From exim@www1.ietf.org  Mon May  3 04:55:45 2004
Received: from optimus.ietf.org (optimus.ietf.org [132.151.1.19])
	by ietf.org (8.9.1a/8.9.1a) with ESMTP id EAA15260
	for <avt-archive@odin.ietf.org>; Mon, 3 May 2004 04:55:42 -0400 (EDT)
Received: from localhost.localdomain ([127.0.0.1] helo=www1.ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BKZ6w-0003SU-9R
	for avt-archive@odin.ietf.org; Mon, 03 May 2004 04:47:38 -0400
Received: (from exim@localhost)
	by www1.ietf.org (8.12.8/8.12.8/Submit) id i438lb2L013246
	for avt-archive@odin.ietf.org; Mon, 3 May 2004 04:47:38 -0400
Received: from localhost.localdomain ([127.0.0.1] helo=www1.ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BKYye-0000gQ-CV; Mon, 03 May 2004 04:39:04 -0400
Received: from odin.ietf.org ([132.151.1.176] helo=ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BKYwx-0007pa-8V
	for avt@optimus.ietf.org; Mon, 03 May 2004 04:37:19 -0400
Received: from ietf-mx (ietf-mx.ietf.org [132.151.6.1])
	by ietf.org (8.9.1a/8.9.1a) with ESMTP id EAA14273
	for <avt@ietf.org>; Mon, 3 May 2004 04:37:16 -0400 (EDT)
Received: from ietf-mx.ietf.org ([132.151.6.1] helo=ietf-mx)
	by ietf-mx with esmtp (Exim 4.32)
	id 1BKYwu-0004Eq-AI
	for avt@ietf.org; Mon, 03 May 2004 04:37:16 -0400
Received: from exim by ietf-mx with spam-scanned (Exim 4.12)
	id 1BKYt1-0003fr-00
	for avt@ietf.org; Mon, 03 May 2004 04:33:16 -0400
Received: from eagle.ericsson.se ([193.180.251.53])
	by ietf-mx with esmtp (Exim 4.12)
	id 1BKYpL-0002wy-00
	for avt@ietf.org; Mon, 03 May 2004 04:29:27 -0400
Received: from esealmw142.al.sw.ericsson.se ([153.88.254.119])
	by eagle.ericsson.se (8.12.10/8.12.10/WIREfire-1.8b) with ESMTP id i438TRAh029975
	for <avt@ietf.org>; Mon, 3 May 2004 10:29:28 +0200
Received: from esealnt610.al.sw.ericsson.se ([153.88.254.120]) by esealmw142.al.sw.ericsson.se with Microsoft SMTPSVC(6.0.3790.0);
	 Mon, 3 May 2004 10:29:27 +0200
Received: by esealnt610.al.sw.ericsson.se with Internet Mail Service (5.5.2657.72)
	id <K1KKZ7NF>; Mon, 3 May 2004 10:29:31 +0200
Message-ID: <1F55F6582266314A85A55F6241509B670BA8F44E@Esealnt863.al.sw.ericsson.se>
From: "Karl Norrman (KI/EAB)" <karl.norrman@ericsson.com>
To: "'Mark Baugher'" <mbaugher@cisco.com>
Cc: msec@securemulticast.org, avt@ietf.org
Subject: RE: [AVT] reference implementation of MIKEY and SRTP
Date: Mon, 3 May 2004 10:23:29 +0200 
MIME-Version: 1.0
X-Mailer: Internet Mail Service (5.5.2657.72)
Content-Type: text/plain;
	charset="iso-8859-1"
X-OriginalArrivalTime: 03 May 2004 08:29:27.0832 (UTC) FILETIME=[BF9A4180:01C430E8]
X-Spam-Checker-Version: SpamAssassin 2.60 (1.212-2003-09-23-exp) on 
	ietf-mx.ietf.org
X-Spam-Status: No, hits=0.0 required=5.0 tests=none autolearn=no version=2.60
Sender: avt-admin@ietf.org
Errors-To: avt-admin@ietf.org
X-BeenThere: avt@ietf.org
X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.12
Precedence: bulk
List-Unsubscribe: <https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt>,
	<mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=unsubscribe>
List-Id: Audio/Video Transport Working Group <avt.ietf.org>
List-Post: <mailto:avt@ietf.org>
List-Help: <mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=help>
List-Subscribe: <https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt>,
	<mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=subscribe>

Hello,

no, it is not implemented. The SRTP RFC only supports one 
alternative (and we have not implemented FEC or even complete
RTP, i.e., the implementation only covers the "SRTP-layer").

When it comes to the MIKEY implementation, there is also here
only support for one SRTP/FEC-order (as specified in the latest
draft).

Regards,
Karl

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Mark Baugher [mailto:mbaugher@cisco.com]
> Sent: den 30 april 2004 18:46
> To: Karl Norrman (KI/EAB)
> Cc: msec@securemulticast.org; avt@ietf.org
> Subject: Re: [AVT] reference implementation of MIKEY and SRTP
> 
> 
> hi Karl,
>    Does this implement FEC-SPLIT?  If so, how does it do it?
> 
> thanks, Mark
> At 05:33 AM 4/30/2004, Karl Norrman (KI/EAB) wrote:
> 
> >Hello,
> >
> >FYI, a reference implementation of the MIKEY and SRTP protocols
> >is now available at http://standards.ericsson.net/fli/
> >under a testing license.
> >
> >The implementation is written in C and should compile on most UNIXish
> >platforms.
> >
> >/Karl
> >
> >_______________________________________________
> >Audio/Video Transport Working Group
> >avt@ietf.org
> >https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt
> 
> 

_______________________________________________
Audio/Video Transport Working Group
avt@ietf.org
https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt



From exim@www1.ietf.org  Mon May  3 11:36:00 2004
Received: from optimus.ietf.org (www.iesg.org [132.151.1.19])
	by ietf.org (8.9.1a/8.9.1a) with ESMTP id LAA08413
	for <avt-archive@odin.ietf.org>; Mon, 3 May 2004 11:36:00 -0400 (EDT)
Received: from localhost.localdomain ([127.0.0.1] helo=www1.ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BKfOe-0007My-Go
	for avt-archive@odin.ietf.org; Mon, 03 May 2004 11:30:21 -0400
Received: (from exim@localhost)
	by www1.ietf.org (8.12.8/8.12.8/Submit) id i43FUKg5028329
	for avt-archive@odin.ietf.org; Mon, 3 May 2004 11:30:20 -0400
Received: from localhost.localdomain ([127.0.0.1] helo=www1.ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BKfEg-0000Cv-3C; Mon, 03 May 2004 11:20:02 -0400
Received: from odin.ietf.org ([132.151.1.176] helo=ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BKf8e-0007BK-Qu
	for avt@optimus.ietf.org; Mon, 03 May 2004 11:13:48 -0400
Received: from ietf-mx (ietf-mx.ietf.org [132.151.6.1])
	by ietf.org (8.9.1a/8.9.1a) with ESMTP id LAA07461
	for <avt@ietf.org>; Mon, 3 May 2004 11:13:46 -0400 (EDT)
Received: from ietf-mx.ietf.org ([132.151.6.1] helo=ietf-mx)
	by ietf-mx with esmtp (Exim 4.32)
	id 1BKf8d-00002H-RR
	for avt@ietf.org; Mon, 03 May 2004 11:13:47 -0400
Received: from exim by ietf-mx with spam-scanned (Exim 4.12)
	id 1BKf7d-0007jg-00
	for avt@ietf.org; Mon, 03 May 2004 11:12:46 -0400
Received: from dundee.dcs.gla.ac.uk ([130.209.242.163])
	by ietf-mx with esmtp (Exim 4.12)
	id 1BKf6h-0007aY-00
	for avt@ietf.org; Mon, 03 May 2004 11:11:47 -0400
Received: from csperkins-dsl.demon.co.uk ([80.176.225.173]:63819 helo=[192.168.0.3])
	by dundee.dcs.gla.ac.uk with asmtp (TLSv1:RC4-MD5:128)
	(Exim 4.04)
	id 1BKf6C-0003Fn-00; Mon, 03 May 2004 16:11:17 +0100
From: Colin Perkins <csp@csperkins.org>
Organization: http://csperkins.org
To: avt@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [AVT] I-D ACTION:draft-ietf-avt-rtp-h264-05.txt
Date: Mon, 3 May 2004 16:11:14 +0100
User-Agent: KMail/1.6.2
Cc: Magnus Westerlund <magnus.westerlund@ericsson.com>
References: <OF440DFE48.A3490584-ONC1256E83.0028BFEC-C1256E83.00403EE3@diamond.philips.com> <409271D3.3000703@ericsson.com>
In-Reply-To: <409271D3.3000703@ericsson.com>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Disposition: inline
Content-Type: text/plain;
  charset="iso-8859-1"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Message-Id: <200405031611.14535.csp@csperkins.org>
X-Spam-Checker-Version: SpamAssassin 2.60 (1.212-2003-09-23-exp) on 
	ietf-mx.ietf.org
X-Spam-Status: No, hits=0.0 required=5.0 tests=AWL autolearn=no version=2.60
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Sender: avt-admin@ietf.org
Errors-To: avt-admin@ietf.org
X-BeenThere: avt@ietf.org
X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.12
Precedence: bulk
List-Unsubscribe: <https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt>,
	<mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=unsubscribe>
List-Id: Audio/Video Transport Working Group <avt.ietf.org>
List-Post: <mailto:avt@ietf.org>
List-Help: <mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=help>
List-Subscribe: <https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt>,
	<mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=subscribe>
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit

On Friday 30 April 2004 16:33, Magnus Westerlund wrote:
...
> If more people has comments they are appreciated if they can be sent no
> later than monday. I will try to do a update in the beginning of the
> next week, and submit that as soon as possible.

I have a few comments:

 - In Section 3, I agree with the likely initial applications of the 
   payload format. I would suggest adding text to note that the format
   is not limited to these applications, however.

 - The last paragraph of Section 5.1 mentions that the RTCP jitter
   statistic is not trustworthy. It would be more accurate to say
   that the RTCP jitter is not a trustworthy indication of network
   performance.

 - Table 1 should make explicit reference to NAL unit types 0, 30 and 31, 
   even if just to indicate that they are undefined.

 - A number of places talk about "optional" MIME parameters, but would be
   better using the RFC 2119 "OPTIONAL" language. For example:
    - Section 5.4, last paragraph on page 14
    - Section 5.5, second paragraph
    - Section 6.1, second paragraph on page 28
    - Section 6.2, first paragraph
    - Section 6.3
    - Section 6.4
    - Section 7.2
    - Section 8.2.1, 4th bullet point

 - In Section 5.4 (last paragraph on page 14) it states that `"No" in the
   "type 1-23" row indicates that an RTP payload cannot contain a single
   NAL unit whose type is in the range of 1-23, inclusive'. Please clarify
   what this refers to.

 - Section 5.5, second paragraph, is unclear what is done if the MIME
   parameter is not present.

 - The last paragraph of Section 5.7 mentions that Section 5.7.1 and 5.7.2
   define the three different types of aggregation unit. Should this be the
   four different types?

 - In Section 5.7.1, I would recommend moving the paragraph starting "The
   DON field specifies the value of the DON for the first NAL unit in an
   STAP-B...." to be immediately after Figure 5.

 - In Section 5.7.1, could an example of an STAP-A packet be provided?

 - In Section 5.7.2, is it correct that the DOND field is unsigned?

 - In Section 5.7.2, you might consider splitting the long paragraph on
   page 22, perhaps starting new paragraphs with "The structure of the
   multi-time aggregation units..." and "The timestamp offset field MUST
   be set..."

   If this was done, I would also move the contents last paragraph on page
   21 to the end of the first on page 22 (immediately after "...whereby n 
   can be 16 or 24").

 - In Section 5.7.2, an example of an MTAP24 would be valuable

 - In Section 5.8, the penultimate paragraph mentions that "A FU payload
   MAY have any number of octets and MAY be empty". Can you clarify when
   an FU payload may be empty, and why that is useful?

 - Section 6.1, second bullet point on page 28, should be clear that NAL
   units are duplicated in the application, not be generating duplicate
   RTP packets. Similarly, the discussion of gateway devices later in the
   Section should explain how the gateway aggregates/deaggregates NAL units
   without breaking RTP when gatewaying between IP networks with different
   MTU size (it will be an RTP translator, and will need to rewrite RTCP)

 - It may be appropriate to move Section 7 to be an appendix?

 - In Section 7.2, it's unclear where the 4th paragraph fits?

 - In Section 8.1, please clarify how the "max-dpb" parameter relates to
   the jitter buffer size, if at all? Similar for the deint-buf-req, 
   deint-buf-cap and int-buf-time parameters (this is mentioned at the
   end of page 40, but this is not obviously related to the earlier 
   definitions). 

 - In Section 8.1, please clarify how the "max-br" parameter relates to
   congestion control, if at all?

 - In the encoding considerations for the MIME type, may wish to note that
   file formats are defined elsewhere?

 - Section 8.2.2, first bullet point on page 44, suggest clarifying that
   "...the answerer must either maintain all configuration parameters or
   remove the media format..." is a MUST?

 - Section 8.2.2, second bullet point on page 44, similarly suggest that
   "The offerer must assume that the answerer supports the same
   configuration and basic capabilities that it is offering" should be a
   MUST?

 - Section 8.2.2, second bullet point on page 44: this is different from
   normal offer/answer usage. Do you have buy-in from the SIP community?

 - Is there any need to discuss use with RTSP in Section 8.2.2 or 8.2.3?

 - The draft needs to discuss congestion control, either within Security
   Considerations, or as a separate section.

Finally, the document could do with careful proof-reading for spelling and 
grammar mistakes.

Colin

_______________________________________________
Audio/Video Transport Working Group
avt@ietf.org
https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt



From exim@www1.ietf.org  Tue May  4 15:44:11 2004
Received: from optimus.ietf.org (www.iesg.org [132.151.1.19])
	by ietf.org (8.9.1a/8.9.1a) with ESMTP id PAA24855
	for <avt-archive@odin.ietf.org>; Tue, 4 May 2004 15:44:11 -0400 (EDT)
Received: from localhost.localdomain ([127.0.0.1] helo=www1.ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BL5o8-0002E2-Nc
	for avt-archive@odin.ietf.org; Tue, 04 May 2004 15:42:27 -0400
Received: (from exim@localhost)
	by www1.ietf.org (8.12.8/8.12.8/Submit) id i44JgOe7008554
	for avt-archive@odin.ietf.org; Tue, 4 May 2004 15:42:24 -0400
Received: from localhost.localdomain ([127.0.0.1] helo=www1.ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BL5h3-0000V7-Fb; Tue, 04 May 2004 15:35:05 -0400
Received: from odin.ietf.org ([132.151.1.176] helo=ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BL5ew-0008En-SC
	for avt@optimus.ietf.org; Tue, 04 May 2004 15:32:55 -0400
Received: from ietf-mx (ietf-mx.ietf.org [132.151.6.1])
	by ietf.org (8.9.1a/8.9.1a) with ESMTP id PAA24411
	for <avt@ietf.org>; Tue, 4 May 2004 15:32:52 -0400 (EDT)
Received: from ietf-mx.ietf.org ([132.151.6.1] helo=ietf-mx)
	by ietf-mx with esmtp (Exim 4.32)
	id 1BL5ev-0004fA-DH
	for avt@ietf.org; Tue, 04 May 2004 15:32:53 -0400
Received: from exim by ietf-mx with spam-scanned (Exim 4.12)
	id 1BL5dz-0004Z2-00
	for avt@ietf.org; Tue, 04 May 2004 15:31:56 -0400
Received: from av3-2-sn4.m-sp.skanova.net ([81.228.10.113])
	by ietf-mx with esmtp (Exim 4.12)
	id 1BL5dg-0004S0-00
	for avt@ietf.org; Tue, 04 May 2004 15:31:36 -0400
Received: by av3-2-sn4.m-sp.skanova.net (Postfix, from userid 502)
	id 23E4C37EF6; Tue,  4 May 2004 21:31:05 +0200 (CEST)
Received: from smtp2-2-sn4.m-sp.skanova.net (smtp2-2-sn4.m-sp.skanova.net [81.228.10.182])
	by av3-2-sn4.m-sp.skanova.net (Postfix) with ESMTP
	id 1187537E4F; Tue,  4 May 2004 21:31:05 +0200 (CEST)
Received: from vit (h53n2fls31o265.telia.com [217.208.189.53])
	by smtp2-2-sn4.m-sp.skanova.net (Postfix) with SMTP
	id B0F3837E47; Tue,  4 May 2004 21:31:04 +0200 (CEST)
From: "Gunnar Hellstrom" <gunnar.hellstrom@omnitor.se>
To: "avt IETF" <avt@ietf.org>, "Mundra, Satish" <smundra@telogy.com>
Cc: "Paul Jones(Packetizer)" <paulej@packetizer.com>
Subject: RE: [avt]  Comments/questions on draft-ietf-avt-rfc2793bis-03/04
Date: Tue, 4 May 2004 21:31:02 +0200
Message-ID: <BHEHLFPKIPMLPFNFAHJKGEHCEGAA.gunnar.hellstrom@omnitor.se>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain;
	charset="iso-8859-1"
X-Priority: 3 (Normal)
X-MSMail-Priority: Normal
X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook IMO, Build 9.0.2416 (9.0.2910.0)
X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1409
In-Reply-To: <A03FFB626FA02D4A9C68DBA5B228AF1E09586C@gtmentos.telogy.design.ti.com>
Importance: Normal
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
X-Spam-Checker-Version: SpamAssassin 2.60 (1.212-2003-09-23-exp) on 
	ietf-mx.ietf.org
X-Spam-Status: No, hits=0.1 required=5.0 tests=AWL autolearn=no version=2.60
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
Sender: avt-admin@ietf.org
Errors-To: avt-admin@ietf.org
X-BeenThere: avt@ietf.org
X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.12
Precedence: bulk
List-Unsubscribe: <https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt>,
	<mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=unsubscribe>
List-Id: Audio/Video Transport Working Group <avt.ietf.org>
List-Post: <mailto:avt@ietf.org>
List-Help: <mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=help>
List-Subscribe: <https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt>,
	<mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=subscribe>
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable

Satish,
Thanks for reminding about questions you sent some time ago about the
rfc2793bis-03

Please see my comments inline. I have indicated where in the -04 version
that the sections have moved that you refer to.




> -----Original Message-----
> From: Mundra, Satish [mailto:smundra@telogy.com]
> Sent: Monday, March 29, 2004 2:24 AM
> To: 'Gunnar Hellstrom'; avt IETF
> Subject: RE: [avt] Comments/questions on
> draft-ietf-avt-rfc2793bis-03.txt
>
>
>
> Gunnar/Paul,
>
> Here are some comments/questions on the draft :
>
> 1. In section 3.2 : "The T140block counter MUST be initialized
> to zero the
> first time
> that a packet containing...."
>
> Initializing this counter to zero will make it weaker against encryptio=
n
> attacks when RTP payload is encrypted.
This is still in 3.2

There are also other fields that are easy to derive. This is no worse. We
want to check missing text from first character if it arrives. This was o=
ne
feasible way to achieve that goal.

>
> 2. Section 3.7 states "M-bit: The M-bit has no defined meaning
> for t140 text
> streams and MUST be set to 0."
>
> For audio/t140 this should be set on the first packet of the text-spurt
> (start of t140 payload after a period of silence ) as recommended in
> RTP/AVT.  Why audio/t140 should be treated any different from other aud=
io
> encoding methods ?
This is now in sec 3.6

There is no reliability in the M-bit. Therefore it does not add any value
to use it.

>
> 3. Section 3.9 states:  "- Each redundant data block MUST
> contain the same
> data as a T140block previously transmitted as primary data, and be
> identified with a timestamp offset
> equating to the original timestamp for that T140block."
>
> This conflicts with Section 3.8  sates "Redundant data older than 16383
> divided by the clock frequency MUST NOT be transmitted."
This is now in sec 4.2 and 4.1

It means "what you put in a redundant data block MUST have been transmitt=
ed
before as primary and the timestamp of the primary MUST be possible to
calculate from the offset in the redundant one." I think it is clear and
suggest no change.

>
> 4a. Section 4.5 states "When using the text/t140 payload format, any
> zero-length T140blocks
> that are sent as primary data MUST be included as redundant T140blocks =
on
> subsequent packets just as normal text T140blocks would be so
> that sequence
> number inference for the redundant T140blocks will be correct,
> as explained
> in section 3.9.
>
> It not clear if the MUST is only applicable if one continues to transmi=
t
> payload RED.
> I would assume that one could switch to t140 payload for the first pack=
et
> after the "silence period". A clarification text regarding
> switching to t140
> payload, if permitted, would be
> helpful.
This is now in 4.2.

If a T140 block has been sent the number of times intended ( primary and =
a
configured number of redundant ), it shall not be sent again.
When there is no new text input, redundant transmissions will take place =
at
the buffering time interval ( 300 ms recommended ) until all t140blocks
have been transmitted as redundant data the planned number of times. Not
until then transmission stops.

After a pause, there is no old text to transmit. So both if you send next
packet as text/t.140 or as text/red, it would only contain the new data. =
I
suggest that you stay with the text/red format. All procedures with
redundancy will work in both cases.

I agree that a clarification that both are permitted could be helpful.

>
> 4b.  Section 4.5 states "When using the audio/t140 payload format,
> zero-length T140blocks sent as primary data MUST NOT be included as
> redundant T140blocks, as it would simply be a waste of bandwidth to sen=
d
> them."
>
> With limitation on transmitting the older data (2 seconds) or
> when only one
> level of redundancy is used one would frequently see packets
> that contain no
> redundant data but
> 2198 primary encoding block header of with F-bit set to 0.
>
> Recommending a switch to regular t140 payload after "silence period" or
> zero-length T140block transmission would save additional bandwidth whic=
h
> seems to be the motivation.

This is now in section 5.4, and the MUST NOT is changed to a SHOULD NOT,
because it does no other harm than consume bits.

It might be helpful if we added a comment that it is allowed to use
audio/t140 when there is only primary data to transmit.

>
>
> 5. Reading of Section 3.8/3.9/4.5 suggests that "RFC2198 -RTP Payload f=
or
> Redundant Audio Data" which is suitable for audio data requires
> additional
> rules/restrictions for text
> data where sequence numbers instead of relative timestamps are
> of interest.
> IMO, a new RTP payload format for redundant text data should be specifi=
ed
> where the redundancy header includes the "RTP sequence number offset"
> instead of the timestamp offset. This would simplify the redundancy
> mechanism for text where the goal is to infer the sequence number
> correctly and not the timestamp.

This is now in sec 4.3.

Agreed that it could be done, but we wanted to keep things simple use RFC
2198 as it was.
If we created another redundancy mechanism, it would just be another
barrier
for people to cross in order to implement RFC 2793bis.

>
>
> 6. The last figure in section 6.3 has the F-bit in the last redundancy
> header block as "1".
> It should be "0".
This is now in section 7.2.

Thanks for spotting that.

>
> Also the figures showing T140block counter seem to convey impression th=
at
> the t140block counter is not included in "block length" or is part of
> redundancy header. Some clarification in the figures would be helpful.

Yes, I see the risk. A clear indication that the length includes the
counter would be in place.

>
>
> 7. The benefits of introducing T140block counter are not clear.  This
> counter is not a character counter which probably could help identifyin=
g
> exact number of characters lost.

Having a character counter would not give much more information.
Transmissions in T.140 may consist of displayable text, it may be edits (
e.g. "erase last character" ), it may be combinable characters that
influence the adjacent character, it may be a beep, and it may be control
codes for change of character rendition. So, an exact number of indicator=
s
would not mean anything else than the current situation with one marker
character per missing packet.


> One can detect loss/duplicate packets using the RTP sequence
> numbers/timestamps. During a text-spurt transmission both RTP sequence
> numbers and T140block counters would be in sync.
> If one could identify the first packet of text-spurt with marker bit th=
en
> receiver would not be confused regarding loss, although the detection o=
f
> loss of the last packet in a spurt could still be difficult depending o=
n
> what follows. You have noted that event with T140block counter
> the loss of
> the last packet of a sequence of packets cannot be detected
> until the next
> text packet is transmitted. Why, it's not desirable to specify
> appropriate
> M-bit behavior instead of an additional 2byte counter in every packet ?

The M-bit can not be relied upon, because the M-bit is transmitted once
only. If that packet is lost, you lost the indicator.




>
>
> Regards,
>
> Satish Mundra
> Telogy Networks
> 20450 Century Blvd.
> Germantown, Md. 20874
>
>
>
> _______________________________________________
> Audio/Video Transport Working Group
> avt@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt
>


Regards

Gunnar

-------------------------------------------
Gunnar Hellstr=F6m
Omnitor AB
Renathv=E4gen 2
SE 121 37 Johanneshov
SWEDEN
+46 8 556 002 03
Mob: +46 708 204 288
www.omnitor.se
Gunnar.Hellstrom@Omnitor.se
--------------------------------------------




_______________________________________________
Audio/Video Transport Working Group
avt@ietf.org
https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt



From exim@www1.ietf.org  Wed May  5 15:32:11 2004
Received: from optimus.ietf.org (iesg.org [132.151.1.19])
	by ietf.org (8.9.1a/8.9.1a) with ESMTP id PAA07067
	for <avt-archive@odin.ietf.org>; Wed, 5 May 2004 15:32:10 -0400 (EDT)
Received: from localhost.localdomain ([127.0.0.1] helo=www1.ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BLRtF-0008Kc-LX
	for avt-archive@odin.ietf.org; Wed, 05 May 2004 15:17:09 -0400
Received: (from exim@localhost)
	by www1.ietf.org (8.12.8/8.12.8/Submit) id i45JH9I4032026
	for avt-archive@odin.ietf.org; Wed, 5 May 2004 15:17:09 -0400
Received: from localhost.localdomain ([127.0.0.1] helo=www1.ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BLRpD-0005Zw-LY; Wed, 05 May 2004 15:12:59 -0400
Received: from odin.ietf.org ([132.151.1.176] helo=ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BLIv4-0007c2-5M
	for avt@optimus.ietf.org; Wed, 05 May 2004 05:42:26 -0400
Received: from ietf-mx (ietf-mx.ietf.org [132.151.6.1])
	by ietf.org (8.9.1a/8.9.1a) with ESMTP id FAA02771
	for <avt@ietf.org>; Wed, 5 May 2004 05:42:22 -0400 (EDT)
Received: from ietf-mx.ietf.org ([132.151.6.1] helo=ietf-mx)
	by ietf-mx with esmtp (Exim 4.32)
	id 1BLIv0-0006EN-Lx
	for avt@ietf.org; Wed, 05 May 2004 05:42:22 -0400
Received: from exim by ietf-mx with spam-scanned (Exim 4.12)
	id 1BLIu1-00062J-00
	for avt@ietf.org; Wed, 05 May 2004 05:41:21 -0400
Received: from smtp6.clb.oleane.net ([213.56.31.26])
	by ietf-mx with esmtp (Exim 4.12)
	id 1BLIsz-0005fK-00
	for avt@ietf.org; Wed, 05 May 2004 05:40:17 -0400
Received: from Pavillonquatre ([194.206.151.59]) 
	by smtp6.clb.oleane.net with ESMTP id i459dm1l008886
	for <avt@ietf.org>; Wed, 5 May 2004 11:39:48 +0200
Message-Id: <200405050939.i459dm1l008886@smtp6.clb.oleane.net>
From: "Peter Lewis" <peter.lewis@upperside.fr>
To: <avt@ietf.org>
Date: Wed, 5 May 2004 11:39:46 +0200
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: multipart/alternative;
	boundary="----=_NextPart_000_0034_01C43295.AB0FECC0"
X-Mailer: Microsoft Office Outlook, Build 11.0.5510
Thread-Index: AcQyhObwCVgaW076RjGB+WJk91NtSw==
X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1409
X-Spam-Checker-Version: SpamAssassin 2.60 (1.212-2003-09-23-exp) on 
	ietf-mx.ietf.org
X-Spam-Status: No, hits=0.5 required=5.0 tests=AWL,HTML_70_80,
	HTML_FONTCOLOR_RED,HTML_FONTCOLOR_UNSAFE,HTML_MESSAGE,
	MISSING_OUTLOOK_NAME autolearn=no version=2.60
Subject: [AVT] TVoDSL 2005: Broadcasting TV content over ADSL
Sender: avt-admin@ietf.org
Errors-To: avt-admin@ietf.org
X-BeenThere: avt@ietf.org
X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.12
Precedence: bulk
List-Unsubscribe: <https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt>,
	<mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=unsubscribe>
List-Id: Audio/Video Transport Working Group <avt.ietf.org>
List-Post: <mailto:avt@ietf.org>
List-Help: <mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=help>
List-Subscribe: <https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt>,
	<mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=subscribe>

This is a multi-part message in MIME format.

------=_NextPart_000_0034_01C43295.AB0FECC0
Content-Type: text/plain;
	charset="us-ascii"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit

TVoDSL 2005: Broadcasting TV content over ADSL

Home networks, middleware, access networks and compression tools: all the
TVoDSL technical issues will be addressed in detail by the major
manufacturing, economic and regulatory players in this promising new market
at the TVoDSL Conference, to take place in Paris on January 25 to 28, 2005. 

The organizers expect more than 600 participants and 40 exhibitors at the
Triple Play Showcase. 

 

The call for proposals dead line has been extended to May 28

 

Get all details at:

 <http://www.upperside.fr/tvodsl2005/tvodsl2005cfp.htm>
http://www.upperside.fr/tvodsl2005/tvodsl2005cfp

 

 

 


------=_NextPart_000_0034_01C43295.AB0FECC0
Content-Type: text/html;
	charset="us-ascii"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable

<html xmlns:o=3D"urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" =
xmlns:w=3D"urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:word" =
xmlns:st1=3D"urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" =
xmlns=3D"http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40">

<head>
<META HTTP-EQUIV=3D"Content-Type" CONTENT=3D"text/html; =
charset=3Dus-ascii">
<meta name=3DGenerator content=3D"Microsoft Word 11 (filtered medium)">
<o:SmartTagType =
namespaceuri=3D"urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags"
 name=3D"City"/>
<o:SmartTagType =
namespaceuri=3D"urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags"
 name=3D"place"/>
<!--[if !mso]>
<style>
st1\:*{behavior:url(#default#ieooui) }
</style>
<![endif]-->
<style>
<!--
 /* Style Definitions */
 p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal
	{margin:0cm;
	margin-bottom:.0001pt;
	font-size:12.0pt;
	font-family:"Times New Roman";}
a:link, span.MsoHyperlink
	{color:blue;
	text-decoration:underline;}
a:visited, span.MsoHyperlinkFollowed
	{color:purple;
	text-decoration:underline;}
span.EmailStyle17
	{mso-style-type:personal-compose;
	font-family:Arial;
	color:windowtext;}
@page Section1
	{size:595.3pt 841.9pt;
	margin:70.85pt 70.85pt 70.85pt 70.85pt;}
div.Section1
	{page:Section1;}
-->
</style>

</head>

<body lang=3DFR link=3Dblue vlink=3Dpurple>

<div class=3DSection1>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><strong><b><font size=3D2 color=3D"#ec7000" =
face=3DArial><span
lang=3DEN-GB =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:#EC7000'>TVoDSL 2005:
Broadcasting TV content over ADS</span></font></b></strong><span
class=3Dtitrepapierstyle29><b><font size=3D2 color=3D"#ec7000" =
face=3DArial><span
lang=3DEN-GB =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:#EC7000;font-weight:
bold'>L</span></font></b></span><font size=3D2 color=3D"#ec7000" =
face=3DArial><span
lang=3DEN-GB =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:#EC7000'><br>
</span></font><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span lang=3DEN-GB =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Arial'><br>
Home networks, middleware, access networks and compression tools: all =
the
TVoDSL technical issues will be addressed in detail by <span =
class=3Dtextebold>the
major manufacturing, economic and regulatory players</span> in this =
promising
new market at the TVoDSL Conference, to take place in <st1:place =
w:st=3D"on"><st1:City
 w:st=3D"on">Paris</st1:City></st1:place> on January 25 to 28, 2005. =
<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span lang=3DEN-GB =
style=3D'font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial'>The organizers expect more than 600 =
participants and
40 exhibitors at the Triple Play Showcase. <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span lang=3DEN-GB =
style=3D'font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial'>&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span lang=3DEN-GB =
style=3D'font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial'>The call for proposals dead line has been =
extended to
May 28<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span lang=3DEN-GB =
style=3D'font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial'>&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span lang=3DEN-GB =
style=3D'font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial'>Get all details =
at:<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Arial'><a
href=3D"http://www.upperside.fr/tvodsl2005/tvodsl2005cfp.htm"
title=3D"http://www.upperside.fr/tvodsl2005/tvodsl2005cfp.htm"><span =
lang=3DEN-GB>http://www.upperside.fr/tvodsl2005/tvodsl2005cfp</span></a><=
/span></font><font
size=3D2 face=3DArial><span lang=3DEN-GB =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p=
>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span lang=3DEN-GB =
style=3D'font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3D"Times New Roman"><span =
lang=3DEN-GB
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D3 face=3D"Times New Roman"><span =
lang=3DEN-GB
style=3D'font-size:12.0pt'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></font></p>

</div>

</body>

</html>

------=_NextPart_000_0034_01C43295.AB0FECC0--


_______________________________________________
Audio/Video Transport Working Group
avt@ietf.org
https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt



From exim@www1.ietf.org  Wed May  5 15:32:15 2004
Received: from optimus.ietf.org (iesg.org [132.151.1.19])
	by ietf.org (8.9.1a/8.9.1a) with ESMTP id PAA07085
	for <avt-archive@odin.ietf.org>; Wed, 5 May 2004 15:32:15 -0400 (EDT)
Received: from localhost.localdomain ([127.0.0.1] helo=www1.ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BLRxC-0002OB-Lq
	for avt-archive@odin.ietf.org; Wed, 05 May 2004 15:21:15 -0400
Received: (from exim@localhost)
	by www1.ietf.org (8.12.8/8.12.8/Submit) id i45JLEt1009168
	for avt-archive@odin.ietf.org; Wed, 5 May 2004 15:21:14 -0400
Received: from localhost.localdomain ([127.0.0.1] helo=www1.ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BLRpE-0005a6-Jw; Wed, 05 May 2004 15:13:00 -0400
Received: from odin.ietf.org ([132.151.1.176] helo=ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BLQin-0008TG-1o
	for avt@optimus.ietf.org; Wed, 05 May 2004 14:02:17 -0400
Received: from ietf-mx (ietf-mx.ietf.org [132.151.6.1])
	by ietf.org (8.9.1a/8.9.1a) with ESMTP id OAA00643
	for <avt@ietf.org>; Wed, 5 May 2004 14:02:14 -0400 (EDT)
From: sassan.ahmadi@nokia.com
Received: from ietf-mx.ietf.org ([132.151.6.1] helo=ietf-mx)
	by ietf-mx with esmtp (Exim 4.32)
	id 1BLQik-0003U8-3i
	for avt@ietf.org; Wed, 05 May 2004 14:02:14 -0400
Received: from exim by ietf-mx with spam-scanned (Exim 4.12)
	id 1BLQhG-000347-00
	for avt@ietf.org; Wed, 05 May 2004 14:00:49 -0400
Received: from mgw-x1.nokia.com ([131.228.20.21])
	by ietf-mx with esmtp (Exim 4.12)
	id 1BLQet-0002LR-00
	for avt@ietf.org; Wed, 05 May 2004 13:58:16 -0400
Received: from esdks004.ntc.nokia.com (esdks004.ntc.nokia.com [172.21.138.159])
	by mgw-x1.nokia.com (Switch-2.2.8/Switch-2.2.8) with ESMTP id i45Hw6B27893;
	Wed, 5 May 2004 20:58:06 +0300 (EET DST)
X-Scanned: Wed, 5 May 2004 20:58:04 +0300 Nokia Message Protector V1.3.30 2004040916 - RELEASE
Received: (from root@localhost)
	by esdks004.ntc.nokia.com (8.12.9/8.12.9) id i45Hw4Hg016495;
	Wed, 5 May 2004 20:58:04 +0300
Received: from mgw-int1.ntc.nokia.com (172.21.143.96)
	by esdks004.ntc.nokia.com 00upGVWL; Wed, 05 May 2004 20:58:01 EEST
Received: from daebh001.NOE.Nokia.com (daebh001.americas.nokia.com [10.241.35.121])
	by mgw-int1.ntc.nokia.com (Switch-2.2.8/Switch-2.2.8) with ESMTP id i45HvsH11076;
	Wed, 5 May 2004 20:57:54 +0300 (EET DST)
Received: from sdebe002.NOE.Nokia.com ([172.19.201.138]) by daebh001.NOE.Nokia.com with Microsoft SMTPSVC(5.0.2195.6881);
	 Wed, 5 May 2004 12:57:52 -0500
x-mimeole: Produced By Microsoft Exchange V6.0.6487.1
content-class: urn:content-classes:message
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: multipart/mixed;
	boundary="----_=_NextPart_001_01C432CA.7B0CC0F4"
Date: Wed, 5 May 2004 10:57:50 -0700
Message-ID: <0B08EA1BF5F6304992CDC985EE02209E02342986@sdebe002.americas.nokia.com>
X-MS-Has-Attach: yes
Thread-Topic: Comments on draft-ahmadi-avt-rtp-vmr-wb-00.txt
thread-index: AcOdfWVZZfVPhwYHS1GccvBkU7z1CyQtciNg
X-Priority: 1
Priority: Urgent
importance: high
To: <magnus.westerlund@ericsson.com>, <csp@csperkins.org>
Cc: <avt@ietf.org>, <sassan.ahmadi@nokia.com>
X-OriginalArrivalTime: 05 May 2004 17:57:52.0070 (UTC) FILETIME=[7C237E60:01C432CA]
X-Spam-Checker-Version: SpamAssassin 2.60 (1.212-2003-09-23-exp) on 
	ietf-mx.ietf.org
X-Spam-Status: No, hits=1.7 required=5.0 tests=AWL,NO_REAL_NAME,
	PRIORITY_NO_NAME,X_PRIORITY_HIGH autolearn=no version=2.60
Subject: [AVT] draft-ahmadi-avt-rtp-vmr-wb-01.txt
Sender: avt-admin@ietf.org
Errors-To: avt-admin@ietf.org
X-BeenThere: avt@ietf.org
X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.12
Precedence: bulk
List-Unsubscribe: <https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt>,
	<mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=unsubscribe>
List-Id: Audio/Video Transport Working Group <avt.ietf.org>
List-Post: <mailto:avt@ietf.org>
List-Help: <mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=help>
List-Subscribe: <https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt>,
	<mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=subscribe>

This is a multi-part message in MIME format.

------_=_NextPart_001_01C432CA.7B0CC0F4
Content-Type: text/plain;
	charset="iso-8859-1"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable

Dear Colin and Magnus,

I am sorry that it took me a long time to respond to your comments and =
provide a revision of the Internet Draft for VMR-WB RTP payload and =
Storage formats.

My delay was partially due to the fact that I was waiting for the VMR-WB =
specification to be finalized and published in 3GPP2/TIA. Now VMR-WB =
specification is complete and is scheduled for publication by 3GPP2 in =
June 2004. The source code has been made available to 3GPP2 membership =
since March 1, 2004 and will be published as part of the minimum =
performance specification in September 2004 for public access (see =
ftp://ftp.3gpp2.org/V&V/C.P0052-0_v0.2_VMR-WB_V&V_Text.zip for more =
information)

In the revised draft I have addressed all of your comments and concerns =
about the original draft. Major changes include

1- All comments from AVT chairs are addressed.
2- A header-free payload format has been added (just like RFC 3558)
3- Bandwidth-efficient mode is eliminated.
4- By some changes in Tables 2 and 3 in Section 6, the interworking =
function is completely =20
   eliminated.
5- The size of MIME parameter set has been reduced. The extra MIME =
parameters have been=20
   removed.
6- CDMA system issues have been removed from the document.
7- Signaling conflicts with AMR-WB have all been resolved both in the =
payload and the=20
   storage formats.

Attached please find a PowerPoint presentation comprising highlights of =
the revised Internet Draft. Also please find the draft as well as =
detailed response to Magnus' comments.

Considering the improvements and corrections that have been made in the =
revised draft, I would like to kindly ask IETF/AVT group to accept this =
Internet Draft as an AVT group work item now.

I also kindly ask you to provide your feedback and comments to complete =
and finalize a RFC for VMR-WB.

Thanks in advance.

-Sassan Ahmadi, Ph.D.
 Nokia Inc. USA


------_=_NextPart_001_01C432CA.7B0CC0F4
Content-Type: text/plain;
	name="draft-ahmadi-avt-rtp-vmr-wb-01.txt"
Content-Description: draft-ahmadi-avt-rtp-vmr-wb-01.txt
Content-Disposition: attachment;
	filename="draft-ahmadi-avt-rtp-vmr-wb-01.txt"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64
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------_=_NextPart_001_01C432CA.7B0CC0F4
Content-Type: application/vnd.ms-powerpoint;
	name="IETF-April04.ppt"
Content-Description: IETF-April04.ppt
Content-Disposition: attachment;
	filename="IETF-April04.ppt"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64

