
From nobody Wed Aug  5 10:58:40 2015
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--089e0111b2a2b92987051c9426e5
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Hi,

I see that this mailing list has 44 subscribers.  One of the key questions,
of course, is whether there is an active and energetic community of people
interested in doing the work to potentially standardize Babel.

>From the side-meeting, a point of having a mailing list was to discuss and
clarify the potential applicability of babel, the motivations for
standardizing it, and the work to be done to bring Babel to a proposed
standard.

Regards,
Alia

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<div dir=3D"ltr">Hi,<div><br></div><div>I see that this mailing list has 44=
 subscribers.=C2=A0 One of the key questions, of course, is whether there i=
s an active and energetic community of people interested in doing the work =
to potentially standardize Babel.</div><div><br></div><div>From the side-me=
eting, a point of having a mailing list was to discuss and clarify the pote=
ntial applicability of babel, the motivations for standardizing it, and the=
 work to be done to bring Babel to a proposed standard.</div><div><br></div=
><div>Regards,</div><div>Alia</div><div><br></div><div><br></div></div>

--089e0111b2a2b92987051c9426e5--


From nobody Mon Aug 10 01:31:56 2015
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From: Henning Rogge <hrogge@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 10 Aug 2015 10:31:22 +0200
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Hi,

the Babel developer team (and quite a few people interested in Babel
including me and Dave Taht) were on the Battlemesh
(www.battlemesh.org) in Slovenia last week... where we did tests with
5 mesh routing protocols including Babel.

so I expect the amounts of mails here to increase in the future.

Henning Rogge

On Wed, Aug 5, 2015 at 7:58 PM, Alia Atlas <akatlas@gmail.com> wrote:
> Hi,
>
> I see that this mailing list has 44 subscribers.  One of the key questions,
> of course, is whether there is an active and energetic community of people
> interested in doing the work to potentially standardize Babel.
>
> From the side-meeting, a point of having a mailing list was to discuss and
> clarify the potential applicability of babel, the motivations for
> standardizing it, and the work to be done to bring Babel to a proposed
> standard.
>
> Regards,
> Alia
>
>
>
> _______________________________________________
> babel mailing list
> babel@ietf.org
> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/babel
>


From nobody Mon Aug 10 05:58:43 2015
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One of the comments I saw from the battlemesh discussion is that the =
babel implementation that Juliusz has done has substantial tweaks to =
deal with the startup problem he described on WiFi networks.   Are those =
tweaks documented in the current specification?


From nobody Mon Aug 10 11:45:08 2015
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> One of the comments I saw from the battlemesh discussion is that the
> babel implementation that Juliusz has done has substantial tweaks to
> deal with the startup problem he described on WiFi networks.  Are those
> tweaks documented in the current specification?

I wouldn't call them substantial tweaks -- they are just two tradeoffs
between spam and fast convergence that I had gotten wrong initially.  (It
took me a long, long time to understand that theoretical convergence speed
is not the primary concern -- not breaking the medium is more important
than the theoretical worst-case convergence time.  Yeah, seems obvious in
hindsight.)

Concerning the noise at startup, RFC 6126 only has the following to say
(Section 3.8.2.4):

   In order to speed up convergence after a mobility event, a node MAY
   send a unicast wildcard request after acquiring a new neighbour.
   Additionally, a node MAY send a small number of multicast wildcard
   requests shortly after booting.

What I've learned since RFC 6126 was written is that a node SHOULD NOT do
that, at least not without implementing some other mechanism to avoid spam.

Additionally, 3.8.1.1 says

   When a node receives a wildcard route request, it SHOULD send a full
   routing table dump.

What is missing here (which I didn't know at the time) is that the full
route dump MAY be sent over either unicast or multicast, and that
multicast full table dumps MUST be rate limited.  (The current
implementation uses multicast, and does do rate limiting.)

As to the jitter, RFC 6126 is pretty clear.  Section 3.1 says

   The exact delay and amount of jitter applied to a packet depends on
   whether it contains any urgent TLVs.  Acknowledgement TLVs MUST be
   sent before the deadline specified in the corresponding request.  The
   particular class of updates specified in Section 3.7.2 MUST be sent
   in a timely manner.  The particular class of request and update TLVs
   specified in Section 3.8.2 SHOULD be sent in a timely manner.

and the informative appendix B adds the following:

   The amount of jitter applied to a packet depends on whether it
   contains any urgent TLVs or not.  Urgent triggered updates and urgent
   requests are delayed by no more than 200 ms; other TLVs are delayed
   by no more than one-half the Hello interval.

I think this section should contain some words of caution about reducing
the 200ms constant, at least on some media.

(Editorial note: the document is not quite clear that the "urgent" TLVs of
Appendix B are the ones that are sent "in a timely manner" in the body of
the document.)

Finally, RFC 6126 allows both unicast and multicast operation, and allows
both unreliable and acknowledged communication.  The current implementation
uses multicast almost exclusively, and doesn't use any acknowledged packets;
I still need to experiment with the alternatives.

I'd be cautious about making anything of the above normatively constrained,
since Babel interoperates just fine with differing time constants and
emission strategies, and I am optimistic that the algorithms of the
current implementation can be improved more.

-- Juliusz


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On Aug 10, 2015, at 2:45 PM, Juliusz Chroboczek =
<jch@pps.univ-paris-diderot.fr> wrote:
> I'd be cautious about making anything of the above normatively =
constrained,
> since Babel interoperates just fine with differing time constants and
> emission strategies, and I am optimistic that the algorithms of the
> current implementation can be improved more.

It seems reasonable to say "here are the parameters that we know work in =
practice, here are some examples of problems that occur if you use =
values more in this range, and we think that further tuning is =
possible," rather than making normative requirements, then, right?


--Apple-Mail=_5B3F9868-8AF5-452B-92B4-007C58BD2E99
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
Content-Type: text/html; charset="us-ascii"

<html><head><meta http-equiv=3D"Content-Type" content=3D"text/html =
charset=3Dus-ascii"></head><body style=3D"word-wrap: break-word; =
-webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line-break: after-white-space;" =
class=3D"">On Aug 10, 2015, at 2:45 PM, Juliusz Chroboczek &lt;<a =
href=3D"mailto:jch@pps.univ-paris-diderot.fr" =
class=3D"">jch@pps.univ-paris-diderot.fr</a>&gt; wrote:<div><blockquote =
type=3D"cite" class=3D""><div class=3D""><span style=3D"font-family: =
Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; =
font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; =
orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: =
none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; =
-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; float: none; display: inline =
!important;" class=3D"">I'd be cautious about making anything of the =
above normatively constrained,</span><br style=3D"font-family: =
Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; =
font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; =
orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: =
none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; =
-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;" class=3D""><span style=3D"font-family: =
Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; =
font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; =
orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: =
none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; =
-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; float: none; display: inline =
!important;" class=3D"">since Babel interoperates just fine with =
differing time constants and</span><br style=3D"font-family: Helvetica; =
font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: =
normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: auto; =
text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: =
normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: =
0px;" class=3D""><span style=3D"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; =
font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; =
letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: =
start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; =
widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; float: =
none; display: inline !important;" class=3D"">emission strategies, and I =
am optimistic that the algorithms of the</span><br style=3D"font-family: =
Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; =
font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; =
orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: =
none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; =
-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;" class=3D""><span style=3D"font-family: =
Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; =
font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; =
orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: =
none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; =
-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; float: none; display: inline =
!important;" class=3D"">current implementation can be improved =
more.</span><br style=3D"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; =
font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; =
letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: =
start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; =
widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;" =
class=3D""></div></blockquote></div><br class=3D""><div class=3D"">It =
seems reasonable to say "here are the parameters that we know work in =
practice, here are some examples of problems that occur if you use =
values more in this range, and we think that further tuning is =
possible," rather than making normative requirements, then, =
right?</div><div class=3D""><br class=3D""></div></body></html>=

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From nobody Tue Aug 11 16:16:48 2015
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The goal of this mail is to list what I think are the issues with the
current experimental Babel specification, RFC 6126, that should be fixed
before Babel can be standardised, as well as improvements that I think are
not needed.  I'll wait a few days to see if consensus emerges, then I'll
write up the results.

This mail is crossposted between the babel@ietf and babel-users mailing
lists.  I've directed replies to babel@ietf, to which you're encouraged to
subscribe:

    https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/babel


MUST be fixed
=============

Incorrect port number
---------------------

The RFC gives an incorrect port number.  There is an erratum to RFC 6126
to this effect.

