

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From: "Dearlove, Christopher (UK)" <chris.dearlove@baesystems.com>
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> If there is the non-transitivity regardless of the link model or 
> assumption, how does it help to discuss or define any link model
> for MANETs?

First you recognise that you have non-transitivity.
Then you decide what your link model should be that handles that.

This is as opposed to when you have transitivity (and symmetry).
Then you have a wider range of possible link models.

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From autoconf-bounces@ietf.org  Wed Nov 19 06:03:38 2008
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I think it is important that we have a clear understanding of the situation,
on who is doing what. And on the status of the MANET architecture document.
I suggest having a short, informal and non-technical meeting. The outcome
could be a small design team working on a new document, to be released soon.
What about a rendezvous after the MANET meeting? We can schedule another
time and place if we want to.
Teco.

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Subject: Re: [Autoconf] Non-transitivity as issue
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Dearlove, Christopher (UK) wrote:
>> The real problem (or confusion), I think, is that when you say 
>> non-transitivity, you assume that all three nodes are on the same 
>> link. However, there are others who don't think that they are.
> 
> I don't think that's my assumption.
> 
> It's more fundamental than what you call a link. It's that if A's
> transmissions can reach B, and B's transmissions can reach C, but A's
> transmissions can't reach C, then we have non-transitivity.

In that sense, and from ND perspective, Internet is non-transitive:
one's laptop reaches one's router, router reaches its next-hop router,
but one's latop doesn't reach that latter router.

I think it largely depends on where from we look at problems, from phy
layer, from mac layer, from network layer, etc.  One could find problems
if crossing layers, and cross-layer solutions, it's very sensitive.

Alex

> That's the usual case with wireless transmissions (to be precise, 
> it's the usual case that A's transmissions may or may not reach C).
> 
> Thus either A, B and C can't be on one link (if your model of a link
> is as Ethernet) or you need a different model of what a link is, and
> can consider A and B to have a link, and B and C to have a link (but
> not A and C). For MANETs the latter may be more useful. But the
> non-transitivity is there, whatever definitions you choose.
> 
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> In that sense, and from ND perspective, Internet is non-transitive:
> one's laptop reaches one's router, router reaches its next-hop router,
> but one's latop doesn't reach that latter router.

True, but there are small pieces of it that are transitive (and
other good things). And those are the small pieces (e.g. one
Ethernet) that are considered links, set up as subnets, run ND,
and all those things.

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From: Thomas Narten <narten@us.ibm.com>
Subject: [Autoconf] link definitions
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It is very important that we are clear and precise about
terminology. I suspect that 80% of the confusion we have had stems
from folk using terminology loosely, causing the listener to think
something completely different from what the speaker intends. (I saw
clear examples of this in yesterday's meeting). That helps no one and
keeps us going in circles.

Let's start with "link". Even the term "link" is unclear. Are we
talking about an "IP link" or what most of us would consider an "L2
link"? (They are not necessarily the same.)

>From RFC 2460, link is defined as:

   link        - a communication facility or medium over which nodes can
                 communicate at the link layer, i.e., the layer
                 immediately below IPv6.  Examples are Ethernets (simple
                 or bridged); PPP links; X.25, Frame Relay, or ATM
                 networks; and internet (or higher) layer "tunnels",
                 such as tunnels over IPv4 or IPv6 itself.

What is unstated (but assumed) above is that all the nodes in the link
can reach each other. Note also that the above is really an L2
definition. It means that a node attached to the link can send a
packet to another node on the link (and vice versa). How that is done
(whether via a shared wire, or via packet switches doing routing, a
bridged ethernet, etc.) doesn't matter. The important thing is the
abstraction, that every node on the link can reach every other node on
the link.

If we up-level to what IP sees, an "IP link" has a similar
definition. It is assumed that all nodes on the link can directly send
an IP datagram to another node on the link, and it will get
delivered. Whether the underlying link has bridges/packet
switches/etc. doesn't matter. From IP's perspective, it sends a packet
and it gets deliverd without the TTL being decremented. That is what
IP cares about.

Also, by definition. for an "IP link", link-local multicast/broadcast
means that the packet is delivered everywhere without decrementing a
TTL. It has never made sense to me to say that "IP-level LL broadcast"
doesn't work in a MANET, because that is calling something an "IP
link" that does not have the properties to be a "IP link" in the
normal sense.

When talking about a "MANET link", we should (first) be talking about
what is happening below IP (i.e., either  at L2, or maybe L2.5, if one
wants to think of running the MANET protocols over the interface to
provide IP with an "IP link" abstraction). Exactly what are the
features of such a link?

A key question is what is the definition of a MANET Link? Previous
documents/conversations have suggested to me that some folk want to
make the entire collection of nodes running MANET form a MANET link. 

Looking at chart 37 of ThomasC's presentation yesterday, for example,
is the entire white cloud (i.e. all the routers) considered to be one
link? To me that raises the following questions:

If the entire cloud is a link, why are we doing that? What desireable
properties result from that? How does it make solving our problems any
easier?

If instead, we view the white cloud as collection of individual links
(e.g., with a link defined by the set of neighbors within radio range
of each other), we get a very different link model. This model
presumably also has some important properties. What are they? How do
they compare to the other model?  Does the model make it easier or
harder to solve certain problems?

To me, the narrower defintion of a link seems more natural because I I
have a good idea of how to map that into the "IP link" model in a way
that is compatable with existing IP assumptions.

For the former model to work with IP, we may well need to have a
sub-layer between the raw links and IP that convert the raw links
into an abstract link that has the properties that IP assumes will be
there (like bi-directional connectivity). Neither model is "right" or
"wrong", its just that they have different implications and
engineering tradeoffs.

In my mind, the excercise of defining a "MANET link" is all about
being able to talk about different abstract models (like the two
above) and then be able to talk (in specific engineering terms) about
which one makes more sense to use in trying to make IP work well over
MANETs.

Thomas
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Cc: autoconf@ietf.org, Emmanuel Baccelli <Emmanuel.Baccelli@inria.fr>
Subject: Re: [Autoconf] Non-transitivity as issue
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Dearlove, Christopher (UK) wrote:
>> In that sense, and from ND perspective, Internet is non-transitive:
>>  one's laptop reaches one's router, router reaches its next-hop 
>> router, but one's latop doesn't reach that latter router.
> 
> True, but there are small pieces of it that are transitive (and other
>  good things). And those are the small pieces (e.g. one Ethernet)
> that are considered links, set up as subnets, run ND, and all those 
> things.

I don't think we can consider an Ethernet cable to be transitive.

We can question the transitivity of two Ethernet cables: if they're
connected by a hub (mac repeater) then Ethernet is transitive.  If
they're connected by a PC not running forwarding nor bridging then the
two Ethernet cables are non-transitive.

It depends how they're connected.  For every wired and wireless
technology there are connectors solving the non-transitivity problems at
their particular layer.  YOu said previously  that in some instances
such connectors are not available.  Maybe we can insist describing these 
cases, thus motivating the need.

Alex

> 
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> I don't think we can consider an Ethernet cable to be transitive.
> 
> We can question the transitivity of two Ethernet cables: if they're
> connected by a hub (mac repeater) then Ethernet is transitive.  If
> they're connected by a PC not running forwarding nor bridging then the
> two Ethernet cables are non-transitive.
> 
> It depends how they're connected.  For every wired and wireless
> technology there are connectors solving the non-transitivity problems
> at
> their particular layer.  YOu said previously  that in some instances
> such connectors are not available.  Maybe we can insist describing
> these
> cases, thus motivating the need.

Work is already been done in IEEE.
Teco.


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From: Thomas Heide Clausen <ietf@thomasclausen.org>
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To: Teco Boot <teco@inf-net.nl>
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Teco,

I will, unfortunately, not be able to attend such a meeting after  
MANET, as I have to fly back immediately as the meeting concludes.  
It's unfortunate, to be sure, but I support the idea of such a  
meeting 100%.

I'd like to ensure that if it takes place, then Shubhranshu will be  
there, and also that there be taken minutes which can be posted on  
the mailing list such that discussions can continue and be shared  
with those who're unable to attend the "crash meeting".

Sounds good?

Thomas

On Nov 19, 2008, at 15:03 PM, Teco Boot wrote:

> I think it is important that we have a clear understanding of the  
> situation,
> on who is doing what. And on the status of the MANET architecture  
> document.
> I suggest having a short, informal and non-technical meeting. The  
> outcome
> could be a small design team working on a new document, to be  
> released soon.
> What about a rendezvous after the MANET meeting? We can schedule  
> another
> time and place if we want to.
> Teco.
>
> _______________________________________________
> Autoconf mailing list
> Autoconf@ietf.org
> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/autoconf

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From: "Dearlove, Christopher (UK)" <chris.dearlove@baesystems.com>
To: "Alexandru Petrescu" <alexandru.petrescu@gmail.com>
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Alexander OPetrescu wrote:
>Dearlove, Christopher (UK) wrote:
>> And those are the small pieces (e.g. one Ethernet)
>> that are considered links, set up as subnets, run ND, and all those 
>> things.
>
> I don't think we can consider an Ethernet cable to be transitive.

> We can question the transitivity of two Ethernet cables:

I didn't say two, I said one. (OK, I didn't qualify by cable. Put it
in if you want it. And yes, of course one fails if too long, or badly
configured, but that's not the case I'm referring to either.)

> For every wired and wireless technology there are connectors solving
> the non-transitivity problems at their particular layer.

There may be connectors that may be available. They may not be.

> YOu said previously  that in some instances
> such connectors are not available.

I did, and I do. For any radio system with a range X (yes, I know
things aren't usually that simple) if we deploy A, B, C in a line
at a spacing of 3X/4, A and C can't communicate directly. And there
are many cases where that's the problem, you can't add anything else.
But A and C need to communicate. Fine, that's what the whole MANET
concept is about. But if we are going to do it using IP, we need,
if we are going to do it in an IETF-specified way, to go down the
route we're on to define interfaces and link types and all those
things. But whatever we do, there's one thing we are stuck with,
and that is that A and C can't communicate directly. At the physical
layer, up to whatever layer we implement the MANET at, there will
be two transmissions to get information from A to C. If the MANET
is at L2, most of the L3 problems are solved (but they are still
someone's problem). But the MANET WG, and by extension the Autoconf
WG, is about doing the MANET at L3, and hence we have the problem.

I think this branch has become a blind alley, and I'll leave it
here.

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Dearlove, Christopher (UK) wrote:
> Alexander OPetrescu wrote:
>> Dearlove, Christopher (UK) wrote:
>>> And those are the small pieces (e.g. one Ethernet) that are 
>>> considered links, set up as subnets, run ND, and all those 
>>> things.
>> I don't think we can consider an Ethernet cable to be transitive.
> 
>> We can question the transitivity of two Ethernet cables:
> 
> I didn't say two, I said one. (OK, I didn't qualify by cable. Put it
>  in if you want it. And yes, of course one fails if too long, or
> badly configured, but that's not the case I'm referring to either.)
> 
>> For every wired and wireless technology there are connectors 
>> solving the non-transitivity problems at their particular layer.
> 
> There may be connectors that may be available. They may not be.
> 
>> YOu said previously  that in some instances such connectors are not
>>  available.
> 
> I did, and I do. For any radio system with a range X (yes, I know 
> things aren't usually that simple) if we deploy A, B, C in a line at 
> a spacing of 3X/4, A and C can't communicate directly.

I agree.  And for any digital wired system they have max lenghts of
transmission; eg Ethernet maximum is 150m IIRC - if we deploy a cable
longer than 150m with a host in the middle there's non-transitivity issue.

Fiber has similar limitations in cable length above which one needs
repeater.  USB and FireWire too.

If when we say 'radio' we think signals travel through copper as radio
waves, because they are waves with frequencies, then we equate the
non-transitivity issue to cables too - which is a paradox: cables are
non-transitive radio systems?  This is where I believe it's biting its 
queue, because a too strong belief in that radio is something different 
may lead to paradoxes.

For clarification: I believe despite its mentioning in
authoritative books, the non-transitivity aspects are irrelevant to WiFi 
and IP.

> And there are many cases where that's the problem, you can't add 
> anything else. But A and C need to communicate. Fine, that's what the
>  whole MANET concept is about. But if we are going to do it using IP,
>  we need, if we are going to do it in an IETF-specified way, to go 
> down the route we're on to define interfaces and link types and all 
> those things. But whatever we do, there's one thing we are stuck 
> with, and that is that A and C can't communicate directly. At the 
> physical layer, up to whatever layer we implement the MANET at, there
>  will be two transmissions to get information from A to C. If the 
> MANET is at L2, most of the L3 problems are solved (but they are 
> still someone's problem).
>
> But the MANET WG, and by extension the Autoconf WG, is about doing
> the MANET at L3, and hence we have the problem.

This is where we may may have another big misunderstanding.  If AUTOCONF 
is all about MANET WG then I think I should stop posting here.

> I think this branch has become a blind alley, and I'll leave it here.

Well, I believe too, thanks for the mail.  I think I'm not in 
disagreement with you to say that we completely disagree on the 
non-transitivity being or not being an issue.

Alex

> 
> 
> 
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> recipient and may also be privileged. If you are not the intended 
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From: "Dearlove, Christopher (UK)" <chris.dearlove@baesystems.com>
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>> But the MANET WG, and by extension the Autoconf WG, is about doing
>> the MANET at L3, and hence we have the problem.

> This is where we may may have another big misunderstanding.  If
AUTOCONF 
> is all about MANET WG then I think I should stop posting here.

Again, you misinterpret what I said. I said Autoconf is about
MANETs at L3, not about MANET WG. Though right now the Autoconf
task is a MANET architecture, and that must be consistent with
the MANET WG (or if you prefer, the MANET WG should be consistent
with it). Obviously Autoconf will do different work to the MANET WG.

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From: "Seung Yi" <scicarus@gmail.com>
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Subject: [Autoconf] Why the link definition?
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During the meeting yesterday, Thomas Clausen mentioned that there were
a group of people who requested for the MANET link definition in a
previous IETF meeting. Maybe it's just me but could someone clarify
why one would need such a definition?

As far as I'm concerned, I had no problem working on a MANET
autoconfiguration design while considering a radio range (say,
something like a 3D sphere for an omni radio like 802.11) as the
replacement of a link. Only that, this new "link" had quite a few
non-traditional characteristics such as, (1) the fact I can reach node
B (therefore consider node B is on the link I'm on) doesn't mean I am
on the link he's on, or some would describe as link asymmetry, and (2)
the membership of other nodes on the link I'm on can change frequently
and drastically. ND works when the network condition allows two nodes
to actually share a view (or they can reach each other) and fails
otherwise, which is completely fine because "neighbors" can be
considered as two nodes that can reach each other at a point in time.
Flat routing works just fine also. Depending on the address
configuration, one can configure such a MANET as a set of nodes with
disjoint prefixes or as a multi-link subnet. BTW, as long as you have
a flat routing support, multi-link subnet works just fine. ND will not
discover all other nodes in the same subnet, but it'll still discover
all other nodes on the "link" I'm on. As mentioned in the meeting
yesterday, I also haven't yet run into any application misbehavior
because of the multi-link subnet configuration.

Is there any reason that two (or more) nodes need to share a common
view of a link to design anything?

Maybe these are basic questions but I just thought I would ask before
jumping into the discussion.

Thanks,

- Seung
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Thomas Narten wrote:
> It is very important that we are clear and precise about
> terminology. I suspect that 80% of the confusion we have had stems
> from folk using terminology loosely, causing the listener to think
> something completely different from what the speaker intends. (I saw
> clear examples of this in yesterday's meeting). That helps no one and
> keeps us going in circles.
> 
> Let's start with "link". Even the term "link" is unclear. Are we
> talking about an "IP link" or what most of us would consider an "L2
> link"? (They are not necessarily the same.)
> 
> From RFC 2460, link is defined as:
> 
>    link        - a communication facility or medium over which nodes can
>                  communicate at the link layer, i.e., the layer
>                  immediately below IPv6.  Examples are Ethernets (simple
>                  or bridged); PPP links; X.25, Frame Relay, or ATM
>                  networks; and internet (or higher) layer "tunnels",
>                  such as tunnels over IPv4 or IPv6 itself.
> 
> What is unstated (but assumed) above is that all the nodes in the link
> can reach each other. Note also that the above is really an L2
> definition.

Are you renaming the above term "link" to be named "IP link"?

> It means that a node attached to the link can send a
> packet to another node on the link (and vice versa). How that is done
> (whether via a shared wire, or via packet switches doing routing, a
> bridged ethernet, etc.) doesn't matter. The important thing is the
> abstraction, that every node on the link can reach every other node on
> the link.

By "packet" are you talking about an (arbitrary) L2 frame, i.e., 
something which might not be an IP packet?

> If we up-level to what IP sees, an "IP link" has a similar
> definition. It is assumed that all nodes on the link can directly send
> an IP datagram to another node on the link, and it will get
> delivered. Whether the underlying link has bridges/packet
> switches/etc. doesn't matter. From IP's perspective, it sends a packet
> and it gets deliverd without the TTL being decremented. That is what
> IP cares about.

AFAIU your use of "IP link" and "l2 link" I can't think of a useful case 
when they would differ. Do you see cases when they would differ?
(If there are L3 routers which forward packets without decrementing TTL 
then they would differ, but that is not useful and presumably violates 
the router requirements RFC.)

> Also, by definition. for an "IP link", link-local multicast/broadcast
> means that the packet is delivered everywhere without decrementing a
> TTL. It has never made sense to me to say that "IP-level LL broadcast"
> doesn't work in a MANET, because that is calling something an "IP
> link" that does not have the properties to be a "IP link" in the
> normal sense.

Agreed.

> When talking about a "MANET link", we should (first) be talking about
> what is happening below IP (i.e., either  at L2, or maybe L2.5, if one
> wants to think of running the MANET protocols over the interface to
> provide IP with an "IP link" abstraction). Exactly what are the
> features of such a link?
> 
> A key question is what is the definition of a MANET Link? Previous
> documents/conversations have suggested to me that some folk want to
> make the entire collection of nodes running MANET form a MANET link. 

I don't think we need a separate definition of a Manet Link.

> Looking at chart 37 of ThomasC's presentation yesterday, for example,
> is the entire white cloud (i.e. all the routers) considered to be one
> link? 

That doesn't make sense to me. I got the impression that this approach 
was taken to  try to preserve that a subnet prefix corresponds to a 
piece of topology where ttl isn't decremented, and I think that isn't 
something we need to preserve when the subnet prefix isn't advertised as 
"on link".

    Erik

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Comments: In-reply-to Erik Nordmark <erik.nordmark@sun.com>
	message dated "Wed, 19 Nov 2008 08:46:01 -0800."
Date: Wed, 19 Nov 2008 12:00:32 -0500
From: Thomas Narten <narten@us.ibm.com>
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Subject: Re: [Autoconf] link definitions
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Erik Nordmark <erik.nordmark@sun.com> writes:

> Thomas Narten wrote:
> > It is very important that we are clear and precise about
> > terminology. I suspect that 80% of the confusion we have had stems
> > from folk using terminology loosely, causing the listener to think
> > something completely different from what the speaker intends. (I saw
> > clear examples of this in yesterday's meeting). That helps no one and
> > keeps us going in circles.
> > 
> > Let's start with "link". Even the term "link" is unclear. Are we
> > talking about an "IP link" or what most of us would consider an "L2
> > link"? (They are not necessarily the same.)
> > 
> > From RFC 2460, link is defined as:
> > 
> >    link        - a communication facility or medium over which nodes can
> >                  communicate at the link layer, i.e., the layer
> >                  immediately below IPv6.  Examples are Ethernets (simple
> >                  or bridged); PPP links; X.25, Frame Relay, or ATM
> >                  networks; and internet (or higher) layer "tunnels",
> >                  such as tunnels over IPv4 or IPv6 itself.
> > 
> > What is unstated (but assumed) above is that all the nodes in the link
> > can reach each other. Note also that the above is really an L2
> > definition.

> Are you renaming the above term "link" to be named "IP link"?

Probably.. :-)

But I think it is useful to keep in mind that it is not a
_requirement_ to have a one-to-one mapping between an "IP link" and an
"L2 link". I don't think it makes sense in very many (if any?) cases,
but one difficulty I have had in understanding MANETs is that I don't
get a clear sense the WG has that agreement. (I'd love to learn I'm
wrong, of course).

> > It means that a node attached to the link can send a
> > packet to another node on the link (and vice versa). How that is done
> > (whether via a shared wire, or via packet switches doing routing, a
> > bridged ethernet, etc.) doesn't matter. The important thing is the
> > abstraction, that every node on the link can reach every other node on
> > the link.

> By "packet" are you talking about an (arbitrary) L2 frame, i.e., 
> something which might not be an IP packet?

Correct. But of course, if one were to send an IP packet in such an L2
frame, it would be delivered without the need to decrement the IP
TTL. 

> > If we up-level to what IP sees, an "IP link" has a similar
> > definition. It is assumed that all nodes on the link can directly send
> > an IP datagram to another node on the link, and it will get
> > delivered. Whether the underlying link has bridges/packet
> > switches/etc. doesn't matter. From IP's perspective, it sends a packet
> > and it gets deliverd without the TTL being decremented. That is what
> > IP cares about.

> AFAIU your use of "IP link" and "l2 link" I can't think of a useful case 
> when they would differ. Do you see cases when they would differ?

Well, in the autoconf discussions, I sometimes get the sense we are
talking about two different "links": one as viewed at the IP layer and
one that viewed from the perspective of describing a "manet link"
(more generically), where it is NOT immediately clear (to me) that
they are the same. I say that because at the MANET link level, there
is talk about packets being forwarded through intermediate routers
(with a decremented TTL), with this also somehow being an IP link
(which I think is not legal by the definition of an IP link per below).

> (If there are L3 routers which forward packets without decrementing TTL 
> then they would differ, but that is not useful and presumably violates 
> the router requirements RFC.)

> > Also, by definition. for an "IP link", link-local multicast/broadcast
> > means that the packet is delivered everywhere without decrementing a
> > TTL. It has never made sense to me to say that "IP-level LL broadcast"
> > doesn't work in a MANET, because that is calling something an "IP
> > link" that does not have the properties to be a "IP link" in the
> > normal sense.

> Agreed.

> > When talking about a "MANET link", we should (first) be talking about
> > what is happening below IP (i.e., either  at L2, or maybe L2.5, if one
> > wants to think of running the MANET protocols over the interface to
> > provide IP with an "IP link" abstraction). Exactly what are the
> > features of such a link?
> > 
> > A key question is what is the definition of a MANET Link? Previous
> > documents/conversations have suggested to me that some folk want to
> > make the entire collection of nodes running MANET form a MANET link. 

> I don't think we need a separate definition of a Manet Link.

Well, we need to agree whether they can be the same definition or not
(I'd prefer they are the same!). But if not, we get into the need to
describe the properties of such a link (which presumably do not match
the needed properties of an IP link) so that we can talk about how to
transform such a link into something IP can work across.

> > Looking at chart 37 of ThomasC's presentation yesterday, for example,
> > is the entire white cloud (i.e. all the routers) considered to be one
> > link? 

> That doesn't make sense to me. I got the impression that this approach 
> was taken to  try to preserve that a subnet prefix corresponds to a 
> piece of topology where ttl isn't decremented, and I think that isn't 
> something we need to preserve when the subnet prefix isn't advertised as 
> "on link".

Right. I think I agree with this as well.

But as always, the challenge has been whether the WG overall has a
consistent view/understanding of these sorts of key archtictural
points.

Thomas
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From autoconf-bounces@ietf.org  Wed Nov 19 09:40:51 2008
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> It is very important that we are clear and precise about
> terminology. I suspect that 80% of the confusion we have had stems
> from folk using terminology loosely, causing the listener to think
> something completely different from what the speaker intends. (I saw
> clear examples of this in yesterday's meeting). That helps no one and
> keeps us going in circles.
> 
> Let's start with "link". Even the term "link" is unclear. Are we
> talking about an "IP link" or what most of us would consider an "L2
> link"? (They are not necessarily the same.)
> 
> From RFC 2460, link is defined as:
> 
>    link        - a communication facility or medium over which nodes
> can
>                  communicate at the link layer, i.e., the layer
>                  immediately below IPv6.  Examples are Ethernets
> (simple
>                  or bridged); PPP links; X.25, Frame Relay, or ATM
>                  networks; and internet (or higher) layer "tunnels",
>                  such as tunnels over IPv4 or IPv6 itself.
> 
> What is unstated (but assumed) above is that all the nodes in the link
> can reach each other. Note also that the above is really an L2
> definition. It means that a node attached to the link can send a
> packet to another node on the link (and vice versa). How that is done
> (whether via a shared wire, or via packet switches doing routing, a
> bridged ethernet, etc.) doesn't matter. The important thing is the
> abstraction, that every node on the link can reach every other node on
> the link.

Although I agree this is the general case, there may be exceptions. Think of
private VLANs and hub&spoke NBMA networks where routers perform
spoke-to-spoke forwarding functions (hairpinning).

See also my posting on STD IEEE802.11-2007 on 3.16 (BSS), it clearly states
that the assumption is false. I think the issues is more related to IBSS
than BSS (or ESS).
For those who do not know, most 802 standards can be downloaded on:
http://standards.ieee.org/getieee802/

The question here is, do we want to support IPv6 on systems like 802.11 in
IBSS mode? 
I think: yes, we do.

Another question: do we want to repair asymmetric reachability (both
unidirectional and non-transitive) at the IP layer?
I think: yes we do, and that MANET protocols are designed doing so. I would
say this is for routers only, not for hosts.

Here may start some confusing. Because MANET protocol designers are so proud
on their efforts (thanks folks!), they may forget that there are
"well-behaving L2 systems" as well. And I can agree with the assumed
intention of Thomas Narten: solve problems at the layer that introduced it.
However, the question is: is this optimal?. I can demonstrate a layer-2
solution based on STP, but performance is not quite good. STP / RSTP is not
designed with mobility in mind. I am not the expert in 802.11s, but I assume
they reuse what is designed in the IETF MANET WG. And it is homogeneous.
An advantage of a L3-MANET is that a heterogeneous networking infrastructure
is supported. See also RFC2501 section 5.



> A key question is what is the definition of a MANET Link? Previous
> documents/conversations have suggested to me that some folk want to
> make the entire collection of nodes running MANET form a MANET link.

OK, we discussed this in the meeting and had consensus to step towards
defining a MANET link model that meets the IP link requirements, e.g.
link-local delivery, no TTL decrement and so on.

There was a comment on wording in RFC4861. 
   interface   - a node's attachment to a link.
                                        ^
The "a" hurts.
In RFC4861, a link is a "medium". Now, we decided to redefine this for
MANETs.



> If instead, we view the white cloud as collection of individual links
> (e.g., with a link defined by the set of neighbors within radio range
> of each other), we get a very different link model. This model
> presumably also has some important properties. What are they? How do
> they compare to the other model?  Does the model make it easier or
> harder to solve certain problems?

I tried to come up with a definition for "collection of individual links"
>>>
A MANET Interface has a single outbound unidirectional P2MP link to a set of
neighbors, a set of inbound unidirectional P2MP links from a set of
neighbors, a set of bi-directional P2P links with a set of neighbors and a
set of unidirectional P2P links from a set of neighbors. The sets of
neighbors and the link qualities vary over time and link metrics may be
asymmetric. Furthermore, links between the MANET Interfaces could be
non-transitive. A characteristic of MANET Links is interference, i.e. a
transmission from a MANET Interface could influence other MANET Links.
<<<

Maybe I should use broadcast instead of P2MP.


On "certain problems": the target of the MANET routing protocols is solve
those problems. This implies that there cannot be hosts on the MANET Link,
as hosts do not routing.




> In my mind, the excercise of defining a "MANET link" is all about
> being able to talk about different abstract models (like the two
> above) and then be able to talk (in specific engineering terms) about
> which one makes more sense to use in trying to make IP work well over
> MANETs.

Can we scope down towards trying to make MANET Routing Protocols work well?
For unicast routing, there are solutions and we are working on standard
track protocols.
For multicast routing, this is somewhat harder, but work in progress and
solutions are out there.
We have to work on link layer address resolving (ND), in my opinion this is
relatively easy.
And the real Autoconf work: Address Autoconfiguration with MANET and / or
globally unique addresses.


Teco.


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The thing that may be confusing people is that sometimes the link looks
like an ethernet, and the next minute it looks different (for example
you suddenly have no transitivity etc.).

So maybe the most important thing is in fact this dynamism in property,
which may be easier to explain. And thus the link model would fall out
as the "least common denominator" of all these possible properties.

Emmanuel



On Wed, Nov 19, 2008 at 2:45 PM, Dearlove, Christopher (UK)
<chris.dearlove@baesystems.com> wrote:

> If there is the non-transitivity regardless of the link model or
> assumption, how does it help to discuss or define any link model
> for MANETs?

First you recognise that you have non-transitivity.
Then you decide what your link model should be that handles that.

This is as opposed to when you have transitivity (and symmetry).
Then you have a wider range of possible link models.
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> > what is special about these links, is that their properties vary more
> > than usual:
> > (i) over time, and
> > (ii) between different instances of links of the type.
>
> I think those are of secondary importance. It's the (possible)
> non-symmetry, non-transitivity that's of primary importance.
>

I find this issue and the document in discussion to be quite confusing.  I see no reason to define such special links.  A link never has any guarantee of 'transitivity'.  It appears that the mental model being used is biased to experiences with LANs where the 'links' provide a fully connected graph of connectivity.  In general this is the special case. Transitivity is an unnecessary concept - it is however the type of connectivity that is the interesting edge condition for MANETs


Regards,

Paul

PS - only recently lurking so please excuse me if my confusion is due to lack of full context.


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Subject: Re: [Autoconf] link definitions
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Thomas Narten wrote:

> Well, in the autoconf discussions, I sometimes get the sense we are
> talking about two different "links": one as viewed at the IP layer and
> one that viewed from the perspective of describing a "manet link"
> (more generically), where it is NOT immediately clear (to me) that
> they are the same. I say that because at the MANET link level, there
> is talk about packets being forwarded through intermediate routers
> (with a decremented TTL), with this also somehow being an IP link
> (which I think is not legal by the definition of an IP link per below).

Yes, but I don't think that makes any sense.
But even if there was such a thing as a "manet link" my understanding is 
that it wouldn't match your definition of "IP link", since AFAIK the 
manet routers decrement ttl.

It is useful for manet, as well as 6lowpan, to have a prefix (which I 
think of a subnet prefix) span more than one link, because it allows 
nodes to move around inside the subnet without having to change their IP 
address and the whole think can be aggregated into a single route that 
is announced externally to the manet.

We have many of the parts we need for this (RAs don't have to advertise 
any on-link prefixes), but one would need to do duplicate address 
detection differently.

> Well, we need to agree whether they can be the same definition or not
> (I'd prefer they are the same!). But if not, we get into the need to
> describe the properties of such a link (which presumably do not match
> the needed properties of an IP link) so that we can talk about how to
> transform such a link into something IP can work across.

Agreed.

> But as always, the challenge has been whether the WG overall has a
> consistent view/understanding of these sorts of key archtictural
> points.

I can't speak for the WG, but to me there has been two pieces missing:
  - the motivation for why it makes sense to define the link as what is 
within radio reachability
  - the terminology confusion where manet has described things as not 
having/needing any "links" since they just use "interfaces".

Defining the link as "radio reachability" provides a definition which is 
both useful and consistent with (my understanding of) manet operational 
practices.

(Of course, one can additionally have links that are glued onto the 
manet routers; these are the links between the "H" and "R" in Thomas' 
presentation.)

    Erik

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>
> Thomas Narten wrote:
>
> > Well, in the autoconf discussions, I sometimes get the sense we are
> > talking about two different "links": one as viewed at the IP layer and
> > one that viewed from the perspective of describing a "manet link"
> > (more generically), where it is NOT immediately clear (to me) that
> > they are the same. I say that because at the MANET link level, there
> > is talk about packets being forwarded through intermediate routers
> > (with a decremented TTL), with this also somehow being an IP link
> > (which I think is not legal by the definition of an IP link per below).
>
> Yes, but I don't think that makes any sense.
> But even if there was such a thing as a "manet link" my understanding is
> that it wouldn't match your definition of "IP link", since AFAIK the
> manet routers decrement ttl.
>
> It is useful for manet, as well as 6lowpan, to have a prefix (which I
> think of a subnet prefix) span more than one link, because it allows
> nodes to move around inside the subnet without having to change their IP
> address and the whole think can be aggregated into a single route that
> is announced externally to the manet.
>
> We have many of the parts we need for this (RAs don't have to advertise
> any on-link prefixes), but one would need to do duplicate address
> detection differently.
>
> > Well, we need to agree whether they can be the same definition or not
> > (I'd prefer they are the same!). But if not, we get into the need to
> > describe the properties of such a link (which presumably do not match
> > the needed properties of an IP link) so that we can talk about how to
> > transform such a link into something IP can work across.
>
> Agreed.
>
> > But as always, the challenge has been whether the WG overall has a
> > consistent view/understanding of these sorts of key archtictural
> > points.
>
> I can't speak for the WG, but to me there has been two pieces missing:
>   - the motivation for why it makes sense to define the link as what is
> within radio reachability
>   - the terminology confusion where manet has described things as not
> having/needing any "links" since they just use "interfaces".
>
> Defining the link as "radio reachability" provides a definition which is
> both useful and consistent with (my understanding of) manet operational
> practices.