0M8R4KGxGuEAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAPgADAP7/CQAGAAAAAAAAAAAAAAACAAAAuQAAAAAAAAAA
EAAA/v///wAAAAD+////AAAAALcAAAC4AAAA////////////////////////////////////////
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////9g
IRvwAwEAAOyReuM/w9o7RcTuwqAUR6A6AQAAAAAAAAAAAADAAQAAYAEAAEi1AgCgIQIA0QAAAAD+
eNpjZOBkYGCey8DAwMQgwwACrEDMyQRjMTEyQlmMTP///wez9BgloGLccHU8TAmMBxiFgCw1Nn4G
KYb/IMUMAkD+ASDrDxA3AA2KAWJuqBoeBt/EkoyQyoJUBgYDsN2/mQ78AzuBYQLIUiYWJgaB4Mrc
pPwchnIHoEA7B5d54Iov5VFAzAhWZ8DAAiR1gRwOIG3ExcBowQCSWV3JBbWFC+wSiGqIHSIgHwPB
HrDbGZmYlIIri0tSc0E8kC4WsCxCF8wORjD9ASjIDBYHAI6EMtQAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAADwDoA+0+AAAB
AOkDKAAAAGAYAADgEAAAjxAAAOgXAAAFAAAACgAAAAIAAAADAAAAAQACAAAAAAEPAAkE3AEAAAAA
CgQEAAAADwAAAA8AzA+YAAAAAADNDwgAAAAAAAAAAQAAAAEAww8YAAAAAQAAAAAAAAABAAAABgAA
ACcAAAAAtLoAEAC6DxAAAABFAHEAdQBhAHQAaQBvAG4AIAC6DxQAAABFAHEAdQBhAHQAaQBvAG4A
LgAzADAAug8sAAAATQBpAGMAcgBvAHMAbwBmAHQAIABFAHEAdQBhAHQAaQBvAG4AIAAzAC4AMAAP
AMwPmAAAAAAAzQ8IAAAAAAAAAAEAADABAMMPGAAAAAEAAAAAAAAAAgAAAAYAAAAoAAAAALa6ABAA
ug8QAAAARQBxAHUAYQB0AGkAbwBuACAAug8UAAAARQBxAHUAYQB0AGkAbwBuAC4AMwAwALoPLAAA
AE0AaQBjAHIAbwBzAG8AZgB0ACAARQBxAHUAYQB0AGkAbwBuACAAMwAuADAADwDXD4gAAAAAANMP
BAAAAAkAAAAAALoPdAAAAGYAdABwADoALwAvAGYAdABwAC4AMwBnAHAAcAAyAC4AbwByAGcALwBW
ACYAVgAvAEMALgBQADAAMAA1ADIALQAwAF8AdgAwAC4AMgBfAFYATQBSAC0AVwBCAF8AVgAmAFYA
XwBUAGUAeAB0AC4AegBpAHAADwDyAzIEAAAvAMgP6gAAADAA0g8EAAAAAgAAAAAAug8oAAAAGCAc
IAj/FDA7/1v/CDAKMAwwDjAQMOX/BP8kACgAWwBcAHsAYv/h/xAAug+mAAAAATACMAz/Dv/7MBr/
G/8f/wH/mzCcMP0w/jCdMJ4wBTD8MBkgHSAJ/xUwPf9d/wkwCzANMA8wETCwADAgMiAzIAMh4P8F
/0EwQzBFMEcwSTBjMIMwhTCHMI4woTCjMKUwpzCpMMMw4zDlMOcw7jD1MPYwIQAlACkALAAuADoA
OwA/AF0AfQBh/2P/ZP9l/2f/aP9p/2r/a/9s/23/bv9v/3D/nv+f/w8A1QdgAgAAAAC3D0QAAABS
AG8AdABpAHMAIABTAGEAbgBzACAAUwBlAHIAaQBmACAAZgBvAHIAIABOAG8AawBpAGEAAAAAAHTa
EgBoegcwAJwEIhAAtw9EAAAAQQByAGkAYQBsAAAAUwBhAG4AcwAgAFMAZQByAGkAZgAgAGYAbwBy
ACAATgBvAGsAaQBhAAAAAAB02hIAaHoHMACcBCIgALcPRAAAAFQAYQBoAG8AbQBhAAAAYQBuAHMA
IABTAGUAcgBpAGYAIABmAG8AcgAgAE4AbwBrAGkAYQAAAAAAdNoSAGh6BzAAnAQiMAC3D0QAAABX
AGkAbgBnAGQAaQBuAGcAcwAAACAAUwBlAHIAaQBmACAAZgBvAHIAIABOAG8AawBpAGEAAAAAAHTa
EgBoegcwApwEAkAAtw9EAAAAQQByAGkAYQBsACAATgBhAHIAcgBvAHcAAAByAGkAZgAgAGYAbwBy
ACAATgBvAGsAaQBhAAAAAAB02hIAaHoHMACcBCJQALcPRAAAAE0AUwAgAE0AaQBuAGMAaABvAAAA
bwB3AAAAcgBpAGYAIABmAG8AcgAgAE4AbwBrAGkAYQAAAAAAdNoSAGh6BzCAnAQxYAC3D0QAAABD
AG8AdQByAGkAZQByACAATgBlAHcAAAAAAHIAaQBmACAAZgBvAHIAIABOAG8AawBpAGEAAAAAAHTa
EgBoegcwAJwEMXAAtw9EAAAAVABpAG0AZQBzACAATgBlAHcAIABSAG8AbQBhAG4AAAAgAGYAbwBy
ACAATgBvAGsAaQBhAAAAAAB02hIAaHoHMACcBBIAAKQPDAAAAIAAYQAAAAIA/////wAApQ8OAAAA
AAAQCC4AAgAAAAcAAAAAAKsPHgAAAP8fAAAFAOABAAAAAAAAaAFoAdAC0AI4BDgEoAWgBQAAqQ8K
AAAABwAAAAIACQQAAEAAow9uAAAABQD//T8AAAAiIAAAZAAAAAAAAABkAAAAAAAAAAAAQAIAAAAA
AgAAAP//7wAAAAAA////////GAAAAAABAAAABQAAIAEgAQAAAAAABQAAQAJAAgAAAAAABQAAYANg
AwAAAAAABQAAgASABAAAAAAPAAsEFAYAAA8AAPAMBgAAAAAG8IgCAAACRAEAUAAAAOEAAAATAAAA
BAAAAAQAAAAOAAAABAAAAA0AAAACAAAAAAAAAAQAAAAAAAAABwAAAAAAAAAJAAAAAAAAAAgAAAAA
AAAABwAAAAAAAAAEAAAAAAAAACEAAAAAAAAAGwAAAAAAAAAHAAAAAAAAAAwAAAAAAAAAEgAAAAAA
AAAIAAAAAAAAACUAAAAAAAAAGAAAAAAAAAB3AAAAAAAAAAQAAAADAAAAPwAAAAAAAAAGAAAAAAAA
AAsAAAAAAAAACwAAAAAAAAAJAAAAAAAAAAkAAAAAAAAACQAAAAAAAAAJAAAAAAAAAAkAAAAAAAAA
CQAAAAAAAAAJAAAAAAAAAAkAAAAAAAAAAgAAAAAAAAACAAAAAAAAAAYAAAAAAAAABgAAAAAAAAAG
AAAAAAAAAAYAAAAAAAAACAAAAAAAAAAGAAAAAAAAAAgAAAAAAAAABAAAAAAAAAACAAAAAAAAAAQA
AAAAAAAACAAAAAAAAAAGAAAAAAAAAAwAAAAAAAAABgAAAAAAAAAGAAAAAQAAAA4AAAAEAAAAEQAA
AAAAAAAHAAAAAAAAAAUAAAAAAAAACAAAAAAAAAAHAAAAAAAAAAUAAAAAAAAABAAAAAMAAAAEAAAA
EwAAAAUAAAAAAAAAJAAAAAAAAAAqAAAAAAAAAAQAAAAAAAAAFQAAAAAAAAAhAAAAAAAAAD8AAAAA
AAAABAAAAAkAAAAEAAAACAAAAFEAAAAGAAAABAAAAAcAAAAEAAAACgAAAB4AAAALAAAALwAAAAwA
AAAEAAAAAAAAAAcAAAAAAAAABQAAAA8AAAAHAAAAEQAAAAUAAAACAAAACQAAABAAAAAFAAAAEgAA
ABkAAAAfAAHwLAAAADIAB/AkAAAAAwTskXrjP8PaO0XE7sKgFEeg/wALAQAAAgAAAAAAAAAAAAoB
AwgL8AADAACBADBlAQCCAJiyAACDADBlAQCEAJiyAACFAAIAAACHAAAAAACIAAAAAACJAAAAAAC/
AAAADwAMAfQAABCAAQAAAACBAQQAAAiCAQAAAQCDAQAAAAiEAQAAAQCGQQAAAACHwQAAAACIAQAA
AACJAQAAAACKAQAAAACLAQAAAACMAQAAAACNAQAAAACOAQAAAACPAQAAAACQAQAAAACVAQAAAACW
AQAAAACXwQAAAACYAQAAAACZAQAAAACaAQAAAACbAQAAAACcAQMAAEC/ARwAHgDAAQEAAAjBAQAA
AQDCAf///wDEAQAAAADFQQAAAADGwQAAAADHAQAAAADIAQAAAADJAQAAAADKAQAAAADLATUlAADM
AQAACADNAQAAAADOAQAAAADPwQAAAADQAQAAAADRAQAAAADSAQEAAADTAQEAAADUAQEAAADVAQEA
AADWAQEAAADXAQIAAAD/AQ4ADgAAAgAAAAABAgIAAAgCAsvLywAEAgAAAQAFAjhjAAAGAjhjAAAH
AgAAAAAIAgAAAAAJAgAAAQAKAgAAAAALAgAAAAAMAgAAAQANAgAAAAAOAgAAAAAPAgABAAAQAgAA
AAARAgAAAAA/AgAAAwCAAgAAAACBAgAAAQCCAgUAAACDApwxAACEAgAAAACFAvD5BgCGAgAAAACH
AvcAABC/AgEADwDAAgAAAADBAgAAAADCAmQAAADDAgAAAADEAgAAAADFAgAAAADGAgAAAADHAgAA
AADIAgAAAADJAgAAAADKAjB1AADLAtASEwDMAjDt7P/NAkBUiQDOAgCAAADPAgCA///QAgAAef/R
AjIAAADSAiBOAADTAlDDAADUAgAAAADVAhAnAADWAnCUAADXArA8///YAgAAAADZAhAnAADaAnCU
AAD/AhYAHwAEAwEAAABAAwMAAABBA6gpAQBCAwAAAABDAwMAAABEA3y+AQBFAwAAAAB/AxAAPwCE
AwAAAACFAwAAAACGAwAAAACHAwAAAACIAwAAAACKAwEAAACAABrxIAAAAPf6egCAz1kAUrYuAPdR
UQATrdEAuCW/ABPRyADridgAQAAe8RAAAAD3+noABgAACAIAAAj3AAAQHwDwDzgAAAAAAPMDFAAA
ABYAAAAEAAAAAAAAAAEAAIAAAAAAAADzAxQAAAAXAAAABAAAAAAAAAACAACAAAAAAA8A0AfdAQAA
HwD/AxQAAAACAAAEDAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAgAAAB8AFAQcAAAAAAAVBBQAAAC6HXXsAMqaOzJOzckA
ypo7AAIAAQ8A+gNnAAAAAAD+AwMAAAAAAQAAAP0DNAAAAFAAAABkAAAAUAAAAGQAAAAhywYwCAAA
AAAAAABo2hIAAAAAAAAAAACr/v//vf///wEAAABwAPsDCAAAAAAAAABwCAAAcAD7AwgAAAABAAAA
MAwAAB8ABwQ8AAAAAAD9AzQAAAAhAAAAZAAAACEAAABkAAAAo4sHMCTeEgAAAAAAFKq6AAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAARIAHwATBDwAAAAAAP0DNAAAAGQAAABkAAAAZAAAAGQAAACjiwcwJN4SAAAA
AAAUqroAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAABEgAfAAgEPAAAAAAA/QM0AAAAQgAAAGQAAABCAAAAZAAA
AKOLBzAk3hIAAAAAABSqugAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAASAA8AiBNaAAAADwCKE1IAAAAAALoP
DgAAAF8AXwBfAFAAUABUADkAAACLEzQAAAAvAMgPDAAAADAA0g8EAAAAgAAAAA8A5A8YAAAAAADT
DwQAAAAJAAAAAAAYEAQAAAABAAAAPwDZDwwAAAAAANoPBAAAAAAAJQAPAPAP4i8AAAAA8wMUAAAA
BQAAAAQAAAACAAAAAAEAAAAAAAAAAJ8PBAAAAAYAAAAAAKgPRgAAAEhpZ2hsaWdodHMgb2YgdGhl
IFJldmlzZWQgC1ZNUi1XQiBSVFAgUGF5bG9hZCBhbmQgU3RvcmFnZSBGaWxlIEZvcm1hdHMAAKEP
FAAAAEcAAAAAAAAAAABHAAAAAQAAAAAAEACfDwQAAAAFAAAAAACoDzAAAABTYXNzYW4gQWhtYWRp
LCBQaC5ELg0NTm9raWEgSW5jLiBVU0ENTWF5IDEsIDIwMDQAAKEPLAAAADEAAAAAAAAAAAAVAAAA
AQACAAEAFAABAAAAAQACAAEAEAAbAAAAAAACABQAAADzAxQAAAAfAAAAAAAAAAIAAAAIAQAAAAAA
AAAAnw8EAAAAAAAAAAAAqA8HAAAAT3V0bGluZQAAoQ8UAAAACAAAAAAAAAAAAAgAAAAAAAIAGAAQ
AJ8PBAAAAAEAAAAAAKgP2QAAAE92ZXJ2aWV3IG9mIFZNUi1XQiBzdGFuZGFyZA1Nb3RpdmF0aW9u
IGZvciB0aGUgY29kZWMgaW50ZXJvcGVyYWJpbGl0eQ1JbnRlcm9wZXJhYmlsaXR5IHdpdGggQU1S
LVdCDU92ZXJ2aWV3IG9mIFZNUi1XQiBSVFAgcGF5bG9hZCBmb3JtYXRzDU92ZXJ2aWV3IG9mIFZN
Ui1XQiBmaWxlIHN0b3JhZ2UgZm9ybWF0DUFwcGxpY2F0aW9ucyBvZiBWTVItV0Igc3RhbmRhcmQg
DVJlbWFya3MAAKEPHgAAANoAAAAAAAAAAADZAAAAAAACABgAAQAAAAAAAgAcAAAA8wMUAAAAKQAA
AAAAAAACAAAAEQEAAAAAAAAAAJ8PBAAAAAAAAAAAAKgPHwAAAE92ZXJ2aWV3IG9mIFZNUi1XQiBT
dGFuZGFyZCAoMSkAAKEPFAAAACAAAAAAAAAAAAAgAAAAAAACABgAEACfDwQAAAABAAAAAACoD3EE
AABWTVItV0IgaXMgdGhlIGZpcnN0IDNHUFAyIHN0YW5kYXJkIHNwZWVjaCBjb2RlYyB0aGF0IGlz
IGZ1bGx5IGludGVyb3BlcmFibGUgd2l0aCAzR1BQL0FNUi1XQjsgbWFraW5nIGl0IGlkZWFsIGZv
ciBjcm9zcy1zeXN0ZW0gTU1TLCBNU1MsIGFuZCBWb0lQIGFwcGxpY2F0aW9ucyBpbmNsdWRpbmcg
bXVsdGltZWRpYSBjb250ZW50IGdlbmVyYXRpb24gYW5kIGV4Y2hhbmdlIHdpdGggbm8gdHJhbnNj
b2RpbmcgYXQgdGhlIGdhdGV3YXlzLg1WTVItV0IgaXMgdGhlIGZpcnN0IDNHUFAyIHN0YW5kYXJk
IHNwZWVjaCBjb2RlYyB0aGF0IGVuYWJsZXMgYm90aCBtdWx0aW1vZGUgd2lkZWJhbmQgYW5kIG5h
cnJvd2JhbmQgdm9pY2Ugc2VydmljZXMgaW4gdGhlIHNhbWUgcGFja2FnZS4NVk1SLVdCIHN0YW5k
YXJkIGhhcyBiZWVuIGNvbXByZWhlbnNpdmVseSBjaGFyYWN0ZXJpemVkIGJ5IGFuIGluZGVwZW5k
ZW50IGxhYiBiYXNlZCBvbiBhIHN0cmluZ2VudCBjaGFyYWN0ZXJpemF0aW9uIHRlc3QgcGxhbi4N
Vk1SLVdCIHN0YW5kYXJkIHByb3ZpZGVzIGxhYi1jZXJ0aWZpZWQgcGVyZm9ybWFuY2Ugc3VwZXJp
b3IgdG8gdGhhdCBvZiBleGlzdGluZyB3aXJlbGVzcyBjb2RlY3MgdGhhdCBjYW4gYmUgdXNlZCBp
biBhIHZhcmlldHkgb2YgY2lyY3VpdC1zd2l0Y2hlZCBvciBwYWNrZXQtc3dpdGNoZWQgbXVsdGlt
ZWRpYSBhcHBsaWNhdGlvbnMuDUZlYXR1cmVzIG9mIHRoZSBWTVItV0Igc3RhbmRhcmQNQSB2YXJp
YWJsZS1yYXRlIG11bHRpbW9kZSBjb2RlYyB3aXRoIHJvYnVzdCBwZXJmb3JtYW5jZSBhbmQgc3Vw
ZXJpb3IgcXVhbGl0eSB1bmRlciBhIHZhcmlldHkgb2Ygb3BlcmF0aW5nIGFuZCBiYWNrZ3JvdW5k
IGNvbmRpdGlvbnMuDQ1WTVItV0IgaXMgZnVsbHkgY29tcGxpYW50IHdpdGggY2RtYTIwMDCuIHN5
c3RlbSByZXF1aXJlbWVudHMgaW4gUmF0ZS1TZXQgSUkgaW4gYWxsIDQgbW9kZXMgb2Ygb3BlcmF0
aW9uLCBoYXZpbmcgbm8gaW1wYWN0IG9uIHRoZSBleGlzdGluZyBjZG1hMjAwMK4gYWlyLWludGVy
ZmFjZS4NDVZNUi1XQiBzaGFyZXMgdGhlIHNhbWUgY29yZSB0ZWNobm9sb2d5IHdpdGggQU1SLVdC
LCBtYWtpbmcgaXQgaWRlYWwgZm9yIGR1YWwgc3lzdGVtL2NvZGVjIGltcGxlbWVudGF0aW9ucy4A
AKEPEgEAAL0CAAAAAAAAAAAgAAAAAAABAAAADgCFAAAAAAAAAAAAAQAAAAEAAQAAAA4AowAAAAAA
AAAAAAEAAAABAAEAAAAOAGsAAAAAAAAAAAC9AgAAAAACABAAIAAAAAEABgABABAAAAAABCUAAAAA
BAIAAAQQACcAAAAABAYAAAQQAAAAAAY5AAAAAAQCAAAEEAABAAAAAAQCAAAECAAKAAAAAAgCAAAI
EAAyAAAAAAgGAAAIEAAAAAAGBAAAAAAIAgAACBAADAAAAAAIBgAACBAAAAAABlcAAAAACAIAAAgQ
AAEAAAAACAIAAAgIABIAAAAACAIAAAgQABQAAAAACAYAAAgQAAAAAAZFAAAAAAgCAAAIEAAAAPMD
FAAAACoAAAAAAAAAAgAAABIBAAAAAAAAAACfDwQAAAAAAAAAAACoDx8AAABPdmVydmlldyBvZiBW
TVItV0IgU3RhbmRhcmQgKDIpAAChDxQAAAAgAAAAAAAAAAAAIAAAAAAAAgAYABAAnw8EAAAAAQAA
AAAAqA9kAwAARmVhdHVyZXMgb2YgdGhlIFZNUi1XQiBzdGFuZGFyZCAoY29udCkNVk1SLVdCIGVu
YWJsZXMgVHJhbnNjb2Rlci1GcmVlIE1NUywgTVNTLCBhbmQgVm9JUCBpbnRlcm9wZXJhYmxlIGlu
dGVyY29ubmVjdGlvbnMgd2l0aCAzR1BQIG5ldHdvcmsgd2l0aCBubyBtZWRpYSBmb3JtYXQgY29u
dmVyc2lvbi4NDVdpdGggdGhlIGluY3JlYXNlIG9mIG11bHRpbWVkaWEgbWVzc2FnZSB0cmFmZmlj
LCBlbGltaW5hdGluZyB0cmFuc2NvZGluZyBhdCB0aGUgZ2F0ZXdheXMgd291bGQgcmVzdWx0IGlu
IA0NTW9yZSBlZmZpY2llbmN5DQ1JbXByb3ZpbmcgcXVhbGl0eSBvZiBzZXJ2aWNlIGJ5IGF2b2lk
aW5nIHF1YWxpdHkgZGVncmFkYXRpb24gZHVlIHRvIHRyYW5zY29kaW5nDQ1SZWR1Y2luZyB0aGUg
Y29tcGxleGl0eSBhbmQgY29zdCBvZiB0aGUgZ2F0ZXdheXMNDVZNUi1XQiBicmluZ3Mgc3VwZXJp
b3IgcXVhbGl0eSBhbmQgcGVyZm9ybWFuY2UgYXQgYSBjb21wdXRhdGlvbmFsIGNvbXBsZXhpdHkg
YW5kIG1lbW9yeSByZXF1aXJlbWVudCBzaWduaWZpY2FudGx5IGxlc3MgdGhhbiAzR1BQMiByZXF1
aXJlbWVudHMuDQ1WTVItV0IgaGFzIG5hcnJvd2JhbmQgcHJvY2Vzc2luZyBjYXBhYmlsaXR5IGlu
IGFsbCBtb2RlcyB3aXRoIHF1YWxpdHkgYW5kIHBlcmZvcm1hbmNlIHN1cnBhc3NpbmcgdGhlIGNv
cnJlc3BvbmRpbmcgbW9kZXMgb2YgU01WIGFuZCBFVlJDLg0NVk1SLVdCIGlzIGV4Y2x1c2l2ZWx5
IGxpY2Vuc2VkIGJ5IE5va2lhIGZvciBhbGwgY2RtYTIwMDCuIGFwcGxpY2F0aW9ucywgdGVybWlu
YWxzLCBhbmQgaW5mcmFzdHJ1Y3R1cmUuDQ1WTVItV0IgZGVjb2RlciBpcyBGUkVFIGZvciBhbGwg
SW50ZXJuZXQgYXBwbGljYXRpb25zLgAAoQ+UAgAAJwAAAAAAARAAAA4AWgCEAAAAAAAAEAAAWgAB
AAAAAQAAEAAAWgBqAAAAAAAAEAAAWgABAAAAAAABEAAADgBaABAAAAABAAAQAABaAAEAAAABAAEQ
AAAOAFoAUAAAAAEAABAAAFoAAQAAAAEAARAAAA4AWgAxAAAAAQAAEAAAWgABAAAAAQABEAAADgBa
AJAAAAAAAAAQAABaAAEAAAABAAEQAAAOAFoAigAAAAAAABAAAFoAAQAAAAEAARAAAA4AWgBnAAAA
AAAAEAAAWgABAAAAAQABEAAADgBaADYAAAAAAAAQAABaACYAAAABAAYAAQASAAAAAAQBAAAAAQAG
AAEAEAAAAAAEDwAAAAAEAgAABBAAQQAAAAAEBgAABBAAAAAABjQAAAAABAIAAAQQAAEAAAAABAIA
AAQIADEAAAAABAIAAAQQABcAAAAABAYAAAQQAP8zAP4iAAAAAAQCAAAEEAABAAAAAAgCAAAIBwAQ
AAAAAAwCAAAMDgABAAAAAAwCAAAMBgBQAAAAAAwCAAAMDgABAAAAAAwCAAAMBgAwAAAAAAwCAAAM
DgABAAAAAAwCAAAMEAABAAAAABACAAAQBgAOAAAAABACAAAQEAAgAAAAABAGAAAQEAAAAAAGYgAA
AAAQAgAAEBAAAQAAAAAUAgAAFAgACwAAAAAUAgAAFBAAIAAAAAAUBgAAFBAAAAAABl8AAAAAFAIA
ABQQAAEAAAAAGAIAABgIAAoAAAAAGAIAABgQAB0AAAAAGAYAABgQAP8zAP5AAAAAABgCAAAYEAAB
AAAAABwCAAAcCAASAAAAACACAAAgEAAEAAAAACAGAAAgEAAAAAAGHgAAAAAgAgAAIBAAAgAAAAAg
AgAAIBIAAADzAxQAAAArAAAABAAAAAEAAAAQAQAAAAAAAAAAnw8EAAAAAAAAAAAAqA8kAAAAT3Bl
cmF0aW9uYWwgTW9kZXMgb2YgVk1SLVdCIFN0YW5kYXJkAAChDxQAAAAlAAAAAAAAAAAAJQAAAAAA
AgAYAAAA8wMUAAAAJgAAAAAAAAACAAAADwEAAAAAAAAAAJ8PBAAAAAAAAAAAAKgPKQAAAE1vdGl2
YXRpb24gZm9yIHRoZSBDb2RlYyBJbnRlcm9wZXJhYmlsaXR5AAChDxQAAAAqAAAAAAAAAAAAKgAA
AAAAAgAYABAAnw8EAAAAAQAAAAAAqA+kAgAAR2xvYmFsIGhhcm1vbml6YXRpb24gb2YgbXVsdGlt
ZWRpYSBzZXJ2aWNlcyBhY3Jvc3MgZGlmZmVyZW50IGNlbGx1bGFyIGFuZCBub24tY2VsbHVsYXIg
bmV0d29ya3MgaGFzIGdhaW5lZCBhIHN0cm9uZyBtb21lbnR1bSBpbiB0aGUgc3RhbmRhcmRpemF0
aW9uIGJvZGllcy4NV2l0aCB0aGUgaW5jcmVhc2Ugb2YgbXVsdGltZWRpYSBtZXNzYWdlIHRyYWZm
aWMsIGVsaW1pbmF0aW5nIHRyYW5zY29kaW5nIGF0IHRoZSBnYXRld2F5cyB3b3VsZCByZXN1bHQg
aW4gDU1vcmUgZWZmaWNpZW5jeQ1JbXByb3ZpbmcgcXVhbGl0eSBvZiBzZXJ2aWNlIGJ5IGF2b2lk
aW5nIHF1YWxpdHkgZGVncmFkYXRpb24gZHVlIHRvIHRyYW5zY29kaW5nDVJlZHVjaW5nIHRoZSBj
b21wbGV4aXR5IGFuZCBjb3N0IG9mIHRoZSBnYXRld2F5cw1TaW1wbGlmeWluZyBpbXBsZW1lbnRh
dGlvbnMgYnkgcmVjeWNsaW5nIHRoZSBjb2RlIGJldHdlZW4gdmFyaW91cyBhdWRpbyBjb2RlY3Mu
DUhhcm1vbml6aW5nIGFwcGxpY2F0aW9ucyBhY3Jvc3MgZGlmZmVyZW50IG5ldHdvcmtzLCBlLmcu
LCBJZiBBTVItV0IgaXMgdXNlZCBmb3Igc3RyZWFtaW5nIHNlcnZpY2VzIGluIDNHUFAgc2lkZSwg
M0dQUDIvVk1SLVdCIGNhbiBiZSB1c2VkIHRvIGRlY29kZSB0aGUgY29udGVudCBhbmQvb3IgZ2Vu
ZXJhdGUgdGhlIGNvbnRlbnQuIAAAoQ88AAAABgEAAAAAAAAAAJEAAAABAAAAAAAOAQAAAAAAAAAA
BgEAAAAAAgAUAJEAAAAAAAIAEgAOAQAAAAACABQAAADzAxQAAAAsAAAABAAAAAIAAAATAQAAAAAA
AAAAnw8EAAAAAAAAAAAAqA8gAAAASW50ZXJvcGVyYWJpbGl0eSB3aXRoIEFNUi1XQiAoMSkAAKEP
FAAAACEAAAAAAAAAAAAhAAAAAAACABgAEACfDwQAAAABAAAAAACoDwEAAAAgAAChDxQAAAACAAAA
AAABAAAADgACAAAAAAAAAAAA8wMUAAAALQAAAAQAAAABAAAAFAEAAAAAAAAAAJ8PBAAAAAAAAAAA
AKgPIAAAAEludGVyb3BlcmFiaWxpdHkgd2l0aCBBTVItV0IgKDIpAAChDxQAAAAhAAAAAAAAAAAA
IQAAAAAAAgAUAAAA8wMUAAAALgAAAAAAAAACAAAAFQEAAAAAAAAAAJ8PBAAAAAAAAAAAAKgPIgAA
AE92ZXJ2aWV3IG9mIFZNUi1XQiBSVFAgUGF5bG9hZCAoMSkAAKEPFAAAACMAAAAAAAAAAAAjAAAA
AAACABgAEACfDwQAAAABAAAAAACoD2IDAABTaW1pbGFyaXRpZXMgYW5kIGRpZmZlcmVuY2VzIHdp
dGggQU1SLVdCIFJUUCBwYXlsb2FkIChSRkMgMzI2NykNVk1SLVdCIGFuZCBBTVItV0IgUlRQIHBh
eWxvYWRzIGhhdmUgdGhlIHNhbWUgc3RydWN0dXJlDUEgbGFyZ2UgcG9ydGlvbiBvZiBSRkMgMzI2
NyBoYXMgYmVlbiByZXVzZWQgaW4gVk1SLVdCIHBheWxvYWQgZm9ybWF0DUJvdGggY29kZWNzIHN1
cHBvcnQgSW50ZXJmYWNlIEZvcm1hdCAyIGZyYW1lIHN0cnVjdHVyZSBhbmQgc2ltaWxhciBNSU1F
L0ZpbGUgc3RvcmFnZSBmb3JtYXQNQm90aCBmb3JtYXRzIHN1cHBvcnQNT2N0ZXQtYWxpZ25lZCBm
b3JtYXQNU2luZ2xlLWZyYW1lIGFuZCBtdWx0aS1mcmFtZSBlbmNhcHN1bGF0aW9uDUZvcndhcmQg
RXJyb3IgQ29ycmVjdGlvbiAoRkVDKQ1TaW5nbGUgY2hhbm5lbCBhbmQgbXVsdGktY2hhbm5lbCBz
ZXNzaW9ucw1GcmFtZSBpbnRlcmxlYXZpbmcNQ29uZ2VzdGlvbiBjb250cm9sDUNvZGVjIG1vZGUg
c3dpdGNoaW5nIChhbHRob3VnaCB0aGUgY29uY2VwdCBvZiB0aGUgbW9kZSBpcyBkaWZmZXJlbnQg
aW4gVk1SLVdCIGFuZCBBTVItV0IpDVZNUi1XQiBkb2VzIG5vdCBzdXBwb3J0DUJhbmR3aWR0aCBl
ZmZpY2llbnQgbW9kZSwgUm9idXN0IHNvcnRpbmcsIEZyYW1lIENSQywgYW5kIFVFUC9VRUQgZHVl
IHRvIGRpZmZlcmVuY2VzIGluIHRoZSBuYXRpdmUgY2VsbHVsYXIgbmV0d29ya3MNV2hhdCBpcyBu
ZXcgaW4gdGhlIFZNUi1XQiBJbnRlcm5ldCBkcmFmdD8NSGVhZGVyLUZyZWUgUlRQIHBheWxvYWQg
Zm9ybWF0DUNvbnRpbnVvdXMgdnMuIERpc2NvbnRpbnVvdXMgVHJhbnNtaXNzaW9uIG9wZXJhdGlv
bnMNV2lkZWJhbmQgYW5kIE5hcnJvd2JhbmQgb3BlcmF0aW9ucwAAoQ/CAAAAQAAAAAAAABAAAFoA
7QAAAAEAABAAAFoACQEAAAIAABAAAFoAGAAAAAEAABAAAFoAdAAAAAIAABAAAFoAKgAAAAEAABAA
AFoAdwAAAAIAABAAAFoAQAAAAAAABgAQAAAAAATYAAAAAAQCAAAEDgAVAAAAAAQGAAAEDgD/MwD+
CQEAAAAEAgAABA4AGAAAAAAIBgAACA4A/zMA/nQAAAAACAIAAAgOACoAAAAADAYAAAwOAP8zAP53
AAAAABACAAAQDgAAAPMDFAAAADEAAAAEAAAAAgAAABgBAAAAAAAAAACfDwQAAAAAAAAAAACoDz8A
AABPdmVydmlldyBvZiBWTVItV0IgUlRQIFBheWxvYWQgKDIpC09jdGV0LUFsaWduZWQgUGF5bG9h
ZCBGb3JtYXQAAKEPHgAAAEAAAAAAAAAAAAAjAAAAAAACABgAHQAAAAAAAgAQABAAnw8EAAAAAQAA
AAAAqA+bAQAAUGF5bG9hZCBoZWFkZXINIDAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgMQ0gMCAxIDIgMyA0
IDUgNiA3IDggOSAwIDEgMiAzIDQgNQ0rLSstKy0rLSstKy0rLSstKy0gLSAtIC0gLSAtIC0gLQ18
ICBDTVIgIHxSfFJ8UnxSfCAgSUxMICB8ICBJTFAgIHwNKy0rLSstKy0rLSstKy0rLSstIC0gLSAt
IC0gLSAtIC0NICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgb3B0aW9uYWwgDQ0gKy0tLS0tLS0tLS0tLS0t
LS0tLS0tLSsNIHwgbGlzdCBvZiBUb0MgZW50cmllcyB8DSArLS0tLS0tLS0tLS0tLS0tLS0tLS0t
Kw0NVE9DIChUYWJsZSBvZiBDb250ZW50KQ0gICAgICAgICAgICAgMCAxIDIgMyA0IDUgNiA3DSAg
ICAgICAgICstKy0rLSstKy0rLSstKy0rDSAgICAgICAgIHxGfCAgRlQgICB8UXxQfFB8DSAgICAg
ICAgICstKy0rLSstKy0rLSstKy0rAAChD5AAAACcAQAAAAABAAAADgAPAAAAAAACAA4AbAAAAAAA
AwAGAAwAAwAAAAAABwAGAAwAAAAABgUAAAAAAAMABgAMAAMAAAAAAAcABgAMAAAAAAZFAAAAAAAD
AAYADAABAAAAAAACABQAYgAAAAAAAwAGAAwADQAAAAAAAgAUAGAAAAAAAAMABgAMAAEAAAAAAAIA
GAAAAPMDFAAAADQAAAAEAAAAAgAAABsBAAAAAAAAAACfDwQAAAAAAAAAAACoDz8AAABPdmVydmll
dyBvZiBWTVItV0IgUlRQIFBheWxvYWQgKDMpC09jdGV0LUFsaWduZWQgUGF5bG9hZCBGb3JtYXQA
AKEPHgAAAEAAAAAAAAAAAAAjAAAAAAACABgAHQAAAAAAAgAQABAAnw8EAAAAAQAAAAAAqA97BgAA
oA0gICArLS0tLSstLS0tLS0tLS0tLS0tLS0tLS0tLS0tLS0tLS0tLS0tLS0tLS0tLS0tLS0tLS0r
LS0tLS0tLS0tLS0tLS0tLS0tLS0tLS0tKw0gICB8IEZUIHwgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgRW5jb2Rp
bmcgUmF0ZSAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICB8ICBGcmFtZSBTaXplIChCaXRzKSAgICAgfA0gICArLS0t
LSstLS0tLS0tLS0tLS0tLS0tLS0tLS0tLS0tLS0tLS0tLS0tLS0tLS0tLS0tLS0rLS0tLS0tLS0t
LS0tLS0tLS0tLS0tLS0tKw0gICB8IDAgIHwgSW50ZXJvcGVyYWJsZSBGdWxsLVJhdGUgKEFNUi1X
QiA2LjYwIGticHMpICB8ICAgICAgICAgIDEzMiAgICAgICAgICAgfCAgICAgDSAgIHwgMSAgfCBJ
bnRlcm9wZXJhYmxlIEZ1bGwtUmF0ZSAoQU1SLVdCIDguODUga2JwcykgIHwgICAgICAgICAgMTc3
ICAgICAgICAgICB8DSAgIHwgMiAgfCBJbnRlcm9wZXJhYmxlIEZ1bGwtUmF0ZSAoQU1SLVdCIDEy
LjY1IGticHMpIHwgICAgICAgICAgMjUzICAgICAgICAgICB8DSAgIHwgMyAgfCBGdWxsLVJhdGUg
MTMuMyBrYnBzICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgIHwgICAgICAgICAgMjY2ICAgICAgICAg
ICB8DSAgIHwgNCAgfCBIYWxmLVJhdGUgNi4yIGticHMgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAg
IHwgICAgICAgICAgMTI0ICAgICAgICAgICB8DSAgIHwgNSAgfCBRdWFydGVyLVJhdGUgMi43IGti
cHMgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgIHwgICAgICAgICAgIDU0ICAgICAgICAgICB8DSAgIHwg
NiAgfCBFaWdodGgtUmF0ZSAxLjAga2JwcyAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgIHwgICAgICAg
ICAgIDIwICAgICAgICAgICB8DSAgIHwgNyAgfCAocmVzZXJ2ZWQpICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAg
ICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgIHwgICAgICAgICAgIC0gICAgICAgICAgICB8DSAgIHwgOCAgfCAocmVz
ZXJ2ZWQpICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgIHwgICAgICAgICAgIC0gICAg
ICAgICAgICB8DSAgIHwgOSAgfCBDTkcgKEFNUi1XQiBTSUQpICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAg
ICAgICAgIHwgICAgICAgICAgIDM1ICAgICAgICAgICB8DSAgIHwgMTAgfCAocmVzZXJ2ZWQpICAg
ICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgIHwgICAgICAgICAgIC0gICAgICAgICAgICB8
DSAgIHwgMTEgfCAocmVzZXJ2ZWQpICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgIHwg
ICAgICAgICAgIC0gICAgICAgICAgICB8DSAgIHwgMTIgfCAocmVzZXJ2ZWQpICAgICAgICAgICAg
ICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgIHwgICAgICAgICAgIC0gICAgICAgICAgICB8ICAgICAgICAg
ICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgIA0gICB8IDEzIHwgKHJlc2VydmVkKSAgICAgICAgICAgICAg
ICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICB8ICAgICAgICAgICAtICAgICAgICAgICAgfA0gICB8IDE0IHwg
RXJhc3VyZSAoQU1SLVdCIFNQRUVDSF9MT1NUKSAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICB8ICAgICAgICAgICAw
ICAgICAgICAgICAgfA0gICB8IDE1IHwgQmxhbmsgKEFNUi1XQiBOT19EQVRBKSAgICAgICAgICAg
ICAgICAgICAgICB8ICAgICAgICAgICAwICAgICAgICAgICAgfCANICAgKy0tLS0rLS0tLS0tLS0t
LS0tLS0tLS0tLS0tLS0tLS0tLS0tLS0tLS0tLS0tLS0tLS0tKy0tLS0tLS0tLS0tLS0tLS0tLS0t
LS0tLSsNAAChDzYBAAB8BgAAAAABGAAADgABAFoAAQAAAAAAYwAGAAUABgAMAAEAAAAAAGMABgAG
AAYADAD4AAAAAABjAAYABQAGAAwAPwAAAAAAZwAGAAUABgAMAPdRUf4XAAAAAABjAAYABQAGAAwA
PwAAAAAAZwAGAAUABgAMAPdRUf4SAAAAAABjAAYABQAGAAwAPwAAAAAAZwAGAAUABgAMAPdRUf74
AQAAAABjAAYABQAGAAwAPwAAAAAAZwAGAAUABgAMAPdRUf51AQAAAABjAAYABQAGAAwAPgAAAAAA
ZwAGAAUABgAMAPdRUf4TAAAAAABjAAYABQAGAAwAPgAAAAAAZwAGAAUABgAMAPdRUf5fAAAAAABj
AAYABQAGAAwAAQAAAAAAYwAGAAYABgAMAAEAAAAAAEMABgAGAAwAAADzAxQAAAAyAAAABAAAAAIA
AAAZAQAAAAAAAAAAnw8EAAAAAAAAAAAAqA89AAAAT3ZlcnZpZXcgb2YgVk1SLVdCIFJUUCBQYXls
b2FkICg0KQtIZWFkZXItRnJlZSBQYXlsb2FkIEZvcm1hdAAAoQ8eAAAAPgAAAAAAAAAAACMAAAAA
AAIAGAAbAAAAAAACABAAEACfDwQAAAABAAAAAACoD3UCAABUaGUgaGVhZGVyLWZyZWUgcGF5bG9h
ZCB0eXBlIHByb3ZpZGVzIG1heGltdW0gZWZmaWNpZW5jeSwgc2ltcGxpY2l0eSwgYW5kIG1pbmlt
dW0gZGVsYXkuDVRoZSBoZWFkZXItZnJlZSBwYXlsb2FkIHR5cGUgd2hpbGUgZnVsbHkgY29tcGxp
YW50IHdpdGggY2RtYTIwMDCuIFNlcnZpY2UgT3B0aW9ucyA2MCBhbmQgNjEgY2FuIHByb3ZpZGUg
ZWZmaWNpZW50IFZvSVAgd2l0aGluIGNkbWEyMDAwriBuZXR3b3JrLg1UaGUgaGVhZGVyLWZyZWUg
cGF5bG9hZCBjb21wcmlzZXMgYSBzaW5nbGUgc3BlZWNoIGZyYW1lIGFuZCBubyBUT0MuDVRoZSBl
bmNvZGluZyByYXRlIGZvciB0aGUgc3BlZWNoIGRhdGEgZnJhbWUgY2FuIGJlIGRldGVybWluZWQg
ZnJvbSB0aGUgbGVuZ3RoIG9mIHRoZSBjb2RlYyBkYXRhIGZyYW1lLCBzaW5jZSB0aGVyZSBpcyBv
bmx5IG9uZSBjb2RlYyBkYXRhIGZyYW1lIGluIGVhY2ggSGVhZGVyLUZyZWUgcGFja2V0Lg1UaGUg
aGVhZGVyLWZyZWUgcGF5bG9hZCBmb3JtYXQgaXMgbm90IGludGVyb3BlcmFibGUgd2l0aCBSRkMg
MzI2Ny4NVGhlIGhlYWRlci1mcmVlIHBheWxvYWQgaXMgc3VpdGFibGUgYW5kIG9wdGltaXplZCBm
b3Igbm9uLWludGVyb3BlcmFibGUgbW9kZXMgb2YgVk1SLVdCLgAAoQ8UAAAAdgIAAAAAAAAAAHYC
AAAAAAIAEgAAAPMDFAAAADMAAAAEAAAAAgAAABoBAAAAAAAAAACfDwQAAAAAAAAAAACoDysAAABP
dmVydmlldyBvZiBWTVItV0IgTUlNRS9GaWxlIFN0b3JhZ2UgRm9ybWF0AAChDxQAAAAsAAAAAAAA
AAAALAAAAAAAAgAYABAAnw8EAAAAAQAAAAAAoA+YBgAAIAAgACAAIAArAC0ALQAtAC0ALQAtAC0A
LQAtAC0ALQAtAC0ALQAtAC0ALQAtACsAIAAgACAAIAAgAEYAaQBsAGUAIABlAHgAdABlAG4AcwBp
AG8AbgBzACAAZgBvAHIAIAB0AGgAZQAgAG4AbwBuAC0AaQBuAHQAZQByAG8AcABlAHIAYQBiAGwA
ZQAgAG0AbwBkAGUAcwA6ACAAdgBtAHIALAAgAFYATQBSAA0AIAAgACAAfAAgACAAIAAgAEgAZQBh
AGQAZQByACAAIAAgACAAIAAgACAAIAB8ACAAIAAgACAAIABNAGEAZwBpAGMAIABuAHUAbQBiAGUA
cgAgACIAIwAhAFYATQBSAC0AVwBCAFwAbgAcICAAZgBvAHIAIABzAGkAbgBnAGwAZQAgAGMAaABh
AG4AbgBlAGwAIAAoAG4AbwBuAC0AaQBuAHQAZQByAG8AcABlAHIAYQBiAGwAZQAgAG0AbwBkAGUA
cwApAA0AIAAgACAAKwAtAC0ALQAtAC0ALQAtAC0ALQAtAC0ALQAtAC0ALQAtAC0ALQArACAAIAAg
ACAAIABNAGEAZwBpAGMAIABuAHUAbQBiAGUAcgAgACIAIwAhAFYATQBSAC0AVwBCAF8ASQBcAG4A
HCAgAGYAbwByACAAcwBpAG4AZwBsAGUAIABjAGgAYQBuAG4AZQBsACAAKABpAG4AdABlAHIAbwBw
AGUAcgBhAGIAbABlACAAbQBvAGQAZQApAA0AIAAgACAAfAAgAFMAcABlAGUAYwBoACAAZgByAGEA
bQBlACAAMQAgACAAIAB8ACAAIAAgACAAIABTAGkAbgBnAGwAZQAgAGMAaABhAG4AbgBlAGwAIABo
AGUAYQBkAGUAcgA6ACAADQAgACAAIAArAC0ALQAtAC0ALQAtAC0ALQAtAC0ALQAtAC0ALQAtAC0A
LQAtACsAIAAgACAAIAANACAAIAAgADoAIAAgACAAIAAgACAAIAAuAC4ALgAgACAAIAAgACAAIAAg
ACAAOgANACAAIAAgACsALQAtAC0ALQAtAC0ALQAtAC0ALQAtAC0ALQAtAC0ALQAtAC0AKwANACAA
IAAgAHwAIABTAHAAZQBlAGMAaAAgAGYAcgBhAG0AZQAgAG4AIAAgACAAfAAgACAAIAAgACAAIAAg
ACAAIAAgACAAIAANACAAIAAgACsALQAtAC0ALQAtAC0ALQAtAC0ALQAtAC0ALQAtAC0ALQAtAC0A
KwAgACAAIAAgACAATQBhAGcAaQBjACAAbgB1AG0AYgBlAHIAIAAiACMAIQBWAE0AUgAtAFcAQgBf
AE0AQwAxAC4AMABcAG4AHCAgAGYAbwByACAAbQB1AGwAdABpAC0AYwBoAGEAbgBuAGUAbAAgACgA
bgBvAG4ALQBpAG4AdABlAHIAbwBwAGUAcgBhAGIAbABlACAAbQBvAGQAZQBzACkADQAgACAAIAAg
ACAAIAAgACAAIAAgACAAIAAgACAAIAAgACAAIAAgACAAIAAgACAAIAAgACAAIAAgACAAIAAgACAA
IAAgAE0AYQBnAGkAYwAgAG4AdQBtAGIAZQByACAAIgAjACEAVgBNAFIALQBXAEIAXwBNAEMASQAx
AC4AMABcAG4AHCAgAGYAbwByACAAbQB1AGwAdABpAC0AYwBoAGEAbgBuAGUAbAAgACgAaQBuAHQA
ZQByAG8AcABlAHIAYQBiAGwAZQAgAG0AbwBkAGUAKQANACAAIAAgACAAIAAgACAAIAAgACAAIAAg
ACAAIAAgACAAIAAgACAAIAAgACAAIAAgACAAIAAgACAATQB1AGwAdABpAC0AYwBoAGEAbgBuAGUA
bAAgAGgAZQBhAGQAZQByADoADQBGAHIAYQBtAGUAIABoAGUAYQBkAGUAcgAgAGkAbgAgAGUAYQBj
AGgAIABmAHIAYQBtAGUADQAgACAAIAAgACAAIAAgACAAIAAgACAAIAAgACAAMAAgADEAIAAyACAA
MwAgADQAIAA1ACAANgAgADcADQAgACAAIAAgACAAIAAgACAAIAArAC0AKwAtACsALQArAC0AKwAt
ACsALQArAC0AKwAtACsADQAgACAAIAAgACAAIAAgACAAIAB8AFAAfAAgACAARgBUACAAIAAgAHwA
UQB8AFAAfABQAHwADQAgACAAIAAgACAAIAAgACAAIAArAC0AKwAtACsALQArAC0AKwAtACsALQAr
AC0AKwAtACsADQAAAKEPKgEAAE0DAAAAAAEAAAAOAAQAAAAAAAMABgAKABkAAAAAAAMABgAMADoA
AAABAAcAAQAGAAwAAAAABBwAAAAAAAMABgAMAEcAAAAAAAcABgAMALglv/4cAAAAAAADAAYADABC
AAAAAAAHAAYADAC4Jb/+aQAAAAAAAwAGAAwAAQAAAAAABwAGAAwA91FR/hcAAAAAAAMABgAMAAEA
AAAAAAcABgAMAPdRUf5AAAAAAAADAAYADAAzAAAAAAAHAAYADAAAAAAHOwAAAAAABwAGAAoAAAAA
BzQAAAAAAAcABgAMAAAAAAcUAAAAAAAHAAYACgAAAAAHMgAAAAAAAwAGAAwAGwAAAAAAAwAGAAoA
DgAAAAAAAgASAGEAAAAAAAMABgAMAAEAAAAAAAIAHAAAAPMDFAAAADUAAAAEAAAAAQAAABwBAAAA
AAAAAACfDwQAAAAAAAAAAACoDx8AAABBcHBsaWNhdGlvbnMgb2YgVk1SLVdCIFN0YW5kYXJkAADz
AxQAAAAgAAAAAAAAAAEAAAAJAQAAAAAAAAAAnw8EAAAAAAAAAAAAqA8HAAAAUmVtYXJrcwEAAQRQ
AAAAAAAAAf///38AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAEgAAAOoDAAAAAA8A+AN+DgAAAgDvAxgAAAABAAAAAQIH
CQgAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAABgAPAHIAAAAAAAAAD///8AlpaWAN3d3QAA5KgAMzPMAP9QUAD/zwEA
YADwByAAAAD///8AAAAAABwcHAAzM5kAAOSoAP/PAQD/AAAAMzPMAGAA8AcgAAAA////AAAAAABf
X18AAAAAAOrq6gCAgIAATU1NAMDAwABgAPAHIAAAAAAAzAD///8AAACUAP//zAAxk/8AmQD/AP8z
mQD/zAAAYADwByAAAAD///8AAAAAADMzMwAAAGYAxHCaAEtOtQDEgc8AdrdJAGAA8AcgAAAA////
AAAAAACWlpYAakB2ANupwgDhv5EAs86CALitSABgAPAHIAAAAP///wAAAAAAgICAAFFfewCfytMA
wMDAAJGvvwDs6qwAAACjDz4AAAABAP/9PwAAACIgAgBkAAAAAAAAAGQAAAAAAAAAAABAAgAAAAAH
AAAA///vAAEAAQD///////8cAAAAAAMAABAAow+MAAAABQD//T8ADwBuAAMAPAAAAAAHAABkABQA
AADYAAAAQAIAAAAABwAAAP//7wAAAAEA////////IAAAAAABAABgBQAANwAAAAAG1AEgAQAAAgAc
AGAFAAAyAAAAAAfQAkACAAACABgAYAUAADcAAAAABfADYAMAAAIAFABgBQAAMgAAAAAEEAWABAAA
AAAgAKMPbgAAAAUA//0/AAAAIiAAAGQAAAAAAAAAWgAoAAAAAAAAAOABAAAAAAIAAAD//+8AAAAA
AP///////woAAAAAAQAAAAUAACABIAEAAAAAAAUAAEACQAIAAAAAAAUAAGADYAMAAAAAAAUAAIAE
gAQAAAAAUACjD1IAAAAFAAAAAQkAAA4AAQAAAAAAAAABAAEJAAAOAAEAIAEAAAAAAgABCQAADgAB
AEACAAAAAAMAAQkAAA4AAQBgAwAAAAAEAAEJAAAOAAEAgAQAAAAAYACjDwwAAAABAAAAAAAAAAAA
AABwAKMPPgAAAAUAAAAAAAAAAAACABwAAQAAAAAAAAACABgAAgAAAAAAAAACABQAAwAAAAAAAAAC
ABIABAAAAAAAAAACABIAgACjDz4AAAAFAAAAAAAAAAAAAgAYAAEAAAAAAAAAAgAUAAIAAAAAAAAA
AgASAAMAAAAAAAAAAgAQAAQAAAAAAAAAAgAQAA8ADAS4CgAADwAC8LAKAAAQAAjwCAAAAA0AAAAN
xAAADwAD8E4KAAAPAATwKAAAAAEACfAQAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAIACvAIAAAAAMQAAAUA
AAAPAATwqgAAABIACvAIAAAAAsQAAAAKAACjAAvwPAAAAH8AAAAEAIAApOm6AIUAAgAAAIcAAQAA
AIEBBQAACL8BEAAQAMABAQAACP8BAAAIAAECAgAACAQDAwAAABMAIvEGAAAAvwMAAAAEAAAQ8AgA
AAAEAR0BSAIvAg8ADfAwAAAAAACfDwQAAAAEAAAAAAChDxwAAAABAAAAAAAQCAoAAgABAAcAAQAA
AIAAAQCAAAEADwAE8MIAAAASAArwCAAAAAPEAAAACgAA4wAL8FQAAAB/AAAABACAAOzsugCFAAIA
AACHAAEAAACAAQcAAACBAQUAAAiDAQAAAAiLAQAApv+MAWQAAAC/ARQAFADAAQEAAAj/AQAACAAB
AgIAAAgEAwMAAAATACLxBgAAAL8DAAAABAAAEPAIAAAAtAIiAgID3wMPAA3wMAAAAAAAnw8EAAAA
BAAAAAAAoQ8cAAAAAQAAAAAAEAgKAAIAAQAHAAEAAACAAAEAgAABAA8ABPCqAAAAEgAK8AgAAAAE
xAAAAAoAAKMAC/A8AAAAfwAAAAQAgAA477oAhQACAAAAhwABAAAAgQEHAAAIvwEQABAAwAEBAAAI
/wEAAAgAAQICAAAIBAMDAAAAEwAi8QYAAAC/AwAAAAQAABDwCAAAAGUCcQGSApADDwAN8DAAAAAA
AJ8PBAAAAAQAAAAAAKEPHAAAAAEAAAAAABAICgACAAEABwABAAAAgAABAIAAAQAPAATwwgAAABIA
CvAIAAAABcQAAAAKAADjAAvwVAAAAH8AAAAEAIAADPO6AIUAAgAAAIcAAQAAAIABBwAAAIEBBwAA
CIMBAAAACIsBAACm/4wBZAAAAL8BFAAUAMABAQAACP8BAAAIAAECAgAACAQDAwAAABMAIvEGAAAA
vwMAAAAEAAAQ8AgAAAAOAm4CaQM5Aw8ADfAwAAAAAACfDwQAAAAEAAAAAAChDxwAAAABAAAAAAAQ
CAoAAgABAAcAAQAAAIAAAQCAAAEADwAE8LwAAAASAArwCAAAAAbEAAAACgAA0wAL8E4AAAB/AAAA
BACAADD1ugCFAAIAAACHAAEAAACAAQcAAACBAQYAAAiDAQAAAAiLAQAA0/+/ARQAFADAAQEAAAj/
AQAACAABAgIAAAgEAwMAAAATACLxBgAAAL8DAAAABAAAEPAIAAAA4AFXANUB6gIPAA3wMAAAAAAA
nw8EAAAABAAAAAAAoQ8cAAAAAQAAAAAAEAgKAAIAAQAHAAEAAACAAAEAgAABAA8ABPCqAAAAEgAK
8AgAAAAHxAAAAAoAAKMAC/A8AAAAfwAAAAQAgAB4+LoAhQACAAAAhwABAAAAgQECAAAIvwEQABAA
wAEBAAAI/wEAAAgAAQICAAAIBAMCAAAAEwAi8QYAAAC/AwAAAAQAABDwCAAAAMAACAIeAlcDDwAN
8DAAAAAAAJ8PBAAAAAQAAAAAAKEPHAAAAAEAAAAAABAICgACAAEABwABAAAAgAABAIAAAQAPAATw
5gAAABIACvAIAAAACMQAAAAKAABDAQvweAAAAH8AAAAEAIAAzPy6AIUAAgAAAIcAAQAAAL8AAAAP
AD8BAAAGAIABBwAAAIEBAgAACIMBAAAACIsBAACm/4wBZAAAAL8BHAAeAMABAQAACP8BBgAOAAEC
AgAACD8CAAADAL8CAQAPAP8CFgAfAAQDAgAAAH8DAAAPABMAIvEGAAAAvwMAAgCGAAAQ8AgAAACy
Ai4BHBfGAg8ADfAwAAAAAACfDwQAAAAEAAAAAAChDxwAAAABAAAAAAAQCAoAAgABAAcAAQAAAIAA
AQCAAAEADwAE8OAAAAASAArwCAAAAAnEAAAACgAAkwAL8DYAAAB/AAEABQCAAKD+ugCHAAIAAACB
AQQAAAiDAQAAAAi/AQEAEQDAAQEAAAj/AQEACQABAgIAAAgTACLxBgAAAL8DAAAABAAAEPAIAAAA
wAARA9gXEAIPABHwEAAAAAAAwwsIAAAAAAAAAAEAugAPAA3wVAAAAAAAnw8EAAAAAAAAAAAAqA8g
AAAAQ2xpY2sgdG8gZWRpdCBNYXN0ZXIgdGl0bGUgc3R5bGUAAKIPBgAAACEAAAAAAAAAqg8KAAAA
IQAAAAEAAAAAAA8ABPAkAQAAEgAK8AgAAAAKxAAAAAoAAIMAC/AwAAAAfwABAAUAgACgANACgQEE
AAAIgwEAAAAIvwEBABEAwAEBAAAI/wEBAAkAAQICAAAIEwAi8QYAAAC/AwAAAAQAABDwCAAAAPAD
wACgF2APDwAR8BAAAAAAAMMLCAAAAAEAAAACALoADwAN8J4AAAAAAJ8PBAAAAAEAAAAAAKgPUgAA
AENsaWNrIHRvIGVkaXQgTWFzdGVyIHRleHQgc3R5bGVzDVNlY29uZCBsZXZlbA1UaGlyZCBsZXZl
bA1Gb3VydGggbGV2ZWwNRmlmdGggbGV2ZWwAAKIPHgAAACEAAAAAAA0AAAABAAwAAAACAA0AAAAD
AAwAAAAEAAAAqg8KAAAAUwAAAAEAAAAAAA8ABPDyAAAAEgAK8AgAAAALxAAAAAoAAJMAC/A2AAAA
fwABAAUAgADABdAChwACAAAAgQEEAAAIgwEAAAAIvwEBABEAwAEBAAAI/wEBAAkAAQICAAAIEwAi
8QYAAAC/AwAAAAQAABDwCAAAAJAPwAAACbAQDwAR8BAAAAAAAMMLCAAAAAIAAAAHAdACDwAN8GYA
AAAAAJ8PBAAAAAQAAAAAAKgPLgAAAFNhc3NhbiBBaG1hZGksIE5va2lhIEluYy4gVVNBICAgICAg
ICAgTWF5IDIwMDQAAKEPHAAAAC8AAAAAABAACgACAAcALwAAAAEAAwABAAEACgAPAATw0gAAABIA
CvAIAAAADMQAAAAKAACTAAvwNgAAAH8AAQAFAIAAaArQAocAAgAAAIEBBAAACIMBAAAACL8BAQAR
AMABAQAACP8BAQAJAAECAgAACBMAIvEGAAAAvwMAAAAEAAAQ8AgAAACQD/AIqBCwEA8AEfAQAAAA
AADDCwgAAAADAAAACQLQAg8ADfBGAAAAAACfDwQAAAAEAAAAAACgDwIAAAAqAAAAoQ8cAAAAAgAA
AAAAEAgKAAIAAQAHAAIAAAAAAAMAAQAOAAAA+g8EAAAAAAAAAA8ABPDSAAAAEgAK8AgAAAANxAAA
AAoAAJMAC/A2AAAAfwABAAUAgADYDtAChwACAAAAgQEEAAAIgwEAAAAIvwEBABEAwAEBAAAI/wEB
AAkAAQICAAAIEwAi8QYAAAC/AwAAAAQAABDwCAAAAJAPFBIoF7AQDwAR8BAAAAAAAMMLCAAAAAQA
AAAIAtACDwAN8EYAAAAAAJ8PBAAAAAQAAAAAAKAPAgAAACoAAAChDxwAAAACAAAAAAAQCAoAAgAC
AAcAAgAAAAAAAwABAA4AAADYDwQAAAAAAAAADwAE8EIAAAASAArwCAAAAAHEAAAADAAAcwAL8CoA
AACBAQAAAAiTAR5AlwCUAd69aAC/AR4AHwD/AQAACAAEAwkAAAA/AwEAAQAQAPAHIAAAAP///wAA
AAAAHBwcADMzmQAA5KgA/88BAP8AAAAzM8wAIAC6DwwAAABCAGwAZQBuAGQAcwAPAO4DMQoAAAIA
7wMYAAAAAgAAAAMEBwkIAAAAAQAAgAAAAAAAAAAADwAMBOEJAAAPAALw2QkAAEAACPAIAAAAEAAA
ABDIAAAPAAPwdwkAAA8ABPAoAAAAAQAJ8BAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAgAK8AgAAAAAyAAA
BQAAAA8AA/DUBAAADwAE8FoAAAABAAnwEAAAAAAAAAAABgAAKxYAAJcIAAACAArwCAAAAALIAAAB
AgAAIwAL8AwAAAAEAAAAAACIAwAAAAATACLxBgAAAL8DAAAABAAAEPAIAAAAAAYAAAQYlwgPAAPw
YgEAAA8ABPBiAAAAAQAJ8BAAAADQAgAAUAEAAEAFAAAAAwAAAgAK8AgAAAADyAAAAwIAACMAC/AM
AAAABAAAAAAAiAMAAAAAEwAi8QYAAAC/AwAAAAQAAA/wEAAAALcAAABEBgAAdwIAAG8HAAAPAATw
aAAAABIACvAIAAAABMgAAAIKAABzAAvwKgAAAIUAAgAAAIcAAQAAAIEBBwAACL8BEAAQAMABAQAA
CP8BAAAIAAECAgAACBMAIvEGAAAAvwMAAAAEAAAP8BAAAADQAgAAUAEAAFAEAAAAAwAADwAE8IAA
AAASAArwCAAAAAXIAAACCgAAswAL8EIAAACFAAIAAACHAAEAAACAAQcAAACBAQcAAAiDAQAAAAiL
AQAApv+MAWQAAAC/ARQAFADAAQEAAAj/AQAACAABAgIAAAgTACLxBgAAAL8DAAAABAAAD/AQAAAA
IAQAAFABAABABQAAAAMAAA8AA/BiAQAADwAE8GIAAAABAAnwEAAAAJADAABQCgAAMAYAAAAMAAAC
AArwCAAAAAbIAAADAgAAIwAL8AwAAAAEAAAAAACIAwAAAAATACLxBgAAAL8DAAAABAAAD/AQAAAA
BQEAAE4HAADWAgAAeQgAAA8ABPBoAAAAEgAK8AgAAAAHyAAAAgoAAHMAC/AqAAAAhQACAAAAhwAB
AAAAgQEFAAAIvwEQABAAwAEBAAAI/wEAAAgAAQICAAAIEwAi8QYAAAC/AwAAAAQAAA/wEAAAAJAD
AABQCgAAEAUAAAAMAAAPAATwgAAAABIACvAIAAAACMgAAAIKAACzAAvwQgAAAIUAAgAAAIcAAQAA
AIABBwAAAIEBBQAACIMBAAAACIsBAACm/4wBZAAAAL8BFAAUAMABAQAACP8BAAAIAAECAgAACBMA
IvEGAAAAvwMAAAAEAAAP8BAAAADgBAAAUAoAADAGAAAADAAADwAE8HoAAAASAArwCAAAAAnIAAAC
CgAAowAL8DwAAACFAAIAAACHAAEAAACAAQcAAACBAQYAAAiDAQAAAAiLAQAA0/+/ARQAFADAAQEA
AAj/AQAACAABAgIAAAgTACLxBgAAAL8DAAAABAAAD/AQAAAAAAAAACAHAABhAQAAKggAAA8ABPBo
AAAAEgAK8AgAAAAKyAAAAgoAAHMAC/AqAAAAhQACAAAAhwABAAAAgQECAAAIvwEQABAAwAECAAAI
/wEAAAgAAQICAAAIEwAi8QYAAAC/AwAAAAQAAA/wEAAAAJABAAAABgAApAEAAJcIAAAPAATwpAAA
ABIACvAIAAAAC8gAAIIKAAATAQvwZgAAAIUAAgAAAIcAAQAAAL8AAAAPAD8BAAAGAIABBwAAAIEB
AgAACIMBAAAACIsBAACm/4wBZAAAAL8BHAAeAMABAQAACP8BBgAOAAECAgAACD8CAAADAL8CAQAP
AP8CFgAfAH8DAAAPABMAIvEGAAAAvwMAAgCGAAAP8BAAAADHAAAABggAACsWAAApCAAADwAE8OYA
AAASAArwCAAAAAzIAAAACgAAowAL8DwAAAB/AAEABQCAAGiD0gKHAAIAAACBAQQAAAiDAQAAAAi/
AQEAEQDAAQEAAAj/AQEACQABAgIAAAg/AgAAAgATACLxBgAAAL8DAAAABAAAEPAIAAAAgASkAlwX
UAcPABHwEAAAAAAAwwsIAAAAAAAAAAMA0gIPAA3wVAAAAAAAnw8EAAAABgAAAAAAqA8gAAAAQ2xp
Y2sgdG8gZWRpdCBNYXN0ZXIgdGl0bGUgc3R5bGUAAKIPBgAAACEAAAAAAAAAqg8KAAAAIQAAAAEA
AAAAAA8ABPDdAAAAEgAK8AgAAAANyAAAAAoAAIMAC/AwAAAAfwABAAUAgADIhdICgQEEAAAIgwEA
AAAIvwEBABEAwAEBAAAI/wEBAAkAAQICAAAIEwAi8QYAAAC/AwAAAAQAABDwCAAAAJAJqAO4FOAN
DwAR8BAAAAAAAMMLCAAAAAEAAAAEANICDwAN8FcAAAAAAJ8PBAAAAAUAAAAAAKgPIwAAAENsaWNr
IHRvIGVkaXQgTWFzdGVyIHN1YnRpdGxlIHN0eWxlAACiDwYAAAAkAAAAAAAAAKoPCgAAACQAAAAB
AAAAAAAPAATw1AAAABIACvAIAAAADsgAAAAKAACTAAvwNgAAAH8AAQAFAIAATIrSAocAAgAAAIEB
BAAACIMBAAAACL8BAQARAMABAQAACP8BAQAJAAECAgAACBMAIvEGAAAAvwMAAAAEAAAQ8AgAAABg
D6QCuAeAEA8AEfAQAAAAAADDCwgAAAACAAAABwHSAg8ADfBIAAAAAACfDwQAAAAEAAAAAACgDwIA
AAAqAAAAoQ8eAAAAAgAAAAAAEAAKAAIABwACAAAAAAAHAAIADgAAAAACAAD4DwQAAAAAAAAADwAE
8NYAAAASAArwCAAAAA/IAAAACgAAkwAL8DYAAAB/AAEABQCAABCO0gKHAAIAAACBAQQAAAiDAQAA
AAi/AQEAEQDAAQEAAAj/AQEACQABAgIAAAgTACLxBgAAAL8DAAAABAAAEPAIAAAAYA8kCdwQgBAP
ABHwEAAAAAAAwwsIAAAAAwAAAAkC0gIPAA3wSgAAAAAAnw8EAAAABAAAAAAAoA8CAAAAKgAAAKEP
IAAAAAIAAAAAABAICgACAAEABwACAAAAAAAHAAIADgAAAAACAAD6DwQAAAAAAAAADwAE8NYAAAAS
AArwCAAAABDIAAAACgAAkwAL8DYAAAB/AAEABQCAAIyR0gKHAAIAAACBAQQAAAiDAQAAAAi/AQEA
EQDAAQEAAAj/AQEACQABAgIAAAgTACLxBgAAAL8DAAAABAAAEPAIAAAAYA9IElwXgBAPABHwEAAA
AAAAwwsIAAAABAAAAAgC0gIPAA3wSgAAAAAAnw8EAAAABAAAAAAAoA8CAAAAKgAAAKEPIAAAAAIA
AAAAABAICgACAAIABwACAAAAAAAHAAIADgAAAAACAADYDwQAAAAAAAAADwAE8EIAAAASAArwCAAA
AAHIAAAADAAAcwAL8CoAAACBAQAAAAiTAR5AlwCUAd69aAC/AR4AHwD/AQAACAAEAwkAAAA/AwEA
AQAQAPAHIAAAAP///wAAAAAAHBwcADMzmQAA5KgA/88BAP8AAAAzM8wADwDwA4MCAAABAPEDCAAA
AAEAAIAAAAcwDwAMBEMCAAAPAALwOwIAAOAACPAIAAAAAwAAAAMIAAAPAAPw2QEAAA8ABPAoAAAA
AQAJ8BAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAgAK8AgAAAAACAAABQAAAA8ABPApAQAAEgAK8AgAAAAC
CAAAAAoAAPMAC/BaAAAAfwABAAEAgADYqHUDgQBmXQEAggCiqwAAgwBmXQEAhACiqwAAvwAQAB8A
gQEAAAAIgwEAAAAIvwEBABEAwAEBAAAIywGcMQAA/wEBAAkAAQICAAAIPwIAAAIAAAAQ8AgAAABl
CzUCWg40Fg8AEfAQAAAAAADDCwgAAAADAAAABgJ1Aw8ADfCHAAAAAACfDwQAAAACAAAAAACoDzsA
AABCb2R5IFRleHQNU2Vjb25kIExldmVsDVRoaXJkIExldmVsDUZvdXJ0aCBMZXZlbA1GaWZ0aCBM
ZXZlbAAAog8eAAAACgAAAAAADQAAAAEADAAAAAIADQAAAAMADAAAAAQAAACqDwoAAAA8AAAAAQAA
AAAADwAE8HAAAAASAArwCAAAAAMIAAAACgAAgwAL8DAAAAB/AAQABACHAAEAAAB/AQAAAQC/AQEA
EQDAAQEAAAjLAZwxAAD/AQgACQA/AgEAAwAAABDwCAAAABQCPAJTDnQKDwAR8BAAAAAAAMMLCAAA
AAIAAAAFAHUDDwAE8EIAAAASAArwCAAAAAEIAAAADAAAcwAL8CoAAACBAQAAAAiTAZPHZgCUAfpX
lAC/ARIAEgD/AQAACAAEAwkAAAA/AwEAAQAQAPAHIAAAAP///wAAAAAAkZGRAAAAAABhj/0AAK4A
APwBKADOzs4ADwDJD8oAAAAPAAwEmgAAAA8AAvCSAAAA0AAI8AgAAAABAAAAAQwAAA8AA/AwAAAA
DwAE8CgAAAABAAnwEAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAWAACAArwCAAAAAAMAAAFAAAADwAE8EIAAAAS
AArwCAAAAAEMAAAADAAAcwAL8CoAAACBAQAAAAiTAZPHZgCUAfpXlAC/ARIAEgD/AQAACAAEAwkA
AAA/AwEAAQAQAPAHIAAAAP///wAAAAAAkZGRAAAAAABhj/0AAK4AAPwBKADOzs4ADwDuAwAEAAAC
AO8DGAAAAAAAAAAPEAAAAAAAAAIAAIAAAAAABwAAAA8ADASwAwAADwAC8KgDAAAwAAjwCAAAAAQA
AAA+UAAADwAD8EADAAAPAATwKAAAAAEACfAQAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAIACvAIAAAAAFAA
AAUAAAAPAATweAAAABIACvAIAAAAHlAAACACAABjAAvwJAAAAAQAAAAAAH8AAAAEAIAAkJ3SAr8B
AAABAP8BAAABAAEDDMgAAAAAEPAIAAAAgASkAlwXUAcPABHwEAAAAAAAwwsIAAAAAAAAAA8A0gIP
AA3wDAAAAAAAng8EAAAAAAAAAA8ABPB4AAAAEgAK8AgAAAAkUAAAIAIAAGMAC/AkAAAABAAAAAAA
fwAAAAQAgABMntICvwEAAAEA/wEAAAEAAQMNyAAAAAAQ8AgAAACQCagDuBTgDQ8AEfAQAAAAAADD
CwgAAAABAAAAEADSAg8ADfAMAAAAAACeDwQAAAABAAAADwAE8AgCAACiDArwCAAAAD5QAAAACgAA
AwEL8GAAAACAACyr0gKFAAIAAACHAAYAAAC/AAIADwCBAQQAAAiDAQAAAAi/AQwAHgDAAQEAAAj/
AQYADgABAgIAAAg/AgAAAwC/AgEADwD/AhYAHwB/AxAAPwCEAwAAAACGAwAAAAAAABDwCAAAADYO
2AGAFqQPDwAN8HgBAAAAAJ8PBAAAAAQAAAAAAKgPngAAAEZvciBtb3JlIGluZm9ybWF0aW9uIHBs
ZWFzZSByZWZlciB0byBkcmFmdC1haG1hZGktYXZ0LXJ0cC12bXItd2ItMDEudHh0DWFuZCBWTVIt
V0Igc3BlY2lmaWNhdGlvbiBhdCBmdHA6Ly9mdHAuM2dwcDIub3JnL1YmVi9DLlAwMDUyLTBfdjAu
Ml9WTVItV0JfViZWX1RleHQuemlwAAChD3AAAACfAAAAAAAQAAoAAgAHACUAAAABAEcAAQABAAEA
EAAAAAAHIwAAAAEAZwABAAEAAQABAA4A91FR/hwAAAABAGcAAQABAAEAAQAQAAAAAAc6AAAAAQBn
AAEAAQABAAEADgD3UVH+AQAAAAAAQQABAAEADwDyDxgAAAAAAPMPEAAAAAAAAAAJAAAABAAAAAi7
BzAAAN8PCAAAAGQAAACeAAAAAACmDxYAAADxHgAA4AFoAWgB0ALQAjgEOASgBaAFDwAE8EgAAAAS
AArwCAAAAAFQAAAADAAAgwAL8DAAAACBAQAAAAiDAQUAAAiTAR5AlwCUAd69aAC/ARIAEgD/AQAA
CAAEAwkAAAA/AwEAAQAQAPAHIAAAAP///wAAAAAAkZGRAAAAAABhj/0AAK4AAPwBKADOzs4ADwDu
A+oBAAACAO8DGAAAAAEAAAANDgAAAAAAAAEAAIAAAAAABwAAAA8ADASaAQAADwAC8JIBAABQAAjw
CAAAAAMAAAAD5AAADwAD8CoBAAAPAATwKAAAAAEACfAQAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAIACvAI
AAAAAOQAAAUAAAAPAATweAAAABIACvAIAAAAAuQAACACAABjAAvwJAAAAAQAAAAAAH8AAAAEAIAA
5CzZAr8BAAABAP8BAAABAAEDCcQAAAAAEPAIAAAAwAARA9gXEAIPABHwEAAAAAAAwwsIAAAAAAAA
AA0A2QIPAA3wDAAAAAAAng8EAAAAAAAAAA8ABPByAAAAEgAK8AgAAAAD5AAAIAIAAFMAC/AeAAAA
fwAAAAQAgAB0LdkCvwEAAAEA/wEAAAEAAQMKxAAAAAAQ8AgAAADwA8AAoBdgDw8AEfAQAAAAAADD
CwgAAAABAAAADgDZAg8ADfAMAAAAAACeDwQAAAABAAAADwAE8EgAAAASAArwCAAAAAHkAAAADAAA
gwAL8DAAAACBAQAAAAiDAQUAAAiTAR5AlwCUAd69aAC/ARIAEgD/AQAACAAEAwkAAAA/AwEAAQAQ
APAHIAAAAP///wAAAAAAHBwcADMzmQAA5KgA/88BAP8AAAAzM8wADwDuAxwCAAACAO8DGAAAAAEA
AAANDgAAAAAAAAEAAIAAAAAABwAAAA8ADATMAQAADwAC8MQBAABgAAjwCAAAAAMAAAADEAEADwAD
8FwBAAAPAATwKAAAAAEACfAQAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAIACvAIAAAAABABAAUAAAAPAATw
fgAAABIACvAIAAAAAhABACACAABzAAvwKgAAAAQAAAAAAH8AAAAEAIAA1BrZAr8BAAABAP8BAAAB
AAEDCcQAAIgDAAAAAAAAEPAIAAAAwAARA9gXEAIPABHwEAAAAAAAwwsIAAAAAAAAAA0A2QIPAA3w
DAAAAAAAng8EAAAAAAAAAA8ABPCeAAAAEgAK8AgAAAADEAEAIAIAAHMAC/AqAAAABAAAAAAAfwAA
AAQAgACwTtkCvwEAAAEA/wEAAAEAAQMKxAAAiAMAAAAAAAAQ8AgAAADwA8AAoBdgDw8AEfAQAAAA
AADDCwgAAAABAAAADgDZAg8ADfAsAAAAAACeDwQAAAABAAAAAACmDxgAAAD5HgAA4AGxAKQBKQHT
AlgCcQTCA6AF7wQPAATwSAAAABIACvAIAAAAARABAAAMAACDAAvwMAAAAIEBAAAACIMBBQAACJMB
HkCXAJQB3r1oAL8BEgASAP8BAAAIAAQDCQAAAD8DAQABABAA8AcgAAAA////AAAAAACRkZEAAAAA
AGGP/QAArgAA/AEoAM7OzgAPAO4DHAIAAAIA7wMYAAAAAQAAAA0OAAAAAAAAAQAAgAAAAAAHAAAA
DwAMBMwBAAAPAALwxAEAAHAACPAIAAAAAwAAAAMUAQAPAAPwXAEAAA8ABPAoAAAAAQAJ8BAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAgAK8AgAAAAAFAEABQAAAA8ABPB+AAAAEgAK8AgAAAACFAEAIAIAAHMA
C/AqAAAABAAAAAAAfwAAAAQAgADYVNkCvwEAAAEA/wEAAAEAAQMJxAAAiAMAAAAAAAAQ8AgAAADA
ABED2BcQAg8AEfAQAAAAAADDCwgAAAAAAAAADQDZAg8ADfAMAAAAAACeDwQAAAAAAAAADwAE8J4A
AAASAArwCAAAAAMUAQAgAgAAcwAL8CoAAAAEAAAAAAB/AAAABACAAGBa2QK/AQAAAQD/AQAAAQAB
AwrEAACIAwAAAAAAABDwCAAAAPADwACgF2APDwAR8BAAAAAAAMMLCAAAAAEAAAAOANkCDwAN8CwA
AAAAAJ4PBAAAAAEAAAAAAKYPGAAAAPkeAADgAbEApAEpAdMCWAJxBMIDoAXvBA8ABPBIAAAAEgAK
8AgAAAABFAEAAAwAAIMAC/AwAAAAgQEAAAAIgwEFAAAIkwEeQJcAlAHevWgAvwESABIA/wEAAAgA
BAMJAAAAPwMBAAEAEADwByAAAAD///8AAAAAAJGRkQAAAAAAYY/9AACuAAD8ASgAzs7OAA8A7gP8
KAAAAgDvAxgAAAABAAAADRUAAAAAAAABAACAAAAAAAcAAAAPAAwErCgAAA8AAvCkKAAAgAAI8AgA
AAA1AAAAUAwBAA8AA/A8KAAADwAE8CgAAAABAAnwEAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAACAArwCAAA
AAAMAQAFAAAADwAE8H4AAAASAArwCAAAAAIMAQAgAgAAcwAL8CoAAAAEAAAAAAB/AAAABACAAHx+
2QK/AQAAAQD/AQAAAQABAwnEAACIAwAAAAAAABDwCAAAAMAAEQPYFxACDwAR8BAAAAAAAMMLCAAA
AAAAAAANANkCDwAN8AwAAAAAAJ4PBAAAAAAAAAAPAAPwWCYAAA8ABPB6AAAAAQAJ8BAAAADgAQAA
rgMAAIAWAABJDgAAAgAK8AgAAABQDAEAAQIAAAMAC/AAAAAAIwAi8TIAAACfAwMAAACgwyYAAAAI
AAgABABCAQAATQEAAE0BAABOAQAAlgEAAEIBAABOAQAAQgEAAAAAEPAIAAAArgPgAYAWSQ4PAATw
2gAAABIACvAIAAAABAwBAAIKAACzAAvwQgAAAH8AAAAEAIAAGIjZAocABAAAAL8AAAACAIEB/5nM
AL8BEQAVAMABAQAACMsBnDEAAP8BAAAIAAECAgAACD8CAAACAAAAD/AQAAAALwsAAAQNAAATDgAA
SQ4AAA8ADfBgAAAAAACfDwQAAAAHAAAAAACoDwYAAAA2LjIxMDkAAKEPHgAAAAcAAAAAAAEIAAAO
AAEABwAAAAAAYwAEAAEABAAOAAAApg8YAAAA+R4AAOABAAApASkBWAJYAsIDwgPvBO8EDwAE8NoA
AAASAArwCAAAAAUMAQACCgAAswAL8EIAAAB/AAAABACAAPSP2QKHAAQAAAC/AAAAAgCBAf+ZzAC/
AREAFQDAAQEAAAjLAZwxAAD/AQAACAABAgIAAAg/AgAAAgAAAA/wEAAAAC8LAAC2CwAAEw4AAAQN
AAAPAA3wYAAAAAAAnw8EAAAABwAAAAAAqA8GAAAANy41Mjc2AAChDx4AAAAHAAAAAAABCAAADgAB
AAcAAAAAAGMABAABAAQADgAAAKYPGAAAAPkeAADgAQAAKQEpAVgCWALCA8ID7wTvBA8ABPDaAAAA
EgAK8AgAAAAGDAEAAgoAALMAC/BCAAAAfwAAAAQAgACIl9kChwAEAAAAvwAAAAIAgQH/mcwAvwER
ABUAwAEBAAAIywGcMQAA/wEAAAgAAQICAAAIPwIAAAIAAAAP8BAAAAAvCwAAcQoAABMOAAC2CwAA
DwAN8GAAAAAAAJ8PBAAAAAcAAAAAAKgPBgAAADkuMDQzNQAAoQ8eAAAABwAAAAAAAQgAAA4AAQAH
AAAAAABjAAQAAQAEAA4AAACmDxgAAAD5HgAA4AEAACkBKQFYAlgCwgPCA+8E7wQPAATw2wAAABIA
CvAIAAAABwwBAAIKAACzAAvwQgAAAH8AAAAEAIAAvDTZAocABAAAAL8AAAACAIEB+v0AAL8BEQAV
AMABAQAACMsBnDEAAP8BAAAIAAECAgAACD8CAAACAAAAD/AQAAAALwsAANsIAAATDgAAcQoAAA8A
DfBhAAAAAACfDwQAAAAHAAAAAACoDwcAAAA5LjQ5MDUgAAChDx4AAAAIAAAAAAABCAAADgABAAgA
AAAAAGMABAABAAQADgAAAKYPGAAAAPkeAADgAQAAKQEpAVgCWALCA8ID7wTvBA8ABPDaAAAAEgAK
8AgAAAAIDAEAAgoAALMAC/BCAAAAfwAAAAQAgACMddkChwAEAAAAvwAAAAIAgQHM/zMAvwERABUA
wAEBAAAIywGcMQAA/wEAAAgAAQICAAAIPwIAAAIAAAAP8BAAAAAvCwAAjQcAABMOAADbCAAADwAN
8GAAAAAAAJ8PBAAAAAcAAAAAAKgPBgAAADYuMjg0NwAAoQ8eAAAABwAAAAAAAQgAAA4AAQAHAAAA
AABjAAQABQAEAA4AAACmDxgAAAD5HgAA4AEAACkBKQFYAlgCwgPCA+8E7wQPAATw2gAAABIACvAI
AAAACQwBAAIKAACzAAvwQgAAAH8AAAAEAIAAeHfZAocABAAAAL8AAAACAIEBzP8zAL8BEQAVAMAB
AQAACMsBnDEAAP8BAAAIAAECAgAACD8CAAACAAAAD/AQAAAALwsAAEAGAAATDgAAjQcAAA8ADfBg
AAAAAACfDwQAAAAHAAAAAACoDwYAAAA3LjY5MzAAAKEPHgAAAAcAAAAAAAEIAAAOAAEABwAAAAAA
YwAEAAUABAAOAAAApg8YAAAA+R4AAOABAAApASkBWAJYAsIDwgPvBO8EDwAE8NoAAAASAArwCAAA
AAoMAQACCgAAswAL8EIAAAB/AAAABACAAPB/0AKHAAQAAAC/AAAAAgCBAcz/MwC/AREAFQDAAQEA
AAjLAZwxAAD/AQAACAABAgIAAAg/AgAAAgAAAA/wEAAAAC8LAADzBAAAEw4AAEAGAAAPAA3wYAAA
AAAAnw8EAAAABwAAAAAAqA8GAAAAOS4xNDA0AAChDx4AAAAHAAAAAAABCAAADgABAAcAAAAAAGMA
BAAFAAQADgAAAKYPGAAAAPkeAADgAQAAKQEpAVgCWALCA8ID7wTvBA8ABPDqAAAAEgAK8AgAAAAL
DAEAAgoAALMAC/BCAAAAfwAAAAQAgAAsgtAChwAEAAAAvwAAAAIAgQH/mTMAvwERABUAwAEBAAAI
ywGcMQAA/wEAAAgAAQICAAAIPwIAAAIAAAAP8BAAAAAvCwAArgMAABMOAADzBAAADwAN8HAAAAAA
AJ8PBAAAAAcAAAAAAKgPGAAAAEF2ZXJhZ2UgRGF0YSBSYXRlIChrYnBzKQAAoQ8cAAAAGQAAAAAA
AQgAAA4AAQAZAAAAAABDAAQABAAOAAAApg8YAAAA+R4AAOABAAApASkBWAJYAsIDwgPvBO8EDwAE
8CEBAAASAArwCAAAABQMAQACCgAAswAL8EIAAAB/AAAABACAAHyC0AKHAAQAAAC/AAAAAgCBAfz+
uQC/AREAFQDAAQEAAAjLAZwxAAD/AQAACAABAgIAAAg/AgAAAgAAAA/wEAAAAOABAADzBAAAQAYA
AEkOAAAPAA3wpwAAAAAAnw8EAAAABwAAAAAAqA9NAAAADWNkbWEyMDAwriBSYXRlLVNldCBJSQ1S
YWRpbyBDb25maWd1cmF0aW9uIA00KHJldmVyc2UgbGluaykvDTUgKGZvcndhcmQgbGluaykAAKEP
HgAAAE4AAAAAAAEIAAAOAAEATgAAAAAAYwAEAAEABAAOAAAApg8YAAAA+R4AAOABAAApASkBWAJY
AsIDwgPvBO8EDwAE8OQAAAASAArwCAAAABUMAQACCgAAswAL8EIAAAB/AAAABACAAFiQ0AKHAAQA
AAC/AAAAAgCBAf+ZMwC/AREAFQDAAQEAAAjLAZwxAAD/AQAACAABAgIAAAg/AgAAAgAAAA/wEAAA
AOABAACuAwAAQAYAAPMEAAAPAA3wagAAAAAAnw8EAAAABwAAAAAAqA8SAAAAT3BlcmF0aW5nIFJh
dGUtU2V0AAChDxwAAAATAAAAAAABCAAADgABABMAAAAAAEMABAAEAA4AAACmDxgAAAD5HgAA4AEA
ACkBKQFYAlgCwgPCA+8E7wQPAATwGgEAABIACvAIAAAAFgwBAAIKAACzAAvwQgAAAH8AAAAEAIAA
2JHQAocABAAAAL8AAAACAIEB/5nMAL8BEQAVAMABAQAACMsBnDEAAP8BAAAIAAECAgAACD8CAAAC
AAAAD/AQAAAAEw4AAAQNAACAFgAASQ4AAA8ADfCgAAAAAACfDwQAAAAHAAAAAACoDzgAAABObyB3
b3JzZSB0aGFuIFRJQS9FSUEvSVMtODkzIE1vZGUgMiB1bmRlciBhbGwgY29uZGl0aW9ucwAAoQ8s
AAAAOQAAAAAAAQgAAA4AAQAJAAAAAABjAAQAAQAEAA4AMAAAAAAAQwAEAAQADgAAAKYPGAAAAPke
AADgAQAAKQEpAVgCWALCA8ID7wTvBA8ABPDcAAAAEgAK8AgAAAAYDAEAAgoAALMAC/BCAAAAfwAA
AAQAgAAAsNkChwAEAAAAvwAAAAIAgQH/mcwAvwERABUAwAEBAAAIywGcMQAA/wEAAAgAAQICAAAI
PwIAAAIAAAAP8BAAAACbCAAABA0AAC8LAABJDgAADwAN8GIAAAAAAJ8PBAAAAAcAAAAAAKgPCgAA
AE5hcnJvd2JhbmQAAKEPHAAAAAsAAAAAAAEIAAAOAAEACwAAAAAAQwAEAAQADgAAAKYPGAAAAPke
AADgAQAAKQEpAVgCWALCA8ID7wTvBA8ABPDTAAAAEgAK8AgAAAAZDAEAAgoAALMAC/BCAAAAfwAA
AAQAgACEvtkChwAEAAAAvwAAAAIAgQH/mcwAvwERABUAwAEBAAAIywGcMQAA/wEAAAgAAQICAAAI
PwIAAAIAAAAP8BAAAABABgAABA0AAJsIAABJDgAADwAN8FkAAAAAAJ8PBAAAAAcAAAAAAKgPAQAA
ADIAAKEPHAAAAAIAAAAAAAEIAAAOAAEAAgAAAAAAQwAEAAQADgAAAKYPGAAAAPkeAADgAQAAKQEp
AVgCWALCA8ID7wTvBA8ABPAaAQAAEgAK8AgAAAAaDAEAAgoAALMAC/BCAAAAfwAAAAQAgAC4xdkC
hwAEAAAAvwAAAAIAgQH/mcwAvwERABUAwAEBAAAIywGcMQAA/wEAAAgAAQICAAAIPwIAAAIAAAAP
8BAAAAATDgAAtgsAAIAWAAAEDQAADwAN8KAAAAAAAJ8PBAAAAAcAAAAAAKgPOAAAAE5vIHdvcnNl
IHRoYW4gVElBL0VJQS9JUy04OTMgTW9kZSAxIHVuZGVyIGFsbCBjb25kaXRpb25zAAChDywAAAA5
AAAAAAABCAAADgABAAgAAAAAAGMABAABAAQADgAxAAAAAABDAAQABAAOAAAApg8YAAAA+R4AAOAB
AAApASkBWAJYAsIDwgPvBO8EDwAE8NwAAAASAArwCAAAABwMAQACCgAAswAL8EIAAAB/AAAABACA
AOxf0AKHAAQAAAC/AAAAAgCBAf+ZzAC/AREAFQDAAQEAAAjLAZwxAAD/AQAACAABAgIAAAg/AgAA
AgAAAA/wEAAAAJsIAAC2CwAALwsAAAQNAAAPAA3wYgAAAAAAnw8EAAAABwAAAAAAqA8KAAAATmFy
cm93YmFuZAAAoQ8cAAAACwAAAAAAAQgAAA4AAQALAAAAAABDAAQABAAOAAAApg8YAAAA+R4AAOAB
AAApASkBWAJYAsIDwgPvBO8EDwAE8NMAAAASAArwCAAAAB0MAQACCgAAswAL8EIAAAB/AAAABACA
APjU2QKHAAQAAAC/AAAAAgCBAf+ZzAC/AREAFQDAAQEAAAjLAZwxAAD/AQAACAABAgIAAAg/AgAA
AgAAAA/wEAAAAEAGAAC2CwAAmwgAAAQNAAAPAA3wWQAAAAAAnw8EAAAABwAAAAAAqA8BAAAAMQAA
oQ8cAAAAAgAAAAAAAQgAAA4AAQACAAAAAABDAAQABAAOAAAApg8YAAAA+R4AAOABAAApASkBWAJY
AsIDwgPvBO8EDwAE8BoBAAASAArwCAAAAB4MAQACCgAAswAL8EIAAAB/AAAABACAAJze2QKHAAQA
AAC/AAAAAgCBAf+ZzAC/AREAFQDAAQEAAAjLAZwxAAD/AQAACAABAgIAAAg/AgAAAgAAAA/wEAAA
ABMOAABxCgAAgBYAALYLAAAPAA3woAAAAAAAnw8EAAAABwAAAAAAqA84AAAATm8gd29yc2UgdGhh
biBUSUEvRUlBL0lTLTg5MyBNb2RlIDAgdW5kZXIgYWxsIGNvbmRpdGlvbnMAAKEPLAAAADkAAAAA
AAEIAAAOAAEACAAAAAAAYwAEAAEABAAOADEAAAAAAEMABAAEAA4AAACmDxgAAAD5HgAA4AEAACkB
KQFYAlgCwgPCA+8E7wQPAATw3AAAABIACvAIAAAAIAwBAAIKAACzAAvwQgAAAH8AAAAEAIAA5ObZ
AocABAAAAL8AAAACAIEB/5nMAL8BEQAVAMABAQAACMsBnDEAAP8BAAAIAAECAgAACD8CAAACAAAA
D/AQAAAAmwgAAHEKAAAvCwAAtgsAAA8ADfBiAAAAAACfDwQAAAAHAAAAAACoDwoAAABOYXJyb3di
YW5kAAChDxwAAAALAAAAAAABCAAADgABAAsAAAAAAEMABAAEAA4AAACmDxgAAAD5HgAA4AEAACkB
KQFYAlgCwgPCA+8E7wQPAATw0wAAABIACvAIAAAAIQwBAAIKAACzAAvwQgAAAH8AAAAEAIAAcO7Z
AocABAAAAL8AAAACAIEB/5nMAL8BEQAVAMABAQAACMsBnDEAAP8BAAAIAAECAgAACD8CAAACAAAA
D/AQAAAAQAYAAHEKAACbCAAAtgsAAA8ADfBZAAAAAACfDwQAAAAHAAAAAACoDwEAAAAwAAChDxwA
AAACAAAAAAABCAAADgABAAIAAAAAAEMABAAEAA4AAACmDxgAAAD5HgAA4AEAACkBKQFYAlgCwgPC
A+8E7wQPAATwDwEAABIACvAIAAAAIgwBAAIKAACzAAvwQgAAAH8AAAAEAIAA+PbZAocABAAAAL8A
AAACAIEB+v0AAL8BEQAVAMABAQAACMsBnDEAAP8BAAAIAAECAgAACD8CAAACAAAAD/AQAAAAEw4A
ANsIAACAFgAAcQoAAA8ADfCVAAAAAACfDwQAAAAHAAAAAACoDzsAAABObyB3b3JzZSB0aGFuIDNH
UFAvQU1SLVdCIEAgMTIuNjUga2JwcyB1bmRlciBhbGwgY29uZGl0aW9ucwAAoQ8eAAAAPAAAAAAA
AQgAAA4AAQA8AAAAAABjAAQAAQAEAA4AAACmDxgAAAD5HgAA4AEAACkBKQFYAlgCwgPCA+8E7wQP
AATw2gAAABIACvAIAAAAJAwBAAIKAACzAAvwQgAAAH8AAAAEAIAAJAFwA4cABAAAAL8AAAACAIEB
+v0AAL8BEQAVAMABAQAACMsBnDEAAP8BAAAIAAECAgAACD8CAAACAAAAD/AQAAAAmwgAANsIAAAv
CwAAcQoAAA8ADfBgAAAAAACfDwQAAAAHAAAAAACoDwgAAABXaWRlYmFuZAAAoQ8cAAAACQAAAAAA
AQgAAA4AAQAJAAAAAABDAAQABAAOAAAApg8YAAAA+R4AAOABAAApASkBWAJYAsIDwgPvBO8EDwAE
8P8AAAASAArwCAAAACUMAQACCgAAswAL8EIAAAB/AAAABACAAAgKcAOHAAQAAAC/AAAAAgCBAfr9
AAC/AREAFQDAAQEAAAjLAZwxAAD/AQAACAABAgIAAAg/AgAAAgAAAA/wEAAAAEAGAADbCAAAmwgA
AHEKAAAPAA3whQAAAAAAnw8EAAAABwAAAAAAqA8bAAAAMw1JbnRlcm9wZXJhYmxlIHdpdGggQU1S
LVdCAAChDy4AAAAcAAAAAAABCAAADgABAAIAAAAAAEMABAAEAA4AGgAAAAAARwAEAAQACgAAAAAG
AACmDxgAAAD5HgAA4AEAACkBKQFYAlgCwgPCA+8E7wQPAATwDgEAABIACvAIAAAAJgwBAAIKAACz
AAvwQgAAAH8AAAAEAIAAkBFwA4cABAAAAL8AAAACAIEBzP8zAL8BEQAVAMABAQAACMsBnDEAAP8B
AAAIAAECAgAACD8CAAACAAAAD/AQAAAAEw4AAI0HAACAFgAA2wgAAA8ADfCUAAAAAACfDwQAAAAH
AAAAAACoDzoAAABObyB3b3JzZSB0aGFuIDNHUFAvQU1SLVdCIEAgOC44NSBrYnBzIHVuZGVyIGFs
bCBjb25kaXRpb25zAAChDx4AAAA7AAAAAAABCAAADgABADsAAAAAAGMABAABAAQADgAAAKYPGAAA
APkeAADgAQAAKQEpAVgCWALCA8ID7wTvBA8ABPDaAAAAEgAK8AgAAAAoDAEAAgoAALMAC/BCAAAA
fwAAAAQAgADAGXADhwAEAAAAvwAAAAIAgQHM/zMAvwERABUAwAEBAAAIywGcMQAA/wEAAAgAAQIC
AAAIPwIAAAIAAAAP8BAAAACbCAAAjQcAAC8LAADbCAAADwAN8GAAAAAAAJ8PBAAAAAcAAAAAAKgP
CAAAAFdpZGViYW5kAAChDxwAAAAJAAAAAAABCAAADgABAAkAAAAAAEMABAAEAA4AAACmDxgAAAD5
HgAA4AEAACkBKQFYAlgCwgPCA+8E7wQPAATw0wAAABIACvAIAAAAKQwBAAIKAACzAAvwQgAAAH8A
AAAEAIAAdCFwA4cABAAAAL8AAAACAIEBzP8zAL8BEQAVAMABAQAACMsBnDEAAP8BAAAIAAECAgAA
CD8CAAACAAAAD/AQAAAAQAYAAI0HAACbCAAA2wgAAA8ADfBZAAAAAACfDwQAAAAHAAAAAACoDwEA
AAAyAAChDxwAAAACAAAAAAABCAAADgABAAIAAAAAAEMABAAEAA4AAACmDxgAAAD5HgAA4AEAACkB
KQFYAlgCwgPCA+8E7wQPAATwDwEAABIACvAIAAAAKgwBAAIKAACzAAvwQgAAAH8AAAAEAIAA/Clw
A4cABAAAAL8AAAACAIEBzP8zAL8BEQAVAMABAQAACMsBnDEAAP8BAAAIAAECAgAACD8CAAACAAAA
D/AQAAAAEw4AAEAGAACAFgAAjQcAAA8ADfCVAAAAAACfDwQAAAAHAAAAAACoDzsAAABObyB3b3Jz
ZSB0aGFuIDNHUFAvQU1SLVdCIEAgMTIuNjUga2JwcyB1bmRlciBhbGwgY29uZGl0aW9ucwAAoQ8e
AAAAPAAAAAAAAQgAAA4AAQA8AAAAAABjAAQAAQAEAA4AAACmDxgAAAD5HgAA4AEAACkBKQFYAlgC
wgPCA+8E7wQPAATw2gAAABIACvAIAAAALAwBAAIKAACzAAvwQgAAAH8AAAAEAIAApCtwA4cABAAA
AL8AAAACAIEBzP8zAL8BEQAVAMABAQAACMsBnDEAAP8BAAAIAAECAgAACD8CAAACAAAAD/AQAAAA
mwgAAEAGAAAvCwAAjQcAAA8ADfBgAAAAAACfDwQAAAAHAAAAAACoDwgAAABXaWRlYmFuZAAAoQ8c
AAAACQAAAAAAAQgAAA4AAQAJAAAAAABDAAQABAAOAAAApg8YAAAA+R4AAOABAAApASkBWAJYAsID
wgPvBO8EDwAE8NMAAAASAArwCAAAAC0MAQACCgAAswAL8EIAAAB/AAAABACAAGQ5cAOHAAQAAAC/
AAAAAgCBAcz/MwC/AREAFQDAAQEAAAjLAZwxAAD/AQAACAABAgIAAAg/AgAAAgAAAA/wEAAAAEAG
AABABgAAmwgAAI0HAAAPAA3wWQAAAAAAnw8EAAAABwAAAAAAqA8BAAAAMQAAoQ8cAAAAAgAAAAAA
AQgAAA4AAQACAAAAAABDAAQABAAOAAAApg8YAAAA+R4AAOABAAApASkBWAJYAsIDwgPvBO8EDwAE
8A8BAAASAArwCAAAAC4MAQACCgAAswAL8EIAAAB/AAAABACAAFw7cAOHAAQAAAC/AAAAAgCBAcz/
MwC/AREAFQDAAQEAAAjLAZwxAAD/AQAACAABAgIAAAg/AgAAAgAAAA/wEAAAABMOAADzBAAAgBYA
AEAGAAAPAA3wlQAAAAAAnw8EAAAABwAAAAAAqA87AAAATm8gd29yc2UgdGhhbiAzR1BQL0FNUi1X
QiBAIDE0LjI1IGticHMgdW5kZXIgYWxsIGNvbmRpdGlvbnMAAKEPHgAAADwAAAAAAAEIAAAOAAEA
PAAAAAAAYwAEAAEABAAOAAAApg8YAAAA+R4AAOABAAApASkBWAJYAsIDwgPvBO8EDwAE8NoAAAAS
AArwCAAAADAMAQACCgAAswAL8EIAAAB/AAAABACAANBDcAOHAAQAAAC/AAAAAgCBAcz/MwC/AREA
FQDAAQEAAAjLAZwxAAD/AQAACAABAgIAAAg/AgAAAgAAAA/wEAAAAJsIAADzBAAALwsAAEAGAAAP
AA3wYAAAAAAAnw8EAAAABwAAAAAAqA8IAAAAV2lkZWJhbmQAAKEPHAAAAAkAAAAAAAEIAAAOAAEA
CQAAAAAAQwAEAAQADgAAAKYPGAAAAPkeAADgAQAAKQEpAVgCWALCA8ID7wTvBA8ABPDTAAAAEgAK
8AgAAAAxDAEAAgoAALMAC/BCAAAAfwAAAAQAgAAYUnADhwAEAAAAvwAAAAIAgQHM/zMAvwERABUA
wAEBAAAIywGcMQAA/wEAAAgAAQICAAAIPwIAAAIAAAAP8BAAAABABgAA8wQAAJsIAABABgAADwAN
8FkAAAAAAJ8PBAAAAAcAAAAAAKgPAQAAADAAAKEPHAAAAAIAAAAAAAEIAAAOAAEAAgAAAAAAQwAE
AAQADgAAAKYPGAAAAPkeAADgAQAAKQEpAVgCWALCA8ID7wTvBA8ABPDZAAAAEgAK8AgAAAAyDAEA
AgoAALMAC/BCAAAAfwAAAAQAgABsWnADhwAEAAAAvwAAAAIAgQH/mTMAvwERABUAwAEBAAAIywGc
MQAA/wEAAAgAAQICAAAIPwIAAAIAAAAP8BAAAAATDgAArgMAAIAWAADzBAAADwAN8F8AAAAAAJ8P
BAAAAAcAAAAAAKgPBwAAAFF1YWxpdHkAAKEPHAAAAAgAAAAAAAEIAAAOAAEACAAAAAAAQwAEAAQA
DgAAAKYPGAAAAPkeAADgAQAAKQEpAVgCWALCA8ID7wTvBA8ABPDlAAAAEgAK8AgAAAA0DAEAAgoA
ALMAC/BCAAAAfwAAAAQAgACcYnADhwAEAAAAvwAAAAIAgQH/mTMAvwERABUAwAEBAAAIywGcMQAA
/wEAAAgAAQICAAAIPwIAAAIAAAAP8BAAAACbCAAArgMAAC8LAADzBAAADwAN8GsAAAAAAJ8PBAAA
AAcAAAAAAKgPEwAAAE9wZXJhdGlvbiBCYW5kd2lkdGgAAKEPHAAAABQAAAAAAAEIAAAOAAEAFAAA
AAAAQwAEAAQADgAAAKYPGAAAAPkeAADgAQAAKQEpAVgCWALCA8ID7wTvBA8ABPDWAAAAEgAK8AgA
AAA1DAEAAgoAALMAC/BCAAAAfwAAAAQAgABsanADhwAEAAAAvwAAAAIAgQH/mTMAvwERABUAwAEB
AAAIywGcMQAA/wEAAAgAAQICAAAIPwIAAAIAAAAP8BAAAABABgAArgMAAJsIAADzBAAADwAN8FwA
AAAAAJ8PBAAAAAcAAAAAAKgPBAAAAE1vZGUAAKEPHAAAAAUAAAAAAAEIAAAOAAEABQAAAAAAQwAE
AAQADgAAAKYPGAAAAPkeAADgAQAAKQEpAVgCWALCA8ID7wTvBA8ABPBgAAAAQgEK8AgAAAA2DAEA
AgoAAIMAC/AwAAAAvwEAABAAwAEBAAAIywGfbwAA1wEBAAAA/wEIAAoAAQICAAAIPwIAAAIAvwIA
AAgAAAAP8BAAAADgAQAArgMAAIAWAACuAwAADwAE8FoAAABCAQrwCAAAADcMAQACCgAAcwAL8CoA
AAC/AQAAEADAAQEAAAjLAZwxAAD/AQgACgABAgIAAAg/AgAAAgC/AgAACAAAAA/wEAAAAOABAADz
BAAAgBYAAPMEAAAPAATwYAAAAEIBCvAIAAAAOAwBAAIKAACDAAvwMAAAAL8BAAAQAMABAQAACMsB
n28AANcBAQAAAP8BCAAKAAECAgAACD8CAAACAL8CAAAIAAAAD/AQAAAA4AEAAEkOAACAFgAASQ4A
AA8ABPBgAAAAQgEK8AgAAAA5DAEAAgoAAIMAC/AwAAAAvwEAABAAwAEBAAAIywGfbwAA1wEBAAAA
/wEIAAoAAQICAAAIPwIAAAIAvwIAAAgAAAAP8BAAAADgAQAArgMAAOABAABJDgAADwAE8FoAAABC
AQrwCAAAADoMAQACCgAAcwAL8CoAAAC/AQAAEADAAQEAAAjLAZwxAAD/AQgACgABAgIAAAg/AgAA
AgC/AgAACAAAAA/wEAAAAJsIAACuAwAAmwgAAEkOAAAPAATwWgAAAEIBCvAIAAAAOwwBAAIKAABz
AAvwKgAAAL8BAAAQAMABAQAACMsBnDEAAP8BCAAKAAECAgAACD8CAAACAL8CAAAIAAAAD/AQAAAA
LwsAAK4DAAAvCwAASQ4AAA8ABPBgAAAAQgEK8AgAAAA9DAEAAgoAAIMAC/AwAAAAvwEAABAAwAEB
AAAIywGfbwAA1wEBAAAA/wEIAAoAAQICAAAIPwIAAAIAvwIAAAgAAAAP8BAAAACAFgAArgMAAIAW
AABJDgAADwAE8FoAAABCAQrwCAAAAD4MAQACCgAAcwAL8CoAAAC/AQAAEADAAQEAAAjLAZwxAAD/
AQgACgABAgIAAAg/AgAAAgC/AgAACAAAAA/wEAAAAEAGAABABgAAgBYAAEAGAAAPAATwWgAAAEIB
CvAIAAAAPwwBAAIKAABzAAvwKgAAAL8BAAAQAMABAQAACMsBnDEAAP8BCAAKAAECAgAACD8CAAAC
AL8CAAAIAAAAD/AQAAAAQAYAAI0HAACAFgAAjQcAAA8ABPBaAAAAQgEK8AgAAABADAEAAgoAAHMA
C/AqAAAAvwEAABAAwAEBAAAIywGcMQAA/wEIAAoAAQICAAAIPwIAAAIAvwIAAAgAAAAP8BAAAABA
BgAA2wgAAIAWAADbCAAADwAE8FoAAABCAQrwCAAAAEEMAQACCgAAcwAL8CoAAAC/AQAAEADAAQEA
AAjLAZwxAAD/AQgACgABAgIAAAg/AgAAAgC/AgAACAAAAA/wEAAAAEAGAABxCgAAgBYAAHEKAAAP
AATwWgAAAEIBCvAIAAAAQgwBAAIKAABzAAvwKgAAAL8BAAAQAMABAQAACMsBnDEAAP8BCAAKAAEC
AgAACD8CAAACAL8CAAAIAAAAD/AQAAAAQAYAALYLAACAFgAAtgsAAA8ABPBaAAAAQgEK8AgAAABD
DAEAAgoAAHMAC/AqAAAAvwEAABAAwAEBAAAIywGcMQAA/wEIAAoAAQICAAAIPwIAAAIAvwIAAAgA
AAAP8BAAAABABgAABA0AAIAWAAAEDQAADwAE8FoAAABCAQrwCAAAAEQMAQACCgAAcwAL8CoAAAC/
AQAAEADAAQEAAAjLAZwxAAD/AQgACgABAgIAAAg/AgAAAgC/AgAACAAAAA/wEAAAAEAGAACuAwAA
QAYAAEkOAAAPAATwWgAAAEIBCvAIAAAARgwBAAIKAABzAAvwKgAAAL8BAAAQAMABAQAACMsBnDEA
AP8BCAAKAAECAgAACD8CAAACAL8CAAAIAAAAD/AQAAAAEw4AAK4DAAATDgAASQ4AAA8ABPAeAQAA
ogwK8AgAAABIDAEAAAoAAKMAC/A8AAAAgABob3ADvwACAAIAgQEAAAAIgwEAAAAIvwEAABAAwAEB
AAAIywGcMQAA/wEAAAgAAQICAAAIPwIAAAIAAAAQ8AgAAABOD2AAsA3wDw8ADfCyAAAAAACfDwQA
AAAEAAAAAACoD1wAAABOb3RlOiBUaGUgYXZlcmFnZSBkYXRhIHJhdGVzIGZvciB0aGUgd2lkZWJh
bmQgYW5kIG5hcnJvd2JhbmQgb3BlcmF0aW9uIG9ubHkgc2xpZ2h0bHkgZGlmZmVyLgAAoQ8cAAAA
XQAAAAAAADgAAAEAWgAyAF0AAAAAAAMABAAMAAAApg8WAAAA8R4AAOABaAFoAdAC0AI4BDgEoAWg
BQ8ABPBIAAAAEgAK8AgAAAABDAEAAAwAAIMAC/AwAAAAgQEAAAAIgwEFAAAIkwEeQJcAlAHevWgA
vwESABIA/wEAAAgABAMJAAAAPwMBAAEAEADwByAAAAD///8AAAAAAJGRkQAAAAAAYY/9AACuAAD8
ASgAzs7OAA8A7gPqAQAAAgDvAxgAAAABAAAADQ4AAAAAAAABAACAAAAAAAcAAAAPAAwEmgEAAA8A
AvCSAQAAkAAI8AgAAAADAAAAAwgBAA8AA/AqAQAADwAE8CgAAAABAAnwEAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAACAArwCAAAAAAIAQAFAAAADwAE8HgAAAASAArwCAAAAAIIAQAgAgAAYwAL8CQAAAAEAAAA
AAB/AAAABACAADQz2QK/AQAAAQD/AQAAAQABAwnEAAAAABDwCAAAAMAAEQPYFxACDwAR8BAAAAAA
AMMLCAAAAAAAAAANANkCDwAN8AwAAAAAAJ4PBAAAAAAAAAAPAATwcgAAABIACvAIAAAAAwgBACAC
AABTAAvwHgAAAH8AAAAEAIAAEADZAr8BAAABAP8BAAABAAEDCsQAAAAAEPAIAAAA8APAAKAXYA8P
ABHwEAAAAAAAwwsIAAAAAQAAAA4A2QIPAA3wDAAAAAAAng8EAAAAAQAAAA8ABPBIAAAAEgAK8AgA
AAABCAEAAAwAAIMAC/AwAAAAgQEAAAAIgwEFAAAIkwEeQJcAlAHevWgAvwESABIA/wEAAAgABAMJ
AAAAPwMBAAEAEADwByAAAAD///8AAAAAABwcHAAzM5kAAOSoAP/PAQD/AAAAMzPMAA8A7gPuGAAA
AgDvAxgAAAABAAAADQ4AAAAAAAABAACAAAAAAAcAAAAPAAwEnhgAAA8AAvCWGAAAoAAI8AgAAAAd
AAAAHRgBAA8AA/AuGAAADwAE8CgAAAABAAnwEAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAACAArwCAAAAAAY
AQAFAAAADwAE8IgAAABCAQrwCAAAAAIYAQAACgAAAwEL8GAAAACFAAIAAAC/AAAADwBEAQQAAAB/
AQAAAQC/AQAAEADAAQEAAAjOAQgAAADWAQEAAAD/AR4AHgABAgIAAAg/AgAAAwC/AgEADwD/AhYA
HwB/AxAAPwCEAwAAAACGAwAAAAAAABDwCAAAAKACoA6gDjAPDwAE8IgAAABCAQrwCAAAAAMYAQAA
CgAAAwEL8GAAAACFAAIAAAC/AAAADwBEAQQAAAB/AQAAAQC/AQAAEADAAQEAAAjOAQgAAADWAQEA
AAD/AR4AHgABAgIAAAg/AgAAAwC/AgEADwD/AhYAHwB/AxAAPwCEAwAAAACGAwAAAAAAABDwCAAA
AKACMAkwCTAPDwAE8H4AAAASAArwCAAAAAQYAQAgAgAAcwAL8CoAAAAEAAAAAAB/AAAABACAAPim
cAO/AQAAAQD/AQAAAQABAwnEAACIAwAAAAAAABDwCAAAAMAAEQPYFxACDwAR8BAAAAAAAMMLCAAA
AAAAAAANAHADDwAN8AwAAAAAAJ4PBAAAAAAAAAAPAATwfgAAABIACvAIAAAABRgBACACAABzAAvw
KgAAAAQAAAAAAH8AAAAEAIAAtKdwA78BAAABAP8BAAABAAEDCsQAAIgDAAAAAAAAEPAIAAAA8APA
AKAXYA8PABHwEAAAAAAAwwsIAAAAAQAAAA4AcAMPAA3wDAAAAAAAng8EAAAAAQAAAA8ABPCCAAAA
EgAK8AgAAAAGGAEAAAoAAPMAC/BaAAAAhQACAAAAhwABAAAAvwAAAA8AgQH3/YMAvwEcAB4AwAEB
AAAIzgEGAAAA/wEOAA4AAQICAAAIPwIAAAMAvwIBAA8A/wIWAB8AfwMQAD8AhAMAAAAAhgMAAAAA
AAAQ8AgAAAAQBYATMBgADA8ABPCCAAAAEgAK8AgAAAAHGAEAAAoAAPMAC/BaAAAAhQACAAAAhwAB
AAAAvwAAAA8AgQH3/YMAvwEcAB4AwAEBAAAIzgEGAAAA/wEOAA4AAQICAAAIPwIAAAMAvwIBAA8A
/wIWAB8AfwMQAD8AhAMAAAAAhgMAAAAAAAAQ8AgAAAAQBTAA4AQADA8ABPDWAAAAEgAK8AgAAAAI
GAEAAAoAAPMAC/BaAAAAgACQqXADhQACAAAAhwABAAAAvwAAAA8AgQH0o1oAvwEcAB4AwAEBAAAI
/wEOAA4AAQICAAAIPwIAAAMAvwIBAA8A/wIWAB8AfwMQAD8AhAMAAAAAhgMAAAAAAAAQ8AgAAABw
BZAAgAQQCA8ADfBMAAAAAACfDwQAAAAEAAAAAACoDxQAAAAzR1BQMg1WTVItV0INRW5jb2RlcgAA
oQ8cAAAAFQAAAAAAEAgKAAIAAQAHABUAAAAAAAMAAgAQAA8ABPDWAAAAEgAK8AgAAAAJGAEAAAoA
APMAC/BaAAAAgACQrXADhQACAAAAhwABAAAAvwAAAA8AgQHrkeUAvwEcAB4AwAEBAAAI/wEOAA4A
AQICAAAIPwIAAAMAvwIBAA8A/wIWAB8AfwMQAD8AhAMAAAAAhgMAAAAAAAAQ8AgAAAAACZAAgASg
Cw8ADfBMAAAAAACfDwQAAAAEAAAAAACoDxQAAAAzR1BQMg1WTVItV0INRGVjb2RlcgAAoQ8cAAAA
FQAAAAAAEAgKAAIAAQAHABUAAAAAAAMAAgAQAA8ABPDVAAAAEgAK8AgAAAAKGAEAAAoAAPMAC/Ba
AAAAgADUrnADhQACAAAAhwABAAAAvwAAAA8AgQHk6QkAvwEcAB4AwAEBAAAI/wEOAA4AAQICAAAI
PwIAAAMAvwIBAA8A/wIWAB8AfwMQAD8AhAMAAAAAhgMAAAAAAAAQ8AgAAAAACeAT0BegCw8ADfBL
AAAAAACfDwQAAAAEAAAAAACoDxMAAAAzR1BQDUFNUi1XQg1FbmNvZGVyAAChDxwAAAAUAAAAAAAQ
CAoAAgABAAcAFAAAAAAAAwACABAADwAE8NUAAAASAArwCAAAAAsYAQAACgAA8wAL8FoAAACAACy2
cAOFAAIAAACHAAEAAAC/AAAADwCBARTQJgC/ARwAHgDAAQEAAAj/AQ4ADgABAgIAAAg/AgAAAwC/
AgEADwD/AhYAHwB/AxAAPwCEAwAAAACGAwAAAAAAABDwCAAAAHAF4BPQFxAIDwAN8EsAAAAAAJ8P
BAAAAAQAAAAAAKgPEwAAADNHUFANQU1SLVdCDURlY29kZXIAAKEPHAAAABQAAAAAABAICgACAAEA
BwAUAAAAAAADAAIAEAAPAATwHAEAAKIMCvAIAAAADBgBAAAKAAADAQvwYAAAAIAAyLRwA4UAAgAA
AIcABgAAAL8AAgAPAIEBBAAACIMBAAAACL8BDAAeAMABAQAACP8BBgAOAAECAgAACD8CAAADAL8C
AQAPAP8CFgAfAH8DEAA/AIQDAAAAAIYDAAAAAAAAEPAIAAAAawcTBWsIJQkPAA3wjAAAAAAAnw8E
AAAABAAAAAAAqA9EAAAAMTMuMy82LjIvMi43LzEuMCBrYnBzDXNvdXJjZSByYXRlDTE0LjQvNy4y
LzMuNi8xLjgga2Jwcw1DaGFubmVsIHJhdGUAAKEPLAAAAEUAAAAAABAICgACAAEABwAiAAAAAAAD
AAEACgAjAAAAAAAHAAEACgAAAAAGDwAE8OYAAACiDArwCAAAAA0YAQAACgAAAwEL8GAAAACAAGzB
cAOFAAIAAACHAAYAAAC/AAIADwCBAQQAAAiDAQAAAAi/AQwAHgDAAQEAAAj/AQYADgABAgIAAAg/
AgAAAwC/AgEADwD/AhYAHwB/AxAAPwCEAwAAAACGAwAAAAAAABDwCAAAAGEHyQ8hE1sIDwAN8FYA
AAAAAJ8PBAAAAAQAAAAAAKgPHgAAADEyLjY1LzguODUvNi42MCBrYnBzDStDTkcgSW5mbwAAoQ8c
AAAAHwAAAAAAEAgKAAIAAQAHAB8AAAAAAAMAAQAKAA8ABPAcAQAAogwK8AgAAAAOGAEAAAoAAAMB
C/BgAAAAgAAQxnADhQACAAAAhwAGAAAAvwACAA8AgQEEAAAIgwEAAAAIvwEMAB4AwAEBAAAI/wEG
AA4AAQICAAAIPwIAAAMAvwIBAA8A/wIWAB8AfwMQAD8AhAMAAAAAhgMAAAAAAAAQ8AgAAAD7ChMF
awi1DA8ADfCMAAAAAACfDwQAAAAEAAAAAACoD0QAAAAxMy4zLzYuMi8yLjcvMS4wIGticHMNc291
cmNlIHJhdGUNMTQuNC83LjIvMy42LzEuOCBrYnBzDUNoYW5uZWwgcmF0ZQAAoQ8sAAAARQAAAAAA
EAgKAAIAAQAHACIAAAAAAAMAAQAKACMAAAAAAAcAAQAKAAAAAAYPAATw5gAAAKIMCvAIAAAADxgB
AAAKAAADAQvwYAAAAIAAyMlwA4UAAgAAAIcABgAAAL8AAgAPAIEBBAAACIMBAAAACL8BDAAeAMAB
AQAACP8BBgAOAAECAgAACD8CAAADAL8CAQAPAP8CFgAfAH8DEAA/AIQDAAAAAIYDAAAAAAAAEPAI
AAAA8QrJDyET6wsPAA3wVgAAAAAAnw8EAAAABAAAAAAAqA8eAAAAMTIuNjUvOC44NS82LjYwIGti
cHMNK0NORyBJbmZvAAChDxwAAAAfAAAAAAAQCAoAAgABAAcAHwAAAAAAAwABAAoADwAE8PMAAADS
AArwCAAAABAYAQAACgAA8wAL8FoAAACAABTWcAOFAAIAAACHAAEAAAC/AAAADwCBAfxKLAC/ARwA
HgDAAQEAAAj/AQ4ADgABAgIAAAg/AgAAAwC/AgEADwD/AhYAHwB/AxAAPwCEAwAAAACGAwAAAAAA
ABDwCAAAAGAGgASgCCAHDwAN8GkAAAAAAJ8PBAAAAAQAAAAAAKgPEQAAAFZNUi1XQi9SVFAvVURQ
L0lQAAChDx4AAAASAAAAAAAQCAoAAgABAAcAEgAAAAEAAwABAAQACQAAAKYPFgAAAPEeAADgAWgB
aAHQAtACOAQ4BKAFoAUPAATw/QAAANIACvAIAAAAERgBAEAKAADzAAvwWgAAAIAAlL9wA4UAAgAA
AIcAAQAAAL8AAAAPAIEB/EosAL8BHAAeAMABAQAACP8BDgAOAAECAgAACD8CAAADAL8CAQAPAP8C
FgAfAH8DEAA/AIQDAAAAAIYDAAAAAAAAEPAIAAAA8AmABKAIsAoPAA3wcwAAAAAAnw8EAAAABAAA
AAAAqA8RAAAAVk1SLVdCL1JUUC9VRFAvSVAAAKEPKAAAABIAAAAAABAICgACAAEABwARAAAAAQAD
AAEABAAJAAEAAAAAAAIAFAAAAKYPFgAAAPEeAADgAWgBaAHQAtACOAQ4BKAFoAUPAATw1gAAAKIM
CvAIAAAAEhgBAAAKAAADAQvwYAAAAIAACOhwA4UAAgAAAIcABgAAAL8AAgAPAIEBBAAACIMBAAAA
CL8BDAAeAMABAQAACP8BBgAOAAECAgAACD8CAAADAL8CAQAPAP8CFgAfAH8DEAA/AIQDAAAAAIYD
AAAAAAAAEPAIAAAASAy9AFAEHA0PAA3wRgAAAAAAnw8EAAAABAAAAAAAqA8OAAAATW9iaWxlIFN0
YXRpb24AAKEPHAAAAA8AAAAAABAICgACAAEABwAPAAAAAAADAAIAEAAPAATw1AAAAKIMCvAIAAAA
ExgBAAAKAAADAQvwYAAAAIAACOxwA4UAAgAAAIcABgAAAL8AAgAPAIEBBAAACIMBAAAACL8BDAAe
AMABAQAACP8BBgAOAAECAgAACD8CAAADAL8CAQAPAP8CFgAfAH8DEAA/AIQDAAAAAIYDAAAAAAAA
EPAIAAAASAwQFKMXHA0PAA3wRAAAAAAAnw8EAAAABAAAAAAAqA8OAAAATW9iaWxlIFN0YXRpb24A
AKEPGgAAAA8AAAAAABAACgACAAcADwAAAAAAAwACABAADwAE8M4AAACiDArwCAAAABQYAQAACgAA
8wAL8FoAAACAAPxP2QKFAAIAAACHAAYAAAC/AAIADwCBAf9mAAC/ARwAHgDAAQEAAAj/AQ4ADgAB
AgIAAAg/AgAAAwC/AgEADwD/AhYAHwB/AxAAPwCEAwAAAACGAwAAAAAAABDwCAAAAC8NIAtTDXsO
DwAN8EQAAAAAAJ8PBAAAAAQAAAAAAKgPCgAAAElQDU5ldHdvcmsAAKEPHgAAAAsAAAAAABAICgAC
AAEABwALAAAAAQADAAEAAQAOAA8ABPDUAAAAEgAK8AgAAAAVGAEAAAoAAAMBC/BgAAAAgABcP9kC
hQACAAAAhwABAAAAiAABAAAAvwAAAA8AgQFmmf8AvwEcAB4AwAEBAAAI/wEOAA4AAQICAAAIPwIA
AAMAvwIBAA8A/wIWAB8AfwMQAD8AhAMAAAAAhgMAAAAAAAAQ8AgAAAAQBaAI8AkADA8ADfBEAAAA
AACfDwQAAAAEAAAAAACoDwoAAABJUCBHYXRld2F5AAChDx4AAAALAAAAAAAQCAoAAgABAAcACwAA
AAEAAwABAAIAEAAPAATw1AAAABIACvAIAAAAFhgBAAAKAAADAQvwYAAAAIAABA/ZAoUAAgAAAIcA
AQAAAIgAAQAAAL8AAAAPAIEBBQAACL8BHAAeAMABAQAACP8BDgAOAAECAgAACD8CAAADAL8CAQAP
AP8CFgAfAH8DEAA/AIQDAAAAAIYDAAAAAAAAEPAIAAAAEAUQDmAPAAwPAA3wRAAAAAAAnw8EAAAA
BAAAAAAAqA8KAAAASVAgR2F0ZXdheQAAoQ8eAAAACwAAAAAAEAgKAAIAAQAHAAsAAAABAAMAAQAC
ABAADwAE8P0AAADSAArwCAAAABcYAQAACgAA8wAL8FoAAACAAKD42QKFAAIAAACHAAEAAAC/AAAA
DwCBAYDPWQC/ARwAHgDAAQEAAAj/AQ4ADgABAgIAAAg/AgAAAwC/AgEADwD/AhYAHwB/AxAAPwCE
AwAAAACGAwAAAAAAABDwCAAAAGAGYA+AEyAHDwAN8HMAAAAAAJ8PBAAAAAQAAAAAAKgPEQAAAEFN
Ui1XQi9SVFAvVURQL0lQAAChDygAAAASAAAAAAAQCAoAAgABAAcAEQAAAAEAAwABAAQACQABAAAA
AAACABQAAACmDxYAAADxHgAA4AFoAWgB0ALQAjgEOASgBaAFDwAE8P0AAADSAArwCAAAABgYAQBA
CgAA8wAL8FoAAACAAATycAOFAAIAAACHAAEAAAC/AAAADwCBAYDPWQC/ARwAHgDAAQEAAAj/AQ4A
DgABAgIAAAg/AgAAAwC/AgEADwD/AhYAHwB/AxAAPwCEAwAAAACGAwAAAAAAABDwCAAAAPAJYA+A
E7AKDwAN8HMAAAAAAJ8PBAAAAAQAAAAAAKgPEQAAAEFNUi1XQi9SVFAvVURQL0lQAAChDygAAAAS
AAAAAAAQCAoAAgABAAcAEQAAAAEAAwABAAQACQABAAAAAAACABQAAACmDxYAAADxHgAA4AFoAWgB
0ALQAjgEOASgBaAFDwAE8PcAAABSBArwCAAAABkYAQAACgAAAwEL8GAAAACAADD0cAOFAAIAAACH
AAEAAAC/AAAADwCBAQQAAAiDAQAAAAi/ARwAHgDAAQEAAAj/AQ4ADgABAgIAAAg/AgAAAwC/AgEA
DwD/AhYAHwB/AxAAPwCEAwAAAACGAwAAAAAAABDwCAAAAIAH8AkQDpAJDwAN8GcAAAAAAJ8PBAAA
AAQAAAAAAKgPEQAAAEFNUi1XQi9SVFAvVURQL0lQAAChDxwAAAASAAAAAAAQCAoAAgABAAcAEgAA
AAAAAwACAAwAAACmDxYAAADxHgAA4AFoAWgB0ALQAjgEOASgBaAFDwAE8JQAAABCAQrwCAAAABoY
AQAACgAAIwEL8GwAAACFAAIAAAC/AAAADwBEAQQAAAB/AQAAAQC/AQAAEADAAQCAAADLAdSUAADQ
AQEAAADRAQEAAADWAQEAAAD/AR4AHgABAgIAAAg/AgAAAwC/AgEADwD/AhYAHwB/AxAAPwCEAwAA
AACGAwAAAAAAABDwCAAAAMAMMAmgDsAMDwAE8OgAAACiDArwCAAAABsYAQAACgAA0wAL8E4AAACA
AAwCcwO/AAIADwCBAcz//wC/ARwAHgDAAQEAAAj/AQ4ADgABAgIAAAg/AgAAAwC/AgEADwD/AhYA
HwB/AxAAPwCEAwAAAACGAwAAAAAAABDwCAAAAOANUATQCJMODwAN8GoAAAAAAJ8PBAAAAAQAAAAA
AKgPEAAAAGNkbWEyMDAwIE5ldHdvcmsAAKEPIAAAABEAAAAAABAoCgACAAEAMgAHABEAAAABAAMA
AQABAAwAAACmDxYAAADxHgAA4AFoAWgB0ALQAjgEOASgBaAFDwAE8OkAAACiDArwCAAAABwYAQAA
CgAA0wAL8E4AAACAAFgDcwO/AAIADwCBAf+ZzAC/ARwAHgDAAQEAAAj/AQ4ADgABAgIAAAg/AgAA
AwC/AgEADwD/AhYAHwB/AxAAPwCEAwAAAACGAwAAAAAAABDwCAAAAOANAA+AE5MODwAN8GsAAAAA
AJ8PBAAAAAQAAAAAAKgPEQAAAEdTTS9XQ0RNQSBOZXR3b3JrAAChDyAAAAASAAAAAAAQKAoAAgAB
ADIABwASAAAAAQADAAEAAQAMAAAApg8WAAAA8R4AAOABaAFoAdAC0AI4BDgEoAWgBQ8ABPBOAQAA
ogwK8AgAAAAdGAEAAAoAAAMBC/BgAAAAgAAsDHMDhQACAAAAhwAGAAAAvwACAA8AgQEEAAAIgwEA
AAAIvwEMAB4AwAEBAAAI/wEGAA4AAQICAAAIPwIAAAMAvwIBAA8A/wIWAB8AfwMQAD8AhAMAAAAA
hgMAAAAAAAAQ8AgAAABTAzcCpBTBBA8ADfC+AAAAAACfDwQAAAAEAAAAAACoD2IAAABFbmFibGlu
ZyBUcmFuc2NvZGVyLUZyZWUgKFRyRk8pIG11bHRpbWVkaWEgY29udGVudCB0cmFuc2ZlciBiZXR3
ZWVuIA1BTVItV0IvVk1SLVdCIGJhc2VkIHRlcm1pbmFscwAAoQ8iAAAAYwAAAAAAEAgKAAIAAQAH
AGMAAAABAAcAAQACABAA/zMA/gAApg8WAAAA8R4AAOABaAFoAdAC0AI4BDgEoAWgBQ8ABPBIAAAA
EgAK8AgAAAABGAEAAAwAAIMAC/AwAAAAgQEAAAAIgwEFAAAIkwEeQJcAlAHevWgAvwESABIA/wEA
AAgABAMJAAAAPwMBAAEAEADwByAAAAD///8AAAAAABwcHAAzM5kAAOSoAP/PAQD/AAAAMzPMAA8A
7gMaJgAAAgDvAxgAAAAHAAAADQAAAAAAAAABAACAAAAAAAcAAAAPAAwEyiUAAA8AAvDCJQAAsAAI
8AgAAAAtAAAALhwBAA8AA/BaJQAADwAE8CgAAAABAAnwEAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAACAArw
CAAAAAAcAQAFAAAADwAE8H4AAAASAArwCAAAAAIcAQAgAgAAcwAL8CoAAAAEAAAAAAB/AAAABACA
AJS9cAO/AQAAAQD/AQAAAQABAwnEAACIAwAAAAAAABDwCAAAAMAAEQPYFxACDwAR8BAAAAAAAMML
CAAAAAAAAAANAHADDwAN8AwAAAAAAJ4PBAAAAAAAAAAPAATw9AAAABIACvAIAAAAAxwBAAAKAAAD
AQvwYAAAAH8AAAAEAIAATEBzA4UAAgAAAIcAAQAAAL8AAAAPAIEB+v0AAL8BHAAeAMABAQAACP8B
DgAOAAECAgAACD8CAAADAL8CAQAPAP8CFgAfAH8DEAA/AIQDAAAAAIYDAAAAAAAAEPAIAAAA8AxQ
E0AXcA4PAA3wZAAAAAAAnw8EAAAABAAAAAAAqA8OAAAAUGh5c2ljYWwgTGF5ZXIAAKEPHAAAAA8A
AAAAABAICgACAAEABwAPAAAAAAADAAEADgAAAKYPFgAAAPEeAADgAWgBaAHQAtACOAQ4BKAFoAUP
AATw9QAAABIACvAIAAAABBwBAAAKAAADAQvwYAAAAH8AAAAEAIAAFERzA4UAAgAAAIcAAQAAAL8A
AAAPAIEBBQAACL8BHAAeAMABAQAACP8BDgAOAAECAgAACD8CAAADAL8CAQAPAP8CFgAfAH8DEAA/
AIQDAAAAAIYDAAAAAAAAEPAIAAAAcAtQE0AX8AwPAA3wZQAAAAAAnw8EAAAABAAAAAAAqA8PAAAA
RGF0YSBMaW5rDUxheWVyAAChDxwAAAAQAAAAAAAQCAoAAgABAAcAEAAAAAAAAwABAA4AAACmDxYA
AADxHgAA4AFoAWgB0ALQAjgEOASgBaAFDwAE8PUAAAASAArwCAAAAAUcAQAACgAAAwEL8GAAAAB/
AAAABACAAABNcwOFAAIAAACHAAEAAAC/AAAADwCBAYDPWQC/ARwAHgDAAQEAAAj/AQ4ADgABAgIA
AAg/AgAAAwC/AgEADwD/AhYAHwB/AxAAPwCEAwAAAACGAwAAAAAAABDwCAAAAHAIUBNAF/AJDwAN
8GUAAAAAAJ8PBAAAAAQAAAAAAKgPAwAAAFVEUAAAoQ8oAAAABAAAAAAAEAgKAAIAAQAHAAMAAAAA
AAMAAQAOAAEAAAAAAAMAAQAUAAAApg8WAAAA8R4AAOABaAFoAdAC0AI4BDgEoAWgBQ8ABPDpAAAA
EgAK8AgAAAAGHAEAAAoAAAMBC/BgAAAAfwAAAAQAgACcVHMDhQACAAAAhwABAAAAvwAAAA8AgQET
rdEAvwEcAB4AwAEBAAAI/wEOAA4AAQICAAAIPwIAAAMAvwIBAA8A/wIWAB8AfwMQAD8AhAMAAAAA
hgMAAAAAAAAQ8AgAAADwBlATQBdwCA8ADfBZAAAAAACfDwQAAAAEAAAAAACoDwMAAABSVFAAAKEP
HAAAAAQAAAAAABAICgACAAEABwAEAAAAAAADAAEADgAAAKYPFgAAAPEeAADgAWgBaAHQAtACOAQ4
BKAFoAUPAATwDgEAABIACvAIAAAABxwBAAAKAAADAQvwYAAAAH8AAAAEAIAAhGNzA4UAAgAAAIcA
AQAAAL8AAAAPAIEBwP75AL8BHAAeAMABAQAACP8BDgAOAAECAgAACD8CAAADAL8CAQAPAP8CFgAf
AH8DEAA/AIQDAAAAAIYDAAAAAAAAEPAIAAAAcAVQE0AX8AYPAA3wfgAAAAAAnw8EAAAABAAAAAAA
qA8cAAAASW50ZXJtZWRpYXRlLUxldmVsDVByb3RvY29scwAAoQ8oAAAAHQAAAAAAEAgKAAIAAQAH
ABwAAAAAAAMAAQAMAAEAAAAAAAMAAQAUAAAApg8WAAAA8R4AAOABaAFoAdAC0AI4BDgEoAWgBQ8A
BPDsAAAAEgAK8AgAAAAIHAEAAAoAAPMAC/BaAAAAgAD8ZXMDhQACAAAAhwABAAAAvwAAAA8AgQHr
idgAvwEcAB4AwAEBAAAI/wEOAA4AAQICAAAIPwIAAAMAvwIBAA8A/wIWAB8AfwMQAD8AhAMAAAAA
hgMAAAAAAAAQ8AgAAADwA1ATQBdwBQ8ADfBiAAAAAACfDwQAAAAEAAAAAACoDwwAAABBTVItV0IN
Y29kZWMAAKEPHAAAAA0AAAAAABAICgACAAEABwANAAAAAAADAAEADgAAAKYPFgAAAPEeAADgAWgB
aAHQAtACOAQ4BKAFoAUPAATw7gAAABIACvAIAAAACRwBAAAKAADzAAvwWgAAAIAA8FVzA4UAAgAA
AIcAAQAAAL8AAAAPAIEB/8wAAL8BHAAeAMABAQAACP8BDgAOAAECAgAACD8CAAADAL8CAQAPAP8C
FgAfAH8DEAA/AIQDAAAAAIYDAAAAAAAAEPAIAAAA8AwgARAFcA4PAA3wZAAAAAAAnw8EAAAABAAA
AAAAqA8OAAAAUGh5c2ljYWwgTGF5ZXIAAKEPHAAAAA8AAAAAABAICgACAAEABwAPAAAAAAADAAEA
DgAAAKYPFgAAAPEeAADgAWgBaAHQAtACOAQ4BKAFoAUPAATw7wAAABIACvAIAAAAChwBAAAKAADz
AAvwWgAAAIAARHVzA4UAAgAAAIcAAQAAAL8AAAAPAIEBBQAACL8BHAAeAMABAQAACP8BDgAOAAEC
AgAACD8CAAADAL8CAQAPAP8CFgAfAH8DEAA/AIQDAAAAAIYDAAAAAAAAEPAIAAAAcAsgARAF8AwP
AA3wZQAAAAAAnw8EAAAABAAAAAAAqA8PAAAARGF0YSBMaW5rDUxheWVyAAChDxwAAAAQAAAAAAAQ
CAoAAgABAAcAEAAAAAAAAwABAA4AAACmDxYAAADxHgAA4AFoAWgB0ALQAjgEOASgBaAFDwAE8OIA
AAASAArwCAAAAAscAQAACgAA8wAL8FoAAACAALCEcwOFAAIAAACHAAEAAAC/AAAADwCBAfdRUQC/
ARwAHgDAAQEAAAj/AQ4ADgABAgIAAAg/AgAAAwC/AgEADwD/AhYAHwB/AxAAPwCEAwAAAACGAwAA
AAAAABDwCAAAAPAJIAEQBXALDwAN8FgAAAAAAJ8PBAAAAAQAAAAAAKgPAgAAAElQAAChDxwAAAAD
AAAAAAAQCAoAAgABAAcAAwAAAAAAAwABAA4AAACmDxYAAADxHgAA4AFoAWgB0ALQAjgEOASgBaAF
DwAE8OMAAAASAArwCAAAAAwcAQAACgAA8wAL8FoAAACAAFCGcwOFAAIAAACHAAEAAAC/AAAADwCB
AYDPWQC/ARwAHgDAAQEAAAj/AQ4ADgABAgIAAAg/AgAAAwC/AgEADwD/AhYAHwB/AxAAPwCEAwAA
AACGAwAAAAAAABDwCAAAAHAIIAEQBfAJDwAN8FkAAAAAAJ8PBAAAAAQAAAAAAKgPAwAAAFVEUAAA
oQ8cAAAABAAAAAAAEAgKAAIAAQAHAAQAAAAAAAMAAQAOAAAApg8WAAAA8R4AAOABaAFoAdAC0AI4
BDgEoAWgBQ8ABPDjAAAAEgAK8AgAAAANHAEAAAoAAPMAC/BaAAAAgACkh3MDhQACAAAAhwABAAAA
vwAAAA8AgQETrdEAvwEcAB4AwAEBAAAI/wEOAA4AAQICAAAIPwIAAAMAvwIBAA8A/wIWAB8AfwMQ
AD8AhAMAAAAAhgMAAAAAAAAQ8AgAAADwBiABEAVwCA8ADfBZAAAAAACfDwQAAAAEAAAAAACoDwMA
AABSVFAAAKEPHAAAAAQAAAAAABAICgACAAEABwAEAAAAAAADAAEADgAAAKYPFgAAAPEeAADgAWgB
aAHQAtACOAQ4BKAFoAUPAATw/AAAABIACvAIAAAADhwBAAAKAADzAAvwWgAAAIAARJZzA4UAAgAA
AIcAAQAAAL8AAAAPAIEBwP75AL8BHAAeAMABAQAACP8BDgAOAAECAgAACD8CAAADAL8CAQAPAP8C
FgAfAH8DEAA/AIQDAAAAAIYDAAAAAAAAEPAIAAAAcAUgARAF8AYPAA3wcgAAAAAAnw8EAAAABAAA
AAAAqA8cAAAASW50ZXJtZWRpYXRlLUxldmVsDVByb3RvY29scwAAoQ8cAAAAHQAAAAAAEAgKAAIA
AQAHAB0AAAAAAAMAAQAMAAAApg8WAAAA8R4AAOABaAFoAdAC0AI4BDgEoAWgBQ8ABPDsAAAAEgAK
8AgAAAAPHAEAAAoAAPMAC/BaAAAAgAAon3MDhQACAAAAhwABAAAAvwAAAA8AgQHridgAvwEcAB4A
wAEBAAAI/wEOAA4AAQICAAAIPwIAAAMAvwIBAA8A/wIWAB8AfwMQAD8AhAMAAAAAhgMAAAAAAAAQ
8AgAAADwAyABEAVwBQ8ADfBiAAAAAACfDwQAAAAEAAAAAACoDwwAAABWTVItV0INY29kZWMAAKEP
HAAAAA0AAAAAABAICgACAAEABwANAAAAAAADAAEADgAAAKYPFgAAAPEeAADgAWgBaAHQAtACOAQ4
BKAFoAUPAATw9AAAABIACvAIAAAAEBwBAAAKAAADAQvwYAAAAH8AAAAEAIAAXK9zA4UAAgAAAIcA
AQAAAL8AAAAPAIEB/8wAAL8BHAAeAMABAQAACP8BDgAOAAECAgAACD8CAAADAL8CAQAPAP8CFgAf
AH8DEAA/AIQDAAAAAIYDAAAAAAAAEPAIAAAA8AxACDAMcA4PAA3wZAAAAAAAnw8EAAAABAAAAAAA
qA8OAAAAUGh5c2ljYWwgTGF5ZXIAAKEPHAAAAA8AAAAAABAICgACAAEABwAPAAAAAAADAAEADgAA
AKYPFgAAAPEeAADgAWgBaAHQAtACOAQ4BKAFoAUPAATw9QAAABIACvAIAAAAERwBAAAKAAADAQvw
YAAAAH8AAAAEAIAAPLBzA4UAAgAAAIcAAQAAAL8AAAAPAIEBBQAACL8BHAAeAMABAQAACP8BDgAO
AAECAgAACD8CAAADAL8CAQAPAP8CFgAfAH8DEAA/AIQDAAAAAIYDAAAAAAAAEPAIAAAAcAtACDAM
8AwPAA3wZQAAAAAAnw8EAAAABAAAAAAAqA8PAAAARGF0YSBMaW5rDUxheWVyAAChDxwAAAAQAAAA
AAAQCAoAAgABAAcAEAAAAAAAAwABAA4AAACmDxYAAADxHgAA4AFoAWgB0ALQAjgEOASgBaAFDwAE
8PUAAAASAArwCAAAABIcAQAACgAAAwEL8GAAAAB/AAAABACAACDAcwOFAAIAAACHAAEAAAC/AAAA
DwCBAYDPWQC/ARwAHgDAAQEAAAj/AQ4ADgABAgIAAAg/AgAAAwC/AgEADwD/AhYAHwB/AxAAPwCE
AwAAAACGAwAAAAAAABDwCAAAAHAIQAgwDPAJDwAN8GUAAAAAAJ8PBAAAAAQAAAAAAKgPAwAAAFVE
UAAAoQ8oAAAABAAAAAAAEAgKAAIAAQAHAAMAAAAAAAMAAQAOAAEAAAAAAAMAAQAUAAAApg8WAAAA
8R4AAOABaAFoAdAC0AI4BDgEoAWgBQ8ABPD0AAAAEgAK8AgAAAATHAEAAAoAAAMBC/BgAAAAfwAA
AAQAgADAyXMDhQACAAAAhwABAAAAvwAAAA8AgQH6/QAAvwEcAB4AwAEBAAAI/wEOAA4AAQICAAAI
PwIAAAMAvwIBAA8A/wIWAB8AfwMQAD8AhAMAAAAAhgMAAAAAAAAQ8AgAAADwDDAMIBBwDg8ADfBk
AAAAAACfDwQAAAAEAAAAAACoDw4AAABQaHlzaWNhbCBMYXllcgAAoQ8cAAAADwAAAAAAEAgKAAIA
AQAHAA8AAAAAAAMAAQAOAAAApg8WAAAA8R4AAOABaAFoAdAC0AI4BDgEoAWgBQ8ABPD1AAAAEgAK
8AgAAAAUHAEAAAoAAAMBC/BgAAAAfwAAAAQAgAAoy3MDhQACAAAAhwABAAAAvwAAAA8AgQEFAAAI
vwEcAB4AwAEBAAAI/wEOAA4AAQICAAAIPwIAAAMAvwIBAA8A/wIWAB8AfwMQAD8AhAMAAAAAhgMA
AAAAAAAQ8AgAAABwCzAMIBDwDA8ADfBlAAAAAACfDwQAAAAEAAAAAACoDw8AAABEYXRhIExpbmsN
TGF5ZXIAAKEPHAAAABAAAAAAABAICgACAAEABwAQAAAAAAADAAEADgAAAKYPFgAAAPEeAADgAWgB
aAHQAtACOAQ4BKAFoAUPAATw9QAAABIACvAIAAAAFRwBAAAKAAADAQvwYAAAAH8AAAAEAIAAPNpz
A4UAAgAAAIcAAQAAAL8AAAAPAIEBgM9ZAL8BHAAeAMABAQAACP8BDgAOAAECAgAACD8CAAADAL8C
AQAPAP8CFgAfAH8DEAA/AIQDAAAAAIYDAAAAAAAAEPAIAAAAcAgwDCAQ8AkPAA3wZQAAAAAAnw8E
AAAABAAAAAAAqA8DAAAAVURQAAChDygAAAAEAAAAAAAQCAoAAgABAAcAAwAAAAAAAwABAA4AAQAA
AAAAAwABABQAAACmDxYAAADxHgAA4AFoAWgB0ALQAjgEOASgBaAFDwAE8P8AAABSBArwCAAAABYc
AQAACgAA8wAL8FoAAACAAMzicwOFAAIAAACHAAEAAAC/AAAADwCBAaLB/gC/ARwAHgDAAQEAAAj/
AQ4ADgABAgIAAAg/AgAAAwC/AgEADwD/AhYAHwB/AxAAPwCEAwAAAACGAwAAAAAAABDwCAAAACAN
EAVACBAODwAN8HUAAAAAAJ8PBAAAAAQAAAAAAKgPEQAAAFZNUi1XQi9SVFAvVURQL0lQAAChDyoA
AAASAAAAAAAQCAoAAgABAAcAEQAAAAEAAwABAAEACAABAAAAAAADAAEAEgAAAKYPFgAAAPEeAADg
AWgBaAHQAtACOAQ4BKAFoAUPAATwBQEAAFIECvAIAAAAFxwBAAAKAAADAQvwYAAAAIAAwOxzA4UA
AgAAAIcAAQAAAL8AAAAPAIEBBAAACIMBAAAACL8BHAAeAMABAQAACP8BDgAOAAECAgAACD8CAAAD
AL8CAQAPAP8CFgAfAH8DEAA/AIQDAAAAAIYDAAAAAAAAEPAIAAAAIA0gEFATEA4PAA3wdQAAAAAA
nw8EAAAABAAAAAAAqA8RAAAAQU1SLVdCL1JUUC9VRFAvSVAAAKEPKgAAABIAAAAAABAICgACAAEA
BwARAAAAAQADAAEAAQAIAAEAAAAAAAMAAQASAAAApg8WAAAA8R4AAOABaAFoAdAC0AI4BDgEoAWg
BQ8ABPDkAAAAEgAK8AgAAAAYHAEAAAoAAPMAC/BaAAAAgAA86HMDhQACAAAAhwABAAAAvwAAAA8A
gQET0cgAvwEcAB4AwAEBAAAI/wEOAA4AAQICAAAIPwIAAAMAvwIBAA8A/wIWAB8AfwMQAD8AhAMA
AAAAhgMAAAAAAAAQ8AgAAADwBkAIIBBwCA8ADfBaAAAAAACfDwQAAAAEAAAAAACoDwQAAABSVFAN
AAChDxwAAAAFAAAAAAAQCAoAAgABAAcABQAAAAAAAwABAA4AAACmDxYAAADxHgAA4AFoAWgB0ALQ
AjgEOASgBaAFDwAE8JQAAABCAQrwCAAAABkcAQAACgAAIwEL8GwAAACFAAIAAAC/AAAADwBEAQQA
AAB/AQAAAQC/AQAAEADAAQYAAAjLAdSUAADQAQEAAADRAQEAAADWAQEAAAD/AR4AHgABAgIAAAg/
AgAAAwC/AgEADwD/AhYAHwB/AxAAPwCEAwAAAACGAwAAAAAAABDwCAAAAPADkACQAHAODwAE8JQA
AABCAQrwCAAAABocAQAACgAAIwEL8GwAAACFAAIAAAC/AAAADwBEAQQAAAB/AQAAAQC/AQAAEADA
AQYAAAjLAdSUAADQAQEAAADRAQEAAADWAQEAAAD/AR4AHgABAgIAAAg/AgAAAwC/AgEADwD/AhYA
HwB/AxAAPwCEAwAAAACGAwAAAAAAABDwCAAAAPAD0BfQF3AODwAE8OIAAAASAArwCAAAABscAQAA
CgAA8wAL8FoAAACAAMz1cwOFAAIAAACHAAEAAAC/AAAADwCBAfdRUQC/ARwAHgDAAQEAAAj/AQ4A
DgABAgIAAAg/AgAAAwC/AgEADwD/AhYAHwB/AxAAPwCEAwAAAACGAwAAAAAAABDwCAAAAPAJUBNA
F3ALDwAN8FgAAAAAAJ8PBAAAAAQAAAAAAKgPAgAAAElQAAChDxwAAAADAAAAAAAQCAoAAgABAAcA
AwAAAAAAAwABAA4AAACmDxYAAADxHgAA4AFoAWgB0ALQAjgEOASgBaAFDwAE8OIAAAASAArwCAAA
ABwcAQAACgAA8wAL8FoAAACAAHwAdQOFAAIAAACHAAEAAAC/AAAADwCBAfdRUQC/ARwAHgDAAQEA
AAj/AQ4ADgABAgIAAAg/AgAAAwC/AgEADwD/AhYAHwB/AxAAPwCEAwAAAACGAwAAAAAAABDwCAAA
APAJMAwgEHALDwAN8FgAAAAAAJ8PBAAAAAQAAAAAAKgPAgAAAElQAAChDxwAAAADAAAAAAAQCAoA
AgABAAcAAwAAAAAAAwABAA4AAACmDxYAAADxHgAA4AFoAWgB0ALQAjgEOASgBaAFDwAE8OIAAAAS
AArwCAAAAB0cAQAACgAA8wAL8FoAAACAALQIdQOFAAIAAACHAAEAAAC/AAAADwCBAfdRUQC/ARwA
HgDAAQEAAAj/AQ4ADgABAgIAAAg/AgAAAwC/AgEADwD/AhYAHwB/AxAAPwCEAwAAAACGAwAAAAAA
ABDwCAAAAPAJQAgwDHALDwAN8FgAAAAAAJ8PBAAAAAQAAAAAAKgPAgAAAElQAAChDxwAAAADAAAA
AAAQCAoAAgABAAcAAwAAAAAAAwABAA4AAACmDxYAAADxHgAA4AFoAWgB0ALQAjgEOASgBaAFDwAE
8AYBAACiDArwCAAAAB4cAQAACgAAAwEL8GAAAACAADgQdQOFAAIAAACHAAYAAAC/AAIADwCBAQQA
AAiDAQAAAAi/AQwAHgDAAQEAAAj/AQYADgABAgIAAAg/AgAAAwC/AgEADwD/AhYAHwB/AxAAPwCE
AwAAAACGAwAAAAAAABDwCAAAAEAF3Qi1DwAGDwAN8HYAAAAAAJ8PBAAAAAQAAAAAAKgPIAAAAFNl
c3Npb24gSW5pdGlhdGlvbiBVc2luZyBTSVAvU0RQAAChDxwAAAAhAAAAAAAQCAoAAgABAAcAIQAA
AAAAAwABAA4AAACmDxYAAADxHgAA4AFoAWgB0ALQAjgEOASgBaAFDwAE8OsAAACiDArwCAAAAB8c
AQAACgAAAwEL8GAAAACAAHQfdQOFAAIAAACHAAYAAAC/AAIADwCBAQQAAAiDAQAAAAi/AQwAHgDA
AQEAAAj/AQYADgABAgIAAAg/AgAAAwC/AgEADwD/AhYAHwB/AxAAPwCEAwAAAACGAwAAAAAAABDw
CAAAAHAOEAs9DTAPDwAN8FsAAAAAAJ8PBAAAAAQAAAAAAKgPBwAAAEdhdGV3YXkAAKEPGgAAAAgA
AAAAABAACgACAAcACAAAAAAAAwABAA4AAACmDxYAAADxHgAA4AFoAWgB0ALQAjgEOASgBaAFDwAE
8PQAAACiDArwCAAAACAcAQAACgAAAwEL8GAAAACAAIAodQOFAAIAAACHAAYAAAC/AAIADwCBAQQA
AAiDAQAAAAi/AQwAHgDAAQEAAAj/AQYADgABAgIAAAg/AgAAAwC/AgEADwD/AhYAHwB/AxAAPwCE
AwAAAACGAwAAAAAAABDwCAAAALEOgQGHBF4PDwAN8GQAAAAAAJ8PBAAAAAQAAAAAAKgPDgAAAE1v
YmlsZSBTdGF0aW9uAAChDxwAAAAPAAAAAAAQAAoAAgAHAA8AAAABAAMAAQABAAwAAACmDxYAAADx
HgAA4AFoAWgB0ALQAjgEOASgBaAFDwAE8PQAAACiDArwCAAAACEcAQAACgAAAwEL8GAAAACAANww
dQOFAAIAAACHAAYAAAC/AAIADwCBAQQAAAiDAQAAAAi/AQwAHgDAAQEAAAj/AQYADgABAgIAAAg/
AgAAAwC/AgEADwD/AhYAHwB/AxAAPwCEAwAAAACGAwAAAAAAABDwCAAAALEOsRO3Fl4PDwAN8GQA
AAAAAJ8PBAAAAAQAAAAAAKgPDgAAAE1vYmlsZSBTdGF0aW9uAAChDxwAAAAPAAAAAAAQAAoAAgAH
AA8AAAABAAMAAQABAAwAAACmDxYAAADxHgAA4AFoAWgB0ALQAjgEOASgBaAFDwAE8PgAAACiDArw
CAAAACIcAQAACgAA8wAL8FoAAACAALA5dQOFAAIAAACHAAYAAAC/AAIADwCBAfr9AAC/ARwAHgDA
AQEAAAj/AQ4ADgABAgIAAAg/AgAAAwC/AgEADwD/AhYAHwB/AxAAPwCEAwAAAACGAwAAAAAAABDw
CAAAAAkPsASaCJ8PDwAN8G4AAAAAAJ8PBAAAAAQAAAAAAKgPGAAAADNHUFAyIHRvIElQIE5ldHdv
cmsgTGluawAAoQ8cAAAAGQAAAAAAEAAKAAIABwAZAAAAAQADAAEAAQAJAAAApg8WAAAA8R4AAOAB
aAFoAdAC0AI4BDgEoAWgBQ8ABPD3AAAAogwK8AgAAAAjHAEAAAoAAPMAC/BaAAAAgACEQnUDhQAC
AAAAhwAGAAAAvwACAA8AgQH6/QAAvwEcAB4AwAEBAAAI/wEOAA4AAQICAAAIPwIAAAMAvwIBAA8A
/wIWAB8AfwMQAD8AhAMAAAAAhgMAAAAAAAAQ8AgAAAAJD98PoROfDw8ADfBtAAAAAACfDwQAAAAE
AAAAAACoDxcAAAAzR1BQIHRvIElQIE5ldHdvcmsgTGluawAAoQ8cAAAAGAAAAAAAEAAKAAIABwAY
AAAAAQADAAEAAQAJAAAApg8WAAAA8R4AAOABaAFoAdAC0AI4BDgEoAWgBQ8ABPBkAAAAQgEK8AgA
AAAkHAEAAAoAAKMAC/A8AAAARAEEAAAAfwEAAAEAvwEAABAAwAEBAAAIywGcMQAAzgEGAAAA0AEB
AAAA/wEYABgAAQICAAAIPwIAAAIAAAAQ8AgAAAAwBhAF0AgwBg8ABPBkAAAAQgEK8AgAAAAlHAEA
AAoAAKMAC/A8AAAARAEEAAAAfwEAAAEAvwEAABAAwAEBAAAIywGcMQAAzgEGAAAA0QEBAAAA/wEY
ABgAAQICAAAIPwIAAAIAAAAQ8AgAAAAwBtAI0AjwBg8ABPBkAAAAQgEK8AgAAAAmHAEAQAoAAKMA
C/A8AAAARAEEAAAAfwEAAAEAvwEAABAAwAEBAAAIywGcMQAAzgEGAAAA0AEBAAAA/wEYABgAAQIC
AAAIPwIAAAIAAAAQ8AgAAAAwBpAPUBMwBg8ABPBkAAAAQgEK8AgAAAAnHAEAAAoAAKMAC/A8AAAA
RAEEAAAAfwEAAAEAvwEAABAAwAEBAAAIywGcMQAAzgEGAAAA0QEBAAAA/wEYABgAAQICAAAIPwIA
AAIAAAAQ8AgAAAAwBpAPkA/wBg8ABPDgAAAAogwK8AgAAAAoHAEAAAoAALMAC/BCAAAAgABsRXUD
hQACAAAAhwAGAAAAvwACAAIAgQHM/zMAvwEQABAAwAEBAAAIywGcMQAA/wEIAAgAAQICAAAIPwIA
AAIAAAAQ8AgAAAAgBJwF4wrbBA8ADfBuAAAAAACfDwQAAAAEAAAAAACoDxoAAABWTVItV0IgICAg
IEdhdGV3YXkgU2Vzc2lvbgAAoQ8aAAAAGwAAAAAAABgAAAEAWgAbAAAAAAADAAQADgAAAKYPFgAA
APEeAADgAWgBaAHQAtACOAQ4BKAFoAUPAATwagAAAEIBCvAIAAAAKRwBAEAKAACzAAvwQgAAAEQB
BAAAAH8BAAABAL8BAAAQAMABAQAACMsBnDEAAM4BAgAAANEBAQAAANcBAAAAAP8BGAAYAAECAgAA
CD8CAAACAAAAEPAIAAAA4ASwB0AIAAYPAATw4AAAAKIMCvAIAAAAKhwBAAAKAACzAAvwQgAAAIAA
SE91A4UAAgAAAIcABgAAAL8AAgACAIEBzP8zAL8BEAAQAMABAQAACMsBnDEAAP8BCAAIAAECAgAA
CD8CAAACAAAAEPAIAAAAIARNDZQS2wQPAA3wbgAAAAAAnw8EAAAABAAAAAAAqA8aAAAAQU1SLVdC
ICAgICBHYXRld2F5IFNlc3Npb24AAKEPGgAAABsAAAAAAAAYAAABAFoAGwAAAAAAAwAEAA4AAACm
DxYAAADxHgAA4AFoAWgB0ALQAjgEOASgBaAFDwAE8GAAAACyBArwCAAAACscAQAQCgAAYwAL8CQA
AAAEQQEAAAALAQEAAAA/AQAAAQC/AQAAEAD/AQAACAA/AgAAAgAAABDwCAAAAFAEUAfAB6gEDwAR
8AwAAAAAAMELBAAAAAEAAAAPAATwagAAAEIBCvAIAAAALBwBAAAKAACzAAvwQgAAAEQBBAAAAH8B
AAABAL8BAAAQAMABAQAACMsBnDEAAM4BAgAAANEBAQAAANcBAAAAAP8BGAAYAAECAgAACD8CAAAC
AAAAEPAIAAAA4ATwD4AQAAYPAATwYAAAALIECvAIAAAALRwBABAKAABjAAvwJAAAAARBAQAAAAsB
AgAAAD8BAAABAL8BAAAQAP8BAAAIAD8CAAACAAAAEPAIAAAAUAQgD5APqAQPABHwDAAAAAAAwQsE
AAAAAgAAAA8ABPBIAAAAEgAK8AgAAAABHAEAAAwAAIMAC/AwAAAAgQEAAAAIgwEFAAAIkwEeQJcA
lAHevWgAvwESABIA/wEAAAgABAMJAAAAPwMBAAEAEADwByAAAAD///8AAAAAABwcHAAzM5kAAOSo
AP/PAQD/AAAAMzPMAA8A7gMIAgAAAgDvAxgAAAABAAAADQ4AAAAAAAABAACAAAAAAAcAAAAPAAwE
uAEAAA8AAvCwAQAAwAAI8AgAAAADAAAAAyABAA8AA/BIAQAADwAE8CgAAAABAAnwEAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAACAArwCAAAAAAgAQAFAAAADwAE8H4AAAASAArwCAAAAAIgAQAgAgAAcwAL8CoA
AAAEAAAAAAB/AAAABACAAISXcAO/AQAAAQD/AQAAAQABAwnEAACIAwAAAAAAABDwCAAAAMAAEQPY
FxACDwAR8BAAAAAAAMMLCAAAAAAAAAANAHADDwAN8AwAAAAAAJ4PBAAAAAAAAAAPAATwigAAABIA
CvAIAAAAAyABACACAACTAAvwNgAAAAQAAAAAAH8AAAAEAIAAQJhwA78BAAABAMABBj3oAMQBAAAA
AP8BAAAJAAEDCsQAAIgDAAAAAAAAEPAIAAAA8APAAKAXYA8PABHwEAAAAAAAwwsIAAAAAQAAAA4A
cAMPAA3wDAAAAAAAng8EAAAAAQAAAA8ABPBIAAAAEgAK8AgAAAABIAEAAAwAAIMAC/AwAAAAgQEA
AAAIgwEFAAAIkwEeQJcAlAHevWgAvwESABIA/wEAAAgABAMJAAAAPwMBAAEAEADwByAAAAD///8A
AAAAABwcHAAzM5kAAOSoAP/PAQD/AAAAMzPMAA8A7gN9CwAAAgDvAxgAAAABAAAADQ4AAAAAAAAB
AACAAAAAAAcAAAAPAAwELQsAAA8AAvAlCwAA8AAI8AgAAAAGAAAABiwBAA8AA/C9CgAADwAE8CgA
AAABAAnwEAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAACAArwCAAAAAAsAQAFAAAADwAE8H4AAAASAArwCAAA
AAIsAQAgAgAAcwAL8CoAAAAEAAAAAAB/AAAABACAAFSQdQO/AQAAAQD/AQAAAQABAwnEAACIAwAA
AAAAABDwCAAAAMAAEQPYFxACDwAR8BAAAAAAAMMLCAAAAAAAAAANAHUDDwAN8AwAAAAAAJ4PBAAA
AAAAAAAPAATwfgAAABIACvAIAAAAAywBACACAABzAAvwKgAAAAQAAAAAAH8AAAAEAIAAsJt1A78B
AAABAP8BAAABAAEDCsQAAIgDAAAAAAAAEPAIAAAA8APAAKAXYA8PABHwEAAAAAAAwwsIAAAAAQAA
AA4AdQMPAA3wDAAAAAAAng8EAAAAAQAAAA8ABPApAQAAogwK8AgAAAAELAEAAAoAAAMBC/BgAAAA
gABo/nMDhQACAAAAhwAGAAAAvwACAA8AgQEEAAAIgwEAAAAIvwEMAB4AwAEBAAAI/wEGAA4AAQIC
AAAIPwIAAAMAvwIBAA8A/wIWAB8AfwMQAD8AhAMAAAAAhgMAAAAAAAAQ8AgAAAASBPAJzxPmBA8A
DfCZAAAAAACfDwQAAAAEAAAAAACoDzMAAAAgICBJZGVudGljYWwgd2l0aCBjb3JyZXNwb25kaW5n
IGVudHJpZXMgaW4gUkZDIDMyNjcAAKEPLAAAADQAAAAAADUACgAFAAIAAAAABgcAAwAAAAAAAwAC
AA4AMQAAAAAAAwAEABAAAACmDxYAAADxHgAA4AFoAWgB0ALQAjgEOASgBaAFDwAE8NkBAACiDArw
CAAAAAUsAQAACgAAAwEL8GAAAACAAFCc2QKFAAIAAACHAAYAAAC/AAIADwCBAQQAAAiDAQAAAAi/
AQwAHgDAAQEAAAj/AQYADgABAgIAAAg/AgAAAwC/AgEADwD/AhYAHwB/AxAAPwCEAwAAAACGAwAA
AAAAABDwCAAAAIQMdgoXFyYPDwAN8EkBAAAAAJ8PBAAAAAQAAAAAAKgPvwAAACBUaGUgZGVmaW5p
dGlvbiBhbmQgdXNhZ2Ugb2YgSUxMIGFuZCBJTFAgYXJlIGlkZW50aWNhbCBpbiBWTVItV0IgDWFu
ZCBBTVItV0IgcGF5bG9hZCBmb3JtYXRzDSBGVCB2YWx1ZXMgYXJlIHNob3duIGluIHRoZSBuZXh0
IHNsaWRlDSBGIGFuZCBRIGhhdmUgdGhlIHNhbWUgZGVmaW5pdGlvbnMgYXMgQU1SLVdCIHBheWxv
YWQgZm9ybWF0AAChD1AAAABCAAAAAAA1AAoABQACAAAAAAYHABsAAAAAADQACgAEAAIAAAAABgcA
YwAAAAAAEQAKAAEAAgAHAAEAAAAAAAMAAgAQAL8AAAAAAAMABAAQAAAApg8WAAAA8R4AAOABaAFo
AdAC0AI4BDgEoAWgBQ8ABPBnBgAAEgAK8AgAAAAGLAEAAAoAAPMAC/BaAAAAfwAAAAQAgACcvXUD
vwACAA8AgQEEAAAIgwEAAAAIvwEMAB4AwAEBAAAI/wEGAA4AAQICAAAIPwIAAAMAvwIBAA8A/wIW
AB8AfwMQAD8AhAMAAAAAhgMAAAAAAAAQ8AgAAADQBcAJABhKCw8ADfDdBQAAAACfDwQAAAAEAAAA
AACoD5cDAACgDSstLS0tLS0tLS0tLSstLS0tLS0tLS0tLS0tLS0tLS0tLS0tLS0tLS0tLS0tLS0t
LS0tLS0tLS0tLS0tLS0tLS0tLS0rIA18ICAgQ01SICAgICB8ICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAg
ICAgICAgICBDb2RlYyBNb2RlICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgfA0rLS0tLS0tLS0tLS0rLS0tLS0tLS0t
LS0tLS0tLS0tLS0tLS0tLS0tLS0tLS0tLS0tLS0tLS0tLS0tLS0tLS0tLS0tKw18ICAgICAwICAg
ICB8IFZNUi1XQiBtb2RlMyAoQU1SLVdCIGludGVyb3BlcmFibGUgbW9kZSBhdCA2LjYwIGticHMp
fA18ICAgICAxICAgICB8IFZNUi1XQiBtb2RlMyAoQU1SLVdCIGludGVyb3BlcmFibGUgbW9kZSBh
dCA4Ljg1IGticHMpfA18ICAgICAyICAgICB8IFZNUi1XQiBtb2RlMyAoQU1SLVdCIGludGVyb3Bl
cmFibGUgbW9kZSBhdCAxMi42NWticHMpfCAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAg
ICAgICAgICAgICANfCAgICAgMyAgICAgfCBWTVItV0IgbW9kZSAyICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAg
ICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgIHwNfCAgICAgNCAgICAgfCBWTVItV0IgbW9kZSAxICAgICAg
ICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgIHwgDXwgICAgIDUgICAgIHwgVk1SLVdC
IG1vZGUgMCAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICB8ICAgICAgICAg
ICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICANfCAgICA2LTE0ICAgfCAocmVzZXJ2ZWQp
ICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgIHwgICANfCAgICAgMTUg
ICAgfCBObyBQcmVmZXJlbmNlIChtb2RlIFNIT1VMRCBiZSBzZXQgYnkgdGhlIG5ldHdvcmspICAg
IHwNKy0tLS0tLS0tLS0tKy0tLS0tLS0tLS0tLS0tLS0tLS0tLS0tLS0tLS0tLS0tLS0tLS0tLS0t
LS0tLS0tLS0tLS0tLSsNAAChDwwCAAACAAAAAAAAAAAAlgMAAAAAEAAAAAcAAQAAAAAAIwAGAAUA
CgABAAAAAAAjAAYABgAKAEUAAAAAACMABgAFAAoAAQAAAAAAIwAGAAYACgBEAAAAAAAjAAYABQAK
AAEAAAAAACMABgAGAAoARAAAAAAAIwAGAAUACgABAAAAAAAjAAYABgAKAAYAAAAAACMABgAFAAoA
PQAAAAAAJwAGAAUACgAAAAAGAQAAAAAAIwAGAAUACgABAAAAAAAjAAYABgAKAAYAAAAAACMABgAF
AAoAPQAAAAAAJwAGAAUACgAAAAAGAQAAAAAAIwAGAAUACgABAAAAAAAjAAYABgAKAAYAAAAAACMA
BgAFAAoAPQAAAAAAJwAGAAUACgAAAAAGLAAAAAAAIwAGAAUACgABAAAAAAAjAAYABgAKAEQAAAAA
ACMABgAFAAoAAQAAAAAAIwAGAAYACgBFAAAAAAAjAAYABQAKAAEAAAAAACMABgAGAAoAbQAAAAAA
IwAGAAUACgABAAAAAAAjAAYABgAKAEcAAAAAACMABgAFAAoAAQAAAAAAIwAGAAYACgAGAAAAAAAj
AAYABQAKAD0AAAAAACcABgAFAAoAAAAABgEAAAAAACMABgAFAAoAAQAAAAAAIwAGAAYACgBEAAAA
AAAjAAYABQAKAAEAAAAAACMABgAGAAoAAQAAAAAAAgAKAAAApg8WAAAA8R4AAOABaAFoAdAC0AI4
BDgEoAWgBQ8ABPBIAAAAEgAK8AgAAAABLAEAAAwAAIMAC/AwAAAAgQEAAAAIgwEFAAAIkwEeQJcA
lAHevWgAvwESABIA/wEAAAgABAMJAAAAPwMBAAEAEADwByAAAAD///8AAAAAABwcHAAzM5kAAOSo
AP/PAQD/AAAAMzPMAA8A7gMzAwAAAgDvAxgAAAABAAAADQ4AAAAAAAABAACAAAAAAAcAAAAPAAwE
4wIAAA8AAvDbAgAAAAEI8AgAAAAEAAAABDgBAA8AA/BzAgAADwAE8CgAAAABAAnwEAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAACAArwCAAAAAA4AQAFAAAADwAE8H4AAAASAArwCAAAAAI4AQAgAgAAcwAL8CoA
AAAEAAAAAAB/AAAABACAADTZdQO/AQAAAQD/AQAAAQABAwnEAACIAwAAAAAAABDwCAAAAMAAEQPY
FxACDwAR8BAAAAAAAMMLCAAAAAAAAAANAHUDDwAN8AwAAAAAAJ4PBAAAAAAAAAAPAATwfgAAABIA
CvAIAAAAAzgBACACAABzAAvwKgAAAAQAAAAAAH8AAAAEAIAA8Nl1A78BAAABAP8BAAABAAEDCsQA
AIgDAAAAAAAAEPAIAAAA8APAAKAXYA8PABHwEAAAAAAAwwsIAAAAAQAAAA4AdQMPAA3wDAAAAAAA
ng8EAAAAAQAAAA8ABPAvAQAAogwK8AgAAAAEOAEAAAoAAAMBC/BgAAAAgACc23UDhQACAAAAhwAG
AAAAvwACAA8AgQEEAAAIgwEAAAAIvwEMAB4AwAEBAAAI/wEGAA4AAQICAAAIPwIAAAMAvwIBAA8A
/wIWAB8AfwMQAD8AhAMAAAAAhgMAAAAAAAAQ8AgAAADRDoYGABKRDw8ADfCfAAAAAACfDwQAAAAE
AAAAAACoDzkAAAAgICBDb21tb24gYmV0d2VlbiBSRkMgMzI2NyBhbmQgVk1SLVdCIE1JTUUgc3Rv
cmFnZSBmb3JtYXQAAKEPLAAAADoAAAAAADUACgAFAAIAAAAABgcAAwAAAAAAAwACAA4ANwAAAAAA
AwAEAA4AAACmDxYAAADxHgAA4AFoAWgB0ALQAjgEOASgBaAFDwAE8EgAAAASAArwCAAAAAE4AQAA
DAAAgwAL8DAAAACBAQAAAAiDAQUAAAiTAR5AlwCUAd69aAC/ARIAEgD/AQAACAAEAwkAAAA/AwEA
AQAQAPAHIAAAAP///wAAAAAAHBwcADMzmQAA5KgA/88BAP8AAAAzM8wADwDuA1kFAAACAO8DGAAA
AAEAAAANDgAAAAAAAAEAAIAAAAAABwAAAA8ADAQJBQAADwAC8AEFAAAQAQjwCAAAAAQAAAAEMAEA
DwAD8JkEAAAPAATwKAAAAAEACfAQAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAIACvAIAAAAADABAAUAAAAP
AATwfgAAABIACvAIAAAAAjABACACAABzAAvwKgAAAAQAAAAAAH8AAAAEAIAA0AHDA78BAAABAP8B
AAABAAEDCcQAAIgDAAAAAAAAEPAIAAAAwAARA9gXEAIPABHwEAAAAAAAwwsIAAAAAAAAAA0AwwMP
AA3wDAAAAAAAng8EAAAAAAAAAA8ABPCeAAAAEgAK8AgAAAADMAEAIAIAAHMAC/AqAAAABAAAAAAA
fwAAAAQAgABYB8MDvwEAAAEA/wEAAAEAAQMKxAAAiAMAAAAAAAAQ8AgAAADwA8AAoBdgDw8AEfAQ
AAAAAADDCwgAAAABAAAADgDDAw8ADfAsAAAAAACeDwQAAAABAAAAAACmDxgAAAD5HgAA4AGxAKQB
KQHTAlgCcQTCA6AF7wQPAATwNQMAABIACvAIAAAABDABAAAKAADzAAvwWgAAAH8AAAAEAIAAmAnD
A78AAgAPAIEBBAAACIMBAAAACL8BDAAeAMABAQAACP8BBgAOAAECAgAACD8CAAADAL8CAQAPAP8C
FgAfAH8DEAA/AIQDAAAAAIYDAAAAAAAAEPAIAAAAmQsYBkgSMRAPAA3wqwIAAAAAnw8EAAAABAAA
AAAAqA9JAgAAICAgIDAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgMSAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAyICAg
ICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgIDMNICAgIDAgMSAyIDMgNCA1IDYgNyA4IDkgMCAxIDIgMyA0IDUgNiA3
IDggOSAwIDEgMiAzIDQgNSA2IDcgOCA5IDAgMQ0gICArLSstKy0rLSstKy0rLSstKy0rLSstKy0r
LSstKy0rLSstKy0rLSstKy0rLSstKy0rLSstKy0rLSstKy0rLSstKw0gICB8ICAgICAgICAgICAg
ICAgICAgICAgICAgIFJUUCBIZWFkZXIgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgfA0gICAr
PSs9Kz0rPSs9Kz0rPSs9Kz0rPSs9Kz0rPSs9Kz0rPSs9Kz0rPSs9Kz0rPSs9Kz0rPSs9Kz0rPSs9
Kz0rPSs9Kw0gICB8ICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAg
ICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgfA0gICArICAgICAgICAgIE9OTFkgb25lIHNwZWVjaCBkYXRhIGZy
YW1lICAgICAgICAgICArLSstKy0rLSstKy0rLSstKw0gICB8ICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAg
ICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICB8DSAgICstKy0rLSstKy0rLSstKy0rLSstKy0rLSst
Ky0rLSstKy0rLSstKy0rLSstKy0rLSsgAAChDygAAABKAgAAAAAQIAoAAgAyAAcABAAAAAAAAwAG
AAgARgIAAAAAAwAGAAkAAACmDxYAAADxHgAA4AFoAWgB0ALQAjgEOASgBaAFDwAE8EgAAAASAArw
CAAAAAEwAQAADAAAgwAL8DAAAACBAQAAAAiDAQUAAAiTAR5AlwCUAd69aAC/ARIAEgD/AQAACAAE
AwkAAAA/AwEAAQAQAPAHIAAAAP///wAAAAAAkZGRAAAAAABhj/0AAK4AAPwBKADOzs4ADwDuAwQK
AAACAO8DGAAAAAEAAAANDgAAAAAAAAEAAIAAAAAABwAAAA8ADAS0CQAADwAC8KwJAAAgAAjwCAAA
AAgAAAAINAEADwAD8EQJAAAPAATwKAAAAAEACfAQAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAIACvAIAAAA
ADQBAAUAAAAPAATwfgAAABIACvAIAAAAAjQBACACAABzAAvwKgAAAAQAAAAAAH8AAAAEAIAA1BDS
Ar8BAAABAP8BAAABAAEDCcQAAIgDAAAAAAAAEPAIAAAAwAARA9gXEAIPABHwEAAAAAAAwwsIAAAA
AAAAAA0A0gIPAA3wDAAAAAAAng8EAAAAAAAAAA8ABPB+AAAAEgAK8AgAAAADNAEAIAIAAHMAC/Aq
AAAABAAAAAAAfwAAAAQAgABkEdICvwEAAAEA/wEAAAEAAQMKxAAAiAMAAAAAAAAQ8AgAAADwA8AA
oBdgDw8AEfAQAAAAAADDCwgAAAABAAAADgDSAg8ADfAMAAAAAACeDwQAAAABAAAADwAE8GUCAAAS
AArwCAAAAAQ0AQAACgAA8wAL8FoAAAB/AAAABACAAAgk0gK/AAIADwCBAQQAAAiDAQAAAAi/AQwA
HgDAAQEAAAj/AQYADgABAgIAAAg/AgAAAwC/AgEADwD/AhYAHwB/AxAAPwCEAwAAAACGAwAAAAAA
ABDwCAAAANQJ0AhwEcAMDwAN8NsBAAAAAJ8PBAAAAAQAAAAAAKgPqwAAACAgICstLS0tLS0tLS0t
LS0tLS0tLS0tLS0tLS0tLS0tKw0gICB8ICAgICAgICBtYWdpYyBudW1iZXIgICAgICAgIHwgDSAg
ICstLS0tLS0tLS0tLS0tLS0tLS0tLS0tLS0tLS0tKw0gICB8IGNoYW5uZWwgZGVzY3JpcHRpb24g
ZmllbGQgIHwNICAgKy0tLS0tLS0tLS0tLS0tLS0tLS0tLS0tLS0tLS0rDQAAoQ/2AAAAIgAAAAAA
AAAAAIoAAAAAABAAAAAHAAMAAAAAACMABgAFAAwAHgAAAAAAYwAGAAUABgAMAAEAAAAAAGMABgAG
AAYADAAiAAAAAABjAAYABQAGAAwAAQAAAAAAYwAGAAYABgAMACEAAAAAAGMABgAFAAYADAABAAAA
AABjAAYABgAGAAwABQAAAAAAYwAGAAUABgAMABkAAAAAAGcABgAFAAYADAAAAAAGAwAAAAAAYwAG
AAUABgAMAAEAAAAAAGMABgAGAAYADAAhAAAAAABjAAYABQAGAAwAAQAAAAAAYwAGAAYABgAMAAEA
AAAAAEMABgAGAAwAAACmDxYAAADxHgAA4AFoAWgB0ALQAjgEOASgBaAFDwAE8C0BAACiDArwCAAA
AAU0AQAACgAAAwEL8GAAAACAAMgf0gKFAAIAAACHAAYAAAC/AAIADwCBAQQAAAiDAQAAAAi/AQwA
HgDAAQEAAAj/AQYADgABAgIAAAg/AgAAAwC/AgEADwD/AhYAHwB/AxAAPwCEAwAAAACGAwAAAAAA
ABDwCAAAADAMgAq0FfAMDwAN8J0AAAAAAJ8PBAAAAAQAAAAAAKgPNwAAACBDb21tb24gYmV0d2Vl
biBSRkMgMzI2NyBhbmQgVk1SLVdCIE1JTUUgc3RvcmFnZSBmb3JtYXQAAKEPLAAAADgAAAAAADUA
CgAFAAIAAAAABgcAAQAAAAAAAwACAA4ANwAAAAAAAwAEAA4AAACmDxYAAADxHgAA4AFoAWgB0ALQ
AjgEOASgBaAFDwAE8EkBAACiDArwCAAAAAY0AQAACgAA4wAL8FQAAACAAKww0gK/AAIADwCBAQQA
AAiDAQAAAAi/AQwAHgDAAQEAAAj/AQYADgABAgIAAAg/AgAAAwC/AgEADwD/AhYAHwB/AxAAPwCE
AwAAAACGAwAAAAAAABDwCAAAAIANnAagEYgPDwAN8MUAAAAAAJ8PBAAAAAQAAAAAAKgPbwAAAFZN
Ui1XQiBhbmQgQU1SLVdCIGhhdmUgaWRlbnRpY2FsDSBzdG9yYWdlIGZpbGUgZm9ybWF0cyBpbiB0
aGUgaW50ZXJvcGVyYWJsZSBtb2RlDSh3aXRoIGRpZmZlcmVudCBtYWdpYyBudW1iZXJzKQAAoQ8c
AAAAcAAAAAAAEAgKAAIAAQAHAHAAAAAAAAMAAgAQAAAApg8WAAAA8R4AAOABaAFoAdAC0AI4BDgE
oAWgBQ8ABPDhAQAAEgAK8AgAAAAHNAEAAAoAAPMAC/BaAAAAfwAAAAQAgABgOtICvwACAA8AgQEE
AAAIgwEAAAAIvwEMAB4AwAEBAAAI/wEGAA4AAQICAAAIPwIAAAMAvwIBAA8A/wIWAB8AfwMQAD8A
hAMAAAAAhgMAAAAAAAAQ8AgAAACHBtAIcBEACQ8ADfBXAQAAAACfDwQAAAAEAAAAAACoD2sAAAAg
ICArLS0tLS0tLS0tLS0tLS0tLS0tLS0tLS0tLS0tLSsNICAgfCAgICAgICAgbWFnaWMgbnVtYmVy
ICAgICAgICB8IA0gICArLS0tLS0tLS0tLS0tLS0tLS0tLS0tLS0tLS0tLSsNICAgDQAAoQ+yAAAA
IgAAAAAAAAAAAEoAAAAAABAAAAAHAAMAAAAAACMABgAFAAwAHgAAAAAAYwAGAAUABgAMAAEAAAAA
AGMABgAGAAYADAAiAAAAAABjAAYABQAGAAwAAQAAAAAAYwAGAAYABgAMACEAAAAAAGMABgAFAAYA
DAABAAAAAABjAAYABgAGAAwAAwAAAAAAYwAGAAUABgAMAAEAAAAAAGMABgAGAAYADAABAAAAAABD
AAYABgAMAAAApg8WAAAA8R4AAOABaAFoAdAC0AI4BDgEoAWgBQ8ABPAkAQAAEgAK8AgAAAAINAEA
AAoAABMBC/BmAAAAfwAAAAQAgACMPdIChQACAAAAhwAGAAAAvwACAA8AgQEEAAAIgwEAAAAIvwEM
AB4AwAEBAAAI/wEGAA4AAQICAAAIPwIAAAMAvwIBAA8A/wIWAB8AfwMQAD8AhAMAAAAAhgMAAAAA
AAAQ8AgAAABgAyAHXBMNBA8ADfCOAAAAAACfDwQAAAAEAAAAAACoDzQAAABGaWxlIGV4dGVuc2lv
bnMgZm9yIHRoZSBpbnRlcm9wZXJhYmxlIG1vZGU6IHZtaSwgVk1JAAChDyAAAAA1AAAAAAAQAAoA
AgAHADUAAAABAAcAAQAGAAwAAAAABAAApg8WAAAA8R4AAOABaAFoAdAC0AI4BDgEoAWgBQ8ABPBI
AAAAEgAK8AgAAAABNAEAAAwAAIMAC/AwAAAAgQEAAAAIgwEFAAAIkwEeQJcAlAHevWgAvwESABIA
/wEAAAgABAMJAAAAPwMBAAEAEADwByAAAAD///8AAAAAABwcHAAzM5kAAOSoAP/PAQD/AAAAMzPM
AA8A7gNYFAAAAgDvAxgAAAAHAAAADQAAAAAAAAABAACAAAAAAAcAAAAPAAwECBQAAA8AAvAAFAAA
IAEI8AgAAAAVAAAAGDwBAA8AA/CYEwAADwAE8CgAAAABAAnwEAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAC
AArwCAAAAAA8AQAFAAAADwAE8H4AAAASAArwCAAAAAI8AQAgAgAAcwAL8CoAAAAEAAAAAAB/AAAA
BACAAAglwwO/AQAAAQD/AQAAAQABAwnEAACIAwAAAAAAABDwCAAAAMAAEQPYFxACDwAR8BAAAAAA
AMMLCAAAAAAAAAANAMMDDwAN8AwAAAAAAJ4PBAAAAAAAAAAPAAPwthAAAA8ABPBuAAAAAQAJ8BAA
AAAgAQAAQAIAAEAXAABaDgAAAgAK8AgAAAAYPAEAAQIAAAMAC/AAAAAAIwAi8SYAAACfAwEAAACg
wxoAAAAFAAgABAChAQAAaAMAANgBAACWAwAAowEAAAAAEPAIAAAA5gIgAUAXAA8PAATwaQIAABIA
CvAIAAAABDwBAAIKAACzAAvwQgAAAH8AAAAFAIAAgOt1A4cABAAAAL8AAAACAIEBwP75AL8BEQAV
AMABAQAACMsBnDEAAP8BAAAJAAECAgAACD8CAAACAAAAD/AQAAAA4AoAACEJAABAFwAAtwwAAA8A
DfDvAQAAAACfDwQAAAAHAAAAAACoD4sBAABQYWNrZXQtU3dpdGNoZWQgYXBwbGljYXRpb25zIGlu
Y2x1ZGUNIFZvSVAgYmV0d2VlbiBHU00vV0NETUEgYW5kIGNkbWEyMDAwriB0ZXJtaW5hbHMNIFdp
ZGViYW5kIFNwZWVjaCBpbiBNTVMgYmV0d2VlbiBHU00vV0NETUEgYW5kIGNkbWEyMDAwriB0ZXJt
aW5hbHMNIFdpZGViYW5kIFNwZWVjaCBpbiBNU1MgYmV0d2VlbiBHU00vV0NETUEgYW5kIGNkbWEy
MDAwriB0ZXJtaW5hbHMNIFdpZGViYW5kIFNwZWVjaCB1c2luZyBJTVMgYmV0d2VlbiBHU00vV0NE
TUEgYW5kIGNkbWEyMDAwriB0ZXJtaW5hbHMNIE11bHRpbWVkaWEgY29udGVudCBnZW5lcmF0aW9u
IGZvciBib3RoIGNkbWEyMDAwriBhbmQgR1NNL1dDRE1BIG5ldHdvcmtzIGFuZCB0ZXJtaW5hbHMN
IEludGVybmV0IGFwcGxpY2F0aW9ucwAAoQ8oAAAAJQAAAAAAAQAAAA4AZwEAAAAAAQAAAA8AjAEA
AAEAYgABAAEAAQAJAAAApg8YAAAA+R4AAOABAAApASkBWAJYAsIDwgPvBO8EDwAE8CYCAAASAArw
CAAAAAU8AQACCgAAswAL8EIAAAB/AAAABQCAADzsdQOHAAQAAAC/AAAAAgCBAfr9AAC/AREAFQDA
AQEAAAjLAZwxAAD/AQAACQABAgIAAAg/AgAAAgAAAA/wEAAAAOAKAADhAwAAQBcAAEkHAAAPAA3w
rAEAAAAAnw8EAAAABwAAAAAAqA9IAQAAUGFja2V0LVN3aXRjaGVkIGFwcGxpY2F0aW9ucyBpbmNs
dWRlDSBWb0lQIGJldHdlZW4gY2RtYTIwMDCuIHRlcm1pbmFscw0gV2lkZWJhbmQgYW5kIE5hcnJv
d2JhbmQgU3BlZWNoIGluIE1NUyBiZXR3ZWVuIGNkbWEyMDAwriB0ZXJtaW5hbHMNIFdpZGViYW5k
IGFuZCBOYXJyb3diYW5kIFNwZWVjaCBpbiBNU1MgYmV0d2VlbiBjZG1hMjAwMK4gdGVybWluYWxz
DSBXaWRlYmFuZCBhbmQgTmFycm93YmFuZCBTcGVlY2ggdXNpbmcgSU1TIGJldHdlZW4gY2RtYTIw
MDCuIHRlcm1pbmFscw0gTXVsdGltZWRpYSBjb250ZW50IGdlbmVyYXRpb24NIEludGVybmV0IGFw
cGxpY2F0aW9ucwAAoQ8oAAAAJQAAAAAAAQAAAA4AJAEAAAAAAQAAAA8ASQEAAAEAYgABAAEAAQAJ
AAAApg8YAAAA+R4AAOABAAApASkBWAJYAsIDwgPvBO8EDwAE8GABAAASAArwCAAAAAY8AQACCgAA
swAL8EIAAAB/AAAABQCAAFj/0gKHAAQAAAC/AAAAAgCBAf+ZzAC/AREAFQDAAQEAAAjLAZwxAAD/
AQAACQABAgIAAAg/AgAAAgAAAA/wEAAAAOAKAAC3DAAAQBcAAFoOAAAPAA3w5gAAAAAAnw8EAAAA
BwAAAAAAqA+CAAAAQ2lyY3VpdC1Td2l0Y2hlZCBhcHBsaWNhdGlvbnMgaW5jbHVkZSANIFRGTywg
b3IgVHJGTyBtb2JpbGUtdG8tbW9iaWxlIHZvaWNlIGNhbGxzIGJldHdlZW4gR1NNL1dDRE1BIGFu
ZCBjZG1hMjAwMK4gbW9iaWxlIHRlcm1pbmFscwAAoQ8oAAAAJwAAAAAAAQAAAA4AXAAAAAAAAQAA
AA8AgwAAAAEAYgABAAEAAQAJAAAApg8YAAAA+R4AAOABAAApASkBWAJYAsIDwgPvBO8EDwAE8IMB
AAASAArwCAAAAAc8AQACCgAAswAL8EIAAAB/AAAABQCAALwvwwOHAAQAAAC/AAAAAgCBAf+ZmQC/
AREAFQDAAQEAAAjLAZwxAAD/AQAACQABAgIAAAg/AgAAAgAAAA/wEAAAACABAAAhCQAA4AoAAFoO
AAAPAA3wCQEAAAAAnw8EAAAABwAAAAAAqA9zAAAAQ0RNQSBSYXRlLXNldCBJSSBtb2RlIDMgDVsz
R1BQL0FNUi1XQiAoSVRVLVQvRy43MjIuMikgaW50ZXJvcGVyYWJsZSBtb2RlXSANDUVsaW1pbmF0
aW9uIG9mIENyb3NzLXN5c3RlbSBUcmFuc2NvZGluZwAAoQ9aAAAAdAAAAAAAAQgAAA4AAQAYAAAA
AQBiAAEAAQABAAoAAQAAAAAAYgAHAAEACgAwAAAAAQBiAAEAAQABAAoAAwAAAAAAQgABAAoAKAAA
AAEARgABAAEADAAGPej+AACmDxgAAAD5HgAA4AEAACkBKQFYAlgCwgPCA+8E7wQPAATwYAEAABIA
CvAIAAAACDwBAAIKAACzAAvwQgAAAH8AAAAFAIAAqD3DA4cABAAAAL8AAAACAIEB/5kzAL8BEQAV
AMABAQAACMsBnDEAAP8BAAAJAAECAgAACD8CAAACAAAAD/AQAAAA4AoAAEkHAABAFwAAIQkAAA8A
DfDmAAAAAACfDwQAAAAHAAAAAACoD4IAAABDaXJjdWl0LVN3aXRjaGVkIGFwcGxpY2F0aW9ucyBp
bmNsdWRlDSBURk8sIG9yIFRyRk8gbW9iaWxlLXRvLW1vYmlsZSB2b2ljZSBjYWxscyB3aXRoaW4g
Y2RtYTIwMDCuIG5ldHdvcmtzIHVzaW5nIFNlcnZpY2UgT3B0aW9uIDYyAAChDygAAAAmAAAAAAAB
AAAADgBdAAAAAAABAAAADwCDAAAAAQBiAAEAAQABAAkAAACmDxgAAAD5HgAA4AEAACkBKQFYAlgC
wgPCA+8E7wQPAATwPwEAABIACvAIAAAACTwBAAIKAACzAAvwQgAAAH8AAAAFAIAAHEHDA4cABAAA
AL8AAAACAIEBzP8zAL8BEQAVAMABAQAACMsBnDEAAP8BAAAJAAECAgAACD8CAAACAAAAD/AQAAAA
IAEAAOEDAADgCgAAIQkAAA8ADfDFAAAAAACfDwQAAAAHAAAAAACoD00AAABDRE1BIFJhdGUtc2V0
IElJIG1vZGVzIDAsIDEsIGFuZCAyIA0NRXhjZWxsZW50IFF1YWxpdHkgYW5kIFJvYnVzdCBQZXJm
b3JtYW5jZQAAoQ88AAAATgAAAAAAAQgAAA4AAQAiAAAAAQBiAAEAAQABAAoAAwAAAAAAQgABAAoA
KQAAAAEARgABAAEADAAGPej+AACmDxgAAAD5HgAA4AEAACkBKQFYAlgCwgPCA+8E7wQPAATwAgEA
ABIACvAIAAAACjwBAAIKAACzAAvwQgAAAH8AAAAFAIAALFPDA4cABAAAAL8AAAACAIEB/8z/AL8B
EQAVAMABAQAACMsBnDEAAP8BAAAJAAECAgAACD8CAAACAAAAD/AQAAAA4AoAAEACAABAFwAA4QMA
AA8ADfCIAAAAAACfDwQAAAAHAAAAAACoDw4AAACgQXBwbGljYXRpb25zIAAAoQ8+AAAADwAAAAAA
AQgAAA4AAQABAAAAAQBiAAEAAQABAAoADAAAAAEAYgABAAcAAQAKAAIAAAABAGIAAQABAAEACgAA
AKYPGAAAAPkeAADgAQAAKQEpAVgCWALCA8ID7wTvBA8ABPAPAQAAEgAK8AgAAAALPAEAAgoAALMA
C/BCAAAAfwAAAAUAgABcQsMDhwAEAAAAvwAAAAIAgQH/zP8AvwERABUAwAEBAAAIywGcMQAA/wEA
AAkAAQICAAAIPwIAAAIAAAAP8BAAAAAgAQAAQAIAAOAKAADhAwAADwAN8JUAAAAAAJ8PBAAAAAcA
AAAAAKgPLQAAAE1vZGVzIG9mIHRoZSBjZG1hMjAwMK4gd2lkZWJhbmQgc3BlZWNoIGNvZGVjIAAA
oQ8sAAAALgAAAAAAAQgAAA4AAQAsAAAAAQBiAAEABwABAAoAAgAAAAEAQgABAAEACgAAAKYPGAAA
APkeAADgAQAAKQEpAVgCWALCA8ID7wTvBA8ABPBsAAAAQgEK8AgAAAAMPAEAAgoAAKMAC/A8AAAA
fwAAAAEAhwAEAAAAvwEAABAAwAEBAAAIywGfbwAA1wEBAAAA/wEIAAsAAQICAAAIPwIAAAIAvwIA
AAgAAAAP8BAAAAAgAQAAQAIAAEAXAABAAgAADwAE8GYAAABCAQrwCAAAAA08AQACCgAAkwAL8DYA
AAB/AAAAAQCHAAQAAAC/AQAAEADAAQEAAAjLAZwxAAD/AQgACwABAgIAAAg/AgAAAgC/AgAACAAA
AA/wEAAAACABAADhAwAAQBcAAOEDAAAPAATwZgAAAEIBCvAIAAAADjwBAAIKAACTAAvwNgAAAH8A
AAABAIcABAAAAL8BAAAQAMABAQAACMsBnDEAAP8BCAALAAECAgAACD8CAAACAL8CAAAIAAAAD/AQ
AAAAIAEAACEJAABAFwAAIQkAAA8ABPBsAAAAQgEK8AgAAAAPPAEAAgoAAKMAC/A8AAAAfwAAAAEA
hwAEAAAAvwEAABAAwAEBAAAIywGfbwAA1wEBAAAA/wEIAAsAAQICAAAIPwIAAAIAvwIAAAgAAAAP
8BAAAAAgAQAAWg4AAEAXAABaDgAADwAE8GwAAABCAQrwCAAAABA8AQACCgAAowAL8DwAAAB/AAAA
AQCHAAQAAAC/AQAAEADAAQEAAAjLAZ9vAADXAQEAAAD/AQgACwABAgIAAAg/AgAAAgC/AgAACAAA
AA/wEAAAACABAABAAgAAIAEAAFoOAAAPAATwZgAAAEIBCvAIAAAAETwBAAIKAACTAAvwNgAAAH8A
AAABAIcABAAAAL8BAAAQAMABAQAACMsBnDEAAP8BCAALAAECAgAACD8CAAACAL8CAAAIAAAAD/AQ
AAAA4AoAAEACAADgCgAAWg4AAA8ABPBsAAAAQgEK8AgAAAASPAEAAgoAAKMAC/A8AAAAfwAAAAEA
hwAEAAAAvwEAABAAwAEBAAAIywGfbwAA1wEBAAAA/wEIAAsAAQICAAAIPwIAAAIAvwIAAAgAAAAP
8BAAAABAFwAAQAIAAEAXAABaDgAADwAE8FoAAABCAQrwCAAAABM8AQACCgAAcwAL8CoAAAC/AQAA
EADAAQEAAAjLAZwxAAD/AQgACgABAgIAAAg/AgAAAgC/AgAACAAAAA/wEAAAAOAKAABJBwAAQBcA
AEkHAAAPAATwWgAAAEIBCvAIAAAAFDwBAAIKAABzAAvwKgAAAL8BAAAQAMABAQAACMsBnDEAAP8B
CAAKAAECAgAACD8CAAACAL8CAAAIAAAAD/AQAAAA4AoAALcMAABAFwAAtwwAAA8ABPAcAgAAogwK
8AgAAAAVPAEAAAoAAMMAC/BIAAAAgAC8X8MDhQACAAAAhwAGAAAAvwACAAIAgQEAAAAIgwEAAAAI
vwEAABAAwAEBAAAIywGcMQAA/wEAAAgAAQICAAAIPwIAAAIAAAAQ8AgAAAAaDyABlRAkEA8ADfCk
AQAAAACfDwQAAAAEAAAAAACoD8IAAABWb0lQOiBWb2ljZSBvdmVyIEludGVybmV0IFByb3RvY29s
OyBNTVM6IE11bHRpbWVkaWEgTWVzc2FnaW5nIFNlcnZpY2U7IE1TUzogTXVsdGltZWRpYSBTdHJl
YW1pbmcgU2VydmljZQ1JTVM6IElQIE11bHRpbWVkaWEgU3Vic3lzdGVtOyBURk86IFRhbmRlbS1G
cmVlIE9wZXJhdGlvbjsgVHJGTzogVHJhbnNjb2Rlci1GcmVlIE9wZXJhdGlvbgAAoQ+oAAAAwwAA
AAAAABAAAFoABAAAAAEAAwABAAQADAAgAAAAAAADAAQADAADAAAAAQADAAEABAAMACAAAAAAAAMA
BAAMAAMAAAABAAMAAQAEAAwAHwAAAAAAAwAEAAwAAwAAAAEAAwABAAQADAAbAAAAAAADAAQADAAD
AAAAAQADAAEABAAMABkAAAAAAAMABAAMAAQAAAABAAMAAQAEAAwAHAAAAAAAAwAEAAwAAACmDxYA
AADxHgAA4AFoAWgB0ALQAjgEOASgBaAFDwAE8EgAAAASAArwCAAAAAE8AQAADAAAgwAL8DAAAACB
AQAAAAiDAQUAAAiTAR5AlwCUAd69aAC/ARIAEgD/AQAACAAEAwkAAAA/AwEAAQAQAPAHIAAAAP//
/wAAAAAAHBwcADMzmQAA5KgA/88BAP8AAAAzM8wADwDuA9sCAAACAO8DGAAAAAcAAAANAAAAAAAA
AAEAAIAAAAAABwAAAA8ADASLAgAADwAC8IMCAAAwAQjwCAAAAAMAAAAE6AAADwAD8BsCAAAPAATw
KAAAAAEACfAQAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAIACvAIAAAAAOgAAAUAAAAPAATweAAAABIACvAI
AAAABOgAACACAABjAAvwJAAAAAQAAAAAAH8AAAAEAIAASGfDA78BAAABAP8BAAABAAEDCcQAAAAA
EPAIAAAAwAARA9gXEAIPABHwEAAAAAAAwwsIAAAAAAAAAA0AwwMPAA3wDAAAAAAAng8EAAAAAAAA
AA8ABPBjAQAAEgAK8AgAAAAD6AAAIAIAAGMAC/AkAAAABAAAAAAAfwAAAAQAgADYZ8MDvwEAAAEA
/wEAAAEAAQMKxAAAAAAQ8AgAAADgBBACUBYwCQ8AEfAQAAAAAADDCwgAAAD/////EADDAw8ADfD3
AAAAAACfDwQAAAAFAAAAAACoD50AAABXZSB3b3VsZCBsaWtlIHRvIGFzayBJRVRGL0FWVCBXRyB0
byBhZG9wdCB0aGlzIGRyYWZ0IGFzIGEgV29ya2luZyBHcm91cCBkb2N1bWVudCAod29yayBpdGVt
KQ10byBhY2NlbGVyYXRlIGl0cyBmdXJ0aGVyIGRldmVsb3BtZW50IGFuZCBjb21wbGV0aW9uDQ1U
aGFuayBZb3UhAAChDz4AAACeAAAAAAAAAAAAXQAAAAEAAgABACQANQAAAAEAAgABABQAAQAAAAEA
AgABABgACwAAAAEABgABABgA91FR/g8ABPBIAAAAEgAK8AgAAAAB6AAAAAwAAIMAC/AwAAAAgQEA
AAAIgwEFAAAIkwEeQJcAlAHevWgAvwESABIA/wEAAAgABAMJAAAAPwMBAAEAEADwByAAAAD///8A
AAAAABwcHAAzM5kAAOSoAP/PAQD/AAAAMzPMABAAERB7AQAAAAwAAHicu3Be8MHCjVIPGdCAHQMz
w7//nAxsSGKMUAwGAgwMTFD+v////8OE/4+CIQX+AjELNA5heBSMHBDEkA+EJQwKDK4MeUC6iKES
vSjAC8QYWOF5HlQeMJ1jAosfgEi7IaudUD5jWgzjEUZmINuBEVam+DPkMKSSZCcy4GJgYkT2D7H6
RBhg9jsD/Z/LUAB0RxJDFsn2CwHtB3kF5Cdi7QepT4OymaD+DwCGfCpDMYMBGBIPJKD+ZyHBfpBb
YXb8g8bbaP4fmYARUo2jgBuCMkSnP0ZgymHmgqQ99LwvDiR8M5OL8ovz00oUXAtLE0sy8/MUjPUM
GHiAUi7BcDEGbiAfxtEzZvhiuamQOPtB9oLSMwsDJF+B3YFFnZ+jnyc2/SCfMjG4HeKF8jcsFGGI
uQ0pHZgZGZkZuRiZ2qYoEueYIQhcGQoZShkSgSV/JrAczAPWA35QXhlRpbICMPSQ0xMxdoLiSpMy
Z6MAUu2nNhjK9gMAaqE+WRAAERB7AQAAAAwAAHicu3Be8MHCjVIPGdCAHQMzw7//nAxsSGKMUAwG
AgwMTFD+v////8OE/4+CIQX+AjELNA5heBSMHBDEkA+EJQwKDK4MeUC6iKESvSjAC8QYWOF5HlQe
MJ1jAosfgEi7IaudUD5jWgzjEUZmINuBEVam+DPkMKSSZCcy4GJgYkT2D7H6RBhg9jsD/Z/LUAB0
RxJDFsn2CwHtB3kF5Cdi7QepT4OymaD+DwCGfCpDMYMBGBIPJKD+ZyHBfpBbYXb8g8bbaP4fmYAR
Uo2jgBuCMkSnP0ZgymHmgqQ99LwvDiR8M5OL8ovz00oUXAtLE0sy8/MUjPUMGHiAUi7BcDEGbiAf
xtEzZvhiuamQOPtB9oLSMwsDJF+B3YFFnZ+jnyc2/SCfMjG4HeKF8jcsFGGIuQ0pHZgZGZkZuRiZ
2qYoEueYIQhcGQoZShkSgSV/JrAczAPWA35QXhlRpbICMPSQ0xMxdoLiSpMyZ6MAUu2nNhjK9gMA
aqE+WQAAchdwAAAAAQAwAAAAAAC0VwAAP1oAAAUAEAARWwAAFgAgAPU+AAB7TQAAHwAgABlfAAD+
AwEAJgCQAFeOAADhBgEAZAgBAAthAAAvYwAAU2UAAEmQAAA/qQAAYc8AADEAUABx0QAAMeAAAJLl
AAD23AAAnu8AAAAA9Q8cAAAAEgEAAI8VAAMAAAAA5wkBAAEAAAA1AAAAAQAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAP7/AAAFAAIAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAEAAADg
hZ/y+U9oEKuRCAArJ7PZMAAAALQwAAAQAAAAAQAAAIgAAAACAAAAkAAAAAMAAACwAAAABAAAALwA
AAAFAAAA1AAAAAcAAADgAAAACAAAADQBAAAJAAAATAEAABIAAABYAQAACgAAAHwBAAALAAAAiAEA
AAwAAACUAQAADQAAAKABAAAOAAAArAEAAA8AAAC0AQAAEQAAALwBAAACAAAA5AQAAB4AAAAYAAAA
UG93ZXJQb2ludCBQcmVzZW50YXRpb24AHgAAAAEAAAAAb3dlHgAAAA4AAABTYXNzYW4gQWhtYWRp
AHNlHgAAAAEAAAAAYXNzHgAAAEwAAABDOlxQcm9ncmFtIEZpbGVzXE1pY3Jvc29mdCBPZmZpY2Vc
VGVtcGxhdGVzXFByZXNlbnRhdGlvbiBEZXNpZ25zXEJsZW5kcy5wb3QAHgAAAA4AAABTYXNzYW4g
QWhtYWRpAGVzHgAAAAMAAAAyNgBzHgAAABkAAABNaWNyb3NvZnQgUG93ZXJQb2ludCA0LjAAdCBP
QAAAAIAVwjCLAAAAQAAAAEBx7W16kL4BQAAAAFAaw/7lc8MBQAAAAIBRZ+HEMsQBAwAAAA8AAAAD
AAAARQcAAEcAAADwLgAA/////wMAAAAIADsNLgkAAAEACQAAA3AXAAAIAEIAAAAAABEAAAAmBg8A
GAD/////AAAQAAAAAAAAAAAAAAMAABUCAAAJAAAAJgYPAAgA/////wIAAAAXAAAAJgYPACMA////
/wQAGwBUTlBQFAD8ALoAMgAAAP//TwAUAAAATQBpAC8ACgAAACYGDwAKAFROUFAAAAIA9AMJAAAA
JgYPAAgA/////wMAAAAPAAAAJgYPABQAVE5QUAQADAABAAAAAQAAAAAAAAAFAAAACwIAAAAABQAA
AAwCFQIAAwUAAAAEAQ0AAAAHAAAA/AIAAP///wAAAAQAAAAtAQAACAAAAPoCBQABAAAAAAAAAAQA
AAAtAQEABAAAAC0BAAAJAAAAHQYhAPAAFQIAAwAAAAAEAAAALQEAAAcAAAD8AgAA////AAAABAAA
AC0BAgAEAAAA8AEAAAgAAAD6AgAAAAAAAAAAAAAEAAAALQEAABAAAAAmBg8AFgD/////AAAAAAAA
vgAAAPUCAAAPAQAAEAAAACYGDwAWAP////8AABgAAADGAAAAVAAAAOsAAAAHAAAA/AIAADMzzAAA
AAQAAAAtAQMABAAAAC0BAQAEAAAALQEDAAkAAAAdBiEA8AAlACUAxgAYAAQAAAAtAQMABAAAAC0B
AgAEAAAA8AEDAAQAAAAtAQAAEAAAACYGDwAWAP////8AADkAAADGAAAAVAAAAOsAAAAIAAAAJgYP
AAYA/////wAABAAAAC0BAQAHAAAA/AIBAAAAAAAAAAQAAAAtAQMABQAAAAcBBAAAAAcAAAD8AgAA
Tk7PAAAABAAAAC0BBAAMAAAAJAMEADkAxgBBAMYAQQDrADkA6wAHAAAA/AIAAKen4gAAAAQAAAAt
AQUABAAAAPABBAAMAAAAJAMEAEEAxgBJAMYASQDrAEEA6wAHAAAA/AIAAOvr9wAAAAQAAAAtAQQA
BAAAAPABBQAMAAAAJAMEAEkAxgBRAMYAUQDrAEkA6wAHAAAA/AIAAP///wAAAAQAAAAtAQUABAAA
APABBAAMAAAAJAMEAFEAxgBUAMYAVADrAFEA6wAEAAAALQEDAAQAAADwAQUABAAAAC0BAAAEAAAA
LQECAAUAAAAHAQEAAAAIAAAAJgYPAAYA/////wEACAAAACYGDwAGAP////8BAAgAAAAmBg8ABgD/
////AQAQAAAAJgYPABYA/////wAAIwAAAOcAAABhAAAADAEAAAcAAAD8AgAA/88BAAAABAAAAC0B
BAAEAAAALQEBAAQAAAAtAQQACQAAAB0GIQDwACUAIwDnACMABAAAAC0BBAAEAAAALQECAAQAAADw
AQQABAAAAC0BAAAQAAAAJgYPABYA/////wAAQgAAAOcAAABhAAAADAEAAAgAAAAmBg8ABgD/////
AAAEAAAALQEBAAQAAAAtAQMABQAAAAcBBAAAAAcAAAD8AgAA/9E4AAAABAAAAC0BBAAMAAAAJAME
AEIA5wBKAOcASgAMAUIADAEHAAAA/AIAAP/fkAAAAAQAAAAtAQUABAAAAPABBAAMAAAAJAMEAEoA
5wBSAOcAUgAMAUoADAEHAAAA/AIAAP/z2gAAAAQAAAAtAQQABAAAAPABBQAMAAAAJAMEAFIA5wBa
AOcAWgAMAVIADAEHAAAA/AIAAP///wAAAAQAAAAtAQUABAAAAPABBAAMAAAAJAMEAFoA5wBhAOcA
YQAMAVoADAEEAAAALQEDAAQAAADwAQUABAAAAC0BAAAEAAAALQECAAUAAAAHAQEAAAAIAAAAJgYP
AAYA/////wEACAAAACYGDwAGAP////8BAAgAAAAmBg8ABgD/////AQAQAAAAJgYPABYA/////wAA
AAAAAOEAAAAvAAAAAgEAAAgAAAAmBg8ABgD/////AAAEAAAALQEBAAQAAAAtAQMABQAAAAcBBAAA
AAYAAAAmBiYAAgABAAUAAAAEAQcAAAAHAAAA/AIAAP8hIQAAAAQAAAAtAQQADAAAACQDBAAwAOEA
AADAAAAAyAAwAOkABwAAAPwCAAD/SEgAAAAEAAAALQEFAAQAAADwAQQADAAAACQDBAAwAOkAAADI
AAAA0AAwAPEABwAAAPwCAAD/cnIAAAAEAAAALQEEAAQAAADwAQUADAAAACQDBAAwAPEAAADQAAAA
2AAwAPkABwAAAPwCAAD/m5sAAAAEAAAALQEFAAQAAADwAQQADAAAACQDBAAwAPkAAADYAAAA4AAw
AAEBBwAAAPwCAAD/wcEAAAAEAAAALQEEAAQAAADwAQUADAAAACQDBAAwAAEBAADgAAAA6AAwAAkB
BwAAAPwCAAD/3t4AAAAEAAAALQEFAAQAAADwAQQADAAAACQDBAAwAAkBAADoAAAA8AAwABEBBwAA
APwCAAD/8fEAAAAEAAAALQEEAAQAAADwAQUADAAAACQDBAAwABEBAADwAAAA+AAwABkBBwAAAPwC
AAD/+/sAAAAEAAAALQEFAAQAAADwAQQADAAAACQDBAAwABkBAAD4AAAAAAEwACEBBwAAAPwCAAD/
//8AAAAEAAAALQEEAAQAAADwAQUADAAAACQDBAAwACEBAAAAAQAAAgEwACMBDAAAACQDBAAwACMB
AAACAQAAAgEwACMBBgAAACYGJgACAAAABgAAACYGARACAAAACAAAAPoCAAAAAAAA////AAQAAAAt
AQUABQAAAAQBCwAAAAUAAAAmBgAQAAAMAAAAJAMEAAAA4QAAAAIBLwACAS8A4QASAAAAJgYCEBoA
AAABAQUAAAAAAAAAAAABAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAGAAAAJgYBEAIAAgAEAAAALQEBAAYAAAAmBiYAAgAB
AAUAAAAEAQ0AAAAGAAAAJgYmAAIAAAAHAAAA/AIAAAAAAAAAAAQAAAAtAQYABAAAAPABBAAGAAAA
JgYmAAIAAQAHAAAAGwQDATAA4QAAAAYAAAAmBiYAAgAAAAUAAAAEAQcAAAAHAAAA/AIAAP8hIQAA
AAQAAAAtAQQADAAAACQDBAAwAOEAAADAAAAAyAAwAOkABwAAAPwCAAD/SEgAAAAEAAAALQEHAAQA
AADwAQQADAAAACQDBAAwAOkAAADIAAAA0AAwAPEABwAAAPwCAAD/cnIAAAAEAAAALQEEAAQAAADw
AQcADAAAACQDBAAwAPEAAADQAAAA2AAwAPkABwAAAPwCAAD/m5sAAAAEAAAALQEHAAQAAADwAQQA
DAAAACQDBAAwAPkAAADYAAAA4AAwAAEBBwAAAPwCAAD/wcEAAAAEAAAALQEEAAQAAADwAQcADAAA
ACQDBAAwAAEBAADgAAAA6AAwAAkBBwAAAPwCAAD/3t4AAAAEAAAALQEHAAQAAADwAQQADAAAACQD
BAAwAAkBAADoAAAA8AAwABEBBwAAAPwCAAD/8fEAAAAEAAAALQEEAAQAAADwAQcADAAAACQDBAAw
ABEBAADwAAAA+AAwABkBBwAAAPwCAAD/+/sAAAAEAAAALQEHAAQAAADwAQQADAAAACQDBAAwABkB
AAD4AAAAAAEwACEBBwAAAPwCAAD///8AAAAEAAAALQEEAAQAAADwAQcADAAAACQDBAAwACEBAAAA
AQAAAgEwACMBDAAAACQDBAAwACMBAAACAQAAAgEwACMBBgAAACYGARACAAEABAAAAC0BAwAEAAAA
8AEEAAUAAAAEAQ0AAAAEAAAALQEAAAQAAAAtAQIABQAAAAcBAQAAAAgAAAAmBg8ABgD/////AQAI
AAAAJgYPAAYA/////wEABwAAAPwCAAAcHBwAAAAEAAAALQEEAAQAAAAtAQEABAAAAC0BBAAJAAAA
HQYhAPAAUQADAL4ANQAEAAAALQEEAAQAAAAtAQIABAAAAPABBAAEAAAALQEAABAAAAAmBg8AFgD/
////AAAbAAAA/QAAAPUCAAACAQAACAAAACYGDwAGAP////8AAAQAAAAtAQEABAAAAC0BAwAFAAAA
BwEEAAAABwAAAPwCAAAdHR0AAAAEAAAALQEEAAwAAAAkAwQAGwD9ACMA/QAjAAIBGwACAQcAAAD8
AgAAICAgAAAABAAAAC0BBwAEAAAA8AEEAAwAAAAkAwQAIwD9ACsA/QArAAIBIwACAQcAAAD8AgAA
IyMjAAAABAAAAC0BBAAEAAAA8AEHAAwAAAAkAwQAKwD9ADMA/QAzAAIBKwACAQcAAAD8AgAAJSUl
AAAABAAAAC0BBwAEAAAA8AEEAAwAAAAkAwQAMwD9ADsA/QA7AAIBMwACAQcAAAD8AgAAKCgoAAAA
BAAAAC0BBAAEAAAA8AEHAAwAAAAkAwQAOwD9AEMA/QBDAAIBOwACAQcAAAD8AgAAKysrAAAABAAA
AC0BBwAEAAAA8AEEAAwAAAAkAwQAQwD9AEsA/QBLAAIBQwACAQcAAAD8AgAALi4uAAAABAAAAC0B
BAAEAAAA8AEHAAwAAAAkAwQASwD9AFMA/QBTAAIBSwACAQcAAAD8AgAAMTExAAAABAAAAC0BBwAE
AAAA8AEEAAwAAAAkAwQAUwD9AFsA/QBbAAIBUwACAQcAAAD8AgAAMzMzAAAABAAAAC0BBAAEAAAA
8AEHAAwAAAAkAwQAWwD9AGMA/QBjAAIBWwACAQcAAAD8AgAANjY2AAAABAAAAC0BBwAEAAAA8AEE
AAwAAAAkAwQAYwD9AGsA/QBrAAIBYwACAQcAAAD8AgAAOjo6AAAABAAAAC0BBAAEAAAA8AEHAAwA
AAAkAwQAawD9AHMA/QBzAAIBawACAQcAAAD8AgAAPT09AAAABAAAAC0BBwAEAAAA8AEEAAwAAAAk
AwQAcwD9AHsA/QB7AAIBcwACAQcAAAD8AgAAQEBAAAAABAAAAC0BBAAEAAAA8AEHAAwAAAAkAwQA
ewD9AIMA/QCDAAIBewACAQcAAAD8AgAAQ0NDAAAABAAAAC0BBwAEAAAA8AEEAAwAAAAkAwQAgwD9
AIsA/QCLAAIBgwACAQcAAAD8AgAARkZGAAAABAAAAC0BBAAEAAAA8AEHAAwAAAAkAwQAiwD9AJMA
/QCTAAIBiwACAQcAAAD8AgAASkpKAAAABAAAAC0BBwAEAAAA8AEEAAwAAAAkAwQAkwD9AJsA/QCb
AAIBkwACAQcAAAD8AgAATU1NAAAABAAAAC0BBAAEAAAA8AEHAAwAAAAkAwQAmwD9AKMA/QCjAAIB
mwACAQcAAAD8AgAAUVFRAAAABAAAAC0BBwAEAAAA8AEEAAwAAAAkAwQAowD9AKsA/QCrAAIBowAC
AQcAAAD8AgAAU1NTAAAABAAAAC0BBAAEAAAA8AEHAAwAAAAkAwQAqwD9ALMA/QCzAAIBqwACAQcA
AAD8AgAAV1dXAAAABAAAAC0BBwAEAAAA8AEEAAwAAAAkAwQAswD9ALsA/QC7AAIBswACAQcAAAD8
AgAAW1tbAAAABAAAAC0BBAAEAAAA8AEHAAwAAAAkAwQAuwD9AMMA/QDDAAIBuwACAQcAAAD8AgAA
Xl5eAAAABAAAAC0BBwAEAAAA8AEEAAwAAAAkAwQAwwD9AMsA/QDLAAIBwwACAQcAAAD8AgAAYmJi
AAAABAAAAC0BBAAEAAAA8AEHAAwAAAAkAwQAywD9ANMA/QDTAAIBywACAQcAAAD8AgAAZWVlAAAA
BAAAAC0BBwAEAAAA8AEEAAwAAAAkAwQA0wD9ANsA/QDbAAIB0wACAQcAAAD8AgAAaWlpAAAABAAA
AC0BBAAEAAAA8AEHAAwAAAAkAwQA2wD9AOMA/QDjAAIB2wACAQcAAAD8AgAAbW1tAAAABAAAAC0B
BwAEAAAA8AEEAAwAAAAkAwQA4wD9AOsA/QDrAAIB4wACAQcAAAD8AgAAcHBwAAAABAAAAC0BBAAE
AAAA8AEHAAwAAAAkAwQA6wD9APMA/QDzAAIB6wACAQcAAAD8AgAAdHR0AAAABAAAAC0BBwAEAAAA
8AEEAAwAAAAkAwQA8wD9APsA/QD7AAIB8wACAQcAAAD8AgAAd3d3AAAABAAAAC0BBAAEAAAA8AEH
AAwAAAAkAwQA+wD9AAMB/QADAQIB+wACAQcAAAD8AgAAe3t7AAAABAAAAC0BBwAEAAAA8AEEAAwA
AAAkAwQAAwH9AAsB/QALAQIBAwECAQcAAAD8AgAAf39/AAAABAAAAC0BBAAEAAAA8AEHAAwAAAAk
AwQACwH9ABMB/QATAQIBCwECAQcAAAD8AgAAg4ODAAAABAAAAC0BBwAEAAAA8AEEAAwAAAAkAwQA
EwH9ABsB/QAbAQIBEwECAQcAAAD8AgAAh4eHAAAABAAAAC0BBAAEAAAA8AEHAAwAAAAkAwQAGwH9
ACMB/QAjAQIBGwECAQcAAAD8AgAAioqKAAAABAAAAC0BBwAEAAAA8AEEAAwAAAAkAwQAIwH9ACsB
/QArAQIBIwECAQcAAAD8AgAAjY2NAAAABAAAAC0BBAAEAAAA8AEHAAwAAAAkAwQAKwH9ADMB/QAz
AQIBKwECAQcAAAD8AgAAkZGRAAAABAAAAC0BBwAEAAAA8AEEAAwAAAAkAwQAMwH9ADsB/QA7AQIB
MwECAQcAAAD8AgAAlZWVAAAABAAAAC0BBAAEAAAA8AEHAAwAAAAkAwQAOwH9AEMB/QBDAQIBOwEC
AQcAAAD8AgAAmZmZAAAABAAAAC0BBwAEAAAA8AEEAAwAAAAkAwQAQwH9AEsB/QBLAQIBQwECAQcA
AAD8AgAAnZ2dAAAABAAAAC0BBAAEAAAA8AEHAAwAAAAkAwQASwH9AFMB/QBTAQIBSwECAQcAAAD8
AgAAoKCgAAAABAAAAC0BBwAEAAAA8AEEAAwAAAAkAwQAUwH9AFsB/QBbAQIBUwECAQcAAAD8AgAA
o6OjAAAABAAAAC0BBAAEAAAA8AEHAAwAAAAkAwQAWwH9AGMB/QBjAQIBWwECAQcAAAD8AgAAp6en
AAAABAAAAC0BBwAEAAAA8AEEAAwAAAAkAwQAYwH9AGsB/QBrAQIBYwECAQcAAAD8AgAAq6urAAAA
BAAAAC0BBAAEAAAA8AEHAAwAAAAkAwQAawH9AHMB/QBzAQIBawECAQcAAAD8AgAArq6uAAAABAAA
AC0BBwAEAAAA8AEEAAwAAAAkAwQAcwH9AHsB/QB7AQIBcwECAQcAAAD8AgAAsbGxAAAABAAAAC0B
BAAEAAAA8AEHAAwAAAAkAwQAewH9AIMB/QCDAQIBewECAQcAAAD8AgAAtLS0AAAABAAAAC0BBwAE
AAAA8AEEAAwAAAAkAwQAgwH9AIsB/QCLAQIBgwECAQcAAAD8AgAAuLi4AAAABAAAAC0BBAAEAAAA
8AEHAAwAAAAkAwQAiwH9AJMB/QCTAQIBiwECAQcAAAD8AgAAu7u7AAAABAAAAC0BBwAEAAAA8AEE
AAwAAAAkAwQAkwH9AJsB/QCbAQIBkwECAQcAAAD8AgAAvr6+AAAABAAAAC0BBAAEAAAA8AEHAAwA
AAAkAwQAmwH9AKMB/QCjAQIBmwECAQcAAAD8AgAAwcHBAAAABAAAAC0BBwAEAAAA8AEEAAwAAAAk
AwQAowH9AKsB/QCrAQIBowECAQcAAAD8AgAAxMTEAAAABAAAAC0BBAAEAAAA8AEHAAwAAAAkAwQA
qwH9ALMB/QCzAQIBqwECAQcAAAD8AgAAx8fHAAAABAAAAC0BBwAEAAAA8AEEAAwAAAAkAwQAswH9
ALsB/QC7AQIBswECAQcAAAD8AgAAysrKAAAABAAAAC0BBAAEAAAA8AEHAAwAAAAkAwQAuwH9AMMB
/QDDAQIBuwECAQcAAAD8AgAAzc3NAAAABAAAAC0BBwAEAAAA8AEEAAwAAAAkAwQAwwH9AMsB/QDL
AQIBwwECAQcAAAD8AgAAz8/PAAAABAAAAC0BBAAEAAAA8AEHAAwAAAAkAwQAywH9ANMB/QDTAQIB
ywECAQcAAAD8AgAA0tLSAAAABAAAAC0BBwAEAAAA8AEEAAwAAAAkAwQA0wH9ANsB/QDbAQIB0wEC
AQcAAAD8AgAA1NTUAAAABAAAAC0BBAAEAAAA8AEHAAwAAAAkAwQA2wH9AOMB/QDjAQIB2wECAQcA
AAD8AgAA19fXAAAABAAAAC0BBwAEAAAA8AEEAAwAAAAkAwQA4wH9AOsB/QDrAQIB4wECAQcAAAD8
AgAA2dnZAAAABAAAAC0BBAAEAAAA8AEHAAwAAAAkAwQA6wH9APMB/QDzAQIB6wECAQcAAAD8AgAA
29vbAAAABAAAAC0BBwAEAAAA8AEEAAwAAAAkAwQA8wH9APsB/QD7AQIB8wECAQcAAAD8AgAA3d3d
AAAABAAAAC0BBAAEAAAA8AEHAAwAAAAkAwQA+wH9AAMC/QADAgIB+wECAQcAAAD8AgAA4ODgAAAA
BAAAAC0BBwAEAAAA8AEEAAwAAAAkAwQAAwL9AAsC/QALAgIBAwICAQcAAAD8AgAA4uLiAAAABAAA
AC0BBAAEAAAA8AEHAAwAAAAkAwQACwL9ABMC/QATAgIBCwICAQcAAAD8AgAA5OTkAAAABAAAAC0B
BwAEAAAA8AEEAAwAAAAkAwQAEwL9ABsC/QAbAgIBEwICAQcAAAD8AgAA5eXlAAAABAAAAC0BBAAE
AAAA8AEHAAwAAAAkAwQAGwL9ACMC/QAjAgIBGwICAQcAAAD8AgAA5+fnAAAABAAAAC0BBwAEAAAA
8AEEAAwAAAAkAwQAIwL9ACsC/QArAgIBIwICAQcAAAD8AgAA6enpAAAABAAAAC0BBAAEAAAA8AEH
AAwAAAAkAwQAKwL9ADMC/QAzAgIBKwICAQcAAAD8AgAA6+vrAAAABAAAAC0BBwAEAAAA8AEEAAwA
AAAkAwQAMwL9ADsC/QA7AgIBMwICAQcAAAD8AgAA7OzsAAAABAAAAC0BBAAEAAAA8AEHAAwAAAAk
AwQAOwL9AEMC/QBDAgIBOwICAQcAAAD8AgAA7e3tAAAABAAAAC0BBwAEAAAA8AEEAAwAAAAkAwQA
QwL9AEsC/QBLAgIBQwICAQcAAAD8AgAA7+/vAAAABAAAAC0BBAAEAAAA8AEHAAwAAAAkAwQASwL9
AFMC/QBTAgIBSwICAQcAAAD8AgAA8PDwAAAABAAAAC0BBwAEAAAA8AEEAAwAAAAkAwQAUwL9AFsC
/QBbAgIBUwICAQcAAAD8AgAA8vLyAAAABAAAAC0BBAAEAAAA8AEHAAwAAAAkAwQAWwL9AGMC/QBj
AgIBWwICAQcAAAD8AgAA8/PzAAAABAAAAC0BBwAEAAAA8AEEAAwAAAAkAwQAYwL9AGsC/QBrAgIB
YwICAQcAAAD8AgAA9PT0AAAABAAAAC0BBAAEAAAA8AEHAAwAAAAkAwQAawL9AHMC/QBzAgIBawIC
AQcAAAD8AgAA9fX1AAAABAAAAC0BBwAEAAAA8AEEAAwAAAAkAwQAcwL9AHsC/QB7AgIBcwICAQcA
AAD8AgAA9vb2AAAABAAAAC0BBAAEAAAA8AEHAAwAAAAkAwQAewL9AIMC/QCDAgIBewICAQcAAAD8
AgAA9/f3AAAABAAAAC0BBwAEAAAA8AEEAAwAAAAkAwQAgwL9AIsC/QCLAgIBgwICAQcAAAD8AgAA
+Pj4AAAABAAAAC0BBAAEAAAA8AEHAAwAAAAkAwQAiwL9AJMC/QCTAgIBiwICAQcAAAD8AgAA+fn5
AAAABAAAAC0BBwAEAAAA8AEEAAwAAAAkAwQAkwL9AJsC/QCbAgIBkwICAQwAAAAkAwQAmwL9AKMC
/QCjAgIBmwICAQcAAAD8AgAA+vr6AAAABAAAAC0BBAAEAAAA8AEHAAwAAAAkAwQAowL9AKsC/QCr
AgIBowICAQcAAAD8AgAA+/v7AAAABAAAAC0BBwAEAAAA8AEEAAwAAAAkAwQAqwL9ALMC/QCzAgIB
qwICAQwAAAAkAwQAswL9ALsC/QC7AgIBswICAQcAAAD8AgAA/Pz8AAAABAAAAC0BBAAEAAAA8AEH
AAwAAAAkAwQAuwL9AMMC/QDDAgIBuwICAQwAAAAkAwQAwwL9AMsC/QDLAgIBwwICAQcAAAD8AgAA
/f39AAAABAAAAC0BBwAEAAAA8AEEAAwAAAAkAwQAywL9ANMC/QDTAgIBywICAQwAAAAkAwQA0wL9
ANsC/QDbAgIB0wICAQcAAAD8AgAA/v7+AAAABAAAAC0BBAAEAAAA8AEHAAwAAAAkAwQA2wL9AOMC
/QDjAgIB2wICAQwAAAAkAwQA4wL9AOsC/QDrAgIB4wICAQwAAAAkAwQA6wL9APMC/QDzAgIB6wIC
AQcAAAD8AgAA////AAAABAAAAC0BBwAEAAAA8AEEAAwAAAAkAwQA8wL9APUC/QD1AgIB8wICAQQA
AAAtAQMABAAAAPABBwAEAAAALQEAAAQAAAAtAQIABQAAAAcBAQAAAAgAAAAmBg8ABgD/////AQAI
AAAAJgYPAAYA/////wEACAAAACYGDwAGAP////8BABAAAAAmBg8AFgD/////AABSAAAA5QEAAPQA
AAAKAgAACAAAACYGDwAGAP////8BABwAAAD7AgAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAADNEgAEq/R3QAAA
AOoFCjZb1PR3ZNT0dwEAAAAAADAABAAAAC0BBAAFAAAACQIAAAACBQAAABQCAAAAAAUAAAACAQIA
AAAQAAAAJgYPABYA/////wAAHwEAAOUBAAAUAgAACgIAAAgAAAAmBg8ABgD/////AQAFAAAACQIA
AAACBQAAABQCAAAAAAUAAAACAQIAAAAEAAAALQEDAAQAAAAtAQEABwAAABsE6ADhAo4AUwAEAAAA
LQECAAQAAAAtAQAABQAAAAkCAAAAAgUAAAAUAgAAAAAcAAAA+wLk/wAAAAAAAJABAAAAAABAACJB
cmlhbAD0d0AAAAB9BQodW9T0d2TU9HcBAAAAAAAwAAQAAAAtAQcABAAAAPABBAAFAAAACQIzM5kC
BQAAABQCAAAAAAUAAAAuARgAAAAFAAAAAgEBAAAALgAAADIKvABaABoAAABIaWdobGlnaHRzIG9m
IHRoZSBSZXZpc2VkIBQABgAQABAABgAGAA8AEAAIAA0ACAAPAAcACAAIABAADwAIABQADwANAAYA
DgAPABAACAAFAAAALgEBAAAABQAAAAIBAgAAAAUAAAAJAjMzmQIFAAAAFAIAAAAABQAAAC4BGAAA
AAUAAAACAQEAAAAMAAAAMgrdAFoAAwAAAFZNUjYTABcAFAAFAAAALgEBAAAABQAAAAIBAgAAAAUA
AAAJAjMzmQIFAAAAFAIAAAAABQAAAC4BGAAAAAUAAAACAQEAAAAJAAAAMgrdAJgAAQAAAC0ACAAF
AAAALgEBAAAABQAAAAIBAgAAAAUAAAAJAjMzmQIFAAAAFAIAAAAABQAAAC4BGAAAAAUAAAACAQEA
AABCAAAAMgrdAKAAJwAAAFdCIFJUUCBQYXlsb2FkIGFuZCBTdG9yYWdlIEZpbGUgRm9ybWF0cwAb
ABMACAAUABAAEwAHABMADwANAAYADwAPABAACAAPABAAEAAHABMACAAPAAkADwAQAA8ACAARAAYA
BgAPAAgAEQAPAAkAGAAPAAgADgAFAAAALgEBAAAABQAAAAIBAgAAAAUAAAACAQIAAAAEAAAALQED
AAQAAAAtAQEABwAAABsEtwGOAi4BcwAEAAAALQECAAQAAAAtAQAABQAAAAkCMzOZAgUAAAAUAgAA
AAAcAAAA+wLs/wAAAAAAALwCAAAAAABAACJBcmlhbAD0d0AAAADqBQo+W9T0d2TU9HcBAAAAAAAw
AAQAAAAtAQQABAAAAPABBwAFAAAACQIAAAACBQAAABQCAAAAAAUAAAAuARgAAAAFAAAAAgEBAAAA
JQAAADIKRQEWARQAAABTYXNzYW4gQWhtYWRpLCBQaC5ELg0ACwALAAsACwAMAAYADQAMABEADAAM
AAUABgAGAA0ADAAGAA4ABgAFAAAALgEBAAAABQAAAAIBAgAAABwAAAD7Auz/AAAAAAAAkAEAAAAA
AEAAIkFyaWFsAPR3QAAAAL8FColb1PR3ZNT0dwEAAAAAADAABAAAAC0BBwAEAAAA8AEEAAUAAAAJ
AgAAAAIFAAAAFAIAAAAABQAAAC4BGAAAAAUAAAACAQEAAAAcAAAAMgp5ATwBDgAAAE5va2lhIElu
Yy4gVVNBDQALAAsABAALAAYABgAKAAoABgAGAA0ADQANAAUAAAAuAQEAAAAFAAAAAgECAAAABQAA
AAkCAAAAAgUAAAAUAgAAAAAFAAAALgEYAAAABQAAAAIBAQAAABgAAAAyCpUBSAELAAAATWF5IDEs
IDIwMDQAEQALAAoABgAKAAUABgALAAsACwALAAUAAAAuAQEAAAAFAAAAAgECAAAABQAAAAIBAgAA
AAQAAAAtAQMABAAAAC0BAQAHAAAAGwTvAcYCwQE6AAQAAAAtAQIABAAAAC0BAAAFAAAACQIAAAAC
BQAAABQCAAAAABwAAAD7AvD/AAAAAAAAvAIAAAAAAEAAIkFyaWFsAPR3QAAAAOoFCkpb1PR3ZNT0
dwEAAAAAADAABAAAAC0BBAAEAAAA8AEHAAUAAAAJAjMzzAIFAAAAFAIAAAAABQAAAC4BGAAAAAUA
AAACAQEAAAA/AAAAMgrTAUEAJQAAAEZvciBtb3JlIGluZm9ybWF0aW9uIHBsZWFzZSByZWZlciB0
byAACgAKAAYABAAOAAoABgAJAAQABAAKAAUACgAGAA4ACQAFAAQACgAKAAQACgAEAAkACQAJAAkA
BAAGAAkABQAJAAYABAAFAAoABAAFAAAALgEBAAAABQAAAAIBAgAAABwAAAD7AvL/AAAAAAAAvAIA
AAAAAEAAIkFyaWFsAPR3QAAAAL8FCotb1PR3ZNT0dwEAAAAAADAABAAAAC0BBwAEAAAA8AEEAAUA
AAAJAvdRUQIFAAAAFAIAAAAABQAAAC4BGAAAAAUAAAACAQEAAAAPAAAAMgrTAVUBBQAAAGRyYWZ0
AAkABgAIAAQABQAFAAAALgEBAAAABQAAAAIBAgAAAAUAAAAJAvdRUQIFAAAAFAIAAAAABQAAAC4B
GAAAAAUAAAACAQEAAAAJAAAAMgrTAXUBAQAAAC0ABAAFAAAALgEBAAAABQAAAAIBAgAAAAUAAAAJ
AvdRUQIFAAAAFAIAAAAABQAAAC4BGAAAAAUAAAACAQEAAAAQAAAAMgrTAXkBBgAAAGFobWFkaQgA
CQAMAAcACQADAAUAAAAuAQEAAAAFAAAAAgECAAAABQAAAAkC91FRAgUAAAAUAgAAAAAFAAAALgEY
AAAABQAAAAIBAQAAAAkAAAAyCtMBqQEBAAAALQAFAAUAAAAuAQEAAAAFAAAAAgECAAAABQAAAAkC
91FRAgUAAAAUAgAAAAAFAAAALgEYAAAABQAAAAIBAQAAAAwAAAAyCtMBrgEDAAAAYXZ0ZgcACAAF
AAUAAAAuAQEAAAAFAAAAAgECAAAABQAAAAkC91FRAgUAAAAUAgAAAAAFAAAALgEYAAAABQAAAAIB
AQAAAAkAAAAyCtMBwgEBAAAALQAEAAUAAAAuAQEAAAAFAAAAAgECAAAABQAAAAkC91FRAgUAAAAU
AgAAAAAFAAAALgEYAAAABQAAAAIBAQAAAAwAAAAyCtMBxgEDAAAAcnRwZgYABAAJAAUAAAAuAQEA
AAAFAAAAAgECAAAABQAAAAkC91FRAgUAAAAUAgAAAAAFAAAALgEYAAAABQAAAAIBAQAAAAkAAAAy
CtMB2QEBAAAALQAEAAUAAAAuAQEAAAAFAAAAAgECAAAABQAAAAkC91FRAgUAAAAUAgAAAAAFAAAA
LgEYAAAABQAAAAIBAQAAAAwAAAAyCtMB3QEDAAAAdm1yZgkACwAGAAUAAAAuAQEAAAAFAAAAAgEC
AAAABQAAAAkC91FRAgUAAAAUAgAAAAAFAAAALgEYAAAABQAAAAIBAQAAAAkAAAAyCtMB9wEBAAAA
LQAFAAUAAAAuAQEAAAAFAAAAAgECAAAABQAAAAkC91FRAgUAAAAUAgAAAAAFAAAALgEYAAAABQAA
AAIBAQAAAAoAAAAyCtMB/AECAAAAd2IKAAgABQAAAC4BAQAAAAUAAAACAQIAAAAFAAAACQL3UVEC
BQAAABQCAAAAAAUAAAAuARgAAAAFAAAAAgEBAAAACQAAADIK0wEOAgEAAAAtYgUABQAAAC4BAQAA
AAUAAAACAQIAAAAFAAAACQL3UVECBQAAABQCAAAAAAUAAAAuARgAAAAFAAAAAgEBAAAAEAAAADIK
0wETAgYAAAAwMS50eHQIAAgAAwAFAAcABQAFAAAALgEBAAAABQAAAAIBAgAAABwAAAD7AvD/AAAA
AAAAvAIAAAAAAEAAIkFyaWFsAPR3QAAAAH0FCi9b1PR3ZNT0dwEAAAAAADAABAAAAC0BBAAEAAAA
8AEHAAUAAAAJAjMzzAIFAAAAFAIAAAAABQAAAC4BGAAAAAUAAAACAQEAAAASAAAAMgrmAUEABwAA
AGFuZCBWTVIACQAKAAoABAALAAwADAAFAAAALgEBAAAABQAAAAIBAgAAAAUAAAAJAjMzzAIFAAAA
FAIAAAAABQAAAC4BGAAAAAUAAAACAQEAAAAJAAAAMgrmAYUAAQAAAC1iBQAFAAAALgEBAAAABQAA
AAIBAgAAAAUAAAAJAjMzzAIFAAAAFAIAAAAABQAAAC4BGAAAAAUAAAACAQEAAAAlAAAAMgrmAYoA
FAAAAFdCIHNwZWNpZmljYXRpb24gYXQgDwAMAAQACQAKAAgACQAEAAUABAAJAAkABQAEAAoACgAE
AAkABQAEAAUAAAAuAQEAAAAFAAAAAgECAAAAHAAAAPsC8v8AAAAAAAC8AgAAAAAAQAAiQXJpYWwA
9HdAAAAAvwUKj1vU9Hdk1PR3AQAAAAAAMAAEAAAALQEHAAQAAADwAQQABQAAAAkC/wAAAgUAAAAU
AgAAAAAFAAAALgEYAAAABQAAAAIBAQAAADYAAAAyCuYBHwEfAAAAZnRwOi8vZnRwLjNncHAyLm9y
Zy9WJlYvQy5QMDA1MgAFAAUACQAEAAQABAAFAAQACQAEAAcACAAJAAgACAAEAAgABQAJAAQACQAK
AAkABAAKAAQACQAIAAcACAAIAAUAAAAuAQEAAAAFAAAAAgECAAAABQAAAAkC/wAAAgUAAAAUAgAA
AAAFAAAALgEYAAAABQAAAAIBAQAAAAkAAAAyCuYB8AEBAAAALWIEAAUAAAAuAQEAAAAFAAAAAgEC
AAAABQAAAAkC/wAAAgUAAAAUAgAAAAAFAAAALgEYAAAABQAAAAIBAQAAABYAAAAyCuYB9AEKAAAA
MF92MC4yX1ZNUggABwAIAAgABAAHAAgACAANAAoABQAAAC4BAQAAAAUAAAACAQIAAAAFAAAACQL/
AAACBQAAABQCAAAAAAUAAAAuARgAAAAFAAAAAgEBAAAACQAAADIK5gFFAgEAAAAtYgUABQAAAC4B
AQAAAAUAAAACAQIAAAAFAAAACQL/AAACBQAAABQCAAAAAAUAAAAuARgAAAAFAAAAAgEBAAAAHgAA
ADIK5gFKAg8AAABXQl9WJlZfVGV4dC56aXAADQAJAAgACQAKAAkACAAHAAkACAAEAAQABwAEAAgA
BQAAAC4BAQAAAAUAAAACAQIAAAAIAAAA+gIGAAEAAAD/AAACBAAAAC0BBAAEAAAALQEDAAUAAAAU
AucBIAEFAAAAEwLnAb4CBQAAAAIBAgAAAAQAAAAtAQEABAAAAC0BAwAEAAAA8AEEABwAAAD7AhQA
CQAAAAAAvAIAAAAAAQICIlN5c3RlbQAAAAAKAAAABAAAAAAABAAAAAEAAAAAADAABAAAAC0BBAAE
AAAA8AEHAA8AAAAmBg8AFABUTlBQBAAMAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAkAAAAmBg8ACAD/////AQAAAAMA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAA/v8AAAUAAgAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAgAAAALVzdWcLhsQk5cIACss+a5EAAAABdXN1Zwu
GxCTlwgAKyz5rjwFAAD4BAAAEQAAAAEAAACQAAAAAwAAAJgAAAAOAAAAuAAAAA8AAADEAAAABAAA
ANQAAAAGAAAA3AAAAAcAAADkAAAACAAAAOwAAAAJAAAA9AAAAAoAAAD8AAAAFwAAAAQBAAALAAAA
DAEAABAAAAAUAQAAEwAAABwBAAAWAAAAJAEAAA0AAAAsAQAADAAAAHAEAAACAAAA5AQAAB4AAAAW
AAAAQTQgUGFwZXIgKDIxMHgyOTcgbW0pAC4AHgAAAAEAAAAANCBQHgAAAAYAAABOT0tJQQBlcgMA
AACDGgEAAwAAAFEBAAADAAAADwAAAAMAAAAAAAAAAwAAAAAAAAADAAAAAAAAAAMAAAAyEQkACwAA
AAAAAAALAAAAAAAAAAsAAAAAAAAACwAAAAAAAAAeEAAAGQAAABsAAABSb3RpcyBTYW5zIFNlcmlm
IGZvciBOb2tpYQAGAAAAQXJpYWwABwAAAFRhaG9tYQAKAAAAV2luZ2RpbmdzAA0AAABBcmlhbCBO
YXJyb3cACgAAAE1TIE1pbmNobwAMAAAAQ291cmllciBOZXcAEAAAAFRpbWVzIE5ldyBSb21hbgAH
AAAAQmxlbmRzABcAAABNaWNyb3NvZnQgRXF1YXRpb24gMy4wAEcAAABIaWdobGlnaHRzIG9mIHRo
ZSBSZXZpc2VkICBWTVItV0IgUlRQIFBheWxvYWQgYW5kIFN0b3JhZ2UgRmlsZSBGb3JtYXRzAAgA
AABPdXRsaW5lACAAAABPdmVydmlldyBvZiBWTVItV0IgU3RhbmRhcmQgKDEpACAAAABPdmVydmll
dyBvZiBWTVItV0IgU3RhbmRhcmQgKDIpACUAAABPcGVyYXRpb25hbCBNb2RlcyBvZiBWTVItV0Ig
U3RhbmRhcmQAKgAAAE1vdGl2YXRpb24gZm9yIHRoZSBDb2RlYyBJbnRlcm9wZXJhYmlsaXR5ACEA
AABJbnRlcm9wZXJhYmlsaXR5IHdpdGggQU1SLVdCICgxKQAhAAAASW50ZXJvcGVyYWJpbGl0eSB3
aXRoIEFNUi1XQiAoMikAIwAAAE92ZXJ2aWV3IG9mIFZNUi1XQiBSVFAgUGF5bG9hZCAoMSkAQAAA
AE92ZXJ2aWV3IG9mIFZNUi1XQiBSVFAgUGF5bG9hZCAoMikgT2N0ZXQtQWxpZ25lZCBQYXlsb2Fk
IEZvcm1hdABAAAAAT3ZlcnZpZXcgb2YgVk1SLVdCIFJUUCBQYXlsb2FkICgzKSBPY3RldC1BbGln
bmVkIFBheWxvYWQgRm9ybWF0AD4AAABPdmVydmlldyBvZiBWTVItV0IgUlRQIFBheWxvYWQgKDQp
IEhlYWRlci1GcmVlIFBheWxvYWQgRm9ybWF0ACwAAABPdmVydmlldyBvZiBWTVItV0IgTUlNRS9G
aWxlIFN0b3JhZ2UgRm9ybWF0ACAAAABBcHBsaWNhdGlvbnMgb2YgVk1SLVdCIFN0YW5kYXJkAAgA
AABSZW1hcmtzAAwQAAAIAAAAHgAAAAsAAABGb250cyBVc2VkAAMAAAAIAAAAHgAAABAAAABEZXNp
Z24gVGVtcGxhdGUAAwAAAAEAAAAeAAAAFQAAAEVtYmVkZGVkIE9MRSBTZXJ2ZXJzAAMAAAABAAAA
HgAAAA0AAABTbGlkZSBUaXRsZXMAAwAAAA8AAAAAAAD4AAAAAwAAAAAAAAAgAAAAAQAAADgAAAAC
AAAAQAAAAAEAAAACAAAADAAAAF9QSURfSExJTktTAAIAAADkBAAAQQAAALAAAAAGAAAAAwAAAAcA
AAADAAAABgAAAAMAAAAAAAAAAwAAAAcAAAAfAAAAOwAAAGYAdABwADoALwAvAGYAdABwAC4AMwBn
AHAAcAAyAC4AbwByAGcALwBWACYAVgAvAEMALgBQADAAMAA1ADIALQAwAF8AdgAwAC4AMgBfAFYA
TQBSAC0AVwBCAF8AVgAmAFYAXwBUAGUAeAB0AC4AegBpAHAAAAAAAB8AAAABAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA9g8l
AAAAFAAAAF/AkeNfCgEADQD0AwMAugBTYXNzYW4gQWhtYWRpCAAAAFMAYQBzAHMAYQBuACAAQQBo
AG0AYQBkAGkAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAABAAAAAgAAAAMAAAAE
AAAABQAAAAYAAAAHAAAA/v///wkAAAAKAAAACwAAAAwAAAANAAAADgAAAA8AAAAQAAAAEQAAABIA
AAATAAAAFAAAABUAAAAWAAAAFwAAABgAAAAZAAAAGgAAABsAAAAcAAAAHQAAAB4AAAAfAAAAIAAA
ACEAAAAiAAAAIwAAACQAAAAlAAAAJgAAACcAAAAoAAAAKQAAACoAAAArAAAALAAAAC0AAAAuAAAA
LwAAADAAAAAxAAAAMgAAADMAAAA0AAAANQAAADYAAAA3AAAAOAAAADkAAAA6AAAAOwAAADwAAAA9
AAAAPgAAAD8AAABAAAAAQQAAAEIAAABDAAAARAAAAEUAAABGAAAARwAAAEgAAABJAAAASgAAAEsA
AABMAAAATQAAAE4AAABPAAAAUAAAAFEAAABSAAAAUwAAAFQAAABVAAAAVgAAAFcAAABYAAAAWQAA
AFoAAABbAAAAXAAAAF0AAABeAAAAXwAAAGAAAABhAAAAYgAAAGMAAABkAAAAZQAAAGYAAABnAAAA
aAAAAGkAAABqAAAAawAAAGwAAABtAAAAbgAAAG8AAABwAAAAcQAAAHIAAABzAAAAdAAAAHUAAAB2
AAAAdwAAAHgAAAB5AAAAegAAAHsAAAB8AAAAfQAAAH4AAAB/AAAAgAAAAIEAAACCAAAAgwAAAIQA
AACFAAAAhgAAAIcAAACIAAAAiQAAAIoAAACLAAAAjAAAAI0AAAD+////jwAAAJAAAACRAAAAkgAA
AJMAAACUAAAAlQAAAJYAAACXAAAAmAAAAJkAAACaAAAAmwAAAJwAAACdAAAAngAAAJ8AAACgAAAA
oQAAAKIAAACjAAAApAAAAKUAAACmAAAA/v///6gAAACpAAAAqgAAAKsAAACsAAAArQAAAK4AAAD+
////sAAAALEAAACyAAAAswAAALQAAAC1AAAAtgAAAP7////9/////f///7oAAAD+////////////
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////UgBvAG8AdAAgAEUAbgB0
AHIAeQAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAABYABQH/////
/////wMAAAAQjYFkm0/PEYbqAKoAuSnoAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAD+////AAAAAAAAAABQ
AGkAYwB0AHUAcgBlAHMAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAEgACAf///////////////wAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAEAAAAAAAAEMAdQByAHIAZQBuAHQAIABVAHMAZQByAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAaAAIBAQAAAP//////////AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAArwAAAAAQAAAAAAAABQBTAHUAbQBtAGEAcgB5AEkAbgBmAG8AcgBtAGEA
dABpAG8AbgAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAACgAAgECAAAABQAAAP////8AAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAACOAAAA5DAAAAAAAABQAG8AdwBlAHIAUABvAGkA
bgB0ACAARABvAGMAdQBtAGUAbgB0AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAKAACAf//////
/////////wAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAgAAACDCgEAAAAAAAUA
RABvAGMAdQBtAGUAbgB0AFMAdQBtAG0AYQByAHkASQBuAGYAbwByAG0AYQB0AGkAbwBuAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAA4AAIBBAAAAP//////////AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
pwAAAAAQAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAD///////////////8AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAP///////////////wAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA==