Garbage collecting routes
-------------------------

RFC 6126 doesn't say when a route entry is garbage collected.  The answer
is -- it doesn't matter, just don't do it too early, but this needs to be
stated explicitly.

More precisely, a route entry SHOULD be garbage collected some time after
it is retracted and blackholed (as described in Section 3.5.5), a couple
of minutes is enough.  That is a SHOULD, since nothing bad will happen if
you don't -- you'll just run out of memory at some point.

(Do people think that this deserves an erratum?)

Ignoring extra data
-------------------

Section 4.3 is clear that extra data after the end of the contents of
a TLV MUST be silently ignored.  However, two respectable implementors
(Denis and Markus) got that wrong, so this needs to be made more
prominent.


Editorial changes
=================

Merging extensions into the base spec
-------------------------------------

Which, if any, of the currently defined extensions should be merged into
the base spec?  My opinion is that the extension mechanism should be
merged, but that the actual extensions should remain separate documents.

Describing the route selection algorithm
----------------------------------------

RFC 6126 states that designing a route selection algorithm for Babel is an
open research problem.  While this is still true, there should be an
informative appendix that describes the trivial algorithm (just pick the
route with the lowest metric) and the time-sensitive algorithm used since
version 1.4.0 of babeld since it is simple and appears to work well in
practice.

Including suggested metric values
---------------------------------

While suggested values for metrics on lossy links are described in
Appendix A.2.2, no such values are described for lossless links
(Appendix A.2.1).

Changing "metric" to "primary metric"
-------------------------------------

Babel is able to carry additional metrics in extension TLVs; the metric
used in the Metric field is merely the "primary metric", the one that is
used for loop avoidance and ensures interoperability between different
extensions (which can always fall back to the primary metric).  This
should be made clear in the base spec, especially if the extension
mechanism is merged.

Deprecating wildcard requests
-----------------------------

Wildcard requests are useful for debugging, but we now know that they
SHOULD NOT be used in normal operation.  Say that an implementation MUST
limit the rate at which it honours such requests, and recommend that they
SHOULD NOT be sent.

Rethinking recommendations about seqno requests
-----------------------------------------------

Loosen Section 3.8.2.1 -- the "SHOULD be multicast over all of the node's
attached interfaces" is what the reference implementation does, but the
spec should allow more parsimonious implementations.  This is far from
trivial to write.

Incompatible protocol changes
=============================

A Babel packet carries a protocol number, which it is possible to increase
if the protocol needs to change in an incompatible version.  I'd be
opposed to doing that, since it would severely impact the installed base
of Babel routers, and could cause a split in the community, as has
unfortunately happened with the OLSR community.

Using a wider primary metric
----------------------------

It has been suggested that the current 16 bits are not sufficient.
However, an extended metric can be as wide as will fit in a sub-TLV (255
octets).  The Babel-Z (diversity routing) metric, for example, has variable
width.

Unless you intend to put 65536 routers in a row, there is no need to
extend the primary metric.

Adding mandatory and transitive bits, as in BGP
-----------------------------------------------

There is currently no way to mark a sub-TLV of an Update TLV as mandatory,
as in BGP.  This has forced us to design the source-specific extension as
using a separate TLV, which is not very elegant.  However, the
source-specific extension would still have required new TLVs for requests.

Mandatory and transitive bits would make it easier to design an extension
that does BGP-style communities that are suitable for filtering, a feature
that has been requested by both the Italian and Slovenian communities.

I believe that the doubtful benefits that this provides do not justify an
incompatible protocol change.

Making source-specific routing part of the base spec
----------------------------------------------------

Source-specific routing uses its own set of TLVs, which are distinct from
the base protocol's TLVs.  Merging the two kinds of TLVs would yield
a slightly cleaner protocol, but would require putting source-specific
routing in the base spec.  I like small specs.

Removing prefix compression
---------------------------

Joel dislikes prefix compression.  I'm not sure I like it myself, but it
yields a massive traffic reduction in typical IPv6 networks, and costs
very little code.

Security considerations
=======================

There are at least four known ways to secure the Babel protocol:

  * lower-layer security (e.g. put a frightening guy or gal with
    a truncheon in front of each Ethernet plug, or use 802.1X);
  * HMAC authentication (RFC 7298);
  * Stenberg-style authentication (move everything to unicast except
    hellos, use DTLS);
  * use the replay protection from RFC 7298 together with statically keyed
    IPsec.

There are different tradeoffs between these techniques (reuse of existing
libraries vs. compact code, authentication only vs. privacy, etc.), so the
current plan is to implement them all and let the community decide.  I am
therefore strongly opposed to putting any security mechanism in the base
spec.


From nobody Tue Aug 11 16:35:19 2015
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Date: Wed, 12 Aug 2015 01:35:14 +0200
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I'm trying to do my best to put all available Babel resources on the Babel
web page:

   http://www.pps.univ-paris-diderot.fr/~jch/software/babel/

This contains links to three Babel-related RFCs and three I-Ds, as well as
some slides and papers.  Additions welcome.

In addition,

  * the babel-users mailing list is the best place to discuss
    implementation and deployment issues:

        http://lists.alioth.debian.org/mailman/listinfo/babel-users

  * there is a #babel channel on the FreeNode IRC network, where a number
    of Babel experts hang out and generally behave in a friendly manner.

-- Juliusz


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Subject: Re: [babel] Babel to standard
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> Which, if any, of the currently defined extensions should be merged into
the
> base spec?  My opinion is that the extension mechanism should be merged,
> but that the actual extensions should remain separate documents.

I would agree with this assessment -- the extension mechanism should be
merged in the base doc, but any actual extensions should be managed
separately. I would say each proposed extension needs a pretty clear use
case, a specification, and then an implementation report (if available), and
possibly some form of deployment experience draft (if available).

Smaller, more focused chunks are better than the long many page documents
we've been seeing a lot of recently.

> RFC 6126 states that designing a route selection algorithm for Babel is an
> open research problem.  While this is still true, there should be an
> informative appendix that describes the trivial algorithm (just pick the
route
> with the lowest metric) and the time-sensitive algorithm used since
version
> 1.4.0 of babeld since it is simple and appears to work well in practice.

Yes, definitely. Note that choosing a route across two metrics is, as I
understand it, unsolvable. This is the reason EIGRP uses the K values to
merge the metrics the user would like to actually deploy into a single
metric. Note also there needs to be some way to prevent oscillation between
the control plane and the data plane when you start playing with delay,
bandwidth utilization, etc., in the real world. These are nasty problems.

> Incompatible protocol changes
> =============================
> 
> A Babel packet carries a protocol number, which it is possible to increase
if
> the protocol needs to change in an incompatible version.  I'd be opposed
to
> doing that, since it would severely impact the installed base of Babel
routers,
> and could cause a split in the community, as has unfortunately happened
> with the OLSR community.

A protocol version? It would be simpler to have some sort of capabilities
negotiation here, possibly.

> Adding mandatory and transitive bits, as in BGP
> -----------------------------------------------
> 
> There is currently no way to mark a sub-TLV of an Update TLV as mandatory,
> as in BGP.  This has forced us to design the source-specific extension as
using
> a separate TLV, which is not very elegant.  However, the source-specific
> extension would still have required new TLVs for requests.
> 
> Mandatory and transitive bits would make it easier to design an extension
> that does BGP-style communities that are suitable for filtering, a feature
that
> has been requested by both the Italian and Slovenian communities.
> 
> I believe that the doubtful benefits that this provides do not justify an
> incompatible protocol change.

I would disagree... It's better to have some way for a device receiving an
update if it should ignore and potentially send an error, or if it should
try and process. If you don't have mandatory bits, then you don't have a way
to error out of a neighbor relationship. This means the receiver can either
just bounce the relationship and refuse to peer, which is really hard to
troubleshoot, or it can accept and ignore, which can also be really hard to
troubleshoot.

> Source-specific routing uses its own set of TLVs, which are distinct from
the
> base protocol's TLVs.  Merging the two kinds of TLVs would yield a
slightly
> cleaner protocol, but would require putting source-specific routing in the
> base spec.  I like small specs.

I would keep the specs separate, myself.

>   * lower-layer security (e.g. put a frightening guy or gal with
>     a truncheon in front of each Ethernet plug, or use 802.1X);
>   * HMAC authentication (RFC 7298);
>   * Stenberg-style authentication (move everything to unicast except
>     hellos, use DTLS);
>   * use the replay protection from RFC 7298 together with statically keyed
>     IPsec.
> 
> There are different tradeoffs between these techniques (reuse of existing
> libraries vs. compact code, authentication only vs. privacy, etc.), so the
> current plan is to implement them all and let the community decide.  I am
> therefore strongly opposed to putting any security mechanism in the base
> spec.

