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From: Stephane Bortzmeyer <bortzmeyer@nic.fr>
To: Philip Matthews <philip_matthews@magma.ca>
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Subject: Re: [BEHAVE] Summary of TURN open-issues call on Monday, 28 Jan 2008
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On Mon, Jan 28, 2008 at 05:06:11PM -0500,
 Philip Matthews <philip_matthews@magma.ca> wrote 
 a message of 125 lines which said:

> *) Preserving bits in the IP header. When relaying packets, how
> should various IP header bits be set?

My personal opinion, based on the tests I ran on various machines, is
that:

TURN is a "last resort" solution, anyway, for the case where users are
stuck behind badly behaving NATs. We all know it is not the best
solution but its main feature is that it always works, whatever the
behaviour of the NATs. So, having more things (such as preservation of
IP options) is nice but should not be mandatory, it is most important
to have TURN servers available than to have them preserve every IP
option.

So, I favor something like "TURN servers MAY preserve the options set
in the IP header".

Other things to keep in mind (and that's why i suggest MAY and not
SHOULD):

* being a TURN server will not be fun, it takes a lot of resources. We
should not ask them more.

* IP options such as DSCP are very rarely used, anyway.

* we can always design later an extension which will ask for strict
preservation of IP options.

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Subject: Re: [BEHAVE] Summary of TURN open-issues call on Monday, 28 Jan 2008
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From: "Stephane Bortzmeyer" <bortzmeyer@nic.fr>

> On Mon, Jan 28, 2008 at 05:06:11PM -0500,
> Philip Matthews <philip_matthews@magma.ca> wrote
> a message of 125 lines which said:
>
>> *) Preserving bits in the IP header. When relaying packets, how
>> should various IP header bits be set?
>
> My personal opinion, based on the tests I ran on various machines, is
> that:
>
> TURN is a "last resort" solution, anyway, for the case where users are
> stuck behind badly behaving NATs. We all know it is not the best
> solution but its main feature is that it always works, whatever the
> behaviour of the NATs. So, having more things (such as preservation of
> IP options) is nice but should not be mandatory, it is most important
> to have TURN servers available than to have them preserve every IP
> option.

I guess a related question is whether TURN servers would refuse clients if 
the client asks for IP option preservation and the TURN server doesn't do 
that - I'm guessing "no", but does anyone think the answer is "yes"?

Spencer 


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Subject: Re: [BEHAVE] TURN Issue: Preserving bits in the IP header
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> On Fri, 1-Feb-08, at 05:55 , Stephane Bortzmeyer wrote:
>> On Mon, Jan 28, 2008 at 05:06:11PM -0500,
>>  Philip Matthews <philip_matthews@magma.ca> wrote
>>  a message of 125 lines which said:
>>
>>> *) Preserving bits in the IP header. When relaying packets, how
>>> should various IP header bits be set?
>>
>> My personal opinion, based on the tests I ran on various machines, is
>> that:
>>
>> TURN is a "last resort" solution, anyway, for the case where users  
>> are
>> stuck behind badly behaving NATs. We all know it is not the best
>> solution but its main feature is that it always works, whatever the
>> behaviour of the NATs. So, having more things (such as  
>> preservation of
>> IP options) is nice but should not be mandatory, it is most important
>> to have TURN servers available than to have them preserve every IP
>> option.
>>
>> So, I favor something like "TURN servers MAY preserve the options set
>> in the IP header".
>>


What if we come up with something that can be fairly easily done by a  
unprivileged user-land process?
Do you still think MAY is important?

- Philip
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Subject: [BEHAVE] new and adjusted milestones
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BEHAVE has a three new milestones:

  * DCCP, July 2008
    This is a BCP document describing NAT operation for DCCP.
    At this time, the most likely candidate document appears to
    be draft-denis-behave-nat-dccp-00.

  * SCTP, December 2008
    This is a BCP document describing NAT operation for SCTP,
    including SCTP multi-homing across NATs.  At this time, the
    most likely candidate document appears to be 
    draft-stewart-behave-sctpnat-03; discussion of SCTP
    multihoming is in draft-xie-behave-sctp-nat-cons-03.

  * STUN test vectors, January 2008
    This is the WG-adopted document 
    draft-ietf-behave-stun-test-vectors-00.

the dates for TURN, TURN-v6, and TURN-TCP were slipped.  (TURN is actually
missing from the milestones right now; I am getting that corrected).

-d
  

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Subject: [BEHAVE] WGLC: draft-ietf-behave-stun-test-vectors-00
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I am starting a two-week working group last call on
draft-ietf-behave-stun-test-vectors-00.txt, ending February 18:

http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-behave-stun-test-vectors-00

Abstract:

   This document includes test vectors for the MESSAGE-INTEGRITY and
   FINGERPRINT attributes of the STUN protocol.

This document is being published as an Informational document.

-d

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From: "Derek MacDonald" <derek@counterpath.com>
To: "Philip Matthews" <philip_matthews@magma.ca>
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Subject: Re: [BEHAVE] TURN Issue #5: Port Range
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I really don't think we need *any* text about the fact that ports the
TURN server uses can't be used by another app. It's so obvious that
people will think the txt must have some deeper meaning and waste time
trying to find that meaning.

-Derek

On Jan 18, 2008 9:05 AM, Philip Matthews <philip_matthews@magma.ca> wrote:
> A number of people have now told me, either publicly or privately,
> that they would be happy with the text if I simply removed the
> discussion on firewalls. So here is my revised text:
>
>     The server SHOULD only allocate ports from the range 49152 - 65535
>     (the Dynamic and/or Private Port range [Port-Numbers]), unless the
>     TURN server application knows, through some means not specified
> here,
>     that other applications running on the same host as the TURN server
>     application will not be impacted by allocating ports outside this
>     range.  This condition can often be satisfied by running the TURN
>     server application on a dedicated machine and/or by arranging that
>     any other applications on the machine allocate ports before the TURN
>     server application starts.  In any case, the TURN server SHOULD NOT
>     allocate ports in the range 0 - 1023 (the Well-Known Port range) to
>     discourage clients from using TURN to run standard services.
>
> Comments?
>
> - Philip
>
>
> _______________________________________________
>
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From: =?iso-8859-1?q?R=E9mi_Denis-Courmont?= <remi.denis-courmont@nokia.com>
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Date: Tue, 5 Feb 2008 15:09:56 +0200
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Le Tuesday 05 February 2008 14:49:41 ext Philip Matthews, vous avez écrit :
> >    All included vectors are represented as a series of hexadecimal
> >    values in network byte order.  Each pair of hexadecimal digits
> >    represents one byte.
> >
> >    Messages follow the ICE Connectivity Checks use case of STUN, (see
> >    [I-D.ietf-mmusic-ice]).  They include both FINGERPRINT and MESSAGE-
> >    INTEGRITY attributes.
>
> You might want to say a bit more about the implications of the statement
> that these messages follow the ICE use case.

Well - the reason why this document uses ICE connectivity checks is simply 
that I wanted packets with all of the following attributes:
 - MESSAGE-INTEGRITY to check SHA-1 summing,
 - FINGERPRINT to check CRC32 summing,
 - XOR-MAPPED-ADDRESS to check XOR'ing,
 - any text field with "undefined" padding (namely USERNAME).

All four of these have actually proven to be buggy in some of the 
Work-In-Progress STUN stacks around here (including mine). Had STUN Binding 
Discovery *customarily* used all of these, I would have gone for it instead.

I don't mind adding more verbose descriptions (as long as it does not screw up 
the schematics layout :P). Then again, I didn't intend this document to be of 
much use to someone who does not even know the STUN message and attribute 
header formats - so the question is, should it or should it not?

-- 
Rémi Denis-Courmont
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From: Philip Matthews <philip_matthews@magma.ca>
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Subject: Re: [BEHAVE] TURN Issue #5: Port Range
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Hi Derek:

If you are really concerned, raise it on the call tomorrow. But we  
did discuss this on the last conference call and most people seemed  
happy with the text. And since the text is already in -06, I am  
reluctant to change it.

- Philip

On Tue, 5-Feb-08, at 17:37 , Derek MacDonald wrote:

> I really don't think we need *any* text about the fact that ports the
> TURN server uses can't be used by another app. It's so obvious that
> people will think the txt must have some deeper meaning and waste time
> trying to find that meaning.
>
> -Derek
>
> On Jan 18, 2008 9:05 AM, Philip Matthews <philip_matthews@magma.ca>  
> wrote:
>> A number of people have now told me, either publicly or privately,
>> that they would be happy with the text if I simply removed the
>> discussion on firewalls. So here is my revised text:
>>
>>     The server SHOULD only allocate ports from the range 49152 -  
>> 65535
>>     (the Dynamic and/or Private Port range [Port-Numbers]), unless  
>> the
>>     TURN server application knows, through some means not specified
>> here,
>>     that other applications running on the same host as the TURN  
>> server
>>     application will not be impacted by allocating ports outside this
>>     range.  This condition can often be satisfied by running the TURN
>>     server application on a dedicated machine and/or by arranging  
>> that
>>     any other applications on the machine allocate ports before  
>> the TURN
>>     server application starts.  In any case, the TURN server  
>> SHOULD NOT
>>     allocate ports in the range 0 - 1023 (the Well-Known Port  
>> range) to
>>     discourage clients from using TURN to run standard services.
>>
>> Comments?
>>
>> - Philip
>>
>>
>> _______________________________________________
>>
>> Behave mailing list
>> Behave@ietf.org
>> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/behave
>>
> _______________________________________________
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Marc: Many thanks for doing this investigation!

As I see it, here are the relevant points in this discussion:
* We don't know a way to read the DF bit on a received packet without  
using RAW sockets (which requires root privileges)
* Requiring root privileges is undesirable for P2P apps, but might be  
acceptable for a stand-alone server
* Always setting the DF bit will result in large UDP packets (e.g.  
SIP msgs) always getting dropped.
* Forwarding packets at the IP layer (which Marc mentioned) also  
requires RAW sockets.


So here is my new strawman proposal:
* In normal operation, a TURN server does not set the DF bit when  
sending over UDP (either to the client or to the peer).
* An application using TURN that wants to ensure that its packets are  
not fragmented must keep its packet size below 576 bytes.
* A TURN server MAY choose to do IP layer forwarding on UDP-to-UDP  
connections; in this case, it should preserve the DF bit when  
forwarding.

By not setting the DF bit, a TURN server is following the principle  
of "maximize the chances of getting the application data through"  
which is the whole point of TURN in the first place. An application  
on the client or the peer doing 4821 will not determine the Path MTU,  
but will determine the maximum UDP packet size that will be delivered  
to the remote destination; the resulting UDP datagram might get  
fragmented, but it will be delivered. The result may not be optimal,  
but TURN is not really optimal anyway.

A TURN server that wants do provide a "high-quality" service may  
choose to do IP layer forwarding using RAW sockets. This would mean  
that 4821 would determine the actual Path MTU. Though complex to  
implement, I think it is do-able. I would be interested in hearing  
from those interested in this option, and of any attempts to  
implement it.

Comments?

- Philip

On Tue, 5-Feb-08, at 13:05 , Marc Petit-Huguenin wrote:

> To understand the problems with the bits to preserve in the IP header
> when tunneling through TURN, I tried to implement something that  
> use the
> DF bit.  My idea was that two endpoints exchanging video over
> RTP/UDP/IPv4 would certainly benefit of using RFC 1191 and RFC 4821 to
> find the PMTU in each direction and use it to adjust the maximum  
> size of
> the RTP packets that can be sent.  I am assuming that both  
> endpoints are
> using ICE, so they both contain a STUN client and a STUN server for  
> the
> connectivity checks.  It is then easy to implement PMTU discovery by
> using something like a Echo transactions with the PADDING attribute[1]
> as probes.
>
>  From the point of view of the endpoint using TURN there is two cases,
> PMTU discovery from this endpoint to the other endpoint, and PMTU
> discovery from the other endpoint to this endpoint.
>
> It is assumed that both the TURN client and the TURN server know the
> PMTU inside the tunnel in each other direction, i.e. for TCP or TLS it
> would be something like 65535 minus various headers and for UDP it can
> be discovered by the same algorithm than described above.
>
> The simplest case is PMTU discovery from the endpoint behind the TURN
> tunnel to the other endpoint.  The STUN client behind the TURN client
> sends a probe, the TURN server relays it to the other endpoint (peer)
> after setting the DF bit.  If a router on the path between the TURN
> server and the peer drops the packet because it would be fragmented,
> then the RFC 4821 algorithm will work.  If a router sends back an ICMP
> Packet Too Big then it will be dropped by the TURN server, and the RFC
> 4821 algorithm will also work.  There can be two improvements that can
> be done in the TURN protocol to help; firstly to add a way for the  
> TURN
> client to set the value of the DF bit that will be used to forward the
> packets to the peer and secondly to tunnel the ICMP packets  
> received by
> the TURN server to the TURN client.
>
> Now a more difficult case is PMTU discovery from the other endpoint to
> the endpoint behind the TURN tunnel.  The TURN server will receive a
> packet from the peer with the DF bit set, but a TURN server running in
> userland cannot retrieve the value of this bit.  If the transport
> between the TURN server and the TURN client is TCP this is not a
> problem,  the tunnel PMTU been close to 65535 there is no reason to  
> send
> an ICMP Packet Too Big or to drop the packet.  But if the transport  
> used
> is UDP, then the TURN server is supposed to send an ICMP Packet Too  
> Big
> or to drop the packet if the DF bit is set, or to send it  
> fragmented to
> the TURN client if the DF bit is not set.  And this is the second
> problem, there is no way in TURN to fragment the packet between the  
> TURN
> server and the TURN client.  It is certainly possible to extend  
> TURN to
> do that, but it does not solve the problem that a userland application
> cannot test the DF bit in a received packet.  There is also, AFAIK, no
> way to send an ICMP packet after receiving a UDP packet in  
> userland, but
> this is less a problem, as simply dropping the packet would work with
> RFC 4821.
>
> A simple alternative to this mess would be to tunnel IP packets over
> TURN instead of UDP packets.  This would solve the DF problem and also
> the problems for the other IP header bits, but it left open the  
> problem
> of TCP[2] between the TURN server and the peer (additionally to the
> problem that the TURN server needs to be root).
>
>
> [1] draft-ietf-behave-nat-behavior-discovery
> [2] http://www.lemis.com/grog/Documentation/vj/lca06vj.pdf
>
> -- 
> Marc Petit-Huguenin           [                                 ]
> Home: marc@petit-huguenin.org [RFC1855-compliant space for rent ]
> Work: marc@8x8.com            [                                 ]
> [                                                               ]
>
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At Wed, 6 Feb 2008 16:09:26 -0500,
Philip Matthews wrote:
> 
> Marc: Many thanks for doing this investigation!
> 
> As I see it, here are the relevant points in this discussion:
> * We don't know a way to read the DF bit on a received packet without  
> using RAW sockets (which requires root privileges)
> * Requiring root privileges is undesirable for P2P apps, but might be  
> acceptable for a stand-alone server

This isn't an issue primarily of root privileges. If you're using
raw sockets you are rquired to do the transport layer. This is
totally prohibitive if that's TCP.

-Ekr
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On Wed, 6-Feb-08, at 17:23 , Eric Rescorla wrote:

> At Wed, 6 Feb 2008 16:09:26 -0500,
> Philip Matthews wrote:
>>
>> Marc: Many thanks for doing this investigation!
>>
>> As I see it, here are the relevant points in this discussion:
>> * We don't know a way to read the DF bit on a received packet without
>> using RAW sockets (which requires root privileges)
>> * Requiring root privileges is undesirable for P2P apps, but might be
>> acceptable for a stand-alone server
>
> This isn't an issue primarily of root privileges. If you're using
> raw sockets you are rquired to do the transport layer. This is
> totally prohibitive if that's TCP.

I agree that we would only want to use RAW sockets for UDP packets.

- Philip


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Subject: [BEHAVE] TURN: Rebinding channels
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Here is a strawman proposal for a mechanism to rebind channels.

* A channel becomes unbound when its associated permission expires.
* A server only allows unbound channels to be bound to a peer.  
Attempts to bind an already bound channel are rejected.
* If a server receives a ChannelData msg on an unbound channel, it  
replies with an UnboundChannel indication. To prevent any form of  
amplification, the indication is suppressed if another indication was  
sent within the last 100 msec.

Comments?

- Philip

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Subject: Re: [BEHAVE] TURN: Rebinding channels
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I agree with the first and second bullets. I'm worried about the third. 
Since indications are not authenticated, and attacker can send an 
UnboundChannel indication and cause the client to cease using that 
channel, instead trying to rebind with a channel bind transaction. This 
provides amplification and increases work on the server.

-Jonathan R.

Philip Matthews wrote:
> Here is a strawman proposal for a mechanism to rebind channels.
> 
> * A channel becomes unbound when its associated permission expires.
> * A server only allows unbound channels to be bound to a peer.  
> Attempts to bind an already bound channel are rejected.
> * If a server receives a ChannelData msg on an unbound channel, it  
> replies with an UnboundChannel indication. To prevent any form of  
> amplification, the indication is suppressed if another indication was  
> sent within the last 100 msec.
> 
> Comments?
> 
> - Philip
> 
> _______________________________________________
> Behave mailing list
> Behave@ietf.org
> http://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/behave
> 

-- 
Jonathan D. Rosenberg, Ph.D.                   499 Thornall St.
Cisco Fellow                                   Edison, NJ 08837
Cisco, Voice Technology Group
jdrosen@cisco.com
http://www.jdrosen.net                         PHONE: (408) 902-3084
http://www.cisco.com
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Le Thursday 07 February 2008 16:15:38 ext Jonathan Rosenberg, vous avez =

=E9crit=A0:
> I agree with the first and second bullets. I'm worried about the third.
> Since indications are not authenticated, and attacker can send an
> UnboundChannel indication and cause the client to cease using that
> channel, instead trying to rebind with a channel bind transaction. This
> provides amplification and increases work on the server.

I agree here.

UDP is UDP. It is not reliable and voil=E0. The application-layer protocol =

running on top of TURN needs to have some kind of time out detection that =

will be triggered to address this particular case.

Also: If the server resets, it shall loose entire TURN allocations, not jus=
t =

some channels. So it does not seem that useful. It feels like yet =

another "dear client, I, the server, am sorry to inform you that you are =

buggy and I cannot deal with you" type of message, that I can happily live =

without.

-- =

R=E9mi Denis-Courmont
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Good point about the lack of authentication on indications.

So let's modify the proposal as Remi suggests and change the third  =

bullet to:
* If a server or client receives a ChannelData msg on an unbound  =

channel, the msg is silently discarded.

- Philip



On Thu, 7-Feb-08, at 09:24 , R=E9mi Denis-Courmont wrote:

> Le Thursday 07 February 2008 16:15:38 ext Jonathan Rosenberg, vous  =

> avez
> =E9crit :
>> I agree with the first and second bullets. I'm worried about the  =

>> third.
>> Since indications are not authenticated, and attacker can send an
>> UnboundChannel indication and cause the client to cease using that
>> channel, instead trying to rebind with a channel bind transaction.  =

>> This
>> provides amplification and increases work on the server.
>
> I agree here.
>
> UDP is UDP. It is not reliable and voil=E0. The application-layer  =

> protocol
> running on top of TURN needs to have some kind of time out  =

> detection that
> will be triggered to address this particular case.
>
> Also: If the server resets, it shall loose entire TURN allocations,  =

> not just
> some channels. So it does not seem that useful. It feels like yet
> another "dear client, I, the server, am sorry to inform you that  =

> you are
> buggy and I cannot deal with you" type of message, that I can  =

> happily live
> without.
>
> -- =

> R=E9mi Denis-Courmont
>

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From Philip Mathews:
*) Stateful allocation issue: In general, sending an Allocate Request on
5-tuple where there is an existing allocation is not allowed; instead, to
refresh the allocation the client uses the Refresh Request.  However, there
is the issue that, over UDP, retransmissions are allowed. Everyone agrees on
the high-level concept, but there were some comments about the exact text in
the TURN-06 document.
There was a lot of discussion here, which I did not capture. However, in the
end this seems to boil down to the best way of implementing the above
high-level intent.
ACTION: Rohan to send proposed text to the mailing list by the end of Wed,
30 Jan 2008.

Hopefully this is better late than never:

DISCUSSION:
If an Allocate request succeeded, the text in the STUN base spec indicates
that a retransmission (an *identical* request) must result in an identical
response.  I don't think this is a generally a problem.  As the text below
mentions, except for my caveats mentioned below, the server can recompute a
bitwise identical response from the information that is probably stored with
the allocation anyway. I think where folks had a problem with this is that
if the request received an error response or if the client is actively
trying to mess with the server, the response won't be identical, but that is
non-problem.

CAVEAT 1:
One side effect of this requirement is that any nonce provided could (very,
very rarely) become stale between being used for the initial allocation and
the time the retransmission was received. The server should check that the
same credentials are present and are the same as the credentials used to
authenticate the original request. In the code path for rebuilding
retransmissions, the server should assume that it already checked nonce
freshness the first time.

CAVEAT 2:
If a late Allocation retransmission and a de-Allocation cross on the wire,
it is possible that the allocation state has been destroyed already. In this
case, I think it should be acceptable to provide a neutral error or ignore
the retransmission, but I do not have a strong feeling about this.

This brings up a more general race condition question. Is it necessary to
prevent the reuse of UDP allocations for some short period of time in case
late traffic might get forwarded?

CURRENT TEXT (Section 5.2.1):
When the server receives the Allocate Request, it begins by processing it
according to the base protocol procedures described in [STUN], plus the
Long-Term Credential Mechanism procedures if the server is using this
mechanism.

It then checks if the 5-tuple used for the Allocate Request matches the
5-tuple used for an existing allocation. If there is a match, then:

    * If the transport protocol is UDP, and the transaction id in the
request message matches the transaction id used for the original allocation,
then the server treats this as a retransmission of the original request, and
replies with the same response as it did to the original request. The server
may do this by either storing its original response and resending it, or by
rebuilding its original response from other state data.
    * If the transport protocol is not UDP, or if the transaction id in the
request message does not match the transaction id used for the original
allocation, then the server replies with an error response containing the
error code 437 Allocation Mismatch.

If the 5-tuple does not match an existing allocation, then processing
continues as described below.

PROPOSED TEXT:
When the server receives the Allocate Request, it begins by processing it
according to the base protocol procedures described in [STUN].

It then checks if the 5-tuple used for the Allocate Request matches the
5-tuple used for an existing allocation. If there is a match, then:

    * If the allocation has already been recently deleted, the server
replies with an appropriate neutral error response.
    * If the transport protocol is UDP, and the transaction id in the
request message matches the transaction id used for the original allocation,
then the server treats this as a retransmission of the original request. The
server may reply with either the original stored response, or by rebuilding
a new response from stored state data.  If the request is a retransmission,
the rebuilt response will be identical to the original response.
    * If the transport protocol is not UDP, or if the transaction id in the
request message does not match the transaction id used for the original
allocation, then the server replies with an error response containing the
error code 437 Allocation Mismatch.

If the 5-tuple does not match an existing allocation, then the server
follows the Long-Term Credential Mechanism procedures if the server is using
this mechanism. If authentication is successful processing continues as
described below.


thanks,
-rohan




From Section 7.3.1, 3rd paragraph of 3489bis-13:
   If the request uses UDP transport and is a retransmission of a
   request for which the server has already generated a success response
   within the last 10 seconds, the server MUST retransmit the same
   success response.  One way for a server to do this is to remember all
   transaction IDs received over UDP and their corresponding responses
   in the last 10 seconds.  Another way is to reprocess the request and
   recompute the response.  The latter technique MUST only be applied to
   requests which are idempotent (a request is considered idempotent
   when the same request can be safely repeated without impacting the
   overall state of the system) and result in the same success response
   for the same request.  The Binding method is considered to idempotent
   in this way (even though certain rare network events could cause the
   reflexive transport address value to change).  Extensions to STUN
   SHOULD state whether their request types have this property or not.