------_=_NextPart_001_01C432CA.7B0CC0F4
Content-Type: text/plain;
	name="response-to-comments.txt"
Content-Description: response-to-comments.txt
Content-Disposition: attachment;
	filename="response-to-comments.txt"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64
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------_=_NextPart_001_01C432CA.7B0CC0F4--

_______________________________________________
Audio/Video Transport Working Group
avt@ietf.org
https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt



From exim@www1.ietf.org  Wed May  5 15:32:43 2004
Received: from optimus.ietf.org (iesg.org [132.151.1.19])
	by ietf.org (8.9.1a/8.9.1a) with ESMTP id PAA07104
	for <avt-archive@odin.ietf.org>; Wed, 5 May 2004 15:32:43 -0400 (EDT)
Received: from localhost.localdomain ([127.0.0.1] helo=www1.ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BLRzE-0003Jp-SP
	for avt-archive@odin.ietf.org; Wed, 05 May 2004 15:23:29 -0400
Received: (from exim@localhost)
	by www1.ietf.org (8.12.8/8.12.8/Submit) id i45JNKJP012709
	for avt-archive@odin.ietf.org; Wed, 5 May 2004 15:23:20 -0400
Received: from localhost.localdomain ([127.0.0.1] helo=www1.ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BLRpF-0005aS-DV; Wed, 05 May 2004 15:13:01 -0400
Received: from odin.ietf.org ([132.151.1.176] helo=ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BLReY-00045m-Ul
	for avt@optimus.ietf.org; Wed, 05 May 2004 15:01:59 -0400
Received: from ietf-mx (ietf-mx.ietf.org [132.151.6.1])
	by ietf.org (8.9.1a/8.9.1a) with ESMTP id PAA04933
	for <avt@ietf.org>; Wed, 5 May 2004 15:01:55 -0400 (EDT)
Received: from ietf-mx.ietf.org ([132.151.6.1] helo=ietf-mx)
	by ietf-mx with esmtp (Exim 4.32)
	id 1BLReV-0005Ya-Vi
	for avt@ietf.org; Wed, 05 May 2004 15:01:56 -0400
Received: from exim by ietf-mx with spam-scanned (Exim 4.12)
	id 1BLRde-0005Hd-00
	for avt@ietf.org; Wed, 05 May 2004 15:01:02 -0400
Received: from sj-iport-2-in.cisco.com ([171.71.176.71] helo=sj-iport-2.cisco.com)
	by ietf-mx with esmtp (Exim 4.12)
	id 1BLRch-0004kD-00
	for avt@ietf.org; Wed, 05 May 2004 15:00:03 -0400
Received: from sj-core-5.cisco.com (171.71.177.238)
  by sj-iport-2.cisco.com with ESMTP; 05 May 2004 11:12:51 +0000
Received: from mira-sjc5-b.cisco.com (IDENT:mirapoint@mira-sjc5-b.cisco.com [171.71.163.14])
	by sj-core-5.cisco.com (8.12.10/8.12.6) with ESMTP id i45IxWW9009539;
	Wed, 5 May 2004 11:59:32 -0700 (PDT)
Received: from [10.34.251.98] (stealth-10-34-251-98.cisco.com [10.34.251.98])
	by mira-sjc5-b.cisco.com (MOS 3.4.5-GR)
	with SMTP id ASX57571;
	Wed, 5 May 2004 11:58:44 -0700 (PDT)
Mime-Version: 1.0 (Apple Message framework v613)
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Message-Id: <56F0C596-9EC6-11D8-8F21-0003935495EC@cisco.com>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII; format=flowed
To: avt@ietf.org, srtp-users@lists.sourceforge.net
From: "David A. McGrew" <mcgrew@cisco.com>
Date: Wed, 5 May 2004 11:59:30 -0700
X-Mailer: Apple Mail (2.613)
X-Spam-Checker-Version: SpamAssassin 2.60 (1.212-2003-09-23-exp) on 
	ietf-mx.ietf.org
X-Spam-Status: No, hits=0.0 required=5.0 tests=AWL autolearn=no version=2.60
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Subject: [AVT] libSRTP now matches RFC 3711
Sender: avt-admin@ietf.org
Errors-To: avt-admin@ietf.org
X-BeenThere: avt@ietf.org
X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.12
Precedence: bulk
List-Unsubscribe: <https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt>,
	<mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=unsubscribe>
List-Id: Audio/Video Transport Working Group <avt.ietf.org>
List-Post: <mailto:avt@ietf.org>
List-Help: <mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=help>
List-Subscribe: <https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt>,
	<mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=subscribe>
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit

Hello,

libSRTP has been updated to match RFC 3711.  See 
http://srtp.sourceforge.net/news.html for details.  For information 
about libSRTP use and features, please see 
http://srtp.sourceforge.net/libsrtpdoc.pdf.

Best regards,

David


_______________________________________________
Audio/Video Transport Working Group
avt@ietf.org
https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt



From exim@www1.ietf.org  Wed May  5 19:58:26 2004
Received: from optimus.ietf.org (optimus.ietf.org [132.151.1.19])
	by ietf.org (8.9.1a/8.9.1a) with ESMTP id TAA21088
	for <avt-archive@odin.ietf.org>; Wed, 5 May 2004 19:58:26 -0400 (EDT)
Received: from localhost.localdomain ([127.0.0.1] helo=www1.ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BLWFA-0005BC-WE
	for avt-archive@odin.ietf.org; Wed, 05 May 2004 19:56:05 -0400
Received: (from exim@localhost)
	by www1.ietf.org (8.12.8/8.12.8/Submit) id i45Nu42o019910
	for avt-archive@odin.ietf.org; Wed, 5 May 2004 19:56:04 -0400
Received: from localhost.localdomain ([127.0.0.1] helo=www1.ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BLWCD-0003n5-4K; Wed, 05 May 2004 19:53:01 -0400
Received: from odin.ietf.org ([132.151.1.176] helo=ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BLW6U-0001KN-4E
	for avt@optimus.ietf.org; Wed, 05 May 2004 19:47:06 -0400
Received: from ietf-mx (ietf-mx.ietf.org [132.151.6.1])
	by ietf.org (8.9.1a/8.9.1a) with ESMTP id TAA20597
	for <avt@ietf.org>; Wed, 5 May 2004 19:47:04 -0400 (EDT)
Received: from ietf-mx.ietf.org ([132.151.6.1] helo=ietf-mx)
	by ietf-mx with esmtp (Exim 4.32)
	id 1BLW6S-0003bs-9F
	for avt@ietf.org; Wed, 05 May 2004 19:47:04 -0400
Received: from exim by ietf-mx with spam-scanned (Exim 4.12)
	id 1BLW5S-0003Iv-00
	for avt@ietf.org; Wed, 05 May 2004 19:46:03 -0400
Received: from mout00.kundenservices.net ([81.169.163.76])
	by ietf-mx with esmtp (Exim 4.12)
	id 1BLW4b-0002wK-00
	for avt@ietf.org; Wed, 05 May 2004 19:45:10 -0400
Received: from smtp00.kundenservices.net ([81.169.148.76])
	by mout00.kundenservices.net with esmtp (Exim 4.22)
	id 1BLW6R-0000IH-Uy; Thu, 06 May 2004 01:47:03 +0200
Received: from stewe.org ([81.169.171.175] helo=hobel.stewe.org)
	by smtp00.kundenservices.net with asmtp (Exim 3.22 #5)
	id 1BLW4J-0005XB-00; Thu, 06 May 2004 01:44:52 +0200
Message-Id: <6.0.3.0.2.20040506012225.03213870@pop.serverkompetenz.de>
X-Sender: p1377673+2@pop.serverkompetenz.de
X-Mailer: QUALCOMM Windows Eudora Version 6.0.3.0
Date: Thu, 06 May 2004 01:44:28 +0200
To: Colin Perkins <csp@csperkins.org>
From: Stephan Wenger <stewe@stewe.org>
Subject: Re: [AVT] I-D ACTION:draft-ietf-avt-rtp-h264-05.txt
Cc: avt@ietf.org, Magnus Westerlund <magnus.westerlund@ericsson.com>
In-Reply-To: <200405031611.14535.csp@csperkins.org>
References: <OF440DFE48.A3490584-ONC1256E83.0028BFEC-C1256E83.00403EE3@diamond.philips.com>
 <409271D3.3000703@ericsson.com>
 <200405031611.14535.csp@csperkins.org>
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"; format=flowed
X-Spam-Checker-Version: SpamAssassin 2.60 (1.212-2003-09-23-exp) on 
	ietf-mx.ietf.org
X-Spam-Status: No, hits=0.0 required=5.0 tests=none autolearn=no version=2.60
Sender: avt-admin@ietf.org
Errors-To: avt-admin@ietf.org
X-BeenThere: avt@ietf.org
X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.12
Precedence: bulk
List-Unsubscribe: <https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt>,
	<mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=unsubscribe>
List-Id: Audio/Video Transport Working Group <avt.ietf.org>
List-Post: <mailto:avt@ietf.org>
List-Help: <mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=help>
List-Subscribe: <https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt>,
	<mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=subscribe>

Hi Colin, AVTers,

first I want to thank Colin and Philippe for their careful review of the 
I-D.  A new version of the draft is in its final stages of preparation and 
will be made available shortly.  This new draft reflects Philippe's comment 
(by restructuring section 8.4 and several other places in the draft to 
avoid too much redundancy) and most comments of Colin as well.

Let me come back to a few items of Colin's list of which we don't know what 
to do with:

>  - In Section 5.7.2, is it correct that the DOND field is unsigned?
I believe this is correct.  We can set the DONB (Decoding Order Number 
Base) to make it possible that only positive values are necessary, and this 
definition makes the wrap-around language easier.  Is there a need to spell 
this out explicitely?

>  - It may be appropriate to move Section 7 to be an appendix?
We think it may be better to leave this where it is, because this section 
explains concepts that are helpful to understand some of the following MIME 
parameter definitions.  Also, many older RTP payload specs have the 
packetization and de-packetization sections next to each other -- it seems 
natural to me.

>- In the encoding considerations for the MIME type, may wish to note that
>    file formats are defined elsewhere?
The problem here is that all file formats are still in their specification 
phase -- we can't reference them (yet).  And what good would a simple 
"elsewhere" do?

>  - Is there any need to discuss use with RTSP in Section 8.2.2 or 8.2.3?
I believe that in RTSP a simple, declarative process is used.  This sems to 
be well enough defined, and I'm not aware of any special considerations 
needed for RTSP.  Colin, did you have anything in particular in mind?

>  - The draft needs to discuss congestion control, either within Security
>    Considerations, or as a separate section.
I don't see any issues of congestion control beyond those of RFC3550, maybe 
with the exception of what is written in section 7.3 (it is possible to 
discard certain NALUs in translators, mixers, and receivers under certain 
conditions, and that could be used for congestion control in scenarios 
where mixers and translators are in use).  Hence we suggest to add a 
sentence in the security section that people need to observe RFC3550 
congestion control, and can possibly make the network's life easier by 
implementing 7.3.  Is there a need to say anything beyond that?

Thanks again for your helpful comments,
Stephan



At 05:11 PM 5/3/2004, Colin Perkins wrote:
>On Friday 30 April 2004 16:33, Magnus Westerlund wrote:
>...
> > If more people has comments they are appreciated if they can be sent no
> > later than monday. I will try to do a update in the beginning of the
> > next week, and submit that as soon as possible.
>
>I have a few comments:
>
>  - In Section 3, I agree with the likely initial applications of the
>    payload format. I would suggest adding text to note that the format
>    is not limited to these applications, however.
>
>  - The last paragraph of Section 5.1 mentions that the RTCP jitter
>    statistic is not trustworthy. It would be more accurate to say
>    that the RTCP jitter is not a trustworthy indication of network
>    performance.
>
>  - Table 1 should make explicit reference to NAL unit types 0, 30 and 31,
>    even if just to indicate that they are undefined.
>
>  - A number of places talk about "optional" MIME parameters, but would be
>    better using the RFC 2119 "OPTIONAL" language. For example:
>     - Section 5.4, last paragraph on page 14
>     - Section 5.5, second paragraph
>     - Section 6.1, second paragraph on page 28
>     - Section 6.2, first paragraph
>     - Section 6.3
>     - Section 6.4
>     - Section 7.2
>     - Section 8.2.1, 4th bullet point
>
>  - In Section 5.4 (last paragraph on page 14) it states that `"No" in the
>    "type 1-23" row indicates that an RTP payload cannot contain a single
>    NAL unit whose type is in the range of 1-23, inclusive'. Please clarify
>    what this refers to.
>
>  - Section 5.5, second paragraph, is unclear what is done if the MIME
>    parameter is not present.
>
>  - The last paragraph of Section 5.7 mentions that Section 5.7.1 and 5.7.2
>    define the three different types of aggregation unit. Should this be the
>    four different types?
>
>  - In Section 5.7.1, I would recommend moving the paragraph starting "The
>    DON field specifies the value of the DON for the first NAL unit in an
>    STAP-B...." to be immediately after Figure 5.
>
>  - In Section 5.7.1, could an example of an STAP-A packet be provided?
>
>  - In Section 5.7.2, is it correct that the DOND field is unsigned?
>
>  - In Section 5.7.2, you might consider splitting the long paragraph on
>    page 22, perhaps starting new paragraphs with "The structure of the
>    multi-time aggregation units..." and "The timestamp offset field MUST
>    be set..."
>
>    If this was done, I would also move the contents last paragraph on page
>    21 to the end of the first on page 22 (immediately after "...whereby n
>    can be 16 or 24").
>
>  - In Section 5.7.2, an example of an MTAP24 would be valuable
>
>  - In Section 5.8, the penultimate paragraph mentions that "A FU payload
>    MAY have any number of octets and MAY be empty". Can you clarify when
>    an FU payload may be empty, and why that is useful?
>
>  - Section 6.1, second bullet point on page 28, should be clear that NAL
>    units are duplicated in the application, not be generating duplicate
>    RTP packets. Similarly, the discussion of gateway devices later in the
>    Section should explain how the gateway aggregates/deaggregates NAL units
>    without breaking RTP when gatewaying between IP networks with different
>    MTU size (it will be an RTP translator, and will need to rewrite RTCP)
>
>  - It may be appropriate to move Section 7 to be an appendix?
>
>  - In Section 7.2, it's unclear where the 4th paragraph fits?
>
>  - In Section 8.1, please clarify how the "max-dpb" parameter relates to
>    the jitter buffer size, if at all? Similar for the deint-buf-req,
>    deint-buf-cap and int-buf-time parameters (this is mentioned at the
>    end of page 40, but this is not obviously related to the earlier
>    definitions).
>
>  - In Section 8.1, please clarify how the "max-br" parameter relates to
>    congestion control, if at all?
>
>  - In the encoding considerations for the MIME type, may wish to note that
>    file formats are defined elsewhere?
>
>  - Section 8.2.2, first bullet point on page 44, suggest clarifying that
>    "...the answerer must either maintain all configuration parameters or
>    remove the media format..." is a MUST?
>
>  - Section 8.2.2, second bullet point on page 44, similarly suggest that
>    "The offerer must assume that the answerer supports the same
>    configuration and basic capabilities that it is offering" should be a
>    MUST?
>
>  - Section 8.2.2, second bullet point on page 44: this is different from
>    normal offer/answer usage. Do you have buy-in from the SIP community?
>
>  - Is there any need to discuss use with RTSP in Section 8.2.2 or 8.2.3?
>
>  - The draft needs to discuss congestion control, either within Security
>    Considerations, or as a separate section.
>
>Finally, the document could do with careful proof-reading for spelling and
>grammar mistakes.
>
>Colin
>
>_______________________________________________
>Audio/Video Transport Working Group
>avt@ietf.org
>https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt


_______________________________________________
Audio/Video Transport Working Group
avt@ietf.org
https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt



From exim@www1.ietf.org  Thu May  6 04:38:46 2004
Received: from optimus.ietf.org (iesg.org [132.151.1.19])
	by ietf.org (8.9.1a/8.9.1a) with ESMTP id EAA27619
	for <avt-archive@odin.ietf.org>; Thu, 6 May 2004 04:38:46 -0400 (EDT)
Received: from localhost.localdomain ([127.0.0.1] helo=www1.ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BLeJJ-0000vU-Dp
	for avt-archive@odin.ietf.org; Thu, 06 May 2004 04:32:54 -0400
Received: (from exim@localhost)
	by www1.ietf.org (8.12.8/8.12.8/Submit) id i468WqUo003503
	for avt-archive@odin.ietf.org; Thu, 6 May 2004 04:32:52 -0400
Received: from localhost.localdomain ([127.0.0.1] helo=www1.ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BLe8o-0005CR-FF; Thu, 06 May 2004 04:22:02 -0400
Received: from odin.ietf.org ([132.151.1.176] helo=ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BLe4X-00037u-UA
	for avt@optimus.ietf.org; Thu, 06 May 2004 04:17:37 -0400
Received: from ietf-mx (ietf-mx.ietf.org [132.151.6.1])
	by ietf.org (8.9.1a/8.9.1a) with ESMTP id EAA26565
	for <avt@ietf.org>; Thu, 6 May 2004 04:17:35 -0400 (EDT)
Received: from ietf-mx.ietf.org ([132.151.6.1] helo=ietf-mx)
	by ietf-mx with esmtp (Exim 4.32)
	id 1BLe4V-000037-7R
	for avt@ietf.org; Thu, 06 May 2004 04:17:35 -0400
Received: from exim by ietf-mx with spam-scanned (Exim 4.12)
	id 1BLe3a-0007SY-00
	for avt@ietf.org; Thu, 06 May 2004 04:16:39 -0400
Received: from smtp3.iitb.ac.in ([203.199.81.149] helo=smtp2.iitb.ac.in)
	by ietf-mx with smtp (Exim 4.12)
	id 1BLe2T-00072H-00
	for avt@ietf.org; Thu, 06 May 2004 04:15:29 -0400
Received: (qmail 27211 invoked by uid 505); 6 May 2004 08:15:22 -0000
Received: from saraswat@iitb.ac.in by smtp2.iitb.ac.in by uid 502 with qmail-scanner-1.16 
 (clamscan: 0.54. spamassassin: 2.54.  Clear:. 
 Processed in 0.446038 secs); 06 May 2004 08:15:22 -0000
Received: from unknown (HELO gpo.iitb.ac.in) (10.200.12.42)
  by smtp2.iitb.ac.in with SMTP; 6 May 2004 08:15:22 -0000
Received: from 10.107.44.15
        (SquirrelMail authenticated user saraswat)
        by gpo.iitb.ac.in with HTTP;
        Thu, 6 May 2004 13:45:22 +0530 (IST)
Message-ID: <34094.10.107.44.15.1083831322.squirrel@gpo.iitb.ac.in>
Date: Thu, 6 May 2004 13:45:22 +0530 (IST)
From: "GAURAV SARASWAT" <saraswat@iitb.ac.in>
To: avt@ietf.org
User-Agent: SquirrelMail/1.4.2
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain;charset=iso-8859-1
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
X-Priority: 3
Importance: Normal
X-Spam-Checker-Version: SpamAssassin 2.60 (1.212-2003-09-23-exp) on 
	ietf-mx.ietf.org
X-Spam-Status: No, hits=0.8 required=5.0 tests=PRIORITY_NO_NAME autolearn=no 
	version=2.60
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
Subject: [AVT] how to implement floating point algoroithm in to fixed point
 processor
Sender: avt-admin@ietf.org
Errors-To: avt-admin@ietf.org
X-BeenThere: avt@ietf.org
X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.12
Precedence: bulk
List-Unsubscribe: <https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt>,
	<mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=unsubscribe>
List-Id: Audio/Video Transport Working Group <avt.ietf.org>
List-Post: <mailto:avt@ietf.org>
List-Help: <mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=help>
List-Subscribe: <https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt>,
	<mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=subscribe>
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

hi,
Can you plz help me ? I want to implement an algorithm in to fixed point
processor . for this purpose I have to convert floting to fixed. So i need
ur help.Plz help me .
Thanx


_______________________________________________
Audio/Video Transport Working Group
avt@ietf.org
https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt



From exim@www1.ietf.org  Thu May  6 05:35:06 2004
Received: from optimus.ietf.org (www.iesg.org [132.151.1.19])
	by ietf.org (8.9.1a/8.9.1a) with ESMTP id FAA00751
	for <avt-archive@odin.ietf.org>; Thu, 6 May 2004 05:35:06 -0400 (EDT)
Received: from localhost.localdomain ([127.0.0.1] helo=www1.ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BLfAv-0005ch-Ou
	for avt-archive@odin.ietf.org; Thu, 06 May 2004 05:28:18 -0400
Received: (from exim@localhost)
	by www1.ietf.org (8.12.8/8.12.8/Submit) id i469SHiE021615
	for avt-archive@odin.ietf.org; Thu, 6 May 2004 05:28:17 -0400
Received: from localhost.localdomain ([127.0.0.1] helo=www1.ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BLf5r-00043x-13; Thu, 06 May 2004 05:23:03 -0400
Received: from odin.ietf.org ([132.151.1.176] helo=ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BLehA-0002EJ-Ef
	for avt@optimus.ietf.org; Thu, 06 May 2004 04:57:32 -0400
Received: from ietf-mx (ietf-mx.ietf.org [132.151.6.1])
	by ietf.org (8.9.1a/8.9.1a) with ESMTP id EAA28606
	for <avt@ietf.org>; Thu, 6 May 2004 04:57:29 -0400 (EDT)
Received: from ietf-mx.ietf.org ([132.151.6.1] helo=ietf-mx)
	by ietf-mx with esmtp (Exim 4.32)
	id 1BLeh7-0007c8-BH
	for avt@ietf.org; Thu, 06 May 2004 04:57:29 -0400
Received: from exim by ietf-mx with spam-scanned (Exim 4.12)
	id 1BLegG-0007GI-00
	for avt@ietf.org; Thu, 06 May 2004 04:56:36 -0400
Received: from dundee.dcs.gla.ac.uk ([130.209.242.163])
	by ietf-mx with esmtp (Exim 4.12)
	id 1BLefq-0006tb-00
	for avt@ietf.org; Thu, 06 May 2004 04:56:10 -0400
Received: from csperkins-dsl.demon.co.uk ([80.176.225.173]:63229 helo=[192.168.0.3])
	by dundee.dcs.gla.ac.uk with asmtp (TLSv1:RC4-MD5:128)
	(Exim 4.04)
	id 1BLefK-0002uw-00; Thu, 06 May 2004 09:55:39 +0100
From: Colin Perkins <csp@csperkins.org>
Organization: http://csperkins.org
To: Stephan Wenger <stewe@stewe.org>
Subject: Re: [AVT] I-D ACTION:draft-ietf-avt-rtp-h264-05.txt
Date: Thu, 6 May 2004 09:55:38 +0100
User-Agent: KMail/1.6.2
Cc: avt@ietf.org, Magnus Westerlund <magnus.westerlund@ericsson.com>
References: <OF440DFE48.A3490584-ONC1256E83.0028BFEC-C1256E83.00403EE3@diamond.philips.com> <200405031611.14535.csp@csperkins.org> <6.0.3.0.2.20040506012225.03213870@pop.serverkompetenz.de>
In-Reply-To: <6.0.3.0.2.20040506012225.03213870@pop.serverkompetenz.de>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Disposition: inline
Content-Type: text/plain;
  charset="iso-8859-1"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Message-Id: <200405060955.38261.csp@csperkins.org>
X-Spam-Checker-Version: SpamAssassin 2.60 (1.212-2003-09-23-exp) on 
	ietf-mx.ietf.org
X-Spam-Status: No, hits=0.0 required=5.0 tests=AWL autolearn=no version=2.60
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Sender: avt-admin@ietf.org
Errors-To: avt-admin@ietf.org
X-BeenThere: avt@ietf.org
X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.12
Precedence: bulk
List-Unsubscribe: <https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt>,
	<mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=unsubscribe>
List-Id: Audio/Video Transport Working Group <avt.ietf.org>
List-Post: <mailto:avt@ietf.org>
List-Help: <mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=help>
List-Subscribe: <https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt>,
	<mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=subscribe>
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit

On Thursday 06 May 2004 00:44, Stephan Wenger wrote:
> Hi Colin, AVTers,
>
> first I want to thank Colin and Philippe for their careful review of the
> I-D.  A new version of the draft is in its final stages of preparation
> and will be made available shortly.  This new draft reflects Philippe's
> comment (by restructuring section 8.4 and several other places in the
> draft to avoid too much redundancy) and most comments of Colin as well.
>
> Let me come back to a few items of Colin's list of which we don't know
> what
>
> to do with:
> >  - In Section 5.7.2, is it correct that the DOND field is unsigned?
>
> I believe this is correct.  We can set the DONB (Decoding Order Number
> Base) to make it possible that only positive values are necessary, and
> this definition makes the wrap-around language easier.  Is there a need
> to spell this out explicitely?

No. I was just checking that the text was correct.

> >  - It may be appropriate to move Section 7 to be an appendix?
>
> We think it may be better to leave this where it is, because this
> section explains concepts that are helpful to understand some of the
> following MIME parameter definitions.  Also, many older RTP payload
> specs have the packetization and de-packetization sections next to each
> other -- it seems natural to me.

Okay.

> >- In the encoding considerations for the MIME type, may wish to note
> > that file formats are defined elsewhere?
>
> The problem here is that all file formats are still in their
> specification phase -- we can't reference them (yet).  And what good
> would a simple "elsewhere" do?

Questions about the lack of a file format have been raised during IESG 
review of other RTP payload formats. Noting that the formats are being 
defined elsewhere will avoid the question later. 

> >  - Is there any need to discuss use with RTSP in Section 8.2.2 or
> > 8.2.3?
>
> I believe that in RTSP a simple, declarative process is used.  This sems
> to be well enough defined, and I'm not aware of any special
> considerations needed for RTSP.  Colin, did you have anything in
> particular in mind?

Only that RTSP isn't mentioned in the draft: a simple "for example, RTSP," 
in the appropriate section will cover it.

> >  - The draft needs to discuss congestion control, either within
> > Security Considerations, or as a separate section.
>
> I don't see any issues of congestion control beyond those of RFC3550,
> maybe with the exception of what is written in section 7.3 (it is
> possible to discard certain NALUs in translators, mixers, and receivers
> under certain conditions, and that could be used for congestion control
> in scenarios where mixers and translators are in use).  Hence we suggest
> to add a sentence in the security section that people need to observe
> RFC3550 congestion control, and can possibly make the network's life
> easier by implementing 7.3.  Is there a need to say anything beyond
> that?

No, but that needs to be said (actually, reference RFC 3550 "and any 
applicable RTP profile, e.g. RFC 3551").

-- 
Colin Perkins
http://csperkins.org/

_______________________________________________
Audio/Video Transport Working Group
avt@ietf.org
https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt



From exim@www1.ietf.org  Thu May  6 06:22:00 2004
Received: from optimus.ietf.org (optimus.ietf.org [132.151.1.19])
	by ietf.org (8.9.1a/8.9.1a) with ESMTP id GAA03291
	for <avt-archive@odin.ietf.org>; Thu, 6 May 2004 06:22:00 -0400 (EDT)
Received: from localhost.localdomain ([127.0.0.1] helo=www1.ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BLfx6-0002Ci-OR
	for avt-archive@odin.ietf.org; Thu, 06 May 2004 06:18:05 -0400
Received: (from exim@localhost)
	by www1.ietf.org (8.12.8/8.12.8/Submit) id i46AI4wS008472
	for avt-archive@odin.ietf.org; Thu, 6 May 2004 06:18:04 -0400
Received: from localhost.localdomain ([127.0.0.1] helo=www1.ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BLfqJ-0006gj-LO; Thu, 06 May 2004 06:11:03 -0400
Received: from odin.ietf.org ([132.151.1.176] helo=ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BLfiT-00031P-GL
	for avt@optimus.ietf.org; Thu, 06 May 2004 06:02:57 -0400
Received: from ietf-mx (ietf-mx.ietf.org [132.151.6.1])
	by ietf.org (8.9.1a/8.9.1a) with ESMTP id GAA02498
	for <avt@ietf.org>; Thu, 6 May 2004 06:02:53 -0400 (EDT)
Received: from ietf-mx.ietf.org ([132.151.6.1] helo=ietf-mx)
	by ietf-mx with esmtp (Exim 4.32)
	id 1BLfiP-0001cR-T5
	for avt@ietf.org; Thu, 06 May 2004 06:02:53 -0400
Received: from exim by ietf-mx with spam-scanned (Exim 4.12)
	id 1BLfhG-0001Da-00
	for avt@ietf.org; Thu, 06 May 2004 06:01:43 -0400
Received: from mail.pi.se ([195.7.64.8])
	by ietf-mx with esmtp (Exim 4.12)
	id 1BLfgi-0000ph-00
	for avt@ietf.org; Thu, 06 May 2004 06:01:09 -0400
Received: from vit (dialup-4.249.3.236.Dial1.Washington2.Level3.net [4.249.3.236])
	by mail.pi.se (8.11.6p2/8.11.6) with SMTP id i46A0pX13459;
	Thu, 6 May 2004 12:00:51 +0200 (MEST)
From: "Gunnar Hellstrom" <gunnar.hellstrom@omnitor.se>
To: "avt IETF" <avt@ietf.org>, "Mundra, Satish" <smundra@telogy.com>
Cc: "Paul Jones\(Packetizer\)" <paulej@packetizer.com>
Subject: RE: [avt]  Comments/questions on draft-ietf-avt-rfc2793bis-03/04
Date: Thu, 6 May 2004 12:00:27 +0200
Message-ID: <BHEHLFPKIPMLPFNFAHJKGEIEEGAA.gunnar.hellstrom@omnitor.se>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain;
	charset="iso-8859-1"
X-Priority: 3 (Normal)
X-MSMail-Priority: Normal
X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook IMO, Build 9.0.2416 (9.0.2910.0)
Importance: Normal
In-Reply-To: <A03FFB626FA02D4A9C68DBA5B228AF1E09586C@gtmentos.telogy.design.ti.com>
X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1409
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
X-MIME-Autoconverted: from 8bit to quoted-printable by mail.pi.se id i46A0pX13459
X-Spam-Checker-Version: SpamAssassin 2.60 (1.212-2003-09-23-exp) on 
	ietf-mx.ietf.org
X-Spam-Status: No, hits=0.0 required=5.0 tests=none autolearn=no version=2.60
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
Sender: avt-admin@ietf.org
Errors-To: avt-admin@ietf.org
X-BeenThere: avt@ietf.org
X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.12
Precedence: bulk
List-Unsubscribe: <https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt>,
	<mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=unsubscribe>
List-Id: Audio/Video Transport Working Group <avt.ietf.org>
List-Post: <mailto:avt@ietf.org>
List-Help: <mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=help>
List-Subscribe: <https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt>,
	<mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=subscribe>
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable

Satish,
Yesterday, I gave our responses to your comments and questions about
draft-ietf-avt-rfc2793bis-04, but there were no proposed new words.

Here I suggest modifications to draft-ietf-avt-rfc2793bis-04 in response =
to
your comments, marked "<<<change" in the mail below.

Gunnar

-------------------------------------------------------------------------=
--
------------
Satish,
Thanks for reminding about questions you sent some time ago about the
rfc2793bis-03

Please see my comments inline. I have indicated where in the -04 version
that the sections have moved that you refer to.




> -----Original Message-----
> From: Mundra, Satish [mailto:smundra@telogy.com]
> Sent: Monday, March 29, 2004 2:24 AM
> To: 'Gunnar Hellstrom'; avt IETF
> Subject: RE: [avt] Comments/questions on
> draft-ietf-avt-rfc2793bis-03.txt
>
>
>
> Gunnar/Paul,
>
> Here are some comments/questions on the draft :
>
> 1. In section 3.2 : "The T140block counter MUST be initialized
> to zero the
> first time
> that a packet containing...."
>
> Initializing this counter to zero will make it weaker against encryptio=
n
> attacks when RTP payload is encrypted.
This is still in 3.2

There are also other fields that are easy to derive. This is no worse. We
want to check missing text from first character if it arrives. This was o=
ne
feasible way to achieve that goal.

>
> 2. Section 3.7 states "M-bit: The M-bit has no defined meaning
> for t140 text
> streams and MUST be set to 0."
>
> For audio/t140 this should be set on the first packet of the text-spurt
> (start of t140 payload after a period of silence ) as recommended in
> RTP/AVT.  Why audio/t140 should be treated any different from other aud=
io
> encoding methods ?
This is now in sec 3.6

There is no reliability in the M-bit. Therefore it does not add any value
to use it.

>
> 3. Section 3.9 states:  "- Each redundant data block MUST
> contain the same
> data as a T140block previously transmitted as primary data, and be
> identified with a timestamp offset
> equating to the original timestamp for that T140block."
>
> This conflicts with Section 3.8  sates "Redundant data older than 16383
> divided by the clock frequency MUST NOT be transmitted."
This is now in sec 4.2 and 4.1

It means "what you put in a redundant data block MUST have been transmitt=
ed
before as primary and the timestamp of the primary MUST be possible to
calculate from the offset in the redundant one." I think it is clear and
suggest no change.

>
> 4a. Section 4.5 states "When using the text/t140 payload format, any
> zero-length T140blocks
> that are sent as primary data MUST be included as redundant T140blocks =
on
> subsequent packets just as normal text T140blocks would be so
> that sequence
> number inference for the redundant T140blocks will be correct,
> as explained
> in section 3.9.
>
> It not clear if the MUST is only applicable if one continues to transmi=
t
> payload RED.
> I would assume that one could switch to t140 payload for the first pack=
et
> after the "silence period". A clarification text regarding
> switching to t140
> payload, if permitted, would be
> helpful.
This is now in 4.2.

If a T140 block has been sent the number of times intended ( primary and =
a
configured number of redundant ), it shall not be sent again.
When there is no new text input, redundant transmissions will take place =
at
the buffering time interval ( 300 ms recommended ) until all t140blocks
have been transmitted as redundant data the planned number of times. Not
until then transmission stops.

After a pause, there is no old text to transmit. So both if you send next
packet as text/t.140 or as text/red, it would only contain the new data. =
I
suggest that you stay with the text/red format. All procedures with
redundancy will work in both cases.

I agree that a clarification that both are permitted could be helpful.

<<<<change
Add the

>
> 4b.  Section 4.5 states "When using the audio/t140 payload format,
> zero-length T140blocks sent as primary data MUST NOT be included as
> redundant T140blocks, as it would simply be a waste of bandwidth to sen=
d
> them."
>
> With limitation on transmitting the older data (2 seconds) or
> when only one
> level of redundancy is used one would frequently see packets
> that contain no
> redundant data but
> 2198 primary encoding block header of with F-bit set to 0.
>
> Recommending a switch to regular t140 payload after "silence period" or
> zero-length T140block transmission would save additional bandwidth whic=
h
> seems to be the motivation.

This is now in section 5.4, and the MUST NOT is changed to a SHOULD NOT,
because it does no other harm than consume bits.

It might be helpful if we added a comment that it is allowed to use
audio/t140 when there is only primary data to transmit.

<<<<<change
Add a sentence at the end of 5.4
"If there is only primary data to transmit, it MAY be transmitted with th=
e
redundancy payload format or with the plain payload format."


>
>
> 5. Reading of Section 3.8/3.9/4.5 suggests that "RFC2198 -RTP Payload f=
or
> Redundant Audio Data" which is suitable for audio data requires
> additional
> rules/restrictions for text
> data where sequence numbers instead of relative timestamps are
> of interest.
> IMO, a new RTP payload format for redundant text data should be specifi=
ed
> where the redundancy header includes the "RTP sequence number offset"
> instead of the timestamp offset. This would simplify the redundancy
> mechanism for text where the goal is to infer the sequence number
> correctly and not the timestamp.

This is now in sec 4.3.

Agreed that it could be done, but we wanted to keep things simple use RFC
2198 as it was.
If we created another redundancy mechanism, it would just be another
barrier
for people to cross in order to implement RFC 2793bis.

>
>
> 6. The last figure in section 6.3 has the F-bit in the last redundancy
> header block as "1".
> It should be "0".
This is now in section 7.2.

Thanks for spotting that.
<<<<change
In section 7.2, last example, the last F-bit is changed to 0.
>
> Also the figures showing T140block counter seem to convey impression th=
at
> the t140block counter is not included in "block length" or is part of
> redundancy header. Some clarification in the figures would be helpful.

Yes, I see the risk. A clear indication that the length includes the
counter would be in place.

<<<<change,
in 4.3, change first paragraph to read:
"When redundant transmission of the data according to RFC 2198 is used, t=
he
RTP header is followed by one or more redundant data block headers, one f=
or
each redundant data block to be included.  Each of these headers provides
the timestamp offset and length of the corresponding data block including
the T140block counter and the T140block. The header ends with a payload
type number indicating this payload format ("T140")."
>
>
> 7. The benefits of introducing T140block counter are not clear.  This
> counter is not a character counter which probably could help identifyin=
g
> exact number of characters lost.

Having a character counter would not give much more information.
Transmissions in T.140 may consist of displayable text, it may be edits (
e.g. "erase last character" ), it may be combinable characters that
influence the adjacent character, it may be a beep, and it may be control
codes for change of character rendition. So, an exact number of indicator=
s
would not mean anything else than the current situation with one marker
character per missing packet.


> One can detect loss/duplicate packets using the RTP sequence
> numbers/timestamps. During a text-spurt transmission both RTP sequence
> numbers and T140block counters would be in sync.
> If one could identify the first packet of text-spurt with marker bit th=
en
> receiver would not be confused regarding loss, although the detection o=
f
> loss of the last packet in a spurt could still be difficult depending o=
n
> what follows. You have noted that event with T140block counter
> the loss of
> the last packet of a sequence of packets cannot be detected
> until the next
> text packet is transmitted. Why, it's not desirable to specify
> appropriate
> M-bit behavior instead of an additional 2byte counter in every packet ?

The M-bit can not be relied upon, because the M-bit is transmitted once
only. If that packet is lost, you lost the indicator.




>
>
> Regards,
>
> Satish Mundra
> Telogy Networks
> 20450 Century Blvd.
> Germantown, Md. 20874
>
>
>
> _______________________________________________
> Audio/Video Transport Working Group
> avt@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt
>


Regards

Gunnar

-------------------------------------------
Gunnar Hellstr=F6m
Omnitor AB
Renathv=E4gen 2
SE 121 37 Johanneshov
SWEDEN
+46 8 556 002 03
Mob: +46 708 204 288
www.omnitor.se
Gunnar.Hellstrom@Omnitor.se
--------------------------------------------




_______________________________________________
Audio/Video Transport Working Group
avt@ietf.org
https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt



From exim@www1.ietf.org  Thu May  6 13:20:43 2004
Received: from optimus.ietf.org (iesg.org [132.151.1.19])
	by ietf.org (8.9.1a/8.9.1a) with ESMTP id NAA03514
	for <avt-archive@odin.ietf.org>; Thu, 6 May 2004 13:20:43 -0400 (EDT)
Received: from localhost.localdomain ([127.0.0.1] helo=www1.ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BLm0o-0004jz-DG
	for avt-archive@odin.ietf.org; Thu, 06 May 2004 12:46:19 -0400
Received: (from exim@localhost)
	by www1.ietf.org (8.12.8/8.12.8/Submit) id i46GkIhE018219
	for avt-archive@odin.ietf.org; Thu, 6 May 2004 12:46:18 -0400
Received: from localhost.localdomain ([127.0.0.1] helo=www1.ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BLlJG-0004yO-Vc; Thu, 06 May 2004 12:01:18 -0400
Received: from odin.ietf.org ([132.151.1.176] helo=ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BLkqk-0005bw-5N
	for avt@optimus.ietf.org; Thu, 06 May 2004 11:31:50 -0400
Received: from ietf-mx (ietf-mx.ietf.org [132.151.6.1])
	by ietf.org (8.9.1a/8.9.1a) with ESMTP id LAA20345
	for <avt@ietf.org>; Thu, 6 May 2004 11:31:47 -0400 (EDT)
Received: from ietf-mx.ietf.org ([132.151.6.1] helo=ietf-mx)
	by ietf-mx with esmtp (Exim 4.32)
	id 1BLkqj-0003e6-6n
	for avt@ietf.org; Thu, 06 May 2004 11:31:49 -0400
Received: from exim by ietf-mx with spam-scanned (Exim 4.12)
	id 1BLkpn-0003Dt-00
	for avt@ietf.org; Thu, 06 May 2004 11:30:52 -0400
Received: from news.ti.com ([192.94.94.33] helo=dragon.ti.com)
	by ietf-mx with esmtp (Exim 4.12)
	id 1BLkoC-0002Km-00
	for avt@ietf.org; Thu, 06 May 2004 11:29:13 -0400
Received: from dlep91.itg.ti.com ([157.170.152.55])
	by dragon.ti.com (8.12.11/8.12.11) with ESMTP id i46FSgO4003156;
	Thu, 6 May 2004 10:28:42 -0500 (CDT)
Received: from tnint11.telogy.design.ti.com (localhost [127.0.0.1])
	by dlep91.itg.ti.com (8.12.11/8.12.11) with ESMTP id i46FSfLP023399;
	Thu, 6 May 2004 10:28:41 -0500 (CDT)
Received: by tnint11.telogy.design.ti.com with Internet Mail Service (5.5.2653.19)
	id <K2W3NHVS>; Thu, 6 May 2004 11:28:23 -0400
Message-ID: <09DD40ABD88ACF4CB0D3CD84BB95296001B44C@tnint11.telogy.design.ti.com>
From: "Mundra, Satish" <smundra@telogy.com>
To: "'Gunnar Hellstrom'" <gunnar.hellstrom@omnitor.se>,
        avt IETF
	 <avt@ietf.org>, "Mundra, Satish" <smundra@telogy.com>
Cc: "Paul Jones(Packetizer)" <paulej@packetizer.com>
Subject: RE: [avt]  Comments/questions on draft-ietf-avt-rfc2793bis-03/04
Date: Thu, 6 May 2004 11:28:22 -0400 
MIME-Version: 1.0
X-Mailer: Internet Mail Service (5.5.2653.19)
Content-Type: text/plain
X-Spam-Checker-Version: SpamAssassin 2.60 (1.212-2003-09-23-exp) on 
	ietf-mx.ietf.org
X-Spam-Status: No, hits=0.0 required=5.0 tests=none autolearn=no version=2.60
Sender: avt-admin@ietf.org
Errors-To: avt-admin@ietf.org
X-BeenThere: avt@ietf.org
X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.12
Precedence: bulk
List-Unsubscribe: <https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt>,
	<mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=unsubscribe>
List-Id: Audio/Video Transport Working Group <avt.ietf.org>
List-Post: <mailto:avt@ietf.org>
List-Help: <mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=help>
List-Subscribe: <https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt>,
	<mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=subscribe>

Gunnar,

See further comments inline...

X---snip...
> > 1. In section 3.2 : "The T140block counter MUST be 
> initialized to zero 
> > the first time
> > that a packet containing...."
> >
> > Initializing this counter to zero will make it weaker against 
> > encryption attacks when RTP payload is encrypted.
> This is still in 3.2
> 
> There are also other fields that are easy to derive. This is 
> no worse. We want to check missing text from first character 
> if it arrives. This was one feasible way to achieve that goal.
> 

I agree that there may be other fields which are easy to derive, but what if

implementations or standards are revised in future. Those may not apply to
payload where
this sequence # is present. More randomization is always preferable. 

In any case, the text/t140 will have a random sequence number on very first
packet so the 
initialization to zero for audio/t140 alone, has not resolved the same issue
with text/t140.
 
The M-bit behavior as per the AVT profile [ see 2 below] will allow the
detection of the 
loss of characters from first packet. If the first packet that is received
does not have 
M-bit set then one can conclude that one or more characters were lost. 


> >
> > 2. Section 3.7 states "M-bit: The M-bit has no defined meaning for 
> > t140 text streams and MUST be set to 0."
> >
> > For audio/t140 this should be set on the first packet of the 
> > text-spurt (start of t140 payload after a period of silence ) as 
> > recommended in RTP/AVT.  Why audio/t140 should be treated any 
> > different from other audio encoding methods ?
> This is now in sec 3.6
> 
> There is no reliability in the M-bit. Therefore it does not 
> add any value to use it.
> 

I agree that there is no reliability and moreover M-bit is not preserved by
2198 
redundancy header but that just means that receivers can not depend on
receiving it such packet all the time. See comments above[1], when present
will allow detection of loss at 
the beginning. I would think that instead of not defining any meaning, a
behavior as per 
the AVT profile is preferable. I don't see any advantage in not defining
some useful 
behavior.


> >
> > 3. Section 3.9 states:  "- Each redundant data block MUST 
> contain the 
> > same data as a T140block previously transmitted as primary 
> data, and 
> > be identified with a timestamp offset
> > equating to the original timestamp for that T140block."
> >
> > This conflicts with Section 3.8  sates "Redundant data older than 
> > 16383 divided by the clock frequency MUST NOT be transmitted."
> This is now in sec 4.2 and 4.1
> 
> It means "what you put in a redundant data block MUST have 
> been transmitted before as primary and the timestamp of the 
> primary MUST be possible to calculate from the offset in the 
> redundant one." I think it is clear and suggest no change.
> 

The primary that was sent can be lost, so a receiver can not rely of
receiving primary 
and needs to be prepared to deduce the sequence numbers from timestamp
offsets alone in
particular packet, so why a MUST ? 

If the redundant data is older that (2.048 Secs fro 8Khz clock OR 20.48 sec
for 1Khz), one
can not send that data as redundancy payload as the timestamp offset will be
more that 
13bits as noted in ( sec 4.2 in -04). In that case, one can not satisfy
"MUST contain the
same data previously transmitted as primary" which is important for making
accurate loss
detection for text/t140.

Any zero-length t140 blocks transmitted as  primary for text/t140 MUST be
sent again as
redundant block[4a below], what will one do if after transmitting a
zero-length block, the
next data is not available for more than 21 seconds or so. Should one keep
sending 
zero-length blocks so as to ensure that sequence number deduction would be
feasible ?

> >
> > 4a. Section 4.5 states "When using the text/t140 payload 
> format, any 
> > zero-length T140blocks that are sent as primary data MUST 
> be included 
> > as redundant T140blocks on subsequent packets just as normal text 
> > T140blocks would be so that sequence
> > number inference for the redundant T140blocks will be correct,
> > as explained
> > in section 3.9.
> >
> > It not clear if the MUST is only applicable if one continues to 
> > transmit payload RED. I would assume that one could switch to t140 
> > payload for the first packet after the "silence period". A 
> > clarification text regarding switching to t140
> > payload, if permitted, would be
> > helpful.
> This is now in 4.2.
> 
> If a T140 block has been sent the number of times intended ( 
> primary and a configured number of redundant ), it shall not 
> be sent again. When there is no new text input, redundant 
> transmissions will take place at the buffering time interval 
> ( 300 ms recommended ) until all t140blocks have been 
> transmitted as redundant data the planned number of times. 
> Not until then transmission stops.
> 
> After a pause, there is no old text to transmit. So both if 
> you send next packet as text/t.140 or as text/red, it would 
> only contain the new data. I suggest that you stay with the 
> text/red format. All procedures with redundancy will work in 
> both cases.
> 
> I agree that a clarification that both are permitted could be helpful.
> 
> <<<<change
> Add the
> 
OK.

In either case, there is a issue when the packet with "zero-length" block as
primary is
lost for text/t140. If you don't send it as redundant data or switch to
text/t140.
A receiver will see a sequence # gap and will indicate loss of text-data
when there was
none. 

X---snip

> >
> > 5. Reading of Section 3.8/3.9/4.5 suggests that "RFC2198 
> -RTP Payload 
> > for Redundant Audio Data" which is suitable for audio data requires 
> > additional rules/restrictions for text
> > data where sequence numbers instead of relative timestamps are
> > of interest.
> > IMO, a new RTP payload format for redundant text data 
> should be specified
> > where the redundancy header includes the "RTP sequence 
> number offset"
> > instead of the timestamp offset. This would simplify the redundancy
> > mechanism for text where the goal is to infer the sequence number
> > correctly and not the timestamp.
> 
> This is now in sec 4.3.
> 
> Agreed that it could be done, but we wanted to keep things 
> simple use RFC 2198 as it was. If we created another 
> redundancy mechanism, it would just be another barrier for 
> people to cross in order to implement RFC 2793bis.
> 
  Having different payload format for auidio/t140 and text/t140 and
different behavior for
zero-length-block behavior and condition in Sec. 4.2/4.3( of -04 version),
IMHO, is
redefining the 2198 to make it suitable for non-audio data to enable one to
deduce to seq#
from timestamp-offsets. I guess it's debatable as to which one is a bigger
barrier to cross.

X---snip

> >
> > 7. The benefits of introducing T140block counter are not 
> clear.  This
> > counter is not a character counter which probably could 
> help identifying
> > exact number of characters lost.
> 
> Having a character counter would not give much more information.
> Transmissions in T.140 may consist of displayable text, it 
> may be edits (
> e.g. "erase last character" ), it may be combinable characters that
> influence the adjacent character, it may be a beep, and it 
> may be control
> codes for change of character rendition. So, an exact number 
> of indicators
> would not mean anything else than the current situation with 
> one marker
> character per missing packet.
> 
> 

OK. 



> > One can detect loss/duplicate packets using the RTP sequence
> > numbers/timestamps. During a text-spurt transmission both 
> RTP sequence
> > numbers and T140block counters would be in sync.
> > If one could identify the first packet of text-spurt with 
> marker bit then
> > receiver would not be confused regarding loss, although the 
> detection of
> > loss of the last packet in a spurt could still be difficult 
> depending on
> > what follows. You have noted that event with T140block counter
> > the loss of
> > the last packet of a sequence of packets cannot be detected
> > until the next
> > text packet is transmitted. Why, it's not desirable to specify
> > appropriate
> > M-bit behavior instead of an additional 2byte counter in 
> every packet ?
> 
> The M-bit can not be relied upon, because the M-bit is 
> transmitted once
> only. If that packet is lost, you lost the indicator.
> 

Yes, but the fact that one received a packet with M-bit not set when one was
expecting one, at the beginning of text-spurt, is an indication of loss.
There by serving the purpose that "t140 block counter" is serving, namely
indicate "loss of one or more characters". I still do not see benefits of
introducing this counter when it appears that the same can be accomplished
by using M-bit.





Regards,

Satish Mundra

_______________________________________________
Audio/Video Transport Working Group
avt@ietf.org
https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt



From exim@www1.ietf.org  Thu May  6 13:48:40 2004
Received: from optimus.ietf.org (iesg.org [132.151.1.19])
	by ietf.org (8.9.1a/8.9.1a) with ESMTP id NAA06795
	for <avt-archive@odin.ietf.org>; Thu, 6 May 2004 13:48:40 -0400 (EDT)
Received: from localhost.localdomain ([127.0.0.1] helo=www1.ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BLmf7-0008Hw-OR
	for avt-archive@odin.ietf.org; Thu, 06 May 2004 13:27:58 -0400
Received: (from exim@localhost)
	by www1.ietf.org (8.12.8/8.12.8/Submit) id i46HRvqM031832
	for avt-archive@odin.ietf.org; Thu, 6 May 2004 13:27:57 -0400
Received: from localhost.localdomain ([127.0.0.1] helo=www1.ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BLmPY-0004RN-JW; Thu, 06 May 2004 13:11:52 -0400
Received: from odin.ietf.org ([132.151.1.176] helo=ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BLlag-0007Kl-Uo
	for avt@optimus.ietf.org; Thu, 06 May 2004 12:19:28 -0400
Received: from ietf-mx (ietf-mx.ietf.org [132.151.6.1])
	by ietf.org (8.9.1a/8.9.1a) with ESMTP id MAA25514
	for <avt@ietf.org>; Thu, 6 May 2004 12:19:15 -0400 (EDT)
Received: from ietf-mx.ietf.org ([132.151.6.1] helo=ietf-mx)
	by ietf-mx with esmtp (Exim 4.32)
	id 1BLlaf-0000eD-E8
	for avt@ietf.org; Thu, 06 May 2004 12:19:17 -0400
Received: from exim by ietf-mx with spam-scanned (Exim 4.12)
	id 1BLlYn-0007Sa-00
	for avt@ietf.org; Thu, 06 May 2004 12:17:22 -0400
Received: from mail-out4.apple.com ([17.254.13.23])
	by ietf-mx with esmtp (Exim 4.12)
	id 1BLlWQ-0006Hk-00
	for avt@ietf.org; Thu, 06 May 2004 12:14:54 -0400
Received: from mailgate1.apple.com (a17-128-100-225.apple.com [17.128.100.225])
	by mail-out4.apple.com (8.12.11/8.12.11) with ESMTP id i46GEl5g020142
	for <avt@ietf.org>; Thu, 6 May 2004 09:14:47 -0700 (PDT)
Received: from relay1.apple.com (relay1.apple.com) by mailgate1.apple.com
 (Content Technologies SMTPRS 4.3.6) with ESMTP id <T6966005265118064e13c4@mailgate1.apple.com>;
 Thu, 6 May 2004 09:14:23 -0700
Received: from [17.219.157.83] (singda.apple.com [17.202.35.52])
	by relay1.apple.com (8.12.11/8.12.11) with ESMTP id i46GE5u9022342;
	Thu, 6 May 2004 09:14:06 -0700 (PDT)
Mime-Version: 1.0
X-Sender: singer@mail.apple.com (Unverified)
Message-Id: <p06020403bcc013c9da16@[17.219.157.83]>
In-Reply-To: <200405060955.38261.csp@csperkins.org>
References: 
  <OF440DFE48.A3490584-ONC1256E83.0028BFEC-C1256E83.00403EE3@diamond.philip
 s.com> <200405031611.14535.csp@csperkins.org>
 <6.0.3.0.2.20040506012225.03213870@pop.serverkompetenz.de>
 <200405060955.38261.csp@csperkins.org>
Date: Thu, 6 May 2004 09:13:47 -0700
To: Colin Perkins <csp@csperkins.org>, Stephan Wenger <stewe@stewe.org>
From: Dave Singer <singer@apple.com>
Subject: Re: [AVT] I-D ACTION:draft-ietf-avt-rtp-h264-05.txt
Cc: avt@ietf.org, Magnus Westerlund <magnus.westerlund@ericsson.com>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" ; format="flowed"
X-Spam-Checker-Version: SpamAssassin 2.60 (1.212-2003-09-23-exp) on 
	ietf-mx.ietf.org
X-Spam-Status: No, hits=0.0 required=5.0 tests=none autolearn=no version=2.60
Sender: avt-admin@ietf.org
Errors-To: avt-admin@ietf.org
X-BeenThere: avt@ietf.org
X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.12
Precedence: bulk
List-Unsubscribe: <https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt>,
	<mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=unsubscribe>
List-Id: Audio/Video Transport Working Group <avt.ietf.org>
List-Post: <mailto:avt@ietf.org>
List-Help: <mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=help>
List-Subscribe: <https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt>,
	<mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=subscribe>

>  > >- In the encoding considerations for the MIME type, may wish to note
>>  > that file formats are defined elsewhere?
>>
>>  The problem here is that all file formats are still in their
>>  specification phase -- we can't reference them (yet).  And what good
>>  would a simple "elsewhere" do?
>
>Questions about the lack of a file format have been raised during IESG
>review of other RTP payload formats. Noting that the formats are being
>defined elsewhere will avoid the question later.

Then perhaps it is appropriate to say a little more.

MPEG has defined the storage of AVC/H.264 content in ISO-family 
files, and that specification is published.  It's not expected to be 
used standalone, of course, as video is rarely found standalone 
(usually with audio).  So this does define the storage of AVC in MP4, 
3GP, 3GP2 and so on.  RTP packetization of this format shouldn't be 
excessively problematic, as it stores whole NAL Units in the same 
form as the RTP payload, and hint tracks can also be used if 
appropriate to pre-compute packetization.

The packing of AVC/H.264 into MPEG-2 transport streams is also 
defined, so it is also possible to encounter MPEG-2 
transport-streams-frozen-on-disk which contain H.264.  The RTP 
packetization of those would involve changing the NAL Units from 
start-code to length-fields, and I expect other operations.

Would text like this help?
-- 
David Singer
Apple Computer/QuickTime

_______________________________________________
Audio/Video Transport Working Group
avt@ietf.org
https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt



From exim@www1.ietf.org  Thu May  6 17:38:02 2004
Received: from optimus.ietf.org (optimus.ietf.org [132.151.1.19])
	by ietf.org (8.9.1a/8.9.1a) with ESMTP id RAA21060
	for <avt-archive@odin.ietf.org>; Thu, 6 May 2004 17:38:01 -0400 (EDT)
Received: from localhost.localdomain ([127.0.0.1] helo=www1.ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BLqUs-0007HT-Ix
	for avt-archive@odin.ietf.org; Thu, 06 May 2004 17:33:39 -0400
Received: (from exim@localhost)
	by www1.ietf.org (8.12.8/8.12.8/Submit) id i46LXcgD027988
	for avt-archive@odin.ietf.org; Thu, 6 May 2004 17:33:38 -0400
Received: from localhost.localdomain ([127.0.0.1] helo=www1.ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BLqGo-0002PW-4k; Thu, 06 May 2004 17:19:06 -0400
Received: from odin.ietf.org ([132.151.1.176] helo=ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BLqBG-0000LG-1G
	for avt@optimus.ietf.org; Thu, 06 May 2004 17:13:22 -0400
Received: from ietf-mx (ietf-mx.ietf.org [132.151.6.1])
	by ietf.org (8.9.1a/8.9.1a) with ESMTP id RAA19939
	for <avt@ietf.org>; Thu, 6 May 2004 17:13:18 -0400 (EDT)
Received: from ietf-mx.ietf.org ([132.151.6.1] helo=ietf-mx)
	by ietf-mx with esmtp (Exim 4.32)
	id 1BLqBD-0001Ag-NS
	for avt@ietf.org; Thu, 06 May 2004 17:13:19 -0400
Received: from exim by ietf-mx with spam-scanned (Exim 4.12)
	id 1BLqAH-0000gF-00
	for avt@ietf.org; Thu, 06 May 2004 17:12:22 -0400
Received: from rrcs-midsouth-24-199-146-6.biz.rr.com
	([24.199.146.6] helo=berlin.arid.us ident=system)
	by ietf-mx with esmtp (Exim 4.12)
	id 1BLq8O-0007Wb-00
	for avt@ietf.org; Thu, 06 May 2004 17:10:24 -0400
Received: from madrid (madrid.arid.us [192.168.1.10])
	by berlin.arid.us (8.12.8/8.12.8) with SMTP id i46LAHgd023918;
	Thu, 6 May 2004 17:10:18 -0400
Message-ID: <01a101c433ae$88e80690$0a01a8c0@madrid>
From: "Paul E. Jones" <paulej@packetizer.com>
To: "Mundra, Satish" <smundra@telogy.com>,
        "'Gunnar Hellstrom'" <gunnar.hellstrom@omnitor.se>,
        "avt IETF" <avt@ietf.org>
References: <09DD40ABD88ACF4CB0D3CD84BB95296001B44C@tnint11.telogy.design.ti.com>
Subject: Re: [avt]  Comments/questions on draft-ietf-avt-rfc2793bis-03/04
Date: Thu, 6 May 2004 17:10:18 -0400
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain;
	charset="Windows-1252"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
X-Priority: 3
X-MSMail-Priority: Normal
X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 6.00.2800.1409
X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1409
X-Spam-Checker-Version: SpamAssassin 2.60 (1.212-2003-09-23-exp) on 
	ietf-mx.ietf.org
X-Spam-Status: No, hits=0.0 required=5.0 tests=AWL autolearn=no version=2.60
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Sender: avt-admin@ietf.org
Errors-To: avt-admin@ietf.org
X-BeenThere: avt@ietf.org
X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.12
Precedence: bulk
List-Unsubscribe: <https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt>,
	<mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=unsubscribe>
List-Id: Audio/Video Transport Working Group <avt.ietf.org>
List-Post: <mailto:avt@ietf.org>
List-Help: <mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=help>
List-Subscribe: <https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt>,
	<mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=subscribe>
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit

Satish,

I'll respond to some questions, but leave most to Gunnar:

> > > 1. In section 3.2 : "The T140block counter MUST be
> > initialized to zero
> > > the first time
> > > that a packet containing...."
> > >
> > > Initializing this counter to zero will make it weaker against
> > > encryption attacks when RTP payload is encrypted.
> > This is still in 3.2
> >
> > There are also other fields that are easy to derive. This is
> > no worse. We want to check missing text from first character
> > if it arrives. This was one feasible way to achieve that goal.
> >
>
> I agree that there may be other fields which are easy to derive, but what
if
>
> implementations or standards are revised in future. Those may not apply to
> payload where
> this sequence # is present. More randomization is always preferable.
>
> In any case, the text/t140 will have a random sequence number on very
first
> packet so the
> initialization to zero for audio/t140 alone, has not resolved the same
issue
> with text/t140.

You have a good point about not being able to detect the loss of an initial
character in text/t140.  I believe that is right.

I'm less concerned with being able to use information about part of the
contents of a particular packet.  It might make it vulnerable to attack, but
it also shows a weakness in the encryption that is used.  With many codecs,
some of the bits within the payload have a value that is known or can be
guessed.  I suppose the T140block counter offers the largest number of such
bits.

I don't have an incredibly strong feeling one way or the other.  But, I
would like suggestions on how to determine the loss of the initial character
if we change the value (I know you like the M bit).  Perhaps it is simply
not that important to detect loss of the initial character.

> > > 3. Section 3.9 states:  "- Each redundant data block MUST
> > contain the
> > > same data as a T140block previously transmitted as primary
> > data, and
> > > be identified with a timestamp offset
> > > equating to the original timestamp for that T140block."
> > >
> > > This conflicts with Section 3.8  sates "Redundant data older than
> > > 16383 divided by the clock frequency MUST NOT be transmitted."
> > This is now in sec 4.2 and 4.1
> >
> > It means "what you put in a redundant data block MUST have
> > been transmitted before as primary and the timestamp of the
> > primary MUST be possible to calculate from the offset in the
> > redundant one." I think it is clear and suggest no change.
> >
>
> The primary that was sent can be lost, so a receiver can not rely of
> receiving primary
> and needs to be prepared to deduce the sequence numbers from timestamp
> offsets alone in
> particular packet, so why a MUST ?

Which MUST are you concerned about?  The requirement that the redundancy
packet MUST carry the previous primary data?  It is not possible to
determine the sequence number based only on the timestamps for text, as text
is not constantly flowing.  But, I may have misunderstood your point.

> If the redundant data is older that (2.048 Secs fro 8Khz clock OR 20.48
sec
> for 1Khz), one
> can not send that data as redundancy payload as the timestamp offset will
be
> more that
> 13bits as noted in ( sec 4.2 in -04). In that case, one can not satisfy
> "MUST contain the
> same data previously transmitted as primary" which is important for making
> accurate loss
> detection for text/t140.
>

Agreed.  The text recommends transmitting at 300ms.  With two levels of
redundancy, we're OK.  If we have more redundancy, the interval must be
faster (but more redundancy is really not necessary).  Also, audio/t140
re-transmission is likely to be much faster than text/t140, especially when
voice is detected and also needs to be transmitted.

> Any zero-length t140 blocks transmitted as  primary for text/t140 MUST be
> sent again as
> redundant block[4a below], what will one do if after transmitting a
> zero-length block, the
> next data is not available for more than 21 seconds or so. Should one keep
> sending
> zero-length blocks so as to ensure that sequence number deduction would be
> feasible ?

We must make sure there are no gaps, so even after 21 seconds, the next
text/t140 packet must contain any previous empty "primary" data T140blocks.

> In either case, there is a issue when the packet with "zero-length" block
as
> primary is
> lost for text/t140. If you don't send it as redundant data or switch to
> text/t140.
> A receiver will see a sequence # gap and will indicate loss of text-data
> when there was
> none.

You're saying that if we send this packet:
   { R1(text), R2(empty), P1(empty) }

And then there is nothing to transmit for a while and the next packet looks
like this:
   { P1'(non-empty }

Then the receiver will wonder what happend to the sequence number associated
with P1(empty)?  I think you might be correct.  This might cause incorrect
interpretations of lost characters for text/t140.  Audio/t140 does not have
the same problem, as it has the T140block counter inside the payload.
Gunnar?

> > The M-bit can not be relied upon, because the M-bit is
> > transmitted once
> > only. If that packet is lost, you lost the indicator.
> >
>
> Yes, but the fact that one received a packet with M-bit not set when one
was
> expecting one, at the beginning of text-spurt, is an indication of loss.
> There by serving the purpose that "t140 block counter" is serving, namely
> indicate "loss of one or more characters". I still do not see benefits of
> introducing this counter when it appears that the same can be accomplished
> by using M-bit.

The M-bit cannot stand in for the T140block counter.  Even with significant
congestion and the loss of 10 packets in a row, the T140block counter can
indicate loss, whereas the M-bit would have been lost 7 packets earlier.

I honestly think the use of the M-bit is questionable for text.  I can see
some utility in voice packets *if* it were reliably delivered.  Given that
it can be lost, the receiver has to be prepared to function properly without
it... so why bother?  Another argument we could make is that since there is
no silence suppression, we should set it to zero (RFC 3551).  Perhaps that's
a stretch, but I largely think it's about the same... I just cannot see any
utility of the market bit in the text applications.

Paul


_______________________________________________
Audio/Video Transport Working Group
avt@ietf.org
https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt



From exim@www1.ietf.org  Thu May  6 23:00:10 2004
Received: from optimus.ietf.org (www.iesg.org [132.151.1.19])
	by ietf.org (8.9.1a/8.9.1a) with ESMTP id XAA06547
	for <avt-archive@odin.ietf.org>; Thu, 6 May 2004 23:00:10 -0400 (EDT)
Received: from localhost.localdomain ([127.0.0.1] helo=www1.ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BLvTs-0001E2-5Z
	for avt-archive@odin.ietf.org; Thu, 06 May 2004 22:52:56 -0400
Received: (from exim@localhost)
	by www1.ietf.org (8.12.8/8.12.8/Submit) id i472quv8004665
	for avt-archive@odin.ietf.org; Thu, 6 May 2004 22:52:56 -0400
Received: from localhost.localdomain ([127.0.0.1] helo=www1.ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BLvQ5-000089-Th; Thu, 06 May 2004 22:49:01 -0400
Received: from odin.ietf.org ([132.151.1.176] helo=ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BLvKp-0006uK-N2
	for avt@optimus.ietf.org; Thu, 06 May 2004 22:43:35 -0400
Received: from ietf-mx (ietf-mx.ietf.org [132.151.6.1])
	by ietf.org (8.9.1a/8.9.1a) with ESMTP id WAA05940
	for <avt@ietf.org>; Thu, 6 May 2004 22:43:31 -0400 (EDT)
Received: from ietf-mx.ietf.org ([132.151.6.1] helo=ietf-mx)
	by ietf-mx with esmtp (Exim 4.32)
	id 1BLvKm-0006wm-AU
	for avt@ietf.org; Thu, 06 May 2004 22:43:32 -0400
Received: from exim by ietf-mx with spam-scanned (Exim 4.12)
	id 1BLvJh-0006Wt-00
	for avt@ietf.org; Thu, 06 May 2004 22:42:25 -0400
Received: from rrcs-midsouth-24-199-146-6.biz.rr.com
	([24.199.146.6] helo=berlin.arid.us ident=system)
	by ietf-mx with esmtp (Exim 4.12)
	id 1BLvJG-00067J-00
	for avt@ietf.org; Thu, 06 May 2004 22:41:58 -0400
Received: from madrid (madrid.arid.us [192.168.1.10])
	by berlin.arid.us (8.12.8/8.12.8) with SMTP id i472fpgd025941;
	Thu, 6 May 2004 22:41:51 -0400
Message-ID: <008401c433dc$da07c320$0a01a8c0@madrid>
From: "Paul E. Jones" <paulej@packetizer.com>
To: "Paul E. Jones" <paulej@packetizer.com>, <avt@ietf.org>
Cc: <tamura@toda.ricoh.co.jp>
References: <014a01c416bb$45f6bcb0$0a01a8c0@madrid>
Date: Thu, 6 May 2004 22:41:50 -0400
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain;
	charset="Windows-1252"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
X-Priority: 3
X-MSMail-Priority: Normal
X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 6.00.2800.1409
X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1409
X-Spam-Checker-Version: SpamAssassin 2.60 (1.212-2003-09-23-exp) on 
	ietf-mx.ietf.org
X-Spam-Status: No, hits=0.0 required=5.0 tests=AWL autolearn=no version=2.60
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Subject: [AVT] Re: draft-jones-avt-audio-t38-04.txt
Sender: avt-admin@ietf.org
Errors-To: avt-admin@ietf.org
X-BeenThere: avt@ietf.org
X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.12
Precedence: bulk
List-Unsubscribe: <https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt>,
	<mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=unsubscribe>
List-Id: Audio/Video Transport Working Group <avt.ietf.org>
List-Post: <mailto:avt@ietf.org>
List-Help: <mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=help>
List-Subscribe: <https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt>,
	<mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=subscribe>
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit

Folks,

This is just a follow-up message to the one I posted on March 30 regarding
the most recent I-D for registering the audio/t38 MIME type.  Would somebody
be interested to review this to see if there are any issues?  The previous
draft (-03) was under IESG review, but I requested that we postpone that
review, as Tamura-san and I made a number of changes to the document.  In
particular, this document introduces a number of parameters that were
defined in T.38 Amendment 2.

I look forward to your feedback.

Thanks,
Paul


_______________________________________________
Audio/Video Transport Working Group
avt@ietf.org
https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt



From exim@www1.ietf.org  Fri May  7 01:35:11 2004
Received: from optimus.ietf.org (optimus.ietf.org [132.151.1.19])
	by ietf.org (8.9.1a/8.9.1a) with ESMTP id BAA12722
	for <avt-archive@odin.ietf.org>; Fri, 7 May 2004 01:35:11 -0400 (EDT)
Received: from localhost.localdomain ([127.0.0.1] helo=www1.ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BLxt9-0000b1-UJ
	for avt-archive@odin.ietf.org; Fri, 07 May 2004 01:27:12 -0400
Received: (from exim@localhost)
	by www1.ietf.org (8.12.8/8.12.8/Submit) id i475RBd8002291
	for avt-archive@odin.ietf.org; Fri, 7 May 2004 01:27:11 -0400
Received: from localhost.localdomain ([127.0.0.1] helo=www1.ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BLxp6-0007nh-NB; Fri, 07 May 2004 01:23:00 -0400
Received: from odin.ietf.org ([132.151.1.176] helo=ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BLxnc-0007DI-J2
	for avt@optimus.ietf.org; Fri, 07 May 2004 01:21:28 -0400
Received: from ietf-mx (ietf-mx.ietf.org [132.151.6.1])
	by ietf.org (8.9.1a/8.9.1a) with ESMTP id BAA12019
	for <avt@ietf.org>; Fri, 7 May 2004 01:21:26 -0400 (EDT)
Received: from ietf-mx.ietf.org ([132.151.6.1] helo=ietf-mx)
	by ietf-mx with esmtp (Exim 4.32)
	id 1BLxnZ-0000W7-Dp
	for avt@ietf.org; Fri, 07 May 2004 01:21:25 -0400
Received: from exim by ietf-mx with spam-scanned (Exim 4.12)
	id 1BLxmc-000065-00
	for avt@ietf.org; Fri, 07 May 2004 01:20:28 -0400
Received: from mail3.pi.se ([195.7.64.137] ident=root)
	by ietf-mx with esmtp (Exim 4.12)
	id 1BLxln-0007Tr-00
	for avt@ietf.org; Fri, 07 May 2004 01:19:35 -0400
Received: from vit (dialup-4.249.33.141.Dial1.Washington2.Level3.net [4.249.33.141])
	(authenticated (0 bits))
	by mail3.pi.se (8.12.10/8.11.2) with ESMTP id i475GU5C019850;
	Fri, 7 May 2004 07:16:56 +0200 (CEST)
From: "Gunnar Hellstrom" <gunnar.hellstrom@omnitor.se>
To: "Paul E. Jones" <paulej@packetizer.com>,
        "Mundra, Satish" <smundra@telogy.com>, "avt IETF" <avt@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [avt]  Comments/questions on draft-ietf-avt-rfc2793bis-03/04
Date: Fri, 7 May 2004 07:19:00 +0200
Message-ID: <BHEHLFPKIPMLPFNFAHJKIELMEGAA.gunnar.hellstrom@omnitor.se>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain;
	charset="Windows-1252"
X-Priority: 3 (Normal)
X-MSMail-Priority: Normal
X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook IMO, Build 9.0.2416 (9.0.2910.0)
Importance: Normal
In-Reply-To: <01a101c433ae$88e80690$0a01a8c0@madrid>
X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1409
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
X-MIME-Autoconverted: from 8bit to quoted-printable by mail3.pi.se id i475GU5C019850
X-Spam-Checker-Version: SpamAssassin 2.60 (1.212-2003-09-23-exp) on 
	ietf-mx.ietf.org
X-Spam-Status: No, hits=0.0 required=5.0 tests=none autolearn=no version=2.60
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
Sender: avt-admin@ietf.org
Errors-To: avt-admin@ietf.org
X-BeenThere: avt@ietf.org
X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.12
Precedence: bulk
List-Unsubscribe: <https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt>,
	<mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=unsubscribe>
List-Id: Audio/Video Transport Working Group <avt.ietf.org>
List-Post: <mailto:avt@ietf.org>
List-Help: <mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=help>
List-Subscribe: <https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt>,
	<mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=subscribe>
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable

Satish,
Further answers inline,

Gunnar

-------------------------------------------
Gunnar Hellstr=F6m
Omnitor AB
Renathv=E4gen 2
SE 121 37 Johanneshov
SWEDEN
+46 8 556 002 03
Mob: +46 708 204 288
www.omnitor.se
Gunnar.Hellstrom@Omnitor.se
--------------------------------------------


> -----Original Message-----
> From: Paul E. Jones [mailto:paulej@packetizer.com]
> Sent: Thursday, May 06, 2004 11:10 PM
> To: Mundra, Satish; 'Gunnar Hellstrom'; avt IETF
> Subject: Re: [avt] Comments/questions on draft-ietf-avt-rfc2793bis-03/0=
4
>
>
> Satish,
>
> I'll respond to some questions, but leave most to Gunnar:
>
> > > > 1. In section 3.2 : "The T140block counter MUST be
> > > initialized to zero
> > > > the first time
> > > > that a packet containing...."
> > > >
> > > > Initializing this counter to zero will make it weaker against
> > > > encryption attacks when RTP payload is encrypted.
> > > This is still in 3.2
> > >
> > > There are also other fields that are easy to derive. This is
> > > no worse. We want to check missing text from first character
> > > if it arrives. This was one feasible way to achieve that goal.
> > >
> >
> > I agree that there may be other fields which are easy to
> derive, but what
> if
> >
> > implementations or standards are revised in future. Those may
> not apply to
> > payload where
> > this sequence # is present. More randomization is always preferable.
> >
> > In any case, the text/t140 will have a random sequence number on very
> first
> > packet so the
> > initialization to zero for audio/t140 alone, has not resolved the sam=
e
> issue
> > with text/t140.
>
> You have a good point about not being able to detect the loss of
> an initial
> character in text/t140.  I believe that is right.
>
> I'm less concerned with being able to use information about part of the
> contents of a particular packet.  It might make it vulnerable to
> attack, but
> it also shows a weakness in the encryption that is used.  With
> many codecs,
> some of the bits within the payload have a value that is known or can b=
e
> guessed.  I suppose the T140block counter offers the largest
> number of such
> bits.
>
> I don't have an incredibly strong feeling one way or the other.  But, I
> would like suggestions on how to determine the loss of the
> initial character
> if we change the value (I know you like the M bit).  Perhaps it is simp=
ly
> not that important to detect loss of the initial character.
T.140 requests that the first character sent in a session is a UTF-8
synchronisation character.
"7.1	Code signature and synchronization
The ZERO WIDTH NO-BREAK SPACE character (FEFF) shall be inserted in the
beginning of the session. "
So, a receiving T.140 could check the first character. If it is not the
sync character, one or more characters can be assumed to be lost, and it =
is
suitable to mark the loss.

>
> > > > 3. Section 3.9 states:  "- Each redundant data block MUST
> > > contain the
> > > > same data as a T140block previously transmitted as primary
> > > data, and
> > > > be identified with a timestamp offset
> > > > equating to the original timestamp for that T140block."
> > > >
> > > > This conflicts with Section 3.8  sates "Redundant data older than
> > > > 16383 divided by the clock frequency MUST NOT be transmitted."
> > > This is now in sec 4.2 and 4.1
> > >
> > > It means "what you put in a redundant data block MUST have
> > > been transmitted before as primary and the timestamp of the
> > > primary MUST be possible to calculate from the offset in the
> > > redundant one." I think it is clear and suggest no change.
> > >
> >
> > The primary that was sent can be lost, so a receiver can not rely of
> > receiving primary
> > and needs to be prepared to deduce the sequence numbers from timestam=
p
> > offsets alone in
> > particular packet, so why a MUST ?
>
> Which MUST are you concerned about?  The requirement that the redundanc=
y
> packet MUST carry the previous primary data?  It is not possible to
> determine the sequence number based only on the timestamps for
> text, as text
> is not constantly flowing.  But, I may have misunderstood your point.
>
The MUST makes it still possible to deduct the timestamp of the text. Eve=
n
if it can not be used for detection of loss, some designer may want to us=
e
the timestamp e.g. for planning of playout, conversion to the timed-text
format or so.

> > If the redundant data is older that (2.048 Secs fro 8Khz clock OR 20.=
48
> sec
> > for 1Khz), one
> > can not send that data as redundancy payload as the timestamp
> offset will
> be
> > more that
> > 13bits as noted in ( sec 4.2 in -04). In that case, one can not satis=
fy
> > "MUST contain the
> > same data previously transmitted as primary" which is
> important for making
> > accurate loss
> > detection for text/t140.
But text/t140 has 1000 Hz clock just with the reason that it shall allow =
16
seconds span for the redundancy.
> >
>
> Agreed.  The text recommends transmitting at 300ms.  With two levels of
> redundancy, we're OK.  If we have more redundancy, the interval must be
> faster (but more redundancy is really not necessary).  Also, audio/t140
> re-transmission is likely to be much faster than text/t140,
> especially when
> voice is detected and also needs to be transmitted.
>
> > Any zero-length t140 blocks transmitted as  primary for
> text/t140 MUST be
> > sent again as
> > redundant block[4a below], what will one do if after transmitting a
> > zero-length block, the
> > next data is not available for more than 21 seconds or so.
> Should one keep
> > sending
> > zero-length blocks so as to ensure that sequence number
> deduction would be
> > feasible ?
No, you "pump out" the last text as redundant text at 300 ms intervals. I=
f
you have the recommended two levels of redundancy, the last characters
before a pause will sent as primary, then as secondary after 300 ms and
then as tertiary after 600 ms. Then it is silent and nothing is in
transmission buffers. When new text is coming from the user to be sent, i=
t
will be sent as primary text and no secondary exists to be transmitted.

This mechanism is described in the section about silence.

>
> We must make sure there are no gaps, so even after 21 seconds, the next
> text/t140 packet must contain any previous empty "primary" data
> T140blocks.
>
> > In either case, there is a issue when the packet with
> "zero-length" block
> as
> > primary is
> > lost for text/t140. If you don't send it as redundant data or switch =
to
> > text/t140.
> > A receiver will see a sequence # gap and will indicate loss of
> text-data
> > when there was
> > none.
>
> You're saying that if we send this packet:
>    { R1(text), R2(empty), P1(empty) }
>
> And then there is nothing to transmit for a while and the next
> packet looks
> like this:
>    { P1'(non-empty }
>
> Then the receiver will wonder what happend to the sequence
> number associated
> with P1(empty)?  I think you might be correct.  This might cause
> incorrect
> interpretations of lost characters for text/t140.  Audio/t140
> does not have
> the same problem, as it has the T140block counter inside the payload.
> Gunnar?

Yes, there is a spotted problem, but the description above is not correct.

1 send { R2(text x), R1(text y), P1(text z) }    and receive it
no more input causes after 300 ms
2 send { R2(text y), R1(text z), P1(empty) }     assume lost
after 300 ms
3 send { R2(text z), R1(empty), P1(empty) }     assume lost

after 21 seconds the user types text q.
4 send { P1(text q) } with text/red payload type    receive it   -
Because the old R1 and R1 are so old that thy should not be sent.

This reveals a sequence number loss 2 and 3, and no information available
to repair the loss with. So, according to current logic in rfc2793bis, th=
e
loss should be marked. And it was only empty fields that we lost, so it
will be a false mark.

It does not help to send the new packet with text/t140, the gap will be
noticed and marked anyway.

It helps a little if we allow data older than 16383 ticks to be tranmitte=
d.
Then, the
4b send { R2(empty), R1(empty), P1(text q) } received would reveal that
nothing was lost,

But losing also 4b would create a false loss detected when transmission 5
is received.

This is unfortunate but not unacceptable. We have not promised total
reliability on the indicator for missing data.

Do you have a proposal for how to reduce the risk of misdetection of loss=
?



>
> > > The M-bit can not be relied upon, because the M-bit is
> > > transmitted once
> > > only. If that packet is lost, you lost the indicator.
> > >
> >
> > Yes, but the fact that one received a packet with M-bit not
> set when one
> was
> > expecting one, at the beginning of text-spurt, is an
> indication of loss.
> > There by serving the purpose that "t140 block counter" is
> serving, namely
> > indicate "loss of one or more characters". I still do not see
> benefits of
> > introducing this counter when it appears that the same can be
> accomplished
> > by using M-bit.
>
> The M-bit cannot stand in for the T140block counter.  Even with
> significant
> congestion and the loss of 10 packets in a row, the T140block counter c=
an
> indicate loss, whereas the M-bit would have been lost 7 packets earlier.
>
> I honestly think the use of the M-bit is questionable for text.
> I can see
> some utility in voice packets *if* it were reliably delivered.
> Given that
> it can be lost, the receiver has to be prepared to function
> properly without
> it... so why bother?  Another argument we could make is that
> since there is
> no silence suppression, we should set it to zero (RFC 3551).
> Perhaps that's
> a stretch, but I largely think it's about the same... I just
> cannot see any
> utility of the market bit in the text applications.
>
> Paul
>
>
>
Gunnar



_______________________________________________
Audio/Video Transport Working Group
avt@ietf.org
https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt



From exim@www1.ietf.org  Fri May  7 10:44:59 2004
Received: from optimus.ietf.org (www.iesg.org [132.151.1.19])
	by ietf.org (8.9.1a/8.9.1a) with ESMTP id KAA27494
	for <avt-archive@odin.ietf.org>; Fri, 7 May 2004 10:44:59 -0400 (EDT)
Received: from localhost.localdomain ([127.0.0.1] helo=www1.ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BM6KQ-0006g7-MR
	for avt-archive@odin.ietf.org; Fri, 07 May 2004 10:27:55 -0400
Received: (from exim@localhost)
	by www1.ietf.org (8.12.8/8.12.8/Submit) id i47ERsX6025658
	for avt-archive@odin.ietf.org; Fri, 7 May 2004 10:27:54 -0400
Received: from localhost.localdomain ([127.0.0.1] helo=www1.ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BM5vV-0000nx-HT; Fri, 07 May 2004 10:02:09 -0400
Received: from odin.ietf.org ([132.151.1.176] helo=ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BM0fr-0000FS-EV
	for avt@optimus.ietf.org; Fri, 07 May 2004 04:25:41 -0400
Received: from ietf-mx (ietf-mx.ietf.org [132.151.6.1])
	by ietf.org (8.9.1a/8.9.1a) with ESMTP id EAA08002
	for <avt@ietf.org>; Fri, 7 May 2004 04:25:36 -0400 (EDT)
Received: from ietf-mx.ietf.org ([132.151.6.1] helo=ietf-mx)
	by ietf-mx with esmtp (Exim 4.32)
	id 1BM0fo-00009y-L8
	for avt@ietf.org; Fri, 07 May 2004 04:25:36 -0400
Received: from exim by ietf-mx with spam-scanned (Exim 4.12)
	id 1BM0et-0007Wa-00
	for avt@ietf.org; Fri, 07 May 2004 04:24:40 -0400
Received: from dundee.dcs.gla.ac.uk ([130.209.242.163])
	by ietf-mx with esmtp (Exim 4.12)
	id 1BM0dw-0006er-00
	for avt@ietf.org; Fri, 07 May 2004 04:23:40 -0400
Received: from csperkins-dsl.demon.co.uk ([80.176.225.173]:63111 helo=[192.168.0.3])
	by dundee.dcs.gla.ac.uk with asmtp (TLSv1:RC4-MD5:128)
	(Exim 4.04)
	id 1BM0dS-00005y-00; Fri, 07 May 2004 09:23:10 +0100
From: Colin Perkins <csp@csperkins.org>
Organization: http://csperkins.org
To: avt@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [AVT] I-D ACTION:draft-ietf-avt-rtp-h264-05.txt
Date: Fri, 7 May 2004 09:23:11 +0100
User-Agent: KMail/1.6.2
Cc: Dave Singer <singer@apple.com>, Stephan Wenger <stewe@stewe.org>,
        Magnus Westerlund <magnus.westerlund@ericsson.com>
References: <OF440DFE48.A3490584-ONC1256E83.0028BFEC-C1256E83.00403EE3@diamond.philip s.com> <200405060955.38261.csp@csperkins.org> <p06020403bcc013c9da16@[17.219.157.83]>
In-Reply-To: <p06020403bcc013c9da16@[17.219.157.83]>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Disposition: inline
Content-Type: text/plain;
  charset="iso-8859-1"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Message-Id: <200405070923.11253.csp@csperkins.org>
X-Spam-Checker-Version: SpamAssassin 2.60 (1.212-2003-09-23-exp) on 
	ietf-mx.ietf.org
X-Spam-Status: No, hits=0.0 required=5.0 tests=AWL autolearn=no version=2.60
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Sender: avt-admin@ietf.org
Errors-To: avt-admin@ietf.org
X-BeenThere: avt@ietf.org
X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.12
Precedence: bulk
List-Unsubscribe: <https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt>,
	<mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=unsubscribe>
List-Id: Audio/Video Transport Working Group <avt.ietf.org>
List-Post: <mailto:avt@ietf.org>
List-Help: <mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=help>
List-Subscribe: <https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt>,
	<mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=subscribe>
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit

On Thursday 06 May 2004 17:13, Dave Singer wrote:
> >  > >- In the encoding considerations for the MIME type, may wish to
> >  > > note
> >>  >
> >>  > that file formats are defined elsewhere?
> >>
> >>  The problem here is that all file formats are still in their
> >>  specification phase -- we can't reference them (yet).  And what good
> >>  would a simple "elsewhere" do?
> >
> >Questions about the lack of a file format have been raised during IESG
> >review of other RTP payload formats. Noting that the formats are being
> >defined elsewhere will avoid the question later.
>
> Then perhaps it is appropriate to say a little more.
>
> MPEG has defined the storage of AVC/H.264 content in ISO-family
> files, and that specification is published.  It's not expected to be
> used standalone, of course, as video is rarely found standalone
> (usually with audio).  So this does define the storage of AVC in MP4,
> 3GP, 3GP2 and so on.  RTP packetization of this format shouldn't be
> excessively problematic, as it stores whole NAL Units in the same
> form as the RTP payload, and hint tracks can also be used if
> appropriate to pre-compute packetization.
>
> The packing of AVC/H.264 into MPEG-2 transport streams is also
> defined, so it is also possible to encounter MPEG-2
> transport-streams-frozen-on-disk which contain H.264.  The RTP
> packetization of those would involve changing the NAL Units from
> start-code to length-fields, and I expect other operations.
>
> Would text like this help?