I would allow separate development in this area -- but it does need to be
done. I would look at requirements and solutions, and make a single
decision. Otherwise you fragment the implementations, as not every one of
these is as easy to implement as it might seem, and you might find holes
that need to be fixed in all four at some point. A single solution is
better, IMHO.

:-)

Russ



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Subject: Re: [babel] Babel to standard
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I've reordered your comments.

> I would say each proposed extension needs a pretty clear use case,
> a specification, and then an implementation report (if available), and
> possibly some form of deployment experience draft (if available).

That's not the way we work, here at Babel Towers.  We don't usually
develop an extension without an actual feature request from our users, and
we never freeze the protocol until we have both working code and
deployment experience.  We're very serious about that.

> A protocol version? It would be simpler to have some sort of capabilities
> negotiation here, possibly.

That's not how Babel works.  A Babel router simply ignores any routes it
doesn't grok.  In other words, capability negotiation happens at route
granularity, not at neighbour relationship granularity.

> Note that choosing a route across two metrics is, as I understand it,
> unsolvable. This is the reason EIGRP uses the K values to merge the
> metrics

A given router must use a single metric (at least in the absence of
TOS-specific routing and similar), granted, but distinct routers may use
different metrics.  This is analogous to routing policies in BGP.

> Note also there needs to be some way to prevent oscillation between the
> control plane and the data plane when you start playing with delay,
> bandwidth utilization, etc., in the real world. These are nasty
> problems.

Absolutely.  We have worked really hard on stability, this is described in
detail in

   Baptiste Jonglez, Matthieu Boutier (PPS), Juliusz Chroboczek.
   A delay-based routing metric.  Unpublished draft.  2014.
   http://arxiv.org/pdf/1403.3488

-- Juliusz


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From: Henning Rogge <hrogge@gmail.com>
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Subject: Re: [babel] [Babel-users]  Babel to standard
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On Wed, Aug 12, 2015 at 3:23 AM, Russ White <russ@riw.us> wrote:
>>   * lower-layer security (e.g. put a frightening guy or gal with
>>     a truncheon in front of each Ethernet plug, or use 802.1X);
>>   * HMAC authentication (RFC 7298);
>>   * Stenberg-style authentication (move everything to unicast except
>>     hellos, use DTLS);
>>   * use the replay protection from RFC 7298 together with statically keyed
>>     IPsec.
>>
>> There are different tradeoffs between these techniques (reuse of existing
>> libraries vs. compact code, authentication only vs. privacy, etc.), so the
>> current plan is to implement them all and let the community decide.  I am
>> therefore strongly opposed to putting any security mechanism in the base
>> spec.
>
> I would allow separate development in this area -- but it does need to be
> done.

I know that the OLSRv2 document was delayed by a long time because we
had planned to put security into a second document.

> I would look at requirements and solutions, and make a single
> decision. Otherwise you fragment the implementations, as not every one of
> these is as easy to implement as it might seem, and you might find holes
> that need to be fixed in all four at some point. A single solution is
> better, IMHO.

The problem is that the selected solution heavily depends on the
network you plan to deploy.

See here for the "compromise" that were used for OLSRv2:
https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7181#section-23.5

We should get a security AD involved before we decide "this is enough
for Standard Track Babel" and get an unpleasant surprise.

Henning Rogge


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Subject: [babel] [Off topic] MTI security
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CC restricted to babel@ietf

> See here for the "compromise" that were used for OLSRv2:
> https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7181#section-23.5

This section is being widely ignored in the wild, as far as I can tell.

The main effect of the insistence of the security people on MTI security
mechanisms is to train the users and implementers to ignore MUST
requirements in standard track RFCs.  I would like the security people to
make an empirical review of the effects of their actions before continuing
with this nonsense.

(DLEP, I'm looking at you.)

-- Juliusz


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From: Henning Rogge <hrogge@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 12 Aug 2015 12:21:32 +0200
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To: Juliusz Chroboczek <jch@pps.univ-paris-diderot.fr>
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Subject: Re: [babel] [Off topic] MTI security
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On Wed, Aug 12, 2015 at 11:37 AM, Juliusz Chroboczek
<jch@pps.univ-paris-diderot.fr> wrote:
> CC restricted to babel@ietf
>
>> See here for the "compromise" that were used for OLSRv2:
>> https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7181#section-23.5
>
> This section is being widely ignored in the wild, as far as I can tell.

Yes...

I have implemented the security extensions far later than the core
code and I don't think the suggested "shared secret HMAC" security is
more useful than pure layer-2 hop-by-hop security. And I definitely do
not suggest activating the shared-key security by default.

Especially because layer-2 security (e.g. WPA2 for 802.11 adhoc mode)
also provides security for the user traffic.

> The main effect of the insistence of the security people on MTI security
> mechanisms is to train the users and implementers to ignore MUST
> requirements in standard track RFCs.  I would like the security people to
> make an empirical review of the effects of their actions before continuing
> with this nonsense.

> The main effect of the insistence of the security people on MTI security
> mechanisms is to train the users and implementers to ignore MUST
> requirements in standard track RFCs.  I would like the security people to
> make an empirical review of the effects of their actions before continuing
> with this nonsense.

*sigh*

> (DLEP, I'm looking at you.)

Yes, its even worst in the DLEP case because DLEP has no "over the
air" component and is "node local".

Henning Rogge


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From: "Alvaro Retana (aretana)" <aretana@cisco.com>
To: Henning Rogge <hrogge@gmail.com>, Russ White <russ@riw.us>
Thread-Topic: [babel] [Babel-users]  Babel to standard
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Subject: Re: [babel] [Babel-users]  Babel to standard
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On 8/12/15, 4:38 AM, "babel on behalf of Henning Rogge"
<babel-bounces@ietf.org on behalf of hrogge@gmail.com> wrote:

Hi!

>The problem is that the selected solution heavily depends on the
>network you plan to deploy.

This is an excellent point =8B not just related to security, but in general=
.

The applicability =8B what problem will Babel solve?  Where is it expected
to be used?  Etc. =8B is of great importance to scope whatever effort is
done going forward.  IMHO, that should be one of the first things that are
discussed =8B maybe the specifics are obvious to everyone on the list, but
they still need to be documented.


Thanks!

Alvaro.


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Subject: [babel] Thoughts on Other Use Cases
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Y'all --

One thing that might be really nice is to have a brainstorm about alternate
use cases for BABEL. Two I can think of off the top of my head are:

1. Data center fabric underlay/overlay. I know we're all moving in the
BGP/eVPN direction on this right now, but I think BABEL could perform in
this space with a simpler/more tuned protocol. It would take adding some
things, such as some sort of "community" or policy support and some sort of
"any AF to any AF" sort of support, but this might be a solid use case for
fast convergences in a simple, pretty much self-configuring protocol.

 2. Much the same for something like DMVPNs, only with more support to get
closer to something like SD-WAN capabilities in a standards based setup.

3. A sort-of crazy idea, but one of the "bigger" problems with link state is
it's performance over large scale hub and spoke networks. One place EIGRP
has been really successful is in this space, actually. Perhaps some way of
doing large scale hub and spoke so the hub routers simply pull the
information as native link state protocol information. To put this another
way, to have BABEL serve as a "feeder" for a link state protocol, with no
redistribution. I'm not convinced this sort of thing is possible, but it
would be interesting to look at.

4. MANET -- as an alternative to the existing OSPF and other work.

Any more ideas? Thoughts on these ideas?

:-)

Russ 


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Interesting ideas, Russ.  I particularly like the idea of using babel as =
a data center underlay/overlay.

I am working on a transitive trust system for use with the IETF's abfab =
(GSS-EAP) security protocols.  The system deploys a number of "Trust =
Routers" that distribute information about "Trust Paths" to reach the =
AAA servers for target realms across a AAA fabric.  I have just started =
work on a dynamic "routing protocol" for this system.  I had been =
considering using a link-state algorithm, but I'm currently assessing =
the possibility of using a DV protocol based on babel, since it looks =
like it will be easier to implement and, perhaps more importantly, =
easier to test.