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From Philip Mathews:<br><div style="margin-left: 40px;">*) Stateful allocation issue: In general, sending an Allocate Request on 5-tuple where there is an existing allocation is not allowed; instead, to refresh the allocation the client uses the Refresh Request.&nbsp; However, there is the issue that, over UDP, retransmissions are allowed. Everyone agrees on the high-level concept, but there were some comments about the exact text in the TURN-06 document.<br>
There was a lot of discussion here, which I did not capture. However, in the end this seems to boil down to the best way of implementing the above high-level intent.<br>ACTION: Rohan to send proposed text to the mailing list by the end of Wed, 30 Jan 2008.<br>
</div><br>Hopefully this is better late than never:<br><br>DISCUSSION:<br>If an Allocate request succeeded, the text in the STUN base spec indicates that a retransmission (an *identical* request) must result in an identical response.&nbsp; I don&#39;t think this is a generally a problem.&nbsp; As the text below mentions, except for my caveats mentioned below, the server can recompute a bitwise identical response from the information that is probably stored with the allocation anyway. I think where folks had a problem with this is that if the request received an error response or if the client is actively trying to mess with the server, the response won&#39;t be identical, but that is non-problem.<br>
<br>CAVEAT 1:<br>One side effect of this requirement is that any nonce provided could (very, very rarely) become stale between being used for the initial allocation and the time the retransmission was received. The server should check that the same credentials are present and are the same as the credentials used to authenticate the original request. In the code path for rebuilding retransmissions, the server should assume that it already checked nonce freshness the first time.<br>
<br>CAVEAT 2:<br>If a late Allocation retransmission and a de-Allocation cross on the wire, it is possible that the allocation state has been destroyed already. In this case, I think it should be acceptable to provide a neutral error or ignore the retransmission, but I do not have a strong feeling about this.<br>
<br>This brings up a more general race condition question. Is it necessary to prevent the reuse of UDP allocations for some short period of time in case late traffic might get forwarded?&nbsp; <br><br>CURRENT TEXT (Section 5.2.1):<br>
When the server receives the Allocate Request, it begins by processing it according to the base protocol procedures described in [STUN], plus the Long-Term Credential Mechanism procedures if the server is using this mechanism.<br>
<br>It then checks if the 5-tuple used for the Allocate Request matches the 5-tuple used for an existing allocation. If there is a match, then:<br><br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; * If the transport protocol is UDP, and the transaction id in the request message matches the transaction id used for the original allocation, then the server treats this as a retransmission of the original request, and replies with the same response as it did to the original request. The server may do this by either storing its original response and resending it, or by rebuilding its original response from other state data.<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; * If the transport protocol is not UDP, or if the transaction id in the request message does not match the transaction id used for the original allocation, then the server replies with an error response containing the error code 437 Allocation Mismatch.<br>
<br>If the 5-tuple does not match an existing allocation, then processing continues as described below. <br><br>PROPOSED TEXT:<br>When the server receives the Allocate Request, it begins by processing it according to the base protocol procedures described in [STUN].<br>
<br>It then checks if the 5-tuple used for the Allocate Request matches the 5-tuple used for an existing allocation. If there is a match, then:<br><br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; * If the allocation has already been recently deleted, the server replies with an appropriate neutral error response.<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; * If the transport protocol is UDP, and the transaction id in the request message matches the transaction id used for the original allocation, then the server treats this as a retransmission of the original request. The server may reply with either the original stored response, or by rebuilding a new response from stored state data.&nbsp; If the request is a retransmission, the rebuilt response will be identical to the original response.<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; * If the transport protocol is not UDP, or if the transaction id in the request message does not match the transaction id used for the original allocation, then the server replies with an error response containing the error code 437 Allocation Mismatch.<br>
<br>If the 5-tuple does not match an existing allocation, then the server follows the Long-Term Credential Mechanism procedures if the server is using this mechanism. If authentication is successful processing continues as described below. <br>
<br><br>thanks,<br>-rohan<br><br><br><br><br>From Section 7.3.1, 3rd paragraph of 3489bis-13:<br>&nbsp;&nbsp; If the request uses UDP transport and is a retransmission of a<br>&nbsp;&nbsp; request for which the server has already generated a success response<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp; within the last 10 seconds, the server MUST retransmit the same<br>&nbsp;&nbsp; success response.&nbsp; One way for a server to do this is to remember all<br>&nbsp;&nbsp; transaction IDs received over UDP and their corresponding responses<br>&nbsp;&nbsp; in the last 10 seconds.&nbsp; Another way is to reprocess the request and<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp; recompute the response.&nbsp; The latter technique MUST only be applied to<br>&nbsp;&nbsp; requests which are idempotent (a request is considered idempotent<br>&nbsp;&nbsp; when the same request can be safely repeated without impacting the<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp; overall state of the system) and result in the same success response<br>&nbsp;&nbsp; for the same request.&nbsp; The Binding method is considered to idempotent<br>&nbsp;&nbsp; in this way (even though certain rare network events could cause the<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp; reflexive transport address value to change).&nbsp; Extensions to STUN<br>&nbsp;&nbsp; SHOULD state whether their request types have this property or not.<br><br><br>

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TURN open-issues call on Thursday, 7 Feb 2008

Attendees:
Philip Matthews
Jonathan Rosenberg
Rohan Mahy
Dan Wing
Eric Rescorla
Marc Petit-Huguenin
Derek MacDonald
Remi Denis-Courmond

A big thanks to everyone who dialed in. The discussions were good and  
we reached agreement on a lot of open issues.

*) Unbinding Channels: Do we need a mechanism to remove a channel  
binding?
Two possible reasons for having such a mechanism were discussed. The  
first was a DOS attack by the client against the server where the  
client would allocate lots and lots of channels and consume lots of  
resources on the server. After discussion, it was agreed that we were  
not really worried about this case, since the client needs a username  
and password to use the server and can thus be assumed to be somewhat  
trusted. The second reason, which was felt to be more compelling, was  
a client with a long-lived allocation; the client is not trying to be  
hostile, but without a method of unbinding channels, the client will  
naturally allocate more and more channels and consume resources on  
the server.
The attendees then reached consensus on the following proposal for  
cleaning up unneeded channel bindings:
* The server will only allow unbound channels to be bound. Attempts  
to bind an already bound channel are rejected.
* If a client or server receives a ChannelData msg on an unbound  
channel, the msg is silently discarded.
* A channel becomes unbound some time (perhaps 5 minutes, perhaps  
longer) after its associated permission expires.
On the second bullet point, the attendees discussed whether the  
server should sent an indication to the client that the channel is  
unbound. There was lots of discussion on possible race conditions  
that might produce this condition and why an indication might be  
necessary or very useful, but no clear problem emerged. It was  
finally agreed that the problem could be detected and was probably  
best detected at the application layer (because application data  
would not make it through).
On the first bullet point, it was agreed that unbinding the channel  
immediately when the permission expired might lead to race  
conditions, and waiting for some time afterwards would probably  
eliminate them.

*) Port Adjacency: How can a client allocate an even port number, or  
a pair of adjacent ports?
After the previous call, Cullen e-mailed a proposal to the mailing  
list. In brief, his proposal was that an Allocate request could  
contain either (a) a flag requesting an even port, or (b) a flag  
requesting a pair of adjacent ports. In the latter case, the server  
would return a token which the client could use in an Allocate  
request on a different 5-tuple to allocate the higher numbered port.  
The higher numbered port would be reserved for "at least 30  
seconds" (allowing an implementation to either use a timer, or to  
simply reserve it for the lifetime of the allocation of the lower- 
numbered port).
There was agreement to use Cullen's proposed mechanism.
There was then a discussion on whether a mechanism was needed to  
request the same IP address as a previous allocation, so that related  
video and audio streams would have the same IP address. Aattendees  
were split whether UAs today could handle the streams using different  
IP addresses, but there was a feeling that there might be  
applications (perhaps non-SIP apps) that could not handle different  
IP addresses. So the attendees agreed to a proposal from Jonathan  
that the server should try to allocate subsequent relayed transport  
addresses on the same IP address as the first (if possible). This  
proposal is consistent with the recommendation in RFC 4787 that NATs  
use an "IP Address Pooling" behavior of "Paired".

*) Permission and Allocation Lifetimes:
The attendees agreed to the following two proposals with little  
discussion:
* Permission lifetimes MUST be at least 2 minutes, with a recommended  
value of 5 minutes.
* The spec will NOT include a mechanism for either adjusting or  
learning the permission lifetime.
However, there was no agreement on the following proposal (from Cullen):
* No explicit allocation lifetime; allocation expires 30 seconds  
after the last permission expires.
ACTION: Philip and Cullen to send e-mail to the mail list why they  
thing this last point is desirable.

*) Preserving bits in the IP header
The attendees agreed to the following proposal:
* Do not set the DF bit if possible (some stacks supposedly always  
set this bit)
* ECN bits are not copied
* TTL bits are not copied
* DSCP bits are copied if possible (it seems that some stacks allow  
the DSCP bits to be read, but other do not)
* The document will discuss in detail the implications of the first  
bullet on Path MTU Discovery
The motivation for this proposal has been discussed on the mailing list.
There was a brief discussion on whether to define a forwarding  
behavior which mimics forwarding at the IP layer, but none of the  
attendees was interested in work out or implementing this.
The attendees recognized that no all views on this issue were present  
on the call, and so more discussion on this point might be necessary.

*) Demuxing ChannelData msgs
After some discussion, the attendees agreed to go with the demuxing  
method described in TURN-06 (= the first two bits of a STUN-formatted  
msg are 00).

*) Permission Policy
The attendees re-affirmed the decision to go with an address- 
restricted permission policy. Philip argued that specifying this  
policy was unnecessary because an IT admin would just allow access to  
TURN servers that implemented acceptable policies; others agreed but  
still felt that the address-restricted permission policy should be  
mandatory.

*) Must the server use authentication?
The attendees agreed that the server 'MUST implement and SHOULD use'  
the long-term credential mechanism.

*) Does allocating a channel install/refresh a permission?
The attendees agreed to "Yes".

*) Should an ICMP message be sent in reply if the server discards an  
incoming UDP packet because there is no corresponding permission?
ACTION: Philip to look at what the BEHAVE-ICMP document says.

*) Is it possible to change the password while an allocation is still  
alive?
Rohan has proposed that the document be silent about this, and the  
attendees agreed.


- Philip

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Subject: [BEHAVE] BCP0135,
	RFC 5135 on IP Multicast Requirements for a Network Address
	Translator (NAT) and a Network Address Port Translator (NAPT)
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A new Request for Comments is now available in online RFC libraries.

        BCP 135        
        RFC 5135

        Title:      IP Multicast Requirements for a 
                    Network Address Translator (NAT) and a 
                    Network Address Port Translator (NAPT) 
        Author:     D. Wing, T. Eckert
        Status:     Best Current Practice
        Date:       February 2008
        Mailbox:    dwing@cisco.com, 
                    eckert@cisco.com
        Pages:      16
        Characters: 36528
        Updates:    
        See-Also:   BCP0135

        I-D Tag:    draft-ietf-behave-multicast-12.txt

        URL:        http://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc5135.txt

This document specifies requirements for a for a Network Address
Translator (NAT) and a Network Address Port Translator (NAPT) that
support Any Source IP Multicast or Source-Specific IP Multicast.  An
IP multicast-capable NAT device that adheres to the requirements of
this document can optimize the operation of IP multicast applications
that are generally unaware of IP multicast NAT devices.  This document specifies an Internet Best Current Practices for the
Internet Community, and requests discussion and suggestions for
improvements.

This document is a product of the Behavior Engineering for Hindrance 
Avoidance Working Group of the IETF.

This document specifies an Internet Best Current Practices for the
Internet Community, and requests discussion and suggestions for
improvements.  Distribution of this memo is unlimited.


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USC/Information Sciences Institute

...


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--NextPart

A New Internet-Draft is available from the on-line Internet-Drafts directories.
This draft is a work item of the Behavior Engineering for Hindrance Avoidance Working Group of the IETF.


	Title           : NAT Behavioral Requirements for ICMP protocol
	Author(s)       : P. Srisuresh, et al.
	Filename        : draft-ietf-behave-nat-icmp-07.txt
	Pages           : 25
	Date            : 2008-02-07

This document specifies the behavioral properties required of the 
Network Address Translator (NAT) devices in conjunction with the
Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP). The objective of this
memo is to make NAT devices more predictable and compatible with
diverse application protocols that traverse the devices. Companion
documents provide behavioral recommendations specific to TCP, UDP
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--0-802231758-1202460822=:85223
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Dear all,

The latest rev (-07) of the ICMP draft is just out. I believe, this addresses
all the comments raised by the IESG members. Below is a summary of the changes
made in response to their comments. Please give this a read to ensure there is
agreement within the WG to make those changes. Thanks.

1. Added definition for the terms "Realm" and "NAT Session" in terminology
section (Section 2).

2. Fixed the text preceding the Requirements (REQ-xx), so the text matches the
wording in Requirements, when using RFC 2119 terms (MUST, SHOULD etc.). Ex:
Text preceding Req-1, Req-2, Req-3 etc.

3. Section 4.1 - Req-3 was subject to most comments from the IESG. The final
text is what we agreed to, with one exception. Lars had a DISCUSS on the SHOULD
requirements for ICMP checksum validation and the checksum validation of the
embedded IP header. I.e., Lars did not think it necessary to have a SHOULD
requirement to validate either of the checksums. However, Lars was willing to
abstain if there is concurrence from the WG with the currently worded text.
Please let us know whether or not there is concurrence to keep the text as-is.

4. Section 7. Tightened up the text, so the conformance is scoped to section
4.3 of RFC1812.

5. Revised Security consideration sections, so it is in conformance with the
revised Req-3.

6. Miscellaneous: In many places where there is possibility of confusion, the
text is tightened, so it is clearer now.

Thanks.

regards,
suresh

--- Internet-Drafts@ietf.org wrote:

> To: i-d-announce@ietf.org
> From: Internet-Drafts@ietf.org
> Date: Fri,  8 Feb 2008 00:00:01 -0800 (PST)
> CC: behave@ietf.org
> Subject: [BEHAVE] I-D Action:draft-ietf-behave-nat-icmp-07.txt
> 
> A New Internet-Draft is available from the on-line Internet-Drafts
> directories.
> This draft is a work item of the Behavior Engineering for Hindrance Avoidance
> Working Group of the IETF.
> 
> 
> 	Title           : NAT Behavioral Requirements for ICMP protocol
> 	Author(s)       : P. Srisuresh, et al.
> 	Filename        : draft-ietf-behave-nat-icmp-07.txt
> 	Pages           : 25
> 	Date            : 2008-02-07
> 
> This document specifies the behavioral properties required of the 
> Network Address Translator (NAT) devices in conjunction with the
> Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP). The objective of this
> memo is to make NAT devices more predictable and compatible with
> diverse application protocols that traverse the devices. Companion
> documents provide behavioral recommendations specific to TCP, UDP
> and other protocols.
> 
> A URL for this Internet-Draft is:
> http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-behave-nat-icmp-07.txt
> 
> To remove yourself from the I-D Announcement list, send a message to
> i-d-announce-request@ietf.org with the word unsubscribe in the body of 
> the message.
> You can also visit https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/I-D-announce
> to change your subscription settings.
> 
> Internet-Drafts are also available by anonymous FTP. Login with the 
> username "anonymous" and a password of your e-mail address. After 
> logging in, type "cd internet-drafts" and then
> 	"get draft-ietf-behave-nat-icmp-07.txt".
> 
> A list of Internet-Drafts directories can be found in
> http://www.ietf.org/shadow.html
> or ftp://ftp.ietf.org/ietf/1shadow-sites.txt
> 
> Internet-Drafts can also be obtained by e-mail.
> 
> Send a message to:
> 	mailserv@ietf.org.
> In the body type:
> 	"FILE /internet-drafts/draft-ietf-behave-nat-icmp-07.txt".
> 
> NOTE:   The mail server at ietf.org can return the document in
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Philip Matthews wrote:
<snip>
> 
> *) Preserving bits in the IP header
> The attendees agreed to the following proposal:
> * Do not set the DF bit if possible (some stacks supposedly always  
> set this bit)
> * ECN bits are not copied
> * TTL bits are not copied
> * DSCP bits are copied if possible (it seems that some stacks allow  
> the DSCP bits to be read, but other do not)
> * The document will discuss in detail the implications of the first  
> bullet on Path MTU Discovery
> The motivation for this proposal has been discussed on the mailing list.
> There was a brief discussion on whether to define a forwarding  
> behavior which mimics forwarding at the IP layer, but none of the  
> attendees was interested in work out or implementing this.
> The attendees recognized that no all views on this issue were present  
> on the call, and so more discussion on this point might be necessary.
> 

I have a suggestion for how to keep the TOS field for outgoing packets
on the external interface;

since not all platforms allow per-packet TOS field, it might be better
and more practical to do it per *session* instead.

Some SIP UAs have a configurable TOS-value for outgoing SIP and RTP
packets. is it likely that this value will change during a session?
No.


So we could add a new TURN attribute TOS-FIELD which contains
an 8-bit value which will be used for all outgoing packets,
from the external interface of the TURN server. This will then
be per session..


/alfred

<snip>
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On 2008-2-8, at 10:53, ext Pyda Srisuresh wrote:
> 3. Section 4.1 - Req-3 was subject to most comments from the IESG.  
> The final
> text is what we agreed to, with one exception. Lars had a DISCUSS on  
> the SHOULD
> requirements for ICMP checksum validation and the checksum  
> validation of the
> embedded IP header. I.e., Lars did not think it necessary to have a  
> SHOULD
> requirement to validate either of the checksums. However, Lars was  
> willing to
> abstain if there is concurrence from the WG with the currently  
> worded text.
> Please let us know whether or not there is concurrence to keep the  
> text as-is.

Related to this, here's my rationale:

There's four checksums in an ICMP error packet:

+-----------+---------------+-------------+-----------------+
| IP IP-chk | ICMP ICMP-chk | IP2 IP2-chk | Transport T-chk |
+-----------+---------------+-------------+-----------------+

IP-chk is the IP checksum of the ICMP error message. The NAT, acting  
as a router, validates this and drops the packet if it's invalid. (No  
argument here, I think.)

In order to forward the packet, the NAT needs to translate the outer  
IP header - and *only* the outer IP header. This is important, so I'll  
say it also in a different way: all the other headers don't matter for  
the purposes of forwarding the ICMP message. What matters is the  
destination IP address in the outer header (and to a lesser degree the  
source address, but that is the NAT's own anyway.)

So, where does the NAT get the destination address it should put in  
the outer IP header from? From a binding. How does it find the  
binding? Based on the inner "IP2+Transport" five-tuple.

Here's our disagreement. You are saying that unless the NAT can  
validate ICMP-chk and IP2-chk, it should drop the packet. In other  
words, if there's anything fishy with the payload, don't even try to  
relay. (Originally, you also said that if it can validate T-chk and  
it's invalid, it should drop the packet. But I think that's been  
removed from consideration based on our discussion.)

I'm of the opinion that ICMP messages are a diagnostic tool that is of  
value to the end system, and in the spirit of "be liberal in what you  
send", the NAT should try hard to forward ICMP whenever it can.

What's the issue with not validating the inner checksums?

First, the NAT may not have any binding for an invalid five-tuple  
gleaned from the payload. So the ICMP gets dropped anyway. Effect is  
the same as if the checksums were validated.

Second, the invalid five-tuple happens to match the wrong binding.  
This can cause the ICMP packet to be forwarded to the wrong host.  
However, most hosts already check incoming ICMP messages before they  
act on them, and because a translated header with an invalid checksum  
will most likely come out with a translated invalid checksum, hosts  
will detect this.

(And note that the translation of the inner headers isn't needed to  
forward the ICMP packet - it's needed so that the received can  
associate the ICMP message with one of its communication sessions.  
That's the difference I was getting at earlier.)

So I see little danger in ignoring the checksums and just forwarding  
things, and some benefit in not complicating NATs with all these  
checksum validation steps.

All that said, I realize that I'm arguing about a corner case here. If  
this still doesn't convince the authors and the WG, I'm confortable  
with moving to an ABSTAIN, in order to not block this document  
endlessly.

Lars
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On Fri, 8-Feb-08, at 04:33 , Alfred E. Heggestad wrote:
>
> I have a suggestion for how to keep the TOS field for outgoing packets
> on the external interface;
>
> since not all platforms allow per-packet TOS field, it might be better
> and more practical to do it per *session* instead.
>
> Some SIP UAs have a configurable TOS-value for outgoing SIP and RTP
> packets. is it likely that this value will change during a session?
> No.
>
>
> So we could add a new TURN attribute TOS-FIELD which contains
> an 8-bit value which will be used for all outgoing packets,
> from the external interface of the TURN server. This will then
> be per session..

How do you handle packets traveling from the peer to the client?

- Philip
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Le Friday 08 February 2008 11:33:29 ext Alfred E. Heggestad, vous avez =E9c=
rit=A0:
> I have a suggestion for how to keep the TOS field for outgoing packets
> on the external interface;

On most (all?) platforms, TOS is per-socket, not per-packet. But as long as =

the TOS value can be modified during the socket lifetime, it's as if it wer=
e =

a per-packet API.

> since not all platforms allow per-packet TOS field,
> it might be better and more practical to do it per *session* instead.
>
> Some SIP UAs have a configurable TOS-value for outgoing SIP and RTP
> packets. is it likely that this value will change during a session?
> No.

Actually, it is likely. I can very well see why the audio and video flows =

would get a different TOS. Under a model where the server only handles 1:1 =

flows, your proposal may make sense. But this was rejected. TURN is going t=
o =

handle 1 client-server flow to N server-peer flows. As such I think your =

assumption is too restrictive, provided we care about TOS.

> So we could add a new TURN attribute TOS-FIELD which contains
> an 8-bit value which will be used for all outgoing packets,
> from the external interface of the TURN server. This will then
> be per session..

That could actually work, on a per-channel rather than per-allocation basis =

(maybe).

Still... it is clear that some OSes could do per-packet TOS "carry-over", =

without root privileges. It is also clear that some other OSes will not =

support any kind of TOS support.

What's wrong with "In the UDP-to-UDP case, TURN server =D7=D7=D7 preserve t=
he TOS =

bits in both directions"? We can debate whether =D7=D7=D7 is MUST NOT, SHOU=
LD NOT, =

MAY, SHOULD, MUST.

-- =

R=E9mi Denis-Courmont
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From: Philip Matthews <philip_matthews@magma.ca>
Date: Fri, 8 Feb 2008 16:49:13 -0500
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Subject: Re: [BEHAVE] TURN: Rebinding channels
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During yesterday's conf call, we agreed to make channel bindings last  
longer than permissions, but were vague on whether to keep their  
lifetime tied to permissions or not. (As I recall, Jonathan thought  
they should not be tied, someone else thought they should, and we  
left the issue unresolved). As I think more about things today, I now  
feel they SHOULD NOT be tied to permissions: since they have a  
different lifetime, I think it makes things clearer if their lifetime  
is not tied.

So here is my modified proposal:

* A channel binding last 10 minutes unless refreshed.
* A channel binding can be refreshed either (a) by sending a  
ChannelData message from the client to the server on the channel, or  
(b) by sending a ChannelBind message to the server rebinding the  
channel to the same peer.
* Attempting to bind a already-bound channel to a different peer is  
an error (rebinding to the same peer is OK).
* A ChannelData message on an unbound channel is silently ignored.

Channels interact with permissions as follows:
* ChannelBind and ChannelData messages from the client to the server  
also install/refresh a permission for the IP address of the peer.

This proposal also removes the small defect in the previous proposal  
that sending data to port X on a peer would keep a channel to port Y  
on the same peer open, even if the channel was never used. (I don't  
think this is a big issue, but it is a little bonus).

Another thing I like about this proposal is that it is easy to  
document. All the text goes into the section on Channels; there is no  
need to add text to the (new) section on Permissions (and associated  
cross-references).

Unless I hear objections, this is what I plan to put into TURN-07.

- Philip
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Subject: Re: [BEHAVE] TURN: Rebinding channels
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Are zero-length ChannelData messages going to be defined as a
mechanism for keeping a channel alive?

On Feb 8, 2008 1:49 PM, Philip Matthews <philip_matthews@magma.ca> wrote:
> During yesterday's conf call, we agreed to make channel bindings last
> longer than permissions, but were vague on whether to keep their
> lifetime tied to permissions or not. (As I recall, Jonathan thought
> they should not be tied, someone else thought they should, and we
> left the issue unresolved). As I think more about things today, I now
> feel they SHOULD NOT be tied to permissions: since they have a
> different lifetime, I think it makes things clearer if their lifetime
> is not tied.
>
> So here is my modified proposal:
>
> * A channel binding last 10 minutes unless refreshed.
> * A channel binding can be refreshed either (a) by sending a
> ChannelData message from the client to the server on the channel, or
> (b) by sending a ChannelBind message to the server rebinding the
> channel to the same peer.
> * Attempting to bind a already-bound channel to a different peer is
> an error (rebinding to the same peer is OK).
> * A ChannelData message on an unbound channel is silently ignored.
>
> Channels interact with permissions as follows:
> * ChannelBind and ChannelData messages from the client to the server
> also install/refresh a permission for the IP address of the peer.
>
> This proposal also removes the small defect in the previous proposal
> that sending data to port X on a peer would keep a channel to port Y
> on the same peer open, even if the channel was never used. (I don't
> think this is a big issue, but it is a little bonus).
>
> Another thing I like about this proposal is that it is easy to
> document. All the text goes into the section on Channels; there is no
> need to add text to the (new) section on Permissions (and associated
> cross-references).
>
> Unless I hear objections, this is what I plan to put into TURN-07.
>
> - Philip
>
> _______________________________________________
> Behave mailing list
> Behave@ietf.org
> http://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/behave
>
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On Mon, 11-Feb-08, at 13:38 , Derek MacDonald wrote:

> Are zero-length ChannelData messages going to be defined as a
> mechanism for keeping a channel alive?

At present, a zero-length ChannelData message will result in a UDP  
datagram with zero data bytes being sent to the peer. Like all  
ChannelData messages from the client to the server, this will refresh  
the binding.

Alternatively, the client can rebind the channel to the peer (= send  
a ChannelBind message rebinding the channel number to the peer). This  
will refresh the channel binding without causing anything to be sent  
to the peer.

Right now, I don't see a need to special-case the zero-length  
ChannelData message.

- Philip

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On Mon, Feb 11, 2008 at 10:45:02PM +0100,
 Stephane Bortzmeyer <bortzmeyer@nic.fr> wrote 
 a message of 887 lines which said:

> Here is the documentation of the tool, I'll send the actual reports
> later.

(I forgot to say that the tool was tested only with UDP/IPv4.)


Linux (tested on two Debian machines, with kernels 2.4 and 2.6) :

Can set TOS/DSCP (including ECN) - raising precedence requires to be
root -, TTL and DF.

Can get TOS/DSCP (including ECN) and TTL.


FreeBSD (tested on 6.2) : 

Can set TOS/DSCP (including ECN) and TTL.

Can get TTL.


NetBSD (tested on 3.1) :

Can set TOS/DSCP (including ECN) and TTL.

Cannot get anything.


VMS :

Can set TOS/DSCP (including ECN) and TTL.

Cannot get anything.
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From: Stephane Bortzmeyer <bortzmeyer@nic.fr>
To: Cullen Jennings <fluffy@cisco.com>
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On Mon, Feb 11, 2008 at 10:51:01PM +0100,
 Stephane Bortzmeyer <bortzmeyer@nic.fr> wrote 
 a message of 41 lines which said:

> > Here is the documentation of the tool, I'll send the actual reports
> > later.
> 
> (I forgot to say that the tool was tested only with UDP/IPv4.)