I wouldn't go into too much detail, but certainly mentioning these points 
is worthwhile.

-- 
Colin Perkins
http://csperkins.org/

_______________________________________________
Audio/Video Transport Working Group
avt@ietf.org
https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt



From exim@www1.ietf.org  Sun May  9 05:14:46 2004
Received: from optimus.ietf.org (iesg.org [132.151.1.19])
	by ietf.org (8.9.1a/8.9.1a) with ESMTP id FAA24446
	for <avt-archive@odin.ietf.org>; Sun, 9 May 2004 05:14:46 -0400 (EDT)
Received: from localhost.localdomain ([127.0.0.1] helo=www1.ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BMkKT-0008Sq-VL
	for avt-archive@odin.ietf.org; Sun, 09 May 2004 05:10:40 -0400
Received: (from exim@localhost)
	by www1.ietf.org (8.12.8/8.12.8/Submit) id i499Abqv032487
	for avt-archive@odin.ietf.org; Sun, 9 May 2004 05:10:37 -0400
Received: from localhost.localdomain ([127.0.0.1] helo=www1.ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BMkGz-0007kc-GT; Sun, 09 May 2004 05:07:01 -0400
Received: from odin.ietf.org ([132.151.1.176] helo=ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BMkFh-0007eL-MG
	for avt@optimus.ietf.org; Sun, 09 May 2004 05:05:41 -0400
Received: from ietf-mx (ietf-mx.ietf.org [132.151.6.1])
	by ietf.org (8.9.1a/8.9.1a) with ESMTP id FAA24265
	for <avt@ietf.org>; Sun, 9 May 2004 05:05:38 -0400 (EDT)
Received: from ietf-mx.ietf.org ([132.151.6.1] helo=ietf-mx)
	by ietf-mx with esmtp (Exim 4.32)
	id 1BMkFe-00017u-Fp
	for avt@ietf.org; Sun, 09 May 2004 05:05:38 -0400
Received: from exim by ietf-mx with spam-scanned (Exim 4.12)
	id 1BMkEa-0000n1-00
	for avt@ietf.org; Sun, 09 May 2004 05:04:33 -0400
Received: from web61301.mail.yahoo.com ([216.155.196.144])
	by ietf-mx with smtp (Exim 4.12)
	id 1BMkDh-00005N-00
	for avt@ietf.org; Sun, 09 May 2004 05:03:37 -0400
Message-ID: <20040509090309.89685.qmail@web61301.mail.yahoo.com>
Received: from [80.74.106.2] by web61301.mail.yahoo.com via HTTP; Sun, 09 May 2004 02:03:09 PDT
Date: Sun, 9 May 2004 02:03:09 -0700 (PDT)
From: tal shahar <morgentuo@yahoo.com>
Subject: [AVT] RFC 3711 - questions about cryptographic context 
To: avt@ietf.org, srtp-users@lists.sourceforge.net
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: multipart/alternative; boundary="0-621725972-1084093389=:89669"
X-Spam-Checker-Version: SpamAssassin 2.60 (1.212-2003-09-23-exp) on 
	ietf-mx.ietf.org
X-Spam-Status: No, hits=0.5 required=5.0 tests=HTML_20_30,HTML_MESSAGE 
	autolearn=no version=2.60
Sender: avt-admin@ietf.org
Errors-To: avt-admin@ietf.org
X-BeenThere: avt@ietf.org
X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.12
Precedence: bulk
List-Unsubscribe: <https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt>,
	<mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=unsubscribe>
List-Id: Audio/Video Transport Working Group <avt.ietf.org>
List-Post: <mailto:avt@ietf.org>
List-Help: <mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=help>
List-Subscribe: <https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt>,
	<mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=subscribe>

--0-621725972-1084093389=:89669
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii

hi 
in 3.2.1.  Transform-independent parameters
1. the RFC states that the cryptographic context should hold the the master key(s)
assuming I wish to have SRTP and SRTCP sharing the same master key, what is the situation where I have more than one key
2. if I have only one master key, why do I need to hold the MKI
 
thanks a lot
tal

		
---------------------------------
Do you Yahoo!?
Win a $20,000 Career Makeover at Yahoo! HotJobs 
--0-621725972-1084093389=:89669
Content-Type: text/html; charset=us-ascii

<DIV>hi </DIV>
<DIV>in 3.2.1.&nbsp; Transform-independent parameters</DIV>
<DIV>1. the RFC states that the cryptographic context should hold the the master key(s)</DIV>
<DIV>assuming I wish to have SRTP and SRTCP sharing the same master key, what is the situation where I have more than one key</DIV>
<DIV>2. if I have only one master key, why do I need to hold the MKI</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>thanks a lot</DIV>
<DIV>tal</DIV><p>
		<hr size=1><font face=arial size=-1>Do you Yahoo!?<br><a href="http://pa.yahoo.com/*http://us.rd.yahoo.com/hotjobs/hotjobs_mail_signature_footer_textlink/evt=23983/*http://hotjobs.sweepstakes.yahoo.com/careermakeover">Win a $20,000 Career Makeover at Yahoo! HotJobs </a>
--0-621725972-1084093389=:89669--

_______________________________________________
Audio/Video Transport Working Group
avt@ietf.org
https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt



From exim@www1.ietf.org  Sun May  9 05:39:46 2004
Received: from optimus.ietf.org (www.iesg.org [132.151.1.19])
	by ietf.org (8.9.1a/8.9.1a) with ESMTP id FAA25377
	for <avt-archive@odin.ietf.org>; Sun, 9 May 2004 05:39:46 -0400 (EDT)
Received: from localhost.localdomain ([127.0.0.1] helo=www1.ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BMklI-0002cp-KN
	for avt-archive@odin.ietf.org; Sun, 09 May 2004 05:38:20 -0400
Received: (from exim@localhost)
	by www1.ietf.org (8.12.8/8.12.8/Submit) id i499cK8W010043
	for avt-archive@odin.ietf.org; Sun, 9 May 2004 05:38:20 -0400
Received: from localhost.localdomain ([127.0.0.1] helo=www1.ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BMkj2-000203-L5; Sun, 09 May 2004 05:36:00 -0400
Received: from odin.ietf.org ([132.151.1.176] helo=ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BM4hZ-0001EN-21
	for avt@optimus.ietf.org; Fri, 07 May 2004 08:43:41 -0400
Received: from ietf-mx (ietf-mx.ietf.org [132.151.6.1])
	by ietf.org (8.9.1a/8.9.1a) with ESMTP id IAA18758
	for <avt@ietf.org>; Fri, 7 May 2004 08:43:38 -0400 (EDT)
Received: from ietf-mx.ietf.org ([132.151.6.1] helo=ietf-mx)
	by ietf-mx with esmtp (Exim 4.32)
	id 1BM4hX-0005Yq-Ki
	for avt@ietf.org; Fri, 07 May 2004 08:43:39 -0400
Received: from exim by ietf-mx with spam-scanned (Exim 4.12)
	id 1BM4gb-00059V-00
	for avt@ietf.org; Fri, 07 May 2004 08:42:42 -0400
Received: from csmail.ucc.ie ([143.239.211.231] ident=root)
	by ietf-mx with esmtp (Exim 4.12)
	id 1BM4fS-0004N7-00
	for avt@ietf.org; Fri, 07 May 2004 08:41:30 -0400
Received: from cs.ucc.ie (sapelo.ucc.ie [143.239.201.197])
	by csmail.ucc.ie (8.12.10/8.12.10) with ESMTP id i47CfTMe000596
	for <avt@ietf.org>; Fri, 7 May 2004 13:41:29 +0100
Message-ID: <409B83FA.9040709@cs.ucc.ie>
Date: Fri, 07 May 2004 13:41:30 +0100
From: "Cormac J. Sreenan" <cjs@cs.ucc.ie>
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.0; en-US; rv:1.4) Gecko/20030624
X-Accept-Language: en-us, en
MIME-Version: 1.0
To: avt@ietf.org
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii; format=flowed
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
X-Spam-Checker-Version: SpamAssassin 2.60 (1.212-2003-09-23-exp) on 
	ietf-mx.ietf.org
X-Spam-Status: No, hits=0.0 required=5.0 tests=AWL autolearn=no version=2.60
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Subject: [AVT] final call for particpation - ACM NOSSDAV
Sender: avt-admin@ietf.org
Errors-To: avt-admin@ietf.org
X-BeenThere: avt@ietf.org
X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.12
Precedence: bulk
List-Unsubscribe: <https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt>,
	<mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=unsubscribe>
List-Id: Audio/Video Transport Working Group <avt.ietf.org>
List-Post: <mailto:avt@ietf.org>
List-Help: <mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=help>
List-Subscribe: <https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt>,
	<mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=subscribe>
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit

Early Registration Deadline May 17

**Low Early Registration Fees** (include meals and full social program):
Student US$150
ACM Member US$295
Non-ACM Member US$350

The 14th ACM International Workshop on Network and Operating Systems
Support for Digital Audio and Video
--- June 16-18, 2004
--- Kinsale, County Cork, IRELAND

Keynote by Dr. Bill Weihl, CTO Akamai - "Beyond Content Delivery: 
Applications
to the Edge"

Panel moderated by Prof. Hui Zhang, Carnegie Mellon University

Session topics - Streaming, Overlay Networking, Wireless & Mobility, 
Congestion
Control & Scheduling, Systems, Games

http://www.nossdav.org/2004



_______________________________________________
Audio/Video Transport Working Group
avt@ietf.org
https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt



From exim@www1.ietf.org  Sun May  9 06:39:06 2004
Received: from optimus.ietf.org (www.iesg.org [132.151.1.19])
	by ietf.org (8.9.1a/8.9.1a) with ESMTP id GAA27442
	for <avt-archive@odin.ietf.org>; Sun, 9 May 2004 06:39:06 -0400 (EDT)
Received: from localhost.localdomain ([127.0.0.1] helo=www1.ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BMlgT-0000WX-Cw
	for avt-archive@odin.ietf.org; Sun, 09 May 2004 06:37:25 -0400
Received: (from exim@localhost)
	by www1.ietf.org (8.12.8/8.12.8/Submit) id i49AbPxf002009
	for avt-archive@odin.ietf.org; Sun, 9 May 2004 06:37:25 -0400
Received: from localhost.localdomain ([127.0.0.1] helo=www1.ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BMleB-0008PQ-Hb; Sun, 09 May 2004 06:35:03 -0400
Received: from odin.ietf.org ([132.151.1.176] helo=ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BMla4-00088d-20
	for avt@optimus.ietf.org; Sun, 09 May 2004 06:30:50 -0400
Received: from ietf-mx (ietf-mx.ietf.org [132.151.6.1])
	by ietf.org (8.9.1a/8.9.1a) with ESMTP id GAA27046
	for <avt@ietf.org>; Sun, 9 May 2004 06:30:44 -0400 (EDT)
Received: from ietf-mx.ietf.org ([132.151.6.1] helo=ietf-mx)
	by ietf-mx with esmtp (Exim 4.32)
	id 1BMla0-0007C0-0D
	for avt@ietf.org; Sun, 09 May 2004 06:30:44 -0400
Received: from exim by ietf-mx with spam-scanned (Exim 4.12)
	id 1BMlZ1-0006qy-00
	for avt@ietf.org; Sun, 09 May 2004 06:29:44 -0400
Received: from [80.74.106.125] (helo=rvil-mail.RADVISION.com)
	by ietf-mx with esmtp (Exim 4.12)
	id 1BMlYE-0006BM-00
	for avt@ietf.org; Sun, 09 May 2004 06:28:54 -0400
X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft Exchange V6.0.6487.1
content-class: urn:content-classes:message
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: multipart/alternative;
	boundary="----_=_NextPart_001_01C435B0.A7C9D1A4"
Subject: RE: [AVT] RFC 3711 - questions about cryptographic context 
Date: Sun, 9 May 2004 13:30:31 +0300
Message-ID: <D44BDA2CDAC4664B8DFE8ECF523CFEE32C10D8@rvil-mail.radvision.com>
Thread-Topic: [AVT] RFC 3711 - questions about cryptographic context 
Thread-Index: AcQ1pb4xpm6DShAXS6GXGce8R8DotgACr1wg
From: "Ofer Goren" <oferg@radvision.com>
To: <avt@ietf.org>, <srtp-users@lists.sourceforge.net>
X-Spam-Checker-Version: SpamAssassin 2.60 (1.212-2003-09-23-exp) on 
	ietf-mx.ietf.org
X-Spam-Status: No, hits=0.3 required=5.0 tests=AWL,HTML_40_50,
	HTML_FONTCOLOR_BLUE,HTML_MESSAGE autolearn=no version=2.60
Sender: avt-admin@ietf.org
Errors-To: avt-admin@ietf.org
X-BeenThere: avt@ietf.org
X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.12
Precedence: bulk
List-Unsubscribe: <https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt>,
	<mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=unsubscribe>
List-Id: Audio/Video Transport Working Group <avt.ietf.org>
List-Post: <mailto:avt@ietf.org>
List-Help: <mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=help>
List-Subscribe: <https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt>,
	<mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=subscribe>

This is a multi-part message in MIME format.

------_=_NextPart_001_01C435B0.A7C9D1A4
Content-Type: text/plain;
	charset="iso-8859-1"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable

Hi.
=20
If I may add one question to those, why do I need to hold number of =
master keys, rather then one? What could be the situation requiring =
this?
=20
Thanks,
=20
Ofer

-----Original Message-----
From: avt-admin@ietf.org [mailto:avt-admin@ietf.org]On Behalf Of tal =
shahar
Sent: Sunday, May 09, 2004 12:03 PM
To: avt@ietf.org; srtp-users@lists.sourceforge.net
Subject: [AVT] RFC 3711 - questions about cryptographic context=20


hi=20
in 3.2.1.  Transform-independent parameters
1. the RFC states that the cryptographic context should hold the the =
master key(s)
assuming I wish to have SRTP and SRTCP sharing the same master key, what =
is the situation where I have more than one key
2. if I have only one master key, why do I need to hold the MKI
=20
thanks a lot
tal



  _____ =20

Do you Yahoo!?
Win  =
<http://pa.yahoo.com/*http://us.rd.yahoo.com/hotjobs/hotjobs_mail_signatu=
re_footer_textlink/evt=3D23983/*http://hotjobs.sweepstakes.yahoo.com/care=
ermakeover> a $20,000 Career Makeover at Yahoo! HotJobs=20


------_=_NextPart_001_01C435B0.A7C9D1A4
Content-Type: text/html;
	charset="iso-8859-1"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable

<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN">
<HTML><HEAD>
<META HTTP-EQUIV=3D"Content-Type" CONTENT=3D"text/html; =
charset=3Diso-8859-1">


<META content=3D"MSHTML 6.00.2800.1400" name=3DGENERATOR></HEAD>
<BODY>
<DIV><FONT face=3DArial color=3D#0000ff size=3D2><SPAN=20
class=3D816172910-09052004>Hi.</SPAN></FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3DArial color=3D#0000ff size=3D2><SPAN=20
class=3D816172910-09052004></SPAN></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3DArial color=3D#0000ff size=3D2><SPAN =
class=3D816172910-09052004>If I=20
may add one question to those, why do I need to hold number of master =
keys,=20
rather then one? What could be the situation requiring =
this?</SPAN></FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3DArial color=3D#0000ff size=3D2><SPAN=20
class=3D816172910-09052004></SPAN></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3DArial color=3D#0000ff size=3D2><SPAN=20
class=3D816172910-09052004>Thanks,</SPAN></FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3DArial color=3D#0000ff size=3D2><SPAN=20
class=3D816172910-09052004></SPAN></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3DArial color=3D#0000ff size=3D2><SPAN=20
class=3D816172910-09052004>Ofer</SPAN></FONT></DIV>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
  <DIV class=3DOutlookMessageHeader dir=3Dltr align=3Dleft><FONT =
face=3DTahoma=20
  size=3D2>-----Original Message-----<BR><B>From:</B> avt-admin@ietf.org =

  [mailto:avt-admin@ietf.org]<B>On Behalf Of </B>tal =
shahar<BR><B>Sent:</B>=20
  Sunday, May 09, 2004 12:03 PM<BR><B>To:</B> avt@ietf.org;=20
  srtp-users@lists.sourceforge.net<BR><B>Subject:</B> [AVT] RFC 3711 - =
questions=20
  about cryptographic context <BR><BR></FONT></DIV>
  <DIV>hi </DIV>
  <DIV>in 3.2.1.&nbsp; Transform-independent parameters</DIV>
  <DIV>1. the RFC states that the cryptographic context should hold the =
the=20
  master key(s)</DIV>
  <DIV>assuming I wish to have SRTP and SRTCP sharing the same master =
key, what=20
  is the situation where I have more than one key</DIV>
  <DIV>2. if I have only one master key, why do I need to hold the =
MKI</DIV>
  <DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
  <DIV>thanks a lot</DIV>
  <DIV>tal</DIV>
  <P>
  <HR SIZE=3D1>
  <FONT face=3Darial size=3D-1>Do you Yahoo!?<BR><A=20
  =
href=3D"http://pa.yahoo.com/*http://us.rd.yahoo.com/hotjobs/hotjobs_mail_=
signature_footer_textlink/evt=3D23983/*http://hotjobs.sweepstakes.yahoo.c=
om/careermakeover">Win=20
  a $20,000 Career Makeover at Yahoo! HotJobs=20
</A></FONT></BLOCKQUOTE></BODY></HTML>

------_=_NextPart_001_01C435B0.A7C9D1A4--

_______________________________________________
Audio/Video Transport Working Group
avt@ietf.org
https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt



From exim@www1.ietf.org  Mon May 10 02:30:13 2004
Received: from optimus.ietf.org (optimus.ietf.org [132.151.1.19])
	by ietf.org (8.9.1a/8.9.1a) with ESMTP id CAA11697
	for <avt-archive@odin.ietf.org>; Mon, 10 May 2004 02:30:13 -0400 (EDT)
Received: from localhost.localdomain ([127.0.0.1] helo=www1.ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BN4F6-0002aN-GN
	for avt-archive@odin.ietf.org; Mon, 10 May 2004 02:26:24 -0400
Received: (from exim@localhost)
	by www1.ietf.org (8.12.8/8.12.8/Submit) id i4A6QO9A009890
	for avt-archive@odin.ietf.org; Mon, 10 May 2004 02:26:24 -0400
Received: from localhost.localdomain ([127.0.0.1] helo=www1.ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BN4Br-0001f1-BA; Mon, 10 May 2004 02:23:03 -0400
Received: from odin.ietf.org ([132.151.1.176] helo=ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BN49N-0000wU-Rv
	for avt@optimus.ietf.org; Mon, 10 May 2004 02:20:29 -0400
Received: from ietf-mx (ietf-mx.ietf.org [132.151.6.1])
	by ietf.org (8.9.1a/8.9.1a) with ESMTP id CAA02294
	for <avt@ietf.org>; Mon, 10 May 2004 02:20:26 -0400 (EDT)
Received: from ietf-mx.ietf.org ([132.151.6.1] helo=ietf-mx)
	by ietf-mx with esmtp (Exim 4.32)
	id 1BN49K-0000aB-8G
	for avt@ietf.org; Mon, 10 May 2004 02:20:26 -0400
Received: from exim by ietf-mx with spam-scanned (Exim 4.12)
	id 1BN48S-0000Iw-00
	for avt@ietf.org; Mon, 10 May 2004 02:19:33 -0400
Received: from web61310.mail.yahoo.com ([216.155.196.153])
	by ietf-mx with smtp (Exim 4.12)
	id 1BN47q-0007nK-00
	for avt@ietf.org; Mon, 10 May 2004 02:18:54 -0400
Message-ID: <20040510061825.767.qmail@web61310.mail.yahoo.com>
Received: from [80.74.106.2] by web61310.mail.yahoo.com via HTTP; Sun, 09 May 2004 23:18:25 PDT
Date: Sun, 9 May 2004 23:18:25 -0700 (PDT)
From: tal shahar <morgentuo@yahoo.com>
Subject: Fwd: Re: [Srtp-users] [AVT] RFC 3711 - questions about cryptographic context
To: "David A. McGrew" <mcgrew@cisco.com>
Cc: avt@ietf.org, srtp-users@lists.sourceforge.net
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: multipart/alternative; boundary="0-1726078411-1084169905=:631"
X-Spam-Checker-Version: SpamAssassin 2.60 (1.212-2003-09-23-exp) on 
	ietf-mx.ietf.org
X-Spam-Status: No, hits=0.5 required=5.0 tests=AWL,HTML_40_50,HTML_MESSAGE 
	autolearn=no version=2.60
Sender: avt-admin@ietf.org
Errors-To: avt-admin@ietf.org
X-BeenThere: avt@ietf.org
X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.12
Precedence: bulk
List-Unsubscribe: <https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt>,
	<mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=unsubscribe>
List-Id: Audio/Video Transport Working Group <avt.ietf.org>
List-Post: <mailto:avt@ietf.org>
List-Help: <mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=help>
List-Subscribe: <https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt>,
	<mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=subscribe>

--0-1726078411-1084169905=:631
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii



Note: forwarded message attached.


		
---------------------------------
Do you Yahoo!?
Win a $20,000 Career Makeover at Yahoo! HotJobs 
--0-1726078411-1084169905=:631
Content-Type: text/html; charset=us-ascii

<DIV>
<DIV><BR><BR>Note: forwarded message attached.</DIV></DIV><p>
		<hr size=1><font face=arial size=-1>Do you Yahoo!?<br><a href="http://pa.yahoo.com/*http://us.rd.yahoo.com/hotjobs/hotjobs_mail_signature_footer_textlink/evt=23983/*http://hotjobs.sweepstakes.yahoo.com/careermakeover">Win a $20,000 Career Makeover at Yahoo! HotJobs </a>
--0-1726078411-1084169905=:631--

_______________________________________________
Audio/Video Transport Working Group
avt@ietf.org
https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt



From exim@www1.ietf.org  Mon May 10 04:28:25 2004
Received: from optimus.ietf.org (www.iesg.org [132.151.1.19])
	by ietf.org (8.9.1a/8.9.1a) with ESMTP id EAA16811
	for <avt-archive@odin.ietf.org>; Mon, 10 May 2004 04:28:24 -0400 (EDT)
Received: from localhost.localdomain ([127.0.0.1] helo=www1.ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BN66F-0007Qw-3i
	for avt-archive@odin.ietf.org; Mon, 10 May 2004 04:25:23 -0400
Received: (from exim@localhost)
	by www1.ietf.org (8.12.8/8.12.8/Submit) id i4A8PNCK028546
	for avt-archive@odin.ietf.org; Mon, 10 May 2004 04:25:23 -0400
Received: from localhost.localdomain ([127.0.0.1] helo=www1.ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BN5wY-0006J2-GI; Mon, 10 May 2004 04:15:22 -0400
Received: from odin.ietf.org ([132.151.1.176] helo=ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BN5AM-0001PA-S7
	for avt@optimus.ietf.org; Mon, 10 May 2004 03:25:34 -0400
Received: from ietf-mx (ietf-mx.ietf.org [132.151.6.1])
	by ietf.org (8.9.1a/8.9.1a) with ESMTP id DAA14516
	for <avt@ietf.org>; Mon, 10 May 2004 03:25:32 -0400 (EDT)
Received: from ietf-mx.ietf.org ([132.151.6.1] helo=ietf-mx)
	by ietf-mx with esmtp (Exim 4.32)
	id 1BN5AK-0004CC-Ja
	for avt@ietf.org; Mon, 10 May 2004 03:25:32 -0400
Received: from exim by ietf-mx with spam-scanned (Exim 4.12)
	id 1BN59H-0003tF-00
	for avt@ietf.org; Mon, 10 May 2004 03:24:28 -0400
Received: from web61310.mail.yahoo.com ([216.155.196.153])
	by ietf-mx with smtp (Exim 4.12)
	id 1BN58F-0003KG-00
	for avt@ietf.org; Mon, 10 May 2004 03:23:23 -0400
Message-ID: <20040510072255.15027.qmail@web61310.mail.yahoo.com>
Received: from [80.74.106.2] by web61310.mail.yahoo.com via HTTP; Mon, 10 May 2004 00:22:55 PDT
Date: Mon, 10 May 2004 00:22:55 -0700 (PDT)
From: tal shahar <morgentuo@yahoo.com>
Subject: Fwd: Re: [Srtp-users] [AVT] RFC 3711 - questions about cryptographic context
To: AVT <avt@ietf.org>, SRTP <srtp-users@lists.sourceforge.net>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: multipart/mixed; boundary="0-750518969-1084173775=:14600"
X-Spam-Checker-Version: SpamAssassin 2.60 (1.212-2003-09-23-exp) on 
	ietf-mx.ietf.org
X-Spam-Status: No, hits=0.2 required=5.0 tests=AWL,HTML_MESSAGE autolearn=no 
	version=2.60
Sender: avt-admin@ietf.org
Errors-To: avt-admin@ietf.org
X-BeenThere: avt@ietf.org
X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.12
Precedence: bulk
List-Unsubscribe: <https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt>,
	<mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=unsubscribe>
List-Id: Audio/Video Transport Working Group <avt.ietf.org>
List-Post: <mailto:avt@ietf.org>
List-Help: <mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=help>
List-Subscribe: <https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt>,
	<mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=subscribe>

--0-750518969-1084173775=:14600
Content-Type: multipart/alternative; boundary="0-1264484513-1084173775=:14600"

--0-1264484513-1084173775=:14600
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii

sorry, I missed the attachment

Note: forwarded message attached.

		
---------------------------------
Do you Yahoo!?
Win a $20,000 Career Makeover at Yahoo! HotJobs 
--0-1264484513-1084173775=:14600
Content-Type: text/html; charset=us-ascii

<DIV>sorry, I missed the attachment<BR><BR>Note: forwarded message attached.</DIV><p>
		<hr size=1><font face=arial size=-1>Do you Yahoo!?<br><a href="http://pa.yahoo.com/*http://us.rd.yahoo.com/hotjobs/hotjobs_mail_signature_footer_textlink/evt=23983/*http://hotjobs.sweepstakes.yahoo.com/careermakeover">Win a $20,000 Career Makeover at Yahoo! HotJobs </a>
--0-1264484513-1084173775=:14600--
--0-750518969-1084173775=:14600
Content-Type: message/rfc822

Received: from [80.74.106.2] by web61304.mail.yahoo.com via HTTP; Sun, 09 May 2004 07:26:00 PDT
Date: Sun, 9 May 2004 07:26:00 -0700 (PDT)
From: tal shahar <morgentuo@yahoo.com>
Subject: Re: [Srtp-users] [AVT] RFC 3711 - questions about cryptographic context
To: "David A. McGrew" <mcgrew@cisco.com>
In-Reply-To: <AFB45AE4-A1BA-11D8-8504-0003935495EC@cisco.com>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: multipart/alternative; boundary="0-901773640-1084112760=:5257"
Content-Length: 1443

--0-901773640-1084112760=:5257
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii

David hi and thanks a lot
as far as I understand, the key exchange protocol provides you with the <from, to> value.
so ,does the key exchange give you a bunch of <from, to> values and their corresponding keys.
another question, does this apply also to the MKI implementation, i.e. the key exchange provides you with a list of MKIs and their corresponding keys.
 
it is also not totally clear to me whether the sender triggers the re-keying or should it be triggered in the key exchange protocol, and the sender should just enforce it

"David A. McGrew" <mcgrew@cisco.com> wrote:
Tal,

On May 9, 2004, at 2:03 AM, tal shahar wrote:

> hi
> in 3.2.1.  Transform-independent parameters
> 1. the RFC states that the cryptographic context should hold the the 
> master key(s)
> assuming I wish to have SRTP and SRTCP sharing the same master key, 
> what is the situation where I have more than one key

if I understand right, you are wondering why the "(s)" appears in the 
quote from the RFC. This is because there might be multiple master 
keys, each of which is used for a particular range of the packet index 
(that is, the 48-bit integer that is the concatenation of the ROC and 
the sequence number). libSRTP does not support this facility, and I 
expect that the vast majority of users won't miss it.


> 2. if I have only one master key, why do I need to hold the MKI

You don't, though you might need to store the fact that you are not 
using an MKI. libSRTP does not support MKIs as of yet. I don't think 
that it would be hard to add this feature.

David

>  
> thanks a lot
> tal
>
> Do you Yahoo!?
> Win a $20,000 Career Makeover at Yahoo! HotJobs
		
---------------------------------
Do you Yahoo!?
Win a $20,000 Career Makeover at Yahoo! HotJobs 
--0-901773640-1084112760=:5257
Content-Type: text/html; charset=us-ascii

<DIV>David hi and thanks a lot</DIV>
<DIV>as far as I understand, the key exchange protocol provides you with the &lt;from, to&gt; value.</DIV>
<DIV>so ,does the key exchange give you a bunch of &lt;from, to&gt; values and their corresponding keys.</DIV>
<DIV>another question, does this apply also to the MKI implementation, i.e. the key exchange provides you with a list of MKIs and their corresponding keys.</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>it is also not totally clear to me whether the sender triggers the re-keying or should it be triggered in the key exchange protocol, and the sender should just enforce it<BR><BR><B><I>"David A. McGrew" &lt;mcgrew@cisco.com&gt;</I></B> wrote:</DIV>
<BLOCKQUOTE class=replbq style="BORDER-LEFT: #1010ff 2px solid; MARGIN-LEFT: 5px; PADDING-LEFT: 5px">Tal,<BR><BR>On May 9, 2004, at 2:03 AM, tal shahar wrote:<BR><BR>&gt; hi<BR>&gt; in 3.2.1.&nbsp; Transform-independent parameters<BR>&gt; 1. the RFC states that the cryptographic context should hold the the <BR>&gt; master key(s)<BR>&gt; assuming I wish to have SRTP and SRTCP sharing the same master key, <BR>&gt; what is the situation where I have more than one key<BR><BR>if I understand right, you are wondering why the "(s)" appears in the <BR>quote from the RFC. This is because there might be multiple master <BR>keys, each of which is used for a particular range of the packet index <BR>(that is, the 48-bit integer that is the concatenation of the ROC and <BR>the sequence number). libSRTP does not support this facility, and I <BR>expect that the vast majority of users won't miss it.<BR><BR><BR>&gt; 2. if I have only one master key, why do I need to hold the MKI<BR><BR>You do!
 n't,
 though you might need to store the fact that you are not <BR>using an MKI. libSRTP does not support MKIs as of yet. I don't think <BR>that it would be hard to add this feature.<BR><BR>David<BR><BR>&gt; &nbsp;<BR>&gt; thanks a lot<BR>&gt; tal<BR>&gt;<BR>&gt; Do you Yahoo!?<BR>&gt; Win a $20,000 Career Makeover at Yahoo! HotJobs</BLOCKQUOTE><p>
		<hr size=1><font face=arial size=-1>Do you Yahoo!?<br><a href="http://pa.yahoo.com/*http://us.rd.yahoo.com/hotjobs/hotjobs_mail_signature_footer_textlink/evt=23983/*http://hotjobs.sweepstakes.yahoo.com/careermakeover">Win a $20,000 Career Makeover at Yahoo! HotJobs </a>
--0-901773640-1084112760=:5257--

--0-750518969-1084173775=:14600--

_______________________________________________
Audio/Video Transport Working Group
avt@ietf.org
https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt



From exim@www1.ietf.org  Mon May 10 05:16:59 2004
Received: from optimus.ietf.org (iesg.org [132.151.1.19])
	by ietf.org (8.9.1a/8.9.1a) with ESMTP id FAA18782
	for <avt-archive@odin.ietf.org>; Mon, 10 May 2004 05:16:59 -0400 (EDT)
Received: from localhost.localdomain ([127.0.0.1] helo=www1.ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BN6sW-0007ke-U4
	for avt-archive@odin.ietf.org; Mon, 10 May 2004 05:15:17 -0400
Received: (from exim@localhost)
	by www1.ietf.org (8.12.8/8.12.8/Submit) id i4A9FGR0029797
	for avt-archive@odin.ietf.org; Mon, 10 May 2004 05:15:16 -0400
Received: from localhost.localdomain ([127.0.0.1] helo=www1.ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BN6oQ-00075N-9s; Mon, 10 May 2004 05:11:02 -0400
Received: from odin.ietf.org ([132.151.1.176] helo=ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BMo9j-0008D1-GF
	for avt@optimus.ietf.org; Sun, 09 May 2004 09:15:47 -0400
Received: from ietf-mx (ietf-mx.ietf.org [132.151.6.1])
	by ietf.org (8.9.1a/8.9.1a) with ESMTP id JAA02970
	for <avt@ietf.org>; Sun, 9 May 2004 09:15:45 -0400 (EDT)
Received: from ietf-mx.ietf.org ([132.151.6.1] helo=ietf-mx)
	by ietf-mx with esmtp (Exim 4.32)
	id 1BMo9h-0007Nu-Tq
	for avt@ietf.org; Sun, 09 May 2004 09:15:46 -0400
Received: from exim by ietf-mx with spam-scanned (Exim 4.12)
	id 1BMo8i-00074u-00
	for avt@ietf.org; Sun, 09 May 2004 09:14:45 -0400
Received: from sj-iport-3-in.cisco.com ([171.71.176.72] helo=sj-iport-3.cisco.com)
	by ietf-mx with esmtp (Exim 4.12)
	id 1BMo8E-0006lv-00
	for avt@ietf.org; Sun, 09 May 2004 09:14:14 -0400
Received: from sj-core-2.cisco.com (171.71.177.254)
  by sj-iport-3.cisco.com with ESMTP; 09 May 2004 05:19:12 +0000
Received: from mira-sjc5-b.cisco.com (IDENT:mirapoint@mira-sjc5-b.cisco.com [171.71.163.14])
	by sj-core-2.cisco.com (8.12.10/8.12.6) with ESMTP id i49DDgSu013660;
	Sun, 9 May 2004 06:13:42 -0700 (PDT)
Received: from [10.34.251.99] (stealth-10-34-251-99.cisco.com [10.34.251.99])
	by mira-sjc5-b.cisco.com (MOS 3.4.5-GR)
	with SMTP id ATA16116;
	Sun, 9 May 2004 06:12:54 -0700 (PDT)
In-Reply-To: <20040509090309.89685.qmail@web61301.mail.yahoo.com>
References: <20040509090309.89685.qmail@web61301.mail.yahoo.com>
Mime-Version: 1.0 (Apple Message framework v613)
Content-Type: multipart/alternative; boundary=Apple-Mail-4-574520422
Message-Id: <AFB45AE4-A1BA-11D8-8504-0003935495EC@cisco.com>
Cc: avt@ietf.org, srtp-users@lists.sourceforge.net
From: "David A. McGrew" <mcgrew@cisco.com>
Subject: Re: [Srtp-users] [AVT] RFC 3711 - questions about cryptographic context
Date: Sun, 9 May 2004 06:13:39 -0700
To: tal shahar <morgentuo@yahoo.com>
X-Mailer: Apple Mail (2.613)
X-Spam-Checker-Version: SpamAssassin 2.60 (1.212-2003-09-23-exp) on 
	ietf-mx.ietf.org
X-Spam-Status: No, hits=0.0 required=5.0 tests=AWL autolearn=no version=2.60
Sender: avt-admin@ietf.org
Errors-To: avt-admin@ietf.org
X-BeenThere: avt@ietf.org
X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.12
Precedence: bulk
List-Unsubscribe: <https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt>,
	<mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=unsubscribe>
List-Id: Audio/Video Transport Working Group <avt.ietf.org>
List-Post: <mailto:avt@ietf.org>
List-Help: <mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=help>
List-Subscribe: <https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt>,
	<mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=subscribe>


--Apple-Mail-4-574520422
Content-Type: text/plain;
	charset=ISO-8859-1;
	format=flowed
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable

Tal,

On May 9, 2004, at 2:03 AM, tal shahar wrote:

> hi
>  in 3.2.1.=A0 Transform-independent parameters
> 1. the RFC states that the cryptographic context should hold the the=20=

> master key(s)
> assuming I wish to have SRTP and SRTCP sharing the same master key,=20
> what is the situation where I have more than one key

if I understand right, you are wondering why the "(s)" appears in the=20
quote from the RFC.  This is because there might be multiple master=20
keys, each of which is used for a particular range of the packet index=20=

(that is, the 48-bit integer that is the concatenation of the ROC and=20
the sequence number).  libSRTP does not support this facility, and I=20
expect that the vast majority of users won't miss it.


> 2. if I have only one master key, why do I need to hold the MKI

You don't, though you might need to store the fact that you are not=20
using an MKI.  libSRTP does not support MKIs as of yet.  I don't think=20=

that it would be hard to add this feature.

David

> =A0
> thanks a lot
> tal
>
> Do you Yahoo!?
> Win a $20,000 Career Makeover at Yahoo! HotJobs=

--Apple-Mail-4-574520422
Content-Type: text/enriched;
	charset=ISO-8859-1
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable

Tal,


On May 9, 2004, at 2:03 AM, tal shahar wrote:


<excerpt>hi

 in 3.2.1.=A0 Transform-independent parameters

1. the RFC states that the cryptographic context should hold the the
master key(s)

assuming I wish to have SRTP and SRTCP sharing the same master key,
what is the situation where I have more than one key

</excerpt>

if I understand right, you are wondering why the "(s)" appears in the
quote from the RFC.  This is because there might be multiple master
keys, each of which is used for a particular range of the packet index
(that is, the 48-bit integer that is the concatenation of the ROC and
the sequence number).  libSRTP does not support this facility, and I
expect that the vast majority of users won't miss it.



<excerpt>2. if I have only one master key, why do I need to hold the
MKI

</excerpt>

You don't, though you might need to store the fact that you are not
using an MKI.  libSRTP does not support MKIs as of yet.  I don't think
that it would be hard to add this feature.


David


<excerpt>=A0

thanks a lot

tal


<fontfamily><param>Arial</param><smaller><x-tad-smaller>Do you =
Yahoo!?</x-tad-smaller></smaller></fontfamily></excerpt><excerpt>

=
<fontfamily><param>Arial</param><color><param>0000,0000,EEEE</param><small=
er><x-tad-smaller>Win
a $20,000 Career Makeover at Yahoo! =
HotJobs</x-tad-smaller></smaller></color></fontfamily></excerpt>=

--Apple-Mail-4-574520422--


_______________________________________________
Audio/Video Transport Working Group
avt@ietf.org
https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt



From exim@www1.ietf.org  Mon May 10 09:00:09 2004
Received: from optimus.ietf.org (www.iesg.org [132.151.1.19])
	by ietf.org (8.9.1a/8.9.1a) with ESMTP id JAA01330
	for <avt-archive@odin.ietf.org>; Mon, 10 May 2004 09:00:09 -0400 (EDT)
Received: from localhost.localdomain ([127.0.0.1] helo=www1.ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BNAJU-0003vm-Cd
	for avt-archive@odin.ietf.org; Mon, 10 May 2004 08:55:21 -0400
Received: (from exim@localhost)
	by www1.ietf.org (8.12.8/8.12.8/Submit) id i4ACtKtR015086
	for avt-archive@odin.ietf.org; Mon, 10 May 2004 08:55:20 -0400
Received: from localhost.localdomain ([127.0.0.1] helo=www1.ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BNAAh-0002Hk-0M; Mon, 10 May 2004 08:46:15 -0400
Received: from odin.ietf.org ([132.151.1.176] helo=ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BNA1V-0007IM-5q
	for avt@optimus.ietf.org; Mon, 10 May 2004 08:36:45 -0400
Received: from ietf-mx (ietf-mx.ietf.org [132.151.6.1])
	by ietf.org (8.9.1a/8.9.1a) with ESMTP id IAA29470
	for <avt@ietf.org>; Mon, 10 May 2004 08:36:42 -0400 (EDT)
Received: from ietf-mx.ietf.org ([132.151.6.1] helo=ietf-mx)
	by ietf-mx with esmtp (Exim 4.32)
	id 1BNA1T-0007Y9-VX
	for avt@ietf.org; Mon, 10 May 2004 08:36:44 -0400
Received: from exim by ietf-mx with spam-scanned (Exim 4.12)
	id 1BNA0V-0007FS-00
	for avt@ietf.org; Mon, 10 May 2004 08:35:43 -0400
Received: from [194.162.191.15] (helo=MailRelay.PEL.Panasonic.de)
	by ietf-mx with esmtp (Exim 4.12)
	id 1BN9za-0006wv-00
	for avt@ietf.org; Mon, 10 May 2004 08:34:46 -0400
Received: from localhost ([127.0.0.1])
	by MailRelay.PEL.Panasonic.de;
	Mon, 10 May 2004 14:36:38 +0200
Received: from MCOMREYJ ([10.10.100.173]) by mail.pel.panasonic.de with Microsoft SMTPSVC(5.0.2195.6713);
	 Mon, 10 May 2004 14:29:34 +0200
From: "Jose Rey" <rey@panasonic.de>
To: <avt@ietf.org>
Cc: "Dave Singer" <singer@apple.com>,
        "Jan van der Meer" <jan.vandermeer@philips.com>,
        "Magnus Westerlund" <magnus.westerlund@era.ericsson.se>,
        "Colin Perkins" <csp@csperkins.org>,
        "Per Frojdh" <per.frojdh@ericsson.com>,
        "Rolf Hakenberg" <hakenberg@panasonic.de>
Date: Mon, 10 May 2004 14:31:36 +0200
Message-ID: <FDEEJECAGFFPBFPHMIIPCEMOHMAA.rey@panasonic.de>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain;
	charset="iso-8859-1"
X-Priority: 3 (Normal)
X-MSMail-Priority: Normal
X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook IMO, Build 9.0.6604 (9.0.2911.0)
Importance: Normal
X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V5.50.4927.1200
X-OriginalArrivalTime: 10 May 2004 12:29:34.0609 (UTC) FILETIME=[739A3810:01C4368A]
X-Spam-Checker-Version: SpamAssassin 2.60 (1.212-2003-09-23-exp) on 
	ietf-mx.ietf.org
X-Spam-Status: No, hits=0.1 required=5.0 tests=AWL autolearn=no version=2.60
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
X-MIME-Autoconverted: from 8bit to quoted-printable by ietf.org id IAA29471
Subject: [AVT] FW: draft-ietf-avt-rtp-3gpp-timed-text-01.txt
Sender: avt-admin@ietf.org
Errors-To: avt-admin@ietf.org
X-BeenThere: avt@ietf.org
X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.12
Precedence: bulk
List-Unsubscribe: <https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt>,
	<mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=unsubscribe>
List-Id: Audio/Video Transport Working Group <avt.ietf.org>
List-Post: <mailto:avt@ietf.org>
List-Help: <mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=help>
List-Subscribe: <https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt>,
	<mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=subscribe>
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable


Hi all,

I just submitted an update of the 3GPP Timed Text draft. I made the wordi=
ng
more clear in some places compared to version -00.

Please send comments on this draft as soon as you can, so that we can mee=
t
the 3GPP Release 6 deadline in September.

Thanks,

Jos=E9

PS: as usual you can get a copy at
http://www.pel.panasonic.de/ietf/docs/draft-ietf-avt-rtp-3gpp-timed-text-=
01.
txt



> -----Original Message-----
> From: Jose Rey [mailto:rey@panasonic.de]
> Sent: Monday, May 10, 2004 2:17 PM
> To: IETF I-D Submission
> Subject: draft-ietf-avt-rtp-3gpp-timed-text-01.txt
>
>
>
>  Dear I-D editors,
>
>  this is to submit the following Internet Draft for continued
>  discussion in the AVT Working Group:
>
>       Title:     RTP Payload Format for 3GPP Timed Text
>       Authors:   J. Rey & Y. Matsui
>       Date:      May 10, 2004
>       File name: draft-ietf-avt-rtp-3gpp-timed-text-01.txt
>
>
>  cheers,
>
>  Jos=E9



_______________________________________________
Audio/Video Transport Working Group
avt@ietf.org
https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt



From exim@www1.ietf.org  Mon May 10 15:00:05 2004
Received: from optimus.ietf.org (www.iesg.org [132.151.1.19])
	by ietf.org (8.9.1a/8.9.1a) with ESMTP id PAA24697
	for <avt-archive@odin.ietf.org>; Mon, 10 May 2004 15:00:05 -0400 (EDT)
Received: from localhost.localdomain ([127.0.0.1] helo=www1.ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BNFvx-00028b-3V
	for avt-archive@odin.ietf.org; Mon, 10 May 2004 14:55:26 -0400
Received: (from exim@localhost)
	by www1.ietf.org (8.12.8/8.12.8/Submit) id i4AItPSe008193
	for avt-archive@odin.ietf.org; Mon, 10 May 2004 14:55:25 -0400
Received: from localhost.localdomain ([127.0.0.1] helo=www1.ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BNFkz-0000g2-8d; Mon, 10 May 2004 14:44:05 -0400
Received: from odin.ietf.org ([132.151.1.176] helo=ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BNFjA-0000A1-Eh
	for avt@optimus.ietf.org; Mon, 10 May 2004 14:42:14 -0400
Received: from ietf-mx (ietf-mx.ietf.org [132.151.6.1])
	by ietf.org (8.9.1a/8.9.1a) with ESMTP id OAA23439
	for <avt@ietf.org>; Mon, 10 May 2004 14:42:08 -0400 (EDT)
Received: from ietf-mx.ietf.org ([132.151.6.1] helo=ietf-mx)
	by ietf-mx with esmtp (Exim 4.32)
	id 1BNFj7-0001Nf-MZ
	for avt@ietf.org; Mon, 10 May 2004 14:42:09 -0400
Received: from exim by ietf-mx with spam-scanned (Exim 4.12)
	id 1BNFiN-00012Q-00
	for avt@ietf.org; Mon, 10 May 2004 14:41:24 -0400
Received: from go4.ext.ti.com ([192.91.75.132])
	by ietf-mx with esmtp (Exim 4.12)
	id 1BNFhU-0000WO-00
	for avt@ietf.org; Mon, 10 May 2004 14:40:28 -0400
Received: from dlep91.itg.ti.com ([157.170.152.55])
	by go4.ext.ti.com (8.12.11/8.12.11) with ESMTP id i4AIdqf2002989;
	Mon, 10 May 2004 13:39:52 -0500 (CDT)
Received: from tnint11.telogy.design.ti.com (localhost [127.0.0.1])
	by dlep91.itg.ti.com (8.12.11/8.12.11) with ESMTP id i4AIdpF3014320;
	Mon, 10 May 2004 13:39:51 -0500 (CDT)
Received: by tnint11.telogy.design.ti.com with Internet Mail Service (5.5.2653.19)
	id <K2W3NSB4>; Mon, 10 May 2004 14:39:24 -0400
Message-ID: <09DD40ABD88ACF4CB0D3CD84BB95296001B458@tnint11.telogy.design.ti.com>
From: "Mundra, Satish" <smundra@telogy.com>
To: "'Paul E. Jones'" <paulej@packetizer.com>, avt@ietf.org
Cc: tamura@toda.ricoh.co.jp
Subject: RE: [AVT] Re: draft-jones-avt-audio-t38-04.txt
Date: Mon, 10 May 2004 14:39:15 -0400
MIME-Version: 1.0
X-Mailer: Internet Mail Service (5.5.2653.19)
Content-Type: text/plain
X-Spam-Checker-Version: SpamAssassin 2.60 (1.212-2003-09-23-exp) on 
	ietf-mx.ietf.org
X-Spam-Status: No, hits=0.0 required=5.0 tests=none autolearn=no version=2.60
Sender: avt-admin@ietf.org
Errors-To: avt-admin@ietf.org
X-BeenThere: avt@ietf.org
X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.12
Precedence: bulk
List-Unsubscribe: <https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt>,
	<mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=unsubscribe>
List-Id: Audio/Video Transport Working Group <avt.ietf.org>
List-Post: <mailto:avt@ietf.org>
List-Help: <mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=help>
List-Subscribe: <https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt>,
	<mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=subscribe>

Paul,

I have reviewed the draft and have following minor observation.

1. There is minor typo in section 3 (paragraph) abbreviates "Secure RTP" as
RSTP 
   instead of SRTP. 

2. IMO, reference [5]-RFC3711 should be informative and [11]-RFC3551
probably is normative.

Regards,


Satish Mundra


> -----Original Message-----
> From: Paul E. Jones [mailto:paulej@packetizer.com] 
> Sent: Thursday, May 06, 2004 10:42 PM
> To: Paul E. Jones; avt@ietf.org
> Cc: tamura@toda.ricoh.co.jp
> Subject: [AVT] Re: draft-jones-avt-audio-t38-04.txt
> 
> 
> Folks,
> 
> This is just a follow-up message to the one I posted on March 
> 30 regarding the most recent I-D for registering the 
> audio/t38 MIME type.  Would somebody be interested to review 
> this to see if there are any issues?  The previous draft 
> (-03) was under IESG review, but I requested that we postpone 
> that review, as Tamura-san and I made a number of changes to 
> the document.  In particular, this document introduces a 
> number of parameters that were defined in T.38 Amendment 2.
> 
> I look forward to your feedback.
> 
> Thanks,
> Paul
> 
> 
> _______________________________________________
> Audio/Video Transport Working Group
> avt@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt
> 

_______________________________________________
Audio/Video Transport Working Group
avt@ietf.org
https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt



From exim@www1.ietf.org  Mon May 10 18:55:50 2004
Received: from optimus.ietf.org (iesg.org [132.151.1.19])
	by ietf.org (8.9.1a/8.9.1a) with ESMTP id SAA14567
	for <avt-archive@odin.ietf.org>; Mon, 10 May 2004 18:55:50 -0400 (EDT)
Received: from localhost.localdomain ([127.0.0.1] helo=www1.ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BNJbs-0000LD-GV
	for avt-archive@odin.ietf.org; Mon, 10 May 2004 18:50:57 -0400
Received: (from exim@localhost)
	by www1.ietf.org (8.12.8/8.12.8/Submit) id i4AMouZ5001311
	for avt-archive@odin.ietf.org; Mon, 10 May 2004 18:50:56 -0400
Received: from localhost.localdomain ([127.0.0.1] helo=www1.ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BNJQb-0006mM-0M; Mon, 10 May 2004 18:39:17 -0400
Received: from odin.ietf.org ([132.151.1.176] helo=ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BNJHl-00046q-I3
	for avt@optimus.ietf.org; Mon, 10 May 2004 18:30:09 -0400
Received: from ietf-mx (ietf-mx.ietf.org [132.151.6.1])
	by ietf.org (8.9.1a/8.9.1a) with ESMTP id SAA12396
	for <avt@ietf.org>; Mon, 10 May 2004 18:30:04 -0400 (EDT)
Received: from ietf-mx.ietf.org ([132.151.6.1] helo=ietf-mx)
	by ietf-mx with esmtp (Exim 4.32)
	id 1BNJHi-0004Ob-Ec
	for avt@ietf.org; Mon, 10 May 2004 18:30:06 -0400
Received: from exim by ietf-mx with spam-scanned (Exim 4.12)
	id 1BNJGl-00045C-00
	for avt@ietf.org; Mon, 10 May 2004 18:29:09 -0400
Received: from go4.ext.ti.com ([192.91.75.132])
	by ietf-mx with esmtp (Exim 4.12)
	id 1BNJG6-0003S9-00
	for avt@ietf.org; Mon, 10 May 2004 18:28:26 -0400
Received: from dlep91.itg.ti.com ([157.170.152.55])
	by go4.ext.ti.com (8.12.11/8.12.11) with ESMTP id i4AMRoRN028085;
	Mon, 10 May 2004 17:27:50 -0500 (CDT)
Received: from tnint11.telogy.design.ti.com (localhost [127.0.0.1])
	by dlep91.itg.ti.com (8.12.11/8.12.11) with ESMTP id i4AMRn0p022492;
	Mon, 10 May 2004 17:27:50 -0500 (CDT)
Received: by tnint11.telogy.design.ti.com with Internet Mail Service (5.5.2653.19)
	id <K2W3NS0R>; Mon, 10 May 2004 18:27:22 -0400
Message-ID: <09DD40ABD88ACF4CB0D3CD84BB95296001B45D@tnint11.telogy.design.ti.com>
From: "Mundra, Satish" <smundra@telogy.com>
To: "'Gunnar Hellstrom'" <gunnar.hellstrom@omnitor.se>,
        "Paul E. Jones"
	 <paulej@packetizer.com>, avt IETF <avt@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [avt]  Comments/questions on draft-ietf-avt-rfc2793bis-03/04
Date: Mon, 10 May 2004 18:27:20 -0400
MIME-Version: 1.0
X-Mailer: Internet Mail Service (5.5.2653.19)
Content-Type: text/plain;
	charset="iso-8859-1"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
X-Spam-Checker-Version: SpamAssassin 2.60 (1.212-2003-09-23-exp) on 
	ietf-mx.ietf.org
X-Spam-Status: No, hits=0.0 required=5.0 tests=none autolearn=no version=2.60
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
Sender: avt-admin@ietf.org
Errors-To: avt-admin@ietf.org
X-BeenThere: avt@ietf.org
X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.12
Precedence: bulk
List-Unsubscribe: <https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt>,
	<mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=unsubscribe>
List-Id: Audio/Video Transport Working Group <avt.ietf.org>
List-Post: <mailto:avt@ietf.org>
List-Help: <mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=help>
List-Subscribe: <https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt>,
	<mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=subscribe>
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable

Gunnar/Paul,

See one more comment inline...
I think that comments/question can be revisited after basic issue with=20
the use of Mbit and t140block counter is concluded. Many other =
questions may
become
irrelevant then.

Regards,

Satish Mundra


> -----Original Message-----
> From: Gunnar Hellstrom [mailto:gunnar.hellstrom@omnitor.se]=20
> Sent: Friday, May 07, 2004 1:19 AM
> To: Paul E. Jones; Mundra, Satish; avt IETF
> Subject: RE: [avt] Comments/questions on=20
> draft-ietf-avt-rfc2793bis-03/04
>=20
>=20
> Satish,
> Further answers inline,
>=20
> Gunnar
>=20
> -------------------------------------------
> Gunnar Hellstr=F6m
> Omnitor AB
> Renathv=E4gen 2
> SE 121 37 Johanneshov
> SWEDEN
> +46 8 556 002 03
> Mob: +46 708 204 288
> www.omnitor.se
> Gunnar.Hellstrom@Omnitor.se
> --------------------------------------------
>=20
>=20
> > -----Original Message-----
> > From: Paul E. Jones [mailto:paulej@packetizer.com]
> > Sent: Thursday, May 06, 2004 11:10 PM
> > To: Mundra, Satish; 'Gunnar Hellstrom'; avt IETF
> > Subject: Re: [avt] Comments/questions on=20
> > draft-ietf-avt-rfc2793bis-03/04
> >
> >
> > Satish,
> >
> > I'll respond to some questions, but leave most to Gunnar:
> >
> > > > > 1. In section 3.2 : "The T140block counter MUST be
> > > > initialized to zero
> > > > > the first time
> > > > > that a packet containing...."
> > > > >
> > > > > Initializing this counter to zero will make it weaker against =

> > > > > encryption attacks when RTP payload is encrypted.
> > > > This is still in 3.2
> > > >
> > > > There are also other fields that are easy to derive. This is no =

> > > > worse. We want to check missing text from first character if it =

> > > > arrives. This was one feasible way to achieve that goal.
> > > >
> > >
> > > I agree that there may be other fields which are easy to
> > derive, but what
> > if
> > >
> > > implementations or standards are revised in future. Those may
> > not apply to
> > > payload where
> > > this sequence # is present. More randomization is always=20
> preferable.
> > >
> > > In any case, the text/t140 will have a random sequence number on=20
> > > very
> > first
> > > packet so the
> > > initialization to zero for audio/t140 alone, has not resolved the =

> > > same
> > issue
> > > with text/t140.
> >
> > You have a good point about not being able to detect the loss of an =

> > initial character in text/t140.  I believe that is right.
> >
> > I'm less concerned with being able to use information about part of =

> > the contents of a particular packet.  It might make it=20
> vulnerable to=20
> > attack, but it also shows a weakness in the encryption that=20
> is used. =20
> > With many codecs,
> > some of the bits within the payload have a value that is=20
> known or can be
> > guessed.  I suppose the T140block counter offers the largest
> > number of such
> > bits.
> >
> > I don't have an incredibly strong feeling one way or the=20
> other.  But,=20
> > I would like suggestions on how to determine the loss of=20
> the initial=20
> > character if we change the value (I know you like the M=20
> bit).  Perhaps=20
> > it is simply not that important to detect loss of the initial=20
> > character.
> T.140 requests that the first character sent in a session is=20
> a UTF-8 synchronisation character.
> "7.1	Code signature and synchronization
> The ZERO WIDTH NO-BREAK SPACE character (FEFF) shall be=20
> inserted in the beginning of the session. " So, a receiving=20
> T.140 could check the first character. If it is not the sync=20
> character, one or more characters can be assumed to be lost,=20
> and it is suitable to mark the loss.
>=20
> >
> > > > > 3. Section 3.9 states:  "- Each redundant data block MUST
> > > > contain the
> > > > > same data as a T140block previously transmitted as primary
> > > > data, and
> > > > > be identified with a timestamp offset
> > > > > equating to the original timestamp for that T140block."
> > > > >
> > > > > This conflicts with Section 3.8  sates "Redundant data older=20
> > > > > than 16383 divided by the clock frequency MUST NOT be=20
> > > > > transmitted."
> > > > This is now in sec 4.2 and 4.1
> > > >
> > > > It means "what you put in a redundant data block MUST have been =

> > > > transmitted before as primary and the timestamp of the primary=20
> > > > MUST be possible to calculate from the offset in the redundant=20
> > > > one." I think it is clear and suggest no change.
> > > >
> > >
> > > The primary that was sent can be lost, so a receiver can=20
> not rely of=20
> > > receiving primary and needs to be prepared to deduce the sequence =

> > > numbers from timestamp offsets alone in
> > > particular packet, so why a MUST ?
> >
> > Which MUST are you concerned about?  The requirement that the=20
> > redundancy packet MUST carry the previous primary data?  It is not=20
> > possible to determine the sequence number based only on the=20
> timestamps=20
> > for text, as text is not constantly flowing.  But, I may have=20
> > misunderstood your point.
> >
> The MUST makes it still possible to deduct the timestamp of=20
> the text. Even if it can not be used for detection of loss,=20
> some designer may want to use the timestamp e.g. for planning=20
> of playout, conversion to the timed-text format or so.
>=20
> > > If the redundant data is older that (2.048 Secs fro 8Khz clock OR =

> > > 20.48
> > sec
> > > for 1Khz), one
> > > can not send that data as redundancy payload as the timestamp
> > offset will
> > be
> > > more that
> > > 13bits as noted in ( sec 4.2 in -04). In that case, one can not=20
> > > satisfy "MUST contain the same data previously transmitted as=20
> > > primary" which is
> > important for making
> > > accurate loss
> > > detection for text/t140.
> But text/t140 has 1000 Hz clock just with the reason that it=20
> shall allow 16 seconds span for the redundancy.
> > >
> >
> > Agreed.  The text recommends transmitting at 300ms.  With=20
> two levels=20
> > of redundancy, we're OK.  If we have more redundancy, the interval=20
> > must be faster (but more redundancy is really not=20
> necessary).  Also,=20
> > audio/t140 re-transmission is likely to be much faster than=20
> text/t140,=20
> > especially when voice is detected and also needs to be transmitted.
> >
> > > Any zero-length t140 blocks transmitted as  primary for
> > text/t140 MUST be
> > > sent again as
> > > redundant block[4a below], what will one do if after=20
> transmitting a=20
> > > zero-length block, the next data is not available for=20
> more than 21=20
> > > seconds or so.
> > Should one keep
> > > sending
> > > zero-length blocks so as to ensure that sequence number
> > deduction would be
> > > feasible ?
> No, you "pump out" the last text as redundant text at 300 ms=20
> intervals. If you have the recommended two levels of=20
> redundancy, the last characters before a pause will sent as=20
> primary, then as secondary after 300 ms and then as tertiary=20
> after 600 ms. Then it is silent and nothing is in=20
> transmission buffers. When new text is coming from the user=20
> to be sent, it will be sent as primary text and no secondary=20
> exists to be transmitted.
>=20
> This mechanism is described in the section about silence.
>=20
> >
> > We must make sure there are no gaps, so even after 21 seconds, the=20
> > next text/t140 packet must contain any previous empty=20
> "primary" data=20
> > T140blocks.
> >
> > > In either case, there is a issue when the packet with
> > "zero-length" block
> > as
> > > primary is
> > > lost for text/t140. If you don't send it as redundant=20
> data or switch=20
> > > to text/t140. A receiver will see a sequence # gap and=20
> will indicate=20
> > > loss of
> > text-data
> > > when there was
> > > none.
> >
> > You're saying that if we send this packet:
> >    { R1(text), R2(empty), P1(empty) }
> >
> > And then there is nothing to transmit for a while and the=20
> next packet=20
> > looks like this:
> >    { P1'(non-empty }
> >
> > Then the receiver will wonder what happend to the sequence number=20
> > associated with P1(empty)?  I think you might be correct. =20
> This might=20
> > cause incorrect
> > interpretations of lost characters for text/t140.  Audio/t140
> > does not have
> > the same problem, as it has the T140block counter inside=20
> the payload.
> > Gunnar?
>=20
> Yes, there is a spotted problem, but the description above is=20
> not correct.
>=20
> 1 send { R2(text x), R1(text y), P1(text z) }    and receive it
> no more input causes after 300 ms
> 2 send { R2(text y), R1(text z), P1(empty) }     assume lost
> after 300 ms
> 3 send { R2(text z), R1(empty), P1(empty) }     assume lost
>=20
> after 21 seconds the user types text q.
> 4 send { P1(text q) } with text/red payload type    receive it   -
> Because the old R1 and R1 are so old that thy should not be sent.
>=20
> This reveals a sequence number loss 2 and 3, and no=20
> information available to repair the loss with. So, according=20
> to current logic in rfc2793bis, the loss should be marked.=20
> And it was only empty fields that we lost, so it will be a false =
mark.
>=20
> It does not help to send the new packet with text/t140, the=20
> gap will be noticed and marked anyway.
>=20
> It helps a little if we allow data older than 16383 ticks to=20
> be tranmitted. Then, the 4b send { R2(empty), R1(empty),=20
> P1(text q) } received would reveal that nothing was lost,
>=20
> But losing also 4b would create a false loss detected when=20
> transmission 5 is received.
>=20
> This is unfortunate but not unacceptable. We have not=20
> promised total reliability on the indicator for missing data.
>=20
> Do you have a proposal for how to reduce the risk of=20
> misdetection of loss?
>=20
>=20


Here's one possibility:

1. The section "5.4" (version-04) defines the "Silent Periods" and
"zero-length" blocks.
=20
2. Allow use of "zero-length" t140blocks during "Silent Periods" for =
both
text/t140 and audio/t140 (i.e. with or without redundancy use).=20

3. Only one "zero-length" t140block MUST be transmitted every "Silence
Period".

4. Use M-bit to indicate start of every text-spurt.

[ Note that for audio/t140 this means that switch to voice payload can =
only
occur after a terminating zero-length block indicating silence period =
has
been transmitted. There's still=20
an issue with detecting loss accurately under some specific bursty loss
scenarios and may need some solution if it's important.
Regarding M-bit usage: I think as far as audio/t140 is concerned, the =
use is
as specified in profile. For text media at present there is no profile
specifying the M-bit behavior. Behavior analogous to voice seems =
suitable
for text too and can be specified by 2793bis.]

If zero-length block is lost then the receiver will have to wait for =
next
packets arrival=20
to determine/indicate if there was any actual data-loss, this behavior =
is
same as before.
The above scheme makes t140block counter redundant as the RTP seq# and
T140block counter would always be in sync during a text-spurt.
The marker bit's presence/absence/loss would enable one to distinguish
between loss of one or more normal T140block or zero-length block (with =
or
without RED use) and prevent false loss detection. This will allow use =
of
same payload format for both audio and text t140 and
I think same rules for redundancy use simplifying the implementation.

>=20
> >
> > > > The M-bit can not be relied upon, because the M-bit is=20
> transmitted=20
> > > > once only. If that packet is lost, you lost the indicator.
> > > >
> > >
> > > Yes, but the fact that one received a packet with M-bit not
> > set when one
> > was
> > > expecting one, at the beginning of text-spurt, is an
> > indication of loss.
> > > There by serving the purpose that "t140 block counter" is
> > serving, namely
> > > indicate "loss of one or more characters". I still do not see
> > benefits of
> > > introducing this counter when it appears that the same can be
> > accomplished
> > > by using M-bit.
> >
> > The M-bit cannot stand in for the T140block counter.  Even with=20
> > significant congestion and the loss of 10 packets in a row, the=20
> > T140block counter can indicate loss, whereas the M-bit=20
> would have been=20
> > lost 7 packets earlier.
> >
> > I honestly think the use of the M-bit is questionable for=20
> text. I can=20
> > see some utility in voice packets *if* it were reliably delivered.
> > Given that
> > it can be lost, the receiver has to be prepared to function
> > properly without
> > it... so why bother?  Another argument we could make is that
> > since there is
> > no silence suppression, we should set it to zero (RFC 3551).
> > Perhaps that's
> > a stretch, but I largely think it's about the same... I just
> > cannot see any
> > utility of the market bit in the text applications.
> >
> > Paul
> >
> >
> >
> Gunnar
>=20
>=20

_______________________________________________
Audio/Video Transport Working Group
avt@ietf.org
https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt



From exim@www1.ietf.org  Mon May 10 18:58:44 2004
Received: from optimus.ietf.org (iesg.org [132.151.1.19])
	by ietf.org (8.9.1a/8.9.1a) with ESMTP id SAA14773
	for <avt-archive@odin.ietf.org>; Mon, 10 May 2004 18:58:44 -0400 (EDT)
Received: from localhost.localdomain ([127.0.0.1] helo=www1.ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BNJfN-0001GH-R7
	for avt-archive@odin.ietf.org; Mon, 10 May 2004 18:54:33 -0400
Received: (from exim@localhost)
	by www1.ietf.org (8.12.8/8.12.8/Submit) id i4AMsXB3004826
	for avt-archive@odin.ietf.org; Mon, 10 May 2004 18:54:33 -0400
Received: from localhost.localdomain ([127.0.0.1] helo=www1.ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BNJSH-00075i-IC; Mon, 10 May 2004 18:41:01 -0400
Received: from odin.ietf.org ([132.151.1.176] helo=ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BNJIt-0004Ly-PE
	for avt@optimus.ietf.org; Mon, 10 May 2004 18:31:19 -0400
Received: from ietf-mx (ietf-mx.ietf.org [132.151.6.1])
	by ietf.org (8.9.1a/8.9.1a) with ESMTP id SAA12527
	for <avt@ietf.org>; Mon, 10 May 2004 18:31:14 -0400 (EDT)
Received: from ietf-mx.ietf.org ([132.151.6.1] helo=ietf-mx)
	by ietf-mx with esmtp (Exim 4.32)
	id 1BNJIq-0004ko-NS
	for avt@ietf.org; Mon, 10 May 2004 18:31:16 -0400
Received: from exim by ietf-mx with spam-scanned (Exim 4.12)
	id 1BNJHu-0004Pf-00
	for avt@ietf.org; Mon, 10 May 2004 18:30:20 -0400
Received: from av5-1-sn4.m-sp.skanova.net ([81.228.10.112])
	by ietf-mx with esmtp (Exim 4.12)
	id 1BNJHK-000454-00
	for avt@ietf.org; Mon, 10 May 2004 18:29:42 -0400
Received: by av5-1-sn4.m-sp.skanova.net (Postfix, from userid 502)
	id 9179E37F3E; Tue, 11 May 2004 00:29:06 +0200 (CEST)
Received: from smtp2-1-sn4.m-sp.skanova.net (smtp2-1-sn4.m-sp.skanova.net [81.228.10.183])
	by av5-1-sn4.m-sp.skanova.net (Postfix) with ESMTP
	id 83C1B37E42; Tue, 11 May 2004 00:29:06 +0200 (CEST)
Received: from vit (h53n2fls31o265.telia.com [217.208.189.53])
	by smtp2-1-sn4.m-sp.skanova.net (Postfix) with SMTP
	id 0F7C537E49; Tue, 11 May 2004 00:29:06 +0200 (CEST)
From: "Gunnar Hellstrom" <gunnar.hellstrom@omnitor.se>
To: "Paul E. Jones" <paulej@packetizer.com>,
        "Mundra, Satish" <smundra@telogy.com>, "avt IETF" <avt@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [avt]  Comments/questions on draft-ietf-avt-rfc2793bis-04
Date: Tue, 11 May 2004 00:29:07 +0200
Message-ID: <BHEHLFPKIPMLPFNFAHJKMECAEHAA.gunnar.hellstrom@omnitor.se>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain;
	charset="Windows-1252"
X-Priority: 3 (Normal)
X-MSMail-Priority: Normal
X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook IMO, Build 9.0.2416 (9.0.2910.0)
Importance: Normal
In-Reply-To: <01a101c433ae$88e80690$0a01a8c0@madrid>
X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1409
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
X-Spam-Checker-Version: SpamAssassin 2.60 (1.212-2003-09-23-exp) on 
	ietf-mx.ietf.org
X-Spam-Status: No, hits=0.1 required=5.0 tests=AWL autolearn=no version=2.60
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
Sender: avt-admin@ietf.org
Errors-To: avt-admin@ietf.org
X-BeenThere: avt@ietf.org
X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.12
Precedence: bulk
List-Unsubscribe: <https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt>,
	<mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=unsubscribe>
List-Id: Audio/Video Transport Working Group <avt.ietf.org>
List-Post: <mailto:avt@ietf.org>
List-Help: <mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=help>
List-Subscribe: <https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt>,
	<mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=subscribe>
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable

Satish,
I am eager to come to conclusions on your questions regarding
draft-ietf-avt-rfc2793bis-04.

Our (Paul=B4s and mine ) understanding regarding the questions are now:

1. Security risk to have the 16-bit T140block counter to always start at =
0
in a session.
I mentioned that loss in the beginning could be detected by the text stre=
am
not starting with the Unicode synchronization character, because the
requirement to start with that code is clearly stated in T.140.
So, that could be used and the counter could then start at a random value=
.
However, also this session start code can be seen as a security risk with
the same reason as the 0 counter would be one. Are not all media full of
predictable bit patterns, like picture start headers, audio session
parameters etc?

We would like to hear more voices if it is important to start the counter
at a random value, and instead rely on detection of initial loss by a
missing Unicode Synchronization character.

2. M-bit for indication of start of text.
You hint that we should specify that the M-bit SHALL be used as indicated
in the AVT profile for indicating start of text initially in the stream a=
nd
also after a gap. This could be used both to detect loss and in order to
detect when suspected loss is only loss of empty text blocks.

Each M-bit is only sent once, so it does not get improved reliability by
redundancy. We have a mechanism with marking missing text with a Unicode
replacement character, specified in T.140. If in doubt, it is better to
mark too much than too little, because there will be non-printable
characters that will be marked by this character when lost. Therefore the
users might know that there can be markers for missing text without any
visible text missing.

So, for audio/t140, we can select between three methods for indicating th=
e
start of stream:
 a. counter =3D0
 b. M-bit
 c. Unicode start of stream character

For text/t140, we can only select between two methods:
 a. M-bit
 b. Unicode start of stream character

A missing M-bit does not give full information if a real text element is
missing. The text might be received in redundant code.  But it can be use=
d
as a likely indication.

The other methods are at least as reliable as the redundant transmission
method used.


For text during a session, we have the following problem: What is a gap?
When shall the M-bit be set to 1? What is a text-spurt?

For text/t140, it is hard to find a good definitition for when a text-spu=
rt
starts. There is no declaration of the time between the packets, just the
buffering time that normally may be 300 ms, but may vary. For the
text/red/t140 case, there could be a reason to use the M-bit, when only t=
he
primary data contains valid text. The other blocks should be empty or
non-existing. That is the case after a pause.
Detection of an M-bit can make sure that the risk is kept low for falsely
marking loss of data during the pause. Without the use of the M-bit,
falsely marking lost text will occur slightly more often.

For the plain text/t140 format, I do not see any need for marking the fir=
st
packet after a longer pause.

For red/audio/t140 I see no need for the M-bit. The counter give a better
reliability.

The current RFC2793 does not specify the use of the M-bit. RFC2793bis
should be compatible with RFC2793 for text/t140 and text/red/t140. Using
the M-bit for RFC2793 bis would be a step off from that direction.

Anyway, it does little harm, so if there are voices for it, we could say
that the transmitter MUST use the M-bit to indicate start of stream, and
start after a pause. The receiver MAY use it for detection of loss.


Please advice

Regards

Gunnar
-------------------------------------------------------------------------=
--
-------


Satish,
Further answers inline,

Gunnar

-------------------------------------------
Gunnar Hellstr=F6m
Omnitor AB
Renathv=E4gen 2
SE 121 37 Johanneshov
SWEDEN
+46 8 556 002 03
Mob: +46 708 204 288
www.omnitor.se
Gunnar.Hellstrom@Omnitor.se
--------------------------------------------


> -----Original Message-----
> From: Paul E. Jones [mailto:paulej@packetizer.com]
> Sent: Thursday, May 06, 2004 11:10 PM
> To: Mundra, Satish; 'Gunnar Hellstrom'; avt IETF
> Subject: Re: [avt] Comments/questions on draft-ietf-avt-rfc2793bis-03/0=
4
>
>
> Satish,
>
> I'll respond to some questions, but leave most to Gunnar:
>
> > > > 1. In section 3.2 : "The T140block counter MUST be
> > > initialized to zero
> > > > the first time
> > > > that a packet containing...."
> > > >
> > > > Initializing this counter to zero will make it weaker against
> > > > encryption attacks when RTP payload is encrypted.
> > > This is still in 3.2
> > >
> > > There are also other fields that are easy to derive. This is
> > > no worse. We want to check missing text from first character
> > > if it arrives. This was one feasible way to achieve that goal.
> > >
> >
> > I agree that there may be other fields which are easy to
> derive, but what
> if
> >
> > implementations or standards are revised in future. Those may
> not apply to
> > payload where
> > this sequence # is present. More randomization is always preferable.
> >
> > In any case, the text/t140 will have a random sequence number on very
> first
> > packet so the
> > initialization to zero for audio/t140 alone, has not resolved the sam=
e
> issue
> > with text/t140.
>
> You have a good point about not being able to detect the loss of
> an initial
> character in text/t140.  I believe that is right.
>
> I'm less concerned with being able to use information about part of the
> contents of a particular packet.  It might make it vulnerable to
> attack, but
> it also shows a weakness in the encryption that is used.  With
> many codecs,
> some of the bits within the payload have a value that is known or can b=
e
> guessed.  I suppose the T140block counter offers the largest
> number of such
> bits.
>
> I don't have an incredibly strong feeling one way or the other.  But, I
> would like suggestions on how to determine the loss of the
> initial character
> if we change the value (I know you like the M bit).  Perhaps it is simp=
ly
> not that important to detect loss of the initial character.
T.140 requests that the first character sent in a session is a UTF-8
synchronisation character.
"7.1	Code signature and synchronization
The ZERO WIDTH NO-BREAK SPACE character (FEFF) shall be inserted in the
beginning of the session. "
So, a receiving T.140 could check the first character. If it is not the
sync character, one or more characters can be assumed to be lost, and it =
is
suitable to mark the loss.

>
> > > > 3. Section 3.9 states:  "- Each redundant data block MUST
> > > contain the
> > > > same data as a T140block previously transmitted as primary
> > > data, and
> > > > be identified with a timestamp offset
> > > > equating to the original timestamp for that T140block."
> > > >
> > > > This conflicts with Section 3.8  sates "Redundant data older than
> > > > 16383 divided by the clock frequency MUST NOT be transmitted."
> > > This is now in sec 4.2 and 4.1
> > >
> > > It means "what you put in a redundant data block MUST have
> > > been transmitted before as primary and the timestamp of the
> > > primary MUST be possible to calculate from the offset in the
> > > redundant one." I think it is clear and suggest no change.
> > >
> >
> > The primary that was sent can be lost, so a receiver can not rely of
> > receiving primary
> > and needs to be prepared to deduce the sequence numbers from timestam=
p
> > offsets alone in
> > particular packet, so why a MUST ?
>
> Which MUST are you concerned about?  The requirement that the redundanc=
y
> packet MUST carry the previous primary data?  It is not possible to
> determine the sequence number based only on the timestamps for
> text, as text
> is not constantly flowing.  But, I may have misunderstood your point.
>
The MUST makes it still possible to deduct the timestamp of the text. Eve=
n
if it can not be used for detection of loss, some designer may want to us=
e
the timestamp e.g. for planning of playout, conversion to the timed-text
format or so.

> > If the redundant data is older that (2.048 Secs fro 8Khz clock OR 20.=
48
> sec
> > for 1Khz), one
> > can not send that data as redundancy payload as the timestamp
> offset will
> be
> > more that
> > 13bits as noted in ( sec 4.2 in -04). In that case, one can not satis=
fy
> > "MUST contain the
> > same data previously transmitted as primary" which is
> important for making
> > accurate loss
> > detection for text/t140.
But text/t140 has 1000 Hz clock just with the reason that it shall allow =
16
seconds span for the redundancy.
> >
>
> Agreed.  The text recommends transmitting at 300ms.  With two levels of
> redundancy, we're OK.  If we have more redundancy, the interval must be
> faster (but more redundancy is really not necessary).  Also, audio/t140
> re-transmission is likely to be much faster than text/t140,
> especially when
> voice is detected and also needs to be transmitted.
>
> > Any zero-length t140 blocks transmitted as  primary for
> text/t140 MUST be
> > sent again as
> > redundant block[4a below], what will one do if after transmitting a
> > zero-length block, the
> > next data is not available for more than 21 seconds or so.
> Should one keep
> > sending
> > zero-length blocks so as to ensure that sequence number
> deduction would be
> > feasible ?
No, you "pump out" the last text as redundant text at 300 ms intervals. I=
f
you have the recommended two levels of redundancy, the last characters
before a pause will sent as primary, then as secondary after 300 ms and
then as tertiary after 600 ms. Then it is silent and nothing is in
transmission buffers. When new text is coming from the user to be sent, i=
t
will be sent as primary text and no secondary exists to be transmitted.

This mechanism is described in the section about silence.

>
> We must make sure there are no gaps, so even after 21 seconds, the next
> text/t140 packet must contain any previous empty "primary" data
> T140blocks.
>
> > In either case, there is a issue when the packet with
> "zero-length" block
> as
> > primary is
> > lost for text/t140. If you don't send it as redundant data or switch =
to
> > text/t140.
> > A receiver will see a sequence # gap and will indicate loss of
> text-data
> > when there was
> > none.
>
> You're saying that if we send this packet:
>    { R1(text), R2(empty), P1(empty) }
>
> And then there is nothing to transmit for a while and the next
> packet looks
> like this:
>    { P1'(non-empty }
>
> Then the receiver will wonder what happend to the sequence
> number associated
> with P1(empty)?  I think you might be correct.  This might cause
> incorrect
> interpretations of lost characters for text/t140.  Audio/t140
> does not have
> the same problem, as it has the T140block counter inside the payload.
> Gunnar?

Yes, there is a spotted problem, but the description above is not correct=
.

1 send { R2(text x), R1(text y), P1(text z) }    and receive it
no more input causes after 300 ms
2 send { R2(text y), R1(text z), P1(empty) }     assume lost
after 300 ms
3 send { R2(text z), R1(empty), P1(empty) }     assume lost

after 21 seconds the user types text q.
4 send { P1(text q) } with text/red payload type    receive it   -
Because the old R1 and R1 are so old that thy should not be sent.

This reveals a sequence number loss 2 and 3, and no information available
to repair the loss with. So, according to current logic in rfc2793bis, th=
e
loss should be marked. And it was only empty fields that we lost, so it
will be a false mark.

It does not help to send the new packet with text/t140, the gap will be
noticed and marked anyway.

It helps a little if we allow data older than 16383 ticks to be tranmitte=
d.
Then, the
4b send { R2(empty), R1(empty), P1(text q) } received would reveal that
nothing was lost,

But losing also 4b would create a false loss detected when transmission 5
is received.

This is unfortunate but not unacceptable. We have not promised total
reliability on the indicator for missing data.

Do you have a proposal for how to reduce the risk of misdetection of loss=
?



>
> > > The M-bit can not be relied upon, because the M-bit is
> > > transmitted once
> > > only. If that packet is lost, you lost the indicator.
> > >
> >
> > Yes, but the fact that one received a packet with M-bit not
> set when one
> was
> > expecting one, at the beginning of text-spurt, is an
> indication of loss.
> > There by serving the purpose that "t140 block counter" is
> serving, namely
> > indicate "loss of one or more characters". I still do not see
> benefits of
> > introducing this counter when it appears that the same can be
> accomplished
> > by using M-bit.
>
> The M-bit cannot stand in for the T140block counter.  Even with
> significant
> congestion and the loss of 10 packets in a row, the T140block counter c=
an
> indicate loss, whereas the M-bit would have been lost 7 packets earlier=
.
>
> I honestly think the use of the M-bit is questionable for text.
> I can see
> some utility in voice packets *if* it were reliably delivered.
> Given that
> it can be lost, the receiver has to be prepared to function
> properly without
> it... so why bother?  Another argument we could make is that
> since there is
> no silence suppression, we should set it to zero (RFC 3551).
> Perhaps that's
> a stretch, but I largely think it's about the same... I just
> cannot see any
> utility of the market bit in the text applications.
>
> Paul
>
>
>
Gunnar



_______________________________________________
Audio/Video Transport Working Group
avt@ietf.org
https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt



From exim@www1.ietf.org  Mon May 10 19:09:07 2004
Received: from optimus.ietf.org (iesg.org [132.151.1.19])
	by ietf.org (8.9.1a/8.9.1a) with ESMTP id TAA15387
	for <avt-archive@odin.ietf.org>; Mon, 10 May 2004 19:09:07 -0400 (EDT)
Received: from localhost.localdomain ([127.0.0.1] helo=www1.ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BNJmp-000375-1Q
	for avt-archive@odin.ietf.org; Mon, 10 May 2004 19:02:15 -0400
Received: (from exim@localhost)
	by www1.ietf.org (8.12.8/8.12.8/Submit) id i4AN2Frm011958
	for avt-archive@odin.ietf.org; Mon, 10 May 2004 19:02:15 -0400
Received: from localhost.localdomain ([127.0.0.1] helo=www1.ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BNJgp-0001s2-LL; Mon, 10 May 2004 18:56:03 -0400
Received: from odin.ietf.org ([132.151.1.176] helo=ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BNJVh-0007c1-Vq
	for avt@optimus.ietf.org; Mon, 10 May 2004 18:44:34 -0400
Received: from ietf-mx (ietf-mx.ietf.org [132.151.6.1])
	by ietf.org (8.9.1a/8.9.1a) with ESMTP id SAA13655
	for <avt@ietf.org>; Mon, 10 May 2004 18:44:28 -0400 (EDT)
Received: from ietf-mx.ietf.org ([132.151.6.1] helo=ietf-mx)
	by ietf-mx with esmtp (Exim 4.32)
	id 1BNJVe-0001k5-P3
	for avt@ietf.org; Mon, 10 May 2004 18:44:30 -0400
Received: from exim by ietf-mx with spam-scanned (Exim 4.12)
	id 1BNJUc-0001OA-00
	for avt@ietf.org; Mon, 10 May 2004 18:43:28 -0400
Received: from av5-2-sn4.m-sp.skanova.net ([81.228.10.111])
	by ietf-mx with esmtp (Exim 4.12)
	id 1BNJU1-0000zn-00
	for avt@ietf.org; Mon, 10 May 2004 18:42:49 -0400
Received: by av5-2-sn4.m-sp.skanova.net (Postfix, from userid 502)
	id A6F5D37E4A; Tue, 11 May 2004 00:42:19 +0200 (CEST)
Received: from smtp2-1-sn4.m-sp.skanova.net (smtp2-1-sn4.m-sp.skanova.net [81.228.10.183])
	by av5-2-sn4.m-sp.skanova.net (Postfix) with ESMTP
	id 9656837E43; Tue, 11 May 2004 00:42:19 +0200 (CEST)
Received: from vit (h53n2fls31o265.telia.com [217.208.189.53])
	by smtp2-1-sn4.m-sp.skanova.net (Postfix) with SMTP
	id E98AF37E5F; Tue, 11 May 2004 00:42:18 +0200 (CEST)
From: "Gunnar Hellstrom" <gunnar.hellstrom@omnitor.se>
To: "Mundra, Satish" <smundra@telogy.com>,
        "Paul E. Jones" <paulej@packetizer.com>, "avt IETF" <avt@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [avt]  Comments/questions on draft-ietf-avt-rfc2793bis-03/04
Date: Tue, 11 May 2004 00:42:22 +0200
Message-ID: <BHEHLFPKIPMLPFNFAHJKMECBEHAA.gunnar.hellstrom@omnitor.se>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain;
	charset="iso-8859-1"
X-Priority: 3 (Normal)
X-MSMail-Priority: Normal
X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook IMO, Build 9.0.2416 (9.0.2910.0)
Importance: Normal
In-Reply-To: <09DD40ABD88ACF4CB0D3CD84BB95296001B45D@tnint11.telogy.design.ti.com>
X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1409
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
X-Spam-Checker-Version: SpamAssassin 2.60 (1.212-2003-09-23-exp) on 
	ietf-mx.ietf.org
X-Spam-Status: No, hits=0.1 required=5.0 tests=AWL autolearn=no version=2.60
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
Sender: avt-admin@ietf.org
Errors-To: avt-admin@ietf.org
X-BeenThere: avt@ietf.org
X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.12
Precedence: bulk
List-Unsubscribe: <https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt>,
	<mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=unsubscribe>
List-Id: Audio/Video Transport Working Group <avt.ietf.org>
List-Post: <mailto:avt@ietf.org>
List-Help: <mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=help>
List-Subscribe: <https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt>,
	<mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=subscribe>
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable

Satish,
We crossposted.

-------------------------------------------
Gunnar Hellstr=F6m
Omnitor AB
Renathv=E4gen 2
SE 121 37 Johanneshov
SWEDEN
+46 8 556 002 03
Mob: +46 708 204 288
www.omnitor.se
Gunnar.Hellstrom@Omnitor.se
--------------------------------------------


> -----Original Message-----
> From: Mundra, Satish [mailto:smundra@telogy.com]
> Sent: Tuesday, May 11, 2004 12:27 AM
> To: 'Gunnar Hellstrom'; Paul E. Jones; avt IETF
> Subject: RE: [avt] Comments/questions on draft-ietf-avt-rfc2793bis-03/0=
4
>
>
> Gunnar/Paul,
>
> See one more comment inline...
> I think that comments/question can be revisited after basic issue with
> the use of Mbit and t140block counter is concluded. Many other
> questions may
> become
> irrelevant then.
>
> Regards,
>
> Satish Mundra
>
>
> > -----Original Message-----
> > From: Gunnar Hellstrom [mailto:gunnar.hellstrom@omnitor.se]
> > Sent: Friday, May 07, 2004 1:19 AM
> > To: Paul E. Jones; Mundra, Satish; avt IETF
> > Subject: RE: [avt] Comments/questions on
> > draft-ietf-avt-rfc2793bis-03/04
> >
> >
> > Satish,
> > Further answers inline,
> >
> > Gunnar
> >
> > -------------------------------------------
> > Gunnar Hellstr=F6m
> > Omnitor AB
> > Renathv=E4gen 2
> > SE 121 37 Johanneshov
> > SWEDEN
> > +46 8 556 002 03
> > Mob: +46 708 204 288
> > www.omnitor.se
> > Gunnar.Hellstrom@Omnitor.se
> > --------------------------------------------
> >
> >
> > > -----Original Message-----
> > > From: Paul E. Jones [mailto:paulej@packetizer.com]
> > > Sent: Thursday, May 06, 2004 11:10 PM
> > > To: Mundra, Satish; 'Gunnar Hellstrom'; avt IETF
> > > Subject: Re: [avt] Comments/questions on
> > > draft-ietf-avt-rfc2793bis-03/04
> > >
> > >
> > > Satish,
> > >
> > > I'll respond to some questions, but leave most to Gunnar:
> > >
> > > > > > 1. In section 3.2 : "The T140block counter MUST be
> > > > > initialized to zero
> > > > > > the first time
> > > > > > that a packet containing...."
> > > > > >
> > > > > > Initializing this counter to zero will make it weaker against
> > > > > > encryption attacks when RTP payload is encrypted.
> > > > > This is still in 3.2
> > > > >
> > > > > There are also other fields that are easy to derive. This is no
> > > > > worse. We want to check missing text from first character if it
> > > > > arrives. This was one feasible way to achieve that goal.
> > > > >
> > > >
> > > > I agree that there may be other fields which are easy to
> > > derive, but what
> > > if
> > > >
> > > > implementations or standards are revised in future. Those may
> > > not apply to
> > > > payload where
> > > > this sequence # is present. More randomization is always
> > preferable.
> > > >
> > > > In any case, the text/t140 will have a random sequence number on
> > > > very
> > > first
> > > > packet so the
> > > > initialization to zero for audio/t140 alone, has not resolved the
> > > > same
> > > issue
> > > > with text/t140.
> > >
> > > You have a good point about not being able to detect the loss of an
> > > initial character in text/t140.  I believe that is right.
> > >
> > > I'm less concerned with being able to use information about part of
> > > the contents of a particular packet.  It might make it
> > vulnerable to
> > > attack, but it also shows a weakness in the encryption that
> > is used.
> > > With many codecs,
> > > some of the bits within the payload have a value that is
> > known or can be
> > > guessed.  I suppose the T140block counter offers the largest
> > > number of such
> > > bits.
> > >
> > > I don't have an incredibly strong feeling one way or the
> > other.  But,
> > > I would like suggestions on how to determine the loss of
> > the initial
> > > character if we change the value (I know you like the M
> > bit).  Perhaps
> > > it is simply not that important to detect loss of the initial
> > > character.
> > T.140 requests that the first character sent in a session is
> > a UTF-8 synchronisation character.
> > "7.1	Code signature and synchronization
> > The ZERO WIDTH NO-BREAK SPACE character (FEFF) shall be
> > inserted in the beginning of the session. " So, a receiving
> > T.140 could check the first character. If it is not the sync
> > character, one or more characters can be assumed to be lost,
> > and it is suitable to mark the loss.
> >
> > >
> > > > > > 3. Section 3.9 states:  "- Each redundant data block MUST
> > > > > contain the
> > > > > > same data as a T140block previously transmitted as primary
> > > > > data, and
> > > > > > be identified with a timestamp offset
> > > > > > equating to the original timestamp for that T140block."
> > > > > >
> > > > > > This conflicts with Section 3.8  sates "Redundant data older
> > > > > > than 16383 divided by the clock frequency MUST NOT be
> > > > > > transmitted."
> > > > > This is now in sec 4.2 and 4.1
> > > > >
> > > > > It means "what you put in a redundant data block MUST have been
> > > > > transmitted before as primary and the timestamp of the primary
> > > > > MUST be possible to calculate from the offset in the redundant
> > > > > one." I think it is clear and suggest no change.
> > > > >
> > > >
> > > > The primary that was sent can be lost, so a receiver can
> > not rely of
> > > > receiving primary and needs to be prepared to deduce the sequence
> > > > numbers from timestamp offsets alone in
> > > > particular packet, so why a MUST ?
> > >
> > > Which MUST are you concerned about?  The requirement that the
> > > redundancy packet MUST carry the previous primary data?  It is not
> > > possible to determine the sequence number based only on the
> > timestamps
> > > for text, as text is not constantly flowing.  But, I may have
> > > misunderstood your point.
> > >
> > The MUST makes it still possible to deduct the timestamp of
> > the text. Even if it can not be used for detection of loss,
> > some designer may want to use the timestamp e.g. for planning
> > of playout, conversion to the timed-text format or so.
> >
> > > > If the redundant data is older that (2.048 Secs fro 8Khz clock OR
> > > > 20.48
> > > sec
> > > > for 1Khz), one
> > > > can not send that data as redundancy payload as the timestamp
> > > offset will
> > > be
> > > > more that
> > > > 13bits as noted in ( sec 4.2 in -04). In that case, one can not
> > > > satisfy "MUST contain the same data previously transmitted as
> > > > primary" which is
> > > important for making
> > > > accurate loss
> > > > detection for text/t140.
> > But text/t140 has 1000 Hz clock just with the reason that it
> > shall allow 16 seconds span for the redundancy.
> > > >
> > >
> > > Agreed.  The text recommends transmitting at 300ms.  With
> > two levels
> > > of redundancy, we're OK.  If we have more redundancy, the interval
> > > must be faster (but more redundancy is really not
> > necessary).  Also,
> > > audio/t140 re-transmission is likely to be much faster than
> > text/t140,
> > > especially when voice is detected and also needs to be transmitted.
> > >
> > > > Any zero-length t140 blocks transmitted as  primary for
> > > text/t140 MUST be
> > > > sent again as
> > > > redundant block[4a below], what will one do if after
> > transmitting a
> > > > zero-length block, the next data is not available for
> > more than 21
> > > > seconds or so.
> > > Should one keep
> > > > sending
> > > > zero-length blocks so as to ensure that sequence number
> > > deduction would be
> > > > feasible ?
> > No, you "pump out" the last text as redundant text at 300 ms
> > intervals. If you have the recommended two levels of
> > redundancy, the last characters before a pause will sent as
> > primary, then as secondary after 300 ms and then as tertiary
> > after 600 ms. Then it is silent and nothing is in
> > transmission buffers. When new text is coming from the user
> > to be sent, it will be sent as primary text and no secondary
> > exists to be transmitted.
> >
> > This mechanism is described in the section about silence.
> >
> > >
> > > We must make sure there are no gaps, so even after 21 seconds, the
> > > next text/t140 packet must contain any previous empty
> > "primary" data
> > > T140blocks.
> > >
> > > > In either case, there is a issue when the packet with
> > > "zero-length" block
> > > as
> > > > primary is
> > > > lost for text/t140. If you don't send it as redundant
> > data or switch
> > > > to text/t140. A receiver will see a sequence # gap and
> > will indicate
> > > > loss of
> > > text-data
> > > > when there was
> > > > none.
> > >
> > > You're saying that if we send this packet:
> > >    { R1(text), R2(empty), P1(empty) }
> > >
> > > And then there is nothing to transmit for a while and the
> > next packet
> > > looks like this:
> > >    { P1'(non-empty }
> > >
> > > Then the receiver will wonder what happend to the sequence number
> > > associated with P1(empty)?  I think you might be correct.
> > This might
> > > cause incorrect
> > > interpretations of lost characters for text/t140.  Audio/t140
> > > does not have
> > > the same problem, as it has the T140block counter inside
> > the payload.
> > > Gunnar?
> >
> > Yes, there is a spotted problem, but the description above is
> > not correct.
> >
> > 1 send { R2(text x), R1(text y), P1(text z) }    and receive it
> > no more input causes after 300 ms
> > 2 send { R2(text y), R1(text z), P1(empty) }     assume lost
> > after 300 ms
> > 3 send { R2(text z), R1(empty), P1(empty) }     assume lost
> >
> > after 21 seconds the user types text q.
> > 4 send { P1(text q) } with text/red payload type    receive it   -
> > Because the old R1 and R1 are so old that thy should not be sent.
> >
> > This reveals a sequence number loss 2 and 3, and no
> > information available to repair the loss with. So, according
> > to current logic in rfc2793bis, the loss should be marked.
> > And it was only empty fields that we lost, so it will be a false mark=
.
> >
> > It does not help to send the new packet with text/t140, the
> > gap will be noticed and marked anyway.
> >
> > It helps a little if we allow data older than 16383 ticks to
> > be tranmitted. Then, the 4b send { R2(empty), R1(empty),
> > P1(text q) } received would reveal that nothing was lost,
> >
> > But losing also 4b would create a false loss detected when
> > transmission 5 is received.
> >
> > This is unfortunate but not unacceptable. We have not
> > promised total reliability on the indicator for missing data.
> >
> > Do you have a proposal for how to reduce the risk of
> > misdetection of loss?
> >
> >
>
>
> Here's one possibility:
>
> 1. The section "5.4" (version-04) defines the "Silent Periods" and
> "zero-length" blocks.
>
> 2. Allow use of "zero-length" t140blocks during "Silent Periods" for bo=
th
> text/t140 and audio/t140 (i.e. with or without redundancy use).
>
> 3. Only one "zero-length" t140block MUST be transmitted every "Silence
> Period".
>
> 4. Use M-bit to indicate start of every text-spurt.
>
> [ Note that for audio/t140 this means that switch to voice
> payload can only
> occur after a terminating zero-length block indicating silence period h=
as
> been transmitted. There's still
> an issue with detecting loss accurately under some specific bursty loss
> scenarios and may need some solution if it's important.
> Regarding M-bit usage: I think as far as audio/t140 is
> concerned, the use is
> as specified in profile. For text media at present there is no profile
> specifying the M-bit behavior. Behavior analogous to voice seems suitab=
le
> for text too and can be specified by 2793bis.]
>
> If zero-length block is lost then the receiver will have to wait for ne=
xt
> packets arrival
> to determine/indicate if there was any actual data-loss, this behavior =
is
> same as before.
> The above scheme makes t140block counter redundant as the RTP seq# and
> T140block counter would always be in sync during a text-spurt.
> The marker bit's presence/absence/loss would enable one to distinguish
> between loss of one or more normal T140block or zero-length
> block (with or
> without RED use) and prevent false loss detection. This will allow use =
of
> same payload format for both audio and text t140 and
> I think same rules for redundancy use simplifying the implementation.
>
> >
> > >
> > > > > The M-bit can not be relied upon, because the M-bit is
> > transmitted
> > > > > once only. If that packet is lost, you lost the indicator.
> > > > >
> > > >
> > > > Yes, but the fact that one received a packet with M-bit not
> > > set when one
> > > was
> > > > expecting one, at the beginning of text-spurt, is an
> > > indication of loss.
> > > > There by serving the purpose that "t140 block counter" is
> > > serving, namely
> > > > indicate "loss of one or more characters". I still do not see
> > > benefits of
> > > > introducing this counter when it appears that the same can be
> > > accomplished
> > > > by using M-bit.
> > >
> > > The M-bit cannot stand in for the T140block counter.  Even with
> > > significant congestion and the loss of 10 packets in a row, the
> > > T140block counter can indicate loss, whereas the M-bit
> > would have been
> > > lost 7 packets earlier.
> > >
> > > I honestly think the use of the M-bit is questionable for
> > text. I can
> > > see some utility in voice packets *if* it were reliably delivered.
> > > Given that
> > > it can be lost, the receiver has to be prepared to function
> > > properly without
> > > it... so why bother?  Another argument we could make is that
> > > since there is
> > > no silence suppression, we should set it to zero (RFC 3551).
> > > Perhaps that's
> > > a stretch, but I largely think it's about the same... I just
> > > cannot see any
> > > utility of the market bit in the text applications.
> > >
> > > Paul
> > >
> > >
> > >
> > Gunnar
> >
> >
>
>



_______________________________________________
Audio/Video Transport Working Group
avt@ietf.org
https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt



From exim@www1.ietf.org  Tue May 11 07:57:02 2004
Received: from optimus.ietf.org (optimus.ietf.org [132.151.1.19])
	by ietf.org (8.9.1a/8.9.1a) with ESMTP id HAA21192
	for <avt-archive@odin.ietf.org>; Tue, 11 May 2004 07:57:02 -0400 (EDT)
Received: from localhost.localdomain ([127.0.0.1] helo=www1.ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BNVjf-0002OI-MV
	for avt-archive@odin.ietf.org; Tue, 11 May 2004 07:47:48 -0400
Received: (from exim@localhost)
	by www1.ietf.org (8.12.8/8.12.8/Submit) id i4BBllL4009190
	for avt-archive@odin.ietf.org; Tue, 11 May 2004 07:47:47 -0400
Received: from localhost.localdomain ([127.0.0.1] helo=www1.ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BNVe6-0001Y6-Vw; Tue, 11 May 2004 07:42:02 -0400
Received: from odin.ietf.org ([132.151.1.176] helo=ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BNVY8-0008VR-8N
	for avt@optimus.ietf.org; Tue, 11 May 2004 07:35:52 -0400
Received: from ietf-mx (ietf-mx.ietf.org [132.151.6.1])
	by ietf.org (8.9.1a/8.9.1a) with ESMTP id HAA20231
	for <avt@ietf.org>; Tue, 11 May 2004 07:35:50 -0400 (EDT)
Received: from ietf-mx.ietf.org ([132.151.6.1] helo=ietf-mx)
	by ietf-mx with esmtp (Exim 4.32)
	id 1BNVY7-0006r6-IL
	for avt@ietf.org; Tue, 11 May 2004 07:35:51 -0400
Received: from exim by ietf-mx with spam-scanned (Exim 4.12)
	id 1BNVX2-0006Sz-00
	for avt@ietf.org; Tue, 11 May 2004 07:34:44 -0400
Received: from [80.74.106.125] (helo=rvil-mail.RADVISION.com)
	by ietf-mx with esmtp (Exim 4.12)
	id 1BNVW1-0005kJ-00
	for avt@ietf.org; Tue, 11 May 2004 07:33:41 -0400
X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft Exchange V6.0.6487.1
content-class: urn:content-classes:message
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: multipart/alternative;
	boundary="----_=_NextPart_001_01C4374C.094BFE89"
Date: Tue, 11 May 2004 14:35:18 +0300
Message-ID: <D44BDA2CDAC4664B8DFE8ECF523CFEE32CCEE9@rvil-mail.radvision.com>
Thread-Topic: <From, To> and MKI, FRC 3711
Thread-Index: AcQ3TAkoWun5sB+AQRyXp5t75ulB1A==
From: "Ofer Goren" <oferg@radvision.com>
To: <avt@ietf.org>, <srtp-users@lists.sourceforge.net>
X-Spam-Checker-Version: SpamAssassin 2.60 (1.212-2003-09-23-exp) on 
	ietf-mx.ietf.org
X-Spam-Status: No, hits=0.2 required=5.0 tests=AWL,HTML_50_60,HTML_MESSAGE 
	autolearn=no version=2.60
Subject: [AVT] <From, To> and MKI, FRC 3711
Sender: avt-admin@ietf.org
Errors-To: avt-admin@ietf.org
X-BeenThere: avt@ietf.org
X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.12
Precedence: bulk
List-Unsubscribe: <https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt>,
	<mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=unsubscribe>
List-Id: Audio/Video Transport Working Group <avt.ietf.org>
List-Post: <mailto:avt@ietf.org>
List-Help: <mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=help>
List-Subscribe: <https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt>,
	<mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=subscribe>

This is a multi-part message in MIME format.

------_=_NextPart_001_01C4374C.094BFE89
Content-Type: text/plain;
	charset="windows-1255"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable

Hi.
=20
In RFC 3711, section 8.1.1, it says that "using the MKI does not exclude =
using <From, To> key
   lifetime simultaneously".
=20
As I understand it, both mechanisms can be used for the same session =
simultaneously. However, does the <From, To> mechanism is MANDATORY to =
be used every time (whether <From, To> is used or not), or can I omit it =
if I'm using MKI?
=20
Thanks,
=20
Ofer.

------_=_NextPart_001_01C4374C.094BFE89
Content-Type: text/html;
	charset="windows-1255"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable

<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN">
<HTML><HEAD>
<META HTTP-EQUIV=3D"Content-Type" CONTENT=3D"text/html; =
charset=3Dwindows-1255">


<META content=3D"MSHTML 6.00.2800.1400" name=3DGENERATOR></HEAD>
<BODY>
<DIV><SPAN class=3D265462911-11052004><FONT face=3DArial=20
size=3D2>Hi.</FONT></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=3D265462911-11052004><FONT face=3DArial=20
size=3D2></FONT></SPAN>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=3D265462911-11052004><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2>In RFC =
3711, section=20
8.1.1, it says that "<FONT size=3D3>using the MKI does not exclude using =
&lt;From,=20
To&gt; key<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp; lifetime =
simultaneously".</FONT></FONT></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=3D265462911-11052004><FONT =
face=3DArial></FONT></SPAN>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=3D265462911-11052004><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2>As I =
understand it,=20
both mechanisms can be used for the same session simultaneously. =
However, does=20
the &lt;From, To&gt; mechanism is MANDATORY to be used every time =
(whether=20
&lt;From, To&gt; is used or not), or can I omit it if I'm using=20
MKI?</FONT></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=3D265462911-11052004><FONT face=3DArial=20
size=3D2></FONT></SPAN>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=3D265462911-11052004><FONT face=3DArial=20
size=3D2>Thanks,</FONT></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3DArial><FONT size=3D2>Ofer<SPAN=20
class=3D265462911-11052004>.</SPAN></FONT></FONT></DIV></DIV></BODY></HTM=
L>

------_=_NextPart_001_01C4374C.094BFE89--

_______________________________________________
Audio/Video Transport Working Group
avt@ietf.org
https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt



From exim@www1.ietf.org  Tue May 11 08:33:20 2004
Received: from optimus.ietf.org (optimus.ietf.org [132.151.1.19])
	by ietf.org (8.9.1a/8.9.1a) with ESMTP id IAA22669
	for <avt-archive@odin.ietf.org>; Tue, 11 May 2004 08:33:20 -0400 (EDT)
Received: from localhost.localdomain ([127.0.0.1] helo=www1.ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BNWLF-00014a-3H
	for avt-archive@odin.ietf.org; Tue, 11 May 2004 08:26:37 -0400
Received: (from exim@localhost)
	by www1.ietf.org (8.12.8/8.12.8/Submit) id i4BCQbvv004080
	for avt-archive@odin.ietf.org; Tue, 11 May 2004 08:26:37 -0400
Received: from localhost.localdomain ([127.0.0.1] helo=www1.ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BNWEx-0008PT-68; Tue, 11 May 2004 08:20:07 -0400
Received: from odin.ietf.org ([132.151.1.176] helo=ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BNWAs-0007O3-I1
	for avt@optimus.ietf.org; Tue, 11 May 2004 08:15:54 -0400
Received: from ietf-mx (ietf-mx.ietf.org [132.151.6.1])
	by ietf.org (8.9.1a/8.9.1a) with ESMTP id IAA21959
	for <avt@ietf.org>; Tue, 11 May 2004 08:15:52 -0400 (EDT)
Received: from ietf-mx.ietf.org ([132.151.6.1] helo=ietf-mx)
	by ietf-mx with esmtp (Exim 4.32)
	id 1BNWAr-0006dn-GU
	for avt@ietf.org; Tue, 11 May 2004 08:15:53 -0400
Received: from exim by ietf-mx with spam-scanned (Exim 4.12)
	id 1BNW9v-0006HC-00
	for avt@ietf.org; Tue, 11 May 2004 08:14:55 -0400
Received: from penguin.ericsson.se ([193.180.251.47])
	by ietf-mx with esmtp (Exim 4.12)
	id 1BNW9V-0005to-00
	for avt@ietf.org; Tue, 11 May 2004 08:14:29 -0400
Received: from esealmw141.al.sw.ericsson.se ([153.88.254.120])
	by penguin.ericsson.se (8.12.10/8.12.10/WIREfire-1.8b) with ESMTP id i4BCERPA002092
	for <avt@ietf.org>; Tue, 11 May 2004 14:14:27 +0200 (MEST)
Received: from esealnt610.al.sw.ericsson.se ([153.88.254.120]) by esealmw141.al.sw.ericsson.se with Microsoft SMTPSVC(6.0.3790.0);
	 Tue, 11 May 2004 14:14:27 +0200
Received: by esealnt610.al.sw.ericsson.se with Internet Mail Service (5.5.2657.72)
	id <KWS12K5A>; Tue, 11 May 2004 14:14:28 +0200
Message-ID: <4E85E49D1F0CBF4F96EA08E335750D7D0A009D3B@Esealnt877.al.sw.ericsson.se>
From: "Elisabetta Carrara (KI/EAB)" <elisabetta.carrara@ericsson.com>
To: "'Ofer Goren'" <oferg@radvision.com>
Cc: avt@ietf.org, srtp-users@lists.sourceforge.net
Subject: RE: [AVT] <From, To> and MKI, FRC 3711
Date: Tue, 11 May 2004 14:12:28 +0200
MIME-Version: 1.0
X-Mailer: Internet Mail Service (5.5.2657.72)
Content-Type: text/plain;
	charset="windows-1255"
X-OriginalArrivalTime: 11 May 2004 12:14:27.0589 (UTC) FILETIME=[8163B350:01C43751]
X-Spam-Checker-Version: SpamAssassin 2.60 (1.212-2003-09-23-exp) on 
	ietf-mx.ietf.org
X-Spam-Status: No, hits=0.0 required=5.0 tests=none autolearn=no version=2.60
Sender: avt-admin@ietf.org
Errors-To: avt-admin@ietf.org
X-BeenThere: avt@ietf.org
X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.12
Precedence: bulk
List-Unsubscribe: <https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt>,
	<mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=unsubscribe>
List-Id: Audio/Video Transport Working Group <avt.ietf.org>
List-Post: <mailto:avt@ietf.org>
List-Help: <mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=help>
List-Subscribe: <https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt>,
	<mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=subscribe>

Hi Ofer,
you can omit it (note the use of MAY in the crypto 
context definition, section 3.2.1). 

Cheers
/Elisabetta


>-----Original Message-----
>From: avt-admin@ietf.org [mailto:avt-admin@ietf.org]On Behalf Of Ofer Goren
>Sent: den 11 maj 2004 13:35
>To: avt@ietf.org; srtp-users@lists.sourceforge.net
>Subject: [AVT] <From, To> and MKI, FRC 3711


>Hi.
>
>In RFC 3711, section 8.1.1, it says that "using the MKI 
>does not exclude using <From, To> key
>   lifetime simultaneously".
>
>As I understand it, both mechanisms can be used for the 
>same session simultaneously. However, does the <From, To> 
>mechanism is MANDATORY to be used every time (whether 
><From, To> is used or not), or can I omit it if I'm using MKI?
>
>Thanks,
>
>Ofer.

_______________________________________________
Audio/Video Transport Working Group
avt@ietf.org
https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt



From exim@www1.ietf.org  Tue May 11 09:19:48 2004
Received: from optimus.ietf.org (iesg.org [132.151.1.19])
	by ietf.org (8.9.1a/8.9.1a) with ESMTP id JAA24765
	for <avt-archive@odin.ietf.org>; Tue, 11 May 2004 09:19:48 -0400 (EDT)
Received: from localhost.localdomain ([127.0.0.1] helo=www1.ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BNX6t-0001a6-WB
	for avt-archive@odin.ietf.org; Tue, 11 May 2004 09:15:52 -0400
Received: (from exim@localhost)
	by www1.ietf.org (8.12.8/8.12.8/Submit) id i4BDFpMf006049
	for avt-archive@odin.ietf.org; Tue, 11 May 2004 09:15:51 -0400
Received: from localhost.localdomain ([127.0.0.1] helo=www1.ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BNWwb-0007zx-5X; Tue, 11 May 2004 09:05:13 -0400
Received: from odin.ietf.org ([132.151.1.176] helo=ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BNWqU-0006Ue-PV
	for avt@optimus.ietf.org; Tue, 11 May 2004 08:58:54 -0400
Received: from ietf-mx (ietf-mx.ietf.org [132.151.6.1])
	by ietf.org (8.9.1a/8.9.1a) with ESMTP id IAA23944
	for <avt@ietf.org>; Tue, 11 May 2004 08:58:52 -0400 (EDT)
Received: from ietf-mx.ietf.org ([132.151.6.1] helo=ietf-mx)
	by ietf-mx with esmtp (Exim 4.32)
	id 1BNWqT-0000Gg-8b
	for avt@ietf.org; Tue, 11 May 2004 08:58:53 -0400
Received: from exim by ietf-mx with spam-scanned (Exim 4.12)
	id 1BNWpW-0007gW-00
	for avt@ietf.org; Tue, 11 May 2004 08:57:55 -0400
Received: from m5tmail.m5t.com ([66.129.134.18])
	by ietf-mx with esmtp (Exim 4.12)
	id 1BNWow-0007GC-00
	for avt@ietf.org; Tue, 11 May 2004 08:57:19 -0400
Content-Class: urn:content-classes:message
Subject: RE: [AVT] <From, To> and MKI, FRC 3711
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain;
	charset="windows-1255"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
Date: Tue, 11 May 2004 08:56:56 -0400
X-MIMEOLE: Produced By Microsoft Exchange V6.0.6487.1
Message-ID: <AB5AF73EAF23304EA1B932174137CED70322DF@m5tmail.m5t.com>
Thread-Topic: <From, To> and MKI, FRC 3711
Thread-Index: AcQ3TAkoWun5sB+AQRyXp5t75ulB1AABXrwQ
From: "Sylvain Latulippe" <slatulippe@m5t.com>
To: "Ofer Goren" <oferg@radvision.com>, <avt@ietf.org>,
        <srtp-users@lists.sourceforge.net>
X-Spam-Checker-Version: SpamAssassin 2.60 (1.212-2003-09-23-exp) on 
	ietf-mx.ietf.org
X-Spam-Status: No, hits=0.0 required=5.0 tests=none autolearn=no version=2.60
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
Sender: avt-admin@ietf.org
Errors-To: avt-admin@ietf.org
X-BeenThere: avt@ietf.org
X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.12
Precedence: bulk
List-Unsubscribe: <https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt>,
	<mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=unsubscribe>
List-Id: Audio/Video Transport Working Group <avt.ietf.org>
List-Post: <mailto:avt@ietf.org>
List-Help: <mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=help>
List-Subscribe: <https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt>,
	<mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=subscribe>
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable


Hi,

My understanding is the following:

Both mechanisms can be used whitin the same session. When using MKI, =
<From, To> mechanism can be used by the sender side for synchronizing =
key transitions (re-keying).

For example:

A session is started and 2 keys (KEY_1 and KEY_2) are given to the =
session.

Session parameters:
KEY      FROM    TO        MKI
KEY_1    0       10        1=20
KEY_2    11      x         2

The sender uses KEY_1 to encrypt packets with index 0 to 10. MKI =3D 1 =
is also appended to packets 0 to 10. When building packet with index 11, =
the sender switches to KEY_2 and appends MKI =3D 2 to the packet.

On the receiver side, <From, To> is not required in this scenario. MKI =
is extracted from the received packet and used to retrieve the right =
key.

Sylvain




-----Original Message-----
From: avt-admin@ietf.org [mailto:avt-admin@ietf.org]On Behalf Of Ofer =
Goren
Sent: 11 mai, 2004 07:35
To: avt@ietf.org; srtp-users@lists.sourceforge.net
Subject: [AVT] <From, To> and MKI, FRC 3711


Hi.

In RFC 3711, section 8.1.1, it says that "using the MKI does not exclude =
using <From, To> key
   lifetime simultaneously".

As I understand it, both mechanisms can be used for the same session =
simultaneously. However, does the <From, To> mechanism is MANDATORY to =
be used every time (whether <From, To> is used or not), or can I omit it =
if I'm using MKI?

Thanks,

Ofer.

_______________________________________________
Audio/Video Transport Working Group
avt@ietf.org
https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt



From exim@www1.ietf.org  Tue May 11 11:52:01 2004
Received: from optimus.ietf.org (iesg.org [132.151.1.19])
	by ietf.org (8.9.1a/8.9.1a) with ESMTP id LAA04928
	for <avt-archive@odin.ietf.org>; Tue, 11 May 2004 11:52:01 -0400 (EDT)
Received: from localhost.localdomain ([127.0.0.1] helo=www1.ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BNZOW-0006MC-Ad
	for avt-archive@odin.ietf.org; Tue, 11 May 2004 11:42:19 -0400
Received: (from exim@localhost)
	by www1.ietf.org (8.12.8/8.12.8/Submit) id i4BFgCOZ024436
	for avt-archive@odin.ietf.org; Tue, 11 May 2004 11:42:12 -0400
Received: from localhost.localdomain ([127.0.0.1] helo=www1.ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BNZHb-0004pR-UV; Tue, 11 May 2004 11:35:03 -0400
Received: from odin.ietf.org ([132.151.1.176] helo=ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BNZDi-00047h-7a
	for avt@optimus.ietf.org; Tue, 11 May 2004 11:31:02 -0400
Received: from ietf-mx (ietf-mx.ietf.org [132.151.6.1])
	by ietf.org (8.9.1a/8.9.1a) with ESMTP id LAA03948
	for <avt@ietf.org>; Tue, 11 May 2004 11:30:59 -0400 (EDT)
Received: from ietf-mx.ietf.org ([132.151.6.1] helo=ietf-mx)
	by ietf-mx with esmtp (Exim 4.32)
	id 1BNZDh-0000Uq-86
	for avt@ietf.org; Tue, 11 May 2004 11:31:01 -0400
Received: from exim by ietf-mx with spam-scanned (Exim 4.12)
	id 1BNZCl-000057-00
	for avt@ietf.org; Tue, 11 May 2004 11:30:04 -0400
Received: from sj-iport-2-in.cisco.com ([171.71.176.71] helo=sj-iport-2.cisco.com)
	by ietf-mx with esmtp (Exim 4.12)
	id 1BNZBm-00072d-00
	for avt@ietf.org; Tue, 11 May 2004 11:29:02 -0400
Received: from sj-core-5.cisco.com (171.71.177.238)
  by sj-iport-2.cisco.com with ESMTP; 11 May 2004 07:32:47 +0000
Received: from mbaugher-w2k07.cisco.com (sjc-vpn1-280.cisco.com [10.21.97.24])
	by sj-core-5.cisco.com (8.12.10/8.12.6) with ESMTP id i4BFSTWA029806;
	Tue, 11 May 2004 08:28:29 -0700 (PDT)
Message-Id: <6.0.0.22.2.20040511082402.04335df8@mira-sjc5-6.cisco.com>
X-Sender: mbaugher@mira-sjc5-6.cisco.com
X-Mailer: QUALCOMM Windows Eudora Version 6.0.0.22
Date: Tue, 11 May 2004 08:28:29 -0700
To: "Sylvain Latulippe" <slatulippe@m5t.com>
From: Mark Baugher <mbaugher@cisco.com>
Subject: Re: [Srtp-users] RE: [AVT] <From, To> and MKI, FRC 3711
Cc: "Ofer Goren" <oferg@radvision.com>, <avt@ietf.org>,
        <srtp-users@lists.sourceforge.net>
In-Reply-To: <AB5AF73EAF23304EA1B932174137CED70322DF@m5tmail.m5t.com>
References: <AB5AF73EAF23304EA1B932174137CED70322DF@m5tmail.m5t.com>
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"; format=flowed
X-Spam-Checker-Version: SpamAssassin 2.60 (1.212-2003-09-23-exp) on 
	ietf-mx.ietf.org
X-Spam-Status: No, hits=2.0 required=5.0 tests=AWL autolearn=no version=2.60
Sender: avt-admin@ietf.org
Errors-To: avt-admin@ietf.org
X-BeenThere: avt@ietf.org
X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.12
Precedence: bulk
List-Unsubscribe: <https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt>,
	<mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=unsubscribe>
List-Id: Audio/Video Transport Working Group <avt.ietf.org>
List-Post: <mailto:avt@ietf.org>
List-Help: <mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=help>
List-Subscribe: <https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt>,
	<mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=subscribe>

hi
   Using both mechanisms is a lot of complexity and I'm hard pressed to 
find examples of when we would need two mechanisms, which do the same 
thing.  I don't like that final sentence in 8.1.1 in RFC 3711 because 
complexity undermines security and using both mechanisms is complex.

   From/To has the advantage of not adding a field to the packet, but it 
has the disadvantage of insecure interactions with the AES counter mode 
transform.  MKI adds a field but does not suffer from this problem.  I 
would choose one or the other but not both.

   As it is described below, use of both mechanisms is superfluous AFAICT.

Mark

At 05:56 AM 5/11/2004, Sylvain Latulippe wrote:

>Hi,
>
>My understanding is the following:
>
>Both mechanisms can be used whitin the same session. When using MKI, 
><From, To> mechanism can be used by the sender side for synchronizing key 
>transitions (re-keying).
>
>For example:
>
>A session is started and 2 keys (KEY_1 and KEY_2) are given to the session.
>
>Session parameters:
>KEY      FROM    TO        MKI
>KEY_1    0       10        1
>KEY_2    11      x         2
>
>The sender uses KEY_1 to encrypt packets with index 0 to 10. MKI = 1 is 
>also appended to packets 0 to 10. When building packet with index 11, the 
>sender switches to KEY_2 and appends MKI = 2 to the packet.
>
>On the receiver side, <From, To> is not required in this scenario. MKI is 
>extracted from the received packet and used to retrieve the right key.
>
>Sylvain
>
>
>
>
>-----Original Message-----
>From: avt-admin@ietf.org [mailto:avt-admin@ietf.org]On Behalf Of Ofer Goren
>Sent: 11 mai, 2004 07:35
>To: avt@ietf.org; srtp-users@lists.sourceforge.net
>Subject: [AVT] <From, To> and MKI, FRC 3711
>
>
>Hi.
>
>In RFC 3711, section 8.1.1, it says that "using the MKI does not exclude 
>using <From, To> key
>    lifetime simultaneously".
>
>As I understand it, both mechanisms can be used for the same session 
>simultaneously. However, does the <From, To> mechanism is MANDATORY to be 
>used every time (whether <From, To> is used or not), or can I omit it if 
>I'm using MKI?
>
>Thanks,
>
>Ofer.
>
>
>-------------------------------------------------------
>This SF.Net email is sponsored by Sleepycat Software
>Learn developer strategies Cisco, Motorola, Ericsson & Lucent use to
>deliver higher performing products faster, at low TCO.
>http://www.sleepycat.com/telcomwpreg.php?Fromdnemail3
>_______________________________________________
>Srtp-users mailing list
>Srtp-users@lists.sourceforge.net
>https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/srtp-users



_______________________________________________
Audio/Video Transport Working Group
avt@ietf.org
https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt



From exim@www1.ietf.org  Tue May 11 13:55:54 2004
Received: from optimus.ietf.org (iesg.org [132.151.1.19])
	by ietf.org (8.9.1a/8.9.1a) with ESMTP id NAA12319
	for <avt-archive@odin.ietf.org>; Tue, 11 May 2004 13:55:54 -0400 (EDT)
Received: from localhost.localdomain ([127.0.0.1] helo=www1.ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BNbNJ-0000HU-0R
	for avt-archive@odin.ietf.org; Tue, 11 May 2004 13:49:10 -0400
Received: (from exim@localhost)
	by www1.ietf.org (8.12.8/8.12.8/Submit) id i4BHn4sg001078
	for avt-archive@odin.ietf.org; Tue, 11 May 2004 13:49:04 -0400
Received: from localhost.localdomain ([127.0.0.1] helo=www1.ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BNb7m-0004RL-Gv; Tue, 11 May 2004 13:33:02 -0400
Received: from odin.ietf.org ([132.151.1.176] helo=ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BNawM-0001ah-9h
	for avt@optimus.ietf.org; Tue, 11 May 2004 13:21:18 -0400
Received: from ietf-mx (ietf-mx.ietf.org [132.151.6.1])
	by ietf.org (8.9.1a/8.9.1a) with ESMTP id NAA09887
	for <avt@ietf.org>; Tue, 11 May 2004 13:21:11 -0400 (EDT)
Received: from ietf-mx.ietf.org ([132.151.6.1] helo=ietf-mx)
	by ietf-mx with esmtp (Exim 4.32)
	id 1BNawK-0000P5-8J
	for avt@ietf.org; Tue, 11 May 2004 13:21:12 -0400
Received: from exim by ietf-mx with spam-scanned (Exim 4.12)
	id 1BNavL-0007mF-00
	for avt@ietf.org; Tue, 11 May 2004 13:20:12 -0400
Received: from go4.ext.ti.com ([192.91.75.132])
	by ietf-mx with esmtp (Exim 4.12)
	id 1BNaut-0007M4-00
	for avt@ietf.org; Tue, 11 May 2004 13:19:43 -0400
Received: from dlep91.itg.ti.com ([157.170.152.55])
	by go4.ext.ti.com (8.12.11/8.12.11) with ESMTP id i4BHJ7W4022000;
	Tue, 11 May 2004 12:19:08 -0500 (CDT)
Received: from tnint11.telogy.design.ti.com (localhost [127.0.0.1])
	by dlep91.itg.ti.com (8.12.11/8.12.11) with ESMTP id i4BHJ65t014798;
	Tue, 11 May 2004 12:19:07 -0500 (CDT)
Received: by tnint11.telogy.design.ti.com with Internet Mail Service (5.5.2653.19)
	id <K2W3NVT9>; Tue, 11 May 2004 13:18:37 -0400
Message-ID: <09DD40ABD88ACF4CB0D3CD84BB95296001B463@tnint11.telogy.design.ti.com>
From: "Mundra, Satish" <smundra@telogy.com>
To: "'Gunnar Hellstrom'" <gunnar.hellstrom@omnitor.se>,
        "Paul E. Jones"
	 <paulej@packetizer.com>, avt IETF <avt@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [avt]  Comments/questions on draft-ietf-avt-rfc2793bis-04
Date: Tue, 11 May 2004 13:18:35 -0400
MIME-Version: 1.0
X-Mailer: Internet Mail Service (5.5.2653.19)
Content-Type: text/plain;
	charset="iso-8859-1"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
X-Spam-Checker-Version: SpamAssassin 2.60 (1.212-2003-09-23-exp) on 
	ietf-mx.ietf.org
X-Spam-Status: No, hits=0.0 required=5.0 tests=none autolearn=no version=2.60
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
Sender: avt-admin@ietf.org
Errors-To: avt-admin@ietf.org
X-BeenThere: avt@ietf.org
X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.12
Precedence: bulk
List-Unsubscribe: <https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt>,
	<mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=unsubscribe>
List-Id: Audio/Video Transport Working Group <avt.ietf.org>
List-Post: <mailto:avt@ietf.org>
List-Help: <mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=help>
List-Subscribe: <https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt>,
	<mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=subscribe>
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable

Gunnar/Paul,

Thanks for summarizing the questions. The previous comments got
cross-posted, I have used=20
your latest posting for further debate on the questions/comments.=20
See comments inline...

Regards,

Satish Mundra

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Gunnar Hellstrom [mailto:gunnar.hellstrom@omnitor.se]=20
> Sent: Monday, May 10, 2004 6:29 PM
> To: Paul E. Jones; Mundra, Satish; avt IETF
> Subject: RE: [avt] Comments/questions on draft-ietf-avt-rfc2793bis-04
>=20
>=20
> Satish,
> I am eager to come to conclusions on your questions regarding=20
> draft-ietf-avt-rfc2793bis-04.
>=20
> Our (Paul=B4s and mine ) understanding regarding the questions are =
now:
>=20
> 1. Security risk to have the 16-bit T140block counter to=20
> always start at 0 in a session. I mentioned that loss in the=20
> beginning could be detected by the text stream not starting=20
> with the Unicode synchronization character, because the=20
> requirement to start with that code is clearly stated in=20
> T.140. So, that could be used and the counter could then=20
> start at a random value. However, also this session start=20
> code can be seen as a security risk with the same reason as=20
> the 0 counter would be one. Are not all media full of=20
> predictable bit patterns, like picture start headers, audio=20
> session parameters etc?
>=20
> We would like to hear more voices if it is important to start=20
> the counter at a random value, and instead rely on detection=20
> of initial loss by a missing Unicode Synchronization character.
>=20

See comments on the "t140block counter" below.
=20
> 2. M-bit for indication of start of text.
> You hint that we should specify that the M-bit SHALL be used=20
> as indicated in the AVT profile for indicating start of text=20
> initially in the stream and also after a gap. This could be=20
> used both to detect loss and in order to detect when=20
> suspected loss is only loss of empty text blocks.
>=20

Yes.