Margaret



On Aug 12, 2015, at 5:02 PM, "Russ White" <russw@riw.us> wrote:

> Y'all --
>=20
> One thing that might be really nice is to have a brainstorm about =
alternate
> use cases for BABEL. Two I can think of off the top of my head are:
>=20
> 1. Data center fabric underlay/overlay. I know we're all moving in the
> BGP/eVPN direction on this right now, but I think BABEL could perform =
in
> this space with a simpler/more tuned protocol. It would take adding =
some
> things, such as some sort of "community" or policy support and some =
sort of
> "any AF to any AF" sort of support, but this might be a solid use case =
for
> fast convergences in a simple, pretty much self-configuring protocol.
>=20
> 2. Much the same for something like DMVPNs, only with more support to =
get
> closer to something like SD-WAN capabilities in a standards based =
setup.
>=20
> 3. A sort-of crazy idea, but one of the "bigger" problems with link =
state is
> it's performance over large scale hub and spoke networks. One place =
EIGRP
> has been really successful is in this space, actually. Perhaps some =
way of
> doing large scale hub and spoke so the hub routers simply pull the
> information as native link state protocol information. To put this =
another
> way, to have BABEL serve as a "feeder" for a link state protocol, with =
no
> redistribution. I'm not convinced this sort of thing is possible, but =
it
> would be interesting to look at.
>=20
> 4. MANET -- as an alternative to the existing OSPF and other work.
>=20
> Any more ideas? Thoughts on these ideas?
>=20
> :-)
>=20
> Russ=20
>=20
> _______________________________________________
> babel mailing list
> babel@ietf.org
> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/babel


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Hi Russ,

> 1. Data center fabric underlay/overlay.
[...]
> It would take adding some things, such as some sort of "community" or
> policy support

As all DV protocols, Babel supports pretty much arbitrary filtering of
routes.  What is missing is the ability to attach opaque labels
("communities") to routes; while this could be added by an extension,
reliable filtering would require ensuring that all routers support the
extension.

Or is that not what you meant?

> some sort of "any AF to any AF" sort of support

Please clarify.

>  2. Much the same for something like DMVPNs

I'll pass on this one, not sure what's required from the routing protocol
for DMVPNs.  Is that not similar to your point (3) below?

> 3. A sort-of crazy idea, but one of the "bigger" problems with link
> state is it's performance over large scale hub and spoke networks.  One
> place EIGRP has been really successful is in this space

Agreed, with filtering and split-horizon processing, DV should scale
really well in this kind of topology.

> with no redistribution

Please clarify.

> 4. MANET -- as an alternative to the existing OSPF and other work.

(I think you meant OLSR.)

Actually, most of the deployment of Babel is happening in the community
mesh networking space and the proprietary MANET space.  While OLSRv2 is
a fine protocol, Babel has some properties that make it attractive in
large meshes:

 - much lower overhead on wired links and VPNs, especially if the
   frequency of periodic updates is tuned down;

 - ability to perform arbitrary route filtering and (manual) aggregation
   (OLSRv2 doesn't have areas, so it cannot perform filtering);

 - good support for dual-stack networks.

An interesting application is the Italian community mesh, where every
regional mesh uses its protocol of choice, and the meshes redistribute
into Babel and peer over VPNs.  I find it interesting that Babel has
filled the niche of BGP -- it's fairly natural to use DV for peering, due
to the filtering capabilities.

One feature that the community people find missing is the ability to find
out if two remote interfaces belong to the same router -- something you
get for free in link-state, but that you cannot determine at all in
distance vector.  I'm half tempted to implement an extension that allows
a router to announce its set of attached interfaces (e.g. within a sub-TLV
of the Hello TLV), unless somebody has a better idea.

-- Juliusz


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> The system deploys a number of "Trust Routers" that distribute
> information about "Trust Paths" to reach the AAA servers for target
> realms across a AAA fabric. [...]  I had been considering using
> a link-state algorithm, but I'm currently assessing the possibility of
> using a DV protocol based on babel

Note that if you're doing flat routing (host routes only), Babel can be
simplified a lot -- you don't need router-ids, just index everything by
addresses (the route table, the source table, the pending requests table,
the duplicate suppression table).  You can also get rid of the mechanism
in Section 3.5.5.

-- Juliusz


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> > 1. Data center fabric underlay/overlay.
> [...]
> > It would take adding some things, such as some sort of "community" or
> > policy support
> 
> As all DV protocols, Babel supports pretty much arbitrary filtering of
routes.
> What is missing is the ability to attach opaque labels
> ("communities") to routes; while this could be added by an extension,
> reliable filtering would require ensuring that all routers support the
> extension.

Right -- one of the points with a DC overlay is the ability to filter routes
using something like a route target, to reduce the number of devices that
need to hold specific routes in their table. You also need to have a route
distinguisher, which allows overlapping reachability information, and the
ability to differentiate multiple virtual topologies. All of these can be
solved with some sort of community system, or opaque tags.

> > some sort of "any AF to any AF" sort of support
> 
> Please clarify.

One of the issues with overlay support would be the ability to have multiple
tunnel systems. For instance, you could have --

IPv4 over IPv6
IPv6 over IPv4
IPv4/IPv6 over MPLS
IPv4/IPv6 over VxLAN
Ethernet over MPLS
Ethernet over VxLAN

The idea here is just to have some sort of TLV that allows any address
family as a destination, and then any address family as the "next hop" for
this given destination. This would allow you to draw any traffic into any
sort of tunnel. BGP does this with a (possible more complex than necessary
for a DC fabric) address family system (originally designed for L3VPNs). We
could do something simpler in BABEL, I think for the DC fabric case. 

> >  2. Much the same for something like DMVPNs
> 
> I'll pass on this one, not sure what's required from the routing protocol
for
> DMVPNs.  Is that not similar to your point (3) below?

Yes, but combined with the AF above... DMVPNs are similar to an SD-WAN
solution, an tunneled overlay (virtual topology) on top of a straight IP
network. A lot of companies are working in this space right now with
proprietary systems; having an IETF standard that meets all the requirements
in a simpler protocol would make a lot of sense. Cisco uses EIGRP for this
function, BTW, so there's a close analog already out there we could draw
from in terms of system level design work.

> > 3. A sort-of crazy idea, but one of the "bigger" problems with link
> > state is it's performance over large scale hub and spoke networks.
> > One place EIGRP has been really successful is in this space
> 
> Agreed, with filtering and split-horizon processing, DV should scale
really well
> in this kind of topology.
> 
> > with no redistribution
> 
> Please clarify.

In OSPF and IS-IS, you already have the concept of a flooding domain
boundary. What a lot of designers do is put the ABR (in OSPF terms) on the
hub router in a large scale hub and spoke network. Of course, you can use a
distance vector protocol, like EIGRP, in the hub and spoke, and then
redistribute the routes into the link state protocol, but it would actually
be a lot cleaner to have a way to simply pull the distance-vector routes in
so they look like they're internal to the link state protocol. 

As an example, look at the TTZ work going on in OSPF. Replace the TTZ
subzone running OSPF with a subzone running BABEL to get a general idea...
It would need more working out than that -- this is completely
brainstorming... :-)

> > 4. MANET -- as an alternative to the existing OSPF and other work.
> 
> (I think you meant OLSR.)

OLSR and OSPF.

> Actually, most of the deployment of Babel is happening in the community
> mesh networking space and the proprietary MANET space.  While OLSRv2 is a
> fine protocol, Babel has some properties that make it attractive in large
> meshes:

Okay... So one thing we could do here is to level set against the
requirements there, to make certain everything is covered. It might be
interesting to see if there are overlaps between the different sets of
requirements for some potential use cases, to see what sorts of interesting
things could be done. For instance, the AF concept would be useful for an
SD-WAN solution, for a DC overlay, and even potentially for the MANET space.

> An interesting application is the Italian community mesh, where every
> regional mesh uses its protocol of choice, and the meshes redistribute
into
> Babel and peer over VPNs.  I find it interesting that Babel has filled the
niche
> of BGP -- it's fairly natural to use DV for peering, due to the filtering
> capabilities.
> 
> One feature that the community people find missing is the ability to find
out
> if two remote interfaces belong to the same router -- something you get
for
> free in link-state, but that you cannot determine at all in distance
vector.  I'm
> half tempted to implement an extension that allows a router to announce
its
> set of attached interfaces (e.g. within a sub-TLV of the Hello TLV),
unless
> somebody has a better idea.

Interesting idea... If you included an interface id of some sort in each
origination of reachability information, then the router information
advertisement could just contain a list of interface id's, and everything
could be connected together. One problem is going to be when these should be
filtered... If you aggregate routing information at some point, do you
somehow summarize routers behind the aggregation point, or simply remove
this information, or... ??

:-)

Russ


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> Interesting ideas, Russ.  I particularly like the idea of using babel as a
data
> center underlay/overlay.

I do, too, actually... We're using a lot of BGP in this space. Something
simpler might get some attention, particularly if it knows how to play nice
with overlay tunnels and programmability to manage policy.

> I am working on a transitive trust system for use with the IETF's abfab
(GSS-
> EAP) security protocols.  The system deploys a number of "Trust Routers"
> that distribute information about "Trust Paths" to reach the AAA servers
for
> target realms across a AAA fabric.  I have just started work on a dynamic
> "routing protocol" for this system.  I had been considering using a
link-state
> algorithm, but I'm currently assessing the possibility of using a DV
protocol
> based on babel, since it looks like it will be easier to implement and,
perhaps
> more importantly, easier to test.

This is interesting... Do you have docs?

:-)

Russ



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> All of these can be solved with some sort of community system, or
> opaquetags.

Yes.  That's something that's been repeatedly requested.  I'm not sure
what format the labels should have, though -- arbitrary length binary
blobs?  Triples (registry, tag-type, value)?  Obviously, this should be
redistributable into other routing protocols, so its format matters.

> IPv4 over IPv6
> IPv6 over IPv4
> IPv4/IPv6 over MPLS
> IPv4/IPv6 over VxLAN
> Ethernet over MPLS
> Ethernet over VxLAN

Ah, I see.  RFC 6126 defines v4/v6 and v6/v4 operation, but the
implementation only supports v4/v6.  I know very little about MPLS, and
nothing about VxLAN.

> The idea here is just to have some sort of TLV that allows any address
> family as a destination, and then any address family as the "next hop" for
> this given destination.

Yes, Babel supports that.  See Sections 4.1.3 and 4.4.8 of RFC 6126.

> Interesting idea... If you included an interface id of some sort in each
> origination of reachability information, then the router information
> advertisement could just contain a list of interface id's, and everything
> could be connected together.

That was the design of Babel version 0 (current version is 2).  I decided
against it in the end, since as you justly note it prevents arbitrary
filtering, which is something that people really want, and since it
complicates the protocol somewhat.  I replaced that with prefix
compression (stolen from OLSRv2), which provides similar benefits without
the limitations and cleanly packages the complexity in the TLV parser.

The new extension is meant to be purely informational, and not used by the
core protocol -- the mesh communities are big on monitoring GUIs.

-- Juliusz


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On Aug 12, 2015, at 5:52 PM, Juliusz Chroboczek =
<jch@pps.univ-paris-diderot.fr> wrote:

>> The system deploys a number of "Trust Routers" that distribute
>> information about "Trust Paths" to reach the AAA servers for target
>> realms across a AAA fabric. [...]  I had been considering using
>> a link-state algorithm, but I'm currently assessing the possibility =
of
>> using a DV protocol based on babel
>=20
> Note that if you're doing flat routing (host routes only), Babel can =
be
> simplified a lot -- you don't need router-ids, just index everything =
by
> addresses (the route table, the source table, the pending requests =
table,
> the duplicate suppression table).  You can also get rid of the =
mechanism
> in Section 3.5.5.

Thanks, Juliusz.  I had it in my queue to look at the spec and figure =
out what parts of the babel protocol (and possibly the babel =
implementation) would/would not be needed for flat routing.  This advice =
will speed up that effort.

Margaret


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On Thu, Aug 13, 2015 at 12:20 AM, Russ White <russw@riw.us> wrote:
>> > 4. MANET -- as an alternative to the existing OSPF and other work.
>>
>> (I think you meant OLSR.)
>
> OLSR and OSPF.

Did you ever tried one of the OSPF Manet extensions? I have a few
co-workers that had a lot of problems with them...

Henning Rogge


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From: Margaret Cullen <mrcullen42@gmail.com>
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On Aug 12, 2015, at 6:21 PM, "Russ White" <russw@riw.us> wrote:
>> I am working on a transitive trust system for use with the IETF's =
abfab
> (GSS-
>> EAP) security protocols.  The system deploys a number of "Trust =
Routers"
>> that distribute information about "Trust Paths" to reach the AAA =
servers
> for
>> target realms across a AAA fabric.  I have just started work on a =
dynamic
>> "routing protocol" for this system.  I had been considering using a
> link-state
>> algorithm, but I'm currently assessing the possibility of using a DV
> protocol
>> based on babel, since it looks like it will be easier to implement =
and,
> perhaps
>> more importantly, easier to test.
>=20
> This is interesting... Do you have docs?

There were some old (expired) drafts on this subject named:

draft-mrw-abfab-multihop-fed-02, and
draft-mrw-abfab-trust-router-02.

However, things have moved along a bit since then.  The latest docs and =
code are being developed as part of the Moonshot open source project =
found here: =20

https:/wiki.moonshot.ja.net/

We tried to bring the Trust Identity Protocol (the transitive trust =
protocol) and the Trust Router Protocol (the routing protocol that is =
used to choose a path of transitive trust across a federation) to the =
IETF a couple of years ago, but at that time we were only piloting the =
technology in the UK and there wasn't much interested from anyone but =
European universities and associated entities.  Stephen Farrell didn't =
want to charter the work without interest from the commercial sector, so =
we have been working on this outside of the IETF since then.

The work has matured significantly since the drafts were last updated.  =
We have an operational Moonshot federation among universities in the UK =
(using a single Trust Router), and we are piloting a European-wide =
federation with multiple Trust Routers over the next year.  Once we have =
a multi-Trust Router federation operational, we may come back to the =
IETF to see if there is greater interest in standardizing this work.

If you might be interested in following this work, let me know, and I =
will find out how you can joint he associated mailing lists.

Margaret


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 > Merging extensions into the base spec 
 > ------------------------------------- 
 >  
 > Which, if any, of the currently defined extensions should be merged into 
 > the base spec?  My opinion is that the extension mechanism should be 
 > merged, but that the actual extensions should remain separate documents. 

Let me second this. A right-focused specification is much easier to work with.

-- 
    Denis Ovsienko


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> Which, if any, of the currently defined extensions should be merged into
the
> base spec?  My opinion is that the extension mechanism should be merged,
> but that the actual extensions should remain separate documents.

I would agree with this assessment -- the extension mechanism should be
merged in the base doc, but any actual extensions should be managed
separately. I would say each proposed extension needs a pretty clear use
case, a specification, and then an implementation report (if available), and
possibly some form of deployment experience draft (if available).

Smaller, more focused chunks are better than the long many page documents
we've been seeing a lot of recently.

> RFC 6126 states that designing a route selection algorithm for Babel is an
> open research problem.  While this is still true, there should be an
> informative appendix that describes the trivial algorithm (just pick the
route
> with the lowest metric) and the time-sensitive algorithm used since
version
> 1.4.0 of babeld since it is simple and appears to work well in practice.

Yes, definitely. Note that choosing a route across two metrics is, as I
understand it, unsolvable. This is the reason EIGRP uses the K values to
merge the metrics the user would like to actually deploy into a single
metric. Note also there needs to be some way to prevent oscillation between
the control plane and the data plane when you start playing with delay,
bandwidth utilization, etc., in the real world. These are nasty problems.

> Incompatible protocol changes
> =============================
> 
> A Babel packet carries a protocol number, which it is possible to increase
if
> the protocol needs to change in an incompatible version.  I'd be opposed
to
> doing that, since it would severely impact the installed base of Babel
routers,
> and could cause a split in the community, as has unfortunately happened
> with the OLSR community.

A protocol version? It would be simpler to have some sort of capabilities
negotiation here, possibly.

> Adding mandatory and transitive bits, as in BGP
> -----------------------------------------------
> 
> There is currently no way to mark a sub-TLV of an Update TLV as mandatory,
> as in BGP.  This has forced us to design the source-specific extension as
using
> a separate TLV, which is not very elegant.  However, the source-specific
> extension would still have required new TLVs for requests.
> 
> Mandatory and transitive bits would make it easier to design an extension
> that does BGP-style communities that are suitable for filtering, a feature
that
> has been requested by both the Italian and Slovenian communities.
> 
> I believe that the doubtful benefits that this provides do not justify an
> incompatible protocol change.

I would disagree... It's better to have some way for a device receiving an
update if it should ignore and potentially send an error, or if it should
try and process. If you don't have mandatory bits, then you don't have a way
to error out of a neighbor relationship. This means the receiver can either
just bounce the relationship and refuse to peer, which is really hard to
troubleshoot, or it can accept and ignore, which can also be really hard to
troubleshoot.

> Source-specific routing uses its own set of TLVs, which are distinct from
the
> base protocol's TLVs.  Merging the two kinds of TLVs would yield a
slightly
> cleaner protocol, but would require putting source-specific routing in the
> base spec.  I like small specs.

I would keep the specs separate, myself.

>   * lower-layer security (e.g. put a frightening guy or gal with
>     a truncheon in front of each Ethernet plug, or use 802.1X);
>   * HMAC authentication (RFC 7298);
>   * Stenberg-style authentication (move everything to unicast except
>     hellos, use DTLS);
>   * use the replay protection from RFC 7298 together with statically keyed
>     IPsec.
> 
> There are different tradeoffs between these techniques (reuse of existing
> libraries vs. compact code, authentication only vs. privacy, etc.), so the
> current plan is to implement them all and let the community decide.  I am
> therefore strongly opposed to putting any security mechanism in the base
> spec.

I would allow separate development in this area -- but it does need to be
done. I would look at requirements and solutions, and make a single
decision. Otherwise you fragment the implementations, as not every one of
these is as easy to implement as it might seem, and you might find holes
that need to be fixed in all four at some point. A single solution is
better, IMHO.

:-)

Russ



From nobody Wed Aug 19 04:41:43 2015
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Subject: [babel] Experiences implementing Babel in the Bird routing daemon
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Hi everyone

Over the last couple of weeks, I've amused myself with doing a
clean-slate implementation of the Babel protocol in the Bird routing
daemon, and thought I'd report my experiences here.

I saw Juliusz' talk at the Babel side meeting in Prague (and again at
Battlemesh), which is what convinced me that this was actually a viable
project. Otherwise, I based my implementation on the RFC and did basic
interoperability testing with the official babeld implementation.

Overall, I found the RFC clear and easy to follow. Section 2 gives a
nice background on how the protocol works, and sections 3 and 4 gives
the details of how the implementation should work; in sufficient detail
that the implementation can done by referring only to those two
sections. The details that are left up to the implementation have nicely
suggested solutions in the appendices (which I used for my
implementation).

The main thing that I found confusing in the text was the mention of
'id' in section 3.5; took me a while to realise that this was supposed
to be the router id. In the rest of the document, this is quite
explicit, but in sections 3.5.1 and 3.5.4 they are referred to simply as
'id'. This is technically defined in the text, but one has to go looking
for it, so when flipping back and forth between the code and the
document I found it somewhat confusing.

The second thing I would have liked to have available is some more
guidance on how to ensure an implementation is actually compliant to the
RFC. I.e. a test suite, or at least some description of what kind of
edge cases to test (tricky topologies, that sort of thing). My testing
so far has been fairly ad hoc, and I'm pretty sure there's still bugs in
there.


The main part of the implementation took about a week, with another week
to fix bugs and convince myself that it actually works as intended; this
includes time to familiarise myself with the Bird daemon API and
internal logic (but on the other hand, I didn't have to write any code
to talk to the kernel). I by no means consider it a production-quality
implementation at this point, but it does exchange routes with the
babeld daemon and hasn't crashed my laptop yet :)

I've posted the implementation as a patch on the Bird list here:
http://trubka.network.cz/pipermail/bird-users/2015-August/009855.html --
that email also describes the current limitations of the implementation.

There's also a github repository with the complete commit history for
those who want to amuse themselves with perusing my struggles:
https://github.com/tohojo/bird

I hope this can serve as a useful data point in the assessment of the
implementability of Babel. I started this mainly as a project to satisfy
my own curiosity (the best way to understand a protocol is to implement
it, and all that), but do plan to put in some effort to get it to a
more robust state, depending on the feedback I get from the Bird
developers :)

Cheers,
-Toke


From nobody Wed Aug 19 13:26:09 2015
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From: Juliusz Chroboczek <jch@pps.univ-paris-diderot.fr>
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Subject: Re: [babel] [homenet] Experiences implementing Babel in the Bird routing daemon
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> Over the last couple of weeks, I've amused myself with doing a
> clean-slate implementation of the Babel protocol in the Bird routing
> daemon

Excellent news, Toke.  I've had a first read over your code, and it looks
almost correct (I have some minor nits).  I'll read it again, and do
a detailed review with stupid questions about the bits I don't understand.

For the record, while Toke and I are friends, this is a completely
independent implementation of the IPv6 subset of RFC 6126 together with
Appendices A and B (I once looked over Toke's shoulder when he was hacking
at it, and he quickly shooed me away).

> The main thing that I found confusing in the text was the mention of
> 'id' in section 3.5; took me a while to realise that this was supposed
> to be the router id.

Noted, thanks.

> The second thing I would have liked to have available is some more
> guidance on how to ensure an implementation is actually compliant to the
> RFC. I.e. a test suite, or at least some description of what kind of
> edge cases to test (tricky topologies, that sort of thing).

Point taken.

I may be biased, but in my experience the only tricky bit in the protocol
is reacting to starvation.  Everytime I touch this code, I put a router in
the middle of the network then increase the cost to all neighbours, and
check that seqno requests behave according to spec.  If they don't, you'll
notice right away -- either there'll be a request storm, or your routes
will remain unreachable for a long time.

If anybody knows how to write a test suite for a routing protocol, I'm
interested.  I imagine a set of scripts that set up some virtual machines
and perform some tests, but I have trouble imagining how it could perform
a test such as the one described above.

> The main part of the implementation took about a week, with another week
> to fix bugs and convince myself that it actually works as intended;

Impressive.  I'll dust some old laptops, and we'll do some more serious
testing when you come to Paris.

-- Juliusz


From nobody Wed Aug 19 13:31:49 2015
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Subject: Re: [babel] [homenet] Experiences implementing Babel in the Bird routing daemon
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On Wed, Aug 19, 2015 at 9:26 PM, Juliusz Chroboczek
<jch@pps.univ-paris-diderot.fr> wrote:
>> Over the last couple of weeks, I've amused myself with doing a
>> clean-slate implementation of the Babel protocol in the Bird routing
>> daemon
>
> Excellent news, Toke.  I've had a first read over your code, and it looks
> almost correct (I have some minor nits).  I'll read it again, and do
> a detailed review with stupid questions about the bits I don't understand=
.
>
> For the record, while Toke and I are friends, this is a completely
> independent implementation of the IPv6 subset of RFC 6126 together with
> Appendices A and B (I once looked over Toke's shoulder when he was hackin=
g
> at it, and he quickly shooed me away).
>
>> The main thing that I found confusing in the text was the mention of
>> 'id' in section 3.5; took me a while to realise that this was supposed
>> to be the router id.
>
> Noted, thanks.
>
>> The second thing I would have liked to have available is some more
>> guidance on how to ensure an implementation is actually compliant to the
>> RFC. I.e. a test suite, or at least some description of what kind of
>> edge cases to test (tricky topologies, that sort of thing).
>
> Point taken.
>
> I may be biased, but in my experience the only tricky bit in the protocol
> is reacting to starvation.  Everytime I touch this code, I put a router i=
n
> the middle of the network then increase the cost to all neighbours, and
> check that seqno requests behave according to spec.  If they don't, you'l=
l
> notice right away -- either there'll be a request storm, or your routes
> will remain unreachable for a long time.
>
> If anybody knows how to write a test suite for a routing protocol, I'm
> interested.  I imagine a set of scripts that set up some virtual machines
> and perform some tests, but I have trouble imagining how it could perform
> a test such as the one described above.
>
>> The main part of the implementation took about a week, with another week
>> to fix bugs and convince myself that it actually works as intended;
>
> Impressive.  I'll dust some old laptops, and we'll do some more serious
> testing when you come to Paris.

I can bring over the same 7 routers I had at battlemesh.

> -- Juliusz
>
> _______________________________________________
> babel mailing list
> babel@ietf.org
> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/babel



--=20
Dave T=C3=A4ht
worldwide bufferbloat report:
http://www.dslreports.com/speedtest/results/bufferbloat
And:
What will it take to vastly improve wifi for everyone?
https://plus.google.com/u/0/explore/makewififast


From nobody Wed Aug 19 13:33:12 2015
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From: Markus Stenberg <markus.stenberg@iki.fi>
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To: Juliusz Chroboczek <jch@pps.univ-paris-diderot.fr>
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Subject: Re: [babel] [homenet] Experiences implementing Babel in the Bird routing daemon
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> On 19.8.2015, at 23.26, Juliusz Chroboczek =
<jch@pps.univ-paris-diderot.fr> wrote:
> If anybody knows how to write a test suite for a routing protocol, I'm
> interested.  I imagine a set of scripts that set up some virtual =
machines
> and perform some tests, but I have trouble imagining how it could =
perform
> a test such as the one described above.

You don=E2=80=99t really need bunch of VMs. In order of decreasing =
hackiness:

[1] you need to only steal i/o (hello, LD_PRELOAD) and play with the =
black box that talks network protocols.=20
[2] Or alternatively, do some root level raw packet i/o on the =
interface(s) the daemon uses.
[3] Or provide a box (/VM) which pretends to be whatever else is on the =
network and changing topology and whatever, which deals with the =
device/daemon/=E2=80=A6 (of course, you=E2=80=99re screwed if the =
protocol requires L2 events, but some boxes can simulate this too)

It is not really rocket science (I used to do test automation software =
for a living at some point), but very seldom really done comprehensively =
unless there is  serious industrial interest.=20

Cheers,

-Markus=


From nobody Wed Aug 19 13:40:11 2015
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To: Juliusz Chroboczek <jch@pps.univ-paris-diderot.fr>
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Subject: Re: [babel] [homenet] Experiences implementing Babel in the Bird routing daemon
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> On 19.8.2015, at 23.32, Markus Stenberg <markus.stenberg@iki.fi> =
wrote:
>> On 19.8.2015, at 23.26, Juliusz Chroboczek =
<jch@pps.univ-paris-diderot.fr> wrote:
>> If anybody knows how to write a test suite for a routing protocol, =
I'm
>> interested.  I imagine a set of scripts that set up some virtual =
machines
>> and perform some tests, but I have trouble imagining how it could =
perform
>> a test such as the one described above.
>=20
> You don=E2=80=99t really need bunch of VMs. In order of decreasing =
hackiness:
>=20
> [1] you need to only steal i/o (hello, LD_PRELOAD) and play with the =
black box that talks network protocols.=20
> [2] Or alternatively, do some root level raw packet i/o on the =
interface(s) the daemon uses.
> [3] Or provide a box (/VM) which pretends to be whatever else is on =
the network and changing topology and whatever, which deals with the =
device/daemon/=E2=80=A6 (of course, you=E2=80=99re screwed if the =
protocol requires L2 events, but some boxes can simulate this too)
>=20
> It is not really rocket science (I used to do test automation software =
for a living at some point), but very seldom really done comprehensively =
unless there is  serious industrial interest.=20

Note: I everything I talk about applies to testing =E2=80=98a =
protocol=E2=80=99, there isn=E2=80=99t really anything particular magic =
about testing a routing protocol.

And in case this was not obvious from the context, you _do not_ =
typically use a full implementation as the reference to test against, =
but instead e.g. write the tests based on particular test cases that are =
obviously derived from the spec, and test each implementation against =
each of those individually. You may need subset of the implementation =
(or even full one) to really pretend to be one, but usually limiting =
complexity of tests (=3D> having small subset of full protocol used per =
test case) is sensible.

Usually you need
- way to reset implementation system under test (SUT) to a specific =
state (e.g. =E2=80=98reset=E2=80=99)
- way to inspect SUT state which is not visible externally (in case of =
routing protocol, probably locally installed routes)
- way to do the I/O with SUT (in case of a RP, probably a socket, =
wrapped in one of the few ways noted above)

Standard disclaimer: It=E2=80=99s been years since I did any other tests =
than hnetd ones (or unit tests for my own hobby things) :)=20

Cheers,

-Markus=


From nobody Wed Aug 19 14:13:00 2015
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To: Juliusz Chroboczek <jch@pps.univ-paris-diderot.fr>
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Subject: Re: [babel] [homenet] Experiences implementing Babel in the Bird routing daemon
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Juliusz Chroboczek <jch@pps.univ-paris-diderot.fr> writes:

>> Over the last couple of weeks, I've amused myself with doing a
>> clean-slate implementation of the Babel protocol in the Bird routing
>> daemon
>
> Excellent news, Toke. I've had a first read over your code, and it
> looks almost correct (I have some minor nits). I'll read it again, and
> do a detailed review with stupid questions about the bits I don't
> understand.

Thanks. I'll look forward to your comments :)

> For the record, while Toke and I are friends, this is a completely
> independent implementation of the IPv6 subset of RFC 6126 together
> with Appendices A and B (I once looked over Toke's shoulder when he
> was hacking at it, and he quickly shooed me away).

Yes, can confirm. Juliusz has likewise been most insistent on not giving
any hints. Most annoying, making me read like that...

> I may be biased, but in my experience the only tricky bit in the
> protocol is reacting to starvation. Everytime I touch this code, I put
> a router in the middle of the network then increase the cost to all
> neighbours, and check that seqno requests behave according to spec. If
> they don't, you'll notice right away -- either there'll be a request
> storm, or your routes will remain unreachable for a long time.

Well, basically taking the above paragraph and putting it in an appendix
as "things to test for" would be useful. I.e. some list of "make sure
these scenarios work and you should be set".

For the packet format, I targeted having wireshark agree with me on the
contents of the packets. That was fairly straight forward.

> If anybody knows how to write a test suite for a routing protocol, I'm
> interested. I imagine a set of scripts that set up some virtual
> machines and perform some tests, but I have trouble imagining how it
> could perform a test such as the one described above.

The CORE emulator might be useful in this regard:
http://www.nrl.navy.mil/itd/ncs/products/core

> Impressive. I'll dust some old laptops, and we'll do some more serious
> testing when you come to Paris.

It'll be instructive, annoying and fun, I expect :)

-Toke


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Subject: [babel] Babel path metric
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Hi,

maybe to get the (one?) ball rolling I would like to raise the point
of the "range" of the Babel path metric.

I think in Prague we talked about increasing the possible values for
this metric to a 4 byte integer. This would also align the range of
the path metric to the same values as OLSRv2 from the MANET group,
which means it should be possible to trade link metrics between Babel
and OLSRv2.

Henning Rogge


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Subject: Re: [babel] Babel path metric
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On 26.8.2015, at 22.54, Henning Rogge <hrogge@gmail.com> wrote:
>=20
> Hi,
>=20
> maybe to get the (one?) ball rolling I would like to raise the point
> of the "range" of the Babel path metric.
>=20
> I think in Prague we talked about increasing the possible values for
> this metric to a 4 byte integer. This would also align the range of
> the path metric to the same values as OLSRv2 from the MANET group,
> which means it should be possible to trade link metrics between Babel
> and OLSRv2.

I am not convinced about the need at least in base spec.=20

Given e.g. use of of 256 metric values per hop, you run out of hop count =
values before you run out of metric. How granular do you want to be? I =
guess one could just use a function to convert the link metrics anyway, =
and that granularity sounds sufficient.=20

In the extension-land, I think it is already possible to use arbitrary =
length ones..

Cheers,

-Markus=


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From: Henning Rogge <hrogge@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 27 Aug 2015 09:30:18 +0200
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Subject: Re: [babel] Babel path metric
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On Thu, Aug 27, 2015 at 9:26 AM, Markus Stenberg <markus.stenberg@iki.fi> w=
rote:
> On 26.8.2015, at 22.54, Henning Rogge <hrogge@gmail.com> wrote:
>>
>> Hi,
>>
>> maybe to get the (one?) ball rolling I would like to raise the point
>> of the "range" of the Babel path metric.
>>
>> I think in Prague we talked about increasing the possible values for
>> this metric to a 4 byte integer. This would also align the range of
>> the path metric to the same values as OLSRv2 from the MANET group,
>> which means it should be possible to trade link metrics between Babel
>> and OLSRv2.
>
> I am not convinced about the need at least in base spec.
>
> Given e.g. use of of 256 metric values per hop, you run out of hop count =
values before you run out of metric. How granular do you want to be? I gues=
s one could just use a function to convert the link metrics anyway, and tha=
t granularity sounds sufficient.

256 step is a limitation as soon as you add link-speed to the metric...

Even if you disregard everything except wifi you have a higher factor
between lowest and highest bandwidth than 256.

> In the extension-land, I think it is already possible to use arbitrary le=
ngth ones..

Metrics are a CORE part of a routing protocol... changing the format
of metrics later creates an incompatible extension with old routers...
which should be unnecessary if we allocate a few more bytes.

Henning


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Subject: Re: [babel] Babel path metric
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Henning,

Until now, all extensions to Babel were driven by user requirements:
Babel-Z was done for the needs of the Brussels community, Babel-RTT for
Nexedi, source-specific Babel for the needs of Homenet.  This policy has
served us well.

While I have no strong opinions about whether 32-bit metrics are needed,
I'll note that none of the communities using Babel have requested that
feature.

> Metrics are a CORE part of a routing protocol... changing the format
> of metrics later creates an incompatible extension with old routers...

Not in Babel -- Babel-Z is perfectly compatible with core Babel, although
it uses a different metric.

The way that works is that an extension can define its own metric, in
which case it MUST also announce a primary metric.  A router that speaks
the extension can use the extended metric, while a router that doesn't
uses the primary metric.

Of course, feasibility is only evaluated on the primary metric --
loop-freedom is a global property, and all routers must use the same
metric to ensure loop-freedom.

None of this, of course, is an argument against making the primary metric
32-bits wide.

-- Juliusz


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From: Henning Rogge <hrogge@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 27 Aug 2015 14:38:29 +0200
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Subject: Re: [babel] Babel path metric
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On Thu, Aug 27, 2015 at 1:05 PM, Juliusz Chroboczek
<jch@pps.univ-paris-diderot.fr> wrote:
>> Metrics are a CORE part of a routing protocol... changing the format
>> of metrics later creates an incompatible extension with old routers...
>
> Not in Babel -- Babel-Z is perfectly compatible with core Babel, although
> it uses a different metric.
>
> The way that works is that an extension can define its own metric, in
> which case it MUST also announce a primary metric.  A router that speaks
> the extension can use the extended metric, while a router that doesn't
> uses the primary metric.

So what do you think about using datarate-aware as the primary metric.

With wifi links going from 6 MBit/s to hundreds (or maybe thousands
with 802.11ac2) of MBit/s 16 bit seems to be a little bit tight.

> Of course, feasibility is only evaluated on the primary metric --
> loop-freedom is a global property, and all routers must use the same
> metric to ensure loop-freedom.
>
> None of this, of course, is an argument against making the primary metric
> 32-bits wide.

Henning Rogge


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> So what do you think about using datarate-aware as the primary metric.

You mean k/datarate additive metric?  That's very specific to wireless,
wired wants widest-path routing (which cannot be used as the primary
metric for other reasons).  I'd much rather the primary metric were
something simple and generic, and anything fancy encoded in an extension
metric.

Henning, I really have no objection to a 32-bit primary metric, but
I don't think it's a strong argument for breaking compatibility with the
deployed base.  If there are other good reasons to break compatibility,
then we'll widen the metric.

-- Juliusz


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On Thu, 27 Aug 2015, Juliusz Chroboczek wrote:

> Henning, I really have no objection to a 32-bit primary metric, but I 
> don't think it's a strong argument for breaking compatibility with the 
> deployed base.  If there are other good reasons to break compatibility, 
> then we'll widen the metric.

What worries me is future capabilities.

If I were to set auto metrics related to wired speed, I'd for instance 
today choose:

Speed
10G  metric 1
1G   metric 10
100M metric 100
10M  metric 1000

Wifi would probably go in the 50-1000 range somewhere, depending on speed.

So if the current limit is 256 values per hop, I think that is actually 
more limiting than the total 65535 path limit currently (did I understand 
that correctly btw, babel has 8 bit per hop which is added together to 16 
bits total)?

-- 
Mikael Abrahamsson    email: swmike@swm.pp.se


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From: Gabriel Kerneis <kerneis@google.com>
Date: Fri, 28 Aug 2015 09:56:29 +0200
Message-ID: <CAL0WyWzRsG=CjofW5VgPqcoGy2GW1ZhvJUcifcRJEB4T3zWQJA@mail.gmail.com>
To: Mikael Abrahamsson <swmike@swm.pp.se>
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Cc: babel@ietf.org, Juliusz Chroboczek <jch@pps.univ-paris-diderot.fr>
Subject: Re: [babel] Babel path metric
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Mikael,

On Fri, Aug 28, 2015 at 9:14 AM, Mikael Abrahamsson <swmike@swm.pp.se>
wrote:

> On Thu, 27 Aug 2015, Juliusz Chroboczek wrote:
>
> Henning, I really have no objection to a 32-bit primary metric, but I
>> don't think it's a strong argument for breaking compatibility with the
>> deployed base.  If there are other good reasons to break compatibility,
>> then we'll widen the metric.
>>
>
> What worries me is future capabilities.
>
> If I were to set auto metrics related to wired speed, I'd for instance
> today choose:
>
> Speed
> 10G  metric 1
> 1G   metric 10
> 100M metric 100
> 10M  metric 1000
>
> Wifi would probably go in the 50-1000 range somewhere, depending on speed.
>
> So if the current limit is 256 values per hop, I think that is actually
> more limiting than the total 65535 path limit currently (did I understand
> that correctly btw, babel has 8 bit per hop which is added together to 16
> bits total)?
>
>
Babel distinguishes the cost (per neighbour, ie. hop) and the metric (per
route, ie. path). It currently uses 16 bits for both (RFC 6126
<https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6126>, sections 4.4.6 and 4.4.9). You can
see a live example of a babel network with costs and metrics here:
http://babelweb.wifi.pps.univ-paris-diderot.fr:8080/

Best,

Gabriel

--f46d044402bc3b0086051e5a6e73
Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable

<div dir=3D"ltr"><div class=3D"gmail_extra"><div class=3D"gmail_quote">Mika=
el,</div><div class=3D"gmail_quote"><br></div><div class=3D"gmail_quote">On=
 Fri, Aug 28, 2015 at 9:14 AM, Mikael Abrahamsson <span dir=3D"ltr">&lt;<a =
href=3D"mailto:swmike@swm.pp.se" target=3D"_blank">swmike@swm.pp.se</a>&gt;=
</span> wrote:<br><blockquote class=3D"gmail_quote" style=3D"margin:0 0 0 .=
8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex"><span>On Thu, 27 Aug 2015,=
 Juliusz Chroboczek wrote:<br>
<br>
<blockquote class=3D"gmail_quote" style=3D"margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1p=
x #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">
Henning, I really have no objection to a 32-bit primary metric, but I don&#=
39;t think it&#39;s a strong argument for breaking compatibility with the d=
eployed base.=C2=A0 If there are other good reasons to break compatibility,=
 then we&#39;ll widen the metric.<br>
</blockquote>
<br></span>
What worries me is future capabilities.<br>
<br>
If I were to set auto metrics related to wired speed, I&#39;d for instance =
today choose:<br>
<br>
Speed<br>
10G=C2=A0 metric 1<br>
1G=C2=A0 =C2=A0metric 10<br>
100M metric 100<br>
10M=C2=A0 metric 1000<br>
<br>
Wifi would probably go in the 50-1000 range somewhere, depending on speed.<=
br>
<br>
So if the current limit is 256 values per hop, I think that is actually mor=
e limiting than the total 65535 path limit currently (did I understand that=
 correctly btw, babel has 8 bit per hop which is added together to 16 bits =
total)?<span><font color=3D"#888888"><br>
<br></font></span></blockquote><div></div></div><div style=3D"text-align:ri=
ght"><br></div></div><div class=3D"gmail_extra">Babel distinguishes the cos=
t (per neighbour, ie. hop) and the metric (per route, ie. path). It current=
ly uses 16 bits for both (<a href=3D"https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6126">R=
FC 6126</a>, sections 4.4.6 and 4.4.9). You can see a live example of a bab=
el network with costs and metrics here:</div><div class=3D"gmail_extra"><a =
href=3D"http://babelweb.wifi.pps.univ-paris-diderot.fr:8080/">http://babelw=
eb.wifi.pps.univ-paris-diderot.fr:8080/</a><br></div><div class=3D"gmail_ex=
tra"><br></div><div class=3D"gmail_extra">Best,</div><div class=3D"gmail_ex=
tra"><br></div><div class=3D"gmail_extra">Gabriel</div></div>

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From: Henning Rogge <hrogge@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 28 Aug 2015 12:47:27 +0200
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Cc: Juliusz Chroboczek <jch@pps.univ-paris-diderot.fr>, babel@ietf.org, Mikael Abrahamsson <swmike@swm.pp.se>
Subject: Re: [babel] Babel path metric
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On Fri, Aug 28, 2015 at 9:56 AM, Gabriel Kerneis <kerneis@google.com> wrote:
> Mikael,
> Babel distinguishes the cost (per neighbour, ie. hop) and the metric (per
> route, ie. path). It currently uses 16 bits for both (RFC 6126, sections
> 4.4.6 and 4.4.9). You can see a live example of a babel network with costs
> and metrics here:
> http://babelweb.wifi.pps.univ-paris-diderot.fr:8080/

So if you "limit" your mesh to 16 hops, you could use 12 bit for each link.

As a comparison, Olsrv2 use 24 bit for a link metric and 32 bit for a
path metric.

Henning Rogge