Radio reachability is an incomplete definition. Please consider that all Wi-Fi links that use current mechanisms for 802.11 security require explicit establishment of the security association (Two - four way exchanges).  Radio reachability does not imply link connectivity.  Link connectivity is always arbitrary and reachability is only one aspect.

I'm also finding that the explicit initial establishment of a "link" versus implicit reachability provides solutions in this architectural space rather than more constraints.  The ability to have a clarity in the process of joining a network or creating a link enables better autoconf-like solutions.  Specifically, the IP address assignment can be made an atomic operation with the addition of the link from the perspective of the network services.

Paul



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> It is useful for manet, as well as 6lowpan, to have a prefix (which I
> think of a subnet prefix) span more than one link, because it allows
> nodes to move around inside the subnet without having to change their
> IP
> address and the whole think can be aggregated into a single route that
> is announced externally to the manet.
 
I am not sure if we need this "wide prefix subnet". For the MANET Routers,
we would use host prefixes (/128) on loopback interfaces, or maybe on the
MANET interface itself if someone thinks this is a better approach. 
Configuring a /128 prefix on an interface would make the interface look like
stub (not sure on this completely).


Agreed on the aggregation prefix for the MANET. With multi-homing, we could
have multiple aggregation prefixes. 


Teco.

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Hello folks,

I'd like to propose the following two definitions.

A "subnet" is a contiguous range of IP addresses that
admits a routing prefix.

A "subnet router" is a router that provides access to
any node that uses one of the contiguous IP addresses
belonging to the range of the subnet.

==================================

However, there may be "routers" that do not
make any such claim about routing to a subnet.

In general, routers may forward packets to
nodes that are on link but not part of any
subnet for which the router provides access.
This model of routing  allows for a router to
forward a packet to a node that is NOT on
a subnet.

It is my belief that these "non-subnet" routers
are a crucial component of MANET routing,
and that the attempt to fit them into any
reasonable model of "subnet router" is
doomed to frustration and failure.

Regards,
Charlie P.

PS. I am resending this since the first attempt
      did not succeed... sorry if there is
      duplication.



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Paul Lambert wrote:

> Radio reachability is an incomplete definition. Please consider that all Wi-Fi links that use current mechanisms for 802.11 security require explicit establishment of the security association (Two - four way exchanges).  Radio reachability does not imply link connectivity.  Link connectivity is always arbitrary and reachability is only one aspect.

I agree that the term "radio reachability" is the wrong one to capture 
the security aspects for such technologies. What I mean (and I don't 
have a good term) is that if node A sends an L2 packet it arrives at 
node B, including any CRC or security checks.

> I'm also finding that the explicit initial establishment of a "link" versus implicit reachability provides solutions in this architectural space rather than more constraints.  The ability to have a clarity in the process of joining a network or creating a link enables better autoconf-like solutions.  Specifically, the IP address assignment can be made an atomic operation with the addition of the link from the perspective of the network services.

I don't see how you can this without either making assumptions about the 
capabilities of the L2 technology, or inventing some new L3 attachment 
protocol.

    Erik

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Seung Yi wrote:

> As far as I'm concerned, I had no problem working on a MANET
> autoconfiguration design while considering a radio range (say,
> something like a 3D sphere for an omni radio like 802.11) as the
> replacement of a link. Only that, this new "link" had quite a few
> non-traditional characteristics such as, (1) the fact I can reach node
> B (therefore consider node B is on the link I'm on) doesn't mean I am
> on the link he's on, or some would describe as link asymmetry, and (2)
> the membership of other nodes on the link I'm on can change frequently
> and drastically. ND works when the network condition allows two nodes
> to actually share a view (or they can reach each other) and fails
> otherwise, which is completely fine because "neighbors" can be
> considered as two nodes that can reach each other at a point in time.

When you say "ND" what exactly do you mean? Two nodes using NS/NA 
exchanges to discover the L2 addresses to use for direct communication?

The reason I'm asking for clarification is that I don't think that makes 
much sense when the link is defined as "within radio range", since that 
changes very frequently.

That is why link-local addresses, as well as NS/NA as used on Ethernet, 
is of very limited use on such networks.

But defining the link as a "within radio range" is AFAIK very useful for 
the routing protocols since they can use link-local communication 
(link-local addresses, and/or ttl=1) to find their neighbors.

    Erik
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Teco Boot wrote:
>> It is useful for manet, as well as 6lowpan, to have a prefix (which I
>> think of a subnet prefix) span more than one link, because it allows
>> nodes to move around inside the subnet without having to change their
>> IP
>> address and the whole think can be aggregated into a single route that
>> is announced externally to the manet.
>  
> I am not sure if we need this "wide prefix subnet". For the MANET Routers,
> we would use host prefixes (/128) on loopback interfaces, or maybe on the
> MANET interface itself if someone thinks this is a better approach. 
> Configuring a /128 prefix on an interface would make the interface look like
> stub (not sure on this completely).

Which prefix are you going to allocate addresses from?

That is the prefix I'm talking about.

    Erik

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Teco Boot wrote:
>> It is useful for manet, as well as 6lowpan, to have a prefix (which I
>> think of a subnet prefix) span more than one link, because it allows
>> nodes to move around inside the subnet without having to change their
>> IP
>> address and the whole think can be aggregated into a single route that
>> is announced externally to the manet.
>>     
>  
> I am not sure if we need this "wide prefix subnet". For the MANET Routers,
> we would use host prefixes (/128) on loopback interfaces, or maybe on the
> MANET interface itself if someone thinks this is a better approach. 
> Configuring a /128 prefix on an interface would make the interface look like
> stub (not sure on this completely).
> Agreed on the aggregation prefix for the MANET. With multi-homing, we could
> have multiple aggregation prefixes. 
>   

As I am rather new to this working group, please forgive me (and correct
me) if I do not know the whole history of the WG or do misunderstand
something.
In my opinion, it is wrong to have a MANET-wide subnet. As said by
Thomas, having a subnet for the whole MANET -- considering we understand
where the boundaries of "a" MANET are -- would mean that every router
can reach each other without decrementing TTL. As far as I understood
MANETs, this is not the case. Being on the same subnet means IMHO that
you can assume to reach every other node without decrementing TTL, which
is only the case for the router itself or subordinate hosts attached to
it. However, this does not avoid aggregating prefixes -- you can still
aggregate using shorter prefixes than the defined subnets.

I do have a hard time understanding the history of the autoconf WG. I
understand that it was asked by some people in the WG to define a link
type for better understanding of the assumptions in a MANET. However, in
the mailing list and during the meeting I rather had the impression that
there is not much interest in the document, or at least that there is no
consensus that this draft goes into the right direction. Even though I
personally rather agree with Thomas' document, there might be a reason
that it is wrong. However, for having a fruitful discussion, it would
help a lot to have competing drafts from other WG members that disagree
with the draft. It would be a lot easier for myself understanding the
different possible views of "a link" and "a MANET", if there were
different drafts that detail certain assumptions. Often the devil's in
the details, so for me to understand the whole issue, it could help a
lot not just talking about the definition of a link, but to write
something down. I really would hope that those who have strong
counter-arguments against the presented draft could write an ID, so that
WG members could have an impression about different architectural views
until IETF'74.

Best regards,
Ulrich

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> Behalf Of Ulrich Herberg

....
>
> As I am rather new to this working group, please forgive me (and correct
> me) if I do not know the whole history of the WG or do misunderstand
> something.
> In my opinion, it is wrong to have a MANET-wide subnet. As said by
> Thomas, having a subnet for the whole MANET -- considering we understand
> where the boundaries of "a" MANET are -- would mean that every router
> can reach each other without decrementing TTL. As far as I understood
> MANETs, this is not the case.


I am new too .. but also confused on these definitions ...

On the reachability, it is possible for the network layer to view the peer MANET devices as reachable without TTL decrementing if the link layer is bridging or is configured as a link layer mesh.

The definitions (IMHO) are flawed in that they do not match well existing definitions of links and link layer service architectures (at least for 802 link layers).


Paul


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> >> It is useful for manet, as well as 6lowpan, to have a prefix (which
> I
> >> think of a subnet prefix) span more than one link, because it allows
> >> nodes to move around inside the subnet without having to change
> their
> >> IP
> >> address and the whole think can be aggregated into a single route
> that
> >> is announced externally to the manet.
> >
> > I am not sure if we need this "wide prefix subnet". For the MANET
> Routers,
> > we would use host prefixes (/128) on loopback interfaces, or maybe on
> the
> > MANET interface itself if someone thinks this is a better approach.
> 
> Which prefix are you going to allocate addresses from?
> 
> That is the prefix I'm talking about.
 

OK, maybe I was confused by wording. 
c/subnet/summary/ and I am fine.

But the host prefix does not span more than one link.

Teco.


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> > As far as I'm concerned, I had no problem working on a MANET
> > autoconfiguration design while considering a radio range (say,
> > something like a 3D sphere for an omni radio like 802.11) as the
> > replacement of a link. Only that, this new "link" had quite a few
> > non-traditional characteristics such as, (1) the fact I can reach
> node
> > B (therefore consider node B is on the link I'm on) doesn't mean I am
> > on the link he's on, or some would describe as link asymmetry, and
> (2)
> > the membership of other nodes on the link I'm on can change
> frequently
> > and drastically. ND works when the network condition allows two nodes
> > to actually share a view (or they can reach each other) and fails
> > otherwise, which is completely fine because "neighbors" can be
> > considered as two nodes that can reach each other at a point in time.
> 
> When you say "ND" what exactly do you mean? Two nodes using NS/NA
> exchanges to discover the L2 addresses to use for direct communication?
> 
> The reason I'm asking for clarification is that I don't think that
> makes
> much sense when the link is defined as "within radio range", since that
> changes very frequently.
> 
> That is why link-local addresses, as well as NS/NA as used on Ethernet,
> is of very limited use on such networks.
> 
> But defining the link as a "within radio range" is AFAIK very useful
> for
> the routing protocols since they can use link-local communication
> (link-local addresses, and/or ttl=1) to find their neighbors.

Just asking: what is the problem with using NS/NA exchanges to discover the
L2 addresses with the link defined as a "within radio range"?

Another question: do we need an "IPv6 Packets over WiFi" RFC? There are
expired I-Ds.

Teco.



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On Wed, Nov 19, 2008 at 6:15 PM, Charles E. Perkins
<charles.perkins@earthlink.net> wrote:
>
> Hello folks,
>
> I'd like to propose the following two definitions.
>
> A "subnet" is a contiguous range of IP addresses that
> admits a routing prefix.
>
> A "subnet router" is a router that provides access to
> any node that uses one of the contiguous IP addresses
> belonging to the range of the subnet.
>
> ==================================
>
/snip/

Somewhat related to Charlie's posting, there is one thing I've been
curious about for a while but couldn't find a definite answer to:

"Why was the concept of the "subnet" introduced in the first place?"

I think the story might be something like this. First, there was an
Ethernet segment (or something similar), which is an L2 concept. One
of the characteristics of an Ethernet segment is, when one node on the
segment sends something, every other nodes on the segment can
hear/receive that. To abstract that concept (that I can reach everyone
by simply relying on L2 facility) in L3, one introduces the concept of
the "subnet". By carefully assigning IP addresses from a subnet range
to all nodes on a single Ethernet segment, one can enable L3
communication between them without having to run a routing protocol.
So, the concept of the "subnet" seems nothing but an artificial
construct one uses in L3 to abstract underlying L2 connectivity.

Moving back to MANET,

   - If a MANET is running some sort of L2 routing protocol and
presents an Ethernet-like view of L2 to L3, it is fine to assign IP
addresses from a subnet range. Everything should work as in an
Ethernet segment. (To my understanding, this is how some of military
IP radios work).
   - If there is no such L2 routing available and all L2 can do is
something like 802.11 ad-hoc mode, you can still assign IP addresses
from a subnet range to MANET routers if you want. However, you will
get a multi-link subnet as the result. ND will find all other nodes in
range but not all other nodes in the subnet. Link-local multicast will
reach only the nodes in range, but not all the nodes in the subnet. If
you have a way to handle multi-link subnet, that this is fine.
   - Finally, you can assign IP addresses to each MANET router so that
every node belongs to its own singleton subnet. ND and link-local
multicast will work correctly. Only they cannot be used as MANET-wide
communication primitives.

If my original guess about the concept of the "subnet" is correct, any
of these three options seems like an acceptable choice for the IP
address assignment scheme. Still, lot of people on the list seems to
be arguing for one or the other. Are there really a good reason to
discount any of these choices?

Thanks,

- Seung
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> A "subnet" is a contiguous range of IP addresses that
> admits a routing prefix.

Why not using the term routing prefix for a routing prefix?


> A "subnet router" is a router that provides access to
> any node that uses one of the contiguous IP addresses
> belonging to the range of the subnet.

If we stick on MANET, we discuss only router related topics, agreed?

And routers do provide routes to destinations, OK?
 

> ==================================
> 
> However, there may be "routers" that do not
> make any such claim about routing to a subnet.
> 
> In general, routers may forward packets to
> nodes that are on link but not part of any
> subnet for which the router provides access.
> This model of routing  allows for a router to
> forward a packet to a node that is NOT on
> a subnet.
> 
> It is my belief that these "non-subnet" routers
> are a crucial component of MANET routing,
> and that the attempt to fit them into any
> reasonable model of "subnet router" is
> doomed to frustration and failure.

I have to think more about this, but for now I can't see a problem.


Teco.




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> In my opinion, it is wrong to have a MANET-wide subnet. As said by
> Thomas, having a subnet for the whole MANET -- considering we
> understand
> where the boundaries of "a" MANET are -- would mean that every router
> can reach each other without decrementing TTL. As far as I understood
> MANETs, this is not the case. Being on the same subnet means IMHO that
> you can assume to reach every other node without decrementing TTL,
> which
> is only the case for the router itself or subordinate hosts attached to
> it. However, this does not avoid aggregating prefixes -- you can still
> aggregate using shorter prefixes than the defined subnets.
 
We are on the same page. But be careful with the term subnet. I prefer using
routing prefix if we discuss routing.


> I do have a hard time understanding the history of the autoconf WG. I
> understand that it was asked by some people in the WG to define a link
> type for better understanding of the assumptions in a MANET. However,
> in
> the mailing list and during the meeting I rather had the impression
> that
> there is not much interest in the document, or at least that there is
> no
> consensus that this draft goes into the right direction. Even though I
> personally rather agree with Thomas' document, there might be a reason
> that it is wrong. However, for having a fruitful discussion, it would
> help a lot to have competing drafts from other WG members that disagree
> with the draft. It would be a lot easier for myself understanding the
> different possible views of "a link" and "a MANET", if there were
> different drafts that detail certain assumptions. Often the devil's in
> the details, so for me to understand the whole issue, it could help a
> lot not just talking about the definition of a link, but to write
> something down. I really would hope that those who have strong
> counter-arguments against the presented draft could write an ID, so
> that
> WG members could have an impression about different architectural views
> until IETF'74.
 
I had the feeling that there was some misunderstanding on "link"
terminology. I think it makes sense to converge to some unambiguous
definitions. And I think we are not far from that. 
Then we can continue our work on problem statement and follow-up.

Teco.

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>    - If a MANET is running some sort of L2 routing protocol and
> presents an Ethernet-like view of L2 to L3, it is fine to assign IP
> addresses from a subnet range. Everything should work as in an
> Ethernet segment. (To my understanding, this is how some of military
> IP radios work).

We should not make too many assumptions.
For example, even the 802.11 standard specifies you cannot assume all STAs
are connected.
You are right, some of the military provide something similar to an Ethernet
segment. Others don't.


>    - If there is no such L2 routing available and all L2 can do is
> something like 802.11 ad-hoc mode, you can still assign IP addresses
> from a subnet range to MANET routers if you want. However, you will
> get a multi-link subnet as the result. ND will find all other nodes in
> range but not all other nodes in the subnet. Link-local multicast will
> reach only the nodes in range, but not all the nodes in the subnet. If
> you have a way to handle multi-link subnet, that this is fine.

Why should we assign IP addresses from a subnet to MANET interfaces? Routing
works well without, using link local addresses. Routers usually support a
loopback interface. Just configure a host prefix on the loopback and we are
done.


>    - Finally, you can assign IP addresses to each MANET router so that
> every node belongs to its own singleton subnet. ND and link-local
> multicast will work correctly. Only they cannot be used as MANET-wide
> communication primitives.

Why can't these addresses be used? Routers provide reachability for
prefixes, or am I missing something?


Teco. 


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Hello Teco,

Teco Boot wrote:
>> A "subnet" is a contiguous range of IP addresses that
>> admits a routing prefix.
>>     
>
> Why not using the term routing prefix for a routing prefix?
>   

There are two important answers to this question.
1. A subnet is something that needs definition so that we
    can avoid confusion.  No one has been getting confused
    about what a routing prefix is supposed to mean.
2. A subnet is a collection of network nodes, and a routing
    prefix is a number and a length.  But you correctly point
    out that the definition should probably be improved.

Perhaps the following definition is better:
   A "subnet" is a collection of network nodes whose addresses are
   all within a contiguous range of IP addresses that admits a routing
   prefix.

Anyway, even if the elements of two sets have a
natural one-to-one correspondence, we can still
usefully consider and understand their differences.



>
>   
>> A "subnet router" is a router that provides access to
>> any node that uses one of the contiguous IP addresses
>> belonging to the range of the subnet.
>>     
>
> If we stick on MANET, we discuss only router related topics, agreed?
>
> And routers do provide routes to destinations, OK?
>   

It seems to me that there has been a lot of confusion about
routers and subnets, and I think we could go forward faster
if we could manage to resolve that confusion.


Sometimes you have to enlarge the field of view in order
to see the elephant in the room (to mix metaphors :-)

Regards,
Charlie P.

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Hi Charlie,

> 1. A subnet is something that needs definition so that we
>     can avoid confusion.  No one has been getting confused
>     about what a routing prefix is supposed to mean.
> 2. A subnet is a collection of network nodes, and a routing
>     prefix is a number and a length.  But you correctly point
>     out that the definition should probably be improved.
> 
> Perhaps the following definition is better:
>    A "subnet" is a collection of network nodes whose addresses are
>    all within a contiguous range of IP addresses that admits a routing
>    prefix.
 
I am not sure on this definition. Assume a site with a /48 prefix length,
and many Ethernet segments connected with routers, would you say that the
site is a /48 subnet? Or a bundle of /64 subnets, with a subnet on each
Ethernet segment? Both?

Correct me if I am wrong, but I think it is a bundle of subnets (RFC940 /
RFC4291 / I-D.6man-ipv6-subnet-model).

With mobility in mind, I think we are working with a model that each
object_moving_as_a_whole may have a set of subnets. This would make sure
subnets don't break. Of course subnets are not assigned to multiple of those
objects, but this is BCP. I kept anycast out-of-scope.


> >> A "subnet router" is a router that provides access to
> >> any node that uses one of the contiguous IP addresses
> >> belonging to the range of the subnet.

Keeping prefix assignment is mind, do you mean that a subnet_router is a
router assigned and configured a subnet prefix to one of its interfaces? I
can agree on this definition.

Within the scope of MANETs, we should define that subnet prefixes are not
assigned to multiple routers, that are not part of the same
object_moving_as_a_whole. Agreed on that?


Regards, Teco


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I agree that we need a clean definition of subnet. The term is
overloaded and different people have different meanings associated
with it. That has contributed to confusion in the discussions...

Note also that I think Erik's observation about "on-link" being a key
issue to also be clear about is correct.

"Charles E. Perkins" <charles.perkins@earthlink.net> writes:

> A "subnet" is a contiguous range of IP addresses that
> admits a routing prefix.

I'd change that as follows (to highlight the properties that are
important to us):

A "subnet" is the range of IP addresses that are covered by a
prefix. All that a subnet defines is which addresses are considered to
be on the subnet and which are not.

In many cases (in IPv4) there is a one-to-one mapping between a subnet
and a link. I.e., on an Ethernet, you assign a subnet to the ethernet
link.  All the addresses covered by the prefix are assumed to reside
on that Ethernet, and are neighbors of each other. Using IPv6
terminology, we would say "link" rather than subnet and we would say
all the addresses covered by the subnet are "on link". (But note that
in IPv6, you can have links with addresses assigned to it, but for
which there is no prefix that is considered "on link".)

But if one talks to routing folk, a subnet is an abstraction that is
not tied to a physical link. For example, IBM has been assigned net
9.0.0.0. So, to BGP, 9.0.0.0/8 is a "subnet", even though the actual
network is a huge cloud of thousands of individual networks.

And, within IBM, talking about 9.0.0.0/8 as a "subnet" makes little
sense, because we see the individual links that have been subnetted
and given individual subnet numbers. We talk about 9.2.27.0/24 and the
like.

Thus, when talking about a subnet, we also have to consider the
on-link properties (if any), as differing assumptions on that point
can lead to very different ideas about how things do (or don't) work.

Back to the simple Ethernet, all the addresses covered by the prefix
are typically considered on-link.

When talking about MANETs, and talking about subnets (or prefixes) we
also have to talk about the on-link properties (or lack thereof).

For example, going back to chart 37 of ThomasC's presentation, it may
well make sense to consider the entire cloud of routers to be part of
one subnet, but it does not make sense (I assume) to consider that
same subnet to be "on-link" anywhere within that cloud. Within the
cloud, the subnet is further subdivided into smaller subnets. Each of
those individual (smaller) subnets may well have on-link properties
for small portions of the overall cloud. 

Thomas
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To: "Teco Boot" <teco@inf-net.nl>
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Teco,

On Wed, Nov 19, 2008 at 9:45 PM, Teco Boot <teco@inf-net.nl> wrote:
>>    - If there is no such L2 routing available and all L2 can do is
>> something like 802.11 ad-hoc mode, you can still assign IP addresses
>> from a subnet range to MANET routers if you want. However, you will
>> get a multi-link subnet as the result. ND will find all other nodes in
>> range but not all other nodes in the subnet. Link-local multicast will
>> reach only the nodes in range, but not all the nodes in the subnet. If
>> you have a way to handle multi-link subnet, that this is fine.
>
> Why should we assign IP addresses from a subnet to MANET interfaces? Routing
> works well without, using link local addresses. Routers usually support a
> loopback interface. Just configure a host prefix on the loopback and we are
> done.
>
>

I actually tried using the loopback interface. It's not as
straightforward as it seems. For example, binding an application to
use the address on the loopback is not very simple without modifying
the app.
The point I tried to make here was that I don't see any reason to
prohibit assigning IP addresses from a subnet range to MANET
interfaces.

>>    - Finally, you can assign IP addresses to each MANET router so that
>> every node belongs to its own singleton subnet. ND and link-local
>> multicast will work correctly. Only they cannot be used as MANET-wide
>> communication primitives.
>
> Why can't these addresses be used? Routers provide reachability for
> prefixes, or am I missing something?
>
>

By "they", I meant "ND and link-local multicast". I tried to say "ND
and link-local multicast" cannot be used as MANET-wide communication
primitives. There is no problem with address assignments.

A more general point, I think, was I don't see anything wrong with any
of these three address assignment schemes. They can all be made to
work with other supporting mechanisms.
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On Thu, Nov 20, 2008 at 6:39 AM, Thomas Narten <narten@us.ibm.com> wrote:
> I agree that we need a clean definition of subnet. The term is
> overloaded and different people have different meanings associated
> with it. That has contributed to confusion in the discussions...
>
> Note also that I think Erik's observation about "on-link" being a key
> issue to also be clear about is correct.
>
>>>>>> snip <<<<<<<<<<
> For example, going back to chart 37 of ThomasC's presentation, it may
> well make sense to consider the entire cloud of routers to be part of
> one subnet, but it does not make sense (I assume) to consider that
> same subnet to be "on-link" anywhere within that cloud. Within the
> cloud, the subnet is further subdivided into smaller subnets. Each of
> those individual (smaller) subnets may well have on-link properties
> for small portions of the overall cloud.
>
> Thomas

That is exactly what I tried to convey. It may be just a happy
coincidence that there is one-to-one mapping between a subnet and an
Ethernet link. As long as we do not assume such mapping should always
exist and treat a subnet as just a contiguous range of IP addresses
(therefore an abstract concept rather than being tied to any L2
facility), everything looks straightforward to me.

- Seung
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Seung,

>-----Original Message-----
>From: Seung Yi [mailto:scicarus@iname.com]
>Sent: Thursday, November 20, 2008 7:41 AM
>To: Teco Boot
>Cc: autoconf@ietf.org
>Subject: Re: [Autoconf] Subnet definition
>
>Teco,
>
>On Wed, Nov 19, 2008 at 9:45 PM, Teco Boot <teco@inf-net.nl> wrote:
>>>    - If there is no such L2 routing available and all L2 can do is
>>> something like 802.11 ad-hoc mode, you can still assign IP addresses
>>> from a subnet range to MANET routers if you want. However, you will
>>> get a multi-link subnet as the result. ND will find all other nodes
in
>>> range but not all other nodes in the subnet. Link-local multicast
will
>>> reach only the nodes in range, but not all the nodes in the subnet.
If
>>> you have a way to handle multi-link subnet, that this is fine.
>>
>> Why should we assign IP addresses from a subnet to MANET interfaces?
Routing
>> works well without, using link local addresses. Routers usually
support a
>> loopback interface. Just configure a host prefix on the loopback and
we are
>> done.
>>
>>
>
>I actually tried using the loopback interface. It's not as
>straightforward as it seems. For example, binding an application to
>use the address on the loopback is not very simple without modifying
>the app.

First, you are talking about IPv4 here; not IPv6. Second, it
doesn't have to be a loopback interface; it could be an Ethernet
for example.

Please see also Dave Thaler's discussion on strong vs weak end
system model from the plenary.

Fred
fred.l.templin@boeing.com

>The point I tried to make here was that I don't see any reason to
>prohibit assigning IP addresses from a subnet range to MANET
>interfaces.
>
>>>    - Finally, you can assign IP addresses to each MANET router so
that
>>> every node belongs to its own singleton subnet. ND and link-local
>>> multicast will work correctly. Only they cannot be used as
MANET-wide
>>> communication primitives.
>>
>> Why can't these addresses be used? Routers provide reachability for
>> prefixes, or am I missing something?
>>
>>
>
>By "they", I meant "ND and link-local multicast". I tried to say "ND
>and link-local multicast" cannot be used as MANET-wide communication
>primitives. There is no problem with address assignments.
>
>A more general point, I think, was I don't see anything wrong with any
>of these three address assignment schemes. They can all be made to
>work with other supporting mechanisms.
>_______________________________________________
>Autoconf mailing list
>Autoconf@ietf.org
>https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/autoconf
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> I actually tried using the loopback interface. It's not as
> straightforward as it seems. For example, binding an application to
> use the address on the loopback is not very simple without modifying
> the app.

Are we discussing a RFC3484 compliant router?


> >>    - Finally, you can assign IP addresses to each MANET router so
> that
> >> every node belongs to its own singleton subnet. ND and link-local
> >> multicast will work correctly. Only they cannot be used as MANET-
> wide
> >> communication primitives.
> >
> > Why can't these addresses be used? Routers provide reachability for
> > prefixes, or am I missing something?
> 
> By "they", I meant "ND and link-local multicast". I tried to say "ND
> and link-local multicast" cannot be used as MANET-wide communication
> primitives. There is no problem with address assignments.

You described a problem with MANET-wide communications and problems.
Did you mean that with LL addresses you cannot reach the whole MANET / whole
Internet?
This is by definition. Or am I missing something?

Teco.


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Maybe we are hitting the heart of the misunderstanding. I think we
should indeed distinguish prefix and subnet terms, and stick to
something like:

- a prefix is a contiguous range of IP addresses.
- a subnet is a set of IP addresses (that may or may not be a prefix)
that are on the same link. All these addresses are then on-link with
respect to this link.
- a link is what L2 provides, which reaches everything within TTL 1
beyond a given interface.

If we stick to these definitions, we will indeed save ourselves lots of
trouble. Do you agree?
Emmanuel





On Thu, Nov 20, 2008 at 3:39 PM, Thomas Narten <narten@us.ibm.com> wrote:
I agree that we need a clean definition of subnet. The term is
overloaded and different people have different meanings associated
with it. That has contributed to confusion in the discussions...

Note also that I think Erik's observation about "on-link" being a key
issue to also be clear about is correct.

"Charles E. Perkins" <charles.perkins@earthlink.net> writes:

> A "subnet" is a contiguous range of IP addresses that
> admits a routing prefix.

I'd change that as follows (to highlight the properties that are
important to us):

A "subnet" is the range of IP addresses that are covered by a
prefix. All that a subnet defines is which addresses are considered to
be on the subnet and which are not.

In many cases (in IPv4) there is a one-to-one mapping between a subnet
and a link. I.e., on an Ethernet, you assign a subnet to the ethernet
link.  All the addresses covered by the prefix are assumed to reside
on that Ethernet, and are neighbors of each other. Using IPv6
terminology, we would say "link" rather than subnet and we would say
all the addresses covered by the subnet are "on link". (But note that
in IPv6, you can have links with addresses assigned to it, but for
which there is no prefix that is considered "on link".)

But if one talks to routing folk, a subnet is an abstraction that is
not tied to a physical link. For example, IBM has been assigned net
9.0.0.0. So, to BGP, 9.0.0.0/8 is a "subnet", even though the actual
network is a huge cloud of thousands of individual networks.

And, within IBM, talking about 9.0.0.0/8 as a "subnet" makes little
sense, because we see the individual links that have been subnetted
and given individual subnet numbers. We talk about 9.2.27.0/24 and the
like.

Thus, when talking about a subnet, we also have to consider the
on-link properties (if any), as differing assumptions on that point
can lead to very different ideas about how things do (or don't) work.

Back to the simple Ethernet, all the addresses covered by the prefix
are typically considered on-link.

When talking about MANETs, and talking about subnets (or prefixes) we
also have to talk about the on-link properties (or lack thereof).

For example, going back to chart 37 of ThomasC's presentation, it may
well make sense to consider the entire cloud of routers to be part of
one subnet, but it does not make sense (I assume) to consider that
same subnet to be "on-link" anywhere within that cloud. Within the
cloud, the subnet is further subdivided into smaller subnets. Each of
those individual (smaller) subnets may well have on-link properties
for small portions of the overall cloud.

Thomas
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Hello Teco,

Teco Boot wrote:
>
>>
>> Perhaps the following definition is better:
>>    A "subnet" is a collection of network nodes whose addresses are
>>    all within a contiguous range of IP addresses that admits a routing
>>    prefix.
>>     
>  
> I am not sure on this definition. Assume a site with a /48 prefix length,
> and many Ethernet segments connected with routers, would you say that the
> site is a /48 subnet? Or a bundle of /64 subnets, with a subnet on each
> Ethernet segment? Both?
>   

By the above definition, they are all subnets, and the site router
is a subnet router for a /48 subnet.  The site router then delegates
responsibility for some (or all) of the nodes at the site to subnet
routers that route to smaller subnets.

> Correct me if I am wrong, but I think it is a bundle of subnets (RFC940 /
> RFC4291 / I-D.6man-ipv6-subnet-model).
>   

I didn't find the term "bundle".  But anyway I think you are correct,
and that the only extra piece is that a subnet can have sub-subnets
which themselves satisfy the definition of subnet.

> With mobility in mind, I think we are working with a model that each
> object_moving_as_a_whole may have a set of subnets. This would make sure
> subnets don't break. Of course subnets are not assigned to multiple of those
> objects, but this is BCP. I kept anycast out-of-scope.
>   

Anycast does not need definition in order for use to
understand what subnet should mean.

>
>   
>>>> A "subnet router" is a router that provides access to
>>>> any node that uses one of the contiguous IP addresses
>>>> belonging to the range of the subnet.
>>>>         
>
> Keeping prefix assignment is mind, do you mean that a subnet_router is a
> router assigned and configured a subnet prefix to one of its interfaces? I
> can agree on this definition.
>   

Yes, that is correct.  But, and very importantly, if a router accepts this
delegation, it has the responsibility for keeping track of network nodes
using any of the addresses in the subnet.  Otherwise, the host may be
subject to becoming unreachable.
> Within the scope of MANETs, we should define that subnet prefixes are not
> assigned to multiple routers, that are not part of the same
> object_moving_as_a_whole. Agreed on that?
>   

This is not relevant.  A group of routers may share responsibility
for a subnet, for instance using VRRP or some redundancy
protocol.  IPv6 allows multiple routers to advertise reachability
to the same subnet.  Mobility of the subnet only has the effect
of making it more difficult to discharge the responsibility.  It
should not affect the basic definition or intuition of a subnet.