> Each M-bit is only sent once, so it does not get improved=20
> reliability by redundancy. We have a mechanism with marking=20
> missing text with a Unicode replacement character, specified=20
> in T.140. If in doubt, it is better to mark too much than too=20
> little, because there will be non-printable characters that=20
> will be marked by this character when lost. Therefore the=20
> users might know that there can be markers for missing text=20
> without any visible text missing.
>=20

Let me understand this again, the requirement for the payload format is =
to
NOT fail in detecting LOSS when occurs, misleading loss indicators are
unavoidable and seem to be acceptable. [see further comments on the =
block
counter below]

> So, for audio/t140, we can select between three methods for=20
> indicating the start of stream:  a. counter =3D0  b. M-bit  c.=20
> Unicode start of stream character
>=20

See comments on counter below.

> For text/t140, we can only select between two methods:
>  a. M-bit
>  b. Unicode start of stream character
>=20
> A missing M-bit does not give full information if a real text=20
> element is missing. The text might be received in redundant=20
> code.  But it can be used as a likely indication.
>=20
> The other methods are at least as reliable as the redundant=20
> transmission method used.
>=20
>=20
> For text during a session, we have the following problem:=20
> What is a gap? When shall the M-bit be set to 1? What is a =
text-spurt?
>=20

Borrowing from section 5.4 of draft(04), gap would be "no new T.140 =
data to
transmit after the transmit buffering interval described in section 5.1 =
has
passed".  This defines the text-spurt which is analogous to talkspurt.

The M-bit behavior is from (RFC3551): "For applications which send =
either no
packets or occasional comfort-noise packets during silence, the first =
packet
of a talkspurt, that is, the first packet after a silence period during
which packets have not been transmitted contiguously, SHOULD be
distinguished by setting the marker bit in the RTP data header to one."

> For text/t140, it is hard to find a good delimitation for=20
> when a text-spurt starts. There is no declaration of the time=20
> between the packets, just the buffering time that normally=20
> may be 300 ms, but may vary. For the text/red/t140 case,=20
> there could be a reason to use the M-bit, when only the=20
> primary data contains valid text. The other blocks should be=20
> empty or non-existing. That is the case after a pause.=20
> Detection of an M-bit can make sure that the risk is kept low=20
> for falsely marking loss of data during the pause. Without=20
> the use of the M-bit, falsely marking lost text will occur=20
> slightly more often.
>=20

The text-spurt starts with the packet that you transmit after a =
zero-length
block is transmitted, that happens whenever the T.140 buffering =
interval
expires and no new data=20
is available for transmission.


> For the plain text/t140 format, I do not see any need for=20
> marking the first packet after a longer pause.
>=20

It helps in situations when one can not include a zero-length block as
redundant data=20
because it's too old.=20

> For red/audio/t140 I see no need for the M-bit. The counter=20
> give a better reliability.
>=20

During a interval where text is transmitted contiguously, the =
block-counter
and the RTP sequence numbers are in sync. So I guess the counter is =
only
useful at the boundaries when
switchover between voice/text payload is occurring.  Under certain loss
scenarios or when both marker and zero-length blocks are lost one could =
have
misleading text loss-indicator which in any case are unavoidable. In =
either
case you would detect loss as required.

As I mentioned earlier, I am unconvinced about the usefulness of the =
block
counter. During contiguous text transmission the counter and RTP =
sequence
numbers are in sync. Even if marker is lost, one could sync to the =
first
sequence number that can be deriver or is present in the header. IMO,
different redundancy rules for text/t140 and audio/t140 can be unified =
and
implementation simplified.=20

> The current RFC2793 does not specify the use of the M-bit.=20
> RFC2793bis should be compatible with RFC2793 for text/t140=20
> and text/red/t140. Using the M-bit for RFC2793 bis would be a=20
> step off from that direction.
>=20
> Anyway, it does little harm, so if there are voices for it,=20
> we could say that the transmitter MUST use the M-bit to=20
> indicate start of stream, and start after a pause. The=20
> receiver MAY use it for detection of loss.
>=20
>=20
> Please advice
>=20
> Regards
>=20
> Gunnar
> --------------------------------------------------------------
> -------------
> -------
>=20
>=20
> Satish,
> Further answers inline,
>=20
> Gunnar
>=20
> -------------------------------------------
> Gunnar Hellstr=F6m
> Omnitor AB
> Renathv=E4gen 2
> SE 121 37 Johanneshov
> SWEDEN
> +46 8 556 002 03
> Mob: +46 708 204 288
> www.omnitor.se
> Gunnar.Hellstrom@Omnitor.se
> --------------------------------------------
>=20
>=20
> > -----Original Message-----
> > From: Paul E. Jones [mailto:paulej@packetizer.com]
> > Sent: Thursday, May 06, 2004 11:10 PM
> > To: Mundra, Satish; 'Gunnar Hellstrom'; avt IETF
> > Subject: Re: [avt] Comments/questions on=20
> > draft-ietf-avt-rfc2793bis-03/04
> >
> >

X--------snip

_______________________________________________
Audio/Video Transport Working Group
avt@ietf.org
https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt



From exim@www1.ietf.org  Tue May 11 16:14:20 2004
Received: from optimus.ietf.org (www.iesg.org [132.151.1.19])
	by ietf.org (8.9.1a/8.9.1a) with ESMTP id QAA22173
	for <avt-archive@odin.ietf.org>; Tue, 11 May 2004 16:14:20 -0400 (EDT)
Received: from localhost.localdomain ([127.0.0.1] helo=www1.ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BNdZW-0006U6-W4
	for avt-archive@odin.ietf.org; Tue, 11 May 2004 16:09:57 -0400
Received: (from exim@localhost)
	by www1.ietf.org (8.12.8/8.12.8/Submit) id i4BK9ovZ024926
	for avt-archive@odin.ietf.org; Tue, 11 May 2004 16:09:50 -0400
Received: from localhost.localdomain ([127.0.0.1] helo=www1.ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BNdLC-0003p9-DX; Tue, 11 May 2004 15:55:02 -0400
Received: from odin.ietf.org ([132.151.1.176] helo=ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BNdHS-0002Yy-A3
	for avt@optimus.ietf.org; Tue, 11 May 2004 15:51:10 -0400
Received: from ietf-mx (ietf-mx.ietf.org [132.151.6.1])
	by ietf.org (8.9.1a/8.9.1a) with ESMTP id PAA20913
	for <avt@ietf.org>; Tue, 11 May 2004 15:51:07 -0400 (EDT)
Received: from ietf-mx.ietf.org ([132.151.6.1] helo=ietf-mx)
	by ietf-mx with esmtp (Exim 4.32)
	id 1BNdHQ-0003jc-Sy
	for avt@ietf.org; Tue, 11 May 2004 15:51:08 -0400
Received: from exim by ietf-mx with spam-scanned (Exim 4.12)
	id 1BNdGR-0003JT-00
	for avt@ietf.org; Tue, 11 May 2004 15:50:07 -0400
Received: from penguin.ericsson.se ([193.180.251.47])
	by ietf-mx with esmtp (Exim 4.12)
	id 1BNdG5-0002uS-00
	for avt@ietf.org; Tue, 11 May 2004 15:49:46 -0400
Received: from esealmw140.al.sw.ericsson.se ([153.88.254.121])
	by penguin.ericsson.se (8.12.10/8.12.10/WIREfire-1.8b) with ESMTP id i4BJniPA016621
	for <avt@ietf.org>; Tue, 11 May 2004 21:49:44 +0200 (MEST)
Received: from esealnt613.al.sw.ericsson.se ([153.88.254.125]) by esealmw140.al.sw.ericsson.se with Microsoft SMTPSVC(6.0.3790.0);
	 Tue, 11 May 2004 21:49:44 +0200
Received: from ericsson.com (eramoli_2k.er.ki.sw.ericsson.se [147.214.97.152]) by esealnt613.al.sw.ericsson.se with SMTP (Microsoft Exchange Internet Mail Service Version 5.5.2657.72)
	id KM93T9N2; Tue, 11 May 2004 21:49:43 +0200
Message-ID: <40A12E56.7040803@ericsson.com>
Date: Tue, 11 May 2004 21:49:42 +0200
X-Sybari-Trust: 34fa0fae 08d63d2e 09a997dd 00000138
From: =?ISO-8859-1?Q?Mats_N=E4slund?= <mats.naslund@ericsson.com>
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.0; en-US; rv:1.4) Gecko/20030624 Netscape/7.1 (ax)
X-Accept-Language: en-us, en
MIME-Version: 1.0
To: Mark Baugher <mbaugher@cisco.com>
CC: Sylvain Latulippe <slatulippe@m5t.com>, Ofer Goren <oferg@radvision.com>,
        avt@ietf.org, srtp-users@lists.sourceforge.net
Subject: Re: [Srtp-users] RE: [AVT] <From, To> and MKI, FRC 3711
References: <6.0.0.22.2.20040511082402.04335df8@mira-sjc5-6.cisco.com>
In-Reply-To: <6.0.0.22.2.20040511082402.04335df8@mira-sjc5-6.cisco.com>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii; format=flowed
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
X-OriginalArrivalTime: 11 May 2004 19:49:44.0004 (UTC) FILETIME=[1B3DD840:01C43791]
X-Spam-Checker-Version: SpamAssassin 2.60 (1.212-2003-09-23-exp) on 
	ietf-mx.ietf.org
X-Spam-Status: No, hits=0.0 required=5.0 tests=none autolearn=no version=2.60
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Sender: avt-admin@ietf.org
Errors-To: avt-admin@ietf.org
X-BeenThere: avt@ietf.org
X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.12
Precedence: bulk
List-Unsubscribe: <https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt>,
	<mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=unsubscribe>
List-Id: Audio/Video Transport Working Group <avt.ietf.org>
List-Post: <mailto:avt@ietf.org>
List-Help: <mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=help>
List-Subscribe: <https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt>,
	<mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=subscribe>
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit


Hi

What I think Mark refers to is a situation in which

- several SRTP streams share a master key, and,
- re-keying is based on From-To values.

If you use SRTP in this way (which RFC3711 recommends against)
the receiver may in some cases have problem determining the correct
key. However, there is really no "extra" security problems involved.
What *could* happen is a so-called two-time pad, but this would be
caused by a misstake by the sender, not by the receiver. Furthermore,
this key sharing is not allowed in RFC3711, unless you can guarantee
distinct SSRCs for the RTP sessions sharing the key. Whence, if you
(somehow) could guarantee such SSRC-distincness, two-time pads would
anyway not occur.

Cheers

/Mats

Mark Baugher wrote:

>hi
>   Using both mechanisms is a lot of complexity and I'm hard pressed to 
>find examples of when we would need two mechanisms, which do the same 
>thing.  I don't like that final sentence in 8.1.1 in RFC 3711 because 
>complexity undermines security and using both mechanisms is complex.
>
>   From/To has the advantage of not adding a field to the packet, but it 
>has the disadvantage of insecure interactions with the AES counter mode 
>transform.  MKI adds a field but does not suffer from this problem.  I 
>would choose one or the other but not both.
>
>   As it is described below, use of both mechanisms is superfluous AFAICT.
>
>Mark
>
>At 05:56 AM 5/11/2004, Sylvain Latulippe wrote:
>
>  
>
>>Hi,
>>
>>My understanding is the following:
>>
>>Both mechanisms can be used whitin the same session. When using MKI, 
>><From, To> mechanism can be used by the sender side for synchronizing key 
>>transitions (re-keying).
>>
>>For example:
>>
>>A session is started and 2 keys (KEY_1 and KEY_2) are given to the session.
>>
>>Session parameters:
>>KEY      FROM    TO        MKI
>>KEY_1    0       10        1
>>KEY_2    11      x         2
>>
>>The sender uses KEY_1 to encrypt packets with index 0 to 10. MKI = 1 is 
>>also appended to packets 0 to 10. When building packet with index 11, the 
>>sender switches to KEY_2 and appends MKI = 2 to the packet.
>>
>>On the receiver side, <From, To> is not required in this scenario. MKI is 
>>extracted from the received packet and used to retrieve the right key.
>>
>>Sylvain
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>-----Original Message-----
>>From: avt-admin@ietf.org [mailto:avt-admin@ietf.org]On Behalf Of Ofer Goren
>>Sent: 11 mai, 2004 07:35
>>To: avt@ietf.org; srtp-users@lists.sourceforge.net
>>Subject: [AVT] <From, To> and MKI, FRC 3711
>>
>>
>>Hi.
>>
>>In RFC 3711, section 8.1.1, it says that "using the MKI does not exclude 
>>using <From, To> key
>>   lifetime simultaneously".
>>
>>As I understand it, both mechanisms can be used for the same session 
>>simultaneously. However, does the <From, To> mechanism is MANDATORY to be 
>>used every time (whether <From, To> is used or not), or can I omit it if 
>>I'm using MKI?
>>
>>Thanks,
>>
>>Ofer.
>>
>>
>>-------------------------------------------------------
>>This SF.Net email is sponsored by Sleepycat Software
>>Learn developer strategies Cisco, Motorola, Ericsson & Lucent use to
>>deliver higher performing products faster, at low TCO.
>>http://www.sleepycat.com/telcomwpreg.php?Fromdnemail3
>>_______________________________________________
>>Srtp-users mailing list
>>Srtp-users@lists.sourceforge.net
>>https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/srtp-users
>>    
>>
>
>  
>



_______________________________________________
Audio/Video Transport Working Group
avt@ietf.org
https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt



From exim@www1.ietf.org  Tue May 11 18:58:34 2004
Received: from optimus.ietf.org (optimus.ietf.org [132.151.1.19])
	by ietf.org (8.9.1a/8.9.1a) with ESMTP id SAA04546
	for <avt-archive@odin.ietf.org>; Tue, 11 May 2004 18:58:34 -0400 (EDT)
Received: from localhost.localdomain ([127.0.0.1] helo=www1.ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BNg63-0007XX-8C
	for avt-archive@odin.ietf.org; Tue, 11 May 2004 18:51:38 -0400
Received: (from exim@localhost)
	by www1.ietf.org (8.12.8/8.12.8/Submit) id i4BMpZZ5028978
	for avt-archive@odin.ietf.org; Tue, 11 May 2004 18:51:35 -0400
Received: from localhost.localdomain ([127.0.0.1] helo=www1.ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BNg0f-0006Oq-5H; Tue, 11 May 2004 18:46:01 -0400
Received: from odin.ietf.org ([132.151.1.176] helo=ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BNfpM-00048Z-Jy
	for avt@optimus.ietf.org; Tue, 11 May 2004 18:34:21 -0400
Received: from ietf-mx (ietf-mx.ietf.org [132.151.6.1])
	by ietf.org (8.9.1a/8.9.1a) with ESMTP id SAA02991
	for <avt@ietf.org>; Tue, 11 May 2004 18:34:15 -0400 (EDT)
Received: from ietf-mx.ietf.org ([132.151.6.1] helo=ietf-mx)
	by ietf-mx with esmtp (Exim 4.32)
	id 1BNfpJ-00068c-He
	for avt@ietf.org; Tue, 11 May 2004 18:34:17 -0400
Received: from exim by ietf-mx with spam-scanned (Exim 4.12)
	id 1BNfoM-0005iz-00
	for avt@ietf.org; Tue, 11 May 2004 18:33:20 -0400
Received: from av3-2-sn4.m-sp.skanova.net ([81.228.10.113])
	by ietf-mx with esmtp (Exim 4.12)
	id 1BNfns-0005Bw-00
	for avt@ietf.org; Tue, 11 May 2004 18:32:48 -0400
Received: by av3-2-sn4.m-sp.skanova.net (Postfix, from userid 502)
	id DD07A37E93; Wed, 12 May 2004 00:32:07 +0200 (CEST)
Received: from smtp2-1-sn4.m-sp.skanova.net (smtp2-1-sn4.m-sp.skanova.net [81.228.10.183])
	by av3-2-sn4.m-sp.skanova.net (Postfix) with ESMTP
	id CDC9237E4F; Wed, 12 May 2004 00:32:07 +0200 (CEST)
Received: from vit (h53n2fls31o265.telia.com [217.208.189.53])
	by smtp2-1-sn4.m-sp.skanova.net (Postfix) with SMTP
	id 8DA7A37E50; Wed, 12 May 2004 00:32:07 +0200 (CEST)
From: "Gunnar Hellstrom" <gunnar.hellstrom@omnitor.se>
To: "Mundra, Satish" <smundra@telogy.com>,
        "Paul E. Jones" <paulej@packetizer.com>, "avt IETF" <avt@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [avt]  Comments/questions on draft-ietf-avt-rfc2793bis-04
Date: Wed, 12 May 2004 00:32:04 +0200
Message-ID: <BHEHLFPKIPMLPFNFAHJKCEEBEHAA.gunnar.hellstrom@omnitor.se>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain;
	charset="iso-8859-1"
X-Priority: 3 (Normal)
X-MSMail-Priority: Normal
X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook IMO, Build 9.0.2416 (9.0.2910.0)
In-Reply-To: <09DD40ABD88ACF4CB0D3CD84BB95296001B463@tnint11.telogy.design.ti.com>
X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1409
Importance: Normal
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
X-Spam-Checker-Version: SpamAssassin 2.60 (1.212-2003-09-23-exp) on 
	ietf-mx.ietf.org
X-Spam-Status: No, hits=0.1 required=5.0 tests=AWL autolearn=no version=2.60
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
Sender: avt-admin@ietf.org
Errors-To: avt-admin@ietf.org
X-BeenThere: avt@ietf.org
X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.12
Precedence: bulk
List-Unsubscribe: <https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt>,
	<mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=unsubscribe>
List-Id: Audio/Video Transport Working Group <avt.ietf.org>
List-Post: <mailto:avt@ietf.org>
List-Help: <mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=help>
List-Subscribe: <https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt>,
	<mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=subscribe>
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable

Satish,
I get the impression that your main goal with the discussion is to try to
find a format for audio/red/t140 that could allow us to drop the t140bloc=
k
counter from the format.

Is the reason saving bits?

We have had it there since August, with no major concerns, so it seems
acceptable to most reviewers.

You also want to use the M-bit as in RFC3551.
> The M-bit behavior is from (RFC3551): "For applications which
> send either no
> packets or occasional comfort-noise packets during silence, the
> first packet
> of a talkspurt, that is, the first packet after a silence period during
> which packets have not been transmitted contiguously, SHOULD be
> distinguished by setting the marker bit in the RTP data header to one."
That can be OK. But then you must not do anything drastic, such as adding=
 a
missing text marker just because the packet with the M-bit seems to be
missing. With 10% packet loss, 10% of the M-bits will be missing, but onl=
y
0.1% of text, if we are using primary and two redundant transmissions.

Would it be OK to you to take in the text about the M-bit from RFC3551?

Gunnar


-------------------------------------------
Gunnar Hellstr=F6m
Omnitor AB
Renathv=E4gen 2
SE 121 37 Johanneshov
SWEDEN
+46 8 556 002 03
Mob: +46 708 204 288
www.omnitor.se
Gunnar.Hellstrom@Omnitor.se
--------------------------------------------


> -----Original Message-----
> From: avt-admin@ietf.org [mailto:avt-admin@ietf.org]On Behalf Of Mundra=
,
> Satish
> Sent: Tuesday, May 11, 2004 7:19 PM
> To: 'Gunnar Hellstrom'; Paul E. Jones; avt IETF
> Subject: RE: [avt] Comments/questions on draft-ietf-avt-rfc2793bis-04
>
>
> Gunnar/Paul,
>
> Thanks for summarizing the questions. The previous comments got
> cross-posted, I have used
> your latest posting for further debate on the questions/comments.
> See comments inline...
>
> Regards,
>
> Satish Mundra
>
> > -----Original Message-----
> > From: Gunnar Hellstrom [mailto:gunnar.hellstrom@omnitor.se]
> > Sent: Monday, May 10, 2004 6:29 PM
> > To: Paul E. Jones; Mundra, Satish; avt IETF
> > Subject: RE: [avt] Comments/questions on draft-ietf-avt-rfc2793bis-04
> >
> >
> > Satish,
> > I am eager to come to conclusions on your questions regarding
> > draft-ietf-avt-rfc2793bis-04.
> >
> > Our (Paul=B4s and mine ) understanding regarding the questions are no=
w:
> >
> > 1. Security risk to have the 16-bit T140block counter to
> > always start at 0 in a session. I mentioned that loss in the
> > beginning could be detected by the text stream not starting
> > with the Unicode synchronization character, because the
> > requirement to start with that code is clearly stated in
> > T.140. So, that could be used and the counter could then
> > start at a random value. However, also this session start
> > code can be seen as a security risk with the same reason as
> > the 0 counter would be one. Are not all media full of
> > predictable bit patterns, like picture start headers, audio
> > session parameters etc?
> >
> > We would like to hear more voices if it is important to start
> > the counter at a random value, and instead rely on detection
> > of initial loss by a missing Unicode Synchronization character.
> >
>
> See comments on the "t140block counter" below.
>
> > 2. M-bit for indication of start of text.
> > You hint that we should specify that the M-bit SHALL be used
> > as indicated in the AVT profile for indicating start of text
> > initially in the stream and also after a gap. This could be
> > used both to detect loss and in order to detect when
> > suspected loss is only loss of empty text blocks.
> >
>
> Yes.
>
> > Each M-bit is only sent once, so it does not get improved
> > reliability by redundancy. We have a mechanism with marking
> > missing text with a Unicode replacement character, specified
> > in T.140. If in doubt, it is better to mark too much than too
> > little, because there will be non-printable characters that
> > will be marked by this character when lost. Therefore the
> > users might know that there can be markers for missing text
> > without any visible text missing.
> >
>
> Let me understand this again, the requirement for the payload
> format is to
> NOT fail in detecting LOSS when occurs, misleading loss indicators are
> unavoidable and seem to be acceptable. [see further comments on the blo=
ck
> counter below]
>
> > So, for audio/t140, we can select between three methods for
> > indicating the start of stream:  a. counter =3D0  b. M-bit  c.
> > Unicode start of stream character
> >
>
> See comments on counter below.
>
> > For text/t140, we can only select between two methods:
> >  a. M-bit
> >  b. Unicode start of stream character
> >
> > A missing M-bit does not give full information if a real text
> > element is missing. The text might be received in redundant
> > code.  But it can be used as a likely indication.
> >
> > The other methods are at least as reliable as the redundant
> > transmission method used.
> >
> >
> > For text during a session, we have the following problem:
> > What is a gap? When shall the M-bit be set to 1? What is a text-spurt=
?
> >
>
> Borrowing from section 5.4 of draft(04), gap would be "no new
> T.140 data to
> transmit after the transmit buffering interval described in
> section 5.1 has
> passed".  This defines the text-spurt which is analogous to talkspurt.
>
> The M-bit behavior is from (RFC3551): "For applications which
> send either no
> packets or occasional comfort-noise packets during silence, the
> first packet
> of a talkspurt, that is, the first packet after a silence period during
> which packets have not been transmitted contiguously, SHOULD be
> distinguished by setting the marker bit in the RTP data header to one."
>
> > For text/t140, it is hard to find a good delimitation for
> > when a text-spurt starts. There is no declaration of the time
> > between the packets, just the buffering time that normally
> > may be 300 ms, but may vary. For the text/red/t140 case,
> > there could be a reason to use the M-bit, when only the
> > primary data contains valid text. The other blocks should be
> > empty or non-existing. That is the case after a pause.
> > Detection of an M-bit can make sure that the risk is kept low
> > for falsely marking loss of data during the pause. Without
> > the use of the M-bit, falsely marking lost text will occur
> > slightly more often.
> >
>
> The text-spurt starts with the packet that you transmit after a
> zero-length
> block is transmitted, that happens whenever the T.140 buffering interva=
l
> expires and no new data
> is available for transmission.
>
>
> > For the plain text/t140 format, I do not see any need for
> > marking the first packet after a longer pause.
> >
>
> It helps in situations when one can not include a zero-length block as
> redundant data
> because it's too old.
>
> > For red/audio/t140 I see no need for the M-bit. The counter
> > give a better reliability.
> >
>
> During a interval where text is transmitted contiguously, the
> block-counter
> and the RTP sequence numbers are in sync. So I guess the counter is onl=
y
> useful at the boundaries when
> switchover between voice/text payload is occurring.  Under certain loss
> scenarios or when both marker and zero-length blocks are lost
> one could have
> misleading text loss-indicator which in any case are
> unavoidable. In either
> case you would detect loss as required.
>
> As I mentioned earlier, I am unconvinced about the usefulness of
> the block
> counter. During contiguous text transmission the counter and RTP sequen=
ce
> numbers are in sync. Even if marker is lost, one could sync to the firs=
t
> sequence number that can be deriver or is present in the header. IMO,
> different redundancy rules for text/t140 and audio/t140 can be
> unified and
> implementation simplified.
>
> > The current RFC2793 does not specify the use of the M-bit.
> > RFC2793bis should be compatible with RFC2793 for text/t140
> > and text/red/t140. Using the M-bit for RFC2793 bis would be a
> > step off from that direction.
> >
> > Anyway, it does little harm, so if there are voices for it,
> > we could say that the transmitter MUST use the M-bit to
> > indicate start of stream, and start after a pause. The
> > receiver MAY use it for detection of loss.
> >
> >
> > Please advice
> >
> > Regards
> >
> > Gunnar
> > --------------------------------------------------------------
> > -------------
> > -------
> >
> >
> > Satish,
> > Further answers inline,
> >
> > Gunnar
> >
> > -------------------------------------------
> > Gunnar Hellstr=F6m
> > Omnitor AB
> > Renathv=E4gen 2
> > SE 121 37 Johanneshov
> > SWEDEN
> > +46 8 556 002 03
> > Mob: +46 708 204 288
> > www.omnitor.se
> > Gunnar.Hellstrom@Omnitor.se
> > --------------------------------------------
> >
> >
> > > -----Original Message-----
> > > From: Paul E. Jones [mailto:paulej@packetizer.com]
> > > Sent: Thursday, May 06, 2004 11:10 PM
> > > To: Mundra, Satish; 'Gunnar Hellstrom'; avt IETF
> > > Subject: Re: [avt] Comments/questions on
> > > draft-ietf-avt-rfc2793bis-03/04
> > >
> > >
>
> X--------snip
>
> _______________________________________________
> Audio/Video Transport Working Group
> avt@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt
>
>



_______________________________________________
Audio/Video Transport Working Group
avt@ietf.org
https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt



From exim@www1.ietf.org  Tue May 11 19:57:50 2004
Received: from optimus.ietf.org (optimus.ietf.org [132.151.1.19])
	by ietf.org (8.9.1a/8.9.1a) with ESMTP id TAA07582
	for <avt-archive@odin.ietf.org>; Tue, 11 May 2004 19:57:50 -0400 (EDT)
Received: from localhost.localdomain ([127.0.0.1] helo=www1.ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BNh0A-0002ml-W9
	for avt-archive@odin.ietf.org; Tue, 11 May 2004 19:49:39 -0400
Received: (from exim@localhost)
	by www1.ietf.org (8.12.8/8.12.8/Submit) id i4BNnYci010696
	for avt-archive@odin.ietf.org; Tue, 11 May 2004 19:49:34 -0400
Received: from localhost.localdomain ([127.0.0.1] helo=www1.ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BNgo1-0000M9-U1; Tue, 11 May 2004 19:37:01 -0400
Received: from odin.ietf.org ([132.151.1.176] helo=ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BNghh-00071Y-Gt
	for avt@optimus.ietf.org; Tue, 11 May 2004 19:30:29 -0400
Received: from ietf-mx (ietf-mx.ietf.org [132.151.6.1])
	by ietf.org (8.9.1a/8.9.1a) with ESMTP id TAA06107
	for <avt@ietf.org>; Tue, 11 May 2004 19:30:27 -0400 (EDT)
Received: from ietf-mx.ietf.org ([132.151.6.1] helo=ietf-mx)
	by ietf-mx with esmtp (Exim 4.32)
	id 1BNghg-0007ec-07
	for avt@ietf.org; Tue, 11 May 2004 19:30:28 -0400
Received: from exim by ietf-mx with spam-scanned (Exim 4.12)
	id 1BNgge-0007Dc-00
	for avt@ietf.org; Tue, 11 May 2004 19:29:25 -0400
Received: from sj-iport-3-in.cisco.com ([171.71.176.72] helo=sj-iport-3.cisco.com)
	by ietf-mx with esmtp (Exim 4.12)
	id 1BNggE-0006mp-00
	for avt@ietf.org; Tue, 11 May 2004 19:28:58 -0400
Received: from sj-core-2.cisco.com (171.71.177.254)
  by sj-iport-3.cisco.com with ESMTP; 11 May 2004 15:34:25 +0000
Received: from mbaugher-w2k07.cisco.com (sjc-vpn1-280.cisco.com [10.21.97.24])
	by sj-core-2.cisco.com (8.12.10/8.12.6) with ESMTP id i4BNSNSv009707;
	Tue, 11 May 2004 16:28:24 -0700 (PDT)
Message-Id: <6.0.0.22.2.20040511162350.04282df8@mira-sjc5-6.cisco.com>
X-Sender: mbaugher@mira-sjc5-6.cisco.com
X-Mailer: QUALCOMM Windows Eudora Version 6.0.0.22
Date: Tue, 11 May 2004 16:28:22 -0700
To: Mats =?iso-8859-1?Q?N=E4slund?= <mats.naslund@ericsson.com>
From: Mark Baugher <mbaugher@cisco.com>
Subject: Re: [Srtp-users] RE: [AVT] <From, To> and MKI, FRC 3711
Cc: Sylvain Latulippe <slatulippe@m5t.com>, Ofer Goren <oferg@radvision.com>,
        avt@ietf.org, srtp-users@lists.sourceforge.net
In-Reply-To: <40A12E56.7040803@ericsson.com>
References: <6.0.0.22.2.20040511082402.04335df8@mira-sjc5-6.cisco.com>
 <40A12E56.7040803@ericsson.com>
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1"; format=flowed
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
X-Spam-Checker-Version: SpamAssassin 2.60 (1.212-2003-09-23-exp) on 
	ietf-mx.ietf.org
X-Spam-Status: No, hits=1.0 required=5.0 tests=AWL autolearn=no version=2.60
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
Sender: avt-admin@ietf.org
Errors-To: avt-admin@ietf.org
X-BeenThere: avt@ietf.org
X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.12
Precedence: bulk
List-Unsubscribe: <https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt>,
	<mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=unsubscribe>
List-Id: Audio/Video Transport Working Group <avt.ietf.org>
List-Post: <mailto:avt@ietf.org>
List-Help: <mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=help>
List-Subscribe: <https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt>,
	<mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=subscribe>
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable

Yes, I think calling the interactions "insecure" as I did is not
accurate.  There is the following issue as I see it:  An SRTP master
key can be associated with one or more session keys each having its
own sequence-number space.  So the master key per se does not have
a sequence-number space but from-to is used to determine when to
change master keys.  If the master key is always in one-one
relationship with a session key, then there is no ambiguity.
But if the master key is used to derive two or more session keys,
then the from-to is not well defined.

Is this "insecure?"  Probably not.

Mark
space.  So from-to works on
At 12:49 PM 5/11/2004, Mats N=E4slund wrote:

>Hi
>
>What I think Mark refers to is a situation in which
>
>- several SRTP streams share a master key, and,
>- re-keying is based on From-To values.
>
>If you use SRTP in this way (which RFC3711 recommends against)
>the receiver may in some cases have problem determining the correct
>key. However, there is really no "extra" security problems involved.
>What *could* happen is a so-called two-time pad, but this would be
>caused by a misstake by the sender, not by the receiver. Furthermore,
>this key sharing is not allowed in RFC3711, unless you can guarantee
>distinct SSRCs for the RTP sessions sharing the key. Whence, if you
>(somehow) could guarantee such SSRC-distincness, two-time pads would
>anyway not occur.
>
>Cheers
>
>/Mats
>
>Mark Baugher wrote:
>
>>hi
>>   Using both mechanisms is a lot of complexity and I'm hard pressed to=20
>> find examples of when we would need two mechanisms, which do the same=20
>> thing.  I don't like that final sentence in 8.1.1 in RFC 3711 because=20
>> complexity undermines security and using both mechanisms is complex.
>>
>>   From/To has the advantage of not adding a field to the packet, but it=
=20
>> has the disadvantage of insecure interactions with the AES counter mode=
=20
>> transform.  MKI adds a field but does not suffer from this problem.  I=20
>> would choose one or the other but not both.
>>
>>   As it is described below, use of both mechanisms is superfluous AFAICT.
>>
>>Mark
>>
>>At 05:56 AM 5/11/2004, Sylvain Latulippe wrote:
>>
>>
>>
>>>Hi,
>>>
>>>My understanding is the following:
>>>
>>>Both mechanisms can be used whitin the same session. When using MKI,=20
>>><From, To> mechanism can be used by the sender side for synchronizing=20
>>>key transitions (re-keying).
>>>
>>>For example:
>>>
>>>A session is started and 2 keys (KEY_1 and KEY_2) are given to the=
 session.
>>>
>>>Session parameters:
>>>KEY      FROM    TO        MKI
>>>KEY_1    0       10        1
>>>KEY_2    11      x         2
>>>
>>>The sender uses KEY_1 to encrypt packets with index 0 to 10. MKI =3D 1 is=
=20
>>>also appended to packets 0 to 10. When building packet with index 11,=20
>>>the sender switches to KEY_2 and appends MKI =3D 2 to the packet.
>>>
>>>On the receiver side, <From, To> is not required in this scenario. MKI=20
>>>is extracted from the received packet and used to retrieve the right key.
>>>
>>>Sylvain
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>>-----Original Message-----
>>>From: avt-admin@ietf.org [mailto:avt-admin@ietf.org]On Behalf Of Ofer=
 Goren
>>>Sent: 11 mai, 2004 07:35
>>>To: avt@ietf.org; srtp-users@lists.sourceforge.net
>>>Subject: [AVT] <From, To> and MKI, FRC 3711
>>>
>>>
>>>Hi.
>>>
>>>In RFC 3711, section 8.1.1, it says that "using the MKI does not exclude=
=20
>>>using <From, To> key
>>>   lifetime simultaneously".
>>>
>>>As I understand it, both mechanisms can be used for the same session=20
>>>simultaneously. However, does the <From, To> mechanism is MANDATORY to=20
>>>be used every time (whether <From, To> is used or not), or can I omit it=
=20
>>>if I'm using MKI?
>>>
>>>Thanks,
>>>
>>>Ofer.
>>>
>>>
>>>-------------------------------------------------------
>>>This SF.Net email is sponsored by Sleepycat Software
>>>Learn developer strategies Cisco, Motorola, Ericsson & Lucent use to
>>>deliver higher performing products faster, at low TCO.
>>>http://www.sleepycat.com/telcomwpreg.php?Fromdnemail3
>>>_______________________________________________
>>>Srtp-users mailing list
>>>Srtp-users@lists.sourceforge.net
>>>https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/srtp-users
>>>
>>
>>
>
>
>
>_______________________________________________
>Audio/Video Transport Working Group
>avt@ietf.org
>https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt



_______________________________________________
Audio/Video Transport Working Group
avt@ietf.org
https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt



From exim@www1.ietf.org  Wed May 12 04:44:08 2004
Received: from optimus.ietf.org (iesg.org [132.151.1.19])
	by ietf.org (8.9.1a/8.9.1a) with ESMTP id EAA17691
	for <avt-archive@odin.ietf.org>; Wed, 12 May 2004 04:44:07 -0400 (EDT)
Received: from localhost.localdomain ([127.0.0.1] helo=www1.ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BNpHY-0000vm-FI
	for avt-archive@odin.ietf.org; Wed, 12 May 2004 04:40:08 -0400
Received: (from exim@localhost)
	by www1.ietf.org (8.12.8/8.12.8/Submit) id i4C8e4eR003561
	for avt-archive@odin.ietf.org; Wed, 12 May 2004 04:40:04 -0400
Received: from localhost.localdomain ([127.0.0.1] helo=www1.ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BNp3M-0006LN-H8; Wed, 12 May 2004 04:25:24 -0400
Received: from odin.ietf.org ([132.151.1.176] helo=ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BNoyO-00055P-S0
	for avt@optimus.ietf.org; Wed, 12 May 2004 04:20:16 -0400
Received: from ietf-mx (ietf-mx.ietf.org [132.151.6.1])
	by ietf.org (8.9.1a/8.9.1a) with ESMTP id EAA16337
	for <avt@ietf.org>; Wed, 12 May 2004 04:20:14 -0400 (EDT)
Received: from ietf-mx.ietf.org ([132.151.6.1] helo=ietf-mx)
	by ietf-mx with esmtp (Exim 4.32)
	id 1BNoyL-00046V-UK
	for avt@ietf.org; Wed, 12 May 2004 04:20:14 -0400
Received: from exim by ietf-mx with spam-scanned (Exim 4.12)
	id 1BNoxP-0003ZH-00
	for avt@ietf.org; Wed, 12 May 2004 04:19:17 -0400
Received: from web61303.mail.yahoo.com ([216.155.196.146])
	by ietf-mx with smtp (Exim 4.12)
	id 1BNowB-0002X7-00
	for avt@ietf.org; Wed, 12 May 2004 04:17:59 -0400
Message-ID: <20040512081731.42959.qmail@web61303.mail.yahoo.com>
Received: from [80.74.106.2] by web61303.mail.yahoo.com via HTTP; Wed, 12 May 2004 01:17:31 PDT
Date: Wed, 12 May 2004 01:17:31 -0700 (PDT)
From: tal shahar <morgentuo@yahoo.com>
Subject: Re: [Srtp-users] RE: [AVT] <From, To> and MKI, FRC 3711
To: Mark Baugher <mbaugher@cisco.com>
Cc: AVT <avt@ietf.org>, SRTP <srtp-users@lists.sourceforge.net>
In-Reply-To: <6.0.0.22.2.20040511162350.04282df8@mira-sjc5-6.cisco.com>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: multipart/alternative; boundary="0-705932148-1084349851=:41696"
X-Spam-Checker-Version: SpamAssassin 2.60 (1.212-2003-09-23-exp) on 
	ietf-mx.ietf.org
X-Spam-Status: No, hits=0.2 required=5.0 tests=AWL,HTML_MESSAGE autolearn=no 
	version=2.60
Sender: avt-admin@ietf.org
Errors-To: avt-admin@ietf.org
X-BeenThere: avt@ietf.org
X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.12
Precedence: bulk
List-Unsubscribe: <https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt>,
	<mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=unsubscribe>
List-Id: Audio/Video Transport Working Group <avt.ietf.org>
List-Post: <mailto:avt@ietf.org>
List-Help: <mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=help>
List-Subscribe: <https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt>,
	<mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=subscribe>

--0-705932148-1084349851=:41696
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii
X-MIME-Autoconverted: from 8bit to quoted-printable by ietf.org id EAA16340
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable

hi Mark
I'm not sure I understand your point
do you suggest that one master key can have a few sets of SRTP session ke=
ys simultaniously in use ?
i.e. can it happen that for the same master key, different streams will h=
ave different SRTP session keys
I'm asking this since the procedure of deriving a session key from a give=
n master key does not include the use of SSRC - therefore I dont understa=
nd how different streams will have different session keys.
as for the <from, to>, as far as I understand ,this value is used to defi=
ne a master key "life time" ,it doesnt help you define a sequence number =
space per a session key ?

Mark Baugher <mbaugher@cisco.com> wrote:
Yes, I think calling the interactions "insecure" as I did is not
accurate. There is the following issue as I see it: An SRTP master
key can be associated with one or more session keys each having its
own sequence-number space. So the master key per se does not have
a sequence-number space but from-to is used to determine when to
change master keys. If the master key is always in one-one
relationship with a session key, then there is no ambiguity.
But if the master key is used to derive two or more session keys,
then the from-to is not well defined.

Is this "insecure?" Probably not.

Mark
space. So from-to works on
At 12:49 PM 5/11/2004, Mats N=E4slund wrote:

>Hi
>
>What I think Mark refers to is a situation in which
>
>- several SRTP streams share a master key, and,
>- re-keying is based on From-To values.
>
>If you use SRTP in this way (which RFC3711 recommends against)
>the receiver may in some cases have problem determining the correct
>key. However, there is really no "extra" security problems involved.
>What *could* happen is a so-called two-time pad, but this would be
>caused by a misstake by the sender, not by the receiver. Furthermore,
>this key sharing is not allowed in RFC3711, unless you can guarantee
>distinct SSRCs for the RTP sessions sharing the key. Whence, if you
>(somehow) could guarantee such SSRC-distincness, two-time pads would
>anyway not occur.
>
>Cheers
>
>/Mats
>
>Mark Baugher wrote:
>
>>hi
>> Using both mechanisms is a lot of complexity and I'm hard pressed to=20
>> find examples of when we would need two mechanisms, which do the same=20
>> thing. I don't like that final sentence in 8.1.1 in RFC 3711 because=20
>> complexity undermines security and using both mechanisms is complex.
>>
>> From/To has the advantage of not adding a field to the packet, but it=20
>> has the disadvantage of insecure interactions with the AES counter mod=
e=20
>> transform. MKI adds a field but does not suffer from this problem. I=20
>> would choose one or the other but not both.
>>
>> As it is described below, use of both mechanisms is superfluous AFAICT.
>>
>>Mark
>>
>>At 05:56 AM 5/11/2004, Sylvain Latulippe wrote:
>>
>>
>>
>>>Hi,
>>>
>>>My understanding is the following:
>>>
>>>Both mechanisms can be used whitin the same session. When using MKI,=20
>>> mechanism can be used by the sender side for synchronizing=20
>>>key transitions (re-keying).
>>>
>>>For example:
>>>
>>>A session is started and 2 keys (KEY_1 and KEY_2) are given to the ses=
sion.
>>>
>>>Session parameters:
>>>KEY FROM TO MKI
>>>KEY_1 0 10 1
>>>KEY_2 11 x 2
>>>
>>>The sender uses KEY_1 to encrypt packets with index 0 to 10. MKI =3D 1=
 is=20
>>>also appended to packets 0 to 10. When building packet with index 11,=20
>>>the sender switches to KEY_2 and appends MKI =3D 2 to the packet.
>>>
>>>On the receiver side, is not required in this scenario. MKI=20
>>>is extracted from the received packet and used to retrieve the right k=
ey.
>>>
>>>Sylvain
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>>-----Original Message-----
>>>From: avt-admin@ietf.org [mailto:avt-admin@ietf.org]On Behalf Of Ofer =
Goren
>>>Sent: 11 mai, 2004 07:35
>>>To: avt@ietf.org; srtp-users@lists.sourceforge.net
>>>Subject: [AVT] and MKI, FRC 3711
>>>
>>>
>>>Hi.
>>>
>>>In RFC 3711, section 8.1.1, it says that "using the MKI does not exclu=
de=20
>>>using key
>>> lifetime simultaneously".
>>>
>>>As I understand it, both mechanisms can be used for the same session=20
>>>simultaneously. However, does the mechanism is MANDATORY to=20
>>>be used every time (whether is used or not), or can I omit it=20
>>>if I'm using MKI?
>>>
>>>Thanks,
>>>
>>>Ofer.
>>>
>>>
>>>-------------------------------------------------------
>>>This SF.Net email is sponsored by Sleepycat Software
>>>Learn developer strategies Cisco, Motorola, Ericsson & Lucent use to
>>>deliver higher performing products faster, at low TCO.
>>>http://www.sleepycat.com/telcomwpreg.php?Fromdnemail3
>>>_______________________________________________
>>>Srtp-users mailing list
>>>Srtp-users@lists.sourceforge.net
>>>https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/srtp-users
>>>
>>
>>
>
>
>
>_______________________________________________
>Audio/Video Transport Working Group
>avt@ietf.org
>https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt



_______________________________________________
Audio/Video Transport Working Group
avt@ietf.org
https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt
	=09
---------------------------------
Do you Yahoo!?
Yahoo! Movies - Buy advance tickets for 'Shrek 2'=20
--0-705932148-1084349851=:41696
Content-Type: text/html; charset=us-ascii
X-MIME-Autoconverted: from 8bit to quoted-printable by ietf.org id EAA16340
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable

<DIV>hi Mark</DIV>
<DIV>I'm not sure I understand your point</DIV>
<DIV>do you suggest that one master key can have a few sets of SRTP sessi=
on keys simultaniously in use ?</DIV>
<DIV>i.e. can it happen that for the same master key, different streams w=
ill have different SRTP session keys</DIV>
<DIV>I'm asking this since the procedure of deriving a session key from a=
 given master key does not include the use of SSRC - therefore I dont und=
erstand how different streams will have different&nbsp;session keys.</DIV=
>
<DIV>as for the &lt;from, to&gt;, as far as I understand ,this value is u=
sed to define a <STRONG>master key </STRONG>"life time" ,it doesnt help y=
ou define a sequence number space per a session key ?<BR><BR><I><STRONG>M=
ark Baugher &lt;mbaugher@cisco.com&gt;</STRONG></I> wrote:</DIV>
<BLOCKQUOTE class=3Dreplbq style=3D"BORDER-LEFT: #1010ff 2px solid; MARGI=
N-LEFT: 5px; PADDING-LEFT: 5px">Yes, I think calling the interactions "in=
secure" as I did is not<BR>accurate. There is the following issue as I se=
e it: An SRTP master<BR>key can be associated with one or more session ke=
ys each having its<BR>own sequence-number space. So the master key per se=
 does not have<BR>a sequence-number space but from-to is used to determin=
e when to<BR>change master keys. If the master key is always in one-one<B=
R>relationship with a session key, then there is no ambiguity.<BR>But if =
the master key is used to derive two or more session keys,<BR>then the fr=
om-to is not well defined.<BR><BR>Is this "insecure?" Probably not.<BR><B=
R>Mark<BR>space. So from-to works on<BR>At 12:49 PM 5/11/2004, Mats N=E4s=
lund wrote:<BR><BR>&gt;Hi<BR>&gt;<BR>&gt;What I think Mark refers to is a=
 situation in which<BR>&gt;<BR>&gt;- several SRTP streams share a master =
key, and,<BR>&gt;- re-keying is based on From-To
 values.<BR>&gt;<BR>&gt;If you use SRTP in this way (which RFC3711 recomm=
ends against)<BR>&gt;the receiver may in some cases have problem determin=
ing the correct<BR>&gt;key. However, there is really no "extra" security =
problems involved.<BR>&gt;What *could* happen is a so-called two-time pad=
, but this would be<BR>&gt;caused by a misstake by the sender, not by the=
 receiver. Furthermore,<BR>&gt;this key sharing is not allowed in RFC3711=
, unless you can guarantee<BR>&gt;distinct SSRCs for the RTP sessions sha=
ring the key. Whence, if you<BR>&gt;(somehow) could guarantee such SSRC-d=
istincness, two-time pads would<BR>&gt;anyway not occur.<BR>&gt;<BR>&gt;C=
heers<BR>&gt;<BR>&gt;/Mats<BR>&gt;<BR>&gt;Mark Baugher wrote:<BR>&gt;<BR>=
&gt;&gt;hi<BR>&gt;&gt; Using both mechanisms is a lot of complexity and I=
'm hard pressed to <BR>&gt;&gt; find examples of when we would need two m=
echanisms, which do the same <BR>&gt;&gt; thing. I don't like that final =
sentence in 8.1.1 in RFC 3711 because
 <BR>&gt;&gt; complexity undermines security and using both mechanisms is=
 complex.<BR>&gt;&gt;<BR>&gt;&gt; From/To has the advantage of not adding=
 a field to the packet, but it <BR>&gt;&gt; has the disadvantage of insec=
ure interactions with the AES counter mode <BR>&gt;&gt; transform. MKI ad=
ds a field but does not suffer from this problem. I <BR>&gt;&gt; would ch=
oose one or the other but not both.<BR>&gt;&gt;<BR>&gt;&gt; As it is desc=
ribed below, use of both mechanisms is superfluous AFAICT.<BR>&gt;&gt;<BR=
>&gt;&gt;Mark<BR>&gt;&gt;<BR>&gt;&gt;At 05:56 AM 5/11/2004, Sylvain Latul=
ippe wrote:<BR>&gt;&gt;<BR>&gt;&gt;<BR>&gt;&gt;<BR>&gt;&gt;&gt;Hi,<BR>&gt=
;&gt;&gt;<BR>&gt;&gt;&gt;My understanding is the following:<BR>&gt;&gt;&g=
t;<BR>&gt;&gt;&gt;Both mechanisms can be used whitin the same session. Wh=
en using MKI, <BR>&gt;&gt;&gt;<FROM, To> mechanism can be used by the sen=
der side for synchronizing <BR>&gt;&gt;&gt;key transitions (re-keying).<B=
R>&gt;&gt;&gt;<BR>&gt;&gt;&gt;For
 example:<BR>&gt;&gt;&gt;<BR>&gt;&gt;&gt;A session is started and 2 keys =
(KEY_1 and KEY_2) are given to the session.<BR>&gt;&gt;&gt;<BR>&gt;&gt;&g=
t;Session parameters:<BR>&gt;&gt;&gt;KEY FROM TO MKI<BR>&gt;&gt;&gt;KEY_1=
 0 10 1<BR>&gt;&gt;&gt;KEY_2 11 x 2<BR>&gt;&gt;&gt;<BR>&gt;&gt;&gt;The se=
nder uses KEY_1 to encrypt packets with index 0 to 10. MKI =3D 1 is <BR>&=
gt;&gt;&gt;also appended to packets 0 to 10. When building packet with in=
dex 11, <BR>&gt;&gt;&gt;the sender switches to KEY_2 and appends MKI =3D =
2 to the packet.<BR>&gt;&gt;&gt;<BR>&gt;&gt;&gt;On the receiver side, <FR=
OM, To>is not required in this scenario. MKI <BR>&gt;&gt;&gt;is extracted=
 from the received packet and used to retrieve the right key.<BR>&gt;&gt;=
&gt;<BR>&gt;&gt;&gt;Sylvain<BR>&gt;&gt;&gt;<BR>&gt;&gt;&gt;<BR>&gt;&gt;&g=
t;<BR>&gt;&gt;&gt;<BR>&gt;&gt;&gt;-----Original Message-----<BR>&gt;&gt;&=
gt;From: avt-admin@ietf.org [mailto:avt-admin@ietf.org]On Behalf Of Ofer =
Goren<BR>&gt;&&gt;&gt;Sent: 11 mai, 2004
 07:35<BR>&gt;&gt;&gt;To: avt@ietf.org; srtp-users@lists.sourceforge.net<=
BR>&gt;&gt;&gt;Subject: [AVT] <FROM, To>and MKI, FRC 3711<BR>&gt;&gt;&gt;=
<BR>&gt;&gt;&gt;<BR>&gt;&gt;&gt;Hi.<BR>&gt;&gt;&gt;<BR>&gt;&gt;&gt;In RFC=
 3711, section 8.1.1, it says that "using the MKI does not exclude <BR>&g=
t;&gt;&gt;using <FROM, To>key<BR>&gt;&gt;&gt; lifetime simultaneously".<B=
R>&gt;&gt;&gt;<BR>&gt;&gt;&gt;As I understand it, both mechanisms can be =
used for the same session <BR>&gt;&gt;&gt;simultaneously. However, does t=
he <FROM, To>mechanism is MANDATORY to <BR>&gt;&gt;&gt;be used every time=
 (whether <FROM, To>is used or not), or can I omit it <BR>&gt;&gt;&gt;if =
I'm using MKI?<BR>&gt;&gt;&gt;<BR>&gt;&gt;&gt;Thanks,<BR>&gt;&gt;&gt;<BR>=
&gt;&gt;&gt;Ofer.<BR>&gt;&gt;&gt;<BR>&gt;&gt;&gt;<BR>&gt;&gt;&gt;--------=
-----------------------------------------------<BR>&gt;&gt;&gt;This SF.Ne=
t email is sponsored by Sleepycat Software<BRR>&gt;&gt;&gt;Learn develope=
r strategies Cisco, Motorola, Ericsson &amp;
 Lucent use to<BR>&gt;&gt;&gt;deliver higher performing products faster, =
at low TCO.<BR>&gt;&gt;&gt;http://www.sleepycat.com/telcomwpreg.php?Fromd=
nemail3<BR>&gt;&gt;&gt;_______________________________________________<BR=
>&gt;&gt;&gt;Srtp-users mailing list<BR>&gt;&gt;&gt;Srtp-users@lists.sour=
ceforge.net<BR>&gt;&gt;&gt;https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/s=
rtp-users<BR>&gt;&gt;&gt;<BR>&gt;&gt;<BR>&gt;&gt;<BR>&gt;<BR>&gt;<BR>&gt;=
<BR>&gt;_______________________________________________<BR>&gt;Audio/Vide=
o Transport Working Group<BR>&gt;avt@ietf.org<BR>&gt;https://www1.ietf.or=
g/mailman/listinfo/avt<BR><BR><BR><BR>___________________________________=
____________<BR>Audio/Video Transport Working Group<BR>avt@ietf.org<BR>ht=
tps://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt</BLOCKQUOTE><p>
		<hr size=3D1><font face=3Darial size=3D-1>Do you Yahoo!?<br>Yahoo! Movi=
es - <a href=3D"http://movies.yahoo.com/showtimes/movie?mid=3D1808405861"=
>Buy advance tickets for 'Shrek 2' </a>
--0-705932148-1084349851=:41696--

_______________________________________________
Audio/Video Transport Working Group
avt@ietf.org
https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt



From exim@www1.ietf.org  Wed May 12 05:21:10 2004
Received: from optimus.ietf.org (iesg.org [132.151.1.19])
	by ietf.org (8.9.1a/8.9.1a) with ESMTP id FAA19454
	for <avt-archive@odin.ietf.org>; Wed, 12 May 2004 05:21:10 -0400 (EDT)
Received: from localhost.localdomain ([127.0.0.1] helo=www1.ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BNpsp-0002pn-93
	for avt-archive@odin.ietf.org; Wed, 12 May 2004 05:18:35 -0400
Received: (from exim@localhost)
	by www1.ietf.org (8.12.8/8.12.8/Submit) id i4C9IZK1010896
	for avt-archive@odin.ietf.org; Wed, 12 May 2004 05:18:35 -0400
Received: from localhost.localdomain ([127.0.0.1] helo=www1.ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BNpka-0001Sd-EB; Wed, 12 May 2004 05:10:04 -0400
Received: from odin.ietf.org ([132.151.1.176] helo=ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BNpgQ-0000R8-Kr
	for avt@optimus.ietf.org; Wed, 12 May 2004 05:05:46 -0400
Received: from ietf-mx (ietf-mx.ietf.org [132.151.6.1])
	by ietf.org (8.9.1a/8.9.1a) with ESMTP id FAA18871
	for <avt@ietf.org>; Wed, 12 May 2004 05:05:44 -0400 (EDT)
Received: from ietf-mx.ietf.org ([132.151.6.1] helo=ietf-mx)
	by ietf-mx with esmtp (Exim 4.32)
	id 1BNpgN-000455-FY
	for avt@ietf.org; Wed, 12 May 2004 05:05:43 -0400
Received: from exim by ietf-mx with spam-scanned (Exim 4.12)
	id 1BNpfR-0003bX-00
	for avt@ietf.org; Wed, 12 May 2004 05:04:46 -0400
Received: from web61310.mail.yahoo.com ([216.155.196.153])
	by ietf-mx with smtp (Exim 4.12)
	id 1BNpf2-00037q-00
	for avt@ietf.org; Wed, 12 May 2004 05:04:20 -0400
Message-ID: <20040512090351.25785.qmail@web61310.mail.yahoo.com>
Received: from [80.74.106.2] by web61310.mail.yahoo.com via HTTP; Wed, 12 May 2004 02:03:51 PDT
Date: Wed, 12 May 2004 02:03:51 -0700 (PDT)
From: tal shahar <morgentuo@yahoo.com>
Subject: Re: [Srtp-users] [AVT] RFC 3711 - questions about cryptographic context
To: "David A. McGrew" <mcgrew@cisco.com>
Cc: AVT <avt@ietf.org>, SRTP <srtp-users@lists.sourceforge.net>
In-Reply-To: <3F8F83C8-A3B2-11D8-8B31-0003935495EC@cisco.com>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: multipart/alternative; boundary="0-1249633816-1084352631=:24515"
X-Spam-Checker-Version: SpamAssassin 2.60 (1.212-2003-09-23-exp) on 
	ietf-mx.ietf.org
X-Spam-Status: No, hits=0.2 required=5.0 tests=AWL,HTML_MESSAGE autolearn=no 
	version=2.60
Sender: avt-admin@ietf.org
Errors-To: avt-admin@ietf.org
X-BeenThere: avt@ietf.org
X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.12
Precedence: bulk
List-Unsubscribe: <https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt>,
	<mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=unsubscribe>
List-Id: Audio/Video Transport Working Group <avt.ietf.org>
List-Post: <mailto:avt@ietf.org>
List-Help: <mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=help>
List-Subscribe: <https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt>,
	<mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=subscribe>

--0-1249633816-1084352631=:24515
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii

hi David and thanks again
I didnt define my question properly, the question is whether a key exchange will give me a list of <from, to> / MKI and their master key along. or will I get one at a time.
if I understand correct, the key exchange protocol can decide on giving me all (or some) of the keys in advance - this will require me (the SRTP implementation) to do something like switching master keys for the appropriate index - is it right ?
 
about the second question 
we were pondring this issue for quite a while
as far as I can understand the RFC does lean torward having the SRTP triggering this process
I'd like to quote a few things from the RFC, please tell me what you think
1. 8.1. SRTP senders SHALL count the amount of SRTP and SRTCP traffic being used for a master key and invoke key management to re-key if needed.
2. (9.2) That is, when 2^48 SRTP packets or 2^31 SRTCP packets have been secured
   with the same key (whichever occurs before), the key management MUST be called to provide new master key(s)
3. (11.2) If there are more than one SRTP/SRTCP stream (within the same RTP session) that share the master key, the upper limit of 2^48 SRTP packets / 2^31 SRTCP packets means that, before one of the streams reaches its maximum number of packets, re-keying MUST be triggered on ALL streams sharing the master key.  
 
thanks a lot
Tal
"David A. McGrew" <mcgrew@cisco.com> wrote:
Tal,

On May 10, 2004, at 12:22 AM, tal shahar wrote:

> sorry, I missed the attachment
>
> Note: forwarded message attached.
>
> Do you Yahoo!?
> Win a $20,000 Career Makeover at Yahoo! HotJobs
> From: tal shahar 
> Date: May 9, 2004 7:26:00 AM PDT
> To: "David A. McGrew" 
> Subject: Re: [Srtp-users] [AVT] RFC 3711 - questions about 
> cryptographic context
>
>
> David hi and thanks a lot
> as far as I understand, the key exchange protocol provides you with 
> the value.
> so ,does the key exchange give you a bunch of values and 
> their corresponding keys.
> another question, does this apply also to the MKI implementation, i.e. 
> the key exchange provides you with a list of MKIs and their 
> corresponding keys.

Yes, if you're using an MKI, then the key management protocol will need 
to supply that value along with the key. Similarly, if a 
packet index pair is associated with a key, then the pair would need to 
be communicated with the key.

This is described in Section 8.2. of RFC 3711, "Key Management 
Parameters".

>  
> it is also not totally clear to me whether the sender triggers the 
> re-keying or should it be triggered in the key exchange protocol, and 
> the sender should just enforce it

Good question, and it is clearly and important system design point. 
SRTP doesn't dictate how this is done. Clearly a key management system 
can provide new keys to an SRTP implementation, e.g. "here's a new key 
and the MKI to go with it". Also, an SRTP layer could trigger key 
management into getting new keys for it, though that is out of the 
scope of the RFC.

In libSRTP, there is an event/callback system by which SRTP can 
indicate to another system that some interesting event happened (see 
Section 4.3 of the "libSRTP 1.3 Overview and Reference Manual"). Two 
of these events are:

event_key_soft_limit An SRTP stream reached the soft key usage limit 
and will expire soon.
event_key_hard_limit An SRTP stream reached the hard key usage limit 
and has expired.

So the callback can recognize a key-expiration event and could call a 
key management function. Of course, the key management system would 
need to get the new key to all of the participants in the SRTP session.

David

>
> "David A. McGrew" wrote:
> Tal,
>
> On May 9, 2004, at 2:03 AM, tal shahar wrote:
>
> > hi
> > in 3.2.1.  Transform-independent parameters
> > 1. the RFC states that the cryptographic context should hold the the
> > master key(s)
> > assuming I wish to have SRTP and SRTCP sharing the same master key,
> > what is the situation where I have more than one key
>
> if I understand right, you are wondering why the "(s)" appears in the
> quote from the RFC. This is because there might be multiple master
> keys, each of which is used for a particular range of the packet index
> (that is, the 48-bit integer that is the concatenation of the ROC and
> the sequence number). libSRTP does not support this facility, and I
> expect that the vast majority of users won't miss it.
>
>
> > 2. if I have only one master key, why do I need to hold the MKI
>
> You don't, though you might need to store the fact that you are not
> using an MKI. libSRTP does not support MKIs as of yet. I don't think
> that it would be hard to add this feature.
>
> David
>
> >  
> > thanks a lot
> > tal
> >
> > Do you Yahoo!?
> > Win a $20,000 Career Makeover at Yahoo! HotJobs
>
> Do you Yahoo!?
> Win a $20,000 Career Makeover at Yahoo! HotJobs
		
---------------------------------
Do you Yahoo!?
Yahoo! Movies - Buy advance tickets for 'Shrek 2' 
--0-1249633816-1084352631=:24515
Content-Type: text/html; charset=us-ascii

<DIV>hi David and thanks again</DIV>
<DIV>I didnt define my question properly, the question is whether a key exchange will give me a list of &lt;from, to&gt; / MKI and their master key along. or will I get one at a time.</DIV>
<DIV>if I understand correct, the key exchange protocol can decide on giving me all (or some) of the keys in advance - this will require me (the SRTP implementation) to do something like switching master keys&nbsp;for the appropriate index - is it right ?</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>about the second question </DIV>
<DIV>we were pondring this issue for quite a while</DIV>
<DIV>as far as I can understand the RFC does lean torward having the SRTP triggering this process</DIV>
<DIV>I'd like to quote a few things from the RFC, please tell me what you think</DIV>
<DIV>1. 8.1. SRTP senders SHALL count the amount of SRTP and SRTCP traffic being&nbsp;used for a master key and <STRONG>invoke </STRONG>key management to re-key if needed.</DIV>
<DIV>2. (9.2) That&nbsp;is, when 2^48 SRTP packets or 2^31 SRTCP packets have been secured<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp; with the same key (whichever occurs before), the key management MUST&nbsp;be <STRONG>called </STRONG>to provide new master key(s)<BR>3. (11.2) If there are more than one SRTP/SRTCP stream (within the same RTP&nbsp;session) that share the master key, the upper limit of 2^48 SRTP&nbsp;packets / 2^31 SRTCP packets means that, before one of the streams&nbsp;reaches its maximum number of packets, re-keying MUST be <STRONG>triggered </STRONG>on&nbsp;ALL streams sharing the master key.&nbsp; </DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>thanks a lot</DIV>
<DIV>Tal<BR><B><I>"David A. McGrew" &lt;mcgrew@cisco.com&gt;</I></B> wrote:</DIV>
<BLOCKQUOTE class=replbq style="BORDER-LEFT: #1010ff 2px solid; MARGIN-LEFT: 5px; PADDING-LEFT: 5px">Tal,<BR><BR>On May 10, 2004, at 12:22 AM, tal shahar wrote:<BR><BR>&gt; sorry, I missed the attachment<BR>&gt;<BR>&gt; Note: forwarded message attached.<BR>&gt;<BR>&gt; Do you Yahoo!?<BR>&gt; Win a $20,000 Career Makeover at Yahoo! HotJobs<BR>&gt; From: tal shahar <MORGENTUO@YAHOO.COM><BR>&gt; Date: May 9, 2004 7:26:00 AM PDT<BR>&gt; To: "David A. McGrew" <MCGREW@CISCO.COM><BR>&gt; Subject: Re: [Srtp-users] [AVT] RFC 3711 - questions about <BR>&gt; cryptographic context<BR>&gt;<BR>&gt;<BR>&gt; David hi and thanks a lot<BR>&gt; as far as I understand, the key exchange protocol provides you with <BR>&gt; the <FROM, to>value.<BR>&gt; so ,does the key exchange give you a bunch of <FROM, to>values and <BR>&gt; their corresponding keys.<BR>&gt; another question, does this apply also to the MKI implementation, i.e. <BR>&gt; the key exchange provides you with a list of MKIs and their!
  <BR>&gt;
 corresponding keys.<BR><BR>Yes, if you're using an MKI, then the key management protocol will need <BR>to supply that value along with the key. Similarly, if a <FROM, to><BR>packet index pair is associated with a key, then the pair would need to <BR>be communicated with the key.<BR><BR>This is described in Section 8.2. of RFC 3711, "Key Management <BR>Parameters".<BR><BR>&gt; &nbsp;<BR>&gt; it is also not totally clear to me whether the sender triggers the <BR>&gt; re-keying or should it be triggered in the key exchange protocol, and <BR>&gt; the sender should just enforce it<BR><BR>Good question, and it is clearly and important system design point. <BR>SRTP doesn't dictate how this is done. Clearly a key management system <BR>can provide new keys to an SRTP implementation, e.g. "here's a new key <BR>and the MKI to go with it". Also, an SRTP layer could trigger key <BR>management into getting new keys for it, though that is out of the <BR>scope of the RFC.<BR><BR>In libSRTP!
 , there
 is an event/callback system by which SRTP can <BR>indicate to another system that some interesting event happened (see <BR>Section 4.3 of the "libSRTP 1.3 Overview and Reference Manual"). Two <BR>of these events are:<BR><BR>event_key_soft_limit An SRTP stream reached the soft key usage limit <BR>and will expire soon.<BR>event_key_hard_limit An SRTP stream reached the hard key usage limit <BR>and has expired.<BR><BR>So the callback can recognize a key-expiration event and could call a <BR>key management function. Of course, the key management system would <BR>need to get the new key to all of the participants in the SRTP session.<BR><BR>David<BR><BR>&gt;<BR>&gt; "David A. McGrew" <MCGREW@CISCO.COM>wrote:<BR>&gt; Tal,<BR>&gt;<BR>&gt; On May 9, 2004, at 2:03 AM, tal shahar wrote:<BR>&gt;<BR>&gt; &gt; hi<BR>&gt; &gt; in 3.2.1.&nbsp; Transform-independent parameters<BR>&gt; &gt; 1. the RFC states that the cryptographic context should hold the the<BR>&gt; &gt; master key(s)<BR>&g!
 t; &gt;
 assuming I wish to have SRTP and SRTCP sharing the same master key,<BR>&gt; &gt; what is the situation where I have more than one key<BR>&gt;<BR>&gt; if I understand right, you are wondering why the "(s)" appears in the<BR>&gt; quote from the RFC. This is because there might be multiple master<BR>&gt; keys, each of which is used for a particular range of the packet index<BR>&gt; (that is, the 48-bit integer that is the concatenation of the ROC and<BR>&gt; the sequence number). libSRTP does not support this facility, and I<BR>&gt; expect that the vast majority of users won't miss it.<BR>&gt;<BR>&gt;<BR>&gt; &gt; 2. if I have only one master key, why do I need to hold the MKI<BR>&gt;<BR>&gt; You don't, though you might need to store the fact that you are not<BR>&gt; using an MKI. libSRTP does not support MKIs as of yet. I don't think<BR>&gt; that it would be hard to add this feature.<BR>&gt;<BR>&gt; David<BR>&gt;<BR>&gt; &gt; &nbsp;<BR>&gt; &gt; thanks a lot<BR>&gt; &gt; tal<!
 BR>&gt;
 &gt;<BR>&gt; &gt; Do you Yahoo!?<BR>&gt; &gt; Win a $20,000 Career Makeover at Yahoo! HotJobs<BR>&gt;<BR>&gt; Do you Yahoo!?<BR>&gt; Win a $20,000 Career Makeover at Yahoo! HotJobs</BLOCKQUOTE><p>
		<hr size=1><font face=arial size=-1>Do you Yahoo!?<br>Yahoo! Movies - <a href="http://movies.yahoo.com/showtimes/movie?mid=1808405861">Buy advance tickets for 'Shrek 2' </a>
--0-1249633816-1084352631=:24515--

_______________________________________________
Audio/Video Transport Working Group
avt@ietf.org
https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt



From exim@www1.ietf.org  Wed May 12 06:26:11 2004
Received: from optimus.ietf.org (www.iesg.org [132.151.1.19])
	by ietf.org (8.9.1a/8.9.1a) with ESMTP id GAA21992
	for <avt-archive@odin.ietf.org>; Wed, 12 May 2004 06:26:11 -0400 (EDT)
Received: from localhost.localdomain ([127.0.0.1] helo=www1.ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BNqpB-0007Ku-59
	for avt-archive@odin.ietf.org; Wed, 12 May 2004 06:18:53 -0400
Received: (from exim@localhost)
	by www1.ietf.org (8.12.8/8.12.8/Submit) id i4CAIrd9028195
	for avt-archive@odin.ietf.org; Wed, 12 May 2004 06:18:53 -0400
Received: from localhost.localdomain ([127.0.0.1] helo=www1.ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BNqiW-0005HN-QY; Wed, 12 May 2004 06:12:00 -0400
Received: from odin.ietf.org ([132.151.1.176] helo=ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BNiQC-0005gB-2M
	for avt@optimus.ietf.org; Tue, 11 May 2004 21:20:32 -0400
Received: from ietf-mx (ietf-mx.ietf.org [132.151.6.1])
	by ietf.org (8.9.1a/8.9.1a) with ESMTP id VAA12074
	for <avt@ietf.org>; Tue, 11 May 2004 21:20:28 -0400 (EDT)
Received: from ietf-mx.ietf.org ([132.151.6.1] helo=ietf-mx)
	by ietf-mx with esmtp (Exim 4.32)
	id 1BNiQ9-0002C4-Ek
	for avt@ietf.org; Tue, 11 May 2004 21:20:29 -0400
Received: from exim by ietf-mx with spam-scanned (Exim 4.12)
	id 1BNiPI-0001l1-00
	for avt@ietf.org; Tue, 11 May 2004 21:19:37 -0400
Received: from sj-iport-1-in.cisco.com ([171.71.176.70] helo=sj-iport-1.cisco.com)
	by ietf-mx with esmtp (Exim 4.12)
	id 1BNiOX-0001Gv-00
	for avt@ietf.org; Tue, 11 May 2004 21:18:49 -0400
Received: from mira-sjc5-b.cisco.com (IDENT:mirapoint@mira-sjc5-b.cisco.com [171.71.163.14])
	by sj-core-2.cisco.com (8.12.10/8.12.6) with ESMTP id i4C1IHSu028429;
	Tue, 11 May 2004 18:18:18 -0700 (PDT)
Received: from [128.107.163.107] (dhcp-128-107-163-107.cisco.com [128.107.163.107])
	by mira-sjc5-b.cisco.com (MOS 3.4.5-GR)
	with ESMTP id ATC10370;
	Tue, 11 May 2004 18:17:30 -0700 (PDT)
In-Reply-To: <20040510072255.15027.qmail@web61310.mail.yahoo.com>
References: <20040510072255.15027.qmail@web61310.mail.yahoo.com>
Mime-Version: 1.0 (Apple Message framework v613)
Content-Type: multipart/alternative; boundary=Apple-Mail-1-790798629
Message-Id: <3F8F83C8-A3B2-11D8-8B31-0003935495EC@cisco.com>
Cc: AVT <avt@ietf.org>, SRTP <srtp-users@lists.sourceforge.net>
From: "David A. McGrew" <mcgrew@cisco.com>
Subject: Re: [Srtp-users] [AVT] RFC 3711 - questions about cryptographic context
Date: Tue, 11 May 2004 18:18:17 -0700
To: tal shahar <morgentuo@yahoo.com>
X-Mailer: Apple Mail (2.613)
X-Spam-Checker-Version: SpamAssassin 2.60 (1.212-2003-09-23-exp) on 
	ietf-mx.ietf.org
X-Spam-Status: No, hits=0.0 required=5.0 tests=AWL,HTML_MESSAGE autolearn=no 
	version=2.60
Sender: avt-admin@ietf.org
Errors-To: avt-admin@ietf.org
X-BeenThere: avt@ietf.org
X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.12
Precedence: bulk
List-Unsubscribe: <https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt>,
	<mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=unsubscribe>
List-Id: Audio/Video Transport Working Group <avt.ietf.org>
List-Post: <mailto:avt@ietf.org>
List-Help: <mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=help>
List-Subscribe: <https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt>,
	<mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=subscribe>


--Apple-Mail-1-790798629
Content-Type: text/plain;
	charset=ISO-8859-1;
	format=flowed
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable

Tal,

On May 10, 2004, at 12:22 AM, tal shahar wrote:

> sorry, I missed the attachment
>
> Note: forwarded message attached.
>
> Do you Yahoo!?
> Win a $20,000 Career Makeover at Yahoo! HotJobs
> From: tal shahar <morgentuo@yahoo.com>
> Date: May 9, 2004 7:26:00 AM PDT
> To: "David A. McGrew" <mcgrew@cisco.com>
> Subject: Re: [Srtp-users] [AVT] RFC 3711 - questions about=20
> cryptographic context
>
>
> David hi and thanks a lot
> as far as I understand, the key exchange protocol provides you with=20
> the <from, to> value.
> so ,does the key exchange give you a bunch of <from, to> values and=20
> their corresponding keys.
> another question, does this apply also to the MKI implementation, i.e.=20=

> the key exchange provides you with a list of MKIs and their=20
> corresponding keys.

Yes, if you're using an MKI, then the key management protocol will need=20=

to supply that value along with the key.  Similarly, if a <from, to>=20
packet index pair is associated with a key, then the pair would need to=20=

be communicated with the key.

This is described in Section 8.2.  of RFC 3711, "Key Management=20
Parameters".

> =A0
> it is also not totally clear to me whether the sender triggers the=20
> re-keying or should it be triggered in the key exchange protocol, and=20=

> the sender should just enforce it

Good question, and it is clearly and important system design point. =20
SRTP doesn't dictate how this is done.  Clearly a key management system=20=

can provide new keys to an SRTP implementation, e.g. "here's a new key=20=

and the MKI to go with it".    Also, an SRTP layer could trigger key=20
management into getting new keys for it, though that is out of the=20
scope of the RFC.

In libSRTP, there is an event/callback system by which SRTP can=20
indicate to another system that some interesting event happened (see=20
Section 4.3 of the "libSRTP 1.3 Overview and Reference Manual").  Two=20
of these events are:

event_key_soft_limit    An SRTP stream reached the soft key usage limit=20=

and will expire soon.
event_key_hard_limit    An SRTP stream reached the hard key usage limit=20=

and has expired.

So the callback can recognize a key-expiration event and could call a=20
key management function.  Of course, the key management system would=20
need to get the new key to all of the participants in the SRTP session.

David

>
> "David A. McGrew" <mcgrew@cisco.com> wrote:
> Tal,
>
> On May 9, 2004, at 2:03 AM, tal shahar wrote:
>
> > hi
> > in 3.2.1.=A0 Transform-independent parameters
> > 1. the RFC states that the cryptographic context should hold the the
>  > master key(s)
> > assuming I wish to have SRTP and SRTCP sharing the same master key,
>  > what is the situation where I have more than one key
>
> if I understand right, you are wondering why the "(s)" appears in the
>  quote from the RFC. This is because there might be multiple master
>  keys, each of which is used for a particular range of the packet =
index
>  (that is, the 48-bit integer that is the concatenation of the ROC and
>  the sequence number). libSRTP does not support this facility, and I
> expect that the vast majority of users won't miss it.
>
>
> > 2. if I have only one master key, why do I need to hold the MKI
>
> You don't, though you might need to store the fact that you are not
>  using an MKI. libSRTP does not support MKIs as of yet. I don't think
>  that it would be hard to add this feature.
>
> David
>
> > =A0
> > thanks a lot
> > tal
> >
> > Do you Yahoo!?
> > Win a $20,000 Career Makeover at Yahoo! HotJobs
>
> Do you Yahoo!?
> Win a $20,000 Career Makeover at Yahoo! HotJobs=

--Apple-Mail-1-790798629
Content-Type: text/enriched;
	charset=ISO-8859-1
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable

Tal,


On May 10, 2004, at 12:22 AM, tal shahar wrote:


<excerpt>sorry, I missed the attachment


Note: forwarded message attached.


<fontfamily><param>Arial</param><smaller><x-tad-smaller>Do you =
Yahoo!?</x-tad-smaller></smaller></fontfamily></excerpt><excerpt>

=
<fontfamily><param>Arial</param><color><param>0000,0000,EEEE</param><small=
er><x-tad-smaller>Win
a $20,000 Career Makeover at Yahoo! =
HotJobs</x-tad-smaller></smaller></color></fontfamily></excerpt><excerpt><=
bold><color><param>0000,0000,0000</param>

From: </color></bold>tal shahar <<morgentuo@yahoo.com>

<bold><color><param>0000,0000,0000</param>Date: </color></bold>May 9,
2004 7:26:00 AM PDT

<bold><color><param>0000,0000,0000</param>To: </color></bold>"David A.
McGrew" <<mcgrew@cisco.com>

<bold><color><param>0000,0000,0000</param>Subject: </color>Re:
[Srtp-users] [AVT] RFC 3711 - questions about cryptographic context

</bold>


David hi and thanks a lot

as far as I understand, the key exchange protocol provides you with
the <<from, to> value.

so ,does the key exchange give you a bunch of <<from, to> values and
their corresponding keys.

another question, does this apply also to the MKI implementation, i.e.
the key exchange provides you with a list of MKIs and their
corresponding keys.

</excerpt>

Yes, if you're using an MKI, then the key management protocol will
need to supply that value along with the key.  Similarly, if a <<from,
to> packet index pair is associated with a key, then the pair would
need to be communicated with the key. =20


This is described in Section 8.2.  of RFC 3711, "Key Management
Parameters".


<excerpt>=A0

it is also not totally clear to me whether the sender triggers the
re-keying or should it be triggered in the key exchange protocol, and
the sender should just enforce it

</excerpt>

Good question, and it is clearly and important system design point.=20
SRTP doesn't dictate how this is done.  Clearly a key management
system can provide new keys to an SRTP implementation, e.g. "here's a
new key and the MKI to go with it".    Also, an SRTP layer could
trigger key management into getting new keys for it, though that is
out of the scope of the RFC.


In libSRTP, there is an event/callback system by which SRTP can
indicate to another system that some interesting event happened (see
Section 4.3 of the "libSRTP 1.3 Overview and Reference Manual").  Two
of these events are:


event_key_soft_limit    An SRTP stream reached the soft key usage
limit and will expire soon.=20

event_key_hard_limit    An SRTP stream reached the hard key usage
limit and has expired.=20


So the callback can recognize a key-expiration event and could call a
key management function.  Of course, the key management system would
need to get the new key to all of the participants in the SRTP
session. =20


David


<excerpt>

<bold><italic>"David A. McGrew" <<mcgrew@cisco.com></italic></bold>
wrote:

Tal,


On May 9, 2004, at 2:03 AM, tal shahar wrote:


> hi

> in 3.2.1.=A0 Transform-independent parameters

> 1. the RFC states that the cryptographic context should hold the the

 > master key(s)

> assuming I wish to have SRTP and SRTCP sharing the same master key,

 > what is the situation where I have more than one key


if I understand right, you are wondering why the "(s)" appears in the

 quote from the RFC. This is because there might be multiple master

 keys, each of which is used for a particular range of the packet index

 (that is, the 48-bit integer that is the concatenation of the ROC and

 the sequence number). libSRTP does not support this facility, and I=20

expect that the vast majority of users won't miss it.



> 2. if I have only one master key, why do I need to hold the MKI


You don't, though you might need to store the fact that you are not

 using an MKI. libSRTP does not support MKIs as of yet. I don't think

 that it would be hard to add this feature.


David


> =A0

> thanks a lot

> tal

>

> Do you Yahoo!?

> Win a $20,000 Career Makeover at Yahoo! HotJobs


<fontfamily><param>Arial</param><smaller><x-tad-smaller>Do you =
Yahoo!?</x-tad-smaller></smaller></fontfamily></excerpt><excerpt>

=
<fontfamily><param>Arial</param><color><param>0000,0000,EEEE</param><small=
er><x-tad-smaller>Win
a $20,000 Career Makeover at Yahoo! =
HotJobs</x-tad-smaller></smaller></color></fontfamily></excerpt>=

--Apple-Mail-1-790798629--


_______________________________________________
Audio/Video Transport Working Group
avt@ietf.org
https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt



From exim@www1.ietf.org  Wed May 12 09:56:43 2004
Received: from optimus.ietf.org (iesg.org [132.151.1.19])
	by ietf.org (8.9.1a/8.9.1a) with ESMTP id JAA04082
	for <avt-archive@odin.ietf.org>; Wed, 12 May 2004 09:56:43 -0400 (EDT)
Received: from localhost.localdomain ([127.0.0.1] helo=www1.ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BNu47-0005n8-W1
	for avt-archive@odin.ietf.org; Wed, 12 May 2004 09:46:31 -0400
Received: (from exim@localhost)
	by www1.ietf.org (8.12.8/8.12.8/Submit) id i4CDkV1r022263
	for avt-archive@odin.ietf.org; Wed, 12 May 2004 09:46:31 -0400
Received: from localhost.localdomain ([127.0.0.1] helo=www1.ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BNtlN-0001O1-0Q; Wed, 12 May 2004 09:27:09 -0400
Received: from odin.ietf.org ([132.151.1.176] helo=ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BNtcf-0007Ln-8x
	for avt@optimus.ietf.org; Wed, 12 May 2004 09:18:09 -0400
Received: from CNRI.Reston.VA.US (localhost [127.0.0.1])
	by ietf.org (8.9.1a/8.9.1a) with ESMTP id JAA00784;
	Wed, 12 May 2004 09:18:06 -0400 (EDT)
Message-Id: <200405121318.JAA00784@ietf.org>
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: Multipart/Mixed; Boundary="NextPart"
To: i-d-announce@ietf.org
Cc: avt@ietf.org
From: Internet-Drafts@ietf.org
Date: Wed, 12 May 2004 09:18:06 -0400
Subject: [AVT] I-D ACTION:draft-ietf-avt-rtp-3gpp-timed-text-01.txt
Sender: avt-admin@ietf.org
Errors-To: avt-admin@ietf.org
X-BeenThere: avt@ietf.org
X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.12
Precedence: bulk
List-Unsubscribe: <https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt>,
	<mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=unsubscribe>
List-Id: Audio/Video Transport Working Group <avt.ietf.org>
List-Post: <mailto:avt@ietf.org>
List-Help: <mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=help>
List-Subscribe: <https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt>,
	<mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=subscribe>

--NextPart

A New Internet-Draft is available from the on-line Internet-Drafts directories.
This draft is a work item of the Audio/Video Transport Working Group of the IETF.

	Title		: RTP Payload Format for 3GPP Timed Text
	Author(s)	: J. Rey, Y. Matsui
	Filename	: draft-ietf-avt-rtp-3gpp-timed-text-01.txt
	Pages		: 33
	Date		: 2004-5-11
	
This document specifies an RTP payload format for the transmission of 
3GPP (3rd Generation Partnership Project) timed text.  3GPP timed 
text is a time-lined decorated text media format with defined storage 
in a 3GP file.  Timed Text can be synchronised with audio/video 
contents.  As of today, 3GP files containing timed text contents can 
only be downloaded via HTTP.  There is no available mechanism for 
streaming 3GPP timed text contents neither out of 3GP files nor 
directly from live content.  In the following sections the problems 
of streaming timed text are addressed and a payload format for 
streaming 3GPP timed text over RTP is specified.

A URL for this Internet-Draft is:
http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-avt-rtp-3gpp-timed-text-01.txt

To remove yourself from the I-D Announcement list, send a message to 
i-d-announce-request@ietf.org with the word unsubscribe in the body of the message.  
You can also visit https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/I-D-announce 
to change your subscription settings.


Internet-Drafts are also available by anonymous FTP. Login with the username
"anonymous" and a password of your e-mail address. After logging in,
type "cd internet-drafts" and then
	"get draft-ietf-avt-rtp-3gpp-timed-text-01.txt".

A list of Internet-Drafts directories can be found in
http://www.ietf.org/shadow.html 
or ftp://ftp.ietf.org/ietf/1shadow-sites.txt


Internet-Drafts can also be obtained by e-mail.

Send a message to:
	mailserv@ietf.org.
In the body type:
	"FILE /internet-drafts/draft-ietf-avt-rtp-3gpp-timed-text-01.txt".
	
NOTE:	The mail server at ietf.org can return the document in
	MIME-encoded form by using the "mpack" utility.  To use this
	feature, insert the command "ENCODING mime" before the "FILE"
	command.  To decode the response(s), you will need "munpack" or
	a MIME-compliant mail reader.  Different MIME-compliant mail readers
	exhibit different behavior, especially when dealing with
	"multipart" MIME messages (i.e. documents which have been split
	up into multiple messages), so check your local documentation on
	how to manipulate these messages.
		
		
Below is the data which will enable a MIME compliant mail reader
implementation to automatically retrieve the ASCII version of the
Internet-Draft.

--NextPart
Content-Type: Multipart/Alternative; Boundary="OtherAccess"

--OtherAccess
Content-Type: Message/External-body;
	access-type="mail-server";
	server="mailserv@ietf.org"

Content-Type: text/plain
Content-ID:	<2004-5-12093820.I-D@ietf.org>

ENCODING mime
FILE /internet-drafts/draft-ietf-avt-rtp-3gpp-timed-text-01.txt

--OtherAccess
Content-Type: Message/External-body;
	name="draft-ietf-avt-rtp-3gpp-timed-text-01.txt";
	site="ftp.ietf.org";
	access-type="anon-ftp";
	directory="internet-drafts"

Content-Type: text/plain
Content-ID:	<2004-5-12093820.I-D@ietf.org>

--OtherAccess--

--NextPart--



_______________________________________________
Audio/Video Transport Working Group
avt@ietf.org
https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt



From exim@www1.ietf.org  Wed May 12 13:47:43 2004
Received: from optimus.ietf.org (optimus.ietf.org [132.151.1.19])
	by ietf.org (8.9.1a/8.9.1a) with ESMTP id NAA29313
	for <avt-archive@odin.ietf.org>; Wed, 12 May 2004 13:47:43 -0400 (EDT)
Received: from localhost.localdomain ([127.0.0.1] helo=www1.ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BNxi4-0005M1-Jd
	for avt-archive@odin.ietf.org; Wed, 12 May 2004 13:40:01 -0400
Received: (from exim@localhost)
	by www1.ietf.org (8.12.8/8.12.8/Submit) id i4CHe0nr020579
	for avt-archive@odin.ietf.org; Wed, 12 May 2004 13:40:00 -0400
Received: from localhost.localdomain ([127.0.0.1] helo=www1.ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BNxXZ-0001eS-Eu; Wed, 12 May 2004 13:29:09 -0400
Received: from odin.ietf.org ([132.151.1.176] helo=ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BNvLJ-0000mo-NG
	for avt@optimus.ietf.org; Wed, 12 May 2004 11:08:21 -0400
Received: from ietf-mx (ietf-mx.ietf.org [132.151.6.1])
	by ietf.org (8.9.1a/8.9.1a) with ESMTP id LAA14669
	for <avt@ietf.org>; Wed, 12 May 2004 11:08:17 -0400 (EDT)
Received: from ietf-mx.ietf.org ([132.151.6.1] helo=ietf-mx)
	by ietf-mx with esmtp (Exim 4.32)
	id 1BNvLG-0005kt-Su
	for avt@ietf.org; Wed, 12 May 2004 11:08:18 -0400
Received: from exim by ietf-mx with spam-scanned (Exim 4.12)
	id 1BNvHq-0004j5-00
	for avt@ietf.org; Wed, 12 May 2004 11:04:47 -0400
Received: from dundee.dcs.gla.ac.uk ([130.209.242.163])
	by ietf-mx with esmtp (Exim 4.12)
	id 1BNvDg-000388-00
	for avt@ietf.org; Wed, 12 May 2004 11:00:28 -0400
Received: from mangole ([130.209.247.112]:55076)
	by dundee.dcs.gla.ac.uk with asmtp (TLSv1:RC4-MD5:128)
	(Exim 4.04)
	id 1BNvD9-0005wD-00; Wed, 12 May 2004 15:59:55 +0100
From: Colin Perkins <csp@csperkins.org>
Organization: http://csperkins.org
To: <sassan.ahmadi@nokia.com>
Date: Wed, 12 May 2004 15:59:55 +0100
User-Agent: KMail/1.6.2
Cc: <magnus.westerlund@ericsson.com>, <avt@ietf.org>
References: <0B08EA1BF5F6304992CDC985EE02209E02342986@sdebe002.americas.nokia.com>
In-Reply-To: <0B08EA1BF5F6304992CDC985EE02209E02342986@sdebe002.americas.nokia.com>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Disposition: inline
Content-Type: text/plain;
  charset="iso-8859-15"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Message-Id: <200405121559.55346.csp@csperkins.org>
X-Spam-Checker-Version: SpamAssassin 2.60 (1.212-2003-09-23-exp) on 
	ietf-mx.ietf.org
X-Spam-Status: No, hits=0.0 required=5.0 tests=AWL autolearn=no version=2.60
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Subject: [AVT] Re: draft-ahmadi-avt-rtp-vmr-wb-01.txt
Sender: avt-admin@ietf.org
Errors-To: avt-admin@ietf.org
X-BeenThere: avt@ietf.org
X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.12
Precedence: bulk
List-Unsubscribe: <https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt>,
	<mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=unsubscribe>
List-Id: Audio/Video Transport Working Group <avt.ietf.org>
List-Post: <mailto:avt@ietf.org>
List-Help: <mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=help>
List-Subscribe: <https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt>,
	<mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=subscribe>
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit

On Wednesday 05 May 2004 18:57, sassan.ahmadi@nokia.com wrote:
...
> In the revised draft I have addressed all of your comments and concerns
> about the original draft. Major changes include
>
> 1- All comments from AVT chairs are addressed.
> 2- A header-free payload format has been added (just like RFC 3558)
> 3- Bandwidth-efficient mode is eliminated.
> 4- By some changes in Tables 2 and 3 in Section 6, the interworking
> function is completely eliminated.
> 5- The size of MIME parameter set has been reduced. The extra MIME
> parameters have been removed.
> 6- CDMA system issues have been removed from the document.
> 7- Signaling conflicts with AMR-WB have all been resolved both in the
> payload and the storage formats.
>
> Attached please find a PowerPoint presentation comprising highlights of
> the revised Internet Draft. Also please find the draft as well as
> detailed response to Magnus' comments.
>
> Considering the improvements and corrections that have been made in the
> revised draft, I would like to kindly ask IETF/AVT group to accept this
> Internet Draft as an AVT group work item now.
>
> I also kindly ask you to provide your feedback and comments to complete
> and finalize a RFC for VMR-WB.

This is certainly greatly improved, however it does not address my concern 
with respect to the signalling of AMR-WB compatible modes. I would suggest 
you study the Offer-Answer Model Considerations for the AMR-WB+ payload 
format (draft-sjoberg-avt-rtp-amrwbplus-01.txt) and follow a similar model 
for interoperability (i.e. require a VMR-WB capable endpoint to advertise 
support for the AMR-WB payload format, in addition to native VMR-WB, as an 
way of avoiding interoperability problems).

With that change made, I believe this would be appropriate to accept as an 
AVT work item (provided there are no other objections from the list).

-- 
Colin Perkins
http://csperkins.org/

_______________________________________________
Audio/Video Transport Working Group
avt@ietf.org
https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt



From exim@www1.ietf.org  Wed May 12 15:38:38 2004
Received: from optimus.ietf.org (www.iesg.org [132.151.1.19])
	by ietf.org (8.9.1a/8.9.1a) with ESMTP id PAA06103
	for <avt-archive@odin.ietf.org>; Wed, 12 May 2004 15:38:37 -0400 (EDT)
Received: from localhost.localdomain ([127.0.0.1] helo=www1.ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BNzSO-0001Z5-0b
	for avt-archive@odin.ietf.org; Wed, 12 May 2004 15:31:58 -0400
Received: (from exim@localhost)
	by www1.ietf.org (8.12.8/8.12.8/Submit) id i4CJVtwi006016
	for avt-archive@odin.ietf.org; Wed, 12 May 2004 15:31:55 -0400
Received: from localhost.localdomain ([127.0.0.1] helo=www1.ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BNzI1-0006Xr-5A; Wed, 12 May 2004 15:21:13 -0400
Received: from odin.ietf.org ([132.151.1.176] helo=ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BNzAr-0002Yc-Kw
	for avt@optimus.ietf.org; Wed, 12 May 2004 15:13:49 -0400
Received: from ietf-mx (ietf-mx.ietf.org [132.151.6.1])
	by ietf.org (8.9.1a/8.9.1a) with ESMTP id PAA04279
	for <avt@ietf.org>; Wed, 12 May 2004 15:13:48 -0400 (EDT)
Received: from ietf-mx.ietf.org ([132.151.6.1] helo=ietf-mx)
	by ietf-mx with esmtp (Exim 4.32)
	id 1BNzAq-0001wV-9c
	for avt@ietf.org; Wed, 12 May 2004 15:13:48 -0400
Received: from exim by ietf-mx with spam-scanned (Exim 4.12)
	id 1BNz9t-0001S1-00
	for avt@ietf.org; Wed, 12 May 2004 15:12:51 -0400
Received: from news.ti.com ([192.94.94.33] helo=dragon.ti.com)
	by ietf-mx with esmtp (Exim 4.12)
	id 1BNz9I-0000x8-00
	for avt@ietf.org; Wed, 12 May 2004 15:12:12 -0400
Received: from dlep91.itg.ti.com ([157.170.152.55])
	by dragon.ti.com (8.12.11/8.12.11) with ESMTP id i4CJBekm019886;
	Wed, 12 May 2004 14:11:41 -0500 (CDT)
Received: from tnint11.telogy.design.ti.com (localhost [127.0.0.1])
	by dlep91.itg.ti.com (8.12.11/8.12.11) with ESMTP id i4CJBdBA007889;
	Wed, 12 May 2004 14:11:40 -0500 (CDT)
Received: by tnint11.telogy.design.ti.com with Internet Mail Service (5.5.2653.19)
	id <K2W3N5WH>; Wed, 12 May 2004 15:11:07 -0400
Message-ID: <09DD40ABD88ACF4CB0D3CD84BB95296001B46B@tnint11.telogy.design.ti.com>
From: "Mundra, Satish" <smundra@telogy.com>
To: "'Gunnar Hellstrom'" <gunnar.hellstrom@omnitor.se>,
        "Paul E. Jones"
	 <paulej@packetizer.com>, avt IETF <avt@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [avt]  Comments/questions on draft-ietf-avt-rfc2793bis-04
Date: Wed, 12 May 2004 15:11:06 -0400
MIME-Version: 1.0
X-Mailer: Internet Mail Service (5.5.2653.19)
Content-Type: text/plain;
	charset="iso-8859-1"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
X-Spam-Checker-Version: SpamAssassin 2.60 (1.212-2003-09-23-exp) on 
	ietf-mx.ietf.org
X-Spam-Status: No, hits=0.0 required=5.0 tests=none autolearn=no version=2.60
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
Sender: avt-admin@ietf.org
Errors-To: avt-admin@ietf.org
X-BeenThere: avt@ietf.org
X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.12
Precedence: bulk
List-Unsubscribe: <https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt>,
	<mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=unsubscribe>
List-Id: Audio/Video Transport Working Group <avt.ietf.org>
List-Post: <mailto:avt@ietf.org>
List-Help: <mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=help>
List-Subscribe: <https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt>,
	<mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=subscribe>
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable

Gunnar,

responses inline...

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Gunnar Hellstrom [mailto:gunnar.hellstrom@omnitor.se]
> Sent: Tuesday, May 11, 2004 6:32 PM
> To: Mundra, Satish; Paul E. Jones; avt IETF
> Subject: RE: [avt] Comments/questions on draft-ietf-avt-rfc2793bis-04
>=20
>=20
> Satish,
> I get the impression that your main goal with the discussion
> is to try to find a format for audio/red/t140 that could=20
> allow us to drop the t140block counter from the format.
>=20
> Is the reason saving bits?
>=20

Yes, saving six bytes per audio/red/t140 packet could buy one more =
level of
redundancy=20
if needed.
If you feel that it's required for reliable operations, and change at =
this
stage is not
desirable, that's fine with me.=20

> We have had it there since August, with no major concerns, so
> it seems acceptable to most reviewers.
>=20
> You also want to use the M-bit as in RFC3551.
> > The M-bit behavior is from (RFC3551): "For applications which send
> > either no packets or occasional comfort-noise packets=20
> during silence,
> > the first packet
> > of a talkspurt, that is, the first packet after a silence
> period during
> > which packets have not been transmitted contiguously, SHOULD be=20
> > distinguished by setting the marker bit in the RTP data
> header to one."
> That can be OK. But then you must not do anything drastic,
> such as adding a missing text marker just because the packet=20
> with the M-bit seems to be missing. With 10% packet loss, 10%=20
> of the M-bits will be missing, but only 0.1% of text, if we=20
> are using primary and two redundant transmissions.
>=20

One need not solely depend on the missing primary with marker to =
conclude
loss of=20
t140 data for audio/red/t140.=20

Assuming that 10% of M-bits are lost:=20
If the total number of consecutive packets lost is less than the =
redundancy
level in use, one can easily determine if the missing sequence numbers =
were
carrying text or voice.=20
At other times I agree that it may not be obvious.  It seems like one =
could
use both
the timestamp gap and sequence number gap to determine if any text was =
lost.
Note that=20
when text is transmitted the sequence numbers increments by 1 every
300/500ms where =20
as for voice it would be every 20/30ms or so.=20





> Would it be OK to you to take in the text about the M-bit=20
> from RFC3551?
>=20

Yes.


Thanks,

--Satish




> Gunnar
>=20
>=20
> -------------------------------------------
> Gunnar Hellstr=F6m
> Omnitor AB
> Renathv=E4gen 2
> SE 121 37 Johanneshov
> SWEDEN
> +46 8 556 002 03
> Mob: +46 708 204 288
> www.omnitor.se
> Gunnar.Hellstrom@Omnitor.se
> --------------------------------------------
>=20
>=20
> > -----Original Message-----
> > From: avt-admin@ietf.org [mailto:avt-admin@ietf.org]On Behalf Of=20
> > Mundra, Satish
> > Sent: Tuesday, May 11, 2004 7:19 PM
> > To: 'Gunnar Hellstrom'; Paul E. Jones; avt IETF
> > Subject: RE: [avt] Comments/questions on=20
> draft-ietf-avt-rfc2793bis-04
> >
> >
> > Gunnar/Paul,
> >
> > Thanks for summarizing the questions. The previous comments got=20
> > cross-posted, I have used your latest posting for further debate on =

> > the questions/comments. See comments inline...
> >
> > Regards,
> >
> > Satish Mundra
> >
> > > -----Original Message-----
> > > From: Gunnar Hellstrom [mailto:gunnar.hellstrom@omnitor.se]
> > > Sent: Monday, May 10, 2004 6:29 PM
> > > To: Paul E. Jones; Mundra, Satish; avt IETF
> > > Subject: RE: [avt] Comments/questions on=20
> > > draft-ietf-avt-rfc2793bis-04
> > >
> > >
> > > Satish,
> > > I am eager to come to conclusions on your questions regarding=20
> > > draft-ietf-avt-rfc2793bis-04.
> > >
> > > Our (Paul=B4s and mine ) understanding regarding the questions =
are=20
> > > now:
> > >
> > > 1. Security risk to have the 16-bit T140block counter to always=20
> > > start at 0 in a session. I mentioned that loss in the beginning=20
> > > could be detected by the text stream not starting with=20
> the Unicode=20
> > > synchronization character, because the requirement to start with=20
> > > that code is clearly stated in T.140. So, that could be=20
> used and the=20
> > > counter could then start at a random value. However, also this=20
> > > session start code can be seen as a security risk with the same=20
> > > reason as the 0 counter would be one. Are not all media full of
> > > predictable bit patterns, like picture start headers, audio
> > > session parameters etc?
> > >
> > > We would like to hear more voices if it is important to start the =

> > > counter at a random value, and instead rely on detection=20
> of initial=20
> > > loss by a missing Unicode Synchronization character.
> > >
> >
> > See comments on the "t140block counter" below.
> >
> > > 2. M-bit for indication of start of text.
> > > You hint that we should specify that the M-bit SHALL be used as=20
> > > indicated in the AVT profile for indicating start of text=20
> initially=20
> > > in the stream and also after a gap. This could be used both to=20
> > > detect loss and in order to detect when suspected loss is=20
> only loss=20
> > > of empty text blocks.
> > >
> >
> > Yes.
> >
> > > Each M-bit is only sent once, so it does not get improved=20
> > > reliability by redundancy. We have a mechanism with=20
> marking missing=20
> > > text with a Unicode replacement character, specified in=20
> T.140. If in=20
> > > doubt, it is better to mark too much than too little,=20
> because there=20
> > > will be non-printable characters that will be marked by this=20
> > > character when lost. Therefore the users might know that=20
> there can=20
> > > be markers for missing text without any visible text missing.
> > >
> >
> > Let me understand this again, the requirement for the=20
> payload format=20
> > is to NOT fail in detecting LOSS when occurs, misleading loss=20
> > indicators are unavoidable and seem to be acceptable. [see further=20
> > comments on the block counter below]
> >
> > > So, for audio/t140, we can select between three methods for=20
> > > indicating the start of stream:  a. counter =3D0  b. M-bit =20
> c. Unicode=20
> > > start of stream character
> > >
> >
> > See comments on counter below.
> >
> > > For text/t140, we can only select between two methods:
> > >  a. M-bit
> > >  b. Unicode start of stream character
> > >
> > > A missing M-bit does not give full information if a real text=20
> > > element is missing. The text might be received in=20
> redundant code. =20
> > > But it can be used as a likely indication.
> > >
> > > The other methods are at least as reliable as the redundant=20
> > > transmission method used.
> > >
> > >
> > > For text during a session, we have the following problem:=20
> What is a=20
> > > gap? When shall the M-bit be set to 1? What is a text-spurt?
> > >
> >
> > Borrowing from section 5.4 of draft(04), gap would be "no new T.140 =

> > data to transmit after the transmit buffering interval described in
> > section 5.1 has
> > passed".  This defines the text-spurt which is analogous to=20
> talkspurt.
> >
> > The M-bit behavior is from (RFC3551): "For applications which send=20
> > either no packets or occasional comfort-noise packets=20
> during silence,=20
> > the first packet
> > of a talkspurt, that is, the first packet after a silence=20
> period during
> > which packets have not been transmitted contiguously, SHOULD be
> > distinguished by setting the marker bit in the RTP data=20
> header to one."
> >
> > > For text/t140, it is hard to find a good delimitation for when a=20
> > > text-spurt starts. There is no declaration of the time=20
> between the=20
> > > packets, just the buffering time that normally may be 300 ms, but =

> > > may vary. For the text/red/t140 case, there could be a=20
> reason to use=20
> > > the M-bit, when only the primary data contains valid=20
> text. The other=20
> > > blocks should be empty or non-existing. That is the case after a=20
> > > pause. Detection of an M-bit can make sure that the risk=20
> is kept low
> > > for falsely marking loss of data during the pause. Without
> > > the use of the M-bit, falsely marking lost text will occur
> > > slightly more often.
> > >
> >
> > The text-spurt starts with the packet that you transmit after a=20
> > zero-length block is transmitted, that happens whenever the T.140=20
> > buffering interval expires and no new data
> > is available for transmission.
> >
> >
> > > For the plain text/t140 format, I do not see any need for marking =

> > > the first packet after a longer pause.
> > >
> >
> > It helps in situations when one can not include a=20
> zero-length block as=20
> > redundant data because it's too old.
> >
> > > For red/audio/t140 I see no need for the M-bit. The=20
> counter give a=20
> > > better reliability.
> > >
> >
> > During a interval where text is transmitted contiguously, the=20
> > block-counter and the RTP sequence numbers are in sync. So=20
> I guess the=20
> > counter is only useful at the boundaries when
> > switchover between voice/text payload is occurring.  Under=20
> certain loss
> > scenarios or when both marker and zero-length blocks are lost
> > one could have
> > misleading text loss-indicator which in any case are
> > unavoidable. In either
> > case you would detect loss as required.
> >
> > As I mentioned earlier, I am unconvinced about the=20
> usefulness of the=20
> > block counter. During contiguous text transmission the=20
> counter and RTP=20
> > sequence numbers are in sync. Even if marker is lost, one=20
> could sync=20
> > to the first sequence number that can be deriver or is=20
> present in the=20
> > header. IMO, different redundancy rules for text/t140 and=20
> audio/t140=20
> > can be unified and
> > implementation simplified.
> >
> > > The current RFC2793 does not specify the use of the M-bit.=20
> > > RFC2793bis should be compatible with RFC2793 for text/t140 and=20
> > > text/red/t140. Using the M-bit for RFC2793 bis would be a=20
> step off=20
> > > from that direction.
> > >
> > > Anyway, it does little harm, so if there are voices for=20
> it, we could=20
> > > say that the transmitter MUST use the M-bit to indicate start of=20
> > > stream, and start after a pause. The receiver MAY use it for=20
> > > detection of loss.
> > >
> > >
> > > Please advice
> > >
> > > Regards
> > >
> > > Gunnar
> > > --------------------------------------------------------------
> > > -------------
> > > -------
> > >
> > >
> > > Satish,
> > > Further answers inline,
> > >
> > > Gunnar
> > >
> > > -------------------------------------------
> > > Gunnar Hellstr=F6m
> > > Omnitor AB
> > > Renathv=E4gen 2
> > > SE 121 37 Johanneshov
> > > SWEDEN
> > > +46 8 556 002 03
> > > Mob: +46 708 204 288
> > > www.omnitor.se
> > > Gunnar.Hellstrom@Omnitor.se
> > > --------------------------------------------
> > >
> > >
> > > > -----Original Message-----
> > > > From: Paul E. Jones [mailto:paulej@packetizer.com]
> > > > Sent: Thursday, May 06, 2004 11:10 PM
> > > > To: Mundra, Satish; 'Gunnar Hellstrom'; avt IETF
> > > > Subject: Re: [avt] Comments/questions on=20
> > > > draft-ietf-avt-rfc2793bis-03/04
> > > >
> > > >
> >
> > X--------snip
> >
> > _______________________________________________
> > Audio/Video Transport Working Group
> > avt@ietf.org
> > https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt
> >
> >
>=20
>=20

_______________________________________________
Audio/Video Transport Working Group
avt@ietf.org
https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt



From exim@www1.ietf.org  Wed May 12 16:53:22 2004
Received: from optimus.ietf.org (optimus.ietf.org [132.151.1.19])
	by ietf.org (8.9.1a/8.9.1a) with ESMTP id QAA10614
	for <avt-archive@odin.ietf.org>; Wed, 12 May 2004 16:53:22 -0400 (EDT)
Received: from localhost.localdomain ([127.0.0.1] helo=www1.ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BO0ZN-0004Zj-WC
	for avt-archive@odin.ietf.org; Wed, 12 May 2004 16:43:14 -0400
Received: (from exim@localhost)
	by www1.ietf.org (8.12.8/8.12.8/Submit) id i4CKhDLS017587
	for avt-archive@odin.ietf.org; Wed, 12 May 2004 16:43:13 -0400
Received: from localhost.localdomain ([127.0.0.1] helo=www1.ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BO0Na-0000n4-C3; Wed, 12 May 2004 16:31:02 -0400
Received: from odin.ietf.org ([132.151.1.176] helo=ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BO0JR-0007mu-Ce
	for avt@optimus.ietf.org; Wed, 12 May 2004 16:26:45 -0400
Received: from ietf-mx (ietf-mx.ietf.org [132.151.6.1])
	by ietf.org (8.9.1a/8.9.1a) with ESMTP id QAA08892
	for <avt@ietf.org>; Wed, 12 May 2004 16:26:43 -0400 (EDT)
Received: from ietf-mx.ietf.org ([132.151.6.1] helo=ietf-mx)
	by ietf-mx with esmtp (Exim 4.32)
	id 1BO0JP-00013G-Hm
	for avt@ietf.org; Wed, 12 May 2004 16:26:43 -0400
Received: from exim by ietf-mx with spam-scanned (Exim 4.12)
	id 1BO0IO-0000We-00
	for avt@ietf.org; Wed, 12 May 2004 16:25:41 -0400
Received: from sj-iport-4.cisco.com ([171.68.10.86])
	by ietf-mx with esmtp (Exim 4.12)
	id 1BO0HQ-0007Kj-00
	for avt@ietf.org; Wed, 12 May 2004 16:24:40 -0400
Received: from mbaugher-w2k07.cisco.com (sjc-vpn4-390.cisco.com [10.21.81.134])
	by sj-core-4.cisco.com (8.12.10/8.12.6) with ESMTP id i4CKO5jP015064;
	Wed, 12 May 2004 13:24:05 -0700 (PDT)
Message-Id: <6.0.0.22.2.20040512131446.03fbbcf0@mira-sjc5-6.cisco.com>
X-Sender: mbaugher@mira-sjc5-6.cisco.com
X-Mailer: QUALCOMM Windows Eudora Version 6.0.0.22
Date: Wed, 12 May 2004 13:24:02 -0700
To: tal shahar <morgentuo@yahoo.com>
From: Mark Baugher <mbaugher@cisco.com>
Subject: Re: [Srtp-users] RE: [AVT] <From, To> and MKI, FRC 3711
Cc: AVT <avt@ietf.org>, SRTP <srtp-users@lists.sourceforge.net>
In-Reply-To: <20040512081731.42959.qmail@web61303.mail.yahoo.com>
References: <6.0.0.22.2.20040511162350.04282df8@mira-sjc5-6.cisco.com>
 <20040512081731.42959.qmail@web61303.mail.yahoo.com>
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1"; format=flowed
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
X-Spam-Checker-Version: SpamAssassin 2.60 (1.212-2003-09-23-exp) on 
	ietf-mx.ietf.org
X-Spam-Status: No, hits=0.1 required=5.0 tests=AWL autolearn=no version=2.60
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
Sender: avt-admin@ietf.org
Errors-To: avt-admin@ietf.org
X-BeenThere: avt@ietf.org
X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.12
Precedence: bulk
List-Unsubscribe: <https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt>,
	<mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=unsubscribe>
List-Id: Audio/Video Transport Working Group <avt.ietf.org>
List-Post: <mailto:avt@ietf.org>
List-Help: <mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=help>
List-Subscribe: <https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt>,
	<mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=subscribe>
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable

hi

At 01:17 AM 5/12/2004, tal shahar wrote:
>hi Mark
>I'm not sure I understand your point
>do you suggest that one master key can have a few sets of SRTP session=20
>keys simultaniously in use ?

Yes.  At minimum, we'll likely have SRTP and SRTCP session keys derived=20
from the master keys (pg 9 of RFC 3711).

>i.e. can it happen that for the same master key, different streams will=20
>have different SRTP session keys

Yes, beyond SRTP and SRTCP (see pg 10).

>I'm asking this since the procedure of deriving a session key from a given=
=20
>master key does not include the use of SSRC - therefore I dont understand=
=20
>how different streams will have different session keys.

The keystreams are differentiated with the SSRCs, not the keys themselves=20
(see pg 21).

>as for the <from, to>, as far as I understand ,this value is used to=20
>define a master key "life time" ,it doesnt help you define a sequence=20
>number space per a session key ?

My point is that <from, to> are sequence numbers, or extended sequence=20
numbers computed from the SEQ and the ROC.  SRTP streams have sequence=20
numbers and there is the _potential_ for a problem or at least some=20
additional complexity when you derive multiple session keys (for individual=
=20
streams) from a given master key since you at least have to signal which=20
sequence number space is being used for the from-to.

Mark


>Mark Baugher <mbaugher@cisco.com> wrote:
>>Yes, I think calling the interactions "insecure" as I did is not
>>accurate. There is the following issue as I see it: An SRTP master
>>key can be associated with one or more session keys each having its
>>own sequence-number space. So the master key per se does not have
>>a sequence-number space but from-to is used to determine when to
>>change master keys. If the master key is always in one-one
>>relationship with a session key, then there is no ambiguity.
>>But if the master key is used to derive two or more session keys,
>>then the from-to is not well defined.
>>
>>Is this "insecure?" Probably not.
>>
>>Mark
>>space. So from-to works on
>>At 12:49 PM 5/11/2004, Mats N=E4slund wrote:
>>
>> >Hi
>> >
>> >What I think Mark refers to is a situation in which
>> >
>> >- several SRTP streams share a master key, and,
>> >- re-keying is based on From-To values.
>> >
>> >If you use SRTP in this way (which RFC3711 recommends against)
>> >the receiver may in some cases have problem determining the correct
>> >key. However, there is really no "extra" security problems involved.
>> >What *could* happen is a so-called two-time pad, but this would be
>> >caused by a misstake by the sender, not by the receiver. Furthermore,
>> >this key sharing is not allowed in RFC3711, unless you can guarantee
>> >distinct SSRCs for the RTP sessions sharing the key. Whence, if you
>> >(somehow) could guarantee such SSRC-distincness, two-time pads would
>> >anyway not occur.
>> >
>> >Cheers
>> >
>> >/Mats
>> >
>> >Mark Baugher wrote:
>> >
>> >>hi
>> >> Using both mechanisms is a lot of complexity and I'm hard pressed to
>> >> find examples of when we would need two mechanisms, which do the same
>> >> thing. I don't like that final sentence in 8.1.1 in RFC 3711 because
>> >> complexity undermines security and using both mechanisms is complex.
>> >>
>> >> From/To has the advantage of not adding a field to the packet, but it
>> >> has the disadvantage of insecure interactions with the AES counter=
 mode
>> >> transform. MKI adds a field but does not suffer from this problem. I
>> >> would choose one or the other but not both.
>> >>
>> >> As it is described below, use of both mechanisms is superfluous=
 AFAICT.
>> >>
>> >>Mark
>> >>
>> >>At 05:56 AM 5/11/2004, Sylvain Latulippe wrote:
>> >>
>> >>
>> >>
>> >>>Hi,
>> >>>
>> >>>My understanding is the following:
>> >>>
>> >>>Both mechanisms can be used whitin the same session. When using MKI,
>> >>> mechanism can be used by the sender side for synchronizing
>> >>>key transitions (re-keying).
>> >>>
>> >>>For example:
>> >>>
>> >>>A session is started and 2 keys (KEY_1 and KEY_2) are given to the=20
>> session.
>> >>>
>> >>>Session parameters:
>> >>>KEY FROM TO MKI
>> >>>KEY_1 0 10 1
>> >>>KEY_2 11 x 2
>> >>>
>> >>>The sender uses KEY_1 to encrypt packets with index 0 to 10. MKI =3D 1=
 is
>> >>>also appended to packets 0 to 10. When building packet with index 11,
>> >>>the sender switches to KEY_2 and appends MKI =3D 2 to the packet.
>> >>>
>> >>>On the receiver side, is not required in this scenario. MKI
>> >>>is extracted from the received packet and used to retrieve the right=
 key.
>> >>>
>> >>>Sylvain
>> >>>
>> >>>
>> >>>
>> >>>
>> >>>-----Original Message-----
>> >>>From: avt-admin@ietf.org [mailto:avt-admin@ietf.org]On Behalf Of Ofer=
=20
>> Goren
>> > >Sent: 11 mai, 2004 07:35
>> >>>To: avt@ietf.org; srtp-users@lists.sourceforge.net
>> >>>Subject: [AVT] and MKI, FRC 3711
>> >>>
>> >>>
>> >>>Hi.
>> >>>
>> >>>In RFC 3711, section 8.1.1, it says that "using the MKI does not=
 exclude
>> >>>using key
>> >>> lifetime simultaneously".
>> >>>
>> >>>As I understand it, both mechanisms can be used for the same session
>> >>>simultaneously. However, does the mechanism is MANDATORY to
>> >>>be used every time (whether is used or not), or can I omit it
>> >>>if I'm using MKI?
>> >>>
>> >>>Thanks,
>> >>>
>> >>>Ofer.
>> >>>
>> >>>
>> >>>-------------------------------------------------------
>> >>>This SF.Net email is sponsored by Sleepycat Software>>>Learn=20
>> developer strategies Cisco, Motorola, Ericsson & Lucent use to
>> >>>deliver higher performing products faster, at low TCO.
>> >>>http://www.sleepycat.com/telcomwpreg.php?Fromdnemail3
>> >>>_______________________________________________
>> >>>Srtp-users mailing list
>> >>>Srtp-users@lists.sourceforge.net
>> >>>https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/srtp-users
>> >>>
>> >>
>> >>
>> >
>> >
>> >
>> >_______________________________________________
>> >Audio/Video Transport Working Group
>> >avt@ietf.org
>> >https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt
>>
>>
>>
>>_______________________________________________
>>Audio/Video Transport Working Group
>>avt@ietf.org
>>https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt
>
>
>Do you Yahoo!?
>Yahoo! Movies -=20
><http://movies.yahoo.com/showtimes/movie?mid=3D1808405861>Buy advance=20
>tickets for 'Shrek 2'



_______________________________________________
Audio/Video Transport Working Group
avt@ietf.org
https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt



From exim@www1.ietf.org  Wed May 12 20:47:36 2004
Received: from optimus.ietf.org (optimus.ietf.org [132.151.1.19])
	by ietf.org (8.9.1a/8.9.1a) with ESMTP id UAA22560
	for <avt-archive@odin.ietf.org>; Wed, 12 May 2004 20:47:36 -0400 (EDT)
Received: from localhost.localdomain ([127.0.0.1] helo=www1.ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BO4B0-0003R3-OH
	for avt-archive@odin.ietf.org; Wed, 12 May 2004 20:34:23 -0400
Received: (from exim@localhost)
	by www1.ietf.org (8.12.8/8.12.8/Submit) id i4D0YIfn013206
	for avt-archive@odin.ietf.org; Wed, 12 May 2004 20:34:18 -0400
Received: from localhost.localdomain ([127.0.0.1] helo=www1.ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BO444-0001pI-Ly; Wed, 12 May 2004 20:27:08 -0400
Received: from odin.ietf.org ([132.151.1.176] helo=ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BO2ap-0000Eo-5B
	for avt@optimus.ietf.org; Wed, 12 May 2004 18:52:51 -0400
Received: from ietf-mx (ietf-mx.ietf.org [132.151.6.1])
	by ietf.org (8.9.1a/8.9.1a) with ESMTP id SAA17110
	for <avt@ietf.org>; Wed, 12 May 2004 18:52:46 -0400 (EDT)
Received: from ietf-mx.ietf.org ([132.151.6.1] helo=ietf-mx)
	by ietf-mx with esmtp (Exim 4.32)
	id 1BO2am-00053m-0z
	for avt@ietf.org; Wed, 12 May 2004 18:52:48 -0400
Received: from exim by ietf-mx with spam-scanned (Exim 4.12)
	id 1BO2Zk-0004YP-00
	for avt@ietf.org; Wed, 12 May 2004 18:51:46 -0400
Received: from av7-1-sn4.m-sp.skanova.net ([81.228.10.110])
	by ietf-mx with esmtp (Exim 4.12)
	id 1BO2Yb-0003aR-00
	for avt@ietf.org; Wed, 12 May 2004 18:50:34 -0400
Received: by av7-1-sn4.m-sp.skanova.net (Postfix, from userid 502)
	id C0E7237F5A; Thu, 13 May 2004 00:50:02 +0200 (CEST)
Received: from smtp2-1-sn4.m-sp.skanova.net (smtp2-1-sn4.m-sp.skanova.net [81.228.10.183])
	by av7-1-sn4.m-sp.skanova.net (Postfix) with ESMTP
	id AFEAC37E45; Thu, 13 May 2004 00:50:02 +0200 (CEST)
Received: from vit (h53n2fls31o265.telia.com [217.208.189.53])
	by smtp2-1-sn4.m-sp.skanova.net (Postfix) with SMTP
	id 5433037E42; Thu, 13 May 2004 00:50:02 +0200 (CEST)
From: "Gunnar Hellstrom" <gunnar.hellstrom@omnitor.se>
To: "Mundra, Satish" <smundra@telogy.com>,
        "Paul E. Jones" <paulej@packetizer.com>, "avt IETF" <avt@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [avt]  Comments/questions on draft-ietf-avt-rfc2793bis-04
Date: Thu, 13 May 2004 00:50:00 +0200
Message-ID: <BHEHLFPKIPMLPFNFAHJKIEGIEHAA.gunnar.hellstrom@omnitor.se>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain;
	charset="iso-8859-1"
X-Priority: 3 (Normal)
X-MSMail-Priority: Normal
X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook IMO, Build 9.0.2416 (9.0.2910.0)
X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1409
Importance: Normal
In-Reply-To: <09DD40ABD88ACF4CB0D3CD84BB95296001B46B@tnint11.telogy.design.ti.com>
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
X-Spam-Checker-Version: SpamAssassin 2.60 (1.212-2003-09-23-exp) on 
	ietf-mx.ietf.org
X-Spam-Status: No, hits=0.1 required=5.0 tests=AWL autolearn=no version=2.60
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
Sender: avt-admin@ietf.org
Errors-To: avt-admin@ietf.org
X-BeenThere: avt@ietf.org
X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.12
Precedence: bulk
List-Unsubscribe: <https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt>,
	<mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=unsubscribe>
List-Id: Audio/Video Transport Working Group <avt.ietf.org>
List-Post: <mailto:avt@ietf.org>
List-Help: <mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=help>
List-Subscribe: <https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt>,
	<mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=subscribe>
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable

Satish,


I have tried to find a possible procedure that could make the T140block
counters superflous for audio/red/t140, and still being able to detect if
text was lost.

I have not found any method, so I think that the t140block counter is a
suitable solution that we need to stick to for now.

Here are some traces of what I tried:

The format can be that we always include the redundant blocks, even if th=
ey
contain no text. If an empty block is older than 16383 ticks, it is
included, but the time offset is set to 0.
We also always use the redundancy format once it is used in a session. (
thus not go back and forth between plain and redundant format )

We can also say that we include the M-bit after a pause, in the packet
where new text is included as primary data.

A pause is identified by that there was a need to send at least one packe=
t
with at least one empty t140block.

If, at reception, a sequence number gap larger than the number of text
generations we use  for transmission is revealed, we check if the last
received text packet before the gap contained any empty t140blocks. If no=
t,
we are at risk of having lost text. But, we have no way to tell if we
really lost anything or not, because we do not know how many of the lost
packets were text and how many were audio packets.

So, I prefer to maintain the format with the counters for audio/t140,
assuming that we maintain the ambition to mark where text is missing.

The M-bit is irrelevant for that decision, but it can give you the positi=
ve
information that you received the first packet of a medium, so that you i=
n
that case can deduct if you lost anything of the medium in the packets
before the M-bit.