Tru64 / OSF1 :

Can set TOS/DSCP (including ECN) and TTL.

Cannot get anything.
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Date: Mon, 11 Feb 2008 22:53:45 +0100
From: Stephane Bortzmeyer <bortzmeyer@nic.fr>
To: Philip Matthews <philip_matthews@magma.ca>
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On Fri, Feb 01, 2008 at 01:41:36PM -0500,
 Philip Matthews <philip_matthews@magma.ca> wrote 
 a message of 33 lines which said:

> What if we come up with something that can be fairly easily done by
> a unprivileged user-land process?

Even if it were the case (but I'm skeptical), I really cannot
understand why it is so important. TURN provides a last-resort
solution to the connectivity problem. The important things is that it
works, not that it is perfect. Frankly, who uses DSCP bits, anyway?

I understand only the need for DF manipulation (because of MTU issues)
but that's all. Enlightenment welcome.

A MAY is sufficient for me.
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That's really great - thank you.

On Feb 11, 2008, at 1:51 PM, Stephane Bortzmeyer wrote:

> On Mon, Feb 11, 2008 at 10:45:02PM +0100,
>  Stephane Bortzmeyer <bortzmeyer@nic.fr> wrote
>  a message of 887 lines which said:
>
> > Here is the documentation of the tool, I'll send the actual reports
> > later.
>
> (I forgot to say that the tool was tested only with UDP/IPv4.)
>
>
> Linux (tested on two Debian machines, with kernels 2.4 and 2.6) :
>
> Can set TOS/DSCP (including ECN) - raising precedence requires to be
> root -, TTL and DF.
>
> Can get TOS/DSCP (including ECN) and TTL.
>
>
> FreeBSD (tested on 6.2) :
>
> Can set TOS/DSCP (including ECN) and TTL.
>
> Can get TTL.
>
>
> NetBSD (tested on 3.1) :
>
> Can set TOS/DSCP (including ECN) and TTL.
>
> Cannot get anything.
>
>
> VMS :
>
> Can set TOS/DSCP (including ECN) and TTL.
>
> Cannot get anything.
>


--Apple-Mail-2--1022690667
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<html><body style=3D"word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; =
-webkit-line-break: after-white-space; "><div><br =
class=3D"webkit-block-placeholder"></div>That's really great - thank =
you.&nbsp;<div><br><div><div>On Feb 11, 2008, at 1:51 PM, Stephane =
Bortzmeyer wrote:</div><br class=3D"Apple-interchange-newline"><blockquote=
 type=3D"cite"> <div> <!-- Converted from text/plain format --><p><font =
size=3D"2">On Mon, Feb 11, 2008 at 10:45:02PM +0100,<br> &nbsp;Stephane =
Bortzmeyer &lt;<a =
href=3D"mailto:bortzmeyer@nic.fr">bortzmeyer@nic.fr</a>&gt; wrote<br> =
&nbsp;a message of 887 lines which said:<br> <br> &gt; Here is the =
documentation of the tool, I'll send the actual reports<br> &gt; =
later.<br> <br> (I forgot to say that the tool was tested only with =
UDP/IPv4.)<br> <br> <br> Linux (tested on two Debian machines, with =
kernels 2.4 and 2.6) :<br> <br> Can set TOS/DSCP (including ECN) - =
raising precedence requires to be<br> root -, TTL and DF.<br> <br> Can =
get TOS/DSCP (including ECN) and TTL.<br> <br> <br> FreeBSD (tested on =
6.2) :<br> <br> Can set TOS/DSCP (including ECN) and TTL.<br> <br> Can =
get TTL.<br> <br> <br> NetBSD (tested on 3.1) :<br> <br> Can set =
TOS/DSCP (including ECN) and TTL.<br> <br> Cannot get anything.<br> <br> =
<br> VMS :<br> <br> Can set TOS/DSCP (including ECN) and TTL.<br> <br> =
Cannot get anything.<br> </font> </p> </div> =
</blockquote></div><br></div></body></html>=

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_______________________________________________
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--===============0218047552==--


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Subject: [BEHAVE] Updated rfc3489bis
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I've just submitted an update to rfc3489bis:

http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-behave-rfc3489bis-14.txt

This update reflects the DISCUSS comments raised by IESG. There were 
many discusses and this took some time to address. Below is the full set 
of changes I made to the document. There are some non-trivial ones, 
particularly the retransmission behaviors, MTU, and 
internationalization. So please take a look:

* fixed bug in MESSAGE-INTEGRITY section which gave inconsistent
   advice on usage of the length field in the STUN header

* security considerations section mentions usage of strong passwords
   is a SHOULD

* make more explicit mention of the security problems in rfc3489 and
   why they are mitigated now

* now mandating the use of SASLPrep (RFC 4013) for conveying username
   and processing of password, to deal with internationalization
   issues.

* maximum STUN message size now set to 576 bytes for v4, 1280 for v6,
   when pmtu is unknown. It was previously 1500 when pmtu is unknown.

* default RTO and minimum RTO changed from 100ms to 500ms. Exceptions
   are provided for non-Internet usages and for cases where rate limits
   are determined through other means (for example, ICE's RTP-rate
   matching algorithm). STUN transaction duration changed to 39500ms in
   the default case as a consequence. Also, the duration that a server
   has to generate the same response it sent previously to a request
   (i.e., retransmissions) is moved to 40s.

* clarified that, STUN over TCP is unframed when talking to a server
   you learned through dns or on the default port. Use of framing is
   only in cases where you have negotiated such as part of the usage -
   i.e., ICE connectivity checks.

* removed text that had servers accept new requests and drop existing
   connections in cases of overload. Now, just recommend following
   industry best practices in this area. Clarified that servers have to
   allow clients to close the connection since the client needs to hold
   the connection open to use the binding.

* ALTERNATE-SERVER mechanism requires clients to remember that they
   sent a request to a server previously and not try it again if they
   just tried it within the last 5 minutes. Basically prevents infinite
   ping-ponging of retry loops.

* ICMP failure cases were fuzzy, citing just 'fatal' ones. THis has
   been clarified to mean hard failure codes as defined in RFC1122.

* added a new section defining a 'basic standalone stun server'. This
   basically describes what was previously called the 'binding
   discovery usage'.

* clarified in the security considerations section that the message
   integrity mechanism is not always needed and the usage needs to
   describe this.

* the TLS ciphersuites described for STUN over TCP/TLS apply only for
   cases where STUN is run by itself. When muxed with other protocols
   the rules of that protocol apply.

* mentioned that usage specifications need to discuss the implications
   of RFC4107, which discusses manual vs. automated key management

* pointed to RFC2617 for guidance on NONCE rotation

* when a client is redirected via alternate-server, the text now says
   that the client should use the same transport protoocl used for the
   previous request.

* changed IANA registry rules for error codes from specification
   required to IETF consensus

* noted that the DNS SRV procedures for TCP and TLS are different than
   they were in RFC 3489

* in the FINGERPRINT section, note that this mechanism is not
   compatible with rfc3489 and cannot be used in environments where
   such interoperability is required

* changed the number of retransmissions of a request from 7 to a value
   called Rc which SHOULD be configurable and SHOULD have a default of
   7

* removed the MAY part of: "servers SHOULD run STUN on the default
   port but MAY use others"

* removed the requirement that STUN over TLS be on a different port
   than plain STUN over TCP. If your server software can demux than go
   for it.

-- 
Jonathan D. Rosenberg, Ph.D.                   499 Thornall St.
Cisco Fellow                                   Edison, NJ 08837
Cisco, Voice Technology Group
jdrosen@cisco.com
http://www.jdrosen.net                         PHONE: (408) 902-3084
http://www.cisco.com
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--NextPart

A New Internet-Draft is available from the on-line Internet-Drafts directories.
This draft is a work item of the Behavior Engineering for Hindrance Avoidance Working Group of the IETF.


	Title           : Session Traversal Utilities for (NAT) (STUN)
	Author(s)       : J. Rosenberg, et al.
	Filename        : draft-ietf-behave-rfc3489bis-14.txt
	Pages           : 50
	Date            : 2008-02-11

Session Traversal Utilities for NAT (STUN) is a protocol that serves
as a tool for other protocols in dealing with NAT traversal.  It can
be used by an endpoint to determine the IP address and port allocated
to it by a NAT.  It can also be used to check connectivity between
two endpoints, and as a keep-alive protocol to maintain NAT bindings.
STUN works with many existing NATs, and does not require any special
behavior from them.

STUN is not a NAT traversal solution by itself.  Rather, it is a tool
to be used in the context of a NAT traversal solution.  This is an
important change from the previous version of this specification (RFC
3489), which presented STUN as a complete solution.

This document obsoletes RFC 3489.

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On Mon, 11-Feb-08, at 16:53 , Stephane Bortzmeyer wrote:

> On Fri, Feb 01, 2008 at 01:41:36PM -0500,
>  Philip Matthews <philip_matthews@magma.ca> wrote
>  a message of 33 lines which said:
>
>> What if we come up with something that can be fairly easily done by
>> a unprivileged user-land process?
>
> Even if it were the case (but I'm skeptical), I really cannot
> understand why it is so important. TURN provides a last-resort
> solution to the connectivity problem. The important things is that it
> works, not that it is perfect. Frankly, who uses DSCP bits, anyway?
>
> I understand only the need for DF manipulation (because of MTU issues)
> but that's all. Enlightenment welcome.
>
> A MAY is sufficient for me.
>

I agree with you that TURN is the last-resort solution to the  
connectivity problem. For that reason, the current proposal says that  
the TURN server should try to preserve the DSCP bits IF IT CAN. It  
seems that a TURN server can do this on certain OSes, but not on others.

- Philip
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Subject: [BEHAVE] BCP0135,
	RFC 5135 on IP Multicast Requirements for a Network
	Address	Translator (NAT) and a Network Address Port
	Translator (NAPT)
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A new Request for Comments is now available in online RFC libraries.

        BCP 135        
        RFC 5135

        Title:      IP Multicast Requirements for a 
                    Network Address Translator (NAT) and a 
                    Network Address Port Translator (NAPT) 
        Author:     D. Wing, T. Eckert
        Status:     Best Current Practice
        Date:       February 2008
        Mailbox:    dwing@cisco.com, 
                    eckert@cisco.com
        Pages:      16
        Characters: 36528
        Updates:    
        See-Also:   BCP0135

        I-D Tag:    draft-ietf-behave-multicast-12.txt

        URL:        http://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc5135.txt

This document specifies requirements for a for a Network Address
Translator (NAT) and a Network Address Port Translator (NAPT) that
support Any Source IP Multicast or Source-Specific IP Multicast.  An
IP multicast-capable NAT device that adheres to the requirements of
this document can optimize the operation of IP multicast applications
that are generally unaware of IP multicast NAT devices.  This document specifies an Internet Best Current Practices for the
Internet Community, and requests discussion and suggestions for
improvements.

This document is a product of the Behavior Engineering for Hindrance 
Avoidance Working Group of the IETF.

This document specifies an Internet Best Current Practices for the
Internet Community, and requests discussion and suggestions for
improvements.  Distribution of this memo is unlimited.


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Le Tuesday 12 February 2008 13:22:18 ext Philip Matthews, vous avez =E9crit=
=A0:
> I agree with you that TURN is the last-resort solution to the
> connectivity problem. For that reason, the current proposal says that
> the TURN server should try to preserve the DSCP bits IF IT CAN. It
> seems that a TURN server can do this on certain OSes, but not on others.

One related issue I was wondering about is, how do NATs and firewalls inter=
act =

(or preferably not interact) with the TOS bits.

It is well known that some deployed firewalls screw up with ECN, but I supp=
ose =

it's an issue with the TCP flags, rather than the IP-layer flags, right?

On the other hand, RFC4380, which also tunnels specifically through NATs, d=
oes =

not say anything about preserving the TOS bits. I haven't checked ESP-in-UD=
P.

-- =

R=E9mi Denis-Courmont
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On 19-Dec-07, at 10:14 , Marc Petit-Huguenin wrote:
> There is no explanation on what can be done after an allocation  
> expires.
> Is it possible to create a new one from the same source IP and port?
> With the same username/realm/password?
>

As I think more about this, I now think that the TURN server should  
do the following:
1) It should not reuse the relayed transport address, AND
2) It should reject attempts to re-use the 5-tuple
for some time after the allocation expires.

Point (1) prevents data packets from the peer to the server from  
being delivered to the wrong client. Point (2) prevents data packets  
from the client to the server from being delivered to the wrong peer.

I am thinking that the time should be either 2 minutes (as suggested  
by Dan) or 4 minutes (2*MSL, which is what BEHAVE-TCP uses).

Comments?

- Philip
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Folks,

We will wait a few more days for working group comments on these changes.  If
there are none, we will continue with IESG processing of this draft with the
changes as-is.

Side-by-side differences are available at:
<http://www.tools.ietf.org/rfcdiff?url2=http://tools.ietf.org/id/draft-ietf-be
have-nat-icmp-07.txt> or <http://tinyurl.com/22w7mq>.

-d


> -----Original Message-----
> From: behave-bounces@ietf.org 
> [mailto:behave-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of Lars Eggert
> Sent: Friday, February 08, 2008 1:35 AM
> To: ext Pyda Srisuresh
> Cc: behave@ietf.org; behave-chairs@tools.ietf.org; 
> draft-ietf-behave-nat-icmp@tools.ietf.org
> Subject: Re: [BEHAVE] Fwd: I-D 
> Action:draft-ietf-behave-nat-icmp-07.txt
> 
> On 2008-2-8, at 10:53, ext Pyda Srisuresh wrote:
> > 3. Section 4.1 - Req-3 was subject to most comments from the IESG.  
> > The final
> > text is what we agreed to, with one exception. Lars had a 
> DISCUSS on  
> > the SHOULD
> > requirements for ICMP checksum validation and the checksum  
> > validation of the
> > embedded IP header. I.e., Lars did not think it necessary 
> to have a  
> > SHOULD
> > requirement to validate either of the checksums. However, Lars was  
> > willing to
> > abstain if there is concurrence from the WG with the currently  
> > worded text.
> > Please let us know whether or not there is concurrence to keep the  
> > text as-is.
> 
> Related to this, here's my rationale:
> 
> There's four checksums in an ICMP error packet:
> 
> +-----------+---------------+-------------+-----------------+
> | IP IP-chk | ICMP ICMP-chk | IP2 IP2-chk | Transport T-chk |
> +-----------+---------------+-------------+-----------------+
> 
> IP-chk is the IP checksum of the ICMP error message. The NAT, acting  
> as a router, validates this and drops the packet if it's 
> invalid. (No  
> argument here, I think.)
> 
> In order to forward the packet, the NAT needs to translate the outer  
> IP header - and *only* the outer IP header. This is 
> important, so I'll  
> say it also in a different way: all the other headers don't 
> matter for  
> the purposes of forwarding the ICMP message. What matters is the  
> destination IP address in the outer header (and to a lesser 
> degree the  
> source address, but that is the NAT's own anyway.)
> 
> So, where does the NAT get the destination address it should put in  
> the outer IP header from? From a binding. How does it find the  
> binding? Based on the inner "IP2+Transport" five-tuple.
> 
> Here's our disagreement. You are saying that unless the NAT can  
> validate ICMP-chk and IP2-chk, it should drop the packet. In other  
> words, if there's anything fishy with the payload, don't even try to  
> relay. (Originally, you also said that if it can validate T-chk and  
> it's invalid, it should drop the packet. But I think that's been  
> removed from consideration based on our discussion.)
> 
> I'm of the opinion that ICMP messages are a diagnostic tool 
> that is of  
> value to the end system, and in the spirit of "be liberal in 
> what you  
> send", the NAT should try hard to forward ICMP whenever it can.
> 
> What's the issue with not validating the inner checksums?
> 
> First, the NAT may not have any binding for an invalid five-tuple  
> gleaned from the payload. So the ICMP gets dropped anyway. Effect is  
> the same as if the checksums were validated.
> 
> Second, the invalid five-tuple happens to match the wrong binding.  
> This can cause the ICMP packet to be forwarded to the wrong host.  
> However, most hosts already check incoming ICMP messages before they  
> act on them, and because a translated header with an invalid 
> checksum  
> will most likely come out with a translated invalid checksum, hosts  
> will detect this.
> 
> (And note that the translation of the inner headers isn't needed to  
> forward the ICMP packet - it's needed so that the received can  
> associate the ICMP message with one of its communication sessions.  
> That's the difference I was getting at earlier.)
> 
> So I see little danger in ignoring the checksums and just forwarding  
> things, and some benefit in not complicating NATs with all these  
> checksum validation steps.
> 
> All that said, I realize that I'm arguing about a corner case 
> here. If  
> this still doesn't convince the authors and the WG, I'm confortable  
> with moving to an ABSTAIN, in order to not block this document  
> endlessly.
> 
> Lars
> _______________________________________________
> Behave mailing list
> Behave@ietf.org
> http://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/behave

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	<behave@ietf.org>
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Subject: Re: [BEHAVE] TURN Issue: Preserving bits in the IP header
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> One related issue I was wondering about is, how do NATs and 
> firewalls interact (or preferably not interact) with the TOS 
> bits.

I am not aware of any tests.  You can do your own easily enough --
even Windows XP's built-in PING utility allows setting ToS bits 
using "-v".  However, even "-v 255" on my system only seems to
allow setting the ToS bits to 0x2, according to tcpdump.  My
IOS NAT and my Linksys WRT54G running Tomato both preserve
the ToS value to a host on the Internet.  For whatever that's
worth...

-d

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Subject: Re: [BEHAVE] TURN Issue: Re-using the 5-tuple
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Philip Matthews wrote:
> 
> On 19-Dec-07, at 10:14 , Marc Petit-Huguenin wrote:
>> There is no explanation on what can be done after an allocation expires.
>> Is it possible to create a new one from the same source IP and port?
>> With the same username/realm/password?
>>
> 
> As I think more about this, I now think that the TURN server should do
> the following:
> 1) It should not reuse the relayed transport address, AND
> 2) It should reject attempts to re-use the 5-tuple
> for some time after the allocation expires.
> 
> Point (1) prevents data packets from the peer to the server from being
> delivered to the wrong client. 

I agree with this.

> Point (2) prevents data packets from the
> client to the server from being delivered to the wrong peer.

What happen when a NAT reuse the same port after the expiration of the
binding?

192.168.1.1       208.77.188.166
  Client               NAT               TURN
    | Port 5000         |                 |
    |------------------>| Port 49567      |
    |                   |---------------->|
    :                   :                 :
    |                   | Binding expires |
    :                   :                 :
    | Port 5001         |                 |
    |------------------>| Port 49567      |
    |                   |---------------->| Rejected

If the Binding on the NAT expires after 15 seconds, but the TURN server
rejects allocations two minutes after the expiration of the allocation,
then legitimate allocation from a different port will fail (note that
the NAT should apply the same rule and do not reuse port 49567 for 2
minutes after the binding expires, but you cannot count on it).

A solution would be to have a specific return code in this case, so the
client knows that the NAT reused a port less than two minutes after the
binding expires.  The client can then retry.

Also the I-D should say that the TURN client cannot reuse a port for two
minutes (or perhaps that this should be said in rfc3489bis?)

> 
> I am thinking that the time should be either 2 minutes (as suggested by
> Dan) or 4 minutes (2*MSL, which is what BEHAVE-TCP uses).
> 
> Comments?
> 
> - Philip
> 


-- 
Marc Petit-Huguenin           [                                 ]
Home: marc@petit-huguenin.org [RFC1855-compliant space for rent ]
Work: marc@8x8.com            [                                 ]
[                                                               ]
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...
> A solution would be to have a specific return code in this 
> case, so the
> client knows that the NAT reused a port less than two minutes 
> after the
> binding expires.  The client can then retry.
> 
> Also the I-D should say that the TURN client cannot reuse a 
> port for two minutes (or perhaps that this should be said in 
> rfc3489bis?)

I don't believe rfc3489bis should say anything about this; the MSL isn't
relevant for classic STUN.

In TURN, I would cite as justification for the two minutes Section 3.3 of
draft-ietf-tsvwg-udp-guidelines-05 which reads, in part:

   ...
   Finally, it is important to note that delay spikes can be very large.
   This can cause reordered packets to arrive many seconds after they
   were sent.  [RFC0793] defines the the maximum delay a TCP segment
   should experience - the Maximum Segment Lifetime (MSL) - as 2
   minutes.  No other RFC defines an MSL for other transport protocols
   or IP itself.  This document clarifies that the MSL value to be used
   for UDP SHOULD be the same 2 minutes as for TCP.  Applications SHOULD
   be robust to the reception of delayed or duplicate packets that are
   received within this 2-minute interval.
   ...

-d

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On Tue, 12-Feb-08, at 13:29 , Marc Petit-Huguenin wrote:

> Philip Matthews wrote:
>>
>> On 19-Dec-07, at 10:14 , Marc Petit-Huguenin wrote:
>>> There is no explanation on what can be done after an allocation  
>>> expires.
>>> Is it possible to create a new one from the same source IP and port?
>>> With the same username/realm/password?
>>>
>>
>> As I think more about this, I now think that the TURN server  
>> should do
>> the following:
>> 1) It should not reuse the relayed transport address, AND
>> 2) It should reject attempts to re-use the 5-tuple
>> for some time after the allocation expires.
>>
>> Point (1) prevents data packets from the peer to the server from  
>> being
>> delivered to the wrong client.
>
> I agree with this.
>
>> Point (2) prevents data packets from the
>> client to the server from being delivered to the wrong peer.
>
> What happen when a NAT reuse the same port after the expiration of the
> binding?
>
> 192.168.1.1       208.77.188.166
>   Client               NAT               TURN
>     | Port 5000         |                 |
>     |------------------>| Port 49567      |
>     |                   |---------------->|
>     :                   :                 :
>     |                   | Binding expires |
>     :                   :                 :
>     | Port 5001         |                 |
>     |------------------>| Port 49567      |
>     |                   |---------------->| Rejected
>
> If the Binding on the NAT expires after 15 seconds, but the TURN  
> server
> rejects allocations two minutes after the expiration of the  
> allocation,
> then legitimate allocation from a different port will fail (note that
> the NAT should apply the same rule and do not reuse port 49567 for 2
> minutes after the binding expires, but you cannot count on it).
>
> A solution would be to have a specific return code in this case, so  
> the
> client knows that the NAT reused a port less than two minutes after  
> the
> binding expires.  The client can then retry.

The obvious code to use in this case is 437 Allocation Mismatch.

As I think more about this, I see the following recovery actions for  
the client on receipt of a 437 (in this case or in other cases):
1) If the client sent an Allocate request, then this means that the  
server thinks the allocation already exists for some reason. Since  
the client thinks there is no allocation, its recovery action is to  
try a different 5-tuple.
2) If the client sent any other request, then this means that the  
server thinks the allocation does not exist. Since there is no way  
for the client to recover its allocation, its only recovery action is  
to start over with a different 5-tuple.

If this seems reasonable, I will add some text about how a client can  
recovery from a 437 to the document.

- Philip

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On Tue, 12-Feb-08, at 13:38 , Dan Wing wrote:
>
> In TURN, I would cite as justification for the two minutes Section  
> 3.3 of
> draft-ietf-tsvwg-udp-guidelines-05 which reads, in part:
>
>    ...
>    Finally, it is important to note that delay spikes can be very  
> large.
>    This can cause reordered packets to arrive many seconds after they
>    were sent.  [RFC0793] defines the the maximum delay a TCP segment
>    should experience - the Maximum Segment Lifetime (MSL) - as 2
>    minutes.  No other RFC defines an MSL for other transport protocols
>    or IP itself.  This document clarifies that the MSL value to be  
> used
>    for UDP SHOULD be the same 2 minutes as for TCP.  Applications  
> SHOULD
>    be robust to the reception of delayed or duplicate packets that are
>    received within this 2-minute interval.
>    ...

Thanks for the pointer. I will add this to the document.

- Philip

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On Feb 11, 2008, at 1:53 PM, Stephane Bortzmeyer wrote:

>  The important things is that it
> works, not that it is perfect. Frankly, who uses DSCP bits, anyway?

Many voip deployments use DSCP. When you are running in an enterprise  
environment over a VPN with a DLS line, they can help make sure that  
downloading email does not trash a phone call.



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Correct. It is widely used. 