Regards,
Charlie P.


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From: "Velt, R. (Ronald) in 't" <Ronald.intVelt@tno.nl>
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Hello Charlie, all, 

> -----Original Message-----
> From: autoconf-bounces@ietf.org 
> [mailto:autoconf-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of Charles E. Perkins
> Sent: donderdag 20 november 2008 7:44
> To: Teco Boot
> Cc: autoconf@ietf.org
> Subject: Re: [Autoconf] Subnet definition
> 
> 
> Hello Teco,
> 
> Teco Boot wrote:
> >> A "subnet" is a contiguous range of IP addresses that admits a 
> >> routing prefix.
> >>     
> >
> > Why not using the term routing prefix for a routing prefix?
> >   
> 
> There are two important answers to this question.
> 1. A subnet is something that needs definition so that we
>     can avoid confusion.  No one has been getting confused
>     about what a routing prefix is supposed to mean.
> 2. A subnet is a collection of network nodes, and a routing
>     prefix is a number and a length.  But you correctly point
>     out that the definition should probably be improved.
> 
> Perhaps the following definition is better:
>    A "subnet" is a collection of network nodes whose addresses are
>    all within a contiguous range of IP addresses that admits a routing
>    prefix.

According to draft-iab-ip-model-evolution-01 by Dave Thaler: 'A "subnet"
in the IP service model refers to the topological area within which
addresses from the same subnet prefix are assigned to interfaces.'

Don't see much wrong with that definition.

Ronald
> 
> Anyway, even if the elements of two sets have a natural 
> one-to-one correspondence, we can still usefully consider and 
> understand their differences.
> 
> 
> 
> >
> >   
> >> A "subnet router" is a router that provides access to any 
> node that 
> >> uses one of the contiguous IP addresses belonging to the 
> range of the 
> >> subnet.
> >>     
> >
> > If we stick on MANET, we discuss only router related topics, agreed?
> >
> > And routers do provide routes to destinations, OK?
> >   
> 
> It seems to me that there has been a lot of confusion about 
> routers and subnets, and I think we could go forward faster 
> if we could manage to resolve that confusion.
> 
> 
> Sometimes you have to enlarge the field of view in order to 
> see the elephant in the room (to mix metaphors :-)
> 
> Regards,
> Charlie P.
> 
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From: "Templin, Fred L" <Fred.L.Templin@boeing.com>
To: "Charles E. Perkins" <charles.perkins@earthlink.net>,
	"Teco Boot" <teco@inf-net.nl>
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>-----Original Message-----
>From: Charles E. Perkins [mailto:charles.perkins@earthlink.net]
>Sent: Thursday, November 20, 2008 8:36 AM
>To: Teco Boot
>Cc: autoconf@ietf.org
>Subject: Re: [Autoconf] Subnet definition
>
>
>Hello Teco,
>
>Teco Boot wrote:
>>
>>>
>>> Perhaps the following definition is better:
>>>    A "subnet" is a collection of network nodes whose addresses are
>>>    all within a contiguous range of IP addresses that admits a
routing
>>>    prefix.
>>>
>>
>> I am not sure on this definition. Assume a site with a /48 prefix
length,
>> and many Ethernet segments connected with routers, would you say that
the
>> site is a /48 subnet? Or a bundle of /64 subnets, with a subnet on
each
>> Ethernet segment? Both?
>>
>
>By the above definition, they are all subnets, and the site router
>is a subnet router for a /48 subnet.  The site router then delegates
>responsibility for some (or all) of the nodes at the site to subnet
>routers that route to smaller subnets.

Does it configure and respond to a subnet router anycast address then?

Fred
Fred.l.templin@boeing.com

>> Correct me if I am wrong, but I think it is a bundle of subnets
(RFC940 /
>> RFC4291 / I-D.6man-ipv6-subnet-model).
>>
>
>I didn't find the term "bundle".  But anyway I think you are correct,
>and that the only extra piece is that a subnet can have sub-subnets
>which themselves satisfy the definition of subnet.
>
>> With mobility in mind, I think we are working with a model that each
>> object_moving_as_a_whole may have a set of subnets. This would make
sure
>> subnets don't break. Of course subnets are not assigned to multiple
of those
>> objects, but this is BCP. I kept anycast out-of-scope.
>>
>
>Anycast does not need definition in order for use to
>understand what subnet should mean.
>
>>
>>
>>>>> A "subnet router" is a router that provides access to
>>>>> any node that uses one of the contiguous IP addresses
>>>>> belonging to the range of the subnet.
>>>>>
>>
>> Keeping prefix assignment is mind, do you mean that a subnet_router
is a
>> router assigned and configured a subnet prefix to one of its
interfaces? I
>> can agree on this definition.
>>
>
>Yes, that is correct.  But, and very importantly, if a router accepts
this
>delegation, it has the responsibility for keeping track of network
nodes
>using any of the addresses in the subnet.  Otherwise, the host may be
>subject to becoming unreachable.
>> Within the scope of MANETs, we should define that subnet prefixes are
not
>> assigned to multiple routers, that are not part of the same
>> object_moving_as_a_whole. Agreed on that?
>>
>
>This is not relevant.  A group of routers may share responsibility
>for a subnet, for instance using VRRP or some redundancy
>protocol.  IPv6 allows multiple routers to advertise reachability
>to the same subnet.  Mobility of the subnet only has the effect
>of making it more difficult to discharge the responsibility.  It
>should not affect the basic definition or intuition of a subnet.
>
>
>Regards,
>Charlie P.
>
>
>_______________________________________________
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> That is exactly what I tried to convey. It may be just a happy
> coincidence that there is one-to-one mapping between a subnet and an
> Ethernet link. As long as we do not assume such mapping should always
> exist and treat a subnet as just a contiguous range of IP addresses
> (therefore an abstract concept rather than being tied to any L2
> facility), everything looks straightforward to me.
> 

I want to make clear that such assumptions are in contradiction with the IP
model.
RFC4903 Multi-Link Subnet Issues:  
>>>
   A multi-link subnet model should be avoided.  IETF working groups
   using, or considering using, multi-link subnets today should
   investigate moving to one of the other models.
<<<
This applies to both IPv4 and IPv6. Read RFC4903 for details. I currently
see no reason for an exception.
But of course I could be wrong.

Site remark: anycast is out-of-scope in this discussion, for obvious
reasons.

Teco.


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>-----Original Message-----
>From: Teco Boot [mailto:teco@inf-net.nl]
>Sent: Thursday, November 20, 2008 8:45 AM
>To: scicarus@iname.com; 'Thomas Narten'
>Cc: autoconf@ietf.org
>Subject: Re: [Autoconf] Subnet definition
>
>> That is exactly what I tried to convey. It may be just a happy
>> coincidence that there is one-to-one mapping between a subnet and an
>> Ethernet link. As long as we do not assume such mapping should always
>> exist and treat a subnet as just a contiguous range of IP addresses
>> (therefore an abstract concept rather than being tied to any L2
>> facility), everything looks straightforward to me.
>>
>
>I want to make clear that such assumptions are in contradiction with
the IP
>model.
>RFC4903 Multi-Link Subnet Issues:
>>>>
>   A multi-link subnet model should be avoided.  IETF working groups
>   using, or considering using, multi-link subnets today should
>   investigate moving to one of the other models.
><<<
>This applies to both IPv4 and IPv6. Read RFC4903 for details. I
currently
>see no reason for an exception.
>But of course I could be wrong.
>
>Site remark: anycast is out-of-scope in this discussion, for obvious
>reasons.

Subnet router anycast address is an RFC4291-required address
for subnet routers. Are we talking about a different kind of
"subnet router"?

Fred
fred.l.templin@boeing.com

>
>Teco.
>
>
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Hi Charlie,

> Teco Boot wrote:
> >
> >>
> >> Perhaps the following definition is better:
> >>    A "subnet" is a collection of network nodes whose addresses are
> >>    all within a contiguous range of IP addresses that admits a
> routing
> >>    prefix.
> >>
> >
> > I am not sure on this definition. Assume a site with a /48 prefix
> length,
> > and many Ethernet segments connected with routers, would you say that
> the
> > site is a /48 subnet? Or a bundle of /64 subnets, with a subnet on
> each
> > Ethernet segment? Both?
> >
> 
> By the above definition, they are all subnets, and the site router
> is a subnet router for a /48 subnet.  The site router then delegates
> responsibility for some (or all) of the nodes at the site to subnet
> routers that route to smaller subnets.
 
If this router has the /48 prefix assigned to one of its interfaces, yes I
agree.
With the longest match rule, all packets for destinations on the other
subnets (or aggregation prefixes) are forwarded to a nexthop router. The
remaining address blocks could be used for addresses on this link. SLAAC
cannot be used in this model (i.e. no /64 prefix length). 

If this router has the /48 prefix NOT assigned to one of its interfaces, NO,
I do not agree.

In my BRDP solution I use something similar, but maybe more practical. I
suggest a /64 on the BR MANET interface (could be a /128 also, but /64
better fits current text on SLAAC). MANET Routers may generate a /128 host
prefix. The longest match rule guarantees that packets are delivered to the
destination.



> 
> > Correct me if I am wrong, but I think it is a bundle of subnets
> (RFC940 /
> > RFC4291 / I-D.6man-ipv6-subnet-model).
> >
> 
> I didn't find the term "bundle".  But anyway I think you are correct,
> and that the only extra piece is that a subnet can have sub-subnets
> which themselves satisfy the definition of subnet.

Sorry, I meant a "set of". 
And no, I do not totally agree on sub-subnet. Prefixes and sub-prefixes are
OK for me.
Only a prefix "bound" to an interface makes it a subnet.



> >>>> A "subnet router" is a router that provides access to
> >>>> any node that uses one of the contiguous IP addresses
> >>>> belonging to the range of the subnet.
> >>>>
> >
> > Keeping prefix assignment is mind, do you mean that a subnet_router
> is a
> > router assigned and configured a subnet prefix to one of its
> interfaces? I
> > can agree on this definition.
> >
> 
> Yes, that is correct.  But, and very importantly, if a router accepts
> this
> delegation, it has the responsibility for keeping track of network
> nodes
> using any of the addresses in the subnet.  Otherwise, the host may be
> subject to becoming unreachable.

Agreed on that subnets SHOULD NOT be delegated?



> > Within the scope of MANETs, we should define that subnet prefixes are
> not
> > assigned to multiple routers, that are not part of the same
> > object_moving_as_a_whole. Agreed on that?
> >
> 
> This is not relevant.  A group of routers may share responsibility
> for a subnet, for instance using VRRP or some redundancy
> protocol.  IPv6 allows multiple routers to advertise reachability
> to the same subnet.  Mobility of the subnet only has the effect
> of making it more difficult to discharge the responsibility.  It
> should not affect the basic definition or intuition of a subnet.
 
I think this is essential. VRRP will not work in a MANET, if the VRRP
Routers are part of different object_moving_as_a_whole. This would break the
subnets. I suggest not get into split subnet repair mechanisms.


Teco.



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Hello Ronald,

Velt, R. (Ronald) in 't wrote:
>
> According to draft-iab-ip-model-evolution-01 by Dave Thaler: 'A "subnet"
> in the IP service model refers to the topological area within which
> addresses from the same subnet prefix are assigned to interfaces.'
>
>   

This also is O.K. with me, as long as we don't have
to get bogged down in defining "topological area"
and "assignment".   But I'd be happy if consensus
settles on this definition (soon).

Regards,
Charlie P.



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Dear Emmanuel,

At 01:30 08/11/21, Emmanuel Baccelli wrote:
>Maybe we are hitting the heart of the misunderstanding. I think we
>should indeed distinguish prefix and subnet terms, and stick to
>something like:
>
>- a prefix is a contiguous range of IP addresses.
>- a subnet is a set of IP addresses (that may or may not be a prefix)
>that are on the same link. All these addresses are then on-link with
>respect to this link.
>- a link is what L2 provides, which reaches everything within TTL 1
>beyond a given interface.

I agree. If we accept the definitions above, I think that subnet is 
not a useful concept for MANET, because each interface may have a 
differenct set of neighbors. It just inroduces confusions.

Kenichi


>If we stick to these definitions, we will indeed save ourselves lots of
>trouble. Do you agree?
>Emmanuel
>
>
>
>
>
>On Thu, Nov 20, 2008 at 3:39 PM, Thomas Narten <narten@us.ibm.com> wrote:
>I agree that we need a clean definition of subnet. The term is
>overloaded and different people have different meanings associated
>with it. That has contributed to confusion in the discussions...
>
>Note also that I think Erik's observation about "on-link" being a key
>issue to also be clear about is correct.
>
>"Charles E. Perkins" <charles.perkins@earthlink.net> writes:
>
> > A "subnet" is a contiguous range of IP addresses that
> > admits a routing prefix.
>
>I'd change that as follows (to highlight the properties that are
>important to us):
>
>A "subnet" is the range of IP addresses that are covered by a
>prefix. All that a subnet defines is which addresses are considered to
>be on the subnet and which are not.
>
>In many cases (in IPv4) there is a one-to-one mapping between a subnet
>and a link. I.e., on an Ethernet, you assign a subnet to the ethernet
>link.  All the addresses covered by the prefix are assumed to reside
>on that Ethernet, and are neighbors of each other. Using IPv6
>terminology, we would say "link" rather than subnet and we would say
>all the addresses covered by the subnet are "on link". (But note that
>in IPv6, you can have links with addresses assigned to it, but for
>which there is no prefix that is considered "on link".)
>
>But if one talks to routing folk, a subnet is an abstraction that is
>not tied to a physical link. For example, IBM has been assigned net
>9.0.0.0. So, to BGP, 9.0.0.0/8 is a "subnet", even though the actual
>network is a huge cloud of thousands of individual networks.
>
>And, within IBM, talking about 9.0.0.0/8 as a "subnet" makes little
>sense, because we see the individual links that have been subnetted
>and given individual subnet numbers. We talk about 9.2.27.0/24 and the
>like.
>
>Thus, when talking about a subnet, we also have to consider the
>on-link properties (if any), as differing assumptions on that point
>can lead to very different ideas about how things do (or don't) work.
>
>Back to the simple Ethernet, all the addresses covered by the prefix
>are typically considered on-link.
>
>When talking about MANETs, and talking about subnets (or prefixes) we
>also have to talk about the on-link properties (or lack thereof).
>
>For example, going back to chart 37 of ThomasC's presentation, it may
>well make sense to consider the entire cloud of routers to be part of
>one subnet, but it does not make sense (I assume) to consider that
>same subnet to be "on-link" anywhere within that cloud. Within the
>cloud, the subnet is further subdivided into smaller subnets. Each of
>those individual (smaller) subnets may well have on-link properties
>for small portions of the overall cloud.
>
>Thomas
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Hello Fred,

You raise a very interesting point!

Templin, Fred L wrote:
>
>>       ..............  the site router
>> is a subnet router for a /48 subnet.  The site router then delegates
>> responsibility for some (or all) of the nodes at the site to subnet
>> routers that route to smaller subnets.
>>     
>
> Does it configure and respond to a subnet router anycast address then?
>   

In order to conform to RFC 4291, it needs to do this.

For this purpose, it might be most convenient for a site
router to avoid overlapping the anycast address ranges
for any sub-subnet.

Otherwise, by the rules of anycast, two routers at the
same anycast address have to decide how to do the
right thing (e.g., see RFC 2526).

Regards,
Charlie P.

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> >Site remark: anycast is out-of-scope in this discussion, for obvious
> >reasons.
> 
> Subnet router anycast address is an RFC4291-required address
> for subnet routers. Are we talking about a different kind of
> "subnet router"?

Sorry, I meant non-LL anycast. Those prefixes may be assigned to interfaces
of routers that are not on the same link.

Teco.


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> - a prefix is a contiguous range of IP addresses.
>> - a subnet is a set of IP addresses (that may or may not be a prefix)
>> that are on the same link. All these addresses are then on-link with
>> respect to this link.
>> - a link is what L2 provides, which reaches everything within TTL 1
>> beyond a given interface.
>>
>
> I agree. If we accept the definitions above, I think that subnet is not a
> useful concept for MANET, because each interface may have a differenct set
> of neighbors. It just inroduces confusions.
>
>
Yes. These definitions make a needed clarification for us. And they are
compatible with the IP service model described by D. Thaler.

Emmanuel

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<div class="gmail_quote"><div><br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex;"><div class="Ih2E3d"><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">

- a prefix is a contiguous range of IP addresses.<br>
- a subnet is a set of IP addresses (that may or may not be a prefix)<br>
that are on the same link. All these addresses are then on-link with<br>
respect to this link.<br>
- a link is what L2 provides, which reaches everything within TTL 1<br>
beyond a given interface.<br>
</blockquote>
<br></div>
I agree. If we accept the definitions above, I think that subnet is not a useful concept for MANET, because each interface may have a differenct set of neighbors. It just inroduces confusions.<br>
<br></blockquote><div><br></div><div>Yes. These definitions make a needed clarification for us. And they are compatible with the IP service model described by D. Thaler.</div><div><br></div><div>Emmanuel</div></div><br><div>
<br></div>

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Emmanuel,=20
=20
I agree with you -- these are a good set of definitions=20
from which to proceed.=20
=20
Regards,
Stan

________________________________

From: autoconf-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:autoconf-bounces@ietf.org] On
Behalf Of Emmanuel Baccelli
Sent: Thursday, November 20, 2008 12:35 PM
To: autoconf@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Autoconf] Subnet definition




		- a prefix is a contiguous range of IP addresses.
		- a subnet is a set of IP addresses (that may or may not
be a prefix)
		that are on the same link. All these addresses are then
on-link with
		respect to this link.
		- a link is what L2 provides, which reaches everything
within TTL 1
		beyond a given interface.
	=09


	I agree. If we accept the definitions above, I think that subnet
is not a useful concept for MANET, because each interface may have a
differenct set of neighbors. It just inroduces confusions.
=09
=09


Yes. These definitions make a needed clarification for us. And they are
compatible with the IP service model described by D. Thaler.

Emmanuel



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<BODY>
<DIV dir=3Dltr align=3Dleft><SPAN class=3D452130918-20112008>Emmanuel, =
</SPAN></DIV>
<DIV dir=3Dltr align=3Dleft><SPAN =
class=3D452130918-20112008></SPAN>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV dir=3Dltr align=3Dleft><SPAN class=3D452130918-20112008>I agree =
with you -- these=20
are a good set of definitions </SPAN></DIV>
<DIV dir=3Dltr align=3Dleft><SPAN class=3D452130918-20112008>from which =
to proceed.=20
</SPAN></DIV>
<DIV dir=3Dltr align=3Dleft><SPAN =
class=3D452130918-20112008></SPAN>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV dir=3Dltr align=3Dleft><SPAN =
class=3D452130918-20112008>Regards,</SPAN></DIV>
<DIV dir=3Dltr align=3Dleft><SPAN =
class=3D452130918-20112008>Stan</SPAN></DIV><BR>
<DIV class=3DOutlookMessageHeader lang=3Den-us dir=3Dltr align=3Dleft>
<HR tabIndex=3D-1>
<FONT face=3DTahoma size=3D2><B>From:</B> autoconf-bounces@ietf.org=20
[mailto:autoconf-bounces@ietf.org] <B>On Behalf Of </B>Emmanuel=20
Baccelli<BR><B>Sent:</B> Thursday, November 20, 2008 12:35 =
PM<BR><B>To:</B>=20
autoconf@ietf.org<BR><B>Subject:</B> Re: [Autoconf] Subnet=20
definition<BR></FONT><BR></DIV>
<DIV></DIV>
<DIV class=3Dgmail_quote>
<DIV><BR></DIV>
<BLOCKQUOTE class=3Dgmail_quote=20
style=3D"PADDING-LEFT: 1ex; MARGIN: 0px 0px 0px 0.8ex; BORDER-LEFT: #ccc =
1px solid">
  <DIV class=3DIh2E3d>
  <BLOCKQUOTE class=3Dgmail_quote=20
  style=3D"PADDING-LEFT: 1ex; MARGIN: 0px 0px 0px 0.8ex; BORDER-LEFT: =
#ccc 1px solid">-=20
    a prefix is a contiguous range of IP addresses.<BR>- a subnet is a =
set of IP=20
    addresses (that may or may not be a prefix)<BR>that are on the same =
link.=20
    All these addresses are then on-link with<BR>respect to this =
link.<BR>- a=20
    link is what L2 provides, which reaches everything within TTL =
1<BR>beyond a=20
    given interface.<BR></BLOCKQUOTE><BR></DIV>I agree. If we accept the =

  definitions above, I think that subnet is not a useful concept for =
MANET,=20
  because each interface may have a differenct set of neighbors. It just =

  inroduces confusions.<BR><BR></BLOCKQUOTE>
<DIV><BR></DIV>
<DIV>Yes. These definitions make a needed clarification for us. And they =
are=20
compatible with the IP service model described by D. Thaler.</DIV>
<DIV><BR></DIV>
<DIV>Emmanuel</DIV></DIV><BR>
<DIV><BR></DIV></BODY></HTML>

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> 
> - a prefix is a contiguous range of IP addresses.
> - a subnet is a set of IP addresses (that may or may not be a prefix)
> that are on the same link. All these addresses are then on-link with
> respect to this link.
> - a link is what L2 provides, which reaches everything within TTL 1
> beyond a given interface.
> 
> If we stick to these definitions, we will indeed save ourselves lots of
> trouble. Do you agree?

In general, I agree on the intention. But we should be very careful here.
I suggest xref to RFCs that are in line with what you say. And try to use
the same wording. And explain if not (e.g. clarify or correct)

There would be small nits forever. Just to come up with some, what with
off-link addresses? Are two of those in the same prefix also in the same
subnet? Use "without TTL decrement" instead of "TTL 1"? 

Somewhat more important: Is a IP addresses within a prefix, that is assigned
& configured on an interface, but that is not on-link, part of a subnet? If
not, I think somewhat should write this down. 6MAN?

Teco.

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Date: Thu, 20 Nov 2008 20:13:59 +0100
From: "Emmanuel Baccelli" <Emmanuel.Baccelli@inria.fr>
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Great. So we could refine on this basis. See inline:
On Thu, Nov 20, 2008 at 7:50 PM, Teco Boot <teco@inf-net.nl> wrote:

> >
> > - a prefix is a contiguous range of IP addresses.
> > - a subnet is a set of IP addresses (that may or may not be a prefix)
> > that are on the same link. All these addresses are then on-link with
> > respect to this link.
> > - a link is what L2 provides, which reaches everything within TTL 1
> > beyond a given interface.
> >
> > If we stick to these definitions, we will indeed save ourselves lots of
> > trouble. Do you agree?
>
> In general, I agree on the intention. But we should be very careful here.
> I suggest xref to RFCs that are in line with what you say. And try to use
> the same wording. And explain if not (e.g. clarify or correct)
>

OK. Let's do that. Any suggestions?


>
> There would be small nits forever. Just to come up with some, what with
> off-link addresses? Are two of those in the same prefix also in the same
> subnet? Use "without TTL decrement" instead of "TTL 1"?


If we base ourselves on these definitions, an address is off-link if it is
not on the same subnet, i.e. not in the set of IP addresses that form this
subnet.

As Thomas Narten pointed out, this set may not be a prefix. So being in the
same prefix does not necessarily mean being on the same subnet.

I'm personally OK with using "without TTL decrement".


> Somewhat more important: Is a IP addresses within a prefix, that is
> assigned
> & configured on an interface, but that is not on-link, part of a subnet? If
> not, I think somewhat should write this down. 6MAN?
>
>
I'm not sure I understand your question. Do you mean: if the set of
addresses that form a subnet is not a prefix, what do you configure the
interface with, in terms of prefix? If this is correct, I think this is an
architectural question, that we may want to answer in a second phase. Don't
you think?

Emmanuel

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Great. So we could refine on this basis. See inline:<div><br><div class="gmail_quote">On Thu, Nov 20, 2008 at 7:50 PM, Teco Boot <span dir="ltr">&lt;<a href="mailto:teco@inf-net.nl" target="_blank">teco@inf-net.nl</a>&gt;</span> wrote:<br>

<blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex"><div>&gt;<br>
&gt; - a prefix is a contiguous range of IP addresses.<br>
&gt; - a subnet is a set of IP addresses (that may or may not be a prefix)<br>
&gt; that are on the same link. All these addresses are then on-link with<br>
&gt; respect to this link.<br>
&gt; - a link is what L2 provides, which reaches everything within TTL 1<br>
&gt; beyond a given interface.<br>
&gt;<br>
&gt; If we stick to these definitions, we will indeed save ourselves lots of<br>
&gt; trouble. Do you agree?<br>
<br>
</div>In general, I agree on the intention. But we should be very careful here.<br>
I suggest xref to RFCs that are in line with what you say. And try to use<br>
the same wording. And explain if not (e.g. clarify or correct)<br></blockquote><div><br></div><div>OK. Let&#39;s do that. Any suggestions?</div><div>&nbsp;</div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">


<br>
There would be small nits forever. Just to come up with some, what with<br>
off-link addresses? Are two of those in the same prefix also in the same<br>
subnet? Use &quot;without TTL decrement&quot; instead of &quot;TTL 1&quot;?</blockquote><div><br></div><div>If we base ourselves on these definitions, an address is off-link if it is not on the same subnet, i.e. not in the set of IP addresses that form this subnet.&nbsp;</div>

<div><br></div><div>As Thomas Narten pointed out, this set may not be a prefix. So being in the same prefix does not necessarily mean being on the same subnet.</div><div><br></div><div>I&#39;m personally OK with using &quot;without TTL decrement&quot;.</div>

<div><br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">
<br>
Somewhat more important: Is a IP addresses within a prefix, that is assigned<br>
&amp; configured on an interface, but that is not on-link, part of a subnet? If<br>
not, I think somewhat should write this down. 6MAN?<br>
<font color="#888888"><br>
</font></blockquote></div><br></div><div>I&#39;m not sure I understand your question. Do you mean: if the set of addresses that form a subnet is not a prefix, what do you configure the interface with, in terms of prefix? If this is correct, I think this is an architectural question, that we may want to answer in a second phase. Don&#39;t you think?</div>
<div><br></div><div>Emmanuel</div>

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Hello Emmanuel,

I want to differ with this proposal, as follows:

Emmanuel Baccelli wrote:
> Maybe we are hitting the heart of the misunderstanding. I think we
> should indeed distinguish prefix and subnet terms, and stick to
> something like:
>
> - a prefix is a contiguous range of IP addresses.
>   
O.K., except that it _defines_ a contiguous range of IP addresses.

> - a subnet is a set of IP addresses (that may or may not be a prefix)
> that are on the same link. All these addresses are then on-link with
> respect to this link.
>   

I would greatly prefer to separate the definition of a subnet
from the definition of a link.  We should make a subnet a matter
of addressability, not a matter of transmission ranges.  In other
words, it's a layer-3 concept, not a layer-2 concept.

> - a link is what L2 provides, which reaches everything within TTL 1
> beyond a given interface.
>   

I agree with this as far as it goes -- at least as a good
starting point.

Regards,
Charlie P.

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Hi Charlie,
great that you think this is a good starting point ;) See below:

Charles E. Perkins a =E9crit :
>>
>> - a prefix is a contiguous range of IP addresses.
>>   =

> O.K., except that it _defines_ a contiguous range of IP addresses.
> =


I'm personally OK with this.

>> - a subnet is a set of IP addresses (that may or may not be a prefix)
>> that are on the same link. All these addresses are then on-link with
>> respect to this link.
>>   =

> =

> I would greatly prefer to separate the definition of a subnet
> from the definition of a link.  We should make a subnet a matter
> of addressability, not a matter of transmission ranges.  In other
> words, it's a layer-3 concept, not a layer-2 concept.
> =


I think that even if it is a layer 3 concept, the definition of subnet
should be tied with TTL decrement, and thus to a link.

The reasons for this are all the comments from Dave Thaler about the IP
service model, and other comments from Thomas Narten about 9.0.0.0/8
being a "subnet" to some people.

So I think having a stricter, tying definition about a subnet is
actually what we need to get out of this mess, while sticking to what
MANET reality is. Don't you think?


>> - a link is what L2 provides, which reaches everything within TTL 1
>> beyond a given interface.
>>   =

> =

> I agree with this as far as it goes -- at least as a good
> starting point.
> =

> Regards,
> Charlie P.
> =


Great. Let's refine.
Emmanuel
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From: Thomas Narten <narten@us.ibm.com>
Subject: [Autoconf] why were are defining a link model...
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Just a quick reminder, so we don't lose sight of the actual goal
of this WG.

The reason we have been having this long discussion about the link
model, and the reason why I still think it is quite important to get
some basic agreement on terminology and architecture is so we can get
agreement and a shared understanding of what the actual problem is
this WG needs to work on. In the past, we were worlds apart as to what
the actual problem was and/or why existing protocols weren't good
enough. You can't have a discussion about that if the details of what
a MANET is (and is not) are not understood in a consistent manner.

Going back to the charter, here are two of original deliverables:

> - Develop an IPv6 address autoconfiguration mechanism to be used by ad
> hoc nodes for configuring unique local addresses as well as, in cases
> where Internet connectivity exists, globally routable unique
> addresses.

> - Develop a mechanism to promote configured address uniqueness in the
> situation where different ad hoc networks merge.

When I see the above words, I immediately ask such questions as :

- which "ad hoc nodes"? the Routers? the hosts hanging off of them?

- what is a ULA as referred to above? addresses that can be used
  within the MANET that are unique within the MANET? If so, why is it
  not good enough to use an IPv6 ULA prefix and the MANET router's MAC
  address to create unique addresses? (hint: the answer almost
  certainly depends on what assumption one makes about links/subnets)

and so forth.  

Thomas
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> If we base ourselves on these definitions, =

> an address is off-link if it is not on the same subnet,
> i.e. not in the set of IP addresses that form this subnet.=A0

> As Thomas Narten pointed out, this set may not be a prefix. =

> So being in the same prefix does not necessarily mean being =

> on the same subnet.

OK.
draft-ietf-6man-ipv6-subnet-model-02 (IPv6 Subnet Model: the Relationship
between Links and Subnet Prefixes) discusses this.
Can we conclude that "IPv6 subnet" equals "IPv6 on-link prefix" equals "IPv6
subnet prefix" as described in this I-D? (I added IPv6 as context qualifier)

I had the impression that some intended that a subnet is a set of on-link
addresses, which typically would not be contiguous. =

Why not using the aliases as above? =

If not, post this as issue on the 6man draft?
If so, let's follow the 6man draft terminology and use subnet as alias for
on-link prefix. Maybe prefer on-link prefix to keep in line with the 6man
I-D.


>> Somewhat more important: Is a IP addresses within a prefix, =

>> that is assigned & configured on an interface, but that is =

>> not on-link, part of a subnet? If not, I think somewhat =

>> should write this down. 6MAN?

> I'm not sure I understand your question. =

> Do you mean: if the set of addresses that form a subnet is not a prefix, =

> what do you configure the interface with, in terms of prefix? =

> If this is correct, I think this is an architectural question, =

> that we may want to answer in a second phase. Don't you think?

Assumed we use the term subnet for on-link prefix; addresses assigned to
interfaces =

that have a link with each other, but addresses are off-link, these
addresses are not =

in the same on-link prefix and thus not in the same subnet.
If subnet not equals on-link prefix, I agree answering in a second phase.


Teco

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Hello Emmanuel,

More discussion...

Emmanuel Baccelli wrote:
>
>> I would greatly prefer to separate the definition of a subnet
>> from the definition of a link.  We should make a subnet a matter
>> of addressability, not a matter of transmission ranges.  In other
>> words, it's a layer-3 concept, not a layer-2 concept.
>>
>>     
>
> I think that even if it is a layer 3 concept, the definition of subnet
> should be tied with TTL decrement, and thus to a link.
>
> The reasons for this are all the comments from Dave Thaler about the IP
> service model, and other comments from Thomas Narten about 9.0.0.0/8
> being a "subnet" to some people.
>   

Well, 9.0.0.0/8  _could_  be a subnet to some people.  And I very
much believe that "subnet" has to be _strictly_ a layer 3 concept, to be
realized in whatever way is determined to be the best way
according to the system designers.  It could be a subnet realized
by GRE over MPEG.  There could be tricycles involved.  Why
should IP care?

> So I think having a stricter, tying definition about a subnet is
> actually what we need to get out of this mess, while sticking to what
> MANET reality is. Don't you think?
>   

What's important about a subnet is reachability from the
subnet router.  It might even be that the subnet router does
not have completely awareness of how the reachability is
achieved, if the mechanisms for providing reachability
are isolated into auxiliary functional units.

So, I don't agree with this suggestion to have a stricter
definition.


Regards,
Charlie P.

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Hello Thomas,

Continuing the discussion [thanks for joining in]...


Thomas Narten wrote:
> I agree that we need a clean definition of subnet. The term is
> overloaded and different people have different meanings associated
> with it. That has contributed to confusion in the discussions...
>   

Here, I definitely agree.

> Note also that I think Erik's observation about "on-link" being a key
> issue to also be clear about is correct.
>   

I'm a bit nervous about this one.  I can't be comfortable until
I know what kind of link is under discussion.


>
> I'd change that as follows (to highlight the properties that are
> important to us):
>
> A "subnet" is the range of IP addresses that are covered by a
> prefix. All that a subnet defines is which addresses are considered to
> be on the subnet and which are not.
>   
I definitely agree with this.
>
> But if one talks to routing folk, a subnet is an abstraction that is
> not tied to a physical link. For example, IBM has been assigned net
> 9.0.0.0. So, to BGP, 9.0.0.0/8 is a "subnet", even though the actual
> network is a huge cloud of thousands of individual networks.
>   
This is a crucial observation, which we should keep in mind
throughout the discussion.


>
> When talking about MANETs, and talking about subnets (or prefixes) we
> also have to talk about the on-link properties (or lack thereof).
>   

Here is where I start to get nervous again.

> For example, going back to chart 37 of ThomasC's presentation, it may
> well make sense to consider the entire cloud of routers to be part of
> one subnet, but it does not make sense (I assume) to consider that
> same subnet to be "on-link" anywhere within that cloud.

I agree with this, but I worry that there is still room for
confusion.  For instance, what if the entire cloud of routers
is NOT part of one subnet, purely for the reason that no
one router can be reasonably expected to offer connectivity
to the entire cloud?

Furthermore, under many reasonable scenarios, we ought
to continue to allow for hosts with IP addresses that are
NOT part of the subnet prefix to still get service from the
cloud.


Regards,
Charlie P.

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Hi again Charlie,


>
>>  I would greatly prefer to separate the definition of a subnet
>>> from the definition of a link.  We should make a subnet a matter
>>> of addressability, not a matter of transmission ranges.  In other
>>> words, it's a layer-3 concept, not a layer-2 concept.
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>
>> I think that even if it is a layer 3 concept, the definition of subnet
>> should be tied with TTL decrement, and thus to a link.
>>
>> The reasons for this are all the comments from Dave Thaler about the IP
>> service model, and other comments from Thomas Narten about 9.0.0.0/8
>> being a "subnet" to some people.
>>
>>
>
> Well, 9.0.0.0/8  _could_  be a subnet to some people.  And I very
> much believe that "subnet" has to be _strictly_ a layer 3 concept, to be
> realized in whatever way is determined to be the best way
> according to the system designers.  It could be a subnet realized
> by GRE over MPEG.  There could be tricycles involved.  Why
> should IP care?
>

I think I see what you mean. But then what is the difference between a
subnet and a prefix? If there is no difference, why do 2 terms exist? If
there is a difference, then I think the safest in our context is along the
lines we are currently refining, i.e.

- a prefix defines a contiguous range of IP addresses.
- a subnet is a set of IP addresses (that may or may not be a prefix)
that are on the same link. These addresses are then on-link with
respect to this link. All other addresses are off-link.
- a link is what lower layers reach without TTL decrement, through a given
interface.


>From what you say, I guess the difference you are trying to make between
"subnet" and "prefix" involves routability. However, according to how
non-routing people use these terms, both are routable (for example Narten's
9.0.0.0/8 ), and this it is still confusing. Thus I think we really do need
stricter definitions that do not involve routing concepts, in order to
distinguish the term "subnet" from the term "prefix".

Moreover, TTL is a L3 thing. So the definition above is still intrinsically
L3, so we are fine in that respect.




>
>  So I think having a stricter, tying definition about a subnet is
>> actually what we need to get out of this mess, while sticking to what
>> MANET reality is. Don't you think?
>>
>>
>
> What's important about a subnet is reachability from the
> subnet router.  It might even be that the subnet router does
> not have completely awareness of how the reachability is
> achieved, if the mechanisms for providing reachability
> are isolated into auxiliary functional units.
>
> So, I don't agree with this suggestion to have a stricter
> definition.
>
>
> Regards,
> Charlie P.
>
>

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Hi again Charlie,<br><br><div class="gmail_quote"><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex;"><div class="Ih2E3d"><br>
<blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">
<br>
<blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">
I would greatly prefer to separate the definition of a subnet<br>
from the definition of a link. &nbsp;We should make a subnet a matter<br>
of addressability, not a matter of transmission ranges. &nbsp;In other<br>
words, it&#39;s a layer-3 concept, not a layer-2 concept.<br>
<br>
 &nbsp; &nbsp;<br>
</blockquote>
<br>
I think that even if it is a layer 3 concept, the definition of subnet<br>
should be tied with TTL decrement, and thus to a link.<br>
<br>
The reasons for this are all the comments from Dave Thaler about the IP<br>
service model, and other comments from Thomas Narten about <a href="http://9.0.0.0/8" target="_blank">9.0.0.0/8</a><br>
being a &quot;subnet&quot; to some people.<br>
 &nbsp;<br>
</blockquote>
<br></div>
Well, <a href="http://9.0.0.0/8" target="_blank">9.0.0.0/8</a> &nbsp;_could_ &nbsp;be a subnet to some people. &nbsp;And I very<br>
much believe that &quot;subnet&quot; has to be _strictly_ a layer 3 concept, to be<br>
realized in whatever way is determined to be the best way<br>
according to the system designers. &nbsp;It could be a subnet realized<br>
by GRE over MPEG. &nbsp;There could be tricycles involved. &nbsp;Why<br>
should IP care?<div class="Ih2E3d"></div></blockquote><div><br></div><div>I think I see what you mean. But then what is the difference between a subnet and a prefix? If there is no difference, why do 2 terms exist? If there is a difference, then I think the safest in our context is along the lines we are currently refining, i.e.</div>
<div><br></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; ">- a prefix defines a contiguous range of IP addresses.<br>- a subnet is a set of IP addresses (that may or may not be a prefix)<br>that are on the same link. These addresses are then on-link with<br>
respect to this link. All other addresses are off-link.<br>- a link is what lower layers reach without TTL decrement, through&nbsp;a given interface.</span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse;"><br>
</span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse;"><br></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse;">From what you say, I guess the difference you are trying to make between &quot;subnet&quot; and &quot;prefix&quot; involves routability. However, according to how non-routing people use these terms, both are routable (for example Narten&#39;s&nbsp;<span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: separate; "><a href="http://9.0.0.0/8" target="_blank">9.0.0.0/8</a>&nbsp;<span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; ">), and this it is still confusing. Thus I think we really do need stricter definitions that do not involve routing concepts, in order to distinguish the term&nbsp;&quot;subnet&quot; from the term &quot;prefix&quot;.</span></span></span></div>
<div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse;"><br></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse;">Moreover, TTL is a L3 thing. So the definition above is still intrinsically L3, so we are fine in that respect.</span></div>
<div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse;"><br></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse;"><br></span></div><div>&nbsp;</div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex;">
<div class="Ih2E3d">
<br>
<blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">
So I think having a stricter, tying definition about a subnet is<br>
actually what we need to get out of this mess, while sticking to what<br>
MANET reality is. Don&#39;t you think?<br>
 &nbsp;<br>
</blockquote>
<br></div>
What&#39;s important about a subnet is reachability from the<br>
subnet router. &nbsp;It might even be that the subnet router does<br>
not have completely awareness of how the reachability is<br>
achieved, if the mechanisms for providing reachability<br>
are isolated into auxiliary functional units.<br>
<br>
So, I don&#39;t agree with this suggestion to have a stricter<br>
definition.<br>
<br>
<br>
Regards,<br>
Charlie P.<br>
<br>
</blockquote></div><br>

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Hi Thomas,

On Thu, Nov 20, 2008 at 8:35 PM, Thomas Narten <narten@us.ibm.com> wrote:
>
>
> When I see the above words, I immediately ask such questions as :
>
> - which "ad hoc nodes"? the Routers? the hosts hanging off of them?



>
> - what is a ULA as referred to above? addresses that can be used
>  within the MANET that are unique within the MANET? If so, why is it
>  not good enough to use an IPv6 ULA prefix and the MANET router's MAC
>  address to create unique addresses? (hint: the answer almost
>  certainly depends on what assumption one makes about links/subnets)
>
> and so forth.
>
> Thomas



OK. So on this subject, could you actually tell us what you think about the
following definitions?

- a prefix defines a contiguous range of IP addresses.- a subnet is a set of
IP addresses (that may or may not be a prefix)
that are on the same link. These addresses are then on-link with
respect to this link. All other addresses are off-link.
- a link is what lower layers reach without TTL decrement, through a given
interface.

Do they make sense to you? Or what do you suggest alternatively?

cheers
Emmanuel

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Hi Thomas,<br><br><div class="gmail_quote">On Thu, Nov 20, 2008 at 8:35 PM, Thomas Narten <span dir="ltr">&lt;<a href="mailto:narten@us.ibm.com">narten@us.ibm.com</a>&gt;</span> wrote:<blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex;">

<br>
When I see the above words, I immediately ask such questions as :<br>
<br>
- which &quot;ad hoc nodes&quot;? the Routers? the hosts hanging off of them?</blockquote><div>&nbsp;</div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex;">
<br>
- what is a ULA as referred to above? addresses that can be used<br>
 &nbsp;within the MANET that are unique within the MANET? If so, why is it<br>
 &nbsp;not good enough to use an IPv6 ULA prefix and the MANET router&#39;s MAC<br>
 &nbsp;address to create unique addresses? (hint: the answer almost<br>
 &nbsp;certainly depends on what assumption one makes about links/subnets)<br>
<br>
and so forth.<br>
<br>
Thomas</blockquote><div><br></div><div><br></div><div><div>OK. So on this subject, could you actually tell us what you think about the following definitions?&nbsp;</div><div><br></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; ">- a prefix defines a contiguous range of IP addresses.<div class="Ih2E3d" style="color: rgb(80, 0, 80); ">
- a subnet is a set of IP addresses (that may or may not be a prefix)<br></div>that are on the same link. These addresses are then on-link with<br>respect to this link. All other addresses are off-link.<br>- a link is what lower layers reach without TTL decrement, through&nbsp;a given interface.</span><br>
</div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; "><br></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: separate; ">Do they make sense to you? Or what do you suggest alternatively?</span><br>
</span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse;"><br></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse;">cheers</span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; ">Emmanuel</span></div>
</div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div>&nbsp;</div></div>

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Subject: [Autoconf] Try to eliminate term subnet?
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All,

It seems that the term "subnet" is confusing.
So I can agree with Thomas C his draft, title Figure 5: MANET Subnet
Challenge

I think we make life more easy to get rid of confusing terminology.
Has someone a problem not using the term subnet in our documents? We know
what prefixes are (entities where we can route to) and what addresses are
(endpoint identifiers). Then we can work on the details on IPv6 address
assignments, which have IMHO nothing to do with the discussion on the term
subnet.


Just recap the proposal from Emmanuel, eliminating subnet:
- a prefix defines a contiguous range of IP addresses.
- a link is what lower layers reach without TTL decrement, through a given
interface.


In our charter, the term subnet is mentioned a few times:
===
The address autoconfiguration related protocol specifications such as
RFCs 2462, 2461, as used in traditional IP networks, assume that
subnet-local signals (e.g. link-local multicast signals) are received
by each of the hosts on the particular subnet without being forwarded
by the routers defining the subnet boundary. Hence, ad hoc networks
(as defined and understood by the IETF MANET WG) cannot use these
protocol specifications as-is.
===

I would read this as:
===
The address autoconfiguration related protocol specifications such as
RFCs 2462, 2461, as used in traditional IP networks, assume that
link-local signals (e.g. link-local multicast signals) are received
by each of the hosts on the particular medium without being forwarded
by the routers defining the medium boundary. Hence, ad hoc networks
(as defined and understood by the IETF MANET WG) cannot use these
protocol specifications as-is.
===
1st subnet -> link
2nd subnet -> medium
3th subnet -> medium

RFC4861 says that a link is a medium, which does not apply for RF
communication.
The description for a link in RFC4861 says link equals medium, but luckily,
it does not list RF spectrum as an example.
So if we refine our understanding of a link and / or communications facility
for RF, we are done.
Actually I am writing something down on what service 802.11-2007 provides
for the IP layer.


Regards, Teco



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To: "Teco Boot" <teco@inf-net.nl>,<autoconf@ietf.org>
From: mase <mase@ie.niigata-u.ac.jp>
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Subject: Re: [Autoconf] Try to eliminate term subnet?
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I strongly agree with not using the term "subnet". As I wrote, I 
think that subnet only introduces a lot of confusions.

Kenichi

At 08:15 08/11/21, Teco Boot wrote:
>All,
>
>It seems that the term "subnet" is confusing.
>So I can agree with Thomas C his draft, title Figure 5: MANET Subnet
>Challenge
>
>I think we make life more easy to get rid of confusing terminology.
>Has someone a problem not using the term subnet in our documents? We know
>what prefixes are (entities where we can route to) and what addresses are
>(endpoint identifiers). Then we can work on the details on IPv6 address
>assignments, which have IMHO nothing to do with the discussion on the term
>subnet.
>
>
>Just recap the proposal from Emmanuel, eliminating subnet:
>- a prefix defines a contiguous range of IP addresses.
>- a link is what lower layers reach without TTL decrement, through a given
>interface.
>
>
>In our charter, the term subnet is mentioned a few times:
>===
>The address autoconfiguration related protocol specifications such as
>RFCs 2462, 2461, as used in traditional IP networks, assume that
>subnet-local signals (e.g. link-local multicast signals) are received
>by each of the hosts on the particular subnet without being forwarded
>by the routers defining the subnet boundary. Hence, ad hoc networks
>(as defined and understood by the IETF MANET WG) cannot use these
>protocol specifications as-is.
>===
>
>I would read this as:
>===
>The address autoconfiguration related protocol specifications such as
>RFCs 2462, 2461, as used in traditional IP networks, assume that
>link-local signals (e.g. link-local multicast signals) are received
>by each of the hosts on the particular medium without being forwarded
>by the routers defining the medium boundary. Hence, ad hoc networks
>(as defined and understood by the IETF MANET WG) cannot use these
>protocol specifications as-is.
>===
>1st subnet -> link
>2nd subnet -> medium
>3th subnet -> medium
>
>RFC4861 says that a link is a medium, which does not apply for RF
>communication.
>The description for a link in RFC4861 says link equals medium, but luckily,
>it does not list RF spectrum as an example.
>So if we refine our understanding of a link and / or communications facility
>for RF, we are done.
>Actually I am writing something down on what service 802.11-2007 provides
>for the IP layer.
>
>
>Regards, Teco
>
>
>
>_______________________________________________
>Autoconf mailing list
>Autoconf@ietf.org
>https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/autoconf


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Subject: Re: [Autoconf] Try to eliminate term subnet?
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+1

"subnet" is overloaded in so many ways.

If it is used in a document, it MUST be clearly and carefully defined.

- Ralph

On Nov 20, 2008, at Nov 20, 2008,6:53 PM, mase wrote:

> I strongly agree with not using the term "subnet". As I wrote, I  
> think that subnet only introduces a lot of confusions.
>
> Kenichi
>
> At 08:15 08/11/21, Teco Boot wrote:
>> All,
>>
>> It seems that the term "subnet" is confusing.
>> So I can agree with Thomas C his draft, title Figure 5: MANET Subnet
>> Challenge
>>
>> I think we make life more easy to get rid of confusing terminology.
>> Has someone a problem not using the term subnet in our documents?  
>> We know
>> what prefixes are (entities where we can route to) and what  
>> addresses are
>> (endpoint identifiers). Then we can work on the details on IPv6  
>> address
>> assignments, which have IMHO nothing to do with the discussion on  
>> the term
>> subnet.
>>
>>
>> Just recap the proposal from Emmanuel, eliminating subnet:
>> - a prefix defines a contiguous range of IP addresses.
>> - a link is what lower layers reach without TTL decrement, through  
>> a given
>> interface.
>>
>>
>> In our charter, the term subnet is mentioned a few times:
>> ===
>> The address autoconfiguration related protocol specifications such as
>> RFCs 2462, 2461, as used in traditional IP networks, assume that
>> subnet-local signals (e.g. link-local multicast signals) are received
>> by each of the hosts on the particular subnet without being forwarded
>> by the routers defining the subnet boundary. Hence, ad hoc networks
>> (as defined and understood by the IETF MANET WG) cannot use these
>> protocol specifications as-is.
>> ===
>>
>> I would read this as:
>> ===
>> The address autoconfiguration related protocol specifications such as
>> RFCs 2462, 2461, as used in traditional IP networks, assume that
>> link-local signals (e.g. link-local multicast signals) are received
>> by each of the hosts on the particular medium without being forwarded
>> by the routers defining the medium boundary. Hence, ad hoc networks
>> (as defined and understood by the IETF MANET WG) cannot use these
>> protocol specifications as-is.
>> ===
>> 1st subnet -> link
>> 2nd subnet -> medium
>> 3th subnet -> medium
>>
>> RFC4861 says that a link is a medium, which does not apply for RF
>> communication.
>> The description for a link in RFC4861 says link equals medium, but  
>> luckily,
>> it does not list RF spectrum as an example.
>> So if we refine our understanding of a link and / or communications  
>> facility
>> for RF, we are done.
>> Actually I am writing something down on what service 802.11-2007  
>> provides
>> for the IP layer.
>>
>>
>> Regards, Teco
>>
>>
>>
>> _______________________________________________
>> Autoconf mailing list
>> Autoconf@ietf.org
>> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/autoconf
>
>
> _______________________________________________
> Autoconf mailing list
> Autoconf@ietf.org
> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/autoconf

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Hello folks,

I am very nervous about not having a definition for the
term "subnet" for two reasons:

- If we don't define it, we must constantly be on watch to
    make sure it is not used, and to explain why it is not
    used.  This will be a battle of perpetual weariness.

- As difficult as it may be, a subnet would naturally be
    the unit of address allocation.  And, that's what we
    are tasked with doing in [autoconf].  Of course we
    could allocate addresses out of some random grab
    bag of addresses, but I'm willing to bet people would
    not like that.

Besides that, if we're willing to forgo the pleasure of
making a subnet map onto a pretend Ethernet, I think
it is manageable.

We have some candidate definitions that seem to
work.  Why not go forward with one of them?

Regards,
Charlie P.


Teco Boot wrote:
> All,
>
> It seems that the term "subnet" is confusing.
> So I can agree with Thomas C his draft, title Figure 5: MANET Subnet
> Challenge
>
> I think we make life more easy to get rid of confusing terminology.
> Has someone a problem not using the term subnet in our documents? We know
> what prefixes are (entities where we can route to) and what addresses are
> (endpoint identifiers). Then we can work on the details on IPv6 address
> assignments, which have IMHO nothing to do with the discussion on the term
> subnet.
>
>
> Just recap the proposal from Emmanuel, eliminating subnet:
> - a prefix defines a contiguous range of IP addresses.
> - a link is what lower layers reach without TTL decrement, through a given
> interface.
>
>
> In our charter, the term subnet is mentioned a few times:
> ===
> The address autoconfiguration related protocol specifications such as
> RFCs 2462, 2461, as used in traditional IP networks, assume that
> subnet-local signals (e.g. link-local multicast signals) are received
> by each of the hosts on the particular subnet without being forwarded
> by the routers defining the subnet boundary. Hence, ad hoc networks
> (as defined and understood by the IETF MANET WG) cannot use these
> protocol specifications as-is.
> ===
>
> I would read this as:
> ===
> The address autoconfiguration related protocol specifications such as
> RFCs 2462, 2461, as used in traditional IP networks, assume that
> link-local signals (e.g. link-local multicast signals) are received
> by each of the hosts on the particular medium without being forwarded
> by the routers defining the medium boundary. Hence, ad hoc networks
> (as defined and understood by the IETF MANET WG) cannot use these
> protocol specifications as-is.
> ===
> 1st subnet -> link
> 2nd subnet -> medium
> 3th subnet -> medium
>
> RFC4861 says that a link is a medium, which does not apply for RF
> communication.
> The description for a link in RFC4861 says link equals medium, but luckily,
> it does not list RF spectrum as an example.
> So if we refine our understanding of a link and / or communications facility
> for RF, we are done.
> Actually I am writing something down on what service 802.11-2007 provides
> for the IP layer.
>
>
> Regards, Teco
>
>
>
> _______________________________________________
> Autoconf mailing list
> Autoconf@ietf.org
> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/autoconf
>
>
>   

_______________________________________________
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Date: Fri, 21 Nov 2008 01:43:43 +0100
From: "Emmanuel Baccelli" <emmanuel.baccelli@gmail.com>
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Subject: Re: [Autoconf] Try to eliminate term subnet?
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I agree with Charlie. I think we have no choice: we (in autoconf) must
unfortunately explain somewhere how we relate to the basic term "subnet", as
well as to the terms "prefix", "link" etc.Emmanuel

On Fri, Nov 21, 2008 at 1:23 AM, Charles E. Perkins <
charles.perkins@earthlink.net> wrote:

>
> Hello folks,
>
> I am very nervous about not having a definition for the
> term "subnet" for two reasons:
>
> - If we don't define it, we must constantly be on watch to
>   make sure it is not used, and to explain why it is not
>   used.  This will be a battle of perpetual weariness.
>
> - As difficult as it may be, a subnet would naturally be
>   the unit of address allocation.  And, that's what we
>   are tasked with doing in [autoconf].  Of course we
>   could allocate addresses out of some random grab
>   bag of addresses, but I'm willing to bet people would
>   not like that.
>
> Besides that, if we're willing to forgo the pleasure of
> making a subnet map onto a pretend Ethernet, I think
> it is manageable.
>
> We have some candidate definitions that seem to
> work.  Why not go forward with one of them?
>
> Regards,
> Charlie P.
>
>
>
> Teco Boot wrote:
>
>> All,
>>
>> It seems that the term "subnet" is confusing.
>> So I can agree with Thomas C his draft, title Figure 5: MANET Subnet
>> Challenge
>>
>> I think we make life more easy to get rid of confusing terminology.
>> Has someone a problem not using the term subnet in our documents? We know
>> what prefixes are (entities where we can route to) and what addresses are
>> (endpoint identifiers). Then we can work on the details on IPv6 address
>> assignments, which have IMHO nothing to do with the discussion on the term
>> subnet.
>>
>>
>> Just recap the proposal from Emmanuel, eliminating subnet:
>> - a prefix defines a contiguous range of IP addresses.
>> - a link is what lower layers reach without TTL decrement, through a given
>> interface.
>>
>>
>> In our charter, the term subnet is mentioned a few times:
>> ===
>> The address autoconfiguration related protocol specifications such as
>> RFCs 2462, 2461, as used in traditional IP networks, assume that
>> subnet-local signals (e.g. link-local multicast signals) are received
>> by each of the hosts on the particular subnet without being forwarded
>> by the routers defining the subnet boundary. Hence, ad hoc networks
>> (as defined and understood by the IETF MANET WG) cannot use these
>> protocol specifications as-is.
>> ===
>>
>> I would read this as:
>> ===
>> The address autoconfiguration related protocol specifications such as
>> RFCs 2462, 2461, as used in traditional IP networks, assume that
>> link-local signals (e.g. link-local multicast signals) are received
>> by each of the hosts on the particular medium without being forwarded
>> by the routers defining the medium boundary. Hence, ad hoc networks
>> (as defined and understood by the IETF MANET WG) cannot use these
>> protocol specifications as-is.
>> ===
>> 1st subnet -> link
>> 2nd subnet -> medium
>> 3th subnet -> medium
>>
>> RFC4861 says that a link is a medium, which does not apply for RF
>> communication.
>> The description for a link in RFC4861 says link equals medium, but
>> luckily,
>> it does not list RF spectrum as an example.
>> So if we refine our understanding of a link and / or communications
>> facility
>> for RF, we are done.
>> Actually I am writing something down on what service 802.11-2007 provides
>> for the IP layer.
>>
>>
>> Regards, Teco
>>
>>
>>
>> _______________________________________________
>> Autoconf mailing list
>> Autoconf@ietf.org
>> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/autoconf
>>
>>
>>
>>
>
> _______________________________________________
> Autoconf mailing list
> Autoconf@ietf.org
> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/autoconf
>

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I agree with Charlie. I think we have no choice: we (in autoconf) must unfortunately explain somewhere how we relate to the basic term &quot;subnet&quot;, as well as to the terms &quot;prefix&quot;, &quot;link&quot; etc.<div>
Emmanuel<br><br><div class="gmail_quote">On Fri, Nov 21, 2008 at 1:23 AM, Charles E. Perkins <span dir="ltr">&lt;<a href="mailto:charles.perkins@earthlink.net">charles.perkins@earthlink.net</a>&gt;</span> wrote:<br><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex;">
<br>
Hello folks,<br>
<br>
I am very nervous about not having a definition for the<br>
term &quot;subnet&quot; for two reasons:<br>
<br>
- If we don&#39;t define it, we must constantly be on watch to<br>
 &nbsp; make sure it is not used, and to explain why it is not<br>
 &nbsp; used. &nbsp;This will be a battle of perpetual weariness.<br>
<br>
- As difficult as it may be, a subnet would naturally be<br>
 &nbsp; the unit of address allocation. &nbsp;And, that&#39;s what we<br>
 &nbsp; are tasked with doing in [autoconf]. &nbsp;Of course we<br>
 &nbsp; could allocate addresses out of some random grab<br>
 &nbsp; bag of addresses, but I&#39;m willing to bet people would<br>
 &nbsp; not like that.<br>
<br>
Besides that, if we&#39;re willing to forgo the pleasure of<br>
making a subnet map onto a pretend Ethernet, I think<br>
it is manageable.<br>
<br>
We have some candidate definitions that seem to<br>
work. &nbsp;Why not go forward with one of them?<br>
<br>
Regards,<br>
Charlie P.<div><div></div><div class="Wj3C7c"><br>
<br>
<br>
Teco Boot wrote:<br>
<blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">
All,<br>
<br>
It seems that the term &quot;subnet&quot; is confusing.<br>
So I can agree with Thomas C his draft, title Figure 5: MANET Subnet<br>
Challenge<br>
<br>
I think we make life more easy to get rid of confusing terminology.<br>
Has someone a problem not using the term subnet in our documents? We know<br>
what prefixes are (entities where we can route to) and what addresses are<br>
(endpoint identifiers). Then we can work on the details on IPv6 address<br>
assignments, which have IMHO nothing to do with the discussion on the term<br>
subnet.<br>
<br>
<br>
Just recap the proposal from Emmanuel, eliminating subnet:<br>
- a prefix defines a contiguous range of IP addresses.<br>
- a link is what lower layers reach without TTL decrement, through a given<br>
interface.<br>
<br>
<br>
In our charter, the term subnet is mentioned a few times:<br>
===<br>
The address autoconfiguration related protocol specifications such as<br>
RFCs 2462, 2461, as used in traditional IP networks, assume that<br>
subnet-local signals (e.g. link-local multicast signals) are received<br>
by each of the hosts on the particular subnet without being forwarded<br>
by the routers defining the subnet boundary. Hence, ad hoc networks<br>
(as defined and understood by the IETF MANET WG) cannot use these<br>
protocol specifications as-is.<br>
===<br>
<br>
I would read this as:<br>
===<br>
The address autoconfiguration related protocol specifications such as<br>
RFCs 2462, 2461, as used in traditional IP networks, assume that<br>
link-local signals (e.g. link-local multicast signals) are received<br>
by each of the hosts on the particular medium without being forwarded<br>
by the routers defining the medium boundary. Hence, ad hoc networks<br>
(as defined and understood by the IETF MANET WG) cannot use these<br>
protocol specifications as-is.<br>
===<br>
1st subnet -&gt; link<br>
2nd subnet -&gt; medium<br>
3th subnet -&gt; medium<br>
<br>
RFC4861 says that a link is a medium, which does not apply for RF<br>
communication.<br>
The description for a link in RFC4861 says link equals medium, but luckily,<br>
it does not list RF spectrum as an example.<br>
So if we refine our understanding of a link and / or communications facility<br>
for RF, we are done.<br>
Actually I am writing something down on what service 802.11-2007 provides<br>
for the IP layer.<br>
<br>
<br>
Regards, Teco<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
_______________________________________________<br>
Autoconf mailing list<br>
<a href="mailto:Autoconf@ietf.org" target="_blank">Autoconf@ietf.org</a><br>
<a href="https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/autoconf" target="_blank">https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/autoconf</a><br>
<br>
<br>
 &nbsp;<br>
</blockquote>
<br>
_______________________________________________<br>
Autoconf mailing list<br>
<a href="mailto:Autoconf@ietf.org" target="_blank">Autoconf@ietf.org</a><br>
<a href="https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/autoconf" target="_blank">https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/autoconf</a><br>
</div></div></blockquote></div><br></div>

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Date: Fri, 21 Nov 2008 01:49:32 +0100
From: "Emmanuel Baccelli" <emmanuel.baccelli@gmail.com>
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Subject: Re: [Autoconf] Try to eliminate term subnet?
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That said, once properly defined in our context, we may not use the concept
as much as elsewhere...Emmanuel

On Fri, Nov 21, 2008 at 1:43 AM, Emmanuel Baccelli <
emmanuel.baccelli@gmail.com> wrote:

> I agree with Charlie. I think we have no choice: we (in autoconf) must
> unfortunately explain somewhere how we relate to the basic term "subnet", as
> well as to the terms "prefix", "link" etc. Emmanuel
>
>
> On Fri, Nov 21, 2008 at 1:23 AM, Charles E. Perkins <
> charles.perkins@earthlink.net> wrote:
>
>>
>> Hello folks,
>>
>> I am very nervous about not having a definition for the
>> term "subnet" for two reasons:
>>
>> - If we don't define it, we must constantly be on watch to
>>   make sure it is not used, and to explain why it is not
>>   used.  This will be a battle of perpetual weariness.
>>
>> - As difficult as it may be, a subnet would naturally be
>>   the unit of address allocation.  And, that's what we
>>   are tasked with doing in [autoconf].  Of course we
>>   could allocate addresses out of some random grab
>>   bag of addresses, but I'm willing to bet people would
>>   not like that.
>>
>> Besides that, if we're willing to forgo the pleasure of
>> making a subnet map onto a pretend Ethernet, I think
>> it is manageable.
>>
>> We have some candidate definitions that seem to
>> work.  Why not go forward with one of them?
>>
>> Regards,
>> Charlie P.
>>
>>
>>
>> Teco Boot wrote:
>>
>>> All,
>>>
>>> It seems that the term "subnet" is confusing.
>>> So I can agree with Thomas C his draft, title Figure 5: MANET Subnet
>>> Challenge
>>>
>>> I think we make life more easy to get rid of confusing terminology.
>>> Has someone a problem not using the term subnet in our documents? We know
>>> what prefixes are (entities where we can route to) and what addresses are
>>> (endpoint identifiers). Then we can work on the details on IPv6 address
>>> assignments, which have IMHO nothing to do with the discussion on the
>>> term
>>> subnet.
>>>
>>>
>>> Just recap the proposal from Emmanuel, eliminating subnet:
>>> - a prefix defines a contiguous range of IP addresses.
>>> - a link is what lower layers reach without TTL decrement, through a
>>> given
>>> interface.
>>>
>>>
>>> In our charter, the term subnet is mentioned a few times:
>>> ===
>>> The address autoconfiguration related protocol specifications such as
>>> RFCs 2462, 2461, as used in traditional IP networks, assume that
>>> subnet-local signals (e.g. link-local multicast signals) are received
>>> by each of the hosts on the particular subnet without being forwarded
>>> by the routers defining the subnet boundary. Hence, ad hoc networks
>>> (as defined and understood by the IETF MANET WG) cannot use these
>>> protocol specifications as-is.
>>> ===
>>>
>>> I would read this as:
>>> ===
>>> The address autoconfiguration related protocol specifications such as
>>> RFCs 2462, 2461, as used in traditional IP networks, assume that
>>> link-local signals (e.g. link-local multicast signals) are received
>>> by each of the hosts on the particular medium without being forwarded
>>> by the routers defining the medium boundary. Hence, ad hoc networks
>>> (as defined and understood by the IETF MANET WG) cannot use these
>>> protocol specifications as-is.
>>> ===
>>> 1st subnet -> link
>>> 2nd subnet -> medium
>>> 3th subnet -> medium
>>>
>>> RFC4861 says that a link is a medium, which does not apply for RF
>>> communication.
>>> The description for a link in RFC4861 says link equals medium, but
>>> luckily,
>>> it does not list RF spectrum as an example.
>>> So if we refine our understanding of a link and / or communications
>>> facility
>>> for RF, we are done.
>>> Actually I am writing something down on what service 802.11-2007 provides
>>> for the IP layer.
>>>
>>>
>>> Regards, Teco
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>> _______________________________________________
>>> Autoconf mailing list
>>> Autoconf@ietf.org
>>> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/autoconf
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>
>> _______________________________________________
>> Autoconf mailing list
>> Autoconf@ietf.org
>> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/autoconf
>>
>
>

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That said, once properly defined in our context, we may not use the concept as much as elsewhere...<div>Emmanuel<br><br><div class="gmail_quote">On Fri, Nov 21, 2008 at 1:43 AM, Emmanuel Baccelli <span dir="ltr">&lt;<a href="mailto:emmanuel.baccelli@gmail.com">emmanuel.baccelli@gmail.com</a>&gt;</span> wrote:<br>
<blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex;">I agree with Charlie. I think we have no choice: we (in autoconf) must unfortunately explain somewhere how we relate to the basic term &quot;subnet&quot;, as well as to the terms &quot;prefix&quot;, &quot;link&quot; etc.<div>

Emmanuel<div><div></div><div class="Wj3C7c"><br><br><div class="gmail_quote">On Fri, Nov 21, 2008 at 1:23 AM, Charles E. Perkins <span dir="ltr">&lt;<a href="mailto:charles.perkins@earthlink.net" target="_blank">charles.perkins@earthlink.net</a>&gt;</span> wrote:<br>
<blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">
<br>
Hello folks,<br>
<br>
I am very nervous about not having a definition for the<br>
term &quot;subnet&quot; for two reasons:<br>
<br>
- If we don&#39;t define it, we must constantly be on watch to<br>
 &nbsp; make sure it is not used, and to explain why it is not<br>
 &nbsp; used. &nbsp;This will be a battle of perpetual weariness.<br>
<br>
- As difficult as it may be, a subnet would naturally be<br>
 &nbsp; the unit of address allocation. &nbsp;And, that&#39;s what we<br>
 &nbsp; are tasked with doing in [autoconf]. &nbsp;Of course we<br>
 &nbsp; could allocate addresses out of some random grab<br>
 &nbsp; bag of addresses, but I&#39;m willing to bet people would<br>
 &nbsp; not like that.<br>
<br>
Besides that, if we&#39;re willing to forgo the pleasure of<br>
making a subnet map onto a pretend Ethernet, I think<br>
it is manageable.<br>
<br>
We have some candidate definitions that seem to<br>
work. &nbsp;Why not go forward with one of them?<br>
<br>
Regards,<br>
Charlie P.<div><div></div><div><br>
<br>
<br>
Teco Boot wrote:<br>
<blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">
All,<br>
<br>
It seems that the term &quot;subnet&quot; is confusing.<br>
So I can agree with Thomas C his draft, title Figure 5: MANET Subnet<br>
Challenge<br>
<br>
I think we make life more easy to get rid of confusing terminology.<br>
Has someone a problem not using the term subnet in our documents? We know<br>
what prefixes are (entities where we can route to) and what addresses are<br>
(endpoint identifiers). Then we can work on the details on IPv6 address<br>
assignments, which have IMHO nothing to do with the discussion on the term<br>
subnet.<br>
<br>
<br>
Just recap the proposal from Emmanuel, eliminating subnet:<br>
- a prefix defines a contiguous range of IP addresses.<br>
- a link is what lower layers reach without TTL decrement, through a given<br>
interface.<br>
<br>
<br>
In our charter, the term subnet is mentioned a few times:<br>
===<br>
The address autoconfiguration related protocol specifications such as<br>
RFCs 2462, 2461, as used in traditional IP networks, assume that<br>
subnet-local signals (e.g. link-local multicast signals) are received<br>
by each of the hosts on the particular subnet without being forwarded<br>
by the routers defining the subnet boundary. Hence, ad hoc networks<br>
(as defined and understood by the IETF MANET WG) cannot use these<br>
protocol specifications as-is.<br>
===<br>
<br>
I would read this as:<br>
===<br>
The address autoconfiguration related protocol specifications such as<br>
RFCs 2462, 2461, as used in traditional IP networks, assume that<br>
link-local signals (e.g. link-local multicast signals) are received<br>
by each of the hosts on the particular medium without being forwarded<br>
by the routers defining the medium boundary. Hence, ad hoc networks<br>
(as defined and understood by the IETF MANET WG) cannot use these<br>
protocol specifications as-is.<br>
===<br>
1st subnet -&gt; link<br>
2nd subnet -&gt; medium<br>
3th subnet -&gt; medium<br>
<br>
RFC4861 says that a link is a medium, which does not apply for RF<br>
communication.<br>
The description for a link in RFC4861 says link equals medium, but luckily,<br>
it does not list RF spectrum as an example.<br>
So if we refine our understanding of a link and / or communications facility<br>
for RF, we are done.<br>
Actually I am writing something down on what service 802.11-2007 provides<br>
for the IP layer.<br>
<br>
<br>
Regards, Teco<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
_______________________________________________<br>
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<br>
<br>
 &nbsp;<br>
</blockquote>
<br>
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> That said, once properly defined in our context, we may not use the
concept as much as elsewhere...

=20

Then, why bother saying it? Less is more...

=20

Fred

fred.l.templin@boeing.com

=20

________________________________

From: Emmanuel Baccelli [mailto:emmanuel.baccelli@gmail.com]=20
Sent: Thursday, November 20, 2008 4:50 PM
To: autoconf@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Autoconf] Try to eliminate term subnet?

=20

That said, once properly defined in our context, we may not use the
concept as much as elsewhere...

Emmanuel

On Fri, Nov 21, 2008 at 1:43 AM, Emmanuel Baccelli
<emmanuel.baccelli@gmail.com> wrote:

I agree with Charlie. I think we have no choice: we (in autoconf) must
unfortunately explain somewhere how we relate to the basic term
"subnet", as well as to the terms "prefix", "link" etc.

Emmanuel

=20

On Fri, Nov 21, 2008 at 1:23 AM, Charles E. Perkins
<charles.perkins@earthlink.net> wrote:


Hello folks,

I am very nervous about not having a definition for the
term "subnet" for two reasons:

- If we don't define it, we must constantly be on watch to
  make sure it is not used, and to explain why it is not
  used.  This will be a battle of perpetual weariness.

- As difficult as it may be, a subnet would naturally be
  the unit of address allocation.  And, that's what we
  are tasked with doing in [autoconf].  Of course we
  could allocate addresses out of some random grab
  bag of addresses, but I'm willing to bet people would
  not like that.

Besides that, if we're willing to forgo the pleasure of
making a subnet map onto a pretend Ethernet, I think
it is manageable.

We have some candidate definitions that seem to
work.  Why not go forward with one of them?

Regards,
Charlie P.




Teco Boot wrote:

All,

It seems that the term "subnet" is confusing.
So I can agree with Thomas C his draft, title Figure 5: MANET Subnet
Challenge

I think we make life more easy to get rid of confusing terminology.
Has someone a problem not using the term subnet in our documents? We
know
what prefixes are (entities where we can route to) and what addresses
are
(endpoint identifiers). Then we can work on the details on IPv6 address
assignments, which have IMHO nothing to do with the discussion on the
term
subnet.


Just recap the proposal from Emmanuel, eliminating subnet:
- a prefix defines a contiguous range of IP addresses.
- a link is what lower layers reach without TTL decrement, through a
given
interface.


In our charter, the term subnet is mentioned a few times:
=3D=3D=3D
The address autoconfiguration related protocol specifications such as
RFCs 2462, 2461, as used in traditional IP networks, assume that
subnet-local signals (e.g. link-local multicast signals) are received
by each of the hosts on the particular subnet without being forwarded
by the routers defining the subnet boundary. Hence, ad hoc networks
(as defined and understood by the IETF MANET WG) cannot use these
protocol specifications as-is.
=3D=3D=3D

I would read this as:
=3D=3D=3D
The address autoconfiguration related protocol specifications such as
RFCs 2462, 2461, as used in traditional IP networks, assume that
link-local signals (e.g. link-local multicast signals) are received
by each of the hosts on the particular medium without being forwarded
by the routers defining the medium boundary. Hence, ad hoc networks
(as defined and understood by the IETF MANET WG) cannot use these
protocol specifications as-is.
=3D=3D=3D
1st subnet -> link
2nd subnet -> medium
3th subnet -> medium

RFC4861 says that a link is a medium, which does not apply for RF
communication.
The description for a link in RFC4861 says link equals medium, but
luckily,
it does not list RF spectrum as an example.
So if we refine our understanding of a link and / or communications
facility
for RF, we are done.
Actually I am writing something down on what service 802.11-2007
provides
for the IP layer.


Regards, Teco



_______________________________________________
Autoconf mailing list
Autoconf@ietf.org
https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/autoconf


=20


_______________________________________________
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=20

=20


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<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D3 face=3D"Times New Roman"><span =
style=3D'font-size:
12.0pt'>&gt; That said, once properly defined in our context, we may not =
use
the concept as much as elsewhere...<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D3 face=3D"Times New Roman"><span =
style=3D'font-size:
12.0pt'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D3 face=3D"Times New Roman"><span =
style=3D'font-size:
12.0pt'>Then, why bother saying it? Less is =
more&#8230;<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D3 face=3D"Times New Roman"><span =
style=3D'font-size:
12.0pt'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D3 face=3D"Times New Roman"><span =
style=3D'font-size:
12.0pt'>Fred<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D3 face=3D"Times New Roman"><span =
style=3D'font-size:
12.0pt'>fred.l.templin@boeing.com</span></font><font size=3D2 =
color=3Dnavy
face=3DArial><span =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'><o:p></o:p></span=
></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 color=3Dnavy face=3DArial><span =
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0in 4.0pt'>

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<hr size=3D2 width=3D"100%" align=3Dcenter tabindex=3D-1>

</span></font></div>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><b><font size=3D2 face=3DTahoma><span =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Tahoma;font-weight:bold'>From:</span></font></b><font =
size=3D2
face=3DTahoma><span style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Tahoma'> =
Emmanuel
Baccelli [mailto:emmanuel.baccelli@gmail.com] <br>
<b><span style=3D'font-weight:bold'>Sent:</span></b> Thursday, November =
20, 2008
4:50 PM<br>
<b><span style=3D'font-weight:bold'>To:</span></b> <st1:PersonName =
w:st=3D"on">autoconf@ietf.org</st1:PersonName><br>
<b><span style=3D'font-weight:bold'>Subject:</span></b> Re: [Autoconf] =
Try to
eliminate term subnet?</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>

</div>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D3 face=3D"Times New Roman"><span =
style=3D'font-size:
12.0pt'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D3 face=3D"Times New Roman"><span =
style=3D'font-size:
12.0pt'>That said, once properly defined in our context, we may not use =
the
concept as much as elsewhere...<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<div>

<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'margin-bottom:12.0pt'><font size=3D3
face=3D"Times New Roman"><span =
style=3D'font-size:12.0pt'>Emmanuel<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<div>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D3 face=3D"Times New Roman"><span =
style=3D'font-size:
12.0pt'>On Fri, Nov 21, 2008 at 1:43 AM, Emmanuel Baccelli &lt;<a
href=3D"mailto:emmanuel.baccelli@gmail.com">emmanuel.baccelli@gmail.com</=
a>&gt;
wrote:<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D3 face=3D"Times New Roman"><span =
style=3D'font-size:
12.0pt'>I agree with Charlie. I think we have no choice: we (in =
autoconf) must
unfortunately explain somewhere how we relate to the basic term
&quot;subnet&quot;, as well as to the terms &quot;prefix&quot;,
&quot;link&quot; etc.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<div>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D3 face=3D"Times New Roman"><span =
style=3D'font-size:
12.0pt'>Emmanuel<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<div>

<div>

<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'margin-bottom:12.0pt'><font size=3D3
face=3D"Times New Roman"><span =
style=3D'font-size:12.0pt'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></font></p>

<div>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D3 face=3D"Times New Roman"><span =
style=3D'font-size:
12.0pt'>On Fri, Nov 21, 2008 at 1:23 AM, Charles E. Perkins &lt;<a
href=3D"mailto:charles.perkins@earthlink.net" =
target=3D"_blank">charles.perkins@earthlink.net</a>&gt;
wrote:<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D3 face=3D"Times New Roman"><span =
style=3D'font-size:
12.0pt'><br>
Hello folks,<br>
<br>
I am very nervous about not having a definition for the<br>
term &quot;subnet&quot; for two reasons:<br>
<br>
- If we don't define it, we must constantly be on watch to<br>
&nbsp; make sure it is not used, and to explain why it is not<br>
&nbsp; used. &nbsp;This will be a battle of perpetual weariness.<br>
<br>
- As difficult as it may be, a subnet would naturally be<br>
&nbsp; the unit of address allocation. &nbsp;And, that's what we<br>
&nbsp; are tasked with doing in [autoconf]. &nbsp;Of course we<br>
&nbsp; could allocate addresses out of some random grab<br>
&nbsp; bag of addresses, but I'm willing to bet people would<br>
&nbsp; not like that.<br>
<br>
Besides that, if we're willing to forgo the pleasure of<br>
making a subnet map onto a pretend Ethernet, I think<br>
it is manageable.<br>
<br>
We have some candidate definitions that seem to<br>
work. &nbsp;Why not go forward with one of them?<br>
<br>
Regards,<br>
Charlie P.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<div>

<div>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D3 face=3D"Times New Roman"><span =
style=3D'font-size:
12.0pt'><br>
<br>
<br>
Teco Boot wrote:<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D3 face=3D"Times New Roman"><span =
style=3D'font-size:
12.0pt'>All,<br>
<br>
It seems that the term &quot;subnet&quot; is confusing.<br>
So I can agree with Thomas C his draft, title Figure 5: MANET Subnet<br>
Challenge<br>
<br>
I think we make life more easy to get rid of confusing terminology.<br>
Has someone a problem not using the term subnet in our documents? We =
know<br>
what prefixes are (entities where we can route to) and what addresses =
are<br>
(endpoint identifiers). Then we can work on the details on IPv6 =
address<br>
assignments, which have IMHO nothing to do with the discussion on the =
term<br>
subnet.<br>
<br>
<br>
Just recap the proposal from Emmanuel, eliminating subnet:<br>
- a prefix defines a contiguous range of IP addresses.<br>
- a link is what lower layers reach without TTL decrement, through a =
given<br>
interface.<br>
<br>
<br>
In our charter, the term subnet is mentioned a few times:<br>
=3D=3D=3D<br>
The address autoconfiguration related protocol specifications such =
as<br>
RFCs 2462, 2461, as used in traditional IP networks, assume that<br>
subnet-local signals (e.g. link-local multicast signals) are =
received<br>
by each of the hosts on the particular subnet without being =
forwarded<br>
by the routers defining the subnet boundary. Hence, ad hoc networks<br>
(as defined and understood by the IETF MANET WG) cannot use these<br>
protocol specifications as-is.<br>
=3D=3D=3D<br>
<br>
I would read this as:<br>
=3D=3D=3D<br>
The address autoconfiguration related protocol specifications such =
as<br>
RFCs 2462, 2461, as used in traditional IP networks, assume that<br>
link-local signals (e.g. link-local multicast signals) are received<br>
by each of the hosts on the particular medium without being =
forwarded<br>
by the routers defining the medium boundary. Hence, ad hoc networks<br>
(as defined and understood by the IETF MANET WG) cannot use these<br>
protocol specifications as-is.<br>
=3D=3D=3D<br>
1st subnet -&gt; link<br>
2nd subnet -&gt; medium<br>
3th subnet -&gt; medium<br>
<br>
RFC4861 says that a link is a medium, which does not apply for RF<br>
communication.<br>
The description for a link in RFC4861 says link equals medium, but =
luckily,<br>
it does not list RF spectrum as an example.<br>
So if we refine our understanding of a link and / or communications =
facility<br>
for RF, we are done.<br>
Actually I am writing something down on what service 802.11-2007 =
provides<br>
for the IP layer.<br>
<br>
<br>
Regards, Teco<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
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Hello Fred,

Templin, Fred L wrote:
>
> > That said, once properly defined in our context, we may not use the =

> concept as much as elsewhere...
>
> Then, why bother saying it? Less is more=85
>

But, you didn't respond to the two points I had
raised in my email... namely:

>
> - If we don't define it, we must constantly be on watch to
> make sure it is not used, and to explain why it is not
> used. This will be a battle of perpetual weariness.
>
> - As difficult as it may be, a subnet would naturally be
> the unit of address allocation. And, that's what we
> are tasked with doing in [autoconf]. Of course we
> could allocate addresses out of some random grab
> bag of addresses, but I'm willing to bet people would
> not like that.


Regards,
Charlie P.

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> > - If we don't define it, we must constantly be on watch to
> > make sure it is not used, and to explain why it is not
> > used. This will be a battle of perpetual weariness.

We can describe that subnet is not well defined and therefore we prefer less
confusing terminology.
I think if we try to define it, and fail, that this will be a battle of
perpetual weariness
Moreover, I prefer leaving this task for the 6man wg.


> > - As difficult as it may be, a subnet would naturally be
> > the unit of address allocation. And, that's what we
> > are tasked with doing in [autoconf]. Of course we
> > could allocate addresses out of some random grab
> > bag of addresses, but I'm willing to bet people would
> > not like that.

I think we should use prefix delegation instead of "subnet address
allocation".
For now I do not see any reason not using DHCPv6-PD.
And maybe use DHCPv6 for the counterpart of stateless address
autoconfiguration (not using the quite confusing wording of "stateful
configuration", see RFC4862).


Teco.



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Charlie,

>-----Original Message-----
>From: Charles E. Perkins [mailto:charles.perkins@earthlink.net]
>Sent: Thursday, November 20, 2008 5:43 PM
>To: Templin, Fred L
>Cc: autoconf@ietf.org
>Subject: Re: [Autoconf] Try to eliminate term subnet?
>
>
>Hello Fred,
>
>Templin, Fred L wrote:
>>
>> > That said, once properly defined in our context, we may not use the
>> concept as much as elsewhere...
>>
>> Then, why bother saying it? Less is more...
>>
>
>But, you didn't respond to the two points I had
>raised in my email... namely:

OK, since you insist. Let's consider bringing the more
addressing-neutral term "subnetwork" into the terminology,
where a subnetwork is a connected routing region within a
MANET, and the MANET may contain many such subnetworks.

We then need a way of identifying each subnetwork, and
traditional approaches would call for assigning an
address/prefix on a subnetwork interface, where the
prefix is shorter than /32 (IPv4) or /128 (IPv6). But,
we already know that that is problematic for MANETs,
since the subnetwork can split (half going to partition
A and the other half going to partition B) and then
mayhem ensues in a number of ways.

So, let's instead have all routers in the subnetwork
configure a common "subnet router anycast" address
taken from a common IP prefix, but without assigning
any addresses from the prefix to a MANET interface.
So for example, we could assign the IPv6 prefix:
"2001:DB8:1:2::/64" to a subnetwork, and each MANET
router in the subnetwork assigns the IPv6 subnet router
anycast address "2001:DB8:1:2::" to its loopback
interface.

So, no MANET routers in the subnetwork have a unicast
IPv6 address assignment from the prefix, but all MANET
routers have the subnet router anycast address on their
loopbacks. The routers can retain the anycast address
even if the subnetwork partitions and keep it for as
long as it still makes sense for them to retain
membership to that subnetwork. If they want to join
other subnetworks too, that's OK - they just configure
additional subnet router anycast addresses.

We can now happily ping toward the subnet router anycast
address from anywhere, and the nearest MANET router will
answer us back. I call it the "no-subnet subnetwork model",
but I don't mind if we end up calling it something else.

Fred
fred.l.templin@boeing.com 
 
>> - If we don't define it, we must constantly be on watch to
>> make sure it is not used, and to explain why it is not
>> used. This will be a battle of perpetual weariness.
>>
>> - As difficult as it may be, a subnet would naturally be
>> the unit of address allocation. And, that's what we
>> are tasked with doing in [autoconf]. Of course we
>> could allocate addresses out of some random grab
>> bag of addresses, but I'm willing to bet people would
>> not like that.
>
>
>Regards,
>Charlie P.

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Hello Fred,

 From your discussion, I don't see your concern,
or where we should make any modification to
avoid difficulties.  More inline...

Templin, Fred L wrote:
>
>               Let's consider bringing the more
> addressing-neutral term "subnetwork" into the terminology,
> where a subnetwork is a connected routing region within a
> MANET, and the MANET may contain many such subnetworks.
>   

Here, one key operative word is "may"...   Or, the MANET may not
contain subnetworks.

> We then need a way of identifying each subnetwork, and
> traditional approaches would call for assigning an
> address/prefix on a subnetwork interface, where the
> prefix is shorter than /32 (IPv4) or /128 (IPv6).

Check.  But, again keeping in mind this is specific to the
needs of the network.

>  But,
> we already know that that is problematic for MANETs,
> since the subnetwork can split (half going to partition
> A and the other half going to partition B) and then
> mayhem ensues in a number of ways.
>   

If this happens, the subnet is broken.  In real life, subnets
can break.  Then people wonder what happened.  It could
be that it would be more frequent in a MANET.  But:
(a) we _could_ have a MANET without any proper
     subnetworks
(b) there are cases where a stable subnet would exist.

> So, let's instead have all routers in the subnetwork
> configure a common "subnet router anycast" address
> taken from a common IP prefix, but without assigning
> any addresses from the prefix to a MANET interface.
> So for example, we could assign the IPv6 prefix:
> "2001:DB8:1:2::/64" to a subnetwork, and each MANET
> router in the subnetwork assigns the IPv6 subnet router
> anycast address "2001:DB8:1:2::" to its loopback
> interface.
>
> So, no MANET routers in the subnetwork have a unicast
> IPv6 address assignment from the prefix, but all MANET
> routers have the subnet router anycast address on their
> loopbacks. The routers can retain the anycast address
> even if the subnetwork partitions and keep it for as
> long as it still makes sense for them to retain
> membership to that subnetwork. If they want to join
> other subnetworks too, that's OK - they just configure
> additional subnet router anycast addresses.
>
> We can now happily ping toward the subnet router anycast
> address from anywhere, and the nearest MANET router will
> answer us back. I call it the "no-subnet subnetwork model",
> but I don't mind if we end up calling it something else.
>   

Here, I am in the dark about why you would do this.

For one thing, if you have two different routers serving the
same subnet, they basically have to provide reachability to
the same hosts.  I do not see how you are doing this.
Unless of course there are no hosts on the subnetwork.
In which case, perhaps the conditions are all satisfied
vacuously.

In that case, it may be an interesting technical exercise,
but I don't see where it is guiding us, nor where it causes
the definitions to fail.

>  
>   
>>> - If we don't define it, we must constantly be on watch to
>>> make sure it is not used, and to explain why it is not
>>> used. This will be a battle of perpetual weariness.
>>>
>>> - As difficult as it may be, a subnet would naturally be
>>> the unit of address allocation. And, that's what we
>>> are tasked with doing in [autoconf]. Of course we
>>> could allocate addresses out of some random grab
>>> bag of addresses, but I'm willing to bet people would
>>> not like that.
>>>       


I also do not see how it answers the two concerns I raised.

Regards,
Charlie P.

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Hello Teco,

Teco Boot wrote:
>>> - If we don't define it, we must constantly be on watch to
>>> make sure it is not used, and to explain why it is not
>>> used. This will be a battle of perpetual weariness.
>>>       
>
> We can describe that subnet is not well defined and therefore we prefer less
> confusing terminology.
>   

A subnet is an appropriate range of addresses.  What's not well-defined 
about that?

> I think if we try to define it, and fail, that this will be a battle of
> perpetual weariness
> Moreover, I prefer leaving this task for the 6man wg.
>   

What if they don't do it the way we need it, or make it more complicated?
Did they even volunteer to do this definition?


>
>   
>>> - As difficult as it may be, a subnet would naturally be
>>> the unit of address allocation. And, that's what we
>>> are tasked with doing in [autoconf]. Of course we
>>> could allocate addresses out of some random grab
>>> bag of addresses, but I'm willing to bet people would
>>> not like that.
>>>       
>
> I think we should use prefix delegation instead of "subnet address
> allocation".
>   

Well, that's O.K. with me, but it will still be viewed as an
allocation related to managing the subnet.  And, anyway, what
if we want to allocate addresses from 168.254/16 for some
hoss on a disconnected MANET?  Who is delegating the
prefix?

> For now I do not see any reason not using DHCPv6-PD.
>   

What if there's no DHCP server around?

> And maybe use DHCPv6 for the counterpart of stateless address
> autoconfiguration (not using the quite confusing wording of "stateful
> configuration", see RFC4862).
>   

What if there's no DHCP server around?

Regards,
Charlie P.

PS. Is there an echo in here?

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Hi all,

	Apologies for jumping into the discussion kind-of late.

	I've been trying to follow all the e-mails and provide comments, but so
far I've experienced some contradictory feelings. Some times I thought
"OK, I agree with this" and then another e-mail arrived arguing the
opposite that made change my mind.

	So, let me try to provide my (current) view on some of the things that
have been discussed. Most of them might have been already proposed by
others, so I'm just taking those pieces from here and there that I'm
happy with.

	1. About "MANET Links". I'm not completely sure we really need to
define anything new. I see MANETs as networks composed of a set of
routers that move. These routers have interfaces that belong to links --
these links being defined by the L2 reachability/radio
coverage/connectivity of the interface. The difference is that these
links are quite dynamic (because the routers move) and might not have
some nice properties, such as transitivity, symmetry, etc (but this is
because of the L2 technology of the interface).

	2. About "subnets" and addressing. In my understanding of a MANET, I
see each of the routers of a MANET getting one (or several) unique IPv6
prefix. Out of that prefix, the MANET router configures and address for
its loopback interface. On the interface over which the MANET router
runs a MANET routing protocol, only a link-local address needs to be
configured. The router may be delegated more than one prefix, to
configure other physical interfaces (regular hosts might attach to these
interfaces, and configure IPv6 address from the delegated prefixes). The
MANET routing protocol takes care of providing reachability within the
MANET, MANET routers do not need to change their IP addresses due to
inner mobility within the MANET.

	3. About "links". I think the term "link" should be accompanied by the
layer for which the term "link" is meaningful. There might be L2 links
and L3 links and should not necessarily be the same. I'd say that a "LX
link" is defined by "what can be reached in 1 LX hop". In the case of
IP, an "L3/IP link" would be defined by what can be reached in 1 IP hop,
i.e. without decrementing the IPv6 hop count of the packet.

	4. About what we should do in the autoconf WG: to define the
mechanism(s) to provide each MANET router with a unique IPv6 prefix
(that could even be a /128). Something that might be tricky is how to
guarantee that configured link-local addresses on the MANET interfaces
are unique within the scope of the link, since that scope is quite
dynamic (members of that link change over time, and even not all the
members of that link may have the same view of the link). Potentially, a
solution would be to ensure that these addresses are unique within the
whole MANET, since that would ensure that they are in the scope of the
link.

	Well, probably I will change my mind about some of these things after
getting your opinion guys :-)

	Carlos

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Subject: Re: [Autoconf] Try to eliminate term subnet?
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Charles E. Perkins wrote:
> 
> Hello folks,
> 
> I am very nervous about not having a definition for the
> term "subnet" for two reasons:
> 
> - If we don't define it, we must constantly be on watch to
>    make sure it is not used, and to explain why it is not
>    used.  This will be a battle of perpetual weariness.
> 
> - As difficult as it may be, a subnet would naturally be
>    the unit of address allocation.  And, that's what we
>    are tasked with doing in [autoconf].  Of course we
>    could allocate addresses out of some random grab
>    bag of addresses, but I'm willing to bet people would
>    not like that.
> 
> Besides that, if we're willing to forgo the pleasure of
> making a subnet map onto a pretend Ethernet, I think
> it is manageable.

I gently beg to differ: I could live with 'subnet' defined in 
relationship with a specific link-layer.

For example, if we say that a wifi essid corresponds to a subnet, and 
vice-versa, then many people would probably understand same thing, there 
wouldn't be much confusion.  We could understand limitations in terms of 
subnet size based on the size of the wifi essid, and more.

If one tries to make a subnet different than the span of a wifi essid 
then one would describe:

-why does one assume only wifi to be MANET - maybe because
  experimentation happened that way?  That's ok, just say it.  One
  wouldn't extend the wifi experience to other untried media.
-why the essid-IPsubnet bijection is not enough, what's special about
  that particular essid.
-why can't one build a MANET with wifi links having one subnet per
  essid, what breaks when one builds a MANET with wifi links and one
  IPsubnet per ESSID?

I could depict a MANET with wifi links and a IPsubnet per essid, if that 
could help in some way.

Alex

> 
> We have some candidate definitions that seem to
> work.  Why not go forward with one of them?
> 
> Regards,
> Charlie P.
> 
> 
> Teco Boot wrote:
>> All,
>>
>> It seems that the term "subnet" is confusing.
>> So I can agree with Thomas C his draft, title Figure 5: MANET Subnet
>> Challenge
>>
>> I think we make life more easy to get rid of confusing terminology.
>> Has someone a problem not using the term subnet in our documents? We know
>> what prefixes are (entities where we can route to) and what addresses are
>> (endpoint identifiers). Then we can work on the details on IPv6 address
>> assignments, which have IMHO nothing to do with the discussion on the 
>> term
>> subnet.
>>
>>
>> Just recap the proposal from Emmanuel, eliminating subnet:
>> - a prefix defines a contiguous range of IP addresses.
>> - a link is what lower layers reach without TTL decrement, through a 
>> given
>> interface.
>>
>>
>> In our charter, the term subnet is mentioned a few times:
>> ===
>> The address autoconfiguration related protocol specifications such as
>> RFCs 2462, 2461, as used in traditional IP networks, assume that
>> subnet-local signals (e.g. link-local multicast signals) are received
>> by each of the hosts on the particular subnet without being forwarded
>> by the routers defining the subnet boundary. Hence, ad hoc networks
>> (as defined and understood by the IETF MANET WG) cannot use these
>> protocol specifications as-is.
>> ===
>>
>> I would read this as:
>> ===
>> The address autoconfiguration related protocol specifications such as
>> RFCs 2462, 2461, as used in traditional IP networks, assume that
>> link-local signals (e.g. link-local multicast signals) are received
>> by each of the hosts on the particular medium without being forwarded
>> by the routers defining the medium boundary. Hence, ad hoc networks
>> (as defined and understood by the IETF MANET WG) cannot use these
>> protocol specifications as-is.
>> ===
>> 1st subnet -> link
>> 2nd subnet -> medium
>> 3th subnet -> medium
>>
>> RFC4861 says that a link is a medium, which does not apply for RF
>> communication.
>> The description for a link in RFC4861 says link equals medium, but 
>> luckily,
>> it does not list RF spectrum as an example.
>> So if we refine our understanding of a link and / or communications 
>> facility
>> for RF, we are done.
>> Actually I am writing something down on what service 802.11-2007 provides
>> for the IP layer.
>>
>>
>> Regards, Teco
>>
>>
>>
>> _______________________________________________
>> Autoconf mailing list
>> Autoconf@ietf.org
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>>
>>
>>   
> 
> _______________________________________________
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> 


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Subject: Re: [Autoconf] what if there's no DHCP Server around?
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Charles E. Perkins wrote:
> 
> Hello Teco,
> 
> Teco Boot wrote:
>>>> - If we don't define it, we must constantly be on watch to make
>>>> sure it is not used, and to explain why it is not used. This
>>>> will be a battle of perpetual weariness.
>>>> 
>> 
>> We can describe that subnet is not well defined and therefore we 
>> prefer less confusing terminology.
>> 
> 
> A subnet is an appropriate range of addresses.  What's not
> well-defined about that?
> 
>> I think if we try to define it, and fail, that this will be a
>> battle of perpetual weariness Moreover, I prefer leaving this task
>> for the 6man wg.
>> 
> 
> What if they don't do it the way we need it, or make it more
> complicated? Did they even volunteer to do this definition?
> 
> 
>> 
>> 
>>>> - As difficult as it may be, a subnet would naturally be the
>>>> unit of address allocation. And, that's what we are tasked with
>>>> doing in [autoconf]. Of course we could allocate addresses out
>>>> of some random grab bag of addresses, but I'm willing to bet
>>>> people would not like that.
>>>> 
>> 
>> I think we should use prefix delegation instead of "subnet address 
>> allocation".
>> 
> 
> Well, that's O.K. with me, but it will still be viewed as an 
> allocation related to managing the subnet.  And, anyway, what if we
> want to allocate addresses from 168.254/16 for some hoss on a
> disconnected MANET?  Who is delegating the prefix?
> 
>> For now I do not see any reason not using DHCPv6-PD.
>> 
> 
> What if there's no DHCP server around?
> 
>> And maybe use DHCPv6 for the counterpart of stateless address 
>> autoconfiguration (not using the quite confusing wording of
>> "stateful configuration", see RFC4862).
>> 
> 
> What if there's no DHCP server around?

Charlie, I hear this like the question Christopher had previously: what
happens if there is no MAC repeater or long-range antenna extender to
extend a wifi network.

I'm afraid my personal answer to this is another question, if I'm 
permitted:  what if there's no that-something-yet-to-be-designed around?

This leads to much speculation, and one couldn't answer logically on it.
  I mean at least I couldn't.

Maybe better would be to find out what's wrong with having a DHCPServer
around?  Maybe in a MANET-inspired network all nodes are potentially
DHCPServers, so how would one elect _the_ DHCPServer?  I see this as
outlining a potential problem.

Alex


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Subject: Re: [Autoconf] Try to eliminate term subnet?
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Alexandru Petrescu wrote:
> [...]
> I gently beg to differ: I could live with 'subnet' defined in
> relationship with a specific link-layer.
>
> For example, if we say that a wifi essid corresponds to a subnet, and
> vice-versa, then many people would probably understand same thing,
> there wouldn't be much confusion. We could understand limitations in
> terms of subnet size based on the size of the wifi essid, and more.
> If one tries to make a subnet different than the span of a wifi essid
> then one would describe:
>
> -why does one assume only wifi to be MANET - maybe because
> experimentation happened that way? That's ok, just say it. One
> wouldn't extend the wifi experience to other untried media.
I do not think MANET is limited to 802.11. There are many other link
layer technologies that form a perfectly good MANET, such as ethernet
for example.
> -why the essid-IPsubnet bijection is not enough, what's special about
> that particular essid.
I really don't think considering the ESSID is a good idea. It does not
really say anything about the connectivity of nodes. You could have
several IBBS with the same ESSID without being connected because they
are too far apart. Or they use a different channel. Or some stations use
WEP/WPA, others don't. So they would not necessarily be within the same
subnet. Personally, a subnet for me means that all stations within the
same subnet are on the same link, i.e. they can reach each other without
decrementing TTL. The other way round is not necessarily true, on a same
link there may be different subnets.
> -why can't one build a MANET with wifi links having one subnet per
> essid, what breaks when one builds a MANET with wifi links and one
> IPsubnet per ESSID?
I do not think that there is any definition of a MANET that limits this
IP layer technology to 802.11. Nor should there be such a definition.
>
> I could depict a MANET with wifi links and a IPsubnet per essid, if
> that could help in some way.
>
> Alex
Ulrich
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Subject: Re: [Autoconf] what if there's no DHCP Server around?
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Alexandru Petrescu wrote:
> [...]
>>
>>> For now I do not see any reason not using DHCPv6-PD.
>>>
>>
>> What if there's no DHCP server around?
>>
>>> And maybe use DHCPv6 for the counterpart of stateless address
>>> autoconfiguration (not using the quite confusing wording of
>>> "stateful configuration", see RFC4862).
>>>
>>
>> What if there's no DHCP server around?
>
> Charlie, I hear this like the question Christopher had previously: what
> happens if there is no MAC repeater or long-range antenna extender to
> extend a wifi network.
>
> I'm afraid my personal answer to this is another question, if I'm
> permitted: what if there's no that-something-yet-to-be-designed around?
>
> This leads to much speculation, and one couldn't answer logically on it.
> I mean at least I couldn't.
I think Charlie's question is perfectly adequate. What does it mean to
use DHCP or DHCP-PD when you do not have a DHCP server around? Or if a
node cannot reach it... DHCP(-PD) could be a solution of MANETs in the
subordinate case, but it does not answer our fabulous questions: "What
is a link? What is a subnet?"
>
> Maybe better would be to find out what's wrong with having a DHCPServer
> around? Maybe in a MANET-inspired network all nodes are potentially
> DHCPServers, so how would one elect _the_ DHCPServer? I see this as
> outlining a potential problem.
I do not understand this. What does it mean that every node is a DHCP
server? There is no such thing as _the_ DHCP server. A DHCP server is
just an application that has a certain pool of IP addresses and can
assign on request one or several addresses / prefixes to a client.
We have to be careful not to enter in the solution space, because DHCP
may be part of an autoconf solution, but I do not think it helps us to
understand the architecture of a MANET or the relationship between
link/interface/subnet etc.

Ulrich

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Hi Ulrich,

Ulrich Herberg wrote:
> Alexandru Petrescu wrote:
>> [...] I gently beg to differ: I could live with 'subnet' defined in
>>  relationship with a specific link-layer.
>> 
>> For example, if we say that a wifi essid corresponds to a subnet, 
>> and vice-versa, then many people would probably understand same 
>> thing, there wouldn't be much confusion. We could understand 
>> limitations in terms of subnet size based on the size of the wifi 
>> essid, and more. If one tries to make a subnet different than the 
>> span of a wifi essid then one would describe:
>> 
>> -why does one assume only wifi to be MANET - maybe because 
>> experimentation happened that way? That's ok, just say it. One 
>> wouldn't extend the wifi experience to other untried media.
> 
> I do not think MANET is limited to 802.11. There are many other link 
> layer technologies that form a perfectly good MANET, such as ethernet
> for example.

Yes, one could use Ethernet to build MANETs.  The question is on whether
one has used Ethernet to build a small MANET and what were the issues of
using Ethernet to build such a MANET.  Was there any issue with a subnet
model?  Was that MANET any different than using Ethernet to build a
normal network (non-MANET), with respect to the IP subnet model?

>> -why the essid-IPsubnet bijection is not enough, what's special 
>> about that particular essid.
> 
> I really don't think considering the ESSID is a good idea. It does 
> not really say anything about the connectivity of nodes.

I beg to differ: all stations configuring same ESSID are within reach
with each other, at link-layer.  If they're not in reach is because they
are purposefully moved out of reach.

> You could have several IBBS with the same ESSID without being 
> connected because they are too far apart. Or they use a different 
> channel. Or some stations use WEP/WPA, others don't.

Ok.  Then we could refine the definition to say that all wifi stations
using same ESSID, within a 50m radius (that's a wifi typical
characteristic) and using same MAC address for that ESSID (that's
another typical wifi characteristic, it's the MAC address of the ESSID,
not of any other node) constitute an IP subnet.

What do you think are the characteristics of a well-formed
well-desitinguishable wifi link?

-same essid?
-same channel?
-same auth method?
-same MAC address of the link?

All of the above?  Only some combinations?  This is easy to define.

> So they would not necessarily be within the same subnet. Personally,
>  a subnet for me means that all stations within the same subnet are
> on the same link, i.e. they can reach each other without decrementing
>  TTL.

Link-IPsubnet equating constant TTL is fine with me.  But I'm afraid
this definition will not clarify the AUTOCONF path, simply because
defenders of the MANET characteristics claim this _may_ not be true in
MANETs.

> The other way round is not necessarily true, on a same link there may
>  be different subnets.

Different subnet prefixes on the same link - yes, yet TTL is constant on
each of these subnets.

>> -why can't one build a MANET with wifi links having one subnet per 
>> essid, what breaks when one builds a MANET with wifi links and one 
>> IPsubnet per ESSID?
> 
> I do not think that there is any definition of a MANET that limits 
> this IP layer technology to 802.11. Nor should there be such a 
> definition.

I half disagree with you.

MANET experience should clarify which link-layer technology was
experimented.  It's nonsense to ignore completely the name of the
link-layer technology used in experimentation.

At the same time I agree that MANET-inspired networks were built with
other link-layer technologies than 802.11.  But these experiments, their
results, as well as the issues there may have been - have never been
reported here.  I don't think we can work with issues that are being
speculated upon.

Alex

>> I could depict a MANET with wifi links and a IPsubnet per essid, if
>>  that could help in some way.
>> 
>> Alex
> Ulrich
> 


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From: "Templin, Fred L" <Fred.L.Templin@boeing.com>
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>-----Original Message-----
>From: Charles E. Perkins [mailto:charles.perkins@earthlink.net]
>Sent: Thursday, November 20, 2008 9:30 PM
>To: Templin, Fred L
>Cc: autoconf@ietf.org
>Subject: Re: [Autoconf] Try to eliminate term subnet?
>
>
>Hello Fred,
>
> From your discussion, I don't see your concern,
>or where we should make any modification to
>avoid difficulties.  More inline...
>
>Templin, Fred L wrote:
>>
>>               Let's consider bringing the more
>> addressing-neutral term "subnetwork" into the terminology,
>> where a subnetwork is a connected routing region within a
>> MANET, and the MANET may contain many such subnetworks.
>>
>
>Here, one key operative word is "may"...   Or, the MANET may not
>contain subnetworks.

Even if there are no multiple subnetworks, the MANET will
still contain at least one subnetwork which is the MANET
itself.

>> We then need a way of identifying each subnetwork, and
>> traditional approaches would call for assigning an
>> address/prefix on a subnetwork interface, where the
>> prefix is shorter than /32 (IPv4) or /128 (IPv6).
>
>Check.  But, again keeping in mind this is specific to the
>needs of the network.
>
>>  But,
>> we already know that that is problematic for MANETs,
>> since the subnetwork can split (half going to partition
>> A and the other half going to partition B) and then
>> mayhem ensues in a number of ways.
>>
>
>If this happens, the subnet is broken.  In real life, subnets
>can break.  Then people wonder what happened.  It could
>be that it would be more frequent in a MANET.  But:
>(a) we _could_ have a MANET without any proper
>     subnetworks
>(b) there are cases where a stable subnet would exist.
>
>> So, let's instead have all routers in the subnetwork
>> configure a common "subnet router anycast" address
>> taken from a common IP prefix, but without assigning
>> any addresses from the prefix to a MANET interface.
>> So for example, we could assign the IPv6 prefix:
>> "2001:DB8:1:2::/64" to a subnetwork, and each MANET
>> router in the subnetwork assigns the IPv6 subnet router
>> anycast address "2001:DB8:1:2::" to its loopback
>> interface.
>>
>> So, no MANET routers in the subnetwork have a unicast
>> IPv6 address assignment from the prefix, but all MANET
>> routers have the subnet router anycast address on their
>> loopbacks. The routers can retain the anycast address
>> even if the subnetwork partitions and keep it for as
>> long as it still makes sense for them to retain
>> membership to that subnetwork. If they want to join
>> other subnetworks too, that's OK - they just configure
>> additional subnet router anycast addresses.
>>
>> We can now happily ping toward the subnet router anycast
>> address from anywhere, and the nearest MANET router will
>> answer us back. I call it the "no-subnet subnetwork model",
>> but I don't mind if we end up calling it something else.
>>
>
>Here, I am in the dark about why you would do this.
>
>For one thing, if you have two different routers serving the
>same subnet, they basically have to provide reachability to
>the same hosts.  I do not see how you are doing this.
>Unless of course there are no hosts on the subnetwork.
>In which case, perhaps the conditions are all satisfied
>vacuously.
>
>In that case, it may be an interesting technical exercise,
>but I don't see where it is guiding us, nor where it causes
>the definitions to fail.

All right, then let's take the ISATAP approach. In ISATAP,
we can have multiple subnetwork border routers; each
advertising different on-link IPv6 prefixes on their 
ISATAP interface. MANET routers and hosts that receive
the prefix assign it to their ISATAP interface and use
SLAAC to configure an address from the prefix as-normal.
So, the MANET router/host can configure one or more on-link
prefixes on its ISATAP interfaces - one or more for each
subnetwork border router it receives an RA from.

Now, if the ISATAP link stays together we have normal use
of the on-link prefixes. If the ISATAP link partitions,
then the MANET routers and hosts in partition A that have
a subnetwork border router advertising 2001:DB8:1:2::/48
will retain that prefix and let all others time out, while
the nodes in partition B that have a subnetwork border router
advertising 2001:DB8:3:4::/48 will retain *that* prefix and
let others time out.

MANET routers can happily source packets either using the
address assigned to their ISATAP interface or an address
assigned to another non-MANET interface. Or, they can
forward packets on behalf of nodes attached to their
non-MANET interfaces. Simple hosts can source packets
using the address assigned to their ISATAP interfaces
only and would be exposed to address selection agility
in case of partitions, which is why simple hosts may in
some cases be better server by getting themselves attached
to a network reached by MANET router's non-MANET interface.

Does it work for you?

Fred
fred.l.templin@boeing.com


>>>> - If we don't define it, we must constantly be on watch to
>>>> make sure it is not used, and to explain why it is not
>>>> used. This will be a battle of perpetual weariness.
>>>>
>>>> - As difficult as it may be, a subnet would naturally be
>>>> the unit of address allocation. And, that's what we
>>>> are tasked with doing in [autoconf]. Of course we
>>>> could allocate addresses out of some random grab
>>>> bag of addresses, but I'm willing to bet people would
>>>> not like that.
>>>>
>
>
>I also do not see how it answers the two concerns I raised.
>
>Regards,
>Charlie P.

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Ulrich Herberg wrote:
> Alexandru Petrescu wrote:
>> [...]
>>>> For now I do not see any reason not using DHCPv6-PD.
>>>> 
>>> What if there's no DHCP server around?
>>> 
>>>> And maybe use DHCPv6 for the counterpart of stateless address 
>>>> autoconfiguration (not using the quite confusing wording of 
>>>> "stateful configuration", see RFC4862).
>>>> 
>>> What if there's no DHCP server around?
>> Charlie, I hear this like the question Christopher had previously:
>>  what happens if there is no MAC repeater or long-range antenna 
>> extender to extend a wifi network.
>> 
>> I'm afraid my personal answer to this is another question, if I'm 
>> permitted: what if there's no that-something-yet-to-be-designed 
>> around?
>> 
>> This leads to much speculation, and one couldn't answer logically 
>> on it. I mean at least I couldn't.
> 
> I think Charlie's question is perfectly adequate. What does it mean 
> to use DHCP or DHCP-PD when you do not have a DHCP server around? Or
>  if a node cannot reach it...

Then what could one answer?  If there's no DHCP Server around then I
can't auto-configure an address using DHCP.  Or maybe I could use SLAAC 
(stateless autoconf), or maybe I could use link-local addresses - why not?

Are you going then to question 'what if there's no link-local addresses, 
and no slaac'?  What could one then answer?  Questioning the presence of 
such widely-available software is a paradox in itself.

The only reason I could understand when someone asks 'what if there's no 
DHCP Server' is to understand as 'what if there's no fixed 
infrastructure housing a DHCP Server, around that MANET?'  I can 
perfectly understand this, there are many cases of autonomous networks. 
  But within each autonomous network it's very easy to have a DHCP Server.

> DHCP(-PD) could be a solution of MANETs in the subordinate case, but 
> it does not answer our fabulous questions: "What is a link? What is a
> subnet?"
>> Maybe better would be to find out what's wrong with having a 
>> DHCPServer around? Maybe in a MANET-inspired network all nodes are
>>  potentially DHCPServers, so how would one elect _the_ DHCPServer?
>> I see this as outlining a potential problem.
> 
> I do not understand this. What does it mean that every node is a DHCP
>  server?

Well I mean in a MANET built out of off-the-shelf linux machines, where 
each one can easily run DHCP Server software.

> There is no such thing as _the_ DHCP server. A DHCP server is just an
>  application that has a certain pool of IP addresses and can assign
> on request one or several addresses / prefixes to a client.

In a MANET with two servers each running a DHCP Server, and one DHCP
Client, which Server will the Client choose to send its DHCP Request to
(after having received two DHCP Advertise from two different Servers)?

> We have to be careful not to enter in the solution space, because
> DHCP may be part of an autoconf solution, but I do not think it helps
> us to understand the architecture of a MANET or the relationship
> between link/interface/subnet etc.

Careful yes,

Alex


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> MANET experience should clarify which link-layer technology was
> experimented.  It's nonsense to ignore completely the name of the
> link-layer technology used in experimentation.

If we were working with a single link layer technology, we'd
create the network at L2.

The point of working at L3 is to build an approach that is, as far
as possible, independent of the L2 technology. We do not wish to
be tied to one, or even a defined list, of L2 technologies, or
even one L2 technology at a time.

Consider the MANET protocols that exist in the IETF: AODV, DSR,
OLSR, TBRPF and now DYMO, OLSRv2 and SMF. Where in any of those
is there a specification of what L2 they are designed to run over?
At most they indicate what behaviour they want from L2 (such as
local broadcast, possibly link quality information, and so on).

One reason no one's getting into a discussion of what L2 technologies
they have used, or plan to use (apart from possible commercial and
other considerations) is that it would be a diversion down a blind
alley. The relevance of specific L2 technologies is for reasons such
as to illustrate specific points (such as the "B can communicate,
on a single interface, with A and C, but A and C can't communicate
directly and must relay through B - which can be illustrated by
802.11 on a single channel, single ESSID etc., but A and C physically
too far apart).

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Dearlove, Christopher (UK) wrote:
>> MANET experience should clarify which link-layer technology was 
>> experimented.  It's nonsense to ignore completely the name of the 
>> link-layer technology used in experimentation.
> 
> If we were working with a single link layer technology, we'd create 
> the network at L2.
> 
> The point of working at L3 is to build an approach that is, as far as
>  possible, independent of the L2 technology. We do not wish to be
> tied to one, or even a defined list, of L2 technologies, or even one
> L2 technology at a time.

I can understand IP being able to run over multiple types of link-layer
technologies.  Stress that for each of those link-layers the behaviour
of IP over them is very well defined and understood (IP-over-foo RFCs).

This is completely different than assuming IP runs over _everything_ and
because everything isn't spelled out we don't know what's inside and
because of that ND/DHCP may not run over it.

> Consider the MANET protocols that exist in the IETF: AODV, DSR, OLSR,
>  TBRPF and now DYMO, OLSRv2 and SMF. Where in any of those is there a
>  specification of what L2 they are designed to run over?

I don't know, could you please say?

Do we know which link-layer tech was used to experiment AODV, DSR, OLSR,
TBRPF, DYMO, OLSRv2 and SMF?

> At most they indicate what behaviour they want from L2 (such as local
>  broadcast, possibly link quality information, and so on).

In expressing the expected behaviour it would be easier if they used
Ethernet terms, or other SDO terms.

> One reason no one's getting into a discussion of what L2 technologies
>  they have used, or plan to use (apart from possible commercial and 
> other considerations)

I was wondering about the commercial and possibly military
considerations which are not spelled out potentially due to obvious
confidentiality reasons.  Could one base public work on secret requirements?

One has seen a lot of silence in the WG recently, is that the
confidentiality aspect?

Alex

> is that it would be a diversion down a blind alley. The relevance of 
> specific L2 technologies is for reasons such as to illustrate 
> specific points (such as the "B can communicate, on a single 
> interface, with A and C, but A and C can't communicate directly and 
> must relay through B - which can be illustrated by 802.11 on a single
>  channel, single ESSID etc., but A and C physically too far apart).
> 
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> This is completely different than assuming IP runs over _everything_

No, we're defining a general model for what a MANET runs over.
Not everything, just things that fit that general model.

Go back to RFC 2501. That approach is what we've been doing for the
last more years than I've been involved. This is really just attempting
to codify things.

>> Consider the MANET protocols that exist in the IETF: AODV, DSR, OLSR,
>> TBRPF and now DYMO, OLSRv2 and SMF. Where in any of those is there a
>> specification of what L2 they are designed to run over?

> I don't know, could you please say?

That was a rhetorical question. There isn't any such statement in them.
At least not in terms of specific systems. That's intent, not accident.

> In expressing the expected behaviour it would be easier if they used
> Ethernet terms, or other SDO terms.

Trying to use agreed terms is exactly what people are trying to do!
But trying to discuss what specific L2s is a blind alley you've headed
down.

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Christopher, thanks for message,

Dearlove, Christopher (UK) wrote:
>> This is completely different than assuming IP runs over _everything_
> 
> No, we're defining a general model for what a MANET runs over.
> Not everything, just things that fit that general model.
> 
> Go back to RFC 2501. That approach is what we've been doing for the
> last more years than I've been involved. This is really just attempting
> to codify things.
> 
>>> Consider the MANET protocols that exist in the IETF: AODV, DSR, OLSR,
>>> TBRPF and now DYMO, OLSRv2 and SMF. Where in any of those is there a
>>> specification of what L2 they are designed to run over?
> 
>> I don't know, could you please say?
> 
> That was a rhetorical question. There isn't any such statement in them.
> At least not in terms of specific systems. That's intent, not accident.

If so, then I assume they work with existing auto-configuration 
mechanisms, because they make the same unspoken assumptions on the IP 
subnets as OSPF and RIP make, and these do work with existing 
auto-configuration mechanisms.

>> In expressing the expected behaviour it would be easier if they used
>> Ethernet terms, or other SDO terms.
> 
> Trying to use agreed terms is exactly what people are trying to do!

There doesn't seem to be agreement on a common term for 'subnet', 
subject of this topic being a reflection.  At the same time many people 
seem to agree on constant-TTL over an Ethernet.

> But trying to discuss what specific L2s is a blind alley you've headed
> down.

Let me try to express why this is not a blind alley.

There are real competitors for the IP-over-generalizedlink concept.  The 
competitors are the several SDOs designing links from ground up to the 
application - without using IP.  These links are for networks truly 
ressembling MANETs.  IP ignores them, SDOs ignore IP.  What gets 
deployed out there are these proprietary links without IP.

This is why I believe AUTOCONF stating the link-layer assumptions is not 
a blind alley, but rather a potential opening.

Alex


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>> That was a rhetorical question. There isn't any such statement in
them.
>> At least not in terms of specific systems. That's intent, not
accident.

> If so, then I assume they work with existing auto-configuration 
> mechanisms

That would be a bad assumption. If it were true, why would we need the
Autoconf WG?

Some work with static address configuration. Others do various
things. But if any autoconfigured addresses out of the box, with
unmodified existing protocols, with no issues, why would we be here?

> because they make the same unspoken assumptions on the IP 
> subnets as OSPF and RIP make, and these do work with existing 
> auto-configuration mechanisms.

False premise, false conclusion.

>> Trying to use agreed terms is exactly what people are trying to do!

> There doesn't seem to be agreement on a common term for 'subnet'

The first word above is "trying", and in fact I accidentally said it
twice. Not yet succeeding.

>>  But trying to discuss what specific L2s is a blind alley you've
headed
>> down.

> This is why I believe AUTOCONF stating the link-layer assumptions is
not 
> a blind alley, but rather a potential opening.

Again, you've made a jump from what I said, to what I didn't say.

I said discussing specific L2s was a blind alley. I didn't say
discussing
the characteristics of L2s was a blind alley. What do you think the
MANET
link type document was trying to do?

But again, this has diverged so far from being useful, that I will
stop here. Note that all questions above are rhetorical, if that
isn't obvious.

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Dearlove, Christopher (UK) wrote:
  >> If so, then I assume they work with existing auto-configuration
>> mechanisms
> 
> That would be a bad assumption. If it were true, why would we need 
> the Autoconf WG?
> 
> Some work with static address configuration.

Do you mean manually adding an address to an interface?  Or link-local
IPv6 address forming over Ethernet (fe80-prepended addresses, rfc2464)?

> Others do various things. But if any autoconfigured addresses out of 
> the box, with unmodified existing protocols, with no issues, why 
> would we be here?

If we knew why people did these various other things (instead of
link-local addresses, or of slaac, or of dhcp) then we could understand
why we are here.  There sure were reasons, but which?

Could one quickly list a simple one?

Alex


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Subject: [Autoconf] Alternative IP Address Assignment Mechanisms for Ad Hoc
 Wireless-> was RE: what if there's no DHCP Server around?
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> -----Original Message-----
> From: Alexandru Petrescu
> Sent: Friday, November 21, 2008 6:11 AM
> To: Ulrich Herberg
> Cc: autoconf@ietf.org
> Subject: Re: [Autoconf] what if there's no DHCP Server around?
>
> Ulrich Herberg wrote:
> > Alexandru Petrescu wrote:
> >> [...]
> >>>> For now I do not see any reason not using DHCPv6-PD.
> >>>>
> >>> What if there's no DHCP server around?
> >>>
> >>>> And maybe use DHCPv6 for the counterpart of stateless address
> >>>> autoconfiguration (not using the quite confusing wording of
> >>>> "stateful configuration", see RFC4862).
> >>>>
> >>> What if there's no DHCP server around?
> >> Charlie, I hear this like the question Christopher had previously:
> >>  what happens if there is no MAC repeater or long-range antenna
> >> extender to extend a wifi network.
> >>
> >> I'm afraid my personal answer to this is another question, if I'm
> >> permitted: what if there's no that-something-yet-to-be-designed
> >> around?
> >>
> >> This leads to much speculation, and one couldn't answer logically
> >> on it. I mean at least I couldn't.
> >
> > I think Charlie's question is perfectly adequate. What does it mean
> > to use DHCP or DHCP-PD when you do not have a DHCP server around? Or
> >  if a node cannot reach it...
>
> Then what could one answer?  If there's no DHCP Server around then I
> can't auto-configure an address using DHCP.  Or maybe I could use SLAAC
> (stateless autoconf), or maybe I could use link-local addresses - why not?
>
> Are you going then to question 'what if there's no link-local addresses,
> and no slaac'?  What could one then answer?  Questioning the presence of
> such widely-available software is a paradox in itself.
>
> The only reason I could understand when someone asks 'what if there's no
> DHCP Server' is to understand as 'what if there's no fixed
> infrastructure housing a DHCP Server, around that MANET?'  I can
> perfectly understand this, there are many cases of autonomous networks.
>   But within each autonomous network it's very easy to have a DHCP Server.
>
> > DHCP(-PD) could be a solution of MANETs in the subordinate case, but
> > it does not answer our fabulous questions: "What is a link? What is a
> > subnet?"
> >> Maybe better would be to find out what's wrong with having a
> >> DHCPServer around? Maybe in a MANET-inspired network all nodes are
> >>  potentially DHCPServers, so how would one elect _the_ DHCPServer?
> >> I see this as outlining a potential problem.
> >
> > I do not understand this. What does it mean that every node is a DHCP
> >  server?
>
> Well I mean in a MANET built out of off-the-shelf linux machines, where
> each one can easily run DHCP Server software.

There are several issues with using DHCP in mobile devices:
1) in an ad hoc network ... there may not be a consistently available single device - yes, it's hard to know which one to elect
2) ad hoc connectivity makes it impossible to pick a viable routable subnet
3) multicast may not have the full connectivity expected and is not always reliable for discovery
4) It's hard for users to configure (imagine setting the DHCP server settings on your Wi-Fi enabled camera)

Note - I'm currently working with consumer device manufacturers to field ad hoc wireless products.  IP address assignment is an issue ... and we may end up fielding proprietary protocols.

Link local might work ... but also has an issue with multicast ... and needs some enhancements.

Are there other proposals or protocols available for IP address assignment in ad hoc wireless networks?

Paul




>
> > There is no such thing as _the_ DHCP server. A DHCP server is just an
> >  application that has a certain pool of IP addresses and can assign
> > on request one or several addresses / prefixes to a client.
>
> In a MANET with two servers each running a DHCP Server, and one DHCP
> Client, which Server will the Client choose to send its DHCP Request to
> (after having received two DHCP Advertise from two different Servers)?
>
> > We have to be careful not to enter in the solution space, because
> > DHCP may be part of an autoconf solution, but I do not think it helps
> > us to understand the architecture of a MANET or the relationship
> > between link/interface/subnet etc.
>
> Careful yes,
>
> Alex
>
>
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Subject: Re: [Autoconf] Alternative IP Address Assignment Mechanisms for Ad
	Hoc Wireless-> was RE: what if there's no DHCP Server around?
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On Fri, Nov 21, 2008 at 8:09 PM, Paul Lambert <paul@marvell.com> wrote:

>
> > Well I mean in a MANET built out of off-the-shelf linux machines, where
> > each one can easily run DHCP Server software.
>
> There are several issues with using DHCP in mobile devices:
> 1) in an ad hoc network ... there may not be a consistently available
> single device - yes, it's hard to know which one to elect
> 2) ad hoc connectivity makes it impossible to pick a viable routable subnet
> 3) multicast may not have the full connectivity expected and is not always
> reliable for discovery
> 4) It's hard for users to configure (imagine setting the DHCP server
> settings on your Wi-Fi enabled camera)
>
> Note - I'm currently working with consumer device manufacturers to field ad
> hoc wireless products.  IP address assignment is an issue ... and we may end
> up fielding proprietary protocols.
>
> Link local might work ... but also has an issue with multicast ... and
> needs some enhancements.
>
> Are there other proposals or protocols available for IP address assignment
> in ad hoc wireless networks?
>
> Paul
>


There is SLAAC (RFC 2462). But you run into other problems with it on ad hoc
networks, due to link properties in this context.
Emmanuel

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<br><br><div class="gmail_quote">On Fri, Nov 21, 2008 at 8:09 PM, Paul Lambert <span dir="ltr">&lt;<a href="mailto:paul@marvell.com">paul@marvell.com</a>&gt;</span> wrote:<br><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex;">
<br>
&gt; Well I mean in a MANET built out of off-the-shelf linux machines, where<br>
&gt; each one can easily run DHCP Server software.<br>
<br>
There are several issues with using DHCP in mobile devices:<br>
1) in an ad hoc network ... there may not be a consistently available single device - yes, it&#39;s hard to know which one to elect<br>
2) ad hoc connectivity makes it impossible to pick a viable routable subnet<br>
3) multicast may not have the full connectivity expected and is not always reliable for discovery<br>
4) It&#39;s hard for users to configure (imagine setting the DHCP server settings on your Wi-Fi enabled camera)<br>
<br>
Note - I&#39;m currently working with consumer device manufacturers to field ad hoc wireless products. &nbsp;IP address assignment is an issue ... and we may end up fielding proprietary protocols.<br>
<br>
Link local might work ... but also has an issue with multicast ... and needs some enhancements.<br>
<br>
Are there other proposals or protocols available for IP address assignment in ad hoc wireless networks?<br>
<br>
Paul<br></blockquote></div><br><div><br></div><div>There is SLAAC (RFC 2462). But you run into other problems with it on ad hoc networks, due to link properties in this context.</div><div>Emmanuel</div>

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 Hoc Wireless-> was RE: what if there's no DHCP Server around?
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Hello Paul,


Paul Lambert wrote:
>
>
> Note - I'm currently working with consumer device manufacturers to field ad hoc wireless products.  IP address assignment is an issue ... and we may end up fielding proprietary protocols.
>
> Link local might work ... but also has an issue with multicast ... and needs some enhancements.
>
> Are there other proposals or protocols available for IP address assignment in ad hoc wireless networks?
>   

Yes!  We've been arguing about subnets and links for so long,
maybe people forgot why the working group was formed!

There are some very interesting and some very straightforward
approaches.  These systems have been built and tested and found
to be worthwhile.  That was why we started the group, in the
belief that a standard approach would create new markets for
ad hoc networks, as well as providing new insights.  Ryuji and I
published what I thought was a very valuable approach lo these
many years ago.

I do not want to sound bitter, but the people complaining the
most about lack of architecture do not seem to have contributed
any of their solutions or experience with implementations.

So I want to get past this definitional phase in a very
definitive way, by actually identifying definitions that will
satisfy even the most demanding aficionado of architectural
correctness.  This does _not_ mean sweeping anything
under the rug. It means being correct, relevant, persuasive,
coherent, and unyielding to the temptations of basing the
definitions upon how many angels can dance on the head
of an ad hoc pin.

Regards,
Charlie P.

PS. I guess your note just reminded me of how long
       it has been.



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Subject: Re: [Autoconf] Why the link definition?
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Teco Boot wrote:

> Just asking: what is the problem with using NS/NA exchanges to discover the
> L2 addresses with the link defined as a "within radio range"?

I don't what I said that made you think that is a problem.
Once you know that an address is on-link then there is no problem to use 
NS/NA to find out the L2 address.
But in a Manet in practice you might only end up using this for 
link-local address. The reason is that in order to know that a global 
address (any address that isn't link-local) is "reachable using one 
radio hop", you'd look at the Manet forwarding tables, and those tables 
might very well indicate the link-local address which is the IP next-hop 
to send the packet to. Hence you can just do the NS/NA for that 
link-local address (if you don't already have a neighbor cache entry for 
it.)

> Another question: do we need an "IPv6 Packets over WiFi" RFC? There are
> expired I-Ds.

WiFi tries to look like an Ethernet, which means that we can use just 
"IPv6 over Ethernet". But that might not be the most efficient way to do 
it. Thus it might be that draft-shelby-6lowpan-nd (as it evolves) will 
be something that will be useful for WiFi or even Ethernet in general.

    Erik

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Subject: Re: [Autoconf] link definitions
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Teco Boot wrote:

> We are on the same page. But be careful with the term subnet. I prefer using
> routing prefix if we discuss routing.

I'm starting to get the feeling we should stay away from "subnet" or 
"subnet prefix", since "subnet" has too much historical stuff associated 
with it.

But the prefix will presumably be used for address configuration in 
addition to routing, thus "routing prefix" might be too specific.

How about something like this:
One (or more) IP address prefixes is assigned to a Manet. The IP address 
autoconfiguration is used to configure addresses from that/those 
prefixes, and typically the whole Manet is represented externally as a 
single aggregated route for each of those prefixes.

The above definition doesn't preclude different parts ot the Manet to be 
allocated sub-prefixes or additional prefixes. Such prefixes can be 
assigned to fixed/wired/static links attached to Manet routers.

    Erik

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Subject: Re: [Autoconf] About MANET Links, subnets, etc
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Carlos Jes=FAs Bernardos Cano wrote:

> 	So, let me try to provide my (current) view on some of the things that
> have been discussed. Most of them might have been already proposed by
> others, so I'm just taking those pieces from here and there that I'm
> happy with.
> =

> 	1. About "MANET Links". I'm not completely sure we really need to
> define anything new. I see MANETs as networks composed of a set of
> routers that move. These routers have interfaces that belong to links --
> these links being defined by the L2 reachability/radio
> coverage/connectivity of the interface. The difference is that these
> links are quite dynamic (because the routers move) and might not have
> some nice properties, such as transitivity, symmetry, etc (but this is
> because of the L2 technology of the interface).

Agreed.

> 	2. About "subnets" and addressing. In my understanding of a MANET, I
> see each of the routers of a MANET getting one (or several) unique IPv6
> prefix. Out of that prefix, the MANET router configures and address for
> its loopback interface. On the interface over which the MANET router
> runs a MANET routing protocol, only a link-local address needs to be
> configured. The router may be delegated more than one prefix, to
> configure other physical interfaces (regular hosts might attach to these
> interfaces, and configure IPv6 address from the delegated prefixes). The
> MANET routing protocol takes care of providing reachability within the
> MANET, MANET routers do not need to change their IP addresses due to
> inner mobility within the MANET.

That matches my understanding.

> 	3. About "links". I think the term "link" should be accompanied by the
> layer for which the term "link" is meaningful. There might be L2 links
> and L3 links and should not necessarily be the same. I'd say that a "LX
> link" is defined by "what can be reached in 1 LX hop". In the case of
> IP, an "L3/IP link" would be defined by what can be reached in 1 IP hop,
> i.e. without decrementing the IPv6 hop count of the packet.

While I agree in principle, I don't think we need to concern ourselves =

with anything but "L3 link" (which RFC 2460 has defined as "link").
Furthermore, different L2 SDOs might have differing definitions of "L2 =

link" (for instance, IEEE 802 has such a definition) so we are not the =

authority on how to design such things. Thus, if possible, I think we =

should stay away from defining "L2 link".

> 	4. About what we should do in the autoconf WG: to define the
> mechanism(s) to provide each MANET router with a unique IPv6 prefix
> (that could even be a /128). Something that might be tricky is how to
> guarantee that configured link-local addresses on the MANET interfaces
> are unique within the scope of the link, since that scope is quite
> dynamic (members of that link change over time, and even not all the
> members of that link may have the same view of the link). Potentially, a
> solution would be to ensure that these addresses are unique within the
> whole MANET, since that would ensure that they are in the scope of the
> link.

If you use EUI64-based link-local addresses, or RFC 4941 addresses, the =

probability of collisions for the link-local addresses is extremely =

small. It might make sense to have safety mechanism where the Manet can =

continue to function in the presence of duplicate link-local addresses, =

while one or both of the nodes with duplicates might end up being =

disabled. But in general it might be hard to detect such duplicates =

because you have do have some other distinguishing piece of information =

to tell the difference between a node being reachable over two different =

paths and two different nodes being identical clones.

    Erik

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Subject: Re: [Autoconf] Subnet definition
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Seung Yi wrote:

> "Why was the concept of the "subnet" introduced in the first place?"
> 
> I think the story might be something like this. First, there was an
> Ethernet segment (or something similar), which is an L2 concept. One
> of the characteristics of an Ethernet segment is, when one node on the
> segment sends something, every other nodes on the segment can
> hear/receive that. To abstract that concept (that I can reach everyone
> by simply relying on L2 facility) in L3, one introduces the concept of
> the "subnet". By carefully assigning IP addresses from a subnet range
> to all nodes on a single Ethernet segment, one can enable L3
> communication between them without having to run a routing protocol.
> So, the concept of the "subnet" seems nothing but an artificial
> construct one uses in L3 to abstract underlying L2 connectivity.

I went a looked over some old documents. A hopefully not too biased note 
of what I found:

The term "subnet" appears to have been first used in RFC917 and other 
work that lead to RFC950. That was when the classful (A, B, and C) 
network numbers were carved up into smaller "subnets" for administrative 
or technical reasons.

RFC1122 depicts the resulting IP address notation as
             We now summarize the important special cases for Class A, B,
             and C IP addresses, using the following notation for an IP
             address:

                 { <Network-number>, <Host-number> }

             or
                 { <Network-number>, <Subnet-number>, <Host-number> }

The term subnet is also used in CIDR (RFC1519) where "variable-length 
subnets" is introduced. This is the notion that different pieces of a 
Class-A/B/C network can have different number of bits in the subnet-number.

The IPv6 addressing architecture (starting with RFC 1884 and continuing 
to RFC4291) defines "subnet prefix" as N leading bits of an IPv6 
address, and also states that
    Currently, IPv6 continues the IPv4 model in that a subnet prefix is
    associated with one link.  Multiple subnet prefixes may be assigned
    to the same link.
Thus there seems to be an assumption that a subnet can not span more 
than one link, but there doesn't seem to be any statements to that 
effect any RFCs prior to RFC1884.

If we look at the earlier work for IPv4 on what is considered to be 
"on-link" e.g., for which addresses one would use ARP, it is interesting 
to note that ARP (RFC826) does not use the term "subnet" at all. Instead 
it describes things using "next hop":
	As a packet is sent down through the network layers, routing
	determines the protocol address of the next hop for the packet
	and on which piece of hardware it expects to find the station
	with the immediate target protocol address.  In the case of the
	10Mbit Ethernet, address resolution is needed and some lower
	layer (probably the hardware driver) must consult the Address
	Resolution module (perhaps implemented in the Ethernet support
	module) to convert the <protocol type, target protocol address>
	pair to a 48.bit Ethernet address.


RFC1122 doesn't use the term "subnet" for the next-hop determination 
either. Instead section 3.3.1.1 talks about an "address mask" and a 
"subnet number", that is, "subnet number" remains an address allocation 
notion.

At some point in time the ifconfig command in BSD got a "netmask" 
subcommand. It is interesting to note that it wasn't called a 
"subnetmask", even though today it might be casually viewed as such. I 
don't have the first version of the man page for ifconfig, but this 
description might be fairly old:
          Specify  how  much  of  the  address  to
          reserve  for  subdividing networks into subnetworks. The
          mask includes the network part of the local address  and
          the  subnet  part, which is taken from the host field of
          the address.

At some point folks started assigning multiple subnet prefixes to a 
single Ethernet. TBD: Find the term that was used for this.

When IPv6 was developed the de-facto terminology seemed to be that 
"subnet" refered to both an address allocation notion and the piece of 
topology to which a subnet prefix is assigned. That might have been why 
RFC1883 ended up defining tthe term "link" and RFC1884 defining "subnet 
prefix". The reason for wanting to keep those separate was that with 
IPv6 we wanted to codify the existing IPv4 practice of "assigning 
multiple subnets to a subnet", that is, assigning multiple address 
prefixes to a link.

Neighbor Discovery (RFC1970 through RFC4861) took things one step 
further by allowing separation of the address prefixes that are viewed 
as on-link (directly reachable without going through a router) and the 
address prefixes that can be used for stateless address 
autoconfiguration. Neighbor Discovery thus allows links to have no 
on-link prefixes at all (except for the link-local prefix). However, the 
Duplicate Address Detection functionality only checks for duplicates 
against the nodes that are on-link.

---

Given the old de-facto use of "subnet" to mean both "Data Link 
subnetwork" (RFC1937) i.e., what we today call "link" and an address 
prefix, it makes sense to stay away from the unqualified term "subnet".

Given the IPv6 addressing architecture seemingly assuming that a "subnet 
prefix" is on-link ("associated with one link"), perhaps we should not 
use "subnet prefix" to refer to an address prefix that is assigned to a 
collection of links, for the same reason that we don't call a /48 prefix 
a subnet prefix.

    Erik

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From: "Teco Boot" <teco@inf-net.nl>
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Hi Erik,

> Teco Boot wrote:
> 
> > Just asking: what is the problem with using NS/NA exchanges to
> discover the
> > L2 addresses with the link defined as a "within radio range"?
> 
> I don't what I said that made you think that is a problem.
> Once you know that an address is on-link then there is no problem to
> use
> NS/NA to find out the L2 address.
> But in a Manet in practice you might only end up using this for
> link-local address. The reason is that in order to know that a global
> address (any address that isn't link-local) is "reachable using one
> radio hop", you'd look at the Manet forwarding tables, and those tables
> might very well indicate the link-local address which is the IP next-
> hop
> to send the packet to. Hence you can just do the NS/NA for that
> link-local address (if you don't already have a neighbor cache entry
> for
> it.)

Fully agree! 
The question was more or less a motivation to write down which parts of ND
works well and which do not.
If we define address-resolution for L2-addresses / link-local addresses in
MANETs MUST work and address resolution may work, and we define that MANET
Routing Protocols MUST use link-local addresses, we are done. I raised this
issue in MANET, but little response at that moment.


> > Another question: do we need an "IPv6 Packets over WiFi" RFC? There
> are
> > expired I-Ds.
> 
> WiFi tries to look like an Ethernet, which means that we can use just
> "IPv6 over Ethernet". But that might not be the most efficient way to
> do
> it. Thus it might be that draft-shelby-6lowpan-nd (as it evolves) will
> be something that will be useful for WiFi or even Ethernet in general.

I think it is important that IEEE and IETF agrees in how IPv6 is transported
over 802.11 links. I have equipment on my desk that is WiFi certified but
does not support IPv6. It has to do with bridging and MAC address mappings.
Cause could be that IPv6 is missing in IEEE 802.11-2007 tables M.2 and M.3
(WLAN - Ethernet translation). Somebody can work out something for himself,
but an RFC would help making sure everything is compatible.
Other issues: 
 - MTU size (what happens when 2000 octet frame arrives at access point?)
 - DAD and duplicate L2 addresses (see I-D.daniel-ipv6-over-wifi).
Note that L2 address cloning is quite common in some communities.


Teco.



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Hi Erik,

> -----Oorspronkelijk bericht-----
> Van: Erik Nordmark [mailto:erik.nordmark@sun.com]
> Verzonden: zaterdag 22 november 2008 0:07
> Aan: Teco Boot
> CC: 'Ulrich Herberg'; autoconf@ietf.org
> Onderwerp: Re: [Autoconf] link definitions
> 
> Teco Boot wrote:
> 
> > We are on the same page. But be careful with the term subnet. I
> prefer using
> > routing prefix if we discuss routing.
> 
> I'm starting to get the feeling we should stay away from "subnet" or
> "subnet prefix", since "subnet" has too much historical stuff
> associated
> with it.
> 
> But the prefix will presumably be used for address configuration in
> addition to routing, thus "routing prefix" might be too specific.
 
I don't see that much a problem using "prefix", as the issues were we are
working on is handled by routers. Hosts in a MANET (e.g. connected to a
MANET Router via Ethernet or infrastructure mode WLAN) MUST be provided a ND
service as specified in RFC4861 / RFC4862.

Routers shall be able to handle address prefixes, including host prefixes
(alias for address, but more related to a router).


> How about something like this:
> One (or more) IP address prefixes is assigned to a Manet. The IP
> address
> autoconfiguration is used to configure addresses from that/those
> prefixes, and typically the whole Manet is represented externally as a
> single aggregated route for each of those prefixes.

OK, but I don't agree on "_single_ aggregated route".
I think multi-homing SHOULD be supported. 
And it is not that difficult (here another advertisement for
BRDP-Based-Routing).


Teco.


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Hi Erik,


<skip>

cjbc@it.uc3m.es wrote:

> > 	3. About "links". I think the term "link" should be accompanied
> by the
> > layer for which the term "link" is meaningful. There might be L2
> links
> > and L3 links and should not necessarily be the same. I'd say that a
> "LX
> > link" is defined by "what can be reached in 1 LX hop". In the case of
> > IP, an "L3/IP link" would be defined by what can be reached in 1 IP
> hop,
> > i.e. without decrementing the IPv6 hop count of the packet.
> 
> While I agree in principle, I don't think we need to concern ourselves
> with anything but "L3 link" (which RFC 2460 has defined as "link").
> Furthermore, different L2 SDOs might have differing definitions of "L2
> link" (for instance, IEEE 802 has such a definition) so we are not the
> authority on how to design such things. Thus, if possible, I think we
> should stay away from defining "L2 link".
> 
> > 	4. About what we should do in the autoconf WG: to define the
> > mechanism(s) to provide each MANET router with a unique IPv6 prefix
> > (that could even be a /128). Something that might be tricky is how to
> > guarantee that configured link-local addresses on the MANET
> interfaces
> > are unique within the scope of the link, since that scope is quite
> > dynamic (members of that link change over time, and even not all the
> > members of that link may have the same view of the link).
> Potentially, a
> > solution would be to ensure that these addresses are unique within
> the
> > whole MANET, since that would ensure that they are in the scope of
> the
> > link.
> 
> If you use EUI64-based link-local addresses, or RFC 4941 addresses, the
> probability of collisions for the link-local addresses is extremely
> small. It might make sense to have safety mechanism where the Manet can
> continue to function in the presence of duplicate link-local addresses,
> while one or both of the nodes with duplicates might end up being
> disabled. But in general it might be hard to detect such duplicates
> because you have do have some other distinguishing piece of information
> to tell the difference between a node being reachable over two
> different
> paths and two different nodes being identical clones.

In fact, IEEE 802.11 itself prevents detecting duplicate MAC addresses (see
other posting).
But we could think of some kind of detection mechanism, e.g. with help from
the MANET routing protocol.
I think this has second priority, although it is an interesting topic.


Teco.


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Great summary, Erik. This was exactly what I had in mind but didn't
have a chance to do myself. I really appreciate your taking time.

> The IPv6 addressing architecture (starting with RFC 1884 and continuing to
> RFC4291) defines "subnet prefix" as N leading bits of an IPv6 address, and
> also states that
>   Currently, IPv6 continues the IPv4 model in that a subnet prefix is
>   associated with one link.  Multiple subnet prefixes may be assigned
>   to the same link.
> Thus there seems to be an assumption that a subnet can not span more than
> one link, but there doesn't seem to be any statements to that effect any
> RFCs prior to RFC1884.
>

So, there are documents that explicitly map a link and a subnet. I'm
just curious. Have you run into any document that actually states
"IPv4 model" mentioned in above sentence?

Thanks,

- Seung
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From: "Seung Yi" <scicarus@iname.com>
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Subject: Re: [Autoconf] Subnet definition
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A bit late reply. :)

On Thu, Nov 20, 2008 at 8:17 AM, Teco Boot <teco@inf-net.nl> wrote:
>> I actually tried using the loopback interface. It's not as
>> straightforward as it seems. For example, binding an application to
>> use the address on the loopback is not very simple without modifying
>> the app.
>
> Are we discussing a RFC3484 compliant router?
>

Well, I was not, actually. Just re-read 3484 and it seems to be
addressed in there. Any clue if RFC 3484 is implemented somewhere
already?

>> By "they", I meant "ND and link-local multicast". I tried to say "ND
>> and link-local multicast" cannot be used as MANET-wide communication
>> primitives. There is no problem with address assignments.
>
> You described a problem with MANET-wide communications and problems.
> Did you mean that with LL addresses you cannot reach the whole MANET / whole
> Internet?
> This is by definition. Or am I missing something?
>

No. You're right that it is according to definition. I was commenting
that we might need to provide a MANET-wide replacement for what ND
does on a link for various reasons.
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Subject: Re: [Autoconf] Subnet definition
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Seung Yi wrote:

>> The IPv6 addressing architecture (starting with RFC 1884 and continuing to
>> RFC4291) defines "subnet prefix" as N leading bits of an IPv6 address, and
>> also states that
>>   Currently, IPv6 continues the IPv4 model in that a subnet prefix is
>>   associated with one link.  Multiple subnet prefixes may be assigned
>>   to the same link.
>> Thus there seems to be an assumption that a subnet can not span more than
>> one link, but there doesn't seem to be any statements to that effect any
>> RFCs prior to RFC1884.
>>
> 
> So, there are documents that explicitly map a link and a subnet. I'm
> just curious. Have you run into any document that actually states
> "IPv4 model" mentioned in above sentence?

I didn't find any RFCs prior to RFC1884 that explictly talked about the 
IPv4 model. RFC950 does state that the subnets correspond to a "LAN 
cable" and has an algorithm that is based on comparing whether the 
destination is part of the local 'address&mask'.

The evolution to allow multiple subnet prefixes on a one physical 
network isn't defined in an RFC AFAICT; it was something that was done 
in various products.

    Erik
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Hi Seung,

> >> By "they", I meant "ND and link-local multicast". I tried to say "ND
> >> and link-local multicast" cannot be used as MANET-wide communication
> >> primitives. There is no problem with address assignments.
> >
> > You described a problem with MANET-wide communications and problems.
> > Did you mean that with LL addresses you cannot reach the whole MANET
> / whole
> > Internet?
> > This is by definition. Or am I missing something?
> >
> 
> No. You're right that it is according to definition. I was commenting
> that we might need to provide a MANET-wide replacement for what ND
> does on a link for various reasons.

I am not sure to go in that direction. All kind of scoping makes the
addressing architecture complex.

Teco.

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Hi Erik,

On Mon, Nov 24, 2008 at 1:46 AM, Erik Nordmark <erik.nordmark@sun.com>wrote:

> Seung Yi wrote:
>
>  The IPv6 addressing architecture (starting with RFC 1884 and continuing to
>>> RFC4291) defines "subnet prefix" as N leading bits of an IPv6 address,
>>> and
>>> also states that
>>>  Currently, IPv6 continues the IPv4 model in that a subnet prefix is
>>>  associated with one link.  Multiple subnet prefixes may be assigned
>>>  to the same link.
>>> Thus there seems to be an assumption that a subnet can not span more than
>>> one link, but there doesn't seem to be any statements to that effect any
>>> RFCs prior to RFC1884.
>>>
>>>
>> So, there are documents that explicitly map a link and a subnet. I'm
>> just curious. Have you run into any document that actually states
>> "IPv4 model" mentioned in above sentence?
>>
>
> I didn't find any RFCs prior to RFC1884 that explictly talked about the
> IPv4 model. RFC950 does state that the subnets correspond to a "LAN cable"
> and has an algorithm that is based on comparing whether the destination is
> part of the local 'address&mask'.
>
> The evolution to allow multiple subnet prefixes on a one physical network
> isn't defined in an RFC AFAICT; it was something that was done in various
> products.
>
>   Erik
>



Thanks. So unless someone objects, there is indeed a consensus on the terms
below. The only question (raised by Charlie) was about the term "subnet",
but it is cleared with pointers to RFC1884 and RFC950 indicated by Erick:

- a prefix defines a contiguous range of IP addresses.- a subnet is a set of
IP addresses (that may or may not be a prefix)
that are on the same link. These addresses are then on-link with
respect to this link. All other addresses are off-link.
- a link is what lower layers reach without TTL decrement, through a given
interface.

Let's try these as starting points.
cheers
Emmanuel

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Hi Erik,<br><br><div class="gmail_quote">On Mon, Nov 24, 2008 at 1:46 AM, Erik Nordmark <span dir="ltr">&lt;<a href="mailto:erik.nordmark@sun.com">erik.nordmark@sun.com</a>&gt;</span> wrote:<br><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex;">
<div class="Ih2E3d">Seung Yi wrote:<br>
<br>
<blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex"><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">
The IPv6 addressing architecture (starting with RFC 1884 and continuing to<br>
RFC4291) defines &quot;subnet prefix&quot; as N leading bits of an IPv6 address, and<br>
also states that<br>
 &nbsp;Currently, IPv6 continues the IPv4 model in that a subnet prefix is<br>
 &nbsp;associated with one link. &nbsp;Multiple subnet prefixes may be assigned<br>
 &nbsp;to the same link.<br>
Thus there seems to be an assumption that a subnet can not span more than<br>
one link, but there doesn&#39;t seem to be any statements to that effect any<br>
RFCs prior to RFC1884.<br>
<br>
</blockquote>
<br>
So, there are documents that explicitly map a link and a subnet. I&#39;m<br>
just curious. Have you run into any document that actually states<br>
&quot;IPv4 model&quot; mentioned in above sentence?<br>
</blockquote>
<br></div>
I didn&#39;t find any RFCs prior to RFC1884 that explictly talked about the IPv4 model. RFC950 does state that the subnets correspond to a &quot;LAN cable&quot; and has an algorithm that is based on comparing whether the destination is part of the local &#39;address&amp;mask&#39;.<br>

<br>
The evolution to allow multiple subnet prefixes on a one physical network isn&#39;t defined in an RFC AFAICT; it was something that was done in various products.<br><font color="#888888">
<br>
 &nbsp; Erik</font><div><div></div><div class="Wj3C7c"></div></div></blockquote><div><br></div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div>Thanks. So unless someone objects, there is indeed a consensus on the terms below. The only question (raised by Charlie) was about the term &quot;subnet&quot;, but it is cleared with pointers to&nbsp;RFC1884 and&nbsp;RFC950 indicated by Erick:</div>
<div><br></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; ">- a prefix defines a contiguous range of IP addresses.<div class="Ih2E3d" style="color: rgb(80, 0, 80); ">- a subnet is a set of IP addresses (that may or may not be a prefix)<br>
</div>that are on the same link. These addresses are then on-link with<br>respect to this link. All other addresses are off-link.<br>- a link is what lower layers reach without TTL decrement, through&nbsp;a given interface.</span><br>
</div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse;"><br></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse;">Let&#39;s try these as starting points.</span></div><div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse;">cheers</span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse;">Emmanuel</span></div><div><br></div></div>

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Thanks. So unless someone objects, there is indeed a consensus on the terms
below. The only question (raised by Charlie) was about the term "subnet",
but it is cleared with pointers to RFC1884 and RFC950 indicated by Erick:

 

- a prefix defines a contiguous range of IP addresses.

- a subnet is a set of IP addresses (that may or may not be a prefix)

that are on the same link. These addresses are then on-link with
respect to this link. All other addresses are off-link.
- a link is what lower layers reach without TTL decrement, through a given
interface.

 

Let's try these as starting points.

 

OK, but still I think the definitions are vague.

For example, the term prefix is has restrictions in range (^2 block). Let's
xref to RFC4291 here. 

And in this RFC (which is Standards Track), "subnet" has a very different
meaning than what is often suggested on this ML.

 

On subnet: "may or may not". I think this makes the "definition" extremely
vague.

 

Why can't we use RFC2460 / RFC4861 terminology?

   

 prefix      - a bit string that consists of some number of initial

                 bits of an address.

  

  link        - a communication facility or medium over which nodes can

                 communicate at the link layer, i.e., the layer

                 immediately below IP.  Examples are Ethernets (simple

                 or bridged), PPP links, X.25, Frame Relay, or ATM

                 networks as well as Internet-layer (or higher-layer)

                 "tunnels", such as tunnels over IPv4 or IPv6 itself.

 

   interface   - a node's attachment to a link.

 

RFC4291 defines what a "subnet prefix" and a "subnet ID" is. Text is
somewhat too long to include here.

 

On link, we could borrow from a L2-link definition for 802.11-2007:

 

3.76 link: In the context of an IEEE 802.11 medium access control (MAC)
entity, a physical path consisting

of exactly one traversal of the wireless medium (WM) that is used to
transfer an MAC service data unit

(MSDU) between two stations (STAs).

 

 

IPv6-link: In the context of IPv6 addressing architecture [RFC4291], a
logical path consisting

of exactly one traversal of link layer communication facility that is used
to transfer an IP packet between two IP nodes without decrementing Lop
Limit.

 

 

Teco.

 

cheers

Emmanuel

 


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0cm 4.0pt'>

<div>

<div>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>

</div>

<div>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>

</div>

<div>

<p class=3DMsoNormal>Thanks. So unless someone objects, there is indeed =
a
consensus on the terms below. The only question (raised by Charlie) was =
about
the term &quot;subnet&quot;, but it is cleared with pointers =
to&nbsp;RFC1884
and&nbsp;RFC950 indicated by Erick:<o:p></o:p></p>

</div>

<div>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>

</div>

<div>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><span class=3Dapple-style-span>- a prefix defines a =
contiguous
range of IP addresses.<o:p></o:p></span></p>

<div>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><span style=3D'color:#500050'>- a subnet is a set =
of IP
addresses (that may or may not be a prefix)<o:p></o:p></span></p>

</div>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><span class=3Dapple-style-span>that are on the same =
link.
These addresses are then on-link with</span><br>
<span class=3Dapple-style-span>respect to this link. All other addresses =
are
off-link.</span><br>
<span class=3Dapple-style-span>- a link is what lower layers reach =
without TTL
decrement, through&nbsp;a given interface.</span><o:p></o:p></p>

</div>

<div>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>

</div>

<div>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><span class=3Dapple-style-span>Let's try these as =
starting
points.<o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><b><i><span =
style=3D'font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></i></b></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><b><span =
style=3D'font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Courier New";
color:#1F497D'>OK, but still I think the definitions are =
vague.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><b><span =
style=3D'font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Courier New";
color:#1F497D'>For example, the term prefix is has restrictions in range =
(^2
block). Let&#8217;s xref to RFC4291 here. <o:p></o:p></span></b></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><b><span =
style=3D'font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Courier New";
color:#1F497D'>And in this RFC (which is Standards Track), =
&#8220;subnet&#8221;
has a very different meaning than what is often suggested on this =
ML.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><b><span =
style=3D'font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Courier New";
color:#1F497D'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></b></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><b><span =
style=3D'font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Courier New";
color:#1F497D'>On subnet: &#8220;may or may not&#8221;. I think this =
makes the &#8220;definition&#8221;
extremely vague.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><b><span =
style=3D'font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Courier New";
color:#1F497D'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></b></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><b><span =
style=3D'font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Courier New";
color:#1F497D'>Why can&#8217;t we use RFC2460 / RFC4861 =
terminology?<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'margin-left:5.1pt'><b><span =
style=3D'font-size:9.0pt;
font-family:"Courier New";color:#1F497D'>&nbsp;&nbsp; =
<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'margin-left:10.2pt'><b><span =
style=3D'font-size:9.0pt;
font-family:"Courier =
New";color:#1F497D'>&nbsp;prefix&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
- a bit string that consists of some number of =
initial<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'margin-left:5.1pt'><b><span =
style=3D'font-size:9.0pt;
font-family:"Courier =
New";color:#1F497D'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
bits of an address.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'margin-left:5.1pt'><b><span =
style=3D'font-size:9.0pt;
font-family:"Courier New";color:#1F497D'>&nbsp; =
<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'margin-left:5.1pt'><b><span =
style=3D'font-size:9.0pt;
font-family:"Courier New";color:#1F497D'>&nbsp; =
link&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
- a communication facility or medium over which nodes =
can<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'margin-left:5.1pt'><b><span =
style=3D'font-size:9.0pt;
font-family:"Courier =
New";color:#1F497D'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
communicate at the link layer, i.e., the layer<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'margin-left:5.1pt'><b><span =
style=3D'font-size:9.0pt;
font-family:"Courier =
New";color:#1F497D'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
immediately below IP.&nbsp; Examples are Ethernets =
(simple<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'margin-left:5.1pt'><b><span =
style=3D'font-size:9.0pt;
font-family:"Courier =
New";color:#1F497D'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
or bridged), PPP links, X.25, Frame Relay, or =
ATM<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'margin-left:5.1pt'><b><span =
style=3D'font-size:9.0pt;
font-family:"Courier =
New";color:#1F497D'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
networks as well as Internet-layer (or =
higher-layer)<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'margin-left:5.1pt'><b><span =
style=3D'font-size:9.0pt;
font-family:"Courier =
New";color:#1F497D'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
&quot;tunnels&quot;, such as tunnels over IPv4 or IPv6 =
itself.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'margin-left:5.1pt'><b><span =
style=3D'font-size:9.0pt;
font-family:"Courier =
New";color:#1F497D'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></b></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><b><span =
style=3D'font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Courier New";
color:#1F497D'>&nbsp;&nbsp; interface&nbsp;&nbsp; - a node's attachment =
to a
link.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><b><span =
style=3D'font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Courier New";
color:#1F497D'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></b></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><b><span =
style=3D'font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Courier New";
color:#1F497D'>RFC4291 defines what a &#8220;subnet prefix&#8221; and a =
&#8220;subnet
ID&#8221; is. Text is somewhat too long to include =
here.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><b><span =
style=3D'font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Courier New";
color:#1F497D'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></b></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><b><span =
style=3D'font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Courier New";
color:#1F497D'>On link, we could borrow from a L2-link definition for
802.11-2007:<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><b><span =
style=3D'font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Courier New";
color:#1F497D'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></b></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'margin-left:4.8pt'><b><span =
style=3D'font-size:9.0pt;
font-family:"Courier New";color:#1F497D'>3.76 link: In the context of an =
IEEE
802.11 medium access control (MAC) entity, a physical path =
consisting<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'margin-left:4.8pt'><b><span =
style=3D'font-size:9.0pt;
font-family:"Courier New";color:#1F497D'>of exactly one traversal of the
wireless medium (WM) that is used to transfer an MAC service data =
unit<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><b><span =
style=3D'font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Courier New";
color:#1F497D'>(MSDU) between two stations =
(STAs).<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><b><span =
style=3D'font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Courier New";
color:#1F497D'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></b></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><b><span =
style=3D'font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Courier New";
color:#1F497D'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></b></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'margin-left:4.8pt'><b><span =
style=3D'font-size:9.0pt;
font-family:"Courier New";color:#1F497D'>IPv6-link: In the context of =
IPv6
addressing architecture [RFC4291], a logical path =
consisting<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'margin-left:9.9pt'><b><span =
style=3D'font-size:9.0pt;
font-family:"Courier New";color:#1F497D'>of exactly one traversal of =
link layer
communication facility that is used to transfer an IP packet between two =
IP
nodes without decrementing Lop Limit.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><b><span =
style=3D'font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Courier New";
color:#1F497D'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></b></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><b><span =
style=3D'font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Courier New";
color:#1F497D'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></b></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><b><span =
style=3D'font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Courier New";
color:#1F497D'>Teco.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><span =
style=3D'font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>

</div>

<div>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><span =
class=3Dapple-style-span>cheers</span><o:p></o:p></p>

</div>

<div>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><span =
class=3Dapple-style-span>Emmanuel</span><o:p></o:p></p>

</div>

<div>

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Hi Teco,
OK Let's refine.


On Mon, Nov 24, 2008 at 10:50 AM, Teco Boot <teco@inf-net.nl> wrote
>
> *On subnet: "may or may not". I think this makes the "definition"
> extremely vague.*
>
> * *
>
I agree, let's remove it.


> **
>
> *Why can't we use RFC2460 / RFC4861 terminology?*
>
> *   *
>
> * prefix      - a bit string that consists of some number of initial*
>
> *                 bits of an address.*
>
> *  *
>
> *  link        - a communication facility or medium over which nodes can*
>
> *                 communicate at the link layer, i.e., the layer*
>
> *                 immediately below IP.  Examples are Ethernets (simple*
>
> *                 or bridged), PPP links, X.25, Frame Relay, or ATM*
>
> *                 networks as well as Internet-layer (or higher-layer)*
>
> *                 "tunnels", such as tunnels over IPv4 or IPv6 itself.*
>
> * *
>
> *   interface   - a node's attachment to a link.*
>
> * *
>
> *RFC4291 defines what a "subnet prefix" and a "subnet ID" is. Text is
> somewhat too long to include here.*
>
> * *
>

Yes. This is too vague compared to the earlier references pointed out by
Erick (RFC1884 and RFC950). I think we have to be clear on this, so I'd
rather stick with we have for now.


> **
>
> *On link, we could borrow from a L2-link definition for 802.11-2007:*
>
> *IPv6-link: In the context of IPv6 addressing architecture [RFC4291], a
> logical path consisting*
>
> *of exactly one traversal of link layer communication facility that is
> used to transfer an IP packet between two IP nodes without decrementing Lop
> Limit.*
>
> * *
>
> *Teco *
>

I guess this is a routing-based definition, talking about a path. We are
rather trying to have a definition based on the addressing scheme, so maybe
we could talk about a scope instead? We would then have the following:

- a prefix defines a contiguous range of IP addresses, represented by the
initial bit string common to all these addresses (as per RFC4291).

- a subnet is a set of IP addresses that are on the same link (as
per RFC1884 and RFC950). These addresses are then on-link with respect to
this link. All other addresses are off-link.

- a link is the logical scope that layer 2 provides, for IP packet transfer
without TTL decrement, through a given interface.

- an interface is a node's attachment to a link (as per RFC4861).



Emmanuel

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Hi Teco,&nbsp;<div><br></div><div>OK Let&#39;s refine.</div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div><div class="gmail_quote">On Mon, Nov 24, 2008 at 10:50 AM, Teco Boot <span dir="ltr">&lt;<a href="mailto:teco@inf-net.nl">teco@inf-net.nl</a>&gt;</span> wrote<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(31, 73, 125); font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;; font-size: 12px; font-weight: bold; ">&nbsp;</span><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex;">
<div lang="EN-US" link="blue" vlink="purple"><div><div style="border:none;border-left:solid blue 1.5pt;padding:0cm 0cm 0cm 4.0pt"><div><div>

<p><b><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:&quot;Courier New&quot;;color:#1F497D">On subnet: "may or may not". I think this makes the "definition"
extremely vague.</span></b></p>

<p><b><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:&quot;Courier New&quot;;color:#1F497D">&nbsp;</span></b></p></div></div></div></div></div></blockquote><div>I agree, let&#39;s remove it.</div><div>&nbsp;</div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex;">
<div lang="EN-US" link="blue" vlink="purple"><div><div style="border:none;border-left:solid blue 1.5pt;padding:0cm 0cm 0cm 4.0pt"><div><div><p><b><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:&quot;Courier New&quot;;color:#1F497D"></span></b></p>


<p><b><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:&quot;Courier New&quot;;color:#1F497D">Why can't we use RFC2460 / RFC4861 terminology?</span></b></p>

<p style="margin-left:5.1pt"><b><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:&quot;Courier New&quot;;color:#1F497D">&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></b></p>

<p style="margin-left:10.2pt"><b><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:&quot;Courier New&quot;;color:#1F497D">&nbsp;prefix&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
- a bit string that consists of some number of initial</span></b></p>

<p style="margin-left:5.1pt"><b><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:&quot;Courier New&quot;;color:#1F497D">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
bits of an address.</span></b></p>

<p style="margin-left:5.1pt"><b><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:&quot;Courier New&quot;;color:#1F497D">&nbsp; </span></b></p>

<p style="margin-left:5.1pt"><b><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:&quot;Courier New&quot;;color:#1F497D">&nbsp; link&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
- a communication facility or medium over which nodes can</span></b></p>

<p style="margin-left:5.1pt"><b><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:&quot;Courier New&quot;;color:#1F497D">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
communicate at the link layer, i.e., the layer</span></b></p>

<p style="margin-left:5.1pt"><b><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:&quot;Courier New&quot;;color:#1F497D">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
immediately below IP.&nbsp; Examples are Ethernets (simple</span></b></p>

<p style="margin-left:5.1pt"><b><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:&quot;Courier New&quot;;color:#1F497D">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
or bridged), PPP links, X.25, Frame Relay, or ATM</span></b></p>

<p style="margin-left:5.1pt"><b><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:&quot;Courier New&quot;;color:#1F497D">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
networks as well as Internet-layer (or higher-layer)</span></b></p>

<p style="margin-left:5.1pt"><b><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:&quot;Courier New&quot;;color:#1F497D">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
&quot;tunnels&quot;, such as tunnels over IPv4 or IPv6 itself.</span></b></p>

<p style="margin-left:5.1pt"><b><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:&quot;Courier New&quot;;color:#1F497D">&nbsp;</span></b></p>

<p><b><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:&quot;Courier New&quot;;color:#1F497D">&nbsp;&nbsp; interface&nbsp;&nbsp; - a node&#39;s attachment to a
link.</span></b></p>

<p><b><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:&quot;Courier New&quot;;color:#1F497D">&nbsp;</span></b></p>

<p><b><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:&quot;Courier New&quot;;color:#1F497D">RFC4291 defines what a "subnet prefix" and a "subnet
ID" is. Text is somewhat too long to include here.</span></b></p>

<p><b><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:&quot;Courier New&quot;;color:#1F497D">&nbsp;</span></b></p></div></div></div></div></div></blockquote><div><br></div><div>Yes. This is too vague compared to the earlier references pointed out by Erick (RFC1884 and&nbsp;RFC950). I think we have to be clear on this, so I&#39;d rather stick with we have for now.</div>
<div>&nbsp;</div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex;"><div lang="EN-US" link="blue" vlink="purple"><div><div style="border:none;border-left:solid blue 1.5pt;padding:0cm 0cm 0cm 4.0pt">
<div><div><p><b><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:&quot;Courier New&quot;;color:#1F497D"></span></b></p>

<p><b><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:&quot;Courier New&quot;;color:#1F497D">On link, we could borrow from a L2-link definition for
802.11-2007:</span></b></p>

<p style="margin-left:4.8pt"><b><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:&quot;Courier New&quot;;color:#1F497D">IPv6-link: In the context of IPv6
addressing architecture [RFC4291], a logical path consisting</span></b></p>

<p style="margin-left:9.9pt"><b><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:&quot;Courier New&quot;;color:#1F497D">of exactly one traversal of link layer
communication facility that is used to transfer an IP packet between two IP
nodes without decrementing Lop Limit.</span></b></p>

<p><b><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:&quot;Courier New&quot;;color:#1F497D">&nbsp;</span></b></p>

<p><b><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:&quot;Courier New&quot;;color:#1F497D">Teco<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: arial; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; ">&nbsp;</span></span></b></p>
</div></div></div></div></div></blockquote></div><br></div><div>I guess this is a routing-based definition, talking about a path. We are rather trying to have a definition based on the addressing scheme, so maybe we could talk about a scope instead? We would then have the following:</div>
<div><br></div><div><p><span>- a prefix defines a contiguous range of IP addresses, represented by the initial bit string common to all these addresses (as per RFC4291).</span></p><div><p><span style="color: rgb(80, 0, 80); ">- a subnet is a set of IP addresses&nbsp;<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); ">that are on the same link (as per&nbsp;RFC1884 and&nbsp;RFC950). These addresses are then on-link with&nbsp;respect to this link. All other addresses are off-link.</span></span></p>
</div><p><span>- a link is the logical scope that layer 2 provides, for IP packet transfer without TTL decrement, through&nbsp;a given interface.</span></p><p>- an interface is a node&#39;s attachment to a link (as per&nbsp;RFC4861).</p>
<p><br></p><p><br></p><p>Emmanuel</p><p><br></p></div>

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- a subnet is a set of IP addresses that are on the same link (as per
RFC1884 and RFC950). These addresses are then on-link with respect to this
link. All other addresses are off-link.

[Teco:] RFC1884 is historic. RFC4291 is the current IPv6 Addressing
Architecture. 

 

Think about RFC3775  / 4887 and 4903 discussing the issues.

Do you think home addresses that are not on the home link are not part of
the subnet?

Teco.

 


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	font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
	color:#1F497D;}
.MsoChpDefault
	{mso-style-type:export-only;}
@page Section1
	{size:612.0pt 792.0pt;
	margin:70.85pt 70.85pt 70.85pt 70.85pt;}
div.Section1
	{page:Section1;}
-->
</style>
<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
 <o:shapedefaults v:ext=3D"edit" spidmax=3D"1026" />
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
 <o:shapelayout v:ext=3D"edit">
  <o:idmap v:ext=3D"edit" data=3D"1" />
 </o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]-->
</head>

<body lang=3DEN-US link=3Dblue vlink=3Dpurple>

<div class=3DSection1>

<div style=3D'border:none;border-left:solid blue 1.5pt;padding:0cm 0cm =
0cm 4.0pt'>

<div>

<div>

<p><span style=3D'color:#500050'>- a subnet is a set of IP =
addresses&nbsp;</span><span
class=3Dapple-style-span><span style=3D'color:black'>that are on the =
same link (as
per&nbsp;RFC1884 and&nbsp;RFC950). These addresses are then on-link
with&nbsp;respect to this link. All other addresses are =
off-link.</span><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><b><i><span =
style=3D'font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>[Teco:] </span></i></b><span =
style=3D'font-size:11.0pt;font-family:
"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>RFC1884 is historic. RFC4291 is =
the
current IPv6 Addressing Architecture. <o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><span =
style=3D'font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><span =
style=3D'font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>Think about RFC3775 &nbsp;/ 4887 and 4903 discussing the =
issues.<o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><span =
style=3D'font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>Do you think home addresses that are not on the home link =
are
not part of the subnet?<o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p><span =
style=3D'font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497=
D'>Teco.<o:p></o:p></span></p>

</div>

<p><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>

</div>

</div>

</div>

</body>

</html>

------=_NextPart_000_0041_01C94E2E.AA42DAA0--


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From autoconf-bounces@ietf.org  Mon Nov 24 11:01:27 2008
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Teco Boot wrote:

> Somewhat more important: Is a IP addresses within a prefix, that is assigned
> & configured on an interface, but that is not on-link, part of a subnet? If
> not, I think somewhat should write this down. 6MAN?

I think that is a key thing to get clarified. 6MAN might be the best 
place to do so.

My take is that an address that is drawn from a prefix that isn't 
on-link on any link does not have to be part of a subnet.

    Erik
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Teco Boot wrote:

> I think it is important that IEEE and IETF agrees in how IPv6 is transported
> over 802.11 links. I have equipment on my desk that is WiFi certified but
> does not support IPv6. It has to do with bridging and MAC address mappings.
> Cause could be that IPv6 is missing in IEEE 802.11-2007 tables M.2 and M.3
> (WLAN - Ethernet translation). Somebody can work out something for himself,
> but an RFC would help making sure everything is compatible.

I've been assuming that RFC2484 is sufficient even though it limits its 
scope to ISO/IEC 8802-3. The reason I think it is sufficient is that 
802.11 is normally bridged to 802.3 hence it better provide the same 
service model as 802.3.

> Other issues: 
>  - MTU size (what happens when 2000 octet frame arrives at access point?)

If 802.3 and 8702.11 are bridged together then IEEE 802 better have an 
answer.
If there is a router between them then standard IP routing as defined by 
the IETF applies.

>  - DAD and duplicate L2 addresses (see I-D.daniel-ipv6-over-wifi).

I can see that detecting duplicate L2 addresses is problematic. But one 
can still detect duplicate IP addresses when the L2 addresses are unique.

But I wonder why the IPv6 WG didn't do anything with that draft.

    Erik

> Note that L2 address cloning is quite common in some communities.
> 
> 
> Teco.
> 
> 
> 

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Emmanuel Baccelli wrote:

> Thanks. So unless someone objects, there is indeed a consensus on the 
> terms below. The only question (raised by Charlie) was about the term 
> "subnet", but it is cleared with pointers to RFC1884 and RFC950 
> indicated by Erick:
> 
> - a prefix defines a contiguous range of IP addresses.
> - a subnet is a set of IP addresses (that may or may not be a prefix)
> that are on the same link. These addresses are then on-link with
> respect to this link. All other addresses are off-link.
> - a link is what lower layers reach without TTL decrement, through a 
> given interface.

I think the usage of "subnet" in RFC950 assumes it is a prefix since it 
describes things using a bitmask.

But I don't think we actually need to refer to a definition of "subnet" 
for autoconf; that is important is that the prefix(es) from which 
addresses are configured are not on-link on any link.

    Erik
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Teco Boot wrote:

> *On link, we could borrow from a L2-link definition for 802.11-2007:*
> 
> * *
> 
> *3.76 link: In the context of an IEEE 802.11 medium access control (MAC) 
> entity, a physical path consisting*
> 
> *of exactly one traversal of the wireless medium (WM) that is used to 
> transfer an MAC service data unit*
> 
> *(MSDU) between two stations (STAs).*


The IEEE 802 definition of a "link" is quite different than the 
definition in RFC 2460.

For example, if I have a host using 802.11 and it sends a packet via the 
AP onto an Ethernet and it passes via a 802.1D bridge before reaching 
the L2 destination, then it has traversed three "802 links"; one to get 
to the AP, one between the AP and the bridge, and one from the bridge to 
the L2 destination.

    Erik


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Cc: autoconf@ietf.org, 'Emmanuel Baccelli' <Emmanuel.Baccelli@inria.fr>
Subject: Re: [Autoconf] Subnet definition
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Teco Boot wrote:

> draft-ietf-6man-ipv6-subnet-model-02 (IPv6 Subnet Model: the Relationship
> between Links and Subnet Prefixes) discusses this.
> Can we conclude that "IPv6 subnet" equals "IPv6 on-link prefix" equals "IPv6
> subnet prefix" as described in this I-D? (I added IPv6 as context qualifier)
> 
> I had the impression that some intended that a subnet is a set of on-link
> addresses, which typically would not be contiguous. 
> Why not using the aliases as above? 
> If not, post this as issue on the 6man draft?
> If so, let's follow the 6man draft terminology and use subnet as alias for
> on-link prefix. Maybe prefer on-link prefix to keep in line with the 6man
> I-D.

My personal take is that "on-link prefix" is more specific than "subnet" 
or "subnet prefix" (having co-authored both RFC 4861 and the above 
draft.) But it might be that the above draft could use some crisper use 
of terminology. Thus suggestions for improvements are welcome.

    Erik

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Subject: Re: [Autoconf] link definitions
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Teco Boot wrote:
> Hi Erik,

>> I'm starting to get the feeling we should stay away from "subnet" or
>> "subnet prefix", since "subnet" has too much historical stuff
>> associated
>> with it.
>>
>> But the prefix will presumably be used for address configuration in
>> addition to routing, thus "routing prefix" might be too specific.
>  
> I don't see that much a problem using "prefix", as the issues were we are
> working on is handled by routers. Hosts in a MANET (e.g. connected to a
> MANET Router via Ethernet or infrastructure mode WLAN) MUST be provided a ND
> service as specified in RFC4861 / RFC4862.
> 
> Routers shall be able to handle address prefixes, including host prefixes
> (alias for address, but more related to a router).

I agree that "prefix" is ok; I think "routing prefix" might be too 
specific. So I think we are in agreement.

>> How about something like this:
>> One (or more) IP address prefixes is assigned to a Manet. The IP
>> address
>> autoconfiguration is used to configure addresses from that/those
>> prefixes, and typically the whole Manet is represented externally as a
>> single aggregated route for each of those prefixes.
> 
> OK, but I don't agree on "_single_ aggregated route".
> I think multi-homing SHOULD be supported. 

Sure.
What I meant is that all the addresses that fall in a given prefix is 
normally represented externally as a single route. That doesn't prevent
1) addresses being allocated from multiple prefixes (resulting in 
multiple routes being advertised), or
2) multiple routers (at the "edge" of the Manet) announcing that/those 
route(s)

    Erik
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From autoconf-bounces@ietf.org  Mon Nov 24 15:03:02 2008
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Subject: Re: [Autoconf] Try to eliminate term subnet?
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Charles E. Perkins wrote:
> 
> Hello folks,
> 
> I am very nervous about not having a definition for the
> term "subnet" for two reasons:
> 
> - If we don't define it, we must constantly be on watch to
>    make sure it is not used, and to explain why it is not
>    used.  This will be a battle of perpetual weariness.

The best way to handle that is to get community consensus around the 
fact that we have cases when there is an address prefix which isn't 
on-link for any link, hence we don't have "subnet prefixes".

If it is helpful I can draft a short I-D for the 6man WG on this.

> - As difficult as it may be, a subnet would naturally be
>    the unit of address allocation.  And, that's what we
>    are tasked with doing in [autoconf].  Of course we
>    could allocate addresses out of some random grab
>    bag of addresses, but I'm willing to bet people would
>    not like that.

A think a prefix (or set of prefixes) is the natural unit of address 
allocation.

RFC950 defines a "subnet" as both being a unit of address allocation and 
part of the mechanism to determine what is on-link. (It doesn't use the 
term on-link, but the actual description is what RFC4862 calls on-link; 
can deliver packet at L2.)

Given that is how "subnet" is used it doesn't make sense to reuse that 
term to be the prefix for address allocation across a collection of 
links, since that would conflict with the on-link property.

Thus from a terminology perspective we can't reuse "subnet" to be the 
prefix from which autoconf allocates addresses.

    Erik
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From: Carlos =?ISO-8859-1?Q?Jes=FAs?= Bernardos Cano <cjbc@it.uc3m.es>
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Hi Erik, all,

El vie, 21-11-2008 a las 15:16 -0800, Erik Nordmark escribi=F3:
> Carlos Jes=FAs Bernardos Cano wrote:
>=20
> > 	So, let me try to provide my (current) view on some of the things that
> > have been discussed. Most of them might have been already proposed by
> > others, so I'm just taking those pieces from here and there that I'm
> > happy with.
> >=20
> > 	1. About "MANET Links". I'm not completely sure we really need to
> > define anything new. I see MANETs as networks composed of a set of
> > routers that move. These routers have interfaces that belong to links -=
-
> > these links being defined by the L2 reachability/radio
> > coverage/connectivity of the interface. The difference is that these
> > links are quite dynamic (because the routers move) and might not have
> > some nice properties, such as transitivity, symmetry, etc (but this is
> > because of the L2 technology of the interface).
>=20
> Agreed.
>=20
> > 	2. About "subnets" and addressing. In my understanding of a MANET, I
> > see each of the routers of a MANET getting one (or several) unique IPv6
> > prefix. Out of that prefix, the MANET router configures and address for
> > its loopback interface. On the interface over which the MANET router
> > runs a MANET routing protocol, only a link-local address needs to be
> > configured. The router may be delegated more than one prefix, to
> > configure other physical interfaces (regular hosts might attach to thes=
e
> > interfaces, and configure IPv6 address from the delegated prefixes). Th=
e
> > MANET routing protocol takes care of providing reachability within the
> > MANET, MANET routers do not need to change their IP addresses due to
> > inner mobility within the MANET.
>=20
> That matches my understanding.
>=20
> > 	3. About "links". I think the term "link" should be accompanied by the
> > layer for which the term "link" is meaningful. There might be L2 links
> > and L3 links and should not necessarily be the same. I'd say that a "LX
> > link" is defined by "what can be reached in 1 LX hop". In the case of
> > IP, an "L3/IP link" would be defined by what can be reached in 1 IP hop=
,
> > i.e. without decrementing the IPv6 hop count of the packet.
>=20
> While I agree in principle, I don't think we need to concern ourselves=20
> with anything but "L3 link" (which RFC 2460 has defined as "link").
> Furthermore, different L2 SDOs might have differing definitions of "L2=20
> link" (for instance, IEEE 802 has such a definition) so we are not the=20
> authority on how to design such things. Thus, if possible, I think we=20
> should stay away from defining "L2 link".

Agree, I just wanted to point out that the term "link" may mean
different things. Fully agree we should only consider L3 links.

>=20
> > 	4. About what we should do in the autoconf WG: to define the
> > mechanism(s) to provide each MANET router with a unique IPv6 prefix
> > (that could even be a /128). Something that might be tricky is how to
> > guarantee that configured link-local addresses on the MANET interfaces
> > are unique within the scope of the link, since that scope is quite
> > dynamic (members of that link change over time, and even not all the
> > members of that link may have the same view of the link). Potentially, =
a
> > solution would be to ensure that these addresses are unique within the
> > whole MANET, since that would ensure that they are in the scope of the
> > link.
>=20
> If you use EUI64-based link-local addresses, or RFC 4941 addresses, the=20
> probability of collisions for the link-local addresses is extremely=20
> small. It might make sense to have safety mechanism where the Manet can=20
> continue to function in the presence of duplicate link-local addresses,=20
> while one or both of the nodes with duplicates might end up being=20
> disabled. But in general it might be hard to detect such duplicates=20
> because you have do have some other distinguishing piece of information=20
> to tell the difference between a node being reachable over two different=20
> paths and two different nodes being identical clones.

Also agree.

Carlos

>=20
>     Erik
>=20
--=20
 Carlos Jes=FAs Bernardos Cano     http://www.netcoms.net
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From autoconf-bounces@ietf.org  Mon Nov 24 15:36:20 2008
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Hello Erik,

I'm somewhat behind on the discussion...

Erik Nordmark wrote:
>
>
> While I agree in principle, I don't think we need to concern ourselves 
> with anything but "L3 link" (which RFC 2460 has defined as "link").

Do you think it is possible to have a "L3 link" between nodes that are
not on the same subnet?  How about if they are on different subnets,
but not advertising reachability for those subnets?

If these are legitimate operations in your view, and if it "L3 link" is
then seen to be quite distinct from "subnet", then maybe it is the
concept we need.


> Furthermore, different L2 SDOs might have differing definitions of "L2 
> link" (for instance, IEEE 802 has such a definition) so we are not the 
> authority on how to design such things. Thus, if possible, I think we 
> should stay away from defining "L2 link".

If "L3 link" will do the job for MANET, I agree.  Otherwise (and
only if "L3 link" won't do), we might set about defining something
called a "MANET link".


Regards,
Charlie P.

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Hello Erik,

One more note related to the saga of "netmask".

Erik Nordmark wrote:
>
> At some point in time the ifconfig command in BSD got a "netmask" 
> subcommand. It is interesting to note that it wasn't called a 
> "subnetmask", even though today it might be casually viewed as such. I 
> don't have the first version of the man page for ifconfig, but this 
> description might be fairly old:
>          Specify  how  much  of  the  address  to
>          reserve  for  subdividing networks into subnetworks. The
>          mask includes the network part of the local address  and
>          the  subnet  part, which is taken from the host field of
>          the address.

I think there was an older definition for "netmask", because as I recall 
it was
possible for the netmask to specify noncontiguous bits of the address space.
Fortunately, it seemed that no sane person ever really tried to use it this
way, and the feature was subsequently deleted.

Surely there's some BSDv3 man pages out there somewhere :-)
(but I could not find them in the limited time I've had to look).

Regards,
Charlie P.

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Hi Charlie,

Glad to hear from you that there are some viable worked solutions.  As a recent lurker to the group, it's hard to tell where to start to build a real product so your guidance is really appreciated

I'm looking largely at single hop mesh and single direct connect ad hoc.  Routing is not so important as basic services between devices for the use case I'm pursuing:

So given this use case ... I see that forwarded multicast might be useful:
draft-ietf-manet-smf-08.txt

This requires you to discover your neighbors:
draft-ietf-manet-nhdp-07.txt


Now you still need an IP address.  Is forwarded mulicast to support existing mechanisms enough or is something else needed?  I've seen a few proposals (expired RFCs) ... is there consensous in the group  on a particular approach


> -----Original Message-----
> From: Charles E. Perkins [mailto:charles.perkins@earthlink.net]
>
>
> Hello Paul,
>
>
> Paul Lambert wrote:
> >
 ... clip

> Yes!  We've been arguing about subnets and links for so long,
> maybe people forgot why the working group was formed!
>
> There are some very interesting and some very straightforward
> approaches.  These systems have been built and tested and found
> to be worthwhile.  That was why we started the group, in the
> belief that a standard approach would create new markets for
> ad hoc networks, as well as providing new insights.  Ryuji and I
> published what I thought was a very valuable approach lo these
> many years ago.
>
> I do not want to sound bitter, but the people complaining the
> most about lack of architecture do not seem to have contributed
> any of their solutions or experience with implementations.

I do agree that the pace appears to be slow ...  I suspect it's not this forum, but the industry as a whole that has been slow to adopt useable "ad hoc" solutions.  Ad hoc has been overshadowed by more simple star topologies.  I'm hoping that there is still a window to get out a ad hoc products :-)

Regards,

Paul




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Hi Eric,

> > I think it is important that IEEE and IETF agrees in how IPv6 is
> transported
> > over 802.11 links. I have equipment on my desk that is WiFi certified
> but
> > does not support IPv6. It has to do with bridging and MAC address
> mappings.
> > Cause could be that IPv6 is missing in IEEE 802.11-2007 tables M.2
> and M.3
> > (WLAN - Ethernet translation). Somebody can work out something for
> himself,
> > but an RFC would help making sure everything is compatible.
> 
> I've been assuming that RFC2484 is sufficient even though it limits its
> scope to ISO/IEC 8802-3. The reason I think it is sufficient is that
> 802.11 is normally bridged to 802.3 hence it better provide the same
> service model as 802.3.

With 802.11 in infrastructure mode, I think I can agree. Although there are
issues like MTU.


> > Other issues:
> >  - MTU size (what happens when 2000 octet frame arrives at access
> point?)
> 
> If 802.3 and 802.11 are bridged together then IEEE 802 better have an
> answer.
> If there is a router between them then standard IP routing as defined
> by
> the IETF applies.

OK, but I see two issues (at least):
 1 - 802.1D-2004 6.3.8 Maximum Service Data Unit Size
>>>> No attempt is made by a Bridge to relay a frame to a LAN 
>>>> that does not support the size of Service Data Unit conveyed 
>>>> by that frame.

Maximum Service Data Unit Size on 802.3 and 802.11 are different (1500 vs.
2304).
How can we make sure IPv6 can be used on WiFi networks, without bothering
users with all kind of MTU / MaxSDU size problems?
We could _assume_ RFC2464's 1500 default MTU size SHOULD be used on other
802 networks.
But with Dave Thaler his talk in mind, we could better specify our
assumptions.
We could think of using a MUST here.

RA MTU option would be a method to solve problems.
We could specify a router that has a link connected to a heterogeneous LAN
with 802.3 and 802.11 SHOULD send MTU options with MTU 1500. 

 2 - 802.1D-2004 6.5.4 Support by IEEE Std 802.11 (Wireless LANs):
>>>> A bridge shall not connect to an IEEE 802.11 Independent BSS.

I think this is important for MANETs, a router cannot be attached to an IBSS
WLAN bridge via an Ethernet link.
There are methods to solve problems here, e.g. using 4-address mode (DS To
DS: 1 From DS: 1).
This is to be addressed in IEEE, IETF is not primary responsible.


Teco.



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Subject: Re: [Autoconf] Subnet definition
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Hi Erik,

> Teco Boot wrote:
> 
> > *On link, we could borrow from a L2-link definition for 802.11-2007:*
> >
> > * *
> >
> > *3.76 link: In the context of an IEEE 802.11 medium access control
> (MAC)
> > entity, a physical path consisting*
> >
> > *of exactly one traversal of the wireless medium (WM) that is used to
> > transfer an MAC service data unit*
> >
> > *(MSDU) between two stations (STAs).*
> 
> 
> The IEEE 802 definition of a "link" is quite different than the
> definition in RFC 2460.
> 
> For example, if I have a host using 802.11 and it sends a packet via
> the
> AP onto an Ethernet and it passes via a 802.1D bridge before reaching
> the L2 destination, then it has traversed three "802 links"; one to get
> to the AP, one between the AP and the bridge, and one from the bridge
> to
> the L2 destination.

Agreed.
For addressing, it doesn't matter how many lower layer links are passed
between the on-link IPv6 nodes. 
But for MANET protocols, this is important.
Question is, do we produce a MANET Architecture for both MANET and Autoconf
WGs? Or just for Autoconf?

If its usage is solely for Autoconf and not for MANET, let's rename the
document to something else than MANET Architecture, as it could be very
confusing.

Teco.




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Teco Boot
> Erik Nordmark
>> The reason I think it is sufficient is that
>> 802.11 is normally bridged to 802.3 hence it better provide the same
>> service model as 802.3.
> With 802.11 in infrastructure mode, I think I can agree.

Of course for a MANET, we may (are more likely to?) use 802.11 ad hoc
mode, and we need a model that will handle that.

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> Question is, do we produce a MANET Architecture for both MANET and
Autoconf
> WGs? Or just for Autoconf?

Absolutely definitely the former. Or rather, not for the WGs,
but to define the architecture of a MANET, in which routing
will use a MANET routing protocol (as developed in the MANET
WG) and address autoconfiguration, when needed, will use a
suitable protocol (specified by - it's an officially open
question whether new protocols are needed - the Autoconf WG).

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Charles E. Perkins wrote:
> 
> Hello Erik,
> 
> I'm somewhat behind on the discussion...

So am I.

> Erik Nordmark wrote:
>>
>>
>> While I agree in principle, I don't think we need to concern ourselves 
>> with anything but "L3 link" (which RFC 2460 has defined as "link").
> 
> Do you think it is possible to have a "L3 link" between nodes that are
> not on the same subnet?  How about if they are on different subnets,
> but not advertising reachability for those subnets?

Existing operation practice sometimes handles point-to-point links 
between routers that way; each router has an IP address from the prefix 
assigned to the ISP owning that router.

And in principle I don't see why one couldn't do that for links that are 
not point-to-point. There is a potential inefficiency if IPv4 hosts are 
attached to such a link since they might send packets to a suboptimal 
1st hop router, and there is no way the router can send an acceptable 
redirect.

> If these are legitimate operations in your view, and if it "L3 link" is
> then seen to be quite distinct from "subnet", then maybe it is the
> concept we need.

Good.

    Erik

>> Furthermore, different L2 SDOs might have differing definitions of "L2 
>> link" (for instance, IEEE 802 has such a definition) so we are not the 
>> authority on how to design such things. Thus, if possible, I think we 
>> should stay away from defining "L2 link".
> 
> If "L3 link" will do the job for MANET, I agree.  Otherwise (and
> only if "L3 link" won't do), we might set about defining something
> called a "MANET link".
> 
> 
> Regards,
> Charlie P.
> 
> _______________________________________________
> Autoconf mailing list
> Autoconf@ietf.org
> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/autoconf

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Date: Sun, 30 Nov 2008 18:13:14 -0800
From: Erik Nordmark <erik.nordmark@sun.com>
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To: "Charles E. Perkins" <charles.perkins@earthlink.net>
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Subject: Re: [Autoconf] Subnet definition
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Charles E. Perkins wrote:
> 
> Hello Erik,
> 
> One more note related to the saga of "netmask".
> 
> Erik Nordmark wrote:
>>
>> At some point in time the ifconfig command in BSD got a "netmask" 
>> subcommand. It is interesting to note that it wasn't called a 
>> "subnetmask", even though today it might be casually viewed as such. I 
>> don't have the first version of the man page for ifconfig, but this 
>> description might be fairly old:
>>          Specify  how  much  of  the  address  to
>>          reserve  for  subdividing networks into subnetworks. The
>>          mask includes the network part of the local address  and
>>          the  subnet  part, which is taken from the host field of
>>          the address.
> 
> I think there was an older definition for "netmask", because as I recall 
> it was
> possible for the netmask to specify noncontiguous bits of the address 
> space.
> Fortunately, it seemed that no sane person ever really tried to use it this
> way, and the feature was subsequently deleted.

Yes, but I don't think all support for non-contig netmasks have been 
purged from neither the standards nor the implementation. But since 
they've been removed in some places the effect of trying to use them 
would be quite unpredictable. In any case, they aren't useful.

    Erik

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From autoconf-bounces@ietf.org  Sun Nov 30 18:20:54 2008
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From: Erik Nordmark <erik.nordmark@sun.com>
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Subject: Re: [Autoconf] Why the link definition?
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Teco Boot wrote:
> Hi Eric,
> 
>>> I think it is important that IEEE and IETF agrees in how IPv6 is
>> transported
>>> over 802.11 links. I have equipment on my desk that is WiFi certified
>> but
>>> does not support IPv6. It has to do with bridging and MAC address
>> mappings.
>>> Cause could be that IPv6 is missing in IEEE 802.11-2007 tables M.2
>> and M.3
>>> (WLAN - Ethernet translation). Somebody can work out something for
>> himself,
>>> but an RFC would help making sure everything is compatible.
>> I've been assuming that RFC2484 is sufficient even though it limits its
>> scope to ISO/IEC 8802-3. The reason I think it is sufficient is that
>> 802.11 is normally bridged to 802.3 hence it better provide the same
>> service model as 802.3.
> 
> With 802.11 in infrastructure mode, I think I can agree. Although there are
> issues like MTU.

I haven't tried with the implementation of WiFi I use, but I suspect 
because of the infrastructure mode being bridged to Ethernet, that the 
device driver reports the MTU as 1500 even if I'm in ad-hoc mode.

But this would be a good thing for an IPv4/6-over-802.11 document to 
specify.

> OK, but I see two issues (at least):
>  1 - 802.1D-2004 6.3.8 Maximum Service Data Unit Size
>>>>> No attempt is made by a Bridge to relay a frame to a LAN 
>>>>> that does not support the size of Service Data Unit conveyed 
>>>>> by that frame.
> 
> Maximum Service Data Unit Size on 802.3 and 802.11 are different (1500 vs.
> 2304).
> How can we make sure IPv6 can be used on WiFi networks, without bothering
> users with all kind of MTU / MaxSDU size problems?
> We could _assume_ RFC2464's 1500 default MTU size SHOULD be used on other
> 802 networks.
> But with Dave Thaler his talk in mind, we could better specify our
> assumptions.

Yes, it would be good to have this written down.

> We could think of using a MUST here.
> 
> RA MTU option would be a method to solve problems.

Sure, but there isn't a counterpart for IPv4 and in many cases folks 
want to make IPv4 as well as IPv6 work.

> We could specify a router that has a link connected to a heterogeneous LAN
> with 802.3 and 802.11 SHOULD send MTU options with MTU 1500. 

But the router might not even know that the Ethernet is bridged to 
802.11. What we could recommend is that the administrator should 
configure such a router to send MTU options with 1500.

   Erik

>  2 - 802.1D-2004 6.5.4 Support by IEEE Std 802.11 (Wireless LANs):
>>>>> A bridge shall not connect to an IEEE 802.11 Independent BSS.
> 
> I think this is important for MANETs, a router cannot be attached to an IBSS
> WLAN bridge via an Ethernet link.
> There are methods to solve problems here, e.g. using 4-address mode (DS To
> DS: 1 From DS: 1).
> This is to be addressed in IEEE, IETF is not primary responsible.
> 
> 
> Teco.
> 
> 
> 

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