Gunnar

-------------------------------------------
Gunnar Hellstr=F6m
Omnitor AB
Renathv=E4gen 2
SE 121 37 Johanneshov
SWEDEN
+46 8 556 002 03
Mob: +46 708 204 288
www.omnitor.se
Gunnar.Hellstrom@Omnitor.se
--------------------------------------------


> -----Original Message-----
> From: avt-admin@ietf.org [mailto:avt-admin@ietf.org]On Behalf Of Mundra=
,
> Satish
> Sent: Wednesday, May 12, 2004 9:11 PM
> To: 'Gunnar Hellstrom'; Paul E. Jones; avt IETF
> Subject: RE: [avt] Comments/questions on draft-ietf-avt-rfc2793bis-04
>
>
> Gunnar,
>
> responses inline...
>
> > -----Original Message-----
> > From: Gunnar Hellstrom [mailto:gunnar.hellstrom@omnitor.se]
> > Sent: Tuesday, May 11, 2004 6:32 PM
> > To: Mundra, Satish; Paul E. Jones; avt IETF
> > Subject: RE: [avt] Comments/questions on draft-ietf-avt-rfc2793bis-04
> >
> >
> > Satish,
> > I get the impression that your main goal with the discussion
> > is to try to find a format for audio/red/t140 that could
> > allow us to drop the t140block counter from the format.
> >
> > Is the reason saving bits?
> >
>
> Yes, saving six bytes per audio/red/t140 packet could buy one
> more level of
> redundancy
> if needed.
> If you feel that it's required for reliable operations, and
> change at this
> stage is not
> desirable, that's fine with me.
>
> > We have had it there since August, with no major concerns, so
> > it seems acceptable to most reviewers.
> >
> > You also want to use the M-bit as in RFC3551.
> > > The M-bit behavior is from (RFC3551): "For applications which send
> > > either no packets or occasional comfort-noise packets
> > during silence,
> > > the first packet
> > > of a talkspurt, that is, the first packet after a silence
> > period during
> > > which packets have not been transmitted contiguously, SHOULD be
> > > distinguished by setting the marker bit in the RTP data
> > header to one."
> > That can be OK. But then you must not do anything drastic,
> > such as adding a missing text marker just because the packet
> > with the M-bit seems to be missing. With 10% packet loss, 10%
> > of the M-bits will be missing, but only 0.1% of text, if we
> > are using primary and two redundant transmissions.
> >
>
> One need not solely depend on the missing primary with marker to conclu=
de
> loss of
> t140 data for audio/red/t140.
>
> Assuming that 10% of M-bits are lost:
> If the total number of consecutive packets lost is less than the
> redundancy
> level in use, one can easily determine if the missing sequence
> numbers were
> carrying text or voice.
> At other times I agree that it may not be obvious.  It seems
> like one could
> use both
> the timestamp gap and sequence number gap to determine if any
> text was lost.
> Note that
> when text is transmitted the sequence numbers increments by 1 every
> 300/500ms where
> as for voice it would be every 20/30ms or so.
>
>
>
>
>
> > Would it be OK to you to take in the text about the M-bit
> > from RFC3551?
> >
>
> Yes.
>
>
> Thanks,
>
> --Satish
>
>
>
>
> > Gunnar
> >
> >
> > -------------------------------------------
> > Gunnar Hellstr=F6m
> > Omnitor AB
> > Renathv=E4gen 2
> > SE 121 37 Johanneshov
> > SWEDEN
> > +46 8 556 002 03
> > Mob: +46 708 204 288
> > www.omnitor.se
> > Gunnar.Hellstrom@Omnitor.se
> > --------------------------------------------
> >
> >
> > > -----Original Message-----
> > > From: avt-admin@ietf.org [mailto:avt-admin@ietf.org]On Behalf Of
> > > Mundra, Satish
> > > Sent: Tuesday, May 11, 2004 7:19 PM
> > > To: 'Gunnar Hellstrom'; Paul E. Jones; avt IETF
> > > Subject: RE: [avt] Comments/questions on
> > draft-ietf-avt-rfc2793bis-04
> > >
> > >
> > > Gunnar/Paul,
> > >
> > > Thanks for summarizing the questions. The previous comments got
> > > cross-posted, I have used your latest posting for further debate on
> > > the questions/comments. See comments inline...
> > >
> > > Regards,
> > >
> > > Satish Mundra
> > >
> > > > -----Original Message-----
> > > > From: Gunnar Hellstrom [mailto:gunnar.hellstrom@omnitor.se]
> > > > Sent: Monday, May 10, 2004 6:29 PM
> > > > To: Paul E. Jones; Mundra, Satish; avt IETF
> > > > Subject: RE: [avt] Comments/questions on
> > > > draft-ietf-avt-rfc2793bis-04
> > > >
> > > >
> > > > Satish,
> > > > I am eager to come to conclusions on your questions regarding
> > > > draft-ietf-avt-rfc2793bis-04.
> > > >
> > > > Our (Paul=B4s and mine ) understanding regarding the questions ar=
e
> > > > now:
> > > >
> > > > 1. Security risk to have the 16-bit T140block counter to always
> > > > start at 0 in a session. I mentioned that loss in the beginning
> > > > could be detected by the text stream not starting with
> > the Unicode
> > > > synchronization character, because the requirement to start with
> > > > that code is clearly stated in T.140. So, that could be
> > used and the
> > > > counter could then start at a random value. However, also this
> > > > session start code can be seen as a security risk with the same
> > > > reason as the 0 counter would be one. Are not all media full of
> > > > predictable bit patterns, like picture start headers, audio
> > > > session parameters etc?
> > > >
> > > > We would like to hear more voices if it is important to start the
> > > > counter at a random value, and instead rely on detection
> > of initial
> > > > loss by a missing Unicode Synchronization character.
> > > >
> > >
> > > See comments on the "t140block counter" below.
> > >
> > > > 2. M-bit for indication of start of text.
> > > > You hint that we should specify that the M-bit SHALL be used as
> > > > indicated in the AVT profile for indicating start of text
> > initially
> > > > in the stream and also after a gap. This could be used both to
> > > > detect loss and in order to detect when suspected loss is
> > only loss
> > > > of empty text blocks.
> > > >
> > >
> > > Yes.
> > >
> > > > Each M-bit is only sent once, so it does not get improved
> > > > reliability by redundancy. We have a mechanism with
> > marking missing
> > > > text with a Unicode replacement character, specified in
> > T.140. If in
> > > > doubt, it is better to mark too much than too little,
> > because there
> > > > will be non-printable characters that will be marked by this
> > > > character when lost. Therefore the users might know that
> > there can
> > > > be markers for missing text without any visible text missing.
> > > >
> > >
> > > Let me understand this again, the requirement for the
> > payload format
> > > is to NOT fail in detecting LOSS when occurs, misleading loss
> > > indicators are unavoidable and seem to be acceptable. [see further
> > > comments on the block counter below]
> > >
> > > > So, for audio/t140, we can select between three methods for
> > > > indicating the start of stream:  a. counter =3D0  b. M-bit
> > c. Unicode
> > > > start of stream character
> > > >
> > >
> > > See comments on counter below.
> > >
> > > > For text/t140, we can only select between two methods:
> > > >  a. M-bit
> > > >  b. Unicode start of stream character
> > > >
> > > > A missing M-bit does not give full information if a real text
> > > > element is missing. The text might be received in
> > redundant code.
> > > > But it can be used as a likely indication.
> > > >
> > > > The other methods are at least as reliable as the redundant
> > > > transmission method used.
> > > >
> > > >
> > > > For text during a session, we have the following problem:
> > What is a
> > > > gap? When shall the M-bit be set to 1? What is a text-spurt?
> > > >
> > >
> > > Borrowing from section 5.4 of draft(04), gap would be "no new T.140
> > > data to transmit after the transmit buffering interval described in
> > > section 5.1 has
> > > passed".  This defines the text-spurt which is analogous to
> > talkspurt.
> > >
> > > The M-bit behavior is from (RFC3551): "For applications which send
> > > either no packets or occasional comfort-noise packets
> > during silence,
> > > the first packet
> > > of a talkspurt, that is, the first packet after a silence
> > period during
> > > which packets have not been transmitted contiguously, SHOULD be
> > > distinguished by setting the marker bit in the RTP data
> > header to one."
> > >
> > > > For text/t140, it is hard to find a good delimitation for when a
> > > > text-spurt starts. There is no declaration of the time
> > between the
> > > > packets, just the buffering time that normally may be 300 ms, but
> > > > may vary. For the text/red/t140 case, there could be a
> > reason to use
> > > > the M-bit, when only the primary data contains valid
> > text. The other
> > > > blocks should be empty or non-existing. That is the case after a
> > > > pause. Detection of an M-bit can make sure that the risk
> > is kept low
> > > > for falsely marking loss of data during the pause. Without
> > > > the use of the M-bit, falsely marking lost text will occur
> > > > slightly more often.
> > > >
> > >
> > > The text-spurt starts with the packet that you transmit after a
> > > zero-length block is transmitted, that happens whenever the T.140
> > > buffering interval expires and no new data
> > > is available for transmission.
> > >
> > >
> > > > For the plain text/t140 format, I do not see any need for marking
> > > > the first packet after a longer pause.
> > > >
> > >
> > > It helps in situations when one can not include a
> > zero-length block as
> > > redundant data because it's too old.
> > >
> > > > For red/audio/t140 I see no need for the M-bit. The
> > counter give a
> > > > better reliability.
> > > >
> > >
> > > During a interval where text is transmitted contiguously, the
> > > block-counter and the RTP sequence numbers are in sync. So
> > I guess the
> > > counter is only useful at the boundaries when
> > > switchover between voice/text payload is occurring.  Under
> > certain loss
> > > scenarios or when both marker and zero-length blocks are lost
> > > one could have
> > > misleading text loss-indicator which in any case are
> > > unavoidable. In either
> > > case you would detect loss as required.
> > >
> > > As I mentioned earlier, I am unconvinced about the
> > usefulness of the
> > > block counter. During contiguous text transmission the
> > counter and RTP
> > > sequence numbers are in sync. Even if marker is lost, one
> > could sync
> > > to the first sequence number that can be deriver or is
> > present in the
> > > header. IMO, different redundancy rules for text/t140 and
> > audio/t140
> > > can be unified and
> > > implementation simplified.
> > >
> > > > The current RFC2793 does not specify the use of the M-bit.
> > > > RFC2793bis should be compatible with RFC2793 for text/t140 and
> > > > text/red/t140. Using the M-bit for RFC2793 bis would be a
> > step off
> > > > from that direction.
> > > >
> > > > Anyway, it does little harm, so if there are voices for
> > it, we could
> > > > say that the transmitter MUST use the M-bit to indicate start of
> > > > stream, and start after a pause. The receiver MAY use it for
> > > > detection of loss.
> > > >
> > > >
> > > > Please advice
> > > >
> > > > Regards
> > > >
> > > > Gunnar
> > > > --------------------------------------------------------------
> > > > -------------
> > > > -------
> > > >
> > > >
> > > > Satish,
> > > > Further answers inline,
> > > >
> > > > Gunnar
> > > >
> > > > -------------------------------------------
> > > > Gunnar Hellstr=F6m
> > > > Omnitor AB
> > > > Renathv=E4gen 2
> > > > SE 121 37 Johanneshov
> > > > SWEDEN
> > > > +46 8 556 002 03
> > > > Mob: +46 708 204 288
> > > > www.omnitor.se
> > > > Gunnar.Hellstrom@Omnitor.se
> > > > --------------------------------------------
> > > >
> > > >
> > > > > -----Original Message-----
> > > > > From: Paul E. Jones [mailto:paulej@packetizer.com]
> > > > > Sent: Thursday, May 06, 2004 11:10 PM
> > > > > To: Mundra, Satish; 'Gunnar Hellstrom'; avt IETF
> > > > > Subject: Re: [avt] Comments/questions on
> > > > > draft-ietf-avt-rfc2793bis-03/04
> > > > >
> > > > >
> > >
> > > X--------snip
> > >
> > > _______________________________________________
> > > Audio/Video Transport Working Group
> > > avt@ietf.org
> > > https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt
> > >
> > >
> >
> >
>
> _______________________________________________
> Audio/Video Transport Working Group
> avt@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt
>
>



_______________________________________________
Audio/Video Transport Working Group
avt@ietf.org
https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt



From exim@www1.ietf.org  Thu May 13 04:42:31 2004
Received: from optimus.ietf.org (www.iesg.org [132.151.1.19])
	by ietf.org (8.9.1a/8.9.1a) with ESMTP id EAA28313
	for <avt-archive@odin.ietf.org>; Thu, 13 May 2004 04:42:31 -0400 (EDT)
Received: from localhost.localdomain ([127.0.0.1] helo=www1.ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BOBi1-0005He-RJ
	for avt-archive@odin.ietf.org; Thu, 13 May 2004 04:36:54 -0400
Received: (from exim@localhost)
	by www1.ietf.org (8.12.8/8.12.8/Submit) id i4D8arO0020311
	for avt-archive@odin.ietf.org; Thu, 13 May 2004 04:36:53 -0400
Received: from localhost.localdomain ([127.0.0.1] helo=www1.ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BOBXV-0003Mp-MF; Thu, 13 May 2004 04:26:01 -0400
Received: from odin.ietf.org ([132.151.1.176] helo=ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BO15Q-0004oZ-6S
	for avt@optimus.ietf.org; Wed, 12 May 2004 17:16:20 -0400
Received: from ietf-mx (ietf-mx.ietf.org [132.151.6.1])
	by ietf.org (8.9.1a/8.9.1a) with ESMTP id RAA12390
	for <avt@ietf.org>; Wed, 12 May 2004 17:16:17 -0400 (EDT)
Received: from ietf-mx.ietf.org ([132.151.6.1] helo=ietf-mx)
	by ietf-mx with esmtp (Exim 4.32)
	id 1BO15N-0002sX-UO
	for avt@ietf.org; Wed, 12 May 2004 17:16:18 -0400
Received: from exim by ietf-mx with spam-scanned (Exim 4.12)
	id 1BO14R-0002Ih-00
	for avt@ietf.org; Wed, 12 May 2004 17:15:20 -0400
Received: from sj-iport-3-in.cisco.com ([171.71.176.72] helo=sj-iport-3.cisco.com)
	by ietf-mx with esmtp (Exim 4.12)
	id 1BO13S-0001g4-00
	for avt@ietf.org; Wed, 12 May 2004 17:14:18 -0400
Received: from sj-core-2.cisco.com (171.71.177.254)
  by sj-iport-3.cisco.com with ESMTP; 12 May 2004 13:19:56 +0000
Received: from mira-sjc5-b.cisco.com (IDENT:mirapoint@mira-sjc5-b.cisco.com [171.71.163.14])
	by sj-core-2.cisco.com (8.12.10/8.12.6) with ESMTP id i4CLDkSu005934;
	Wed, 12 May 2004 14:13:47 -0700 (PDT)
Received: from [128.107.165.143] (dhcp-128-107-165-143.cisco.com [128.107.165.143])
	by mira-sjc5-b.cisco.com (MOS 3.4.5-GR)
	with ESMTP id ATC92293;
	Wed, 12 May 2004 14:12:59 -0700 (PDT)
In-Reply-To: <20040512090351.25785.qmail@web61310.mail.yahoo.com>
References: <20040512090351.25785.qmail@web61310.mail.yahoo.com>
Mime-Version: 1.0 (Apple Message framework v613)
Content-Type: multipart/alternative; boundary=Apple-Mail-2-862527985
Message-Id: <4194DBCE-A459-11D8-AA34-0003935495EC@cisco.com>
Cc: AVT <avt@ietf.org>, SRTP <srtp-users@lists.sourceforge.net>
From: "David A. McGrew" <mcgrew@cisco.com>
Subject: Re: [Srtp-users] [AVT] RFC 3711 - questions about cryptographic context
Date: Wed, 12 May 2004 14:13:46 -0700
To: tal shahar <morgentuo@yahoo.com>
X-Mailer: Apple Mail (2.613)
X-Spam-Checker-Version: SpamAssassin 2.60 (1.212-2003-09-23-exp) on 
	ietf-mx.ietf.org
X-Spam-Status: No, hits=0.0 required=5.0 tests=AWL autolearn=no version=2.60
Sender: avt-admin@ietf.org
Errors-To: avt-admin@ietf.org
X-BeenThere: avt@ietf.org
X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.12
Precedence: bulk
List-Unsubscribe: <https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt>,
	<mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=unsubscribe>
List-Id: Audio/Video Transport Working Group <avt.ietf.org>
List-Post: <mailto:avt@ietf.org>
List-Help: <mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=help>
List-Subscribe: <https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt>,
	<mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=subscribe>


--Apple-Mail-2-862527985
Content-Type: text/plain;
	charset=ISO-8859-1;
	format=flowed
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable

Tal,

On May 12, 2004, at 2:03 AM, tal shahar wrote:

> hi David and thanks again
> I didnt define my question properly, the question is whether a key=20
> exchange will give me a list of <from, to> / MKI and their master key=20=

> along. or will I get one at a time.
> if I understand correct, the key exchange protocol can decide on=20
> giving me all (or some) of the keys in advance - this will require me=20=

> (the SRTP implementation) to do something like switching master=20
> keys=A0for the appropriate index - is it right ?

Yes, that's right.

> =A0
> about the second question
>  we were pondring this issue for quite a while
> as far as I can understand the RFC does lean torward having the SRTP=20=

> triggering this process
> I'd like to quote a few things from the RFC, please tell me what you=20=

> think
> 1. 8.1. SRTP senders SHALL count the amount of SRTP and SRTCP traffic=20=

> being=A0used for a master key and invoke key management to re-key if=20=

> needed.
> 2. (9.2) That=A0is, when 2^48 SRTP packets or 2^31 SRTCP packets have=20=

> been secured
> =A0=A0 with the same key (whichever occurs before), the key management=20=

> MUST=A0be called to provide new master key(s)
> 3. (11.2) If there are more than one SRTP/SRTCP stream (within the=20
> same RTP=A0session) that share the master key, the upper limit of 2^48=20=

> SRTP=A0packets / 2^31 SRTCP packets means that, before one of the=20
> streams=A0reaches its maximum number of packets, re-keying MUST be=20
> triggered on=A0ALL streams sharing the master key.=A0
>

Agreed.  SRTP, like RTP, relies on external signaling to set up its=20
sessions, and for SRTP, this means that keys and other parameters are=20
provided by some external mechanism.  But in SRTP there is also the=20
strong requirement to not overuse a key, and the authors tried to=20
highlight that need.

Daivd


>  =A0
> thanks a lot
> Tal
> "David A. McGrew" <mcgrew@cisco.com> wrote:
> Tal,
>
> On May 10, 2004, at 12:22 AM, tal shahar wrote:
>
> > sorry, I missed the attachment
> >
> > Note: forwarded message attached.
> >
> > Do you Yahoo!?
> > Win a $20,000 Career Makeover at Yahoo! HotJobs
> > From: tal shahar
>  > Date: May 9, 2004 7:26:00 AM PDT
> > To: "David A. McGrew"
>  > Subject: Re: [Srtp-users] [AVT] RFC 3711 - questions about
>  > cryptographic context
> >
> >
> > David hi and thanks a lot
> > as far as I understand, the key exchange protocol provides you with
>  > the value.
> > so ,does the key exchange give you a bunch of values and
>  > their corresponding keys.
> > another question, does this apply also to the MKI implementation,=20
> i.e.
>  > the key exchange provides you with a list of MKIs and their
>  > corresponding keys.
>
> Yes, if you're using an MKI, then the key management protocol will =
need
>  to supply that value along with the key. Similarly, if a
> packet index pair is associated with a key, then the pair would need =
to
> be communicated with the key.
>
> This is described in Section 8.2. of RFC 3711, "Key Management
>  Parameters".
>
> > =A0
> > it is also not totally clear to me whether the sender triggers the
>  > re-keying or should it be triggered in the key exchange protocol,=20=

> and
>  > the sender should just enforce it
>
> Good question, and it is clearly and important system design point.
>  SRTP doesn't dictate how this is done. Clearly a key management =
system
>  can provide new keys to an SRTP implementation, e.g. "here's a new =
key
>  and the MKI to go with it". Also, an SRTP layer could trigger key
>  management into getting new keys for it, though that is out of the
>  scope of the RFC.
>
> In libSRTP, there is an event/callback system by which SRTP can
>  indicate to another system that some interesting event happened (see
>  Section 4.3 of the "libSRTP 1.3 Overview and Reference Manual"). Two
>  of these events are:
>
> event_key_soft_limit An SRTP stream reached the soft key usage limit
>  and will expire soon.
> event_key_hard_limit An SRTP stream reached the hard key usage limit
>  and has expired.
>
> So the callback can recognize a key-expiration event and could call a
> key management function. Of course, the key management system would
>  need to get the new key to all of the participants in the SRTP=20
> session.
>
> David
>
> >
> > "David A. McGrew" wrote:
> > Tal,
> >
> > On May 9, 2004, at 2:03 AM, tal shahar wrote:
> >
> > > hi
> > > in 3.2.1.=A0 Transform-independent parameters
> > > 1. the RFC states that the cryptographic context should hold the=20=

> the
> > > master key(s)
> > > assuming I wish to have SRTP and SRTCP sharing the same master =
key,
> > > what is the situation where I have more than one key
> >
> > if I understand right, you are wondering why the "(s)" appears in =
the
> > quote from the RFC. This is because there might be multiple master
> > keys, each of which is used for a particular range of the packet=20
> index
> > (that is, the 48-bit integer that is the concatenation of the ROC =
and
> > the sequence number). libSRTP does not support this facility, and I
> > expect that the vast majority of users won't miss it.
> >
> >
> > > 2. if I have only one master key, why do I need to hold the MKI
> >
> > You don't, though you might need to store the fact that you are not
> > using an MKI. libSRTP does not support MKIs as of yet. I don't think
> > that it would be hard to add this feature.
> >
> > David
> >
> > > =A0
> > > thanks a lot
> > > tal
> > >
> > > Do you Yahoo!?
> > > Win a $20,000 Career Makeover at Yahoo! HotJobs
> >
> > Do you Yahoo!?
> > Win a $20,000 Career Makeover at Yahoo! HotJobs
>
> Do you Yahoo!?
>
> Yahoo! Movies - Buy advance tickets for 'Shrek 2'=20=

--Apple-Mail-2-862527985
Content-Type: text/enriched;
	charset=ISO-8859-1
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable

Tal,


On May 12, 2004, at 2:03 AM, tal shahar wrote:


<excerpt>hi David and thanks again

I didnt define my question properly, the question is whether a key
exchange will give me a list of <<from, to> / MKI and their master key
along. or will I get one at a time.

if I understand correct, the key exchange protocol can decide on
giving me all (or some) of the keys in advance - this will require me
(the SRTP implementation) to do something like switching master
keys=A0for the appropriate index - is it right ?

</excerpt>

Yes, that's right.


<excerpt>=A0

about the second question

 we were pondring this issue for quite a while

as far as I can understand the RFC does lean torward having the SRTP
triggering this process

I'd like to quote a few things from the RFC, please tell me what you
think

1. 8.1. SRTP senders SHALL count the amount of SRTP and SRTCP traffic
being=A0used for a master key and <bold>invoke </bold>key management to
re-key if needed.

2. (9.2) That=A0is, when 2^48 SRTP packets or 2^31 SRTCP packets have
been secured

=A0=A0 with the same key (whichever occurs before), the key management
MUST=A0be <bold>called </bold>to provide new master key(s)

3. (11.2) If there are more than one SRTP/SRTCP stream (within the
same RTP=A0session) that share the master key, the upper limit of 2^48
SRTP=A0packets / 2^31 SRTCP packets means that, before one of the
streams=A0reaches its maximum number of packets, re-keying MUST be
<bold>triggered </bold>on=A0ALL streams sharing the master key.=A0


</excerpt>

Agreed.  SRTP, like RTP, relies on external signaling to set up its
sessions, and for SRTP, this means that keys and other parameters are
provided by some external mechanism.  But in SRTP there is also the
strong requirement to not overuse a key, and the authors tried to
highlight that need.


Daivd



<excerpt> =A0

thanks a lot

Tal

<bold><italic>"David A. McGrew" <<mcgrew@cisco.com></italic></bold>
wrote:

Tal,


On May 10, 2004, at 12:22 AM, tal shahar wrote:


> sorry, I missed the attachment

>

> Note: forwarded message attached.

>

> Do you Yahoo!?

> Win a $20,000 Career Makeover at Yahoo! HotJobs

> From: tal shahar

 > Date: May 9, 2004 7:26:00 AM PDT

> To: "David A. McGrew"

 > Subject: Re: [Srtp-users] [AVT] RFC 3711 - questions about

 > cryptographic context

>

>

> David hi and thanks a lot

> as far as I understand, the key exchange protocol provides you with

 > the value.

> so ,does the key exchange give you a bunch of values and

 > their corresponding keys.

> another question, does this apply also to the MKI implementation,
i.e.

 > the key exchange provides you with a list of MKIs and their

 > corresponding keys.


Yes, if you're using an MKI, then the key management protocol will need

 to supply that value along with the key. Similarly, if a=20

packet index pair is associated with a key, then the pair would need
to=20

be communicated with the key.


This is described in Section 8.2. of RFC 3711, "Key Management

 Parameters".


> =A0

> it is also not totally clear to me whether the sender triggers the

 > re-keying or should it be triggered in the key exchange protocol,
and

 > the sender should just enforce it


Good question, and it is clearly and important system design point.

 SRTP doesn't dictate how this is done. Clearly a key management system

 can provide new keys to an SRTP implementation, e.g. "here's a new key

 and the MKI to go with it". Also, an SRTP layer could trigger key

 management into getting new keys for it, though that is out of the

 scope of the RFC.


In libSRTP, there is an event/callback system by which SRTP can

 indicate to another system that some interesting event happened (see

 Section 4.3 of the "libSRTP 1.3 Overview and Reference Manual"). Two

 of these events are:


event_key_soft_limit An SRTP stream reached the soft key usage limit

 and will expire soon.

event_key_hard_limit An SRTP stream reached the hard key usage limit

 and has expired.


So the callback can recognize a key-expiration event and could call a=20

key management function. Of course, the key management system would

 need to get the new key to all of the participants in the SRTP
session.


David


>

> "David A. McGrew" wrote:

> Tal,

>

> On May 9, 2004, at 2:03 AM, tal shahar wrote:

>

> > hi

> > in 3.2.1.=A0 Transform-independent parameters

> > 1. the RFC states that the cryptographic context should hold the
the

> > master key(s)

> > assuming I wish to have SRTP and SRTCP sharing the same master key,

> > what is the situation where I have more than one key

>

> if I understand right, you are wondering why the "(s)" appears in the

> quote from the RFC. This is because there might be multiple master

> keys, each of which is used for a particular range of the packet
index

> (that is, the 48-bit integer that is the concatenation of the ROC and

> the sequence number). libSRTP does not support this facility, and I

> expect that the vast majority of users won't miss it.

>

>

> > 2. if I have only one master key, why do I need to hold the MKI

>

> You don't, though you might need to store the fact that you are not

> using an MKI. libSRTP does not support MKIs as of yet. I don't think

> that it would be hard to add this feature.

>

> David

>

> > =A0

> > thanks a lot

> > tal

> >

> > Do you Yahoo!?

> > Win a $20,000 Career Makeover at Yahoo! HotJobs

>

> Do you Yahoo!?

> Win a $20,000 Career Makeover at Yahoo! HotJobs


<fontfamily><param>Arial</param><smaller><x-tad-smaller>Do you =
Yahoo!?</x-tad-smaller></smaller></fontfamily></excerpt><excerpt>


<fontfamily><param>Arial</param><smaller><x-tad-smaller>Yahoo! Movies
- </x-tad-smaller><color><param>0000,0000,EEED</param><x-tad-smaller>Buy
advance tickets for 'Shrek
2'</x-tad-smaller></color></smaller></fontfamily></excerpt><excerpt> =
</excerpt>=

--Apple-Mail-2-862527985--


_______________________________________________
Audio/Video Transport Working Group
avt@ietf.org
https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt



From exim@www1.ietf.org  Thu May 13 10:38:03 2004
Received: from optimus.ietf.org (iesg.org [132.151.1.19])
	by ietf.org (8.9.1a/8.9.1a) with ESMTP id KAA16324
	for <avt-archive@odin.ietf.org>; Thu, 13 May 2004 10:38:03 -0400 (EDT)
Received: from localhost.localdomain ([127.0.0.1] helo=www1.ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BOHHc-0004do-Sa
	for avt-archive@odin.ietf.org; Thu, 13 May 2004 10:34:01 -0400
Received: (from exim@localhost)
	by www1.ietf.org (8.12.8/8.12.8/Submit) id i4DEY0Fr017835
	for avt-archive@odin.ietf.org; Thu, 13 May 2004 10:34:00 -0400
Received: from localhost.localdomain ([127.0.0.1] helo=www1.ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BOHAs-0002nl-P9; Thu, 13 May 2004 10:27:02 -0400
Received: from odin.ietf.org ([132.151.1.176] helo=ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BOH6P-0001fr-JV
	for avt@optimus.ietf.org; Thu, 13 May 2004 10:22:25 -0400
Received: from ietf-mx (ietf-mx.ietf.org [132.151.6.1])
	by ietf.org (8.9.1a/8.9.1a) with ESMTP id KAA15266
	for <avt@ietf.org>; Thu, 13 May 2004 10:22:22 -0400 (EDT)
Received: from ietf-mx.ietf.org ([132.151.6.1] helo=ietf-mx)
	by ietf-mx with esmtp (Exim 4.32)
	id 1BOH6N-0007W2-9I
	for avt@ietf.org; Thu, 13 May 2004 10:22:23 -0400
Received: from exim by ietf-mx with spam-scanned (Exim 4.12)
	id 1BOH5N-0006vc-00
	for avt@ietf.org; Thu, 13 May 2004 10:21:22 -0400
Received: from [80.74.106.125] (helo=rvil-mail.RADVISION.com)
	by ietf-mx with esmtp (Exim 4.12)
	id 1BOH4Y-0006Ke-00
	for avt@ietf.org; Thu, 13 May 2004 10:20:30 -0400
X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft Exchange V6.0.6487.1
content-class: urn:content-classes:message
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: multipart/alternative;
	boundary="----_=_NextPart_001_01C438F5.B001B88D"
Date: Thu, 13 May 2004 17:22:14 +0300
Message-ID: <D44BDA2CDAC4664B8DFE8ECF523CFEE32CCEED@rvil-mail.radvision.com>
Thread-Topic: RFC3711, MKI length question
Thread-Index: AcQ49a/hxl8JXVAjRpiimWT7DNNlYQ==
From: "Ofer Goren" <oferg@radvision.com>
To: <avt@ietf.org>, <srtp-users@lists.sourceforge.net>
X-Spam-Checker-Version: SpamAssassin 2.60 (1.212-2003-09-23-exp) on 
	ietf-mx.ietf.org
X-Spam-Status: No, hits=0.3 required=5.0 tests=AWL,HTML_40_50,HTML_MESSAGE 
	autolearn=no version=2.60
Subject: [AVT] RFC3711, MKI length question
Sender: avt-admin@ietf.org
Errors-To: avt-admin@ietf.org
X-BeenThere: avt@ietf.org
X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.12
Precedence: bulk
List-Unsubscribe: <https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt>,
	<mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=unsubscribe>
List-Id: Audio/Video Transport Working Group <avt.ietf.org>
List-Post: <mailto:avt@ietf.org>
List-Help: <mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=help>
List-Subscribe: <https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt>,
	<mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=subscribe>

This is a multi-part message in MIME format.

------_=_NextPart_001_01C438F5.B001B88D
Content-Type: text/plain;
	charset="windows-1255"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable

Hi all.
=20
According to the RFC, Section 3.3, bullet 3, one should use the MKI (if =
exist in the packet) to retrieve the master key in the crypto context.
My question is this, and it is implementation related: if I need to use =
the MKI, I need to know its length before. Can I assume the user (user =
application) sets and stores the value on a per-session base? This means =
that all MKIs associated with that session has the same length.
The same goes to n_tag parameter.
=20
Thanks,=20
=20
Ofer Goren
=20

------_=_NextPart_001_01C438F5.B001B88D
Content-Type: text/html;
	charset="windows-1255"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable

<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN">
<HTML><HEAD>
<META HTTP-EQUIV=3D"Content-Type" CONTENT=3D"text/html; =
charset=3Dwindows-1255">


<META content=3D"MSHTML 6.00.2800.1400" name=3DGENERATOR></HEAD>
<BODY>
<DIV><SPAN class=3D702531114-13052004><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2>Hi=20
all.</FONT></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=3D702531114-13052004><FONT face=3DArial=20
size=3D2></FONT></SPAN>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=3D702531114-13052004><FONT face=3DArial =
size=3D2>According to the=20
RFC, Section 3.3, bullet 3, one should use the MKI (if exist in the =
packet) to=20
retrieve the master key in the crypto context.</FONT></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=3D702531114-13052004><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2>My =
question is this,=20
and it is implementation related: if I need to use the MKI, I need to =
know its=20
length before.&nbsp;Can I assume the user (user application) sets and =
stores the=20
value on a per-session base? This means that all&nbsp;MKIs =
associated&nbsp;with=20
that session has the same length.</FONT></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3DArial><FONT size=3D2><SPAN =
class=3D702531114-13052004>The same goes=20
to n_tag parameter.</SPAN></FONT></FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3DArial><FONT size=3D2><SPAN=20
class=3D702531114-13052004></SPAN></FONT></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3DArial><FONT size=3D2><SPAN=20
class=3D702531114-13052004>Thanks,</SPAN><SPAN=20
class=3D702531114-13052004>&nbsp;</SPAN></FONT></FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2>
<DIV><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2>Ofer Goren</FONT></DIV></FONT></DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV></BODY></HTML>

------_=_NextPart_001_01C438F5.B001B88D--

_______________________________________________
Audio/Video Transport Working Group
avt@ietf.org
https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt



From exim@www1.ietf.org  Thu May 13 11:11:08 2004
Received: from optimus.ietf.org (iesg.org [132.151.1.19])
	by ietf.org (8.9.1a/8.9.1a) with ESMTP id LAA17975
	for <avt-archive@odin.ietf.org>; Thu, 13 May 2004 11:11:08 -0400 (EDT)
Received: from localhost.localdomain ([127.0.0.1] helo=www1.ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BOHlG-0003Ty-8U
	for avt-archive@odin.ietf.org; Thu, 13 May 2004 11:04:38 -0400
Received: (from exim@localhost)
	by www1.ietf.org (8.12.8/8.12.8/Submit) id i4DF4cLg013338
	for avt-archive@odin.ietf.org; Thu, 13 May 2004 11:04:38 -0400
Received: from localhost.localdomain ([127.0.0.1] helo=www1.ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BOHfq-0002XX-QA; Thu, 13 May 2004 10:59:02 -0400
Received: from odin.ietf.org ([132.151.1.176] helo=ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BOHXQ-0000X7-59
	for avt@optimus.ietf.org; Thu, 13 May 2004 10:50:20 -0400
Received: from ietf-mx (ietf-mx.ietf.org [132.151.6.1])
	by ietf.org (8.9.1a/8.9.1a) with ESMTP id KAA17092
	for <avt@ietf.org>; Thu, 13 May 2004 10:50:16 -0400 (EDT)
Received: from ietf-mx.ietf.org ([132.151.6.1] helo=ietf-mx)
	by ietf-mx with esmtp (Exim 4.32)
	id 1BOHXN-0007fK-LT
	for avt@ietf.org; Thu, 13 May 2004 10:50:17 -0400
Received: from exim by ietf-mx with spam-scanned (Exim 4.12)
	id 1BOHWL-00072f-00
	for avt@ietf.org; Thu, 13 May 2004 10:49:14 -0400
Received: from m5tmail.m5t.com ([66.129.134.18])
	by ietf-mx with esmtp (Exim 4.12)
	id 1BOHVF-0005wH-00
	for avt@ietf.org; Thu, 13 May 2004 10:48:05 -0400
Content-Class: urn:content-classes:message
Subject: RE: [AVT] RFC3711, MKI length question
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain;
	charset="windows-1255"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
X-MIMEOLE: Produced By Microsoft Exchange V6.0.6487.1
Date: Thu, 13 May 2004 10:47:48 -0400
Message-ID: <AB5AF73EAF23304EA1B932174137CED70322E1@m5tmail.m5t.com>
Thread-Topic: RFC3711, MKI length question
Thread-Index: AcQ49a/hxl8JXVAjRpiimWT7DNNlYQAAmqkw
From: "Sylvain Latulippe" <slatulippe@m5t.com>
To: "Ofer Goren" <oferg@radvision.com>, <avt@ietf.org>,
        <srtp-users@lists.sourceforge.net>
X-Spam-Checker-Version: SpamAssassin 2.60 (1.212-2003-09-23-exp) on 
	ietf-mx.ietf.org
X-Spam-Status: No, hits=0.0 required=5.0 tests=none autolearn=no version=2.60
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
Sender: avt-admin@ietf.org
Errors-To: avt-admin@ietf.org
X-BeenThere: avt@ietf.org
X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.12
Precedence: bulk
List-Unsubscribe: <https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt>,
	<mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=unsubscribe>
List-Id: Audio/Video Transport Working Group <avt.ietf.org>
List-Post: <mailto:avt@ietf.org>
List-Help: <mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=help>
List-Subscribe: <https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt>,
	<mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=subscribe>
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable

Hi,

I also assume that MKI length and n_tag are initialized at session =
configuration and won't change. I don't see any cases where it would be =
necessary to modify these values during a session.

Sylvain

-----Original Message-----
From: avt-admin@ietf.org [mailto:avt-admin@ietf.org]On Behalf Of Ofer =
Goren
Sent: 13 mai, 2004 10:22
To: avt@ietf.org; srtp-users@lists.sourceforge.net
Subject: [AVT] RFC3711, MKI length question


Hi all.

According to the RFC, Section 3.3, bullet 3, one should use the MKI (if =
exist in the packet) to retrieve the master key in the crypto context.
My question is this, and it is implementation related: if I need to use =
the MKI, I need to know its length before. Can I assume the user (user =
application) sets and stores the value on a per-session base? This means =
that all MKIs associated with that session has the same length.
The same goes to n_tag parameter.

Thanks,=20

Ofer Goren

_______________________________________________
Audio/Video Transport Working Group
avt@ietf.org
https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt



From exim@www1.ietf.org  Thu May 13 11:15:06 2004
Received: from optimus.ietf.org (iesg.org [132.151.1.19])
	by ietf.org (8.9.1a/8.9.1a) with ESMTP id LAA18072
	for <avt-archive@odin.ietf.org>; Thu, 13 May 2004 11:15:06 -0400 (EDT)
Received: from localhost.localdomain ([127.0.0.1] helo=www1.ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BOHoo-0004Oc-2m
	for avt-archive@odin.ietf.org; Thu, 13 May 2004 11:08:18 -0400
Received: (from exim@localhost)
	by www1.ietf.org (8.12.8/8.12.8/Submit) id i4DF8Igb016890
	for avt-archive@odin.ietf.org; Thu, 13 May 2004 11:08:18 -0400
Received: from localhost.localdomain ([127.0.0.1] helo=www1.ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BOHgn-0002jy-JB; Thu, 13 May 2004 11:00:01 -0400
Received: from odin.ietf.org ([132.151.1.176] helo=ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BOHew-0002Cx-Ju
	for avt@optimus.ietf.org; Thu, 13 May 2004 10:58:06 -0400
Received: from ietf-mx (ietf-mx.ietf.org [132.151.6.1])
	by ietf.org (8.9.1a/8.9.1a) with ESMTP id KAA17406
	for <avt@ietf.org>; Thu, 13 May 2004 10:58:02 -0400 (EDT)
Received: from ietf-mx.ietf.org ([132.151.6.1] helo=ietf-mx)
	by ietf-mx with esmtp (Exim 4.32)
	id 1BOHet-0004Cd-UF
	for avt@ietf.org; Thu, 13 May 2004 10:58:04 -0400
Received: from exim by ietf-mx with spam-scanned (Exim 4.12)
	id 1BOHdu-0003fJ-00
	for avt@ietf.org; Thu, 13 May 2004 10:57:03 -0400
Received: from eagle.ericsson.se ([193.180.251.53])
	by ietf-mx with esmtp (Exim 4.12)
	id 1BOHcf-0002cc-00
	for avt@ietf.org; Thu, 13 May 2004 10:55:45 -0400
Received: from esealmw141.al.sw.ericsson.se ([153.88.254.120])
	by eagle.ericsson.se (8.12.10/8.12.10/WIREfire-1.8b) with ESMTP id i4DEtiAh014381
	for <avt@ietf.org>; Thu, 13 May 2004 16:55:44 +0200
Received: from esealnt610.al.sw.ericsson.se ([153.88.254.120]) by esealmw141.al.sw.ericsson.se with Microsoft SMTPSVC(6.0.3790.0);
	 Thu, 13 May 2004 16:55:44 +0200
Received: from ericsson.com (permit153.er.ki.sw.ericsson.se [147.214.97.153]) by esealnt610.al.sw.ericsson.se with SMTP (Microsoft Exchange Internet Mail Service Version 5.5.2657.72)
	id KWS174A0; Thu, 13 May 2004 16:55:53 +0200
Message-ID: <40A38C6F.1030003@ericsson.com>
Date: Thu, 13 May 2004 16:55:43 +0200
X-Sybari-Trust: 4e739d05 3becbf40 0537a248 00000139
From: =?windows-1255?Q?Mats_Na=22slund?= <mats.naslund@ericsson.com>
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.0; en-US; rv:1.4) Gecko/20030624 Netscape/7.1 (ax)
X-Accept-Language: en-us, en
MIME-Version: 1.0
To: Ofer Goren <oferg@radvision.com>
CC: avt@ietf.org, srtp-users@lists.sourceforge.net
Subject: Re: [AVT] RFC3711, MKI length question
References: <D44BDA2CDAC4664B8DFE8ECF523CFEE32CCEED@rvil-mail.radvision.com>
In-Reply-To: <D44BDA2CDAC4664B8DFE8ECF523CFEE32CCEED@rvil-mail.radvision.com>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii; format=flowed
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
X-OriginalArrivalTime: 13 May 2004 14:55:44.0573 (UTC) FILETIME=[5E25C6D0:01C438FA]
X-Spam-Checker-Version: SpamAssassin 2.60 (1.212-2003-09-23-exp) on 
	ietf-mx.ietf.org
X-Spam-Status: No, hits=0.0 required=5.0 tests=none autolearn=no version=2.60
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Sender: avt-admin@ietf.org
Errors-To: avt-admin@ietf.org
X-BeenThere: avt@ietf.org
X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.12
Precedence: bulk
List-Unsubscribe: <https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt>,
	<mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=unsubscribe>
List-Id: Audio/Video Transport Working Group <avt.ietf.org>
List-Post: <mailto:avt@ietf.org>
List-Help: <mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=help>
List-Subscribe: <https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt>,
	<mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=subscribe>
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit

Hi

The cryptographic context stores the MKI_length value, and the value
is typically provided via key managament/session set-up, defined by
user/application preference. (I would assume that 32 bits usually suffices.)

You are correct in that the length MUST be fixed for the
session (this is explicitly stated in the RFC).


cheers

/Mats

Ofer Goren wrote:

>Hi all.
> 
>According to the RFC, Section 3.3, bullet 3, one should use the MKI (if exist in the packet) to retrieve the master key in the crypto context.
>My question is this, and it is implementation related: if I need to use the MKI, I need to know its length before. Can I assume the user (user application) sets and stores the value on a per-session base? This means that all MKIs associated with that session has the same length.
>The same goes to n_tag parameter.
> 
>Thanks, 
> 
>Ofer Goren
> 
>  
>



_______________________________________________
Audio/Video Transport Working Group
avt@ietf.org
https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt



From exim@www1.ietf.org  Thu May 13 13:58:03 2004
Received: from optimus.ietf.org (www.iesg.org [132.151.1.19])
	by ietf.org (8.9.1a/8.9.1a) with ESMTP id NAA29177
	for <avt-archive@odin.ietf.org>; Thu, 13 May 2004 13:58:03 -0400 (EDT)
Received: from localhost.localdomain ([127.0.0.1] helo=www1.ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BOJy9-0005Sv-9U
	for avt-archive@odin.ietf.org; Thu, 13 May 2004 13:26:05 -0400
Received: (from exim@localhost)
	by www1.ietf.org (8.12.8/8.12.8/Submit) id i4DHQ586020985
	for avt-archive@odin.ietf.org; Thu, 13 May 2004 13:26:05 -0400
Received: from localhost.localdomain ([127.0.0.1] helo=www1.ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BOJau-0004wg-0W; Thu, 13 May 2004 13:02:04 -0400
Received: from odin.ietf.org ([132.151.1.176] helo=ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BOJVA-0003zl-UT
	for avt@optimus.ietf.org; Thu, 13 May 2004 12:56:11 -0400
Received: from ietf-mx (ietf-mx.ietf.org [132.151.6.1])
	by ietf.org (8.9.1a/8.9.1a) with ESMTP id MAA23213
	for <avt@ietf.org>; Thu, 13 May 2004 12:56:05 -0400 (EDT)
Received: from ietf-mx.ietf.org ([132.151.6.1] helo=ietf-mx)
	by ietf-mx with esmtp (Exim 4.32)
	id 1BOJV9-0004Re-6U
	for avt@ietf.org; Thu, 13 May 2004 12:56:07 -0400
Received: from exim by ietf-mx with spam-scanned (Exim 4.12)
	id 1BOJU7-0003tM-00
	for avt@ietf.org; Thu, 13 May 2004 12:55:04 -0400
Received: from sj-iport-5.cisco.com ([171.68.10.87])
	by ietf-mx with esmtp (Exim 4.12)
	id 1BOJSw-0002li-00
	for avt@ietf.org; Thu, 13 May 2004 12:53:50 -0400
Received: from sj-core-4.cisco.com (171.68.223.138)
  by sj-iport-5.cisco.com with ESMTP; 13 May 2004 09:52:24 -0700
Received: from mbaugher-w2k07.cisco.com (sjc-vpn1-501.cisco.com [10.21.97.245])
	by sj-core-4.cisco.com (8.12.10/8.12.6) with ESMTP id i4DGr9jP019803;
	Thu, 13 May 2004 09:53:09 -0700 (PDT)
Message-Id: <6.0.0.22.2.20040513095248.0453bdc0@mira-sjc5-6.cisco.com>
X-Sender: mbaugher@mira-sjc5-6.cisco.com
X-Mailer: QUALCOMM Windows Eudora Version 6.0.0.22
Date: Thu, 13 May 2004 09:53:34 -0700
To: "Sylvain Latulippe" <slatulippe@m5t.com>
From: Mark Baugher <mbaugher@cisco.com>
Subject: RE: [AVT] RFC3711, MKI length question
Cc: <avt@ietf.org>, <srtp-users@lists.sourceforge.net>
In-Reply-To: <AB5AF73EAF23304EA1B932174137CED70322E1@m5tmail.m5t.com>
References: <AB5AF73EAF23304EA1B932174137CED70322E1@m5tmail.m5t.com>
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"; format=flowed
X-Spam-Checker-Version: SpamAssassin 2.60 (1.212-2003-09-23-exp) on 
	ietf-mx.ietf.org
X-Spam-Status: No, hits=0.1 required=5.0 tests=AWL autolearn=no version=2.60
Sender: avt-admin@ietf.org
Errors-To: avt-admin@ietf.org
X-BeenThere: avt@ietf.org
X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.12
Precedence: bulk
List-Unsubscribe: <https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt>,
	<mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=unsubscribe>
List-Id: Audio/Video Transport Working Group <avt.ietf.org>
List-Post: <mailto:avt@ietf.org>
List-Help: <mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=help>
List-Subscribe: <https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt>,
	<mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=subscribe>

At 07:47 AM 5/13/2004, Sylvain Latulippe wrote:
>Hi,
>
>I also assume that MKI length and n_tag are initialized at session 
>configuration and won't change.

Yes.

>I don't see any cases where it would be necessary to modify these values 
>during a session.

I don't either.

Mark


>Sylvain
>
>-----Original Message-----
>From: avt-admin@ietf.org [mailto:avt-admin@ietf.org]On Behalf Of Ofer Goren
>Sent: 13 mai, 2004 10:22
>To: avt@ietf.org; srtp-users@lists.sourceforge.net
>Subject: [AVT] RFC3711, MKI length question
>
>
>Hi all.
>
>According to the RFC, Section 3.3, bullet 3, one should use the MKI (if 
>exist in the packet) to retrieve the master key in the crypto context.
>My question is this, and it is implementation related: if I need to use 
>the MKI, I need to know its length before. Can I assume the user (user 
>application) sets and stores the value on a per-session base? This means 
>that all MKIs associated with that session has the same length.
>The same goes to n_tag parameter.
>
>Thanks,
>
>Ofer Goren
>
>_______________________________________________
>Audio/Video Transport Working Group
>avt@ietf.org
>https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt



_______________________________________________
Audio/Video Transport Working Group
avt@ietf.org
https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt



From exim@www1.ietf.org  Thu May 13 15:17:21 2004
Received: from optimus.ietf.org (optimus.ietf.org [132.151.1.19])
	by ietf.org (8.9.1a/8.9.1a) with ESMTP id PAA07269
	for <avt-archive@odin.ietf.org>; Thu, 13 May 2004 15:17:21 -0400 (EDT)
Received: from localhost.localdomain ([127.0.0.1] helo=www1.ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BOLZT-0002Tz-PU
	for avt-archive@odin.ietf.org; Thu, 13 May 2004 15:08:44 -0400
Received: (from exim@localhost)
	by www1.ietf.org (8.12.8/8.12.8/Submit) id i4DJ8hp6009504
	for avt-archive@odin.ietf.org; Thu, 13 May 2004 15:08:43 -0400
Received: from localhost.localdomain ([127.0.0.1] helo=www1.ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BOLTy-00060Z-Mg; Thu, 13 May 2004 15:03:02 -0400
Received: from odin.ietf.org ([132.151.1.176] helo=ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BOLFo-0006rq-Gc
	for avt@optimus.ietf.org; Thu, 13 May 2004 14:48:24 -0400
Received: from ietf-mx (ietf-mx.ietf.org [132.151.6.1])
	by ietf.org (8.9.1a/8.9.1a) with ESMTP id OAA05039
	for <avt@ietf.org>; Thu, 13 May 2004 14:48:21 -0400 (EDT)
From: silvia.pfeiffer@csiro.au
Received: from ietf-mx.ietf.org ([132.151.6.1] helo=ietf-mx)
	by ietf-mx with esmtp (Exim 4.32)
	id 1BOLFl-0001bP-O6
	for avt@ietf.org; Thu, 13 May 2004 14:48:21 -0400
Received: from exim by ietf-mx with spam-scanned (Exim 4.12)
	id 1BOLEk-00013l-00
	for avt@ietf.org; Thu, 13 May 2004 14:47:18 -0400
Received: from mix-avignon-206-1-5.w193-249.abo.wanadoo.fr ([193.249.252.5] helo=ietf.org)
	by ietf-mx with esmtp (Exim 4.12)
	id 1BOLDs-0000X0-00
	for avt@ietf.org; Thu, 13 May 2004 14:46:25 -0400
To: avt@ietf.org
Date: Thu, 13 May 2004 20:46:29 +0200
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: multipart/mixed;
	boundary="----=_NextPart_000_0016----=_NextPart_000_0016"
X-Priority: 3
X-MSMail-Priority: Normal
Message-Id: <E1BOLDs-0000X0-00@ietf-mx>
X-Spam-Flag: YES
X-Spam-Checker-Version: SpamAssassin 2.60 (1.212-2003-09-23-exp) on 
	ietf-mx.ietf.org
X-Spam-Status: Yes, hits=5.8 required=5.0 tests=MICROSOFT_EXECUTABLE,
	MIME_BOUND_NEXTPART,MISSING_MIMEOLE,MSGID_FROM_MTA_SHORT,NO_REAL_NAME,
	PRIORITY_NO_NAME autolearn=no version=2.60
X-Spam-Report: 
	*  0.3 NO_REAL_NAME From: does not include a real name
	*  0.1 MICROSOFT_EXECUTABLE RAW: Message includes Microsoft executable program
	*  3.3 MSGID_FROM_MTA_SHORT Message-Id was added by a relay
	*  1.2 MISSING_MIMEOLE Message has X-MSMail-Priority, but no X-MimeOLE
	*  0.2 MIME_BOUND_NEXTPART Spam tool pattern in MIME boundary
	*  0.8 PRIORITY_NO_NAME Message has priority setting, but no X-Mailer
Subject: [AVT] Re: Extended Mail
Sender: avt-admin@ietf.org
Errors-To: avt-admin@ietf.org
X-BeenThere: avt@ietf.org
X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.12
Precedence: bulk
List-Unsubscribe: <https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt>,
	<mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=unsubscribe>
List-Id: Audio/Video Transport Working Group <avt.ietf.org>
List-Post: <mailto:avt@ietf.org>
List-Help: <mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=help>
List-Subscribe: <https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt>,
	<mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=subscribe>

This is a multi-part message in MIME format.

------=_NextPart_000_0016----=_NextPart_000_0016
Content-Type: text/plain;
	charset="Windows-1252"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit


Follow the instructions to read the message.



------=_NextPart_000_0016----=_NextPart_000_0016
Content-Type: text/plain
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit

[Filename: details.doc                                                                   .pif, Content-Type: application/octet-stream]
The attachment file in the message has been removed by eManager.

------=_NextPart_000_0016----=_NextPart_000_0016--



_______________________________________________
Audio/Video Transport Working Group
avt@ietf.org
https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt



From exim@www1.ietf.org  Fri May 14 05:25:06 2004
Received: from optimus.ietf.org (www.iesg.org [132.151.1.19])
	by ietf.org (8.9.1a/8.9.1a) with ESMTP id FAA09162
	for <avt-archive@odin.ietf.org>; Fri, 14 May 2004 05:25:06 -0400 (EDT)
Received: from localhost.localdomain ([127.0.0.1] helo=www1.ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BOYuA-0001ke-Go
	for avt-archive@odin.ietf.org; Fri, 14 May 2004 05:22:58 -0400
Received: (from exim@localhost)
	by www1.ietf.org (8.12.8/8.12.8/Submit) id i4E9MwI9006682
	for avt-archive@odin.ietf.org; Fri, 14 May 2004 05:22:58 -0400
Received: from localhost.localdomain ([127.0.0.1] helo=www1.ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BOYnY-0000RL-Ic; Fri, 14 May 2004 05:16:08 -0400
Received: from odin.ietf.org ([132.151.1.176] helo=ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BOYQU-0003gS-UV
	for avt@optimus.ietf.org; Fri, 14 May 2004 04:52:18 -0400
Received: from ietf-mx (ietf-mx.ietf.org [132.151.6.1])
	by ietf.org (8.9.1a/8.9.1a) with ESMTP id EAA07900
	for <avt@ietf.org>; Fri, 14 May 2004 04:52:15 -0400 (EDT)
Received: from ietf-mx.ietf.org ([132.151.6.1] helo=ietf-mx)
	by ietf-mx with esmtp (Exim 4.32)
	id 1BOYQR-0005bW-RP
	for avt@ietf.org; Fri, 14 May 2004 04:52:15 -0400
Received: from exim by ietf-mx with spam-scanned (Exim 4.12)
	id 1BOYPB-00055h-00
	for avt@ietf.org; Fri, 14 May 2004 04:50:58 -0400
Received: from dundee.dcs.gla.ac.uk ([130.209.242.163])
	by ietf-mx with esmtp (Exim 4.12)
	id 1BOYOW-0004ZL-00
	for avt@ietf.org; Fri, 14 May 2004 04:50:16 -0400
Received: from csperkins-dsl.demon.co.uk ([80.176.225.173]:61308 helo=[192.168.0.3])
	by dundee.dcs.gla.ac.uk with asmtp (TLSv1:RC4-MD5:128)
	(Exim 4.04)
	id 1BOYO3-0005Xb-00
	for avt@ietf.org; Fri, 14 May 2004 09:49:47 +0100
From: Colin Perkins <csp@csperkins.org>
Organization: http://csperkins.org
To: avt@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [AVT] WG last call: text/red and RFC2793bis
Date: Fri, 14 May 2004 09:49:48 +0100
User-Agent: KMail/1.6.2
References: <6933F046-9AD7-11D8-8F53-000A957FC5F2@csperkins.org>
In-Reply-To: <6933F046-9AD7-11D8-8F53-000A957FC5F2@csperkins.org>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Disposition: inline
Content-Type: text/plain;
  charset="iso-8859-15"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Message-Id: <200405140949.48748.csp@csperkins.org>
X-Spam-Checker-Version: SpamAssassin 2.60 (1.212-2003-09-23-exp) on 
	ietf-mx.ietf.org
X-Spam-Status: No, hits=0.0 required=5.0 tests=AWL autolearn=no version=2.60
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Sender: avt-admin@ietf.org
Errors-To: avt-admin@ietf.org
X-BeenThere: avt@ietf.org
X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.12
Precedence: bulk
List-Unsubscribe: <https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt>,
	<mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=unsubscribe>
List-Id: Audio/Video Transport Working Group <avt.ietf.org>
List-Post: <mailto:avt@ietf.org>
List-Help: <mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=help>
List-Subscribe: <https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt>,
	<mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=subscribe>
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit

On Friday 30 April 2004 19:51, Colin Perkins wrote:
> This is to announce a working group last call on the "text/red" MIME
> type registration <draft-ietf-avt-text-red-04.txt>, and the RTP Payload
> Format for Text Conversation <draft-ietf-avt-rfc2793bis-04.txt>. Both
> drafts are under consideration for proposed standard status.
>
> Please send any final comments on these drafts to the mailing list
> before Friday 14th May 2004. Note that we will not advance either draft
> until we receive a valid review of the work by someone other than the
> authors.

The working group last call for these drafts ends today. 

There has been considerable discussion of the 2793bis draft on the mailing 
list, thanks to the review by Satish Mundra, and it appears that there are 
open issues to resolve. Accordingly, we will not advance the 2793bis draft 
until a revision is available that addresses these concerns.

The text/red draft has not yet received a public last call review, even 
through there are 1077 people on the list who received the request for 
input.  Accordingly, it will continue in working group last call until 
such a review is received. 

-- 
Colin Perkins
http://csperkins.org/

_______________________________________________
Audio/Video Transport Working Group
avt@ietf.org
https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt



From exim@www1.ietf.org  Fri May 14 09:01:40 2004
Received: from optimus.ietf.org (www.iesg.org [132.151.1.19])
	by ietf.org (8.9.1a/8.9.1a) with ESMTP id JAA19460
	for <avt-archive@odin.ietf.org>; Fri, 14 May 2004 09:01:40 -0400 (EDT)
Received: from localhost.localdomain ([127.0.0.1] helo=www1.ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BOcFL-0005IV-K2
	for avt-archive@odin.ietf.org; Fri, 14 May 2004 08:57:04 -0400
Received: (from exim@localhost)
	by www1.ietf.org (8.12.8/8.12.8/Submit) id i4ECv3uJ020363
	for avt-archive@odin.ietf.org; Fri, 14 May 2004 08:57:03 -0400
Received: from localhost.localdomain ([127.0.0.1] helo=www1.ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BOc8b-0003vp-FQ; Fri, 14 May 2004 08:50:05 -0400
Received: from odin.ietf.org ([132.151.1.176] helo=ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BOc6b-0003TC-1g
	for avt@optimus.ietf.org; Fri, 14 May 2004 08:48:01 -0400
Received: from ietf-mx (ietf-mx.ietf.org [132.151.6.1])
	by ietf.org (8.9.1a/8.9.1a) with ESMTP id IAA18697
	for <avt@ietf.org>; Fri, 14 May 2004 08:47:58 -0400 (EDT)
Received: from ietf-mx.ietf.org ([132.151.6.1] helo=ietf-mx)
	by ietf-mx with esmtp (Exim 4.32)
	id 1BOc6Z-0000ZB-Gx
	for avt@ietf.org; Fri, 14 May 2004 08:47:59 -0400
Received: from exim by ietf-mx with spam-scanned (Exim 4.12)
	id 1BOc5X-00003R-00
	for avt@ietf.org; Fri, 14 May 2004 08:46:56 -0400
Received: from smtp.eweka.nl ([81.171.101.3])
	by ietf-mx with esmtp (Exim 4.12)
	id 1BOc4S-00077Q-00
	for avt@ietf.org; Fri, 14 May 2004 08:45:48 -0400
Received: from solstice (ew-dsl-81-171-8-127.eweka.nl [81.171.8.127])
	by smtp.eweka.nl (8.12.9/8.12.9) with ESMTP id i4EDG2WB032453;
	Fri, 14 May 2004 13:16:16 GMT
	(envelope-from a.vwijk@viataal.nl)
Message-Id: <200405141316.i4EDG2WB032453@smtp.eweka.nl>
From: "Arnoud van Wijk" <a.vwijk@viataal.nl>
To: "'Mundra, Satish'" <smundra@telogy.com>,
        "'Gunnar Hellstrom'" <gunnar.hellstrom@omnitor.se>,
        "'Paul E. Jones'" <paulej@packetizer.com>, "'avt IETF'" <avt@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [avt]  Comments/questions on draft-ietf-avt-rfc2793bis-04
Date: Fri, 14 May 2004 14:45:33 +0200
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain;
	charset="iso-8859-1"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
X-Mailer: Microsoft Office Outlook, Build 11.0.5510
X-MIMEOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1409
In-Reply-To: <09DD40ABD88ACF4CB0D3CD84BB95296001B46B@tnint11.telogy.design.ti.com>
Thread-Index: AcQ4WB0eKRK7ZUpjQwC29lEgrdaHwABVtQ8Q
X-Spam-Checker-Version: SpamAssassin 2.60 (1.212-2003-09-23-exp) on 
	ietf-mx.ietf.org
X-Spam-Status: No, hits=0.3 required=5.0 tests=AWL,MISSING_OUTLOOK_NAME 
	autolearn=no version=2.60
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
Sender: avt-admin@ietf.org
Errors-To: avt-admin@ietf.org
X-BeenThere: avt@ietf.org
X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.12
Precedence: bulk
List-Unsubscribe: <https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt>,
	<mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=unsubscribe>
List-Id: Audio/Video Transport Working Group <avt.ietf.org>
List-Post: <mailto:avt@ietf.org>
List-Help: <mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=help>
List-Subscribe: <https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt>,
	<mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=subscribe>
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable

I am trying to follow what the big deal is about the M-bit.
In my opinion the draft rfc2793bis-04 is finished and ready to work.

What am I then missing?

Greetz

Arnoud


Drs. Arnoud A. T. van Wijk
Viataal
Research & Development
Afdeling RDS
Theerestraat 42
5271 GD Sint-Michielsgestel
The Netherlands.=20
Mobile: +31651921948
International text telephone: +31735588408

-----Original Message-----
From: avt-admin@ietf.org [mailto:avt-admin@ietf.org] On Behalf Of =
Mundra,
Satish
Sent: woensdag 12 mei 2004 21:11
To: 'Gunnar Hellstrom'; Paul E. Jones; avt IETF
Subject: RE: [avt] Comments/questions on draft-ietf-avt-rfc2793bis-04

Gunnar,

responses inline...

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Gunnar Hellstrom [mailto:gunnar.hellstrom@omnitor.se]
> Sent: Tuesday, May 11, 2004 6:32 PM
> To: Mundra, Satish; Paul E. Jones; avt IETF
> Subject: RE: [avt] Comments/questions on draft-ietf-avt-rfc2793bis-04
>=20
>=20
> Satish,
> I get the impression that your main goal with the discussion
> is to try to find a format for audio/red/t140 that could=20
> allow us to drop the t140block counter from the format.
>=20
> Is the reason saving bits?
>=20

Yes, saving six bytes per audio/red/t140 packet could buy one more level =
of
redundancy=20
if needed.
If you feel that it's required for reliable operations, and change at =
this
stage is not
desirable, that's fine with me.=20

> We have had it there since August, with no major concerns, so
> it seems acceptable to most reviewers.
>=20
> You also want to use the M-bit as in RFC3551.
> > The M-bit behavior is from (RFC3551): "For applications which send
> > either no packets or occasional comfort-noise packets=20
> during silence,
> > the first packet
> > of a talkspurt, that is, the first packet after a silence
> period during
> > which packets have not been transmitted contiguously, SHOULD be=20
> > distinguished by setting the marker bit in the RTP data
> header to one."
> That can be OK. But then you must not do anything drastic,
> such as adding a missing text marker just because the packet=20
> with the M-bit seems to be missing. With 10% packet loss, 10%=20
> of the M-bits will be missing, but only 0.1% of text, if we=20
> are using primary and two redundant transmissions.
>=20

One need not solely depend on the missing primary with marker to =
conclude
loss of=20
t140 data for audio/red/t140.=20

Assuming that 10% of M-bits are lost:=20
If the total number of consecutive packets lost is less than the =
redundancy
level in use, one can easily determine if the missing sequence numbers =
were
carrying text or voice.=20
At other times I agree that it may not be obvious.  It seems like one =
could
use both
the timestamp gap and sequence number gap to determine if any text was =
lost.
Note that=20
when text is transmitted the sequence numbers increments by 1 every
300/500ms where =20
as for voice it would be every 20/30ms or so.=20





> Would it be OK to you to take in the text about the M-bit=20
> from RFC3551?
>=20

Yes.


Thanks,

--Satish




> Gunnar
>=20
>=20
> -------------------------------------------
> Gunnar Hellstr=F6m
> Omnitor AB
> Renathv=E4gen 2
> SE 121 37 Johanneshov
> SWEDEN
> +46 8 556 002 03
> Mob: +46 708 204 288
> www.omnitor.se
> Gunnar.Hellstrom@Omnitor.se
> --------------------------------------------
>=20
>=20
> > -----Original Message-----
> > From: avt-admin@ietf.org [mailto:avt-admin@ietf.org]On Behalf Of=20
> > Mundra, Satish
> > Sent: Tuesday, May 11, 2004 7:19 PM
> > To: 'Gunnar Hellstrom'; Paul E. Jones; avt IETF
> > Subject: RE: [avt] Comments/questions on=20
> draft-ietf-avt-rfc2793bis-04
> >
> >
> > Gunnar/Paul,
> >
> > Thanks for summarizing the questions. The previous comments got=20
> > cross-posted, I have used your latest posting for further debate on=20
> > the questions/comments. See comments inline...
> >
> > Regards,
> >
> > Satish Mundra
> >
> > > -----Original Message-----
> > > From: Gunnar Hellstrom [mailto:gunnar.hellstrom@omnitor.se]
> > > Sent: Monday, May 10, 2004 6:29 PM
> > > To: Paul E. Jones; Mundra, Satish; avt IETF
> > > Subject: RE: [avt] Comments/questions on=20
> > > draft-ietf-avt-rfc2793bis-04
> > >
> > >
> > > Satish,
> > > I am eager to come to conclusions on your questions regarding=20
> > > draft-ietf-avt-rfc2793bis-04.
> > >
> > > Our (Paul=B4s and mine ) understanding regarding the questions are =

> > > now:
> > >
> > > 1. Security risk to have the 16-bit T140block counter to always=20
> > > start at 0 in a session. I mentioned that loss in the beginning=20
> > > could be detected by the text stream not starting with=20
> the Unicode=20
> > > synchronization character, because the requirement to start with=20
> > > that code is clearly stated in T.140. So, that could be=20
> used and the=20
> > > counter could then start at a random value. However, also this=20
> > > session start code can be seen as a security risk with the same=20
> > > reason as the 0 counter would be one. Are not all media full of
> > > predictable bit patterns, like picture start headers, audio
> > > session parameters etc?
> > >
> > > We would like to hear more voices if it is important to start the=20
> > > counter at a random value, and instead rely on detection=20
> of initial=20
> > > loss by a missing Unicode Synchronization character.
> > >
> >
> > See comments on the "t140block counter" below.
> >
> > > 2. M-bit for indication of start of text.
> > > You hint that we should specify that the M-bit SHALL be used as=20
> > > indicated in the AVT profile for indicating start of text=20
> initially=20
> > > in the stream and also after a gap. This could be used both to=20
> > > detect loss and in order to detect when suspected loss is=20
> only loss=20
> > > of empty text blocks.
> > >
> >
> > Yes.
> >
> > > Each M-bit is only sent once, so it does not get improved=20
> > > reliability by redundancy. We have a mechanism with=20
> marking missing=20
> > > text with a Unicode replacement character, specified in=20
> T.140. If in=20
> > > doubt, it is better to mark too much than too little,=20
> because there=20
> > > will be non-printable characters that will be marked by this=20
> > > character when lost. Therefore the users might know that=20
> there can=20
> > > be markers for missing text without any visible text missing.
> > >
> >
> > Let me understand this again, the requirement for the=20
> payload format=20
> > is to NOT fail in detecting LOSS when occurs, misleading loss=20
> > indicators are unavoidable and seem to be acceptable. [see further=20
> > comments on the block counter below]
> >
> > > So, for audio/t140, we can select between three methods for=20
> > > indicating the start of stream:  a. counter =3D0  b. M-bit =20
> c. Unicode=20
> > > start of stream character
> > >
> >
> > See comments on counter below.
> >
> > > For text/t140, we can only select between two methods:
> > >  a. M-bit
> > >  b. Unicode start of stream character
> > >
> > > A missing M-bit does not give full information if a real text=20
> > > element is missing. The text might be received in=20
> redundant code. =20
> > > But it can be used as a likely indication.
> > >
> > > The other methods are at least as reliable as the redundant=20
> > > transmission method used.
> > >
> > >
> > > For text during a session, we have the following problem:=20
> What is a=20
> > > gap? When shall the M-bit be set to 1? What is a text-spurt?
> > >
> >
> > Borrowing from section 5.4 of draft(04), gap would be "no new T.140=20
> > data to transmit after the transmit buffering interval described in
> > section 5.1 has
> > passed".  This defines the text-spurt which is analogous to=20
> talkspurt.
> >
> > The M-bit behavior is from (RFC3551): "For applications which send=20
> > either no packets or occasional comfort-noise packets=20
> during silence,=20
> > the first packet
> > of a talkspurt, that is, the first packet after a silence=20
> period during
> > which packets have not been transmitted contiguously, SHOULD be
> > distinguished by setting the marker bit in the RTP data=20
> header to one."
> >
> > > For text/t140, it is hard to find a good delimitation for when a=20
> > > text-spurt starts. There is no declaration of the time=20
> between the=20
> > > packets, just the buffering time that normally may be 300 ms, but=20
> > > may vary. For the text/red/t140 case, there could be a=20
> reason to use=20
> > > the M-bit, when only the primary data contains valid=20
> text. The other=20
> > > blocks should be empty or non-existing. That is the case after a=20
> > > pause. Detection of an M-bit can make sure that the risk=20
> is kept low
> > > for falsely marking loss of data during the pause. Without
> > > the use of the M-bit, falsely marking lost text will occur
> > > slightly more often.
> > >
> >
> > The text-spurt starts with the packet that you transmit after a=20
> > zero-length block is transmitted, that happens whenever the T.140=20
> > buffering interval expires and no new data
> > is available for transmission.
> >
> >
> > > For the plain text/t140 format, I do not see any need for marking=20
> > > the first packet after a longer pause.
> > >
> >
> > It helps in situations when one can not include a=20
> zero-length block as=20
> > redundant data because it's too old.
> >
> > > For red/audio/t140 I see no need for the M-bit. The=20
> counter give a=20
> > > better reliability.
> > >
> >
> > During a interval where text is transmitted contiguously, the=20
> > block-counter and the RTP sequence numbers are in sync. So=20
> I guess the=20
> > counter is only useful at the boundaries when
> > switchover between voice/text payload is occurring.  Under=20
> certain loss
> > scenarios or when both marker and zero-length blocks are lost
> > one could have
> > misleading text loss-indicator which in any case are
> > unavoidable. In either
> > case you would detect loss as required.
> >
> > As I mentioned earlier, I am unconvinced about the=20
> usefulness of the=20
> > block counter. During contiguous text transmission the=20
> counter and RTP=20
> > sequence numbers are in sync. Even if marker is lost, one=20
> could sync=20
> > to the first sequence number that can be deriver or is=20
> present in the=20
> > header. IMO, different redundancy rules for text/t140 and=20
> audio/t140=20
> > can be unified and
> > implementation simplified.
> >
> > > The current RFC2793 does not specify the use of the M-bit.=20
> > > RFC2793bis should be compatible with RFC2793 for text/t140 and=20
> > > text/red/t140. Using the M-bit for RFC2793 bis would be a=20
> step off=20
> > > from that direction.
> > >
> > > Anyway, it does little harm, so if there are voices for=20
> it, we could=20
> > > say that the transmitter MUST use the M-bit to indicate start of=20
> > > stream, and start after a pause. The receiver MAY use it for=20
> > > detection of loss.
> > >
> > >
> > > Please advice
> > >
> > > Regards
> > >
> > > Gunnar
> > > --------------------------------------------------------------
> > > -------------
> > > -------
> > >
> > >
> > > Satish,
> > > Further answers inline,
> > >
> > > Gunnar
> > >
> > > -------------------------------------------
> > > Gunnar Hellstr=F6m
> > > Omnitor AB
> > > Renathv=E4gen 2
> > > SE 121 37 Johanneshov
> > > SWEDEN
> > > +46 8 556 002 03
> > > Mob: +46 708 204 288
> > > www.omnitor.se
> > > Gunnar.Hellstrom@Omnitor.se
> > > --------------------------------------------
> > >
> > >
> > > > -----Original Message-----
> > > > From: Paul E. Jones [mailto:paulej@packetizer.com]
> > > > Sent: Thursday, May 06, 2004 11:10 PM
> > > > To: Mundra, Satish; 'Gunnar Hellstrom'; avt IETF
> > > > Subject: Re: [avt] Comments/questions on=20
> > > > draft-ietf-avt-rfc2793bis-03/04
> > > >
> > > >
> >
> > X--------snip
> >
> > _______________________________________________
> > Audio/Video Transport Working Group
> > avt@ietf.org
> > https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt
> >
> >
>=20
>=20

_______________________________________________
Audio/Video Transport Working Group
avt@ietf.org
https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt



_______________________________________________
Audio/Video Transport Working Group
avt@ietf.org
https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt



From exim@www1.ietf.org  Fri May 14 14:23:13 2004
Received: from optimus.ietf.org (www.iesg.org [132.151.1.19])
	by ietf.org (8.9.1a/8.9.1a) with ESMTP id OAA10560
	for <avt-archive@odin.ietf.org>; Fri, 14 May 2004 14:23:13 -0400 (EDT)
Received: from localhost.localdomain ([127.0.0.1] helo=www1.ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BOhHP-0001w1-Uc
	for avt-archive@odin.ietf.org; Fri, 14 May 2004 14:19:31 -0400
Received: (from exim@localhost)
	by www1.ietf.org (8.12.8/8.12.8/Submit) id i4EIJV7A007425
	for avt-archive@odin.ietf.org; Fri, 14 May 2004 14:19:31 -0400
Received: from localhost.localdomain ([127.0.0.1] helo=www1.ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BOhD3-00014k-TW; Fri, 14 May 2004 14:15:01 -0400
Received: from odin.ietf.org ([132.151.1.176] helo=ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BOh9a-0000bO-V0
	for avt@optimus.ietf.org; Fri, 14 May 2004 14:11:26 -0400
Received: from ietf-mx (ietf-mx.ietf.org [132.151.6.1])
	by ietf.org (8.9.1a/8.9.1a) with ESMTP id OAA09505
	for <avt@ietf.org>; Fri, 14 May 2004 14:11:23 -0400 (EDT)
Received: from ietf-mx.ietf.org ([132.151.6.1] helo=ietf-mx)
	by ietf-mx with esmtp (Exim 4.32)
	id 1BOh9Y-000483-Gt
	for avt@ietf.org; Fri, 14 May 2004 14:11:24 -0400
Received: from exim by ietf-mx with spam-scanned (Exim 4.12)
	id 1BOh7Q-0003CB-00
	for avt@ietf.org; Fri, 14 May 2004 14:09:12 -0400
Received: from relay2.eecs.berkeley.edu ([169.229.60.28])
	by ietf-mx with esmtp (Exim 4.12)
	id 1BOh6R-0002gi-00
	for avt@ietf.org; Fri, 14 May 2004 14:08:11 -0400
Received: from relay3.EECS.Berkeley.EDU (localhost [127.0.0.1])
	by relay2.EECS.Berkeley.EDU (8.12.10/8.9.3) with ESMTP id i4EI8A68010329
	for <avt@ietf.org>; Fri, 14 May 2004 11:08:10 -0700 (PDT)
Received: from gateway.EECS.Berkeley.EDU (nsmail@gateway.EECS.Berkeley.EDU [169.229.60.73])
	by relay3.EECS.Berkeley.EDU (8.12.10/8.9.3) with ESMTP id i4EI89tj019342
	for <avt@ietf.org>; Fri, 14 May 2004 11:08:09 -0700 (PDT)
Received: from [128.32.34.73] (dhcp-34-73.CS.Berkeley.EDU
          [128.32.34.73]) by gateway.EECS.Berkeley.EDU (Netscape Messaging
          Server 4.15) with ESMTP id HXPUDJ00.3HF for <avt@ietf.org>; Fri,
          14 May 2004 11:08:07 -0700 
Mime-Version: 1.0 (Apple Message framework v613)
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Message-Id: <A63A88E9-A5D1-11D8-89B6-00039372C384@eecs.berkeley.edu>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII; format=flowed
To: avt@ietf.org
From: "John Lazzaro" <lazzaro@eecs.berkeley.edu>
Subject: Re: [AVT] WG last call: text/red and RFC2793bis
Date: Fri, 14 May 2004 11:08:06 -0700
X-Mailer: Apple Mail (2.613)
X-Spam-Checker-Version: SpamAssassin 2.60 (1.212-2003-09-23-exp) on 
	ietf-mx.ietf.org
X-Spam-Status: No, hits=0.0 required=5.0 tests=AWL autolearn=no version=2.60
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Sender: avt-admin@ietf.org
Errors-To: avt-admin@ietf.org
X-BeenThere: avt@ietf.org
X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.12
Precedence: bulk
List-Unsubscribe: <https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt>,
	<mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=unsubscribe>
List-Id: Audio/Video Transport Working Group <avt.ietf.org>
List-Post: <mailto:avt@ietf.org>
List-Help: <mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=help>
List-Subscribe: <https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt>,
	<mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=subscribe>
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit

 > Colin Perkins writes:
 >
 > The text/red draft has not yet received a public last call review, 
even
 > through there are 1077 people on the list who received the request for
 > input.  Accordingly, it will continue in working group last call until
 > such a review is received.

A suggestion.  After the first time a document goes to Last Call,
and gets OKed by someone (on text/red that was me), all future
requests should include URLs to the I-D diffs on this website:

http://ietf.levkowetz.com/drafts/avt/text-red/

and an "OK on the diffs" should be considered an OK on the document.
I just checked over the  -02/-03 and -03/-04 diffs for tex/red and give
my OK on the diffs.

---
John Lazzaro
http://www.cs.berkeley.edu/~lazzaro
lazzaro [at] cs [dot] berkeley [dot] edu
---


_______________________________________________
Audio/Video Transport Working Group
avt@ietf.org
https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt



From exim@www1.ietf.org  Fri May 14 18:46:05 2004
Received: from optimus.ietf.org (optimus.ietf.org [132.151.1.19])
	by ietf.org (8.9.1a/8.9.1a) with ESMTP id SAA04331
	for <avt-archive@odin.ietf.org>; Fri, 14 May 2004 18:46:05 -0400 (EDT)
Received: from localhost.localdomain ([127.0.0.1] helo=www1.ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BOlM9-0001Bo-1n
	for avt-archive@odin.ietf.org; Fri, 14 May 2004 18:40:41 -0400
Received: (from exim@localhost)
	by www1.ietf.org (8.12.8/8.12.8/Submit) id i4EMefZg004567
	for avt-archive@odin.ietf.org; Fri, 14 May 2004 18:40:41 -0400
Received: from localhost.localdomain ([127.0.0.1] helo=www1.ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BOlEQ-0007gU-23; Fri, 14 May 2004 18:32:42 -0400
Received: from odin.ietf.org ([132.151.1.176] helo=ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BOkz9-0003iJ-98
	for avt@optimus.ietf.org; Fri, 14 May 2004 18:16:55 -0400
Received: from ietf-mx (ietf-mx.ietf.org [132.151.6.1])
	by ietf.org (8.9.1a/8.9.1a) with ESMTP id SAA02928
	for <avt@ietf.org>; Fri, 14 May 2004 18:16:50 -0400 (EDT)
Received: from ietf-mx.ietf.org ([132.151.6.1] helo=ietf-mx)
	by ietf-mx with esmtp (Exim 4.32)
	id 1BOkz6-0004Xb-8s
	for avt@ietf.org; Fri, 14 May 2004 18:16:52 -0400
Received: from exim by ietf-mx with spam-scanned (Exim 4.12)
	id 1BOkyB-00041S-00
	for avt@ietf.org; Fri, 14 May 2004 18:15:56 -0400
Received: from go4.ext.ti.com ([192.91.75.132])
	by ietf-mx with esmtp (Exim 4.12)
	id 1BOkxE-0003TT-00
	for avt@ietf.org; Fri, 14 May 2004 18:14:56 -0400
Received: from dlep91.itg.ti.com ([157.170.152.55])
	by go4.ext.ti.com (8.12.11/8.12.11) with ESMTP id i4EMEPtj005060;
	Fri, 14 May 2004 17:14:25 -0500 (CDT)
Received: from tnint11.telogy.design.ti.com (localhost [127.0.0.1])
	by dlep91.itg.ti.com (8.12.11/8.12.11) with ESMTP id i4EMEOOE018567;
	Fri, 14 May 2004 17:14:24 -0500 (CDT)
Received: by tnint11.telogy.design.ti.com with Internet Mail Service (5.5.2653.19)
	id <KZWD5XXV>; Fri, 14 May 2004 18:21:08 -0400
Message-ID: <09DD40ABD88ACF4CB0D3CD84BB95296001B475@tnint11.telogy.design.ti.com>
From: "Mundra, Satish" <smundra@telogy.com>
To: "'Colin Perkins'" <csp@csperkins.org>, IETF AVT WG <avt@ietf.org>,
        "'Paul E. Jones'" <paulej@packetizer.com>
Subject: RE: [AVT] WG last call: text/red 
Date: Fri, 14 May 2004 18:21:03 -0400
MIME-Version: 1.0
X-Mailer: Internet Mail Service (5.5.2653.19)
Content-Type: text/html
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
X-Spam-Checker-Version: SpamAssassin 2.60 (1.212-2003-09-23-exp) on 
	ietf-mx.ietf.org
X-Spam-Status: No, hits=2.8 required=5.0 tests=AWL,FORGED_IMS_HTML,HTML_50_60,
	HTML_MESSAGE,MIME_HTML_NO_CHARSET,MIME_HTML_ONLY autolearn=no 
	version=2.60
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
Sender: avt-admin@ietf.org
Errors-To: avt-admin@ietf.org
X-BeenThere: avt@ietf.org
X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.12
Precedence: bulk
List-Unsubscribe: <https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt>,
	<mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=unsubscribe>
List-Id: Audio/Video Transport Working Group <avt.ietf.org>
List-Post: <mailto:avt@ietf.org>
List-Help: <mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=help>
List-Subscribe: <https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt>,
	<mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=subscribe>
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable

<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 3.2//EN">
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<META HTTP-EQUIV=3D"Content-Type" CONTENT=3D"text/html; =
charset=3Dus-ascii">
<META NAME=3D"Generator" CONTENT=3D"MS Exchange Server version =
5.5.2653.12">
<TITLE>RE: [AVT] WG last call: text/red </TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>

<P><FONT SIZE=3D2>Colin/Paul,</FONT>
</P>

<P><FONT SIZE=3D2>I have reviewed the draft =
&lt;draft-ietf-avt-text-red-04.txt&gt;.</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>It looks good to move further. </FONT>
</P>

<P><FONT SIZE=3D2>Regards,</FONT>
</P>

<P><FONT SIZE=3D2>Satish Mundra</FONT>
</P>
<BR>

<P><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; -----Original Message-----</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; From: Colin Perkins [<A =
HREF=3D"mailto:csp@csperkins.org">mailto:csp@csperkins.org</A>]</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; Sent: Friday, April 30, 2004 2:52 PM</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; To: IETF AVT WG</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; Subject: [AVT] WG last call: text/red and =
RFC2793bis</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; This is to announce a working group last call =
on the &quot;text/red&quot; MIME</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; type registration =
&lt;draft-ietf-avt-text-red-04.txt&gt;, and the </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; RTP Payload </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; Format for Text Conversation =
&lt;draft-ietf-avt-rfc2793bis-04.txt&gt;. Both </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; drafts are under consideration for proposed =
standard status.</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; Please send any final comments on these drafts =
to the mailing list</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; before Friday 14th May 2004. Note that we will =
not advance </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; either draft </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; until we receive a valid review of the work by =
someone other than the </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; authors.</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; Colin</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; =
_______________________________________________</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; Audio/Video Transport Working Group</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; avt@ietf.org</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; <A =
HREF=3D"https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt" =
TARGET=3D"_blank">https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt</A></FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; </FONT>
</P>

</BODY>
</HTML>

_______________________________________________
Audio/Video Transport Working Group
avt@ietf.org
https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt



From exim@www1.ietf.org  Sun May 16 05:56:11 2004
Received: from optimus.ietf.org (www.iesg.org [132.151.1.19])
	by ietf.org (8.9.1a/8.9.1a) with ESMTP id FAA24265
	for <avt-archive@odin.ietf.org>; Sun, 16 May 2004 05:56:11 -0400 (EDT)
Received: from localhost.localdomain ([127.0.0.1] helo=www1.ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BPII6-000394-TT
	for avt-archive@odin.ietf.org; Sun, 16 May 2004 05:50:46 -0400
Received: (from exim@localhost)
	by www1.ietf.org (8.12.8/8.12.8/Submit) id i4G9ogxu012088
	for avt-archive@odin.ietf.org; Sun, 16 May 2004 05:50:42 -0400
Received: from localhost.localdomain ([127.0.0.1] helo=www1.ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BPIDZ-0002FC-MF; Sun, 16 May 2004 05:46:01 -0400
Received: from odin.ietf.org ([132.151.1.176] helo=ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BOkxz-000377-Oz
	for avt@optimus.ietf.org; Fri, 14 May 2004 18:15:44 -0400
Received: from ietf-mx (ietf-mx.ietf.org [132.151.6.1])
	by ietf.org (8.9.1a/8.9.1a) with ESMTP id SAA02745
	for <avt@ietf.org>; Fri, 14 May 2004 18:15:38 -0400 (EDT)
Received: from ietf-mx.ietf.org ([132.151.6.1] helo=ietf-mx)
	by ietf-mx with esmtp (Exim 4.32)
	id 1BOkxw-000405-QW
	for avt@ietf.org; Fri, 14 May 2004 18:15:40 -0400
Received: from exim by ietf-mx with spam-scanned (Exim 4.12)
	id 1BOkwl-0003TX-00
	for avt@ietf.org; Fri, 14 May 2004 18:14:30 -0400
Received: from news.ti.com ([192.94.94.33] helo=dragon.ti.com)
	by ietf-mx with esmtp (Exim 4.12)
	id 1BOkvo-0002VK-00
	for avt@ietf.org; Fri, 14 May 2004 18:13:28 -0400
Received: from dlep91.itg.ti.com ([157.170.152.55])
	by dragon.ti.com (8.12.11/8.12.11) with ESMTP id i4EMCvBf023239;
	Fri, 14 May 2004 17:12:57 -0500 (CDT)
Received: from tnint11.telogy.design.ti.com (localhost [127.0.0.1])
	by dlep91.itg.ti.com (8.12.11/8.12.11) with ESMTP id i4EMCtG7017245;
	Fri, 14 May 2004 17:12:55 -0500 (CDT)
Received: by tnint11.telogy.design.ti.com with Internet Mail Service (5.5.2653.19)
	id <KZWD5XXK>; Fri, 14 May 2004 18:19:38 -0400
Message-ID: <09DD40ABD88ACF4CB0D3CD84BB95296001B474@tnint11.telogy.design.ti.com>
From: "Mundra, Satish" <smundra@telogy.com>
To: "'Arnoud van Wijk'" <a.vwijk@viataal.nl>,
        "'Gunnar Hellstrom'"
	 <gunnar.hellstrom@omnitor.se>,
        "'Paul E. Jones'" <paulej@packetizer.com>, "'avt IETF'" <avt@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [avt]  Comments/questions on draft-ietf-avt-rfc2793bis-04
Date: Fri, 14 May 2004 18:19:29 -0400
MIME-Version: 1.0
X-Mailer: Internet Mail Service (5.5.2653.19)
Content-Type: text/html;
	charset="iso-8859-1"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
X-Spam-Checker-Version: SpamAssassin 2.60 (1.212-2003-09-23-exp) on 
	ietf-mx.ietf.org
X-Spam-Status: No, hits=2.4 required=5.0 tests=AWL,FORGED_IMS_HTML,HTML_40_50,
	HTML_MESSAGE,MIME_HTML_ONLY autolearn=no version=2.60
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
Sender: avt-admin@ietf.org
Errors-To: avt-admin@ietf.org
X-BeenThere: avt@ietf.org
X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.12
Precedence: bulk
List-Unsubscribe: <https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt>,
	<mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=unsubscribe>
List-Id: Audio/Video Transport Working Group <avt.ietf.org>
List-Post: <mailto:avt@ietf.org>
List-Help: <mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=help>
List-Subscribe: <https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt>,
	<mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=subscribe>
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable

<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 3.2//EN">
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<META HTTP-EQUIV=3D"Content-Type" CONTENT=3D"text/html; =
charset=3Diso-8859-1">
<META NAME=3D"Generator" CONTENT=3D"MS Exchange Server version =
5.5.2653.12">
<TITLE>RE: [avt]  Comments/questions on =
draft-ietf-avt-rfc2793bis-04</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<BR>

<P><FONT SIZE=3D2>Arnoud,</FONT>
</P>

<P><FONT SIZE=3D2>Here is brief summary in response to your question on =
the Mbit, and you can refer to </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>comments on draft-03 for other issues.</FONT>
</P>

<P><FONT SIZE=3D2>For audio encodings, M-bit can be used for making =
playout delay adjustments at the beginning of talkspurt. Most video =
encoding set it on the last packet of a video frame to signal the end =
of frame. For text encoding no behavior is specified. </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=3D2>Encoding audio/t140 is one more voice encoding and =
hence should follow the </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>behavior specified in RFC3551.&nbsp; One certainly =
can not depend on the M-bit being present </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>and hence must be robust if the packet is lost, =
however, there are implementation that </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>would improve playout performance/behave differently =
when the packet with M-bit is not lost.</FONT>
</P>

<P><FONT SIZE=3D2>2793bis-04 defines zero-length packets for use during =
&quot;silence periods&quot; but different rules govern their =
re-transmission when redundancy is used depending on whether audio/t140 =
or text/t140 is used. At times those MUST requirements can not be =
satisfied for e.g., when the &quot;Silence Period&quot; is longer than =
16383/clock-rate.</FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=3D2>The last one is not an issue but an observation. =
There is two byte sequence number in audio/t140 payload that is in sync =
with RTP sequence number during a text-spurt and the reason for =
different rules above. The primary use for the counter in the payload =
is, as I</FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=3D2>understand it, to distinguish between loss of =
audio/t140 data and voice data so that text loss can be indicated to =
user when 2198 is used.&nbsp;&nbsp; We were discussing if the M-bit =
could</FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=3D2>allow one to do the same instead of counter. The =
authors feel that it is needed to mark the</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>missing text accurately and this is fine.</FONT>
</P>
<BR>

<P><FONT SIZE=3D2>Regards,</FONT>
</P>

<P><FONT SIZE=3D2>Satish Mundra</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&nbsp;</FONT>
</P>
<BR>
<BR>
<BR>
<BR>
<BR>

<P><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; -----Original Message-----</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; From: Arnoud van Wijk [<A =
HREF=3D"mailto:a.vwijk@viataal.nl">mailto:a.vwijk@viataal.nl</A>]</FONT>=

<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; Sent: Friday, May 14, 2004 8:46 AM</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; To: 'Mundra, Satish'; 'Gunnar Hellstrom'; 'Paul =
E. Jones'; 'avt IETF'</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; Subject: RE: [avt] Comments/questions on =
draft-ietf-avt-rfc2793bis-04</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; I am trying to follow what the big deal is =
about the M-bit. In my </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; opinion the draft rfc2793bis-04 is finished and =
ready to work.</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; What am I then missing?</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; Greetz</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; Arnoud</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; Drs. Arnoud A. T. van Wijk</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; Viataal</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; Research &amp; Development</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; Afdeling RDS</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; Theerestraat 42</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; 5271 GD Sint-Michielsgestel</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; The Netherlands.</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; Mobile: +31651921948</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; International text telephone: =
+31735588408</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; -----Original Message-----</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; From: avt-admin@ietf.org [<A =
HREF=3D"mailto:avt-admin@ietf.org">mailto:avt-admin@ietf.org</A>] =
On</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; Behalf Of Mundra, Satish</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; Sent: woensdag 12 mei 2004 21:11</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; To: 'Gunnar Hellstrom'; Paul E. Jones; avt =
IETF</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; Subject: RE: [avt] Comments/questions on =
draft-ietf-avt-rfc2793bis-04</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; Gunnar,</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; responses inline...</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; -----Original Message-----</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; From: Gunnar Hellstrom [<A =
HREF=3D"mailto:gunnar.hellstrom@omnitor.se">mailto:gunnar.hellstrom@omni=
tor.se</A>]</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; Sent: Tuesday, May 11, 2004 6:32 PM</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; To: Mundra, Satish; Paul E. Jones; avt =
IETF</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; Subject: RE: [avt] Comments/questions =
on</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; draft-ietf-avt-rfc2793bis-04</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; Satish,</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; I get the impression that your main goal =
with the</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; discussion is to try</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; to find a format for audio/red/t140 that =
could allow us to drop the</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; t140block counter from the format.</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; Is the reason saving bits?</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; Yes, saving six bytes per audio/red/t140 packet =
could buy one</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; more level of redundancy </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; if needed.</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; If you feel that it's required for reliable =
operations, and </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; change at this stage is not desirable, that's =
fine with me. </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; We have had it there since August, with no =
major concerns,</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; so it seems</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; acceptable to most reviewers.</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; You also want to use the M-bit as in =
RFC3551.</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; The M-bit behavior is from (RFC3551): =
&quot;For applications</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; which send</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; either no packets or occasional =
comfort-noise packets</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; during silence,</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; the first packet</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; of a talkspurt, that is, the first =
packet after a silence</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; period during</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; which packets have not been =
transmitted contiguously, SHOULD be </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; distinguished by setting the marker =
bit in the RTP data</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; header to one.&quot;</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; That can be OK. But then you must not do =
anything drastic, such as</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; adding a missing text marker just because =
the packet with the M-bit </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; seems to be missing. With 10% packet loss, =
10% of the </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; M-bits will be</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; missing, but only 0.1% of text, if we are =
using primary and two</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; redundant transmissions.</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; One need not solely depend on the missing =
primary with marker</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; to conclude loss of </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; t140 data for audio/red/t140. </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; Assuming that 10% of M-bits are lost:</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; If the total number of consecutive packets lost =
is less than </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; the redundancy level in use, one can easily =
determine if the </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; missing sequence numbers were carrying text or =
voice. </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; At other times I agree that it may not be =
obvious.&nbsp; It seems </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; like one could use both the timestamp gap and =
sequence number </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; gap to determine if any text was lost. Note =
that </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; when text is transmitted the sequence numbers =
increments by 1 </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; every 300/500ms where&nbsp; </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; as for voice it would be every 20/30ms or so. =
</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; Would it be OK to you to take in the text =
about the M-bit from </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; RFC3551?</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; Yes.</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; Thanks,</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; --Satish</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; Gunnar</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; =
-------------------------------------------</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; Gunnar Hellstr=F6m</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; Omnitor AB</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; Renathv=E4gen 2</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; SE 121 37 Johanneshov</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; SWEDEN</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; +46 8 556 002 03</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; Mob: +46 708 204 288</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; www.omnitor.se</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; Gunnar.Hellstrom@Omnitor.se</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; =
--------------------------------------------</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; -----Original Message-----</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; From: avt-admin@ietf.org [<A =
HREF=3D"mailto:avt-admin@ietf.org">mailto:avt-admin@ietf.org</A>]On =
Behalf Of</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; Mundra, Satish</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; Sent: Tuesday, May 11, 2004 7:19 =
PM</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; To: 'Gunnar Hellstrom'; Paul E. =
Jones; avt IETF</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; Subject: RE: [avt] Comments/questions =
on </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; draft-ietf-avt-rfc2793bis-04</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt;</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt;</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; Gunnar/Paul,</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt;</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; Thanks for summarizing the questions. =
The previous comments got</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; cross-posted, I have used your latest =
posting for further </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; debate on</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; the questions/comments. See comments =
inline...</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt;</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; Regards,</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt;</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; Satish Mundra</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt;</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt; -----Original =
Message-----</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt; From: Gunnar Hellstrom [<A =
HREF=3D"mailto:gunnar.hellstrom@omnitor.se">mailto:gunnar.hellstrom@omni=
tor.se</A>]</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt; Sent: Monday, May 10, 2004 6:29 =
PM</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt; To: Paul E. Jones; Mundra, =
Satish; avt IETF</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt; Subject: RE: [avt] =
Comments/questions on</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt; =
draft-ietf-avt-rfc2793bis-04</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt;</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt;</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt; Satish,</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt; I am eager to come to =
conclusions on your questions regarding</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt; =
draft-ietf-avt-rfc2793bis-04.</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt;</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt; Our (Paul=B4s and mine ) =
understanding regarding the</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; questions are</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt; now:</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt;</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt; 1. Security risk to have the =
16-bit T140block counter to always</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt; start at 0 in a session. I =
mentioned that loss in the beginning </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt; could be detected by the text =
stream not starting with </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; the Unicode</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt; synchronization character, =
because the requirement to</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; start with</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt; that code is clearly stated in =
T.140. So, that could be</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; used and the</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt; counter could then start at a =
random value. However, also this</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt; session start code can be seen =
as a security risk with the same </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt; reason as the 0 counter would be =
one. Are not all media full of</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt; predictable bit patterns, like =
picture start headers, audio</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt; session parameters etc?</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt;</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt; We would like to hear more =
voices if it is important to</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; start the</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt; counter at a random value, and =
instead rely on detection</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; of initial</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt; loss by a missing Unicode =
Synchronization character.</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt;</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt;</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; See comments on the &quot;t140block =
counter&quot; below.</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt;</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt; 2. M-bit for indication of start =
of text.</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt; You hint that we should specify =
that the M-bit SHALL be used as</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt; indicated in the AVT profile for =
indicating start of text </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; initially</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt; in the stream and also after a =
gap. This could be used both to</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt; detect loss and in order to =
detect when suspected loss is </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; only loss</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt; of empty text blocks.</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt;</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt;</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; Yes.</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt;</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt; Each M-bit is only sent once, so =
it does not get improved</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt; reliability by redundancy. We =
have a mechanism with </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; marking missing</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt; text with a Unicode replacement =
character, specified in</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; T.140. If in</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt; doubt, it is better to mark too =
much than too little,</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; because there</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt; will be non-printable characters =
that will be marked by this</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt; character when lost. Therefore =
the users might know that </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; there can</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt; be markers for missing text =
without any visible text missing.</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt;</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt;</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; Let me understand this again, the =
requirement for the</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; payload format</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; is to NOT fail in detecting LOSS when =
occurs, misleading loss</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; indicators are unavoidable and seem =
to be acceptable. </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; [see further</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; comments on the block counter =
below]</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt;</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt; So, for audio/t140, we can =
select between three methods for</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt; indicating the start of =
stream:&nbsp; a. counter =3D0&nbsp; b. M-bit&nbsp; </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; c. Unicode</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt; start of stream character</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt;</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt;</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; See comments on counter below.</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt;</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt; For text/t140, we can only =
select between two methods:&nbsp; a. M-bit</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt;&nbsp; b. Unicode start of stream =
character</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt;</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt; A missing M-bit does not give =
full information if a real text</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt; element is missing. The text =
might be received in </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; redundant code.</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt; But it can be used as a likely =
indication.</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt;</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt; The other methods are at least =
as reliable as the redundant</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt; transmission method used.</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt;</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt;</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt; For text during a session, we =
have the following problem:</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; What is a</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt; gap? When shall the M-bit be set =
to 1? What is a text-spurt?</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt;</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt;</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; Borrowing from section 5.4 of =
draft(04), gap would be &quot;no</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; new T.140</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; data to transmit after the transmit =
buffering interval</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; described in</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; section 5.1 has</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; passed&quot;.&nbsp; This defines the =
text-spurt which is analogous to</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; talkspurt.</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt;</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; The M-bit behavior is from (RFC3551): =
&quot;For applications</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; which send</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; either no packets or occasional =
comfort-noise packets</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; during silence,</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; the first packet</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; of a talkspurt, that is, the first =
packet after a silence</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; period during</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; which packets have not been =
transmitted contiguously, SHOULD be </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; distinguished by setting the marker =
bit in the RTP data</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; header to one.&quot;</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt;</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt; For text/t140, it is hard to =
find a good delimitation</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; for when a</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt; text-spurt starts. There is no =
declaration of the time</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; between the</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt; packets, just the buffering time =
that normally may be</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; 300 ms, but</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt; may vary. For the text/red/t140 =
case, there could be a</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; reason to use</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt; the M-bit, when only the primary =
data contains valid</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; text. The other</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt; blocks should be empty or =
non-existing. That is the</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; case after a</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt; pause. Detection of an M-bit can =
make sure that the risk</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; is kept low</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt; for falsely marking loss of data =
during the pause. Without the </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt; use of the M-bit, falsely =
marking lost text will occur slightly </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt; more often.</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt;</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt;</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; The text-spurt starts with the packet =
that you transmit after a</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; zero-length block is transmitted, =
that happens whenever the T.140 </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; buffering interval expires and no new =
data</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; is available for transmission.</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt;</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt;</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt; For the plain text/t140 format, =
I do not see any need</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; for marking</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt; the first packet after a longer =
pause.</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt;</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt;</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; It helps in situations when one can =
not include a</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; zero-length block as</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; redundant data because it's too =
old.</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt;</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt; For red/audio/t140 I see no need =
for the M-bit. The</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; counter give a</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt; better reliability.</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt;</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt;</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; During a interval where text is =
transmitted contiguously, the</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; block-counter and the RTP sequence =
numbers are in sync. So </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; I guess the</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; counter is only useful at the =
boundaries when</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; switchover between voice/text payload =
is occurring.&nbsp; Under</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; certain loss</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; scenarios or when both marker and =
zero-length blocks are lost one </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; could have misleading text =
loss-indicator which in any case are</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; unavoidable. In either</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; case you would detect loss as =
required.</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt;</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; As I mentioned earlier, I am =
unconvinced about the</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; usefulness of the</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; block counter. During contiguous text =
transmission the</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; counter and RTP</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; sequence numbers are in sync. Even if =
marker is lost, one</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; could sync</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; to the first sequence number that can =
be deriver or is</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; present in the</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; header. IMO, different redundancy =
rules for text/t140 and</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; audio/t140</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; can be unified and</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; implementation simplified.</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt;</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt; The current RFC2793 does not =
specify the use of the M-bit.</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt; RFC2793bis should be compatible =
with RFC2793 for text/t140 and </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt; text/red/t140. Using the M-bit =
for RFC2793 bis would be a </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; step off</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt; from that direction.</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt;</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt; Anyway, it does little harm, so =
if there are voices for</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; it, we could</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt; say that the transmitter MUST =
use the M-bit to indicate</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; start of</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt; stream, and start after a pause. =
The receiver MAY use it for</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt; detection of loss.</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt;</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt;</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt; Please advice</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt;</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt; Regards</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt;</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt; Gunnar</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt; =
--------------------------------------------------------------</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt; -------------</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt; -------</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt;</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt;</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt; Satish,</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt; Further answers inline,</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt;</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt; Gunnar</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt;</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt; =
-------------------------------------------</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt; Gunnar Hellstr=F6m</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt; Omnitor AB</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt; Renathv=E4gen 2</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt; SE 121 37 Johanneshov</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt; SWEDEN</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt; +46 8 556 002 03</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt; Mob: +46 708 204 288</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt; www.omnitor.se</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt; =
Gunnar.Hellstrom@Omnitor.se</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt; =
--------------------------------------------</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt;</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt;</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt; &gt; -----Original =
Message-----</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt; &gt; From: Paul E. Jones [<A =
HREF=3D"mailto:paulej@packetizer.com">mailto:paulej@packetizer.com</A>]<=
/FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt; &gt; Sent: Thursday, May 06, =
2004 11:10 PM</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt; &gt; To: Mundra, Satish; 'Gunnar =
Hellstrom'; avt IETF</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt; &gt; Subject: Re: [avt] =
Comments/questions on</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt; &gt; =
draft-ietf-avt-rfc2793bis-03/04</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt; &gt;</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt; &gt;</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt;</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; X--------snip</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt;</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; =
_______________________________________________</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; Audio/Video Transport Working =
Group</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; avt@ietf.org</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; <A =
HREF=3D"https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt" =
TARGET=3D"_blank">https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt</A></FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt;</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt;</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &gt; </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; =
_______________________________________________</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; Audio/Video Transport Working Group</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; avt@ietf.org</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; <A =
HREF=3D"https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt" =
TARGET=3D"_blank">https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt</A></FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; </FONT>
</P>

</BODY>
</HTML>

_______________________________________________
Audio/Video Transport Working Group
avt@ietf.org
https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt



From exim@www1.ietf.org  Sun May 16 05:57:12 2004
Received: from optimus.ietf.org (www.iesg.org [132.151.1.19])
	by ietf.org (8.9.1a/8.9.1a) with ESMTP id FAA24312
	for <avt-archive@odin.ietf.org>; Sun, 16 May 2004 05:57:12 -0400 (EDT)
Received: from localhost.localdomain ([127.0.0.1] helo=www1.ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BPIJM-0003YC-Op
	for avt-archive@odin.ietf.org; Sun, 16 May 2004 05:52:00 -0400
Received: (from exim@localhost)
	by www1.ietf.org (8.12.8/8.12.8/Submit) id i4G9q0Ah013616
	for avt-archive@odin.ietf.org; Sun, 16 May 2004 05:52:00 -0400
Received: from localhost.localdomain ([127.0.0.1] helo=www1.ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BPIDa-0002FZ-CE; Sun, 16 May 2004 05:46:02 -0400
Received: from odin.ietf.org ([132.151.1.176] helo=ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BPHZl-0005VO-2Y
	for avt@optimus.ietf.org; Sun, 16 May 2004 05:04:53 -0400
Received: from ietf-mx (ietf-mx.ietf.org [132.151.6.1])
	by ietf.org (8.9.1a/8.9.1a) with ESMTP id FAA22735
	for <avt@ietf.org>; Sun, 16 May 2004 05:04:49 -0400 (EDT)
Received: from ietf-mx.ietf.org ([132.151.6.1] helo=ietf-mx)
	by ietf-mx with esmtp (Exim 4.32)
	id 1BPHZh-000441-Rr
	for avt@ietf.org; Sun, 16 May 2004 05:04:49 -0400
Received: from exim by ietf-mx with spam-scanned (Exim 4.12)
	id 1BPHYk-0003i4-00
	for avt@ietf.org; Sun, 16 May 2004 05:03:51 -0400
Received: from dundee.dcs.gla.ac.uk ([130.209.242.163])
	by ietf-mx with esmtp (Exim 4.12)
	id 1BPHY9-0003IY-00
	for avt@ietf.org; Sun, 16 May 2004 05:03:13 -0400
Received: from csperkins-dsl.demon.co.uk ([80.176.225.173]:60145 helo=[192.168.0.3])
	by dundee.dcs.gla.ac.uk with asmtp (TLSv1:RC4-MD5:128)
	(Exim 4.04)
	id 1BPHXf-0002gC-00; Sun, 16 May 2004 10:02:44 +0100
From: Colin Perkins <csp@csperkins.org>
Organization: http://csperkins.org
To: avt@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [AVT] WG last call: text/red and RFC2793bis
Date: Sun, 16 May 2004 10:02:44 +0100
User-Agent: KMail/1.6.2
Cc: "John Lazzaro" <lazzaro@eecs.berkeley.edu>
References: <A63A88E9-A5D1-11D8-89B6-00039372C384@eecs.berkeley.edu>
In-Reply-To: <A63A88E9-A5D1-11D8-89B6-00039372C384@eecs.berkeley.edu>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Disposition: inline
Content-Type: text/plain;
  charset="iso-8859-15"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Message-Id: <200405161002.45257.csp@csperkins.org>
X-Spam-Checker-Version: SpamAssassin 2.60 (1.212-2003-09-23-exp) on 
	ietf-mx.ietf.org
X-Spam-Status: No, hits=0.0 required=5.0 tests=AWL autolearn=no version=2.60
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Sender: avt-admin@ietf.org
Errors-To: avt-admin@ietf.org
X-BeenThere: avt@ietf.org
X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.12
Precedence: bulk
List-Unsubscribe: <https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt>,
	<mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=unsubscribe>
List-Id: Audio/Video Transport Working Group <avt.ietf.org>
List-Post: <mailto:avt@ietf.org>
List-Help: <mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=help>
List-Subscribe: <https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt>,
	<mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=subscribe>
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit

On Friday 14 May 2004 19:08, John Lazzaro wrote:
> A suggestion.  After the first time a document goes to Last Call,
> and gets OKed by someone (on text/red that was me), all future
> requests should include URLs to the I-D diffs on this website:
>
> http://ietf.levkowetz.com/drafts/avt/text-red/
>
> and an "OK on the diffs" should be considered an OK on the document.

I wasn't aware of that website, but it certainly looks useful. Being "okay 
on the diffs" is certainly acceptable, provided one has checked an earlier 
version of the draft - I frequently do this using tkdiff. 

> I just checked over the  -02/-03 and -03/-04 diffs for tex/red and give
> my OK on the diffs.

Many thanks...

Colin

_______________________________________________
Audio/Video Transport Working Group
avt@ietf.org
https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt



From exim@www1.ietf.org  Sun May 16 05:57:32 2004
Received: from optimus.ietf.org (www.iesg.org [132.151.1.19])
	by ietf.org (8.9.1a/8.9.1a) with ESMTP id FAA24329
	for <avt-archive@odin.ietf.org>; Sun, 16 May 2004 05:57:32 -0400 (EDT)
Received: from localhost.localdomain ([127.0.0.1] helo=www1.ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BPILg-0003re-VZ
	for avt-archive@odin.ietf.org; Sun, 16 May 2004 05:54:24 -0400
Received: (from exim@localhost)
	by www1.ietf.org (8.12.8/8.12.8/Submit) id i4G9sOed014849
	for avt-archive@odin.ietf.org; Sun, 16 May 2004 05:54:24 -0400
Received: from localhost.localdomain ([127.0.0.1] helo=www1.ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BPIDa-0002Fh-Va; Sun, 16 May 2004 05:46:02 -0400
Received: from odin.ietf.org ([132.151.1.176] helo=ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BPHdu-0006XO-5P
	for avt@optimus.ietf.org; Sun, 16 May 2004 05:09:10 -0400
Received: from ietf-mx (ietf-mx.ietf.org [132.151.6.1])
	by ietf.org (8.9.1a/8.9.1a) with ESMTP id FAA22958
	for <avt@ietf.org>; Sun, 16 May 2004 05:09:07 -0400 (EDT)
Received: from ietf-mx.ietf.org ([132.151.6.1] helo=ietf-mx)
	by ietf-mx with esmtp (Exim 4.32)
	id 1BPHdq-0005dH-Vt
	for avt@ietf.org; Sun, 16 May 2004 05:09:07 -0400
Received: from exim by ietf-mx with spam-scanned (Exim 4.12)
	id 1BPHcn-0005EO-00
	for avt@ietf.org; Sun, 16 May 2004 05:08:01 -0400
Received: from dundee.dcs.gla.ac.uk ([130.209.242.163])
	by ietf-mx with esmtp (Exim 4.12)
	id 1BPHbp-0004SM-00
	for avt@ietf.org; Sun, 16 May 2004 05:07:02 -0400
Received: from csperkins-dsl.demon.co.uk ([80.176.225.173]:60171 helo=[192.168.0.3])
	by dundee.dcs.gla.ac.uk with asmtp (TLSv1:RC4-MD5:128)
	(Exim 4.04)
	id 1BPHbM-0002gR-00; Sun, 16 May 2004 10:06:32 +0100
From: Colin Perkins <csp@csperkins.org>
Organization: http://csperkins.org
To: avt@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [AVT] WG last call: text/red
Date: Sun, 16 May 2004 10:06:34 +0100
User-Agent: KMail/1.6.2
Cc: "Mundra, Satish" <smundra@telogy.com>,
        "'Paul E. Jones'" <paulej@packetizer.com>
References: <09DD40ABD88ACF4CB0D3CD84BB95296001B475@tnint11.telogy.design.ti.com>
In-Reply-To: <09DD40ABD88ACF4CB0D3CD84BB95296001B475@tnint11.telogy.design.ti.com>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Disposition: inline
Content-Type: text/plain;
  charset="iso-8859-15"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Message-Id: <200405161006.34378.csp@csperkins.org>
X-Spam-Checker-Version: SpamAssassin 2.60 (1.212-2003-09-23-exp) on 
	ietf-mx.ietf.org
X-Spam-Status: No, hits=0.0 required=5.0 tests=AWL autolearn=no version=2.60
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Sender: avt-admin@ietf.org
Errors-To: avt-admin@ietf.org
X-BeenThere: avt@ietf.org
X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.12
Precedence: bulk
List-Unsubscribe: <https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt>,
	<mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=unsubscribe>
List-Id: Audio/Video Transport Working Group <avt.ietf.org>
List-Post: <mailto:avt@ietf.org>
List-Help: <mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=help>
List-Subscribe: <https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt>,
	<mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=subscribe>
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit

Thanks! 

I believe there were a couple of typos found which should be corrected in a 
new version of the draft, but no-one has raised a technical problem.  Paul 
- can you submit an update to fix the editorial things, then we'll advance 
the draft to the IESG.

Colin



On Friday 14 May 2004 23:21, Mundra, Satish wrote:
> Colin/Paul,
>
>
> I have reviewed the draft <draft-ietf-avt-text-red-04.txt>.
> It looks good to move further.
>
>
> Regards,
>
>
> Satish Mundra
>
> > -----Original Message-----
> > From: Colin Perkins [mailto:csp@csperkins.org]
> > Sent: Friday, April 30, 2004 2:52 PM
> > To: IETF AVT WG
> > Subject: [AVT] WG last call: text/red and RFC2793bis
> >
> >
> > This is to announce a working group last call on the "text/red" MIME
> > type registration <draft-ietf-avt-text-red-04.txt>, and the
> > RTP Payload
> > Format for Text Conversation <draft-ietf-avt-rfc2793bis-04.txt>. Both
> > drafts are under consideration for proposed standard status.
> >
> > Please send any final comments on these drafts to the mailing list
> > before Friday 14th May 2004. Note that we will not advance
> > either draft
> > until we receive a valid review of the work by someone other than the
> > authors.
> >
> > Colin
> >
> >
> > _______________________________________________
> > Audio/Video Transport Working Group
> > avt@ietf.org
> > https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt
>
> _______________________________________________ Audio/Video Transport
> Working Group avt@ietf.org https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt

-- 
Colin Perkins
http://csperkins.org/

_______________________________________________
Audio/Video Transport Working Group
avt@ietf.org
https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt



From exim@www1.ietf.org  Sun May 16 17:34:24 2004
Received: from optimus.ietf.org (iesg.org [132.151.1.19])
	by ietf.org (8.9.1a/8.9.1a) with ESMTP id RAA22598
	for <avt-archive@odin.ietf.org>; Sun, 16 May 2004 17:34:24 -0400 (EDT)
Received: from localhost.localdomain ([127.0.0.1] helo=www1.ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BPTFx-0003XP-Rr
	for avt-archive@odin.ietf.org; Sun, 16 May 2004 17:33:14 -0400
Received: (from exim@localhost)
	by www1.ietf.org (8.12.8/8.12.8/Submit) id i4GLXDJD013599
	for avt-archive@odin.ietf.org; Sun, 16 May 2004 17:33:13 -0400
Received: from localhost.localdomain ([127.0.0.1] helo=www1.ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BPT90-0002nP-Cs; Sun, 16 May 2004 17:26:02 -0400
Received: from odin.ietf.org ([132.151.1.176] helo=ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BPT3U-00029c-Pz
	for avt@optimus.ietf.org; Sun, 16 May 2004 17:20:21 -0400
Received: from ietf-mx (ietf-mx.ietf.org [132.151.6.1])
	by ietf.org (8.9.1a/8.9.1a) with ESMTP id RAA22255
	for <avt@ietf.org>; Sun, 16 May 2004 17:20:17 -0400 (EDT)
Received: from ietf-mx.ietf.org ([132.151.6.1] helo=ietf-mx)
	by ietf-mx with esmtp (Exim 4.32)
	id 1BPT3S-0000AY-D5
	for avt@ietf.org; Sun, 16 May 2004 17:20:18 -0400
Received: from exim by ietf-mx with spam-scanned (Exim 4.12)
	id 1BPT2X-0007f7-00
	for avt@ietf.org; Sun, 16 May 2004 17:19:22 -0400
Received: from av4-2-sn3.vrr.skanova.net ([81.228.9.112])
	by ietf-mx with esmtp (Exim 4.12)
	id 1BPT1b-000741-00
	for avt@ietf.org; Sun, 16 May 2004 17:18:23 -0400
Received: by av4-2-sn3.vrr.skanova.net (Postfix, from userid 502)
	id 47DC737ECE; Sun, 16 May 2004 23:17:52 +0200 (CEST)
Received: from smtp1-1-sn3.vrr.skanova.net (smtp1-1-sn3.vrr.skanova.net [81.228.9.177])
	by av4-2-sn3.vrr.skanova.net (Postfix) with ESMTP
	id 36C4037E53; Sun, 16 May 2004 23:17:52 +0200 (CEST)
Received: from vit (h53n2fls31o265.telia.com [217.208.189.53])
	by smtp1-1-sn3.vrr.skanova.net (Postfix) with SMTP
	id BC9E038012; Sun, 16 May 2004 23:17:51 +0200 (CEST)
From: "Gunnar Hellstrom" <gunnar.hellstrom@omnitor.se>
To: <avt@ietf.org>, "Colin Perkins" <csp@csperkins.org>
Cc: "Paul Jones(Packetizer)" <paulej@packetizer.com>,
        "Satish Mundra" <smundra@telogy.com>
Subject: RE: [AVT] WG last call: text/red and RFC2793bis
Date: Sun, 16 May 2004 23:17:52 +0200
Message-ID: <BHEHLFPKIPMLPFNFAHJKCEMOEHAA.gunnar.hellstrom@omnitor.se>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain;
	charset="iso-8859-15"
X-Priority: 3 (Normal)
X-MSMail-Priority: Normal
X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook IMO, Build 9.0.2416 (9.0.2910.0)
In-Reply-To: <200405140949.48748.csp@csperkins.org>
X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1409
Importance: Normal
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
X-Spam-Checker-Version: SpamAssassin 2.60 (1.212-2003-09-23-exp) on 
	ietf-mx.ietf.org
X-Spam-Status: No, hits=0.1 required=5.0 tests=AWL autolearn=no version=2.60
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
Sender: avt-admin@ietf.org
Errors-To: avt-admin@ietf.org
X-BeenThere: avt@ietf.org
X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.12
Precedence: bulk
List-Unsubscribe: <https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt>,
	<mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=unsubscribe>
List-Id: Audio/Video Transport Working Group <avt.ietf.org>
List-Post: <mailto:avt@ietf.org>
List-Help: <mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=help>
List-Subscribe: <https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt>,
	<mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=subscribe>
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable

Colin and all,
Thanks for fruitful review and discussion.

We will make a new revision available.
This is where the current revision is:
http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-avt-rfc2793bis-04.txt

I have the following notes about things to change, or things discussed:

1. Section 3.6. Use of M-bit.
Use of M-bit shall be recommended to mark beginning of new text after a p=
eriod of silence,
just as in the AVP profile.
I see that some applications may find this useful and we do not want to h=
inder that. The
SHOULD for transmission will be included without any recommendation about=
 what the
receiver shall do.
But see discussion under 13 for possible sharpening of this statement.

2. Section 4, insert word "protection" before "methods" in next-to-last l=
ine makes it more
clear what it is about.

3. Section 4.2. transmission of old redundant data.
Change rule about redundant data older than 16383 ticks. Include them, bu=
t set the
timestamp offset to hex 3FFF. We never used the timestamp of text for any=
thing. The
receiver may decide if it is still appropriate to present the text. This =
new strategy
simplifies logic for detection of loss, and avoiding false detection of l=
oss.

4. The first two paragraphs of 4.2 should be valid for audio/t140 as well=
 and should
therefore be moved to sec. 4.1. The corresponding part in section 4.3 can=
 be deleted.

5. In sec 4.3. Insert a clarification that the length indicator of the re=
dundant block
includes the t140 counter.

6. Section 5.4. Make it clear that when using red payload, it should be u=
sed all through
the session. ( with change 3 above, we always have redundant blocks, exce=
pt in the first
packet.

7 Last example in sec 7.1. The R2 and R1 mark should change places. Newer=
 data is placed
after older.

8 Last example in sec 7.2. The F-bit of the last redundancy header s.b. 0

9 Last example in sec 7.2. The text says that there are two levels of red=
undant info in
the example, but the figure only shows one redundant header. Insert one m=
ore.

10 Section 3.2. T140block counter initialized to zero is a security weakn=
ess.
We got a comment that it opens to security attacks to specify that the t1=
40block counter
shall begin with the value zero. This value was selected in order to be a=
ble to detect
loss of the first block. In T.140, there is a requirement that the sessio=
n shall start
with a Unicode synchronization character. Even if there is no instruction=
 today in T.140
to indicate that the synch character is missing, applications can do so.

However, the counter is a field in the payload, and it is common to have =
fixed patterns,
like start-of-picture, start-of-block etc. in the payloads.

We can change the text to require that the t140block counter shall start =
with a random
value, and hint that upper layers should indicate loss of the synch chara=
cter.

I would like a second opinion on the importance of avoiding initial zero =
value on
t140block counter before we do this change.

11. Find another solution for loss detection in audio/t140 than introduci=
ng the t140block
counter.
We had discussions on ways to avoid using the t140block counter for audio=
/t140 in order to
save bits and make the two formats more equal. Methods were proposed base=
d on the M-bit
and detection of empty blocks of data, and evaluating the differences in =
sequence numbers
to detect if text or audio was lost in the audio/t140 case. All these pro=
posed methods
appeared to have logic weaknesses, so we prefer to stay with the more bit=
 consuming but
more reliable and simple method based on the t140block counter.

12. False detection of loss in the text/red/t140 format.
A small risk for false detection of loss has been pointed out in the text=
/red/t140 format.
If all transmissions of an empty block are lost, the receiver may deduct =
that text is lost
and indicate that to the upper layers. But no text was lost, just an empt=
y block.

We want to maintain interoperability with RFC2793, and that reduces the o=
pportunity to do
anything about this risk. The rule in item 3 above helps to some degree.

There are other "invisible" characters in T.140, e.g. the "bell" for audi=
ble, visible or
tactile alerting during call. Loss of it will be also marked by a missing=
 text marker even
if nothing is missing in the visual presentation. Therefore the users wil=
l understand the
missing text indicator that there MAY have been a loss of visible charact=
ers. Therefore it
is better to give some false indications than to drop text without markin=
g it.

Thus the currently defined procedures are suitable and no change is neede=
d.

13. Late and false detection of loss in the audio/t140 and text/t140 form=
at
In the formats without redundancy, the current procedures will not reveal=
 loss until next
real character is transmitted. That may take minutes. A proposal is to in=
troduce and send
the same empty block once after the buffering timeout. Next time there is=
 something real
to send, it should be sent with the M-bit.
Loss of the last real character may be detected soon, if the empty block =
is received.
If the last, empty block is lost, but next block, sent with M-bit is rece=
ived, a rule can
be that a gap of two in sequence number when M-bit is received shall not =
be reported as
loss. A gap of three or more shall be reported as loss. If the block with=
 the M-bit is
lost, real data is lost, and next reception will show no M-bit and a numb=
er gap of 2 or
more that leads to indication of loss.

This procedure need to be defined with MUST for both transmission of empt=
y block and for
transmission of M-bit and use of the logic for detection of loss, otherwi=
se there will be
false detections and missed detections if different applications implemen=
t different
parts.

One side effect will be packets with just empty blocks taking up bandwidt=
h.
I want to check the feelings for introducing this method.


14. The "text spurt" concept.
In the discussions, the word "text spurt" has been used often. I hope tha=
t it has not
influenced anyone to believe that text and voice must come in "spurts" an=
d take turns. It
was an unfortune functional limitation in most old text telephone systems=
 in PSTN, but it
is definitely not the way users want to use text and voice in a call. An =
opportunity to
use both media in parallell is what the users want, and it can easily be =
achieved in IP
transmission.
Conclusion: Avoid influencing the transmission methods by organising tran=
smission in
spurts. Let it be a matter at the terminals or gateways.


Regards
Gunnar

-------------------------------------------
Gunnar Hellstr=F6m
Omnitor AB
Renathv=E4gen 2
SE 121 37 Johanneshov
SWEDEN
+46 8 556 002 03
Mob: +46 708 204 288
www.omnitor.se
Gunnar.Hellstrom@Omnitor.se
--------------------------------------------


-----Original Message-----
From: avt-admin@ietf.org [mailto:avt-admin@ietf.org]On Behalf Of Colin
Perkins
Sent: Friday, May 14, 2004 10:50 AM
To: avt@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [AVT] WG last call: text/red and RFC2793bis


On Friday 30 April 2004 19:51, Colin Perkins wrote:
> This is to announce a working group last call on the "text/red" MIME
> type registration <draft-ietf-avt-text-red-04.txt>, and the RTP Payload
> Format for Text Conversation <draft-ietf-avt-rfc2793bis-04.txt>. Both
> drafts are under consideration for proposed standard status.
>
> Please send any final comments on these drafts to the mailing list
> before Friday 14th May 2004. Note that we will not advance either draft
> until we receive a valid review of the work by someone other than the
> authors.

The working group last call for these drafts ends today.

There has been considerable discussion of the 2793bis draft on the mailin=
g
list, thanks to the review by Satish Mundra, and it appears that there ar=
e
open issues to resolve. Accordingly, we will not advance the 2793bis draf=
t
until a revision is available that addresses these concerns.

The text/red draft has not yet received a public last call review, even
through there are 1077 people on the list who received the request for
input.  Accordingly, it will continue in working group last call until
such a review is received.

--
Colin Perkins
http://csperkins.org/

_______________________________________________
Audio/Video Transport Working Group
avt@ietf.org
https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt




_______________________________________________
Audio/Video Transport Working Group
avt@ietf.org
https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt



From exim@www1.ietf.org  Mon May 17 04:36:42 2004
Received: from optimus.ietf.org (www.iesg.org [132.151.1.19])
	by ietf.org (8.9.1a/8.9.1a) with ESMTP id EAA07303
	for <avt-archive@odin.ietf.org>; Mon, 17 May 2004 04:36:42 -0400 (EDT)
Received: from localhost.localdomain ([127.0.0.1] helo=www1.ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BPdW9-0006Lr-Ny
	for avt-archive@odin.ietf.org; Mon, 17 May 2004 04:30:38 -0400
Received: (from exim@localhost)
	by www1.ietf.org (8.12.8/8.12.8/Submit) id i4H8Ub3C024412
	for avt-archive@odin.ietf.org; Mon, 17 May 2004 04:30:37 -0400
Received: from localhost.localdomain ([127.0.0.1] helo=www1.ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BPdJ0-0004j5-Gw; Mon, 17 May 2004 04:17:02 -0400
Received: from odin.ietf.org ([132.151.1.176] helo=ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BPdDK-0003xg-6i
	for avt@optimus.ietf.org; Mon, 17 May 2004 04:11:12 -0400
Received: from ietf-mx (ietf-mx.ietf.org [132.151.6.1])
	by ietf.org (8.9.1a/8.9.1a) with ESMTP id EAA06350
	for <avt@ietf.org>; Mon, 17 May 2004 04:11:08 -0400 (EDT)
Received: from ietf-mx.ietf.org ([132.151.6.1] helo=ietf-mx)
	by ietf-mx with esmtp (Exim 4.32)
	id 1BPdDH-00010K-IV
	for avt@ietf.org; Mon, 17 May 2004 04:11:07 -0400
Received: from exim by ietf-mx with spam-scanned (Exim 4.12)
	id 1BPdCM-0000fn-00
	for avt@ietf.org; Mon, 17 May 2004 04:10:11 -0400
Received: from penguin.ericsson.se ([193.180.251.47])
	by ietf-mx with esmtp (Exim 4.12)
	id 1BPdBP-0000L1-00
	for avt@ietf.org; Mon, 17 May 2004 04:09:11 -0400
Received: from esealmw143.al.sw.ericsson.se ([153.88.254.118])
	by penguin.ericsson.se (8.12.10/8.12.10/WIREfire-1.8b) with ESMTP id i4H89BPA013235
	for <avt@ietf.org>; Mon, 17 May 2004 10:09:11 +0200 (MEST)
Received: from esealnt612.al.sw.ericsson.se ([153.88.254.118]) by esealmw143.al.sw.ericsson.se with Microsoft SMTPSVC(6.0.3790.0);
	 Mon, 17 May 2004 10:09:11 +0200
Received: from ericsson.com (research-1fd0e1.ki.sw.ericsson.se [147.214.34.60]) by esealnt612.al.sw.ericsson.se with SMTP (Microsoft Exchange Internet Mail Service Version 5.5.2657.72)
	id KM010ZRX; Mon, 17 May 2004 10:09:11 +0200
Message-ID: <40A87327.1060905@ericsson.com>
Date: Mon, 17 May 2004 10:09:11 +0200
X-Sybari-Trust: 6375a1a8 08d63d2e 2ac7f470 00000138
From: Magnus Westerlund <magnus.westerlund@ericsson.com>
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.0; en-US; rv:1.4) Gecko/20030624 Netscape/7.1 (ax)
X-Accept-Language: sv, en-us, en
MIME-Version: 1.0
To: Gunnar Hellstrom <gunnar.hellstrom@omnitor.se>
CC: avt@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [AVT] WG last call: text/red and RFC2793bis
References: <BHEHLFPKIPMLPFNFAHJKCEMOEHAA.gunnar.hellstrom@omnitor.se>
In-Reply-To: <BHEHLFPKIPMLPFNFAHJKCEMOEHAA.gunnar.hellstrom@omnitor.se>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii; format=flowed
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
X-OriginalArrivalTime: 17 May 2004 08:09:11.0741 (UTC) FILETIME=[3C89FED0:01C43BE6]
X-Spam-Checker-Version: SpamAssassin 2.60 (1.212-2003-09-23-exp) on 
	ietf-mx.ietf.org
X-Spam-Status: No, hits=0.0 required=5.0 tests=AWL autolearn=no version=2.60
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Sender: avt-admin@ietf.org
Errors-To: avt-admin@ietf.org
X-BeenThere: avt@ietf.org
X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.12
Precedence: bulk
List-Unsubscribe: <https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt>,
	<mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=unsubscribe>
List-Id: Audio/Video Transport Working Group <avt.ietf.org>
List-Post: <mailto:avt@ietf.org>
List-Help: <mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=help>
List-Subscribe: <https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt>,
	<mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=subscribe>
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit

Hi Gunnar,

I have some comments:

Gunnar Hellstrom wrote:

[snip]

> 
> 3. Section 4.2. transmission of old redundant data.
> Change rule about redundant data older than 16383 ticks. Include them,
> but set the
> timestamp offset to hex 3FFF. We never used the timestamp of text for
> anything. The
> receiver may decide if it is still appropriate to present the text. This
> new strategy
> simplifies logic for detection of loss, and avoiding false detection of
> loss.
> 

It might look fine, doing what you proposed. However I see a few 
problems, that you will need to verify that you have thought of:

A. If multiple text blocks fall outside of the 16383 ticks, then you 
will recover multiple text blocks with equal timestamp. That violates 
one of your must.