> -----Original Message-----
> From: behave-bounces@ietf.org 
> [mailto:behave-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of Cullen Jennings
> Sent: Tuesday, February 12, 2008 11:50
> To: Stephane Bortzmeyer
> Cc: Behave WG; Philip Matthews
> Subject: Re: [BEHAVE] TURN Issue: Preserving bits in the IP header
> 
> 
> On Feb 11, 2008, at 1:53 PM, Stephane Bortzmeyer wrote:
> 
> >  The important things is that it
> > works, not that it is perfect. Frankly, who uses DSCP bits, anyway?
> 
> Many voip deployments use DSCP. When you are running in an 
> enterprise environment over a VPN with a DLS line, they can 
> help make sure that downloading email does not trash a phone call.
> 
> 
> 
> _______________________________________________
> Behave mailing list
> Behave@ietf.org
> http://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/behave
> 
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Subject: Re: [BEHAVE] I-D Action:draft-ietf-behave-rfc3489bis-14.txt
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Hi Jonathan


I have two small nits to the new draft-ietf-behave-rfc3489bis-14:



> 7.2. Sending the Request or Indication
>
>   connectivity checks), a client SHOULD space new transactions to a
>   server by RTO and SHOULD limit itself to ten outstanding transactions
>   to the same sevrer.
                ^^^^^^

Typo -> Should be "server"




> 7.3.1.  Processing a Request
>
>   within the last 40 seconds, the server MUST retransmit the same
>   success response.  One way for a server to do this is to remember all
>   transaction IDs received over UDP and their corresponding responses
>   in the last 10 seconds.  Another way is to reprocess the request and


The number of seconds to wait was increased from 10 to 40 in 14. However
only the first value is updated, the value on the last line still says
"10 seconds"




/alfred

Internet-Drafts@ietf.org wrote:
> A New Internet-Draft is available from the on-line Internet-Drafts directories.
> This draft is a work item of the Behavior Engineering for Hindrance Avoidance Working Group of the IETF.
> 
> 
> 	Title           : Session Traversal Utilities for (NAT) (STUN)
> 	Author(s)       : J. Rosenberg, et al.
> 	Filename        : draft-ietf-behave-rfc3489bis-14.txt
> 	Pages           : 50
> 	Date            : 2008-02-11
> 
> Session Traversal Utilities for NAT (STUN) is a protocol that serves
> as a tool for other protocols in dealing with NAT traversal.  It can
> be used by an endpoint to determine the IP address and port allocated
> to it by a NAT.  It can also be used to check connectivity between
> two endpoints, and as a keep-alive protocol to maintain NAT bindings.
> STUN works with many existing NATs, and does not require any special
> behavior from them.
> 
> STUN is not a NAT traversal solution by itself.  Rather, it is a tool
> to be used in the context of a NAT traversal solution.  This is an
> important change from the previous version of this specification (RFC
> 3489), which presented STUN as a complete solution.
> 
> This document obsoletes RFC 3489.
> 
> A URL for this Internet-Draft is:
> http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-behave-rfc3489bis-14.txt
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From: Stephane Bortzmeyer <bortzmeyer@nic.fr>
To: Francois Audet <audet@nortel.com>
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Subject: Re: [BEHAVE] TURN Issue: Preserving bits in the IP header
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On Tue, Feb 12, 2008 at 04:43:43PM -0600,
 Francois Audet <audet@nortel.com> wrote 
 a message of 27 lines which said:

> Correct. It is widely used. 

I was talking about its use on the public Internet (you do not need
TURN if you're entirely inside your own network).
_______________________________________________
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Date: Wed, 13 Feb 2008 12:24:41 +0100
From: Stephane Bortzmeyer <bortzmeyer@nic.fr>
To: Dan Wing <dwing@cisco.com>
Message-ID: <20080213112441.GA31129@nic.fr>
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On Tue, Feb 12, 2008 at 10:25:33AM -0800,
 Dan Wing <dwing@cisco.com> wrote 
 a message of 18 lines which said:

> You can do your own easily enough -- even Windows XP's built-in PING
> utility allows setting ToS bits using "-v".

It may be simpler to use the program I mentioned on that list which,
strangely, was not archived in
http://www.ietf.org/mail-archive/web/behave/. It should work on
Windows, too.

I attach the program again, to compensate for its non-archival.


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From: "Dan Wing" <dwing@cisco.com>
To: "'Stephane Bortzmeyer'" <bortzmeyer@nic.fr>
References: <200802121409.03821.remi.denis-courmont@nokia.com>
	<090d01c86da4$a8078b70$c4f0200a@cisco.com>
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 =


> -----Original Message-----
> From: Stephane Bortzmeyer [mailto:bortzmeyer@nic.fr] =

> Sent: Wednesday, February 13, 2008 3:25 AM
> To: Dan Wing
> Cc: 'R=E9mi Denis-Courmont'; behave@ietf.org; 'ext Philip Matthews'
> Subject: Re: TURN Issue: Preserving bits in the IP header
> =

> On Tue, Feb 12, 2008 at 10:25:33AM -0800,
>  Dan Wing <dwing@cisco.com> wrote =

>  a message of 18 lines which said:
> =

> > You can do your own easily enough -- even Windows XP's built-in PING
> > utility allows setting ToS bits using "-v".
> =

> It may be simpler to use the program I mentioned on that list which,
> strangely, was not archived in
> http://www.ietf.org/mail-archive/web/behave/.

There were some archival issues during the switchover of IETF
servers.  I hadn't realized BEHAVE was affected.  =



> It should work on
> Windows, too.
> =

> I attach the program again, to compensate for its non-archival.

Thanks.
-d

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	<914FB0C9-1F63-4EBB-BADE-26F5506619A7@magma.ca>
	<200801081223.17053.remi.denis-courmont@nokia.com>
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From: "Francois Audet" <audet@nortel.com>
To: "Stephane Bortzmeyer" <bortzmeyer@nic.fr>
Cc: Behave WG <behave@ietf.org>, Philip Matthews <philip_matthews@magma.ca>
Subject: Re: [BEHAVE] TURN Issue: Preserving bits in the IP header
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That, I don't know. Probably need input from service providers. 

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Stephane Bortzmeyer [mailto:bortzmeyer@nic.fr] 
> Sent: Wednesday, February 13, 2008 00:17
> To: Audet, Francois (SC100:3055)
> Cc: Cullen Jennings; Stephane Bortzmeyer; Behave WG; Philip Matthews
> Subject: Re: TURN Issue: Preserving bits in the IP header
> 
> On Tue, Feb 12, 2008 at 04:43:43PM -0600,  Francois Audet 
> <audet@nortel.com> wrote  a message of 27 lines which said:
> 
> > Correct. It is widely used. 
> 
> I was talking about its use on the public Internet (you do 
> not need TURN if you're entirely inside your own network).
> 
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References: <200801030949.41979.remi.denis-courmont@nokia.com>	<914FB0C9-1F63-4EBB-BADE-26F5506619A7@magma.ca>	<200801081223.17053.remi.denis-courmont@nokia.com>	<20080129210631.GA965@sources.org>	<DB1B5B20-335C-467B-97E4-5BAB109C94BB@magma.ca>	<20080130100029.GA11872@sources.org>	<143C83F9-F2EF-4B65-BD4C-99DDDA1586A9@magma.ca>	<20080211215344.GB11292@sources.org>	<90313308-3229-4B02-8307-817962639CE0@cisco.com>	<1ECE0EB50388174790F9694F77522CCF14D1D0FD@zrc2hxm0.corp.nortel.com>
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Stephane Bortzmeyer wrote:
> On Tue, Feb 12, 2008 at 04:43:43PM -0600,
>  Francois Audet <audet@nortel.com> wrote 
>  a message of 27 lines which said:
> 
>> Correct. It is widely used. 
> 
> I was talking about its use on the public Internet (you do not need
> TURN if you're entirely inside your own network).

See also RFC4504 section 2.12.

-- 
Marc Petit-Huguenin           [                                 ]
Home: marc@petit-huguenin.org [RFC1855-compliant space for rent ]
Work: marc@8x8.com            [                                 ]
[                                                               ]
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On Feb 13, 2008, at 12:16 AM, Stephane Bortzmeyer wrote:

> On Tue, Feb 12, 2008 at 04:43:43PM -0600,
> Francois Audet <audet@nortel.com> wrote
> a message of 27 lines which said:
>
>> Correct. It is widely used.
>
> I was talking about its use on the public Internet (you do not need
> TURN if you're entirely inside your own network).

If I was inside my network and wanted to phone someone outside the  
network, I might need TURN.  There also are plenty of internal  
networks that would need TURN for phone calls purely inside the  
internal network.

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On Feb 8, 2008, at 1:33 AM, Alfred E. Heggestad wrote:

> Some SIP UAs have a configurable TOS-value for outgoing SIP and RTP
> packets. is it likely that this value will change during a session?
> No.

There are some video systems that mark the packets for different parts  
of the video stream with different TOS values. The idea is to try and  
bias things so that the important parts of the video stream are not  
lost (Such as I frames). This would result in changing TOS values in a  
single session.



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I'm a bit confused about this whole open issue so take this email with  
a huge grain of salt. Hopefully when I read it in the draft I will  
understand better.

On Feb 12, 2008, at 9:28 AM, Philip Matthews wrote:

>
> On 19-Dec-07, at 10:14 , Marc Petit-Huguenin wrote:
>> There is no explanation on what can be done after an allocation
>> expires.
>> Is it possible to create a new one from the same source IP and port?
>> With the same username/realm/password?
>>
>
> As I think more about this, I now think that the TURN server should
> do the following:
> 1) It should not reuse the relayed transport address, AND

I wonder if you are over engineering this. I'm not sure I understand  
the case you are trying to fix with this right but ... Let's say I  
have a 10 minute permission/binding from device A, and device A is  
receiving streaming video, and I am 2 minutes into the permission when  
a power outage happens at my site. The devices at my site all reboot  
and a different device, device B, gets the IP that device A used to  
have.  For the next several minutes, Device B is going to be getting  
the streaming video packets until the permission expires. It seems  
like we can't fix this but we are trying to fix a far more unlikely  
corner case.

>
> 2) It should reject attempts to re-use the 5-tuple
> for some time after the allocation expires.

I don't know what 5 tuple you are talking about here. If you have a  
have a music on hold server that used a fixed port and public IP, and  
you had a call where when you put me on hold then which transferred  
the audio stream to the music on hold server, then took me off hold,  
then put me back on, it seems like I might want to reuse the same 5  
tuple. Anyways, I could be very confused here - I'm having a hard time  
following what is being proposed so my concern may be totally bogus.

>
>
> Point (1) prevents data packets from the peer to the server from
> being delivered to the wrong client. Point (2) prevents data packets
> from the client to the server from being delivered to the wrong peer.
>
> I am thinking that the time should be either 2 minutes (as suggested
> by Dan) or 4 minutes (2*MSL, which is what BEHAVE-TCP uses).
>
> Comments?
>
> - Philip
> _______________________________________________
> Behave mailing list
> Behave@ietf.org
> http://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/behave

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Subject: [BEHAVE] TURN: ALTERNATE-SERVER
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TURN-06 contains the following text that describes how a TURN server  
can redirect a client to an alternate TURN server:

    When a server returns an error response, it MAY include an  
ALTERNATE-
    SERVER attribute if it has positive knowledge that the problem
    reported in the error response will not be a problem on the  
alternate
    server.  For example, a 443 response (Invalid IP Address) with an
    ALTERNATE-SERVER means that the other server is responsible for that
    IP address.  A 442 (Unsupported Transport Protocol) with this
    attribute means that the other server is known to support that
    transport protocol.  A 507 (Insufficient Capacity) means that the
    other server is known to have sufficient capacity.  Using the
    ALTERNATE-SERVER mechanism in the 507 (Insufficient Capacity)
    response can only be done if the rejecting server has definitive
    knowledge of available capacity on the target.  This will require
    some kind of state sharing mechanism between TURN servers, which is
    beyond the scope of this specification.  If a TURN server  
attempts to
    redirect to another server without knowledge of available capacity,
    it is possible that all servers are in a congested state, resulting
    in series of rejections that only serve to further increase the load
    on the system.  This can cause congestion collapse.

I now realize that there are a couple of problems with this text.  
First of all, this text applies only to the Allocate request; it  
doesn't make sense to redirect a Refresh or ChannelBind request, for  
example.

More importantly, the text says that the referring server must have  
positive knowledge that the error that causes the problem won't occur  
on the alternate server, otherwise there may be redirect loops.  
However, there are three conditions under which a redirect might be  
appropriate: 442 (Unsupported Transport Protocol), 486 (Allocation  
Quota Reached) and 507 (Insufficient Capacity) [the 443 error is  
going away now that we have adopted Cullen's proposal]. If server X  
redirects the client to server Y because of a 442 error, and server Y  
redirects the client back to server X because of a 507 error, then we  
will still have a redirect loop.

One possible fix is to require the redirecting server to have  
positive knowledge that the alternate server will not reject the  
request for ANY of the above conditions.

However, an alternate fix is to rely on new text that was added to  
draft-ietf-behave-rfc3489bis (STUN) since the words above were  
written.  That document now says:

    If the server has been redirected to a server on which
    it has already tried this request within the last five minutes, it
    MUST ignore the redirection and consider the transaction to have
    failed.  This prevents infinite ping-ponging between servers in case
    of redirection loops.

My proposal is to simply remind the TURN implementor of this (new)  
STUN requirement, and remove all the words about "positive knowledge"  
from the TURN spec.

Comments?

- Philip
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On Wed, 13-Feb-08, at 17:58 , Cullen Jennings wrote:

>
> I'm a bit confused about this whole open issue so take this email  
> with a huge grain of salt. Hopefully when I read it in the draft I  
> will understand better.

I am working hard right now on getting TURN-07 out. All these little  
e-mails I am sending are arising from things that strike me as I work  
on it. With all the changes we have made, it will be another major  
revision ...

>
> On Feb 12, 2008, at 9:28 AM, Philip Matthews wrote:
>
>>
>> On 19-Dec-07, at 10:14 , Marc Petit-Huguenin wrote:
>>> There is no explanation on what can be done after an allocation
>>> expires.
>>> Is it possible to create a new one from the same source IP and port?
>>> With the same username/realm/password?
>>>
>>
>> As I think more about this, I now think that the TURN server should
>> do the following:
>> 1) It should not reuse the relayed transport address, AND
>
> I wonder if you are over engineering this. I'm not sure I  
> understand the case you are trying to fix with this right but ...  
> Let's say I have a 10 minute permission/binding from device A, and  
> device A is receiving streaming video, and I am 2 minutes into the  
> permission when a power outage happens at my site. The devices at  
> my site all reboot and a different device, device B, gets the IP  
> that device A used to have.  For the next several minutes, Device B  
> is going to be getting the streaming video packets until the  
> permission expires. It seems like we can't fix this but we are  
> trying to fix a far more unlikely corner case.

I suppose this could happen in an enterprise setting where the NAT or  
FW is on a UPS, but the DHCP server (a different box) is not.

Not sure how likely this case is, but I also don't see any way to fix  
it.

>
>>
>> 2) It should reject attempts to re-use the 5-tuple
>> for some time after the allocation expires.
>
> I don't know what 5 tuple you are talking about here. If you have a  
> have a music on hold server that used a fixed port and public IP,  
> and you had a call where when you put me on hold then which  
> transferred the audio stream to the music on hold server, then took  
> me off hold, then put me back on, it seems like I might want to  
> reuse the same 5 tuple. Anyways, I could be very confused here -  
> I'm having a hard time following what is being proposed so my  
> concern may be totally bogus.

This is the 5-tuple that describes the communication path between the  
client and the server: (client IP address, client port, server IP  
address, server port, transport protocol). This 5-tuple is one way to  
uniquely identify an allocation (the other way being the relayed  
transport address).

I believe you are thinking of the 5-tuple that describes the  
communication path between the server and the peer. I don't think  
there is any problem in the scenario you are talking about  -- but  
hey, I may be wrong.

- Philip
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Subject: Re: [BEHAVE] Updated rfc3489bis
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Hi Jonathan,

Jonathan Rosenberg wrote:
> I've just submitted an update to rfc3489bis:
> 
> http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-behave-rfc3489bis-14.txt
> 

It seems that between -06 and -07 we lost the text that fixed the second
issue discussed here:

http://www.ietf.org/mail-archive/web/behave/current/msg01218.html

It could be also a good thing to add examples for long-term
authentication in draft-ietf-behave-stun-test-vectors.


Thanks.

-- 
Marc Petit-Huguenin           [                                 ]
Home: marc@petit-huguenin.org [RFC1855-compliant space for rent ]
Work: marc@8x8.com            [                                 ]
[                                                               ]
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Subject: [BEHAVE] preliminary agenda posted
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The preliminary agenda for BEHAVE is now at:
  http://www.ietf.org/proceedings/08mar/agenda/behave.html

Please email me for changes or additions.

-d

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Philip Matthews skrev:
> 
> *) Preserving bits in the IP header
> The attendees agreed to the following proposal:
> * Do not set the DF bit if possible (some stacks supposedly always  
> set this bit)
> * ECN bits are not copied
> * TTL bits are not copied
> * DSCP bits are copied if possible (it seems that some stacks allow  
> the DSCP bits to be read, but other do not)
> * The document will discuss in detail the implications of the first  
> bullet on Path MTU Discovery
> The motivation for this proposal has been discussed on the mailing list.
> There was a brief discussion on whether to define a forwarding  
> behavior which mimics forwarding at the IP layer, but none of the  
> attendees was interested in work out or implementing this.
> The attendees recognized that no all views on this issue were present  
> on the call, and so more discussion on this point might be necessary.
> 

Hi,

Sorry for being quite late on commenting on this. However, this is not
acceptable. You are breaking IP functionality by this stated direction.
I do understand that you are trying to do this in OS userland. But if OS
userland doesn't support what you need to be doing, you can't use userland.

You will need to work through this and for each field find what is
acceptable to do or not. Some of these can probably be made to work in a
compliant way combined with the correct relay behavior.

For example ECN can be correctly handled if the all CE (Congestion
Experienced) marked packets when they arrive are dropped by the relay.
However, that is just as likely not implementable in user-land as
copying the value from incoming to outgoing.

Cheers

Magnus Westerlund

IETF Transport Area Director & TSVWG Chair
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Multimedia Technologies, Ericsson Research EAB/TVM
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Ericsson AB                | Phone +46 8 4048287
Torshamsgatan 23           | Fax   +46 8 7575550
S-164 80 Stockholm, Sweden | mailto: magnus.westerlund@ericsson.com
----------------------------------------------------------------------


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On Wed, Feb 20, 2008 at 11:21:50AM +0100,
 Magnus Westerlund <magnus.westerlund@ericsson.com> wrote 
 a message of 54 lines which said:

> You are breaking IP functionality by this stated direction.

I am, as always, very surprised by this argument. NAT breaks IP
functionality. BEHAVE stuff tries to reestablish *some* of the
functionality but it is certainly not realistic to hope that we could
maintain 100 % of the end-to-end experience with BEHAVE protocols,
specially with TURN, which is the furthest away from E2E IP!

IMHO, "keeping IP functionality" is a non-goal.

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Le Wednesday 20 February 2008 13:18:29 ext Stephane Bortzmeyer, vous avez =

=E9crit=A0:
> On Wed, Feb 20, 2008 at 11:21:50AM +0100,
>  Magnus Westerlund <magnus.westerlund@ericsson.com> wrote
>
>  a message of 54 lines which said:
> > You are breaking IP functionality by this stated direction.
>
> I am, as always, very surprised by this argument. NAT breaks IP
> functionality. BEHAVE stuff tries to reestablish *some* of the
> functionality but it is certainly not realistic to hope that we could
> maintain 100 % of the end-to-end experience with BEHAVE protocols,
> specially with TURN, which is the furthest away from E2E IP!

Do you know any NAT that does anything *except* one of the the following wi=
th =

the TOS bits:
- leave them unmodified, or
- reset them to zero.

Do you know any NAT that does anything *except* one of the the following wi=
th =

the TTL:
- decrement it by one unit (and discard the packet if 0), or
- leave it unmodified.

Certainly, if NATs commonly break down upon seeing TOS, we should force the=
m =

to zero. However as a matter of fact, I've been using TOS on my NAT'ed home =

network for the sake of fair queuing, and it works great, and I would rathe=
r =

keep it. In any case, it would seem from earlier discussions that some peop=
le =

*DO* use TOS with traffic that may eventually be relayed with TURN.

As for IP fragmentation, there are many ways NAT may screw it up, but we =

cannot really ignore the problem.

> IMHO, "keeping IP functionality" is a non-goal.

I thought the goal of TURN was to restore IP functionality.

-- =

R=E9mi Denis-Courmont
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Stephane Bortzmeyer skrev:
> On Wed, Feb 20, 2008 at 11:21:50AM +0100,
>  Magnus Westerlund <magnus.westerlund@ericsson.com> wrote 
>  a message of 54 lines which said:
> 
>> You are breaking IP functionality by this stated direction.
> 
> I am, as always, very surprised by this argument. NAT breaks IP
> functionality. BEHAVE stuff tries to reestablish *some* of the
> functionality but it is certainly not realistic to hope that we could
> maintain 100 % of the end-to-end experience with BEHAVE protocols,
> specially with TURN, which is the furthest away from E2E IP!
> 
> IMHO, "keeping IP functionality" is a non-goal.

So you argue that TURN should break things that aren't broken or only 
minor problematic in IP simply because NATs where so badly standardized. 
So any bad thing done previously is a allowing for all future continue 
to do bad things. I don't think so, or at least not on my watch.

Please accept that TURN will not be able to advance until the 
specification explicitly discuss how to threat the IP and transport 
header fields when relaying. And I do expect that these description are 
compatible with the specification of these fields.

Regards

Magnus Westerlund

IETF Transport Area Director & TSVWG Chair
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Multimedia Technologies, Ericsson Research EAB/TVM
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Ericsson AB                | Phone +46 8 4048287
Torshamsgatan 23           | Fax   +46 8 7575550
S-164 80 Stockholm, Sweden | mailto: magnus.westerlund@ericsson.com
----------------------------------------------------------------------

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On Sun, 17-Feb-08, at 15:31 , Marc Petit-Huguenin wrote:

> Hi Jonathan,
>
> Jonathan Rosenberg wrote:
>> I've just submitted an update to rfc3489bis:
>>
>> http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-behave- 
>> rfc3489bis-14.txt
>>
>
> It seems that between -06 and -07 we lost the text that fixed the  
> second
> issue discussed here:
>
> http://www.ietf.org/mail-archive/web/behave/current/msg01218.html

I will let Jonathan address this issue since he is handling STUN  
right now.
>
> It could be also a good thing to add examples for long-term
> authentication in draft-ietf-behave-stun-test-vectors.

This sounds like a good idea.

>
>
> Thanks.
>
> -- 
> Marc Petit-Huguenin           [                                 ]
> Home: marc@petit-huguenin.org [RFC1855-compliant space for rent ]
> Work: marc@8x8.com            [                                 ]
> [                                                               ]
> _______________________________________________
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Marc:
Thanks for the comments. And sorry to be slow in responding. I was  
busy working on TURN-07, which is now almost done.



On Sat, 26-Jan-08, at 09:06 , Marc Petit-Huguenin wrote:

> 1. Section 5.2.1.2: "If the request did not contain a
> REQUESTED-TRANSPORT attribute, the server MUST use the same transport
> protocol as the request arrived on."
>
> As TURN-06 only defines the usage of UDP between the server and the
> peer, I do not see how to implement this.  UDP should be the  
> default if
> there is no REQUESTED-TRANSPORT attribute.

I have totally rewritten this section.
Elsewhere TURN-06 required the Allocate request to contain a  
REQUESTED-TRANSPORT attribute, so I went with that approach instead.  
TURN-07 currently says that the client MUST request UDP, and the  
server will reject any protocols it doesn't support.


>
>
> 2. Section 5.2.1.6: "Note that the LIFETIME attribute in an Allocate
> request can be zero, though this is effectively a no-op, since it will
> create and destroy the allocation in one transaction."
>
> I saw that section 5.2.1.5 now allow the server to reject too short
> values of LIFETIME, which is good.  Let's also reject a LIFETIME value
> of 0 in the Allocate request.

TURN-07 now takes a more radical approach.
Allocation lifetimes now default to 10 minutes. Clients can ask the  
server to increase this, but the server ignores any requests to  
decrease it.
I didn't see any real need for shorter lifetimes.

>
>
> 3. Section 5.2.2: "If its associated Allocate request contained the
> BANDWIDTH attribute, or this Refresh request contained a new BANDWIDTH
> attribute, the response MUST also contain the BANDWIDTH attribute."
>
> I think that this is inconsistent with what is said in section  
> 5.2.1.7,
> were a BANDWIDTH attribute is always added to the response.  I think
> that it should be the same for the Refresh response.

Currently in TURN-07, the BANDWIDTH attribute is always included in  
the response.

>
>
> 4. Section 6.2: "Any other attributes appearing in the message are
> treated as unexpected."
>
> I am not sure what this means, but I hope that this is not meant to
> override rfc3489bis-13 section 7.3.2, i.e. to consider all other
> attributes as comprehension-required attributes and to discard the
> indication if any other attribute appears in the message.  I would
> suggest to remove this sentence completely.

It was not meant to override that section.
Jonathan complained about this too, so I have remove that sentence.

>
>
> 5. Section 17.1, issue #2: "...under the assumption that the IT
> administrator will only allow clients to contact those servers that
> implement whatever permission policy the IT administrator can accept?"
>
> And how the IT administrator knows that the contacted server  
> implements
> the correct permission policy, if the server is not in the domain
> managed by IT and TLS is used between the client and the server?

My idea was that the IT admin would config the firewall to only allow  
TURN traffic to certain IP addresses. But no one seemed to like this  
idea on the conf calls, so I have dropped it.


>
>
> 6. Section 17.1, issue #3: "Port Adjacency"
>
> I do not see what the big deal is with this issue.  The first Allocate
> binds multiple ports and returns the first one.  If it cannot, then  
> the
> Allocate fails.  Other Allocate requests from different tuples
> authenticated with the same credentials can explicitly request the
> additional ports.  If the additional ports are never requested,  
> they are
> deallocated at the same time the first port is deallocated.  And this
> mechanism can be extended in the future by using the remaining bits in
> REQUESTED-PORTS to some other exotic allocation schemes, like  
> requesting
> multiple contiguous ports, or multiple ports that are all subsequent
> prime numbers or whatever.

TURN-07 uses a slightly modified version of Cullen's proposal for  
port properties. This is as per our conf call discussions.

>
>
> 7. Section 17.1, issue #10: "Allowed PEER-ADDRESS values"
>
> The problem is not what is allowed in a PEER-ADDRESS attribute, but  
> what
> values of PEER-ADDRESS are valid for this specification.  I suggest to
> explicitly say in the spec that the usage of multicast addresses,
> broadcast addresses and 0.0.0.0 address is not defined in this spec  
> (but
> can be in extensions) and that a Send indication with this addresses
> will be dropped and a Bind Channel request will be rejected.

The PEER-ADDRESS attribute is now gone (as per Cullen's proposal),  
though I have re-used the codepoint for the new RESERVATION-TOKEN  
attribute that conveys the token in Cullen's proposal.

>
>
> 8. Section 17.1, issue #13: "Re-using the 5-tuple"
>
> A client should be able to reuse the same tuple immediately, with same
> or different credentials.

Currently, TURN-07 requires a 2 minute delay in re-using the 5-tuple,  
as per my e-mail on the subject a week or so ago.

>
>
> 9. Section 17.1, issue #14: "Password change"
>
> TURN, especially when used with SIP, is different from other
> authenticated protocols like HTTP, IMAP, POP in that the allocation  
> can
> have a very long lifetime (excepted when SIP use the charged-by-minute
> model of the PSTN).  So I think that we should define in the spec what
> happen when the password change.
>
> I think that the right solution would be to reject the next Refresh so
> the user is prompted for a new password.  The remaining allocation
> lifetime should be displayed to the user so s/he knows that the
> allocation will expire if s/he does not enter the new password timely.

TURN-07 adopts Rohan's proposal to not say anything about this,  
except that a couple of MUSTs were changed to SHOULDs to allow a  
mechanism to be added.

>
>
> Thanks.
>
> -- 
> Marc Petit-Huguenin           [                                 ]
> Home: marc@petit-huguenin.org [RFC1855-compliant space for rent ]
> Work: marc@8x8.com            [                                 ]
>

Again, thanks for the comments.

- Philip

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On Sat, 26-Jan-08, at 18:29 , Eric Rescorla wrote:

> $Id: draft-ietf-behave-turn-06-rev.txt,v 1.1 2008/01/26 23:08:30  
> ekr Exp $
>
>
> TECHNICAL
> S 4.
> The ALTERNATE-SERVER stuff seems problematic for the reasons
> Cullen indicates. If you're overloaded, better ot simply not
> handle the request and let ordinary H-A methods take over.

I have simplified the ALTERNATE-SERVER stuff in TURN-07, but left it  
in for now.  See my e-mail of a week ago on the subject.  However, I  
have no strong attachment to it, and left it in only because I  
thought there were some who still wanted it. It is listed as one of  
the (currently 2) open issues remaining in the document.

>
>
> S 5.1.1.
>    If the response is an error response and contains a 442, 443 or 444
>    error code, the client knows that its requested properties could  
> not
>    be met.  The client MAY retry with different properties, with the
>    same properties (in a hope that something has changed on the  
> server),
>    or give up, depending on the needs of the application.  However, if
>    the client retries, it SHOULD wait 500ms, and if the request fails
>    again, wait 1 second, then 2 seconds, and so on, exponentially
>    backing off.
>
> I don't see the purpose of this. This kind of backoff is gnenerally
> used for congestion control, but if you're getitng errors you know
> that the packets weren't lost, so why back off?

I have made major changes in this area to try to bring some clarity  
to the various ways a client can try to recover from an Allocate  
error response. The text currently says that a client must wait at  
least one minute before retrying the request (except for a 442, which  
is not likely to change). In the meantime, the client can try a  
different server.

>
> S 5.1.2.
> This 3/4 guidance seems like it's inappropriate in a number of
> respects. Why not simply indicate that clients need to leave
> some time for the refresh.
>
> The idea of refreshing with different bandwidth requested
> seems problematic. What happens if the server refuses? Do you
> need to refresh again with a lower bandwidth if you're willing
> to live with that? A policy that refreshes didn't change anything
> seems more sensible.

I have changed the default allocation lifetime to 10 minutes, which  
the client can increase but not decrease. So the current text  
recommends refreshing the allocation 1 minute before it expires.

You can still change the bandwidth on a refresh. If the client asks  
for less bandwidth, the bandwidth goes down. If the client asks for  
more bandwidth, the server tries to accommodate. If the bandwidth is  
currently 10 and the clients asks for 20 but the server can only do  
15, then the bandwidth is set to 15. Even if the bandwidth cannot be  
increased at all, the request still succeeds.

Having said this, bandwidth is still the biggest open issue in the  
document. I haven't had the time to focus on it, so I just wrote  
something that was vaguely reasonable while I fixed the rest of the  
document. I expect to have extensive discussions on bandwidth once  
TURN-07 gets out.

>
> S 5.2.1.
>    o  If the transport protocol is UDP, and the transaction id in the
>       request message matches the transaction id used for the original
>       allocation, then the server treats this as a retransmission  
> of the
>       original request, and replies with the same response as it  
> did to
>       the original request.  The server may do this by either storing
>       its original response and resending it, or by rebuilding its
>       original response from other state data.
>
> This is a new requirement that's not in STUN (The stun reqt is 10
> seconds) and seems impractical to implement. If I throw an error on a
> transaction, how long do I need to be willing to return the same
> error? Forever?  What seems appropriate here is that as long as an
> allocation exists (And maybe for X seconds afterward) you need
> to return the same response.

We discussed this on the conf call. We will weaken the STUN  
requirement to make the above implementation ok.
And I don't see your point about an error: we are talking about a  
retransmission of the Allocate request here. If the first copy  
generated an error, then the allocation would not be created and the  
above mechanism does not come into play. So the first copy must have  
succeeded, and the problem is only that the success response got lost.


>
>
> S 5.2.1.1.
>    If it does, the server attempts to allocate a transport address for
>    the client.  The Allocate Request can contain several additional
>    attributes that allow the client to request specific  
> characteristics
>    of the transport address.  If it doesn't, it sends an error  
> response.
>
> What error?

This section has been totally rewritten. Cullen's proposal is now  
used, and appropriate error responses are specified.

>
>
> S 5.2.1.4.
> So, I get that you would want an even port for RTP and consecutive
> ports for RTP/RTCP, but are there any implementations which
> need arbitrary odd ports?

As per our conf call, odd ports can no longer be requested.

>
>
> S 6.3.
> This section contains way too much information about the UDP datagram
> (Length, Checksum...)  It should simply specify that a UDP datagram
> with the following contents is sent to the following location as per
> standard procedure.

I have left this for now. Much of this detail was in previous  
versions of TURN, abeit in different words in a different part of the  
text.

>
>
> S 7.7.
>    When the server receives a valid ChannelData message, it forms a  
> UDP
>    datagram as follows: the source transport address is the relayed
>    transport address of the allocation, where the allocation is
>    determined by the 5-tuple on which the ChannelData message arrived;
>    the destination transport address is the peer address to which the
>    channel is bound; the data following the UDP header is the contents
>    of the data field of the ChannelData message; the Length field  
> in the
>    UDP header is set to the Length field of the ChannelData message  
> + 8;
>    and the Checksum field in the UDP header is computed as  
> described in
>
>
> Again, too much information about the UDP header..

See comment above.

>
>
> EDITORIAL
> Abstract:
> Is TURN really "more properly" used as part of ICE?

The idea is that you should really be using TURN with ICE. Can you  
suggest alternate text that expresses this?

>
> S 1.
>    The only way to obtain a UDP transport address that can be used for
>    corresponding with a peer through such a NAT is to make use of a
>    relay.
>
> Well, actually, the only reliable way. You mgiht guess correctly.

OK. I added "reliable".

>
> S 2.5.
>    the client can determine the peer that send the UDP datagram.
>
> s/send/sends/

This text is not in TURN-07.

>
> S 4.
>    After the initial Allocate transaction, all subsequent TURN
>    transactions need to be sent in the context of a valid allocation.
>    The source and destination IP address and ports for these TURN
>    messages MUST match the those used in the initial Allocate Request.
>
> I'm not sure what "in the context means". The seconds sentence seems
> clearer.

TURN-07 spells out the rules around this in greater detail.

>
>
> S 5.2.1.7.
> This section would be imroved by having the required attributes being
> a bulleted list.

This section has been completely rewritten. Lists are used to  
describe both the checks that need to be done, and the attribute that  
must be included in the response.

>
> S 6.
> Merging send and data indications (which are basically unrelated) into
> a single section is really confusing. It would be better to give them
> separate sections.

This section was rewritten to try to make client and server behavior  
clearer. Send and Data indications are now described separately.

>
> There should be some explicit statement of what missing DATA  
> attributes
> are for (keepalives).

There is now an explicit statement.

>
> S 7.
>    As described in the overview, channel mechanism provides a way  
> for a
>    client and server to send application data using ChannelData
>
> s/channel mechanism/the channel mechanism/

I have rewritten this section to try to clarify how things work. This  
sentence vanished in the rewrite.
>
>
> S 7.1.
>
>    Over UDP, the client SHOULD NOT send ChannelData messages on the
>    channel until it has received a ChannelBind Success Response for  
> the
>    binding attempt.  Sending them before the success response is
>    received risks having them dropped by the server if he ChannelBind
>    Request was lost.
>
> I think we discussed this onlist.

This text was moved up one level and rewritten. It now says:

    In the other direction, the client MAY elect to send ChannelData
    messages before receiving the ChannelBind success response.  Doing
    so, however, runs the risk of having the ChannelData messages  
dropped
    by the server if the ChannelBind request does not succeed for some
    reason (e.g., packet lost if the request is sent over UDP, or the
    server being unable to fulfill the request).  A client that  
wishes to
    be safe should either queue the data, or use Send indications until
    the channel binding is confirmed.

I think this captures what we agreed to on the conference call.

>
>
>
> S 11.
>    discovery.  As a consequence, TURN runs on a separate port from  
> STUN.
>    The client discovers the address and port of the TURN server using
>    the same DNS procedures defined in [I-D.ietf-behave-rfc3489bis],  
> but
>    using an SRV service name of "turn" (or "turns" for TURN over TLS)
>
> Didn't we get rid of separate ports?

By default, TURN now runs on the same port as STUN. This can be  
changed using the SRV procedures, or using ALTERNATE-SERVER.

>
>
> S 12.
>    TURN cannot be used by clients for subverting firewall policies.
>
> This is untrue, as acknowledged in the section on using TLS.

I think this is mostly true, which is why we have all the  
restrictions on how TURN can be used.
Do you have a proposed replacement for this sentence?


>
>
>
> -Ekr


- Philip
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At Wed, 20 Feb 2008 11:26:21 -0500,
Philip Matthews wrote:
> On Sat, 26-Jan-08, at 18:29 , Eric Rescorla wrote:
> 
> > $Id: draft-ietf-behave-turn-06-rev.txt,v 1.1 2008/01/26 23:08:30  
> > ekr Exp $
> >
> >
> > TECHNICAL
> > S 4.
> > The ALTERNATE-SERVER stuff seems problematic for the reasons
> > Cullen indicates. If you're overloaded, better ot simply not
> > handle the request and let ordinary H-A methods take over.
> 
> I have simplified the ALTERNATE-SERVER stuff in TURN-07, but left it  
> in for now.  See my e-mail of a week ago on the subject.  However, I  
> have no strong attachment to it, and left it in only because I  
> thought there were some who still wanted it. It is listed as one of  
> the (currently 2) open issues remaining in the document.

Can those who are in favor of this speak up?


> I have made major changes in this area to try to bring some clarity  
> to the various ways a client can try to recover from an Allocate  
> error response. The text currently says that a client must wait at  
> least one minute before retrying the request (except for a 442, which  
> is not likely to change). In the meantime, the client can try a  
> different server.

Again, I'd like to understand why you need to wait at all?


> > S 6.3.
> > This section contains way too much information about the UDP datagram
> > (Length, Checksum...)  It should simply specify that a UDP datagram
> > with the following contents is sent to the following location as per
> > standard procedure.
> 
> I have left this for now. Much of this detail was in previous  
> versions of TURN, abeit in different words in a different part of the  
> text.

Sure, so I should have caught it before, but that doesn't make it
more right.


> > EDITORIAL
> > Abstract:
> > Is TURN really "more properly" used as part of ICE?
> 
> The idea is that you should really be using TURN with ICE. Can you  
> suggest alternate text that expresses this?

I don't see why we should be expressing this sentiment at all.

> > S 12.
> >    TURN cannot be used by clients for subverting firewall policies.
> >
> > This is untrue, as acknowledged in the section on using TLS.
> 
> I think this is mostly true, which is why we have all the  
> restrictions on how TURN can be used.
> Do you have a proposed replacement for this sentence?

"TURN attempts to adhere as closely as possible to common
firewall policies, consistent with allowing data to flow.
For instance, TURN cannot be used to implement an ordinary
server such as a a Web or SMTP server."

-Ekr
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On Feb 11, 2008, at 9:59 PM, Jonathan Rosenberg wrote:
>
> * maximum STUN message size now set to 576 bytes for v4, 1280 for v6,
>    when pmtu is unknown. It was previously 1500 when pmtu is unknown.
>

This breaks the PADDING attribute of nat-behavior-discovery that is  
intended to help probe fragment handling.  Can this be changed to a  
SHOULD?  Alternatively, leave it a MUST but include some text to the  
effect that STUN usages MAY specify exceptions to this rule?

>
> * clarified that, STUN over TCP is unframed when talking to a server
>    you learned through dns or on the default port. Use of framing is
>    only in cases where you have negotiated such as part of the usage -
>    i.e., ICE connectivity checks.
>


I like this text better.  I think this text addresses my previous  
concerns on that issue.

Bruce

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Le Tuesday 12 February 2008 04:59:30 ext Jonathan Rosenberg, vous avez =E9c=
rit=A0:
> * maximum STUN message size now set to 576 bytes for v4, 1280 for v6,
>    when pmtu is unknown. It was previously 1500 when pmtu is unknown.

Should it not be clarified that this is the IP-layer datagram size, not =

the "STUN message size"? In other words, the maximumem STUN message size is =

548 bytes minus would-be IPv4 options resp. 1232 bytes minus would-be IPv6 =

extension headers?

-- =

R=E9mi Denis-Courmont
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Cullen:

Thanks for your comments. Sorry to be slow in responding.
Some of your comments have been overtaken by subsequent discussions,  
but I have made some changes in the document as a result of others.  
See more in-line.

On Fri, 25-Jan-08, at 01:39 , Cullen Jennings wrote:

>
> Gave the document a quick skim. Few comments ....
>
>
> The whole design of refreshing and lifetimes of allocations and  
> permissions seems very disjoint and sub optimal.  I would be  
> tempted to go with allocation go away 30 seconds after they have no  
> valid permissions. Permissions can be updated by client sending  
> data or zero length send. Permissions durations match BEHAVE UDP  
> documents.

Personally, I like your idea that allocations go away 30 second after  
the last permission. However, on the last conf call, so one else was  
in favor. People wanted to keep the explicit refresh mechanism for  
allocations. One reason to keep this is that it provides a way to  
change the allocation bandwidth, which is (currently) another TURN  
feature.

So I have make the following changes instead:
* Permission lifetime is 5 minutes, fixed.
* Channel lifetime is 10 minutes, fixed.
* Allocation lifetime is 10 minutes, adjustable.
The client can increase the allocation lifetime, but cannot decrease it.

For refreshing:
* Permissions are refreshed by sending data to that IP address, or  
with a Data indication with no DATA attribute.
* Channels are refreshed by sending data on that channel, or by  
rebinding the channel to the same peer.
* Allocations are refreshed using the Refresh transaction.

IMO, this simplifies things and gets rid of silly things like a 20  
second allocation lifetime.


>
> Much of the discussions around permissions make them sound like  
> they are not bound to a specific allocation and instead the  
> permissions is granted to the whole TURN server. This needs to be  
> cleaned up. (Normative stuff looks right).

I have rewritten section 2.5 in the Overview of Operation section. It  
now says:
2.5.  Permissions

    To ease concerns amongst enterprise IT administrators that TURN  
could
    be used to bypass corporate firewall security, TURN includes the
    notion of permissions.  TURN permissions mimic the address- 
restricted
    filtering mechanism of NATs that comply with [RFC4787].

    If the client has send data to a peer (via the server) within the
    last 5 minutes, then any peer with the same IP address (the port
    numbers can differ) is permitted to send data to the client.   
After 5
    minutes, the permission times out and the server drops any UDP
    datagrams arriving at the relayed transport from that IP address.
    Note that permissions are within the context of an allocation, so
    adding or expiring a permission in one allocation does not affect
    other allocations.

    Data received from the peer DOES NOT refresh the permission.

In addition, there is now a new section in the normative portion of  
the document that goes into detail on how permissions work. Other  
sections now reference that section whenever they mention one of they  
ways that a client can establish/refresh a permission.

>
> I view the whole redirect to another TURN server as a really bad  
> idea. Not to mention that it conflicts with the 3489 usage of this  
> but even worse, it is highly likely to cause things to fail during  
> overload in a way where the overloaded machine gets bounced around  
> and the system never recovers. I think the SRV mechanisms are  
> sufficient for load balancing, work well, and we should get rid of  
> this stuff.

I have simplified the text, but have left it in for now. But I have  
flagged it as an open issue. Personally, I am happy to take it out if  
no one want it.


>
> Not a big deal but I don't like the waiting to 3/4 of LIFETIME, If  
> the lifetime is 7200 this is way too early - I would prefer  
> something more like LIFETIME minus 5 seconds and some introduction  
> of jitter.

The text now recommends 1 minute before the allocation expires (out  
of min 10 minute allocation lifetime). I think 5 seconds before is  
too short.

>
> section 5.2, 2nd bullet point. It looks like it always replies with  
> 437 to a request over TCP. I might just be reading this wrong.

This section has been rewritten. I think the problem has gone away.

>
> Bandwidth - section 5.2.1.1 I would not want to use the words"  
> determines if there is sufficient capacity" as this may be very  
> hard to do, instead something like "decide if willing to grant this  
> bandwidth". The contract is not guaranteeing a minimum, it is  
> setting a max and suggesting a best attempts will be made to do  
> minimum, We still need to specify the algo for computing this.

The text now uses the word "grant". It also points out that all this  
is really placeholder text and that we still need to work out the  
details.

>
> Section 5.2.1.4: One of the key design points of this protocols is  
> that you can not use it to pick an arbitrary port number to run  
> over. This seems to change that and that is one of the things I  
> feel very strong about. You need to support paired ports for RTP/ 
> RTCP because TURN is the last line of defense that is supposed to  
> always work. I am fine with a protocol where the client asks for a  
> pair and gets X and knows that X+1 is reserved and then requests X 
> +1. I am not ok with a protocol where the client gets to choose the  
> port the server uses.

TURN now uses your proposed mechanism, though I changed the encoding  
details slightly.

>
> 5.2.1.6, 2nd para. The idea that "standard services" run on ports  
> below 1024 does not seem true.

What words would you say here?

>
> Section 6.3 - This should be reworded to say what goes in the UDP  
> payload and then a UDP packets is sent. Once we start talking about  
> forming UDP checksums, it is a sign something is not right :-)

OK, OK!! After your and EKR's comments, I have removed the last two  
bullets. The text now says:

    If the received Send indication contains a DATA attribute, then it
    forms a UDP datagram as follows:

    o  the source transport address is the relayed transport address of
       the allocation, where the allocation is determined by the 5-tuple
       on which the Send Indication arrived;

    o  the destination transport address is taken from the PEER-ADDRESS
       attribute;

    o  the data following the UDP header is the contents of the value
       field of the DATA attribute.

    The resulting UDP datagram is then sent to the peer.  If any errors
    are detected during this process (e.g., the Send indication does not
    contain a PEER-ADDRESS attribute), the received indication is
    silently discarded and no UDP datagram is sent.

I made a similar change in the section on channels.

>
> Section 7.5, first para. Where you have SHOULD use the Channel- 
> Data, I think that has to be a MUST. The server has no way of  
> knowing what the clients bandwidth issues are thus cannot make a  
> reasonable determination.

I have changed it to a "MUST".

>
> Section 2.1. para 2. I find this paragraph somewhat bogus. The  
> visibility of peers to attacker between client and TURN server is  
> not a threat model I have seen brought up before. Doubt it is  
> relevant. I find the argument that TLS has better success rate of  
> traversing firewalls than TCP to be, uh, unproven at best.

Jonathan had a related comment, so we changed the text to the following:

    For TURN clients, using TLS over TCP to communicate with the TURN
    server provides two benefits.  First, the client can be assured that
    the addresses of its peers are not visible to any attackers between
    it and the server.  Second, the client may be able to communicate
    with TURN servers using TLS when it would not be able to communicate
    with the same server using TCP or UDP, due to the policy of a
    firewall between the TURN client and its server.  In this second
    case, TLS between the client and TURN server facilitates traversal.

However, this does not address your first comment.

Do you feel we should drop TLS as a transport to the server for TURN?  
If not, then what benefits do you think it provides?



>
> Section 12
>
> The whole document (not just this section) seems a bit weak on  
> short and long term credentials. My understanding is that we don't  
> want to create unauthenticated open relays. So even if anyone can  
> get an account on a public server, we still want to be able to log  
> what account did what. My recollection of previous conversations  
> when doing STUN bis was the allocated were going to use long term  
> credentials and help set up the short term credentials used to  
> authenticate the data, send, and channel data.  I'm not claiming I  
> corruptly remember any of this but either way, still looks like  
> some work needed here on how this is all authorized.

The idea of using the long-term credential mechanism to set up short- 
term credentials was dropped last spring during the big "finish  
3489bis" push. I convinced Jonathan that it was way too complex. So  
short-term credentials are not used in TURN.

TURN uses only the Long-Term Credential mechanism. Most of the text  
on how it is used has been rewritten in TURN-07. Hopefully the  
details are now clear.

The one point that I am somewhat unsure about is how a public TURN  
server might work. The text currently says that the server SHOULD use  
the Long-Term Credential mechanism, where the idea behind the SHOULD  
is to allow public servers to not do it. But this really weakens TURN  
security. I have added this as an open issue.


> As a trivial side note, it looks like some of the issues with NAT  
> remote in section 12 could be substantially mitigated by clients  
> choosing random channel numbers.

I think they are also mitigated by waiting 2 minutes before the 5- 
tuple (between the client and the server) can be re-used. This is  
what TURN now does.

>
> On the open issues, I don't actually think all of these are open:
>
> 1) thought we agreed to do this

BANDWIDTH is being retained, but the details are still open. TURN-07  
has a placeholder mechanism while we debate the details.

>
> 2) I think we agreed address-restricted. I suspect I was the only  
> person arguing for address-and-port and well, I loose :-)

Yup.

>
> 3) we need this

TURN-07 uses your mechanism.

>
> 4) uh, we are looking for a demux simpler than bit mask 2 bits?  
> Surely you are joking :-) Actually I have no idea if we are done or  
> not here. I think we need to go think carefully about all the demux.

We agreed to keep the mechanism of TURN-06.

>
> 6) any reason why not?

No. So I have adopted this.

>
> 8) I found Magnus and Lars emails about this pretty much sold me on  
> the answer

It seems that Magnus and Lars don't like the current "preserving IP  
header bits" proposal.

>
> 10) A client should only be able to request an IP address returned  
> in allocate response fro the same server and for a allocation that  
> is still valid.

Err... This was not the issue in question.  Anyway, I closed the  
issue as "no restrictions"
>
> 11) we should make this the same as the BEHAVE UDP documents. Note  
> that choices other than this will result in the same long  
> discussions over again and be difficult to implement for some  
> styles of implementations (i.e. windows or unix not running as root).

We agreed to silently discard.

>
> 12, 14 - see previous comments on this

See responses above.

>
> 15 - I don't care but my gut feeling is put on v4/v6 relays for  
> now. Or at least make sure you have the support of the v6ops  
> community before you do it.

The document now prevents v4-to-v6 relaying, and points at Oscar and  
Gonzalo's document as a possible extension to allow this.

>
> Cullen <with my individual contributor hat on>
>

- Philip

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From: Philip Matthews <philip_matthews@magma.ca>
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Subject: [BEHAVE] TURN: Drop ALTERNATE-SERVER?
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Cullen and EKR are both suggesting that we drop the ALTERNATE-SERVER  
mechanism from TURN. They think the mechanism adds complexity for no  
real value. They suggest that the SRV mechanism, combined with an  
admonition for the client to not immediately retry when an Allocate  
transaction fails due to capacity problems, is sufficient to handle  
load balancing

I have recently rewritten the text on ALTERNATE-SERVER for the  
forthcoming TURN-07. The text is simpler, but I tend to agree that it  
does not add a lot of value.

Could anyone who wants it speak up and explain what they want it for?

If I don't hear anything, then the text will probably remain in  
TURN-07, but get removed in TURN-08.

- Philip
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From: Philip Matthews <philip_matthews@magma.ca>
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On Wed, 20-Feb-08, at 11:42 , Eric Rescorla wrote:

> At Wed, 20 Feb 2008 11:26:21 -0500,
> Philip Matthews wrote:
>> On Sat, 26-Jan-08, at 18:29 , Eric Rescorla wrote:
>>
>>> $Id: draft-ietf-behave-turn-06-rev.txt,v 1.1 2008/01/26 23:08:30
>>> ekr Exp $
>>>
>>>
>>> TECHNICAL
>>> S 4.
>>> The ALTERNATE-SERVER stuff seems problematic for the reasons
>>> Cullen indicates. If you're overloaded, better ot simply not
>>> handle the request and let ordinary H-A methods take over.
>>
>> I have simplified the ALTERNATE-SERVER stuff in TURN-07, but left it
>> in for now.  See my e-mail of a week ago on the subject.  However, I
>> have no strong attachment to it, and left it in only because I
>> thought there were some who still wanted it. It is listed as one of
>> the (currently 2) open issues remaining in the document.
>
> Can those who are in favor of this speak up?

Yes. Please do.
(See my separate e-mail to the mailing list about this)

>
>
>> I have made major changes in this area to try to bring some clarity
>> to the various ways a client can try to recover from an Allocate
>> error response. The text currently says that a client must wait at
>> least one minute before retrying the request (except for a 442, which
>> is not likely to change). In the meantime, the client can try a
>> different server.
>
> Again, I'd like to understand why you need to wait at all?

Say the server has run out of ports, and has just rejected allocation  
requests from 20 clients. Do you really think they should immediately  
retry? The chance of something having changed is small, and I am  
worried about what looks like an inadvertent DoS attack.

>
>
>>> S 6.3.
>>> This section contains way too much information about the UDP  
>>> datagram
>>> (Length, Checksum...)  It should simply specify that a UDP datagram
>>> with the following contents is sent to the following location as per
>>> standard procedure.
>>
>> I have left this for now. Much of this detail was in previous
>> versions of TURN, abeit in different words in a different part of the
>> text.
>
> Sure, so I should have caught it before, but that doesn't make it
> more right.

OK. OK! You and Cullen sound like a tag team. ;-)

I have removed the last two bullets (that describe how the length and  
the checksum are computed). See my reply to Cullen for the details.

>
>
>>> EDITORIAL
>>> Abstract:
>>> Is TURN really "more properly" used as part of ICE?
>>
>> The idea is that you should really be using TURN with ICE. Can you
>> suggest alternate text that expresses this?
>
> I don't see why we should be expressing this sentiment at all.

Because TURN is an inefficient solution with certain deficiencies,  
and is thus best reserved for cases where a direct connection cannot  
be established.

>
>>> S 12.
>>>    TURN cannot be used by clients for subverting firewall policies.
>>>
>>> This is untrue, as acknowledged in the section on using TLS.
>>
>> I think this is mostly true, which is why we have all the
>> restrictions on how TURN can be used.
>> Do you have a proposed replacement for this sentence?
>
> "TURN attempts to adhere as closely as possible to common
> firewall policies, consistent with allowing data to flow.
> For instance, TURN cannot be used to implement an ordinary
> server such as a a Web or SMTP server."

OK. I changed the text to read as follows:

    TURN attempts to adhere as closely as possible to common firewall
    policies, consistent with allowing data to flow.  TURN has fairly
    limited applicability, requiring a user to explicitly authorize
    permission to receive data from a peer, one IP address at a time.
    Thus, it does not provide a general technique for externalizing
    sockets.  Rather, it has similar security properties to the  
placement
    of an address-restricted NAT in the network, allowing messaging in
    from a peer only if the internal client has sent a packet out  
towards
    the IP address of that peer.  This limitation means that TURN cannot
    be used to run web servers, email servers, SIP servers, or other
    network servers that service a large number of clients.  Rather, it
    facilitates rendezvous of NATted clients that use some other
    protocol, such as SIP, to communicate IP addresses and ports for
    communications.


>
> -Ekr
>

- Philip

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At Wed, 20 Feb 2008 13:47:14 -0500,
Philip Matthews wrote:
> On Wed, 20-Feb-08, at 11:42 , Eric Rescorla wrote:
> >> I have made major changes in this area to try to bring some clarity
> >> to the various ways a client can try to recover from an Allocate
> >> error response. The text currently says that a client must wait at
> >> least one minute before retrying the request (except for a 442, which
> >> is not likely to change). In the meantime, the client can try a
> >> different server.
> >
> > Again, I'd like to understand why you need to wait at all?
> 
> Say the server has run out of ports, and has just rejected allocation  
> requests from 20 clients. Do you really think they should immediately  
> retry? The chance of something having changed is small, and I am  
> worried about what looks like an inadvertent DoS attack.

Fair enough, but what if your credentials didn't work cause
you mistyped your password?


> >>> EDITORIAL
> >>> Abstract:
> >>> Is TURN really "more properly" used as part of ICE?
> >>
> >> The idea is that you should really be using TURN with ICE. Can you
> >> suggest alternate text that expresses this?
> >
> > I don't see why we should be expressing this sentiment at all.
> 
> Because TURN is an inefficient solution with certain deficiencies,  
> and is thus best reserved for cases where a direct connection cannot  
> be established.

Fair enough, but there might be other ways to know this besides
ICE.


> >>> S 12.
> >>>    TURN cannot be used by clients for subverting firewall policies.
> >>>
> >>> This is untrue, as acknowledged in the section on using TLS.
> >>
> >> I think this is mostly true, which is why we have all the
> >> restrictions on how TURN can be used.
> >> Do you have a proposed replacement for this sentence?
> >
> > "TURN attempts to adhere as closely as possible to common
> > firewall policies, consistent with allowing data to flow.
> > For instance, TURN cannot be used to implement an ordinary
> > server such as a a Web or SMTP server."
> 
> OK. I changed the text to read as follows:
> 
>     TURN attempts to adhere as closely as possible to common firewall
>     policies, consistent with allowing data to flow.  TURN has fairly
>     limited applicability, requiring a user to explicitly authorize
>     permission to receive data from a peer, one IP address at a time.
>     Thus, it does not provide a general technique for externalizing
>     sockets.  Rather, it has similar security properties to the  
> placement
>     of an address-restricted NAT in the network, allowing messaging in
>     from a peer only if the internal client has sent a packet out  
> towards
>     the IP address of that peer.  This limitation means that TURN cannot
>     be used to run web servers, email servers, SIP servers, or other
>     network servers that service a large number of clients.  Rather, it
>     facilitates rendezvous of NATted clients that use some other
>     protocol, such as SIP, to communicate IP addresses and ports for
>     communications.
Looks good.

-Ekr
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Philip,

When I implemented ALTERNATE-SERVER, I felt it was overly complicated  
(it didn't graft into the control flow especially easily), even though  
the concept is simple.  I vote for drop it in favor of SRV.

-brian
briank@briank.com



On Feb 20, 2008, at 10:19 AM, Philip Matthews wrote:
> Cullen and EKR are both suggesting that we drop the ALTERNATE-SERVER
> mechanism from TURN. They think the mechanism adds complexity for no
> real value. They suggest that the SRV mechanism, combined with an
> admonition for the client to not immediately retry when an Allocate
> transaction fails due to capacity problems, is sufficient to handle
> load balancing
>
> I have recently rewritten the text on ALTERNATE-SERVER for the
> forthcoming TURN-07. The text is simpler, but I tend to agree that it
> does not add a lot of value.
>
> Could anyone who wants it speak up and explain what they want it for?
>
> If I don't hear anything, then the text will probably remain in
> TURN-07, but get removed in TURN-08.
>
> - Philip
> _______________________________________________
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From: Philip Matthews <philip_matthews@magma.ca>
Date: Wed, 20 Feb 2008 14:24:49 -0500
To: Eric Rescorla <ekr@networkresonance.com>
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On Wed, 20-Feb-08, at 13:57 , Eric Rescorla wrote:

> At Wed, 20 Feb 2008 13:47:14 -0500,
> Philip Matthews wrote:
>> On Wed, 20-Feb-08, at 11:42 , Eric Rescorla wrote:
>>>> I have made major changes in this area to try to bring some clarity
>>>> to the various ways a client can try to recover from an Allocate
>>>> error response. The text currently says that a client must wait at
>>>> least one minute before retrying the request (except for a 442,  
>>>> which
>>>> is not likely to change). In the meantime, the client can try a
>>>> different server.
>>>
>>> Again, I'd like to understand why you need to wait at all?
>>
>> Say the server has run out of ports, and has just rejected allocation
>> requests from 20 clients. Do you really think they should immediately
>> retry? The chance of something having changed is small, and I am
>> worried about what looks like an inadvertent DoS attack.
>
> Fair enough, but what if your credentials didn't work cause
> you mistyped your password?

This is a 401 error. The text currently says:
    o  401 (Unauthorized): If the client has followed the procedures of
       the Long-Term Credential mechanism and still gets this error,  
then
       the server is not accepting the client's credentials.  The client
       SHOULD notify the user or operator and SHOULD NOT send any  
further
       requests to this server until it believes the problem has been
       fixed.  The client MAY try a different server.

The stuff about waiting at least one minute only applies to errors  
where the server effectively says "I cannot satisfy this request  
right now for capacity reasons, but you are welcome to try again later".

As I said, I completely rewrote all the text on handling Allocate  
errors yesterday because I felt there was a mis-mash of text on how  
they should be handled. In the process, I made a number of changes,  
and it is likely that I got some stuff wrong. How about we pause this  
topic for now until you read the TURN-07? I am just waiting for  
Jonathan's and Rohan's comments before publishing TURN-07 (as co- 
authors, they get first peek, sorry! :-).


>
>
>>>>> EDITORIAL
>>>>> Abstract:
>>>>> Is TURN really "more properly" used as part of ICE?
>>>>
>>>> The idea is that you should really be using TURN with ICE. Can you
>>>> suggest alternate text that expresses this?
>>>
>>> I don't see why we should be expressing this sentiment at all.
>>
>> Because TURN is an inefficient solution with certain deficiencies,
>> and is thus best reserved for cases where a direct connection cannot
>> be established.
>
> Fair enough, but there might be other ways to know this besides
> ICE.

Perhaps. But I still feel that TURN is best viewed as a part of the  
overall ICE solution and I would like to say this somehow in the  
abstract. The STUN (rfc3489bis) abstract has similar words.

>
>
>>>>> S 12.
>>>>>    TURN cannot be used by clients for subverting firewall  
>>>>> policies.
>>>>>
>>>>> This is untrue, as acknowledged in the section on using TLS.
>>>>
>>>> I think this is mostly true, which is why we have all the
>>>> restrictions on how TURN can be used.
>>>> Do you have a proposed replacement for this sentence?
>>>
>>> "TURN attempts to adhere as closely as possible to common
>>> firewall policies, consistent with allowing data to flow.
>>> For instance, TURN cannot be used to implement an ordinary
>>> server such as a a Web or SMTP server."
>>
>> OK. I changed the text to read as follows:
>>
>>     TURN attempts to adhere as closely as possible to common firewall
>>     policies, consistent with allowing data to flow.  TURN has fairly
>>     limited applicability, requiring a user to explicitly authorize
>>     permission to receive data from a peer, one IP address at a time.
>>     Thus, it does not provide a general technique for externalizing
>>     sockets.  Rather, it has similar security properties to the
>> placement
>>     of an address-restricted NAT in the network, allowing  
>> messaging in
>>     from a peer only if the internal client has sent a packet out
>> towards
>>     the IP address of that peer.  This limitation means that TURN  
>> cannot
>>     be used to run web servers, email servers, SIP servers, or other
>>     network servers that service a large number of clients.   
>> Rather, it
>>     facilitates rendezvous of NATted clients that use some other
>>     protocol, such as SIP, to communicate IP addresses and ports for
>>     communications.
> Looks good.

Great! Thanks for the text.

>
> -Ekr
>

- Philip

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At Wed, 20 Feb 2008 14:24:49 -0500,
Philip Matthews wrote:
> 
> 
> On Wed, 20-Feb-08, at 13:57 , Eric Rescorla wrote:
> 
> > At Wed, 20 Feb 2008 13:47:14 -0500,
> > Philip Matthews wrote:
> >> On Wed, 20-Feb-08, at 11:42 , Eric Rescorla wrote:
> >>>> I have made major changes in this area to try to bring some clarity
> >>>> to the various ways a client can try to recover from an Allocate
> >>>> error response. The text currently says that a client must wait at
> >>>> least one minute before retrying the request (except for a 442,  
> >>>> which
> >>>> is not likely to change). In the meantime, the client can try a
> >>>> different server.
> >>>
> >>> Again, I'd like to understand why you need to wait at all?
> >>
> >> Say the server has run out of ports, and has just rejected allocation
> >> requests from 20 clients. Do you really think they should immediately
> >> retry? The chance of something having changed is small, and I am
> >> worried about what looks like an inadvertent DoS attack.
> >
> > Fair enough, but what if your credentials didn't work cause
> > you mistyped your password?
> 
> This is a 401 error. The text currently says:
>     o  401 (Unauthorized): If the client has followed the procedures of
>        the Long-Term Credential mechanism and still gets this error,  
> then
>        the server is not accepting the client's credentials.  The client
>        SHOULD notify the user or operator and SHOULD NOT send any  
> further
>        requests to this server until it believes the problem has been
>        fixed.  The client MAY try a different server.
> 
> The stuff about waiting at least one minute only applies to errors  
> where the server effectively says "I cannot satisfy this request  
> right now for capacity reasons, but you are welcome to try again later".
> 
> As I said, I completely rewrote all the text on handling Allocate  
> errors yesterday because I felt there was a mis-mash of text on how  
> they should be handled. In the process, I made a number of changes,  
> and it is likely that I got some stuff wrong. How about we pause this  
> topic for now until you read the TURN-07? I am just waiting for  
> Jonathan's and Rohan's comments before publishing TURN-07 (as co- 
> authors, they get first peek, sorry! :-).

No problem.


> Perhaps. But I still feel that TURN is best viewed as a part of the  
> overall ICE solution and I would like to say this somehow in the  
> abstract. The STUN (rfc3489bis) abstract has similar words.

Can't say I'm any happier with it there...

-Ekr
 
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Philip Matthews wrote:
> =

> On Sun, 17-Feb-08, at 15:31 , Marc Petit-Huguenin wrote:
>>
>> It could be also a good thing to add examples for long-term
>> authentication in draft-ietf-behave-stun-test-vectors.
> =

> This sounds like a good idea.
> =


So I propose to add the following text:

2.4.  Sample request with long-term authentication

   This request uses the following parameters (without quotes):
   Username:  "username"
   Nonce:     "f//499k954d6OL34oL9FSTvy64sA"
   Realm:     "example.org"
   Password:  "The=AD<U+00AD>M<U+00AA>tr<U+2168>"

00 01 00 54     Request type and message length
21 12 a4 42     Message cookie
57 ca b8 83  }
cd ec 6c 2a  }  Transaction ID
2d 4f 63 68  }
00 06 00 08     USERNAME attribute header
75 73 65 72  }  Username (8 bytes)
6e 61 6d 65  }
00 15 00 1c     NONCE attribute header
66 2f 2f 34  }
39 39 6b 39  }
35 34 64 36  }
4f 4c 33 34  }  Nonce value
6f 4c 39 46  }
53 54 76 79  }
36 34 73 41  }
00 14 00 0b     REALM attribute header
65 78 61 6d  }
70 6c 65 2e  }  Realm value (11 bytes) and padding (1 byte)
6f 72 67 00  }
00 08 00 14     MESSAGE-INTEGRITY attribute header
27 ca 6a b8  }
0f aa f2 67  }
85 b9 dd 0f  }  HMAC-SHA1 value
2e 17 68 0f  }
85 60 98 4b  }

-- =

Marc Petit-Huguenin           [                                 ]
Home: marc@petit-huguenin.org [RFC1855-compliant space for rent ]
Work: marc@8x8.com            [                                 ]
[                                                               ]
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> > "TURN attempts to adhere as closely as possible to common
> > firewall policies, consistent with allowing data to flow.
> > For instance, TURN cannot be used to implement an ordinary
> > server such as a a Web or SMTP server."
> 
> OK. I changed the text to read as follows:
> 
>     TURN attempts to adhere as closely as possible to common firewall
>     policies, consistent with allowing data to flow.  TURN has fairly
>     limited applicability, requiring a user to explicitly authorize
>     permission to receive data from a peer, one IP address at a time.
>     Thus, it does not provide a general technique for externalizing
>     sockets.  Rather, it has similar security properties to the  
> placement
>     of an address-restricted NAT in the network, allowing messaging in
>     from a peer only if the internal client has sent a packet out  
> towards
>     the IP address of that peer.  This limitation means that 
> TURN cannot
>     be used to run web servers, email servers, SIP servers, or other
>     network servers that service a large number of clients.  

TURN can't listen for incoming TCP connections at all, so referencing web
(HTTP) or email (SMTP/IMAP/POP) servers, which all use TCP, doesn't make
sense.  TURN-TCP could potentially do that, but I expect we will castrate
TURN-TCP in a similar manner to prevent such use.  You might also want to
explicitly point out, in this same paragraph, that TURN can only establish UDP
connections to remote peers.

Please reduce the reference to UDP servers, and use "e.g.".  A reasonable list
of interesting UDP servers might be NTP, SIP, and TFTP.  

-d

> Rather, it
>     facilitates rendezvous of NATted clients that use some other
>     protocol, such as SIP, to communicate IP addresses and ports for
>     communications.


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From: Philip Matthews <philip_matthews@magma.ca>
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How about showing an example with a realm or username that uses  
characters outside the ASCII subset of UTF-8?

- Philip

On Wed, 20-Feb-08, at 15:04 , Marc Petit-Huguenin wrote:

> Philip Matthews wrote:
>>
>> On Sun, 17-Feb-08, at 15:31 , Marc Petit-Huguenin wrote:
>>>
>>> It could be also a good thing to add examples for long-term
>>> authentication in draft-ietf-behave-stun-test-vectors.
>>
>> This sounds like a good idea.
>>
>
> So I propose to add the following text:
>
> 2.4.  Sample request with long-term authentication
>
>    This request uses the following parameters (without quotes):
>    Username:  "username"
>    Nonce:     "f//499k954d6OL34oL9FSTvy64sA"
>    Realm:     "example.org"
>    Password:  "The <U+00AD>M<U+00AA>tr<U+2168>"
>
> 00 01 00 54     Request type and message length
> 21 12 a4 42     Message cookie
> 57 ca b8 83  }
> cd ec 6c 2a  }  Transaction ID
> 2d 4f 63 68  }
> 00 06 00 08     USERNAME attribute header
> 75 73 65 72  }  Username (8 bytes)
> 6e 61 6d 65  }
> 00 15 00 1c     NONCE attribute header
> 66 2f 2f 34  }
> 39 39 6b 39  }
> 35 34 64 36  }
> 4f 4c 33 34  }  Nonce value
> 6f 4c 39 46  }
> 53 54 76 79  }
> 36 34 73 41  }
> 00 14 00 0b     REALM attribute header
> 65 78 61 6d  }
> 70 6c 65 2e  }  Realm value (11 bytes) and padding (1 byte)
> 6f 72 67 00  }
> 00 08 00 14     MESSAGE-INTEGRITY attribute header
> 27 ca 6a b8  }
> 0f aa f2 67  }
> 85 b9 dd 0f  }  HMAC-SHA1 value
> 2e 17 68 0f  }
> 85 60 98 4b  }
>
> -- 
> Marc Petit-Huguenin           [                                 ]
> Home: marc@petit-huguenin.org [RFC1855-compliant space for rent ]
> Work: marc@8x8.com            [                                 ]
> [                                                               ]
>

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On Wed, 20-Feb-08, at 15:21 , Dan Wing wrote:

>>> "TURN attempts to adhere as closely as possible to common
>>> firewall policies, consistent with allowing data to flow.
>>> For instance, TURN cannot be used to implement an ordinary
>>> server such as a a Web or SMTP server."
>>
>> OK. I changed the text to read as follows:
>>
>>     TURN attempts to adhere as closely as possible to common firewall
>>     policies, consistent with allowing data to flow.  TURN has fairly
>>     limited applicability, requiring a user to explicitly authorize
>>     permission to receive data from a peer, one IP address at a time.
>>     Thus, it does not provide a general technique for externalizing
>>     sockets.  Rather, it has similar security properties to the
>> placement
>>     of an address-restricted NAT in the network, allowing  
>> messaging in
>>     from a peer only if the internal client has sent a packet out
>> towards
>>     the IP address of that peer.  This limitation means that
>> TURN cannot
>>     be used to run web servers, email servers, SIP servers, or other
>>     network servers that service a large number of clients.
>
> TURN can't listen for incoming TCP connections at all, so  
> referencing web
> (HTTP) or email (SMTP/IMAP/POP) servers, which all use TCP, doesn't  
> make
> sense.  TURN-TCP could potentially do that, but I expect we will  
> castrate
> TURN-TCP in a similar manner to prevent such use.  You might also  
> want to
> explicitly point out, in this same paragraph, that TURN can only  
> establish UDP
> connections to remote peers.
>
> Please reduce the reference to UDP servers, and use "e.g.".  A  
> reasonable list
> of interesting UDP servers might be NTP, SIP, and TFTP.
>
> -d

Done.

(Confession time: I didn't even look at the security considerations  
section until now, so it might well be out-of-date from all the  
changes that have been made recently to TURN.)

- Philip

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Philip Matthews wrote:
> How about showing an example with a realm or username that uses
> characters outside the ASCII subset of UTF-8?

OK, what about this (username is "Matorikkusu" - aka The Matrix -  in
katakana):

2.4.  Sample request with long-term authentication

   This request uses the following parameters (without quotes):
   Username:  "<U+30DE><U+30C8><U+30EA><U+30C3><U+30AF><U+30B9>"
   Nonce:     "f//499k954d6OL34oL9FSTvy64sA"
   Realm:     "example.org"
   Password:  "The=AD<U+00AD>M<U+00AA>tr<U+2168>"


00 01 00 60     Request type and message length
21 12 a4 42     Message cookie
78 ad 34 33  }
c6 ad 72 c0  }  Transaction ID
29 da 41 2e  }
00 06 00 12     USERNAME attribute header
e3 83 9e e3  }
83 88 e3 83  }
aa e3 83 83  }  Username value (18 bytes) and padding (2 bytes)
e3 82 af e3  }
82 b9 00 00  }
00 15 00 1c     NONCE attribute header
66 2f 2f 34  }
39 39 6b 39  }
35 34 64 36  }
4f 4c 33 34  }  Nonce value
6f 4c 39 46  }
53 54 76 79  }
36 34 73 41  }
00 14 00 0b     REALM attribute header
65 78 61 6d  }
70 6c 65 2e  }  Realm value (11 bytes) and padding (1 byte)
6f 72 67 00  }
00 08 00 14     MESSAGE-INTEGRITY attribute header
f6 70 24 65  }
6d d6 4a 3e  }
02 b8 e0 71  }  HMAC-SHA1 value
2e 85 c9 a2  }
8c a8 96 66  }

>
> - Philip
>
> On Wed, 20-Feb-08, at 15:04 , Marc Petit-Huguenin wrote:
>
>> Philip Matthews wrote:
>>>
>>> On Sun, 17-Feb-08, at 15:31 , Marc Petit-Huguenin wrote:
>>>>
>>>> It could be also a good thing to add examples for long-term
>>>> authentication in draft-ietf-behave-stun-test-vectors.
>>>
>>> This sounds like a good idea.
>>>

-- =

Marc Petit-Huguenin           [                                 ]
Home: marc@petit-huguenin.org [RFC1855-compliant space for rent ]
Work: marc@8x8.com            [                                 ]
[                                                               ]
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From: =?iso-8859-1?q?R=E9mi_Denis-Courmont?= <remi.denis-courmont@nokia.com>
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	Hello,

It was already discussed in Vancouver. I tried to flesh the document out. I=
t's =

essentially the same as BEHAVE-TCP, adapted to DCCP (assuming that DCCP =

simulatenous open goes forward in DCCP wg). There is one exception though: =

the ALG requirement. Currently, they are forbidden for DCCP, while they are =

merely discouraged for TCP. I cannot think of a way they'd cope with the =

lossiness of DCCP, except perhaps if they never alter the payload size.

I haven't heard of any deployed DCCP ALG anyway.

Regards,

-- =

R=E9mi Denis-Courmont
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Subject: Re: [BEHAVE] draft-denis-behave-nat-dccp updated
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Have you (or someone else) heard about deployments of DCCP?

R=E9mi Denis-Courmont wrote:
> 	Hello,
>
> It was already discussed in Vancouver. I tried to flesh the document out.=
 It's =

> essentially the same as BEHAVE-TCP, adapted to DCCP (assuming that DCCP =

> simulatenous open goes forward in DCCP wg). There is one exception though=
: =

> the ALG requirement. Currently, they are forbidden for DCCP, while they a=
re =

> merely discouraged for TCP. I cannot think of a way they'd cope with the =

> lossiness of DCCP, except perhaps if they never alter the payload size.
>
> I haven't heard of any deployed DCCP ALG anyway.
>
> Regards,
>
>   =


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Subject: Re: [BEHAVE] TURN: Drop ALTERNATE-SERVER?
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Philip Matthews wrote:
> Cullen and EKR are both suggesting that we drop the ALTERNATE-SERVER
> mechanism from TURN. They think the mechanism adds complexity for no
> real value. They suggest that the SRV mechanism, combined with an
> admonition for the client to not immediately retry when an Allocate
> transaction fails due to capacity problems, is sufficient to handle
> load balancing
>
> I have recently rewritten the text on ALTERNATE-SERVER for the
> forthcoming TURN-07. The text is simpler, but I tend to agree that it
> does not add a lot of value.
>
> Could anyone who wants it speak up and explain what they want it for?

The problem here is that using SRV RR is not a replacement for all the
usages of ALTERNATE-SERVER.  I would agree 100% to remove
ALTERNATE-SERVER if its only usage was for load balancing, but there is
other usages.  In fact I suggested multiple times that it would be more
useful to return a domain name instead of an IP address, but even with
only one IP address returned it is still possible to do something useful.

I have two examples of usages:

First example is for the clients that does not implement SRV RR.  In
this case, the client contacts the TURN server at the IP address (A or
AAAA) of the domain and the default port for TURN (let's say 3479).
Running at this IP address/port is a simple server that queries the DNS
for the SRV RR of the domain, runs the RFC 2782 algorithm and returns an
IP address in the ALTERNATE-SERVER attribute.  Failover and priority
will not work, but at least the requests will be balanced between the
servers according to the weight in the SRV RR.  The client will not work
better but it has less chance to overload the servers.

Second example is to redirect a client to a "closer" TURN server.  I
explained how this could work with a domain name returned instead of an
IP address in this email:

http://www.ietf.org/mail-archive/web/behave/current/msg02716.html

Even without the domain name, it is possible to redirect to a closer
server, which is better than nothing.  Note that anycast does not work
for this example, as explained in rfc3489bis, section 7.2.

So as a conclusion, I would like to keep ALTERNATE-SERVER if there is
not a better mechanism to redirect for *other* reasons than
load-balancing.  If ALTERNATE-SERVER is kept in its current form, I
would suggest to add some text that strongly advise against using it for
load balancing.

Thanks.

-- 
Marc Petit-Huguenin           [                                 ]
Home: marc@petit-huguenin.org [RFC1855-compliant space for rent ]
Work: marc@8x8.com            [                                 ]
[                                                               ]
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From: =?iso-8859-1?q?R=E9mi_Denis-Courmont?= <remi.denis-courmont@nokia.com>
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Le Friday 22 February 2008 01:58:41 ext Marc Petit-Huguenin, vous avez =E9c=
rit=A0:
> First example is for the clients that does not implement SRV RR.

As far as I remember, SRV is a MUST anyway, and I would not bother trying t=
o =

support non-standard clients in a standard specification.

-- =

R=E9mi Denis-Courmont
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Subject: Re: [BEHAVE] TURN: Drop ALTERNATE-SERVER?
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R=E9mi Denis-Courmont wrote:
> Le Friday 22 February 2008 01:58:41 ext Marc Petit-Huguenin, vous avez =
=E9crit :
>> First example is for the clients that does not implement SRV RR.
> =

> As far as I remember, SRV is a MUST anyway, and I would not bother trying=
 to =

> support non-standard clients in a standard specification.
> =


I am not suggesting to add text to support non-standard clients, I am
trying to show that there is other usages to ALTERNATE-SERVER than
load-balancing.

-- =

Marc Petit-Huguenin           [                                 ]
Home: marc@petit-huguenin.org [RFC1855-compliant space for rent ]
Work: marc@8x8.com            [                                 ]
[                                                               ]
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From: Bruce Lowekamp <lowekamp@sipeerior.com>
Date: Fri, 22 Feb 2008 11:05:38 -0500
To: Alfred E. Heggestad <aeh@db.org>
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Subject: Re: [BEHAVE] Comments on draft-ietf-behave-nat-behavior-discovery-02
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Alfred,

Thanks for the feedback.  I really regret not objecting to the non- 
orthogonal endpoint-independent and address-dependent combination in  
4787, but I made a pass through the whole document to make the  
terminology correct (including the hyphenation), so it should be  
fixed in -03.  Also clarified the ALG text.

Thanks for the comments.

Bruce

On Dec 9, 2007, at 11:40 AM, Alfred E. Heggestad wrote:

> Comments on draft-ietf-behave-nat-behavior-discovery-02
>
> by Alfred E. Heggestad <aeh@db.org>
> 9. Dec 2007
>
>
>
>
> > 2.2.  Example Use with P2P Overlays
> >
> >   behind NATs to avoid the cost of dedicated servers.  A supernode
> >   candidate requires that its NAT(s) offer(s) Address Independent
> >   Filtering.                                  ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
> >   ^^^^^^^^^
>
> There is no such things as "Address Independent Filtering". See RFC  
> 4787
> for the definitions. What you probably mean here is "Endpoint  
> Independent"
> filtering
>
>
>
>
> > 3.6.  Detecting Generic ALGs
> >
>
> It should be noted wether this test is applicable to UDP, TCP, TLS  
> over TCP.
>
>
>
>
> > 4.3.  Determining NAT Filtering Behavior
> >
> >   its alternate IP address and alternate port.  If the client  
> receives
> >   a response the current behaviour of the NAT is Address Independent
> >   Filtering.                                     ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
> >   ^^^^^^^^^
>
> There is no such things as "Address Independent Filtering". See RFC  
> 4787
> for the definitions. What you probably mean here is "Endpoint  
> Independent"
> filtering
>
>
>
>
>

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Yes, I will clarify this.

I'll also change to SHOULD per Bruce's comment, and clarify in the text =

that this is a SHOULD and not a MUST to deal with cases where STUN is =

used explicitly to probe fragment handling.

-Jonathan R.

R=E9mi Denis-Courmont wrote:
> Le Tuesday 12 February 2008 04:59:30 ext Jonathan Rosenberg, vous avez =
=E9crit :
>> * maximum STUN message size now set to 576 bytes for v4, 1280 for v6,
>>    when pmtu is unknown. It was previously 1500 when pmtu is unknown.
> =

> Should it not be clarified that this is the IP-layer datagram size, not =

> the "STUN message size"? In other words, the maximumem STUN message size =
is =

> 548 bytes minus would-be IPv4 options resp. 1232 bytes minus would-be IPv=
6 =

> extension headers?
> =


-- =

Jonathan D. Rosenberg, Ph.D.                   499 Thornall St.
Cisco Fellow                                   Edison, NJ 08837
Cisco, Voice Technology Group
jdrosen@cisco.com
http://www.jdrosen.net                         PHONE: (408) 902-3084
http://www.cisco.com
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Wow, that is a great catch. I'll submit a -15 with this included.

-Jonathan R.

Marc Petit-Huguenin wrote:
> Hi Jonathan,
> 
> Jonathan Rosenberg wrote:
>> I've just submitted an update to rfc3489bis:
>>
>> http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-behave-rfc3489bis-14.txt
>>
> 
> It seems that between -06 and -07 we lost the text that fixed the second
> issue discussed here:
> 
> http://www.ietf.org/mail-archive/web/behave/current/msg01218.html
> 
> It could be also a good thing to add examples for long-term
> authentication in draft-ietf-behave-stun-test-vectors.
> 
> 
> Thanks.
> 

-- 
Jonathan D. Rosenberg, Ph.D.                   499 Thornall St.
Cisco Fellow                                   Edison, NJ 08837
Cisco, Voice Technology Group
jdrosen@cisco.com
http://www.jdrosen.net                         PHONE: (408) 902-3084
http://www.cisco.com
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Just submitted:
http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-behave-rfc3489bis-15.txt

Changes based on recent comments:

* MTU limit from MUST to SHOULD, with an explanation of why (namely, 
behavior discovery)

* added clarification on MD5 being the 16 byte output and not ascii 
armored, also including an example. This was some text that was in 
3489bis till -05 and got lost in the big rewrite to -06.

* clarified that the MTU limit applies to the entire datagram and not 
just the STUN message

-Jonathan R.
-- 
Jonathan D. Rosenberg, Ph.D.                   499 Thornall St.
Cisco Fellow                                   Edison, NJ 08837
Cisco, Voice Technology Group
jdrosen@cisco.com
http://www.jdrosen.net                         PHONE: (408) 902-3084
http://www.cisco.com
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A New Internet-Draft is available from the on-line Internet-Drafts directories.
This draft is a work item of the Behavior Engineering for Hindrance Avoidance Working Group of the IETF.


	Title           : Session Traversal Utilities for (NAT) (STUN)
	Author(s)       : J. Rosenberg, et al.
	Filename        : draft-ietf-behave-rfc3489bis-15.txt
	Pages           : 51
	Date            : 2008-02-23

Session Traversal Utilities for NAT (STUN) is a protocol that serves
as a tool for other protocols in dealing with NAT traversal.  It can
be used by an endpoint to determine the IP address and port allocated
to it by a NAT.  It can also be used to check connectivity between
two endpoints, and as a keep-alive protocol to maintain NAT bindings.
STUN works with many existing NATs, and does not require any special
behavior from them.

STUN is not a NAT traversal solution by itself.  Rather, it is a tool
to be used in the context of a NAT traversal solution.  This is an
important change from the previous version of this specification (RFC
3489), which presented STUN as a complete solution.

This document obsoletes RFC 3489.

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On Sat, 23-Feb-08, at 14:23 , Jonathan Rosenberg wrote:

> Just submitted:
> http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-behave- 
> rfc3489bis-15.txt
>
> Changes based on recent comments:
>
> * MTU limit from MUST to SHOULD, with an explanation of why (namely,
> behavior discovery)

We also need this for TURN. Though TURN-07 says that an application  
using TURN should either do Path MTU discovery or obey these limits,  
I don't think that TURN client or server code should drop application  
data if the resulting Send or Data indication would violate these  
limits.

>
> * added clarification on MD5 being the 16 byte output and not ascii
> armored, also including an example. This was some text that was in
> 3489bis till -05 and got lost in the big rewrite to -06.

Actually, the big rewrite was -07 and thus most likely my fault. Sorry.

>
> * clarified that the MTU limit applies to the entire datagram and not
> just the STUN message
>
> -Jonathan R.
> -- 
> Jonathan D. Rosenberg, Ph.D.                   499 Thornall St.
> Cisco Fellow                                   Edison, NJ 08837
> Cisco, Voice Technology Group
> jdrosen@cisco.com
> http://www.jdrosen.net                         PHONE: (408) 902-3084
> http://www.cisco.com
> _______________________________________________
> Behave mailing list
> Behave@ietf.org
> http://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/behave
>

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A New Internet-Draft is available from the on-line Internet-Drafts directories.
This draft is a work item of the Behavior Engineering for Hindrance Avoidance Working Group of the IETF.


	Title           : Traversal Using Relays around NAT (TURN): Relay Extensions to Session Traversal Utilities for NAT (STUN)
	Author(s)       : J. Rosenberg, et al.
	Filename        : draft-ietf-behave-turn-07.txt
	Pages           : 49
	Date            : 2008-02-25

If a host is located behind a NAT, then in certain situations it can
be impossible for that host to communicate directly with other hosts
(peers) located behind other NATs.  In these situations, it is
necessary for the host to use the services of an intermediate node
that acts as a communication relay.  This specification defines a
protocol, called TURN (Traversal Using Relays around NAT), that
allows the host to control the operation of the relay and to exchange
packets with its peers using the relay.

The TURN protocol can be used in isolation, but is more properly used
as part of the ICE (Interactive Connectivity Establishment) approach
to NAT traversal.

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Subject: [BEHAVE] draft-ietf-behave-turn-07 submitted
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Folks:

I have just submitted the -07 version of TURN to the repository.

Much of the draft has been rewritten since the -06 version. All the  
changes that we have agreed on since the -06 version have been  
implemented. In addition, for the minor issues that we never  
discussed, I simply selected what I thought was the best solution. I  
also discovered some minor things as I was writing and changed the  
text to fix them. Finally, a number of sections were rewritten simply  
to try to improve the presentation.

There are three open issues left in the document. They are listed in  
section 20. By far the biggest is what to do about the BANDWIDTH  
attribute. We have agreed to leave this in, but more clarification on  
what I means is still required. I did not have time to research this,  
so I simply put a placeholder proposal into the document. This was  
mostly to allow people who wanted to to implement something, rather  
than being a serious proposal. I plan to research a more serious  
proposal soon, so we can discuss it at Philly.


- Philip

19.1.  Changes from -06 to -07

    o  Rewrote the General Behavior section, making various changes in
       the process.

    o  Changed the usage of authentication from MUST to SHOULD.

    o  Changed the requirement that subsequent requests use the same
       username and password from MUST to SHOULD to allow for the
       possibility of changing the credentials using some unspecified
       mechanism.

    o  Introduced a 438 (Wrong Credentials) error which is used when a
       non-Allocate request authenticates but does not use the same
       username and password as the Allocate request.  Having a separate
       error code for this case avoids the client being confused over
       what the error actually is.

    o  The server must now prevent the relayed transport address and the
       5-tuple from being reused in different allocations for 2 minutes
       after the allocation expires.

    o  Changed the usage of FINGERPRINT from MUST NOT to MAY, to allow
       for the possible multiplexing of TURN with some other protocol.

    o  Rewrote much of the section on Allocations, splitting it into
       three new sections (one on allocations in general, one on  
creating
       an allocation, and one on refreshing an allocation).

    o  Replaced the mechanism for requesting relayed transport addresses
       with specific properties.  The new mechanism is less powerful: a
       client can request an even port, or a pair of ports, but cannot
       request a single odd port or a specific port as was possible  
under
       the old mechanism.  Nor can the client request a specific IP
       address.

    o  Changed the rules for handling ALTERNATE-SERVER, removing the
       requirement that the referring server have "positive knowledge"
       about the state of the alternate server.  The new rules instead
       rely on text in STUN to prevent referral loops.

    o  Changed the rules for allocation lifetimes.  Allocations  
lifetimes
       are now a minimum of 10 minutes; the client can ask for longer
       values, but requests for shorter values are ignored.  The text  
now
       recommends that the client refresh an allocation one minute  
before



Rosenberg, et al.        Expires August 28, 2008               [Page 41]
Internet-Draft                    TURN                     February 2008


       it expires.

    o  Put in temporary procedures for handling the BANDWIDTH attribute,
       modelled on the LIFETIME attribute.  These procedures are mostly
       placeholders and likely to change in the next revision.

    o  Added a detailed description of how a client reacts to the  
various
       errors it can receive in reply to an Allocate request.  This
       replaces the various descriptions that were previously scattered
       throughout the document, which were inconsistent and sometimes
       contradictory.

    o  Added a new section that gives the normative rules for
       permissions.

    o  Changed the rules around permission lifetimes.  The text used to
       recommend a value of one minute; it MUST now be 5 minutes.

    o  Removed the errors "Channel Missing or Invalid", "Peer Address
       Missing or Invalid" and "Lifetime Malformed or Invalid" and used
       400 "Bad Request" instead.

    o  Rewrote portions of the section on Send and Data indications and
       the section on Channels to try to make the client vs. server
       behavior clearer.

    o  Channel bindings now expire after 10 minutes, and must be
       refreshed to keep them alive.

    o  Binding a channel now installs or refreshes a permission for the
       IP address of corresponding peer.

    o  Changed the wording describing the situation when the client  
sends
       a ChannelData message before receiving the ChannelBind success
       response. -06 said that client SHOULD NOT do this; -07 now says
       that a client MAY, but describes the consequences of doing it.

    o  Added a section discussing the setting of fields in the IP  
header.

    o  Replaced the REQUESTED-PORT-PROPS attribute with the REQUESTED-
       PROPS attribute that has a different format and semantics, but
       reuses the same code point.

    o  Replaced the REQUESTED-IP attribute with the RESERVATION-TOKEN
       attribute, which has a different format and semantics, but reuses
       the same code point.





Rosenberg, et al.        Expires August 28, 2008               [Page 42]
Internet-Draft                    TURN                     February 2008


    o  Removed error codes 443 and 444, and replaced them with 508
       (Insufficient Port Capacity).  Also changed the error text for
       code 507 from "Insufficient Capacity" to "Insufficient Bandwidth
       Capacity".

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I have just uploaded version -03 of nat-behavior-discovery.  Changes  
Derek and I have made since -02 include:

     * fix terminology for endpoint-independent, address-dependent,  
and address and port-dependent from rfc4787
     * define the ALG detection to apply to UDP and TCP
     * fix >From typo in 9.5
     * added exception to single MTU size restriction for PADDING
     * removed OPEN ISSUE about CHANGE-REQUEST IANA registry based on  
the belief that we need to list that definition here now that 3489bis  
is dropping it.


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--NextPart

A New Internet-Draft is available from the on-line Internet-Drafts directories.
This draft is a work item of the Behavior Engineering for Hindrance Avoidance Working Group of the IETF.


	Title           : NAT Behavior Discovery Using STUN
	Author(s)       : D. MacDonald, B. Lowekamp
	Filename        : draft-ietf-behave-nat-behavior-discovery-03.txt
	Pages           : 28
	Date            : 2008-02-25

This specification defines an experimental usage of the Simple
Traversal Underneath Network Address Translators (NAT) (STUN)
Protocol that discovers the presence and current behaviour of NATs
and firewalls between the STUN client and the STUN server.Requirements
Language

The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
"SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
document are to be interpreted as described in RFC 2119 [RFC2119].

A URL for this Internet-Draft is:
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Folks,

we have been discussing about STUN and RFC3948 compatibility with the NAT 
traversal design team for HIP. The design team has planned to use STUN/ICE 
for connectivity tests and keepalives for HIP. However, we found out an 
incompatibility with STUN and UDP encapsulation of IPsec ESP [RFC3948] 
(HIP uses ESP).

The problem is that section 2.2. in RFC3948 assumes 32-bits of zeroes 
after the UDP header. We would have HIP, STUN and ESP messages arriving at 
the same UDP port number and being demuxed using the 32-bits after the UDP 
header based on the following:

         * HIP (or IKE): zero bytes [RFC3948]
         * ESP: non-zero bytes [RFC3948]
         * STUN: 0x00 + length + type [RFC3489bis-14]
         (* IPsec keepalive: 0xFF [RFC3948])

There is conflict between demuxing ESP and STUN in the current standards. 
I wonder if it would still be possible to add 32-bits of zeroes in the 
beginning of STUN header to make it compatible with RFC3948? I would image 
that this could make STUN more attractive solution also to some other 
protocols such as IKE.

We could also bend ESP towards this direction, but unfortunately it 
appears to imply some negative tradeoffs related to security, performance 
and deployment.

-- 
Miika Komu                                       http://www.iki.fi/miika/
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From: =?iso-8859-1?q?R=E9mi_Denis-Courmont?= <remi.denis-courmont@nokia.com>
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Subject: Re: [BEHAVE] STUN and RFC3948
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Le Friday 29 February 2008 13:55:03 ext Miika Komu, vous avez =E9crit=A0:
> we have been discussing about STUN and RFC3948 compatibility with the NAT
> traversal design team for HIP. The design team has planned to use STUN/ICE
> for connectivity tests and keepalives for HIP.

Makes sense.

> However, we found out an =

> incompatibility with STUN and UDP encapsulation of IPsec ESP [RFC3948]
> (HIP uses ESP).
>
> The problem is that section 2.2. in RFC3948 assumes 32-bits of zeroes
> after the UDP header. We would have HIP, STUN and ESP messages arriving at
> the same UDP port number and being demuxed using the 32-bits after the UDP
> header based on the following:
>
>          * HIP (or IKE): zero bytes [RFC3948]
>          * ESP: non-zero bytes [RFC3948]
>          * STUN: 0x00 + length + type [RFC3489bis-14]
>          (* IPsec keepalive: 0xFF [RFC3948])

This does not affect the validity of your point, but STUN does not start wi=
th =

a zero byte, it starts with two zero bits.

> There is conflict between demuxing ESP and STUN in the current standards.
> I wonder if it would still be possible to add 32-bits of zeroes in the
> beginning of STUN header to make it compatible with RFC3948? I would image
> that this could make STUN more attractive solution also to some other
> protocols such as IKE.

As long as the first two bits remain zeroes, we can demux STUN from RTP, wh=
ich =

is what SIP and XMPP need. In that sense, this would be do-able. And it wou=
ld =

allow using ICE cleanly with ESP-in-UDP - not only HIP.

However, this would totally break backward compatibility with RFC3489. This=
 is =

not a problem for ICE, but is a problem for STUN binding discovery (which I=
CE =

relies upon anyway) with RFC3489 STUN servers - i.e. those currently deploy=
ed =

STUN servers. That had probably better be avoided.

> We could also bend ESP towards this direction, but unfortunately it
> appears to imply some negative tradeoffs related to security, performance
> and deployment.

You mean, like adding restrictions on the SPI field? I don't know IPsec wel=
l =

enough to realistically comment on this.

Did you consider the use of the STUN FINGERPRINT attribute? I am not sure i=
f =

it would have serious security implications.

-- =

R=E9mi Denis-Courmont
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On Fri, 29-Feb-08, at 07:20 , R=E9mi Denis-Courmont wrote:
>
>> We could also bend ESP towards this direction, but unfortunately it
>> appears to imply some negative tradeoffs related to security,  =

>> performance
>> and deployment.
>
> You mean, like adding restrictions on the SPI field? I don't know  =

> IPsec well
> enough to realistically comment on this.

Yes. As long as the SPI field does not look like 00........00, the  =

demux is simple. However, I am not enough of a security expert to  =

know what affect putting this restriction on the SPI field might have  =

on ESP security.

>
> Did you consider the use of the STUN FINGERPRINT attribute? I am  =

> not sure if
> it would have serious security implications.

Yes. Without a restriction in the SPI range, it seems that the only  =

way to demux is to do the full suite of STUN demux tests:
* First longword looks like 00...........00
* Second longword contains the magic cookie value.
* STUN packet contains a FINGERPRINT attribute.
Packets passing all three tests are STUN, others are ESP.

It is certainly possible to do this. There was just some grumblings  =

about the time/complexity of implementing the third test, especially  =

since some OSes process ESP packets in the kernel.

- Philip


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Subject: [BEHAVE] TURN 07: Channel ID collisions with usage
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Hi,

In the review of TURN 07 I found that the draft doesn't at all take care 
of a case I asked about previous.

The allocation response include the server reflexive address to the TURN 
client. The only reason for doing this is to enable a client to 
co-locate both a TURN client and a direct STUN+UDP based protocol, for 
example RTP, on the same port.

However, the TURN channel header has overlap with RTP thus causing a 
demultiplexing collision when channel numbers in the 8000-8FFF range is 
used.

This seriously need to be taken care of. I think the simplest thing is 
to stop co-locating the TURN client with anything else. And thus also 
the XOR-MAPPED-ADDRESS should not be returned in the allocate response 
either.

Cheers

Magnus Westerlund

IETF Transport Area Director & TSVWG Chair
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Multimedia Technologies, Ericsson Research EAB/TVM
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Ericsson AB                | Phone +46 8 4048287
Torshamsgatan 23           | Fax   +46 8 7575550
S-164 80 Stockholm, Sweden | mailto: magnus.westerlund@ericsson.com
----------------------------------------------------------------------

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Hi Magnus,

The main motivation to return XOR-MAPPED-ADDRESS is so the client can  
issue one request which provides the equivalent of a STUN response  
and a TURN response at the same time.  Then ICE will usually pick the  
server reflexive address from XOR-MAPPED-ADDRESS instead of the  
relayed address, and either explicitly deallocate the relayed address  
or let it time out.

thanks,
-rohan

On Feb 29, 2008, at 5:32 AM, Magnus Westerlund wrote:

> Hi,
>
> In the review of TURN 07 I found that the draft doesn't at all take  
> care of a case I asked about previous.
>
> The allocation response include the server reflexive address to the  
> TURN client. The only reason for doing this is to enable a client  
> to co-locate both a TURN client and a direct STUN+UDP based  
> protocol, for example RTP, on the same port.
>
> However, the TURN channel header has overlap with RTP thus causing  
> a demultiplexing collision when channel numbers in the 8000-8FFF  
> range is used.
>
> This seriously need to be taken care of. I think the simplest thing  
> is to stop co-locating the TURN client with anything else. And thus  
> also the XOR-MAPPED-ADDRESS should not be returned in the allocate  
> response either.
>
> Cheers
>
> Magnus Westerlund
>
> IETF Transport Area Director & TSVWG Chair
> ----------------------------------------------------------------------
> Multimedia Technologies, Ericsson Research EAB/TVM
> ----------------------------------------------------------------------
> Ericsson AB                | Phone +46 8 4048287
> Torshamsgatan 23           | Fax   +46 8 7575550
> S-164 80 Stockholm, Sweden | mailto: magnus.westerlund@ericsson.com
> ----------------------------------------------------------------------

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Subject: Re: [BEHAVE] TURN 07: Channel ID collisions with usage
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Rohan Mahy skrev:
> Hi Magnus,
> 
> The main motivation to return XOR-MAPPED-ADDRESS is so the client can 
> issue one request which provides the equivalent of a STUN response and a 
> TURN response at the same time.  Then ICE will usually pick the server 
> reflexive address from XOR-MAPPED-ADDRESS instead of the relayed 
> address, and either explicitly deallocate the relayed address or let it 
> time out.

But my point is that you can't reliable demultiplex TURN with channel 
bindings and RTP/UDP being delivered directly to the port. Thus if one 
use TURN to get both a relayed and server reflexive candidate in ICE one 
can shoot oneself in the foot unless one have completed ICE and 
deallocated the other candidate prior to doing a channel binding.

This needs to be resolved somehow!

> 
> thanks,
> -rohan
> 
> On Feb 29, 2008, at 5:32 AM, Magnus Westerlund wrote:
> 
>> Hi,
>>
>> In the review of TURN 07 I found that the draft doesn't at all take 
>> care of a case I asked about previous.
>>
>> The allocation response include the server reflexive address to the 
>> TURN client. The only reason for doing this is to enable a client to 
>> co-locate both a TURN client and a direct STUN+UDP based protocol, for 
>> example RTP, on the same port.
>>
>> However, the TURN channel header has overlap with RTP thus causing a 
>> demultiplexing collision when channel numbers in the 8000-8FFF range 
>> is used.
>>
>> This seriously need to be taken care of. I think the simplest thing is 
>> to stop co-locating the TURN client with anything else. And thus also 
>> the XOR-MAPPED-ADDRESS should not be returned in the allocate response 
>> either.
>>
>> Cheers
>>
>> Magnus Westerlund
>>
>> IETF Transport Area Director & TSVWG Chair
>> ----------------------------------------------------------------------
>> Multimedia Technologies, Ericsson Research EAB/TVM
>> ----------------------------------------------------------------------
>> Ericsson AB                | Phone +46 8 4048287
>> Torshamsgatan 23           | Fax   +46 8 7575550
>> S-164 80 Stockholm, Sweden | mailto: magnus.westerlund@ericsson.com
>> ----------------------------------------------------------------------
> 
> 


-- 

Magnus Westerlund

IETF Transport Area Director & TSVWG Chair
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Multimedia Technologies, Ericsson Research EAB/TVM
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Ericsson AB                | Phone +46 8 4048287
Torshamsgatan 23           | Fax   +46 8 7575550
S-164 80 Stockholm, Sweden | mailto: magnus.westerlund@ericsson.com
----------------------------------------------------------------------

_______________________________________________
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From: Rohan Mahy <rohan@ekabal.com>
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Subject: Re: [BEHAVE] TURN 07: Channel ID collisions with usage
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Hi Magnus,

With this feature, there is no multiplexing of TURN and another  
protocol.

A softphone application on Alice's PC goes sends a TURN Allocate  
Request through her home NAT to turn.example.net.  She takes the  
RELAYED-ADDRESS and the XOR-MAPPED-ADDRESS and puts these in ICE  
candidates in an offer that she sends to Bob's UA.  She could have  
also sent a STUN Binding Request to stun.example.net instead to get  
the XOR-MAPPED-ADDRESS, but that would require an additional  
transaction for Alice's UA.

This convenience feature has nothing to do with ICE connectivity  
checks which are different STUN requests sent either directly to  
Alice's UA or forwarded through a relayed address used by Alice on  
the TURN server.  ICE does not suggest in any way that Alice or Bob  
will accept *TURN* requests on the same port used for RTP.

Does this make sense?

thanks,
-rohan


On Feb 29, 2008, at 6:44 AM, Magnus Westerlund wrote:
> Rohan Mahy skrev:
>> Hi Magnus,
>> The main motivation to return XOR-MAPPED-ADDRESS is so the client  
>> can issue one request which provides the equivalent of a STUN  
>> response and a TURN response at the same time.  Then ICE will  
>> usually pick the server reflexive address from XOR-MAPPED-ADDRESS  
>> instead of the relayed address, and either explicitly deallocate  
>> the relayed address or let it time out.
>
> But my point is that you can't reliable demultiplex TURN with  
> channel bindings and RTP/UDP being delivered directly to the port.  
> Thus if one use TURN to get both a relayed and server reflexive  
> candidate in ICE one can shoot oneself in the foot unless one have  
> completed ICE and deallocated the other candidate prior to doing a  
> channel binding.
>
> This needs to be resolved somehow!
>
>> thanks,
>> -rohan
>> On Feb 29, 2008, at 5:32 AM, Magnus Westerlund wrote:
>>> Hi,
>>>
>>> In the review of TURN 07 I found that the draft doesn't at all  
>>> take care of a case I asked about previous.
>>>
>>> The allocation response include the server reflexive address to  
>>> the TURN client. The only reason for doing this is to enable a  
>>> client to co-locate both a TURN client and a direct STUN+UDP  
>>> based protocol, for example RTP, on the same port.
>>>
>>> However, the TURN channel header has overlap with RTP thus  
>>> causing a demultiplexing collision when channel numbers in the  
>>> 8000-8FFF range is used.
>>>
>>> This seriously need to be taken care of. I think the simplest  
>>> thing is to stop co-locating the TURN client with anything else.  
>>> And thus also the XOR-MAPPED-ADDRESS should not be returned in  
>>> the allocate response either.
>>>
>>> Cheers
>>>
>>> Magnus Westerlund
>>>
>>> IETF Transport Area Director & TSVWG Chair
>>> -------------------------------------------------------------------- 
>>> --
>>> Multimedia Technologies, Ericsson Research EAB/TVM
>>> -------------------------------------------------------------------- 
>>> --
>>> Ericsson AB                | Phone +46 8 4048287
>>> Torshamsgatan 23           | Fax   +46 8 7575550
>>> S-164 80 Stockholm, Sweden | mailto: magnus.westerlund@ericsson.com
>>> -------------------------------------------------------------------- 
>>> --
>
>
> -- 
>
> Magnus Westerlund
>
> IETF Transport Area Director & TSVWG Chair
> ----------------------------------------------------------------------
> Multimedia Technologies, Ericsson Research EAB/TVM
> ----------------------------------------------------------------------
> Ericsson AB                | Phone +46 8 4048287
> Torshamsgatan 23           | Fax   +46 8 7575550
> S-164 80 Stockholm, Sweden | mailto: magnus.westerlund@ericsson.com
> ----------------------------------------------------------------------

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Subject: [BEHAVE] TURN 07: Header bits (Section 11)
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Hi,

I have now reviewed what you have written in section 11 and have the 
following comments and observations:

A. Section 11.1, last paragraph on page 32:
Why is this paragraph here? I find it very strange. If you can read it 
sometimes you should be able to read it all the times. Also I think 
allowing something like this for efficiency reasons is the wrong reason. 
If there exist other reasons then that may make more sense.

B. Section 11.1: It is missing what behavior you should have if you 
can't read the DSCP field. Defaulting to best effort seems to be the 
least harmful you can do.

C. Section 11.2, first paragraph:
    When the client sends a Data indication or ChannelData message to the
    server using UDP IPv4, it SHOULD NOT set the DF (Don't Fragment) bit
    unless the application explicitly requests the bit to be set.

I don't understand the motivation behind this. I the transport from TURN 
client to server any fragmentation that occur will trigger an ICMP 
towards the TURN client, that at least has no additional issues compared 
to non-related session to deal with this ICMP message. So why is this 
recommended?

D. Section 11.2, Third paragraph:
    When using TCP or TLS over TCP, the client and the server MAY let the
    setting of the DF bit be determined by the TCP/IP stack.

I think this MAY should be changed to SHOULD. There are no reason for 
the TURN server to interfere with the TCP connection and its selection 
of the TCP segment size which after all is what has the most relation to 
how large TCP packets are generated.

E. Section 11.2, Second paragraph:
    When the server sends a UDP datagram to a peer over IPv4, or when
    sends a Data indication or a ChannelData message to the client using
    UDP over IPv4, the server SHOULD NOT set the DF bit.

I agree that this is the right choice unless one actually are going to 
start generate ICMP messages in the relay. However, I think that one can 
point out that this is relying on the IPv4 fragmentation mechanism and 
affects loss probability, especially considering that NAT's capability 
to forward them.

F. Section 11.2: What about IPv6 behavior?
If I understand this correctly, this specification does allow relaying 
IPv4 to IPv4 and IPv6 to IPv6, but not either of IPv4 to IPv6 nor IPv6 
to IPv4 which is what draft-ietf-behave-turn-ipv6 is for. I am missing 
how an IPv6 is going to deal with the fragmentation issue. That as any 
fragmentation needs to happen on the outgoing interface of the TURN 
server for traffic going to the TURN client.

G. Section 11, More IPv6.

What about the IPv6 Flow label in forwarding? Taking a look at RFC 3697 
is recommened to ensure that TURN will fulfil the requirements.

H. Section 11.3:
    The server SHOULD NOT preserve the ECN (Explicit Congestion
    Notification) field, and MAY preserve thee TTL (Time-To-Live) fields
    when relaying application data.

It is not that simple as not preserving the ECN field. One actually have 
to mandate that the forwarded packets have the ECN field set to non-ECN 
capable. Otherwise you are indicating that you are capable but not 
listing to the information. That is not acceptable. In fact you have to 
to mandate that TURN clients (unless using TCP) SHALL NOT indicate that 
they are ECN capable. Also the Peers should if they now that they are 
being relayed by TURN not use ECN for UDP/IP.

I. Section 11.4: I am missing the obvious recommendation that 
application that now that they are using TURN in the communication take 
some worst case figures into account when generating the packets. And 
those worst case figures should be shown how to calculate in this section.

J. Proposal instead of bad compromise:
I think we mostly know what a good TURN relay should do with the IP 
header fields. We also know what they can't do from user land. Why don't 
we define two behavior profiles. One for user land implementations that 
clearly explains what they loose. Then one for full relaying that does 
everything right. That way we can even include a "port req" attribute 
for requesting "full relay". Because if you are implementing a TURN 
server within the operating system you can set all the fields in the 
right way. I do want to indicate what the right thing to do would be, 
well knowing that it will mostly not be used. But there clearly are some 
deployments that could have advantage of "full relay". For full relay I 
would also like to look into what can be done on getting the ICMP 
relaying working.

Cheers

Magnus Westerlund

IETF Transport Area Director & TSVWG Chair
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Multimedia Technologies, Ericsson Research EAB/TVM
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Ericsson AB                | Phone +46 8 4048287
Torshamsgatan 23           | Fax   +46 8 7575550
S-164 80 Stockholm, Sweden | mailto: magnus.westerlund@ericsson.com
----------------------------------------------------------------------

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Subject: Re: [BEHAVE] TURN 07: Channel ID collisions with usage
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Magnus:

Thanks for point out this issue, which I had not previously  
considered. As I see it, there are a number of ways that a client can  
solve this problem:

1) Since the choice of channel numbers is totally under the control  
of the client, the client can avoid channel numbers that make  
demuxing a problem. In the case of RTP, this would mean that the  
client should avoid channel numbers that have the first two bits as  
either 00 or 10 (the first is used by STUN and the second is used by  
RTP). This still leaves 2^31 possible channel numbers. For  
application protocols other than RTP, the client may have to avoid  
other channel numbers.

2) If the client knows that, for a given call, its peers will either  
all use the direct path or all use the TURN server, then it can  
simply wait to allocate channel numbers until it knows which case it  
is dealing with. If all peers are going via the TURN server, then  
there can be no conflict with the application protocol (e.g. RTP)  
since all application protocol packets arrive at the client  
encapsulated inside either a Data indication or a ChannelData  
message, so all channel numbers except those starting with 00 can be  
used.

3) If the client is dealing with an application protocol where the  
demux problem is harder (for example, a protocol which allows  
arbitrary values in the first 32 bits), then the client must use a  
different client transport address to talk to the TURN server. In  
this case, the XOR-MAPPED-ADDRESS in the Allocate response is not  
useful.

On a separate thread, we are discussing whether ESP falls into case (3).

In terms of the document, I suggest adding text that basically says  
the above. I would make it general (i.e., not specific to RTP), but  
we could add an appendix that discusses the issue for certain  
specific application protocols.

- Philip


On Fri, 29-Feb-08, at 08:32 , Magnus Westerlund wrote:

> Hi,
>
> In the review of TURN 07 I found that the draft doesn't at all take  
> care of a case I asked about previous.
>
> The allocation response include the server reflexive address to the  
> TURN client. The only reason for doing this is to enable a client  
> to co-locate both a TURN client and a direct STUN+UDP based  
> protocol, for example RTP, on the same port.
>
> However, the TURN channel header has overlap with RTP thus causing  
> a demultiplexing collision when channel numbers in the 8000-8FFF  
> range is used.
>
> This seriously need to be taken care of. I think the simplest thing  
> is to stop co-locating the TURN client with anything else. And thus  
> also the XOR-MAPPED-ADDRESS should not be returned in the allocate  
> response either.
>
> Cheers
>
> Magnus Westerlund
>
> IETF Transport Area Director & TSVWG Chair
> ----------------------------------------------------------------------
> Multimedia Technologies, Ericsson Research EAB/TVM
> ----------------------------------------------------------------------
> Ericsson AB                | Phone +46 8 4048287
> Torshamsgatan 23           | Fax   +46 8 7575550
> S-164 80 Stockholm, Sweden | mailto: magnus.westerlund@ericsson.com
> ----------------------------------------------------------------------
>
>

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Subject: [BEHAVE] TURN 07: Some more comments
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Hi,

Here is the final comments I have from my review.

1. Section 6.1:
    The client first needs to pick a host transport address that the
    server does not think is currently in use, or was recently in use.
    The client SHOULD pick a currently-unused transport address on the
    client's host (typically by allowing its OS to pick a currently-
    unused port for a new socket).

I found this section to be unclear and not discuss the issues. I guess 
the gist of this is that a host should not reuse a port that was used 
the last 2 minutes. The problem is reuse of the same port as earlier or 
getting the same server reflexive address as the previous allocation was 
done over.

2. Section 6.1:
"The transport protocol MUST be one of UDP,
    TCP, or TLS over TCP."

Can this be reformulated or extended to be clearer that the list can be 
extended in the future?

3. Section 10.7:
"If there is, then it SHOULD form and
    send a ChannelData message as described in Section 10.5."

I think the above sentence is in contradiction of the following sentence 
in section 10.5:
"The server, on the other hand, MUST
    use the ChannelData message if a channel has been bound to the peer."

4. Section 13.3 Bandwidth:

As pointed out this definition is still is an open issue. Either an 
average with defined averaging window or a token bucket.

5. Section 15:
In the third paragraph there is "TODO" item.

6. Section 16:
The registries needs to be explicitly named. For example:

"  The codepoints for the new STUN methods defined in this specification
    are listed in Section 12."

Would be better written as:

Register the 5 new STUN methods listed in Section 12 in the "STUN 
Methods" Registry.


Cheers

Magnus Westerlund

IETF Transport Area Director & TSVWG Chair
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Multimedia Technologies, Ericsson Research EAB/TVM
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Ericsson AB                | Phone +46 8 4048287
Torshamsgatan 23           | Fax   +46 8 7575550
S-164 80 Stockholm, Sweden | mailto: magnus.westerlund@ericsson.com
----------------------------------------------------------------------

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On Fri, 29-Feb-08, at 10:19 , Rohan Mahy wrote:
> With this feature, there is no multiplexing of TURN and another  
> protocol.
>
> A softphone application on Alice's PC goes sends a TURN Allocate  
> Request through her home NAT to turn.example.net.  She takes the  
> RELAYED-ADDRESS and the XOR-MAPPED-ADDRESS and puts these in ICE  
> candidates in an offer that she sends to Bob's UA.  She could have  
> also sent a STUN Binding Request to stun.example.net instead to get  
> the XOR-MAPPED-ADDRESS, but that would require an additional  
> transaction for Alice's UA.
>
> This convenience feature has nothing to do with ICE connectivity  
> checks which are different STUN requests sent either directly to  
> Alice's UA or forwarded through a relayed address used by Alice on  
> the TURN server.  ICE does not suggest in any way that Alice or Bob  
> will accept *TURN* requests on the same port used for RTP.

This is not quite true. If the client tries to use the same transport  
address for both direct connections and indirect connections via the  
TURN server, then the client will receive 4 different types of  
packets on the same transport address:
1) STUN-formatted TURN packets
2) STUN connectivity packets from the peer
3) RTP packets
4) ChannelData messages

The client can demux these by looking at the first two bits in the  
packets:
00 - Packet is either case (1) or (2), and must be further demuxed by  
looking at the source transport address
01 - Packet is a ChannelData message
10 - Packet is an RTP packet
11 - Packet is a ChannelData message
This only works if the client refrains from using channel numbers  
that start with 10.

- Philip

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Rohan Mahy skrev:
> Hi Magnus,
> 
> With this feature, there is no multiplexing of TURN and another protocol.
> 
> A softphone application on Alice's PC goes sends a TURN Allocate Request 
> through her home NAT to turn.example.net.  She takes the RELAYED-ADDRESS 
> and the XOR-MAPPED-ADDRESS and puts these in ICE candidates in an offer 
> that she sends to Bob's UA.  She could have also sent a STUN Binding 
> Request to stun.example.net instead to get the XOR-MAPPED-ADDRESS, but 
> that would require an additional transaction for Alice's UA.
> 
> This convenience feature has nothing to do with ICE connectivity checks 
> which are different STUN requests sent either directly to Alice's UA or 
> forwarded through a relayed address used by Alice on the TURN server.  
> ICE does not suggest in any way that Alice or Bob will accept *TURN* 
> requests on the same port used for RTP.
> 
> Does this make sense?

Okay, take 3 to explain my headache. Alice's PC sends a TURN allocate 
request from port P on interface X to turn.example.net. It gets back two 
addresses: R:rp and S:sp, i.e. a relayed and a server reflexive address 
that both has X:P as base for them.

This have the implications that when BOB sends his STUN checks to R:rp 
they will arrive at X:P in either a DATA indication or with a 
channelbinding header. BOB can also send his STUN check to S:sp that 
arrives at X:P without a TURN header. So far no major problems. The X:P 
can demultiplex directly arriving STUN requests and the ones that first 
goes to the TURN client. But we also have the capability to handle data 
on this socket. In fact one could illustrate the multiplexing like this:

                         /-- Data receiver
                        /
        /- TURN Client ---- STUN Server
       /
X:P ----- STUN server
       \
        \- Data receiver

The issue is that a RTP data receiver both would like to have data with 
payloads starting with 10 in the first octet. Thus you are unable to 
decide what the correct demultiplexing in this case is, at least as long 
as you are using channelID in the 8000-8FFF range with RTP.

Do you now see the issue?

Cheers

Magnus Westerlund

IETF Transport Area Director & TSVWG Chair
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Multimedia Technologies, Ericsson Research EAB/TVM
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Ericsson AB                | Phone +46 8 4048287
Torshamsgatan 23           | Fax   +46 8 7575550
S-164 80 Stockholm, Sweden | mailto: magnus.westerlund@ericsson.com
----------------------------------------------------------------------

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Philip Matthews skrev:
> Magnus:
> 
> Thanks for point out this issue, which I had not previously considered. 
> As I see it, there are a number of ways that a client can solve this 
> problem:
> 
> 1) Since the choice of channel numbers is totally under the control of 
> the client, the client can avoid channel numbers that make demuxing a 
> problem. In the case of RTP, this would mean that the client should 
> avoid channel numbers that have the first two bits as either 00 or 10 
> (the first is used by STUN and the second is used by RTP). This still 
> leaves 2^31 possible channel numbers. For application protocols other 
> than RTP, the client may have to avoid other channel numbers.
> 
> 2) If the client knows that, for a given call, its peers will either all 
> use the direct path or all use the TURN server, then it can simply wait 
> to allocate channel numbers until it knows which case it is dealing 
> with. If all peers are going via the TURN server, then there can be no 
> conflict with the application protocol (e.g. RTP) since all application 
> protocol packets arrive at the client encapsulated inside either a Data 
> indication or a ChannelData message, so all channel numbers except those 
> starting with 00 can be used.
> 
> 3) If the client is dealing with an application protocol where the demux 
> problem is harder (for example, a protocol which allows arbitrary values 
> in the first 32 bits), then the client must use a different client 
> transport address to talk to the TURN server. In this case, the 
> XOR-MAPPED-ADDRESS in the Allocate response is not useful.
> 
> On a separate thread, we are discussing whether ESP falls into case (3).
> 
> In terms of the document, I suggest adding text that basically says the 
> above. I would make it general (i.e., not specific to RTP), but we could 
> add an appendix that discusses the issue for certain specific 
> application protocols.
> 

Yes, I think it is important to point out the issue clearly. I think 
another thing that the client can do is to not use channelbindings until 
one has promoted a single candidate and closed down the other 
multiplexing points. First when this is accomplished can one start using 
channelbindings.

Cheers

Magnus Westerlund

IETF Transport Area Director & TSVWG Chair
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Multimedia Technologies, Ericsson Research EAB/TVM
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Ericsson AB                | Phone +46 8 4048287
Torshamsgatan 23           | Fax   +46 8 7575550
S-164 80 Stockholm, Sweden | mailto: magnus.westerlund@ericsson.com
----------------------------------------------------------------------

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On Fri, 29-Feb-08, at 10:47 , Magnus Westerlund wrote:
> I think another thing that the client can do is to not use  
> channelbindings until one has promoted a single candidate and  
> closed down the other multiplexing points. First when this is  
> accomplished can one start using channelbindings.

I am sorry, but I don't see why binding a channel before a candidate  
is promoted could be a problem. Would you explain a bit more?

- Philip
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On Fri, 29-Feb-08, at 10:36 , Philip Matthews wrote:
> 1) Since the choice of channel numbers is totally under the control
> of the client, the client can avoid channel numbers that make
> demuxing a problem. In the case of RTP, this would mean that the
> client should avoid channel numbers that have the first two bits as
> either 00 or 10 (the first is used by STUN and the second is used by
> RTP). This still leaves 2^31 possible channel numbers.

Correction: "This still leaves 2^15 (32K) channel numbers." Channel  
numbers are only 16 bits long.
                                ====
- Philip


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Subject: Re: [BEHAVE] updated rfc3489bis
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I just did a complete review of my code against rfc3489bis-15 and have
some questions:

- Section 7.1 "All STUN requests and responses sent over UDP SHOULD be
less than the path MTU":  Shouldn't indications be added to this list?

- Section 9:  Now that there will be a default port defines for STUN
over TLS, shouldn't the last sentence of the last paragraph removed?

- Section 15.8:  Shouln't the section says that the text must be a UTF-8
encoded sequence, like for USERNAME and REALM?

Thanks.

Jonathan Rosenberg wrote:
> Just submitted:
> http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-behave-rfc3489bis-15.txt
> 
> Changes based on recent comments:
> 
> * MTU limit from MUST to SHOULD, with an explanation of why (namely, 
> behavior discovery)
> 
> * added clarification on MD5 being the 16 byte output and not ascii 
> armored, also including an example. This was some text that was in 
> 3489bis till -05 and got lost in the big rewrite to -06.
> 
> * clarified that the MTU limit applies to the entire datagram and not 
> just the STUN message
> 
> -Jonathan R.


-- 
Marc Petit-Huguenin           [                                 ]
Home: marc@petit-huguenin.org [RFC1855-compliant space for rent ]
Work: marc@8x8.com            [                                 ]
[                                                               ]
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Cc: draft-ietf-behave-turn@tools.ietf.org, Behave WG <behave@ietf.org>
Subject: Re: [BEHAVE] TURN 07: Channel ID collisions with usage
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I had thought that the client would FIRST demux packets from the TURN 
server, vs. those not from the TURN server. For stuff coming from the 
TURN server, it is always TURN or channeldata, and we know how to demux 
that. For stuff not coming from the TURN server, its never channeldata, 
and never TURN; it can be RTP or STUN. ANd those are easy to demux.

So I think this needs to be explained but I see no need to constrain 
channel numbers or any other such thing.

Think of what would happen in the case of tcp from client to turn 
server; everything over that connection is clearly TURN and treated as 
such. Just do the same for UDP.

Thanks,
Jonathan R.

Philip Matthews wrote:
> Magnus:
> 
> Thanks for point out this issue, which I had not previously considered. 
> As I see it, there are a number of ways that a client can solve this 
> problem:
> 
> 1) Since the choice of channel numbers is totally under the control of 
> the client, the client can avoid channel numbers that make demuxing a 
> problem. In the case of RTP, this would mean that the client should 
> avoid channel numbers that have the first two bits as either 00 or 10 
> (the first is used by STUN and the second is used by RTP). This still 
> leaves 2^31 possible channel numbers. For application protocols other 
> than RTP, the client may have to avoid other channel numbers.
> 
> 2) If the client knows that, for a given call, its peers will either all 
> use the direct path or all use the TURN server, then it can simply wait 
> to allocate channel numbers until it knows which case it is dealing 
> with. If all peers are going via the TURN server, then there can be no 
> conflict with the application protocol (e.g. RTP) since all application 
> protocol packets arrive at the client encapsulated inside either a Data 
> indication or a ChannelData message, so all channel numbers except those 
> starting with 00 can be used.
> 
> 3) If the client is dealing with an application protocol where the demux 
> problem is harder (for example, a protocol which allows arbitrary values 
> in the first 32 bits), then the client must use a different client 
> transport address to talk to the TURN server. In this case, the 
> XOR-MAPPED-ADDRESS in the Allocate response is not useful.
> 
> On a separate thread, we are discussing whether ESP falls into case (3).
> 
> In terms of the document, I suggest adding text that basically says the 
> above. I would make it general (i.e., not specific to RTP), but we could 
> add an appendix that discusses the issue for certain specific 
> application protocols.
> 
> - Philip
> 
> 
> On Fri, 29-Feb-08, at 08:32 , Magnus Westerlund wrote:
> 
>> Hi,
>>
>> In the review of TURN 07 I found that the draft doesn't at all take 
>> care of a case I asked about previous.
>>
>> The allocation response include the server reflexive address to the 
>> TURN client. The only reason for doing this is to enable a client to 
>> co-locate both a TURN client and a direct STUN+UDP based protocol, for 
>> example RTP, on the same port.
>>
>> However, the TURN channel header has overlap with RTP thus causing a 
>> demultiplexing collision when channel numbers in the 8000-8FFF range 
>> is used.
>>
>> This seriously need to be taken care of. I think the simplest thing is 
>> to stop co-locating the TURN client with anything else. And thus also 
>> the XOR-MAPPED-ADDRESS should not be returned in the allocate response 
>> either.
>>
>> Cheers
>>
>> Magnus Westerlund
>>
>> IETF Transport Area Director & TSVWG Chair
>> ----------------------------------------------------------------------
>> Multimedia Technologies, Ericsson Research EAB/TVM
>> ----------------------------------------------------------------------
>> Ericsson AB                | Phone +46 8 4048287
>> Torshamsgatan 23           | Fax   +46 8 7575550
>> S-164 80 Stockholm, Sweden | mailto: magnus.westerlund@ericsson.com
>> ----------------------------------------------------------------------
>>
>>
> 
> 

-- 
Jonathan D. Rosenberg, Ph.D.                   499 Thornall St.
Cisco Fellow                                   Edison, NJ 08837
Cisco, Voice Technology Group
jdrosen@cisco.com
http://www.jdrosen.net                         PHONE: (408) 902-3084
http://www.cisco.com
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Right - my answer was going to be, "thats why there is the FINGERPRINT". =

  Clearly we cannot modify the stun header every time we want to demux =

with a new protocol; thats why FINGERPRINT was added.

-Jonathan R.

Philip Matthews wrote:
> On Fri, 29-Feb-08, at 07:20 , R=E9mi Denis-Courmont wrote:
>>> We could also bend ESP towards this direction, but unfortunately it
>>> appears to imply some negative tradeoffs related to security,  =

>>> performance
>>> and deployment.
>> You mean, like adding restrictions on the SPI field? I don't know  =

>> IPsec well
>> enough to realistically comment on this.
> =

> Yes. As long as the SPI field does not look like 00........00, the  =

> demux is simple. However, I am not enough of a security expert to  =

> know what affect putting this restriction on the SPI field might have  =

> on ESP security.
> =

>> Did you consider the use of the STUN FINGERPRINT attribute? I am  =

>> not sure if
>> it would have serious security implications.
> =

> Yes. Without a restriction in the SPI range, it seems that the only  =

> way to demux is to do the full suite of STUN demux tests:
> * First longword looks like 00...........00
> * Second longword contains the magic cookie value.
> * STUN packet contains a FINGERPRINT attribute.
> Packets passing all three tests are STUN, others are ESP.
> =

> It is certainly possible to do this. There was just some grumblings  =

> about the time/complexity of implementing the third test, especially  =

> since some OSes process ESP packets in the kernel.
> =

> - Philip
> =

> =

> _______________________________________________
> Behave mailing list
> Behave@ietf.org
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> =


-- =

Jonathan D. Rosenberg, Ph.D.                   499 Thornall St.
Cisco Fellow                                   Edison, NJ 08837
Cisco, Voice Technology Group
jdrosen@cisco.com
http://www.jdrosen.net                         PHONE: (408) 902-3084
http://www.cisco.com
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