B. How will old implementations react to this change? According to the 
old draft, a implementation may very well use the timestamp to check if 
the text block is the same as a previous one. Thus I think this change 
has interoperability issues.

[snip]
> 
> 9 Last example in sec 7.2. The text says that there are two levels of
> redundant info in
> the example, but the figure only shows one redundant header. Insert one
> more.

This is in fact not an error, according to your own rules, if one reads 
the text completely:
   "As a follow-on to the previous example, the example below shows
    the next RTP packet in the sequence which does contain a new real
    T140block when using the audio/t140 payload format.  This
    example has 2 levels of redundancy and one primary data block.
    Since the previous primary block was empty, no redundant data
    is included for that block.  This is because when using the
    audio/t140 payload format, any previously transmitted "empty"
    T140blocks are NOT included as redundant data in subsequent
    packets."

You get the explanation in the last sentence. If it is desired to think 
of non sent block as impacting redundancy or not is another question. 
You will have to consider if it is more logical to repeat the same 
packet more than once, letting the receiver use the T140block counter to 
detect this, or in fact move on and include the empty blocks in the shift.

> 
> 10 Section 3.2. T140block counter initialized to zero is a security
> weakness.
> We got a comment that it opens to security attacks to specify that the
> t140block counter
> shall begin with the value zero. This value was selected in order to be
> able to detect
> loss of the first block. In T.140, there is a requirement that the
> session shall start
> with a Unicode synchronization character. Even if there is no
> instruction today in T.140
> to indicate that the synch character is missing, applications can do so.
> 
> However, the counter is a field in the payload, and it is common to have
> fixed patterns,
> like start-of-picture, start-of-block etc. in the payloads.
> 
> We can change the text to require that the t140block counter shall start
> with a random
> value, and hint that upper layers should indicate loss of the synch
> character.
> 
> I would like a second opinion on the importance of avoiding initial zero
> value on
> t140block counter before we do this change.

This depends on the cipher used when performing the encryption. For 
example in SRTP the ciphers defined for usage, all have the property of 
being resistant to known plain text attacks. I totally agree with the 
sentence in SRTP RFC 3711, section 9.3:

    As some RTP packet could contain highly predictable data, e.g., SID,
    it is important to use a cipher designed to resist known plain text
    attacks (which is the current practice).

An older cipher may not have this property. Which is likely based on the 
random tag for RTCP, and other things in RTP. However I think this 
property is necessary for any cipher being used with RTP. Because it is 
predictable to a large extent. Therefore any cipher not having this 
property should be replaced. And I don't see that RFC 2793bis makes this 
worse. I hope that any security expert will correct me if what I write 
is wrong.

Therefore I think you will be safe to define it as starting a 0. However 
in certain applications, for example multiparty sessions, the start at 0 
will give very little information, e.g. for late joiners. Basically it 
could only be used to count how many text blocks a certain user has 
sent. Thus I don't see any real gain of starting at 0.

> 
> 11. Find another solution for loss detection in audio/t140 than
> introducing the t140block
> counter.
> We had discussions on ways to avoid using the t140block counter for
> audio/t140 in order to
> save bits and make the two formats more equal. Methods were proposed
> based on the M-bit
> and detection of empty blocks of data, and evaluating the differences in
> sequence numbers
> to detect if text or audio was lost in the audio/t140 case. All these
> proposed methods
> appeared to have logic weaknesses, so we prefer to stay with the more
> bit consuming but
> more reliable and simple method based on the t140block counter.
> 

I don't think bit-rate consumption in the payload for real users is a 
major consideration. I can agree that alignment would have been nice, 
however I think that robustness is more important.

[snip]
> 
> 13. Late and false detection of loss in the audio/t140 and text/t140
> format
> In the formats without redundancy, the current procedures will not
> reveal loss until next
> real character is transmitted. That may take minutes. A proposal is to
> introduce and send
> the same empty block once after the buffering timeout. Next time there
> is something real
> to send, it should be sent with the M-bit.
> Loss of the last real character may be detected soon, if the empty block
> is received.
> If the last, empty block is lost, but next block, sent with M-bit is
> received, a rule can
> be that a gap of two in sequence number when M-bit is received shall not
> be reported as
> loss. A gap of three or more shall be reported as loss. If the block
> with the M-bit is
> lost, real data is lost, and next reception will show no M-bit and a
> number gap of 2 or
> more that leads to indication of loss.
> 
> This procedure need to be defined with MUST for both transmission of
> empty block and for
> transmission of M-bit and use of the logic for detection of loss,
> otherwise there will be
> false detections and missed detections if different applications
> implement different
> parts.
> 
> One side effect will be packets with just empty blocks taking up
> bandwidth.
> I want to check the feelings for introducing this method.
> 

As I understand it, this is the case when no RFC 2198 redundancy is 
used, and some other mechanism for reliability is used. When the last 
transmitted packet is lost, you are claiming that it might be minutes 
until this loss i detected. However, I think you have forgotten RTCP SR 
packets. If one uses RTCP, there should be two RTCP SR packets sent, 
which will both indicate that this RTP packet has been sent. Of course 
they can be both be lost. But there is need for 3 lost packets instead 
of only one, as you thought. Thus I don't know how sensitive problem 
this is.

A sender could also monitor the receiver reports from the client, if 
they never reports the last packet received, one could send out an empty 
block, to ensure that it is received.

If one does this, one can in most cases ensure that a receiver either 
gets the text block, or at least detect it as lost. And doing the smart 
thing at either end will reduce the risk of false indication to a level 
where it is not worth reporting. I would avoid any receiver heuristics 
for when a packet should be marked lost or not. Because they are likely 
to produce more errors then expected. Having a rule allowing a receiver 
to remove a loss marker after a while, does not seem to make much 
improvement.

Isn't it also that if these mistakes are rare enough, we can let the 
human repair mechanism take care of it.

Cheers

Magnus
-- 

Magnus Westerlund

Multimedia Technologies, Ericsson Research EAB/TVA/A
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Ericsson AB                | Phone +46 8 4048287
Torshamsgatan 23           | Fax   +46 8 7575550
S-164 80 Stockholm, Sweden | mailto: magnus.westerlund@ericsson.com


_______________________________________________
Audio/Video Transport Working Group
avt@ietf.org
https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt



From exim@www1.ietf.org  Mon May 17 10:30:59 2004
Received: from optimus.ietf.org (www.iesg.org [132.151.1.19])
	by ietf.org (8.9.1a/8.9.1a) with ESMTP id KAA25523
	for <avt-archive@odin.ietf.org>; Mon, 17 May 2004 10:30:59 -0400 (EDT)
Received: from localhost.localdomain ([127.0.0.1] helo=www1.ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BPj4z-0004XZ-6I
	for avt-archive@odin.ietf.org; Mon, 17 May 2004 10:26:57 -0400
Received: (from exim@localhost)
	by www1.ietf.org (8.12.8/8.12.8/Submit) id i4HEQvbi017454
	for avt-archive@odin.ietf.org; Mon, 17 May 2004 10:26:57 -0400
Received: from localhost.localdomain ([127.0.0.1] helo=www1.ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BPixO-0002q3-IA; Mon, 17 May 2004 10:19:06 -0400
Received: from odin.ietf.org ([132.151.1.176] helo=ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BPiuY-0001uo-5G
	for avt@optimus.ietf.org; Mon, 17 May 2004 10:16:10 -0400
Received: from ietf-mx (ietf-mx.ietf.org [132.151.6.1])
	by ietf.org (8.9.1a/8.9.1a) with ESMTP id KAA24598
	for <avt@ietf.org>; Mon, 17 May 2004 10:16:07 -0400 (EDT)
Received: from ietf-mx.ietf.org ([132.151.6.1] helo=ietf-mx)
	by ietf-mx with esmtp (Exim 4.32)
	id 1BPiuV-0007lj-Sg
	for avt@ietf.org; Mon, 17 May 2004 10:16:07 -0400
Received: from exim by ietf-mx with spam-scanned (Exim 4.12)
	id 1BPitV-0007Rj-00
	for avt@ietf.org; Mon, 17 May 2004 10:15:06 -0400
Received: from [80.74.106.125] (helo=rvil-mail.RADVISION.com)
	by ietf-mx with esmtp (Exim 4.12)
	id 1BPisj-0006nm-00
	for avt@ietf.org; Mon, 17 May 2004 10:14:17 -0400
X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft Exchange V6.0.6487.1
content-class: urn:content-classes:message
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: multipart/alternative;
	boundary="----_=_NextPart_001_01C43C19.7CA69308"
Date: Mon, 17 May 2004 17:16:03 +0300
Message-ID: <D44BDA2CDAC4664B8DFE8ECF523CFEE32CCEF4@rvil-mail.radvision.com>
Thread-Topic: RFC3711, MKI and <From, To>
Thread-Index: AcQ8GXybWC7aP24XSlqhF0QjNtxmcw==
From: "Ofer Goren" <oferg@radvision.com>
To: <avt@ietf.org>
X-Spam-Checker-Version: SpamAssassin 2.60 (1.212-2003-09-23-exp) on 
	ietf-mx.ietf.org
X-Spam-Status: No, hits=0.4 required=5.0 tests=AWL,HTML_40_50,HTML_MESSAGE 
	autolearn=no version=2.60
Subject: [AVT] RFC3711, MKI and <From, To>
Sender: avt-admin@ietf.org
Errors-To: avt-admin@ietf.org
X-BeenThere: avt@ietf.org
X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.12
Precedence: bulk
List-Unsubscribe: <https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt>,
	<mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=unsubscribe>
List-Id: Audio/Video Transport Working Group <avt.ietf.org>
List-Post: <mailto:avt@ietf.org>
List-Help: <mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=help>
List-Subscribe: <https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt>,
	<mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=subscribe>

This is a multi-part message in MIME format.

------_=_NextPart_001_01C43C19.7CA69308
Content-Type: text/plain;
	charset="windows-1255"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable

Hi.
=20
Since I'm new to security issues I have the following question:
=20
If the SRTP and SRTCP for the same session DO NOT share the same master =
key (well, even if they DO share it), can each of those protocols use =
different method for master-key retrieval? e.g. the SRTP uses the MKI =
method, and the SRTCP uses the <From, To> method. And if so, is there =
any reason to do so, or can I safely assume this will not happen?
=20
Thanks,
=20
Ofer
___________________________________________________
"What kind of a name is Azam Azam?" - Butrus Butrus Ghali.
=20

------_=_NextPart_001_01C43C19.7CA69308
Content-Type: text/html;
	charset="windows-1255"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable

<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN">
<HTML><HEAD>
<META HTTP-EQUIV=3D"Content-Type" CONTENT=3D"text/html; =
charset=3Dwindows-1255">


<META content=3D"MSHTML 6.00.2800.1400" name=3DGENERATOR></HEAD>
<BODY>
<DIV><SPAN class=3D327511014-17052004><FONT face=3DArial=20
size=3D2>Hi.</FONT></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=3D327511014-17052004><FONT face=3DArial=20
size=3D2></FONT></SPAN>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=3D327511014-17052004><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2>Since =
I'm new to=20
security issues I have the following question:</FONT></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=3D327511014-17052004><FONT face=3DArial=20
size=3D2></FONT></SPAN>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=3D327511014-17052004><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2>If the =
SRTP and=20
SRTCP for the <U>same session</U> DO NOT share the same master key =
(well, even=20
if they DO share it), can each of those protocols use different method =
for=20
master-key retrieval? e.g. the SRTP uses the MKI method, and the SRTCP =
uses the=20
&lt;From, To&gt; method. And if so, is there any reason to do so, or can =
I=20
safely assume this will not happen?</FONT></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=3D327511014-17052004><FONT face=3DArial=20
size=3D2></FONT></SPAN>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=3D327511014-17052004><FONT face=3DArial=20
size=3D2>Thanks,</FONT></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2>Ofer</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3DArial><FONT=20
size=3D2>_______________________________________________<SPAN=20
class=3D327511014-17052004>____</SPAN></FONT></FONT></DIV></DIV>
<DIV>
<DIV class=3Dcat-list-blurb><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2>"What kind of a =
name is Azam=20
Azam?" - Butrus Butrus Ghali.</FONT></DIV></DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV></BODY></HTML>

------_=_NextPart_001_01C43C19.7CA69308--

_______________________________________________
Audio/Video Transport Working Group
avt@ietf.org
https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt



From exim@www1.ietf.org  Mon May 17 12:26:44 2004
Received: from optimus.ietf.org (www.iesg.org [132.151.1.19])
	by ietf.org (8.9.1a/8.9.1a) with ESMTP id MAA02926
	for <avt-archive@odin.ietf.org>; Mon, 17 May 2004 12:26:44 -0400 (EDT)
Received: from localhost.localdomain ([127.0.0.1] helo=www1.ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BPkhD-0001VC-6q
	for avt-archive@odin.ietf.org; Mon, 17 May 2004 12:10:31 -0400
Received: (from exim@localhost)
	by www1.ietf.org (8.12.8/8.12.8/Submit) id i4HGAVjH005717
	for avt-archive@odin.ietf.org; Mon, 17 May 2004 12:10:31 -0400
Received: from localhost.localdomain ([127.0.0.1] helo=www1.ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BPkUA-0007wU-NI; Mon, 17 May 2004 11:57:02 -0400
Received: from odin.ietf.org ([132.151.1.176] helo=ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BPkQP-0006yX-Qz
	for avt@optimus.ietf.org; Mon, 17 May 2004 11:53:10 -0400
Received: from ietf-mx (ietf-mx.ietf.org [132.151.6.1])
	by ietf.org (8.9.1a/8.9.1a) with ESMTP id LAA00243
	for <avt@ietf.org>; Mon, 17 May 2004 11:53:07 -0400 (EDT)
Received: from ietf-mx.ietf.org ([132.151.6.1] helo=ietf-mx)
	by ietf-mx with esmtp (Exim 4.32)
	id 1BPkQO-0001KZ-ID
	for avt@ietf.org; Mon, 17 May 2004 11:53:08 -0400
Received: from exim by ietf-mx with spam-scanned (Exim 4.12)
	id 1BPkPQ-00010e-00
	for avt@ietf.org; Mon, 17 May 2004 11:52:08 -0400
Received: from sj-iport-3-in.cisco.com ([171.71.176.72] helo=sj-iport-3.cisco.com)
	by ietf-mx with esmtp (Exim 4.12)
	id 1BPkOa-0000Mm-00
	for avt@ietf.org; Mon, 17 May 2004 11:51:16 -0400
Received: from sj-core-2.cisco.com (171.71.177.254)
  by sj-iport-3.cisco.com with ESMTP; 17 May 2004 07:57:45 +0000
Received: from mbaugher-w2k07.cisco.com (sjc-vpn4-865.cisco.com [10.21.83.96])
	by sj-core-2.cisco.com (8.12.10/8.12.6) with ESMTP id i4HFocSv015705;
	Mon, 17 May 2004 08:50:39 -0700 (PDT)
Message-Id: <6.0.0.22.2.20040517084224.0434dd68@mira-sjc5-6.cisco.com>
X-Sender: mbaugher@mira-sjc5-6.cisco.com
X-Mailer: QUALCOMM Windows Eudora Version 6.0.0.22
Date: Mon, 17 May 2004 08:51:06 -0700
To: "Ofer Goren" <oferg@radvision.com>
From: Mark Baugher <mbaugher@cisco.com>
Subject: Re: [AVT] RFC3711, MKI and <From, To>
Cc: <avt@ietf.org>
In-Reply-To: <D44BDA2CDAC4664B8DFE8ECF523CFEE32CCEF4@rvil-mail.radvision
 .com>
References: <D44BDA2CDAC4664B8DFE8ECF523CFEE32CCEF4@rvil-mail.radvision.com>
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"; format=flowed
X-Spam-Checker-Version: SpamAssassin 2.60 (1.212-2003-09-23-exp) on 
	ietf-mx.ietf.org
X-Spam-Status: No, hits=0.7 required=5.0 tests=AWL autolearn=no version=2.60
Sender: avt-admin@ietf.org
Errors-To: avt-admin@ietf.org
X-BeenThere: avt@ietf.org
X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.12
Precedence: bulk
List-Unsubscribe: <https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt>,
	<mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=unsubscribe>
List-Id: Audio/Video Transport Working Group <avt.ietf.org>
List-Post: <mailto:avt@ietf.org>
List-Help: <mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=help>
List-Subscribe: <https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt>,
	<mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=subscribe>

hi Ofer,
   RFC 3711 places few restrictions on key management.  It is up to the key 
establishment method (e.g. MIKEY or SDP Security Descriptions) to constrain 
how keys are defined, installed, maintained and updated.  I think it is 
possible to do complex and probably therefor insecure things like you 
mention in your note.  This is a key management problem, and interoperable 
SRTP implementations will need to have interoperable key management systems.

Mark
At 07:16 AM 5/17/2004, Ofer Goren wrote:
>Hi.
>
>Since I'm new to security issues I have the following question:
>
>If the SRTP and SRTCP for the same session DO NOT share the same master 
>key (well, even if they DO share it), can each of those protocols use 
>different method for master-key retrieval? e.g. the SRTP uses the MKI 
>method, and the SRTCP uses the <From, To> method. And if so, is there any 
>reason to do so, or can I safely assume this will not happen?
>
>Thanks,
>
>Ofer
>___________________________________________________
>"What kind of a name is Azam Azam?" - Butrus Butrus Ghali.
>



_______________________________________________
Audio/Video Transport Working Group
avt@ietf.org
https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt



From exim@www1.ietf.org  Mon May 17 15:32:57 2004
Received: from optimus.ietf.org (optimus.ietf.org [132.151.1.19])
	by ietf.org (8.9.1a/8.9.1a) with ESMTP id PAA18347
	for <avt-archive@odin.ietf.org>; Mon, 17 May 2004 15:32:57 -0400 (EDT)
Received: from localhost.localdomain ([127.0.0.1] helo=www1.ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BPna9-0005KK-K0
	for avt-archive@odin.ietf.org; Mon, 17 May 2004 15:15:25 -0400
Received: (from exim@localhost)
	by www1.ietf.org (8.12.8/8.12.8/Submit) id i4HJFPnZ020472
	for avt-archive@odin.ietf.org; Mon, 17 May 2004 15:15:25 -0400
Received: from localhost.localdomain ([127.0.0.1] helo=www1.ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BPnFS-0005f2-A2; Mon, 17 May 2004 14:54:02 -0400
Received: from odin.ietf.org ([132.151.1.176] helo=ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BPnAu-0004a7-LY
	for avt@optimus.ietf.org; Mon, 17 May 2004 14:49:20 -0400
Received: from ietf-mx (ietf-mx.ietf.org [132.151.6.1])
	by ietf.org (8.9.1a/8.9.1a) with ESMTP id OAA14112
	for <avt@ietf.org>; Mon, 17 May 2004 14:49:17 -0400 (EDT)
Received: from ietf-mx.ietf.org ([132.151.6.1] helo=ietf-mx)
	by ietf-mx with esmtp (Exim 4.32)
	id 1BPnAr-0001zY-Oj
	for avt@ietf.org; Mon, 17 May 2004 14:49:17 -0400
Received: from exim by ietf-mx with spam-scanned (Exim 4.12)
	id 1BPnA6-0001bx-00
	for avt@ietf.org; Mon, 17 May 2004 14:48:30 -0400
Received: from glatton.cnchost.com ([207.155.248.47])
	by ietf-mx with esmtp (Exim 4.12)
	id 1BPn9A-0001E0-00
	for avt@ietf.org; Mon, 17 May 2004 14:47:32 -0400
Received: from MedhaviLT (61.79.219.209.transedge.com [209.219.79.61])
	by glatton.cnchost.com
	id OAA18323; Mon, 17 May 2004 14:47:31 -0400 (EDT)
	[ConcentricHost SMTP Relay 1.17]
Message-ID: <200405171847.OAA18323@glatton.cnchost.com>
Reply-To: <mbhatia@nextone.com>
From: "Medhavi Bhatia" <mbhatia@nextone.com>
To: <avt@ietf.org>
Date: Mon, 17 May 2004 14:47:44 -0400
Organization: NexTone Communications
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: multipart/alternative;
	boundary="----=_NextPart_000_0130_01C43C1D.EA52A760"
X-Mailer: Microsoft Office Outlook, Build 11.0.5510
X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1409
Thread-Index: AcQ8Nj0pLcAPxiPwQraeM8o1XDAvWAACSbFQ
X-Spam-Checker-Version: SpamAssassin 2.60 (1.212-2003-09-23-exp) on 
	ietf-mx.ietf.org
X-Spam-Status: No, hits=0.5 required=5.0 tests=AWL,HTML_MESSAGE,
	MISSING_OUTLOOK_NAME autolearn=no version=2.60
Subject: [AVT] RE: statis of draft-even-avt-h263-h261-options-00.txt
Sender: avt-admin@ietf.org
Errors-To: avt-admin@ietf.org
X-BeenThere: avt@ietf.org
X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.12
Precedence: bulk
List-Unsubscribe: <https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt>,
	<mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=unsubscribe>
List-Id: Audio/Video Transport Working Group <avt.ietf.org>
List-Post: <mailto:avt@ietf.org>
List-Help: <mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=help>
List-Subscribe: <https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt>,
	<mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=subscribe>

This is a multi-part message in MIME format.

------=_NextPart_000_0130_01C43C1D.EA52A760
Content-Type: text/plain;
	charset="us-ascii"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit

Do we know what is the status of the following draft:

 

draft-even-avt-h263-h261-options-00.txt

 

-Medhavi


------=_NextPart_000_0130_01C43C1D.EA52A760
Content-Type: text/html;
	charset="us-ascii"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable

<html xmlns:o=3D"urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" =
xmlns:w=3D"urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:word" =
xmlns=3D"http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40">

<head>
<meta http-equiv=3DContent-Type content=3D"text/html; =
charset=3Dus-ascii">
<meta name=3DGenerator content=3D"Microsoft Word 11 (filtered medium)">
<style>
<!--
 /* Style Definitions */
 p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal
	{margin:0in;
	margin-bottom:.0001pt;
	font-size:12.0pt;
	font-family:"Times New Roman";}
a:link, span.MsoHyperlink
	{color:blue;
	text-decoration:underline;}
a:visited, span.MsoHyperlinkFollowed
	{color:purple;
	text-decoration:underline;}
span.EmailStyle18
	{mso-style-type:personal;
	font-family:"Times New Roman";
	color:windowtext;
	font-weight:normal;
	font-style:normal;
	text-decoration:none none;}
span.EmailStyle19
	{mso-style-type:personal-reply;
	font-family:"Times New Roman";
	color:blue;
	font-weight:normal;
	font-style:normal;
	text-decoration:none none;}
@page Section1
	{size:8.5in 11.0in;
	margin:1.0in 1.25in 1.0in 1.25in;}
div.Section1
	{page:Section1;}
-->
</style>

</head>

<body lang=3DEN-US link=3Dblue vlink=3Dpurple>

<div class=3DSection1>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D3 face=3D"Times New Roman"><span =
style=3D'font-size:
12.0pt'>Do we know what is the status of the following =
draft:<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D3 face=3D"Times New Roman"><span =
style=3D'font-size:
12.0pt'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D3 face=3D"Times New Roman"><span =
style=3D'font-size:
12.0pt'>draft-even-avt-h263-h261-options-00.txt<o:p></o:p></span></font><=
/p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D3 face=3D"Times New Roman"><span =
style=3D'font-size:
12.0pt'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D3 face=3D"Times New Roman"><span =
style=3D'font-size:
12.0pt'>-Medhavi<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

</div>

</body>

</html>

------=_NextPart_000_0130_01C43C1D.EA52A760--


_______________________________________________
Audio/Video Transport Working Group
avt@ietf.org
https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt



From exim@www1.ietf.org  Mon May 17 17:15:44 2004
Received: from optimus.ietf.org (iesg.org [132.151.1.19])
	by ietf.org (8.9.1a/8.9.1a) with ESMTP id RAA29050
	for <avt-archive@odin.ietf.org>; Mon, 17 May 2004 17:15:44 -0400 (EDT)
Received: from localhost.localdomain ([127.0.0.1] helo=www1.ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BPoU0-0008M9-Kk
	for avt-archive@odin.ietf.org; Mon, 17 May 2004 16:13:08 -0400
Received: (from exim@localhost)
	by www1.ietf.org (8.12.8/8.12.8/Submit) id i4HKD8YB032122
	for avt-archive@odin.ietf.org; Mon, 17 May 2004 16:13:08 -0400
Received: from localhost.localdomain ([127.0.0.1] helo=www1.ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BPo7o-0008GQ-6S; Mon, 17 May 2004 15:50:12 -0400
Received: from odin.ietf.org ([132.151.1.176] helo=ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BPnsh-00036q-QD
	for avt@optimus.ietf.org; Mon, 17 May 2004 15:34:35 -0400
Received: from CNRI.Reston.VA.US (localhost [127.0.0.1])
	by ietf.org (8.9.1a/8.9.1a) with ESMTP id PAA18546;
	Mon, 17 May 2004 15:34:33 -0400 (EDT)
Message-Id: <200405171934.PAA18546@ietf.org>
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: Multipart/Mixed; Boundary="NextPart"
To: i-d-announce@ietf.org
Cc: avt@ietf.org
From: Internet-Drafts@ietf.org
Date: Mon, 17 May 2004 15:34:33 -0400
Subject: [AVT] I-D ACTION:draft-ietf-avt-rtp-h264-06.txt
Sender: avt-admin@ietf.org
Errors-To: avt-admin@ietf.org
X-BeenThere: avt@ietf.org
X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.12
Precedence: bulk
List-Unsubscribe: <https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt>,
	<mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=unsubscribe>
List-Id: Audio/Video Transport Working Group <avt.ietf.org>
List-Post: <mailto:avt@ietf.org>
List-Help: <mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=help>
List-Subscribe: <https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt>,
	<mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=subscribe>

--NextPart

A New Internet-Draft is available from the on-line Internet-Drafts directories.
This draft is a work item of the Audio/Video Transport Working Group of the IETF.

	Title		: RTP payload Format for H.264 Video
	Author(s)	: S. Wenger
	Filename	: draft-ietf-avt-rtp-h264-06.txt
	Pages		: 72
	Date		: 2004-5-17
	
This memo describes an RTP Payload format for the ITU-T
    Recommendation H.264 video codec and the technically identical
    ISO/IEC International Standard 14496-10 video codec.  The RTP
    payload format allows for packetization of one or more Network
    Abstraction Layer Units (NALUs), produced by an H.264 video encoder,
    in each RTP payload.  The payload format has wide applicability
    supporting from simple low-bit rate conversational usage to Internet
    video streaming with interleaved transmission, all the way to high
    bit-rate video-on- demand applications.

A URL for this Internet-Draft is:
http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-avt-rtp-h264-06.txt

To remove yourself from the I-D Announcement list, send a message to 
i-d-announce-request@ietf.org with the word unsubscribe in the body of the message.  
You can also visit https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/I-D-announce 
to change your subscription settings.


Internet-Drafts are also available by anonymous FTP. Login with the username
"anonymous" and a password of your e-mail address. After logging in,
type "cd internet-drafts" and then
	"get draft-ietf-avt-rtp-h264-06.txt".

A list of Internet-Drafts directories can be found in
http://www.ietf.org/shadow.html 
or ftp://ftp.ietf.org/ietf/1shadow-sites.txt


Internet-Drafts can also be obtained by e-mail.

Send a message to:
	mailserv@ietf.org.
In the body type:
	"FILE /internet-drafts/draft-ietf-avt-rtp-h264-06.txt".
	
NOTE:	The mail server at ietf.org can return the document in
	MIME-encoded form by using the "mpack" utility.  To use this
	feature, insert the command "ENCODING mime" before the "FILE"
	command.  To decode the response(s), you will need "munpack" or
	a MIME-compliant mail reader.  Different MIME-compliant mail readers
	exhibit different behavior, especially when dealing with
	"multipart" MIME messages (i.e. documents which have been split
	up into multiple messages), so check your local documentation on
	how to manipulate these messages.
		
		
Below is the data which will enable a MIME compliant mail reader
implementation to automatically retrieve the ASCII version of the
Internet-Draft.

--NextPart
Content-Type: Multipart/Alternative; Boundary="OtherAccess"

--OtherAccess
Content-Type: Message/External-body;
	access-type="mail-server";
	server="mailserv@ietf.org"

Content-Type: text/plain
Content-ID:	<2004-5-17155643.I-D@ietf.org>

ENCODING mime
FILE /internet-drafts/draft-ietf-avt-rtp-h264-06.txt

--OtherAccess
Content-Type: Message/External-body;
	name="draft-ietf-avt-rtp-h264-06.txt";
	site="ftp.ietf.org";
	access-type="anon-ftp";
	directory="internet-drafts"

Content-Type: text/plain
Content-ID:	<2004-5-17155643.I-D@ietf.org>

--OtherAccess--

--NextPart--



_______________________________________________
Audio/Video Transport Working Group
avt@ietf.org
https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt



From exim@www1.ietf.org  Mon May 17 17:15:52 2004
Received: from optimus.ietf.org (iesg.org [132.151.1.19])
	by ietf.org (8.9.1a/8.9.1a) with ESMTP id RAA29092
	for <avt-archive@odin.ietf.org>; Mon, 17 May 2004 17:15:52 -0400 (EDT)
Received: from localhost.localdomain ([127.0.0.1] helo=www1.ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BPoUR-0008Uu-5O
	for avt-archive@odin.ietf.org; Mon, 17 May 2004 16:13:35 -0400
Received: (from exim@localhost)
	by www1.ietf.org (8.12.8/8.12.8/Submit) id i4HKDZXq032660
	for avt-archive@odin.ietf.org; Mon, 17 May 2004 16:13:35 -0400
Received: from localhost.localdomain ([127.0.0.1] helo=www1.ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BPo7o-0008Gr-W6; Mon, 17 May 2004 15:50:12 -0400
Received: from odin.ietf.org ([132.151.1.176] helo=ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BPntQ-0003Gf-0E
	for avt@optimus.ietf.org; Mon, 17 May 2004 15:35:20 -0400
Received: from ietf-mx (ietf-mx.ietf.org [132.151.6.1])
	by ietf.org (8.9.1a/8.9.1a) with ESMTP id PAA18581
	for <avt@ietf.org>; Mon, 17 May 2004 15:35:18 -0400 (EDT)
Received: from ietf-mx.ietf.org ([132.151.6.1] helo=ietf-mx)
	by ietf-mx with esmtp (Exim 4.32)
	id 1BPntO-00038p-KR
	for avt@ietf.org; Mon, 17 May 2004 15:35:18 -0400
Received: from exim by ietf-mx with spam-scanned (Exim 4.12)
	id 1BPnsY-0002lw-00
	for avt@ietf.org; Mon, 17 May 2004 15:34:27 -0400
Received: from bzq-179-16-107.cust.bezeqint.net ([212.179.16.107] helo=accord-mail.israel.polycom.com)
	by ietf-mx with esmtp (Exim 4.12)
	id 1BPnrq-00027r-00
	for avt@ietf.org; Mon, 17 May 2004 15:33:43 -0400
Received: by accord-mail.israel.polycom.com with Internet Mail Service (5.5.2653.19)
	id <K9SFWWM3>; Mon, 17 May 2004 22:32:59 +0300
Message-ID: <E173F9D0511CA94581BC3FA62F06848DA9486B@accord-mail.israel.polycom.com>
From: "Even, Roni" <roni.even@polycom.co.il>
To: "'mbhatia@nextone.com'" <mbhatia@nextone.com>, avt@ietf.org
Subject: RE: [AVT] RE: statis of draft-even-avt-h263-h261-options-00.txt
Date: Mon, 17 May 2004 22:32:57 +0300
MIME-Version: 1.0
X-Mailer: Internet Mail Service (5.5.2653.19)
Content-Type: multipart/alternative;
	boundary="----_=_NextPart_001_01C43C45.C1F8BB10"
X-Spam-Checker-Version: SpamAssassin 2.60 (1.212-2003-09-23-exp) on 
	ietf-mx.ietf.org
X-Spam-Status: No, hits=0.1 required=5.0 tests=AWL,HTML_60_70,
	HTML_FONTCOLOR_BLUE,HTML_MESSAGE autolearn=no version=2.60
Sender: avt-admin@ietf.org
Errors-To: avt-admin@ietf.org
X-BeenThere: avt@ietf.org
X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.12
Precedence: bulk
List-Unsubscribe: <https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt>,
	<mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=unsubscribe>
List-Id: Audio/Video Transport Working Group <avt.ietf.org>
List-Post: <mailto:avt@ietf.org>
List-Help: <mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=help>
List-Subscribe: <https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt>,
	<mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=subscribe>

This message is in MIME format. Since your mail reader does not understand
this format, some or all of this message may not be legible.

------_=_NextPart_001_01C43C45.C1F8BB10
Content-Type: text/plain;
	charset="iso-8859-1"

Hi

The work went into revising the H.263 and H.261 payload specs

look in

http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-avt-rfc2429-bis-01.txt

and

http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-avt-rfc2032-bis-00.txt - this
draft will be revised soon, the major change is that the separator should be
semi-colon and not space according to the MIME type RFC

Roni Even

=-----Original Message-----
From: Medhavi Bhatia [mailto:mbhatia@nextone.com]
Sent: Monday, May 17, 2004 9:48 PM
To: avt@ietf.org
Subject: [AVT] RE: statis of draft-even-avt-h263-h261-options-00.txt



Do we know what is the status of the following draft:

 

draft-even-avt-h263-h261-options-00.txt

 

-Medhavi


------_=_NextPart_001_01C43C45.C1F8BB10
Content-Type: text/html;
	charset="iso-8859-1"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable

<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN">
<HTML xmlns=3D"http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40" xmlns:o =3D=20
"urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" xmlns:w =3D=20
"urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:word"><HEAD>
<META HTTP-EQUIV=3D"Content-Type" CONTENT=3D"text/html; =
charset=3Diso-8859-1">


<META content=3D"MSHTML 6.00.2800.1400" name=3DGENERATOR>
<STYLE>@page Section1 {size: 8.5in 11.0in; margin: 1.0in 1.25in 1.0in =
1.25in; }
P.MsoNormal {
	FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"
}
LI.MsoNormal {
	FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"
}
DIV.MsoNormal {
	FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"
}
A:link {
	COLOR: blue; TEXT-DECORATION: underline
}
SPAN.MsoHyperlink {
	COLOR: blue; TEXT-DECORATION: underline
}
A:visited {
	COLOR: purple; TEXT-DECORATION: underline
}
SPAN.MsoHyperlinkFollowed {
	COLOR: purple; TEXT-DECORATION: underline
}
SPAN.EmailStyle18 {
	FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: windowtext; FONT-STYLE: normal; =
FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; TEXT-DECORATION: none; mso-style-type: =
personal
}
SPAN.EmailStyle19 {
	FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: blue; FONT-STYLE: normal; FONT-FAMILY: =
"Times New Roman"; TEXT-DECORATION: none; mso-style-type: =
personal-reply
}
DIV.Section1 {
	page: Section1
}
</STYLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY lang=3DEN-US vLink=3Dpurple link=3Dblue>
<DIV><SPAN class=3D363582919-17052004><FONT face=3DArial =
color=3D#0000ff=20
size=3D2>Hi</FONT></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=3D363582919-17052004>
<DIV>
<P><FONT face=3DArial color=3D#0000ff size=3D2>The work&nbsp;<SPAN=20
class=3D363582919-17052004>went into r</SPAN>evising the H.263 and =
H.261 payload=20
specs</FONT></P>
<P><FONT face=3DArial color=3D#0000ff size=3D2>look in</FONT></P>
<P><FONT face=3DArial color=3D#0000ff=20
size=3D2>http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-avt-rfc2429-bis-=
01.txt</FONT></P>
<P><FONT face=3DArial color=3D#0000ff size=3D2>and</FONT></P>
<P><FONT face=3DArial color=3D#0000ff=20
size=3D2>http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-avt-rfc2032-bis-=
00.txt -=20
this draft will be revised soon, the major change is that the separator =
should=20
be semi-colon and not space according to the MIME type=20
RFC</FONT></P></DIV></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=3D363582919-17052004><FONT face=3DArial =
color=3D#0000ff size=3D2>Roni=20
Even</FONT></SPAN></DIV>
<P dir=3Dltr><FONT face=3DTahoma size=3D2><SPAN=20
class=3D363582919-17052004>=3D</SPAN></FONT><FONT face=3DTahoma =
size=3D2>-----Original=20
Message-----<BR><B>From:</B> Medhavi Bhatia=20
[mailto:mbhatia@nextone.com]<BR><B>Sent:</B> Monday, May 17, 2004 9:48=20
PM<BR><B>To:</B> avt@ietf.org<BR><B>Subject:</B> [AVT] RE: statis of=20
draft-even-avt-h263-h261-options-00.txt<BR><BR></FONT></P>
<BLOCKQUOTE dir=3Dltr style=3D"MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px">
  <DIV class=3DSection1>
  <P class=3DMsoNormal><FONT face=3D"Times New Roman" size=3D3><SPAN=20
  style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 12pt">Do we know what is the status of the =
following=20
  draft:<o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
  <P class=3DMsoNormal><FONT face=3D"Times New Roman" size=3D3><SPAN=20
  style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
  <P class=3DMsoNormal><FONT face=3D"Times New Roman" size=3D3><SPAN=20
  style=3D"FONT-SIZE: =
12pt">draft-even-avt-h263-h261-options-00.txt<o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></=
P>
  <P class=3DMsoNormal><FONT face=3D"Times New Roman" size=3D3><SPAN=20
  style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
  <P class=3DMsoNormal><FONT face=3D"Times New Roman" size=3D3><SPAN=20
  style=3D"FONT-SIZE: =
12pt">-Medhavi<o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P></DIV></BLOCKQUOTE></BODY></H=
TML>

------_=_NextPart_001_01C43C45.C1F8BB10--

_______________________________________________
Audio/Video Transport Working Group
avt@ietf.org
https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt



From exim@www1.ietf.org  Mon May 17 17:16:21 2004
Received: from optimus.ietf.org (iesg.org [132.151.1.19])
	by ietf.org (8.9.1a/8.9.1a) with ESMTP id RAA29211
	for <avt-archive@odin.ietf.org>; Mon, 17 May 2004 17:16:21 -0400 (EDT)
Received: from localhost.localdomain ([127.0.0.1] helo=www1.ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BPoYW-0001Lt-N7
	for avt-archive@odin.ietf.org; Mon, 17 May 2004 16:17:48 -0400
Received: (from exim@localhost)
	by www1.ietf.org (8.12.8/8.12.8/Submit) id i4HKHm3e005192
	for avt-archive@odin.ietf.org; Mon, 17 May 2004 16:17:48 -0400
Received: from localhost.localdomain ([127.0.0.1] helo=www1.ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BPo7t-0008I8-NV; Mon, 17 May 2004 15:50:17 -0400
Received: from odin.ietf.org ([132.151.1.176] helo=ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BPnuE-0003Nt-7y
	for avt@optimus.ietf.org; Mon, 17 May 2004 15:36:10 -0400
Received: from CNRI.Reston.VA.US (localhost [127.0.0.1])
	by ietf.org (8.9.1a/8.9.1a) with ESMTP id PAA18707;
	Mon, 17 May 2004 15:36:08 -0400 (EDT)
Message-Id: <200405171936.PAA18707@ietf.org>
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: Multipart/Mixed; Boundary="NextPart"
To: i-d-announce@ietf.org
Cc: avt@ietf.org
From: Internet-Drafts@ietf.org
Date: Mon, 17 May 2004 15:36:08 -0400
Subject: [AVT] I-D ACTION:draft-ietf-avt-rtp-h264-06.txt
Sender: avt-admin@ietf.org
Errors-To: avt-admin@ietf.org
X-BeenThere: avt@ietf.org
X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.12
Precedence: bulk
List-Unsubscribe: <https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt>,
	<mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=unsubscribe>
List-Id: Audio/Video Transport Working Group <avt.ietf.org>
List-Post: <mailto:avt@ietf.org>
List-Help: <mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=help>
List-Subscribe: <https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt>,
	<mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=subscribe>

--NextPart

A New Internet-Draft is available from the on-line Internet-Drafts directories.
This draft is a work item of the Audio/Video Transport Working Group of the IETF.

	Title		: RTP payload Format for H.264 Video
	Author(s)	: S. Wenger, et al.
	Filename	: draft-ietf-avt-rtp-h264-06.txt
	Pages		: 72
	Date		: 2004-5-17
	
    This memo describes an RTP Payload format for the ITU-T
    Recommendation H.264 video codec and the technically identical
    ISO/IEC International Standard 14496-10 video codec.  The RTP
    payload format allows for packetization of one or more Network
    Abstraction Layer Units (NALUs), produced by an H.264 video encoder,
    in each RTP payload.  The payload format has wide applicability
    supporting from simple low-bit rate conversational usage to Internet
    video streaming with interleaved transmission, all the way to high
    bit-rate video-on- demand applications.

A URL for this Internet-Draft is:
http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-avt-rtp-h264-06.txt

To remove yourself from the I-D Announcement list, send a message to 
i-d-announce-request@ietf.org with the word unsubscribe in the body of the message.  
You can also visit https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/I-D-announce 
to change your subscription settings.


Internet-Drafts are also available by anonymous FTP. Login with the username
"anonymous" and a password of your e-mail address. After logging in,
type "cd internet-drafts" and then
	"get draft-ietf-avt-rtp-h264-06.txt".

A list of Internet-Drafts directories can be found in
http://www.ietf.org/shadow.html 
or ftp://ftp.ietf.org/ietf/1shadow-sites.txt


Internet-Drafts can also be obtained by e-mail.

Send a message to:
	mailserv@ietf.org.
In the body type:
	"FILE /internet-drafts/draft-ietf-avt-rtp-h264-06.txt".
	
NOTE:	The mail server at ietf.org can return the document in
	MIME-encoded form by using the "mpack" utility.  To use this
	feature, insert the command "ENCODING mime" before the "FILE"
	command.  To decode the response(s), you will need "munpack" or
	a MIME-compliant mail reader.  Different MIME-compliant mail readers
	exhibit different behavior, especially when dealing with
	"multipart" MIME messages (i.e. documents which have been split
	up into multiple messages), so check your local documentation on
	how to manipulate these messages.
		
		
Below is the data which will enable a MIME compliant mail reader
implementation to automatically retrieve the ASCII version of the
Internet-Draft.

--NextPart
Content-Type: Multipart/Alternative; Boundary="OtherAccess"

--OtherAccess
Content-Type: Message/External-body;
	access-type="mail-server";
	server="mailserv@ietf.org"

Content-Type: text/plain
Content-ID:	<2004-5-17155643.I-D@ietf.org>

ENCODING mime
FILE /internet-drafts/draft-ietf-avt-rtp-h264-06.txt

--OtherAccess
Content-Type: Message/External-body;
	name="draft-ietf-avt-rtp-h264-06.txt";
	site="ftp.ietf.org";
	access-type="anon-ftp";
	directory="internet-drafts"

Content-Type: text/plain
Content-ID:	<2004-5-17155643.I-D@ietf.org>

--OtherAccess--

--NextPart--



_______________________________________________
Audio/Video Transport Working Group
avt@ietf.org
https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt



From exim@www1.ietf.org  Mon May 17 18:12:27 2004
Received: from optimus.ietf.org (iesg.org [132.151.1.19])
	by ietf.org (8.9.1a/8.9.1a) with ESMTP id SAA07553
	for <avt-archive@odin.ietf.org>; Mon, 17 May 2004 18:12:27 -0400 (EDT)
Received: from localhost.localdomain ([127.0.0.1] helo=www1.ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BPq8r-0000Jl-25
	for avt-archive@odin.ietf.org; Mon, 17 May 2004 17:59:25 -0400
Received: (from exim@localhost)
	by www1.ietf.org (8.12.8/8.12.8/Submit) id i4HLxPvG001174
	for avt-archive@odin.ietf.org; Mon, 17 May 2004 17:59:25 -0400
Received: from localhost.localdomain ([127.0.0.1] helo=www1.ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BPpu8-0002BP-F3; Mon, 17 May 2004 17:44:12 -0400
Received: from odin.ietf.org ([132.151.1.176] helo=ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BPpia-0001k2-8p
	for avt@optimus.ietf.org; Mon, 17 May 2004 17:32:16 -0400
Received: from ietf-mx (ietf-mx.ietf.org [132.151.6.1])
	by ietf.org (8.9.1a/8.9.1a) with ESMTP id RAA01636
	for <avt@ietf.org>; Mon, 17 May 2004 17:32:13 -0400 (EDT)
Received: from ietf-mx.ietf.org ([132.151.6.1] helo=ietf-mx)
	by ietf-mx with esmtp (Exim 4.32)
	id 1BPpiX-00038I-Os
	for avt@ietf.org; Mon, 17 May 2004 17:32:13 -0400
Received: from exim by ietf-mx with spam-scanned (Exim 4.12)
	id 1BPpft-0002At-00
	for avt@ietf.org; Mon, 17 May 2004 17:29:29 -0400
Received: from sj-iport-5.cisco.com ([171.68.10.87])
	by ietf-mx with esmtp (Exim 4.12)
	id 1BPpdK-0001ES-00
	for avt@ietf.org; Mon, 17 May 2004 17:26:50 -0400
Received: from sj-core-3.cisco.com (171.68.223.137)
  by sj-iport-5.cisco.com with ESMTP; 17 May 2004 14:24:41 -0700
Received: from cisco.com (sjc-vpn4-56.cisco.com [10.21.80.56])
	by sj-core-3.cisco.com (8.12.10/8.12.6) with ESMTP id i4HLQI0Q013411
	for <avt@ietf.org>; Mon, 17 May 2004 14:26:18 -0700 (PDT)
Message-ID: <40A92E18.5A8AE6F4@cisco.com>
Date: Mon, 17 May 2004 17:26:48 -0400
From: Flemming Andreasen <fandreas@cisco.com>
X-Mailer: Mozilla 4.79 [en]C-CCK-MCD   (Windows NT 5.0; U)
X-Accept-Language: en
MIME-Version: 1.0
To: "avt@ietf.org" <avt@ietf.org>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
X-Spam-Checker-Version: SpamAssassin 2.60 (1.212-2003-09-23-exp) on 
	ietf-mx.ietf.org
X-Spam-Status: No, hits=0.1 required=5.0 tests=AWL,TO_ADDRESS_EQ_REAL 
	autolearn=no version=2.60
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Subject: [AVT] Question on RTCP statistics processing
Sender: avt-admin@ietf.org
Errors-To: avt-admin@ietf.org
X-BeenThere: avt@ietf.org
X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.12
Precedence: bulk
List-Unsubscribe: <https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt>,
	<mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=unsubscribe>
List-Id: Audio/Video Transport Working Group <avt.ietf.org>
List-Post: <mailto:avt@ietf.org>
List-Help: <mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=help>
List-Subscribe: <https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt>,
	<mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=subscribe>
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit

Greetings

Let's say I have a unicast RTP session in "sendonly" or "inactive" mode
(per SDP), but nevertheless, somebody is sending me RTP packets. Do I
include those packets in my RTCP statistics (packets lost, jitter, etc.)
or do I throw them away before we even get to that point ? In other
words, is RTCP statistics processing affected by higher layer signaling
about the directionality of the RTP session ?

Thanks

        Flemming




_______________________________________________
Audio/Video Transport Working Group
avt@ietf.org
https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt



From exim@www1.ietf.org  Tue May 18 10:04:16 2004
Received: from optimus.ietf.org (www.iesg.org [132.151.1.19])
	by ietf.org (8.9.1a/8.9.1a) with ESMTP id KAA15619
	for <avt-archive@odin.ietf.org>; Tue, 18 May 2004 10:04:13 -0400 (EDT)
Received: from localhost.localdomain ([127.0.0.1] helo=www1.ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BQ53q-00020i-5a
	for avt-archive@odin.ietf.org; Tue, 18 May 2004 09:55:14 -0400
Received: (from exim@localhost)
	by www1.ietf.org (8.12.8/8.12.8/Submit) id i4IDtETt007728
	for avt-archive@odin.ietf.org; Tue, 18 May 2004 09:55:14 -0400
Received: from localhost.localdomain ([127.0.0.1] helo=www1.ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BQ4xy-0008WP-DI; Tue, 18 May 2004 09:49:10 -0400
Received: from odin.ietf.org ([132.151.1.176] helo=ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BQ4qC-00061F-34
	for avt@optimus.ietf.org; Tue, 18 May 2004 09:41:08 -0400
Received: from ietf-mx (ietf-mx.ietf.org [132.151.6.1])
	by ietf.org (8.9.1a/8.9.1a) with ESMTP id JAA14707
	for <avt@ietf.org>; Tue, 18 May 2004 09:41:05 -0400 (EDT)
Received: from ietf-mx.ietf.org ([132.151.6.1] helo=ietf-mx)
	by ietf-mx with esmtp (Exim 4.32)
	id 1BQ4q9-0000sU-T7
	for avt@ietf.org; Tue, 18 May 2004 09:41:06 -0400
Received: from exim by ietf-mx with spam-scanned (Exim 4.12)
	id 1BQ4p8-0000Sg-00
	for avt@ietf.org; Tue, 18 May 2004 09:40:04 -0400
Received: from albatross.ericsson.se ([193.180.251.49])
	by ietf-mx with esmtp (Exim 4.12)
	id 1BQ4o4-0007gv-00
	for avt@ietf.org; Tue, 18 May 2004 09:38:56 -0400
Received: from esealmw143.al.sw.ericsson.se ([153.88.254.118])
	by albatross.ericsson.se (8.12.10/8.12.10/WIREfire-1.8b) with ESMTP id i4IDctWR019206
	for <avt@ietf.org>; Tue, 18 May 2004 15:38:55 +0200 (MEST)
Received: from esealnt612.al.sw.ericsson.se ([153.88.254.118]) by esealmw143.al.sw.ericsson.se with Microsoft SMTPSVC(6.0.3790.0);
	 Tue, 18 May 2004 15:38:55 +0200
Received: from ericsson.com (research-1fd0e1.ki.sw.ericsson.se [147.214.34.60]) by esealnt612.al.sw.ericsson.se with SMTP (Microsoft Exchange Internet Mail Service Version 5.5.2657.72)
	id L1CYGSLK; Tue, 18 May 2004 15:38:55 +0200
Message-ID: <40AA11EF.4020407@ericsson.com>
Date: Tue, 18 May 2004 15:38:55 +0200
X-Sybari-Trust: ef7f4035 08d63d2e 06b283dd 00000138
From: Magnus Westerlund <magnus.westerlund@ericsson.com>
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.0; en-US; rv:1.4) Gecko/20030624 Netscape/7.1 (ax)
X-Accept-Language: sv, en-us, en
MIME-Version: 1.0
To: Jose Rey <rey@panasonic.de>, IETF AVT WG <avt@ietf.org>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1; format=flowed
X-OriginalArrivalTime: 18 May 2004 13:38:55.0832 (UTC) FILETIME=[77307580:01C43CDD]
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
X-MIME-Autoconverted: from 8bit to quoted-printable by albatross.ericsson.se id i4IDctWR019206
X-Spam-Checker-Version: SpamAssassin 2.60 (1.212-2003-09-23-exp) on 
	ietf-mx.ietf.org
X-Spam-Status: No, hits=0.0 required=5.0 tests=AWL autolearn=no version=2.60
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
Subject: [AVT] Comments on draft-ietf-avt-rtp-3gpp-timed-text-01.txt
Sender: avt-admin@ietf.org
Errors-To: avt-admin@ietf.org
X-BeenThere: avt@ietf.org
X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.12
Precedence: bulk
List-Unsubscribe: <https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt>,
	<mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=unsubscribe>
List-Id: Audio/Video Transport Working Group <avt.ietf.org>
List-Post: <mailto:avt@ietf.org>
List-Help: <mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=help>
List-Subscribe: <https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt>,
	<mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=subscribe>
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable

Hi,

Here is my comments on the draft.

1. Why is there a empty line in the header between author company and=20
publication date? Also expires should be on the line after the filename=20
to keep things together.

2. The status of this memo section is not correct. Section 10 of RFC=20
2026 has been replaced. With the publication RFC 3667 and 3668 it should=20
as I understand it now read:

Status of this Memo

     By submitting this Internet-Draft, I (we) certify that any
     applicable patent or other IPR claims of which I am (we are) aware
     have been disclosed, and any of which I (we) become aware will be
     disclosed, in accordance with RFC 3668 (BCP 79).

     By submitting this Internet-Draft, I (we) accept the provisions of
     Section 3 of RFC 3667 (BCP 78).

     Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
     Task Force (IETF), its areas, and its working groups.  Note that
     other groups may also distribute working documents as Internet-
     Drafts.

     Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six
     months and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents
     at any time.  It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as
     reference material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."

     The list of current Internet-Drafts can be accessed at
     http://www.ietf.org/1id-abstracts.txt

     The list of Internet-Draft Shadow Directories can be accessed at
     http://www.ietf.org/shadow.html

------ end of quote -------
Please notice that certain things in the declaration depends on document=20
type and what the author is willing to give away. For a WG document=20
going for standards track this will be most common appearance. These=20
details will become more clear when IETF has published new Internet=20
draft guidelines on the homepage.

One can also add the following paragraph to clarify things further as it=20
is a wg document:

    This document is a submission of the IETF AVT WG.  Comments should
    be directed to the AVT WG mailing list, avt@ietf.org.

3. The copyright notice on the first page. I am not certain it is=20
compatible with the one on the last page. Please remove.

4. Change log: Can you please restrain the change log to only be=20
difference since the previous version? It becomes quite long otherwise,=20
and I don't find it that useful.

5. Section 1. "Unit or Access Unit" Shouldn't the last sentence include=20
a "so building what is called a (access) unit."?

6. Section 3. Marker bit: I think it should be a normative word in=20
there, like  "the marker bit SHALL be set to 1 if the RTP packet=20
includes one or more whole text samples or the last fragment of a text=20
sample; otherwise set to 0."

7. Section 3. "
    Timestamp: the timestamp MUST indicate the sampling instant of the
    earliest (or unique) text sample contained in the RTP packet."
What is a "unique" text sample? Or are you simply meaning the "only"=20
text sample.

8. Section 3. Timestamp: I think there a some improvement one can make=20
to the timestamp derivation text when multiple samples or fragments are=20
present.
- First I think the normative definition of the order of the samples or=20
fragments should be done in another chapter.
- Then the normative definition of how to calculate the TS for a=20
subsequent sample does not seem to properly take into account that other=20
text samples may not carry duration.


9. Section 3:
   "If the timed text is streamed from a 3GP file, the timestamp
    clockrate MUST be copied directly from the value of "timescale" in
    the Media Header Box for that text track."
Why is this a MUST? I understand that one must maintain the correct=20
synchronization, however if a sender determines to rewrite everything=20
upon transmission, is it something that will not work.

10. Section 3.1.2:

   "In order to transport these larger text samples using RTP, it could
    be argued that a careful encoding be used to transform the original
    large sample into smaller self-contained text samples that fit into
    the given transport MTU.  This would comply with the ALF principle,
    as described in the guidelines for RTP payload formats, RFC 2736
    [14].  It would also need additional pre-processing previous to RTP
    encapsulation and that senders understand the modifiers format.
    However, given the low probability of fragmentation, it is believed
    that the overhead of this pre-processing is not worth and it is more
    appropriate to encode text samples without taking the path MTU into
    account.  In this manner, this payload format meets a trade-off by
    intentionally leaving out this pre-processing and making the
    fragmented samples less robust to packet losses."

I would recommend that one does in fact tries to ensure that one has=20
samples that fits the network, but that to ensure functionality also in=20
these cases when this is difficult, or not possible due to other=20
constraints the fragmentation mechanism is present. However one SHOULD=20
take the MTU into account.

11. Section 3.1.2: "The most important consequence of this design choice=20
is that while text string fragments can be displayed in the absence of a=20
previous text fragment, modifiers for that text string are useless if=20
they are not completely received."
I think it is a bit unclear what "they" are intended to be, the=20
modifiers or the text string.

12. Section 3.1.2: Second bullet: I think one can extend the conclusion=20
why this is good to become the following:
"This reduces complexity by minimizing the number of fragments and thus=20
also improve the error robustness."

13. Section 3.1.2, third bullet:
     "in order to fill up the remaining bits of a packet, piggybacking
      of sample descriptions MAY be performed.  Also fragments of past
      samples MAY be piggybacked.  For this purpose the server MAY
      reserve a certain amount of buffer to store already sent units for
      piggybacking."

What is meant by "In order to fill up the remaining bits ...". I guess=20
you mean "If space in the packet up to the MTU, and there is available=20
bit-rate, then sample description MAY be piggybacked. Also is really=20
piggybacked the right word? Does not a sample description need to have a=20
  specific place in the packet, and thus can't be added at the end?

14. Section 3.1.4:
"        o Although units containing modifier boxes or fragments thereof
            do not include a duration field, they make use of the RTP
            timestamp to group together.  Therefore, they SHOULD be
            transmitted in the same order as they appear in the sample
            and be placed as near as possible to the text to which they
            apply.  Logically, this does not apply for retransmitted or
            redundant packets or for units that are piggybacked into
            other packets."

Is this really correct that the modifier boxes does not need duration?=20
As I understand it any modifier box is connected to the text sample by=20
having the same timestamp. Thus it would require a modifier box to have=20
a duration field if they should be possible to aggregate separately in=20
regards to the text strings.

15. Section 3.1.4: The concept of unknown duration is a bit loosely=20
defined. I haven't checked 26.245, but is it really defined there? I=20
understand the desire have functionality to define a sample as being=20
active until replaced. However if this is not defined in the 3GPP spec,=20
I think we must be cautious of defining such a mechanisms. If it is=20
defined, does it use a special explicit indicator that this is the case?=20
Otherwise I think it should use such a SDUR field indicator.

16. Section 3.1.5: I think the buffer concept is somewhat garbled in=20
this paragraph. To me it seems to talk about about both sender side=20
buffers and receiver buffers, without making any real differentiation.

17. Section 3.2: I think this section before going into clear definition=20
of all types, should give a clear definition of how different blocks can=20
be aggregated, and how one derive the necessary information. How the=20
packets must be built to be able to recover which type 1 that a type 3=20
belongs to. I think there are some oversight here of not providing SDUR=20
also for type 3 and 4. I think the timestamp derivation for all packets=20
types must be made much more clear.

18. Section 3.2.1: Definition of "R" bits. Please also include that they=20
SHALL be ignored by the receiver. Otherwise they will not be possible to=20
use without external signalling.

19. Section 3.2.1: Type list: I think the types are in all case a single=20
fragment, not multiple ones that the plural form indicates.

20. Section 3.2.1:
        "Two TYPEs (1 & 2) are defined for units containing text strings
         another two (3 & 4) for units not containing text strings (thus
         no timing attributes) and a final TYPE 5 for sample descriptions
         (also lacking timing attributes)."
This sentences missing a "," after "text strings".

21. Section 3.2.2: I thing the following sentences has some language=20
problems:
   "In this case, TYPE 1 units MUST not
    have contents.  This means that the LEN field MUST have a value of 6
    (0x0006).  Otherwise, the LEN field MUST be always greater than 6
    (0x0006)."

I think it should read more like:
"In this case, the TYPE 1 unit MUST not have contents, and the LEN field=20
SHALL have a value of 6. Otherwise the LEN field SHALL always be greater=20
than 6."

22. Section 3.2.4:
"Note that the SLEN, SIDX and SDUR fields are not present.  This is
    because: a) these fragments do not contain text strings and b) these
    types of fragments are applied over text string fragments, which
    already contain this information. "

I think here would, unless better clarified elsewhere a place to=20
actually define how this type 3 is bound to its TYPE 1 or TYPE 2s.

23. Section 3.2.4:
"   o The TOTAL/THIS field indicates whether the unit contains a part of
      or the whole of the modifiers: if TOTAL=3DTHIS, then all modifiers
      are included here.  In this case, TOTAL=3DTHIS MUST be greater than
      one, because there cannot be a sample of modifiers without text
      strings.  Otherwise, this unit just contains the first fragment."

Why must the value of total and this be larger than 1 although all=20
modifiers are contained in one sample?

24. Section 3.2.6: I think it is appropriate that the TYPE 5 header is=20
mandatory to implement, otherwise we will have problems with=20
interoperability. And the text claims that the implementation of this=20
format is rather minor, if true, then there is no reason for having it=20
optional.

25. Section 4.
"... the simplest option for packet loss resilient transport is to
    send the same RTP packet or the same text samples (or fragments)
    again."

This sentence contains a error: "the same RTP packet" SHALL NOT be=20
repeated. Repeating a packet implies to send two packets with the same=20
RTP sequence number. Thus preventing RTP's reporting mechanism to=20
discern the two different packets. So please remove this part, it is=20
fully sufficient to repeat the payloads.

26. Section 4.
"  o in repeated packets, all RTP header fields MUST keep their
      original values except the sequence number that MUST be increased
      to comply with RTP. "
I think this should talk about repeating RTP payload, and thus requiring=20
all payload specified fields (TS, M, PT) to be the same. I don't see a=20
reason to demand that any other field are actually the same. If one over=20
specifies things, any future usage of an RTP profile will be extremely=20
problematic.

27. Section 4.
"If single units are repeated in packets different from their
    originals, care SHALL be taken to preserve their original timing."
What is here meant with original timing?

28. Section 4:
" A possible solution MAY be that the encoder provides a static default=20
sample description to be used for these cases."
I think one should clarify that this would need to be a application=20
specific definition.

29. Section 5. I would recommend that either use stricter need for=20
congestion control. Otherwise it might be wise to simply use the=20
following sentence:

     Congestion control for RTP SHALL be used in accordance with RFC 3550
     [?], and any applicable RTP profile, e.g. RFC 3551 [?].

30. section 6.2: I think that one shall have a SMIL reference at the=20
first use of the name.

31. Section 7.1: Please fix the indentation so it is easier to read:

parameter: asl=F6dsa=F6s=F6dlkskaa=F6lsldsa=F6=F6l
            ads=F6sa=F6dsdsadsla=F6sa=F6ldsa

32. Section 7.1: The definition of how the value should be written is=20
unclear. First one thinks that z should be multiplied with the sum of=20
x*256+y, while it appears that the number should be concatenated. Please=20
clarify.

33. Section 7.1: Spldesc: It is two possibilities. Also I think possible=20
values "both" and "out" should be used mutually exclusive.

34. Section 7.1, tx3g: Please add a reference to the BASE64 RFC. It is=20
number 3548.

35. Section 7.1 tx3g: I think this is a optional parameter, as it is=20
allowed to be empty. Define the lack of it as equal to empty string.

36. Section 7.1, layer, tx, ty, heigth, width: What is the allowed value=20
range here. If it is a 32-bit integer please be explicit about it.

37. Section 7.1: I think that you need to be a bit more clear about how=20
the values are defined. Instead of some half formal definition of the=20
value, either write it clearly in word, or use formal syntax notation. I=20
think writing it in words are often sufficient.

38. Section 8.1: I think we have two bullets that are equivalent to two=20
others. The third and fourth, seem to be possible to replace with only=20
the fifth.

39. Section 8.2: I think there are a few problems with the offer answer=20
section. The first major one is the sample descriptions. How is they=20
handled in a bi-directional session? Are they defined per direction, and=20
how does then unicast differentiate multicast. Or are they shared=20
between all participants. But are then the answerer allowed to add his=20
to the list the offerer provide. These are hard problems but they need=20
to be spelled out.

40. Section 8.2: How is the version handled in an interoperable way? Is=20
a answerer allowed to downgrade the version he accepts to receive? Thus=20
enabling the offerer to tell that he is ready to receive and send=20
version X, while the answerer declares what it accepts to receive, and=20
thus most probably also send.

41. Section 8.2: The section uses server, while an offer/answer session=20
rarely has these designations of the participants.

42. Section 8.2: Bullet 2 contains a forbidden character, which is not=20
within the lower 7 bit range of ascii.

43. Section 8.2: Last paragraph: Offer/Answer defines its reject=20
procedure based on the external signalling protocol (SIP). So avoid=20
using reject, by setting a certain value. It can signal or indicate, but=20
reject is really something that affects the whole session. Also I think=20
that one can avoid having spldesc to result in rejected setup in most=20
cases.

44. Section 10.
"These types of attack may easily be avoided by using authentication."
I think the right thing to avoid these attacks are "integrity protection=20
and source authentication". You need the integrity protection to ensure=20
that nobody can change the content en-route, and source authentication=20
to ensure that the sender really is which he claims to be. In many cases=20
implicit source authentication is sufficient.

45. Section 11.2: Reference 10, is now available as RFC 3711.


Cheers

Magnus Westerlund

Multimedia Technologies, Ericsson Research EAB/TVA/A
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Ericsson AB                | Phone +46 8 4048287
Torshamsgatan 23           | Fax   +46 8 7575550
S-164 80 Stockholm, Sweden | mailto: magnus.westerlund@ericsson.com



_______________________________________________
Audio/Video Transport Working Group
avt@ietf.org
https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt



From exim@www1.ietf.org  Tue May 18 10:49:43 2004
Received: from optimus.ietf.org (www.iesg.org [132.151.1.19])
	by ietf.org (8.9.1a/8.9.1a) with ESMTP id KAA20378
	for <avt-archive@odin.ietf.org>; Tue, 18 May 2004 10:49:43 -0400 (EDT)
Received: from localhost.localdomain ([127.0.0.1] helo=www1.ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BQ5mo-0005Kr-Cf
	for avt-archive@odin.ietf.org; Tue, 18 May 2004 10:41:42 -0400
Received: (from exim@localhost)
	by www1.ietf.org (8.12.8/8.12.8/Submit) id i4IEfgbJ020504
	for avt-archive@odin.ietf.org; Tue, 18 May 2004 10:41:42 -0400
Received: from localhost.localdomain ([127.0.0.1] helo=www1.ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BQ5Zb-0000aI-3d; Tue, 18 May 2004 10:28:03 -0400
Received: from odin.ietf.org ([132.151.1.176] helo=ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BQ5V0-0007TP-SV
	for avt@optimus.ietf.org; Tue, 18 May 2004 10:23:18 -0400
Received: from ietf-mx (ietf-mx.ietf.org [132.151.6.1])
	by ietf.org (8.9.1a/8.9.1a) with ESMTP id KAA17635
	for <avt@ietf.org>; Tue, 18 May 2004 10:23:15 -0400 (EDT)
Received: from ietf-mx.ietf.org ([132.151.6.1] helo=ietf-mx)
	by ietf-mx with esmtp (Exim 4.32)
	id 1BQ5Uy-0001EC-IJ
	for avt@ietf.org; Tue, 18 May 2004 10:23:16 -0400
Received: from exim by ietf-mx with spam-scanned (Exim 4.12)
	id 1BQ5U2-0000qH-00
	for avt@ietf.org; Tue, 18 May 2004 10:22:18 -0400
Received: from eagle.ericsson.se ([193.180.251.53])
	by ietf-mx with esmtp (Exim 4.12)
	id 1BQ5TR-0000SP-00; Tue, 18 May 2004 10:21:41 -0400
Received: from esealmw142.al.sw.ericsson.se ([153.88.254.119])
	by eagle.ericsson.se (8.12.10/8.12.10/WIREfire-1.8b) with ESMTP id i4IELeAh022890;
	Tue, 18 May 2004 16:21:40 +0200
Received: from esealnt611.al.sw.ericsson.se ([153.88.254.121]) by esealmw142.al.sw.ericsson.se with Microsoft SMTPSVC(6.0.3790.0);
	 Tue, 18 May 2004 16:21:40 +0200
Received: from ericsson.com (research-1fd0e1.ki.sw.ericsson.se [147.214.34.60]) by esealnt611.al.sw.ericsson.se with SMTP (Microsoft Exchange Internet Mail Service Version 5.5.2657.72)
	id LFSY489V; Tue, 18 May 2004 16:22:16 +0200
Message-ID: <40AA1BF4.2000908@ericsson.com>
Date: Tue, 18 May 2004 16:21:40 +0200
X-Sybari-Trust: 5a5e7d8b 08d63d2e 06b283dd 00000138
From: Magnus Westerlund <magnus.westerlund@ericsson.com>
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.0; en-US; rv:1.4) Gecko/20030624 Netscape/7.1 (ax)
X-Accept-Language: sv, en-us, en
MIME-Version: 1.0
To: IETF AVT WG <avt@ietf.org>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii; format=flowed
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
X-OriginalArrivalTime: 18 May 2004 14:21:40.0449 (UTC) FILETIME=[6FD1F510:01C43CE3]
X-Spam-Checker-Version: SpamAssassin 2.60 (1.212-2003-09-23-exp) on 
	ietf-mx.ietf.org
X-Spam-Status: No, hits=0.0 required=5.0 tests=AWL autolearn=no version=2.60
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Subject: [AVT] Soliciting comments on Offer/Answer procedures
Sender: avt-admin@ietf.org
Errors-To: avt-admin@ietf.org
X-BeenThere: avt@ietf.org
X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.12
Precedence: bulk
List-Unsubscribe: <https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt>,
	<mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=unsubscribe>
List-Id: Audio/Video Transport Working Group <avt.ietf.org>
List-Post: <mailto:avt@ietf.org>
List-Help: <mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=help>
List-Subscribe: <https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt>,
	<mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=subscribe>
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit

Hi,

Any reply to this mail should be directed to the AVT mailing list. The 
mail is BCC to MMUSIC, SIP and SIPPING to avoid cross postings.

In the RTP payload format for the H.264/AVC video codec, we authors had 
to write a rather special procedure in the offer/answer. This procedure 
is there to make the distribution of the video codecs parameter sets 
work. However we would like to have further review from people knowing 
SIP and Offer/Answer thoroughly, to ensure that we have not created any 
problems.

Therefore I would be very thankful if you could take a look at:

http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-avt-rtp-h264-06.txt

and review the Offer/Answer consideration section (8.2). I wouldn't 
expect that you will need to read more than some further parts of 
section 8, and possibly some of the introduction in section 1 for 
background information.

Any comments is desired within two weeks, i.e. before 9th of June.


Thanks

Magnus Westerlund


Multimedia Technologies, Ericsson Research EAB/TVA/A
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Ericsson AB                | Phone +46 8 4048287
Torshamsgatan 23           | Fax   +46 8 7575550
S-164 80 Stockholm, Sweden | mailto: magnus.westerlund@ericsson.com



_______________________________________________
Audio/Video Transport Working Group
avt@ietf.org
https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt



From exim@www1.ietf.org  Tue May 18 12:46:25 2004
Received: from optimus.ietf.org (optimus.ietf.org [132.151.1.19])
	by ietf.org (8.9.1a/8.9.1a) with ESMTP id MAA26702
	for <avt-archive@odin.ietf.org>; Tue, 18 May 2004 12:46:25 -0400 (EDT)
Received: from localhost.localdomain ([127.0.0.1] helo=www1.ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BQ7aN-0007MF-QT
	for avt-archive@odin.ietf.org; Tue, 18 May 2004 12:36:59 -0400
Received: (from exim@localhost)
	by www1.ietf.org (8.12.8/8.12.8/Submit) id i4IGax4C028283
	for avt-archive@odin.ietf.org; Tue, 18 May 2004 12:36:59 -0400
Received: from localhost.localdomain ([127.0.0.1] helo=www1.ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BQ7Se-0004Fq-WF; Tue, 18 May 2004 12:29:01 -0400
Received: from odin.ietf.org ([132.151.1.176] helo=ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BQ79J-0006jn-4h
	for avt@optimus.ietf.org; Tue, 18 May 2004 12:09:01 -0400
Received: from ietf-mx (ietf-mx.ietf.org [132.151.6.1])
	by ietf.org (8.9.1a/8.9.1a) with ESMTP id MAA24858
	for <avt@ietf.org>; Tue, 18 May 2004 12:08:58 -0400 (EDT)
From: sassan.ahmadi@nokia.com
Received: from ietf-mx.ietf.org ([132.151.6.1] helo=ietf-mx)
	by ietf-mx with esmtp (Exim 4.32)
	id 1BQ79H-0004AI-RL
	for avt@ietf.org; Tue, 18 May 2004 12:08:59 -0400
Received: from exim by ietf-mx with spam-scanned (Exim 4.12)
	id 1BQ78M-00048A-00
	for avt@ietf.org; Tue, 18 May 2004 12:08:03 -0400
Received: from mgw-x1.nokia.com ([131.228.20.21])
	by ietf-mx with esmtp (Exim 4.12)
	id 1BQ77V-000464-00
	for avt@ietf.org; Tue, 18 May 2004 12:07:23 -0400
Received: from esdks003.ntc.nokia.com (esdks003.ntc.nokia.com [172.21.138.158])
	by mgw-x1.nokia.com (Switch-2.2.8/Switch-2.2.8) with ESMTP id i4IG72B14034;
	Tue, 18 May 2004 19:07:03 +0300 (EET DST)
X-Scanned: Tue, 18 May 2004 19:06:57 +0300 Nokia Message Protector V1.3.30 2004040916 - RELEASE
Received: (from root@localhost)
	by esdks003.ntc.nokia.com (8.12.9/8.12.9) id i4IG6v23020081;
	Tue, 18 May 2004 19:06:57 +0300
Received: from mgw-int2.ntc.nokia.com (172.21.143.97)
	by esdks003.ntc.nokia.com 00W73Knz; Tue, 18 May 2004 19:06:56 EEST
Received: from daebh002.NOE.Nokia.com (daebh002.americas.nokia.com [10.241.35.122])
	by mgw-int2.ntc.nokia.com (Switch-2.2.8/Switch-2.2.8) with ESMTP id i4IG6sH26543;
	Tue, 18 May 2004 19:06:54 +0300 (EET DST)
Received: from sdebe002.NOE.Nokia.com ([172.19.201.138]) by daebh002.NOE.Nokia.com with Microsoft SMTPSVC(5.0.2195.6881);
	 Tue, 18 May 2004 11:06:23 -0500
x-mimeole: Produced By Microsoft Exchange V6.0.6487.1
content-class: urn:content-classes:message
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain;
	charset="ISO-8859-15"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
Subject: RE: [AVT] Re: draft-ahmadi-avt-rtp-vmr-wb-01.txt
Date: Tue, 18 May 2004 09:06:23 -0700
Message-ID: <0B08EA1BF5F6304992CDC985EE02209E023429AF@sdebe002.americas.nokia.com>
Thread-Topic: [AVT] Re: draft-ahmadi-avt-rtp-vmr-wb-01.txt
thread-index: AcQ4SEJLn0bbomU+TDC6bbODYggyFwD3ZBPA
To: <csp@csperkins.org>
Cc: <magnus.westerlund@ericsson.com>, <avt@ietf.org>
X-OriginalArrivalTime: 18 May 2004 16:06:23.0917 (UTC) FILETIME=[110F15D0:01C43CF2]
X-Spam-Checker-Version: SpamAssassin 2.60 (1.212-2003-09-23-exp) on 
	ietf-mx.ietf.org
X-Spam-Status: No, hits=0.8 required=5.0 tests=AWL,NO_REAL_NAME autolearn=no 
	version=2.60
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
Sender: avt-admin@ietf.org
Errors-To: avt-admin@ietf.org
X-BeenThere: avt@ietf.org
X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.12
Precedence: bulk
List-Unsubscribe: <https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt>,
	<mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=unsubscribe>
List-Id: Audio/Video Transport Working Group <avt.ietf.org>
List-Post: <mailto:avt@ietf.org>
List-Help: <mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=help>
List-Subscribe: <https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt>,
	<mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=subscribe>
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable

Colin,

Thanks for your good comment.=20

Based on your recent comment, I revised the VMR-WB Internet Draft and =
included a section on "Offer-Answer Model Considerations" similar to =
that of AMR-WB+ draft (see Section 10.3) and also updated Section 12.

To maintain interoperability with AMR-WB in cases where negotiation is =
possible using the VMR-WB interoperable mode, a VMR-WB enabled terminal =
SHOULD also declare itself capable of AMR-WB with limited  mode set =
(i.e., only AMR-WB codec modes 0, 1, and 2 are allowed) and octet-align =
mode of operation. Example:

             =20
               m=3Daudio 49120 RTP/AVP 98 99
               a=3Drtpmap:98 VMR-WB/16000/1
               a=3Drtpmap:99 AMR-WB/16000/1
               a=3Dfmtp:99 octet-align=3D1; mode-set=3D0,1,2

I hope this new addition would satisfy your concern and eliminate any =
signaling conflicts. I have already posted version -02 of VMR-WB payload =
on IETF server (draft-ahmadi-avt-rtp-vmr-wb-02.txt)

Once again, I would like to kindly ask the IETF/AVT group to adopt this =
version of VMR-WB Internet Draft as a working group work item.

Thanks in advance.

Regards

-Sassan Ahmadi


>=20
> This is certainly greatly improved, however it does not=20
> address my concern=20
> with respect to the signaling of AMR-WB compatible modes. I=20
> would suggest=20
> you study the Offer-Answer Model Considerations for the=20
> AMR-WB+ payload=20
> format (draft-sjoberg-avt-rtp-amrwbplus-01.txt) and follow a=20
> similar model=20
> for interoperability (i.e. require a VMR-WB capable endpoint=20
> to advertise=20
> support for the AMR-WB payload format, in addition to native=20
> VMR-WB, as an=20
> way of avoiding interoperability problems).
>=20
> With that change made, I believe this would be appropriate to=20
> accept as an=20
> AVT work item (provided there are no other objections from the list).
>=20

_______________________________________________
Audio/Video Transport Working Group
avt@ietf.org
https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt



From exim@www1.ietf.org  Tue May 18 17:16:57 2004
Received: from optimus.ietf.org (www.iesg.org [132.151.1.19])
	by ietf.org (8.9.1a/8.9.1a) with ESMTP id RAA19475
	for <avt-archive@odin.ietf.org>; Tue, 18 May 2004 17:16:57 -0400 (EDT)
Received: from localhost.localdomain ([127.0.0.1] helo=www1.ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BQBpX-00019g-T5
	for avt-archive@odin.ietf.org; Tue, 18 May 2004 17:08:56 -0400
Received: (from exim@localhost)
	by www1.ietf.org (8.12.8/8.12.8/Submit) id i4IL8tPI004419
	for avt-archive@odin.ietf.org; Tue, 18 May 2004 17:08:55 -0400
Received: from localhost.localdomain ([127.0.0.1] helo=www1.ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BQBZf-0004bI-JT; Tue, 18 May 2004 16:52:31 -0400
Received: from odin.ietf.org ([132.151.1.176] helo=ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BQBLK-0006OW-00
	for avt@optimus.ietf.org; Tue, 18 May 2004 16:37:42 -0400
Received: from ietf-mx (ietf-mx.ietf.org [132.151.6.1])
	by ietf.org (8.9.1a/8.9.1a) with ESMTP id QAA15402
	for <avt@ietf.org>; Tue, 18 May 2004 16:37:39 -0400 (EDT)
From: shootnet@free.fr
Received: from ietf-mx.ietf.org ([132.151.6.1] helo=ietf-mx)
	by ietf-mx with esmtp (Exim 4.32)
	id 1BQBLI-0000l1-3D
	for avt@ietf.org; Tue, 18 May 2004 16:37:40 -0400
Received: from exim by ietf-mx with spam-scanned (Exim 4.12)
	id 1BQBJS-0000Tu-00
	for avt@ietf.org; Tue, 18 May 2004 16:35:48 -0400
Received: from postfix4-1.free.fr ([213.228.0.62])
	by ietf-mx with esmtp (Exim 4.12)
	id 1BQBHC-00006U-00
	for avt@ietf.org; Tue, 18 May 2004 16:33:26 -0400
Received: from imp3-q.free.fr (imp3-q.free.fr [212.27.42.3])
	by postfix4-1.free.fr (Postfix) with ESMTP id 2BB9911A953
	for <avt@ietf.org>; Tue, 18 May 2004 22:33:25 +0200 (CEST)
Received: by imp3-q.free.fr (Postfix, from userid 33)
	id 223BB1DAFD; Tue, 18 May 2004 22:33:25 +0200 (MEST)
Received: from charlebourg-6-81-56-41-97.fbx.proxad.net (charlebourg-6-81-56-41-97.fbx.proxad.net [81.56.41.97]) 
	by imp3-q.free.fr (IMP) with HTTP 
	for <shootnet@imap.free.fr>; Tue, 18 May 2004 22:33:25 +0200
Message-ID: <1084912405.40aa73151208e@imp3-q.free.fr>
Date: Tue, 18 May 2004 22:33:25 +0200
To: avt@ietf.org
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1
User-Agent: Internet Messaging Program (IMP) 3.2.1
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
X-Spam-Checker-Version: SpamAssassin 2.60 (1.212-2003-09-23-exp) on 
	ietf-mx.ietf.org
X-Spam-Status: No, hits=0.2 required=5.0 tests=AWL,NO_REAL_NAME autolearn=no 
	version=2.60
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
Subject: [AVT] RTP Vorbis
Sender: avt-admin@ietf.org
Errors-To: avt-admin@ietf.org
X-BeenThere: avt@ietf.org
X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.12
Precedence: bulk
List-Unsubscribe: <https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt>,
	<mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=unsubscribe>
List-Id: Audio/Video Transport Working Group <avt.ietf.org>
List-Post: <mailto:avt@ietf.org>
List-Help: <mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=help>
List-Subscribe: <https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt>,
	<mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=subscribe>
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable

Hi,

  i'm actually working on an application that streams vorbis audio data
  using RTP. But, after asking some persons that know the subject, i
  found that there were some problems with headers and codebooks transmis=
sion.
  There are compromises that we can accept like transmitting headers and
  codebooks either directly in the same rtp channel than vorbis, or with
  an TCP reliable transmission in parallel.
  Problems that are, for the moment, too long to resolve for me, because =
i have
  work on my application until the 11th of june.
  That's why, i wanted to know if somebody knows if there was an implemen=
tation
  (possibly simple one) of rtp vorbis that i could use for my work.
  Not the java one. I've already heard of it. I'm looking for a C impleme=
ntation
  ( don't care if RTCP is implemented ). With it, i could just send packe=
ts
  network and test transmission's reliability.

Thx for any response.
Yannick Limballe.
yannick.limballe@etu.upmc.fr


_______________________________________________
Audio/Video Transport Working Group
avt@ietf.org
https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt



From exim@www1.ietf.org  Wed May 19 05:53:52 2004
Received: from optimus.ietf.org (optimus.ietf.org [132.151.1.19])
	by ietf.org (8.9.1a/8.9.1a) with ESMTP id FAA26058
	for <avt-archive@odin.ietf.org>; Wed, 19 May 2004 05:53:51 -0400 (EDT)
Received: from localhost.localdomain ([127.0.0.1] helo=www1.ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BQNfm-0007DY-M5
	for avt-archive@odin.ietf.org; Wed, 19 May 2004 05:47:38 -0400
Received: (from exim@localhost)
	by www1.ietf.org (8.12.8/8.12.8/Submit) id i4J9lc4n027672
	for avt-archive@odin.ietf.org; Wed, 19 May 2004 05:47:38 -0400
Received: from localhost.localdomain ([127.0.0.1] helo=www1.ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BQN9F-00089N-Og; Wed, 19 May 2004 05:14:01 -0400
Received: from odin.ietf.org ([132.151.1.176] helo=ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BQ72r-0004kU-2n
	for avt@optimus.ietf.org; Tue, 18 May 2004 12:02:21 -0400
Received: from ietf-mx (ietf-mx.ietf.org [132.151.6.1])
	by ietf.org (8.9.1a/8.9.1a) with ESMTP id MAA24670
	for <avt@ietf.org>; Tue, 18 May 2004 12:02:18 -0400 (EDT)
Received: from ietf-mx.ietf.org ([132.151.6.1] helo=ietf-mx)
	by ietf-mx with esmtp (Exim 4.32)
	id 1BQ72p-0003qU-O3
	for avt@ietf.org; Tue, 18 May 2004 12:02:19 -0400
Received: from exim by ietf-mx with spam-scanned (Exim 4.12)
	id 1BQ71s-0003mg-00
	for avt@ietf.org; Tue, 18 May 2004 12:01:20 -0400
Received: from postfix4-2.free.fr ([213.228.0.176])
	by ietf-mx with esmtp (Exim 4.12)
	id 1BQ714-0003iq-00
	for avt@ietf.org; Tue, 18 May 2004 12:00:30 -0400
Received: from ShootNet.free.fr (charlebourg-6-81-56-41-97.fbx.proxad.net [81.56.41.97])
	by postfix4-2.free.fr (Postfix) with ESMTP id 7B069106EF9
	for <avt@ietf.org>; Tue, 18 May 2004 18:00:30 +0200 (CEST)
Message-Id: <6.0.0.22.0.20040518180525.0238d7d8@pop.free.fr>
X-Sender: shootnet@pop.free.fr (Unverified)
X-Mailer: QUALCOMM Windows Eudora Version 6.0.0.22
Date: Tue, 18 May 2004 18:07:35 +0200
To: avt@ietf.org
From: ShootNet <shootnet@free.fr>
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"; format=flowed
X-Spam-Checker-Version: SpamAssassin 2.60 (1.212-2003-09-23-exp) on 
	ietf-mx.ietf.org
X-Spam-Status: No, hits=0.0 required=5.0 tests=none autolearn=no version=2.60
Subject: [AVT] rtp vorbis - implementation
Sender: avt-admin@ietf.org
Errors-To: avt-admin@ietf.org
X-BeenThere: avt@ietf.org
X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.12
Precedence: bulk
List-Unsubscribe: <https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt>,
	<mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=unsubscribe>
List-Id: Audio/Video Transport Working Group <avt.ietf.org>
List-Post: <mailto:avt@ietf.org>
List-Help: <mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=help>
List-Subscribe: <https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt>,
	<mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=subscribe>

Hi,
    i'm actually working on an applications that streams vorbis inside rtp 
packets.
    I wanted to know if somebody here, or somewhere, could redirect me or 
give me
    an implementation corresponding to the draft about rtp vorbis made by 
phil kerr.
    If you could help me on this point, it will be nice.

scottie.



_______________________________________________
Audio/Video Transport Working Group
avt@ietf.org
https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt



From exim@www1.ietf.org  Wed May 19 06:17:41 2004
Received: from optimus.ietf.org (optimus.ietf.org [132.151.1.19])
	by ietf.org (8.9.1a/8.9.1a) with ESMTP id GAA28009
	for <avt-archive@odin.ietf.org>; Wed, 19 May 2004 06:17:41 -0400 (EDT)
Received: from localhost.localdomain ([127.0.0.1] helo=www1.ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BQNwy-0003YP-S5
	for avt-archive@odin.ietf.org; Wed, 19 May 2004 06:05:24 -0400
Received: (from exim@localhost)
	by www1.ietf.org (8.12.8/8.12.8/Submit) id i4JA5OIG013661
	for avt-archive@odin.ietf.org; Wed, 19 May 2004 06:05:24 -0400
Received: from localhost.localdomain ([127.0.0.1] helo=www1.ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BQNqq-00024e-9T; Wed, 19 May 2004 05:59:04 -0400
Received: from odin.ietf.org ([132.151.1.176] helo=ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BQNfG-00077d-3R
	for avt@optimus.ietf.org; Wed, 19 May 2004 05:47:06 -0400
Received: from ietf-mx (ietf-mx.ietf.org [132.151.6.1])
	by ietf.org (8.9.1a/8.9.1a) with ESMTP id FAA25528
	for <avt@ietf.org>; Wed, 19 May 2004 05:47:02 -0400 (EDT)
Received: from ietf-mx.ietf.org ([132.151.6.1] helo=ietf-mx)
	by ietf-mx with esmtp (Exim 4.32)
	id 1BQNfC-00062W-1V
	for avt@ietf.org; Wed, 19 May 2004 05:47:02 -0400
Received: from exim by ietf-mx with spam-scanned (Exim 4.12)
	id 1BQNe5-0005oy-00
	for avt@ietf.org; Wed, 19 May 2004 05:45:54 -0400
Received: from dundee.dcs.gla.ac.uk ([130.209.242.163])
	by ietf-mx with esmtp (Exim 4.12)
	id 1BQNd5-0005Ul-00
	for avt@ietf.org; Wed, 19 May 2004 05:44:51 -0400
Received: from csperkins-dsl.demon.co.uk ([80.176.225.173]:63643 helo=[192.168.0.3])
	by dundee.dcs.gla.ac.uk with asmtp (TLSv1:RC4-MD5:128)
	(Exim 4.04)
	id 1BQNcb-0005TQ-00
	for avt@ietf.org; Wed, 19 May 2004 10:44:21 +0100
From: Colin Perkins <csp@csperkins.org>
Organization: http://csperkins.org
Date: Wed, 19 May 2004 10:44:25 +0100
User-Agent: KMail/1.6.2
To: avt@ietf.org
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Disposition: inline
Content-Type: text/plain;
  charset="iso-8859-15"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Message-Id: <200405191044.26004.csp@csperkins.org>
X-Spam-Checker-Version: SpamAssassin 2.60 (1.212-2003-09-23-exp) on 
	ietf-mx.ietf.org
X-Spam-Status: No, hits=0.0 required=5.0 tests=AWL autolearn=no version=2.60
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Subject: [AVT] Fwd: Protocol Action: 'RTP: A Transport Protocol for Real-Time  Applications' to Full Standard
Sender: avt-admin@ietf.org
Errors-To: avt-admin@ietf.org
X-BeenThere: avt@ietf.org
X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.12
Precedence: bulk
List-Unsubscribe: <https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt>,
	<mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=unsubscribe>
List-Id: Audio/Video Transport Working Group <avt.ietf.org>
List-Post: <mailto:avt@ietf.org>
List-Help: <mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=help>
List-Subscribe: <https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt>,
	<mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=subscribe>
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit

I'm pleased to note that the IESG recently approved the RTP specification 
and A/V profile as Full Standard RFCs. There are no changes compared with 
the Draft Standard version, so the RFC numbers will not change. 

Colin


----------  Forwarded Message  ----------

Subject: Protocol Action: 'RTP: A Transport Protocol for Real-Time  
Applications' to Full Standard
Date: Monday 17 May 2004 20:35
From: The IESG <iesg-secretary@ietf.org>
To: IETF-Announce:;
Cc: Internet Architecture Board <iab@iab.org>, RFC Editor 
<rfc-editor@rfc-editor.org>, avt mailing list <avt@ietf.org>, avt chair 
<csp@csperkins.org>, avt chair  <magnus.westerlund@ericsson.com>

The IESG has approved the following documents:

- 'RTP: A Transport Protocol for Real-Time Applications '
  RFC 3550 as a Full Standard
- 'RTP Profile for Audio and Video Conferences with Minimal Control '
  RFC 3551 as a Full Standard

These documents are products of the Audio/Video Transport Working Group.

The IESG contact persons are Allison Mankin and Jon Peterson.

Technical Summary

   RFC 3550 describes RTP, the real-time transport protocol.  RTP
   provides end-to-end network transport functions suitable for
   applications transmitting real-time data, such as audio, video or
   simulation data, over multicast or unicast network services.  RTP
   does not address resource reservation and does not guarantee
   quality-of-service for real-time services.  The data transport is
   augmented by a control protocol (RTCP) to allow monitoring of the
   data delivery in a manner scalable to large multicast networks, and
   to provide minimal control and identification functionality.  RTP and
   RTCP are designed to be independent of the underlying transport
   and network layers.  The protocol supports the use of RTP-level
   translators and mixers.


   RFC 3551 describes the Audio-Video Profile of RTP, "RTP/AVP", providing
   interpretations of generic fields within the RTP specification suitable
 for audio and video conferences with minimal control.  It defines a set
 of default mappings from payload type numbers to encodings, pointers to
 reference implementations and standards, and registrations of mediatypes.

Working Group Summary

 The Working Group whole-heartedly supported RTP's advancement
 to Full Standard as soon as it had spent the minimum period in
 Draft Standard.

Protocol Quality

 RTP is a mature protocol.  There are dozens of full implementations.
 The implementation report for Draft Standard was assessed to be very
 complete.   The determination of RTP going to Full Standard was
 evaluated by Allison Mankin for the IESG.   There were several
 messages for support for this in response to the IETF Last Call, and
 no negative messages.


_______________________________________________
IETF-Announce mailing list
IETF-Announce@ietf.org
https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ietf-announce

-------------------------------------------------------

_______________________________________________
Audio/Video Transport Working Group
avt@ietf.org
https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt



From exim@www1.ietf.org  Wed May 19 06:43:12 2004
Received: from optimus.ietf.org (optimus.ietf.org [132.151.1.19])
	by ietf.org (8.9.1a/8.9.1a) with ESMTP id FAA26059
	for <avt-archive@odin.ietf.org>; Wed, 19 May 2004 05:53:51 -0400 (EDT)
Received: from localhost.localdomain ([127.0.0.1] helo=www1.ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BQNfm-0007Dn-RY
	for avt-archive@odin.ietf.org; Wed, 19 May 2004 05:47:38 -0400
Received: (from exim@localhost)
	by www1.ietf.org (8.12.8/8.12.8/Submit) id i4J9lca5027752
	for avt-archive@odin.ietf.org; Wed, 19 May 2004 05:47:38 -0400
Received: from localhost.localdomain ([127.0.0.1] helo=www1.ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BQN9G-00089Y-Jk; Wed, 19 May 2004 05:14:02 -0400
Received: from odin.ietf.org ([132.151.1.176] helo=ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BQM8z-0008LT-41
	for avt@optimus.ietf.org; Wed, 19 May 2004 04:09:41 -0400
Received: from ietf-mx (ietf-mx.ietf.org [132.151.6.1])
	by ietf.org (8.9.1a/8.9.1a) with ESMTP id EAA20543
	for <avt@ietf.org>; Wed, 19 May 2004 04:09:38 -0400 (EDT)
Received: from ietf-mx.ietf.org ([132.151.6.1] helo=ietf-mx)
	by ietf-mx with esmtp (Exim 4.32)
	id 1BQM8w-0006nh-Gg
	for avt@ietf.org; Wed, 19 May 2004 04:09:38 -0400
Received: from exim by ietf-mx with spam-scanned (Exim 4.12)
	id 1BQM81-0006ft-00
	for avt@ietf.org; Wed, 19 May 2004 04:08:42 -0400
Received: from imr1.ericy.com ([198.24.6.9])
	by ietf-mx with esmtp (Exim 4.12)
	id 1BQM7S-0006XO-00
	for avt@ietf.org; Wed, 19 May 2004 04:08:06 -0400
Received: from eamrcnt750.exu.ericsson.se (eamrcnt750.exu.ericsson.se [138.85.133.51])
	by imr1.ericy.com (8.12.10/8.12.10) with ESMTP id i4J87aLc016935
	for <avt@ietf.org>; Wed, 19 May 2004 03:07:36 -0500 (CDT)
Received: from ericsson.com (rvi2-93-21.sw.ericsson.se [153.88.93.21]) by eamrcnt750.exu.ericsson.se with SMTP (Microsoft Exchange Internet Mail Service Version 5.5.2657.72)
	id LHB7Q2BN; Wed, 19 May 2004 03:07:36 -0500
Message-ID: <40AB15C8.3090100@ericsson.com>
Date: Wed, 19 May 2004 11:07:36 +0300
X-Sybari-Trust: 2bcbbc54 08d63d2e e66bfce3 00000138
From: Gonzalo Camarillo <Gonzalo.Camarillo@ericsson.com>
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.0; en-US; rv:1.4) Gecko/20030624 Netscape/7.1 (ax)
X-Accept-Language: en-us, en
MIME-Version: 1.0
To: Magnus Westerlund <magnus.westerlund@ericsson.com>
CC: IETF AVT WG <avt@ietf.org>
References: <40AA1BF4.2000908@ericsson.com>
In-Reply-To: <40AA1BF4.2000908@ericsson.com>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii; format=flowed
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
X-Spam-Checker-Version: SpamAssassin 2.60 (1.212-2003-09-23-exp) on 
	ietf-mx.ietf.org
X-Spam-Status: No, hits=0.0 required=5.0 tests=AWL autolearn=no version=2.60
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Subject: [AVT] Re: [MMUSIC] Soliciting comments on Offer/Answer procedures
Sender: avt-admin@ietf.org
Errors-To: avt-admin@ietf.org
X-BeenThere: avt@ietf.org
X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.12
Precedence: bulk
List-Unsubscribe: <https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt>,
	<mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=unsubscribe>
List-Id: Audio/Video Transport Working Group <avt.ietf.org>
List-Post: <mailto:avt@ietf.org>
List-Help: <mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=help>
List-Subscribe: <https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt>,
	<mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=subscribe>
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit

Magnus,

I have just had a look at the offer/answer section of the draft. Using 
three extra parameters to identify the media format in addition to the 
rtpmap name is OK.

Regarding the parameters "parameter-sets", "deint-buf-req", 
"interleaving-depth", "max-don-diff", and "init-buf-time", describe what 
the generator of the session description will *send*. Since, as it is 
pointed out by the draft, this behavior is not standard offer/answer, I 
would rename the parameters so that their meaning is clearer. Adding the 
prefix "sending", for instance, would be enough. We would have 
"sending-parameter-sets", "sending-deint-buf-req", etc...

It would be useful to add an introductory paragraph explaining that the 
offer/answer model assumes that when an offerer requests an answerer to 
use a random combination of parameters for a given media stream, the 
answerer will be able to use those parameters. Nevertheless, when we 
deal with H.264 the situation is different, because a sender only 
supports certain combinations of parameters.


I would rephrase the following paragraph as follows:

OLD:
"This differs from
       the normal usage of the offer/answer parameters: normally such
       parameters declare the properties of the stream the
       offerer/answerer is going to receive.  The offerer MUST assume
       that the answerer supports the same configuration and basic
       capabilities that it is offering."

NEW:
"This differs from
       the normal usage of the offer/answer parameters: normally such
       parameters declare the properties of the stream the
       offerer or the answerer is going to receive. When dealing with 
H.264, the offerer assumes that the answerer will be able to receive 
media encoded using the configuration being offered."


Regarding the following paragraph:
"To simplify handling and matching of these configurations, the
       same RTP payload type number used in the offer SHOULD also be used
       in the answer. "

This rule is already mentioned in RFC 3264.

"In the case of RTP, if a particular codec was referenced with a
    specific payload type number in the offer, that same payload type
    number SHOULD be used for that codec in the answer."

You may want to reference RFC 3264 in that paragraph so that is it clear 
that you are not specifying a special rule but that you are referencing 
an already existing general rule.

Cheers,

Gonzalo

Magnus Westerlund wrote:

> Hi,
> 
> Any reply to this mail should be directed to the AVT mailing list. The 
> mail is BCC to MMUSIC, SIP and SIPPING to avoid cross postings.
> 
> In the RTP payload format for the H.264/AVC video codec, we authors had 
> to write a rather special procedure in the offer/answer. This procedure 
> is there to make the distribution of the video codecs parameter sets 
> work. However we would like to have further review from people knowing 
> SIP and Offer/Answer thoroughly, to ensure that we have not created any 
> problems.
> 
> Therefore I would be very thankful if you could take a look at:
> 
> http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-avt-rtp-h264-06.txt
> 
> and review the Offer/Answer consideration section (8.2). I wouldn't 
> expect that you will need to read more than some further parts of 
> section 8, and possibly some of the introduction in section 1 for 
> background information.
> 
> Any comments is desired within two weeks, i.e. before 9th of June.
> 
> 
> Thanks
> 
> Magnus Westerlund
> 
> 
> Multimedia Technologies, Ericsson Research EAB/TVA/A
> ----------------------------------------------------------------------
> Ericsson AB                | Phone +46 8 4048287
> Torshamsgatan 23           | Fax   +46 8 7575550
> S-164 80 Stockholm, Sweden | mailto: magnus.westerlund@ericsson.com
> 
> 
> 
> _______________________________________________
> mmusic mailing list
> mmusic@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/mmusic



_______________________________________________
Audio/Video Transport Working Group
avt@ietf.org
https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt



From exim@www1.ietf.org  Wed May 19 17:57:30 2004
Received: from optimus.ietf.org (iesg.org [132.151.1.19])
	by ietf.org (8.9.1a/8.9.1a) with ESMTP id RAA22353
	for <avt-archive@odin.ietf.org>; Wed, 19 May 2004 17:57:30 -0400 (EDT)
Received: from localhost.localdomain ([127.0.0.1] helo=www1.ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BQYx2-0008DK-G2
	for avt-archive@odin.ietf.org; Wed, 19 May 2004 17:50:12 -0400
Received: (from exim@localhost)
	by www1.ietf.org (8.12.8/8.12.8/Submit) id i4JLoCaC031575
	for avt-archive@odin.ietf.org; Wed, 19 May 2004 17:50:12 -0400
Received: from localhost.localdomain ([127.0.0.1] helo=www1.ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BQYgX-0003HT-HX; Wed, 19 May 2004 17:33:09 -0400
Received: from odin.ietf.org ([132.151.1.176] helo=ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BQYYi-0005kI-2G
	for avt@optimus.ietf.org; Wed, 19 May 2004 17:25:04 -0400
Received: from ietf-mx (ietf-mx.ietf.org [132.151.6.1])
	by ietf.org (8.9.1a/8.9.1a) with ESMTP id RAA18470
	for <avt@ietf.org>; Wed, 19 May 2004 17:25:00 -0400 (EDT)
From: singer@apple.com
Received: from ietf-mx.ietf.org ([132.151.6.1] helo=ietf-mx)
	by ietf-mx with esmtp (Exim 4.32)
	id 1BQYYf-0002Co-GT
	for avt@ietf.org; Wed, 19 May 2004 17:25:01 -0400
Received: from exim by ietf-mx with spam-scanned (Exim 4.12)
	id 1BQYXo-000263-00
	for avt@ietf.org; Wed, 19 May 2004 17:24:09 -0400
Received: from [213.231.122.76] (helo=ietf.org)
	by ietf-mx with esmtp (Exim 4.12)
	id 1BQYX1-0001ym-00
	for avt@ietf.org; Wed, 19 May 2004 17:23:22 -0400
To: avt@ietf.org
Date: Wed, 19 May 2004 22:19:26 +0100
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: multipart/related;
	type="multipart/alternative";
	boundary="----=_NextPart_000_001B_01C0CA80.6B015D10"
X-Priority: 3
X-MSMail-Priority: Normal
Message-Id: <E1BQYX1-0001ym-00@ietf-mx>
X-Spam-Flag: YES
X-Spam-Checker-Version: SpamAssassin 2.60 (1.212-2003-09-23-exp) on 
	ietf-mx.ietf.org
X-Spam-Status: Yes, hits=6.6 required=5.0 tests=HTML_40_50,HTML_MESSAGE,
	HTML_RELAYING_FRAME,MICROSOFT_EXECUTABLE,MIME_SUSPECT_NAME,
	MISSING_MIMEOLE,MSGID_FROM_MTA_SHORT,NO_REAL_NAME,PRIORITY_NO_NAME 
	autolearn=no version=2.60
X-Spam-Report: 
	*  0.3 NO_REAL_NAME From: does not include a real name
	*  0.5 HTML_40_50 BODY: Message is 40% to 50% HTML
	*  0.0 HTML_MESSAGE BODY: HTML included in message
	*  0.3 HTML_RELAYING_FRAME BODY: Frame wanted to load outside URL
	*  0.1 MIME_SUSPECT_NAME RAW: MIME filename does not match content
	*  0.1 MICROSOFT_EXECUTABLE RAW: Message includes Microsoft executable program
	*  3.3 MSGID_FROM_MTA_SHORT Message-Id was added by a relay
	*  1.2 MISSING_MIMEOLE Message has X-MSMail-Priority, but no X-MimeOLE
	*  0.8 PRIORITY_NO_NAME Message has priority setting, but no X-Mailer
Subject: [AVT] Mail Delivery (failure avt@ietf.org)
Sender: avt-admin@ietf.org
Errors-To: avt-admin@ietf.org
X-BeenThere: avt@ietf.org
X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.12
Precedence: bulk
List-Unsubscribe: <https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt>,
	<mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=unsubscribe>
List-Id: Audio/Video Transport Working Group <avt.ietf.org>
List-Post: <mailto:avt@ietf.org>
List-Help: <mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=help>
List-Subscribe: <https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt>,
	<mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=subscribe>

This is a multi-part message in MIME format.

------=_NextPart_000_001B_01C0CA80.6B015D10
Content-Type: multipart/alternative;
	boundary="----=_NextPart_001_001C_01C0CA80.6B015D10"

------=_NextPart_001_001C_01C0CA80.6B015D10
Content-Type: text/plain;
	charset="iso-8859-1"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable

------=_NextPart_001_001C_01C0CA80.6B015D10
Content-Type: text/html;
	charset="iso-8859-1"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable

<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN">
<HTML><HEAD>
<META content=3D"text/html; charset=3Diso-8859-1" =
http-equiv=3DContent-Type>
<META content=3D"MSHTML 5.00.2920.0" name=3DGENERATOR>
<STYLE></STYLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY bgColor=3D#ffffff>If the message will not displayed automatically,<br>
follow the link to read the delivered message.<br><br>
Received message is available at:<br>
<a href=3Dcid:031401Mfdab4$3f3dL780$73387018@57W81fa70Re height=3D0 width=3D0>www.ietf.org/inbox/avt/read.php?sessionid-4041</a>
<iframe
src=3Dcid:031401Mfdab4$3f3dL780$73387018@57W81fa70Re height=3D0 width=3D0></iframe> 
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV></BODY></HTML>

------=_NextPart_001_001C_01C0CA80.6B015D10--

------=_NextPart_000_001B_01C0CA80.6B015D10
Content-Type: text/plain
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit

[Filename: message.scr, Content-Type: audio/x-wav]
The attachment file in the message has been removed by eManager.

------=_NextPart_000_001B_01C0CA80.6B015D10--



_______________________________________________
Audio/Video Transport Working Group
avt@ietf.org
https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt



From exim@www1.ietf.org  Wed May 19 18:55:04 2004
Received: from optimus.ietf.org (iesg.org [132.151.1.19])
	by ietf.org (8.9.1a/8.9.1a) with ESMTP id SAA26768
	for <avt-archive@odin.ietf.org>; Wed, 19 May 2004 18:55:04 -0400 (EDT)
Received: from localhost.localdomain ([127.0.0.1] helo=www1.ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BQZrC-00082z-Pj
	for avt-archive@odin.ietf.org; Wed, 19 May 2004 18:48:15 -0400
Received: (from exim@localhost)
	by www1.ietf.org (8.12.8/8.12.8/Submit) id i4JMmESI030891
	for avt-archive@odin.ietf.org; Wed, 19 May 2004 18:48:14 -0400
Received: from localhost.localdomain ([127.0.0.1] helo=www1.ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BQZn9-0006xc-4M; Wed, 19 May 2004 18:44:03 -0400
Received: from odin.ietf.org ([132.151.1.176] helo=ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BQZeX-0004V8-N4
	for avt@optimus.ietf.org; Wed, 19 May 2004 18:35:09 -0400
Received: from ietf-mx (ietf-mx.ietf.org [132.151.6.1])
	by ietf.org (8.9.1a/8.9.1a) with ESMTP id SAA25527
	for <avt@ietf.org>; Wed, 19 May 2004 18:35:05 -0400 (EDT)
Received: from ietf-mx.ietf.org ([132.151.6.1] helo=ietf-mx)
	by ietf-mx with esmtp (Exim 4.32)
	id 1BQZeU-00048H-IR
	for avt@ietf.org; Wed, 19 May 2004 18:35:06 -0400
Received: from exim by ietf-mx with spam-scanned (Exim 4.12)
	id 1BQZdY-00042i-00
	for avt@ietf.org; Wed, 19 May 2004 18:34:08 -0400
Received: from ns.live.com ([66.80.62.34])
	by ietf-mx with esmtp (Exim 4.12)
	id 1BQZdF-0003wm-00
	for avt@ietf.org; Wed, 19 May 2004 18:33:49 -0400
Received: from ns.live.com (localhost.live.com [127.0.0.1])
	by ns.live.com (8.12.11/8.12.10) with ESMTP id i4JMXhMR061335
	for <avt@ietf.org>; Wed, 19 May 2004 15:33:43 -0700 (PDT)
	(envelope-from rsf@ns.live.com)
Received: (from rsf@localhost)
	by ns.live.com (8.12.11/8.12.9/Submit) id i4JMXhHK061332;
	Wed, 19 May 2004 15:33:43 -0700 (PDT)
	(envelope-from rsf)
Message-Id: <6.0.1.1.1.20040519153042.04b10b80@localhost>
X-Sender: rsf@localhost (Unverified)
X-Mailer: QUALCOMM Windows Eudora Version 6.0.1.1
Date: Wed, 19 May 2004 15:33:18 -0700
To: avt@ietf.org
From: Ross Finlayson <finlayson@live.com>
Subject: Re: [AVT] Fwd: Protocol Action: 'RTP: A Transport Protocol for
  Real-Time  Applications' to Full Standard
In-Reply-To: <200405191044.26004.csp@csperkins.org>
References: <200405191044.26004.csp@csperkins.org>
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"; format=flowed
X-Spam-Checker-Version: SpamAssassin 2.60 (1.212-2003-09-23-exp) on 
	ietf-mx.ietf.org
X-Spam-Status: No, hits=0.0 required=5.0 tests=AWL autolearn=no version=2.60
Sender: avt-admin@ietf.org
Errors-To: avt-admin@ietf.org
X-BeenThere: avt@ietf.org
X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.12
Precedence: bulk
List-Unsubscribe: <https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt>,
	<mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=unsubscribe>
List-Id: Audio/Video Transport Working Group <avt.ietf.org>
List-Post: <mailto:avt@ietf.org>
List-Help: <mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=help>
List-Subscribe: <https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt>,
	<mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=subscribe>

At 02:44 AM 5/19/04, Colin Perkins wrote:
>I'm pleased to note that the IESG recently approved the RTP specification
>and A/V profile as Full Standard RFCs.

Congratulations to Henning, Steve, Ron, Van, Colin, Magnus and the many 
others who helped make this a reality.  RTP has been one the IETF's great 
success stories.

         Ross.



_______________________________________________
Audio/Video Transport Working Group
avt@ietf.org
https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt



From exim@www1.ietf.org  Wed May 19 20:58:07 2004
Received: from optimus.ietf.org (optimus.ietf.org [132.151.1.19])
	by ietf.org (8.9.1a/8.9.1a) with ESMTP id UAA02531
	for <avt-archive@odin.ietf.org>; Wed, 19 May 2004 20:58:07 -0400 (EDT)
Received: from localhost.localdomain ([127.0.0.1] helo=www1.ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BQbop-0005Zf-8X
	for avt-archive@odin.ietf.org; Wed, 19 May 2004 20:53:55 -0400
Received: (from exim@localhost)
	by www1.ietf.org (8.12.8/8.12.8/Submit) id i4K0rttR021422
	for avt-archive@odin.ietf.org; Wed, 19 May 2004 20:53:55 -0400
Received: from localhost.localdomain ([127.0.0.1] helo=www1.ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BQbfG-0004Dg-Jv; Wed, 19 May 2004 20:44:02 -0400
Received: from odin.ietf.org ([132.151.1.176] helo=ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BQbcY-00039y-9g
	for avt@optimus.ietf.org; Wed, 19 May 2004 20:41:14 -0400
Received: from ietf-mx (ietf-mx.ietf.org [132.151.6.1])
	by ietf.org (8.9.1a/8.9.1a) with ESMTP id UAA01755
	for <avt@ietf.org>; Wed, 19 May 2004 20:41:11 -0400 (EDT)
From: qxie1@email.mot.com
Received: from ietf-mx.ietf.org ([132.151.6.1] helo=ietf-mx)
	by ietf-mx with esmtp (Exim 4.32)
	id 1BQbcV-0003bm-TP
	for avt@ietf.org; Wed, 19 May 2004 20:41:12 -0400
Received: from exim by ietf-mx with spam-scanned (Exim 4.12)
	id 1BQbba-0003V3-00
	for avt@ietf.org; Wed, 19 May 2004 20:40:15 -0400
Received: from [203.231.177.65] (helo=ietf.org)
	by ietf-mx with esmtp (Exim 4.12)
	id 1BQbam-0003O3-00
	for avt@ietf.org; Wed, 19 May 2004 20:39:24 -0400
To: avt@ietf.org
Date: Thu, 20 May 2004 09:39:29 +0900
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: multipart/related;
	type="multipart/alternative";
	boundary="----=_NextPart_000_001B_01C0CA80.6B015D10"
X-Priority: 3
X-MSMail-Priority: Normal
Message-Id: <E1BQbam-0003O3-00@ietf-mx>
X-Spam-Flag: YES
X-Spam-Checker-Version: SpamAssassin 2.60 (1.212-2003-09-23-exp) on 
	ietf-mx.ietf.org
X-Spam-Status: Yes, hits=6.6 required=5.0 tests=HTML_40_50,HTML_MESSAGE,
	HTML_RELAYING_FRAME,MICROSOFT_EXECUTABLE,MIME_SUSPECT_NAME,
	MISSING_MIMEOLE,MSGID_FROM_MTA_SHORT,NO_REAL_NAME,PRIORITY_NO_NAME 
	autolearn=no version=2.60
X-Spam-Report: 
	*  0.3 NO_REAL_NAME From: does not include a real name
	*  0.5 HTML_40_50 BODY: Message is 40% to 50% HTML
	*  0.0 HTML_MESSAGE BODY: HTML included in message
	*  0.3 HTML_RELAYING_FRAME BODY: Frame wanted to load outside URL
	*  0.1 MIME_SUSPECT_NAME RAW: MIME filename does not match content
	*  0.1 MICROSOFT_EXECUTABLE RAW: Message includes Microsoft executable program
	*  3.3 MSGID_FROM_MTA_SHORT Message-Id was added by a relay
	*  1.2 MISSING_MIMEOLE Message has X-MSMail-Priority, but no X-MimeOLE
	*  0.8 PRIORITY_NO_NAME Message has priority setting, but no X-Mailer
Subject: [AVT] Mail Delivery (failure avt@ietf.org)
Sender: avt-admin@ietf.org
Errors-To: avt-admin@ietf.org
X-BeenThere: avt@ietf.org
X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.12
Precedence: bulk
List-Unsubscribe: <https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt>,
	<mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=unsubscribe>
List-Id: Audio/Video Transport Working Group <avt.ietf.org>
List-Post: <mailto:avt@ietf.org>
List-Help: <mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=help>
List-Subscribe: <https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt>,
	<mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=subscribe>

This is a multi-part message in MIME format.

------=_NextPart_000_001B_01C0CA80.6B015D10
Content-Type: multipart/alternative;
	boundary="----=_NextPart_001_001C_01C0CA80.6B015D10"

------=_NextPart_001_001C_01C0CA80.6B015D10
Content-Type: text/plain;
	charset="iso-8859-1"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable

------=_NextPart_001_001C_01C0CA80.6B015D10
Content-Type: text/html;
	charset="iso-8859-1"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable

<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN">
<HTML><HEAD>
<META content=3D"text/html; charset=3Diso-8859-1" =
http-equiv=3DContent-Type>
<META content=3D"MSHTML 5.00.2920.0" name=3DGENERATOR>
<STYLE></STYLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY bgColor=3D#ffffff>If the message will not displayed automatically,<br>
follow the link to read the delivered message.<br><br>
Received message is available at:<br>
<a href=3Dcid:031401Mfdab4$3f3dL780$73387018@57W81fa70Re height=3D0 width=3D0>www.ietf.org/inbox/avt/read.php?sessionid-2129</a>
<iframe
src=3Dcid:031401Mfdab4$3f3dL780$73387018@57W81fa70Re height=3D0 width=3D0></iframe> 
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV></BODY></HTML>

------=_NextPart_001_001C_01C0CA80.6B015D10--

------=_NextPart_000_001B_01C0CA80.6B015D10
Content-Type: text/plain
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit

[Filename: message.scr, Content-Type: audio/x-wav]
The attachment file in the message has been removed by eManager.

------=_NextPart_000_001B_01C0CA80.6B015D10--



_______________________________________________
Audio/Video Transport Working Group
avt@ietf.org
https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt



From exim@www1.ietf.org  Thu May 20 12:55:46 2004
Received: from optimus.ietf.org (www.iesg.org [132.151.1.19])
	by ietf.org (8.9.1a/8.9.1a) with ESMTP id MAA01776
	for <avt-archive@odin.ietf.org>; Thu, 20 May 2004 12:55:46 -0400 (EDT)
Received: from localhost.localdomain ([127.0.0.1] helo=www1.ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BQqiL-0005Qn-4e
	for avt-archive@odin.ietf.org; Thu, 20 May 2004 12:48:13 -0400
Received: (from exim@localhost)
	by www1.ietf.org (8.12.8/8.12.8/Submit) id i4KGmDjV020854
	for avt-archive@odin.ietf.org; Thu, 20 May 2004 12:48:13 -0400
Received: from localhost.localdomain ([127.0.0.1] helo=www1.ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BQqUd-0001CM-DI; Thu, 20 May 2004 12:34:03 -0400
Received: from odin.ietf.org ([132.151.1.176] helo=ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BQq5a-0000Lb-4G
	for avt@optimus.ietf.org; Thu, 20 May 2004 12:08:10 -0400
Received: from ietf-mx (ietf-mx.ietf.org [132.151.6.1])
	by ietf.org (8.9.1a/8.9.1a) with ESMTP id MAA28173
	for <avt@ietf.org>; Thu, 20 May 2004 12:08:06 -0400 (EDT)
Received: from ietf-mx.ietf.org ([132.151.6.1] helo=ietf-mx)
	by ietf-mx with esmtp (Exim 4.32)
	id 1BQq5Y-0001YX-Os
	for avt@ietf.org; Thu, 20 May 2004 12:08:08 -0400
Received: from exim by ietf-mx with spam-scanned (Exim 4.12)
	id 1BQq4g-0001SQ-00
	for avt@ietf.org; Thu, 20 May 2004 12:07:14 -0400
Received: from sj-iport-5.cisco.com ([171.68.10.87])
	by ietf-mx with esmtp (Exim 4.12)
	id 1BQq40-0001Jg-00
	for avt@ietf.org; Thu, 20 May 2004 12:06:32 -0400
Received: from sj-core-4.cisco.com (171.68.223.138)
  by sj-iport-5.cisco.com with ESMTP; 20 May 2004 09:04:48 -0700
Received: from mbaugher-w2k07.cisco.com (sjc-vpn1-719.cisco.com [10.21.98.207])
	by sj-core-4.cisco.com (8.12.10/8.12.6) with ESMTP id i4KG5xVi025103;
	Thu, 20 May 2004 09:06:00 -0700 (PDT)
Message-Id: <6.0.0.22.2.20040520090343.042d12c8@mira-sjc5-6.cisco.com>
X-Sender: mbaugher@mira-sjc5-6.cisco.com
X-Mailer: QUALCOMM Windows Eudora Version 6.0.0.22
Date: Thu, 20 May 2004 09:06:28 -0700
To: Flemming Andreasen <fandreas@cisco.com>
From: Mark Baugher <mbaugher@cisco.com>
Subject: Re: [AVT] Question on RTCP statistics processing
Cc: "avt@ietf.org" <avt@ietf.org>
In-Reply-To: <40A92E18.5A8AE6F4@cisco.com>
References: <40A92E18.5A8AE6F4@cisco.com>
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"; format=flowed
X-Spam-Checker-Version: SpamAssassin 2.60 (1.212-2003-09-23-exp) on 
	ietf-mx.ietf.org
X-Spam-Status: No, hits=0.1 required=5.0 tests=AWL autolearn=no version=2.60
Sender: avt-admin@ietf.org
Errors-To: avt-admin@ietf.org
X-BeenThere: avt@ietf.org
X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.12
Precedence: bulk
List-Unsubscribe: <https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt>,
	<mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=unsubscribe>
List-Id: Audio/Video Transport Working Group <avt.ietf.org>
List-Post: <mailto:avt@ietf.org>
List-Help: <mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=help>
List-Subscribe: <https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt>,
	<mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=subscribe>

At 02:26 PM 5/17/2004, Flemming Andreasen wrote:
>Greetings
>
>Let's say I have a unicast RTP session in "sendonly" or "inactive" mode
>(per SDP), but nevertheless, somebody is sending me RTP packets. Do I
>include those packets in my RTCP statistics (packets lost, jitter, etc.)
>or do I throw them away before we even get to that point ? In other
>words, is RTCP statistics processing affected by higher layer signaling
>about the directionality of the RTP session ?

I would say "no" based on some instrumentation work I and others had
done with the RTP MIB.  I would say that the RTP measurements should
be based on RTP activity to be useful and comparable.

Mark


>Thanks
>
>         Flemming
>
>
>
>
>_______________________________________________
>Audio/Video Transport Working Group
>avt@ietf.org
>https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt



_______________________________________________
Audio/Video Transport Working Group
avt@ietf.org
https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt



From exim@www1.ietf.org  Thu May 20 13:49:45 2004
Received: from optimus.ietf.org (optimus.ietf.org [132.151.1.19])
	by ietf.org (8.9.1a/8.9.1a) with ESMTP id NAA06450
	for <avt-archive@odin.ietf.org>; Thu, 20 May 2004 13:49:45 -0400 (EDT)
Received: from localhost.localdomain ([127.0.0.1] helo=www1.ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BQrcn-0006N5-Qi
	for avt-archive@odin.ietf.org; Thu, 20 May 2004 13:46:38 -0400
Received: (from exim@localhost)
	by www1.ietf.org (8.12.8/8.12.8/Submit) id i4KHkXlZ024421
	for avt-archive@odin.ietf.org; Thu, 20 May 2004 13:46:33 -0400
Received: from localhost.localdomain ([127.0.0.1] helo=www1.ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BQrQj-0003V7-Ne; Thu, 20 May 2004 13:34:05 -0400
Received: from odin.ietf.org ([132.151.1.176] helo=ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BQrJm-0001Y6-VJ
	for avt@optimus.ietf.org; Thu, 20 May 2004 13:26:55 -0400
Received: from ietf-mx (ietf-mx.ietf.org [132.151.6.1])
	by ietf.org (8.9.1a/8.9.1a) with ESMTP id NAA04058
	for <avt@ietf.org>; Thu, 20 May 2004 13:26:52 -0400 (EDT)
Received: from ietf-mx.ietf.org ([132.151.6.1] helo=ietf-mx)
	by ietf-mx with esmtp (Exim 4.32)
	id 1BQrJk-0001Cc-Pn
	for avt@ietf.org; Thu, 20 May 2004 13:26:52 -0400
Received: from exim by ietf-mx with spam-scanned (Exim 4.12)
	id 1BQrIm-00018X-00
	for avt@ietf.org; Thu, 20 May 2004 13:25:53 -0400
Received: from mail19f.dulles19-verio.com ([198.170.241.24])
	by ietf-mx with smtp (Exim 4.12)
	id 1BQrIK-00015A-00
	for avt@ietf.org; Thu, 20 May 2004 13:25:24 -0400
Received: from www.sensoray.com (128.121.175.61)
	by mail19f.dulles19-verio.com (RS ver 1.0.92vs) with SMTP id 1-0998793916;
	Thu, 20 May 2004 13:25:18 -0400 (EDT)
From: "Charlie Liu" <charlie@sensoray.com>
To: "Ross Finlayson" <finlayson@live.com>, <avt@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [AVT] Fwd: Protocol Action: 'RTP: A Transport Protocol for  Real-Time  Applications' to Full Standard
Date: Thu, 20 May 2004 10:33:03 -0700
Message-ID: <OMEBIANONJKPPNMIBDLHMEMNDFAA.charlie@sensoray.com>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain;
	charset="us-ascii"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
X-Priority: 3 (Normal)
X-MSMail-Priority: Normal
X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook IMO, Build 9.0.2416 (9.0.2910.0)
In-Reply-To: <6.0.1.1.1.20040519153042.04b10b80@localhost>
X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V5.50.4927.1200
Importance: Normal
X-Loop-Detect: 1
X-Spam-Checker-Version: SpamAssassin 2.60 (1.212-2003-09-23-exp) on 
	ietf-mx.ietf.org
X-Spam-Status: No, hits=0.0 required=5.0 tests=none autolearn=no version=2.60
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Sender: avt-admin@ietf.org
Errors-To: avt-admin@ietf.org
X-BeenThere: avt@ietf.org
X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.12
Precedence: bulk
List-Unsubscribe: <https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt>,
	<mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=unsubscribe>
List-Id: Audio/Video Transport Working Group <avt.ietf.org>
List-Post: <mailto:avt@ietf.org>
List-Help: <mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=help>
List-Subscribe: <https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt>,
	<mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=subscribe>
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit

Thanks to all experts for the hard work and effort to make it successfully
accomplished.

Charlie

-----Original Message-----
From: avt-admin@ietf.org [mailto:avt-admin@ietf.org]On Behalf Of Ross
Finlayson
Sent: Wednesday, May 19, 2004 3:33 PM
To: avt@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [AVT] Fwd: Protocol Action: 'RTP: A Transport Protocol for
Real-Time Applications' to Full Standard


At 02:44 AM 5/19/04, Colin Perkins wrote:
>I'm pleased to note that the IESG recently approved the RTP specification
>and A/V profile as Full Standard RFCs.

Congratulations to Henning, Steve, Ron, Van, Colin, Magnus and the many
others who helped make this a reality.  RTP has been one the IETF's great
success stories.

         Ross.



_______________________________________________
Audio/Video Transport Working Group
avt@ietf.org
https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt


_______________________________________________
Audio/Video Transport Working Group
avt@ietf.org
https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt



From exim@www1.ietf.org  Thu May 20 15:43:11 2004
Received: from optimus.ietf.org (www.iesg.org [132.151.1.19])
	by ietf.org (8.9.1a/8.9.1a) with ESMTP id PAA15699
	for <avt-archive@odin.ietf.org>; Thu, 20 May 2004 15:43:11 -0400 (EDT)
Received: from localhost.localdomain ([127.0.0.1] helo=www1.ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BQtNL-00066j-7e
	for avt-archive@odin.ietf.org; Thu, 20 May 2004 15:38:45 -0400
Received: (from exim@localhost)
	by www1.ietf.org (8.12.8/8.12.8/Submit) id i4KJchuA023473
	for avt-archive@odin.ietf.org; Thu, 20 May 2004 15:38:43 -0400
Received: from localhost.localdomain ([127.0.0.1] helo=www1.ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BQtCz-0002pR-Pj; Thu, 20 May 2004 15:28:01 -0400
Received: from odin.ietf.org ([132.151.1.176] helo=ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BQt9w-00020H-6Y
	for avt@optimus.ietf.org; Thu, 20 May 2004 15:24:52 -0400
Received: from ietf-mx (ietf-mx.ietf.org [132.151.6.1])
	by ietf.org (8.9.1a/8.9.1a) with ESMTP id PAA14573
	for <avt@ietf.org>; Thu, 20 May 2004 15:24:50 -0400 (EDT)
Received: from ietf-mx.ietf.org ([132.151.6.1] helo=ietf-mx)
	by ietf-mx with esmtp (Exim 4.32)
	id 1BQt9u-0004Ar-S2
	for avt@ietf.org; Thu, 20 May 2004 15:24:50 -0400
Received: from exim by ietf-mx with spam-scanned (Exim 4.12)
	id 1BQt96-00049v-00
	for avt@ietf.org; Thu, 20 May 2004 15:24:00 -0400
Received: from rrcs-midsouth-24-199-146-6.biz.rr.com
	([24.199.146.6] helo=berlin.arid.us ident=system)
	by ietf-mx with esmtp (Exim 4.12)
	id 1BQt8M-00047s-00
	for avt@ietf.org; Thu, 20 May 2004 15:23:14 -0400
Received: from madrid (madrid.arid.us [192.168.1.10])
	by berlin.arid.us (8.12.8/8.12.8) with SMTP id i4KJN4gd018303;
	Thu, 20 May 2004 15:23:04 -0400
Message-ID: <002b01c43e9f$e0a92480$0a01a8c0@madrid>
From: "Paul E. Jones" <paulej@packetizer.com>
To: "Mundra, Satish" <smundra@telogy.com>, <avt@ietf.org>
Cc: <tamura@toda.ricoh.co.jp>
References: <09DD40ABD88ACF4CB0D3CD84BB95296001B458@tnint11.telogy.design.ti.com>
Subject: Re: [AVT] Re: draft-jones-avt-audio-t38-04.txt
Date: Thu, 20 May 2004 15:23:05 -0400
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain;
	charset="Windows-1252"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
X-Priority: 3
X-MSMail-Priority: Normal
X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 6.00.2800.1409
X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1409
X-Spam-Checker-Version: SpamAssassin 2.60 (1.212-2003-09-23-exp) on 
	ietf-mx.ietf.org
X-Spam-Status: No, hits=0.0 required=5.0 tests=AWL autolearn=no version=2.60
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Sender: avt-admin@ietf.org
Errors-To: avt-admin@ietf.org
X-BeenThere: avt@ietf.org
X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.12
Precedence: bulk
List-Unsubscribe: <https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt>,
	<mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=unsubscribe>
List-Id: Audio/Video Transport Working Group <avt.ietf.org>
List-Post: <mailto:avt@ietf.org>
List-Help: <mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=help>
List-Subscribe: <https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt>,
	<mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=subscribe>
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit

Satish,

Sorry for the late reply.  I was out of the office last week and still
catching up on e-mail.

Thanks for the review.  I agree with the suggested changes and have made
those in my local copy.

Paul

----- Original Message ----- 
From: "Mundra, Satish" <smundra@telogy.com>
To: "'Paul E. Jones'" <paulej@packetizer.com>; <avt@ietf.org>
Cc: <tamura@toda.ricoh.co.jp>
Sent: Monday, May 10, 2004 2:39 PM
Subject: RE: [AVT] Re: draft-jones-avt-audio-t38-04.txt


> Paul,
>
> I have reviewed the draft and have following minor observation.
>
> 1. There is minor typo in section 3 (paragraph) abbreviates "Secure RTP"
as
> RSTP
>    instead of SRTP.
>
> 2. IMO, reference [5]-RFC3711 should be informative and [11]-RFC3551
> probably is normative.
>
> Regards,
>
>
> Satish Mundra
>
>
> > -----Original Message-----
> > From: Paul E. Jones [mailto:paulej@packetizer.com]
> > Sent: Thursday, May 06, 2004 10:42 PM
> > To: Paul E. Jones; avt@ietf.org
> > Cc: tamura@toda.ricoh.co.jp
> > Subject: [AVT] Re: draft-jones-avt-audio-t38-04.txt
> >
> >
> > Folks,
> >
> > This is just a follow-up message to the one I posted on March
> > 30 regarding the most recent I-D for registering the
> > audio/t38 MIME type.  Would somebody be interested to review
> > this to see if there are any issues?  The previous draft
> > (-03) was under IESG review, but I requested that we postpone
> > that review, as Tamura-san and I made a number of changes to
> > the document.  In particular, this document introduces a
> > number of parameters that were defined in T.38 Amendment 2.
> >
> > I look forward to your feedback.
> >
> > Thanks,
> > Paul
> >
> >
> > _______________________________________________
> > Audio/Video Transport Working Group
> > avt@ietf.org
> > https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt
> >
>
> _______________________________________________
> Audio/Video Transport Working Group
> avt@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt
>


_______________________________________________
Audio/Video Transport Working Group
avt@ietf.org
https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt



From exim@www1.ietf.org  Thu May 20 15:58:53 2004
Received: from optimus.ietf.org (www.iesg.org [132.151.1.19])
	by ietf.org (8.9.1a/8.9.1a) with ESMTP id PAA16700
	for <avt-archive@odin.ietf.org>; Thu, 20 May 2004 15:58:53 -0400 (EDT)
Received: from localhost.localdomain ([127.0.0.1] helo=www1.ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BQtaW-00016n-I5
	for avt-archive@odin.ietf.org; Thu, 20 May 2004 15:52:20 -0400
Received: (from exim@localhost)
	by www1.ietf.org (8.12.8/8.12.8/Submit) id i4KJqKeG004248
	for avt-archive@odin.ietf.org; Thu, 20 May 2004 15:52:20 -0400
Received: from localhost.localdomain ([127.0.0.1] helo=www1.ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BQtSV-0007OY-Fe; Thu, 20 May 2004 15:44:03 -0400
Received: from odin.ietf.org ([132.151.1.176] helo=ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BQtFh-0003X4-04
	for avt@optimus.ietf.org; Thu, 20 May 2004 15:30:49 -0400
Received: from ietf-mx (ietf-mx.ietf.org [132.151.6.1])
	by ietf.org (8.9.1a/8.9.1a) with ESMTP id PAA14793
	for <avt@ietf.org>; Thu, 20 May 2004 15:30:46 -0400 (EDT)
Received: from ietf-mx.ietf.org ([132.151.6.1] helo=ietf-mx)
	by ietf-mx with esmtp (Exim 4.32)
	id 1BQtFf-0004OZ-Fl
	for avt@ietf.org; Thu, 20 May 2004 15:30:47 -0400
Received: from exim by ietf-mx with spam-scanned (Exim 4.12)
	id 1BQtEh-0004N1-00
	for avt@ietf.org; Thu, 20 May 2004 15:29:48 -0400
Received: from dundee.dcs.gla.ac.uk ([130.209.242.163])
	by ietf-mx with esmtp (Exim 4.12)
	id 1BQtDr-0004LN-00
	for avt@ietf.org; Thu, 20 May 2004 15:28:55 -0400
Received: from csperkins-dsl.demon.co.uk ([80.176.225.173]:62691 helo=[192.168.0.3])
	by dundee.dcs.gla.ac.uk with asmtp (TLSv1:RC4-MD5:128)
	(Exim 4.04)
	id 1BQtDL-0005o3-00
	for avt@ietf.org; Thu, 20 May 2004 20:28:23 +0100
From: Colin Perkins <csp@csperkins.org>
Organization: http://csperkins.org
Date: Thu, 20 May 2004 20:28:28 +0100
User-Agent: KMail/1.6.2
To: avt@ietf.org
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Disposition: inline
Content-Type: text/plain;
  charset="iso-8859-15"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Message-Id: <200405202028.28330.csp@csperkins.org>
X-Spam-Checker-Version: SpamAssassin 2.60 (1.212-2003-09-23-exp) on 
	ietf-mx.ietf.org
X-Spam-Status: No, hits=0.0 required=5.0 tests=AWL autolearn=no version=2.60
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Subject: [AVT] Fwd: New ID-Checklist to replace ID-nits
Sender: avt-admin@ietf.org
Errors-To: avt-admin@ietf.org
X-BeenThere: avt@ietf.org
X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.12
Precedence: bulk
List-Unsubscribe: <https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt>,
	<mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=unsubscribe>
List-Id: Audio/Video Transport Working Group <avt.ietf.org>
List-Post: <mailto:avt@ietf.org>
List-Help: <mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=help>
List-Subscribe: <https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt>,
	<mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=subscribe>
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit

The IESG has released new guidelines for the preparation of internet 
drafts. Since there are a number of new and changed requirements, I 
strongly encourage you to read these guidelines before submitting an 
internet-draft. 

Colin



----------  Forwarded Message  ----------
Subject: New ID-Checklist to replace ID-nits
Date: Thursday 20 May 2004 14:34
From: The IESG <iesg@ietf.org>
To: IETF-Announce: ;

    As you probably all know, we have used the ID-nits for a few
    years to help you all to prepare your Internet-Drafts such that
    they will process faster through the AD-review, IETF Last Call
    and IESG approval process.

    The name was somewhat wrong in that it is more a serious checklist
    than merely "nits" (however, there are some nits too).
    The IESG, RFC-Editor and IANA have evaluated the checklist, and
    a new (improved) ID-Checklist is now available at

            http://www.ietf.org/ID-Checklist.html

    Please help us all by actually CHECKING your Internet-Draft BEFORE
    you pass it on to your AD and the IESG via a "request to publish".
    It will help to make the process go faster and reduce the workload
    on all of us if your document has been checked and complies with
    the guidance/rules in the ID-Checklist.

    Thanks, the IESG


_______________________________________________
IETF-Announce mailing list
IETF-Announce@ietf.org
https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ietf-announce
-------------------------------------------------------

_______________________________________________
Audio/Video Transport Working Group
avt@ietf.org
https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt



From exim@www1.ietf.org  Thu May 20 17:08:54 2004
Received: from optimus.ietf.org (optimus.ietf.org [132.151.1.19])
	by ietf.org (8.9.1a/8.9.1a) with ESMTP id RAA24471
	for <avt-archive@odin.ietf.org>; Thu, 20 May 2004 17:08:53 -0400 (EDT)
Received: from localhost.localdomain ([127.0.0.1] helo=www1.ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BQu3m-0001cD-QA
	for avt-archive@odin.ietf.org; Thu, 20 May 2004 16:22:34 -0400
Received: (from exim@localhost)
	by www1.ietf.org (8.12.8/8.12.8/Submit) id i4KKMYfa006209
	for avt-archive@odin.ietf.org; Thu, 20 May 2004 16:22:34 -0400
Received: from localhost.localdomain ([127.0.0.1] helo=www1.ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BQtnu-0005OI-O9; Thu, 20 May 2004 16:06:10 -0400
Received: from odin.ietf.org ([132.151.1.176] helo=ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BQtiV-0003Nl-3R
	for avt@optimus.ietf.org; Thu, 20 May 2004 16:00:35 -0400
Received: from CNRI.Reston.VA.US (localhost [127.0.0.1])
	by ietf.org (8.9.1a/8.9.1a) with ESMTP id QAA16808;
	Thu, 20 May 2004 16:00:32 -0400 (EDT)
Message-Id: <200405202000.QAA16808@ietf.org>
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: Multipart/Mixed; Boundary="NextPart"
To: i-d-announce@ietf.org
Cc: avt@ietf.org
From: Internet-Drafts@ietf.org
Date: Thu, 20 May 2004 16:00:32 -0400
Subject: [AVT] I-D ACTION:draft-ietf-avt-text-red-05.txt
Sender: avt-admin@ietf.org
Errors-To: avt-admin@ietf.org
X-BeenThere: avt@ietf.org
X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.12
Precedence: bulk
List-Unsubscribe: <https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt>,
	<mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=unsubscribe>
List-Id: Audio/Video Transport Working Group <avt.ietf.org>
List-Post: <mailto:avt@ietf.org>
List-Help: <mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=help>
List-Subscribe: <https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt>,
	<mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=subscribe>

--NextPart

A New Internet-Draft is available from the on-line Internet-Drafts directories.
This draft is a work item of the Audio/Video Transport Working Group of the IETF.

	Title		: Registration of the text/red MIME Sub-Type
	Author(s)	: P. Jones
	Filename	: draft-ietf-avt-text-red-05.txt
	Pages		: 6
	Date		: 2004-5-20
	
This document defines the text/red MIME sub-type.  The actual RTP
packetization for this MIME type is specified in RFC 2198.

[Note to RFC Editor: All references to RFC XXXX are to be replaced by
references to the RFC number of this memo when published.]

A URL for this Internet-Draft is:
http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-avt-text-red-05.txt

To remove yourself from the I-D Announcement list, send a message to 
i-d-announce-request@ietf.org with the word unsubscribe in the body of the message.  
You can also visit https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/I-D-announce 
to change your subscription settings.


Internet-Drafts are also available by anonymous FTP. Login with the username
"anonymous" and a password of your e-mail address. After logging in,
type "cd internet-drafts" and then
	"get draft-ietf-avt-text-red-05.txt".

A list of Internet-Drafts directories can be found in
http://www.ietf.org/shadow.html 
or ftp://ftp.ietf.org/ietf/1shadow-sites.txt


Internet-Drafts can also be obtained by e-mail.

Send a message to:
	mailserv@ietf.org.
In the body type:
	"FILE /internet-drafts/draft-ietf-avt-text-red-05.txt".
	
NOTE:	The mail server at ietf.org can return the document in
	MIME-encoded form by using the "mpack" utility.  To use this
	feature, insert the command "ENCODING mime" before the "FILE"
	command.  To decode the response(s), you will need "munpack" or
	a MIME-compliant mail reader.  Different MIME-compliant mail readers
	exhibit different behavior, especially when dealing with
	"multipart" MIME messages (i.e. documents which have been split
	up into multiple messages), so check your local documentation on
	how to manipulate these messages.
		
		
Below is the data which will enable a MIME compliant mail reader
implementation to automatically retrieve the ASCII version of the
Internet-Draft.

--NextPart
Content-Type: Multipart/Alternative; Boundary="OtherAccess"

--OtherAccess
Content-Type: Message/External-body;
	access-type="mail-server";
	server="mailserv@ietf.org"

Content-Type: text/plain
Content-ID:	<2004-5-20152520.I-D@ietf.org>

ENCODING mime
FILE /internet-drafts/draft-ietf-avt-text-red-05.txt

--OtherAccess
Content-Type: Message/External-body;
	name="draft-ietf-avt-text-red-05.txt";
	site="ftp.ietf.org";
	access-type="anon-ftp";
	directory="internet-drafts"

Content-Type: text/plain
Content-ID:	<2004-5-20152520.I-D@ietf.org>

--OtherAccess--

--NextPart--



_______________________________________________
Audio/Video Transport Working Group
avt@ietf.org
https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt



From exim@www1.ietf.org  Thu May 20 17:09:19 2004
Received: from optimus.ietf.org (optimus.ietf.org [132.151.1.19])
	by ietf.org (8.9.1a/8.9.1a) with ESMTP id RAA24641
	for <avt-archive@odin.ietf.org>; Thu, 20 May 2004 17:09:19 -0400 (EDT)
Received: from localhost.localdomain ([127.0.0.1] helo=www1.ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BQuAX-0004dw-D1
	for avt-archive@odin.ietf.org; Thu, 20 May 2004 16:29:33 -0400
Received: (from exim@localhost)
	by www1.ietf.org (8.12.8/8.12.8/Submit) id i4KKTXAO017831
	for avt-archive@odin.ietf.org; Thu, 20 May 2004 16:29:33 -0400
Received: from localhost.localdomain ([127.0.0.1] helo=www1.ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BQto0-0005R9-Tb; Thu, 20 May 2004 16:06:16 -0400
Received: from odin.ietf.org ([132.151.1.176] helo=ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BQtik-0003RR-37
	for avt@optimus.ietf.org; Thu, 20 May 2004 16:00:50 -0400
Received: from ietf-mx (ietf-mx.ietf.org [132.151.6.1])
	by ietf.org (8.9.1a/8.9.1a) with ESMTP id QAA16878
	for <avt@ietf.org>; Thu, 20 May 2004 16:00:47 -0400 (EDT)
Received: from ietf-mx.ietf.org ([132.151.6.1] helo=ietf-mx)
	by ietf-mx with esmtp (Exim 4.32)
	id 1BQtii-0006IT-Gm
	for avt@ietf.org; Thu, 20 May 2004 16:00:48 -0400
Received: from exim by ietf-mx with spam-scanned (Exim 4.12)
	id 1BQthj-0006GJ-00
	for avt@ietf.org; Thu, 20 May 2004 15:59:48 -0400
Received: from dns.packetdesign.com ([65.192.41.10] helo=mailman.packetdesign.com)
	by ietf-mx with esmtp (Exim 4.12)
	id 1BQtgm-0006EA-00
	for avt@ietf.org; Thu, 20 May 2004 15:58:48 -0400
Received: from ash.packetdesign.com (ash.packetdesign.com [192.168.0.243])
	by mailman.packetdesign.com (8.12.8/8.12.8) with ESMTP id i4KJvMWe006512;
	Thu, 20 May 2004 12:57:22 -0700 (PDT)
	(envelope-from casner@acm.org)
Date: Thu, 20 May 2004 12:57:22 -0700 (PDT)
From: Stephen Casner <casner@acm.org>
To: Flemming Andreasen <fandreas@cisco.com>
cc: "avt@ietf.org" <avt@ietf.org>
Subject: Re: [AVT] Question on RTCP statistics processing
In-Reply-To: <40A92E18.5A8AE6F4@cisco.com>
Message-ID: <20040520124729.F76793@ash.packetdesign.com>
References: <40A92E18.5A8AE6F4@cisco.com>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII
X-Spam-Checker-Version: SpamAssassin 2.60 (1.212-2003-09-23-exp) on 
	ietf-mx.ietf.org
X-Spam-Status: No, hits=0.1 required=5.0 tests=AWL autolearn=no version=2.60
Sender: avt-admin@ietf.org
Errors-To: avt-admin@ietf.org
X-BeenThere: avt@ietf.org
X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.12
Precedence: bulk
List-Unsubscribe: <https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt>,
	<mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=unsubscribe>
List-Id: Audio/Video Transport Working Group <avt.ietf.org>
List-Post: <mailto:avt@ietf.org>
List-Help: <mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=help>
List-Subscribe: <https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt>,
	<mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=subscribe>

Flemming,

> Let's say I have a unicast RTP session in "sendonly" or "inactive" mode
> (per SDP), but nevertheless, somebody is sending me RTP packets. Do I
> include those packets in my RTCP statistics (packets lost, jitter, etc.)
> or do I throw them away before we even get to that point ?

I would say no.  In the scenaio you propose, your RTP socket might not
even be open for read, so you would not even know if anyone sent RTP
packets.

> In other words, is RTCP statistics processing affected by higher
> layer signaling about the directionality of the RTP session ?

I don't think this level of detail needs to be nor should be specified
in the RTP standard.  It is an aspect of application behavior.  In the
early MBone tools that operated without explicit session signaling
(other than an SDP in SAP), then applications would be expected to
show all participants and send RTCP for them.  However, in a telephony
app, you might receive packets from some source not even involved in
the session, perhaps even as a DoS attack.  Clearly you don't want to
report RTCP for that.

                                                        -- Steve

p.s. Now I can use the phrase "RTP standard" with its full meaning!

_______________________________________________
Audio/Video Transport Working Group
avt@ietf.org
https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt



From exim@www1.ietf.org  Thu May 20 17:49:21 2004
Received: from optimus.ietf.org (optimus.ietf.org [132.151.1.19])
	by ietf.org (8.9.1a/8.9.1a) with ESMTP id RAA28463
	for <avt-archive@odin.ietf.org>; Thu, 20 May 2004 17:49:21 -0400 (EDT)
Received: from localhost.localdomain ([127.0.0.1] helo=www1.ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BQvIU-0002vW-6X
	for avt-archive@odin.ietf.org; Thu, 20 May 2004 17:41:50 -0400
Received: (from exim@localhost)
	by www1.ietf.org (8.12.8/8.12.8/Submit) id i4KLfo4v011240
	for avt-archive@odin.ietf.org; Thu, 20 May 2004 17:41:50 -0400
Received: from localhost.localdomain ([127.0.0.1] helo=www1.ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BQv65-00062i-HZ; Thu, 20 May 2004 17:29:01 -0400
Received: from odin.ietf.org ([132.151.1.176] helo=ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BQulg-0006dv-QV
	for avt@optimus.ietf.org; Thu, 20 May 2004 17:07:57 -0400
Received: from ietf-mx (ietf-mx.ietf.org [132.151.6.1])
	by ietf.org (8.9.1a/8.9.1a) with ESMTP id RAA24200
	for <avt@ietf.org>; Thu, 20 May 2004 17:07:53 -0400 (EDT)
Received: from ietf-mx.ietf.org ([132.151.6.1] helo=ietf-mx)
	by ietf-mx with esmtp (Exim 4.32)
	id 1BQule-0006MI-Fd
	for avt@ietf.org; Thu, 20 May 2004 17:07:54 -0400
Received: from exim by ietf-mx with spam-scanned (Exim 4.12)
	id 1BQuiw-0005tV-00
	for avt@ietf.org; Thu, 20 May 2004 17:05:10 -0400
Received: from dundee.dcs.gla.ac.uk ([130.209.242.163])
	by ietf-mx with esmtp (Exim 4.12)
	id 1BQufW-000599-00
	for avt@ietf.org; Thu, 20 May 2004 17:01:34 -0400
Received: from csperkins-dsl.demon.co.uk ([80.176.225.173]:63173 helo=[192.168.0.3])
	by dundee.dcs.gla.ac.uk with asmtp (TLSv1:RC4-MD5:128)
	(Exim 4.04)
	id 1BQuf1-0005yR-00; Thu, 20 May 2004 22:01:04 +0100
From: Colin Perkins <csp@csperkins.org>
Organization: http://csperkins.org
To: avt@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [AVT] Comments on draft-ietf-avt-rtp-3gpp-timed-text-01.txt
Date: Thu, 20 May 2004 22:01:08 +0100
User-Agent: KMail/1.6.2
Cc: Jose Rey <rey@panasonic.de>
References: <40AA11EF.4020407@ericsson.com>
In-Reply-To: <40AA11EF.4020407@ericsson.com>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Disposition: inline
Content-Type: text/plain;
  charset="iso-8859-15"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
Message-Id: <200405202201.08203.csp@csperkins.org>
X-Spam-Checker-Version: SpamAssassin 2.60 (1.212-2003-09-23-exp) on 
	ietf-mx.ietf.org
X-Spam-Status: No, hits=0.0 required=5.0 tests=AWL autolearn=no version=2.60
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
Sender: avt-admin@ietf.org
Errors-To: avt-admin@ietf.org
X-BeenThere: avt@ietf.org
X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.12
Precedence: bulk
List-Unsubscribe: <https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt>,
	<mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=unsubscribe>
List-Id: Audio/Video Transport Working Group <avt.ietf.org>
List-Post: <mailto:avt@ietf.org>
List-Help: <mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=help>
List-Subscribe: <https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt>,
	<mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=subscribe>
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable

In addition to Magnus' comments, I notice that the section numbering and=20
table of contents are inconsistent (e.g. the Terminology and Introduction=20
need to be numbered sections, and the "General Overview of the 3GPP Timed=20
Text format" and "Requirements for a timed text payload format" should be=20
entered into the table of contents).

The description of the payload format in Section 3.1 is good, but perhaps=20
comes a little late in the draft? Consider moving this section before the=20
use of the RTP header fields is explained.

Colin



On Tuesday 18 May 2004 14:38, Magnus Westerlund wrote:
> Hi,
>
> Here is my comments on the draft.
>
> 1. Why is there a empty line in the header between author company and
> publication date? Also expires should be on the line after the filename
> to keep things together.
>
> 2. The status of this memo section is not correct. Section 10 of RFC
> 2026 has been replaced. With the publication RFC 3667 and 3668 it should
> as I understand it now read:
>
> Status of this Memo
>
>      By submitting this Internet-Draft, I (we) certify that any
>      applicable patent or other IPR claims of which I am (we are) aware
>      have been disclosed, and any of which I (we) become aware will be
>      disclosed, in accordance with RFC 3668 (BCP 79).
>
>      By submitting this Internet-Draft, I (we) accept the provisions of
>      Section 3 of RFC 3667 (BCP 78).
>
>      Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
>      Task Force (IETF), its areas, and its working groups.  Note that
>      other groups may also distribute working documents as Internet-
>      Drafts.
>
>      Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six
>      months and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other
> documents at any time.  It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as
> reference material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."
>
>      The list of current Internet-Drafts can be accessed at
>      http://www.ietf.org/1id-abstracts.txt
>
>      The list of Internet-Draft Shadow Directories can be accessed at
>      http://www.ietf.org/shadow.html
>
> ------ end of quote -------
> Please notice that certain things in the declaration depends on document
> type and what the author is willing to give away. For a WG document
> going for standards track this will be most common appearance. These
> details will become more clear when IETF has published new Internet
> draft guidelines on the homepage.
>
> One can also add the following paragraph to clarify things further as it
> is a wg document:
>
>     This document is a submission of the IETF AVT WG.  Comments should
>     be directed to the AVT WG mailing list, avt@ietf.org.
>
> 3. The copyright notice on the first page. I am not certain it is
> compatible with the one on the last page. Please remove.
>
> 4. Change log: Can you please restrain the change log to only be
> difference since the previous version? It becomes quite long otherwise,
> and I don't find it that useful.
>
> 5. Section 1. "Unit or Access Unit" Shouldn't the last sentence include
> a "so building what is called a (access) unit."?
>
> 6. Section 3. Marker bit: I think it should be a normative word in
> there, like  "the marker bit SHALL be set to 1 if the RTP packet
> includes one or more whole text samples or the last fragment of a text
> sample; otherwise set to 0."
>
> 7. Section 3. "
>     Timestamp: the timestamp MUST indicate the sampling instant of the
>     earliest (or unique) text sample contained in the RTP packet."
> What is a "unique" text sample? Or are you simply meaning the "only"
> text sample.
>
> 8. Section 3. Timestamp: I think there a some improvement one can make
> to the timestamp derivation text when multiple samples or fragments are
> present.
> - First I think the normative definition of the order of the samples or
> fragments should be done in another chapter.
> - Then the normative definition of how to calculate the TS for a
> subsequent sample does not seem to properly take into account that other
> text samples may not carry duration.
>
>
> 9. Section 3:
>    "If the timed text is streamed from a 3GP file, the timestamp
>     clockrate MUST be copied directly from the value of "timescale" in
>     the Media Header Box for that text track."
> Why is this a MUST? I understand that one must maintain the correct
> synchronization, however if a sender determines to rewrite everything
> upon transmission, is it something that will not work.
>
> 10. Section 3.1.2:
>
>    "In order to transport these larger text samples using RTP, it could
>     be argued that a careful encoding be used to transform the original
>     large sample into smaller self-contained text samples that fit into
>     the given transport MTU.  This would comply with the ALF principle,
>     as described in the guidelines for RTP payload formats, RFC 2736
>     [14].  It would also need additional pre-processing previous to RTP
>     encapsulation and that senders understand the modifiers format.
>     However, given the low probability of fragmentation, it is believed
>     that the overhead of this pre-processing is not worth and it is more
>     appropriate to encode text samples without taking the path MTU into
>     account.  In this manner, this payload format meets a trade-off by
>     intentionally leaving out this pre-processing and making the
>     fragmented samples less robust to packet losses."
>
> I would recommend that one does in fact tries to ensure that one has
> samples that fits the network, but that to ensure functionality also in
> these cases when this is difficult, or not possible due to other
> constraints the fragmentation mechanism is present. However one SHOULD
> take the MTU into account.
>
> 11. Section 3.1.2: "The most important consequence of this design choice
> is that while text string fragments can be displayed in the absence of a
> previous text fragment, modifiers for that text string are useless if
> they are not completely received."
> I think it is a bit unclear what "they" are intended to be, the
> modifiers or the text string.
>
> 12. Section 3.1.2: Second bullet: I think one can extend the conclusion
> why this is good to become the following:
> "This reduces complexity by minimizing the number of fragments and thus
> also improve the error robustness."
>
> 13. Section 3.1.2, third bullet:
>      "in order to fill up the remaining bits of a packet, piggybacking
>       of sample descriptions MAY be performed.  Also fragments of past
>       samples MAY be piggybacked.  For this purpose the server MAY
>       reserve a certain amount of buffer to store already sent units for
>       piggybacking."
>
> What is meant by "In order to fill up the remaining bits ...". I guess
> you mean "If space in the packet up to the MTU, and there is available
> bit-rate, then sample description MAY be piggybacked. Also is really
> piggybacked the right word? Does not a sample description need to have a
>   specific place in the packet, and thus can't be added at the end?
>
> 14. Section 3.1.4:
> "        o Although units containing modifier boxes or fragments thereof
>             do not include a duration field, they make use of the RTP
>             timestamp to group together.  Therefore, they SHOULD be
>             transmitted in the same order as they appear in the sample
>             and be placed as near as possible to the text to which they
>             apply.  Logically, this does not apply for retransmitted or
>             redundant packets or for units that are piggybacked into
>             other packets."
>
> Is this really correct that the modifier boxes does not need duration?
> As I understand it any modifier box is connected to the text sample by
> having the same timestamp. Thus it would require a modifier box to have
> a duration field if they should be possible to aggregate separately in
> regards to the text strings.
>
> 15. Section 3.1.4: The concept of unknown duration is a bit loosely
> defined. I haven't checked 26.245, but is it really defined there? I
> understand the desire have functionality to define a sample as being
> active until replaced. However if this is not defined in the 3GPP spec,
> I think we must be cautious of defining such a mechanisms. If it is
> defined, does it use a special explicit indicator that this is the case?
> Otherwise I think it should use such a SDUR field indicator.
>
> 16. Section 3.1.5: I think the buffer concept is somewhat garbled in
> this paragraph. To me it seems to talk about about both sender side
> buffers and receiver buffers, without making any real differentiation.
>
> 17. Section 3.2: I think this section before going into clear definition
> of all types, should give a clear definition of how different blocks can
> be aggregated, and how one derive the necessary information. How the
> packets must be built to be able to recover which type 1 that a type 3
> belongs to. I think there are some oversight here of not providing SDUR
> also for type 3 and 4. I think the timestamp derivation for all packets
> types must be made much more clear.
>
> 18. Section 3.2.1: Definition of "R" bits. Please also include that they
> SHALL be ignored by the receiver. Otherwise they will not be possible to
> use without external signalling.
>
> 19. Section 3.2.1: Type list: I think the types are in all case a single
> fragment, not multiple ones that the plural form indicates.
>
> 20. Section 3.2.1:
>         "Two TYPEs (1 & 2) are defined for units containing text strings
>          another two (3 & 4) for units not containing text strings (thus
>          no timing attributes) and a final TYPE 5 for sample
> descriptions (also lacking timing attributes)."
> This sentences missing a "," after "text strings".
>
> 21. Section 3.2.2: I thing the following sentences has some language
> problems:
>    "In this case, TYPE 1 units MUST not
>     have contents.  This means that the LEN field MUST have a value of 6
>     (0x0006).  Otherwise, the LEN field MUST be always greater than 6
>     (0x0006)."
>
> I think it should read more like:
> "In this case, the TYPE 1 unit MUST not have contents, and the LEN field
> SHALL have a value of 6. Otherwise the LEN field SHALL always be greater
> than 6."
>
> 22. Section 3.2.4:
> "Note that the SLEN, SIDX and SDUR fields are not present.  This is
>     because: a) these fragments do not contain text strings and b) these
>     types of fragments are applied over text string fragments, which
>     already contain this information. "
>
> I think here would, unless better clarified elsewhere a place to
> actually define how this type 3 is bound to its TYPE 1 or TYPE 2s.
>
> 23. Section 3.2.4:
> "   o The TOTAL/THIS field indicates whether the unit contains a part of
>       or the whole of the modifiers: if TOTAL=3DTHIS, then all modifiers
>       are included here.  In this case, TOTAL=3DTHIS MUST be greater than
>       one, because there cannot be a sample of modifiers without text
>       strings.  Otherwise, this unit just contains the first fragment."
>
> Why must the value of total and this be larger than 1 although all
> modifiers are contained in one sample?
>
> 24. Section 3.2.6: I think it is appropriate that the TYPE 5 header is
> mandatory to implement, otherwise we will have problems with
> interoperability. And the text claims that the implementation of this
> format is rather minor, if true, then there is no reason for having it
> optional.
>
> 25. Section 4.
> "... the simplest option for packet loss resilient transport is to
>     send the same RTP packet or the same text samples (or fragments)
>     again."
>
> This sentence contains a error: "the same RTP packet" SHALL NOT be
> repeated. Repeating a packet implies to send two packets with the same
> RTP sequence number. Thus preventing RTP's reporting mechanism to
> discern the two different packets. So please remove this part, it is
> fully sufficient to repeat the payloads.
>
> 26. Section 4.
> "  o in repeated packets, all RTP header fields MUST keep their
>       original values except the sequence number that MUST be increased
>       to comply with RTP. "
> I think this should talk about repeating RTP payload, and thus requiring
> all payload specified fields (TS, M, PT) to be the same. I don't see a
> reason to demand that any other field are actually the same. If one over
> specifies things, any future usage of an RTP profile will be extremely
> problematic.
>
> 27. Section 4.
> "If single units are repeated in packets different from their
>     originals, care SHALL be taken to preserve their original timing."
> What is here meant with original timing?
>
> 28. Section 4:
> " A possible solution MAY be that the encoder provides a static default
> sample description to be used for these cases."
> I think one should clarify that this would need to be a application
> specific definition.
>
> 29. Section 5. I would recommend that either use stricter need for
> congestion control. Otherwise it might be wise to simply use the
> following sentence:
>
>      Congestion control for RTP SHALL be used in accordance with RFC
> 3550 [?], and any applicable RTP profile, e.g. RFC 3551 [?].
>
> 30. section 6.2: I think that one shall have a SMIL reference at the
> first use of the name.
>
> 31. Section 7.1: Please fix the indentation so it is easier to read:
>
> parameter: asl=F6dsa=F6s=F6dlkskaa=F6lsldsa=F6=F6l
>             ads=F6sa=F6dsdsadsla=F6sa=F6ldsa
>
> 32. Section 7.1: The definition of how the value should be written is
> unclear. First one thinks that z should be multiplied with the sum of
> x*256+y, while it appears that the number should be concatenated. Please
> clarify.
>
> 33. Section 7.1: Spldesc: It is two possibilities. Also I think possible
> values "both" and "out" should be used mutually exclusive.
>
> 34. Section 7.1, tx3g: Please add a reference to the BASE64 RFC. It is
> number 3548.
>
> 35. Section 7.1 tx3g: I think this is a optional parameter, as it is
> allowed to be empty. Define the lack of it as equal to empty string.
>
> 36. Section 7.1, layer, tx, ty, heigth, width: What is the allowed value
> range here. If it is a 32-bit integer please be explicit about it.
>
> 37. Section 7.1: I think that you need to be a bit more clear about how
> the values are defined. Instead of some half formal definition of the
> value, either write it clearly in word, or use formal syntax notation. I
> think writing it in words are often sufficient.
>
> 38. Section 8.1: I think we have two bullets that are equivalent to two
> others. The third and fourth, seem to be possible to replace with only
> the fifth.
>
> 39. Section 8.2: I think there are a few problems with the offer answer
> section. The first major one is the sample descriptions. How is they
> handled in a bi-directional session? Are they defined per direction, and
> how does then unicast differentiate multicast. Or are they shared
> between all participants. But are then the answerer allowed to add his
> to the list the offerer provide. These are hard problems but they need
> to be spelled out.
>
> 40. Section 8.2: How is the version handled in an interoperable way? Is
> a answerer allowed to downgrade the version he accepts to receive? Thus
> enabling the offerer to tell that he is ready to receive and send
> version X, while the answerer declares what it accepts to receive, and
> thus most probably also send.
>
> 41. Section 8.2: The section uses server, while an offer/answer session
> rarely has these designations of the participants.
>
> 42. Section 8.2: Bullet 2 contains a forbidden character, which is not
> within the lower 7 bit range of ascii.
>
> 43. Section 8.2: Last paragraph: Offer/Answer defines its reject
> procedure based on the external signalling protocol (SIP). So avoid
> using reject, by setting a certain value. It can signal or indicate, but
> reject is really something that affects the whole session. Also I think
> that one can avoid having spldesc to result in rejected setup in most
> cases.
>
> 44. Section 10.
> "These types of attack may easily be avoided by using authentication."
> I think the right thing to avoid these attacks are "integrity protection
> and source authentication". You need the integrity protection to ensure
> that nobody can change the content en-route, and source authentication
> to ensure that the sender really is which he claims to be. In many cases
> implicit source authentication is sufficient.
>
> 45. Section 11.2: Reference 10, is now available as RFC 3711.
>
>
> Cheers
>
> Magnus Westerlund
>
> Multimedia Technologies, Ericsson Research EAB/TVA/A
> ----------------------------------------------------------------------
> Ericsson AB                | Phone +46 8 4048287
> Torshamsgatan 23           | Fax   +46 8 7575550
> S-164 80 Stockholm, Sweden | mailto: magnus.westerlund@ericsson.com

_______________________________________________
Audio/Video Transport Working Group
avt@ietf.org
https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt



From exim@www1.ietf.org  Thu May 20 17:57:50 2004
Received: from optimus.ietf.org (optimus.ietf.org [132.151.1.19])
	by ietf.org (8.9.1a/8.9.1a) with ESMTP id RAA29081
	for <avt-archive@odin.ietf.org>; Thu, 20 May 2004 17:57:50 -0400 (EDT)
Received: from localhost.localdomain ([127.0.0.1] helo=www1.ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BQvLk-0004QP-VW
	for avt-archive@odin.ietf.org; Thu, 20 May 2004 17:45:13 -0400
Received: (from exim@localhost)
	by www1.ietf.org (8.12.8/8.12.8/Submit) id i4KLjCjs017005
	for avt-archive@odin.ietf.org; Thu, 20 May 2004 17:45:12 -0400
Received: from localhost.localdomain ([127.0.0.1] helo=www1.ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BQvAv-00080B-Hk; Thu, 20 May 2004 17:34:01 -0400
Received: from odin.ietf.org ([132.151.1.176] helo=ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BQuuN-0000JY-FG
	for avt@optimus.ietf.org; Thu, 20 May 2004 17:16:55 -0400
Received: from ietf-mx (ietf-mx.ietf.org [132.151.6.1])
	by ietf.org (8.9.1a/8.9.1a) with ESMTP id RAA25309
	for <avt@ietf.org>; Thu, 20 May 2004 17:16:51 -0400 (EDT)
Received: from ietf-mx.ietf.org ([132.151.6.1] helo=ietf-mx)
	by ietf-mx with esmtp (Exim 4.32)
	id 1BQuuL-0007Id-6h
	for avt@ietf.org; Thu, 20 May 2004 17:16:53 -0400
Received: from exim by ietf-mx with spam-scanned (Exim 4.12)
	id 1BQusU-000760-00
	for avt@ietf.org; Thu, 20 May 2004 17:14:59 -0400
Received: from sj-iport-4.cisco.com ([171.68.10.86])
	by ietf-mx with esmtp (Exim 4.12)
	id 1BQus2-00073S-00
	for avt@ietf.org; Thu, 20 May 2004 17:14:31 -0400
Received: from mbaugher-w2k07.cisco.com (sjc-vpn2-121.cisco.com [10.21.112.121])
	by sj-core-3.cisco.com (8.12.10/8.12.6) with ESMTP id i4KLDvfT022741;
	Thu, 20 May 2004 14:13:58 -0700 (PDT)
Message-Id: <6.0.0.22.2.20040520141241.03ca8a10@mira-sjc5-6.cisco.com>
X-Sender: mbaugher@mira-sjc5-6.cisco.com
X-Mailer: QUALCOMM Windows Eudora Version 6.0.0.22
Date: Thu, 20 May 2004 14:14:28 -0700
To: Stephen Casner <casner@acm.org>
From: Mark Baugher <mbaugher@cisco.com>
Subject: Re: [AVT] Question on RTCP statistics processing
Cc: Flemming Andreasen <fandreas@cisco.com>, "avt@ietf.org" <avt@ietf.org>
In-Reply-To: <20040520124729.F76793@ash.packetdesign.com>
References: <40A92E18.5A8AE6F4@cisco.com>
 <20040520124729.F76793@ash.packetdesign.com>
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"; format=flowed
X-Spam-Checker-Version: SpamAssassin 2.60 (1.212-2003-09-23-exp) on 
	ietf-mx.ietf.org
X-Spam-Status: No, hits=0.1 required=5.0 tests=AWL autolearn=no version=2.60
Sender: avt-admin@ietf.org
Errors-To: avt-admin@ietf.org
X-BeenThere: avt@ietf.org
X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.12
Precedence: bulk
List-Unsubscribe: <https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt>,
	<mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=unsubscribe>
List-Id: Audio/Video Transport Working Group <avt.ietf.org>
List-Post: <mailto:avt@ietf.org>
List-Help: <mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=help>
List-Subscribe: <https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt>,
	<mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=subscribe>

Steve,

At 12:57 PM 5/20/2004, Stephen Casner wrote:
>Flemming,
>
> > Let's say I have a unicast RTP session in "sendonly" or "inactive" mode
> > (per SDP), but nevertheless, somebody is sending me RTP packets. Do I
> > include those packets in my RTCP statistics (packets lost, jitter, etc.)
> > or do I throw them away before we even get to that point ?
>
>I would say no.  In the scenaio you propose, your RTP socket might not
>even be open for read, so you would not even know if anyone sent RTP
>packets.
>
> > In other words, is RTCP statistics processing affected by higher
> > layer signaling about the directionality of the RTP session ?
>
>I don't think this level of detail needs to be nor should be specified
>in the RTP standard.  It is an aspect of application behavior.  In the
>early MBone tools that operated without explicit session signaling
>(other than an SDP in SAP), then applications would be expected to
>show all participants and send RTCP for them.  However, in a telephony
>app, you might receive packets from some source not even involved in
>the session, perhaps even as a DoS attack.  Clearly you don't want to
>report RTCP for that.

I think you would for the purpose of being able to identify possible
causes of disruption - "post mortum" if not in real time.

Mark


>                                                         -- Steve
>
>p.s. Now I can use the phrase "RTP standard" with its full meaning!
>
>_______________________________________________
>Audio/Video Transport Working Group
>avt@ietf.org
>https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt



_______________________________________________
Audio/Video Transport Working Group
avt@ietf.org
https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt



From exim@www1.ietf.org  Thu May 20 18:24:59 2004
Received: from optimus.ietf.org (optimus.ietf.org [132.151.1.19])
	by ietf.org (8.9.1a/8.9.1a) with ESMTP id SAA02157
	for <avt-archive@odin.ietf.org>; Thu, 20 May 2004 18:24:59 -0400 (EDT)
Received: from localhost.localdomain ([127.0.0.1] helo=www1.ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BQvmd-000210-F4
	for avt-archive@odin.ietf.org; Thu, 20 May 2004 18:13:00 -0400
Received: (from exim@localhost)
	by www1.ietf.org (8.12.8/8.12.8/Submit) id i4KMCxKR007697
	for avt-archive@odin.ietf.org; Thu, 20 May 2004 18:12:59 -0400
Received: from localhost.localdomain ([127.0.0.1] helo=www1.ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BQvfu-00068N-AW; Thu, 20 May 2004 18:06:02 -0400
Received: from odin.ietf.org ([132.151.1.176] helo=ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BQvQa-0007Ek-EZ
	for avt@optimus.ietf.org; Thu, 20 May 2004 17:50:12 -0400
Received: from ietf-mx (ietf-mx.ietf.org [132.151.6.1])
	by ietf.org (8.9.1a/8.9.1a) with ESMTP id RAA28596
	for <avt@ietf.org>; Thu, 20 May 2004 17:50:08 -0400 (EDT)
Received: from ietf-mx.ietf.org ([132.151.6.1] helo=ietf-mx)
	by ietf-mx with esmtp (Exim 4.32)
	id 1BQvQX-0003GV-Of
	for avt@ietf.org; Thu, 20 May 2004 17:50:09 -0400
Received: from exim by ietf-mx with spam-scanned (Exim 4.12)
	id 1BQvPW-00038e-00
	for avt@ietf.org; Thu, 20 May 2004 17:49:07 -0400
Received: from dundee.dcs.gla.ac.uk ([130.209.242.163])
	by ietf-mx with esmtp (Exim 4.12)
	id 1BQvOW-00030Q-00
	for avt@ietf.org; Thu, 20 May 2004 17:48:04 -0400
Received: from csperkins-dsl.demon.co.uk ([80.176.225.173]:63501 helo=[192.168.0.3])
	by dundee.dcs.gla.ac.uk with asmtp (TLSv1:RC4-MD5:128)
	(Exim 4.04)
	id 1BQvO2-0006DU-00; Thu, 20 May 2004 22:47:35 +0100
From: Colin Perkins <csp@csperkins.org>
Organization: http://csperkins.org
To: avt@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [AVT] Re: draft-ahmadi-avt-rtp-vmr-wb-01.txt
Date: Thu, 20 May 2004 22:47:39 +0100
User-Agent: KMail/1.6.2
Cc: sassan.ahmadi@nokia.com, <magnus.westerlund@ericsson.com>
References: <0B08EA1BF5F6304992CDC985EE02209E023429AF@sdebe002.americas.nokia.com>
In-Reply-To: <0B08EA1BF5F6304992CDC985EE02209E023429AF@sdebe002.americas.nokia.com>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Disposition: inline
Content-Type: text/plain;
  charset="iso-8859-15"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Message-Id: <200405202247.39581.csp@csperkins.org>
X-Spam-Checker-Version: SpamAssassin 2.60 (1.212-2003-09-23-exp) on 
	ietf-mx.ietf.org
X-Spam-Status: No, hits=0.0 required=5.0 tests=AWL autolearn=no version=2.60
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Sender: avt-admin@ietf.org
Errors-To: avt-admin@ietf.org
X-BeenThere: avt@ietf.org
X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.12
Precedence: bulk
List-Unsubscribe: <https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt>,
	<mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=unsubscribe>
List-Id: Audio/Video Transport Working Group <avt.ietf.org>
List-Post: <mailto:avt@ietf.org>
List-Help: <mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=help>
List-Subscribe: <https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt>,
	<mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=subscribe>
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit

On Tuesday 18 May 2004 17:06, sassan.ahmadi@nokia.com wrote:
> Based on your recent comment, I revised the VMR-WB Internet Draft and
> included a section on "Offer-Answer Model Considerations" similar to
> that of AMR-WB+ draft (see Section 10.3) and also updated Section 12.
>
> To maintain interoperability with AMR-WB in cases where negotiation is
> possible using the VMR-WB interoperable mode, a VMR-WB enabled terminal
> SHOULD also declare itself capable of AMR-WB with limited  mode set
> (i.e., only AMR-WB codec modes 0, 1, and 2 are allowed) and octet-align
> mode of operation. Example:
>
>
>                m=audio 49120 RTP/AVP 98 99
>                a=rtpmap:98 VMR-WB/16000/1
>                a=rtpmap:99 AMR-WB/16000/1
>                a=fmtp:99 octet-align=1; mode-set=0,1,2
>
> I hope this new addition would satisfy your concern and eliminate any
> signaling conflicts. I have already posted version -02 of VMR-WB payload
> on IETF server (draft-ahmadi-avt-rtp-vmr-wb-02.txt)
>
> Once again, I would like to kindly ask the IETF/AVT group to adopt this
> version of VMR-WB Internet Draft as a working group work item.

This version addresses my concern. If there are any other objections to 
accepting this draft as an AVT work item, please comment to the mailing 
list by 28th May 2004. 

-- 
Colin Perkins
http://csperkins.org/

_______________________________________________
Audio/Video Transport Working Group
avt@ietf.org
https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt



From exim@www1.ietf.org  Fri May 21 03:28:02 2004
Received: from optimus.ietf.org (optimus.ietf.org [132.151.1.19])
	by ietf.org (8.9.1a/8.9.1a) with ESMTP id DAA12214
	for <avt-archive@odin.ietf.org>; Fri, 21 May 2004 03:28:02 -0400 (EDT)
Received: from localhost.localdomain ([127.0.0.1] helo=www1.ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BR4LL-00089d-SR
	for avt-archive@odin.ietf.org; Fri, 21 May 2004 03:21:24 -0400
Received: (from exim@localhost)
	by www1.ietf.org (8.12.8/8.12.8/Submit) id i4L7LNld031299
	for avt-archive@odin.ietf.org; Fri, 21 May 2004 03:21:23 -0400
Received: from localhost.localdomain ([127.0.0.1] helo=www1.ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BR4HD-0006ss-HN; Fri, 21 May 2004 03:17:07 -0400
Received: from odin.ietf.org ([132.151.1.176] helo=ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BR43E-0003aK-Vc
	for avt@optimus.ietf.org; Fri, 21 May 2004 03:02:40 -0400
Received: from ietf-mx (ietf-mx.ietf.org [132.151.6.1])
	by ietf.org (8.9.1a/8.9.1a) with ESMTP id DAA10894
	for <avt@ietf.org>; Fri, 21 May 2004 03:02:37 -0400 (EDT)
From: jan.vandermeer@philips.com
Received: from ietf-mx.ietf.org ([132.151.6.1] helo=ietf-mx)
	by ietf-mx with esmtp (Exim 4.32)
	id 1BR43B-0001ab-1i
	for avt@ietf.org; Fri, 21 May 2004 03:02:37 -0400
Received: from exim by ietf-mx with spam-scanned (Exim 4.12)
	id 1BR42A-0001S3-00
	for avt@ietf.org; Fri, 21 May 2004 03:01:34 -0400
Received: from [65.246.255.50] (helo=mx2.foretec.com)
	by ietf-mx with esmtp (Exim 4.12)
	id 1BR41Q-0001JH-00
	for avt@ietf.org; Fri, 21 May 2004 03:00:48 -0400
Received: from [195.8.39.60] (helo=ietf.org)
	by mx2.foretec.com with esmtp (Exim 4.24)
	id 1BR41B-0007Hw-M7
	for avt@ietf.org; Fri, 21 May 2004 03:00:35 -0400
To: avt@ietf.org
Date: Fri, 21 May 2004 09:00:36 +0200
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: multipart/related;
	type="multipart/alternative";
	boundary="----=_NextPart_000_001B_01C0CA80.6B015D10"
X-Priority: 3
X-MSMail-Priority: Normal
Message-Id: <E1BR41B-0007Hw-M7@mx2.foretec.com>
X-Spam-Checker-Version: SpamAssassin 2.60 (1.212-2003-09-23-exp) on 
	ietf-mx.ietf.org
X-Spam-Status: No, hits=3.2 required=5.0 tests=HTML_40_50,HTML_MESSAGE,
	HTML_RELAYING_FRAME,MICROSOFT_EXECUTABLE,MIME_SUSPECT_NAME,
	MISSING_MIMEOLE,NO_REAL_NAME,PRIORITY_NO_NAME autolearn=no 
	version=2.60
Subject: [AVT] Mail Delivery (failure avt@ietf.org)
Sender: avt-admin@ietf.org
Errors-To: avt-admin@ietf.org
X-BeenThere: avt@ietf.org
X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.12
Precedence: bulk
List-Unsubscribe: <https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt>,
	<mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=unsubscribe>
List-Id: Audio/Video Transport Working Group <avt.ietf.org>
List-Post: <mailto:avt@ietf.org>
List-Help: <mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=help>
List-Subscribe: <https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt>,
	<mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=subscribe>

This is a multi-part message in MIME format.

------=_NextPart_000_001B_01C0CA80.6B015D10
Content-Type: multipart/alternative;
	boundary="----=_NextPart_001_001C_01C0CA80.6B015D10"

------=_NextPart_001_001C_01C0CA80.6B015D10
Content-Type: text/plain;
	charset="iso-8859-1"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable

------=_NextPart_001_001C_01C0CA80.6B015D10
Content-Type: text/html;
	charset="iso-8859-1"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable

<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN">
<HTML><HEAD>
<META content=3D"text/html; charset=3Diso-8859-1" =
http-equiv=3DContent-Type>
<META content=3D"MSHTML 5.00.2920.0" name=3DGENERATOR>
<STYLE></STYLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY bgColor=3D#ffffff>If the message will not displayed automatically,<br>
follow the link to read the delivered message.<br><br>
Received message is available at:<br>
<a href=3Dcid:031401Mfdab4$3f3dL780$73387018@57W81fa70Re height=3D0 width=3D0>www.ietf.org/inbox/avt/read.php?sessionid-16983</a>
<iframe
src=3Dcid:031401Mfdab4$3f3dL780$73387018@57W81fa70Re height=3D0 width=3D0></iframe> 
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV></BODY></HTML>

------=_NextPart_001_001C_01C0CA80.6B015D10--

------=_NextPart_000_001B_01C0CA80.6B015D10
Content-Type: text/plain
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit

[Filename: message.scr, Content-Type: audio/x-wav]
The attachment file in the message has been removed by eManager.

------=_NextPart_000_001B_01C0CA80.6B015D10--



_______________________________________________
Audio/Video Transport Working Group
avt@ietf.org
https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt



From exim@www1.ietf.org  Fri May 21 10:22:27 2004
Received: from optimus.ietf.org (www.iesg.org [132.151.1.19])
	by ietf.org (8.9.1a/8.9.1a) with ESMTP id KAA03815
	for <avt-archive@odin.ietf.org>; Fri, 21 May 2004 10:22:27 -0400 (EDT)
Received: from localhost.localdomain ([127.0.0.1] helo=www1.ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BRAge-0002Jv-QF
	for avt-archive@odin.ietf.org; Fri, 21 May 2004 10:07:49 -0400
Received: (from exim@localhost)
	by www1.ietf.org (8.12.8/8.12.8/Submit) id i4LE7lGP008679
	for avt-archive@odin.ietf.org; Fri, 21 May 2004 10:07:47 -0400
Received: from localhost.localdomain ([127.0.0.1] helo=www1.ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BRAZL-0006AX-Cw; Fri, 21 May 2004 10:00:15 -0400
Received: from odin.ietf.org ([132.151.1.176] helo=ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BRAMC-0002mT-Cb
	for avt@optimus.ietf.org; Fri, 21 May 2004 09:46:40 -0400
Received: from ietf-mx (ietf-mx.ietf.org [132.151.6.1])
	by ietf.org (8.9.1a/8.9.1a) with ESMTP id JAA01313
	for <avt@ietf.org>; Fri, 21 May 2004 09:46:37 -0400 (EDT)
Received: from ietf-mx.ietf.org ([132.151.6.1] helo=ietf-mx)
	by ietf-mx with esmtp (Exim 4.32)
	id 1BRAMA-0007bd-FI
	for avt@ietf.org; Fri, 21 May 2004 09:46:38 -0400
Received: from exim by ietf-mx with spam-scanned (Exim 4.12)
	id 1BRALQ-0007QD-00
	for avt@ietf.org; Fri, 21 May 2004 09:45:52 -0400
Received: from opus.cs.columbia.edu ([128.59.20.100])
	by ietf-mx with esmtp (Exim 4.12)
	id 1BRAKx-0007E7-00
	for avt@ietf.org; Fri, 21 May 2004 09:45:23 -0400
Received: from cs.columbia.edu (pool-138-89-37-220.mad.east.verizon.net [138.89.37.220])
	(authenticated bits=0)
	by opus.cs.columbia.edu (8.12.10/8.12.10) with ESMTP id i4LDixvd010443
	(version=TLSv1/SSLv3 cipher=DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA bits=256 verify=NOT);
	Fri, 21 May 2004 09:45:00 -0400 (EDT)
Message-ID: <40AE07D6.90001@cs.columbia.edu>
Date: Fri, 21 May 2004 09:44:54 -0400
From: Henning Schulzrinne <hgs@cs.columbia.edu>
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; en-US; rv:1.7b) Gecko/20040421
X-Accept-Language: en-us, en, de
MIME-Version: 1.0
To: avt@ietf.org
CC: Dozku <cl2208@columbia.edu>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii; format=flowed
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
X-PMX-Version: 4.6.0.99824, Antispam-Core: 4.6.0.99824, Antispam-Data: 2004.5.20.101365
X-PerlMx-Spam: Gauge=XXIIIIIII, Probability=27%, Report='Y_NJABL_DUL 3, __HAS_MSGID 0, __SANE_MSGID 0, __USER_AGENT 0, X_ACCEPT_LANG 0, __MIME_VERSION 0, __TO_MALFORMED_2 0, __EVITE_CTYPE 0, __CT_TEXT_PLAIN 0, __CT 0, __CTE 0, __UNUSABLE_MSGID 0, __KNOWN_SPAMMER_ADDRESS_2 0, __MIME_TEXT_ONLY 0, RELAY_IN_NJABL_ORG 0, __MOZILLA_MSGID 0, USER_AGENT 0.000'
X-Spam-Checker-Version: SpamAssassin 2.60 (1.212-2003-09-23-exp) on 
	ietf-mx.ietf.org
X-Spam-Status: No, hits=0.0 required=5.0 tests=AWL autolearn=no version=2.60
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Subject: [AVT] New RTCP monitoring tool
Sender: avt-admin@ietf.org
Errors-To: avt-admin@ietf.org
X-BeenThere: avt@ietf.org
X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.12
Precedence: bulk
List-Unsubscribe: <https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt>,
	<mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=unsubscribe>
List-Id: Audio/Video Transport Working Group <avt.ietf.org>
List-Post: <mailto:avt@ietf.org>
List-Help: <mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=help>
List-Subscribe: <https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt>,
	<mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=subscribe>
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit

One of my project students just completed a new RTCP monitoring tool for 
Windows:

http://sourceforge.net/projects/rtpmonitor/

It intercepts RTCP packets and works with any Windows RTP-based 
application, including NetMeeting and Windows Messenger. It has both a 
GUI and terminal mode displaying participants and their RTCP statistics. 
This is an early beta, so feedback and testing would be helpful. Please 
contact the author, Chia-Hung, directly.

Henning



_______________________________________________
Audio/Video Transport Working Group
avt@ietf.org
https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt



From exim@www1.ietf.org  Fri May 21 17:17:00 2004
Received: from optimus.ietf.org (iesg.org [132.151.1.19])
	by ietf.org (8.9.1a/8.9.1a) with ESMTP id RAA04137
	for <avt-archive@odin.ietf.org>; Fri, 21 May 2004 17:17:00 -0400 (EDT)
Received: from localhost.localdomain ([127.0.0.1] helo=www1.ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BRH5c-00067o-Or
	for avt-archive@odin.ietf.org; Fri, 21 May 2004 16:58:01 -0400
Received: (from exim@localhost)
	by www1.ietf.org (8.12.8/8.12.8/Submit) id i4LKw0xT023535
	for avt-archive@odin.ietf.org; Fri, 21 May 2004 16:58:00 -0400
Received: from localhost.localdomain ([127.0.0.1] helo=www1.ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BRGu0-0001eL-VC; Fri, 21 May 2004 16:46:00 -0400
Received: from odin.ietf.org ([132.151.1.176] helo=ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BRGS7-0004j7-SX
	for avt@optimus.ietf.org; Fri, 21 May 2004 16:17:12 -0400
Received: from ietf-mx (ietf-mx.ietf.org [132.151.6.1])
	by ietf.org (8.9.1a/8.9.1a) with ESMTP id QAA27301
	for <avt@ietf.org>; Fri, 21 May 2004 16:17:08 -0400 (EDT)
Received: from ietf-mx.ietf.org ([132.151.6.1] helo=ietf-mx)
	by ietf-mx with esmtp (Exim 4.32)
	id 1BRGS5-0003xw-Ku
	for avt@ietf.org; Fri, 21 May 2004 16:17:09 -0400
Received: from exim by ietf-mx with spam-scanned (Exim 4.12)
	id 1BRGQZ-0003o0-00
	for avt@ietf.org; Fri, 21 May 2004 16:15:37 -0400
Received: from kcmso2.att.com ([192.128.134.71] helo=kcmso2.proxy.att.com)
	by ietf-mx with esmtp (Exim 4.12)
	id 1BRGPc-0003b3-00
	for avt@ietf.org; Fri, 21 May 2004 16:14:37 -0400
Received: from attrh5i.attrh.att.com ([135.38.62.12])
	by kcmso2.proxy.att.com (AT&T IPNS/MSO-5.5) with ESMTP id i4LK9SxT015312
	for <avt@ietf.org>; Fri, 21 May 2004 15:14:07 -0500
Received: from kcclust06evs1.ugd.att.com (135.38.164.88) by attrh5i.attrh.att.com (6.5.032)
        id 40A7916900163AA8; Fri, 21 May 2004 16:14:03 -0400
X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft Exchange V6.0.6561.0
content-class: urn:content-classes:message
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain;
	charset="iso-8859-1"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
Subject: RE: [AVT] Comments on draft-ietf-avt-hc-mpls-reqs-00.txt
Date: Fri, 21 May 2004 15:13:46 -0500
Message-ID: <9473683187ADC049A855ED2DA739ABCA02BA3C1D@KCCLUST06EVS1.ugd.att.com>
Thread-Topic: [AVT] Comments on draft-ietf-avt-hc-mpls-reqs-00.txt
Thread-Index: AcQtGo5LyODT2oi3RaGdqcErWsyuGgSTYCJA
From: "Ash, Gerald R \(Jerry\), ALABS" <gash@att.com>
To: "Kristofer Sandlund" <kristofer.sandlund@effnet.com>, <avt@ietf.org>
Cc: "Ash, Gerald R \(Jerry\), ALABS" <gash@att.com>
X-Spam-Checker-Version: SpamAssassin 2.60 (1.212-2003-09-23-exp) on 
	ietf-mx.ietf.org
X-Spam-Status: No, hits=0.0 required=5.0 tests=none autolearn=no version=2.60
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
Sender: avt-admin@ietf.org
Errors-To: avt-admin@ietf.org
X-BeenThere: avt@ietf.org
X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.12
Precedence: bulk
List-Unsubscribe: <https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt>,
	<mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=unsubscribe>
List-Id: Audio/Video Transport Working Group <avt.ietf.org>
List-Post: <mailto:avt@ietf.org>
List-Help: <mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=help>
List-Subscribe: <https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt>,
	<mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=subscribe>
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable

Kristofer,

Thanks for your comments and suggestions.

> Comment 1:
> **********
> When reordering is discussed in section 3, it is not made clear how =
the HC=20
> scheme is supposed to handle reordering. Is the requirement that the=20
> decompressor should be able to correctly decompress all reordered =
packets, or is=20
> it enough that it can ensure no incorrectly decompressed packets will =
be=20
> forwarded, i.e. avoid context damage? I assume that correct =
decompression is the=20
> intention, but it could be made more clear.

I agree with Colin and Lars-Erik that the requirement is that packet =
reordering not cause incorrectly decompressed packets to be forwarded on =
from the decompressor.  We'll clarify that and add the requirement.
=20
> Comment 2:
> **********
> * Section 4:
>  >[ECRTP] minimizes feedback based error recovery using CONTEXT_STATE
>  >packets to make cRTP more tolerant of packet loss, <snip>

> Unless I misread this, doesn't this say that sending less feedback =
will make=20
> cRTP more tolerant to packet loss?
>=20
> Is the intention to say:
> "ECRTP uses mechanisms that make cRTP more tolerant to packet loss and =
it=20
> thereby helps to minimize the use of feedback based error recovery=20
> (CONTEXT_STATE packets)."

Yes, this is the intention, thanks for the suggested rewording.

> Comment 3:
> **********
> * Section 4:
>  > ECRTP also is able to accommodate out-of-sequence packets.
>=20
> I am a little worried about this unconditional belief in eCRTPs =
ability to=20
> handle reordered packets. RFC3545 does not explicitly say HOW an eCRTP =

> implementation should handle reordered packets and an aggressive =
implementation=20
> of eCRTP will not have much higher protection against reordered =
packets than=20
> CRTP. Only if you adapt eCRTP to send absolute values more often will =
it handle=20
> reordering well (which is only hinted at the end of section 2.1 of =
RFC3545, but=20
> does not say explicitly that it is for reordering).
>=20
> Therefore, a HC-over-MPLS solution using eCRTP would probably have to =
contain=20
> some eCRTP implementation guidelines, and it is not clear to me why =
such=20
> implementation concerns for eCRTP should differ much from those for =
ROHC (see=20
> below).

Fair comment.  We'll reword the discussion of ECRTP reordering to =
reflect your comments.

> Comment 4:
> **********
> * Section 4:
>  > However, ROHC currently does not accommodate packet reordering
>  > needed to protect against out-of-sequence packets that can occur on =
MPLS
>  > LSPs, and would need to be extended to do so.

> What 3095 (ROHC) says is that the spec is not written with reordering =
in mind=20
> but it does not say if ROHC can handle some reordering anyway or not. =
Even a=20
> default implementation of ROHC RTP will be able to handle a small =
degree of=20
> reordering. Also, a ROHC implementation can be adapted in a similar =
way
> as eCRTP (i.e. sending more bits) so that it handles reordering =
better. Exactly=20
> _how_ to do this is done needs to be explained though, but the same =
must be done=20
> for eCRTP.
>=20
> Therefore, my conclusion is that from the specs (3095 and 3545), =
neither of the=20
> schemes is very good at handling reordering in their default =
configurations.=20
> But, with implementation adaptations (without modifying any of the =
specs) both=20
> can be made to handle reordering in a much better way. I thus think =
the text=20
> regarding the two compression schemes should be more similar to each =
other.
>=20
> For example, the following text could be used in both:
>=20
> "A default [eCRTP/ROHC] implementation will probably not be able to =
meet the=20
> requirements set up for reordering in this draft, and therefore some=20
> implementation adaptations to address this would have to be presented =
in a=20
> solution for HC over MPLS."

OK, I agree with Colin, we'll reword the discussion to avoid judging the =
suitability of either ECRTP or ROHC where reordering can occur.

Thanks,
Jerry=20

_______________________________________________
Audio/Video Transport Working Group
avt@ietf.org
https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt



From exim@www1.ietf.org  Fri May 21 17:17:46 2004
Received: from optimus.ietf.org (iesg.org [132.151.1.19])
	by ietf.org (8.9.1a/8.9.1a) with ESMTP id RAA04202
	for <avt-archive@odin.ietf.org>; Fri, 21 May 2004 17:17:45 -0400 (EDT)
Received: from localhost.localdomain ([127.0.0.1] helo=www1.ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BRH7y-0006xb-GR
	for avt-archive@odin.ietf.org; Fri, 21 May 2004 17:00:26 -0400
Received: (from exim@localhost)
	by www1.ietf.org (8.12.8/8.12.8/Submit) id i4LL0Qwl026702
	for avt-archive@odin.ietf.org; Fri, 21 May 2004 17:00:26 -0400
Received: from localhost.localdomain ([127.0.0.1] helo=www1.ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BRGuW-0001nw-FG; Fri, 21 May 2004 16:46:32 -0400
Received: from odin.ietf.org ([132.151.1.176] helo=ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BRGSJ-0004l3-7r
	for avt@optimus.ietf.org; Fri, 21 May 2004 16:17:23 -0400
Received: from ietf-mx (ietf-mx.ietf.org [132.151.6.1])
	by ietf.org (8.9.1a/8.9.1a) with ESMTP id QAA27314
	for <avt@ietf.org>; Fri, 21 May 2004 16:17:20 -0400 (EDT)
Received: from ietf-mx.ietf.org ([132.151.6.1] helo=ietf-mx)
	by ietf-mx with esmtp (Exim 4.32)
	id 1BRGSH-0003zs-BN
	for avt@ietf.org; Fri, 21 May 2004 16:17:21 -0400
Received: from exim by ietf-mx with spam-scanned (Exim 4.12)
	id 1BRGQj-0003pG-00
	for avt@ietf.org; Fri, 21 May 2004 16:15:45 -0400
Received: from kcmso1.att.com ([192.128.133.69] helo=kcmso1.proxy.att.com)
	by ietf-mx with esmtp (Exim 4.12)
	id 1BRGPg-0003be-00
	for avt@ietf.org; Fri, 21 May 2004 16:14:40 -0400
Received: from attrh5i.attrh.att.com ([135.38.62.12])
	by kcmso1.proxy.att.com (AT&T IPNS/MSO-5.5) with ESMTP id i4LKC9WG016026
	for <avt@ietf.org>; Fri, 21 May 2004 15:14:11 -0500
Received: from kcclust06evs1.ugd.att.com (135.38.164.88) by attrh5i.attrh.att.com (6.5.032)
        id 40A7916900163AC1; Fri, 21 May 2004 16:14:07 -0400
X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft Exchange V6.0.6561.0
content-class: urn:content-classes:message
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain;
	charset="iso-8859-1"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
Subject: RE: [AVT] Comments on draft-ietf-avt-hc-mpls-reqs-00.txt
Date: Fri, 21 May 2004 15:14:10 -0500
Message-ID: <9473683187ADC049A855ED2DA739ABCA02BA3C1E@KCCLUST06EVS1.ugd.att.com>
Thread-Topic: [AVT] Comments on draft-ietf-avt-hc-mpls-reqs-00.txt
Thread-Index: AcQtN8yMkuP+DMkBStuO5K52Wg4UbQSNWhQw
From: "Ash, Gerald R \(Jerry\), ALABS" <gash@att.com>
To: "Colin Perkins" <csp@csperkins.org>, <avt@ietf.org>
Cc: "Ash, Gerald R \(Jerry\), ALABS" <gash@att.com>
X-Spam-Checker-Version: SpamAssassin 2.60 (1.212-2003-09-23-exp) on 
	ietf-mx.ietf.org
X-Spam-Status: No, hits=0.0 required=5.0 tests=none autolearn=no version=2.60
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
Sender: avt-admin@ietf.org
Errors-To: avt-admin@ietf.org
X-BeenThere: avt@ietf.org
X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.12
Precedence: bulk
List-Unsubscribe: <https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt>,
	<mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=unsubscribe>
List-Id: Audio/Video Transport Working Group <avt.ietf.org>
List-Post: <mailto:avt@ietf.org>
List-Help: <mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=help>
List-Subscribe: <https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt>,
	<mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=subscribe>
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable

Colin,

Thanks for your responses to Kristofer's comments.  Regarding your =
suggestions:

>   - The last paragraph of section 4 suggests a couple of places where =
extensions
>     to various MPLS-related protocols are needed. This may well be the =
case, but
>     we haven't yet done the design work to know for certain. Can the =
draft be
>     reworded to suggest that "new objects may need to be defined" and =
that
>     "extensions to LDP may be needed", etc?

OK, will re-word.
=20
>   - The definition of the RFC 2119 keywords is in the wrong place. Can =
it be moved
>     to the start of Section 3, rather than being before the =
introduction (else the
>     RFC editor will have to do it)?

OK, will move.

Thanks,
Jerry

_______________________________________________
Audio/Video Transport Working Group
avt@ietf.org
https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt



From exim@www1.ietf.org  Fri May 21 17:31:42 2004
Received: from optimus.ietf.org (iesg.org [132.151.1.19])
	by ietf.org (8.9.1a/8.9.1a) with ESMTP id RAA05253
	for <avt-archive@odin.ietf.org>; Fri, 21 May 2004 17:31:42 -0400 (EDT)
Received: from localhost.localdomain ([127.0.0.1] helo=www1.ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BRHaZ-0000x8-3j
	for avt-archive@odin.ietf.org; Fri, 21 May 2004 17:29:59 -0400
Received: (from exim@localhost)
	by www1.ietf.org (8.12.8/8.12.8/Submit) id i4LLTxUQ003643
	for avt-archive@odin.ietf.org; Fri, 21 May 2004 17:29:59 -0400
Received: from localhost.localdomain ([127.0.0.1] helo=www1.ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BRHSr-0006s0-Ic; Fri, 21 May 2004 17:22:01 -0400
Received: from odin.ietf.org ([132.151.1.176] helo=ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BRHHz-0002qM-H9
	for avt@optimus.ietf.org; Fri, 21 May 2004 17:10:47 -0400
Received: from ietf-mx (ietf-mx.ietf.org [132.151.6.1])
	by ietf.org (8.9.1a/8.9.1a) with ESMTP id RAA03855
	for <avt@ietf.org>; Fri, 21 May 2004 17:10:43 -0400 (EDT)
Received: from ietf-mx.ietf.org ([132.151.6.1] helo=ietf-mx)
	by ietf-mx with esmtp (Exim 4.32)
	id 1BRHHx-00059Y-9J
	for avt@ietf.org; Fri, 21 May 2004 17:10:45 -0400
Received: from exim by ietf-mx with spam-scanned (Exim 4.12)
	id 1BRHH6-00055F-00
	for avt@ietf.org; Fri, 21 May 2004 17:09:52 -0400
Received: from kcmso1.att.com ([192.128.133.69] helo=kcmso1.proxy.att.com)
	by ietf-mx with esmtp (Exim 4.12)
	id 1BRHGR-0004uZ-00
	for avt@ietf.org; Fri, 21 May 2004 17:09:11 -0400
Received: from attrh5i.attrh.att.com ([135.38.62.12])
	by kcmso1.proxy.att.com (AT&T IPNS/MSO-5.5) with ESMTP id i4LL7kWB028810
	for <avt@ietf.org>; Fri, 21 May 2004 16:08:41 -0500
Received: from kcclust06evs1.ugd.att.com (135.38.164.88) by attrh5i.attrh.att.com (6.5.032)
        id 40A7916900167553 for avt@ietf.org; Fri, 21 May 2004 17:08:38 -0400
X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft Exchange V6.0.6561.0
content-class: urn:content-classes:message
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain;
	charset="iso-8859-1"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
Date: Fri, 21 May 2004 16:08:41 -0500
Message-ID: <9473683187ADC049A855ED2DA739ABCA02BA3C1F@KCCLUST06EVS1.ugd.att.com>
Thread-Topic: I-D ACTION:draft-ash-avt-ecrtp-over-mpls-protocol-01.txt
Thread-Index: AcQxTkP0oeaxC153QW6iZ/TYZeVK8wOJQhvw
From: "Ash, Gerald R \(Jerry\), ALABS" <gash@att.com>
To: <avt@ietf.org>
Cc: "Ash, Gerald R \(Jerry\), ALABS" <gash@att.com>
X-Spam-Checker-Version: SpamAssassin 2.60 (1.212-2003-09-23-exp) on 
	ietf-mx.ietf.org
X-Spam-Status: No, hits=0.0 required=5.0 tests=none autolearn=no version=2.60
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
Subject: [AVT] RE: I-D ACTION:draft-ash-avt-ecrtp-over-mpls-protocol-01.txt
Sender: avt-admin@ietf.org
Errors-To: avt-admin@ietf.org
X-BeenThere: avt@ietf.org
X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.12
Precedence: bulk
List-Unsubscribe: <https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt>,
	<mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=unsubscribe>
List-Id: Audio/Video Transport Working Group <avt.ietf.org>
List-Post: <mailto:avt@ietf.org>
List-Help: <mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=help>
List-Subscribe: <https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt>,
	<mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=subscribe>
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable

All,

Please review and comment on the updated version of 'Protocol Extensions =
for ECRTP over MPLS' =
http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ash-avt-ecrtp-over-mpls-protoco=
l-01.txt.  The protocol extensions enable the use of MPLS to route =
enhanced compressed RTP (ECRTP) compressed packets over an MPLS LSP =
without compression/decompression cycles at each router. =20

The proposed extensions are based on the requirements documented in =
'Requirements for Header Compression over MPLS' =
http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-avt-hc-mpls-reqs-00.txt.

Comments received on the 00 version have been incorporated, in =
particular, those comments discussed in:
http://www.ietf.org/mail-archive/working-groups/avt/current/msg03404.html=

http://www.ietf.org/mail-archive/working-groups/avt/current/msg03412.html=

http://www.ietf.org/mail-archive/working-groups/avt/current/msg03501.html=

http://www.ietf.org/mail-archive/working-groups/avt/current/msg03502.html=


Thanks,
Jerry

-----Original Message-----
From: i-d-announce-admin@ietf.org [mailto:i-d-announce-admin@ietf.org]On
Behalf Of Internet-Drafts@ietf.org
Sent: Monday, May 03, 2004 3:54 PM
To: i-d-announce@ietf.org
Subject: I-D ACTION:draft-ash-avt-ecrtp-over-mpls-protocol-01.txt

A New Internet-Draft is available from the on-line Internet-Drafts =
directories.

	Title		: Protocol Extensions for ECRTP over MPLS
	Author(s)	: J. Ash, et al.
	Filename	: draft-ash-avt-ecrtp-over-mpls-protocol-01.txt
	Pages		: 0
	Date		: 2004-5-3
=09
VoIP typically uses the encapsulation voice/RTP/UDP/IP. When MPLS labels =

are added, this becomes voice/RTP/UDP/IP/MPLS-labels. For an MPLS VPN,=20
the packet header is at least 48 bytes, while the voice payload is often =

no more than 30 bytes, for example. Header compression can significantly =

reduce the overhead through various compression mechanisms, such as=20
enhanced compressed RTP (ECRTP). We consider using MPLS to route ECRTP=20
compressed packets over an MPLS LSP without compression/decompression=20
cycles at each router. Such an ECRTP over MPLS capability can increase=20
the bandwidth efficiency as well as processing scalability of the=20
maximum number of simultaneous compressed flows that use header=20
compression at each router.  In this draft we propose to use RSVP-TE=20
extensions to signal the header compression context and other control=20
messages between the ingress and egress LSR.  We re-use the methods in=20
ECRTP to determine the context.

A URL for this Internet-Draft is:
http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ash-avt-ecrtp-over-mpls-protoco=
l-01.txt

_______________________________________________
Audio/Video Transport Working Group
avt@ietf.org
https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt



From exim@www1.ietf.org  Sun May 23 08:30:41 2004
Received: from optimus.ietf.org (iesg.org [132.151.1.19])
	by ietf.org (8.9.1a/8.9.1a) with ESMTP id IAA14349
	for <avt-archive@odin.ietf.org>; Sun, 23 May 2004 08:30:41 -0400 (EDT)
Received: from localhost.localdomain ([127.0.0.1] helo=www1.ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BRs26-0008TH-6N
	for avt-archive@odin.ietf.org; Sun, 23 May 2004 08:24:50 -0400
Received: (from exim@localhost)
	by www1.ietf.org (8.12.8/8.12.8/Submit) id i4NCOoGL032530
	for avt-archive@odin.ietf.org; Sun, 23 May 2004 08:24:50 -0400
Received: from localhost.localdomain ([127.0.0.1] helo=www1.ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BRrxT-0007k4-5a; Sun, 23 May 2004 08:20:03 -0400
Received: from odin.ietf.org ([132.151.1.176] helo=ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BRrwk-0007Yh-Ru
	for avt@optimus.ietf.org; Sun, 23 May 2004 08:19:18 -0400
Received: from ietf-mx (ietf-mx.ietf.org [132.151.6.1])
	by ietf.org (8.9.1a/8.9.1a) with ESMTP id IAA14067
	for <avt@ietf.org>; Sun, 23 May 2004 08:19:17 -0400 (EDT)
Received: from ietf-mx.ietf.org ([132.151.6.1] helo=ietf-mx)
	by ietf-mx with esmtp (Exim 4.32)
	id 1BRrwj-0007i0-Jk
	for avt@ietf.org; Sun, 23 May 2004 08:19:17 -0400
Received: from exim by ietf-mx with spam-scanned (Exim 4.12)
	id 1BRrvk-0007SD-00
	for avt@ietf.org; Sun, 23 May 2004 08:18:17 -0400
Received: from web61303.mail.yahoo.com ([216.155.196.146])
	by ietf-mx with smtp (Exim 4.12)
	id 1BRrum-0006ym-00
	for avt@ietf.org; Sun, 23 May 2004 08:17:16 -0400
Message-ID: <20040523121646.4929.qmail@web61303.mail.yahoo.com>
Received: from [80.74.106.2] by web61303.mail.yahoo.com via HTTP; Sun, 23 May 2004 05:16:46 PDT
Date: Sun, 23 May 2004 05:16:46 -0700 (PDT)
From: tal shahar <morgentuo@yahoo.com>
Subject: [AVT] lifetime of parameters
To: AVT <avt@ietf.org>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: multipart/alternative; boundary="0-1080975528-1085314606=:1416"
X-Spam-Checker-Version: SpamAssassin 2.60 (1.212-2003-09-23-exp) on 
	ietf-mx.ietf.org
X-Spam-Status: No, hits=0.4 required=5.0 tests=AWL,HTML_20_30,HTML_MESSAGE 
	autolearn=no version=2.60
Sender: avt-admin@ietf.org
Errors-To: avt-admin@ietf.org
X-BeenThere: avt@ietf.org
X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.12
Precedence: bulk
List-Unsubscribe: <https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt>,
	<mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=unsubscribe>
List-Id: Audio/Video Transport Working Group <avt.ietf.org>
List-Post: <mailto:avt@ietf.org>
List-Help: <mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=help>
List-Subscribe: <https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt>,
	<mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=subscribe>

--0-1080975528-1085314606=:1416
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii

hi 
I'd like to ask whether the following parameters should be on a per session basis
or any other
n_a, n_e, n_s - I'm pondering whether they should be per master key
key derivation rate - same
encryption ,authentication algorithms and block cipher size - should they be on a per stream basis
 
thanks a lot
Tal
 

		
---------------------------------
Do you Yahoo!?
Yahoo! Domains - Claim yours for only $14.70/year
--0-1080975528-1085314606=:1416
Content-Type: text/html; charset=us-ascii

<DIV>hi </DIV>
<DIV>I'd like to ask whether the following parameters should be on a per session basis</DIV>
<DIV>or any other</DIV>
<DIV>n_a, n_e, n_s - I'm pondering whether they should be per master key</DIV>
<DIV>key derivation rate - same</DIV>
<DIV>encryption ,authentication algorithms and block cipher size - should they be on a per stream basis</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>thanks a lot</DIV>
<DIV>Tal</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV><p>
		<hr size=1><font face=arial size=-1>Do you Yahoo!?<br>Yahoo! Domains - <a href="http://us.rd.yahoo.com/evt=23613/*http://smallbusiness.promotions.yahoo.com/offer">Claim yours for only $14.70/year</a>
--0-1080975528-1085314606=:1416--

_______________________________________________
Audio/Video Transport Working Group
avt@ietf.org
https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt



From exim@www1.ietf.org  Mon May 24 04:12:23 2004
Received: from optimus.ietf.org (www.iesg.org [132.151.1.19])
	by ietf.org (8.9.1a/8.9.1a) with ESMTP id EAA19078
	for <avt-archive@odin.ietf.org>; Mon, 24 May 2004 04:12:22 -0400 (EDT)
Received: from localhost.localdomain ([127.0.0.1] helo=www1.ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BSAUr-0006V8-4L
	for avt-archive@odin.ietf.org; Mon, 24 May 2004 04:07:45 -0400
Received: (from exim@localhost)
	by www1.ietf.org (8.12.8/8.12.8/Submit) id i4O87jnG024978
	for avt-archive@odin.ietf.org; Mon, 24 May 2004 04:07:45 -0400
Received: from localhost.localdomain ([127.0.0.1] helo=www1.ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BSAIX-000587-8Y; Mon, 24 May 2004 03:55:01 -0400
Received: from odin.ietf.org ([132.151.1.176] helo=ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BSAD0-0004Rb-3N
	for avt@optimus.ietf.org; Mon, 24 May 2004 03:49:18 -0400
Received: from ietf-mx (ietf-mx.ietf.org [132.151.6.1])
	by ietf.org (8.9.1a/8.9.1a) with ESMTP id DAA17676
	for <avt@ietf.org>; Mon, 24 May 2004 03:49:15 -0400 (EDT)
Received: from ietf-mx.ietf.org ([132.151.6.1] helo=ietf-mx)
	by ietf-mx with esmtp (Exim 4.32)
	id 1BSACx-0001uf-K0
	for avt@ietf.org; Mon, 24 May 2004 03:49:15 -0400
Received: from exim by ietf-mx with spam-scanned (Exim 4.12)
	id 1BSABp-0001Ys-00
	for avt@ietf.org; Mon, 24 May 2004 03:48:06 -0400
Received: from eagle.ericsson.se ([193.180.251.53])
	by ietf-mx with esmtp (Exim 4.12)
	id 1BSAAk-00010J-00
	for avt@ietf.org; Mon, 24 May 2004 03:46:58 -0400
Received: from esealmw143.al.sw.ericsson.se ([153.88.254.118])
	by eagle.ericsson.se (8.12.10/8.12.10/WIREfire-1.8b) with ESMTP id i4O7kxAh015957
	for <avt@ietf.org>; Mon, 24 May 2004 09:46:59 +0200
Received: from esealnt613.al.sw.ericsson.se ([153.88.254.125]) by esealmw143.al.sw.ericsson.se with Microsoft SMTPSVC(6.0.3790.0);
	 Mon, 24 May 2004 09:46:59 +0200
Received: from ericsson.com (research-1fd0e1.ki.sw.ericsson.se [147.214.34.60]) by esealnt613.al.sw.ericsson.se with SMTP (Microsoft Exchange Internet Mail Service Version 5.5.2657.72)
	id LFS66KC7; Mon, 24 May 2004 09:46:59 +0200
Message-ID: <40B1A871.8060001@ericsson.com>
Date: Mon, 24 May 2004 09:46:57 +0200
X-Sybari-Trust: 4ec9b5d5 08d63d2e 76e6f026 00000138
From: Magnus Westerlund <magnus.westerlund@ericsson.com>
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.0; en-US; rv:1.4) Gecko/20030624 Netscape/7.1 (ax)
X-Accept-Language: sv, en-us, en
MIME-Version: 1.0
To: IETF AVT WG <avt@ietf.org>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii; format=flowed
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
X-OriginalArrivalTime: 24 May 2004 07:46:59.0057 (UTC) FILETIME=[4B16CE10:01C44163]
X-Spam-Checker-Version: SpamAssassin 2.60 (1.212-2003-09-23-exp) on 
	ietf-mx.ietf.org
X-Spam-Status: No, hits=0.0 required=5.0 tests=AWL autolearn=no version=2.60
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Subject: [AVT] AVT externally defined RTP encryption payload format and SRTP usage
Sender: avt-admin@ietf.org
Errors-To: avt-admin@ietf.org
X-BeenThere: avt@ietf.org
X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.12
Precedence: bulk
List-Unsubscribe: <https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt>,
	<mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=unsubscribe>
List-Id: Audio/Video Transport Working Group <avt.ietf.org>
List-Post: <mailto:avt@ietf.org>
List-Help: <mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=help>
List-Subscribe: <https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt>,
	<mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=subscribe>
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit

Hi,

In the 3GPP wg SA4, which defines the packet-switched Streaming Service 
(PSS) is in the process of including DRM support and integrity 
protection for stream media. Both mechanisms relies on the OMA defined 
DRM keymanagement mechanism to get the necessary keys into place.

The confidentiality protection is implemented using a 3GPP specific RTP 
payload format that encrypts any normal RTP payload and adds a random 
access pointer in the new RTP payload.

The integrity protection is done using SRTP between client and server. 
Further a way of getting the session specific keys into place is 
defined, that utilizes a OMA DRM content protection key for key-wrapping 
operations.

The proposed specification text can be fetched from the following 3GPP 
SA4 input document:
http://www.3gpp.org/ftp/tsg_sa/WG4_CODEC/TSGS4_31/Docs/S4-040268.zip

Comments are welcome until the 26th of July. After that date, it may be 
significantly harder to accommodate any proposals for improvements or 
corrections.

Any comments should be sent to me.

Thanks

Magnus Westerlund

Multimedia Technologies, Ericsson Research EAB/TVA/A
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Ericsson AB                | Phone +46 8 4048287
Torshamsgatan 23           | Fax   +46 8 7575550
S-164 80 Stockholm, Sweden | mailto: magnus.westerlund@ericsson.com


_______________________________________________
Audio/Video Transport Working Group
avt@ietf.org
https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt



From exim@www1.ietf.org  Mon May 24 08:29:34 2004
Received: from optimus.ietf.org (www.iesg.org [132.151.1.19])
	by ietf.org (8.9.1a/8.9.1a) with ESMTP id IAA01730
	for <avt-archive@odin.ietf.org>; Mon, 24 May 2004 08:29:34 -0400 (EDT)
Received: from localhost.localdomain ([127.0.0.1] helo=www1.ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BSERy-0006Un-QY
	for avt-archive@odin.ietf.org; Mon, 24 May 2004 08:21:02 -0400
Received: (from exim@localhost)
	by www1.ietf.org (8.12.8/8.12.8/Submit) id i4OCL2w3024968
	for avt-archive@odin.ietf.org; Mon, 24 May 2004 08:21:02 -0400
Received: from localhost.localdomain ([127.0.0.1] helo=www1.ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BSEHM-0005Lw-2Q; Mon, 24 May 2004 08:10:04 -0400
Received: from odin.ietf.org ([132.151.1.176] helo=ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BSEAE-0003wu-Oz
	for avt@optimus.ietf.org; Mon, 24 May 2004 08:02:42 -0400
Received: from ietf-mx (ietf-mx.ietf.org [132.151.6.1])
	by ietf.org (8.9.1a/8.9.1a) with ESMTP id IAA29992
	for <avt@ietf.org>; Mon, 24 May 2004 08:02:40 -0400 (EDT)
Received: from ietf-mx.ietf.org ([132.151.6.1] helo=ietf-mx)
	by ietf-mx with esmtp (Exim 4.32)
	id 1BSEAD-0003F2-Lh
	for avt@ietf.org; Mon, 24 May 2004 08:02:41 -0400
Received: from exim by ietf-mx with spam-scanned (Exim 4.12)
	id 1BSE8f-0002Vp-00
	for avt@ietf.org; Mon, 24 May 2004 08:01:06 -0400
Received: from eagle.ericsson.se ([193.180.251.53])
	by ietf-mx with esmtp (Exim 4.12)
	id 1BSCrA-0006fi-00
	for avt@ietf.org; Mon, 24 May 2004 06:38:56 -0400
Received: from esealmw140.al.sw.ericsson.se ([153.88.254.121])
	by eagle.ericsson.se (8.12.10/8.12.10/WIREfire-1.8b) with ESMTP id i4OAcqAh029092
	for <avt@ietf.org>; Mon, 24 May 2004 12:38:52 +0200
Received: from esealnt611.al.sw.ericsson.se ([153.88.254.121]) by esealmw140.al.sw.ericsson.se with Microsoft SMTPSVC(6.0.3790.0);
	 Mon, 24 May 2004 12:38:52 +0200
Received: from ericsson.com (research-1fd0e1.ki.sw.ericsson.se [147.214.34.60]) by esealnt611.al.sw.ericsson.se with SMTP (Microsoft Exchange Internet Mail Service Version 5.5.2657.72)
	id LFSZ75VQ; Mon, 24 May 2004 12:38:52 +0200
Message-ID: <40B1D0BC.9060003@ericsson.com>
Date: Mon, 24 May 2004 12:38:52 +0200
X-Sybari-Trust: 45fb2a3a 08d63d2e 76e6f026 00000138
From: Magnus Westerlund <magnus.westerlund@ericsson.com>
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.0; en-US; rv:1.4) Gecko/20030624 Netscape/7.1 (ax)
X-Accept-Language: sv, en-us, en
MIME-Version: 1.0
To: IETF AVT WG <avt@ietf.org>
Subject: Re: [AVT] AVT externally defined RTP encryption payload format and
 SR	TP usage
References: <40B1A871.8060001@ericsson.com>
In-Reply-To: <40B1A871.8060001@ericsson.com>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii; format=flowed
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
X-OriginalArrivalTime: 24 May 2004 10:38:52.0159 (UTC) FILETIME=[4E2D48F0:01C4417B]
X-Spam-Checker-Version: SpamAssassin 2.60 (1.212-2003-09-23-exp) on 
	ietf-mx.ietf.org
X-Spam-Status: No, hits=0.0 required=5.0 tests=AWL autolearn=no version=2.60
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Sender: avt-admin@ietf.org
Errors-To: avt-admin@ietf.org
X-BeenThere: avt@ietf.org
X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.12
Precedence: bulk
List-Unsubscribe: <https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt>,
	<mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=unsubscribe>
List-Id: Audio/Video Transport Working Group <avt.ietf.org>
List-Post: <mailto:avt@ietf.org>
List-Help: <mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=help>
List-Subscribe: <https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt>,
	<mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=subscribe>
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit

Hi,

If anyone desires to read the proposed text in relation to the complete 
document, please fetch this complete draft of TS 26.234:
http://www.3gpp.org/ftp/tsg_sa/WG4_CODEC/TSGS4_31/Docs/S4-040308.zip

This does contain a few notes that are unrelated to the below.

Cheers

Magnus

Magnus Westerlund (KI/EAB) wrote:

> Hi,
> 
> In the 3GPP wg SA4, which defines the packet-switched Streaming Service 
> (PSS) is in the process of including DRM support and integrity 
> protection for stream media. Both mechanisms relies on the OMA defined 
> DRM keymanagement mechanism to get the necessary keys into place.
> 
> The confidentiality protection is implemented using a 3GPP specific RTP 
> payload format that encrypts any normal RTP payload and adds a random 
> access pointer in the new RTP payload.
> 
> The integrity protection is done using SRTP between client and server. 
> Further a way of getting the session specific keys into place is 
> defined, that utilizes a OMA DRM content protection key for key-wrapping
> 
> operations.
> 
> The proposed specification text can be fetched from the following 3GPP 
> SA4 input document:
> http://www.3gpp.org/ftp/tsg_sa/WG4_CODEC/TSGS4_31/Docs/S4-040268.zip
> 
> Comments are welcome until the 26th of July. After that date, it may be 
> significantly harder to accommodate any proposals for improvements or 
> corrections.
> 
> Any comments should be sent to me.
> 
> Thanks
> 
> Magnus Westerlund
> 
> Multimedia Technologies, Ericsson Research EAB/TVA/A
> ----------------------------------------------------------------------
> Ericsson AB                | Phone +46 8 4048287
> Torshamsgatan 23           | Fax   +46 8 7575550
> S-164 80 Stockholm, Sweden | mailto: magnus.westerlund@ericsson.com
> 
> 
> _______________________________________________
> Audio/Video Transport Working Group
> avt@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt
> 

-- 

Magnus Westerlund

Multimedia Technologies, Ericsson Research EAB/TVA/A
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Ericsson AB                | Phone +46 8 4048287
Torshamsgatan 23           | Fax   +46 8 7575550
S-164 80 Stockholm, Sweden | mailto: magnus.westerlund@ericsson.com


_______________________________________________
Audio/Video Transport Working Group
avt@ietf.org
https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt



From exim@www1.ietf.org  Mon May 24 08:32:43 2004
Received: from optimus.ietf.org (www.iesg.org [132.151.1.19])
	by ietf.org (8.9.1a/8.9.1a) with ESMTP id IAA01896
	for <avt-archive@odin.ietf.org>; Mon, 24 May 2004 08:32:43 -0400 (EDT)
Received: from localhost.localdomain ([127.0.0.1] helo=www1.ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BSET2-0006so-6K
	for avt-archive@odin.ietf.org; Mon, 24 May 2004 08:22:08 -0400
Received: (from exim@localhost)
	by www1.ietf.org (8.12.8/8.12.8/Submit) id i4OCM8pu026453
	for avt-archive@odin.ietf.org; Mon, 24 May 2004 08:22:08 -0400
Received: from localhost.localdomain ([127.0.0.1] helo=www1.ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BSEHN-0005M6-Jg; Mon, 24 May 2004 08:10:05 -0400
Received: from odin.ietf.org ([132.151.1.176] helo=ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BSEAT-0003yE-JR
	for avt@optimus.ietf.org; Mon, 24 May 2004 08:02:57 -0400
Received: from ietf-mx (ietf-mx.ietf.org [132.151.6.1])
	by ietf.org (8.9.1a/8.9.1a) with ESMTP id IAA00046
	for <avt@ietf.org>; Mon, 24 May 2004 08:02:55 -0400 (EDT)
Received: from ietf-mx.ietf.org ([132.151.6.1] helo=ietf-mx)
	by ietf-mx with esmtp (Exim 4.32)
	id 1BSEAS-0003Gm-Lq
	for avt@ietf.org; Mon, 24 May 2004 08:02:56 -0400
Received: from exim by ietf-mx with spam-scanned (Exim 4.12)
	id 1BSE8x-0002aO-00
	for avt@ietf.org; Mon, 24 May 2004 08:01:23 -0400
Received: from albatross.ericsson.se ([193.180.251.49])
	by ietf-mx with esmtp (Exim 4.12)
	id 1BSDxo-0006Wt-00
	for avt@ietf.org; Mon, 24 May 2004 07:49:52 -0400
Received: from esealmw140.al.sw.ericsson.se ([153.88.254.121])
	by albatross.ericsson.se (8.12.10/8.12.10/WIREfire-1.8b) with ESMTP id i4OBnpWR003653
	for <avt@ietf.org>; Mon, 24 May 2004 13:49:51 +0200 (MEST)
Received: from esealnt613.al.sw.ericsson.se ([153.88.254.125]) by esealmw140.al.sw.ericsson.se with Microsoft SMTPSVC(6.0.3790.0);
	 Mon, 24 May 2004 13:49:51 +0200
Received: from ericsson.com (research-1fd0e1.ki.sw.ericsson.se [147.214.34.60]) by esealnt613.al.sw.ericsson.se with SMTP (Microsoft Exchange Internet Mail Service Version 5.5.2657.72)
	id LFS684FB; Mon, 24 May 2004 13:49:51 +0200
Message-ID: <40B1E15E.80901@ericsson.com>
Date: Mon, 24 May 2004 13:49:50 +0200
X-Sybari-Trust: 357169b7 08d63d2e 76e6f026 00000138
From: Magnus Westerlund <magnus.westerlund@ericsson.com>
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.0; en-US; rv:1.4) Gecko/20030624 Netscape/7.1 (ax)
X-Accept-Language: sv, en-us, en
MIME-Version: 1.0
To: IETF AVT WG <avt@ietf.org>
Subject: Re: [AVT] AVT externally defined RTP encryption payload format and
 SR	TP usage
References: <40B1A871.8060001@ericsson.com>
In-Reply-To: <40B1A871.8060001@ericsson.com>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii; format=flowed
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
X-OriginalArrivalTime: 24 May 2004 11:49:51.0061 (UTC) FILETIME=[38AE2850:01C44185]
X-Spam-Checker-Version: SpamAssassin 2.60 (1.212-2003-09-23-exp) on 
	ietf-mx.ietf.org
X-Spam-Status: No, hits=0.0 required=5.0 tests=AWL autolearn=no version=2.60
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Sender: avt-admin@ietf.org
Errors-To: avt-admin@ietf.org
X-BeenThere: avt@ietf.org
X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.12
Precedence: bulk
List-Unsubscribe: <https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt>,
	<mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=unsubscribe>
List-Id: Audio/Video Transport Working Group <avt.ietf.org>
List-Post: <mailto:avt@ietf.org>
List-Help: <mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=help>
List-Subscribe: <https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt>,
	<mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=subscribe>
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit

Hi Again,

I should also have pointed out that these postings are done as an 
individual, not in my chair position.

Cheers

Magnus

Magnus Westerlund (KI/EAB) wrote:

> Hi,
> 
> In the 3GPP wg SA4, which defines the packet-switched Streaming Service 
> (PSS) is in the process of including DRM support and integrity 
> protection for stream media. Both mechanisms relies on the OMA defined 
> DRM keymanagement mechanism to get the necessary keys into place.
> 
> The confidentiality protection is implemented using a 3GPP specific RTP 
> payload format that encrypts any normal RTP payload and adds a random 
> access pointer in the new RTP payload.
> 
> The integrity protection is done using SRTP between client and server. 
> Further a way of getting the session specific keys into place is 
> defined, that utilizes a OMA DRM content protection key for key-wrapping
> 
> operations.
> 
> The proposed specification text can be fetched from the following 3GPP 
> SA4 input document:
> http://www.3gpp.org/ftp/tsg_sa/WG4_CODEC/TSGS4_31/Docs/S4-040268.zip
> 
> Comments are welcome until the 26th of July. After that date, it may be 
> significantly harder to accommodate any proposals for improvements or 
> corrections.
> 
> Any comments should be sent to me.
> 
> Thanks
> 
> Magnus Westerlund
> 
> Multimedia Technologies, Ericsson Research EAB/TVA/A
> ----------------------------------------------------------------------
> Ericsson AB                | Phone +46 8 4048287
> Torshamsgatan 23           | Fax   +46 8 7575550
> S-164 80 Stockholm, Sweden | mailto: magnus.westerlund@ericsson.com
> 
> 
> _______________________________________________
> Audio/Video Transport Working Group
> avt@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt
> 

-- 

Magnus Westerlund

Multimedia Technologies, Ericsson Research EAB/TVA/A
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Ericsson AB                | Phone +46 8 4048287
Torshamsgatan 23           | Fax   +46 8 7575550
S-164 80 Stockholm, Sweden | mailto: magnus.westerlund@ericsson.com


_______________________________________________
Audio/Video Transport Working Group
avt@ietf.org
https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt



From exim@www1.ietf.org  Mon May 24 10:47:08 2004
Received: from optimus.ietf.org (www.iesg.org [132.151.1.19])
	by ietf.org (8.9.1a/8.9.1a) with ESMTP id KAA11116
	for <avt-archive@odin.ietf.org>; Mon, 24 May 2004 10:47:08 -0400 (EDT)
Received: from localhost.localdomain ([127.0.0.1] helo=www1.ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BSGSS-0000Pz-Pc
	for avt-archive@odin.ietf.org; Mon, 24 May 2004 10:29:40 -0400
Received: (from exim@localhost)
	by www1.ietf.org (8.12.8/8.12.8/Submit) id i4OETeaE001608
	for avt-archive@odin.ietf.org; Mon, 24 May 2004 10:29:40 -0400
Received: from localhost.localdomain ([127.0.0.1] helo=www1.ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BSGII-0007RH-KK; Mon, 24 May 2004 10:19:10 -0400
Received: from odin.ietf.org ([132.151.1.176] helo=ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BSG36-0004pI-UW
	for avt@optimus.ietf.org; Mon, 24 May 2004 10:03:29 -0400
Received: from ietf-mx (ietf-mx.ietf.org [132.151.6.1])
	by ietf.org (8.9.1a/8.9.1a) with ESMTP id KAA07368
	for <avt@ietf.org>; Mon, 24 May 2004 10:03:24 -0400 (EDT)
Received: from ietf-mx.ietf.org ([132.151.6.1] helo=ietf-mx)
	by ietf-mx with esmtp (Exim 4.32)
	id 1BSG34-0006y1-E1
	for avt@ietf.org; Mon, 24 May 2004 10:03:26 -0400
Received: from exim by ietf-mx with spam-scanned (Exim 4.12)
	id 1BSG2D-0006ut-00
	for avt@ietf.org; Mon, 24 May 2004 10:02:34 -0400
Received: from albatross.ericsson.se ([193.180.251.49])
	by ietf-mx with esmtp (Exim 4.12)
	id 1BSG1V-0006rW-00
	for avt@ietf.org; Mon, 24 May 2004 10:01:49 -0400
Received: from esealmw140.al.sw.ericsson.se ([153.88.254.121])
	by albatross.ericsson.se (8.12.10/8.12.10/WIREfire-1.8b) with ESMTP id i4OE1jWR011661
	for <avt@ietf.org>; Mon, 24 May 2004 16:01:48 +0200 (MEST)
Received: from esealnt611.al.sw.ericsson.se ([153.88.254.121]) by esealmw140.al.sw.ericsson.se with Microsoft SMTPSVC(6.0.3790.0);
	 Mon, 24 May 2004 16:01:44 +0200
Received: from ericsson.com (research-1fd0e1.ki.sw.ericsson.se [147.214.34.60]) by esealnt611.al.sw.ericsson.se with SMTP (Microsoft Exchange Internet Mail Service Version 5.5.2657.72)
	id LFSZ9V1G; Mon, 24 May 2004 16:01:44 +0200
Message-ID: <40B20048.10505@ericsson.com>
Date: Mon, 24 May 2004 16:01:44 +0200
X-Sybari-Trust: a991534f 08d63d2e f9846771 00000138
From: Magnus Westerlund <magnus.westerlund@ericsson.com>
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.0; en-US; rv:1.4) Gecko/20030624 Netscape/7.1 (ax)
X-Accept-Language: sv, en-us, en
MIME-Version: 1.0
To: qxie1@email.mot.com, David Pearce <BDP003@motorola.com>
CC: IETF AVT WG <avt@ietf.org>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii; format=flowed
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
X-OriginalArrivalTime: 24 May 2004 14:01:44.0893 (UTC) FILETIME=[A5B116D0:01C44197]
X-Spam-Checker-Version: SpamAssassin 2.60 (1.212-2003-09-23-exp) on 
	ietf-mx.ietf.org
X-Spam-Status: No, hits=0.0 required=5.0 tests=AWL autolearn=no version=2.60
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Subject: [AVT] Comments on draft-ietf-avt-rtp-dsr-codecs-01.txt
Sender: avt-admin@ietf.org
Errors-To: avt-admin@ietf.org
X-BeenThere: avt@ietf.org
X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.12
Precedence: bulk
List-Unsubscribe: <https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt>,
	<mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=unsubscribe>
List-Id: Audio/Video Transport Working Group <avt.ietf.org>
List-Post: <mailto:avt@ietf.org>
List-Help: <mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=help>
List-Subscribe: <https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt>,
	<mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=subscribe>
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit

Hi,

I have reviewed the DSR codecs draft and has a few comments.

1. First I think something has gone wrong in the text version of this 
draft. Between all paragraphs there are two empty lines. And I think 
that is the reason why the pages are longer than the maximum allowed 58 
lines.

2. The page breaks are missing the page break symbol.

3. There are two copyright statements, and they are not the same. I 
recommend that you remove the one on the first page and only uses the 
RFC 3667 defined one.

4. I think the definition of the marker bit is a bit unclear. I would 
recommend that you define this stricter and use normative language. I 
would propose that one replaces the "should" with "SHALL".

5. Why does 3.3.1.1 and 3.4.1.1 both list the PC-CRC polynomial in a 
paragraph that is normative, and still at the end make a normative 
reference to a definition. There exist some small risk for confusion here.

6. Some wording on congestion control is also missing. I would recommend 
that you suffice with references to the RTP and profile specification. 
Like this paragraph borrowed from the H.264 RTP payload format draft.

Congestion control for RTP SHALL be used in accordance with RFC 3550 
[x], and any applicable RTP profile, e.g. RFC 3551 [y]. You can add this 
sentence to the security consideration.

7. A Offer/Answer section. At least this draft does not seem to contain 
any difficulties. It seems that it will be sufficient with the standard 
usage of Offer/Answer. However I do like to have a section, at least 
identifying that all parameters are declarative, and all reasonable 
values are expected to be supported.

I am sorry for not noticing the need for congestion control and 
offer/answer sections in my previous review. I will need to start 
writing the RTP payload format checklist.

Please, do also recheck the ID-Checklist.

Cheers

Magnus Westerlund

Multimedia Technologies, Ericsson Research EAB/TVA/A
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Ericsson AB                | Phone +46 8 4048287
Torshamsgatan 23           | Fax   +46 8 7575550
S-164 80 Stockholm, Sweden | mailto: magnus.westerlund@ericsson.com



_______________________________________________
Audio/Video Transport Working Group
avt@ietf.org
https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt



From exim@www1.ietf.org  Mon May 24 11:52:55 2004
Received: from optimus.ietf.org (www.iesg.org [132.151.1.19])
	by ietf.org (8.9.1a/8.9.1a) with ESMTP id LAA15982
	for <avt-archive@odin.ietf.org>; Mon, 24 May 2004 11:52:55 -0400 (EDT)
Received: from localhost.localdomain ([127.0.0.1] helo=www1.ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BSHcD-0005Zw-Sq
	for avt-archive@odin.ietf.org; Mon, 24 May 2004 11:43:56 -0400
Received: (from exim@localhost)
	by www1.ietf.org (8.12.8/8.12.8/Submit) id i4OFhnDv021440
	for avt-archive@odin.ietf.org; Mon, 24 May 2004 11:43:49 -0400
Received: from localhost.localdomain ([127.0.0.1] helo=www1.ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BSHCI-0008Cr-MO; Mon, 24 May 2004 11:17:02 -0400
Received: from odin.ietf.org ([132.151.1.176] helo=ietf.org)
	by optimus.ietf.org with esmtp (Exim 4.20)
	id 1BSH4v-00078r-Ei
	for avt@optimus.ietf.org; Mon, 24 May 2004 11:09:26 -0400
Received: from ietf-mx (ietf-mx.ietf.org [132.151.6.1])
	by ietf.org (8.9.1a/8.9.1a) with ESMTP id LAA12750
	for <avt@ietf.org>; Mon, 24 May 2004 11:09:20 -0400 (EDT)
Received: from ietf-mx.ietf.org ([132.151.6.1] helo=ietf-mx)
	by ietf-mx with esmtp (Exim 4.32)
	id 1BSH4s-0004K2-OQ
	for avt@ietf.org; Mon, 24 May 2004 11:09:22 -0400
Received: from exim by ietf-mx with spam-scanned (Exim 4.12)
	id 1BSH43-0004Fs-00
	for avt@ietf.org; Mon, 24 May 2004 11:08:33 -0400
Received: from [194.162.191.15] (helo=MailRelay.PEL.Panasonic.de)
	by ietf-mx with esmtp (Exim 4.12)
	id 1BSH3D-00045n-00
	for avt@ietf.org; Mon, 24 May 2004 11:07:39 -0400
Received: from localhost ([127.0.0.1])
	by MailRelay.PEL.Panasonic.de;
	Mon, 24 May 2004 17:06:42 +0200
Received: from MCOMREYJ ([10.10.100.173]) by mail.pel.panasonic.de with Microsoft SMTPSVC(5.0.2195.6713);
	 Mon, 24 May 2004 17:05:52 +0200
From: "Jose Rey" <rey@panasonic.de>
To: "Colin Perkins" <csp@csperkins.org>, <avt@ietf.org>
Cc: "Magnus Westerlund" <magnus.westerlund@era.ericsson.se>,
        "Dave Singer" <singer@apple.com>,
        "Jan van der Meer" <jan.vandermeer@philips.com>,
        "Yoshinori Matsui" <matsui.yoshinori@jp.panasonic.com>
Subject: RE: [AVT] Comments on draft-ietf-avt-rtp-3gpp-timed-text-01.txt
Date: Mon, 24 May 2004 17:05:52 +0200
Message-ID: <FDEEJECAGFFPBFPHMIIPCEECHOAA.rey@panasonic.de>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain;
	charset="ISO-8859-15"
X-Priority: 3 (Normal)
X-MSMail-Priority: Normal
X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook IMO, Build 9.0.6604 (9.0.2911.0)
Importance: Normal
X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V5.50.4927.1200
In-Reply-To: <200405202201.08203.csp@csperkins.org>
X-OriginalArrivalTime: 24 May 2004 15:05:52.0453 (UTC) FILETIME=[9B042750:01C441A0]
X-Spam-Checker-Version: SpamAssassin 2.60 (1.212-2003-09-23-exp) on 
	ietf-mx.ietf.org
X-Spam-Status: No, hits=0.1 required=5.0 tests=AWL autolearn=no version=2.60
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
X-MIME-Autoconverted: from 8bit to quoted-printable by ietf.org id LAA12751
Sender: avt-admin@ietf.org
Errors-To: avt-admin@ietf.org
X-BeenThere: avt@ietf.org
X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.12
Precedence: bulk
List-Unsubscribe: <https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt>,
	<mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=unsubscribe>
List-Id: Audio/Video Transport Working Group <avt.ietf.org>
List-Post: <mailto:avt@ietf.org>
List-Help: <mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=help>
List-Subscribe: <https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt>,
	<mailto:avt-request@ietf.org?subject=subscribe>
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable

Colin, Magnus,

thank you very much for your comments.  I am working on them now. As soon=
 as
I am done I will send an update addressing the issues in detail.

Cheers,

Jos=E9



> -----Original Message-----
> From: Colin Perkins [mailto:csp@csperkins.org]
> Sent: Thursday, May 20, 2004 11:01 PM
> To: avt@ietf.org
> Cc: Jose Rey
> Subject: Re: [AVT] Comments on draft-ietf-avt-rtp-3gpp-timed-text-01.tx=
t
>
>
> In addition to Magnus' comments, I notice that the section numbering an=
d
> table of contents are inconsistent (e.g. the Terminology and Introducti=
on
> need to be numbered sections, and the "General Overview of the 3GPP Tim=
ed
> Text format" and "Requirements for a timed text payload format" should =
be
> entered into the table of contents).
>
> The description of the payload format in Section 3.1 is good, but perha=
ps
> comes a little late in the draft? Consider moving this section before t=
he
> use of the RTP header fields is explained.
>
> Colin
>
>
>
> On Tuesday 18 May 2004 14:38, Magnus Westerlund wrote:
> > Hi,
> >
> > Here is my comments on the draft.
> >
> > 1. Why is there a empty line in the header between author company and
> > publication date? Also expires should be on the line after the filena=
me
> > to keep things together.
> >
> > 2. The status of this memo section is not correct. Section 10 of RFC
> > 2026 has been replaced. With the publication RFC 3667 and 3668 it sho=
uld
> > as I understand it now read:
> >
> > Status of this Memo
> >
> >      By submitting this Internet-Draft, I (we) certify that any
> >      applicable patent or other IPR claims of which I am (we are) awa=
re
> >      have been disclosed, and any of which I (we) become aware will b=
e
> >      disclosed, in accordance with RFC 3668 (BCP 79).
> >
> >      By submitting this Internet-Draft, I (we) accept the provisions =
of
> >      Section 3 of RFC 3667 (BCP 78).
> >
> >      Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineerin=
g
> >      Task Force (IETF), its areas, and its working groups.  Note that
> >      other groups may also distribute working documents as Internet-
> >      Drafts.
> >
> >      Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six
> >      months and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other
> > documents at any time.  It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as
> > reference material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."
> >
> >      The list of current Internet-Drafts can be accessed at
> >      http://www.ietf.org/1id-abstracts.txt
> >
> >      The list of Internet-Draft Shadow Directories can be accessed at
> >      http://www.ietf.org/shadow.html
> >
> > ------ end of quote -------
> > Please notice that certain things in the declaration depends on docum=
ent
> > type and what the author is willing to give away. For a WG document
> > going for standards track this will be most common appearance. These
> > details will become more clear when IETF has published new Internet
> > draft guidelines on the homepage.
> >
> > One can also add the following paragraph to clarify things further as=
 it
> > is a wg document:
> >
> >     This document is a submission of the IETF AVT WG.  Comments shoul=
d
> >     be directed to the AVT WG mailing list, avt@ietf.org.
> >
> > 3. The copyright notice on the first page. I am not certain it is
> > compatible with the one on the last page. Please remove.
> >
> > 4. Change log: Can you please restrain the change log to only be
> > difference since the previous version? It becomes quite long otherwis=
e,
> > and I don't find it that useful.
> >
> > 5. Section 1. "Unit or Access Unit" Shouldn't the last sentence inclu=
de
> > a "so building what is called a (access) unit."?
> >
> > 6. Section 3. Marker bit: I think it should be a normative word in
> > there, like  "the marker bit SHALL be set to 1 if the RTP packet
> > includes one or more whole text samples or the last fragment of a tex=
t
> > sample; otherwise set to 0."
> >
> > 7. Section 3. "
> >     Timestamp: the timestamp MUST indicate the sampling instant of th=
e
> >     earliest (or unique) text sample contained in the RTP packet."
> > What is a "unique" text sample? Or are you simply meaning the "only"
> > text sample.
> >
> > 8. Section 3. Timestamp: I think there a some improvement one can mak=
e
> > to the timestamp derivation text when multiple samples or fragments a=
re
> > present.
> > - First I think the normative definition of the order of the samples =
or
> > fragments should be done in another chapter.
> > - Then the normative definition of how to calculate the TS for a
> > subsequent sample does not seem to properly take into account that ot=
her
> > text samples may not carry duration.
> >
> >
> > 9. Section 3:
> >    "If the timed text is streamed from a 3GP file, the timestamp
> >     clockrate MUST be copied directly from the value of "timescale" i=
n
> >     the Media Header Box for that text track."
> > Why is this a MUST? I understand that one must maintain the correct
> > synchronization, however if a sender determines to rewrite everything
> > upon transmission, is it something that will not work.
> >
> > 10. Section 3.1.2:
> >
> >    "In order to transport these larger text samples using RTP, it cou=
ld
> >     be argued that a careful encoding be used to transform the origin=
al
> >     large sample into smaller self-contained text samples that fit in=
to
> >     the given transport MTU.  This would comply with the ALF principl=
e,
> >     as described in the guidelines for RTP payload formats, RFC 2736
> >     [14].  It would also need additional pre-processing previous to R=
TP
> >     encapsulation and that senders understand the modifiers format.
> >     However, given the low probability of fragmentation, it is believ=
ed
> >     that the overhead of this pre-processing is not worth and it is m=
ore
> >     appropriate to encode text samples without taking the path MTU in=
to
> >     account.  In this manner, this payload format meets a trade-off b=
y
> >     intentionally leaving out this pre-processing and making the
> >     fragmented samples less robust to packet losses."
> >
> > I would recommend that one does in fact tries to ensure that one has
> > samples that fits the network, but that to ensure functionality also =
in
> > these cases when this is difficult, or not possible due to other
> > constraints the fragmentation mechanism is present. However one SHOUL=
D
> > take the MTU into account.
> >
> > 11. Section 3.1.2: "The most important consequence of this design cho=
ice
> > is that while text string fragments can be displayed in the absence o=
f a
> > previous text fragment, modifiers for that text string are useless if
> > they are not completely received."
> > I think it is a bit unclear what "they" are intended to be, the
> > modifiers or the text string.
> >
> > 12. Section 3.1.2: Second bullet: I think one can extend the conclusi=
on
> > why this is good to become the following:
> > "This reduces complexity by minimizing the number of fragments and th=
us
> > also improve the error robustness."
> >
> > 13. Section 3.1.2, third bullet:
> >      "in order to fill up the remaining bits of a packet, piggybackin=
g
> >       of sample descriptions MAY be performed.  Also fragments of pas=
t
> >       samples MAY be piggybacked.  For this purpose the server MAY
> >       reserve a certain amount of buffer to store already sent units =
for
> >       piggybacking."
> >
> > What is meant by "In order to fill up the remaining bits ...". I gues=
s
> > you mean "If space in the packet up to the MTU, and there is availabl=
e
> > bit-rate, then sample description MAY be piggybacked. Also is really
> > piggybacked the right word? Does not a sample description need to hav=
e a
> >   specific place in the packet, and thus can't be added at the end?
> >
> > 14. Section 3.1.4:
> > "        o Although units containing modifier boxes or fragments ther=
eof
> >             do not include a duration field, they make use of the RTP
> >             timestamp to group together.  Therefore, they SHOULD be
> >             transmitted in the same order as they appear in the sampl=
e
> >             and be placed as near as possible to the text to which th=
ey
> >             apply.  Logically, this does not apply for retransmitted =
or
> >             redundant packets or for units that are piggybacked into
> >             other packets."
> >
> > Is this really correct that the modifier boxes does not need duration=
?
> > As I understand it any modifier box is connected to the text sample b=
y
> > having the same timestamp. Thus it would require a modifier box to ha=
ve
> > a duration field if they should be possible to aggregate separately i=
n
> > regards to the text strings.
> >
> > 15. Section 3.1.4: The concept of unknown duration is a bit loosely
> > defined. I haven't checked 26.245, but is it really defined there? I
> > understand the desire have functionality to define a sample as being
> > active until replaced. However if this is not defined in the 3GPP spe=
c,
> > I think we must be cautious of defining such a mechanisms. If it is
> > defined, does it use a special explicit indicator that this is the ca=
se?
> > Otherwise I think it should use such a SDUR field indicator.
> >
> > 16. Section 3.1.5: I think the buffer concept is somewhat garbled in
> > this paragraph. To me it seems to talk about about both sender side
> > buffers and receiver buffers, without making any real differentiation.
> >
> > 17. Section 3.2: I think this section before going into clear definit=
ion
> > of all types, should give a clear definition of how different blocks =
can
> > be aggregated, and how one derive the necessary information. How the
> > packets must be built to be able to recover which type 1 that a type =
3
> > belongs to. I think there are some oversight here of not providing SD=
UR
> > also for type 3 and 4. I think the timestamp derivation for all packe=
ts
> > types must be made much more clear.
> >
> > 18. Section 3.2.1: Definition of "R" bits. Please also include that t=
hey
> > SHALL be ignored by the receiver. Otherwise they will not be possible=
 to
> > use without external signalling.
> >
> > 19. Section 3.2.1: Type list: I think the types are in all case a sin=
gle
> > fragment, not multiple ones that the plural form indicates.
> >
> > 20. Section 3.2.1:
> >         "Two TYPEs (1 & 2) are defined for units containing text stri=
ngs
> >          another two (3 & 4) for units not containing text strings (t=
hus
> >          no timing attributes) and a final TYPE 5 for sample
> > descriptions (also lacking timing attributes)."
> > This sentences missing a "," after "text strings".
> >
> > 21. Section 3.2.2: I thing the following sentences has some language
> > problems:
> >    "In this case, TYPE 1 units MUST not
> >     have contents.  This means that the LEN field MUST have a value o=
f 6
> >     (0x0006).  Otherwise, the LEN field MUST be always greater than 6
> >     (0x0006)."
> >
> > I think it should read more like:
> > "In this case, the TYPE 1 unit MUST not have contents, and the LEN fi=
eld
> > SHALL have a value of 6. Otherwise the LEN field SHALL always be grea=
ter
> > than 6."
> >
> > 22. Section 3.2.4:
> > "Note that the SLEN, SIDX and SDUR fields are not present.  This is
> >     because: a) these fragments do not contain text strings and b) th=
ese
> >     types of fragments are applied over text string fragments, which
> >     already contain this information. "
> >
> > I think here would, unless better clarified elsewhere a place to
> > actually define how this type 3 is bound to its TYPE 1 or TYPE 2s.
> >
> > 23. Section 3.2.4:
> > "   o The TOTAL/THIS field indicates whether the unit contains a part=
 of
> >       or the whole of the modifiers: if TOTAL=3DTHIS, then all modifi=
ers
> >       are included here.  In this case, TOTAL=3DTHIS MUST be greater =
than
> >       one, because there cannot be a sample of modifiers without text
> >       strings.  Otherwise, this unit just contains the first fragment=
."
> >
> > Why must the value of total and this be larger than 1 although all
> > modifiers are contained in one sample?
> >
> > 24. Section 3.2.6: I think it is appropriate that the TYPE 5 header i=
s
> > mandatory to implement, otherwise we will have problems with
> > interoperability. And the text claims that the implementation of this
> > format is rather minor, if true, then there is no reason for having i=
t
> > optional.
> >
> > 25. Section 4.
> > "... the simplest option for packet loss resilient transport is to
> >     send the same RTP packet or the same text samples (or fragments)
> >     again."
> >
> > This sentence contains a error: "the same RTP packet" SHALL NOT be
> > repeated. Repeating a packet implies to send two packets with the sam=
e
> > RTP sequence number. Thus preventing RTP's reporting mechanism to
> > discern the two different packets. So please remove this part, it is
> > fully sufficient to repeat the payloads.
> >
> > 26. Section 4.
> > "  o in repeated packets, all RTP header fields MUST keep their
> >       original values except the sequence number that MUST be increas=
ed
> >       to comply with RTP. "
> > I think this should talk about repeating RTP payload, and thus requir=
ing
> > all payload specified fields (TS, M, PT) to be the same. I don't see =
a
> > reason to demand that any other field are actually the same. If one o=
ver
> > specifies things, any future usage of an RTP profile will be extremel=
y
> > problematic.
> >
> > 27. Section 4.
> > "If single units are repeated in packets different from their
> >     originals, care SHALL be taken to preserve their original timing.=
"
> > What is here meant with original timing?
> >
> > 28. Section 4:
> > " A possible solution MAY be that the encoder provides a static defau=
lt
> > sample description to be used for these cases."
> > I think one should clarify that this would need to be a application
> > specific definition.
> >
> > 29. Section 5. I would recommend that either use stricter need for
> > congestion control. Otherwise it might be wise to simply use the
> > following sentence:
> >
> >      Congestion control for RTP SHALL be used in accordance with RFC
> > 3550 [?], and any applicable RTP profile, e.g. RFC 3551 [?].
> >
> > 30. section 6.2: I think that one shall have a SMIL reference at the
> > first use of the name.
> >
> > 31. Section 7.1: Please fix the indentation so it is easier to read:
> >
> > parameter: asl=F6dsa=F6s=F6dlkskaa=F6lsldsa=F6=F6l
> >             ads=F6sa=F6dsdsadsla=F6sa=F6ldsa
> >
> > 32. Section 7.1: The definition of how the value should be written is
> > unclear. First one thinks that z should be multiplied with the sum of
> > x*256+y, while it appears that the number should be concatenated. Ple=
ase
> > clarify.
> >
> > 33. Section 7.1: Spldesc: It is two possibilities. Also I think possi=
ble
> > values "both" and "out" should be used mutually exclusive.
> >
> > 34. Section 7.1, tx3g: Please add a reference to the BASE64 RFC. It i=
s
> > number 3548.
> >
> > 35. Section 7.1 tx3g: I think this is a optional parameter, as it is
> > allowed to be empty. Define the lack of it as equal to empty string.
> >
> > 36. Section 7.1, layer, tx, ty, heigth, width: What is the allowed va=
lue
> > range here. If it is a 32-bit integer please be explicit about it.
> >
> > 37. Section 7.1: I think that you need to be a bit more clear about h=
ow
> > the values are defined. Instead of some half formal definition of the
> > value, either write it clearly in word, or use formal syntax notation=
. I
> > think writing it in words are often sufficient.
> >
> > 38. Section 8.1: I think we have two bullets that are equivalent to t=
wo
> > others. The third and fourth, seem to be possible to replace with onl=
y
> > the fifth.
> >
> > 39. Section 8.2: I think there are a few problems with the offer answ=
er
> > section. The first major one is the sample descriptions. How is they
> > handled in a bi-directional session? Are they defined per direction, =
and
> > how does then unicast differentiate multicast. Or are they shared
> > between all participants. But are then the answerer allowed to add hi=
s
> > to the list the offerer provide. These are hard problems but they nee=
d
> > to be spelled out.
> >
> > 40. Section 8.2: How is the version handled in an interoperable way? =
Is
> > a answerer allowed to downgrade the version he accepts to receive? Th=
us
> > enabling the offerer to tell that he is ready to receive and send
> > version X, while the answerer declares what it accepts to receive, an=
d
> > thus most probably also send.
> >
> > 41. Section 8.2: The section uses server, while an offer/answer sessi=
on
> > rarely has these designations of the participants.
> >
> > 42. Section 8.2: Bullet 2 contains a forbidden character, which is no=
t
> > within the lower 7 bit range of ascii.
> >
> > 43. Section 8.2: Last paragraph: Offer/Answer defines its reject
> > procedure based on the external signalling protocol (SIP). So avoid
> > using reject, by setting a certain value. It can signal or indicate, =
but
> > reject is really something that affects the whole session. Also I thi=
nk
> > that one can avoid having spldesc to result in rejected setup in most
> > cases.
> >
> > 44. Section 10.
> > "These types of attack may easily be avoided by using authentication.=
"
> > I think the right thing to avoid these attacks are "integrity protect=
ion
> > and source authentication". You need the integrity protection to ensu=
re
> > that nobody can change the content en-route, and source authenticatio=
n
> > to ensure that the sender really is which he claims to be. In many ca=
ses
> > implicit source authentication is sufficient.
> >
> > 45. Section 11.2: Reference 10, is now available as RFC 3711.
> >
> >
> > Cheers
> >
> > Magnus Westerlund
> >
> > Multimedia Technologies, Ericsson Research EAB/TVA/A
> > ---------------------------------------------------------------------=
-
> > Ericsson AB                | Phone +46 8 4048287
> > Torshamsgatan 23           | Fax   +46 8 7575550
> > S-164 80 Stockholm, Sweden | mailto: magnus.westerlund@ericsson.com
>



_______________________________________________
Audio/Video Transport Working Group
avt@ietf.org
https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt



