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From: Hadriel Kaplan <HKaplan@acmepacket.com>
To: Eric Rescorla <ekr@networkresonance.com>
Date: Tue, 1 Apr 2008 12:26:26 -0400
Thread-Topic: [BEHAVE] TURN: Proposed conf call
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> -----Original Message-----
> From: Eric Rescorla [mailto:ekr@networkresonance.com]
> Sent: Tuesday, April 01, 2008 11:29 AM
> To: Hadriel Kaplan
> Cc: R=E9mi Denis-Courmont; behave@ietf.org
> Subject: Re: [BEHAVE] TURN: Proposed conf call
>
> At Tue, 1 Apr 2008 10:48:24 -0400,
> Hadriel Kaplan wrote:
> >
> >
> >
> > > -----Original Message-----
> > > From: behave-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:behave-bounces@ietf.org] On
> Behalf
> > > Of R=E9mi Denis-Courmont
> > >
> > > I believe, TWIST would be is very complicated to implement without
> special
> > > privileges.
> >
> > Actually, I think "special privileges" (if by that you mean
> > root/administrative level access) are actually appropriate to
> > require, to make a PC into a TURN/TWIST relay or client, imho.
>
> Why would it make sense to require admin access to be a *client*?

Because a client as currently defined in TURN and TURN-tcp can use TURN to =
create a long-lived, publicly reachable TURN relay listen port for server-t=
ype services to itself.  Although there is some wording in TURN security se=
ction saying it cannot be run as such, I don't see any such restriction in =
the protocol itself - for example the permissions section as defined does n=
ot prevent a willing client app and/or TURN server from doing so. (though I=
 could be wrong)

And because I fear the perception this thing will have is of being just ano=
ther "p2p" type thing that corporate IT types will freak out over and set t=
heir firewalls to block.  So I'm thinking letting them have control over th=
eir PCs and uses of it will possibly allay their fears. (although I recogni=
ze that may be a hopeless cause for some, and that current TURN properties =
may be sufficiently controllable for others)

I am relating the concept of "special privileges" to mean those only availa=
ble to the owner of the host system, vs. a user of the system who does not =
own it.  But maybe my semantic interpretation is wrong?

-hadriel
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From behave-bounces@ietf.org  Tue Apr  1 09:41:21 2008
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From: Eric Rescorla <ekr@networkresonance.com>
To: Hadriel Kaplan <HKaplan@acmepacket.com>
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Subject: Re: [BEHAVE] TURN: Proposed conf call
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At Tue, 1 Apr 2008 12:26:26 -0400,
Hadriel Kaplan wrote:
> =

> =

> =

> > -----Original Message-----
> > From: Eric Rescorla [mailto:ekr@networkresonance.com]
> > Sent: Tuesday, April 01, 2008 11:29 AM
> > To: Hadriel Kaplan
> > Cc: R=E9mi Denis-Courmont; behave@ietf.org
> > Subject: Re: [BEHAVE] TURN: Proposed conf call
> >
> > At Tue, 1 Apr 2008 10:48:24 -0400,
> > Hadriel Kaplan wrote:
> > >
> > >
> > >
> > > > -----Original Message-----
> > > > From: behave-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:behave-bounces@ietf.org] On
> > Behalf
> > > > Of R=E9mi Denis-Courmont
> > > >
> > > > I believe, TWIST would be is very complicated to implement without
> > special
> > > > privileges.
> > >
> > > Actually, I think "special privileges" (if by that you mean
> > > root/administrative level access) are actually appropriate to
> > > require, to make a PC into a TURN/TWIST relay or client, imho.
> >
> > Why would it make sense to require admin access to be a *client*?
> =

> Because a client as currently defined in TURN and TURN-tcp can use
> TURN to create a long-lived, publicly reachable TURN relay listen
> port for server-type services to itself.  Although there is some
> wording in TURN security section saying it cannot be run as such, I
> don't see any such restriction in the protocol itself - for example
> the permissions section as defined does not prevent a willing client
> app and/or TURN server from doing so. (though I could be wrong)

I'm not sure what you mean by "in the protocol"? It's explicitly
forbidden by the permission mechanism. Obviously, the server could
be noncompliant, but how is this a TURN issue?


> I am relating the concept of "special privileges" to mean those only
> available to the owner of the host system, vs. a user of the system
> who does not own it.  But maybe my semantic interpretation is wrong?

As far as I know, the way that nearly all desktop machines are configured
that person who uses the machine has or can get admin access.

-Ekr

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From: "Derek MacDonald" <derek@counterpath.com>
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Subject: Re: [BEHAVE] TURN: Proposed conf call
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2 Points:

Special Privileges

There are many scenarious where getting administrative access on the client
is impossible. One example is a client on a USB stick that a user is runnin=
g
at an internet cafe or other public computer.  Another common scenario is
corporate computing environments where getting admin access requires
sacrificing a goat.

Running a "Server" on the TURN server

This is forbidden by TURN even though the operation could be accomplished
using the protocol.  I don't see how this is too different from running a
relay server on 443. A non-compliant implementation can't really be
considered a core TURN issue.

-Derek

On Tue, Apr 1, 2008 at 9:43 AM, Eric Rescorla <ekr@networkresonance.com>
wrote:

> At Tue, 1 Apr 2008 12:26:26 -0400,
> Hadriel Kaplan wrote:
> >
> >
> >
> > > -----Original Message-----
> > > From: Eric Rescorla [mailto:ekr@networkresonance.com]
> > > Sent: Tuesday, April 01, 2008 11:29 AM
> > > To: Hadriel Kaplan
> > > Cc: R=E9mi Denis-Courmont; behave@ietf.org
> > > Subject: Re: [BEHAVE] TURN: Proposed conf call
> > >
> > > At Tue, 1 Apr 2008 10:48:24 -0400,
> > > Hadriel Kaplan wrote:
> > > >
> > > >
> > > >
> > > > > -----Original Message-----
> > > > > From: behave-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:behave-bounces@ietf.org] On
> > > Behalf
> > > > > Of R=E9mi Denis-Courmont
> > > > >
> > > > > I believe, TWIST would be is very complicated to implement withou=
t
> > > special
> > > > > privileges.
> > > >
> > > > Actually, I think "special privileges" (if by that you mean
> > > > root/administrative level access) are actually appropriate to
> > > > require, to make a PC into a TURN/TWIST relay or client, imho.
> > >
> > > Why would it make sense to require admin access to be a *client*?
> >
> > Because a client as currently defined in TURN and TURN-tcp can use
> > TURN to create a long-lived, publicly reachable TURN relay listen
> > port for server-type services to itself.  Although there is some
> > wording in TURN security section saying it cannot be run as such, I
> > don't see any such restriction in the protocol itself - for example
> > the permissions section as defined does not prevent a willing client
> > app and/or TURN server from doing so. (though I could be wrong)
>
> I'm not sure what you mean by "in the protocol"? It's explicitly
> forbidden by the permission mechanism. Obviously, the server could
> be noncompliant, but how is this a TURN issue?
>
>
> > I am relating the concept of "special privileges" to mean those only
> > available to the owner of the host system, vs. a user of the system
> > who does not own it.  But maybe my semantic interpretation is wrong?
>
> As far as I know, the way that nearly all desktop machines are configured
> that person who uses the machine has or can get admin access.
>
> -Ekr
>
> _______________________________________________
> Behave mailing list
> Behave@ietf.org
> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/behave
>

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2 Points:<br><br>Special Privileges<br><br>There are many scenarious where =
getting administrative access on the client is impossible. One example is a=
 client on a USB stick that a user is running at an internet cafe or other =
public computer.&nbsp; Another common scenario is corporate computing envir=
onments where getting admin access requires sacrificing a goat.&nbsp; <br>

<br>Running a &quot;Server&quot; on the TURN server<br><br>This is forbidde=
n by TURN even though the operation could be accomplished using the protoco=
l.&nbsp; I don&#39;t see how this is too different from running a relay ser=
ver on 443. A non-compliant implementation can&#39;t really be considered a=
 core TURN issue.<br>

<br>-Derek<br><br><div class=3D"gmail_quote">On Tue, Apr 1, 2008 at 9:43 AM=
, Eric Rescorla &lt;<a href=3D"mailto:ekr@networkresonance.com" target=3D"_=
blank">ekr@networkresonance.com</a>&gt; wrote:<br><blockquote class=3D"gmai=
l_quote" style=3D"border-left: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); margin: 0pt 0p=
t 0pt 0.8ex; padding-left: 1ex;">

At Tue, 1 Apr 2008 12:26:26 -0400,<br>
<div><div></div><div>Hadriel Kaplan wrote:<br>
&gt;<br>
&gt;<br>
&gt;<br>
&gt; &gt; -----Original Message-----<br>
&gt; &gt; From: Eric Rescorla [mailto:<a href=3D"mailto:ekr@networkresonanc=
e.com" target=3D"_blank">ekr@networkresonance.com</a>]<br>
&gt; &gt; Sent: Tuesday, April 01, 2008 11:29 AM<br>
&gt; &gt; To: Hadriel Kaplan<br>
&gt; &gt; Cc: R=E9mi Denis-Courmont; <a href=3D"mailto:behave@ietf.org" tar=
get=3D"_blank">behave@ietf.org</a><br>
&gt; &gt; Subject: Re: [BEHAVE] TURN: Proposed conf call<br>
&gt; &gt;<br>
&gt; &gt; At Tue, 1 Apr 2008 10:48:24 -0400,<br>
&gt; &gt; Hadriel Kaplan wrote:<br>
&gt; &gt; &gt;<br>
&gt; &gt; &gt;<br>
&gt; &gt; &gt;<br>
&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt; -----Original Message-----<br>
&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt; From: <a href=3D"mailto:behave-bounces@ietf.org" target=
=3D"_blank">behave-bounces@ietf.org</a> [mailto:<a href=3D"mailto:behave-bo=
unces@ietf.org" target=3D"_blank">behave-bounces@ietf.org</a>] On<br>
&gt; &gt; Behalf<br>
&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt; Of R=E9mi Denis-Courmont<br>
&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt;<br>
&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt; I believe, TWIST would be is very complicated to implem=
ent without<br>
&gt; &gt; special<br>
&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt; privileges.<br>
&gt; &gt; &gt;<br>
&gt; &gt; &gt; Actually, I think &quot;special privileges&quot; (if by that=
 you mean<br>
&gt; &gt; &gt; root/administrative level access) are actually appropriate t=
o<br>
&gt; &gt; &gt; require, to make a PC into a TURN/TWIST relay or client, imh=
o.<br>
&gt; &gt;<br>
&gt; &gt; Why would it make sense to require admin access to be a *client*?=
<br>
&gt;<br>
&gt; Because a client as currently defined in TURN and TURN-tcp can use<br>
&gt; TURN to create a long-lived, publicly reachable TURN relay listen<br>
&gt; port for server-type services to itself. &nbsp;Although there is some<=
br>
&gt; wording in TURN security section saying it cannot be run as such, I<br=
>
&gt; don&#39;t see any such restriction in the protocol itself - for exampl=
e<br>
&gt; the permissions section as defined does not prevent a willing client<b=
r>
&gt; app and/or TURN server from doing so. (though I could be wrong)<br>
<br>
</div></div>I&#39;m not sure what you mean by &quot;in the protocol&quot;? =
It&#39;s explicitly<br>
forbidden by the permission mechanism. Obviously, the server could<br>
be noncompliant, but how is this a TURN issue?<br>
<div><br>
<br>
&gt; I am relating the concept of &quot;special privileges&quot; to mean th=
ose only<br>
&gt; available to the owner of the host system, vs. a user of the system<br=
>
&gt; who does not own it. &nbsp;But maybe my semantic interpretation is wro=
ng?<br>
<br>
</div>As far as I know, the way that nearly all desktop machines are config=
ured<br>
that person who uses the machine has or can get admin access.<br>
<br>
-Ekr<br>
<div><div></div><div><br>
_______________________________________________<br>
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<a href=3D"mailto:Behave@ietf.org" target=3D"_blank">Behave@ietf.org</a><br=
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<a href=3D"https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/behave" target=3D"_blank">=
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</div></div></blockquote></div><br>

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From behave-bounces@ietf.org  Tue Apr  1 13:07:44 2008
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From: Philip Matthews <philip_matthews@magma.ca>
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I have gotten the feedback that some people are unclear on the goals  
for the proposed conf call on TURN encapsulations. So let me try to  
clarify what I hope to achieve.

I have two goals:

1) TURN-UDP currently allows TCP or TLS over TCP connections between  
the client and the server. That is, the user data flows over TCP to  
the server, and then over UDP to the peer. However, the justification  
for these two transports in the document is weak, and it has been  
recently suggested that this can be used to violate firewall policy.   
I would like to talk about this and agree on good reasons why these  
transports are needed, or agree to remove them.

2) In my opinion, the TWIST proposal is essentially an alternative  
encapsulation proposal for TURN.  In my personal opinion, the working  
group should not pursue both the existing TURN proposal and TWIST at  
the same time. So I would like to discuss TWIST vs TURN and see if we  
can select one of these as the encapsulation that we will pursue in  
the short term. (Note that the WG may disagree with me, and elect to  
pursue both of these at the same time, but I feel we need to  
consciously make this decision).

Another motivation to have this call is that discussion of these  
topics on the mailing list was rather thin last week. I am hoping that  
a conference call with provide better discussion.

- Philip



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From: Hadriel Kaplan <HKaplan@acmepacket.com>
To: Eric Rescorla <ekr@networkresonance.com>
Date: Tue, 1 Apr 2008 16:07:59 -0400
Thread-Topic: [BEHAVE] TURN: Proposed conf call
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> -----Original Message-----
> From: Eric Rescorla [mailto:ekr@networkresonance.com]
>
> Hadriel Kaplan wrote:
> >
> > Because a client as currently defined in TURN and TURN-tcp can use
> > TURN to create a long-lived, publicly reachable TURN relay listen
> > port for server-type services to itself.  Although there is some
> > wording in TURN security section saying it cannot be run as such, I
> > don't see any such restriction in the protocol itself - for example
> > the permissions section as defined does not prevent a willing client
> > app and/or TURN server from doing so. (though I could be wrong)
>
> I'm not sure what you mean by "in the protocol"? It's explicitly
> forbidden by the permission mechanism. Obviously, the server could
> be noncompliant, but how is this a TURN issue?

I meant afaict the permission mechanism didn't stop a normal TURN client from allocating a relay address and a normal TURN server from sending it a DATA indication of receiving something for that relay address, if a permission was not in effect.  But I think I was wrong.  After reading it again carefully, I think what it's saying is a UDP permission is only created when a TURN client sends something to that peer first, and a TCP listen request must have a peer address for a permission, and TURN server silently discards any inbound messages on its relay side not matching a permission?  If so, then it's good.


> > I am relating the concept of "special privileges" to mean those only
> > available to the owner of the host system, vs. a user of the system
> > who does not own it.  But maybe my semantic interpretation is wrong?
>
> As far as I know, the way that nearly all desktop machines are configured
> that person who uses the machine has or can get admin access.

OK then why are we worried about a mechanism needing "special privileges" to work? (ie, why is it bad if one needs to be root/admin?)

-hadriel
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At Tue, 1 Apr 2008 16:07:59 -0400,
Hadriel Kaplan wrote:
> > As far as I know, the way that nearly all desktop machines are configured
> > that person who uses the machine has or can get admin access.
> 
> OK then why are we worried about a mechanism needing "special
> privileges" to work? (ie, why is it bad if one needs to be
> root/admin?)

Just because something is not an effective security barrier
does not mean that it's not a PITA.

-Ekr

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From: "Benny Prijono" <bennylp@pjsip.org>
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Subject: Re: [BEHAVE] Goals for the proposed conf call on TURN encapsulations
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On Tue, Apr 1, 2008 at 9:07 PM, Philip Matthews
<philip_matthews@magma.ca> wrote:
> I have gotten the feedback that some people are unclear on the goals
>  for the proposed conf call on TURN encapsulations. So let me try to
>  clarify what I hope to achieve.
>
>  I have two goals:
>
>  1) TURN-UDP currently allows TCP or TLS over TCP connections between
>  the client and the server. That is, the user data flows over TCP to
>  the server, and then over UDP to the peer. However, the justification
>  for these two transports in the document is weak, and it has been
>  recently suggested that this can be used to violate firewall policy.
>  I would like to talk about this and agree on good reasons why these
>  transports are needed, or agree to remove them.

As implementer working on client side, my holy grail is to have a
client that will "just work", and the TCP/TLS connection helps me a
lot here as I don't have to implement more complex protocol like
ICE-TCP. Not being conscious with policy matters, I'm still puzzled on
why are we not allowing this. I mean, if I run my RTP over TCP over
TURN (with UDP peers), how is this any different than RTP over TCP, or
RTP over ICE-TCP, from the policy point of view?

So I think probably what we're looking is just the appropriate and
softer wording on the issue rather than dropping the (nice) feature
altogether. Something that doesn't say "helloo we are breaking
firewall policies here".

>  2) In my opinion, the TWIST proposal is essentially an alternative
>  encapsulation proposal for TURN.  In my personal opinion, the working
>  group should not pursue both the existing TURN proposal and TWIST at
>  the same time. So I would like to discuss TWIST vs TURN and see if we
>  can select one of these as the encapsulation that we will pursue in
>  the short term. (Note that the WG may disagree with me, and elect to
>  pursue both of these at the same time, but I feel we need to
>  consciously make this decision).

In own my personal opinion, let TWIST be TWIST and TURN be TURN. Maybe
TURN is not good enough for everyone, maybe it may not be able to run
on certain hardware, I know it would not run on my wrist watch, but
that's good enough for me. And I think it's good enough for most
people who want a working solution for VoIP vs symmetric NATs. And we
need this solution ASAP.

As implementor, I've been waiting for STUN/TURN/ICE trio to be
published since quite long time. Almost exactly a year ago I finished
my implementation and I wrote in my blog [1] how I thought we were
finally getting somewhere with STUN/ICE and that TURN was still
nowhere from stable. With what you're proposing, heck look where we're
at now. :)

Maybe nobody will care, but I will say here anyway that for
implementors like me it's been painful to keep up with the changes in
these protocols. I just re-wrote my software from scratch for TURN-07,
re-did interop tests (for the N-th time), and you're saying we'll have
to do these all over again with TURN-08 (and maybe every subsequent
TURN releases)? I wonder if implementors will still have the energy to
carry on with these.

[1] http://blog.pjsip.org/2007/04/06/introducing-pjnath-open-source-ice-stun-and-turn/

>  Another motivation to have this call is that discussion of these
>  topics on the mailing list was rather thin last week. I am hoping that
>  a conference call with provide better discussion.

The way I see it, the lack of discussions indicate the lack of
interest to take on board the issues, and perhaps the lack of strong
arguments on to why we're changing the hard-fought TURN-07.

Just my 0.02p.

Cheers
 Benny


>  - Philip
>
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From: Hadriel Kaplan <HKaplan@acmepacket.com>
To: Benny Prijono <bennylp@pjsip.org>, Philip Matthews
	<philip_matthews@magma.ca>
Date: Wed, 2 Apr 2008 00:08:25 -0400
Thread-Topic: [BEHAVE] Goals for the proposed conf call on TURN encapsulations
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Hi Benny,
Comments inline...

> -----Original Message-----
> From: behave-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:behave-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf
> Of Benny Prijono
>
> As implementer working on client side, my holy grail is to have a
> client that will "just work", and the TCP/TLS connection helps me a
> lot here as I don't have to implement more complex protocol like
> ICE-TCP.

I am not sure what you mean by not having to do ICE-TCP - you mean not doing RFC4571 framing?  Or you mean not using ICE connectivity checks and SIP/SDP pieces?  In other words you mean you plan to just use the TURN relay addresses, period?


> Not being conscious with policy matters, I'm still puzzled on
> why are we not allowing this. I mean, if I run my RTP over TCP over
> TURN (with UDP peers), how is this any different than RTP over TCP, or
> RTP over ICE-TCP, from the policy point of view?

I'm no expert on that either - I personally only keep up with the network provider side of life.  From what I'm told by folks in my company who do deal with enterprises, though, firewall policies are not a fixed well-defined rule-set, and vary for a bunch of reasons.

Regardless, there is a "difference" between running RTP/TURN/TCP and RTP/TCP.  For the former, it allows multiple RTP sessions (like audio+video) to run over a single TCP connection, or for example both RTP and RTCP over the single TURN-TCP connection, or MSRP file transfer and RTP over the same TURN-TCP connection, or Bitorrent and MP3 streams over the same connection, ad infinitum.  It is going down a slippery-slope of firewall avoidance, such that the natural conclusion is not just to use TURN, but to use it on port 80 or 443.  That *will* "just work" for you.  It is what some p2p apps resort to, to get their apps to work.  It is also something the ietf has avoided, afaik.  Obviously there is some middle-ground.  I'm just not sure what it is personally.

RTP/TCP (RFC4571) is a single TCP connection for a single m-line stream, including one for RTP and one for RTCP.  Furthermore, RFC4571 does not define a general application use-case - it is for RTP/RTCP and RTP/RTCP only, signaled in SDP.  TURN is not media specific, nor SIP specific, nor anything specific.  And given the interest lately to use TURN for any protocol, that raises the stakes.

There are though issues that have nothing to do with firewall policies.  Worse than UDP, TCP as a transport presents a number of issues with multiplexing different application streams in the same connection (e.g., HOL blocking, congestion avoidance backoff, flow shaping or RED in routers).

-hadriel
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From behave-bounces@ietf.org  Tue Apr  1 21:17:10 2008
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From: Hadriel Kaplan <HKaplan@acmepacket.com>
To: Benny Prijono <bennylp@pjsip.org>, Philip Matthews
	<philip_matthews@magma.ca>
Date: Wed, 2 Apr 2008 00:16:24 -0400
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Hi Benny,
I think Philip was looking for email responses like yours, to get a sense of what people are thinking, so thanks for that!
Other comment inline...

> -----Original Message-----
> From: behave-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:behave-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf
> Of Benny Prijono
>
> In own my personal opinion, let TWIST be TWIST and TURN be TURN. Maybe
> TURN is not good enough for everyone, maybe it may not be able to run
> on certain hardware, I know it would not run on my wrist watch, but
> that's good enough for me. And I think it's good enough for most
> people who want a working solution for VoIP vs symmetric NATs. And we
> need this solution ASAP.

Yes, that was what I proposed as well in an earlier email.  I did not mean to submit TWIST as a replacement for TURN, or to cause chaos.  It's like a Venn-diagram I think, of overlapping use-cases but not complete overlap of either.  Let the market(s) decide what they will.

I do, though, think TURN itself should be cleaned up, or at least consensus reached, on multiplexing and other issues - and here I'm talking about TURN-TCP, not TURN-UDP.

-hadriel
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Le Wednesday 02 April 2008 01:45:07 ext Benny Prijono, vous avez =E9crit=A0:
> As implementer working on client side, my holy grail is to have a
> client that will "just work", and the TCP/TLS connection helps me a
> lot here as I don't have to implement more complex protocol like
> ICE-TCP.

I know TCP could help in some cases: braindead UDP support in the NAT, =

braindead firewall configuration that blocks UDP but lets outgoing TCP. I =

wonder if TLS buys you anything unless the TURN server runs on port 443 - =

which would clearly be a firewall.

> Not being conscious with policy matters, I'm still puzzled on =

> why are we not allowing this. I mean, if I run my RTP over TCP over
> TURN (with UDP peers), how is this any different than RTP over TCP, or
> RTP over ICE-TCP, from the policy point of view?

As far as I know, we currently DO allow this.

The two main objections are it being a way to violate the firewall policy, =
and =

it being difficult or impossible to implement in hardware.

I think the firewall objection is bogus - UDP-to-UDP TURN can be used to =

work-around some loose firewall policies just as well. I would argue that's=
 a =

bug in the firewall policy, not in TURN, if it works that way.

A third objection, would be head-of-line blocking. However, I believe this =
is =

a non issue for TCP-to-UDP relaying. The relay can just drop incoming UDP =

packets from peers if the TCP session to the client is congested.

(...)
> In own my personal opinion, let TWIST be TWIST and TURN be TURN. Maybe
> TURN is not good enough for everyone, maybe it may not be able to run
> on certain hardware, I know it would not run on my wrist watch, but
> that's good enough for me. And I think it's good enough for most
> people who want a working solution for VoIP vs symmetric NATs. And we
> need this solution ASAP.

> As implementor, I've been waiting for STUN/TURN/ICE trio to be
> published since quite long time. Almost exactly a year ago I finished
> my implementation and I wrote in my blog [1] how I thought we were
> finally getting somewhere with STUN/ICE and that TURN was still
> nowhere from stable. With what you're proposing, heck look where we're
> at now. :)

As implementor, I have been holding back on implementing TURN, because it's =

been obvious, for the past 30+ months years I've been following BEHAVE it's =

not ready to be implemented.

Note however, that the current TURN spec is just plain broken when it comes=
 to =

TCP, especially, TCP-to-TCP, so it's going to have to change anyhow.

-- =

R=E9mi Denis-Courmont
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Subject: Re: [BEHAVE] TURN: Are unauthenticated indications and ChannelData
	msgs a problem?
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It's seems that one possible solution to these would be "only  
authenticated requests can create, update, or remove a permission".

Cullen <with my individual hat on>


On Mar 25, 2008, at 7:26 AM, Philip Matthews wrote:
>
> On Tue, 25-Mar-08, at 07:58 , Benny Prijono wrote:
>> On 3/24/08, Philip Matthews <philip_matthews@magma.ca> wrote:
>>> What are the consequences of not authenticating indications and
>>> ChannelData messages? I see two:
>>> 1) An attacker can inject fake data packets to the server or the
>>> client.
>>> 2) At attacker can refresh permissions and channels.
>>>
>>
>> What about:
>> 3) Attacker can create new permission to arbitrary peer to send rogue
>> data to client
>> 4) Attacker can DOS the server by tricking it into creating so
>> many permissions
>>
>> If he can fake source IP address/port, then he just sends a Send
>> Indication with arbitrary peer address to create a new permission,  
>> no?
>
> Good point! These are indeed attacks that I had not previously
> considered.
>
> I think these are lightly more serious than my attack (2), but I
> still don't see why someone would bother with these attacks.
>
> - Philip
> _______________________________________________
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> Behave@ietf.org
> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/behave

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On Wed, Apr 2, 2008 at 5:08 AM, Hadriel Kaplan <HKaplan@acmepacket.com> wrote:
> Hi Benny,
>  Comments inline...
>
>  > As implementer working on client side, my holy grail is to have a
>  > client that will "just work", and the TCP/TLS connection helps me a
>  > lot here as I don't have to implement more complex protocol like
>  > ICE-TCP.
>
>
> I am not sure what you mean by not having to do ICE-TCP - you mean not doing RFC4571 framing?  Or you mean not using ICE connectivity checks and SIP/SDP pieces?  In other words you mean you plan to just use the TURN relay addresses, period?
>

I'm using TURN with ICE, and all I need to do is to advertise the
relay address in the ICE candidate list. The fact that the connection
to the TURN server uses TCP is oblivious to the remote endpoint, and
the remote endpoint doesn't need to support TCP at all.

Alternatively, if I want my media to reach Internet with TCP, I will
have to implement ICE-TCP, and RFC 3571, and probably RFC 4145. Maybe
I'm wrong since I haven't even read any of these considering that I'm
not ready to do major modification in my software to support TCP based
media.

>  I'm no expert on that either - I personally only keep up with the network provider side of life.  From what I'm told by folks in my company who do deal with enterprises, though, firewall policies are not a fixed well-defined rule-set, and vary for a bunch of reasons.
>
>  Regardless, there is a "difference" between running RTP/TURN/TCP and RTP/TCP.  For the former, it allows multiple RTP sessions (like audio+video) to run over a single TCP connection, or for example both RTP and RTCP over the single TURN-TCP connection, or MSRP file transfer and RTP over the same TURN-TCP connection, or Bitorrent and MP3 streams over the same connection, ad infinitum.  It is going

I don't think that's accurate, CMIIW. One TURN UDP allocation/relay
address is only used for one type of media, regardless of whether the
connection to the TURN server uses UDP or TCP. So that means
application needs to allocate different TURN address for each SDP m=
line, including one allocation for RTP and another for RTCP.

Sure people can mux all of these in a single UDP allocation, by just
advertising the same transport address for all of them. But the same
can be done with plain RTP/UDP too, so TURN doesn't make the situation
any worse IMO.

> down a slippery-slope of firewall avoidance, such that the natural conclusion is not just to use TURN, but to use it on port 80 or 443.  That *will* "just work" for you.  It is what some p2p apps resort to, to get their apps to work.  It is also something the ietf has avoided, afaik.  Obviously there is some middle-ground.  I'm just not sure what it is personally.

Well whether I run my TURN on port 80 or 443 will be up to me, and to
be fair to the TURN draft, there's nothing there that says that
either. Maybe if TCP connection is disallowed I will run my TURN on
port 53, and then what, are we going to disallow TURN UDP too? ;-)


>  RTP/TCP (RFC4571) is a single TCP connection for a single m-line stream, including one for RTP and one for RTCP.  Furthermore, RFC4571 does not define a general application use-case - it is for RTP/RTCP and RTP/RTCP only, signaled in SDP.  TURN is not media specific, nor SIP specific, nor anything specific.  And given the interest lately to use TURN for any protocol, that raises the stakes.
>

With TURN application will also have to use one TURN allocation for
each m-line, and including one for RTP and one for RTCP.

>  There are though issues that have nothing to do with firewall policies.  Worse than UDP, TCP as a transport presents a number of issues with multiplexing different application streams in the same connection (e.g., HOL blocking, congestion avoidance backoff, flow shaping or RED in routers).
>

I believe you're talking about TURN TCP allocation, that will be a
different issue (which is being discussed on separate thread I
believe).

Cheers
 Benny


>  -hadriel
>
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From: "Benny Prijono" <bennylp@pjsip.org>
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On Wed, Apr 2, 2008 at 5:42 AM, R=E9mi Denis-Courmont
<remi.denis-courmont@nokia.com> wrote:
> Le Wednesday 02 April 2008 01:45:07 ext Benny Prijono, vous avez =E9crit :
>
> > As implementer working on client side, my holy grail is to have a
>  > client that will "just work", and the TCP/TLS connection helps me a
>  > lot here as I don't have to implement more complex protocol like
>  > ICE-TCP.
>
>  I know TCP could help in some cases: braindead UDP support in the NAT,
>  braindead firewall configuration that blocks UDP but lets outgoing TCP. I
>  wonder if TLS buys you anything unless the TURN server runs on port 443 -
>  which would clearly be a firewall.
>

The good thing with using TURN with ICE is, we don't care which one
will work. Just put everything in the candidate list and let ICE
machinery do its job.

>  > Not being conscious with policy matters, I'm still puzzled on
>  > why are we not allowing this. I mean, if I run my RTP over TCP over
>  > TURN (with UDP peers), how is this any different than RTP over TCP, or
>  > RTP over ICE-TCP, from the policy point of view?
>
>  As far as I know, we currently DO allow this.

Yep, and I'm trying to vote for it to stay.

>  The two main objections are it being a way to violate the firewall polic=
y, and
>  it being difficult or impossible to implement in hardware.

I can sympathize with the hardware problem. But just as Hadriel said
he doesn't care if TWIST is not implementable in client since he
doesn't write client, I also don't care if TURN is not implementable
in a certain chip since I don't write chips. :)

>  I think the firewall objection is bogus - UDP-to-UDP TURN can be used to
>  work-around some loose firewall policies just as well. I would argue tha=
t's a
>  bug in the firewall policy, not in TURN, if it works that way.

Maybe, can't really comment on that since I've no clue on policies
matter. But so far I've yet to hear why it's so bad to perform UDP
allocation using TCP connection to TURN server (what's the shorthand
name for this btw?), while I can do TCP media using other (non-TURN)
means without anybody complaining that I'm breaking somekind of
firewall policy.

>  A third objection, would be head-of-line blocking. However, I believe th=
is is
>  a non issue for TCP-to-UDP relaying. The relay can just drop incoming UDP
>  packets from peers if the TCP session to the client is congested.
>

Exactly.

>
>  As implementor, I have been holding back on implementing TURN, because i=
t's
>  been obvious, for the past 30+ months years I've been following BEHAVE i=
t's
>  not ready to be implemented.

Well I thought we're finally getting somewhere with TURN-07, and I
know at least one other implementor who thought the same.

>  Note however, that the current TURN spec is just plain broken when it co=
mes to
>  TCP, especially, TCP-to-TCP, so it's going to have to change anyhow.
>

Yep. I've been lurking here all along to see the latest discussions.

Cheers
 Benny
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On Wed, Apr 2, 2008 at 6:51 AM, Cullen Jennings <fluffy@cisco.com> wrote:
>
>  It's seems that one possible solution to these would be "only authenticated
> requests can create, update, or remove a permission".

Just to be clear with the proposal, I imagine that we will allow zero
or more PEER-ADDRESS attribute(s) to appear in Allocate and Refresh
requests, and the server will use these attributes to create or
refresh permissions. One of the interesting thing with this is that
there will be multiple instances of the same attribute to appear in a
STUN message. I don't think this is disallowed by STUN, but I don't
think there is existing usages that use this either, so it'll be
interesting to hear if it breaks implementations. For me I'm fine with
this.

There are variants to this proposal which I think are less optimized:
 - use new request/method to refresh permission. I think this is not
necessary since I presume client will want to refresh allocation when
it refreshes permission, so why not allow Refresh to refresh
permission too (with appropriate attribute to indicate which
permissions to refresh).
 - use separate requests to refresh individual permission. I think
this is too chatty.

For the proposal, I imagine the use case with ICE will be something like this:

   - caller sends Allocate with no PEER-ADDRESS (since it doesn't know
which permission to create yet). It then sends INVITE with SDP.

   - callee receives INVITE with SDP, it inspects caller's candidates
and sends Allocate (or Refresh if it's already got an allocation) with
one or more PEER-ADDRESS attributes, one for each candidate. It then
sends 18x/2xx with SDP.

   - when caller receives SDP, it'll send Refresh with one or more
PEER-ADDRESS attributes (one for each remote candidate) to create
permissions in the server. It may delay sending Send Indication to
perform connectivity check via the the TURN candidate until the
Refresh transaction completes, or it may send it immediately after the
Refresh in the best hope that the Refresh request will not get lost.
It doesn't matter for client since the Send Indication will be
retransmitted on the next ICE check retransmissions.

  - once ICE negotiation completes, and if TURN candidate is used,
client issues ChannelBind to "lock on" the permission, and the
permission refresh is taken over by ChannelBind refresh mechanism.

I think that could work, and it looks doable. It doesn't look too
complicated, and it may even simplify the timeout mechanism a bit
since now refresh is done more explicitly (no need to refresh
permission every time Send Indication or ChannelData is received). The
only complication that I can think of is if ICE negotiation is
happening for duration that is longer than the permission duration,
which in this case client has to remember to refresh the permissions.
But considering that permission lives for 5 minutes I don't think this
is an issue, ICE negotiation should complete by then. So clients only
need to create the permission once up front, and refresh only the one
that has been negotiated (via ChannelBind above for example).

And with this there is no objection to maintain Send indication
either, since it's no longer able to create permissions.

So while I'm not too keen to have yet another major modification, I
think I can accept the proposal if that makes TURN more acceptable.
The other choice is of course to ignore and just document this in
Security Consideration section, which I'm fine too.

Cheers
 Benny <with no hat on>

>  Cullen <with my individual hat on>
>
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Subject: Re: [BEHAVE] TURN: Proposed conf call
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Folks:

I suggest we confine our discussion to draft-ietf-behave-turn ("TURN- =

UDP"). This draft supports only UDP allocations and does not have any  =

head-of-line blocking problems or MSRP-like multiplexing problems (as  =

far as I am aware). However, it does allow TCP or TLS over TCP  =

connections between the client and the server.

Bringing in TURN-TCP is just confusing the issue. The authors split  =

TURN-TCP from TURN because it did have some of these problems, and  =

even though we had some ideas how to fix them, we didn't have time to  =

work through the details. The TURN-TCP document has not been updated  =

since November 2007, is no longer consistent with the current TURN  =

draft, and should probably be considered just a placeholder.

- Philip

On Tue, 1-Apr-08, at 09:39 , R=E9mi Denis-Courmont wrote:
> Le Friday 28 March 2008 20:23:59 ext Philip Matthews, vous avez  =

> =E9crit :
>> There has been some discussion recently on the encapsulations used
>> between the client and the server in TURN. Specifically, Hadriel has
>> questioned the use of TCP transport for a UDP allocation, and has
>> proposed an alternative encapsulation in his TWIST proposal.
>
> I believe, TWIST would be is very complicated to implement without  =

> special
> privileges. In theory, it is do-able: it would be a slimmed-down  =

> userland
> TCP/IP stack. This applies to both TURN client and TURN relay, and is
> somewhat similar to what slirp[1] does. Alternatively, some kind of  =

> raw
> packets or tunneling API could be used.
> This seems to be fit fairly well for hardware relays, but not quite  =

> anything
> else (client, or soft relays).
>
> [1] http://slirp.sourceforge.net/
>
> Nevertheless, this proposal would address the congestion issues  =

> involving
> multiple TCP session over a single TURN allocation. It does not  =

> solve the
> TCP-to-UDP problem - it just does not allow this case to happen, as  =

> the
> client must use UDP to the relay, independent of the relay-to-peer  =

> transport.
>
>
>
> The current TURN proposal does not address head-of-line blocking and  =

> MSRP-like
> multiplexing problems. IMHO, this is a serious flaw. TCP-to-UDP  =

> however works
> (if UDP packets are allowed to be dropped), though that can be  =

> difficult if
> not impossible for hardware relays to implement.
>
> The "obvious" way to fix the congestion issues is the way SSH does  =

> (I think):
> have some congestion control protocol on top of TCP. Complicated  =

> however.
>
>
>
> The N:N TCP connection proposal solves the congestion issues. It is  =

> extremely
> easy to implement in software (both client and relay). In fact,  =

> client can
> almost use the TCP sockets as usual - as they do with SOCKS.  =

> Software relays
> can terminate the TCP sessions toward both client and peer and  =

> forward data
> across. I believe, it would also be easy to implement in hardware or  =

> kernel:
> TCP packets can simply be translated much like a double-sided NAT -  =

> in this
> case congestion control (and retransmission) are done end-to-end
> (client-to-peer).
>
> For TCP-to-UDP, this would be pretty much the same as the current  =

> TURN. In
> fact, in this case using multiple TCP connections is not so  =

> interesting.
>
>
> So, as far as I am concerned (you're free to disagree):
>
>                       TWIST   TURN     N:N
> ----------------------------------------------
> TCP-UDP HW relay           No    Hard     Hard
> TCP-UDP SW relay           No    Easy     Easy
> TCP-TCP HW relay         Easy  Medium?    Easy
> TCP-TCP SW relay         Hard  Medium     Easy
> TCP-TCP Normal client    Hard  Medium     Easy
> TCP-TCP "Root" client  Medium  Medium?    Easy
> Number of flows           N+1      N+1    2N+1
>
> -- =

> R=E9mi Denis-Courmont
> _______________________________________________
> Behave mailing list
> Behave@ietf.org
> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/behave
>

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On Tue, 1-Apr-08, at 16:07 , Hadriel Kaplan wrote:
>
>> -----Original Message-----
>> From: Eric Rescorla [mailto:ekr@networkresonance.com]
>>
>> Hadriel Kaplan wrote:
>>>
>>> Because a client as currently defined in TURN and TURN-tcp can use
>>> TURN to create a long-lived, publicly reachable TURN relay listen
>>> port for server-type services to itself.  Although there is some
>>> wording in TURN security section saying it cannot be run as such, I
>>> don't see any such restriction in the protocol itself - for example
>>> the permissions section as defined does not prevent a willing client
>>> app and/or TURN server from doing so. (though I could be wrong)
>>
>> I'm not sure what you mean by "in the protocol"? It's explicitly
>> forbidden by the permission mechanism. Obviously, the server could
>> be noncompliant, but how is this a TURN issue?
>
> I meant afaict the permission mechanism didn't stop a normal TURN  
> client from allocating a relay address and a normal TURN server from  
> sending it a DATA indication of receiving something for that relay  
> address, if a permission was not in effect.  But I think I was  
> wrong.  After reading it again carefully, I think what it's saying  
> is a UDP permission is only created when a TURN client sends  
> something to that peer first, and a TCP listen request must have a  
> peer address for a permission, and TURN server silently discards any  
> inbound messages on its relay side not matching a permission?  If  
> so, then it's good.

There is no "TCP listen request" in draft-ietf-behave-turn.  And  
please ignore draft-ietf-behave-turn-tcp for now.

And yes, a permission is created only by an explicit action by the  
client (either sending a packet to the peer, binding a channel, or an  
sending an empty Send indication).

- Philip
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> -----Original Message-----
> From: Philip Matthews [mailto:philip_matthews@magma.ca]
>
> There is no "TCP listen request" in draft-ietf-behave-turn.  And
> please ignore draft-ietf-behave-turn-tcp for now.

OK, I will ignore TURN-tcp for now.

With regards to draft-ietf-behave-turn, when using a TCP or TLS connection for the client-TURN portion, is there something in draft-ietf-behave-turn that says one TCP connection is used for one UDP peer connection?  I was under the impression it allowed/supported many peer UDP connections to be multiplexed in one TCP or TLS TURN connection.

-hadriel
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> -----Original Message-----
> From: behave-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:behave-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf
> Of Benny Prijono
>
> >  The two main objections are it being a way to violate the firewall
> policy, and
> >  it being difficult or impossible to implement in hardware.
>
> I can sympathize with the hardware problem. But just as Hadriel said
> he doesn't care if TWIST is not implementable in client since he
> doesn't write client, I also don't care if TURN is not implementable
> in a certain chip since I don't write chips. :)

I *never* said I don't care if TWIST is implementable in a client.  I said I don't care *how* it works in a client - i.e., I don't personally care about the implementation details of shims vs. stacks vs. whatever.  I most certainly *do* care that clients be able to implement it, and obviously the more easily/simpler the better.

BUT, you and others are implying the client should be easy and it doesn't matter how hard the server relay is.  I think it should be the other way around completely.  I think the clients should do absolutely everything in their power to off-load any burden from relays, and if that takes re-writing the existing client code or installing special-privilege shims to do so then so be it.  The reason I think that is not because I'm lazy, but because I think the client desperately wants there to be a relay to begin with, and so it should make the bar for relays as low as possible.  My $0.02 anyway (which, given the value of the $, is a lot less than $0.02 used to be).

-hadriel
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Subject: Re: [BEHAVE] Goals for the proposed conf call on TURN encapsulations
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First of all, thanks for having a mailing list discussion on all this.  
I am following the mailing list closely, and will make sure that any  
comments made on the list are carefully considered when deciding what  
to do with TURN.

Regarding finishing TURN. Indeed, TURN has been very unstable for a  
long time, so it has not been a very good candidate for stable trial  
implementations. However, the authors are working hard to try to  
finish TURN as fast as possible, since it is the last piece holding  
back ICE from publication as an RFC.  I am still hoping to have a WGLC  
on TURN before the Dublin meeting. However, even though changing  
encapsulations is a major change, there is no point going forward with  
a document that is just going to be ignored. So I want to make sure  
the question of encapsulations is properly considered.

More comments on Hadriel's message below

On Wed, 2-Apr-08, at 00:08 , Hadriel Kaplan wrote:
> Hi Benny,
> Comments inline...
>
>> -----Original Message-----
>> From: behave-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:behave-bounces@ietf.org] On  
>> Behalf
>> Of Benny Prijono
>>
>> As implementer working on client side, my holy grail is to have a
>> client that will "just work", and the TCP/TLS connection helps me a
>> lot here as I don't have to implement more complex protocol like
>> ICE-TCP.
>
> I am not sure what you mean by not having to do ICE-TCP - you mean  
> not doing RFC4571 framing?  Or you mean not using ICE connectivity  
> checks and SIP/SDP pieces?  In other words you mean you plan to just  
> use the TURN relay addresses, period?
>
>
>> Not being conscious with policy matters, I'm still puzzled on
>> why are we not allowing this. I mean, if I run my RTP over TCP over
>> TURN (with UDP peers), how is this any different than RTP over TCP,  
>> or
>> RTP over ICE-TCP, from the policy point of view?
>
> I'm no expert on that either - I personally only keep up with the  
> network provider side of life.  From what I'm told by folks in my  
> company who do deal with enterprises, though, firewall policies are  
> not a fixed well-defined rule-set, and vary for a bunch of reasons.
>
> Regardless, there is a "difference" between running RTP/TURN/TCP and  
> RTP/TCP.  For the former, it allows multiple RTP sessions (like audio 
> +video) to run over a single TCP connection, or for example both RTP  
> and RTCP over the single TURN-TCP connection, or MSRP file transfer  
> and RTP over the same TURN-TCP connection, or Bitorrent and MP3  
> streams over the same connection, ad infinitum.  It is going down a  
> slippery-slope of firewall avoidance, such that the natural  
> conclusion is not just to use TURN, but to use it on port 80 or  
> 443.  That *will* "just work" for you.  It is what some p2p apps  
> resort to, to get their apps to work.  It is also something the ietf  
> has avoided, afaik.  Obviously there is some middle-ground.  I'm  
> just not sure what it is personally.

What precisely are you objecting to here?  Is it the multiplexing, or  
the use of TCP? For example, if the client used a UDP connection to  
the server, then are you still concerned.

Someone told me privately that one reason people are interested in  
using TCP between a client and the server is because firewall vendors  
don't like UDP because there is no explicit connection termination.  
With TCP, there is a handshake to connect and another handshake to  
disconnect, and this makes everything much more explicit.

In my own company (Avaya), there is a firewall that monitors outgoing  
traffic (as well as incoming traffic), and it blocks various types of  
outgoing traffic. Though I don't know for sure, I think that the  
firewall is set to block all outgoing traffic (either TCP or UDP)  
unless an explicit permission has been inserted for the destination  
port. So this means that TURN will not work unless the IT department  
allows it. Thus I don't think allowing TCP connections between the  
client and the server will violate corporate security policy here.

>
>
> RTP/TCP (RFC4571) is a single TCP connection for a single m-line  
> stream, including one for RTP and one for RTCP.  Furthermore,  
> RFC4571 does not define a general application use-case - it is for  
> RTP/RTCP and RTP/RTCP only, signaled in SDP.  TURN is not media  
> specific, nor SIP specific, nor anything specific.  And given the  
> interest lately to use TURN for any protocol, that raises the stakes.
>
> There are though issues that have nothing to do with firewall  
> policies.  Worse than UDP, TCP as a transport presents a number of  
> issues with multiplexing different application streams in the same  
> connection (e.g., HOL blocking, congestion avoidance backoff, flow  
> shaping or RED in routers).

I don't think any of these problems apply in the situations allowed  
for by draft-ietf-behave-turn-07. If you believe otherwise, can you  
point out why?

- Philip
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From: Hadriel Kaplan <HKaplan@acmepacket.com>
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Date: Wed, 2 Apr 2008 11:48:18 -0400
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> -----Original Message-----
> From: bennylp@pjsip.com [mailto:bennylp@pjsip.com] On Behalf Of Benny
> Prijono
>
> Well whether I run my TURN on port 80 or 443 will be up to me, and to
> be fair to the TURN draft, there's nothing there that says that
> either. Maybe if TCP connection is disallowed I will run my TURN on
> port 53, and then what, are we going to disallow TURN UDP too? ;-)

No, you're not following what I mean.  You can of course run TURN on port 80, or SIP on port 80, or whatever, and no the IETF is not the protocol police.  However, what I'm talking about is about a question I asked a while ago.

The question I asked is "Why do we need TCP/TLS as a transport for the TURN connection when the peer connection is UDP?"

The answer from several people was (paraphrasing): "So we can get UDP-based applications to work across firewalls, and have something that works as well as Skype or other p2p apps."

*That* is a slippery-slope.  Because using TCP/TLS TURN will NOT be sufficient to accomplish that goal.  Sending on port 80/443 will be necessary.  Implementing FEP (RFC3093) is probably ultimately necessary.  If one of the goals/requirements for TURN (and I have never actually seen any written goals/requirements for TURN) is "make applications of any type work across firewalls of any type", then to accomplish that goal it would have to specify more than just "use TCP".  And that is where the IETF would/should have concerns.  They should not be specifying FEP as anything but an April 1st RFC, imho.

That's not to say people don't/can't do that - we're only talking about what the IETF should officially advocate - not what people can do.

I'm not saying this means TCP/TLS use of TURN-udp should be removed.  Maybe it is the appropriate point of "firewall avoidance" we should get to.  I dunno.

-hadriel
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On Wed, 2-Apr-08, at 10:52 , Hadriel Kaplan wrote:
>
>
>> -----Original Message-----
>> From: Philip Matthews [mailto:philip_matthews@magma.ca]
>>
>> There is no "TCP listen request" in draft-ietf-behave-turn.  And
>> please ignore draft-ietf-behave-turn-tcp for now.
>
> OK, I will ignore TURN-tcp for now.
>
> With regards to draft-ietf-behave-turn, when using a TCP or TLS  
> connection for the client-TURN portion, is there something in draft- 
> ietf-behave-turn that says one TCP connection is used for one UDP  
> peer connection?  I was under the impression it allowed/supported  
> many peer UDP connections to be multiplexed in one TCP or TLS TURN  
> connection.

draft-ietf-behave-turn-07 allows a client to communicate with multiple  
peers using a single (UDP) allocation. This is true regardless of  
whether UDP, TCP, or TLS over TCP is used for the connection between  
the client and the server. This is illustrated in figure 1 in the draft.

There are a number of reasons for allowing this:

1) If the call forks, and multiple endpoints answer the call, then  
this means that ICE just works, and there is no need to provide each  
endpoint with a different relayed transport address.

2) Some people want a client to use a single relayed transport address  
for ALL communication between the client and peers. For example, some  
people implementing NAT traversal for HIP are thinking of doing this.


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On Wed, 2-Apr-08, at 11:48 , Hadriel Kaplan wrote:
>   If one of the goals/requirements for TURN (and I have never  
> actually seen any written goals/requirements for TURN) is "make  
> applications of any type work across firewalls of any type", then to  
> accomplish that goal it would have to specify more than just "use  
> TCP".

The goal of TURN is to allow an client to work behind a NAT of any  
type (and specifically, behind NATs which are not BEHAVE-compliant)  
that implements only very simple filtering properties.  It is _NOT_ a  
goal to try to work around firewall policies.

In other words, if you go out a buy a NAT that is not have the  
Endpoint-Independent mapping property, then TURN should allow you to  
work through that NAT.

- Philip

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Subject: Re: [BEHAVE] Goals for the proposed conf call on TURN encapsulations
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Philip Matthews wrote:
> First of all, thanks for having a mailing list discussion on all this.  
> I am following the mailing list closely, and will make sure that any  
> comments made on the list are carefully considered when deciding what  
> to do with TURN.
> 
> Regarding finishing TURN. Indeed, TURN has been very unstable for a  
> long time, so it has not been a very good candidate for stable trial  
> implementations. 

How a protocol can be proposed as a standard track RFC without
implementations is a mystery for me.  I know that it is mandatory to
have independent implementations only when a standard is promoted to
Draft Standard, but as nobody seems to worry to promote standards
anymore, I think that the burden of the two implementations should be
moved to the Proposed Standard.

Anyway even if everybody seems to have given up on TURN implementations,
I did not.  On request I can provide an access to our TURN servers
(turn-05 and rfc3489bis-15 currently, working on upgrading to turn-07).
 I can also provide a WIP patch for Wireshark.  We are also working on
implementing STUN and TURN in Zap[1], but it will take 2 or 3 more
months to release the code.

[1] http://www.croczilla.com/zap

> However, the authors are working hard to try to  
> finish TURN as fast as possible, since it is the last piece holding  
> back ICE from publication as an RFC.  I am still hoping to have a WGLC  
> on TURN before the Dublin meeting. However, even though changing  
> encapsulations is a major change, there is no point going forward with  
> a document that is just going to be ignored. So I want to make sure  
> the question of encapsulations is properly considered.

-- 
Marc Petit-Huguenin           [                                 ]
Home: marc@petit-huguenin.org [RFC1855-compliant space for rent ]
Work: marc@8x8.com            [                                 ]
[                                                               ]
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From: Hadriel Kaplan <HKaplan@acmepacket.com>
To: Benny Prijono <bennylp@pjsip.org>
Date: Wed, 2 Apr 2008 12:41:36 -0400
Thread-Topic: [BEHAVE] Goals for the proposed conf call on TURN encapsulations
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> -----Original Message-----
> From: bennylp@pjsip.com [mailto:bennylp@pjsip.com] On Behalf Of Benny
> Prijono
>
> On Wed, Apr 2, 2008 at 5:08 AM, Hadriel Kaplan <HKaplan@acmepacket.com>
> wrote:
> >
> >  Regardless, there is a "difference" between running RTP/TURN/TCP and
> RTP/TCP.  For the former, it allows multiple RTP sessions (like
> audio+video) to run over a single TCP connection, or for example both RTP
> and RTCP over the single TURN-TCP connection, or MSRP file transfer and
> RTP over the same TURN-TCP connection, or Bitorrent and MP3 streams over
> the same connection, ad infinitum.  It is going
>
> I don't think that's accurate, CMIIW. One TURN UDP allocation/relay
> address is only used for one type of media, regardless of whether the
> connection to the TURN server uses UDP or TCP. So that means
> application needs to allocate different TURN address for each SDP m=
> line, including one allocation for RTP and another for RTCP.
>
> Sure people can mux all of these in a single UDP allocation, by just
> advertising the same transport address for all of them. But the same
> can be done with plain RTP/UDP too, so TURN doesn't make the situation
> any worse IMO.

Nope - afaik, when you advertise multiple RFC4571 connections, each TCP connection handles exactly one RTP m-line stream, or one RTCP stream.  The mechanism follows Dr. Spengler's advice of "Don't cross the streams." :)

With TURN, one TURN TCP connection, from client to TURN server, can handle numerous peer UDP connections. (For TURN-TCP, it could handle numerous peer TCP connections, but I'll ignore TURN-tcp)  In other words, the relay address you give out in SDP may well be unique per stream, but the data for them all can come in and go out on one TCP connection between you and the relay.


> >  There are though issues that have nothing to do with firewall policies.
> Worse than UDP, TCP as a transport presents a number of issues with
> multiplexing different application streams in the same connection (e.g.,
> HOL blocking, congestion avoidance backoff, flow shaping or RED in
> routers).
> >
>
> I believe you're talking about TURN TCP allocation, that will be a
> different issue (which is being discussed on separate thread I
> believe).

Nope, I'm talking draft-ietf-behave-turn, using TCP or TLS for the client-relay connection and UDP from relay to peers.

-hadriel
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On Wed, Apr 2, 2008 at 5:41 PM, Hadriel Kaplan <HKaplan@acmepacket.com> wrote:
>  > Sure people can mux all of these in a single UDP allocation, by just
>  > advertising the same transport address for all of them. But the same
>  > can be done with plain RTP/UDP too, so TURN doesn't make the situation
>  > any worse IMO.
>
>  Nope - afaik, when you advertise multiple RFC4571 connections, each TCP connection handles exactly one RTP m-line stream, or one RTCP stream.  The mechanism follows Dr. Spengler's advice of "Don't cross the streams." :)
>
>  With TURN, one TURN TCP connection, from client to TURN server, can handle numerous peer UDP connections. (For TURN-TCP, it could handle numerous peer TCP connections, but I'll ignore TURN-tcp)  In other words, the relay address you give out in SDP may well be unique per stream, but the data for them all can come in and go out on one TCP connection between you and the relay.
>

I don't think that's true. One TCP connection between client and TURN
server can only be used to serve *exactly one* TURN allocation. But it
looks like this is not explicitly mentioned in the draft, the closest
thing that I can find that implies this is from this text in page 8:

      While the terminology used in this document refers to 5-tuples,
      the TURN server can store whatever identifier it likes that yields
      identical results.  Specifically, many implementations use a file-
      descriptor in place of a 5-tuple to represent a TCP connection.

The last sentence that says a (TCP) file descriptor may be used in
place of 5-tuple implies that a TCP client connection can only be used
to serve one allocation, since the 5-tuple uniquely identifies an
Allocation in the server.

Cheers
 Benny
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> -----Original Message-----
> From: Philip Matthews [mailto:philip_matthews@magma.ca]
> Sent: Wednesday, April 02, 2008 11:26 AM
>
> Regarding finishing TURN. Indeed, TURN has been very unstable for a
> long time, so it has not been a very good candidate for stable trial
> implementations. However, the authors are working hard to try to
> finish TURN as fast as possible, since it is the last piece holding
> back ICE from publication as an RFC.

Whoah.  Why is draft-ietf-behave-turn delaying ICE???  I mean I see it in the normative section, and I see it riddled throughout the ICE doc.  Hmm.  Too bad ICE wasn't written to describe just using a relayed address gotten through some relay means, a possible one being TURN, and leave it at that. :(

Ugh.  This is not good.

-hadriel
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Cc: Behave WG <behave@ietf.org>, Philip Matthews <philip_matthews@magma.ca>
Subject: Re: [BEHAVE] Goals for the proposed conf call on TURN encapsulations
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P=E5l-Erik Martinsen wrote:
> inline
> =

> =

> Marc Petit-Huguenin wrote:
> =

>> Philip Matthews wrote:
>>   =

>>> First of all, thanks for having a mailing list discussion on all this.  =

>>> I am following the mailing list closely, and will make sure that any  =

>>> comments made on the list are carefully considered when deciding what  =

>>> to do with TURN.
>>>
>>> Regarding finishing TURN. Indeed, TURN has been very unstable for a  =

>>> long time, so it has not been a very good candidate for stable trial  =

>>> implementations. =

>>>     =

>> How a protocol can be proposed as a standard track RFC without
>> implementations is a mystery for me.  I know that it is mandatory to
>> have independent implementations only when a standard is promoted to
>> Draft Standard, but as nobody seems to worry to promote standards
>> anymore, I think that the burden of the two implementations should be
>> moved to the Proposed Standard.
>>
>> Anyway even if everybody seems to have given up on TURN implementations,
>> I did not.  On request I can provide an access to our TURN servers
>> (turn-05 and rfc3489bis-15 currently, working on upgrading to turn-07).
>>  I can also provide a WIP patch for Wireshark.  We are also working on
>> implementing STUN and TURN in Zap[1], but it will take 2 or 3 more
>> months to release the code.
>>
>> [1] http://www.croczilla.com/zap
>>
>>   =

> I have not given up!
> Just finished a TURN-07 client implementation.
> =

> I have not implemented the REQUESTED-PROPS attribute. Further down the
> road ICE will need explicit rtcp-port signalling in the SDP anyway.

Isn't what RFC 3605 do?

> =

> I would be very interested in the Wireshark patch. Getting tired of just
> seeing STUN2 packets with unknown attributes.

Sent in private email.

> =

> Please let me know when your servers are upgraded to 07. I would love to
> do a quick test.
> =



-- =

Marc Petit-Huguenin           [                                 ]
Home: marc@petit-huguenin.org [RFC1855-compliant space for rent ]
Work: marc@8x8.com            [                                 ]
[                                                               ]
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Cc: Behave WG <behave@ietf.org>
Subject: Re: [BEHAVE] Goals for the proposed conf call on TURN encapsulations
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On Wed, 2-Apr-08, at 13:25 , Benny Prijono wrote:
> On Wed, Apr 2, 2008 at 5:41 PM, Hadriel Kaplan  
> <HKaplan@acmepacket.com> wrote:
>>> Sure people can mux all of these in a single UDP allocation, by just
>>> advertising the same transport address for all of them. But the same
>>> can be done with plain RTP/UDP too, so TURN doesn't make the  
>>> situation
>>> any worse IMO.
>>
>> Nope - afaik, when you advertise multiple RFC4571 connections, each  
>> TCP connection handles exactly one RTP m-line stream, or one RTCP  
>> stream.  The mechanism follows Dr. Spengler's advice of "Don't  
>> cross the streams." :)
>>
>> With TURN, one TURN TCP connection, from client to TURN server, can  
>> handle numerous peer UDP connections. (For TURN-TCP, it could  
>> handle numerous peer TCP connections, but I'll ignore TURN-tcp)  In  
>> other words, the relay address you give out in SDP may well be  
>> unique per stream, but the data for them all can come in and go out  
>> on one TCP connection between you and the relay.
>>
>>
>
> I don't think that's true. One TCP connection between client and TURN
> server can only be used to serve *exactly one* TURN allocation. But it
> looks like this is not explicitly mentioned in the draft, the closest
> thing that I can find that implies this is from this text in page 8:
>
>      While the terminology used in this document refers to 5-tuples,
>      the TURN server can store whatever identifier it likes that  
> yields
>      identical results.  Specifically, many implementations use a  
> file-
>      descriptor in place of a 5-tuple to represent a TCP connection.
>
> The last sentence that says a (TCP) file descriptor may be used in
> place of 5-tuple implies that a TCP client connection can only be used
> to serve one allocation, since the 5-tuple uniquely identifies an
> Allocation in the server.


An allocation is uniquely identified by the 5-tuple (source IP  
address, source port, dest IP address, dest port, protocol) of the  
connection between the client and the server. Thus a TCP connection  
between the client and the server can only be used for one allocation.

However, multiple peers can talk to the client over that allocation,  
where "peer" is a unique (IP address, port) combination.

Thus it would be possible for a client to put the same relayed  
transport address for multiple streams in the SDP, provided the client  
could figure out what to send to each of the remote (IP address, port)  
combinations.

- Philip

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From behave-bounces@ietf.org  Wed Apr  2 13:59:35 2008
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Subject: [BEHAVE] Conf call on TURN encapsulations will be held on Tuesday
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The conference call on TURN encapsulations will be held on Tuesday, 8  
April 2007 at the following time
      9 - 11 Pacific / 12 - 14 Eastern / 18 - 20 CET / 19 - 21 EET

Please send me an e-mail if you want to join this call, and I will  
send you the bridge information. (Those who have already responded  
need not reply again).

- Philip



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From behave-bounces@ietf.org  Wed Apr  2 14:27:17 2008
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I think that I found a contradiction between turn-07 and turn-ipv6-04:

In turn-07 section 6.2, "When allocating a relayed transport address for
the allocation, the server MUST allocate an IP address of the same
family (e.g, IPv4 vs. IPv6) as the server's transport address."

In turn-ipv6 section 5.1, "If the REQUESTED-ADDRESS-TYPE attribute is
absent, the server MUST allocate a IPv4 transport address to the TURN
client."

My understanding before trying to implement turn-07 was that TURN
without turn-ipv6 always allocates an IPv4 relayed transport address -
in other words that a REQUESTED-ADDRESS-TYPE with a family value equals
to 0x01 is equivalent to no REQUESTED-ADDRESS-TYPE.

Who's right?

-- 
Marc Petit-Huguenin           [                                 ]
Home: marc@petit-huguenin.org [RFC1855-compliant space for rent ]
Work: marc@8x8.com            [                                 ]
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Subject: [BEHAVE] TURN and TWIST
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I read Hadriel's TWIST draft and as you can imagine I have lots of comments.

Firstly, despite Hadriel's comments on the list otherwise, my reading of 
this document is that it is positioned as an alternative proposal to 
TURN, obviously one coming extremely late in a process that has already 
taken a very long. The abstract says:

   This is similar to TURN, but defines an alternative mechanism which 
is more
    scalable, cheaper to deploy, and is thus more likely to succeed in 
achieving wide-
    spread use.  TWIST is not meant to replace TURN, but rather to 
provide an
    alternative.

The first and second sentences are clear contradictions to each other, 
since the argumentative language in the first sentence (and indeed 
throughout the document) position it as "lets boot turn and do this 
instead since its better". Though Hadriel of course has the right to 
author whatever drafts he likes, I find this approach at this late stage 
to be disruptive and not helpful.

Secondly, I disagree entirely with this approach. All along from day 
one, it has been an objective of TURN to provide a mechanism that was 
optimized for relaying of real time media and thus low overhead. Both 
the tunnel and transport modes in this document (and especially tunnel) 
bring huge overhead for no clear advantage. Thus, this draft doesn't 
even come close to meeting the needs which drove us towards the TURN 
design.

Next, the draft makes claims of more efficient hardware implementation. 
I find little real evidence for this; merely some hand-waving at 
similarity to existing VPN hardware products. However, TWIST is 
different than VPN and it is far from obvious to me that in reality this 
would be faster. To be frank this was a lot of FUD.

Architecturally, I find the mechansism is an odd hybrid between VPN 
(layer 3 relay) and transport (layer 4 relay). TURN is very much a 
transport layer relay and therefore IMHO a cleaner solution.

The draft also claims its simpler by only allowing one remote peer per 
allocation. This capability in TURN is not a bug, its a feature. It is 
there to make TURN work with SIPs forking feature. If you remove this 
capability in TWIST then TWIST will not work with SIP.

The transport mode in the draft appears to be broken; there is no way 
for a client to listen on a socket and then send a packet to a 
particular remote peer. The inner UDP packet only specifies the remote 
peer's destination port and not the destination IP. This is necessary 
for ICE to function. Therefore I do not believe transport mode works 
with ICE.

The latching behavior for listen connections is also broken. This used 
to be in TURN too - and was called lockdown. AN attacker can send a 
faked UDP packet with no credentials and cause the legitimate peer to be 
blocked. We discarded this approach years ago for this reason.

I believe the demultiplexing is broken. The draft says that, after an 
allocation is done, STUN and app data are demuxed by sending STUN within 
the native encapsulation, but using the default TWIST port. This is 
broken for two reasons. Firstly, it doesn't work if you want to 
communicate with the peer on its twist port. Second and more 
importantly, there can still be retransmissions of the original 
UNENCAPSULATED stun packets. This means the relay needs to demux STUN 
and UDP, which cannot be reliably done.


Thus my opinion is that we should set this draft aside and continue to 
work on TURN as we have been doing. If Hadriel or anyone else has 
suggestions on improvements or changes to be made in TURN let us of 
course hear them. But entertaining a completely new approach that 
doesn't work, provides no clear improvement over the current approach, 
and doesn't meet the needs that drove turn, is not beneficial for the 
group at this point.

-Jonathan R.


-- 
Jonathan D. Rosenberg, Ph.D.                   499 Thornall St.
Cisco Fellow                                   Edison, NJ 08837
Cisco, Voice Technology Group
jdrosen@cisco.com
http://www.jdrosen.net                         PHONE: (408) 902-3084
http://www.cisco.com
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From behave-bounces@ietf.org  Wed Apr  2 18:57:03 2008
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I will send out bridge information for the call by Monday.
Right now, I have a bridge with a US dial-in number, but I am trying  
to find one that also has international dial-in numbers.

- Philip

On Wed, 2-Apr-08, at 16:59 , Philip Matthews wrote:
> The conference call on TURN encapsulations will be held on Tuesday, 8
> April 2007 at the following time
>      9 - 11 Pacific / 12 - 14 Eastern / 18 - 20 CET / 19 - 21 EET
>
> Please send me an e-mail if you want to join this call, and I will
> send you the bridge information. (Those who have already responded
> need not reply again).
>
> - Philip
>
>
>
> _______________________________________________
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From: Hadriel Kaplan <HKaplan@acmepacket.com>
To: Jonathan Rosenberg <jdrosen@cisco.com>, Behave WG <behave@ietf.org>
Date: Wed, 2 Apr 2008 22:18:52 -0400
Thread-Topic: [BEHAVE] TURN and TWIST
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Ah, I was wondering when you'd get time for this. :)
Thanks for responding.
Comments inline...

> -----Original Message-----
> From: behave-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:behave-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf
> Of Jonathan Rosenberg
>
> Firstly, despite Hadriel's comments on the list otherwise, my reading of
> this document is that it is positioned as an alternative proposal to
> TURN, obviously one coming extremely late in a process that has already
> taken a very long. The abstract says:
> The first and second sentences are clear contradictions to each other,
> since the argumentative language in the first sentence (and indeed
> throughout the document) position it as "lets boot turn and do this
> instead since its better". Though Hadriel of course has the right to
> author whatever drafts he likes, I find this approach at this late stage
> to be disruptive and not helpful.

Although I did not email it to the list, I did email to you and others that my intention was NOT to disrupt TURN with TWIST, and that it's NOT a replacement.  I am not, for example, suggesting that ICE be held up for it or even discuss TWIST.  I also noted several times to people off-line (though maybe not to you) that I was very sorry for being late with questions about TURN and though I tried to go through previous emails on the reflector archive but there just too many hits to go through, and that if the consensus was "we're way past that - go away" then I'd shut up about TURN.  The response from people off-line was "we're well past TURN with udp as the transport, but not Turn with tcp".  IF you and others on the list feel the turn-udp draft is well past the TCP or TLS transport issues, I will shut up about them.

I am keenly aware I am late to this process and do not want to put up roadblocks to it.  I was, for example, surprised to learn ICE had a normative dependency on the TURN-udp draft and that alone makes me regret raising issues on TURN-udp.  Again, I apologize sincerely for this.  :(


> Secondly, I disagree entirely with this approach. All along from day
> one, it has been an objective of TURN to provide a mechanism that was
> optimized for relaying of real time media and thus low overhead. Both
> the tunnel and transport modes in this document (and especially tunnel)
> bring huge overhead for no clear advantage. Thus, this draft doesn't
> even come close to meeting the needs which drove us towards the TURN
> design.

The "transport" mode, as noted in the TWIST draft, for udp could be made to *be* TURN's encapsulation.  You say "real time media", but using TCP transport for real-time media is a contradiction in itself.  The reason it's kosher, maybe, is it makes things work through certain firewalls and thus be "more successful".  In a similar vein, the "tunnel" encapsulation format is there simply to make things be "more successful", by letting more server relay types exist.  I.e., letting more things *be* TWIST relays.  Specifically I am thinking of firewalls, vpn switches, and router services blades.  That is the advantage for that format.  I am not personally tied to that format myself, though I do think it has other advantages if one were to actually encrypt using it.


> Next, the draft makes claims of more efficient hardware implementation.
> I find little real evidence for this; merely some hand-waving at
> similarity to existing VPN hardware products. However, TWIST is
> different than VPN and it is far from obvious to me that in reality this
> would be faster. To be frank this was a lot of FUD.

Don't take my word for it - talk to your company's hardware folks.  When you have to terminate TCP it's not free, and there aren't as many of your products that can do it.  There are ASICs that can do it in certain products, and there are at least 3 relatively new off-the-shelf chip vendors I know of that can do it in scale, where by scale I mean in the multi-gig and 100K-1M+ connections, one of whom your company uses in a couple of your products I believe.  For those 3 chips, terminating TCP or TLS is still more overhead than either of the encap formats in TWIST, with less resulting throughput and/or fewer flows.  I only "know" that because we have one of those too, and like any hardware vendor we're exposed to most if not all of their sales pitches and docs.  My goal for TWIST was to not only make those chips scale better, but to make it scale better on already deployed products which don't have those chips.  The reason for that desire is again to simply increase the probability of relays existing as much as possible, because I think that is a goal we should strive for.

"Cheap" is obviously a subjective concept, and for your company certainly pricing is different that for others.  For cases where people's PC's are being used as the TURN relays (ie, for p2p apps or models) it may even seem free to you.  I am not arguing against that, though there is an argument against it.  What I am referring to is "cheapness" in hardware.  Whether you agree with that or not should not actually matter to you, I think, because I am NOT proposing TWIST to replace TURN, and the market has a darn good way of figuring it out for us. :)  I am in a sense arguing to let the market do that.  I find the IETF is absolutely atrocious at trying to mandate market forces.  I'm not claiming to be any better at it, fwiw.


> Architecturally, I find the mechansism is an odd hybrid between VPN
> (layer 3 relay) and transport (layer 4 relay). TURN is very much a
> transport layer relay and therefore IMHO a cleaner solution.

TURN is NOT a pure "transport layer relay", imho.  Not when it terminates TCP on one side and creates UDP on the other (for TURN-udp), or both sides (for TURN-tcp).  It is a hybrid of an application-layer relay, if anything.  It is muxing a control channel (STUN) and application channel inside a transport.  It is effectively creating a relay for a layer between app and transport.


> The draft also claims its simpler by only allowing one remote peer per
> allocation. This capability in TURN is not a bug, its a feature. It is
> there to make TURN work with SIPs forking feature. If you remove this
> capability in TWIST then TWIST will not work with SIP.

I don't dispute this.  I indicate right in the TWIST draft muxing of relayed streams is possible with TWIST, just not defined in this first draft.  I think this muxing need is a unique property of SIP, but you're not proposing TURN be a SIP-specific-use relay mechanism anymore.  I left it as a TBD for TWIST, if we think it's important.

Your other comments I'll respond to separately, as they're in a different vein methinks.

-hadriel
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From behave-bounces@ietf.org  Wed Apr  2 19:22:26 2008
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Subject: [BEHAVE] ALTERNATE-SERVER and anycast
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At the last BEHAVE meeting, it was suggested that one use of ALTERNATE- 
SERVER was to support anycast discovery of TURN servers. I have been  
doing some inquiries, and it seems that there might be a problem with  
this idea.

The way I had been thinking this would work is that a client would  
send an Allocate request to an anycast address, and would receive an  
error response back with an error code of 300 Try Alternative and an  
ALTERNATE-SERVER attribute giving the unicast address of the server to  
contact.

The problem is that it seems there is no guarantee that two  
consecutive packets will be delivered to the same anycast server. The  
only thing that is guaranteed is a single round-trip exchange[1]. This  
means that the above idea does not work because:
a) It is not possible to contact an anycast TURN server using TCP or  
TLS over TCP, since the handshake will not necessarily complete with  
the same server.
b) It is also not possible to contact an anycast TURN server using  
UDP, since STUN says that an ALTERNATE-SERVER reply must be  
authenticated, and authentication in TURN requires a 4-packet exchange.

So this straight-forward method of doing anycast lookup in TURN does  
not seem to work.

There are probably ways to fix this by changing how ALTENATE-SERVER  
works in TURN, but I am currently inclined to forget about anycast for  
TURN right now, and let someone add it later.

Comments?

- Philip

[1] Private info received from David Oran. I have asked for a public  
reference.

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With regards to the comments below, I have a general response: the TWIST draft is a straw-man.  It is not a fully defined draft.  It said that right in the abstract ("This document is a straw-man proposal, to stimulate discussion, not a fully defined draft"), but I realize I should have repeated that again (multiple times).

Some similar comments were made by others in other emails on this list, though you added some new ones as well, and I will attempt to resolve them in a revision.  Thank you for reviewing it and providing them, and I apologize for not having them covered already and for raising things you have already hashed out in the past.  I tried to grep through previous TURN-related emails on this list's archive, but quickly realized I would not be able to do so in reasonable human lifetime, and I did not see rationales in the current turn drafts for such decisions.

-hadriel


> -----Original Message-----
> From: behave-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:behave-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf
> Of Jonathan Rosenberg
>
> The transport mode in the draft appears to be broken; there is no way
> for a client to listen on a socket and then send a packet to a
> particular remote peer. The inner UDP packet only specifies the remote
> peer's destination port and not the destination IP. This is necessary
> for ICE to function. Therefore I do not believe transport mode works
> with ICE.
>
> The latching behavior for listen connections is also broken. This used
> to be in TURN too - and was called lockdown. AN attacker can send a
> faked UDP packet with no credentials and cause the legitimate peer to be
> blocked. We discarded this approach years ago for this reason.
>
> I believe the demultiplexing is broken. The draft says that, after an
> allocation is done, STUN and app data are demuxed by sending STUN within
> the native encapsulation, but using the default TWIST port. This is
> broken for two reasons. Firstly, it doesn't work if you want to
> communicate with the peer on its twist port. Second and more
> importantly, there can still be retransmissions of the original
> UNENCAPSULATED stun packets. This means the relay needs to demux STUN
> and UDP, which cannot be reliably done.
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From behave-bounces@ietf.org  Wed Apr  2 20:36:44 2008
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From: Hadriel Kaplan <HKaplan@acmepacket.com>
To: Philip Matthews <philip_matthews@magma.ca>, Behave WG <behave@ietf.org>
Date: Wed, 2 Apr 2008 23:34:43 -0400
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I am in still in favor of it, specifically for anycast support.

Can you describe the cases it won't be delivered to the same instance that you've been told of?  In my experience (which was many years in the L3 routing world, fwiw, but nowhere near as much as either of the Dave's left pinkies), anycasting fails to deliver a packet to the same server "instance" for one of two reasons I can think of off the top of my head:
        1) The network topology changes, for example the routing cost to an instance's prefix changes, or an L3 protection mechanism kicked in and temporarily selected a higher-cost path, or whatever.
        2) A router or some middle-box is doing some form of load-balancing.

For (1), it is either a transient rare event (from our use-case timescale perspective) which stabilizes, which won't matter for this use-case; or it is due to a route flap event, and route flaps take enough time to flap again, in 99% of the cases, that for this use-case timescale it won't matter.  Just as long as the mechanism is resilient to the event occurring once in its full handshake - in other words, so long as the second-trip can fail to reach the same server instance but that just triggers another round-trip restart, then (1) isn't an issue for a massive probability.  I think that is the case for ALT-SERVER use, right?  That it survives such a thing happening gracefully?

For (2), all such modern equipment I know of performs hashing or some form of keeping the same "flows" going to the same specific L3 next-hops, and do so using at least IP-dest in their decision, or IP-dest+source, or more, such that any flows to the same anycast dest address will get to the same instance virtually all of the time.  Having said that, there have been some (rather infamous) cases of ECMP or L3 load-balancing in routers which did NOT follow that model, and forwarded packets in a round-robin fashion, but I was under the impression they got "called-out" and all their hardware has since been upgraded to fix it years ago.  And when I say "anycast", I mean an IPv4 unicast address/prefix that happens to be a virtual shared address for multiple hosts, and advertised into the routing topology from multiple physical locations - I do not mean IPv6 true anycasting, and I have no idea what the modern equipment does for that or if it matters. (I've been out of routing for several years)

Regardless, I think all we need is a graceful way for the client to detect a pathological condition, should the worst happen. (ie, a way for it to give up re-tries and use an alternate server altogether)  No?

-hadriel

> -----Original Message-----
> From: behave-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:behave-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf
> Of Philip Matthews
> Sent: Wednesday, April 02, 2008 10:22 PM
> To: Behave WG
> Cc: Mark Townsley; David R Oran; David Ward
> Subject: [BEHAVE] ALTERNATE-SERVER and anycast
>
> At the last BEHAVE meeting, it was suggested that one use of ALTERNATE-
> SERVER was to support anycast discovery of TURN servers. I have been
> doing some inquiries, and it seems that there might be a problem with
> this idea.
>
> The way I had been thinking this would work is that a client would
> send an Allocate request to an anycast address, and would receive an
> error response back with an error code of 300 Try Alternative and an
> ALTERNATE-SERVER attribute giving the unicast address of the server to
> contact.
>
> The problem is that it seems there is no guarantee that two
> consecutive packets will be delivered to the same anycast server. The
> only thing that is guaranteed is a single round-trip exchange[1]. This
> means that the above idea does not work because:
> a) It is not possible to contact an anycast TURN server using TCP or
> TLS over TCP, since the handshake will not necessarily complete with
> the same server.
> b) It is also not possible to contact an anycast TURN server using
> UDP, since STUN says that an ALTERNATE-SERVER reply must be
> authenticated, and authentication in TURN requires a 4-packet exchange.
>
> So this straight-forward method of doing anycast lookup in TURN does
> not seem to work.
>
> There are probably ways to fix this by changing how ALTENATE-SERVER
> works in TURN, but I am currently inclined to forget about anycast for
> TURN right now, and let someone add it later.
>
> Comments?
>
> - Philip
>
> [1] Private info received from David Oran. I have asked for a public
> reference.
>
> _______________________________________________
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> Behave@ietf.org
> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/behave
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Le Wednesday 02 April 2008 18:18:29 ext Hadriel Kaplan, vous avez =E9crit=
=A0:
> I *never* said I don't care if TWIST is implementable in a client.  I said
> I don't care *how* it works in a client - i.e., I don't personally care
> about the implementation details of shims vs. stacks vs. whatever.  I most
> certainly *do* care that clients be able to implement it, and obviously t=
he
> more easily/simpler the better.

I understand.

But I am concerned that TWIST would become to TURN, what IPsec has become t=
o =

TLS. Both are "implementable" and provide the same feature (relaying resp. =

authentication+confidentiality). But one is difficult for software vendors =
to =

integrate due to not stacking up nicely with the existing APIs, while the =

other one is easy.

Guess which one is being used...

I think we need to make a tradeoff, or better yet, try to make the protocol =

simple and scalable on both sides. That's one of the reason I like the N:N =

idea for TCP relaying.

-- =

R=E9mi Denis-Courmont
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Le Wednesday 02 April 2008 20:26:47 ext Hadriel Kaplan, vous avez =E9crit=
=A0:
> > -----Original Message-----
> > From: Philip Matthews [mailto:philip_matthews@magma.ca]
> > Sent: Wednesday, April 02, 2008 11:26 AM
> >
> > Regarding finishing TURN. Indeed, TURN has been very unstable for a
> > long time, so it has not been a very good candidate for stable trial
> > implementations. However, the authors are working hard to try to
> > finish TURN as fast as possible, since it is the last piece holding
> > back ICE from publication as an RFC.
>
> Whoah.  Why is draft-ietf-behave-turn delaying ICE???  I mean I see it in
> the normative section, and I see it riddled throughout the ICE doc.  Hmm. =

> Too bad ICE wasn't written to describe just using a relayed address gotten
> through some relay means, a possible one being TURN, and leave it at that.
> :(

I had been complaining about this a while ago.

The answer was that there needs to be at least one normative relay protocol =

for the "relay" candidates to make sense (not_ that I was convinced by this =

argument).

-- =

R=E9mi Denis-Courmont
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Le Thursday 03 April 2008 00:27:12 ext Marc Petit-Huguenin, vous avez =E9cr=
it=A0:
> I think that I found a contradiction between turn-07 and turn-ipv6-04:
>
> In turn-07 section 6.2, "When allocating a relayed transport address for
> the allocation, the server MUST allocate an IP address of the same
> family (e.g, IPv4 vs. IPv6) as the server's transport address."
>
> In turn-ipv6 section 5.1, "If the REQUESTED-ADDRESS-TYPE attribute is
> absent, the server MUST allocate a IPv4 transport address to the TURN
> client."
>
> My understanding before trying to implement turn-07 was that TURN
> without turn-ipv6 always allocates an IPv4 relayed transport address -
> in other words that a REQUESTED-ADDRESS-TYPE with a family value equals
> to 0x01 is equivalent to no REQUESTED-ADDRESS-TYPE.
>
> Who's right?

IMHO, I think TURN-07 is wrong and TURN-IPv6 is right.

The relay cannot know if there was a protocol translator in the middle, so =

that would be the only way to obtain sane defaults.

So either the client must always explicitly specify the address family, or =
the =

default should be independent of the relay-reflexive address of the client.

My 2 yens (almost 2 cents, right)

-- =

R=E9mi Denis-Courmont
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To: =?iso-8859-1?Q?R=E9mi_Denis-Courmont?= <remi.denis-courmont@nokia.com>
Date: Thu, 3 Apr 2008 00:58:57 -0400
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> -----Original Message-----
> From: R=E9mi Denis-Courmont [mailto:remi.denis-courmont@nokia.com]
>
> But I am concerned that TWIST would become to TURN, what IPsec has become
> to
> TLS. Both are "implementable" and provide the same feature (relaying resp.
> authentication+confidentiality). But one is difficult for software vendors
> to
> integrate due to not stacking up nicely with the existing APIs, while the
> other one is easy.
>
> Guess which one is being used...

Ummm... BOTH!?!  They have different market use cases, and both are WILDLY =
successful.  Are you claiming IPSEC is not???  (and we're talking here VPN =
technologies I assume, not HTTP/application protection technologies, for wh=
ich IPSEC does not even apply usually)

As an aside, do you ever wonder why 3GPP is so fixated on IPSEC as its favo=
rite encryption mechanism, even for SIP?  Hint: It's not because they don't=
 know about TLS, or think it's easy for the client, afaik.

-hadriel
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Le Thursday 03 April 2008 07:58:57 ext Hadriel Kaplan, vous avez =E9crit=A0:
> As an aside, do you ever wonder why 3GPP is so fixated on IPSEC as its
> favorite encryption mechanism, even for SIP?  Hint: It's not because they
> don't know about TLS, or think it's easy for the client, afaik.

Because they hold for a fact that TCP does not scale, so they have to use U=
DP, =

so no TLS.

-- =

R=E9mi Denis-Courmont
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> -----Original Message-----
> From: R=E9mi Denis-Courmont [mailto:remi.denis-courmont@nokia.com]
>
> Le Thursday 03 April 2008 07:58:57 ext Hadriel Kaplan, vous avez =E9crit :
> > As an aside, do you ever wonder why 3GPP is so fixated on IPSEC as its
> > favorite encryption mechanism, even for SIP?  Hint: It's not because
> they
> > don't know about TLS, or think it's easy for the client, afaik.
>
> Because they hold for a fact that TCP does not scale, so they have to use
> UDP,
> so no TLS.

Yup.

-hadriel
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Marc Petit-Huguenin wrote:


[snip]

> P=E5l-Erik Martinsen wrote:
>   =

>>
>> I have not given up!
>> Just finished a TURN-07 client implementation.
>>
>> I have not implemented the REQUESTED-PROPS attribute. Further down the
>> road ICE will need explicit rtcp-port signalling in the SDP anyway.
>>     =

>
> Isn't what RFC 3605 do?
>
>   =

Yes, you are right.  So to be more precise; I did not consider
supporting a call from my endpoint through a TURN relay to an endpoint
on a public IP not supporting RFC3605 as something I need to support in
my first release. If it turn out otherwise I will add it.

.-.
P=E5l-Erik
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On Apr 2, 2008, at 7:22 PM, Philip Matthews wrote:
> At the last BEHAVE meeting, it was suggested that one use of  
> ALTERNATE-
> SERVER was to support anycast discovery of TURN servers. I have been
> doing some inquiries, and it seems that there might be a problem with
> this idea.
>
> The way I had been thinking this would work is that a client would
> send an Allocate request to an anycast address, and would receive an
> error response back with an error code of 300 Try Alternative and an
> ALTERNATE-SERVER attribute giving the unicast address of the server to
> contact.
>
> The problem is that it seems there is no guarantee that two
> consecutive packets will be delivered to the same anycast server. The
> only thing that is guaranteed is a single round-trip exchange[1]. This
> means that the above idea does not work because:
> a) It is not possible to contact an anycast TURN server using TCP or
> TLS over TCP, since the handshake will not necessarily complete with
> the same server.
> b) It is also not possible to contact an anycast TURN server using
> UDP, since STUN says that an ALTERNATE-SERVER reply must be
> authenticated, and authentication in TURN requires a 4-packet  
> exchange.
>
> So this straight-forward method of doing anycast lookup in TURN does
> not seem to work.
>
> There are probably ways to fix this by changing how ALTENATE-SERVER
> works in TURN, but I am currently inclined to forget about anycast for
> TURN right now, and let someone add it later.
>
> Comments?
>
Sure, what you are proposing here won't work for the reasons you point  
out. I don't know when the WG decided the ALTERNATIVE-ERVER reply MUST  
be authenticated but that seems like it is not going to work for  
anycast. There are more than a few things wrong with this - for one I  
suspect the authentication you are talking about is for the server to  
authenticate the client not for the client to authenticate the server.  
As an alternative you might want to consider is something like what I  
had previously email you - I'm sure lots of other ways would work too  
and I don't really care which way we do it. No doubt the thing I  
emailed has some issues that would need to be worked out but I think  
it is closer to working.

On Apr 2, 2008, at 3:41 PM, Cullen Jennings wrote:
>
>
> 1) client is configured with TURN server of turn.example.com
>
> 2) client does an SRV lookup and finds there is no TCP service but  
> there is a UDP service at 1.1.1.1
>
> 3) client sends an UDP packet to 1.1.1.1 which happens to be an  
> anycast IP.
>
> 4) Some server gets this and responds with a redirect to 2.2.2.2  
> along with info to use TLS. The address 2.2.2.2 is not an anycast  
> address but goes to a single machine with a TURN server
>
> 5) client does TLS to 2.2.2.2. Server presents certificate with name  
> turn.example.com
>
> 6) client check certificate matches the name that it has in it's  
> config.
>
> This approach is susceptible to being DOSed by a well timed response  
> to the UDP request to 1.1.1.1 but seemed like a risk we were willing  
> to live with. Presumably some secret material would be copied from  
> request in step 3 to the response in step 4 to force the attacker to  
> be on-path.


If the client doesn't care about server authentication, then it can  
ignore TLS and do much the same with just UDP.

It's going to be very difficult to add something like this in later so  
I would argue we should deal with having at least enough placeholders  
in the base draft that we can add it later - to do this we will likely  
need to figure it out well enough that we should just add it to the  
base draft instead of trying to do it as an extension.

Cullen <with my individual contributor hat on>



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From behave-bounces@ietf.org  Thu Apr  3 06:21:29 2008
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From: Philip Matthews <philip_matthews@magma.ca>
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Subject: Re: [BEHAVE] ALTERNATE-SERVER and anycast
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I am still trying to dig into the reasons the experts think that multi- 
packet exchanges won't work. My initial reaction is exactly the same  
as yours.

However, I also wondering how keen people are to have anycast support  
in TURN? I have heard that there is a draft in preparation that will  
discuss anycast discovery of servers, but it won't be out for a month  
or so, and after that there will presumably be some debate on the  
details. So this may turn out to be an area where there is not yet  
IETF consensus. If this is the case, are people willing to delay the  
TURN draft while we sort out the anycast details?

- Philip

On Wed, 2-Apr-08, at 23:34 , Hadriel Kaplan wrote:
>
> I am in still in favor of it, specifically for anycast support.
>
> Can you describe the cases it won't be delivered to the same  
> instance that you've been told of?  In my experience (which was many  
> years in the L3 routing world, fwiw, but nowhere near as much as  
> either of the Dave's left pinkies), anycasting fails to deliver a  
> packet to the same server "instance" for one of two reasons I can  
> think of off the top of my head:
>        1) The network topology changes, for example the routing cost  
> to an instance's prefix changes, or an L3 protection mechanism  
> kicked in and temporarily selected a higher-cost path, or whatever.
>        2) A router or some middle-box is doing some form of load- 
> balancing.
>
> For (1), it is either a transient rare event (from our use-case  
> timescale perspective) which stabilizes, which won't matter for this  
> use-case; or it is due to a route flap event, and route flaps take  
> enough time to flap again, in 99% of the cases, that for this use- 
> case timescale it won't matter.  Just as long as the mechanism is  
> resilient to the event occurring once in its full handshake - in  
> other words, so long as the second-trip can fail to reach the same  
> server instance but that just triggers another round-trip restart,  
> then (1) isn't an issue for a massive probability.  I think that is  
> the case for ALT-SERVER use, right?  That it survives such a thing  
> happening gracefully?
>
> For (2), all such modern equipment I know of performs hashing or  
> some form of keeping the same "flows" going to the same specific L3  
> next-hops, and do so using at least IP-dest in their decision, or IP- 
> dest+source, or more, such that any flows to the same anycast dest  
> address will get to the same instance virtually all of the time.   
> Having said that, there have been some (rather infamous) cases of  
> ECMP or L3 load-balancing in routers which did NOT follow that  
> model, and forwarded packets in a round-robin fashion, but I was  
> under the impression they got "called-out" and all their hardware  
> has since been upgraded to fix it years ago.  And when I say  
> "anycast", I mean an IPv4 unicast address/prefix that happens to be  
> a virtual shared address for multiple hosts, and advertised into the  
> routing topology from multiple physical locations - I do not mean  
> IPv6 true anycasting, and I have no idea what the modern equipment  
> does for that or if it matters. (I've been out of routing for  
> several years)
>
> Regardless, I think all we need is a graceful way for the client to  
> detect a pathological condition, should the worst happen. (ie, a way  
> for it to give up re-tries and use an alternate server altogether)   
> No?
>
> -hadriel
>
>> -----Original Message-----
>> From: behave-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:behave-bounces@ietf.org] On  
>> Behalf
>> Of Philip Matthews
>> Sent: Wednesday, April 02, 2008 10:22 PM
>> To: Behave WG
>> Cc: Mark Townsley; David R Oran; David Ward
>> Subject: [BEHAVE] ALTERNATE-SERVER and anycast
>>
>> At the last BEHAVE meeting, it was suggested that one use of  
>> ALTERNATE-
>> SERVER was to support anycast discovery of TURN servers. I have been
>> doing some inquiries, and it seems that there might be a problem with
>> this idea.
>>
>> The way I had been thinking this would work is that a client would
>> send an Allocate request to an anycast address, and would receive an
>> error response back with an error code of 300 Try Alternative and an
>> ALTERNATE-SERVER attribute giving the unicast address of the server  
>> to
>> contact.
>>
>> The problem is that it seems there is no guarantee that two
>> consecutive packets will be delivered to the same anycast server. The
>> only thing that is guaranteed is a single round-trip exchange[1].  
>> This
>> means that the above idea does not work because:
>> a) It is not possible to contact an anycast TURN server using TCP or
>> TLS over TCP, since the handshake will not necessarily complete with
>> the same server.
>> b) It is also not possible to contact an anycast TURN server using
>> UDP, since STUN says that an ALTERNATE-SERVER reply must be
>> authenticated, and authentication in TURN requires a 4-packet  
>> exchange.
>>
>> So this straight-forward method of doing anycast lookup in TURN does
>> not seem to work.
>>
>> There are probably ways to fix this by changing how ALTENATE-SERVER
>> works in TURN, but I am currently inclined to forget about anycast  
>> for
>> TURN right now, and let someone add it later.
>>
>> Comments?
>>
>> - Philip
>>
>> [1] Private info received from David Oran. I have asked for a public
>> reference.
>>
>> _______________________________________________
>> Behave mailing list
>> Behave@ietf.org
>> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/behave
>

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Subject: Re: [BEHAVE] ALTERNATE-SERVER and anycast
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On Thu, 3-Apr-08, at 06:54 , Cullen Jennings wrote:
>
> On Apr 2, 2008, at 7:22 PM, Philip Matthews wrote:
>> At the last BEHAVE meeting, it was suggested that one use of  
>> ALTERNATE-
>> SERVER was to support anycast discovery of TURN servers. I have been
>> doing some inquiries, and it seems that there might be a problem with
>> this idea.
>>
>> The way I had been thinking this would work is that a client would
>> send an Allocate request to an anycast address, and would receive an
>> error response back with an error code of 300 Try Alternative and an
>> ALTERNATE-SERVER attribute giving the unicast address of the server  
>> to
>> contact.
>>
>> The problem is that it seems there is no guarantee that two
>> consecutive packets will be delivered to the same anycast server. The
>> only thing that is guaranteed is a single round-trip exchange[1].  
>> This
>> means that the above idea does not work because:
>> a) It is not possible to contact an anycast TURN server using TCP or
>> TLS over TCP, since the handshake will not necessarily complete with
>> the same server.
>> b) It is also not possible to contact an anycast TURN server using
>> UDP, since STUN says that an ALTERNATE-SERVER reply must be
>> authenticated, and authentication in TURN requires a 4-packet  
>> exchange.
>>
>> So this straight-forward method of doing anycast lookup in TURN does
>> not seem to work.
>>
>> There are probably ways to fix this by changing how ALTENATE-SERVER
>> works in TURN, but I am currently inclined to forget about anycast  
>> for
>> TURN right now, and let someone add it later.
>>
>> Comments?
>>
> Sure, what you are proposing here won't work for the reasons you  
> point out. I don't know when the WG decided the ALTERNATIVE-ERVER  
> reply MUST be authenticated but that seems like it is not going to  
> work for anycast.

Sorry. I should have provided a reference. draft-ietf- 
behave-3489bis-15, section 11 says:

11.  ALTERNATE-SERVER Mechanism

    This section describes a mechanism in STUN that allows a server to
    redirect a client to another server.  This extension is optional,  
and
    a usage must define if and when this extension is used.  To prevent
    denial-of-service attacks, this extension MUST only be used in
    situations where the client and server are using an authentication
    and message-integrity mechanism.

    A server using this extension redirects a client to another server  
by
    replying to a request message with an error response message with an
    error code of 300 (Try Alternate).  The server MUST include a
    ALTERNATE-SERVER attribute in the error response.  The error  
response
    message MUST be authenticated, which in practice means the request
    message must have passed the authentication checks.

    [Rest of section omitted]

> There are more than a few things wrong with this - for one I suspect  
> the authentication you are talking about is for the server to  
> authenticate the client not for the client to authenticate the  
> server. As an alternative you might want to consider is something  
> like what I had previously email you - I'm sure lots of other ways  
> would work too and I don't really care which way we do it. No doubt  
> the thing I emailed has some issues that would need to be worked out  
> but I think it is closer to working.
>
> On Apr 2, 2008, at 3:41 PM, Cullen Jennings wrote:
>>
>>
>> 1) client is configured with TURN server of turn.example.com
>>
>> 2) client does an SRV lookup and finds there is no TCP service but  
>> there is a UDP service at 1.1.1.1
>>
>> 3) client sends an UDP packet to 1.1.1.1 which happens to be an  
>> anycast IP.
>>
>> 4) Some server gets this and responds with a redirect to 2.2.2.2  
>> along with info to use TLS. The address 2.2.2.2 is not an anycast  
>> address but goes to a single machine with a TURN server
>>
>> 5) client does TLS to 2.2.2.2. Server presents certificate with  
>> name turn.example.com
>>
>> 6) client check certificate matches the name that it has in it's  
>> config.
>>
>> This approach is susceptible to being DOSed by a well timed  
>> response to the UDP request to 1.1.1.1 but seemed like a risk we  
>> were willing to live with. Presumably some secret material would be  
>> copied from request in step 3 to the response in step 4 to force  
>> the attacker to be on-path.
>
>
> If the client doesn't care about server authentication, then it can  
> ignore TLS and do much the same with just UDP.
>
> It's going to be very difficult to add something like this in later  
> so I would argue we should deal with having at least enough  
> placeholders in the base draft that we can add it later - to do this  
> we will likely need to figure it out well enough that we should just  
> add it to the base draft instead of trying to do it as an extension.
>
> Cullen <with my individual contributor hat on>

This works if the client can contact the server using both UDP and  
TCP. As you know, we are separately discussing the case of a client  
that can only contact TURN servers using TCP -- this is the proposed  
justification for TCP transport for a UDP allocation. If we decide to  
keep TCP transport for a UDP allocation (and right now, I am seeing  
more support for keeping it than dropping it -- but we will discuss  
this next week on the conf call), then I have a problem with something  
like this as the proposed anycast solution.

I will note that there are a couple of ways to achieve something very  
similar to this without using anycast. The first option is that  
1.1.1.1 is not an anycast address, but is a unicast address of a TURN  
server that doesn't actually accept allocations, but always redirects  
clients to other servers (using ALTERNATE-SERVER). The second is to  
use DNS to direct the client to a closer or otherwise appropriate  
server.

- Philip


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From: Cullen Jennings <fluffy@cisco.com>
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Subject: Re: [BEHAVE] ALTERNATE-SERVER and anycast
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On Apr 3, 2008, at 6:43 AM, Philip Matthews wrote:
>
> On Thu, 3-Apr-08, at 06:54 , Cullen Jennings wrote:
> >
> > On Apr 2, 2008, at 7:22 PM, Philip Matthews wrote:
> >> At the last BEHAVE meeting, it was suggested that one use of
> >> ALTERNATE-
> >> SERVER was to support anycast discovery of TURN servers. I have  
> been
> >> doing some inquiries, and it seems that there might be a problem  
> with
> >> this idea.
> >>
> >> The way I had been thinking this would work is that a client would
> >> send an Allocate request to an anycast address, and would receive  
> an
> >> error response back with an error code of 300 Try Alternative and  
> an
> >> ALTERNATE-SERVER attribute giving the unicast address of the server
> >> to
> >> contact.
> >>
> >> The problem is that it seems there is no guarantee that two
> >> consecutive packets will be delivered to the same anycast server.  
> The
> >> only thing that is guaranteed is a single round-trip exchange[1].
> >> This
> >> means that the above idea does not work because:
> >> a) It is not possible to contact an anycast TURN server using TCP  
> or
> >> TLS over TCP, since the handshake will not necessarily complete  
> with
> >> the same server.
> >> b) It is also not possible to contact an anycast TURN server using
> >> UDP, since STUN says that an ALTERNATE-SERVER reply must be
> >> authenticated, and authentication in TURN requires a 4-packet
> >> exchange.
> >>
> >> So this straight-forward method of doing anycast lookup in TURN  
> does
> >> not seem to work.
> >>
> >> There are probably ways to fix this by changing how ALTENATE-SERVER
> >> works in TURN, but I am currently inclined to forget about anycast
> >> for
> >> TURN right now, and let someone add it later.
> >>
> >> Comments?
> >>
> > Sure, what you are proposing here won't work for the reasons you
> > point out. I don't know when the WG decided the ALTERNATIVE-ERVER
> > reply MUST be authenticated but that seems like it is not going to
> > work for anycast.
>
> Sorry. I should have provided a reference. draft-ietf-
> behave-3489bis-15, section 11 says:
>
> 11.  ALTERNATE-SERVER Mechanism
>
>     This section describes a mechanism in STUN that allows a server to
>     redirect a client to another server.  This extension is optional,
> and
>     a usage must define if and when this extension is used.  To  
> prevent
>     denial-of-service attacks, this extension MUST only be used in
>     situations where the client and server are using an authentication
>     and message-integrity mechanism.
>
>     A server using this extension redirects a client to another server
> by
>     replying to a request message with an error response message  
> with an
>     error code of 300 (Try Alternate).  The server MUST include a
>     ALTERNATE-SERVER attribute in the error response.  The error
> response
>     message MUST be authenticated, which in practice means the request
>     message must have passed the authentication checks.
>
>     [Rest of section omitted]
>
>

right - thanks

> > There are more than a few things wrong with this - for one I suspect
> > the authentication you are talking about is for the server to
> > authenticate the client not for the client to authenticate the
> > server. As an alternative you might want to consider is something
> > like what I had previously email you - I'm sure lots of other ways
> > would work too and I don't really care which way we do it. No doubt
> > the thing I emailed has some issues that would need to be worked out
> > but I think it is closer to working.
> >
> > On Apr 2, 2008, at 3:41 PM, Cullen Jennings wrote:
> >>
> >>
> >> 1) client is configured with TURN server of turn.example.com
> >>
> >> 2) client does an SRV lookup and finds there is no TCP service but
> >> there is a UDP service at 1.1.1.1
> >>
> >> 3) client sends an UDP packet to 1.1.1.1 which happens to be an
> >> anycast IP.
> >>
> >> 4) Some server gets this and responds with a redirect to 2.2.2.2
> >> along with info to use TLS. The address 2.2.2.2 is not an anycast
> >> address but goes to a single machine with a TURN server
> >>
> >> 5) client does TLS to 2.2.2.2. Server presents certificate with
> >> name turn.example.com
> >>
> >> 6) client check certificate matches the name that it has in it's
> >> config.
> >>
> >> This approach is susceptible to being DOSed by a well timed
> >> response to the UDP request to 1.1.1.1 but seemed like a risk we
> >> were willing to live with. Presumably some secret material would be
> >> copied from request in step 3 to the response in step 4 to force
> >> the attacker to be on-path.
> >
> >
> > If the client doesn't care about server authentication, then it can
> > ignore TLS and do much the same with just UDP.
> >
> > It's going to be very difficult to add something like this in later
> > so I would argue we should deal with having at least enough
> > placeholders in the base draft that we can add it later - to do this
> > we will likely need to figure it out well enough that we should just
> > add it to the base draft instead of trying to do it as an extension.
> >
> > Cullen <with my individual contributor hat on>
>
> This works if the client can contact the server using both UDP and
> TCP. As you know, we are separately discussing the case of a client
> that can only contact TURN servers using TCP -- this is the proposed
> justification for TCP transport for a UDP allocation. If we decide to
> keep TCP transport for a UDP allocation (and right now, I am seeing
> more support for keeping it than dropping it -- but we will discuss
> this next week on the conf call), then I have a problem with something
> like this as the proposed anycast solution.
>
> I will note that there are a couple of ways to achieve something very
> similar to this without using anycast. The first option is that
> 1.1.1.1 is not an anycast address, but is a unicast address of a TURN
> server that doesn't actually accept allocations, but always redirects
> clients to other servers (using ALTERNATE-SERVER). The second is to
> use DNS to direct the client to a closer or otherwise appropriate
> server.
>
The point of the anycast is not to just spread stuff over multiple  
servers - a DNS A record could do that. The point is to solve in some  
way the "close" problem where the client ends up using a TURN server  
that is topologically close to the client. Anycast is a one appealing  
way to address that. What you are proposing does not seem to address  
the issues of getting to a TURN server that is topologically close to  
the client.
>
>
> - Philip
>
>

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From: Cullen Jennings <fluffy@cisco.com>
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Subject: Re: [BEHAVE] ALTERNATE-SERVER and anycast
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On Apr 3, 2008, at 6:21 AM, Philip Matthews wrote:
> However, I also wondering how keen people are to have anycast support
> in TURN?

I have not gone back and listened to the meeting recording from last  
ietf meeting but my vague recollection was the room wanted to keep  
ALTERNATVE-SERVER in to support anycast. At this point I think it will  
just be faster to go do it than argue about if we really want it or not.

Cullen <with my individual contributor hat on>


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Subject: Re: [BEHAVE] ALTERNATE-SERVER and anycast
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At Thu, 3 Apr 2008 09:21:23 -0400,
Philip Matthews wrote:
> 
> I am still trying to dig into the reasons the experts think that multi- 
> packet exchanges won't work. My initial reaction is exactly the same  
> as yours.

There's nothing complicated here:
The Internet routing system does not guarantee that two packets
sent to the same anycast address from the same source address
will be delivered to the same destination. To the extent to which
it's currently the case that that usually happens, that's an
artifact of today's routing systems. It's bad practice to design
new systems such that they depend on this behavior, because we
may wish to change it in the future.

-Ekr

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Date: Thu, 03 Apr 2008 07:33:38 -0700
From: Eric Rescorla <ekr@networkresonance.com>
To: Philip Matthews <philip_matthews@magma.ca>
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Subject: Re: [BEHAVE] ALTERNATE-SERVER and anycast
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At Thu, 3 Apr 2008 09:43:09 -0400,
Philip Matthews wrote:
> 
> 
> On Thu, 3-Apr-08, at 06:54 , Cullen Jennings wrote:
> >
> > On Apr 2, 2008, at 7:22 PM, Philip Matthews wrote:
> >> At the last BEHAVE meeting, it was suggested that one use of  
> >> ALTERNATE-
> >> SERVER was to support anycast discovery of TURN servers. I have been
> >> doing some inquiries, and it seems that there might be a problem with
> >> this idea.
> >>
> >> The way I had been thinking this would work is that a client would
> >> send an Allocate request to an anycast address, and would receive an
> >> error response back with an error code of 300 Try Alternative and an
> >> ALTERNATE-SERVER attribute giving the unicast address of the server  
> >> to
> >> contact.
> >>
> >> The problem is that it seems there is no guarantee that two
> >> consecutive packets will be delivered to the same anycast server. The
> >> only thing that is guaranteed is a single round-trip exchange[1].  
> >> This
> >> means that the above idea does not work because:
> >> a) It is not possible to contact an anycast TURN server using TCP or
> >> TLS over TCP, since the handshake will not necessarily complete with
> >> the same server.
> >> b) It is also not possible to contact an anycast TURN server using
> >> UDP, since STUN says that an ALTERNATE-SERVER reply must be
> >> authenticated, and authentication in TURN requires a 4-packet  
> >> exchange.
> >>
> >> So this straight-forward method of doing anycast lookup in TURN does
> >> not seem to work.
> >>
> >> There are probably ways to fix this by changing how ALTENATE-SERVER
> >> works in TURN, but I am currently inclined to forget about anycast  
> >> for
> >> TURN right now, and let someone add it later.
> >>
> >> Comments?
> >>
> > Sure, what you are proposing here won't work for the reasons you  
> > point out. I don't know when the WG decided the ALTERNATIVE-ERVER  
> > reply MUST be authenticated but that seems like it is not going to  
> > work for anycast.
> 
> Sorry. I should have provided a reference. draft-ietf- 
> behave-3489bis-15, section 11 says:
> 
> 11.  ALTERNATE-SERVER Mechanism
> 
>     This section describes a mechanism in STUN that allows a server to
>     redirect a client to another server.  This extension is optional,  
> and
>     a usage must define if and when this extension is used.  To prevent
>     denial-of-service attacks, this extension MUST only be used in
>     situations where the client and server are using an authentication
>     and message-integrity mechanism.
> 
>     A server using this extension redirects a client to another server  
> by
>     replying to a request message with an error response message with an
>     error code of 300 (Try Alternate).  The server MUST include a
>     ALTERNATE-SERVER attribute in the error response.  The error  
> response
>     message MUST be authenticated, which in practice means the request
>     message must have passed the authentication checks.

Yeah, but this doesn't contain the actual security requirement,
which is that the client be able to get data origin authentication
from the server. That does not require anti-replay for the client
request but only for the server response. I.e., it does not require
a challenge from the server.

-Ekr
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From: Hadriel Kaplan <HKaplan@acmepacket.com>
To: Eric Rescorla <ekr@networkresonance.com>, Philip Matthews
	<philip_matthews@magma.ca>
Date: Thu, 3 Apr 2008 11:26:55 -0400
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Subject: Re: [BEHAVE] ALTERNATE-SERVER and anycast
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> -----Original Message-----
> From: behave-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:behave-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf
> Of Eric Rescorla
>
> Yeah, but this doesn't contain the actual security requirement,
> which is that the client be able to get data origin authentication
> from the server. That does not require anti-replay for the client
> request but only for the server response. I.e., it does not require
> a challenge from the server.

Yeah that section confused me.  It said "to prevent denial of service attacks", and I wasn't sure if it meant (a) to prevent a malicious device from spoofing a client, in the hopes of getting the server to send responses to that legitimate client(s); or (b) if it meant to prevent a malicious device from spoofing a server and redirecting clients to bogus addresses.

For (a), I thought there was already a transaction-id to prevent that, and if it's resource exhaustion we're worried about, challenging is not going to help.
For (b), a server challenge won't stop that (right?), and DNS has this same problem already (sans DNSSEC), so I personally think it's a red herring.  It ought to be a MAY strength methinks.

-hadriel
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Subject: Re: [BEHAVE] TURN: Cullen's suggestion for setting the DF bit
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Just a reminder that I am still interested in getting feedback on  
these options. So far, I have only gotten one response. Not doing any  
of these is also an option, so feel free to say "I am not interested  
in this idea".
- Philip

On Thu, 20-Mar-08, at 17:15 , Philip Matthews wrote:
> The proposal described in my e-mail message of 12 March (see the
> bottom of this message) was discussed in the BEHAVE session to mostly
> favorable reception. However, Cullen suggested a modification that I
> would like to get input on.
>
> At presently envisioned, in a partly-compliant allocation, if the
> server cannot read the value of the incoming DF bit, then it SHOULD
> clear the DF bit on the outgoing packet. This increases the chances
> that a large packet will be successfully delivered to the peer (or
> the client). However, this also breaks Path MTU Discovery, which
> requires the DF bit to be set.
>
> Cullen is interested in trying to make Path MTU Discovery work even
> for partly-compliant allocations. Here are a couple of options for
> doing this:
>
> 1) [Cullen's proposal] Add a way for the client to indicate, on a per-
> packet basis, that the server should set the DF bit when forwarding
> the user data to the peer.
> This would apply ONLY to Send indications, which would include a bit
> that specifies the setting of the DF bit. This bit could either be
> contained in a new attribute, or could be one of the 8 currently
> unused bits in the PEER-ADDRESS attribute.
>
> 2) Add a way for the client to indicate that the server should set
> the DF bit on ALL packets relayed by the server for this allocation.
> This might be done when the allocation is created, using a bit in the
> REQUESTED-PROPS attribute.
>
> 3) Similar to option (2), but settable on a per-peer basis via some
> new to-be-defined transaction.
>
> Option (1) allows the setting on a per-packet basis, but only in the
> client-->peer direction. Thus the peer could not do Path MTU  
> Discovery.
>
> Option (2) allows the peer to do Path MTU Discovery as well, but
> reduces somewhat the chances of a large packet getting through if the
> peer chooses not do PMTUD.
>
> Option (3) sets the DF bit on a per-peer basis, which might be useful
> if some peers do PMTUD and others do not. However, it is the most
> complex to specify, since it requires a new transaction type.
>
> What do people think of either of these options? Is anyone besides
> Cullen interested in this question?
>
> Personally, I am leaning slightly towards (2), but have no strong
> option. If no one but Cullen cares, then I will probably just drop
> this idea entirely.
>
> - Philip
>
>
>
>
> On Wed, 12-Mar-08, at 10:43 , Philip Matthews wrote:
>> Below is a new proposal for how to handle the IP header fields in
>> TURN. This proposal was developed in conjunction with Magnus, Lars,
>> and Jonathan. I will be discussing this proposal in the BEHAVE
>> meeting on Thursday.
>>
>> - Philip
>>
>>
>> A UDP allocation is "fully compliant with the TURN IP header
>> requirements" if the TURN server sets the fields in the outgoing IP
>> header as follows. [Note: Need a better term; suggestions welcome.]
>>
>> For IPv4:
>> * The TTL field is set to (incoming TTL - 1).
>> * The ECN field is set to the incoming ECN field UNLESS the server is
>> doing Active Queue Management, the incoming ECN field is 01 or 10,
>> and the server wishes to indicate that congestion has been
>> experienced, in which case it sets the outgoing ECN field to 11.
>> * The DSCP field is set to the incoming DSCP UNLESS the server,
>> though configuration or other means, believes that a different
>> setting is more appropriate.
>> * Various fragmentation fields (identification, fragment offset,  
>> last/
>> more fragments) are set as appropriate for a packet originated by the
>> server. [Since the incoming UDP datagram must be re-assembled before
>> it can be processed].
>> * The DF field is set to the incoming DF field.
>> * The options are empty (i.e., not copied).
>>
>> For IPv6:
>> * The Flow Label field is set to the incoming Flow Label field
>> * The treatment of IPv6 extension headers is TBD.
>>
>> In addition, a "fully compliant" implementation will relay ICMP
>> messages between the peer and client.
>>
>>
>> A UDP allocation is only "partly compliant" if it does not set one or
>> more of the fields as indicated above, or does not relay ICMP
>> messages.
>>
>> Where possible, a "partly compliant" UDP allocation should set each
>> field in the outgoing IP header as described above. Where a specific
>> field cannot be set as described above, it SHOULD be set as described
>> below.
>>
>> For IPv4:
>> * ECN field: set to 00 (ECN not supported).
>> * DSCP field: set to best effort
>> * DF field: set to fragmentation allowed
>>
>> For IPv6:
>>  TBD
>>
>> A client SHOULD set the fields in the IP header as directed by the
>> local application. If no direction is received, then the fields are
>> set as described under the "partly compliant" description above.
>>
>> Bit 8 (currently unused) in the REQUESTED-PROPS attribute is
>> redefined. If this bit is set to 1, then the client is requesting
>> that the allocation be fully compliant with the TURN IP header
>> requirements. If the server cannot provide an allocation that is
>> fully compliant, then the server MUST reject the allocation request.
>> It is a "Bad Request" error to set this bit when requesting a non-UDP
>> allocation.
>>
>>
>> When should a client request a fully-compliant allocation?
>> * When the client wishes to use ECN or a specific DSCP along the
>> entire path, OR
>> * When the client wishes to determine the precise Path MTU (using
>> Packetization Layer PMTUD).
>> In general, a client can use a partly-compliant allocation over IPv4
>> if the application is happy with best effort service, does not need
>> ECN, and sends only small packets (i.e., less than 576 - <max TURN
>> overhead of 32 bytes>). If the application sends larger packets, then
>> the packets may get fragmented along the way. This may result in the
>> packets being dropped along the path; for example, if fragments are
>> delivered out-of-order to certain NATs that do not handle out-of-
>> order fragments properly. If the client uses the Packetization Layer
>> PMTUD algorithm, then it may not discover the true path MTU, since
>> the server may not set the DF bit. In these cases, it will instead
>> discover the maximum packet size that will be delivered successfully
>> to the peer.
>> Some clients and applications that send larger packets may be able to
>> operate successfully in these situations. Others may not, and thus
>> require a fully-compliant allocation.
>> [Any other suggestions for what to say here??]
>>
>> _______________________________________________
>> Behave mailing list
>> Behave@ietf.org
>> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/behave
>>
>
> _______________________________________________
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Subject: Re: [BEHAVE] TURN: Proposal for the BANDWIDTH attribute
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So far, there seems to be consensus to remove this from the base TURN  
document.  Unless I hear strong objections to this, I will remove it  
from the (upcoming) TURN-08.

If desired, it can be advanced as an extension in a separate document  
at a later date.

- Philip

On Mon, 24-Mar-08, at 11:06 , Philip Matthews wrote:
> Anyone else have any comments on this, either for or against?
> - Philip
>
> On Fri, 21-Mar-08, at 15:57 , Cullen Jennings wrote:
>>
>> On the topic of the parameter that was formerly known as BANDWIDTH,
>> I'm in favor of the moving it to a serrate document.
>>
>> _______________________________________________
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From behave-bounces@ietf.org  Thu Apr  3 08:49:49 2008
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From: Eric Rescorla <ekr@networkresonance.com>
To: Hadriel Kaplan <HKaplan@acmepacket.com>
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Subject: Re: [BEHAVE] ALTERNATE-SERVER and anycast
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sAt Thu, 3 Apr 2008 11:26:55 -0400,
Hadriel Kaplan wrote:
> 
> 
> 
> > -----Original Message-----
> > From: behave-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:behave-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf
> > Of Eric Rescorla
> >
> > Yeah, but this doesn't contain the actual security requirement,
> > which is that the client be able to get data origin authentication
> > from the server. That does not require anti-replay for the client
> > request but only for the server response. I.e., it does not require
> > a challenge from the server.
> 
> Yeah that section confused me.  It said "to prevent denial of
> service attacks", and I wasn't sure if it meant (a) to prevent a
> malicious device from spoofing a client, in the hopes of getting the
> server to send responses to that legitimate client(s); or (b) if it
> meant to prevent a malicious device from spoofing a server and
> redirecting clients to bogus addresses.
>>
> For (a), I thought there was already a transaction-id to prevent
> that, and if it's resource exhaustion we're worried about,
> challenging is not going to help.  For (b), a server challenge won't
> stop that (right?), and DNS has this same problem already (sans
> DNSSEC), so I personally think it's a red herring.  It ought to be a
> MAY strength methinks.

I think your security analysis is right. I'll decline to comment on
ought :)

-Ekr
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From behave-bounces@ietf.org  Thu Apr  3 09:12:32 2008
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From: Hadriel Kaplan <HKaplan@acmepacket.com>
To: Eric Rescorla <ekr@networkresonance.com>, Philip Matthews
	<philip_matthews@magma.ca>
Date: Thu, 3 Apr 2008 12:11:16 -0400
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> -----Original Message-----
> From: Eric Rescorla [mailto:ekr@networkresonance.com]
>
> At Thu, 3 Apr 2008 09:21:23 -0400,
> Philip Matthews wrote:
> >
> > I am still trying to dig into the reasons the experts think that multi-
> > packet exchanges won't work. My initial reaction is exactly the same
> > as yours.
>
> There's nothing complicated here:
> The Internet routing system does not guarantee that two packets
> sent to the same anycast address from the same source address
> will be delivered to the same destination. To the extent to which
> it's currently the case that that usually happens, that's an
> artifact of today's routing systems. It's bad practice to design
> new systems such that they depend on this behavior, because we
> may wish to change it in the future.

I think they will find all kinds of crap breaking if they try to change that behavior (people do far worse with anycasts than what we're proposing), but ok - would graceful detection and avoidance of such a case resolve this?

Like if it's using TCP/TLS, then it's possible the connection establishment will fail, or it's possible a sent request will reset the connection, but that is possible regardless of anycast and needs to be handled.

If it's using UDP and a challenge, then the challenge-responding request may well get an error response (e.g., 401 or 438?), and currently I _think_ section 10.2.3 of 3489bis-15 would just have the client keep retrying, which could be bad if anycast is broken - really it could be bad for unicast too (we've had this problem in SIP).  So maybe we should put in wording in that section to constrain that failure case, such that it moves on to another server found through SRV or configuration or whatever.

For example, if more than three 401 or 438 responses are received without a success response, consider the transaction to have failed without a response and follow section 9:
   When following these procedures, if the STUN transaction times out
   without receipt of a response, the client SHOULD retry the request to
   the next server in the ordered defined by RFC 2782.

-hadriel
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From behave-bounces@ietf.org  Thu Apr  3 09:21:37 2008
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Subject: Re: [BEHAVE] ALTERNATE-SERVER and anycast
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At Thu, 3 Apr 2008 12:11:16 -0400,
Hadriel Kaplan wrote:
> 
> 
> 
> > -----Original Message-----
> > From: Eric Rescorla [mailto:ekr@networkresonance.com]
> >
> > At Thu, 3 Apr 2008 09:21:23 -0400,
> > Philip Matthews wrote:
> > >
> > > I am still trying to dig into the reasons the experts think that multi-
> > > packet exchanges won't work. My initial reaction is exactly the same
> > > as yours.
> >
> > There's nothing complicated here:
> > The Internet routing system does not guarantee that two packets
> > sent to the same anycast address from the same source address
> > will be delivered to the same destination. To the extent to which
> > it's currently the case that that usually happens, that's an
> > artifact of today's routing systems. It's bad practice to design
> > new systems such that they depend on this behavior, because we
> > may wish to change it in the future.
> 
> I think they will find all kinds of crap breaking if they try to
> change that behavior (people do far worse with anycasts than what
> we're proposing),

Yes, but at their own risk. That's different from us encouraging it.


> but ok - would graceful detection and avoidance of
> such a case resolve this?
>
> Like if it's using TCP/TLS, then it's possible the connection
> establishment will fail, or it's possible a sent request will reset
> the connection, but that is possible regardless of anycast and needs
> to be handled.

Right, but it's possible that this will *never* work.

Consider a load balancing system that has two paths and uses a packet
hash to determine which path it will take. If the SYN and the SYN/ACK
end up on different paths, then anycast will totally break the system.
You'll not be able to form a TCP connection at all.

Maybe I'm missing something, but why use anycast at this layer at
all. Wouldn't it be easier to have the TURN servers be unicast and use
anycast (or just load balanced) DNS resolution instead, with different
servers giving different responses?

-Ekr


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From: Hadriel Kaplan <HKaplan@acmepacket.com>
To: Eric Rescorla <ekr@networkresonance.com>
Date: Thu, 3 Apr 2008 12:50:55 -0400
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> -----Original Message-----
> From: Eric Rescorla [mailto:ekr@networkresonance.com]
>
> At Thu, 3 Apr 2008 12:11:16 -0400,
> Hadriel Kaplan wrote:
> >
> > I think they will find all kinds of crap breaking if they try to
> > change that behavior (people do far worse with anycasts than what
> > we're proposing),
>
> Yes, but at their own risk. That's different from us encouraging it.

Yup, I concur. :)


> Consider a load balancing system that has two paths and uses a packet
> hash to determine which path it will take. If the SYN and the SYN/ACK
> end up on different paths, then anycast will totally break the system.
> You'll not be able to form a TCP connection at all.

Right, and it's possible you'll never be able to create a TCP or TLS connection to a unicast server you want to, period.  Section 9 deals with that by having it try to another server I think (because the STUN transaction would fail).  I don't disagree that an anycast would need a unicast alternate, and unicasts need unicast alternates.  Maybe we could just mandate that there be one for an anycast use model, with an explanation of why?


> Maybe I'm missing something, but why use anycast at this layer at
> all. Wouldn't it be easier to have the TURN servers be unicast and use
> anycast (or just load balanced) DNS resolution instead, with different
> servers giving different responses?

It's not really just load balancing and availability, it's about distance locality (routing topology distance).  DNS gives you the former, but not the latter unless either your DNS has topological knowledge, or you deploy DNS everywhere you deploy STUN/TURN servers, and you don't do recursive queries.  I don't believe those are really tenable, but IANAE.  Regardless, all that would do is replace the ALT-SERV mechanism with DNS, and if that's kosher, then so should doing ALT-SERV without a challenge and over UDP.

-hadriel
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Date: Thu, 03 Apr 2008 10:17:45 -0700
From: Eric Rescorla <ekr@networkresonance.com>
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Subject: Re: [BEHAVE] ALTERNATE-SERVER and anycast
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At Thu, 3 Apr 2008 12:50:55 -0400,
Hadriel Kaplan wrote:
> 
> 
> 
> > -----Original Message-----
> > From: Eric Rescorla [mailto:ekr@networkresonance.com]
> >
> > At Thu, 3 Apr 2008 12:11:16 -0400,
> > Hadriel Kaplan wrote:
> > >
> > > I think they will find all kinds of crap breaking if they try to
> > > change that behavior (people do far worse with anycasts than what
> > > we're proposing),
> >
> > Yes, but at their own risk. That's different from us encouraging it.
> 
> Yup, I concur. :)
> 
> 
> > Consider a load balancing system that has two paths and uses a packet
> > hash to determine which path it will take. If the SYN and the SYN/ACK
> > end up on different paths, then anycast will totally break the system.
> > You'll not be able to form a TCP connection at all.
> 
> Right, and it's possible you'll never be able to create a TCP or TLS
> connection to a unicast server you want to, period. 

Yes, but not because of the network being actually completely functional,
just not in a way you expect.


> Section 9 deals
> with that by having it try to another server I think (because the
> STUN transaction would fail).  I don't disagree that an anycast
> would need a unicast alternate, and unicasts need unicast
> alternates.  Maybe we could just mandate that there be one for an
> anycast use model, with an explanation of why?

Again, I think this encourages a dangerous practice.


> > Maybe I'm missing something, but why use anycast at this layer at
> > all. Wouldn't it be easier to have the TURN servers be unicast and use
> > anycast (or just load balanced) DNS resolution instead, with different
> > servers giving different responses?
> 
> It's not really just load balancing and availability, it's about
> distance locality (routing topology distance).  DNS gives you the
> former, but not the latter unless either your DNS has topological
> knowledge, or you deploy DNS everywhere you deploy STUN/TURN
> servers, and you don't do recursive queries.  I don't believe those
> are really tenable, but IANAE.  Regardless, all that would do is
> replace the ALT-SERV mechanism with DNS, and if that's kosher, then
> so should doing ALT-SERV without a challenge and over UDP.

Pace DNSSEC.

-Ekr

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Subject: Re: [BEHAVE] TURN: Are unauthenticated indications and ChannelData
	msgs a problem?
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On Wed, 2-Apr-08, at 08:13 , Benny Prijono wrote:
> On Wed, Apr 2, 2008 at 6:51 AM, Cullen Jennings <fluffy@cisco.com>  
> wrote:
>>
>> It's seems that one possible solution to these would be "only  
>> authenticated
>> requests can create, update, or remove a permission".

This is one option. I call this "option C". For other options, see my  
e-mail of 24 March.

>>
>
> Just to be clear with the proposal, I imagine that we will allow zero
> or more PEER-ADDRESS attribute(s) to appear in Allocate and Refresh
> requests, and the server will use these attributes to create or
> refresh permissions.

My personal preference would be to _not_ mix this up with Allocate and  
Refresh processing. I would instead define a new transaction for  
refreshing permissions. My reasons are:
a) I think that the Allocate transaction is already complex enough;
b) We only need a mechanism for peers that have no channels bound to  
them or where there are no channels bound to the same address but  
different port (since rebinding a channel also refreshes the  
corresponding permission). Since I think most clients will use  
channels for long-term communication, the bandwidth savings from doing  
this with the Allocate and Refresh transactions is low.



One alternative that has some attraction is to generalize the Send  
method to also support request/response transactions (in the same way  
that Binding can be either request/response or indication). The Send  
request could then carry the USERNAME, REALM, NONCE, and MESSAGE- 
INTEGRITY attributes. It would also be allowed to specify either (a) a  
PEER-ADDRESS  or (b) a CHANNEL-NUMBER. The semantics of the latter  
would be to send data on that channel and refresh the channel binding  
and the corresponding permission.

This would allow a single packet to both carry the ICE keep-alive and  
refresh the TURN channel and/or permission. This packet would be an  
ICE keep-alive (= a STUN Binding indication) wrapped inside a TURN  
Send request.

[NOTE: Some may be thinking "Why do I need an ICE keep-alive if I am  
sending packets to refresh the TURN channel and permission?". There  
are two reasons: (1) Most NATs today need to be refreshed much faster  
than 5 minutes, and (2) if there is a NAT _beyond_ the TURN server  
with its private side facing the server, then a refresh transaction  
with the TURN server will not refresh the bindings on that NAT. Case  
(2) can arise in, for example, when a TURN server is located on a node  
behind a NAT, which is being considered in P2PSIP situations.]

> One of the interesting thing with this is that
> there will be multiple instances of the same attribute to appear in a
> STUN message. I don't think this is disallowed by STUN, but I don't
> think there is existing usages that use this either, so it'll be
> interesting to hear if it breaks implementations. For me I'm fine with
> this.
Section 15 of the STUN spec says:
    Any attribute type MAY appear more than once in a STUN message.
    Unless specified otherwise, the order of appearance is significant:
    only the first occurance needs to be processed by a receiver, and  
any
    duplicates MAY be ignored by a receiver.

- Philip

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Subject: Re: [BEHAVE] Conf call on TURN encapsulations will be held on
	Tuesday
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Bridge info is now available. If you wish to attend, please contact  
me, and I will send it to you. Those I already know about should have  
already received it.

The call is open to everyone who wishes to attend.

- Philip

PS. Thanks to Dan Wing and Cisco for providing a bridge with  
international dial-in numbers.

On Wed, 2-Apr-08, at 21:57 , Philip Matthews wrote:
> I will send out bridge information for the call by Monday.
> Right now, I have a bridge with a US dial-in number, but I am trying
> to find one that also has international dial-in numbers.
>
> - Philip
>
> On Wed, 2-Apr-08, at 16:59 , Philip Matthews wrote:
>> The conference call on TURN encapsulations will be held on Tuesday, 8
>> April 2007 at the following time
>>     9 - 11 Pacific / 12 - 14 Eastern / 18 - 20 CET / 19 - 21 EET
>>
>> Please send me an e-mail if you want to join this call, and I will
>> send you the bridge information. (Those who have already responded
>> need not reply again).
>>
>> - Philip
>>
>>
>>
>> _______________________________________________
>> Behave mailing list
>> Behave@ietf.org
>> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/behave
>>
>
> _______________________________________________
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Subject: Re: [BEHAVE] TURN: Proposal for the BANDWIDTH attribute
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Le Thursday 03 April 2008 18:47:30 ext Philip Matthews, vous avez =E9crit=
=A0:
> So far, there seems to be consensus to remove this from the base TURN
> document.  Unless I hear strong objections to this, I will remove it
> from the (upcoming) TURN-08.

Ok with me.

-- =

R=E9mi Denis-Courmont
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Subject: Re: [BEHAVE] TURN: Cullen's suggestion for setting the DF bit
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Le Thursday 03 April 2008 18:39:52 ext Philip Matthews, vous avez =E9crit=
=A0:
> Just a reminder that I am still interested in getting feedback on
> these options. So far, I have only gotten one response. Not doing any
> of these is also an option, so feel free to say "I am not interested
> in this idea".

I am fine with the proposal, but I am confused as to whether/how this is =

supposed to solve the "unprivileged" server problem.

I know Linux supports both RFC1191 and RFC4821 path MTU discovery (look for =

IP_MTU_DISCOVER at ip(7)) without privileges, but that seemed like the =

exception rather than the norm.

-- =

R=E9mi Denis-Courmont
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From: Hadriel Kaplan <HKaplan@acmepacket.com>
To: Philip Matthews <philip_matthews@magma.ca>, Behave WG <behave@ietf.org>
Date: Fri, 4 Apr 2008 00:56:25 -0400
Thread-Topic: [BEHAVE] TURN: Cullen's suggestion for setting the DF bit
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I am (probably predictably) for the KISS principle, where the last S is for Server, so I would prefer option 4: not interested.

-hadriel "PITA" kaplan


> -----Original Message-----
> From: behave-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:behave-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf
> Of Philip Matthews
> Sent: Thursday, April 03, 2008 11:40 AM
> To: Behave WG
> Subject: Re: [BEHAVE] TURN: Cullen's suggestion for setting the DF bit
>
> Just a reminder that I am still interested in getting feedback on
> these options. So far, I have only gotten one response. Not doing any
> of these is also an option, so feel free to say "I am not interested
> in this idea".
> - Philip
>
> On Thu, 20-Mar-08, at 17:15 , Philip Matthews wrote:
> > The proposal described in my e-mail message of 12 March (see the
> > bottom of this message) was discussed in the BEHAVE session to mostly
> > favorable reception. However, Cullen suggested a modification that I
> > would like to get input on.
> >
> > At presently envisioned, in a partly-compliant allocation, if the
> > server cannot read the value of the incoming DF bit, then it SHOULD
> > clear the DF bit on the outgoing packet. This increases the chances
> > that a large packet will be successfully delivered to the peer (or
> > the client). However, this also breaks Path MTU Discovery, which
> > requires the DF bit to be set.
> >
> > Cullen is interested in trying to make Path MTU Discovery work even
> > for partly-compliant allocations. Here are a couple of options for
> > doing this:
> >
> > 1) [Cullen's proposal] Add a way for the client to indicate, on a per-
> > packet basis, that the server should set the DF bit when forwarding
> > the user data to the peer.
> > This would apply ONLY to Send indications, which would include a bit
> > that specifies the setting of the DF bit. This bit could either be
> > contained in a new attribute, or could be one of the 8 currently
> > unused bits in the PEER-ADDRESS attribute.
> >
> > 2) Add a way for the client to indicate that the server should set
> > the DF bit on ALL packets relayed by the server for this allocation.
> > This might be done when the allocation is created, using a bit in the
> > REQUESTED-PROPS attribute.
> >
> > 3) Similar to option (2), but settable on a per-peer basis via some
> > new to-be-defined transaction.
> >
> > Option (1) allows the setting on a per-packet basis, but only in the
> > client-->peer direction. Thus the peer could not do Path MTU
> > Discovery.
> >
> > Option (2) allows the peer to do Path MTU Discovery as well, but
> > reduces somewhat the chances of a large packet getting through if the
> > peer chooses not do PMTUD.
> >
> > Option (3) sets the DF bit on a per-peer basis, which might be useful
> > if some peers do PMTUD and others do not. However, it is the most
> > complex to specify, since it requires a new transaction type.
> >
> > What do people think of either of these options? Is anyone besides
> > Cullen interested in this question?
> >
> > Personally, I am leaning slightly towards (2), but have no strong
> > option. If no one but Cullen cares, then I will probably just drop
> > this idea entirely.
> >
> > - Philip
> >
> >
> >
> >
> > On Wed, 12-Mar-08, at 10:43 , Philip Matthews wrote:
> >> Below is a new proposal for how to handle the IP header fields in
> >> TURN. This proposal was developed in conjunction with Magnus, Lars,
> >> and Jonathan. I will be discussing this proposal in the BEHAVE
> >> meeting on Thursday.
> >>
> >> - Philip
> >>
> >>
> >> A UDP allocation is "fully compliant with the TURN IP header
> >> requirements" if the TURN server sets the fields in the outgoing IP
> >> header as follows. [Note: Need a better term; suggestions welcome.]
> >>
> >> For IPv4:
> >> * The TTL field is set to (incoming TTL - 1).
> >> * The ECN field is set to the incoming ECN field UNLESS the server is
> >> doing Active Queue Management, the incoming ECN field is 01 or 10,
> >> and the server wishes to indicate that congestion has been
> >> experienced, in which case it sets the outgoing ECN field to 11.
> >> * The DSCP field is set to the incoming DSCP UNLESS the server,
> >> though configuration or other means, believes that a different
> >> setting is more appropriate.
> >> * Various fragmentation fields (identification, fragment offset,
> >> last/
> >> more fragments) are set as appropriate for a packet originated by the
> >> server. [Since the incoming UDP datagram must be re-assembled before
> >> it can be processed].
> >> * The DF field is set to the incoming DF field.
> >> * The options are empty (i.e., not copied).
> >>
> >> For IPv6:
> >> * The Flow Label field is set to the incoming Flow Label field
> >> * The treatment of IPv6 extension headers is TBD.
> >>
> >> In addition, a "fully compliant" implementation will relay ICMP
> >> messages between the peer and client.
> >>
> >>
> >> A UDP allocation is only "partly compliant" if it does not set one or
> >> more of the fields as indicated above, or does not relay ICMP
> >> messages.
> >>
> >> Where possible, a "partly compliant" UDP allocation should set each
> >> field in the outgoing IP header as described above. Where a specific
> >> field cannot be set as described above, it SHOULD be set as described
> >> below.
> >>
> >> For IPv4:
> >> * ECN field: set to 00 (ECN not supported).
> >> * DSCP field: set to best effort
> >> * DF field: set to fragmentation allowed
> >>
> >> For IPv6:
> >>  TBD
> >>
> >> A client SHOULD set the fields in the IP header as directed by the
> >> local application. If no direction is received, then the fields are
> >> set as described under the "partly compliant" description above.
> >>
> >> Bit 8 (currently unused) in the REQUESTED-PROPS attribute is
> >> redefined. If this bit is set to 1, then the client is requesting
> >> that the allocation be fully compliant with the TURN IP header
> >> requirements. If the server cannot provide an allocation that is
> >> fully compliant, then the server MUST reject the allocation request.
> >> It is a "Bad Request" error to set this bit when requesting a non-UDP
> >> allocation.
> >>
> >>
> >> When should a client request a fully-compliant allocation?
> >> * When the client wishes to use ECN or a specific DSCP along the
> >> entire path, OR
> >> * When the client wishes to determine the precise Path MTU (using
> >> Packetization Layer PMTUD).
> >> In general, a client can use a partly-compliant allocation over IPv4
> >> if the application is happy with best effort service, does not need
> >> ECN, and sends only small packets (i.e., less than 576 - <max TURN
> >> overhead of 32 bytes>). If the application sends larger packets, then
> >> the packets may get fragmented along the way. This may result in the
> >> packets being dropped along the path; for example, if fragments are
> >> delivered out-of-order to certain NATs that do not handle out-of-
> >> order fragments properly. If the client uses the Packetization Layer
> >> PMTUD algorithm, then it may not discover the true path MTU, since
> >> the server may not set the DF bit. In these cases, it will instead
> >> discover the maximum packet size that will be delivered successfully
> >> to the peer.
> >> Some clients and applications that send larger packets may be able to
> >> operate successfully in these situations. Others may not, and thus
> >> require a fully-compliant allocation.
> >> [Any other suggestions for what to say here??]
> >>
> >> _______________________________________________
> >> Behave mailing list
> >> Behave@ietf.org
> >> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/behave
> >>
> >
> > _______________________________________________
> > Behave mailing list
> > Behave@ietf.org
> > https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/behave
> >
>
> _______________________________________________
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On Thu, Apr 3, 2008 at 8:20 PM, Philip Matthews
<philip_matthews@magma.ca> wrote:
> > Just to be clear with the proposal, I imagine that we will allow zero
> > or more PEER-ADDRESS attribute(s) to appear in Allocate and Refresh
> > requests, and the server will use these attributes to create or
> > refresh permissions.
>
>  My personal preference would be to _not_ mix this up with Allocate and
> Refresh processing. I would instead define a new transaction for refreshing
> permissions. My reasons are:
>  a) I think that the Allocate transaction is already complex enough;

I think it won't, since it doesn't add more allocation specification.
This would be something that the server does after it creates the
allocation, so it shouldn't add to the complexity of the Allocate
request (by too much that is).

>  b) We only need a mechanism for peers that have no channels bound to them
> or where there are no channels bound to the same address but different port
> (since rebinding a channel also refreshes the corresponding permission).
> Since I think most clients will use channels for long-term communication,
> the bandwidth savings from doing this with the Allocate and Refresh
> transactions is low.
>

Once the communication has been established, yes. In fact probably
most clients won't use this permission refresh mechanism at all once
communication has been established if it binds the peer it wants to
communicate to with a channel, since it will refresh the channel and
the corresponding permission using ChannelBind instead.

What I was referring to as chattiness is during initial ICE
negotiation. Since client doesn't know which remote candidate will
reach it's TURN candidate, basically it has to open a permission to
each of the remote candidate (probably three at minimum), and this
would mean individual requests to open permission for each candidate.
And multiply that with the number of components. Considering that many
things are happening during ICE negotiation (lots of packets get
sent), this may be something we need to consider.

>
>  One alternative that has some attraction is to generalize the Send method
> to also support request/response transactions (in the same way that Binding
> can be either request/response or indication). The Send request could then
> carry the USERNAME, REALM, NONCE, and MESSAGE-INTEGRITY attributes. It would
> also be allowed to specify either (a) a PEER-ADDRESS  or (b) a
> CHANNEL-NUMBER. The semantics of the latter would be to send data on that
> channel and refresh the channel binding and the corresponding permission.
>
>  This would allow a single packet to both carry the ICE keep-alive and
> refresh the TURN channel and/or permission. This packet would be an ICE
> keep-alive (= a STUN Binding indication) wrapped inside a TURN Send request.

For me, the concept of sending a data with a request is not too
appealing considering the size of the payload that potentially needs
to be retransmitted, and retransmission may cause the payload to
arrive out of order in the peer. The later probably is not too much of
a concern, but the former is. An ICE Binding request is about 100
bytes in length, and add that to about 100 bytes of typical long-term
authenticated TURN request. And considering that a long term request
may get challenged (e.g. expired NONCE), the figure starts to get
worrying.

Also IMO, sending ICE inside Send request looks complicated. First,
the ICE keep-alive and TURN permission timer run independently, so I
imagine each will be sent independently from one another. And second,
one needs to be careful with using Send request with ICE in general,
since the Send payload maybe a STUN request in itself (say a Binding
request), which will be retransmitted independently from the Send
request. A buggy client may end up creating a Send request for every
Binding request (the payload of Send request) retransmissions.

So with this, what most client do probably is to send a blank Send
request (containing no DATA) just to open/refresh the permission, then
use Send Indication as usual to send data. Which negates the
motivation of having Send request in the first place.

Perhaps there are other uses for this. But IMO probably it's better to
invent an explicit method to refresh permission. That's your option C
I believe. Or as a variant of option C, we also have an option to not
provide any mechanism to refresh permission and instead force everyone
to use channels. In some way this may be simpler since now there is
only one mechanism to refresh permission/channel, but it may cause
concern for long term allocation with the limited number of channel
number space. I was one of the people who argued about using long term
allocation, and in the end I decided that this was not a good idea, so
this option sounds quite feasible.

So to put all the new options on the table (in addition to your
previous mail in this thread):
 - Option F: allow Allocate and Refresh with multiple PEER-ADDRESS
attributes to create/refresh permissions
 - Option G: not to provide mechanism to refresh permission alone, and
instead force everyone to use channels (variant of option C)
 - Option H: use Send request


>  [NOTE: Some may be thinking "Why do I need an ICE keep-alive if I am
> sending packets to refresh the TURN channel and permission?". There are two
> reasons: (1) Most NATs today need to be refreshed much faster than 5
> minutes, and (2) if there is a NAT _beyond_ the TURN server with its private
> side facing the server, then a refresh transaction with the TURN server will
> not refresh the bindings on that NAT. Case (2) can arise in, for example,
> when a TURN server is located on a node behind a NAT, which is being
> considered in P2PSIP situations.]
>
>
>
> > One of the interesting thing with this is that
> > there will be multiple instances of the same attribute to appear in a
> > STUN message. I don't think this is disallowed by STUN, but I don't
> > think there is existing usages that use this either, so it'll be
> > interesting to hear if it breaks implementations. For me I'm fine with
> > this.
> >
>  Section 15 of the STUN spec says:
>    Any attribute type MAY appear more than once in a STUN message.
>    Unless specified otherwise, the order of appearance is significant:
>    only the first occurance needs to be processed by a receiver, and any
>    duplicates MAY be ignored by a receiver.

Yeah, but it says "Unless specified otherwise".

Cheers
 Benny


>  - Philip
>
>
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Just a further note on this call. The focus will be on TURN  
encapsulations as previously described, and I will allow this  
discussion to go as long as necessary (up to 2 hours). However, if  
there is time left after discussing encapsulations, then I will bring  
up some of the other open issues in TURN that we have been discussing  
on the mailing list (e.g., ALTERNATE-SERVER, anycast, setting the DF  
bit, refreshing permissions).

As usual, a summary of the call will be posted to the list afterwards.

- Philip

On Thu, 3-Apr-08, at 19:00 , Philip Matthews wrote:
> Bridge info is now available. If you wish to attend, please contact
> me, and I will send it to you. Those I already know about should have
> already received it.
>
> The call is open to everyone who wishes to attend.
>
> - Philip
>
> PS. Thanks to Dan Wing and Cisco for providing a bridge with
> international dial-in numbers.
>
> On Wed, 2-Apr-08, at 21:57 , Philip Matthews wrote:
>> I will send out bridge information for the call by Monday.
>> Right now, I have a bridge with a US dial-in number, but I am trying
>> to find one that also has international dial-in numbers.
>>
>> - Philip
>>
>> On Wed, 2-Apr-08, at 16:59 , Philip Matthews wrote:
>>> The conference call on TURN encapsulations will be held on  
>>> Tuesday, 8
>>> April 2007 at the following time
>>>    9 - 11 Pacific / 12 - 14 Eastern / 18 - 20 CET / 19 - 21 EET
>>>
>>> Please send me an e-mail if you want to join this call, and I will
>>> send you the bridge information. (Those who have already responded
>>> need not reply again).
>>>
>>> - Philip
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>> _______________________________________________
>>> Behave mailing list
>>> Behave@ietf.org
>>> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/behave
>>>
>>
>> _______________________________________________
>> Behave mailing list
>> Behave@ietf.org
>> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/behave
>>
>
> _______________________________________________
> Behave mailing list
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Subject: Re: [BEHAVE] ALTERNATE-SERVER and anycast
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Philip Matthews wrote:
> I am still trying to dig into the reasons the experts think that 
> multi-packet exchanges won't work. My initial reaction is exactly the 
> same as yours.
>
> However, I also wondering how keen people are to have anycast support 
> in TURN? I have heard that there is a draft in preparation that will 
> discuss anycast discovery of servers, but it won't be out for a month 
> or so, and after that there will presumably be some debate on the 
> details. So this may turn out to be an area where there is not yet 
> IETF consensus. If this is the case, are people willing to delay the 
> TURN draft while we sort out the anycast details?
I can say for certain that autodiscovery, is something that in many 
cases we have functionally separated out. There is often more than one 
way to skin that particular cat, there are various tradeoffs, and lots 
of opinions on what those are. Consensus is sometimes difficult to 
reach, unfortunately.

- Mark
>
> - Philip
>
> On Wed, 2-Apr-08, at 23:34 , Hadriel Kaplan wrote:
>>
>> I am in still in favor of it, specifically for anycast support.
>>
>> Can you describe the cases it won't be delivered to the same instance 
>> that you've been told of?  In my experience (which was many years in 
>> the L3 routing world, fwiw, but nowhere near as much as either of the 
>> Dave's left pinkies), anycasting fails to deliver a packet to the 
>> same server "instance" for one of two reasons I can think of off the 
>> top of my head:
>>        1) The network topology changes, for example the routing cost 
>> to an instance's prefix changes, or an L3 protection mechanism kicked 
>> in and temporarily selected a higher-cost path, or whatever.
>>        2) A router or some middle-box is doing some form of 
>> load-balancing.
>>
>> For (1), it is either a transient rare event (from our use-case 
>> timescale perspective) which stabilizes, which won't matter for this 
>> use-case; or it is due to a route flap event, and route flaps take 
>> enough time to flap again, in 99% of the cases, that for this 
>> use-case timescale it won't matter.  Just as long as the mechanism is 
>> resilient to the event occurring once in its full handshake - in 
>> other words, so long as the second-trip can fail to reach the same 
>> server instance but that just triggers another round-trip restart, 
>> then (1) isn't an issue for a massive probability.  I think that is 
>> the case for ALT-SERVER use, right?  That it survives such a thing 
>> happening gracefully?
>>
>> For (2), all such modern equipment I know of performs hashing or some 
>> form of keeping the same "flows" going to the same specific L3 
>> next-hops, and do so using at least IP-dest in their decision, or 
>> IP-dest+source, or more, such that any flows to the same anycast dest 
>> address will get to the same instance virtually all of the time.  
>> Having said that, there have been some (rather infamous) cases of 
>> ECMP or L3 load-balancing in routers which did NOT follow that model, 
>> and forwarded packets in a round-robin fashion, but I was under the 
>> impression they got "called-out" and all their hardware has since 
>> been upgraded to fix it years ago.  And when I say "anycast", I mean 
>> an IPv4 unicast address/prefix that happens to be a virtual shared 
>> address for multiple hosts, and advertised into the routing topology 
>> from multiple physical locations - I do not mean IPv6 true 
>> anycasting, and I have no idea what the modern equipment does for 
>> that or if it matters. (I've been out of routing for several years)
>>
>> Regardless, I think all we need is a graceful way for the client to 
>> detect a pathological condition, should the worst happen. (ie, a way 
>> for it to give up re-tries and use an alternate server altogether)  No?
>>
>> -hadriel
>>
>>> -----Original Message-----
>>> From: behave-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:behave-bounces@ietf.org] On 
>>> Behalf
>>> Of Philip Matthews
>>> Sent: Wednesday, April 02, 2008 10:22 PM
>>> To: Behave WG
>>> Cc: Mark Townsley; David R Oran; David Ward
>>> Subject: [BEHAVE] ALTERNATE-SERVER and anycast
>>>
>>> At the last BEHAVE meeting, it was suggested that one use of ALTERNATE-
>>> SERVER was to support anycast discovery of TURN servers. I have been
>>> doing some inquiries, and it seems that there might be a problem with
>>> this idea.
>>>
>>> The way I had been thinking this would work is that a client would
>>> send an Allocate request to an anycast address, and would receive an
>>> error response back with an error code of 300 Try Alternative and an
>>> ALTERNATE-SERVER attribute giving the unicast address of the server to
>>> contact.
>>>
>>> The problem is that it seems there is no guarantee that two
>>> consecutive packets will be delivered to the same anycast server. The
>>> only thing that is guaranteed is a single round-trip exchange[1]. This
>>> means that the above idea does not work because:
>>> a) It is not possible to contact an anycast TURN server using TCP or
>>> TLS over TCP, since the handshake will not necessarily complete with
>>> the same server.
>>> b) It is also not possible to contact an anycast TURN server using
>>> UDP, since STUN says that an ALTERNATE-SERVER reply must be
>>> authenticated, and authentication in TURN requires a 4-packet exchange.
>>>
>>> So this straight-forward method of doing anycast lookup in TURN does
>>> not seem to work.
>>>
>>> There are probably ways to fix this by changing how ALTENATE-SERVER
>>> works in TURN, but I am currently inclined to forget about anycast for
>>> TURN right now, and let someone add it later.
>>>
>>> Comments?
>>>
>>> - Philip
>>>
>>> [1] Private info received from David Oran. I have asked for a public
>>> reference.
>>>
>>> _______________________________________________
>>> Behave mailing list
>>> Behave@ietf.org
>>> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/behave
>>
>
>

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Subject: [BEHAVE] TURN as enterprise proxy mechanism
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We are developing an application which we expect to be (very) widely 
deployed that makes client-server and peer-to-peer connections over a 
UDP-based protocol.

Enterprise customers that wish to block all UDP traffic at their 
firewall have asked for a way to enable the use of this application 
using some sort of proxy.

TURN appears to provide the most convenient UDP-UDP proxy mechanism that 
we've seen specs for, though this application is somewhat different than 
"TURN server on public Internet", and thus assumptions and requirements 
are different than that case.

A handful of questions:

1. Should we be looking at something else instead? (Not SOCKS, as it 
doesn't appear to act as a UDP-UDP proxy and appears to require a fixed 
destination address, both incompatible with our requirements)

2. Has there been any thought given to an advisory "User Agent" 
parameter during association? Enterprises may wish to operate an 
unauthenticated TURN proxy for their employees, but have at least some 
guess as to what is using it. (Note that this is also a good reason for 
continuing to allow an unauthenticated mode of operation for TURN)

3. Has there been any thought given to a DHCP option for providing 
clients with the address of a local TURN server? (This may seem exactly 
backwards from the STUN goal of having the server independent of the 
enterprise network so that the "outside" address may be derived, but 
would help our application and also could support enterprise policy 
about which STUN/TURN server they'd like their VoIP phones using)

Matthew Kaufman
matthew@matthew.at
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Cc: rohan@ekabal.com, behave@ietf.org, philip_matthews@magma.ca
Subject: Re: [BEHAVE] TURN as enterprise proxy mechanism
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> -----Original Message-----
> From: behave-bounces@ietf.org 
> [mailto:behave-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of Matthew Kaufman
> Sent: Friday, April 04, 2008 10:36 AM
> To: jdrosen@cisco.com; rohan@ekabal.com; philip_matthews@magma.ca
> Cc: behave@ietf.org
> Subject: [BEHAVE] TURN as enterprise proxy mechanism
> 
> We are developing an application which we expect to be (very) widely 
> deployed that makes client-server and peer-to-peer connections over a 
> UDP-based protocol.
> 
> Enterprise customers that wish to block all UDP traffic at their 
> firewall have asked for a way to enable the use of this application 
> using some sort of proxy.
> 
> TURN appears to provide the most convenient UDP-UDP proxy 
> mechanism that 
> we've seen specs for, though this application is somewhat 
> different than 
> "TURN server on public Internet", and thus assumptions and 
> requirements 
> are different than that case.
>
> A handful of questions:
> 
> 1. Should we be looking at something else instead? (Not SOCKS, as it 
> doesn't appear to act as a UDP-UDP proxy and appears to 
> require a fixed 
> destination address, both incompatible with our requirements)

http://www1.cs.columbia.edu/~lennox/udptunnel also uses fixed addresses, but
might be useful for you.  For example, you could run a CGI on your proxy which
called udptunnel with the necessary UDPtunnel parameters.

> 2. Has there been any thought given to an advisory "User Agent" 
> parameter during association? Enterprises may wish to operate an 
> unauthenticated TURN proxy for their employees, but have at 
> least some 
> guess as to what is using it. (Note that this is also a good 
> reason for 
> continuing to allow an unauthenticated mode of operation for TURN)

A new STUN attribute could be defined for that.  But of course there
wouldn't be any good way to authenticate its contents -- once someone
learns that 'udp-chat-1.0' and 'quake' are both acceptable for using
the TURN server, they'll configure other TURN-aware applications to
put those strings into that attribute.  But if the applications and
the users are more-or-less trusted (which is often the case with
enterprises -- they can fire employees that subvert company policy),
it could be helpful for traffic statistics.

> 3. Has there been any thought given to a DHCP option for providing 
> clients with the address of a local TURN server? (This may 
> seem exactly 
> backwards from the STUN goal of having the server independent of the 
> enterprise network so that the "outside" address may be derived, but 
> would help our application and also could support enterprise policy 
> about which STUN/TURN server they'd like their VoIP phones using)

Nobody is working on that, but it seems reasonable to me -- it is
more reasonable than doing a DNS SRV query to find your TURN server.

A drawback with DHCP options is the years it takes to get into 
OSs and into DHCP servers.

-d

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From behave-bounces@ietf.org  Sun Apr  6 11:16:23 2008
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From: Rohan Mahy <rohan@ekabal.com>
Date: Sun, 6 Apr 2008 11:16:10 -0700
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Cc: Rohan Mahy <rohan@ekabal.com>, behave@ietf.org, philip_matthews@magma.ca
Subject: Re: [BEHAVE] TURN as enterprise proxy mechanism
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Hi Mathew,

I think TURN is perfectly reasonable for your application.

While you could define a new USER-AGENT or CLIENT attribute. I  
definitely recommend against making any application unauthenticated  
in an enterprise.  The enterprise certainly has a username/password  
directory (possibly more than one). I would suggest just using that  
same directory.

Why is DNS not working well for you? In my experience it is far  
easier to configure and deploy a new SRV record than a new DHCP  
option.  You have to add the DHCP option on a per-scope (subnet)  
basis whereas the SRV record is done once per zone (domain name).   
Any information you can provide here would be useful.

thanks,
-rohan

On Apr 4, 2008, at 10:35 AM, Matthew Kaufman wrote:
> We are developing an application which we expect to be (very)  
> widely deployed that makes client-server and peer-to-peer  
> connections over a UDP-based protocol.
>
> Enterprise customers that wish to block all UDP traffic at their  
> firewall have asked for a way to enable the use of this application  
> using some sort of proxy.
>
> TURN appears to provide the most convenient UDP-UDP proxy mechanism  
> that we've seen specs for, though this application is somewhat  
> different than "TURN server on public Internet", and thus  
> assumptions and requirements are different than that case.
>
> A handful of questions:
>
> 1. Should we be looking at something else instead? (Not SOCKS, as  
> it doesn't appear to act as a UDP-UDP proxy and appears to require  
> a fixed destination address, both incompatible with our requirements)
>
> 2. Has there been any thought given to an advisory "User Agent"  
> parameter during association? Enterprises may wish to operate an  
> unauthenticated TURN proxy for their employees, but have at least  
> some guess as to what is using it. (Note that this is also a good  
> reason for continuing to allow an unauthenticated mode of operation  
> for TURN)
>
> 3. Has there been any thought given to a DHCP option for providing  
> clients with the address of a local TURN server? (This may seem  
> exactly backwards from the STUN goal of having the server  
> independent of the enterprise network so that the "outside" address  
> may be derived, but would help our application and also could  
> support enterprise policy about which STUN/TURN server they'd like  
> their VoIP phones using)
>
> Matthew Kaufman
> matthew@matthew.at

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From behave-bounces@ietf.org  Sun Apr  6 13:59:02 2008
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Subject: Re: [BEHAVE] TURN as enterprise proxy mechanism
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Dan Wing wrote:
> http://www1.cs.columbia.edu/~lennox/udptunnel also uses fixed addresses, but
> might be useful for you.  For example, you could run a CGI on your proxy which
> called udptunnel with the necessary UDPtunnel parameters.
>
>   
Appears to also suffer from the same "one allocation talks to one far 
host/port" problem. Our application requires that a single local (or 
proxied-local) UDP port be able to talk to multiple far UDP host/port.
> A new STUN attribute could be defined for that.  But of course there
> wouldn't be any good way to authenticate its contents -- once someone
> learns that 'udp-chat-1.0' and 'quake' are both acceptable for using
> the TURN server, they'll configure other TURN-aware applications to
> put those strings into that attribute.  But if the applications and
> the users are more-or-less trusted (which is often the case with
> enterprises -- they can fire employees that subvert company policy),
> it could be helpful for traffic statistics.
>
>   
That would be the utility, exactly. It could be used in enterprises 
where employees are entirely trusted for enabling/disabling certain 
applications, and in enterprises where employees are mostly trusted for 
logging (but not access control).
>> 3. Has there been any thought given to a DHCP option for providing 
>> clients with the address of a local TURN server? 
> Nobody is working on that, but it seems reasonable to me -- it is
> more reasonable than doing a DNS SRV query to find your TURN server.
>
> A drawback with DHCP options is the years it takes to get into 
> OSs and into DHCP servers.
>   
Our application can make the DHCP query itself, and even my home 
firewall has the ability to set new custom DHCP options (unfortunately 
only top-level options, not ones that use the vendor class mechanism)

Matthew Kaufman
matthew@matthew.at
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Subject: Re: [BEHAVE] TURN as enterprise proxy mechanism
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Rohan Mahy wrote:
> Hi Mathew,
>
> I think TURN is perfectly reasonable for your application.
Thanks for the vote in favor... that gives me additional confidence that 
we're going down the right path.
>
> While you could define a new USER-AGENT or CLIENT attribute. I 
> definitely recommend against making any application unauthenticated in 
> an enterprise.  The enterprise certainly has a username/password 
> directory (possibly more than one). I would suggest just using that 
> same directory.
Some enterprises will want per-user authentication, others don't need 
it. Just as some enterprises require click-throughs or logins to use 
their outbound web proxy, and others allow all users access to the web. 
And like the web proxy, the reason TURN is even appropriate here is 
because some enterprises we've talked to feel it is more secure to 
funnel all UDP traffic for a particular application through a proxy that 
can do things like log usage than it is to just open up outbound UDP 
company-wide on the firewall.
>
> Why is DNS not working well for you? In my experience it is far easier 
> to configure and deploy a new SRV record than a new DHCP option.  You 
> have to add the DHCP option on a per-scope (subnet) basis whereas the 
> SRV record is done once per zone (domain name).  Any information you 
> can provide here would be useful.
>
We're trying to solve the same problem as WPAD (finding a proxy server 
for our client application), and DNS has the same (security) issues for 
us that it has for WPAD-using-DNS. Unless you're suggesting an SRV 
record in <applicationname>.local or something like that. Whether 
strange entries in a .local domain or new DHCP options is more likely to 
be accepted by an enterprise is an open question, though one could argue 
that at some multi-site organizations, having proxies per DHCP scope is 
more appropriate than proxies per scope-of-company-provided-DNS-resolver.

We also need this application to "do the right thing" when it is 
installed in an environment other than an enterprise that has made the 
special configurations necessary to use it, which is to say not do 
things that would annoy consumer ISPs or expose the user to bad things. 
(DNS queries to .local probably fails the first, DNS queries up the 
chain of names as WPAD tried to do certainly fails the second)

The alternative is for users in environments that need the traffic to 
pass through a TURN bottleneck to have to ues a settings dialog and/or 
edit a configuration file... we're just trying to avoid that, and 
thought that DHCP or similar auto-discovery might have already been 
explored for STUN/TURN.

Matthew Kaufman
matthew@matthew.at
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Cc: Brian Carpenter <brian.e.carpenter@gmail.com>
Subject: [BEHAVE] A Transition approach whereby NAT64s are  not neeeded
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The following draft has just been posted.

http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-despres-v6ops-apbp-00.txt

It presents an approach whereby the IPv4-to-IPv6 transition period needs
no NAT64s (only NAT44s, plus an address-port-borrowing protocol similar
to that presented by Brian Carpenter in SHANTI).

IMU, it concerns v6ops first, but has a relationship with some of the
concerns of the Behave WG.

Regards.

R=E9mi


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Subject: [BEHAVE] FW: TSVWG last call on "UDP Usage Guidelines for
	Application Designers"to BCP
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 =


-----Original Message-----
From: apps-discuss-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:apps-discuss-bounces@ietf.org] =
On
Behalf Of Magnus Westerlund
Sent: Monday, April 07, 2008 8:06 AM
To: discuss@apps.ietf.org
Subject: TSVWG last call on "UDP Usage Guidelines for Application Designers=
"to
BCP

Hi,

I would like to inform that currently TSVWG has started the WG last call
on "UDP Usage Guidelines for Application Designers"
(draft-ietf-tsvwg-udp-guidelines-06) with the intended status of BCP. It
runs until the 21st of April. If you like to provide any comments please
send them to the TSVWG mailing list (tsvwg@ietf.org).

Abstract:

    The User Datagram Protocol (UDP) provides a minimal, message-passing
    transport that has no inherent congestion control mechanisms.
    Because congestion control is critical to the stable operation of the
    Internet, applications and upper-layer protocols that choose to use
    UDP as an Internet transport must employ mechanisms to prevent
    congestion collapse and establish some degree of fairness with
    concurrent traffic.  This document provides guidelines on the use of
    UDP for the designers of such applications and upper-layer protocols.
    Congestion control guidelines are a primary focus, but the document
    also provides guidance on other topics, including message sizes,
    reliability, checksums and middlebox traversal.

http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-tsvwg-udp-guidelines-06.txt

Best Regards

Magnus Westerlund

IETF Transport Area Director & TSVWG Chair
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Multimedia Technologies, Ericsson Research EAB/TVM
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Ericsson AB                | Phone +46 8 4048287
F=E4r=F6gatan 6                | Fax   +46 8 7575550
S-164 80 Stockholm, Sweden | mailto: magnus.westerlund@ericsson.com
----------------------------------------------------------------------



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From behave-bounces@ietf.org  Mon Apr  7 11:27:24 2008
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Subject: [BEHAVE] TURN conf call Tuesday
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Just a last-minute reminder for anyone who has not already contacted  
me that the TURN conf call will take place tomorrow. Everyone who has  
contacted me should already have bridge information.

- Philip

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Subject: Re: [BEHAVE] ALTERNATE-SERVER and anycast
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After some off-line discussions, it seems the following anycast  =

procedure might work:

1. The TURN client uses ordinary TURN Allocate procedures to contact a  =

server at address X which, unbeknownst to it, is an anycast address.  =

The client can use UDP, TCP, or TLS transport. When replying, the  =

server uses anycast address X as the source address of its packets  =

(otherwise, this won't work through NATs).

2. The server uses ALTERNATE-SERVER to redirect the client to its own  =

unicast address.

3. The client doesn=92t know this is an anycast redirection, but just  =

follows ALTERNATE-SERVER rules to contact new server.

Step 1 requires that the client be able to complete a multi-packet  =

exchange with the same server. In other words, this requires that all  =

the packets from the client get delivered to the same server (and not  =

two different servers). It seems that, for the short packet exchange  =

required, this is likely but not guaranteed.

However, the client can easily detect when there is a problem.  =

Specifically:
* If UDP transport is used, then a correct transaction is: send  =

Allocate with no credentials, gets back a 401 Unauthorized, resend  =

with correct credentials, get back Allocate response. However, if the  =

second Allocate is delivered to a different server, then the second  =

server will reject with a 401 Unauthorized (or perhaps a 438 Stale  =

Nonce).
* If TCP or TLS over TCP transport is used, then the TCP connection  =

will eventually reset because the new server will not have any  =

connection state and will either reply with a TCP reset or just ignore  =

the packets.

In either of these cases, if the client simply retries the request  =

from scratch, then it will be highly likely to succeed the second time.

So with some simple rules for ALTERNATE-SERVER processing, plus a  =

little tweak to the rules for when to retry an Allocate request, it  =

seems that we may be able to get anycast to work.

Comments?

- Philip


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Subject: Re: [BEHAVE] ALTERNATE-SERVER and anycast
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A few more comments about ALTERNATE-SERVER. If anycast and redirection  
to a geographically-closer server are our intended uses for ALTERNATE- 
SERVER, then I think the more complex rules introduced in TURN-07 for  
ALTERNATE-SERVER are no longer required. Specifically, TURN-07  
proposed that ALTERNATE-SERVER could appear alongside any error code  
(not just 300 Try Alternate), which conflicts with draft-ietf-behave- 
rfc3489bis. This allowed the client to see the error code and decide  
if it wanted to retry with a modified request to the same server,  
rather than contacting the alternate server.

This was appropriate when we were thinking of ALTERNATE-SERVER as a  
way to find a server within a cluster that could handle a particular  
feature (e.g., a particularly large BANDWIDTH allocation). However,  
with the new view, this now seems less appropriate.

So I am now thinking that TURN should revert to using ALTERNATE-SERVER  
only with 300 Try Alternate, which will simplify the error processing  
rules somewhat.

The new rules would be:
* A server redirects by using error code 300 (Try Alternate) and  
including an ALTERNATE-SERVER attribute.
* The client SHOULD re-attempt the Allocate request with the alternate  
server, rather than trying the next server in the SRV list.
* That alternate server MAY redirect to a second alternate, etc,  
however the client MUST NOT try the same server twice within a 5  
minute period.
* If the chain of redirections ultimately fails, the client MAY resume  
processing the SRV list.

Comments?

- Philip




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From: Eric Rescorla <ekr@networkresonance.com>
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Subject: Re: [BEHAVE] ALTERNATE-SERVER and anycast
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At Mon, 7 Apr 2008 17:08:15 -0400,
Philip Matthews wrote:
> =

> After some off-line discussions, it seems the following anycast  =

> procedure might work:
> =

> 1. The TURN client uses ordinary TURN Allocate procedures to contact a  =

> server at address X which, unbeknownst to it, is an anycast address.  =

> The client can use UDP, TCP, or TLS transport. When replying, the  =

> server uses anycast address X as the source address of its packets  =

> (otherwise, this won't work through NATs).
> =

> 2. The server uses ALTERNATE-SERVER to redirect the client to its own  =

> unicast address.
> =

> 3. The client doesn=92t know this is an anycast redirection, but just  =

> follows ALTERNATE-SERVER rules to contact new server.
> =

> Step 1 requires that the client be able to complete a multi-packet  =

> exchange with the same server. In other words, this requires that all  =

> the packets from the client get delivered to the same server (and not  =

> two different servers). It seems that, for the short packet exchange  =

> required, this is likely but not guaranteed.
> =

> However, the client can easily detect when there is a problem.  =

> Specifically:
> * If UDP transport is used, then a correct transaction is: send  =

> Allocate with no credentials, gets back a 401 Unauthorized, resend  =

> with correct credentials, get back Allocate response. However, if the  =

> second Allocate is delivered to a different server, then the second  =

> server will reject with a 401 Unauthorized (or perhaps a 438 Stale  =

> Nonce).
> * If TCP or TLS over TCP transport is used, then the TCP connection  =

> will eventually reset because the new server will not have any  =

> connection state and will either reply with a TCP reset or just ignore  =

> the packets.
> =

> In either of these cases, if the client simply retries the request  =

> from scratch, then it will be highly likely to succeed the second time.

As I said in my comments to Hadriel, this is not guaranteed to work
if the first and third packets of the TCP handshake go to different
places (e.g., because of hash-based PPLB).

> So with some simple rules for ALTERNATE-SERVER processing, plus a  =

> little tweak to the rules for when to retry an Allocate request, it  =

> seems that we may be able to get anycast to work.
> =

> Comments?

Yes. Stop trying to fix this. If it turns out we actually need this
we can do something new later.

-Ekr


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From behave-bounces@ietf.org  Mon Apr  7 15:28:26 2008
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From: Hadriel Kaplan <HKaplan@acmepacket.com>
To: Philip Matthews <philip_matthews@magma.ca>, Behave WG <behave@ietf.org>
Date: Mon, 7 Apr 2008 18:27:33 -0400
Thread-Topic: [BEHAVE] ALTERNATE-SERVER and anycast
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This is an excellent idea, and a good compromise.
-hadriel


> -----Original Message-----
> From: Philip Matthews [mailto:philip_matthews@magma.ca]
> Sent: Monday, April 07, 2008 5:08 PM
> To: Behave WG
> Cc: Hadriel Kaplan; David R Oran; Eric Rescorla; Cullen Jennings
> Subject: Re: [BEHAVE] ALTERNATE-SERVER and anycast
>
> After some off-line discussions, it seems the following anycast
> procedure might work:
>
> 1. The TURN client uses ordinary TURN Allocate procedures to contact a
> server at address X which, unbeknownst to it, is an anycast address.
> The client can use UDP, TCP, or TLS transport. When replying, the
> server uses anycast address X as the source address of its packets
> (otherwise, this won't work through NATs).
>
> 2. The server uses ALTERNATE-SERVER to redirect the client to its own
> unicast address.
>
> 3. The client doesn't know this is an anycast redirection, but just
> follows ALTERNATE-SERVER rules to contact new server.
>
> Step 1 requires that the client be able to complete a multi-packet
> exchange with the same server. In other words, this requires that all
> the packets from the client get delivered to the same server (and not
> two different servers). It seems that, for the short packet exchange
> required, this is likely but not guaranteed.
>
> However, the client can easily detect when there is a problem.
> Specifically:
> * If UDP transport is used, then a correct transaction is: send
> Allocate with no credentials, gets back a 401 Unauthorized, resend
> with correct credentials, get back Allocate response. However, if the
> second Allocate is delivered to a different server, then the second
> server will reject with a 401 Unauthorized (or perhaps a 438 Stale
> Nonce).
> * If TCP or TLS over TCP transport is used, then the TCP connection
> will eventually reset because the new server will not have any
> connection state and will either reply with a TCP reset or just ignore
> the packets.
>
> In either of these cases, if the client simply retries the request
> from scratch, then it will be highly likely to succeed the second time.
>
> So with some simple rules for ALTERNATE-SERVER processing, plus a
> little tweak to the rules for when to retry an Allocate request, it
> seems that we may be able to get anycast to work.
>
> Comments?
>
> - Philip
>

_______________________________________________
Behave mailing list
Behave@ietf.org
https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/behave


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Subject: Re: [BEHAVE] ALTERNATE-SERVER and anycast
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> > In either of these cases, if the client simply retries the request  
> > from scratch, then it will be highly likely to succeed the 
> > second time.
> 
> As I said in my comments to Hadriel, this is not guaranteed to work
> if the first and third packets of the TCP handshake go to different
> places (e.g., because of hash-based PPLB).

PPLB = per packet load balancing, I presume.

Can you point at a per-packet load balancer that would purposefully
or accidentally (through misconfiguration) send packets with the same
5-tuple to different servers?

> > So with some simple rules for ALTERNATE-SERVER processing, plus a  
> > little tweak to the rules for when to retry an Allocate 
> > request, it  
> > seems that we may be able to get anycast to work.
> > 
> > Comments?
> 
> Yes. Stop trying to fix this. If it turns out we actually need this
> we can do something new later.

It has been brought up that we won't be able to introduce
Alternate-Server later if existing clients would ignore
it.  We could only, at that later date, use DNS to steer 
TURN clients to certain TURN servers.

-d

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On Fri, 4-Apr-08, at 06:28 , Benny Prijono wrote:
>
>
> So to put all the new options on the table (in addition to your
> previous mail in this thread):
> - Option F: allow Allocate and Refresh with multiple PEER-ADDRESS
> attributes to create/refresh permissions
> - Option G: not to provide mechanism to refresh permission alone, and
> instead force everyone to use channels (variant of option C)

Hmmm. This option has some appeal, especially since it would suggest  
that we should remove Send indications at the same time, since their  
usefulness would go down a lot. This option would solve the problem  
AND simplify the protocol.  The only drawback would be the larger  
number of channels allocated (presumably some just temporarily while  
doing ICE connectivity checks) but is this really bad?

>
> - Option H: use Send request

- Philip
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Subject: Re: [BEHAVE] ALTERNATE-SERVER and anycast
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At Mon, 7 Apr 2008 15:45:23 -0700,
Dan Wing wrote:
> 
> 
> > > In either of these cases, if the client simply retries the request  
> > > from scratch, then it will be highly likely to succeed the 
> > > second time.
> > 
> > As I said in my comments to Hadriel, this is not guaranteed to work
> > if the first and third packets of the TCP handshake go to different
> > places (e.g., because of hash-based PPLB).
> 
> PPLB = per packet load balancing, I presume.
> 
> Can you point at a per-packet load balancer that would purposefully
> or accidentally (through misconfiguration) send packets with the same
> 5-tuple to different servers?

Why is that relevant?

As I noted earlier, the issue isn't what the current network
does but rather that there is no guarantee that a future network
will not do this in the future. Designing a system that relies
on a property of the network that is not one of its architectural
invariants is bad, because it sticks people in the future with
the choice of breaking the system or retaining the invariant
even if it's no longer a good idea.


> > > So with some simple rules for ALTERNATE-SERVER processing, plus a  
> > > little tweak to the rules for when to retry an Allocate 
> > > request, it  
> > > seems that we may be able to get anycast to work.
> > > 
> > > Comments?
> > 
> > Yes. Stop trying to fix this. If it turns out we actually need this
> > we can do something new later.
> 
> It has been brought up that we won't be able to introduce
> Alternate-Server later if existing clients would ignore
> it.  We could only, at that later date, use DNS to steer 
> TURN clients to certain TURN servers.

I didn't say anything about introducing alternate server. What I 
said was that if anycast was needed in the future, we could add
that.

-Ekr
	
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> -----Original Message-----
> From: behave-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:behave-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf
> Of Dan Wing
>
> It has been brought up that we won't be able to introduce
> Alternate-Server later if existing clients would ignore
> it.  We could only, at that later date, use DNS to steer
> TURN clients to certain TURN servers.

Yes it will be much easier to know when to stop servers from doing it if the Internet routing model changes, than to know when to start doing it when it doesn't. ;)

But anyway this is whole argument is a non sequitur against ALTERNATE-SERVER.  There are other reasons for having it, regardless of anycasting.

For example:
1) Wanting to gracefully shed load temporarily from a server, and use a local alternate backup; for example to avoid service outages for a planned maintenance. (DNS caching issues would make that very difficult)
2) Having a couple load-balancers redirect clients to one of possibly hundreds of servers, without having to change DNS every time a new server is added. (e.g., think "Google")
3) Doing anycasting to servers in a physically or virtually constrained network topology; for example a 3G or 4G access provider, or a broadband provider, which can offer TURN servers to their customers while also controlling their network routing equipment.
4) Having an intelligent redirector which redirects clients based on their user/realm, or type of allocations, or whatever.  For example, if the server can do IPv4-IPv4 relaying but has a twin server which does IPv4/v6.

-hadriel
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At Mon, 7 Apr 2008 19:27:38 -0400,
Hadriel Kaplan wrote:
> 
> 
> 
> > -----Original Message-----
> > From: behave-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:behave-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf
> > Of Dan Wing
> >
> > It has been brought up that we won't be able to introduce
> > Alternate-Server later if existing clients would ignore
> > it.  We could only, at that later date, use DNS to steer
> > TURN clients to certain TURN servers.
> 
> Yes it will be much easier to know when to stop servers from doing it if the Internet routing model changes, than to know when to start doing it when it doesn't. ;)
> 
> But anyway this is whole argument is a non sequitur against ALTERNATE-SERVER.  There are other reasons for having it, regardless of anycasting.
> 
> For example:
> 1) Wanting to gracefully shed load temporarily from a server, and use a local alternate backup; for example to avoid service outages for a planned maintenance. (DNS caching issues would make that very difficult)

As several people have noted, this creates the possibility of loops. Moreover, there are
standard procedures here, namely load balancers.

> 2) Having a couple load-balancers redirect clients to one of possibly hundreds of servers, without having to change DNS every time a new server is added. (e.g., think "Google")

But of course this is not how Google works.

-Ekr
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Subject: Re: [BEHAVE] ALTERNATE-SERVER and anycast
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> -----Original Message-----
> From: behave-bounces@ietf.org 
> [mailto:behave-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of Eric Rescorla
> Sent: Monday, April 07, 2008 4:25 PM
> To: Dan Wing
> Cc: 'Behave WG'; 'David R Oran'; 'Philip Matthews'
> Subject: Re: [BEHAVE] ALTERNATE-SERVER and anycast
> 
> At Mon, 7 Apr 2008 15:45:23 -0700,
> Dan Wing wrote:
> > 
> > 
> > > > In either of these cases, if the client simply retries 
> the request  
> > > > from scratch, then it will be highly likely to succeed the 
> > > > second time.
> > > 
> > > As I said in my comments to Hadriel, this is not 
> guaranteed to work
> > > if the first and third packets of the TCP handshake go to 
> different
> > > places (e.g., because of hash-based PPLB).
> > 
> > PPLB = per packet load balancing, I presume.
> > 
> > Can you point at a per-packet load balancer that would purposefully
> > or accidentally (through misconfiguration) send packets 
> with the same
> > 5-tuple to different servers?
> 
> Why is that relevant?
> 
> As I noted earlier, the issue isn't what the current network
> does but rather that there is no guarantee that a future network
> will not do this in the future. Designing a system that relies
> on a property of the network that is not one of its architectural
> invariants is bad, because it sticks people in the future with
> the choice of breaking the system or retaining the invariant
> even if it's no longer a good idea.

ALTERNATE-SERVER does not require the TURN servers to use
anycast.  If, in some future where anycasting works 
differently, that anycasted TURN server can avoid using 
ALTERNATE-SERVER and can do something new and fancy.

Today, there appears to be at least one company
that has found anycast with TCP works:
http://www.nanog.org/mtg-0606/pdf/matt.levine.pdf 

> > > > So with some simple rules for ALTERNATE-SERVER 
> > > > processing, plus a  
> > > > little tweak to the rules for when to retry an Allocate 
> > > > request, it  
> > > > seems that we may be able to get anycast to work.
> > > > 
> > > > Comments?
> > > 
> > > Yes. Stop trying to fix this. If it turns out we actually 
> > > need this
> > > we can do something new later.
> > 
> > It has been brought up that we won't be able to introduce
> > Alternate-Server later if existing clients would ignore
> > it.  We could only, at that later date, use DNS to steer 
> > TURN clients to certain TURN servers.
> 
> I didn't say anything about introducing alternate server. What I 
> said was that if anycast was needed in the future, we could add
> that.

So you're saying we should use something other than anycast
to justify inclusion of the ALTERNATE-SERVER attribute ?

-d

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From: Hadriel Kaplan <HKaplan@acmepacket.com>
To: Eric Rescorla <ekr@networkresonance.com>
Date: Mon, 7 Apr 2008 23:24:58 -0400
Thread-Topic: [BEHAVE] ALTERNATE-SERVER and anycast
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Subject: Re: [BEHAVE] ALTERNATE-SERVER and anycast
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> -----Original Message-----
> From: Eric Rescorla [mailto:ekr@networkresonance.com]
>
> > For example:
> > 1) Wanting to gracefully shed load temporarily from a server, and use a
> local alternate backup; for example to avoid service outages for a planned
> maintenance. (DNS caching issues would make that very difficult)
>
> As several people have noted, this creates the possibility of loops.
> Moreover, there are
> standard procedures here, namely load balancers.

But I thought your argument against anycast was load-balancers could screw up how they load-balance!  (just kidding!:)

Anyway, no, load-balancers don't always work for this, if you mean of the inline variety.  They can - they just restrict things topologically.  I think you're thinking central data centers, and I'm thinking distributed PoP's/CO's, where inline load-balancers aren't always reasonably worth it.


> > 2) Having a couple load-balancers redirect clients to one of possibly
> hundreds of servers, without having to change DNS every time a new server
> is added. (e.g., think "Google")
>
> But of course this is not how Google works.

Oh I have no idea how Google works for TURN servers, and didn't mean they did. (I realize they don't work that way for HTTP servers)  I just meant one *could* do it that way.

-hadriel
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Subject: Re: [BEHAVE] ALTERNATE-SERVER and anycast
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At Mon, 7 Apr 2008 16:49:36 -0700,
Dan Wing wrote:
> 
>  
> 
> > -----Original Message-----
> > From: behave-bounces@ietf.org 
> > [mailto:behave-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of Eric Rescorla
> > Sent: Monday, April 07, 2008 4:25 PM
> > To: Dan Wing
> > Cc: 'Behave WG'; 'David R Oran'; 'Philip Matthews'
> > Subject: Re: [BEHAVE] ALTERNATE-SERVER and anycast
> > 
> > At Mon, 7 Apr 2008 15:45:23 -0700,
> > Dan Wing wrote:
> > > 
> > > 
> > > > > In either of these cases, if the client simply retries 
> > the request  
> > > > > from scratch, then it will be highly likely to succeed the 
> > > > > second time.
> > > > 
> > > > As I said in my comments to Hadriel, this is not 
> > guaranteed to work
> > > > if the first and third packets of the TCP handshake go to 
> > different
> > > > places (e.g., because of hash-based PPLB).
> > > 
> > > PPLB = per packet load balancing, I presume.
> > > 
> > > Can you point at a per-packet load balancer that would purposefully
> > > or accidentally (through misconfiguration) send packets 
> > with the same
> > > 5-tuple to different servers?
> > 
> > Why is that relevant?
> > 
> > As I noted earlier, the issue isn't what the current network
> > does but rather that there is no guarantee that a future network
> > will not do this in the future. Designing a system that relies
> > on a property of the network that is not one of its architectural
> > invariants is bad, because it sticks people in the future with
> > the choice of breaking the system or retaining the invariant
> > even if it's no longer a good idea.
> 
> ALTERNATE-SERVER does not require the TURN servers to use
> anycast.  If, in some future where anycasting works 
> differently, that anycasted TURN server can avoid using 
> ALTERNATE-SERVER and can do something new and fancy.
> 
> Today, there appears to be at least one company
> that has found anycast with TCP works:
> http://www.nanog.org/mtg-0606/pdf/matt.levine.pdf 

For the third time, now: the issue is not what currently works
but what the architecture of the Internet guarantees.


> > I didn't say anything about introducing alternate server. What I 
> > said was that if anycast was needed in the future, we could add
> > that.
> 
> So you're saying we should use something other than anycast
> to justify inclusion of the ALTERNATE-SERVER attribute ?

Uh, no.

-Ekr
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Subject: Re: [BEHAVE] ALTERNATE-SERVER and anycast
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On Apr 7, 2008, at 5:08 PM, Philip Matthews wrote:
> After some off-line discussions, it seems the following anycast  =

> procedure might work:
>
> 1. The TURN client uses ordinary TURN Allocate procedures to contact  =

> a server at address X which, unbeknownst to it, is an anycast  =

> address. The client can use UDP, TCP, or TLS transport. When  =

> replying, the server uses anycast address X as the source address of  =

> its packets (otherwise, this won't work through NATs).
>
> 2. The server uses ALTERNATE-SERVER to redirect the client to its  =

> own unicast address.
>
> 3. The client doesn=92t know this is an anycast redirection, but just  =

> follows ALTERNATE-SERVER rules to contact new server.
>
> Step 1 requires that the client be able to complete a multi-packet  =

> exchange with the same server. In other words, this requires that  =

> all the packets from the client get delivered to the same server  =

> (and not two different servers). It seems that, for the short packet  =

> exchange required, this is likely but not guaranteed.
>
> However, the client can easily detect when there is a problem.  =

> Specifically:
> * If UDP transport is used, then a correct transaction is: send  =

> Allocate with no credentials, gets back a 401 Unauthorized, resend  =

> with correct credentials, get back Allocate response. However, if  =

> the second Allocate is delivered to a different server, then the  =

> second server will reject with a 401 Unauthorized (or perhaps a 438  =

> Stale Nonce).
> * If TCP or TLS over TCP transport is used, then the TCP connection  =

> will eventually reset because the new server will not have any  =

> connection state and will either reply with a TCP reset or just  =

> ignore the packets.
>
> In either of these cases, if the client simply retries the request  =

> from scratch, then it will be highly likely to succeed the second  =

> time.
>
> So with some simple rules for ALTERNATE-SERVER processing, plus a  =

> little tweak to the rules for when to retry an Allocate request, it  =

> seems that we may be able to get anycast to work.
>
> Comments?
>
I'd far prefer a completely separate discovery exchange with UDP. If  =

the only reason we're doing this is to not delay publication of TURN,  =

I think it's a sub-optimal tradeoff. As a counter-proposal, how about  =

not supporting anycast until we have a TURN protocol enhancement  =

defined to do TURN server detection with anycast. Once we go down this  =

path I suspect the "right thing" will never happen and we'll have yet  =

another application protocol that has tight dependency on current  =

routing behavior.

DaveO.


> - Philip
>
>

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From: Cullen Jennings <fluffy@cisco.com>
To: Philip Matthews <philip_matthews@magma.ca>
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Subject: Re: [BEHAVE] ALTERNATE-SERVER and anycast
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One comment. This is not a good way to do anycast for reasons  =

previously given.

However, I would be very interested in understanding if anyone sees  =

problems with

On Apr 2, 2008, at 3:41 PM, Cullen Jennings wrote:
>
>
> 1) client is configured with TURN server of turn.example.com
>
> 2) client does an SRV lookup and finds there is no TCP service but
> there is a UDP service at 1.1.1.1
>
> 3) client sends an UDP packet to 1.1.1.1 which happens to be an
> anycast IP.
>
> 4) Some server gets this and responds with a redirect to 2.2.2.2
> along with info to use TLS. The address 2.2.2.2 is not an anycast
> address but goes to a single machine with a TURN server
>
> 5) client does TLS to 2.2.2.2. Server presents certificate with name
> turn.example.com
>
> 6) client check certificate matches the name that it has in it's
> config.
>
> This approach is susceptible to being DOSed by a well timed response
> to the UDP request to 1.1.1.1 but seemed like a risk we were willing
> to live with. Presumably some secret material would be copied from
> request in step 3 to the response in step 4 to force the attacker to
> be on-path.



On Apr 7, 2008, at 2:08 PM, Philip Matthews wrote:
> After some off-line discussions, it seems the following anycast  =

> procedure might work:
>
> 1. The TURN client uses ordinary TURN Allocate procedures to contact  =

> a server at address X which, unbeknownst to it, is an anycast  =

> address. The client can use UDP, TCP, or TLS transport. When  =

> replying, the server uses anycast address X as the source address of  =

> its packets (otherwise, this won't work through NATs).
>
> 2. The server uses ALTERNATE-SERVER to redirect the client to its  =

> own unicast address.
>
> 3. The client doesn=92t know this is an anycast redirection, but just  =

> follows ALTERNATE-SERVER rules to contact new server.
>
> Step 1 requires that the client be able to complete a multi-packet  =

> exchange with the same server. In other words, this requires that  =

> all the packets from the client get delivered to the same server  =

> (and not two different servers). It seems that, for the short packet  =

> exchange required, this is likely but not guaranteed.
>
> However, the client can easily detect when there is a problem.  =

> Specifically:
> * If UDP transport is used, then a correct transaction is: send  =

> Allocate with no credentials, gets back a 401 Unauthorized, resend  =

> with correct credentials, get back Allocate response. However, if  =

> the second Allocate is delivered to a different server, then the  =

> second server will reject with a 401 Unauthorized (or perhaps a 438  =

> Stale Nonce).
> * If TCP or TLS over TCP transport is used, then the TCP connection  =

> will eventually reset because the new server will not have any  =

> connection state and will either reply with a TCP reset or just  =

> ignore the packets.
>
> In either of these cases, if the client simply retries the request  =

> from scratch, then it will be highly likely to succeed the second  =

> time.
>
> So with some simple rules for ALTERNATE-SERVER processing, plus a  =

> little tweak to the rules for when to retry an Allocate request, it  =

> seems that we may be able to get anycast to work.
>
> Comments?
>
> - Philip
>
>

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I'm confused - you mean he is going to participate via jabber but  
can't be bothered to dial in to the phone call? If the issues is long  
distance charges you can dial out to him and bill it to Cisco.

On Mar 12, 2008, at 10:48 AM, Dan Wing wrote:
> Marc Petit-Huguenin (and perhaps other people) is participating  
> remotely, and
> jabber would be a good way to allow him to raise points during the  
> meeting.  I
> would like a volunteer or two that will be at the BEHAVE meeting to  
> also be in
> the Jabber room.  If possible, some Jabber note-taking would be  
> helpful, but
> not absolutely necessary.
>
> Thanks,
> -d
>
> _______________________________________________
> Behave mailing list
> Behave@ietf.org
> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/behave

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From: Cullen Jennings <fluffy@cisco.com>
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never mind  last email - I had the wrong date for this - I thought it  
was about todays meeting due to my email server marking all behave  
email as from today.

On Mar 12, 2008, at 10:48 AM, Dan Wing wrote:
> Marc Petit-Huguenin (and perhaps other people) is participating  
> remotely, and
> jabber would be a good way to allow him to raise points during the  
> meeting.  I
> would like a volunteer or two that will be at the BEHAVE meeting to  
> also be in
> the Jabber room.  If possible, some Jabber note-taking would be  
> helpful, but
> not absolutely necessary.
>
> Thanks,
> -d
>
> _______________________________________________
> Behave mailing list
> Behave@ietf.org
> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/behave

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Subject: Re: [BEHAVE] Jabber for upcoming Behave meeting
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Cullen Jennings wrote:
> I'm confused - you mean he is going to participate via jabber but  
> can't be bothered to dial in to the phone call? If the issues is long  
> distance charges you can dial out to him and bill it to Cisco.

What are you talking about?  This was for the IETF meeting, not the
conference call.

> 
> On Mar 12, 2008, at 10:48 AM, Dan Wing wrote:
>> Marc Petit-Huguenin (and perhaps other people) is participating  
>> remotely, and
>> jabber would be a good way to allow him to raise points during the  
>> meeting.  I
>> would like a volunteer or two that will be at the BEHAVE meeting to  
>> also be in
>> the Jabber room.  If possible, some Jabber note-taking would be  
>> helpful, but
>> not absolutely necessary.
>>
>> Thanks,
>> -d


-- 
Marc Petit-Huguenin           [                                 ]
Home: marc@petit-huguenin.org [RFC1855-compliant space for rent ]
Work: marc@8x8.com            [                                 ]
[                                                               ]
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From: Cullen Jennings <fluffy@cisco.com>
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Subject: Re: [BEHAVE] TURN: Are unauthenticated indications and ChannelData
	msgs a problem?
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I think I would need to seem more details on some of these before I  
could figure out which one looked like the best path.

On Apr 7, 2008, at 3:53 PM, Philip Matthews wrote:
>
> On Fri, 4-Apr-08, at 06:28 , Benny Prijono wrote:
>>
>>
>> So to put all the new options on the table (in addition to your
>> previous mail in this thread):
>> - Option F: allow Allocate and Refresh with multiple PEER-ADDRESS
>> attributes to create/refresh permissions
>> - Option G: not to provide mechanism to refresh permission alone, and
>> instead force everyone to use channels (variant of option C)
>
> Hmmm. This option has some appeal, especially since it would suggest
> that we should remove Send indications at the same time, since their
> usefulness would go down a lot. This option would solve the problem
> AND simplify the protocol.  The only drawback would be the larger
> number of channels allocated (presumably some just temporarily while
> doing ICE connectivity checks) but is this really bad?
>
>>
>> - Option H: use Send request
>
> - Philip
> _______________________________________________
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From: Cullen Jennings <fluffy@cisco.com>
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Cc: Behave WG <behave@ietf.org>, Philip Matthews <philip_matthews@magma.ca>
Subject: Re: [BEHAVE] TURN: Cullen's suggestion for setting the DF bit
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I'd like to discuss the implications of doing nothing on the call  
today if we can.


On Apr 3, 2008, at 9:56 PM, Hadriel Kaplan wrote:
>
> I am (probably predictably) for the KISS principle, where the last S  
> is for Server, so I would prefer option 4: not interested.
>
> -hadriel "PITA" kaplan
>
>
>> -----Original Message-----
>> From: behave-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:behave-bounces@ietf.org] On  
>> Behalf
>> Of Philip Matthews
>> Sent: Thursday, April 03, 2008 11:40 AM
>> To: Behave WG
>> Subject: Re: [BEHAVE] TURN: Cullen's suggestion for setting the DF  
>> bit
>>
>> Just a reminder that I am still interested in getting feedback on
>> these options. So far, I have only gotten one response. Not doing any
>> of these is also an option, so feel free to say "I am not interested
>> in this idea".
>> - Philip
>>
>> On Thu, 20-Mar-08, at 17:15 , Philip Matthews wrote:
>>> The proposal described in my e-mail message of 12 March (see the
>>> bottom of this message) was discussed in the BEHAVE session to  
>>> mostly
>>> favorable reception. However, Cullen suggested a modification that I
>>> would like to get input on.
>>>
>>> At presently envisioned, in a partly-compliant allocation, if the
>>> server cannot read the value of the incoming DF bit, then it SHOULD
>>> clear the DF bit on the outgoing packet. This increases the chances
>>> that a large packet will be successfully delivered to the peer (or
>>> the client). However, this also breaks Path MTU Discovery, which
>>> requires the DF bit to be set.
>>>
>>> Cullen is interested in trying to make Path MTU Discovery work even
>>> for partly-compliant allocations. Here are a couple of options for
>>> doing this:
>>>
>>> 1) [Cullen's proposal] Add a way for the client to indicate, on a  
>>> per-
>>> packet basis, that the server should set the DF bit when forwarding
>>> the user data to the peer.
>>> This would apply ONLY to Send indications, which would include a bit
>>> that specifies the setting of the DF bit. This bit could either be
>>> contained in a new attribute, or could be one of the 8 currently
>>> unused bits in the PEER-ADDRESS attribute.
>>>
>>> 2) Add a way for the client to indicate that the server should set
>>> the DF bit on ALL packets relayed by the server for this allocation.
>>> This might be done when the allocation is created, using a bit in  
>>> the
>>> REQUESTED-PROPS attribute.
>>>
>>> 3) Similar to option (2), but settable on a per-peer basis via some
>>> new to-be-defined transaction.
>>>
>>> Option (1) allows the setting on a per-packet basis, but only in the
>>> client-->peer direction. Thus the peer could not do Path MTU
>>> Discovery.
>>>
>>> Option (2) allows the peer to do Path MTU Discovery as well, but
>>> reduces somewhat the chances of a large packet getting through if  
>>> the
>>> peer chooses not do PMTUD.
>>>
>>> Option (3) sets the DF bit on a per-peer basis, which might be  
>>> useful
>>> if some peers do PMTUD and others do not. However, it is the most
>>> complex to specify, since it requires a new transaction type.
>>>
>>> What do people think of either of these options? Is anyone besides
>>> Cullen interested in this question?
>>>
>>> Personally, I am leaning slightly towards (2), but have no strong
>>> option. If no one but Cullen cares, then I will probably just drop
>>> this idea entirely.
>>>
>>> - Philip
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>> On Wed, 12-Mar-08, at 10:43 , Philip Matthews wrote:
>>>> Below is a new proposal for how to handle the IP header fields in
>>>> TURN. This proposal was developed in conjunction with Magnus, Lars,
>>>> and Jonathan. I will be discussing this proposal in the BEHAVE
>>>> meeting on Thursday.
>>>>
>>>> - Philip
>>>>
>>>>
>>>> A UDP allocation is "fully compliant with the TURN IP header
>>>> requirements" if the TURN server sets the fields in the outgoing IP
>>>> header as follows. [Note: Need a better term; suggestions welcome.]
>>>>
>>>> For IPv4:
>>>> * The TTL field is set to (incoming TTL - 1).
>>>> * The ECN field is set to the incoming ECN field UNLESS the  
>>>> server is
>>>> doing Active Queue Management, the incoming ECN field is 01 or 10,
>>>> and the server wishes to indicate that congestion has been
>>>> experienced, in which case it sets the outgoing ECN field to 11.
>>>> * The DSCP field is set to the incoming DSCP UNLESS the server,
>>>> though configuration or other means, believes that a different
>>>> setting is more appropriate.
>>>> * Various fragmentation fields (identification, fragment offset,
>>>> last/
>>>> more fragments) are set as appropriate for a packet originated by  
>>>> the
>>>> server. [Since the incoming UDP datagram must be re-assembled  
>>>> before
>>>> it can be processed].
>>>> * The DF field is set to the incoming DF field.
>>>> * The options are empty (i.e., not copied).
>>>>
>>>> For IPv6:
>>>> * The Flow Label field is set to the incoming Flow Label field
>>>> * The treatment of IPv6 extension headers is TBD.
>>>>
>>>> In addition, a "fully compliant" implementation will relay ICMP
>>>> messages between the peer and client.
>>>>
>>>>
>>>> A UDP allocation is only "partly compliant" if it does not set  
>>>> one or
>>>> more of the fields as indicated above, or does not relay ICMP
>>>> messages.
>>>>
>>>> Where possible, a "partly compliant" UDP allocation should set each
>>>> field in the outgoing IP header as described above. Where a  
>>>> specific
>>>> field cannot be set as described above, it SHOULD be set as  
>>>> described
>>>> below.
>>>>
>>>> For IPv4:
>>>> * ECN field: set to 00 (ECN not supported).
>>>> * DSCP field: set to best effort
>>>> * DF field: set to fragmentation allowed
>>>>
>>>> For IPv6:
>>>> TBD
>>>>
>>>> A client SHOULD set the fields in the IP header as directed by the
>>>> local application. If no direction is received, then the fields are
>>>> set as described under the "partly compliant" description above.
>>>>
>>>> Bit 8 (currently unused) in the REQUESTED-PROPS attribute is
>>>> redefined. If this bit is set to 1, then the client is requesting
>>>> that the allocation be fully compliant with the TURN IP header
>>>> requirements. If the server cannot provide an allocation that is
>>>> fully compliant, then the server MUST reject the allocation  
>>>> request.
>>>> It is a "Bad Request" error to set this bit when requesting a non- 
>>>> UDP
>>>> allocation.
>>>>
>>>>
>>>> When should a client request a fully-compliant allocation?
>>>> * When the client wishes to use ECN or a specific DSCP along the
>>>> entire path, OR
>>>> * When the client wishes to determine the precise Path MTU (using
>>>> Packetization Layer PMTUD).
>>>> In general, a client can use a partly-compliant allocation over  
>>>> IPv4
>>>> if the application is happy with best effort service, does not need
>>>> ECN, and sends only small packets (i.e., less than 576 - <max TURN
>>>> overhead of 32 bytes>). If the application sends larger packets,  
>>>> then
>>>> the packets may get fragmented along the way. This may result in  
>>>> the
>>>> packets being dropped along the path; for example, if fragments are
>>>> delivered out-of-order to certain NATs that do not handle out-of-
>>>> order fragments properly. If the client uses the Packetization  
>>>> Layer
>>>> PMTUD algorithm, then it may not discover the true path MTU, since
>>>> the server may not set the DF bit. In these cases, it will instead
>>>> discover the maximum packet size that will be delivered  
>>>> successfully
>>>> to the peer.
>>>> Some clients and applications that send larger packets may be  
>>>> able to
>>>> operate successfully in these situations. Others may not, and thus
>>>> require a fully-compliant allocation.
>>>> [Any other suggestions for what to say here??]
>>>>
>>>> _______________________________________________
>>>> Behave mailing list
>>>> Behave@ietf.org
>>>> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/behave
>>>>
>>>
>>> _______________________________________________
>>> Behave mailing list
>>> Behave@ietf.org
>>> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/behave
>>>
>>
>> _______________________________________________
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On Mon, Apr 7, 2008 at 11:53 PM, Philip Matthews
<philip_matthews@magma.ca> wrote:
> > - Option G: not to provide mechanism to refresh permission alone, and
> > instead force everyone to use channels (variant of option C)
>
>  Hmmm. This option has some appeal, especially since it would suggest that
> we should remove Send indications at the same time, since their usefulness
> would go down a lot. This option would solve the problem AND simplify the
> protocol.  The only drawback would be the larger number of channels
> allocated (presumably some just temporarily while doing ICE connectivity
> checks) but is this really bad?

I guess probably no, even for long term allocation. I don't suppose
people will use all the available channels simultaneously, and the 10
minutes channel life time should allow expired channels to be reused.
While this simplifies the protocol, this would make client
implementation slightly more complicated though.

Cheers
 Benny
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On Apr 8, 2008, at 8:08 AM, Marc Petit-Huguenin wrote:
> Cullen Jennings wrote:
> > I'm confused - you mean he is going to participate via jabber but
> > can't be bothered to dial in to the phone call? If the issues is  
> long
> > distance charges you can dial out to him and bill it to Cisco.
>
> What are you talking about?  This was for the IETF meeting, not the
> conference call.
>

sorry - temporary (at least I hope) insanity

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Yes, I'm sure we could do nothing on the call today, without any implications.
;)


> -----Original Message-----
> From: Cullen Jennings [mailto:fluffy@cisco.com]
>
> I'd like to discuss the implications of doing nothing on the call
> today if we can.
>
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On Tue, 8-Apr-08, at 11:18 , Benny Prijono wrote:
> On Mon, Apr 7, 2008 at 11:53 PM, Philip Matthews
> <philip_matthews@magma.ca> wrote:
>>> - Option G: not to provide mechanism to refresh permission alone,  
>>> and
>>> instead force everyone to use channels (variant of option C)
>>
>> Hmmm. This option has some appeal, especially since it would  
>> suggest that
>> we should remove Send indications at the same time, since their  
>> usefulness
>> would go down a lot. This option would solve the problem AND  
>> simplify the
>> protocol.  The only drawback would be the larger number of channels
>> allocated (presumably some just temporarily while doing ICE  
>> connectivity
>> checks) but is this really bad?
>
> I guess probably no, even for long term allocation. I don't suppose
> people will use all the available channels simultaneously, and the 10
> minutes channel life time should allow expired channels to be reused.
> While this simplifies the protocol, this would make client
> implementation slightly more complicated though.

Why would the client be more complicated, and do you think this is  
serious?

- Philip
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Subject: [BEHAVE] Minutes of TURN conf call on 8 April 2008
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Below are the preliminary minutes of the TURN conference call of 8  
April 2008. If any of the attendees think I did not properly capture  
some aspect, then please send e-mail to the mailing list.

Furthermore, if anyone who was not on the call disagrees with a  
conclusion, then please send e-mail. By IETF procedures, all
decisions must be ratified on the mailing list.

- Philip

Minutes of TURN conference call of 8 April 2008
===============================================

Attendees:
Cullen Jennings
Hadriel Kaplan
Feng Liu
Rohan Mahy
Philip Matthews
Mariano O'Kon
Benny Prijono
Eric Rescorla
Jonathan Rosenberg
Magnus Westerlund
Dan Wing


1. TWIST
Hadriel gave a presentation of his TWIST proposal, followed by a  
discussion. The conclusion was that, while TWIST may be interesting,  
it doesn't fit the requirements of TURN. In particular, TWIST has high  
encapsulation overhead (although in the meeting Hadriel suggested a  
modification to reduce the overhead) and TWIST cannot be implemented  
as an unprivileged userland process. These reasons, and  the fact that  
the completion of TURN is holding up ICE, lead everyone on the call to  
agree that we would continue with the existing TURN direction and not  
bring in ideas from TWIST.
Decision: TWIST is a separate proposal, and is not a TURN replacement.


2. TCP and TLS between the Client and the Server
It was agreed that both these transports should be kept in TURN.
For TCP, it was agreed that the motivating text will be changed to  
describe why in some environments TCP is preferred over UDP (e.g.,  
clear indication of end of flow, data exchanged only with peer of 3- 
way handshake).
For TLS, the motivating text should talk about the fact that TLS  
provides a way for the client to verify that it is talking to the  
correct server, as well as a way to prevent third parties from reading  
the TURN messages.
Action: Philip to work with Jonathan and Cullen to craft some proposed  
text that described why these transports are in TURN.


3. Setting the DF bit in "Partly-Compliant" Allocations
There was a long discussion about how Path MTU Discovery might be done  
even if the server cannot read the setting of the DF bit on incoming  
packets. A number of possible solutions were discussed, and there  
seemed to be a general conclusion that the problem was harder than it  
seemed at first glance. However, it was agreed to go with Cullen's  
proposal that TURN provide a way for the client to indicate, on a per- 
packet basis, that the DF bit should be set when sending from the  
server to the peer. It was felt that this was easy to specify and  
implement, and provided at least part of the total solution. Philip  
noted that it was probably possible to do this with an existing unused  
bit for the Send indication.
Action: Philip to send a concrete proposal to the mailing list.


4. Anycast and ALTERNATE-SERVER
There was another long discussion about anycast and ALTERNATE-SERVER.  
It was agreed that TURN would not specify all the details about how  
anycast discovery of a server would work, but just specify some  
necessary pieces. A full anycast discovery procedure could then be  
advanced as a separate document (though note that BEHAVE does not have  
a milestone for such a document).
One necessary piece is the specification of the ALTERNATE-SERVER  
semantics, and the proposal that Philip sent to the mailing
list on 7 April 2008 was accepted without comment. A second piece  
might be a change in the requirement that any response using ALTERNATE- 
SERVER be authenticated -- it was pointed out that TURN authentication  
currently authenticates the client, not the server. However, the  
participants were unable to agree on a way to fix this, and more  
discussion is required.

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Subject: Re: [BEHAVE] TURN: Are unauthenticated indications and ChannelData
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On Tue, Apr 8, 2008 at 8:18 PM, Philip Matthews
<philip_matthews@magma.ca> wrote:
>  On Tue, 8-Apr-08, at 11:18 , Benny Prijono wrote:
>
> > On Mon, Apr 7, 2008 at 11:53 PM, Philip Matthews
> > <philip_matthews@magma.ca> wrote:
> >
> > >
> > > > - Option G: not to provide mechanism to refresh permission alone, and
> > > > instead force everyone to use channels (variant of option C)
> > > >
> > >
> > > Hmmm. This option has some appeal, especially since it would suggest
> that
> > > we should remove Send indications at the same time, since their
> usefulness
> > > would go down a lot. This option would solve the problem AND simplify
> the
> > > protocol.  The only drawback would be the larger number of channels
> > > allocated (presumably some just temporarily while doing ICE connectivity
> > > checks) but is this really bad?
> > >
> >
> > I guess probably no, even for long term allocation. I don't suppose
> > people will use all the available channels simultaneously, and the 10
> > minutes channel life time should allow expired channels to be reused.
> > While this simplifies the protocol, this would make client
> > implementation slightly more complicated though.
> >
>
>  Why would the client be more complicated, and do you think this is serious?
>

Few questions that I have in mind e.g.
 - should client ChannelBind to all remote candidates before starting
any connectivity checks, or one by one upon sending the first check
using the relay so that there's a gap between ChannelBind requests. (I
tend to say the later).
 - If it does the later, should the ICE check be embedded inside
ChannelBind (assuming ChannelBind can carry DATA), or in separate
ChannelData. (I tend to prefer the later)
 - If the later, what will happen to the first ChannelData's, would it
be wiser to sent them immediately after ChannelBind request, or to
drop them until client receives ChannelBind response? (I think i would
just send ChannelData right after ChannelBind and hope for the best.)
 - And what should (an ICE) client do if ChannelBind fails? (I think
I'll mark the check as failed.)

Not sure how serious that would be, but my feeling is it's implementable.

cheers
 -benny
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On Tue, Apr 8, 2008 at 9:06 PM, Philip Matthews
<philip_matthews@magma.ca> wrote:
>  3. Setting the DF bit in "Partly-Compliant" Allocations
>  There was a long discussion about how Path MTU Discovery might be done
>  even if the server cannot read the setting of the DF bit on incoming
>  packets. A number of possible solutions were discussed, and there
>  seemed to be a general conclusion that the problem was harder than it
>  seemed at first glance. However, it was agreed to go with Cullen's
>  proposal that TURN provide a way for the client to indicate, on a per-
>  packet basis, that the DF bit should be set when sending from the
>  server to the peer. It was felt that this was easy to specify and
>  implement, and provided at least part of the total solution. Philip
>  noted that it was probably possible to do this with an existing unused
>  bit for the Send indication.
>  Action: Philip to send a concrete proposal to the mailing list.
>

Sorry I missed the discussion when people said this would be difficult
to implement as extension. I mean why something like these couldn't be
made to work?:
 - clients that require server to do DF extension would include a
mandatory REQUIRE-DF attribute in Allocate request.
 - server that wants to indicate DF extension support would include a
non-mandatory SUPPORT-DF in its Allocate response.

The benefit of this approach (apart from that it's a separate draft)
are server implementors doesn't have to implement this if they don't
care, and client will know for sure if server implements it.

cheers
 -benny
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From behave-bounces@ietf.org  Wed Apr  9 06:24:15 2008
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Whoops! I forgot to include Derek MacDonald in the list of attendees.
- Philip

On Tue, 8-Apr-08, at 16:06 , Philip Matthews wrote:
>
> Minutes of TURN conference call of 8 April 2008
> ===============================================
>
> Attendees:
> Cullen Jennings
> Hadriel Kaplan
> Feng Liu

>
> Rohan Mahy
> Philip Matthews
> Mariano O'Kon
> Benny Prijono
> Eric Rescorla
> Jonathan Rosenberg
> Magnus Westerlund
> Dan Wing

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On Tue, 8-Apr-08, at 19:17 , Benny Prijono wrote:
> On Tue, Apr 8, 2008 at 9:06 PM, Philip Matthews
> <philip_matthews@magma.ca> wrote:
>> 3. Setting the DF bit in "Partly-Compliant" Allocations
>> There was a long discussion about how Path MTU Discovery might be  
>> done
>> even if the server cannot read the setting of the DF bit on incoming
>> packets. A number of possible solutions were discussed, and there
>> seemed to be a general conclusion that the problem was harder than it
>> seemed at first glance. However, it was agreed to go with Cullen's
>> proposal that TURN provide a way for the client to indicate, on a  
>> per-
>> packet basis, that the DF bit should be set when sending from the
>> server to the peer. It was felt that this was easy to specify and
>> implement, and provided at least part of the total solution. Philip
>> noted that it was probably possible to do this with an existing  
>> unused
>> bit for the Send indication.
>> Action: Philip to send a concrete proposal to the mailing list.
>>
>
> Sorry I missed the discussion when people said this would be difficult
> to implement as extension. I mean why something like these couldn't be
> made to work?:
> - clients that require server to do DF extension would include a
> mandatory REQUIRE-DF attribute in Allocate request.
> - server that wants to indicate DF extension support would include a
> non-mandatory SUPPORT-DF in its Allocate response.
>
> The benefit of this approach (apart from that it's a separate draft)
> are server implementors doesn't have to implement this if they don't
> care, and client will know for sure if server implements it.

We could do this. There is already a REQUESTED-PROPS attribute which I  
would suggest using rather than a new REQUIRE-DF attribute.

However, I think the sense of the call was that a flag requesting the  
DF bit be sent on sending would be easy to implement, much easier than  
adding a "REQUIRE-DF" mechanism. The sense of the call is almost every  
OS provides an API to set the DF bit.

- Philip


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On Wed, Apr 9, 2008 at 2:33 PM, Philip Matthews
<philip_matthews@magma.ca> wrote:
> > Sorry I missed the discussion when people said this would be difficult
> > to implement as extension. I mean why something like these couldn't be
> > made to work?:
> > - clients that require server to do DF extension would include a
> > mandatory REQUIRE-DF attribute in Allocate request.
> > - server that wants to indicate DF extension support would include a
> > non-mandatory SUPPORT-DF in its Allocate response.
> >
> > The benefit of this approach (apart from that it's a separate draft)
> > are server implementors doesn't have to implement this if they don't
> > care, and client will know for sure if server implements it.
> >
>
>  We could do this. There is already a REQUESTED-PROPS attribute which I
> would suggest using rather than a new REQUIRE-DF attribute.

Yes if we put this in the main spec.

>  However, I think the sense of the call was that a flag requesting the DF
> bit be sent on sending would be easy to implement, much easier than adding a
> "REQUIRE-DF" mechanism. The sense of the call is almost every OS provides an
> API to set the DF bit.

Okay. I just thought that if this would burden the development of the
main spec (you seem to have quite a lot of stuffs to do!) then we have
the option to put this as extension.

Thanks
 Benny


>  - Philip
>
>
>
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Subject: Re: [BEHAVE] TURN: Are unauthenticated indications and ChannelData
	msgs a problem?
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On Tue, 8-Apr-08, at 18:52 , Benny Prijono wrote:
> On Tue, Apr 8, 2008 at 8:18 PM, Philip Matthews
> <philip_matthews@magma.ca> wrote:
>> On Tue, 8-Apr-08, at 11:18 , Benny Prijono wrote:
>>
>>> On Mon, Apr 7, 2008 at 11:53 PM, Philip Matthews
>>> <philip_matthews@magma.ca> wrote:
>>>
>>>>
>>>>> - Option G: not to provide mechanism to refresh permission  
>>>>> alone, and
>>>>> instead force everyone to use channels (variant of option C)
>>>>>
>>>>
>>>> Hmmm. This option has some appeal, especially since it would  
>>>> suggest
>> that
>>>> we should remove Send indications at the same time, since their
>> usefulness
>>>> would go down a lot. This option would solve the problem AND  
>>>> simplify
>> the
>>>> protocol.  The only drawback would be the larger number of channels
>>>> allocated (presumably some just temporarily while doing ICE  
>>>> connectivity
>>>> checks) but is this really bad?
>>>>
>>>
>>> I guess probably no, even for long term allocation. I don't suppose
>>> people will use all the available channels simultaneously, and the  
>>> 10
>>> minutes channel life time should allow expired channels to be  
>>> reused.
>>> While this simplifies the protocol, this would make client
>>> implementation slightly more complicated though.
>>>
>>
>> Why would the client be more complicated, and do you think this is  
>> serious?
>>
>
> Few questions that I have in mind e.g.
> - should client ChannelBind to all remote candidates before starting
> any connectivity checks, or one by one upon sending the first check
> using the relay so that there's a gap between ChannelBind requests. (I
> tend to say the later).

I would suggest doing the former as it eliminates the concerns in your  
next two points below. Furthermore, it will make the ICE checks run  
faster -- one of the things that makes ICE checks slow is waiting for  
both ends to install the necessary permissions to get connectivity- 
check packets through.

>
> - If it does the later, should the ICE check be embedded inside
> ChannelBind (assuming ChannelBind can carry DATA), or in separate
> ChannelData. (I tend to prefer the later)

The latter is what we have today, and with my comment above, I don't  
currently see any reason to change it.

>
> - If the later, what will happen to the first ChannelData's, would it
> be wiser to sent them immediately after ChannelBind request, or to
> drop them until client receives ChannelBind response? (I think i would
> just send ChannelData right after ChannelBind and hope for the best.)

For a TURN candidate, I might consider binding the channel as part of  
the candidate gathering process. This ensures the binding is completed  
before the checks start and eliminates any concern about the binding  
not being ready when sending a connectivity check packet.


>
> - And what should (an ICE) client do if ChannelBind fails? (I think
> I'll mark the check as failed.)

If it fails for anything other than an authentication challenge, then  
I think you probably want to abort the entire allocation and try  
again, because this probably means there is something out of sync  
between the client and the server.

- Philip
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Subject: Re: [BEHAVE] TURN: Are unauthenticated indications and ChannelData
 msgs a problem?
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Phillip:
 > For a TURN candidate, I might consider binding the channel
 > as part of the candidate gathering process. This ensures
 > the binding is completed before the checks start and eliminates
 > any concern about the binding not being ready when sending a
 > connectivity check packet.

For protocols like the one we have developed (that we're planning on 
using TURN with) there is no "candidate gathering process", and so the 
extra round trip required for a channel binding becomes a time penalty 
on each session establishment. We would recommend against removing the 
existing send indication mechanism.

Matthew Kaufman
matthew@matthew.at


ps. Does anyone have an implementation of the latest draft that we can 
test our client against? What we've found so far appears to be at least 
one draft old. We will have very wide distribution when we ship, so we 
would prefer to be as close as possible to the final standard.

pps. I don't seem to be able to subscribe to the mailing list via the 
web or email interface,.. is the approver on vacation or am I doing 
something wrong?

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Subject: [BEHAVE] TURN-07 implementation (was Re: TURN: Are unauthenticated
	indications and ChannelData msgs a problem?)
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On Thu, Apr 10, 2008 at 5:00 PM, Matthew Kaufman <matthew@matthew.at> wrote:
>  ps. Does anyone have an implementation of the latest draft that we can test
> our client against? What we've found so far appears to be at least one draft
> old. We will have very wide distribution when we ship, so we would prefer to
> be as close as possible to the final standard.

We have open source implementation of TURN-07 client and server in
http://www.pjsip.org.

Cheers
 Benny
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On Apr 8, 2008, at 2:06 PM, Philip Matthews wrote:
> One necessary piece is the specification of the ALTERNATE-SERVER
> semantics, and the proposal that Philip sent to the mailing
> list on 7 April 2008 was accepted without comment.

Uhmm - I don't think that proposal specified enough to agree or  
disagree with. I would not view it as accepted.

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On Mar 19, 2008, at 8:38 AM, Philip Matthews wrote:
>
> On Mon, 17-Mar-08, at 18:24 , Adam Roach wrote:
>
>> I've done a lot of thinking on the "multiple relayed connections
>> over a
>> single Client-Relay connection" problem over the weekend, and I  
>> have a
>> modest proposal that is, at the very least, easy to implement.
>>
>> It seems that the problem arises from a fundamental mismatch
>> between the
>> way that clients interact with relays, and the way that TCP listeners
>> generally behave. For example, consider the way the sockets interface
>> handles TCP server connections: applications create a socket
>> descriptor
>> and listen() on it. When a new incoming connection is made, the
>> listen()
>> call returns a *new* socket descriptor, which the applications then
>> performs read() and write() operations on.
>>
>> Now, what we're really trying to do with TCP TURN is provide remote
>> access to this kind of resource model. The problem arises when we
>> try to
>> take the original socket (the listen() socket) and multiplex its
>> information with multiple other sockets (the read() and write()
>> sockets)
>> on a single TCP connection.
>>
>> So what I'm proposing is: don't.
>>
>> In other words: to listen for incoming TCP connections, TURN clients
>> would establish a TCP connection to the relay (roughly
>> corresponding to
>> the listen() socket) that serves as a control channel. When a remote
>> peer connects, the Connection Status Indication (ESTABLISHED) would
>> include a new attribute, which contains a cookie. The user then
>> connects
>> to the relay using a new TCP connection, authenticates, and then  
>> sends
>> the cookie in a request of some kind (perhaps we re-use CONNECT for
>> this; perhaps we use a new message type). From that point forward,
>> this
>> new connection is used to ferry information to and from the remote
>> peer
>> connection.
>>
>> I recognize that this generally ends up taking twice as many
>> connections; I think that there is room for optimization on top of  
>> the
>> basic theme (e.g., dropping the control connection when listening
>> is no
>> longer necessary), but wanted to know whether there would be any
>> support
>> for this *kind* of approach before I spent too much time polishing  
>> the
>> corners down.
>
> The TURN-TCP authors considered this approach. I developed a proposal
> similar to the one you are proposing and argued for it.
>
> As I recall, we dropped this one because it didn't work well with
> ICE. The client would end up establishing a lot of temporary TCP
> connections to the server that would then be dropped.

I'm being dense and don't understand why this doesn't work well with  
ICE. Can you explain?

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At Tue, 8 Apr 2008 16:06:00 -0400,
Philip Matthews wrote:
> 4. Anycast and ALTERNATE-SERVER
> There was another long discussion about anycast and ALTERNATE-SERVER.  
> It was agreed that TURN would not specify all the details about how  
> anycast discovery of a server would work, but just specify some  
> necessary pieces. A full anycast discovery procedure could then be  
> advanced as a separate document (though note that BEHAVE does not have  
> a milestone for such a document).
> One necessary piece is the specification of the ALTERNATE-SERVER  
> semantics, and the proposal that Philip sent to the mailing
> list on 7 April 2008 was accepted without comment.

I don't recall this, nor does it make sense without the authentication
issue being complete.

> A second piece  
> might be a change in the requirement that any response using ALTERNATE- 
> SERVER be authenticated -- it was pointed out that TURN authentication  
> currently authenticates the client, not the server. However, the  
> participants were unable to agree on a way to fix this, and more  
> discussion is required.


-Ekr

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> -----Original Message-----
> From: behave-bounces@ietf.org 
> [mailto:behave-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of Cullen Jennings
> Sent: Thursday, April 10, 2008 8:11 PM
> To: Philip Matthews
> Cc: 'Behave WG'
> Subject: Re: [BEHAVE] TCP TURN Multiplexing Issue
> 
> 
> On Mar 19, 2008, at 8:38 AM, Philip Matthews wrote:
> >
> > On Mon, 17-Mar-08, at 18:24 , Adam Roach wrote:
> >
> >> I've done a lot of thinking on the "multiple relayed connections
> >> over a
> >> single Client-Relay connection" problem over the weekend, and I  
> >> have a
> >> modest proposal that is, at the very least, easy to implement.
> >>
> >> It seems that the problem arises from a fundamental mismatch
> >> between the
> >> way that clients interact with relays, and the way that 
> TCP listeners
> >> generally behave. For example, consider the way the 
> sockets interface
> >> handles TCP server connections: applications create a socket
> >> descriptor
> >> and listen() on it. When a new incoming connection is made, the
> >> listen()
> >> call returns a *new* socket descriptor, which the applications then
> >> performs read() and write() operations on.
> >>
> >> Now, what we're really trying to do with TCP TURN is provide remote
> >> access to this kind of resource model. The problem arises when we
> >> try to
> >> take the original socket (the listen() socket) and multiplex its
> >> information with multiple other sockets (the read() and write()
> >> sockets)
> >> on a single TCP connection.
> >>
> >> So what I'm proposing is: don't.
> >>
> >> In other words: to listen for incoming TCP connections, 
> TURN clients
> >> would establish a TCP connection to the relay (roughly
> >> corresponding to
> >> the listen() socket) that serves as a control channel. 
> When a remote
> >> peer connects, the Connection Status Indication (ESTABLISHED) would
> >> include a new attribute, which contains a cookie. The user then
> >> connects
> >> to the relay using a new TCP connection, authenticates, and then  
> >> sends
> >> the cookie in a request of some kind (perhaps we re-use CONNECT for
> >> this; perhaps we use a new message type). From that point forward,
> >> this
> >> new connection is used to ferry information to and from the remote
> >> peer
> >> connection.
> >>
> >> I recognize that this generally ends up taking twice as many
> >> connections; I think that there is room for optimization 
> on top of  
> >> the
> >> basic theme (e.g., dropping the control connection when listening
> >> is no
> >> longer necessary), but wanted to know whether there would be any
> >> support
> >> for this *kind* of approach before I spent too much time 
> polishing  
> >> the
> >> corners down.
> >
> > The TURN-TCP authors considered this approach. I developed 
> a proposal
> > similar to the one you are proposing and argued for it.
> >
> > As I recall, we dropped this one because it didn't work well with
> > ICE. The client would end up establishing a lot of temporary TCP
> > connections to the server that would then be dropped.
> 
> I'm being dense and don't understand why this doesn't work well with  
> ICE. Can you explain?

Here is the analysis:
<analysis>

Let's say you receive four a=candidate lines from your peer.  You 
prioritize the list of candidates, as specified in ICE.  You start
doing connectivity checks (basically, the priority is:  local 
candidates, STUN'd candidates, TURN'd candidates).  You do those
following the pacing rules (to not flood the network).

If, as you are doing your connectivity checks, none of them is 
succeeding so far, you will eventually get so low in your priority
list to need to use your TURN server to do the four connectivity
checks.  


Now, the two different designs:

* If the design of TURN requires a new TCP connection for each of
those four connectivity checks, you have four TCP 3-way handshakes
to the TURN server.  

* If the design of TURN requires only one TCP connection for each
of those four connectivity checks, you can send the connectivity
checks inside of TCP.  I would assume, because you're running
over TCP, you are already TCP-friendly so the connectivity 
checks would not need to be paced.
</analysis>


It is certainly worth discussing if establishing the separate 
TCP connections is 'bad', especially compared to how 'bad' it is
to multiplex several TCP connections over one TCP connection.

-d

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From: "Dan Wing" <dwing@cisco.com>
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Subject: [BEHAVE] Nortel's updated IPR on RFC3489
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As you may recall, in January Nortel issued IPR declarations for
draft-ietf-behave-nat-behavior-discovery and RFC3489,
http://www.ietf.org/mail-archive/web/behave/current/msg03150.html


I received word that Nortel has updated their license regarding RFC3489,
https://datatracker.ietf.org/ipr/937/

-d

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Ok, then comment away on the proposal.
- Philip

On Fri, 11-Apr-08, at 11:30 , Eric Rescorla wrote:
> At Tue, 8 Apr 2008 16:06:00 -0400,
> Philip Matthews wrote:
>> 4. Anycast and ALTERNATE-SERVER
>> There was another long discussion about anycast and ALTERNATE-SERVER.
>> It was agreed that TURN would not specify all the details about how
>> anycast discovery of a server would work, but just specify some
>> necessary pieces. A full anycast discovery procedure could then be
>> advanced as a separate document (though note that BEHAVE does not  
>> have
>> a milestone for such a document).
>> One necessary piece is the specification of the ALTERNATE-SERVER
>> semantics, and the proposal that Philip sent to the mailing
>> list on 7 April 2008 was accepted without comment.
>
> I don't recall this, nor does it make sense without the authentication
> issue being complete.
>
>> A second piece
>> might be a change in the requirement that any response using  
>> ALTERNATE-
>> SERVER be authenticated -- it was pointed out that TURN  
>> authentication
>> currently authenticates the client, not the server. However, the
>> participants were unable to agree on a way to fix this, and more
>> discussion is required.
>
>
> -Ekr
>
> _______________________________________________
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Subject: [BEHAVE] A few minor comments on
	draft-ietf-behave-nat-behavior-discovery-03
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I know this comes after WGLC, but here are a few minor comments on  
this draft. Note that I haven't finished reading the document, but I  
am sending these out now in case they are helpful.

- Philip


* The wording of this draft seems to imply that it is an experimental  
extension to draft-ietf-behave-rfc3489bis (and not, for example, RFC  
3489). Perhaps it would be good to make a definite statement about  
this in the introduction section?

* From the draft:
4.2.  Determining NAT Mapping Behavior

    This will require at most three tests.  In test I, the client
    performs the UDP connectivity test.  The server will return its
    alternate address and port in OTHER-ADDRESS in the binding response.
    If OTHER-ADDRESS is not returned, the server does not support this
    usage and this test cannot be run.  The client examines the XOR-
    MAPPED-ADDRESS attribute.  If this address and port are the same as
    the local IP address and port of the socket used to send the  
request,
    the client knows that it is not NATed and the effective mapping will
    be Endpoint-Independent.

What about the case of cascaded NATs where the address gets reused in  
a different addressing domain? This will give the wrong result.

This failure seems different than some other failures in that it is  
not the NAT that is "faking out" the test, but rather a consequence of  
the network topology.


* Is section 4 normative or informative?

* From the draft:
      the server. Therefore, a client MUST be prepared for receiving a  
420
s/for receiving/to receive/

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Subject: Re: [BEHAVE] TCP TURN Multiplexing Issue
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On Apr 11, 2008, at 10:55 AM, Dan Wing wrote:
>
>
>> -----Original Message-----
>> From: behave-bounces@ietf.org
>> [mailto:behave-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of Cullen Jennings
>> Sent: Thursday, April 10, 2008 8:11 PM
>> To: Philip Matthews
>> Cc: 'Behave WG'
>> Subject: Re: [BEHAVE] TCP TURN Multiplexing Issue
>>
>>
>> On Mar 19, 2008, at 8:38 AM, Philip Matthews wrote:
>>>
>>> On Mon, 17-Mar-08, at 18:24 , Adam Roach wrote:
>>>
>>>> I've done a lot of thinking on the "multiple relayed connections
>>>> over a
>>>> single Client-Relay connection" problem over the weekend, and I
>>>> have a
>>>> modest proposal that is, at the very least, easy to implement.
>>>>
>>>> It seems that the problem arises from a fundamental mismatch
>>>> between the
>>>> way that clients interact with relays, and the way that
>> TCP listeners
>>>> generally behave. For example, consider the way the
>> sockets interface
>>>> handles TCP server connections: applications create a socket
>>>> descriptor
>>>> and listen() on it. When a new incoming connection is made, the
>>>> listen()
>>>> call returns a *new* socket descriptor, which the applications then
>>>> performs read() and write() operations on.
>>>>
>>>> Now, what we're really trying to do with TCP TURN is provide remote
>>>> access to this kind of resource model. The problem arises when we
>>>> try to
>>>> take the original socket (the listen() socket) and multiplex its
>>>> information with multiple other sockets (the read() and write()
>>>> sockets)
>>>> on a single TCP connection.
>>>>
>>>> So what I'm proposing is: don't.
>>>>
>>>> In other words: to listen for incoming TCP connections,
>> TURN clients
>>>> would establish a TCP connection to the relay (roughly
>>>> corresponding to
>>>> the listen() socket) that serves as a control channel.
>> When a remote
>>>> peer connects, the Connection Status Indication (ESTABLISHED) would
>>>> include a new attribute, which contains a cookie. The user then
>>>> connects
>>>> to the relay using a new TCP connection, authenticates, and then
>>>> sends
>>>> the cookie in a request of some kind (perhaps we re-use CONNECT for
>>>> this; perhaps we use a new message type). From that point forward,
>>>> this
>>>> new connection is used to ferry information to and from the remote
>>>> peer
>>>> connection.
>>>>
>>>> I recognize that this generally ends up taking twice as many
>>>> connections; I think that there is room for optimization
>> on top of
>>>> the
>>>> basic theme (e.g., dropping the control connection when listening
>>>> is no
>>>> longer necessary), but wanted to know whether there would be any
>>>> support
>>>> for this *kind* of approach before I spent too much time
>> polishing
>>>> the
>>>> corners down.
>>>
>>> The TURN-TCP authors considered this approach. I developed
>> a proposal
>>> similar to the one you are proposing and argued for it.
>>>
>>> As I recall, we dropped this one because it didn't work well with
>>> ICE. The client would end up establishing a lot of temporary TCP
>>> connections to the server that would then be dropped.
>>
>> I'm being dense and don't understand why this doesn't work well with
>> ICE. Can you explain?
>
> Here is the analysis:
> <analysis>
>
> Let's say you receive four a=candidate lines from your peer.  You
> prioritize the list of candidates, as specified in ICE.  You start
> doing connectivity checks (basically, the priority is:  local
> candidates, STUN'd candidates, TURN'd candidates).  You do those
> following the pacing rules (to not flood the network).
>
> If, as you are doing your connectivity checks, none of them is
> succeeding so far, you will eventually get so low in your priority
> list to need to use your TURN server to do the four connectivity
> checks.
>
>
> Now, the two different designs:
>
> * If the design of TURN requires a new TCP connection for each of
> those four connectivity checks, you have four TCP 3-way handshakes
> to the TURN server.
>
> * If the design of TURN requires only one TCP connection for each
> of those four connectivity checks, you can send the connectivity
> checks inside of TCP.  I would assume, because you're running
> over TCP, you are already TCP-friendly so the connectivity
> checks would not need to be paced.
> </analysis>
>
>
> It is certainly worth discussing if establishing the separate
> TCP connections is 'bad', especially compared to how 'bad' it is
> to multiplex several TCP connections over one TCP connection.
>
> -d
>

Thanks -  I see what you are saying. I'm not sure how bad it is.  
Fundamentally ICE forms a ton of connections that don't get used so  
not sure how much different I see these than others. Would be  
ntersting to see more results on this.


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Subject: Re: [BEHAVE] ALTERNATE-SERVER and anycast
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Hadriel Kaplan wrote:
> I am in still in favor of it, specifically for anycast support.

Sorry for such a late comment, still I'm hopeful better late than never.
I think use of anycast in this context may be useful and we shall not
preclude it in any way. There are surveys showing that from the
application point of view, instability (affinity) is a marginal issue.
See Ballani, Francis, Rtnsasamy: Measurement-based Deployment
Proposal for IP Anycast; Sigcomm 2006. I have seen similar observations
in other publications, alas I can't recall those right nowl.

-jiri


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Subject: Re: [BEHAVE] ALTERNATE-SERVER and anycast
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Eric Rescorla wrote:
> At Thu, 3 Apr 2008 12:11:16 -0400,
> Hadriel Kaplan wrote:
>>
>>
>>> -----Original Message-----
>>> From: Eric Rescorla [mailto:ekr@networkresonance.com]
>>>
>>> At Thu, 3 Apr 2008 09:21:23 -0400,
>>> Philip Matthews wrote:
>>>> I am still trying to dig into the reasons the experts think that multi-
>>>> packet exchanges won't work. My initial reaction is exactly the same
>>>> as yours.
>>> There's nothing complicated here:
>>> The Internet routing system does not guarantee that two packets
>>> sent to the same anycast address from the same source address
>>> will be delivered to the same destination. To the extent to which
>>> it's currently the case that that usually happens, that's an
>>> artifact of today's routing systems. It's bad practice to design
>>> new systems such that they depend on this behavior, because we
>>> may wish to change it in the future.
>> I think they will find all kinds of crap breaking if they try to
>> change that behavior (people do far worse with anycasts than what
>> we're proposing),
> 
> Yes, but at their own risk. That's different from us encouraging it.
> 
> 
>> but ok - would graceful detection and avoidance of
>> such a case resolve this?
>>
>> Like if it's using TCP/TLS, then it's possible the connection
>> establishment will fail, or it's possible a sent request will reset
>> the connection, but that is possible regardless of anycast and needs
>> to be handled.
> 
> Right, but it's possible that this will *never* work.
> 
> Consider a load balancing system that has two paths and uses a packet
> hash to determine which path it will take. If the SYN and the SYN/ACK
> end up on different paths, then anycast will totally break the system.
> You'll not be able to form a TCP connection at all.

See my previous email -- it is a risk known empirically to be low.
I'm inclined to conclude to support it with a "use at your own risk"
disclaimer. Those who can benefit of it should be warned but not
precluded from using it.

> 
> Maybe I'm missing something, but why use anycast at this layer at
> all. Wouldn't it be easier to have the TURN servers be unicast and use
> anycast (or just load balanced) DNS resolution instead, with different
> servers giving different responses?

That's not 100% perfect either as the DNS resolver from TURN server's
perspective may or may not be the actual client, whose proximity is
sought. Some publications suggest that practically this is mostly
fine. (Chen, Lim, Katz, Overton: on the stability of network distance
estimation, sigmetric perf. eval. rev. 2002)

-jiri

> 
> -Ekr
> 
> 
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Subject: Re: [BEHAVE] ALTERNATE-SERVER and anycast
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Eric Rescorla wrote:
> At Mon, 7 Apr 2008 16:49:36 -0700,
> Dan Wing wrote:
>>  
>>
>>> -----Original Message-----
>>> From: behave-bounces@ietf.org 
>>> [mailto:behave-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of Eric Rescorla
>>> Sent: Monday, April 07, 2008 4:25 PM
>>> To: Dan Wing
>>> Cc: 'Behave WG'; 'David R Oran'; 'Philip Matthews'
>>> Subject: Re: [BEHAVE] ALTERNATE-SERVER and anycast
>>>
>>> At Mon, 7 Apr 2008 15:45:23 -0700,
>>> Dan Wing wrote:
>>>>
>>>>>> In either of these cases, if the client simply retries 
>>> the request  
>>>>>> from scratch, then it will be highly likely to succeed the 
>>>>>> second time.
>>>>> As I said in my comments to Hadriel, this is not 
>>> guaranteed to work
>>>>> if the first and third packets of the TCP handshake go to 
>>> different
>>>>> places (e.g., because of hash-based PPLB).
>>>> PPLB = per packet load balancing, I presume.
>>>>
>>>> Can you point at a per-packet load balancer that would purposefully
>>>> or accidentally (through misconfiguration) send packets 
>>> with the same
>>>> 5-tuple to different servers?
>>> Why is that relevant?
>>>
>>> As I noted earlier, the issue isn't what the current network
>>> does but rather that there is no guarantee that a future network
>>> will not do this in the future. Designing a system that relies
>>> on a property of the network that is not one of its architectural
>>> invariants is bad, because it sticks people in the future with
>>> the choice of breaking the system or retaining the invariant
>>> even if it's no longer a good idea.
>> ALTERNATE-SERVER does not require the TURN servers to use
>> anycast.  If, in some future where anycasting works 
>> differently, that anycasted TURN server can avoid using 
>> ALTERNATE-SERVER and can do something new and fancy.
>>
>> Today, there appears to be at least one company
>> that has found anycast with TCP works:
>> http://www.nanog.org/mtg-0606/pdf/matt.levine.pdf 
> 
> For the third time, now: the issue is not what currently works
> but what the architecture of the Internet guarantees.


I have made an interesting observation with the Internet: NATs, one of 
the topics of interest of this working group, have never been part of a 
guaranteed Internet architecture, they have been always the thing that 
currently works. I would be worried to underestimate this kind of things.

> 
> 
>>> I didn't say anything about introducing alternate server. What I 
>>> said was that if anycast was needed in the future, we could add
>>> that.
>> So you're saying we should use something other than anycast
>> to justify inclusion of the ALTERNATE-SERVER attribute ?
> 
> Uh, no.

So what's the actual suggestion?

Thanks,

-jiri

> 
> -Ekr
> _______________________________________________
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Date: Tue, 15 Apr 2008 15:04:39 -0700
From: Eric Rescorla <ekr@networkresonance.com>
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Subject: Re: [BEHAVE] ALTERNATE-SERVER and anycast
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At Tue, 15 Apr 2008 23:25:56 +0200,
Jiri Kuthan wrote:
> 
> Eric Rescorla wrote:
> > At Thu, 3 Apr 2008 12:11:16 -0400,
> > Hadriel Kaplan wrote:
> >>
> >>
> >>> -----Original Message-----
> >>> From: Eric Rescorla [mailto:ekr@networkresonance.com]
> >>>
> >>> At Thu, 3 Apr 2008 09:21:23 -0400,
> >>> Philip Matthews wrote:
> >>>> I am still trying to dig into the reasons the experts think that multi-
> >>>> packet exchanges won't work. My initial reaction is exactly the same
> >>>> as yours.
> >>> There's nothing complicated here:
> >>> The Internet routing system does not guarantee that two packets
> >>> sent to the same anycast address from the same source address
> >>> will be delivered to the same destination. To the extent to which
> >>> it's currently the case that that usually happens, that's an
> >>> artifact of today's routing systems. It's bad practice to design
> >>> new systems such that they depend on this behavior, because we
> >>> may wish to change it in the future.
> >> I think they will find all kinds of crap breaking if they try to
> >> change that behavior (people do far worse with anycasts than what
> >> we're proposing),
> > 
> > Yes, but at their own risk. That's different from us encouraging it.
> > 
> > 
> >> but ok - would graceful detection and avoidance of
> >> such a case resolve this?
> >>
> >> Like if it's using TCP/TLS, then it's possible the connection
> >> establishment will fail, or it's possible a sent request will reset
> >> the connection, but that is possible regardless of anycast and needs
> >> to be handled.
> > 
> > Right, but it's possible that this will *never* work.
> > 
> > Consider a load balancing system that has two paths and uses a packet
> > hash to determine which path it will take. If the SYN and the SYN/ACK
> > end up on different paths, then anycast will totally break the system.
> > You'll not be able to form a TCP connection at all.
> 
> See my previous email -- it is a risk known empirically to be low.
> I'm inclined to conclude to support it with a "use at your own risk"
> disclaimer. Those who can benefit of it should be warned but not
> precluded from using it.

Once again, the relevant question isn't whether this works in the
current network but whether it's guaranteed to work by the Internet
routing architecture. The answer to *that* question is "No", and
hence this is architecturally unsound.

-Ekr



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Subject: Re: [BEHAVE] ALTERNATE-SERVER and anycast
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Eric Rescorla wrote:
> At Tue, 15 Apr 2008 23:25:56 +0200,
> Jiri Kuthan wrote:
>> Eric Rescorla wrote:
>>> At Thu, 3 Apr 2008 12:11:16 -0400,
>>> Hadriel Kaplan wrote:
>>>>
>>>>> -----Original Message-----
>>>>> From: Eric Rescorla [mailto:ekr@networkresonance.com]
>>>>>
>>>>> At Thu, 3 Apr 2008 09:21:23 -0400,
>>>>> Philip Matthews wrote:
>>>>>> I am still trying to dig into the reasons the experts think that multi-
>>>>>> packet exchanges won't work. My initial reaction is exactly the same
>>>>>> as yours.
>>>>> There's nothing complicated here:
>>>>> The Internet routing system does not guarantee that two packets
>>>>> sent to the same anycast address from the same source address
>>>>> will be delivered to the same destination. To the extent to which
>>>>> it's currently the case that that usually happens, that's an
>>>>> artifact of today's routing systems. It's bad practice to design
>>>>> new systems such that they depend on this behavior, because we
>>>>> may wish to change it in the future.
>>>> I think they will find all kinds of crap breaking if they try to
>>>> change that behavior (people do far worse with anycasts than what
>>>> we're proposing),
>>> Yes, but at their own risk. That's different from us encouraging it.
>>>
>>>
>>>> but ok - would graceful detection and avoidance of
>>>> such a case resolve this?
>>>>
>>>> Like if it's using TCP/TLS, then it's possible the connection
>>>> establishment will fail, or it's possible a sent request will reset
>>>> the connection, but that is possible regardless of anycast and needs
>>>> to be handled.
>>> Right, but it's possible that this will *never* work.
>>>
>>> Consider a load balancing system that has two paths and uses a packet
>>> hash to determine which path it will take. If the SYN and the SYN/ACK
>>> end up on different paths, then anycast will totally break the system.
>>> You'll not be able to form a TCP connection at all.
>> See my previous email -- it is a risk known empirically to be low.
>> I'm inclined to conclude to support it with a "use at your own risk"
>> disclaimer. Those who can benefit of it should be warned but not
>> precluded from using it.
> 
> Once again, the relevant question isn't whether this works in the
> current network but whether it's guaranteed to work by the Internet
> routing architecture. The answer to *that* question is "No", and
> hence this is architecturally unsound.

I respectfully disagree this argument makes a case (or even as many 
cases as many times it is repeated :-) ... I really read your point.).

The Internet is what it is and not what it is thought to be.
The NAT story, where IETF for the "guaranteed Internet architecture" 
reasons chose to ignore NATs, to find later they form the Internet more 
than an "architecture" may be a great eye-opening experience for anyone. 
Particularly with respect to the VoIP area, skype actually began to be 
the Internet application with running code whereas SIP began to be kind 
of architectural stuff.

I think empirical grounded publications, of which you have been given 
two references, show best what the Internet really is. In particular, 
they show that what is believed to be architectural problem doesn't 
occur with running code. I personally consider this research a very 
sound foundation for protocol design, and I don't think it can be 
challenged on the grounds of some routing architectures.

-jiri




> 
> -Ekr
> 
> 
> 

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Date: Wed, 16 Apr 2008 07:25:30 -0700
From: Eric Rescorla <ekr@networkresonance.com>
To: Jiri Kuthan <jiri@iptel.org>
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Subject: Re: [BEHAVE] ALTERNATE-SERVER and anycast
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At Wed, 16 Apr 2008 08:47:14 +0200,
Jiri Kuthan wrote:
> 
> Eric Rescorla wrote:
> > Once again, the relevant question isn't whether this works in the
> > current network but whether it's guaranteed to work by the Internet
> > routing architecture. The answer to *that* question is "No", and
> > hence this is architecturally unsound.
> 
> I respectfully disagree this argument makes a case (or even as many 
> cases as many times it is repeated :-) ... I really read your point.).

You're entitled to your opinion, but since you're just repeating
your point again, there's no reason why I should expect it to 
be convincing.


> The Internet is what it is and not what it is thought to be.
> The NAT story, where IETF for the "guaranteed Internet architecture" 
> reasons chose to ignore NATs, to find later they form the Internet more 
> than an "architecture" may be a great eye-opening experience for anyone. 

Yes, strangely as a long-time participant, I'm quite aware of NATs.
I don't think that invalidates my point.


> I think empirical grounded publications, of which you have been given 
> two references, show best what the Internet really is. In particular, 
> they show that what is believed to be architectural problem doesn't 
> occur with running code.

You claim you read my point, but you don't seem to understand it.  The
architectural point isn't that it happens with the current code, but
that if we assume that this is the only behavior that can happen, we
create a new invariant that will then constrain all future Internet
routing system design. Go sell the routing area that that's cool
and then we'll talk.

-Ekr






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From: "Spencer Dawkins" <spencer@wonderhamster.org>
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Subject: Re: [BEHAVE] ALTERNATE-SERVER and anycast
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I THINK I understand what's being said in this thread.

Just to up-level one notch, is there any reason that we have to mention TCP 
anycast at all in this specification?

Thanks,

Spencer 


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Subject: Re: [BEHAVE] ALTERNATE-SERVER and anycast
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Eric Rescorla wrote:
> At Wed, 16 Apr 2008 08:47:14 +0200,
> Jiri Kuthan wrote:
>> Eric Rescorla wrote:
>>> Once again, the relevant question isn't whether this works in the
>>> current network but whether it's guaranteed to work by the Internet
>>> routing architecture. The answer to *that* question is "No", and
>>> hence this is architecturally unsound.
>> I respectfully disagree this argument makes a case (or even as many 
>> cases as many times it is repeated :-) ... I really read your point.).
> 
> You're entitled to your opinion, but since you're just repeating
> your point again, there's no reason why I should expect it to 
> be convincing.
> 
> 
>> The Internet is what it is and not what it is thought to be.
>> The NAT story, where IETF for the "guaranteed Internet architecture" 
>> reasons chose to ignore NATs, to find later they form the Internet more 
>> than an "architecture" may be a great eye-opening experience for anyone. 
> 
> Yes, strangely as a long-time participant, I'm quite aware of NATs.
> I don't think that invalidates my point.
> 
> 
>> I think empirical grounded publications, of which you have been given 
>> two references, show best what the Internet really is. In particular, 
>> they show that what is believed to be architectural problem doesn't 
>> occur with running code.
> 
> You claim you read my point, but you don't seem to understand it.  The
> architectural point isn't that it happens with the current code, but
> that if we assume that this is the only behavior that can happen, we
> create a new invariant that will then constrain all future Internet
> routing system design. 

I don't think I misunderstand your point, I just mean that 
"architectural" arguments are weak as whole in lieu of running code 
doing things in a different way and being reserched by founded 
publications. If running code delivers and its measurement give us a 
different picture than an "architecture", there is then apparently 
something wrong in the "architecture".

Also, I don't think anyone was mandating here a requirement to do 
anycast. Instead, the suggestion here was to allow TURN to do it for 
those who wish to. I'm failing to see how allowing the anycast option in 
TURN can "constrain all future Internet routing system designs". It 
would be most helpful if you could elaborate on this.

Go sell the routing area that that's cool
> and then we'll talk.


Really rhetorics is not any helpful. It would be most helpful if you 
could continue this conversation by providing supporting arguments

-jiri
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From: Eric Rescorla <ekr@networkresonance.com>
To: Jiri Kuthan <jiri@iptel.org>
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Subject: Re: [BEHAVE] ALTERNATE-SERVER and anycast
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At Wed, 16 Apr 2008 17:25:49 +0200,
Jiri Kuthan wrote:
> 
> Eric Rescorla wrote:
> > At Wed, 16 Apr 2008 08:47:14 +0200,
> > Jiri Kuthan wrote:
> >> I think empirical grounded publications, of which you have been given 
> >> two references, show best what the Internet really is. In particular, 
> >> they show that what is believed to be architectural problem doesn't 
> >> occur with running code.
> > 
> > You claim you read my point, but you don't seem to understand it.  The
> > architectural point isn't that it happens with the current code, but
> > that if we assume that this is the only behavior that can happen, we
> > create a new invariant that will then constrain all future Internet
> > routing system design. 
> 
> I don't think I misunderstand your point, I just mean that 
> "architectural" arguments are weak as whole in lieu of running code 
> doing things in a different way and being reserched by founded 
> publications. If running code delivers and its measurement give us a 
> different picture than an "architecture", there is then apparently 
> something wrong in the "architecture".

I'm sorry, but this is simply not true. 

There is already existing hardware that breaks the invariants that
anycast TCP relies on. Moreover, there are known cases where its
useful to deploy such techniques. The fact that those techniques are
not currently in wide use does not mean that it's a good idea to
design systems that would preclude their use in the future.

The fact that you have measurements indicating that this is not a
widespread problem with the current designs is, frankly,
irrelevant. Using the argument you're advancing, I could as easily
argue that it was perfectly fine to build a system that relied on
grabbing all of 2/24, since after all nobody is using it right now.
An important part of good architecture is thinking about how
systems might be used in the future, not just how they are
used now.


> Also, I don't think anyone was mandating here a requirement to do 
> anycast. Instead, the suggestion here was to allow TURN to do it for 
> those who wish to. I'm failing to see how allowing the anycast option in 
> TURN can "constrain all future Internet routing system designs". It 
> would be most helpful if you could elaborate on this.

I should have thought it would be fairly obvious. If, in
the future, we wish to deploy a routing system that breaks
the invariants that allows anycast TCP to function, we'll
hear from people that "oh, we need anycast TCP to work, so
you can't do that". It will have become a new invariant.

Given that there are plenty of alternatives that do not have
this side effect, designing a system which does is bad architecture.


> Really rhetorics is not any helpful. It would be most helpful if you 
> could continue this conversation by providing supporting arguments

It's not rhetoric. This document has to pass IESG review. Have
you asked them what they think about using anycast in this way?
      
-Ekr


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From: Hadriel Kaplan <HKaplan@acmepacket.com>
To: Behave WG <behave@ietf.org>
Date: Wed, 16 Apr 2008 14:52:33 -0400
Thread-Topic: ALTERNATE-SERVER inclusion
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Subject: [BEHAVE] ALTERNATE-SERVER inclusion
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I think we can ignore and avoid any debate about what ALTERNATE_SERVER may be used for if, as Spencer suggested and I thought as we talked about on the last call, we only discuss its anycast-specific use for UDP.  The Alt-server response may also be used for TCP, for other reasons, but we would discourage Anycasting-use of TCP in particular in the RFC.

With regards to using it for anycast, I know we debated it on the call, but I don't know why a simple UDP query-response without extraneous authentication isn't sufficient.  Yes, the server can be spoofed by a malicious attacker, such that the client goes somewhere it shouldn't.  Seems to me we have that with DNS too. Oh well.  It's up to the client if it wants to accept it or not.

We can always define a DNSSEC-style mechanism for TURN in the future; for example the server responds with some signature over the Alt-server address, so it can keep the signature statically without recomputing it every query, and the client can verify the signature by pulling a cert through TURN or HTTP from somewhere, etc., etc.  We don't need to do that for this TURN draft though, imho.

Would that be acceptable?

-hadriel
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Subject: Re: [BEHAVE] ALTERNATE-SERVER and anycast
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Eric Rescorla wrote:
> At Wed, 16 Apr 2008 17:25:49 +0200,
> Jiri Kuthan wrote:
>> Eric Rescorla wrote:
>>> At Wed, 16 Apr 2008 08:47:14 +0200,
>>> Jiri Kuthan wrote:
>>>> I think empirical grounded publications, of which you have been given 
>>>> two references, show best what the Internet really is. In particular, 
>>>> they show that what is believed to be architectural problem doesn't 
>>>> occur with running code.
>>> You claim you read my point, but you don't seem to understand it.  The
>>> architectural point isn't that it happens with the current code, but
>>> that if we assume that this is the only behavior that can happen, we
>>> create a new invariant that will then constrain all future Internet
>>> routing system design. 
>> I don't think I misunderstand your point, I just mean that 
>> "architectural" arguments are weak as whole in lieu of running code 
>> doing things in a different way and being reserched by founded 
>> publications. If running code delivers and its measurement give us a 
>> different picture than an "architecture", there is then apparently 
>> something wrong in the "architecture".
> 
> I'm sorry, but this is simply not true. 
> 
> There is already existing hardware that breaks the invariants that
> anycast TCP relies on. Moreover, there are known cases where its
> useful to deploy such techniques. The fact that those techniques are
> not currently in wide use does not mean that it's a good idea to
> design systems that would preclude their use in the future.

Would you mind being more specific? It would be helpful to learn what 
type of equipment gets broken or breaks something else here. I mean some 
DNS root servers do anycast for a good reason and with good success. 
(This is really not 2/24 -- this is quite well understood *running 
code*.) Personally, if I was to choose between putting effort into 
supporting a case that is known and an unknown one and these two were 
for sure mutually exclusive, I would obviously prefer the former.

> The fact that you have measurements indicating that this is not a
> widespread problem with the current designs is, frankly,
> irrelevant. Using the argument you're advancing, I could as easily
> argue that it was perfectly fine to build a system that relied on
> grabbing all of 2/24, since after all nobody is using it right now.
> An important part of good architecture is thinking about how
> systems might be used in the future, not just how they are
> used now.

Admittedly, future-proof design is good-to-have.
However, I'm still not understanding how allowing for anycast in TURN 
would break <something> (whatever <something> ought to stand for) in the 
future. IMO, at worst, it can break itself, i.e., the TURN uses that 
chose to use anycast (even though I doubt that failure rate would be 
concerning based on the DNS/anycast reports).

It would be different if for example someone suggested that to 
accomodate anycast-based use-cases the Internet must have a new 
invariant, which is stable delivery of anycast traffic to a single 
destination. I don't think such a weak suggestion or similar has been 
made. In the field, all known anycast uses have taken this into account, 
  limit themselves to shortly-lived transactions with minimum context, 
and can cope with errors.

In fact, I believe that there are more applications than DNS that can 
benefit of anycast. anycast-powered TURN is particularly appealing to 
ASPs who are seeking to move RTP relays (or SBCs if you wish to) close 
to at least one of SIP call parties. (I guess that was the case Hadriel 
had in his mind; at least I do.)


> 
> 
>> Also, I don't think anyone was mandating here a requirement to do 
>> anycast. Instead, the suggestion here was to allow TURN to do it for 
>> those who wish to. I'm failing to see how allowing the anycast option in 
>> TURN can "constrain all future Internet routing system designs". It 
>> would be most helpful if you could elaborate on this.
> 
> I should have thought it would be fairly obvious. If, in
> the future, we wish to deploy a routing system that breaks
> the invariants that allows anycast TCP to function, we'll
> hear from people that "oh, we need anycast TCP to work, so
> you can't do that". It will have become a new invariant.

Possibly we might have found the disconnect.
It is very agreeable that it makes little or actually no sense to demand 
TCP to function over anycast as good as over unicast. I don't think 
anyone is demanding this though. The residual risk with routing 
instability indeed remains there, it has proven marginal, and is to be 
traded off and entered at one's own risk for those who are willing to do so.

Concerns about some suggesting something like a "fixed anycast routing" 
are IMO of educational nature, and if considered important, may be well 
addressed by IP-tutorials and other educational material documenting 
possible risks. Which appears to be out-of-scope of this debate for me.


> Given that there are plenty of alternatives that do not have
> this side effect, designing a system which does is bad architecture.

Actually I don't think the other alternative are equal. One of the key 
motivations for use of TURN with anycast is getting a service 
close-to-client (or at least not-getting-a-service-far-from-client). A 
survey of such may be found for example in "Freedman LAsksminarayanan, 
Mazieres: OASIS, Anycast for Any Service" (OASIS itself is based on 
anycast). Many of them typically rely on creating a "map of the 
Internet" (which has its own cans of worms), or rely on specialized 
clients (which may be in fact architecturally sounder, but quite hard to 
deploy with widely available clients).

> 
> 
>> Really rhetorics is not any helpful. It would be most helpful if you 
>> could continue this conversation by providing supporting arguments
> 
> It's not rhetoric. This document has to pass IESG review. Have
> you asked them what they think about using anycast in this way?

It would be a surprise to me if participants of the IESG review were not 
on this mailing list.

-jiri

>       
> -Ekr
> 
> 

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Subject: Re: [BEHAVE] ALTERNATE-SERVER inclusion
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> -----Original Message-----
> From: behave-bounces@ietf.org 
> [mailto:behave-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of Hadriel Kaplan
> Sent: Wednesday, April 16, 2008 11:53 AM
> To: Behave WG
> Cc: woody@pch.net; David R Oran; Mark@core3.amsl.com; Ward; 
> David@core3.amsl.com; Townsley
> Subject: [BEHAVE] ALTERNATE-SERVER inclusion
> 
> I think we can ignore and avoid any debate about what 
> ALTERNATE_SERVER may be used for if, as Spencer suggested and 
> I thought as we talked about on the last call, we only 
> discuss its anycast-specific use for UDP.  The Alt-server 
> response may also be used for TCP, for other reasons, but we 
> would discourage Anycasting-use of TCP in particular in the RFC.
> 
> With regards to using it for anycast, I know we debated it on 
> the call, but I don't know why a simple UDP query-response 
> without extraneous authentication isn't sufficient.  Yes, the 
> server can be spoofed by a malicious attacker, such that the 
> client goes somewhere it shouldn't. 

Such an attacker would have to know (or guess) the 96-bit
transaction id and know the client's source UDP port.

> Seems to me we have that with DNS too.  Oh well.  It's up to 
> the client if it wants to accept it or not.

Works for me.

And in the future if/when DNSSEC is deployed and TURN needs stronger
authentication (on par with DNSSEC), stronger authentication of
Alternate-Server could be added to TURN.  For example, in this DNSSEC future,
one mechanism would be for the TURN server to return a new attribute which
signs (part or all of) the STUN response with the TURN server's private key.
The TURN client could obtain the TURN server's public key via a
(DNSSEC-signed) DNS record.  That would allow the DNS server and the TURN
server to remain idempotent, and allow anycast to continue to be used.

-d

> We can always define a DNSSEC-style mechanism for TURN in the 
> future; for example the server responds with some signature 
> over the Alt-server address, so it can keep the signature 
> statically without recomputing it every query, and the client 
> can verify the signature by pulling a cert through TURN or 
> HTTP from somewhere, etc., etc.  We don't need to do that for 
> this TURN draft though, imho.
> 
> Would that be acceptable?
> 
> -hadriel
> _______________________________________________
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Subject: Re: [BEHAVE] ALTERNATE-SERVER inclusion
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Hadriel Kaplan wrote:
> I think we can ignore and avoid any debate about what ALTERNATE_SERVER may be used for if, as Spencer suggested and I thought as we talked about on the last call, we only discuss its anycast-specific use for UDP.  The Alt-server response may also be used for TCP, for other reasons, but we would discourage Anycasting-use of TCP in particular in the RFC.
> 
> With regards to using it for anycast, I know we debated it on the call, but I don't know why a simple UDP query-response without extraneous authentication isn't sufficient.  Yes, the server can be spoofed by a malicious attacker, such that the client goes somewhere it shouldn't.  Seems to me we have that with DNS too. Oh well.  It's up to the client if it wants to accept it or not.
> 
> We can always define a DNSSEC-style mechanism for TURN in the future; for example the server responds with some signature over the Alt-server address, so it can keep the signature statically without recomputing it every query, and the client can verify the signature by pulling a cert through TURN or HTTP from somewhere, etc., etc.  We don't need to do that for this TURN draft though, imho.
> 
> Would that be acceptable?

perfectly for me. -jiri

> 
> -hadriel
> _______________________________________________
> Behave mailing list
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Subject: Re: [BEHAVE] ALTERNATE-SERVER and anycast
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Spencer Dawkins wrote:
> I THINK I understand what's being said in this thread.
> 
> Just to up-level one notch, is there any reason that we have to mention TCP 
> anycast at all in this specification?

I don't think so.

-jiri

> 
> Thanks,
> 
> Spencer 
> 
> 
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Date: Thu, 17 Apr 2008 00:22:52 -0700 (PDT)
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Subject: Re: [BEHAVE] ALTERNATE-SERVER and anycast
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      On Wed, 16 Apr 2008, Eric Rescorla wrote:
    > There is already existing hardware that breaks the invariants that
    > anycast TCP relies on. Moreover, there are known cases where its
    > useful to deploy such techniques. The fact that those techniques are
    > not currently in wide use does not mean that it's a good idea to
    > design systems that would preclude their use in the future.

Eric, could you catch me up on what it is that you guys are arguing about?

It may not be obvious, from a developer's perspective, how widely-used 
anycast is, and has been, since it's transparent to code and 
middle-of-the-network configuration.  Anything that breaks anycast tends 
to be ejected from the network very quickly, because any users behind it 
dislike not having, for instance, working root nameservers, or software 
downloads.  So it's not an accident that things that don't work in the 
real world don't exist much in the real world, it's natural selection.

                                -Bill

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We would like to propose using 0x8030 for "User Agent", with the value as a UTF-8 string which identifies a particular client application. This would be to support logging at the TURN server, and to allow enterprise TURN boxes to allow/block usage by checking this string. (Note that it may easily be forged, but in an enterprise environment applications which forge the User Agent can be banned as a matter of policy, employees terminated for using them, etc.)

Comments?

Matthew Kaufman

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From behave-bounces@ietf.org  Fri Apr 18 12:03:13 2008
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From: Philip Matthews <philip_matthews@magma.ca>
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Subject: Re: [BEHAVE] STUN/TURN "User Agent"
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What is the purpose of this attribute? Is it to identify exactly which  
client has asked for the allocation?

What about using the USERNAME attribute for this purpose? That is,  
require every client to have a unique USERNAME? If every client had a  
unique username and password, then I think this would give you what  
you want, and would not be forge-able either.

- Philip


On Fri, 18-Apr-08, at 00:02 , Matthew Kaufman wrote:
> We would like to propose using 0x8030 for "User Agent", with the  
> value as a UTF-8 string which identifies a particular client  
> application. This would be to support logging at the TURN server,  
> and to allow enterprise TURN boxes to allow/block usage by checking  
> this string. (Note that it may easily be forged, but in an  
> enterprise environment applications which forge the User Agent can  
> be banned as a matter of policy, employees terminated for using  
> them, etc.)
>
> Comments?
>
> Matthew Kaufman
>
>

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From behave-bounces@ietf.org  Fri Apr 18 19:56:36 2008
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Subject: Re: [BEHAVE] STUN/TURN "User Agent"
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User Agent is (like the same field in an HTTP header) independent of the 
Username and describes the client application (rather than the user or 
particular instance of that application). For example, I might have a 
Username of "matthew" but a User Agent of "Acme Softphone 1.0" for one 
client application I use, and a Username of "matthew" and a different 
User Agent of "Newco Messenger" for a different client application.

This allows for logging of which client applications are using a 
particular proxy, simplifies debugging if particular client applications 
have issues not experienced by other client applications, and in closed 
ecosystems (e.g., enterprise DMZ-based proxies) might be used to allow 
certain approved client applications.

By the way, I am now able to say that the software we are developing 
that we know will be widely distributed is in fact the next version of 
the Adobe Flash Player, and we intend to use TURN to allow our new 
UDP-based network protocol to work in enterprise environments that have 
UDP blocked but want to enable applications based on the new networking 
capabilities we are adding. We would be happiest if the subset of TURN 
we ship to everyone for this purpose ends up matching what is in the 
final specification of the protocol.

Matthew Kaufman

Philip Matthews wrote:
> What is the purpose of this attribute? Is it to identify exactly which 
> client has asked for the allocation?
>
> What about using the USERNAME attribute for this purpose? That is, 
> require every client to have a unique USERNAME? If every client had a 
> unique username and password, then I think this would give you what 
> you want, and would not be forge-able either.
>
> - Philip
>
>
> On Fri, 18-Apr-08, at 00:02 , Matthew Kaufman wrote:
>> We would like to propose using 0x8030 for "User Agent", with the 
>> value as a UTF-8 string which identifies a particular client 
>> application. This would be to support logging at the TURN server, and 
>> to allow enterprise TURN boxes to allow/block usage by checking this 
>> string. (Note that it may easily be forged, but in an enterprise 
>> environment applications which forge the User Agent can be banned as 
>> a matter of policy, employees terminated for using them, etc.)
>>
>> Comments?
>>
>> Matthew Kaufman
>>
>>
>

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From behave-bounces@ietf.org  Mon Apr 21 07:09:22 2008
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From: Philip Matthews <philip_matthews@magma.ca>
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Subject: Re: [BEHAVE] STUN/TURN "User Agent"
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 From a narrow technical perspective, I can see how your proposed  
field differs from Username. However, is it not likely that Adobe will  
set up its own set of TURN servers to support its Flash Player which  
will differ from the TURN servers set up by Acme for their "Acme  
Softphone 1.0"?  So in practice is there going to be a difference?

Note that I could see a difference if Adobe starts shipping multiple  
different client types and you want to distinguish between them.  
However, I don't get the sense that this is what you want to do (but  
perhaps I am wrong).

Anyone else have any comments on Matthew's proposal?

- Philip

BTW, I would be tempted to rename the attribute to "Client", given  
that the term "User Agent" doesn't exist in TURN.

On Fri, 18-Apr-08, at 22:56 , Matthew Kaufman wrote:
> User Agent is (like the same field in an HTTP header) independent of  
> the Username and describes the client application (rather than the  
> user or particular instance of that application). For example, I  
> might have a Username of "matthew" but a User Agent of "Acme  
> Softphone 1.0" for one client application I use, and a Username of  
> "matthew" and a different User Agent of "Newco Messenger" for a  
> different client application.
>
> This allows for logging of which client applications are using a  
> particular proxy, simplifies debugging if particular client  
> applications have issues not experienced by other client  
> applications, and in closed ecosystems (e.g., enterprise DMZ-based  
> proxies) might be used to allow certain approved client applications.
>
> By the way, I am now able to say that the software we are developing  
> that we know will be widely distributed is in fact the next version  
> of the Adobe Flash Player, and we intend to use TURN to allow our  
> new UDP-based network protocol to work in enterprise environments  
> that have UDP blocked but want to enable applications based on the  
> new networking capabilities we are adding. We would be happiest if  
> the subset of TURN we ship to everyone for this purpose ends up  
> matching what is in the final specification of the protocol.
>
> Matthew Kaufman
>
> Philip Matthews wrote:
>> What is the purpose of this attribute? Is it to identify exactly  
>> which client has asked for the allocation?
>>
>> What about using the USERNAME attribute for this purpose? That is,  
>> require every client to have a unique USERNAME? If every client had  
>> a unique username and password, then I think this would give you  
>> what you want, and would not be forge-able either.
>>
>> - Philip
>>
>>
>> On Fri, 18-Apr-08, at 00:02 , Matthew Kaufman wrote:
>>> We would like to propose using 0x8030 for "User Agent", with the  
>>> value as a UTF-8 string which identifies a particular client  
>>> application. This would be to support logging at the TURN server,  
>>> and to allow enterprise TURN boxes to allow/block usage by  
>>> checking this string. (Note that it may easily be forged, but in  
>>> an enterprise environment applications which forge the User Agent  
>>> can be banned as a matter of policy, employees terminated for  
>>> using them, etc.)
>>>
>>> Comments?
>>>
>>> Matthew Kaufman
>>>
>>>
>>
>
>

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Subject: Re: [BEHAVE] STUN/TURN "User Agent"
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Philip Matthews wrote:
> From a narrow technical perspective, I can see how your proposed field 
> differs from Username. However, is it not likely that Adobe will set 
> up its own set of TURN servers to support its Flash Player which will 
> differ from the TURN servers set up by Acme for their "Acme Softphone 
> 1.0"?  So in practice is there going to be a difference?
>
This is a completely different use case of a TURN server, as I've 
mentioned before. The "Internet" use case, and the one I think everyone 
thinks of when they think of STUN/TURN is that a telephony service 
provider would deploy a TURN service on the Internet for use by their 
clients. They would want to restrict the use of their TURN proxies to 
their paying customers, and thus want strong username/password 
authentication. It is also unlikely, as a result, that one service 
provider's software or firmware would be using the TURN servers of 
another service provider, until "white-label" service providers become 
more common. Such providers might in fact want User Agent parameter in 
order to more clearly differentiate between which software or hardware 
is using their service.

The "enterprise" use case (the one we are targeting) is that an 
enterprise would deploy one or more TURN servers in their DMZ in order 
to proxy certain UDP-using applications to the outside of their firewall 
in a controlled fashion. (This is just like the old days of web 
proxying, where enterprises weren't comfortable with opening up port 80 
directly and didn't have transparent proxy features available from their 
firewall vendors.) (This is also where my earlier query about locating 
such an enterprise TURN proxy via DHCP comes from)

In the enterprise case, Adobe doesn't set up its own set of TURN servers 
to support Flash Player... rather, Company XYZ sets up TURN servers to 
support applications that need to get through the firewall, and allows 
their employees to use Flash Player (but might not allow them to use 
some other UDP-using application that also supports TURN, as a matter of 
policy). Now, it might be the case that an enterprise also uses the 
Username field along with their LDAP servers to individually 
authenticate certain employees who are allowed to use the TURN server... 
but this is different than wanting to log which applications are using 
the TURN server, or allow/deny based on which application it is. Again, 
in an enterprise environment, an application could claim to be something 
it isn't, but employees can get fired for downloading and running such a 
thing.

> Note that I could see a difference if Adobe starts shipping multiple 
> different client types and you want to distinguish between them. 
> However, I don't get the sense that this is what you want to do (but 
> perhaps I am wrong).
>
No. While we will likely use different variations on the User Agent 
string for other applications we ship that use our new UDP-based network 
protocol and which will need a proxy mechanism, it isn't because we will 
be setting up a globally-accessible service that needs to know... it 
would just be so that enterprise IT departments can meet their logging 
requirements.

Please remember that we're talking about large organizations who need to 
do things like get their proxy services signed off by the people doing 
their Sarbanes-Oxley compliance audits, and that is where the 
requirement that applications using the proxy be identified for logging 
purposes comes from.
>
> BTW, I would be tempted to rename the attribute to "Client", given 
> that the term "User Agent" doesn't exist in TURN.
I think that "Client" is somewhat more ambiguous, but I'm not attached 
to the name, just making sure we have a place we can send such a value.

Matthew Kaufman
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Subject: Re: [BEHAVE] STUN/TURN "User Agent"
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> -----Original Message-----
> From: behave-bounces@ietf.org 
> [mailto:behave-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of Philip Matthews
> Sent: Monday, April 21, 2008 7:07 AM
> To: matthew@matthew.at
> Cc: Behave WG
> Subject: Re: [BEHAVE] STUN/TURN "User Agent"
> 
>  From a narrow technical perspective, I can see how your proposed  
> field differs from Username. However, is it not likely that 
> Adobe will  
> set up its own set of TURN servers to support its Flash Player which  
> will differ from the TURN servers set up by Acme for their "Acme  
> Softphone 1.0"?  So in practice is there going to be a difference?
> 
> Note that I could see a difference if Adobe starts shipping multiple  
> different client types and you want to distinguish between them.  
> However, I don't get the sense that this is what you want to do (but  
> perhaps I am wrong).
> 
> Anyone else have any comments on Matthew's proposal?
> 
> - Philip
> 
> BTW, I would be tempted to rename the attribute to "Client", given  
> that the term "User Agent" doesn't exist in TURN.

I note that rfc3489bis has a free-form text field called SERVER which serves a
purpose very similar to what Matthew wants for the client.
<http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-behave-rfc3489bis-15#section-15.10>
reads:

   15.10. SERVER

   The server attribute contains a textual description of the software
   being used by the server, including manufacturer and version number.
   The attribute has no impact on operation of the protocol, and serves
   only as a tool for diagnostic and debugging purposes.  The value of
   SERVER is variable length.  It MUST be a UTF-8 [RFC3629] encoded
   sequence of less than 128 characters (which can be as long as 763
   bytes).

As an individual, I find it reasonable to have a CLIENT attribute with text
that is similar to rfc3489bis's SERVER attribute.  I would even say such an
attribute should have been in the base specification (rfc3489bis) rather than
just in TURN, but we are too late for that (rfc3489bis is in IESG review).

-d

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Subject: Re: [BEHAVE] STUN/TURN "User Agent"
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Hi,

I am not a TURN expert, but have a few comments regarding this issue. 

1) If the purpose of User Agent is for logging purpose, can you use the
IP/port to identify the application? Just like the web proxy or reverse
proxy for web applications, the application is identified by the URL. This
is because, as Matthew pointed out, the User Agent information may or may
not be correct, and using this for logging or identifying different
applications thus may not be a reliable solution.

2) Is it possible/meaningful to have an extension mechanism that allows
different vendors to specify their own extensions such as User Agent? Then
vendors may have the ability to develop their own TURN solutions. This is a
common practice in web services and XML world.

Just my 2 cents,

Feng
 

-----Original Message-----
From: behave-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:behave-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of
Matthew Kaufman
Sent: Monday, April 21, 2008 10:25 AM
To: Philip Matthews
Cc: Behave WG
Subject: Re: [BEHAVE] STUN/TURN "User Agent"

Philip Matthews wrote:
> From a narrow technical perspective, I can see how your proposed field 
> differs from Username. However, is it not likely that Adobe will set 
> up its own set of TURN servers to support its Flash Player which will 
> differ from the TURN servers set up by Acme for their "Acme Softphone 
> 1.0"?  So in practice is there going to be a difference?
>
This is a completely different use case of a TURN server, as I've 
mentioned before. The "Internet" use case, and the one I think everyone 
thinks of when they think of STUN/TURN is that a telephony service 
provider would deploy a TURN service on the Internet for use by their 
clients. They would want to restrict the use of their TURN proxies to 
their paying customers, and thus want strong username/password 
authentication. It is also unlikely, as a result, that one service 
provider's software or firmware would be using the TURN servers of 
another service provider, until "white-label" service providers become 
more common. Such providers might in fact want User Agent parameter in 
order to more clearly differentiate between which software or hardware 
is using their service.

The "enterprise" use case (the one we are targeting) is that an 
enterprise would deploy one or more TURN servers in their DMZ in order 
to proxy certain UDP-using applications to the outside of their firewall 
in a controlled fashion. (This is just like the old days of web 
proxying, where enterprises weren't comfortable with opening up port 80 
directly and didn't have transparent proxy features available from their 
firewall vendors.) (This is also where my earlier query about locating 
such an enterprise TURN proxy via DHCP comes from)

In the enterprise case, Adobe doesn't set up its own set of TURN servers 
to support Flash Player... rather, Company XYZ sets up TURN servers to 
support applications that need to get through the firewall, and allows 
their employees to use Flash Player (but might not allow them to use 
some other UDP-using application that also supports TURN, as a matter of 
policy). Now, it might be the case that an enterprise also uses the 
Username field along with their LDAP servers to individually 
authenticate certain employees who are allowed to use the TURN server... 
but this is different than wanting to log which applications are using 
the TURN server, or allow/deny based on which application it is. Again, 
in an enterprise environment, an application could claim to be something 
it isn't, but employees can get fired for downloading and running such a 
thing.

> Note that I could see a difference if Adobe starts shipping multiple 
> different client types and you want to distinguish between them. 
> However, I don't get the sense that this is what you want to do (but 
> perhaps I am wrong).
>
No. While we will likely use different variations on the User Agent 
string for other applications we ship that use our new UDP-based network 
protocol and which will need a proxy mechanism, it isn't because we will 
be setting up a globally-accessible service that needs to know... it 
would just be so that enterprise IT departments can meet their logging 
requirements.

Please remember that we're talking about large organizations who need to 
do things like get their proxy services signed off by the people doing 
their Sarbanes-Oxley compliance audits, and that is where the 
requirement that applications using the proxy be identified for logging 
purposes comes from.
>
> BTW, I would be tempted to rename the attribute to "Client", given 
> that the term "User Agent" doesn't exist in TURN.
I think that "Client" is somewhat more ambiguous, but I'm not attached 
to the name, just making sure we have a place we can send such a value.

Matthew Kaufman
_______________________________________________
Behave mailing list
Behave@ietf.org
https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/behave

_______________________________________________
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	"'Philip Matthews'" <philip_matthews@magma.ca>
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Subject: Re: [BEHAVE] STUN/TURN "User Agent"
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> -----Original Message-----
> From: behave-bounces@ietf.org 
> [mailto:behave-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of Feng Liu
> Sent: Monday, April 21, 2008 11:09 AM
> To: matthew@matthew.at; 'Philip Matthews'
> Cc: 'Behave WG'
> Subject: Re: [BEHAVE] STUN/TURN "User Agent"
> 
> Hi,
> 
> I am not a TURN expert, but have a few comments regarding this issue. 
> 
> 1) If the purpose of User Agent is for logging purpose, can 
> you use the
> IP/port to identify the application? Just like the web proxy 
> or reverse
> proxy for web applications, the application is identified by 
> the URL. This
> is because, as Matthew pointed out, the User Agent 
> information may or may
> not be correct, and using this for logging or identifying different
> applications thus may not be a reliable solution.

A NAT can (and often does) change the port, so even if you managed
to always get a certain application to use a fixed port on the host,
the TURN server would see different ports.  This can happen, for 
example, if two PCs are behind a NAT and use the same source port --
the NAT cannot give both PCs the same source port.

> 2) Is it possible/meaningful to have an extension mechanism 
> that allows
> different vendors to specify their own extensions such as 
> User Agent? Then
> vendors may have the ability to develop their own TURN 
> solutions. This is a
> common practice in web services and XML world.

RFC3489bis (also known as 'STUNbis') does have an extension mechanism to add
new attributes, see
<http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-behave-rfc3489bis-15#section-18.1>.
TURN uses the STUN protocol, so TURN can be extended using vendor-defined STUN
attributes.

-d


> Just my 2 cents,
> 
> Feng
>  
> 
> -----Original Message-----
> From: behave-bounces@ietf.org 
> [mailto:behave-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of
> Matthew Kaufman
> Sent: Monday, April 21, 2008 10:25 AM
> To: Philip Matthews
> Cc: Behave WG
> Subject: Re: [BEHAVE] STUN/TURN "User Agent"
> 
> Philip Matthews wrote:
> > From a narrow technical perspective, I can see how your 
> proposed field 
> > differs from Username. However, is it not likely that Adobe 
> will set 
> > up its own set of TURN servers to support its Flash Player 
> which will 
> > differ from the TURN servers set up by Acme for their "Acme 
> Softphone 
> > 1.0"?  So in practice is there going to be a difference?
> >
> This is a completely different use case of a TURN server, as I've 
> mentioned before. The "Internet" use case, and the one I 
> think everyone 
> thinks of when they think of STUN/TURN is that a telephony service 
> provider would deploy a TURN service on the Internet for use by their 
> clients. They would want to restrict the use of their TURN proxies to 
> their paying customers, and thus want strong username/password 
> authentication. It is also unlikely, as a result, that one service 
> provider's software or firmware would be using the TURN servers of 
> another service provider, until "white-label" service 
> providers become 
> more common. Such providers might in fact want User Agent 
> parameter in 
> order to more clearly differentiate between which software or 
> hardware 
> is using their service.
> 
> The "enterprise" use case (the one we are targeting) is that an 
> enterprise would deploy one or more TURN servers in their DMZ 
> in order 
> to proxy certain UDP-using applications to the outside of 
> their firewall 
> in a controlled fashion. (This is just like the old days of web 
> proxying, where enterprises weren't comfortable with opening 
> up port 80 
> directly and didn't have transparent proxy features available 
> from their 
> firewall vendors.) (This is also where my earlier query about 
> locating 
> such an enterprise TURN proxy via DHCP comes from)
> 
> In the enterprise case, Adobe doesn't set up its own set of 
> TURN servers 
> to support Flash Player... rather, Company XYZ sets up TURN 
> servers to 
> support applications that need to get through the firewall, 
> and allows 
> their employees to use Flash Player (but might not allow them to use 
> some other UDP-using application that also supports TURN, as 
> a matter of 
> policy). Now, it might be the case that an enterprise also uses the 
> Username field along with their LDAP servers to individually 
> authenticate certain employees who are allowed to use the 
> TURN server... 
> but this is different than wanting to log which applications 
> are using 
> the TURN server, or allow/deny based on which application it 
> is. Again, 
> in an enterprise environment, an application could claim to 
> be something 
> it isn't, but employees can get fired for downloading and 
> running such a 
> thing.
> 
> > Note that I could see a difference if Adobe starts shipping 
> multiple 
> > different client types and you want to distinguish between them. 
> > However, I don't get the sense that this is what you want 
> to do (but 
> > perhaps I am wrong).
> >
> No. While we will likely use different variations on the User Agent 
> string for other applications we ship that use our new 
> UDP-based network 
> protocol and which will need a proxy mechanism, it isn't 
> because we will 
> be setting up a globally-accessible service that needs to know... it 
> would just be so that enterprise IT departments can meet 
> their logging 
> requirements.
> 
> Please remember that we're talking about large organizations 
> who need to 
> do things like get their proxy services signed off by the 
> people doing 
> their Sarbanes-Oxley compliance audits, and that is where the 
> requirement that applications using the proxy be identified 
> for logging 
> purposes comes from.
> >
> > BTW, I would be tempted to rename the attribute to "Client", given 
> > that the term "User Agent" doesn't exist in TURN.
> I think that "Client" is somewhat more ambiguous, but I'm not 
> attached 
> to the name, just making sure we have a place we can send 
> such a value.
> 
> Matthew Kaufman
> _______________________________________________
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> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/behave
> 
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Subject: Re: [BEHAVE] STUN/TURN "User Agent"
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Feng Liu wrote:
> Hi,
>
> I am not a TURN expert, but have a few comments regarding this issue. 
>
> 1) If the purpose of User Agent is for logging purpose, can you use the
> IP/port to identify the application? Just like the web proxy or reverse
> proxy for web applications, the application is identified by the URL. This
> is because, as Matthew pointed out, the User Agent information may or may
> not be correct, and using this for logging or identifying different
> applications thus may not be a reliable solution.
>
>   
The source IP address and port number does not identify the software or 
firmware that is initiating the TURN session.

> 2) Is it possible/meaningful to have an extension mechanism that allows
> different vendors to specify their own extensions such as User Agent? Then
> vendors may have the ability to develop their own TURN solutions. This is a
> common practice in web services and XML world.
>
>   
It exists,  so that's an option if we can't get agreement around our 
proposal.

Matthew Kaufman

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From: "Spencer Dawkins" <spencer@wonderhamster.org>
To: "Dan Wing" <dwing@cisco.com>,
	"'Philip Matthews'" <philip_matthews@magma.ca>, <matthew@matthew.at>
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Subject: Re: [BEHAVE] STUN/TURN "User Agent"
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Hi, Dan/Philip/Matthew,

>>  From a narrow technical perspective, I can see how your proposed
>> field differs from Username. However, is it not likely that
>> Adobe will
>> set up its own set of TURN servers to support its Flash Player which
>> will differ from the TURN servers set up by Acme for their "Acme
>> Softphone 1.0"?  So in practice is there going to be a difference?
>>
>> Note that I could see a difference if Adobe starts shipping multiple
>> different client types and you want to distinguish between them.
>> However, I don't get the sense that this is what you want to do (but
>> perhaps I am wrong).
>>
>> Anyone else have any comments on Matthew's proposal?
>>
>> - Philip
>>
>> BTW, I would be tempted to rename the attribute to "Client", given
>> that the term "User Agent" doesn't exist in TURN.
>
> I note that rfc3489bis has a free-form text field called SERVER which 
> serves a
> purpose very similar to what Matthew wants for the client.
> <http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-behave-rfc3489bis-15#section-15.10>
> reads:
>
>   15.10. SERVER
>
>   The server attribute contains a textual description of the software
>   being used by the server, including manufacturer and version number.
>   The attribute has no impact on operation of the protocol, and serves
>   only as a tool for diagnostic and debugging purposes.  The value of
>   SERVER is variable length.  It MUST be a UTF-8 [RFC3629] encoded
>   sequence of less than 128 characters (which can be as long as 763
>   bytes).
>
> As an individual, I find it reasonable to have a CLIENT attribute with 
> text
> that is similar to rfc3489bis's SERVER attribute.  I would even say such 
> an
> attribute should have been in the base specification (rfc3489bis) rather 
> than
> just in TURN, but we are too late for that (rfc3489bis is in IESG review).

OK, let's start with the process part, first.

If "Someone" was to submit an IETF Last Call comment that says "there's a 
SERVER attribute that does what we want, but we also need a CLIENT 
attribute, with the same text and obvious substitutions" - in fact, it would 
probably look a lot like this:

   15.whatever. CLIENT

   The client attribute contains a textual description of the software
   being used by the client, including manufacturer and version number.
   The attribute has no impact on operation of the protocol, and serves
   only as a tool for diagnostic and debugging purposes.  The value of
   CLIENT is variable length.  It MUST be a UTF-8 [RFC3629] encoded
   sequence of less than 128 characters (which can be as long as 763
   bytes).

I'm not sure why the IESG would freak out. We've done worse, later in the 
process.

Now, for the technical part. Please keep in mind that I'm not a genius of 
STUN/TURN, and don't have opinions about whether "User-Agent" or "CLIENT" 
are really going to be useful.

When this proposed attribute was called "User-Agent", I expressed offline 
concerns based on the HTTP User-Agent experience, where everyone claimed to 
be Mozilla, whether they were Mozilla or not, for a very long time. If 
CLIENT is documented as "no impact on operation of the protocol", that could 
be "good enough" to decide this isn't a likely problem for STUN/TURN - 
SERVER is currently specified with the same language.

If there are reasons for endpoints to lie, I would think both CLIENT and 
SERVER would be problematic (servers could change their behavior based on 
CLIENT values, but clients could certainly change their behavior based on 
SERVER values from previous exchanges - so I don't think having CLIENT is 
any worse than having SERVER, and we have SERVER now).

Thanks,

Spencer 


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I think this is a good idea. I know there have been a bunch of times I  
have been trying to debug what is going on where this would have been  
really useful. I suspect adding it to 3489bis might be the best place  
to do it.

Cullen <with my individual hat on>

On Apr 18, 2008, at 12:02 AM, Matthew Kaufman wrote:

> We would like to propose using 0x8030 for "User Agent", with the  
> value as a UTF-8 string which identifies a particular client  
> application. This would be to support logging at the TURN server,  
> and to allow enterprise TURN boxes to allow/block usage by checking  
> this string. (Note that it may easily be forged, but in an  
> enterprise environment applications which forge the User Agent can  
> be banned as a matter of policy, employees terminated for using  
> them, etc.)
>
> Comments?
>
> Matthew Kaufman
>
> _______________________________________________
> Behave mailing list
> Behave@ietf.org
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Le Tuesday 22 April 2008 02:17:52 ext Cullen Jennings, vous avez =E9crit=A0:
> I think this is a good idea. I know there have been a bunch of times I
> have been trying to debug what is going on where this would have been
> really useful. I suspect adding it to 3489bis might be the best place
> to do it.

Yeah, it may help troubleshooting IOP problems, and collect statistics.

-- =

R=E9mi Denis-Courmont
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In [draft-ietf-behave-rfc3489bis-15], Section 7.3.1, there is the following 
text:

   If the request uses UDP transport and is a retransmission of a
   request for which the server has already generated a success response
   within the last 40 seconds, the server MUST retransmit the same
   success response.  One way for a server to do this is to remember all
   transaction IDs received over UDP and their corresponding responses
   in the last 10 seconds.

So, which one is it? 40 or 10 seconds?
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From: Marc Petit-Huguenin <petithug@acm.org>
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I just submitted an I-D that defines URIs and a resolution mechanism to
find TURN servers:

http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-petithuguenin-behave-turn-uri-00.txt

Comments appreciated.

Thanks.

-- 
Marc Petit-Huguenin           [                                 ]
Home: marc@petit-huguenin.org [RFC1855-compliant space for rent ]
Work: marc@8x8.com            [                                 ]
[                                                               ]
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Most this draft makes sense to me and seems I like it. One thing that  
I don't understand, what's the need for S-NAPTR in the type of use  
case we need here. Why not just  greatly simplify this and just have  
SRV (and of course A/AAAA implied by that)?

Cullen <with my individual hat on>


On Apr 22, 2008, at 10:48 AM, Marc Petit-Huguenin wrote:

> I just submitted an I-D that defines URIs and a resolution mechanism  
> to
> find TURN servers:
>
> http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-petithuguenin-behave-turn-uri-00.txt
>
> Comments appreciated.
>
> Thanks.
>
> -- 
> Marc Petit-Huguenin           [                                 ]
> Home: marc@petit-huguenin.org [RFC1855-compliant space for rent ]
> Work: marc@8x8.com            [                                 ]
> [                                                               ]
> _______________________________________________
> Behave mailing list
> Behave@ietf.org
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Subject: Re: [BEHAVE] STUN/TURN "User Agent"
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Matthew:

Dan's proposal (below) seems a good one to me. Will this meet your  
needs?

If it does, then there seems to be enough support for this idea to  
include it in the base TURN spec.

- Philip

On Mon, 21-Apr-08, at 13:16 , Dan Wing wrote:
>
>
>>
>
> I note that rfc3489bis has a free-form text field called SERVER  
> which serves a
> purpose very similar to what Matthew wants for the client.
> <http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-behave-rfc3489bis-15#section-15.10 
> >
> reads:
>
>   15.10. SERVER
>
>   The server attribute contains a textual description of the software
>   being used by the server, including manufacturer and version number.
>   The attribute has no impact on operation of the protocol, and serves
>   only as a tool for diagnostic and debugging purposes.  The value of
>   SERVER is variable length.  It MUST be a UTF-8 [RFC3629] encoded
>   sequence of less than 128 characters (which can be as long as 763
>   bytes).
>
> As an individual, I find it reasonable to have a CLIENT attribute  
> with text
> that is similar to rfc3489bis's SERVER attribute.  I would even say  
> such an
> attribute should have been in the base specification (rfc3489bis)  
> rather than
> just in TURN, but we are too late for that (rfc3489bis is in IESG  
> review).
>
> -d
>
> _______________________________________________
> Behave mailing list
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Subject: Re: [BEHAVE] STUN/TURN "User Agent"
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Philip Matthews wrote:
> Matthew:
>
> Dan's proposal (below) seems a good one to me. Will this meet your needs?
>
Yes.

> If it does, then there seems to be enough support for this idea to 
> include it in the base TURN spec.
>
That would be good, and we'll use the code point that gets assigned that 
way, assuming the number is assigned before we ship.

Matthew Kaufman

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Subject: Re: [BEHAVE] STUN/TURN "User Agent"
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On Mon, 21-Apr-08, at 16:24 , Spencer Dawkins wrote:
>>>
>
> Now, for the technical part. Please keep in mind that I'm not a  
> genius of
> STUN/TURN, and don't have opinions about whether "User-Agent" or  
> "CLIENT"
> are really going to be useful.
>
> When this proposed attribute was called "User-Agent", I expressed  
> offline
> concerns based on the HTTP User-Agent experience, where everyone  
> claimed to
> be Mozilla, whether they were Mozilla or not, for a very long time. If
> CLIENT is documented as "no impact on operation of the protocol",  
> that could
> be "good enough" to decide this isn't a likely problem for STUN/TURN -
> SERVER is currently specified with the same language.
>
> If there are reasons for endpoints to lie, I would think both CLIENT  
> and
> SERVER would be problematic (servers could change their behavior  
> based on
> CLIENT values, but clients could certainly change their behavior  
> based on
> SERVER values from previous exchanges - so I don't think having  
> CLIENT is
> any worse than having SERVER, and we have SERVER now).

The proposal is to make this a free-form text field with no specified  
values. Moreover, I would add some text to say that its purpose is for  
logging and debugging. This will not completely prevent people  
determined to do this from using it to drive behavior, but I don't see  
how to do any better than this.

- Philip
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Subject: Re: [BEHAVE] Transaction lifetime
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I think the right answer is "40 seconds".

In earlier versions of the draft, the last retransmission timer  
expired in slightly under 10 seconds from the start of the  
transaction. However, during IESG review, the retransmission timers  
were lengthened and by default now expire slightly before 40 seconds.

- Philip


On Tue, 22-Apr-08, at 08:29 , Simon Perreault wrote:
> In [draft-ietf-behave-rfc3489bis-15], Section 7.3.1, there is the  
> following
> text:
>
>   If the request uses UDP transport and is a retransmission of a
>   request for which the server has already generated a success  
> response
>   within the last 40 seconds, the server MUST retransmit the same
>   success response.  One way for a server to do this is to remember  
> all
>   transaction IDs received over UDP and their corresponding responses
>   in the last 10 seconds.
>
> So, which one is it? 40 or 10 seconds?
> _______________________________________________
> Behave mailing list
> Behave@ietf.org
> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/behave
>

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Subject: Re: [BEHAVE] STUN/TURN "User Agent"
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(as an individual,)

> The proposal is to make this a free-form text field with no 
> specified values.  Moreover, I would add some text to say that 
> its purpose is for logging and debugging. 

So you want this only in TURN, and not in the base STUN specification?

> This will not completely prevent people determined to do this from 
> using it to drive behavior, but I don't see how to do any better 
> than this.

Nothing will prevent this; if someone wanted to signal special behavior
they could encode a tag into the Username attribute, as you described
earlier.  Or they could register a proprietary attribute and use that,
or have their TURN client and server use non-IANA ports.  I'm sure
there are another dozen techniques.

-d

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Dear BEHAVE experts,

 

I have two questions regarding Channel Number in TURN, and would like to get
your advice.

 

Assume I have two TURN clients, and each wants to bind a channel to its
peer. When TURN clients choose Channel Numbers, it is likely that they pick
the same Channel Number (e.g., both clients are from the same vendor and
have the same initial value and number selection algorithm). 

 

My question is: what is the behavior of the server in this case? Will the
server accept one binding request and reject the other? Or it accepts both
as two channel bindings are independent of each other?

 

If the server accepts one and rejects another, according to the spec, one
client will get a "bad request" response. My second question is: how can the
client know the rejection is because the number is taken, as the server can
reject the request for different reasons?

 

Thanks,

 

Feng

 

 

 

 

 

Feng Liu, Ph.D.  | Research Scientist, Dialogue System Research Group |
Avaya Labs Research  | Avaya | 233 Mt. Airy Road| Rm. 2D36 | Basking Ridge,
NJ 07920 | Voice/Fax: 908-696-5156 / 908-696-5401 | fliu1@avaya.com

 

 


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<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Arial'>Dear BEHAVE experts,<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Arial'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Arial'>I have two questions regarding Channel Number in =
TURN, and
would like to get your advice.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Arial'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Arial'>Assume I have two TURN clients, and each wants to =
bind a
channel to its peer. When TURN clients choose Channel Numbers, it is =
likely
that they pick the same Channel Number (e.g., both clients are from the =
same
vendor and have the same initial value and number selection algorithm). =
<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Arial'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Arial'>My question is: what is the behavior of the server in =
this
case? Will the server accept one binding request and reject the other? =
Or it
accepts both as two channel bindings are independent of each =
other?<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Arial'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Arial'>If the server accepts one and rejects another, =
according to
the spec, one client will get a &quot;bad request&quot; response. My =
second
question is: how can the client know the rejection is because the number =
is
taken, as the server can reject the request for different =
reasons?<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Arial'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Arial'>Thanks,<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Arial'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Arial'>Feng<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Arial'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Arial'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Arial'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Arial'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Arial'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 color=3D"#999999" face=3D"Century =
Gothic"><span
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Century =
Gothic";color:#999999'>Feng Liu,
Ph.D. &nbsp;</span></font><font size=3D2 color=3D"#ff0033" =
face=3D"Century Gothic"><span
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Century =
Gothic";color:#FF0033'>|</span></font><font
size=3D2 color=3D"#333399" face=3D"Century Gothic"><span =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:"Century Gothic";color:#333399'>&nbsp;</span></font><font =
size=3D2
color=3D"#999999" face=3D"Century Gothic"><span =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:
"Century Gothic";color:#999999'>Research Scientist, Dialogue System =
Research
Group</span></font><font size=3D2 color=3D"#333399" face=3D"Century =
Gothic"><span
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Century =
Gothic";color:#333399'>&nbsp;</span></font><font
size=3D2 color=3D"#ff0033" face=3D"Century Gothic"><span =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:"Century Gothic";color:#FF0033'>|</span></font><font =
size=3D2
color=3D"#333399" face=3D"Century Gothic"><span =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:
"Century Gothic";color:#333399'> </span></font><font size=3D2 =
color=3D"#999999"
face=3D"Century Gothic"><span =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Century Gothic";
color:#999999'>Avaya Labs Research</span></font><font size=3D2 =
color=3D"#333399"
face=3D"Century Gothic"><span =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Century Gothic";
color:#333399'> &nbsp;</span></font><font size=3D2 color=3D"#ff0033"
face=3D"Century Gothic"><span =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Century Gothic";
color:#FF0033'>|</span></font><font size=3D2 color=3D"#333399" =
face=3D"Century Gothic"><span
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Century Gothic";color:#333399'> =
</span></font><font
size=3D2 color=3D"#ff3333" face=3D"Century Gothic"><span =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:"Century Gothic";color:#FF3333'>Avaya</span></font><font =
size=3D2
color=3D"#333399" face=3D"Century Gothic"><span =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:
"Century Gothic";color:#333399'> </span></font><font size=3D2 =
color=3D"#ff0033"
face=3D"Century Gothic"><span =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Century Gothic";
color:#FF0033'>|</span></font><font size=3D2 color=3D"#333399" =
face=3D"Century Gothic"><span
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Century Gothic";color:#333399'> =
</span></font><font
size=3D2 color=3D"#999999" face=3D"Century Gothic"><span =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:"Century Gothic";color:#999999'>233 Mt. Airy =
Road</span></font><font
size=3D2 color=3D"#ff0033" face=3D"Century Gothic"><span =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:"Century Gothic";color:#FF0033'>|</span></font><font =
size=3D2
color=3D"#333399" face=3D"Century Gothic"><span =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:
"Century Gothic";color:#333399'> </span></font><font size=3D2 =
color=3D"#999999"
face=3D"Century Gothic"><span =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Century Gothic";
color:#999999'>Rm. 2D36 </span></font><font size=3D2 color=3D"#ff0033"
face=3D"Century Gothic"><span =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Century Gothic";
color:#FF0033'>|</span></font><font size=3D2 color=3D"#999999" =
face=3D"Century Gothic"><span
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Century Gothic";color:#999999'> =
<st1:place
w:st=3D"on"><st1:City w:st=3D"on">Basking Ridge</st1:City>, <st1:State =
w:st=3D"on">NJ</st1:State>
 <st1:PostalCode =
w:st=3D"on">07920</st1:PostalCode></st1:place></span></font><font
size=3D2 color=3D"#333399" face=3D"Century Gothic"><span =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:"Century Gothic";color:#333399'> </span></font><font =
size=3D2
color=3D"#ff0033" face=3D"Century Gothic"><span =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:
"Century Gothic";color:#FF0033'>|</span></font><font size=3D2 =
color=3D"#333399"
face=3D"Century Gothic"><span =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Century Gothic";
color:#333399'> </span></font><font size=3D2 color=3D"#999999" =
face=3D"Century Gothic"><span
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Century =
Gothic";color:#999999'>Voice/Fax:
908-696-5156 / 908-696-5401</span></font><font size=3D2 =
color=3D"#666666"
face=3D"Century Gothic"><span =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Century Gothic";
color:#666666'> </span></font><font size=3D2 color=3D"#ff0033" =
face=3D"Century Gothic"><span
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Century =
Gothic";color:#FF0033'>|</span></font><font
size=3D2 color=3D"#333399" face=3D"Century Gothic"><span =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:"Century Gothic";color:#333399'> </span></font><u><font =
size=3D2
color=3Dblue face=3D"Century Gothic"><span =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:
"Century Gothic";color:blue'>fliu1@avaya.com</span></font></u><font =
size=3D2
color=3D"#333399" face=3D"Century Gothic"><span =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:
"Century Gothic";color:#333399'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D3 face=3D"Times New Roman"><span =
style=3D'font-size:
12.0pt'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D3 face=3D"Times New Roman"><span =
style=3D'font-size:
12.0pt'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></font></p>

</div>

</body>

</html>

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From: "Dan Wing" <dwing@cisco.com>
To: "'Feng Liu'" <fengliu@research.avayalabs.com>, <behave@ietf.org>
References: <AD31F9AEAA2940EFAC943A45BEE59083@woods.avayalabs.com>
Date: Tue, 22 Apr 2008 16:37:45 -0700
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Subject: Re: [BEHAVE] Channel Number
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> -----Original Message-----
> From: behave-bounces@ietf.org 
> [mailto:behave-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of Feng Liu
> Sent: Tuesday, April 22, 2008 3:17 PM
> To: behave@ietf.org
> Subject: [BEHAVE] Channel Number
> 
> Dear BEHAVE experts,
> 
>  
> 
> I have two questions regarding Channel Number in TURN, and 
> would like to get your advice.
> 
>  
> 
> Assume I have two TURN clients, and each wants to bind a 
> channel to its peer. When TURN clients choose Channel 
> Numbers, it is likely that they pick the same Channel Number 
> (e.g., both clients are from the same vendor and have the 
> same initial value and number selection algorithm). 
> 
>  
> 
> My question is: what is the behavior of the server in this 
> case? Will the server accept one binding request and reject 
> the other? Or it accepts both as two channel bindings are 
> independent of each other?

They are independent of each other because they are over
different TURN clients (different source IP address+port).  The
channel number is not unique for the entire TURN server; rather,
the channel number is unique for every TURN session with that
TURN server.

-d
  
> 
> If the server accepts one and rejects another, according to 
> the spec, one client will get a "bad request" response. My 
> second question is: how can the client know the rejection is 
> because the number is taken, as the server can reject the 
> request for different reasons?
> 
>  
> 
> Thanks,
> 
>  
> 
> Feng
> 
>  
> 
>  
> 
>  
> 
>  
> 
>  
> 
> Feng Liu, Ph.D.  | Research Scientist, Dialogue System 
> Research Group | Avaya Labs Research  | Avaya | 233 Mt. Airy 
> Road| Rm. 2D36 | Basking Ridge, NJ 07920 | Voice/Fax: 
> 908-696-5156 / 908-696-5401 | fliu1@avaya.com
> 
>  
> 
>  
> 
> 

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From behave-bounces@ietf.org  Tue Apr 22 16:48:58 2008
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From: Marc Petit-Huguenin <petithug@acm.org>
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To: Cullen Jennings <fluffy@cisco.com>
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Cc: Behave WG <behave@ietf.org>
Subject: Re: [BEHAVE] TURN and TURNS URI and resolution mechanism
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Cullen Jennings wrote:
> 
> Most this draft makes sense to me and seems I like it. One thing that I
> don't understand, what's the need for S-NAPTR in the type of use case we
> need here. Why not just  greatly simplify this and just have SRV (and of
> course A/AAAA implied by that)?

My original reason for using the S-NAPTR mechanism was to give a TURN
servers administrator a possibility to provision the preferred order to
use the different transport protocols between the TURN client and the
TURN server (UDP, TCP and TLS as currently defined).  This is not really
needed when using TURN with ICE because the socket on the TURN client
should be able to receive/send with the same protocol that is used on
the relayed port, so the preferred transport list used in the resolution
mechanism contains only one protocol.  But be able to give preference to
a transport over another can still be useful for other usages, e.g. an
administrator with resources constraints can prefer that the clients use
UDP, and another administrator with security constraints can prefer that
the clients use TLS (obviously in the cases where both protocols can be
used).

Another reason could be remote hosting.  A VoIP provider can have a
contract with a different company that provides only the TURN servers.
The provider does not (and cannot) manage the SRV records, as the
servers are not under its control, so S-NAPTR can solve this problem:

example.com IN NAPTR 100 10 "" "RELAY:turn.udp:turn.tcp" "" other.com.

other.com IN NAPTR 100 10 "s" "RELAY:turn.udp" "" _turn._udp.other.com
other.com IN NAPTR 200 10 "s" "RELAY:turn.tcp" "" _turn._tcp.other.com
_turn._udp.other.com IN SRV   10  10 3478 a.other.com.
_turn._udp.other.com IN SRV   10  10 3478 b.other.com.
_turn._udp.other.com IN SRV   10  20 3478 c.other.com.
_turn._tcp.other.com IN SRV   10  10 3478 a.other.com.
_turn._tcp.other.com IN SRV   10  10 3478 b.other.com.
_turn._tcp.other.com IN SRV   10  20 3478 c.other.com.

Here the company providing the TURN servers does not know (and does not
care) if the VoIP provider is using the servers for ICE or another usage.

I am even thinking that this mechanism could be used to select a TURN
server by its feature set (versus trying all the servers until one
responds with the set of features needed).  Let take the example of
turn-ipv6.  Without S-NAPTR one will have to try to allocate an IPv6
address/port on the first SRV RR returned then if it fails try the next
server and so on until one return an IPv6 address/port.  Now if
turn-ipv6 defines an Application Protocol tag named turn.udp+ipv6, a
TURN client can directly retrieve the SRV RR pointing to servers that
can allocate an IPv6 address.

-- 
Marc Petit-Huguenin           [                                 ]
Home: marc@petit-huguenin.org [RFC1855-compliant space for rent ]
Work: marc@8x8.com            [                                 ]
[                                                               ]
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From behave-bounces@ietf.org  Tue Apr 22 22:50:13 2008
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Le Tuesday 22 April 2008 17:48:20 ext Marc Petit-Huguenin, vous avez =E9cri=
t=A0:
> I just submitted an I-D that defines URIs and a resolution mechanism to
> find TURN servers:
>
> http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-petithuguenin-behave-turn-uri-0=
0.
>txt

Should this not:
1/ allow for [username@[password:]], e.g. as HTTP, and,
2/ use UNAPTR rather than NAPTR?

-- =

R=E9mi Denis-Courmont
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R=E9mi Denis-Courmont wrote:
> Le Tuesday 22 April 2008 17:48:20 ext Marc Petit-Huguenin, vous avez =E9c=
rit :
>> I just submitted an I-D that defines URIs and a resolution mechanism to
>> find TURN servers:
>>
>> http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-petithuguenin-behave-turn-uri-=
00.
>> txt
> =

> Should this not:
> 1/ allow for [username@[password:]], e.g. as HTTP, and,

The password in the URI is now deprecated (RFC 3986 section 3.2.1),
which is a good thing.  I am not sure that be able to provide the
username on the URI adds anything useful - in all case the end-user will
have to be prompted for the password, so prompting also for the username
should not be a problem.  There is also the minor security risk that it
can be used to confuse the end user (e.g.
turn:example.com@208.77.188.166).  This said I can add the username
component if people think it is important.

> 2/ use UNAPTR rather than NAPTR?
> =


I did not find a use case where a TURN URI needs be converted into
another URI, but as it annoys me when authors reject suggestions because
then cannot think of a use case to justify it, so let me know if you
have a good reason for this.

Thanks.


<rant>I always found this "use case" thing extremely annoying when
working with the IETF, and this for two reasons.  Firstly I consider
top-down design as bad engineering.  Secondly there is often use cases
that can justify to add something to an RFC, but I cannot talk about
because it would give an insight to my competitors on what I am working
on - another good reason for bottom-up design.</rant>

-- =

Marc Petit-Huguenin           [                                 ]
Home: marc@petit-huguenin.org [RFC1855-compliant space for rent ]
Work: marc@8x8.com            [                                 ]
[                                                               ]
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Spencer Dawkins skrev:

> OK, let's start with the process part, first.
> =

> If "Someone" was to submit an IETF Last Call comment that says "there's a =

> SERVER attribute that does what we want, but we also need a CLIENT =

> attribute, with the same text and obvious substitutions" - in fact, it wo=
uld =

> probably look a lot like this:
> =

>    15.whatever. CLIENT
> =

>    The client attribute contains a textual description of the software
>    being used by the client, including manufacturer and version number.
>    The attribute has no impact on operation of the protocol, and serves
>    only as a tool for diagnostic and debugging purposes.  The value of
>    CLIENT is variable length.  It MUST be a UTF-8 [RFC3629] encoded
>    sequence of less than 128 characters (which can be as long as 763
>    bytes).
> =

> I'm not sure why the IESG would freak out. We've done worse, later in the =

> process.

I don't think the IESG will freak out. If the WG likes to add this to =

STUNbis I think we have satisfied procedure by having a consensus call =

in the WG and if strong consensus exist go forward. The IESG will of =

course need to have the possibility to put DISCUSS so probably putting =

it back on a call before approving it.

If going forward with this idea, I would please remind that you =

shouldn't forget the security issues with this header. I think HTTP (RFC =

2616) has some text on the issues with Client (User-Agent in HTTP) =

implementation identifiers.

Cheers

Magnus Westerlund

IETF Transport Area Director & TSVWG Chair
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Multimedia Technologies, Ericsson Research EAB/TVM
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Ericsson AB                | Phone +46 8 4048287
F=E4r=F6gatan 6                | Fax   +46 8 7575550
S-164 80 Stockholm, Sweden | mailto: magnus.westerlund@ericsson.com
----------------------------------------------------------------------

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When we moved 3489bis ahead, most folks realized there was a  =

reasonable chance that small changes might be needed to 3489bis coming  =

out of the ICE or TURN work. I don't think IESG would have any  =

heartburn over this if the WG wanted to do it.


On Apr 23, 2008, at 7:56 AM, Magnus Westerlund wrote:

> Spencer Dawkins skrev:
>
>> OK, let's start with the process part, first.
>>
>> If "Someone" was to submit an IETF Last Call comment that says  =

>> "there's a
>> SERVER attribute that does what we want, but we also need a CLIENT
>> attribute, with the same text and obvious substitutions" - in fact,  =

>> it would
>> probably look a lot like this:
>>
>>   15.whatever. CLIENT
>>
>>   The client attribute contains a textual description of the software
>>   being used by the client, including manufacturer and version  =

>> number.
>>   The attribute has no impact on operation of the protocol, and  =

>> serves
>>   only as a tool for diagnostic and debugging purposes.  The value of
>>   CLIENT is variable length.  It MUST be a UTF-8 [RFC3629] encoded
>>   sequence of less than 128 characters (which can be as long as 763
>>   bytes).
>>
>> I'm not sure why the IESG would freak out. We've done worse, later  =

>> in the
>> process.
>
> I don't think the IESG will freak out. If the WG likes to add this to
> STUNbis I think we have satisfied procedure by having a consensus call
> in the WG and if strong consensus exist go forward. The IESG will of
> course need to have the possibility to put DISCUSS so probably putting
> it back on a call before approving it.
>
> If going forward with this idea, I would please remind that you
> shouldn't forget the security issues with this header. I think HTTP  =

> (RFC
> 2616) has some text on the issues with Client (User-Agent in HTTP)
> implementation identifiers.
>
> Cheers
>
> Magnus Westerlund
>
> IETF Transport Area Director & TSVWG Chair
> ----------------------------------------------------------------------
> Multimedia Technologies, Ericsson Research EAB/TVM
> ----------------------------------------------------------------------
> Ericsson AB                | Phone +46 8 4048287
> F=E4r=F6gatan 6                | Fax   +46 8 7575550
> S-164 80 Stockholm, Sweden | mailto: magnus.westerlund@ericsson.com
> ----------------------------------------------------------------------
>
> _______________________________________________
> Behave mailing list
> Behave@ietf.org
> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/behave

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Subject: Re: [BEHAVE] STUN/TURN "User Agent"
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On Wednesday 23 April 2008 10:02:10 Cullen Jennings wrote:
> When we moved 3489bis ahead, most folks realized there was a
> reasonable chance that small changes might be needed to 3489bis coming
> out of the ICE or TURN work. I don't think IESG would have any
> heartburn over this if the WG wanted to do it.

I see a lot of "if the WG wanted it"...

I, for one, am not an author nor an IESG member, and I want it.

Is it OK now? ;)

/me hums
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Thank you for clarifying it!

Feng


-----Original Message-----
From: Dan Wing [mailto:dwing@cisco.com] 
Sent: Tuesday, April 22, 2008 7:38 PM
To: 'Feng Liu'; behave@ietf.org
Subject: RE: [BEHAVE] Channel Number

> -----Original Message-----
> From: behave-bounces@ietf.org 
> [mailto:behave-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of Feng Liu
> Sent: Tuesday, April 22, 2008 3:17 PM
> To: behave@ietf.org
> Subject: [BEHAVE] Channel Number
> 
> Dear BEHAVE experts,
> 
>  
> 
> I have two questions regarding Channel Number in TURN, and 
> would like to get your advice.
> 
>  
> 
> Assume I have two TURN clients, and each wants to bind a 
> channel to its peer. When TURN clients choose Channel 
> Numbers, it is likely that they pick the same Channel Number 
> (e.g., both clients are from the same vendor and have the 
> same initial value and number selection algorithm). 
> 
>  
> 
> My question is: what is the behavior of the server in this 
> case? Will the server accept one binding request and reject 
> the other? Or it accepts both as two channel bindings are 
> independent of each other?

They are independent of each other because they are over
different TURN clients (different source IP address+port).  The
channel number is not unique for the entire TURN server; rather,
the channel number is unique for every TURN session with that
TURN server.

-d
  
> 
> If the server accepts one and rejects another, according to 
> the spec, one client will get a "bad request" response. My 
> second question is: how can the client know the rejection is 
> because the number is taken, as the server can reject the 
> request for different reasons?
> 
>  
> 
> Thanks,
> 
>  
> 
> Feng
> 
>  
> 
>  
> 
>  
> 
>  
> 
>  
> 
> Feng Liu, Ph.D.  | Research Scientist, Dialogue System 
> Research Group | Avaya Labs Research  | Avaya | 233 Mt. Airy 
> Road| Rm. 2D36 | Basking Ridge, NJ 07920 | Voice/Fax: 
> 908-696-5156 / 908-696-5401 | fliu1@avaya.com
> 
>  
> 
>  
> 
> 

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FYI, Nortel has updated their IPR disclosure on
draft-ietf-behave-nat-behavior-discovery.  A copy of their disclosure can be
found here:

http://www.ietf.org/ietf/IPR/nortel-ipr-update-draft-ietf-behave-nat-behavior-
discovery.txt


As a reminder, all IPR disclosures can be found at
https://datatracker.ietf.org/ipr/

-d

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 =


> -----Original Message-----
> From: behave-bounces@ietf.org =

> [mailto:behave-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of Marc Petit-Huguenin
> Sent: Wednesday, April 23, 2008 2:58 AM
> To: R=E9mi Denis-Courmont
> Cc: behave@ietf.org
> Subject: Re: [BEHAVE] TURN and TURNS URI and resolution mechanism
> =

> R=E9mi Denis-Courmont wrote:
> > Le Tuesday 22 April 2008 17:48:20 ext Marc Petit-Huguenin, =

> vous avez =E9crit :
> >> I just submitted an I-D that defines URIs and a resolution =

> mechanism to
> >> find TURN servers:
> >>
> >> =

> http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-petithuguenin-behave
> -turn-uri-00.
> >> txt
> > =

> > Should this not:
> > 1/ allow for [username@[password:]], e.g. as HTTP, and,
> =

> The password in the URI is now deprecated (RFC 3986 section 3.2.1),
> which is a good thing.  I am not sure that be able to provide the
> username on the URI adds anything useful - in all case the =

> end-user will
> have to be prompted for the password, so prompting also for =

> the username
> should not be a problem.  There is also the minor security =

> risk that it
> can be used to confuse the end user (e.g.
> turn:example.com@208.77.188.166).  This said I can add the username
> component if people think it is important.

Your I-D describes an address resolution mechanism, which is unlike
HTTP (or FTP, which can also have username:password) that accesses
a resource (a 'document' or 'file').  =


The only value that I see with allowing the username in the URI is
if we expect someone might want:
  =

  turn:dan.wing@turn.example.com
  turn:joe.sixpack@turn.example.com

to resolve to different IP addresses.  That doesn't seem likely to
me, (for whatever my foresight is worth).

-d

> > 2/ use UNAPTR rather than NAPTR?
> > =

> =

> I did not find a use case where a TURN URI needs be converted into
> another URI, but as it annoys me when authors reject =

> suggestions because
> then cannot think of a use case to justify it, so let me know if you
> have a good reason for this.
> =

> Thanks.
> =

> =

> <rant>I always found this "use case" thing extremely annoying when
> working with the IETF, and this for two reasons.  Firstly I consider
> top-down design as bad engineering.  Secondly there is often use cases
> that can justify to add something to an RFC, but I cannot talk about
> because it would give an insight to my competitors on what I =

> am working
> on - another good reason for bottom-up design.</rant>
> =

> -- =

> Marc Petit-Huguenin           [                                 ]
> Home: marc@petit-huguenin.org [RFC1855-compliant space for rent ]
> Work: marc@8x8.com            [                                 ]
> [                                                               ]
> _______________________________________________
> Behave mailing list
> Behave@ietf.org
> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/behave

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From: Marc Petit-Huguenin <petithug@acm.org>
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Subject: Re: [BEHAVE] TURN and TURNS URI and resolution mechanism
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Dan Wing wrote:
>  =

> =

>> -----Original Message-----
>> From: behave-bounces@ietf.org =

>> [mailto:behave-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of Marc Petit-Huguenin
>> Sent: Wednesday, April 23, 2008 2:58 AM
>> To: R=E9mi Denis-Courmont
>> Cc: behave@ietf.org
>> Subject: Re: [BEHAVE] TURN and TURNS URI and resolution mechanism
>>
>> R=E9mi Denis-Courmont wrote:
>>> Le Tuesday 22 April 2008 17:48:20 ext Marc Petit-Huguenin, =

>> vous avez =E9crit :
>>>> I just submitted an I-D that defines URIs and a resolution =

>> mechanism to
>>>> find TURN servers:
>>>>
>>>>
>> http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-petithuguenin-behave
>> -turn-uri-00.
>>>> txt
>>> Should this not:
>>> 1/ allow for [username@[password:]], e.g. as HTTP, and,
>> The password in the URI is now deprecated (RFC 3986 section 3.2.1),
>> which is a good thing.  I am not sure that be able to provide the
>> username on the URI adds anything useful - in all case the =

>> end-user will
>> have to be prompted for the password, so prompting also for =

>> the username
>> should not be a problem.  There is also the minor security =

>> risk that it
>> can be used to confuse the end user (e.g.
>> turn:example.com@208.77.188.166).  This said I can add the username
>> component if people think it is important.
> =

> Your I-D describes an address resolution mechanism, which is unlike
> HTTP (or FTP, which can also have username:password) that accesses
> a resource (a 'document' or 'file').  =

> =

> The only value that I see with allowing the username in the URI is
> if we expect someone might want:
>   =

>   turn:dan.wing@turn.example.com
>   turn:joe.sixpack@turn.example.com
> =

> to resolve to different IP addresses.  =


Yes, I like the idea that all components in the URI are exclusively for
the purpose of guiding the resolution mechanism.

> That doesn't seem likely to
> me, (for whatever my foresight is worth).
> =


Well, one can design a mechanism that would resolve a user component to
a SRV/A RR, e.g. with distributed hash tables (a hash is associated to a
SRV RR in the DNS, the client calculates a hash for the user component
and use the SRV RR with a hash value equal or lower to the user hash value).


-- =

Marc Petit-Huguenin           [                                 ]
Home: marc@petit-huguenin.org [RFC1855-compliant space for rent ]
Work: marc@8x8.com            [                                 ]
[                                                               ]
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Subject: Re: [BEHAVE] TURN and TURNS URI and resolution mechanism
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> > The only value that I see with allowing the username in the URI is
> > if we expect someone might want:
> >   
> >   turn:dan.wing@turn.example.com
> >   turn:joe.sixpack@turn.example.com
> > 
> > to resolve to different IP addresses.  
> 
> Yes, I like the idea that all components in the URI are 
> exclusively for
> the purpose of guiding the resolution mechanism.
> 
> > That doesn't seem likely to
> > me, (for whatever my foresight is worth).
> > 
> 
> Well, one can design a mechanism that would resolve a user 
> component to
> a SRV/A RR, e.g. with distributed hash tables (a hash is 
> associated to a
> SRV RR in the DNS, the client calculates a hash for the user component
> and use the SRV RR with a hash value equal or lower to the 
> user hash value).

Sure, but you could do that without usernames by encoding
that value you want to hash as if it was a hostname,

  turn:dan.wing.turn.example.com
  turn:joe.sixpack.turn.example.com

and a wildcarded DNS record (yes, not pretty) could be tied into the
hash generation.

-d

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From behave-bounces@ietf.org  Wed Apr 23 14:10:59 2008
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Subject: [BEHAVE] Duplicate request handling
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Hi,

[draft-ietf-behave-rfc3489bis-15], Section 7.3.1, contains the following:

   If the request uses UDP transport and is a retransmission of a
   request for which the server has already generated a success response
   within the last 40 seconds, the server MUST retransmit the same
   success response.

From the absence of indications pertaining to the case where the response was 
not a success, I deduce that the server must not remember the transaction and 
simply try again to fulfill a duplicated request, hoping that this new 
attempt succeeds. Am I right?

Thanks,
Simon
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From behave-bounces@ietf.org  Wed Apr 23 19:10:31 2008
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From: Philip Matthews <philip_matthews@magma.ca>
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Cc: behave@ietf.org, 'Dan Wing' <dwing@cisco.com>
Subject: Re: [BEHAVE] Channel Number
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To be more precise, channel numbers are local to an allocation, and  
the allocation is uniquely identified by the 5-tuple (client IP  
address, client port, server IP address, server port, transport  
protocol). Channel numbers, permissions, etc etc in two different  
allocations have nothing to do with each other.

- Philip

On Wed, 23-Apr-08, at 11:58 , Feng Liu wrote:
> Thank you for clarifying it!
>
> Feng
>
>
> -----Original Message-----
> From: Dan Wing [mailto:dwing@cisco.com]
> Sent: Tuesday, April 22, 2008 7:38 PM
> To: 'Feng Liu'; behave@ietf.org
> Subject: RE: [BEHAVE] Channel Number
>
>> -----Original Message-----
>> From: behave-bounces@ietf.org
>> [mailto:behave-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of Feng Liu
>> Sent: Tuesday, April 22, 2008 3:17 PM
>> To: behave@ietf.org
>> Subject: [BEHAVE] Channel Number
>>
>> Dear BEHAVE experts,
>>
>>
>>
>> I have two questions regarding Channel Number in TURN, and
>> would like to get your advice.
>>
>>
>>
>> Assume I have two TURN clients, and each wants to bind a
>> channel to its peer. When TURN clients choose Channel
>> Numbers, it is likely that they pick the same Channel Number
>> (e.g., both clients are from the same vendor and have the
>> same initial value and number selection algorithm).
>>
>>
>>
>> My question is: what is the behavior of the server in this
>> case? Will the server accept one binding request and reject
>> the other? Or it accepts both as two channel bindings are
>> independent of each other?
>
> They are independent of each other because they are over
> different TURN clients (different source IP address+port).  The
> channel number is not unique for the entire TURN server; rather,
> the channel number is unique for every TURN session with that
> TURN server.
>
> -d
>
>>
>> If the server accepts one and rejects another, according to
>> the spec, one client will get a "bad request" response. My
>> second question is: how can the client know the rejection is
>> because the number is taken, as the server can reject the
>> request for different reasons?
>>
>>
>>
>> Thanks,
>>
>>
>>
>> Feng
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>
>> Feng Liu, Ph.D.  | Research Scientist, Dialogue System
>> Research Group | Avaya Labs Research  | Avaya | 233 Mt. Airy
>> Road| Rm. 2D36 | Basking Ridge, NJ 07920 | Voice/Fax:
>> 908-696-5156 / 908-696-5401 | fliu1@avaya.com
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>
>
> _______________________________________________
> Behave mailing list
> Behave@ietf.org
> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/behave
>

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From: Simon Perreault <simon.perreault@viagenie.ca>
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Hello,

What is a STUN server supposed to use as error code when an unknown method is 
received? From the list in 3489bis, Section 15.6, I'd be tempted to pick 
either 400 or 500, depending on who I'm siding with, but this doesn't seem 
right because it's really nobody's fault.

Will people crucify me if I return a 501 Not Implemented, as in HTTP?

Thanks,
Simon
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Date: Thu, 24 Apr 2008 14:49:20 +0100
From: "Benny Prijono" <bennylp@pjsip.org>
To: "Simon Perreault" <simon.perreault@viagenie.ca>
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Subject: Re: [BEHAVE] Duplicate request handling
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On Wed, Apr 23, 2008 at 10:10 PM, Simon Perreault
<simon.perreault@viagenie.ca> wrote:
> Hi,
>
>  [draft-ietf-behave-rfc3489bis-15], Section 7.3.1, contains the following:
>
>    If the request uses UDP transport and is a retransmission of a
>    request for which the server has already generated a success response
>    within the last 40 seconds, the server MUST retransmit the same
>    success response.
>
>  From the absence of indications pertaining to the case where the response was
>  not a success, I deduce that the server must not remember the transaction and
>  simply try again to fulfill a duplicated request, hoping that this new
>  attempt succeeds. Am I right?

From my understanding, it doesn't have to be like that. Server may
just retransmit the same failure response for the same request
retransmission if it wants to. In fact I think server should do this
especially for non-idempotent requests, otherwise we may end up with
different state between the client and the server. For example,
imagine when TURN server first returns failure response, then
successful response on the second Allocate retransmission. Client most
likely will ignore the second response retransmission, hence client
thinks that the Allocate has failed while the server thinks it has
been successful.

Cheers
 Benny

>  Thanks,
>  Simon
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Le Thursday 24 April 2008 16:23:16 ext Simon Perreault, vous avez =E9crit=
=A0:
> Hello,
>
> What is a STUN server supposed to use as error code when an unknown method
> is received? From the list in 3489bis, Section 15.6, I'd be tempted to pi=
ck
> either 400 or 500, depending on who I'm siding with, but this doesn't seem
> right because it's really nobody's fault.
>
> Will people crucify me if I return a 501 Not Implemented, as in HTTP?

Yes they will. Sending a 5xx error code allows the client to retry the requ=
est =

a certain number of times, hence it is only appropriate for transitional =

errors.

You should rather use 400 Bad Request, for lack of a more precise value in =
the =

4xx range. Unknown request types can only occur if a client tries to contac=
t =

a server for an inappropriate "usage" of STUN. So in a sense, the request i=
s =

malformed.

-- =

R=E9mi Denis-Courmont
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Hi Benny,

On Thursday 24 April 2008 09:49:20 Benny Prijono wrote:
> From my understanding, it doesn't have to be like that. Server may
> just retransmit the same failure response for the same request
> retransmission if it wants to. In fact I think server should do this
> especially for non-idempotent requests, otherwise we may end up with
> different state between the client and the server. For example,
> imagine when TURN server first returns failure response, then
> successful response on the second Allocate retransmission. Client most
> likely will ignore the second response retransmission, hence client
> thinks that the Allocate has failed while the server thinks it has
> been successful.

I think you're right and that the spec should be changed. Any kind of response 
(success or error) for any kind of request (indempotent or not) should be 
remembered and retransmitted when a duplicate request is detected. This is 
transport-level stuff which doesn't have to be concerned about 
application-level stuff.

Simon
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Subject: [BEHAVE] Working Group Last Call:
	draft-ietf-avt-app-rtp-keepalive-03.txt
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This is to announce Working Group Last Call for 
draft-ietf-avt-app-rtp-keepalive-03.txt. Assuming all goes well, the Last Call 
period will end on May 7.

Given the subject matter, the BEHAVE list is also copied on this message.

Tom Taylor for the Chairs.
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Cc: behave@ietf.org, 'Dan Wing' <dwing@cisco.com>
Subject: Re: [BEHAVE] Channel Number
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Philip,

I was confused by the spec, and the explanations from you and Dan are much
clearer for an outsider. Do you think it is a good idea to add it into the
draft?

Thanks,

Feng

-----Original Message-----
From: Philip Matthews [mailto:philip_matthews@magma.ca] 
Sent: Wednesday, April 23, 2008 10:10 PM
To: Feng Liu
Cc: 'Dan Wing'; behave@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [BEHAVE] Channel Number

To be more precise, channel numbers are local to an allocation, and  
the allocation is uniquely identified by the 5-tuple (client IP  
address, client port, server IP address, server port, transport  
protocol). Channel numbers, permissions, etc etc in two different  
allocations have nothing to do with each other.

- Philip

On Wed, 23-Apr-08, at 11:58 , Feng Liu wrote:
> Thank you for clarifying it!
>
> Feng
>
>
> -----Original Message-----
> From: Dan Wing [mailto:dwing@cisco.com]
> Sent: Tuesday, April 22, 2008 7:38 PM
> To: 'Feng Liu'; behave@ietf.org
> Subject: RE: [BEHAVE] Channel Number
>
>> -----Original Message-----
>> From: behave-bounces@ietf.org
>> [mailto:behave-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of Feng Liu
>> Sent: Tuesday, April 22, 2008 3:17 PM
>> To: behave@ietf.org
>> Subject: [BEHAVE] Channel Number
>>
>> Dear BEHAVE experts,
>>
>>
>>
>> I have two questions regarding Channel Number in TURN, and
>> would like to get your advice.
>>
>>
>>
>> Assume I have two TURN clients, and each wants to bind a
>> channel to its peer. When TURN clients choose Channel
>> Numbers, it is likely that they pick the same Channel Number
>> (e.g., both clients are from the same vendor and have the
>> same initial value and number selection algorithm).
>>
>>
>>
>> My question is: what is the behavior of the server in this
>> case? Will the server accept one binding request and reject
>> the other? Or it accepts both as two channel bindings are
>> independent of each other?
>
> They are independent of each other because they are over
> different TURN clients (different source IP address+port).  The
> channel number is not unique for the entire TURN server; rather,
> the channel number is unique for every TURN session with that
> TURN server.
>
> -d
>
>>
>> If the server accepts one and rejects another, according to
>> the spec, one client will get a "bad request" response. My
>> second question is: how can the client know the rejection is
>> because the number is taken, as the server can reject the
>> request for different reasons?
>>
>>
>>
>> Thanks,
>>
>>
>>
>> Feng
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>
>> Feng Liu, Ph.D.  | Research Scientist, Dialogue System
>> Research Group | Avaya Labs Research  | Avaya | 233 Mt. Airy
>> Road| Rm. 2D36 | Basking Ridge, NJ 07920 | Voice/Fax:
>> 908-696-5156 / 908-696-5401 | fliu1@avaya.com
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>
>
> _______________________________________________
> Behave mailing list
> Behave@ietf.org
> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/behave
>

_______________________________________________
Behave mailing list
Behave@ietf.org
https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/behave


From behave-bounces@ietf.org  Thu Apr 24 09:49:32 2008
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From: Philip Matthews <philip_matthews@magma.ca>
To: Feng Liu <fengliu@research.avayalabs.com>
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Cc: behave@ietf.org, 'Dan Wing' <dwing@cisco.com>
Subject: Re: [BEHAVE] Channel Number
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I believe it is already there, and you likely just missed it in your  
reading. Specifically, the third paragraph in section 10 of TURN-07  
reads:

    Channel bindings are specific to an allocation, so that a binding in
    one allocation has no relationship to a binding in any other
    allocation.  If an allocation expires, all its channel bindings
    expire with it.

(A similar paragraph appears in the section on Permissions.)

But if you saw this paragraph but thought it meant something else,  
then please let me know.

- Philip



On Thu, 24-Apr-08, at 12:01 , Feng Liu wrote:
> Philip,
>
> I was confused by the spec, and the explanations from you and Dan  
> are much
> clearer for an outsider. Do you think it is a good idea to add it  
> into the
> draft?
>
> Thanks,
>
> Feng
>
> -----Original Message-----
> From: Philip Matthews [mailto:philip_matthews@magma.ca]
> Sent: Wednesday, April 23, 2008 10:10 PM
> To: Feng Liu
> Cc: 'Dan Wing'; behave@ietf.org
> Subject: Re: [BEHAVE] Channel Number
>
> To be more precise, channel numbers are local to an allocation, and
> the allocation is uniquely identified by the 5-tuple (client IP
> address, client port, server IP address, server port, transport
> protocol). Channel numbers, permissions, etc etc in two different
> allocations have nothing to do with each other.
>
> - Philip
>
> On Wed, 23-Apr-08, at 11:58 , Feng Liu wrote:
>> Thank you for clarifying it!
>>
>> Feng
>>
>>
>> -----Original Message-----
>> From: Dan Wing [mailto:dwing@cisco.com]
>> Sent: Tuesday, April 22, 2008 7:38 PM
>> To: 'Feng Liu'; behave@ietf.org
>> Subject: RE: [BEHAVE] Channel Number
>>
>>> -----Original Message-----
>>> From: behave-bounces@ietf.org
>>> [mailto:behave-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of Feng Liu
>>> Sent: Tuesday, April 22, 2008 3:17 PM
>>> To: behave@ietf.org
>>> Subject: [BEHAVE] Channel Number
>>>
>>> Dear BEHAVE experts,
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>> I have two questions regarding Channel Number in TURN, and
>>> would like to get your advice.
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>> Assume I have two TURN clients, and each wants to bind a
>>> channel to its peer. When TURN clients choose Channel
>>> Numbers, it is likely that they pick the same Channel Number
>>> (e.g., both clients are from the same vendor and have the
>>> same initial value and number selection algorithm).
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>> My question is: what is the behavior of the server in this
>>> case? Will the server accept one binding request and reject
>>> the other? Or it accepts both as two channel bindings are
>>> independent of each other?
>>
>> They are independent of each other because they are over
>> different TURN clients (different source IP address+port).  The
>> channel number is not unique for the entire TURN server; rather,
>> the channel number is unique for every TURN session with that
>> TURN server.
>>
>> -d
>>
>>>
>>> If the server accepts one and rejects another, according to
>>> the spec, one client will get a "bad request" response. My
>>> second question is: how can the client know the rejection is
>>> because the number is taken, as the server can reject the
>>> request for different reasons?
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>> Thanks,
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>> Feng
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>> Feng Liu, Ph.D.  | Research Scientist, Dialogue System
>>> Research Group | Avaya Labs Research  | Avaya | 233 Mt. Airy
>>> Road| Rm. 2D36 | Basking Ridge, NJ 07920 | Voice/Fax:
>>> 908-696-5156 / 908-696-5401 | fliu1@avaya.com
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>
>> _______________________________________________
>> Behave mailing list
>> Behave@ietf.org
>> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/behave
>>
>
>

_______________________________________________
Behave mailing list
Behave@ietf.org
https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/behave


From behave-bounces@ietf.org  Thu Apr 24 10:31:26 2008
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Date: Thu, 24 Apr 2008 19:31:25 +0200
From: Magnus Westerlund <magnus.westerlund@ericsson.com>
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Subject: [BEHAVE] Consensus call on Adding "Client" attribute to STUN
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This is a one week+ consensus call (until the 5th of May) if the WG =

thinks that STUN (draft-ietf-behave-rfc3489bis) shall be extended with =

an additional attribute "Client" before publication.

With the general description along the lines of:

    X.Y CLIENT

    The client attribute contains a textual description of the software
    being used by the client, including manufacturer and version number.
    The attribute has no impact on operation of the protocol, and serves
    only as a tool for diagnostic and debugging purposes.  The value of
    CLIENT is variable length.  It MUST be a UTF-8 [RFC3629] encoded
    sequence of less than 128 characters (which can be as long as 763
    bytes).

And some Security Considerations on the risk for targeted attacks =

against clients with this information. Plus other text needed to bring =

it in consistently

The text is open for wordsmithing by the editors of the STUN spec.

Please indicate your position on adding this or not.

Cheers

Magnus Westerlund

IETF Transport Area Director & TSVWG Chair
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Multimedia Technologies, Ericsson Research EAB/TVM
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Ericsson AB                | Phone +46 8 4048287
F=E4r=F6gatan 6                | Fax   +46 8 7575550
S-164 80 Stockholm, Sweden | mailto: magnus.westerlund@ericsson.com
----------------------------------------------------------------------

_______________________________________________
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Subject: Re: [BEHAVE] Channel Number
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Yes, I did see the paragraph, and that's where I got confused and asked for
clarification.

Feng


-----Original Message-----
From: Philip Matthews [mailto:philip_matthews@magma.ca] 
Sent: Thursday, April 24, 2008 12:47 PM
To: Feng Liu
Cc: 'Dan Wing'; behave@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [BEHAVE] Channel Number

I believe it is already there, and you likely just missed it in your  
reading. Specifically, the third paragraph in section 10 of TURN-07  
reads:

    Channel bindings are specific to an allocation, so that a binding in
    one allocation has no relationship to a binding in any other
    allocation.  If an allocation expires, all its channel bindings
    expire with it.

(A similar paragraph appears in the section on Permissions.)

But if you saw this paragraph but thought it meant something else,  
then please let me know.

- Philip



On Thu, 24-Apr-08, at 12:01 , Feng Liu wrote:
> Philip,
>
> I was confused by the spec, and the explanations from you and Dan  
> are much
> clearer for an outsider. Do you think it is a good idea to add it  
> into the
> draft?
>
> Thanks,
>
> Feng
>
> -----Original Message-----
> From: Philip Matthews [mailto:philip_matthews@magma.ca]
> Sent: Wednesday, April 23, 2008 10:10 PM
> To: Feng Liu
> Cc: 'Dan Wing'; behave@ietf.org
> Subject: Re: [BEHAVE] Channel Number
>
> To be more precise, channel numbers are local to an allocation, and
> the allocation is uniquely identified by the 5-tuple (client IP
> address, client port, server IP address, server port, transport
> protocol). Channel numbers, permissions, etc etc in two different
> allocations have nothing to do with each other.
>
> - Philip
>
> On Wed, 23-Apr-08, at 11:58 , Feng Liu wrote:
>> Thank you for clarifying it!
>>
>> Feng
>>
>>
>> -----Original Message-----
>> From: Dan Wing [mailto:dwing@cisco.com]
>> Sent: Tuesday, April 22, 2008 7:38 PM
>> To: 'Feng Liu'; behave@ietf.org
>> Subject: RE: [BEHAVE] Channel Number
>>
>>> -----Original Message-----
>>> From: behave-bounces@ietf.org
>>> [mailto:behave-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of Feng Liu
>>> Sent: Tuesday, April 22, 2008 3:17 PM
>>> To: behave@ietf.org
>>> Subject: [BEHAVE] Channel Number
>>>
>>> Dear BEHAVE experts,
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>> I have two questions regarding Channel Number in TURN, and
>>> would like to get your advice.
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>> Assume I have two TURN clients, and each wants to bind a
>>> channel to its peer. When TURN clients choose Channel
>>> Numbers, it is likely that they pick the same Channel Number
>>> (e.g., both clients are from the same vendor and have the
>>> same initial value and number selection algorithm).
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>> My question is: what is the behavior of the server in this
>>> case? Will the server accept one binding request and reject
>>> the other? Or it accepts both as two channel bindings are
>>> independent of each other?
>>
>> They are independent of each other because they are over
>> different TURN clients (different source IP address+port).  The
>> channel number is not unique for the entire TURN server; rather,
>> the channel number is unique for every TURN session with that
>> TURN server.
>>
>> -d
>>
>>>
>>> If the server accepts one and rejects another, according to
>>> the spec, one client will get a "bad request" response. My
>>> second question is: how can the client know the rejection is
>>> because the number is taken, as the server can reject the
>>> request for different reasons?
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>> Thanks,
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>> Feng
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>> Feng Liu, Ph.D.  | Research Scientist, Dialogue System
>>> Research Group | Avaya Labs Research  | Avaya | 233 Mt. Airy
>>> Road| Rm. 2D36 | Basking Ridge, NJ 07920 | Voice/Fax:
>>> 908-696-5156 / 908-696-5401 | fliu1@avaya.com
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>
>> _______________________________________________
>> Behave mailing list
>> Behave@ietf.org
>> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/behave
>>
>
>

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On Thu, 24-Apr-08, at 09:23 , Simon Perreault wrote:
> Hello,
>
> What is a STUN server supposed to use as error code when an unknown  
> method is
> received? From the list in 3489bis, Section 15.6, I'd be tempted to  
> pick
> either 400 or 500, depending on who I'm siding with, but this  
> doesn't seem
> right because it's really nobody's fault.
>
> Will people crucify me if I return a 501 Not Implemented, as in HTTP?


Section 7.3 of draft-ietf-behave-rfc3489bis-15 says (second paragraph):

    When a STUN agent receives a STUN message, it first checks that the
    message obeys the rules of Section 6.  It checks that the first two
    bits are 0, that the magic cookie field has the correct value, that
    the message length is sensible, and that the method value is a
    supported method.  If the message-class is Success Response or Error
    Response, the agent checks that the transaction ID matches a
    transaction that is still in progress.  If the FINGERPRINT extension
    is being used, the agent checks that the FINGERPRINT attribute is
    present and contains the correct value.  If any errors are detected,
    the message is silently discarded.  In the case when STUN is being
    multiplexed with another protocol, an error may indicate that this  
is
    not really a STUN message; in this case, the agent should try to
    parse the message as a different protocol.

Thus an implementation should silently discard an unsupported method.

- Philip


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At Thu, 24 Apr 2008 12:46:56 -0400,
Philip Matthews wrote:
> 
> I believe it is already there, and you likely just missed it in your  
> reading. Specifically, the third paragraph in section 10 of TURN-07  
> reads:
> 
>     Channel bindings are specific to an allocation, so that a binding in
>     one allocation has no relationship to a binding in any other
>     allocation.  If an allocation expires, all its channel bindings
>     expire with it.
> 
> (A similar paragraph appears in the section on Permissions.)
> 
> But if you saw this paragraph but thought it meant something else,  
> then please let me know.

I just realized we're going to be sorry about using the word "channel
binding" since this already has an established meaning in the SASL
half of the security community...

-Ekr
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On Thu, 24-Apr-08, at 09:57 , Simon Perreault wrote:
> Hi Benny,
>
> On Thursday 24 April 2008 09:49:20 Benny Prijono wrote:
>> From my understanding, it doesn't have to be like that. Server may
>> just retransmit the same failure response for the same request
>> retransmission if it wants to. In fact I think server should do this
>> especially for non-idempotent requests, otherwise we may end up with
>> different state between the client and the server. For example,
>> imagine when TURN server first returns failure response, then
>> successful response on the second Allocate retransmission. Client  
>> most
>> likely will ignore the second response retransmission, hence client
>> thinks that the Allocate has failed while the server thinks it has
>> been successful.
>
> I think you're right and that the spec should be changed. Any kind  
> of response
> (success or error) for any kind of request (indempotent or not)  
> should be
> remembered and retransmitted when a duplicate request is detected.  
> This is
> transport-level stuff which doesn't have to be concerned about
> application-level stuff.

I agree. We had implicitly assumed that it was ok to report different  
failure codes or succeed after reporting failure, but Benny's example  
shows this is not true.

Note that the request MUST have the same transaction id. If it has a  
different transaction id, then it is a different transaction (and thus  
not a resent) and the behavior can be different.

- Philip

  
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On Thu, 3-Apr-08, at 00:32 , R=E9mi Denis-Courmont wrote:
> Le Thursday 03 April 2008 00:27:12 ext Marc Petit-Huguenin, vous  =

> avez =E9crit :
>> I think that I found a contradiction between turn-07 and turn- =

>> ipv6-04:
>>
>> In turn-07 section 6.2, "When allocating a relayed transport  =

>> address for
>> the allocation, the server MUST allocate an IP address of the same
>> family (e.g, IPv4 vs. IPv6) as the server's transport address."
>>
>> In turn-ipv6 section 5.1, "If the REQUESTED-ADDRESS-TYPE attribute is
>> absent, the server MUST allocate a IPv4 transport address to the TURN
>> client."
>>
>> My understanding before trying to implement turn-07 was that TURN
>> without turn-ipv6 always allocates an IPv4 relayed transport  =

>> address -
>> in other words that a REQUESTED-ADDRESS-TYPE with a family value  =

>> equals
>> to 0x01 is equivalent to no REQUESTED-ADDRESS-TYPE.
>>
>> Who's right?
>
> IMHO, I think TURN-07 is wrong and TURN-IPv6 is right.
>
> The relay cannot know if there was a protocol translator in the  =

> middle, so
> that would be the only way to obtain sane defaults.
>
> So either the client must always explicitly specify the address  =

> family, or the
> default should be independent of the relay-reflexive address of the  =

> client.

Sorry to be slow in replying here.

I would really prefer to stick with the current turn-07 proposal and  =

fix turn-ipv6 to match.

If we went with the turn0-ipv6 proposal, then the base TURN  =

specification would have to specify how to relay between IPv6 and  =

IPv4. This would happen if the server's transport address was IPv6,  =

since the base specification would always allocate a v4 relayed- =

transport-address. In particular, the base spec would have to go into  =

the details of how to translate the IP headers when doing "fully- =

compliant relaying" (as described at the last meeting in Philly). This  =

I would really like to avoid.

So instead, a TURN client much check the address family of the relayed- =

transport-address it gets back, just like it much check the address  =

family of the mapped-address (these two families will always be the  =

same under the current base spec proposal). If the client cannot  =

handle this family, then it must delete the allocation.

If the WG feels this is not acceptable, then I will propose that we  =

remove all handling of IPv6 from the base spec, and let draft-ietf- =

behave-turn-ipv6 cover these cases.

- Philip


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Subject: Re: [BEHAVE] Consensus call on Adding "Client" attribute to STUN
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Hi

I support adding the CLIENT attribute.


/alfred

Magnus Westerlund wrote:
> This is a one week+ consensus call (until the 5th of May) if the WG =

> thinks that STUN (draft-ietf-behave-rfc3489bis) shall be extended with =

> an additional attribute "Client" before publication.
> =

> With the general description along the lines of:
> =

>     X.Y CLIENT
> =

>     The client attribute contains a textual description of the software
>     being used by the client, including manufacturer and version number.
>     The attribute has no impact on operation of the protocol, and serves
>     only as a tool for diagnostic and debugging purposes.  The value of
>     CLIENT is variable length.  It MUST be a UTF-8 [RFC3629] encoded
>     sequence of less than 128 characters (which can be as long as 763
>     bytes).
> =

> And some Security Considerations on the risk for targeted attacks =

> against clients with this information. Plus other text needed to bring =

> it in consistently
> =

> The text is open for wordsmithing by the editors of the STUN spec.
> =

> Please indicate your position on adding this or not.
> =

> Cheers
> =

> Magnus Westerlund
> =

> IETF Transport Area Director & TSVWG Chair
> ----------------------------------------------------------------------
> Multimedia Technologies, Ericsson Research EAB/TVM
> ----------------------------------------------------------------------
> Ericsson AB                | Phone +46 8 4048287
> F=E4r=F6gatan 6                | Fax   +46 8 7575550
> S-164 80 Stockholm, Sweden | mailto: magnus.westerlund@ericsson.com
> ----------------------------------------------------------------------
> =

> _______________________________________________
> Behave mailing list
> Behave@ietf.org
> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/behave



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From behave-bounces@ietf.org  Thu Apr 24 14:49:35 2008
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From: Bruce Lowekamp <lowekamp@sipeerior.com>
Date: Thu, 24 Apr 2008 17:49:36 -0400
To: Simon Perreault <simon.perreault@viagenie.ca>
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Subject: Re: [BEHAVE] Duplicate request handling
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On Apr 24, 2008, at 9:57 AM, Simon Perreault wrote:
> Hi Benny,
>
> On Thursday 24 April 2008 09:49:20 Benny Prijono wrote:
>> From my understanding, it doesn't have to be like that. Server may
>> just retransmit the same failure response for the same request
>> retransmission if it wants to. In fact I think server should do this
>> especially for non-idempotent requests, otherwise we may end up with
>> different state between the client and the server. For example,
>> imagine when TURN server first returns failure response, then
>> successful response on the second Allocate retransmission. Client  
>> most
>> likely will ignore the second response retransmission, hence client
>> thinks that the Allocate has failed while the server thinks it has
>> been successful.
>
> I think you're right and that the spec should be changed. Any kind  
> of response
> (success or error) for any kind of request (indempotent or not)  
> should be
> remembered and retransmitted when a duplicate request is detected.  
> This is
> transport-level stuff which doesn't have to be concerned about
> application-level stuff.
>

I think this is really imposing a lot of state on a stun server to  
solve a problem that's already solved by what's in  the text.  A TURN  
allocate is not idempotent.  You have to remember the response per  
transaction id.  That's already covered by 7.3.1.

To impose that requirement for all STUN transactions essentially  
prevents a high-throughput stun server (for binding requests) from  
being deployed.  If all it's doing is binding requests, the entire  
server really is very minimal and requires little state.  13 says  
that a basic STUN server SHOULD NOT use authentication, which is also  
there to minimize the state required for a pure STUN server.  The  
resulting service can be very high throughput with minimalistic  
resources.  If it has to cache every response it's issued over the  
last 40 seconds, that's a huge data structure that serves no useful  
purpose as far as I can tell.

Bruce

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On Thursday 24 April 2008 17:49:36 Bruce Lowekamp wrote:
> To impose that requirement for all STUN transactions essentially
> prevents a high-throughput stun server (for binding requests) from
> being deployed.  If all it's doing is binding requests, the entire
> server really is very minimal and requires little state.  13 says
> that a basic STUN server SHOULD NOT use authentication, which is also
> there to minimize the state required for a pure STUN server.  The
> resulting service can be very high throughput with minimalistic
> resources.  If it has to cache every response it's issued over the
> last 40 seconds, that's a huge data structure that serves no useful
> purpose as far as I can tell.

No. A response to a Binding request doesn't depend on any state. So you don't 
have to remember all past responses.

What I meant was that a response, success or not, indempotent or not, should 
be the same for a given transaction ID during the 40 seconds following the 
initial reception. As is already mentioned in the draft, you can store the 
past responses or you can generate a new response from scratch if it 
generates the same response.
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On Apr 24, 2008, at 6:26 PM, Simon Perreault wrote:
> On Thursday 24 April 2008 17:49:36 Bruce Lowekamp wrote:
>> To impose that requirement for all STUN transactions essentially
>> prevents a high-throughput stun server (for binding requests) from
>> being deployed.  If all it's doing is binding requests, the entire
>> server really is very minimal and requires little state.  13 says
>> that a basic STUN server SHOULD NOT use authentication, which is also
>> there to minimize the state required for a pure STUN server.  The
>> resulting service can be very high throughput with minimalistic
>> resources.  If it has to cache every response it's issued over the
>> last 40 seconds, that's a huge data structure that serves no useful
>> purpose as far as I can tell.
>
> No. A response to a Binding request doesn't depend on any state. So  
> you don't
> have to remember all past responses.
>
> What I meant was that a response, success or not, indempotent or  
> not, should
> be the same for a given transaction ID during the 40 seconds  
> following the
> initial reception. As is already mentioned in the draft, you can  
> store the
> past responses or you can generate a new response from scratch if it
> generates the same response.


OK, great.  Then we agree.  When your previous message said "any  
response should be remembered"  and that it was a transport-level  
issue and not application, I had the other impression.

Bruce
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> On Thursday 24 April 2008 17:49:36 Bruce Lowekamp wrote:
> > To impose that requirement for all STUN transactions essentially
> > prevents a high-throughput stun server (for binding requests) from
> > being deployed.  If all it's doing is binding requests, the entire
> > server really is very minimal and requires little state.  13 says
> > that a basic STUN server SHOULD NOT use authentication, 
> > which is also
> > there to minimize the state required for a pure STUN server.  The
> > resulting service can be very high throughput with minimalistic
> > resources.  If it has to cache every response it's issued over the
> > last 40 seconds, that's a huge data structure that serves no useful
> > purpose as far as I can tell.
> 
> No. A response to a Binding request doesn't depend on any 
> state. So you don't 
> have to remember all past responses.
> 
> What I meant was that a response, success or not, indempotent 
> or not, should 
> be the same for a given transaction ID during the 40 seconds 
> following the 
> initial reception. As is already mentioned in the draft, you 
> can store the 
> past responses or you can generate a new response from scratch if it 
> generates the same response.

Let me throw a wrench into this discussion...

Considering the current text in rfc3489bis, imagine the following
occurs:

  1. STUN client sends a STUN request, which traverses a NAT and 
     arrives at STUN server, and STUN server generates a response.
  2. The NAT in front of the STUN client crashes before the response
     is received.
  3. The NAT in front of the STUN client reboots 5 seconds later and
     becomes operational.
  4. The STUN client's NNth retransmission is sent, which gets a 
     different mapping than (1).
  
Per the text in rfc3489bis, because the transaction-id is the same,
the reponse is supposed to be the same.

But in the case above, we wouldn't want that, would we??


(If you don't like "NAT crashes", or you feel a NAT cannot boot back
up in 5 seconds then consider a slightly different case:  the home
network is multi-homed (two NATs to two different ISPs), and 
one of the NATs dies (or one ISP dies) and the other NAT begins
routing traffic from the STUN client towards the Internet.  This 
would cause the same situation as above.)

-d

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On Thursday 24 April 2008 18:43:36 Dan Wing wrote:
> Let me throw a wrench into this discussion...
>
> Considering the current text in rfc3489bis, imagine the following
> occurs:
>
>   1. STUN client sends a STUN request, which traverses a NAT and
>      arrives at STUN server, and STUN server generates a response.
>   2. The NAT in front of the STUN client crashes before the response
>      is received.
>   3. The NAT in front of the STUN client reboots 5 seconds later and
>      becomes operational.
>   4. The STUN client's NNth retransmission is sent, which gets a
>      different mapping than (1).
>
> Per the text in rfc3489bis, because the transaction-id is the same,
> the reponse is supposed to be the same.
>
> But in the case above, we wouldn't want that, would we??

Yes it should be the same. That's what we want. Just consider it like a 
retransmission, as if we were operating over TCP.

The client will know its new mapped address when it issues a new Binding 
request, with a new transaction ID. Exactly the same as the case when the NAT 
crashes and reboots after the response was received correctly. There's a 
certain amount of time during which the client will have a wrong mapped 
address and the RTP (or whatever else) will get lost and everyone will wonder 
why and then we'll curse at NATs and we'll all migrate to IPv6 and they lived 
happily ever after.
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From: Eric Rescorla <ekr@networkresonance.com>
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At Thu, 24 Apr 2008 14:56:24 -0400,
Philip Matthews wrote:
At Thu, 24 Apr 2008 14:56:24 -0400,
Philip Matthews wrote:
> 
> 
> On Thu, 24-Apr-08, at 09:23 , Simon Perreault wrote:
> > Hello,
> >
> > What is a STUN server supposed to use as error code when an unknown  
> > method is
> > received? From the list in 3489bis, Section 15.6, I'd be tempted to  
> > pick
> > either 400 or 500, depending on who I'm siding with, but this  
> > doesn't seem
> > right because it's really nobody's fault.
> >
> > Will people crucify me if I return a 501 Not Implemented, as in HTTP?
> 
> 
> Section 7.3 of draft-ietf-behave-rfc3489bis-15 says (second paragraph):
> 
>     When a STUN agent receives a STUN message, it first checks that the
>     message obeys the rules of Section 6.  It checks that the first two
>     bits are 0, that the magic cookie field has the correct value, that
>     the message length is sensible, and that the method value is a
>     supported method.  If the message-class is Success Response or Error
>     Response, the agent checks that the transaction ID matches a
>     transaction that is still in progress.  If the FINGERPRINT extension
>     is being used, the agent checks that the FINGERPRINT attribute is
>     present and contains the correct value.  If any errors are detected,
>     the message is silently discarded.  In the case when STUN is being
>     multiplexed with another protocol, an error may indicate that this  
> is
>     not really a STUN message; in this case, the agent should try to
>     parse the message as a different protocol.
> 
> Thus an implementation should silently discard an unsupported method.

Wow. I totally never noticed this. 

So, I get the reasoning for silent discards for cases where we're not
sure that this is STUN or not, but if everything but the method looks
right, wouldn't it make more sense to send an error?

-Ekr

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On Thursday 24 April 2008 18:52:13 Simon Perreault wrote:
> On Thursday 24 April 2008 18:43:36 Dan Wing wrote:
> > Let me throw a wrench into this discussion...
> >
> > Considering the current text in rfc3489bis, imagine the following
> > occurs:
> >
> >   1. STUN client sends a STUN request, which traverses a NAT and
> >      arrives at STUN server, and STUN server generates a response.
> >   2. The NAT in front of the STUN client crashes before the response
> >      is received.
> >   3. The NAT in front of the STUN client reboots 5 seconds later and
> >      becomes operational.
> >   4. The STUN client's NNth retransmission is sent, which gets a
> >      different mapping than (1).
> >
> > Per the text in rfc3489bis, because the transaction-id is the same,
> > the reponse is supposed to be the same.
> >
> > But in the case above, we wouldn't want that, would we??
>
> Yes it should be the same. That's what we want. Just consider it like a
> retransmission, as if we were operating over TCP.

Precision because I wasn't making a lot of sense:

It might appear in this case that the stateless server is better because it 
reacts faster to changes in the network. But then it introduces the potential 
to confuse the client when it receives multiple responses to the same request 
containing different content.

So it might appear that you *do* need to remember all previous responses. But 
that would be a stupid thing to do from an implementor's point of view for 
the case of a Binding-only STUN server. So just generate a new response, let 
the client be confused and sort it out (i.e. by using the first one received 
and throwing all other duplicate responses).

So my only gripe with the current text is that it applies only to success 
responses. Remove the "success" part and be done with it.
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On Thursday 24 April 2008 18:57:34 Eric Rescorla wrote:
> So, I get the reasoning for silent discards for cases where we're not
> sure that this is STUN or not, but if everything but the method looks
> right, wouldn't it make more sense to send an error?

+1
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On Thu, 24-Apr-08, at 18:57 , Eric Rescorla wrote:
> At Thu, 24 Apr 2008 14:56:24 -0400,
> Philip Matthews wrote:
> At Thu, 24 Apr 2008 14:56:24 -0400,
> Philip Matthews wrote:
>>
>>
>> On Thu, 24-Apr-08, at 09:23 , Simon Perreault wrote:
>>> Hello,
>>>
>>> What is a STUN server supposed to use as error code when an unknown
>>> method is
>>> received? From the list in 3489bis, Section 15.6, I'd be tempted to
>>> pick
>>> either 400 or 500, depending on who I'm siding with, but this
>>> doesn't seem
>>> right because it's really nobody's fault.
>>>
>>> Will people crucify me if I return a 501 Not Implemented, as in  
>>> HTTP?
>>
>>
>> Section 7.3 of draft-ietf-behave-rfc3489bis-15 says (second  
>> paragraph):
>>
>>    When a STUN agent receives a STUN message, it first checks that  
>> the
>>    message obeys the rules of Section 6.  It checks that the first  
>> two
>>    bits are 0, that the magic cookie field has the correct value,  
>> that
>>    the message length is sensible, and that the method value is a
>>    supported method.  If the message-class is Success Response or  
>> Error
>>    Response, the agent checks that the transaction ID matches a
>>    transaction that is still in progress.  If the FINGERPRINT  
>> extension
>>    is being used, the agent checks that the FINGERPRINT attribute is
>>    present and contains the correct value.  If any errors are  
>> detected,
>>    the message is silently discarded.  In the case when STUN is being
>>    multiplexed with another protocol, an error may indicate that this
>> is
>>    not really a STUN message; in this case, the agent should try to
>>    parse the message as a different protocol.
>>
>> Thus an implementation should silently discard an unsupported method.
>
> Wow. I totally never noticed this.
>
> So, I get the reasoning for silent discards for cases where we're not
> sure that this is STUN or not, but if everything but the method looks
> right, wouldn't it make more sense to send an error?

Perhaps.
It would certainly allow the client to more rapidly detect that the  
server doesn't support a particular method, since right now the client  
has to wait the 40 second timeout period to be certain.
However, I vaguely remember thinking when I wrote the above text, that  
there were cases where a silent discard was desirable. Unfortunately,  
I cannot remember any right now. (And, when I wrote the text, the  
timeout period was 10 seconds, not 40...)

- Philip

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	draft-ietf-avt-app-rtp-keepalive-03.txt
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Le Wednesday 23 April 2008 21:55:37 ext Tom Taylor, vous avez =E9crit=A0:
> This is to announce Working Group Last Call for
> draft-ietf-avt-app-rtp-keepalive-03.txt. Assuming all goes well, the Last
> Call period will end on May 7.

I am fine with the document (especially, the conclusion). However, if I wan=
t =

to split hairs, I would argue that the 0-bytes packet stuff is slightly =

incorrect.

Namely, sending 0 bytes packet works for any RTP-capable transport protocol=
. =

Indeed, it works not only for UDP and DCCP, but also for UDP-Lite and =

RTP-framing-in-TCP. I would hence argue that is _not_ specific to =

UDP/DCCP/whatever, contrary to the claims thereto in the document.

-- =

R=E9mi Denis-Courmont
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Le Thursday 24 April 2008 20:31:25 ext Magnus Westerlund, vous avez =E9crit=
=A0:
> This is a one week+ consensus call (until the 5th of May) if the WG
> thinks that STUN (draft-ietf-behave-rfc3489bis) shall be extended with
> an additional attribute "Client" before publication.
(...)
> Please indicate your position on adding this or not.

I support the addition.

-- =

R=E9mi Denis-Courmont
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Le Friday 25 April 2008 01:52:13 ext Simon Perreault, vous avez =E9crit=A0:
> > Considering the current text in rfc3489bis, imagine the following
> > occurs:
> >
> >   1. STUN client sends a STUN request, which traverses a NAT and
> >      arrives at STUN server, and STUN server generates a response.
> >   2. The NAT in front of the STUN client crashes before the response
> >      is received.
> >   3. The NAT in front of the STUN client reboots 5 seconds later and
> >      becomes operational.
> >   4. The STUN client's NNth retransmission is sent, which gets a
> >      different mapping than (1).
> >
> > Per the text in rfc3489bis, because the transaction-id is the same,
> > the reponse is supposed to be the same.
> >
> > But in the case above, we wouldn't want that, would we??
>
> Yes it should be the same. That's what we want. Just consider it like a
> retransmission, as if we were operating over TCP.

Oh, no. I strongly disagree. If the NAT reboots and yields a different =

mapping, the TURN server has to consider this is a different client, hence =

return a different result.

Imagine a client with weak transaction ID randomness (which may be unavoida=
ble =

given 1/ hardware constraints, and 2/ that "secure" randomness is better us=
ed =

for cryptography than for NAT traversal). We'd have a trivial denial of =

service attack/hijacking.

In the case Dan describes, there is no problem in considering the two reque=
sts =

as different. The earlier mapping will simply expire, as the client will us=
e =

the later one.

-- =

R=E9mi Denis-Courmont
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Le Thursday 24 April 2008 16:49:20 ext Benny Prijono, vous avez =E9crit=A0:
> Server may
> just retransmit the same failure response for the same request
> retransmission if it wants to. In fact I think server should do this
> especially for non-idempotent requests, otherwise we may end up with
> different state between the client and the server. For example,
> imagine when TURN server first returns failure response, then
> successful response on the second Allocate retransmission. Client most
> likely will ignore the second response retransmission, hence client
> thinks that the Allocate has failed while the server thinks it has
> been successful.

So what is the big deal? The server will just garbage collect the allocatio=
n =

eventually. This is perfectly normal operation. Clients can always "vanish" =

unexpectedly, such as if their network connection fails.

It's totally fine if the server thinks a request has succeeded and the clie=
nt =

thinks it's failed. Only the opposite would be an issue.

-- =

R=E9mi Denis-Courmont
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On Friday 25 April 2008 03:09:55 R=E9mi Denis-Courmont wrote:
> Oh, no. I strongly disagree. If the NAT reboots and yields a different
> mapping, the TURN server has to consider this is a different client, hence
> return a different result.

Can I s/TURN/STUN/ or you were really talking about the specifics of TURN?

So basically what you're saying is that a transaction is identified not onl=
y =

by the transaction ID but also by the mapped address. The STUN 3-tuple? ;) =

But the text doesn't specify that.

I can't think of any situation where what you're suggesting wouldn't be the =

right thing to do.

And, once again, a server that remembers responses and another that =

regenerates new ones for indempotent request would yield exactly the same =

result if they detect retransmissions by considering the 3-tuple instead of =

only the TID.
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From: Bruce Lowekamp <lowekamp@sipeerior.com>
Date: Thu, 24 Apr 2008 18:36:38 -0400
To: Simon Perreault <simon.perreault@viagenie.ca>
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On Apr 24, 2008, at 6:26 PM, Simon Perreault wrote:
> On Thursday 24 April 2008 17:49:36 Bruce Lowekamp wrote:
>> To impose that requirement for all STUN transactions essentially
>> prevents a high-throughput stun server (for binding requests) from
>> being deployed.  If all it's doing is binding requests, the entire
>> server really is very minimal and requires little state.  13 says
>> that a basic STUN server SHOULD NOT use authentication, which is also
>> there to minimize the state required for a pure STUN server.  The
>> resulting service can be very high throughput with minimalistic
>> resources.  If it has to cache every response it's issued over the
>> last 40 seconds, that's a huge data structure that serves no useful
>> purpose as far as I can tell.
>
> No. A response to a Binding request doesn't depend on any state. So  
> you don't
> have to remember all past responses.
>
> What I meant was that a response, success or not, indempotent or  
> not, should
> be the same for a given transaction ID during the 40 seconds  
> following the
> initial reception. As is already mentioned in the draft, you can  
> store the
> past responses or you can generate a new response from scratch if it
> generates the same response.


OK, great.  Then we agree.  When your previous message said "any  
response should be remembered"  and that it was a transport-level  
issue and not application, I had the other impression.

Bruce
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On Fri, Apr 25, 2008 at 8:12 AM, R=E9mi Denis-Courmont
<remi.denis-courmont@nokia.com> wrote:
> Le Thursday 24 April 2008 16:49:20 ext Benny Prijono, vous avez =E9crit :
>
> > Server may
>  > just retransmit the same failure response for the same request
>  > retransmission if it wants to. In fact I think server should do this
>  > especially for non-idempotent requests, otherwise we may end up with
>  > different state between the client and the server. For example,
>  > imagine when TURN server first returns failure response, then
>  > successful response on the second Allocate retransmission. Client most
>  > likely will ignore the second response retransmission, hence client
>  > thinks that the Allocate has failed while the server thinks it has
>  > been successful.
>
>  So what is the big deal? The server will just garbage collect the alloca=
tion
>  eventually. This is perfectly normal operation. Clients can always "vani=
sh"
>  unexpectedly, such as if their network connection fails.
>

Sure client vanishing in TURN is not a big deal and it's just
something that we have to accept in real life.

>  It's totally fine if the server thinks a request has succeeded and the c=
lient
>  thinks it's failed. Only the opposite would be an issue.
>

I disagree here. Big deal or not, I think it just doesn't make sense
to return both failure and successful response in the same
transaction.

If server resource is your concern, Simon's proposal doesn't suggest
that server must always cache failure responses. It only suggests that
server returns the same failure response for the same request (or
should it be the same failure class?), which means that server can
always return 400 or 401 response statelessly for example, since
retransmission of the request will always yield the same response. I
think this is good and I support that.

Cheers
 Benny


>  --
>  R=E9mi Denis-Courmont
>
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On Fri, Apr 25, 2008 at 12:51 PM, Simon Perreault
<simon.perreault@viagenie.ca> wrote:
> On Friday 25 April 2008 03:09:55 R=E9mi Denis-Courmont wrote:
>  > Oh, no. I strongly disagree. If the NAT reboots and yields a different
>  > mapping, the TURN server has to consider this is a different client, h=
ence
>  > return a different result.
>
>  Can I s/TURN/STUN/ or you were really talking about the specifics of TUR=
N?
>
>  So basically what you're saying is that a transaction is identified not =
only
>  by the transaction ID but also by the mapped address. The STUN 3-tuple? =
;)
>  But the text doesn't specify that.
>

Interestingly we probably do this already in TURN. In TURN, the
5-tuple matching would probably the very first thing that the server
checks when processing a packet, to get the client allocation context.
It may do this even before passing the request to STUN "transaction
layer". Well at least that's what I do in my code, since response
retransmission is done by (or in the context of) client allocation,
once the client allocation is created by the first successful
response. So in this case, the request retransmission after NAT reboot
will be handled as a brand new allocation since the 5-tuple is
different.

>  I can't think of any situation where what you're suggesting wouldn't be =
the
>  right thing to do.
>

Well it kinds of breaks the idempotent-ness property of a request
(imagine if we have PleaseDebitMyBankAccount request in STUN, your
account will be debited twice). It may also not help if the client
receives two different successful responses, as the client will ignore
the second response and we're back with the same problem.

On the other hand, this may have an advantage, for example when only
the later responses get through after NAT reboot hence client will get
the latest result, and it's natural with what we do in TURN.

Frankly I'm not sure which one to choose.

>  And, once again, a server that remembers responses and another that
>  regenerates new ones for indempotent request would yield exactly the same
>  result if they detect retransmissions by considering the 3-tuple instead=
 of
>  only the TID.
>

I agree.

Cheers
 Benny
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On Apr 24, 2008, at 7:00 PM, Simon Perreault wrote:
> On Thursday 24 April 2008 18:52:13 Simon Perreault wrote:
>> On Thursday 24 April 2008 18:43:36 Dan Wing wrote:
>>> Let me throw a wrench into this discussion...
>>>
>>> Considering the current text in rfc3489bis, imagine the following
>>> occurs:
>>>
>>>   1. STUN client sends a STUN request, which traverses a NAT and
>>>      arrives at STUN server, and STUN server generates a response.
>>>   2. The NAT in front of the STUN client crashes before the response
>>>      is received.
>>>   3. The NAT in front of the STUN client reboots 5 seconds later and
>>>      becomes operational.
>>>   4. The STUN client's NNth retransmission is sent, which gets a
>>>      different mapping than (1).
>>>
>>> Per the text in rfc3489bis, because the transaction-id is the same,
>>> the reponse is supposed to be the same.
>>>
>>> But in the case above, we wouldn't want that, would we??
>>
>> Yes it should be the same. That's what we want. Just consider it  
>> like a
>> retransmission, as if we were operating over TCP.
>
> Precision because I wasn't making a lot of sense:
>
> It might appear in this case that the stateless server is better  
> because it
> reacts faster to changes in the network. But then it introduces the  
> potential
> to confuse the client when it receives multiple responses to the  
> same request
> containing different content.
>

A client following the rules of 7.3 will discard the second response  
("the agent checks that the transaction ID matches a transaction that  
is still in progress").  Presumably if someone implements a client  
that doesn't both to remember its own transaction IDs, they either  
know it doesn't matter for their application or it's just a bug.


> So it might appear that you *do* need to remember all previous  
> responses. But
> that would be a stupid thing to do from an implementor's point of  
> view for
> the case of a Binding-only STUN server. So just generate a new  
> response, let
> the client be confused and sort it out (i.e. by using the first one  
> received
> and throwing all other duplicate responses).
>
> So my only gripe with the current text is that it applies only to  
> success
> responses. Remove the "success" part and be done with it.

I've been trying to construct a case where it matters that the  
response isn't a success response.  The only case I've been able to  
come up with is 500.  In that case, the server has said it has a  
temporary error and the client can retry.  The client is allowed to  
resend the original request.  But since all 300 and 400 response  
codes indicate the current transaction has failed (although in many  
cases it may be retried, I believe it will always be a new tid), I  
think in those cases the response should always be the same.

Bruce

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It seems like the intention should be something along the lines of  
(merging in a clarification from the duplicate request handling issue):

When a STUN agent receives a STUN message, it first checks that the    
message obeys the rules of Section 6.  It checks that the first two    
bits are 0, that the magic cookie field has the correct value, and  
that   the message length is sensible.  If the FINGERPRINT  
extension   is being used, the agent checks that the FINGERPRINT  
attribute is   present and contains the correct value.  If any of  
these conditions are not met, the message is silently discarded or,  
in the case when STUN is being   multiplexed with another protocol,   
the agent should try to   parse the message as a different protocol.

If the message-class is Success Response or Error   Response, the  
agent checks that the transaction ID matches a   transaction that is  
still in progress.   If the transaction ID does not match an in- 
progress transaction, the response is silently discarded.


Then move the case of the unknown method check to 7.3.1 and return a  
400 (actually, I think a new error response would be appropriate here).

Actually, I think there's a bizarre pathological case here.  I don't  
see a specification that Is there a requirement anywhere in the  
protocol that the UAC must check that the method in a response  
matches the method in the request.  So possibly the above tid check  
should also check that the method matches the original request.

Bruce



On Apr 24, 2008, at 10:48 PM, Philip Matthews wrote:
>
> On Thu, 24-Apr-08, at 18:57 , Eric Rescorla wrote:
>> At Thu, 24 Apr 2008 14:56:24 -0400,
>> Philip Matthews wrote:
>> At Thu, 24 Apr 2008 14:56:24 -0400,
>> Philip Matthews wrote:
>>>
>>>
>>> On Thu, 24-Apr-08, at 09:23 , Simon Perreault wrote:
>>>> Hello,
>>>>
>>>> What is a STUN server supposed to use as error code when an unknown
>>>> method is
>>>> received? From the list in 3489bis, Section 15.6, I'd be tempted to
>>>> pick
>>>> either 400 or 500, depending on who I'm siding with, but this
>>>> doesn't seem
>>>> right because it's really nobody's fault.
>>>>
>>>> Will people crucify me if I return a 501 Not Implemented, as in
>>>> HTTP?
>>>
>>>
>>> Section 7.3 of draft-ietf-behave-rfc3489bis-15 says (second
>>> paragraph):
>>>
>>>    When a STUN agent receives a STUN message, it first checks that
>>> the
>>>    message obeys the rules of Section 6.  It checks that the first
>>> two
>>>    bits are 0, that the magic cookie field has the correct value,
>>> that
>>>    the message length is sensible, and that the method value is a
>>>    supported method.  If the message-class is Success Response or
>>> Error
>>>    Response, the agent checks that the transaction ID matches a
>>>    transaction that is still in progress.  If the FINGERPRINT
>>> extension
>>>    is being used, the agent checks that the FINGERPRINT attribute is
>>>    present and contains the correct value.  If any errors are
>>> detected,
>>>    the message is silently discarded.  In the case when STUN is  
>>> being
>>>    multiplexed with another protocol, an error may indicate that  
>>> this
>>> is
>>>    not really a STUN message; in this case, the agent should try to
>>>    parse the message as a different protocol.
>>>
>>> Thus an implementation should silently discard an unsupported  
>>> method.
>>
>> Wow. I totally never noticed this.
>>
>> So, I get the reasoning for silent discards for cases where we're not
>> sure that this is STUN or not, but if everything but the method looks
>> right, wouldn't it make more sense to send an error?
>
> Perhaps.
> It would certainly allow the client to more rapidly detect that the
> server doesn't support a particular method, since right now the client
> has to wait the 40 second timeout period to be certain.
> However, I vaguely remember thinking when I wrote the above text, that
> there were cases where a silent discard was desirable. Unfortunately,
> I cannot remember any right now. (And, when I wrote the text, the
> timeout period was 10 seconds, not 40...)
>
> - Philip
>
> _______________________________________________
> Behave mailing list
> Behave@ietf.org
> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/behave
>

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Subject: Re: [BEHAVE] Consensus call on Adding "Client" attribute to STUN
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On Apr 24, 2008, at 1:31 PM, Magnus Westerlund wrote:
> This is a one week+ consensus call (until the 5th of May) if the WG
> thinks that STUN (draft-ietf-behave-rfc3489bis) shall be extended with
> an additional attribute "Client" before publication.
>
> With the general description along the lines of:
>
>     X.Y CLIENT
>
>     The client attribute contains a textual description of the  
> software
>     being used by the client, including manufacturer and version  
> number.
>     The attribute has no impact on operation of the protocol, and  
> serves
>     only as a tool for diagnostic and debugging purposes.  The  
> value of
>     CLIENT is variable length.  It MUST be a UTF-8 [RFC3629] encoded
>     sequence of less than 128 characters (which can be as long as 763
>     bytes).
>
> And some Security Considerations on the risk for targeted attacks
> against clients with this information. Plus other text needed to bring
> it in consistently
>
> The text is open for wordsmithing by the editors of the STUN spec.
>
> Please indicate your position on adding this or not.

I support the addition as long as it is a comprehension-optional  
attribute.

Bruce
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I am not the editor of ietf-behave-rfc3489bis.

However, if I was the editor, I would ask:
1) Is this an important enough change to modify a document that is  
almost through IESG processing (and which has TWICE gone through WGLC)?
2) What do existing deployed STUN servers do today?

Unlike the proposed new CLIENT attribute, this proposed change does  
not add any new functionality, but just gives faster recovery from an  
error case.

How many people think that a change along the lines that Bruce  
sketched below is important?

- Philip

PS. I agree that, _if_ we were to make this change, a new error code  
would be appropriate.
PPS. I also agree that a client implemented using defensive  
programming techniques should confirm that the method in the response  
matches that in the request, even though the match on the transaction  
id should guarantee this.
PPPS. And I still wonder if there are not cases where we want a silent  
drop, and not an error response.

On Fri, 25-Apr-08, at 10:25 , Bruce Lowekamp wrote:
>
> It seems like the intention should be something along the lines of  
> (merging in a clarification from the duplicate request handling  
> issue):
>
> When a STUN agent receives a STUN message, it first checks that  
> the   message obeys the rules of Section 6.  It checks that the  
> first two   bits are 0, that the magic cookie field has the correct  
> value, and that   the message length is sensible.  If the  
> FINGERPRINT extension   is being used, the agent checks that the  
> FINGERPRINT attribute is   present and contains the correct value.   
> If any of these conditions are not met, the message is silently  
> discarded or, in the case when STUN is being   multiplexed with  
> another protocol,  the agent should try to   parse the message as a  
> different protocol.
>
> If the message-class is Success Response or Error   Response, the  
> agent checks that the transaction ID matches a   transaction that is  
> still in progress.   If the transaction ID does not match an in- 
> progress transaction, the response is silently discarded.
>
>
> Then move the case of the unknown method check to 7.3.1 and return a  
> 400 (actually, I think a new error response would be appropriate  
> here).
>
> Actually, I think there's a bizarre pathological case here.  I don't  
> see a specification that Is there a requirement anywhere in the  
> protocol that the UAC must check that the method in a response  
> matches the method in the request.  So possibly the above tid check  
> should also check that the method matches the original request.
>
> Bruce
>
>
>
> On Apr 24, 2008, at 10:48 PM, Philip Matthews wrote:
>>
>> On Thu, 24-Apr-08, at 18:57 , Eric Rescorla wrote:
>>> At Thu, 24 Apr 2008 14:56:24 -0400,
>>> Philip Matthews wrote:
>>> At Thu, 24 Apr 2008 14:56:24 -0400,
>>> Philip Matthews wrote:
>>>>
>>>>
>>>> On Thu, 24-Apr-08, at 09:23 , Simon Perreault wrote:
>>>>> Hello,
>>>>>
>>>>> What is a STUN server supposed to use as error code when an  
>>>>> unknown
>>>>> method is
>>>>> received? From the list in 3489bis, Section 15.6, I'd be tempted  
>>>>> to
>>>>> pick
>>>>> either 400 or 500, depending on who I'm siding with, but this
>>>>> doesn't seem
>>>>> right because it's really nobody's fault.
>>>>>
>>>>> Will people crucify me if I return a 501 Not Implemented, as in
>>>>> HTTP?
>>>>
>>>>
>>>> Section 7.3 of draft-ietf-behave-rfc3489bis-15 says (second
>>>> paragraph):
>>>>
>>>>   When a STUN agent receives a STUN message, it first checks that
>>>> the
>>>>   message obeys the rules of Section 6.  It checks that the first
>>>> two
>>>>   bits are 0, that the magic cookie field has the correct value,
>>>> that
>>>>   the message length is sensible, and that the method value is a
>>>>   supported method.  If the message-class is Success Response or
>>>> Error
>>>>   Response, the agent checks that the transaction ID matches a
>>>>   transaction that is still in progress.  If the FINGERPRINT
>>>> extension
>>>>   is being used, the agent checks that the FINGERPRINT attribute is
>>>>   present and contains the correct value.  If any errors are
>>>> detected,
>>>>   the message is silently discarded.  In the case when STUN is  
>>>> being
>>>>   multiplexed with another protocol, an error may indicate that  
>>>> this
>>>> is
>>>>   not really a STUN message; in this case, the agent should try to
>>>>   parse the message as a different protocol.
>>>>
>>>> Thus an implementation should silently discard an unsupported  
>>>> method.
>>>
>>> Wow. I totally never noticed this.
>>>
>>> So, I get the reasoning for silent discards for cases where we're  
>>> not
>>> sure that this is STUN or not, but if everything but the method  
>>> looks
>>> right, wouldn't it make more sense to send an error?
>>
>> Perhaps.
>> It would certainly allow the client to more rapidly detect that the
>> server doesn't support a particular method, since right now the  
>> client
>> has to wait the 40 second timeout period to be certain.
>> However, I vaguely remember thinking when I wrote the above text,  
>> that
>> there were cases where a silent discard was desirable. Unfortunately,
>> I cannot remember any right now. (And, when I wrote the text, the
>> timeout period was 10 seconds, not 40...)
>>
>> - Philip
>>
>> _______________________________________________
>> Behave mailing list
>> Behave@ietf.org
>> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/behave
>>
>
>

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From: Bruce Lowekamp <lowekamp@sipeerior.com>
Date: Fri, 25 Apr 2008 11:02:03 -0400
To: Philip Matthews <philip_matthews@magma.ca>
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Subject: Re: [BEHAVE] Error code for unsupported method
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I don't know if you're looking for my own comments on my own  
suggestion, but regardless:

- I view not reporting some sort of error for an unknown method to be  
important enough that it needs to be fixed
- The rest I think is just a clarifying change to the text that's  
already there, which I think would be fine for author's 48.  The  
existing text mixes the issues of unknown method, dropping completed/ 
unknown transactions, and ignoring messages that don't appear to be  
stun into one paragraph that really doesn't specify what should be  
done and only gives hints that need to be interpreted and reordered  
in an implementation.

Bruce



On Apr 25, 2008, at 10:49 AM, Philip Matthews wrote:
> I am not the editor of ietf-behave-rfc3489bis.
>
> However, if I was the editor, I would ask:
> 1) Is this an important enough change to modify a document that is  
> almost through IESG processing (and which has TWICE gone through  
> WGLC)?
> 2) What do existing deployed STUN servers do today?
>
> Unlike the proposed new CLIENT attribute, this proposed change does  
> not add any new functionality, but just gives faster recovery from  
> an error case.
>
> How many people think that a change along the lines that Bruce  
> sketched below is important?
>
> - Philip
>
> PS. I agree that, _if_ we were to make this change, a new error  
> code would be appropriate.
> PPS. I also agree that a client implemented using defensive  
> programming techniques should confirm that the method in the  
> response matches that in the request, even though the match on the  
> transaction id should guarantee this.
> PPPS. And I still wonder if there are not cases where we want a  
> silent drop, and not an error response.
>
> On Fri, 25-Apr-08, at 10:25 , Bruce Lowekamp wrote:
>>
>> It seems like the intention should be something along the lines of  
>> (merging in a clarification from the duplicate request handling  
>> issue):
>>
>> When a STUN agent receives a STUN message, it first checks that  
>> the   message obeys the rules of Section 6.  It checks that the  
>> first two   bits are 0, that the magic cookie field has the  
>> correct value, and that   the message length is sensible.  If the  
>> FINGERPRINT extension   is being used, the agent checks that the  
>> FINGERPRINT attribute is   present and contains the correct  
>> value.  If any of these conditions are not met, the message is  
>> silently discarded or, in the case when STUN is being    
>> multiplexed with another protocol,  the agent should try to    
>> parse the message as a different protocol.
>>
>> If the message-class is Success Response or Error   Response, the  
>> agent checks that the transaction ID matches a   transaction that  
>> is still in progress.   If the transaction ID does not match an in- 
>> progress transaction, the response is silently discarded.
>>
>>
>> Then move the case of the unknown method check to 7.3.1 and return  
>> a 400 (actually, I think a new error response would be appropriate  
>> here).
>>
>> Actually, I think there's a bizarre pathological case here.  I  
>> don't see a specification that Is there a requirement anywhere in  
>> the protocol that the UAC must check that the method in a response  
>> matches the method in the request.  So possibly the above tid  
>> check should also check that the method matches the original request.
>>
>> Bruce
>>
>>
>>
>> On Apr 24, 2008, at 10:48 PM, Philip Matthews wrote:
>>>
>>> On Thu, 24-Apr-08, at 18:57 , Eric Rescorla wrote:
>>>> At Thu, 24 Apr 2008 14:56:24 -0400,
>>>> Philip Matthews wrote:
>>>> At Thu, 24 Apr 2008 14:56:24 -0400,
>>>> Philip Matthews wrote:
>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>> On Thu, 24-Apr-08, at 09:23 , Simon Perreault wrote:
>>>>>> Hello,
>>>>>>
>>>>>> What is a STUN server supposed to use as error code when an  
>>>>>> unknown
>>>>>> method is
>>>>>> received? From the list in 3489bis, Section 15.6, I'd be  
>>>>>> tempted to
>>>>>> pick
>>>>>> either 400 or 500, depending on who I'm siding with, but this
>>>>>> doesn't seem
>>>>>> right because it's really nobody's fault.
>>>>>>
>>>>>> Will people crucify me if I return a 501 Not Implemented, as in
>>>>>> HTTP?
>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>> Section 7.3 of draft-ietf-behave-rfc3489bis-15 says (second
>>>>> paragraph):
>>>>>
>>>>>   When a STUN agent receives a STUN message, it first checks that
>>>>> the
>>>>>   message obeys the rules of Section 6.  It checks that the first
>>>>> two
>>>>>   bits are 0, that the magic cookie field has the correct value,
>>>>> that
>>>>>   the message length is sensible, and that the method value is a
>>>>>   supported method.  If the message-class is Success Response or
>>>>> Error
>>>>>   Response, the agent checks that the transaction ID matches a
>>>>>   transaction that is still in progress.  If the FINGERPRINT
>>>>> extension
>>>>>   is being used, the agent checks that the FINGERPRINT  
>>>>> attribute is
>>>>>   present and contains the correct value.  If any errors are
>>>>> detected,
>>>>>   the message is silently discarded.  In the case when STUN is  
>>>>> being
>>>>>   multiplexed with another protocol, an error may indicate that  
>>>>> this
>>>>> is
>>>>>   not really a STUN message; in this case, the agent should try to
>>>>>   parse the message as a different protocol.
>>>>>
>>>>> Thus an implementation should silently discard an unsupported  
>>>>> method.
>>>>
>>>> Wow. I totally never noticed this.
>>>>
>>>> So, I get the reasoning for silent discards for cases where  
>>>> we're not
>>>> sure that this is STUN or not, but if everything but the method  
>>>> looks
>>>> right, wouldn't it make more sense to send an error?
>>>
>>> Perhaps.
>>> It would certainly allow the client to more rapidly detect that the
>>> server doesn't support a particular method, since right now the  
>>> client
>>> has to wait the 40 second timeout period to be certain.
>>> However, I vaguely remember thinking when I wrote the above text,  
>>> that
>>> there were cases where a silent discard was desirable.  
>>> Unfortunately,
>>> I cannot remember any right now. (And, when I wrote the text, the
>>> timeout period was 10 seconds, not 40...)
>>>
>>> - Philip
>>>
>>> _______________________________________________
>>> Behave mailing list
>>> Behave@ietf.org
>>> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/behave
>>>
>>
>>
>

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From: "Benny Prijono" <bennylp@pjsip.org>
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Subject: Re: [BEHAVE] Consensus call on Adding "Client" attribute to STUN
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On Thu, Apr 24, 2008 at 6:31 PM, Magnus Westerlund
<magnus.westerlund@ericsson.com> wrote:
> This is a one week+ consensus call (until the 5th of May) if the WG
>  thinks that STUN (draft-ietf-behave-rfc3489bis) shall be extended with
>  an additional attribute "Client" before publication.
>
>  With the general description along the lines of:
>
>     X.Y CLIENT
>
>     The client attribute contains a textual description of the software
>     being used by the client, including manufacturer and version number.
>     The attribute has no impact on operation of the protocol, and serves
>     only as a tool for diagnostic and debugging purposes.  The value of
>     CLIENT is variable length.  It MUST be a UTF-8 [RFC3629] encoded
>     sequence of less than 128 characters (which can be as long as 763
>     bytes).
>

I support adding the CLIENT attribute. However I'm a bit concerned
with the requirement to include manufacturer and software version
number. Isn't that too restrictive, and may make the system more
vulnerable? I propose we remove the "including manufacturer and
version number" part of the sentence (and the same for SERVER
attribute as well). This then would be similar to what we have in
User-Agent header in SIP/RFC 3261:

 "20.41 User-Agent

   The User-Agent header field contains information about the UAC
   originating the request.  The semantics of this header field are
   defined in [H14.43].

   Revealing the specific software version of the user agent might allow
   the user agent to become more vulnerable to attacks against software
   that is known to contain security holes.  Implementers SHOULD make
   the User-Agent header field a configurable option.
 "

I also support the "The attribute has no impact on operation of the
protocol" sentence, which implies that server implementations must not
do anything differently based on the value of this attribute (such as
to allow/block access based on the this value, which what has been
originally proposed).

Cheers
 Benny
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From: Hadriel Kaplan <HKaplan@acmepacket.com>
To: Tom Taylor <tom.taylor@rogers.com>, IETF AVT WG <avt@ietf.org>,
	"behave@ietf.org" <behave@ietf.org>
Date: Fri, 25 Apr 2008 16:00:55 -0400
Thread-Topic: [AVT] Working Group Last Call:
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Howdy,
In general I like the draft - it's short and to the point. :)
I have the following comments:

1) The recommended "fallback" mechanism of using an RTP packet with an unknown payload format has issues.  I *know* there are devices which can't handle it.  I know this because SBC's have been specifically requested by operators to block such packets, because they were causing issues for some RTP devices.  We can argue that RFC 3550 said a receiver MUST ignore such packets, but there is a big difference between handling error cases, and *testing* for such compliance by using it actively for a "feature".  For example on some devices it causes error logs to be generated. (on others, worse)

I recognize that this is probably unavoidable for any mechanism we pick, because the requirements are that it not be negotiated in SDP (right?).  But I think it warrants certain changes in the text of the draft, which I note here:
        a) Section 4.7 Recommendation section currently implies this is the recommendation, but that's not really true.  It should say "This method is recommended as a fallback, only if explicitly signaled methods such as [DRAFT-RTP-RTCP] or STUN through [DRAFT-ICE] are not possible."
        b) Section 5, page 8, last sentence should be changed from "...as it will always work." to "...as it will usually work."
        c) Security section 8 is wrong - it *does* imply security issues, clearly.  So I recommend you add "Using the mechanism in Section 4.7 could be perceived as an attack by the peer.  [RFC3550] explicitly stated devices MUST ignore unknown payload formats, however security devices may block such packets."  Or something like that I guess.


2) In some ways, the recommended fallback of RTP with an unknown payload type is simply the draft-ietf-avt-rtp-no-op packet, just without SDP negotiation, and no 4-byte payload - right?  One of the things I liked about that draft was it negotiated it in SDP. :)  I realize you're trying to not make that necessary, so can we at least give this a fixed defined payload type number??  I think giving up one of the few left (are there any?) is worth it for this, because we're not negotiating it in SDP.


3) I also still think there should be optional SDP for the empty RTP keeaplive, just so that "evil" middleboxes trying to protect devices can know they can let these things past.  I realize that can't be done in a BCP, so I think draft-ietf-avt-rtp-no-op-04 should *become* the empty RTP keepalive, and define the SDP. (I'm not sure why it expired)


4) This is basically a nit: like Remi, I'm not quite clear why Sections 4.1 and 4.2 UDP and DCCP transports are separate from each other or others, for zero-byte "packets".  With TCP, obviously a 0-byte segment is not exactly the same as a TCP keepalive, and for SCTP it has a native heartbeat, so maybe those differences explain it. (and I'm not sure how one forces a TCP stack to send a 0 byte segment from above the socket)  But as far as I know, all of them can handle receiving a 0-byte payload.  A nit, anyway.

-hadriel


> -----Original Message-----
> From: avt-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:avt-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of Tom
> Taylor
> Sent: Wednesday, April 23, 2008 2:56 PM
> To: IETF AVT WG; behave@ietf.org
> Cc: Cullen Jennings; MARJOU Xavier RD-MAPS-LAN
> Subject: [AVT] Working Group Last Call: draft-ietf-avt-app-rtp-keepalive-
> 03.txt
>
> This is to announce Working Group Last Call for
> draft-ietf-avt-app-rtp-keepalive-03.txt. Assuming all goes well, the Last
> Call
> period will end on May 7.
>
> Given the subject matter, the BEHAVE list is also copied on this message.
>
> Tom Taylor for the Chairs.
> _______________________________________________
> Audio/Video Transport Working Group
> avt@ietf.org
> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt
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> -----Original Message-----
> From: avt-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:avt-bounces@ietf.org] On 
> Behalf Of Hadriel Kaplan
> Sent: Friday, April 25, 2008 1:01 PM
> To: Tom Taylor; IETF AVT WG; behave@ietf.org
> Cc: Cullen Jennings; MARJOU Xavier RD-MAPS-LAN
> Subject: Re: [AVT] Working Group LastCall: 
> draft-ietf-avt-app-rtp-keepalive-03.txt
> 
> 
> Howdy,
> In general I like the draft - it's short and to the point. :)
> I have the following comments:
> 
> 1) The recommended "fallback" mechanism of using an RTP 
> packet with an unknown payload format has issues.  I *know* 
> there are devices which can't handle it.  I know this because 
> SBC's have been specifically requested by operators to block 
> such packets, because they were causing issues for some RTP 
> devices.  We can argue that RFC 3550 said a receiver MUST 
> ignore such packets, but there is a big difference between 
> handling error cases, and *testing* for such compliance by 
> using it actively for a "feature".  For example on some 
> devices it causes error logs to be generated. (on others, worse)
> 
> I recognize that this is probably unavoidable for any 
> mechanism we pick, because the requirements are that it not 
> be negotiated in SDP (right?).  But I think it warrants 
> certain changes in the text of the draft, which I note here:
>         a) Section 4.7 Recommendation section currently 
> implies this is the recommendation, but that's not really 
> true.  It should say "This method is recommended as a 
> fallback, only if explicitly signaled methods such as 
> [DRAFT-RTP-RTCP] or STUN through [DRAFT-ICE] are not possible."
>         b) Section 5, page 8, last sentence should be changed 
> from "...as it will always work." to "...as it will usually work."

This draft is all about mechanisms to keep NAT mapping alive,
which is what this draft means by "work".  And sending a packet
will keep that binding alive -- always.

I do agree the existing wording is a bit awkward.  I would 
suggest:

  ... as it will always keep the NAT's mapping alive, but
  may cause undesirable behavior on the remote peer.

>         c) Security section 8 is wrong - it *does* imply 
> security issues, clearly.  So I recommend you add "Using the 
> mechanism in Section 4.7 could be perceived as an attack by 
> the peer.  [RFC3550] explicitly stated devices MUST ignore 
> unknown payload formats, however security devices may block 
> such packets."  Or something like that I guess.

I agree some text should be added to address you point, but
(going back to my point above that this draft describes how
to keep your NAT mapping alive), we don't care if a device
on the remote network drops the packet; the packet will have
already traversed our NAT and kept our NAT's mapping alive.

> 2) In some ways, the recommended fallback of RTP with an 
> unknown payload type is simply the draft-ietf-avt-rtp-no-op 
> packet, just without SDP negotiation, and no 4-byte payload - 
> right?  One of the things I liked about that draft was it 
> negotiated it in SDP. :)  I realize you're trying to not make 
> that necessary, so can we at least give this a fixed defined 
> payload type number??  I think giving up one of the few left 
> (are there any?) is worth it for this, because we're not 
> negotiating it in SDP.

I recall we asked for a fixed payload number for no-op a few
years ago, but were told 'no'.  Maybe that has changed; I
do think it would be useful for this situation, but it only
reduces the risk of a no-op packet being mis-identified as
some sort of attack packet.

> 3) I also still think there should be optional SDP for the 
> empty RTP keeaplive, just so that "evil" middleboxes trying 
> to protect devices can know they can let these things past.  
>
> I realize that can't be done in a BCP, so I think 
> draft-ietf-avt-rtp-no-op-04 should *become* the empty RTP 
> keepalive, and define the SDP. (I'm not sure why it expired)

Nobody seemed to need it.

-d

> 4) This is basically a nit: like Remi, I'm not quite clear 
> why Sections 4.1 and 4.2 UDP and DCCP transports are separate 
> from each other or others, for zero-byte "packets".  With 
> TCP, obviously a 0-byte segment is not exactly the same as a 
> TCP keepalive, and for SCTP it has a native heartbeat, so 
> maybe those differences explain it. (and I'm not sure how one 
> forces a TCP stack to send a 0 byte segment from above the 
> socket)  But as far as I know, all of them can handle 
> receiving a 0-byte payload.  A nit, anyway.
> 
> -hadriel
> 
> 
> > -----Original Message-----
> > From: avt-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:avt-bounces@ietf.org] On 
> Behalf Of Tom
> > Taylor
> > Sent: Wednesday, April 23, 2008 2:56 PM
> > To: IETF AVT WG; behave@ietf.org
> > Cc: Cullen Jennings; MARJOU Xavier RD-MAPS-LAN
> > Subject: [AVT] Working Group Last Call: 
> draft-ietf-avt-app-rtp-keepalive-
> > 03.txt
> >
> > This is to announce Working Group Last Call for
> > draft-ietf-avt-app-rtp-keepalive-03.txt. Assuming all goes 
> well, the Last
> > Call
> > period will end on May 7.
> >
> > Given the subject matter, the BEHAVE list is also copied on 
> this message.
> >
> > Tom Taylor for the Chairs.
> > _______________________________________________
> > Audio/Video Transport Working Group
> > avt@ietf.org
> > https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt
> _______________________________________________
> Audio/Video Transport Working Group
> avt@ietf.org
> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt

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From: Hadriel Kaplan <HKaplan@acmepacket.com>
To: Dan Wing <dwing@cisco.com>, 'Tom Taylor' <tom.taylor@rogers.com>, 'IETF
	AVT WG' <avt@ietf.org>, "behave@ietf.org" <behave@ietf.org>
Date: Fri, 25 Apr 2008 21:57:10 -0400
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> -----Original Message-----
> From: Dan Wing [mailto:dwing@cisco.com]
>
> >         c) Security section 8 is wrong - it *does* imply
> > security issues, clearly.  So I recommend you add "Using the
> > mechanism in Section 4.7 could be perceived as an attack by
> > the peer.  [RFC3550] explicitly stated devices MUST ignore
> > unknown payload formats, however security devices may block
> > such packets."  Or something like that I guess.
>
> I agree some text should be added to address you point, but
> (going back to my point above that this draft describes how
> to keep your NAT mapping alive), we don't care if a device
> on the remote network drops the packet; the packet will have
> already traversed our NAT and kept our NAT's mapping alive.

Yup, I realize it achieves that goal, and *I* don't care if a SBC-type-thing blocks and discard the packet either, because it achieves that goal - but that doesn't mean it has no security implications if it goes direct, and this is a WG doc after all. :)


> I recall we asked for a fixed payload number for no-op a few
> years ago, but were told 'no'.  Maybe that has changed; I
> do think it would be useful for this situation, but it only
> reduces the risk of a no-op packet being mis-identified as
> some sort of attack packet.

It would do more than that.  It would let monitoring software (wireshark/whatever) identify it as a keepalive.  It may let QoS monitoring devices ignore it more easily.  It would let middleboxes detect it as a keepalive, instead of attack packets.  It would let DSP's have a way to off-load discarding of it.  It would let SRTP bump-in-the-wire chips or shims avoid calculating auth for it, on both generation and reception. (because auth won't matter)

If SDP negotiated it, that's possible too - but for this mechanism I think a defined number makes sense, especially if we don't want to use SDP.


> > 3) I also still think there should be optional SDP for the
> > empty RTP keeaplive, just so that "evil" middleboxes trying
> > to protect devices can know they can let these things past.
> >
> > I realize that can't be done in a BCP, so I think
> > draft-ietf-avt-rtp-no-op-04 should *become* the empty RTP
> > keepalive, and define the SDP. (I'm not sure why it expired)
>
> Nobody seemed to need it.

I find it odd that a WG BCP would recommend a mechanism (albeit a fallback one), that is not itself defined in a standards track doc anywhere.  Maybe it's just me though. :)

-hadriel
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From: Colin Perkins <csp@csperkins.org>
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On 26 Apr 2008, at 02:57, Hadriel Kaplan wrote:
...
>> I recall we asked for a fixed payload number for no-op a few
>> years ago, but were told 'no'.  Maybe that has changed; I
>> do think it would be useful for this situation, but it only
>> reduces the risk of a no-op packet being mis-identified as
>> some sort of attack packet.
>
> It would do more than that.  It would let monitoring software  
> (wireshark/whatever) identify it as a keepalive.  It may let QoS  
> monitoring devices ignore it more easily.  It would let middleboxes  
> detect it as a keepalive, instead of attack packets.  It would let  
> DSP's have a way to off-load discarding of it.  It would let SRTP  
> bump-in-the-wire chips or shims avoid calculating auth for it, on  
> both generation and reception. (because auth won't matter)
>
> If SDP negotiated it, that's possible too - but for this mechanism  
> I think a defined number makes sense, especially if we don't want  
> to use SDP.

Static payload types were deprecated over a decade ago. Negotiating a  
no-op payload type in SDP makes sense, but I really don't want to  
revisit static assignments.

>>> 3) I also still think there should be optional SDP for the
>>> empty RTP keeaplive, just so that "evil" middleboxes trying
>>> to protect devices can know they can let these things past.
>>>
>>> I realize that can't be done in a BCP, so I think
>>> draft-ietf-avt-rtp-no-op-04 should *become* the empty RTP
>>> keepalive, and define the SDP. (I'm not sure why it expired)
>>
>> Nobody seemed to need it.
>
> I find it odd that a WG BCP would recommend a mechanism (albeit a  
> fallback one), that is not itself defined in a standards track doc  
> anywhere.  Maybe it's just me though. :)


There were also concerns about having IPR on a no-op format, if I  
remember correctly. https://datatracker.ietf.org/ipr/854/

-- 
Colin Perkins
http://csperkins.org/


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From: Hadriel Kaplan <HKaplan@acmepacket.com>
To: Colin Perkins <csp@csperkins.org>
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Thread-Topic: [AVT] Working Group LastCall:
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> -----Original Message-----
> From: Colin Perkins [mailto:csp@csperkins.org]
>
> Static payload types were deprecated over a decade ago. Negotiating a
> no-op payload type in SDP makes sense, but I really don't want to
> revisit static assignments.

Yeah, I knew you'd say that. :)
I'd be happy if there were at least some SDP indication.  Even if the sender ignores the lack of it in received SDP and sends empty RTP anyway, it would be useful to have it indicate support for it and its PT in the SDP it sends.


> > I find it odd that a WG BCP would recommend a mechanism (albeit a
> > fallback one), that is not itself defined in a standards track doc
> > anywhere.  Maybe it's just me though. :)
>
> There were also concerns about having IPR on a no-op format, if I
> remember correctly. https://datatracker.ietf.org/ipr/854/

I thought that was Cisco's classic defensive patent statement, which other IETF RFC's have been OK with.  And I'm suggesting a different form of no-op: an empty one.  Regardless, if an empty RTP is covered by that IPR, then so is this keepalive draft, no?

-hadriel
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Subject: Re: [BEHAVE] [AVT] Working
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> -----Original Message-----
> From: behave-bounces@ietf.org 
> [mailto:behave-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of Hadriel Kaplan
> Sent: Friday, April 25, 2008 6:57 PM
> To: Dan Wing; 'Tom Taylor'; 'IETFAVT WG'; behave@ietf.org
> Cc: 'MARJOU Xavier RD-MAPS-LAN'
> Subject: Re: [BEHAVE] [AVT] Working GroupLastCall: 
> draft-ietf-avt-app-rtp-keepalive-03.txt
> 
> 
> 
> > -----Original Message-----
> > From: Dan Wing [mailto:dwing@cisco.com]
> >
> > >         c) Security section 8 is wrong - it *does* imply
> > > security issues, clearly.  So I recommend you add "Using the
> > > mechanism in Section 4.7 could be perceived as an attack by
> > > the peer.  [RFC3550] explicitly stated devices MUST ignore
> > > unknown payload formats, however security devices may block
> > > such packets."  Or something like that I guess.
> >
> > I agree some text should be added to address you point, but
> > (going back to my point above that this draft describes how
> > to keep your NAT mapping alive), we don't care if a device
> > on the remote network drops the packet; the packet will have
> > already traversed our NAT and kept our NAT's mapping alive.
> 
> Yup, I realize it achieves that goal, and *I* don't care if a 
> SBC-type-thing blocks and discard the packet either, because 
> it achieves that goal - but that doesn't mean it has no 
> security implications if it goes direct, and this is a WG doc 
> after all. :)

I don't know how the IETF could say something like "sending a bogus
packet to a device might cause it to crash, due to a bug".  I mean,
nearly every implementation of every protocol has bugs in it, and
negotiating a payload type via SDP does _not_ cause the bugs to
go away -- some well-formed, legal RTP packet could still tickle a 
bug in an implementation.  RTP options, for example; or RTP options
combined with IP options (but, hey, everyone blocks IP options 
because those have all been found to be implemented too poorly...)

> > I recall we asked for a fixed payload number for no-op a few
> > years ago, but were told 'no'.  Maybe that has changed; I
> > do think it would be useful for this situation, but it only
> > reduces the risk of a no-op packet being mis-identified as
> > some sort of attack packet.
> 
> It would do more than that.  It would let monitoring software 
> (wireshark/whatever) identify it as a keepalive.  It may let 
> QoS monitoring devices ignore it more easily.  It would let 
> middleboxes detect it as a keepalive, instead of attack 
> packets.  It would let DSP's have a way to off-load 
> discarding of it.  It would let SRTP bump-in-the-wire chips 
> or shims avoid calculating auth for it, on both generation 
> and reception. (because auth won't matter)
> 
> If SDP negotiated it, that's possible too - but for this 
> mechanism I think a defined number makes sense, especially if 
> we don't want to use SDP.

All great reasons, in my opinion.  Perhaps this can be re-visited.

> > > 3) I also still think there should be optional SDP for the
> > > empty RTP keeaplive, just so that "evil" middleboxes trying
> > > to protect devices can know they can let these things past.
> > >
> > > I realize that can't be done in a BCP, so I think
> > > draft-ietf-avt-rtp-no-op-04 should *become* the empty RTP
> > > keepalive, and define the SDP. (I'm not sure why it expired)
> >
> > Nobody seemed to need it.
> 
> I find it odd that a WG BCP would recommend a mechanism 
> (albeit a fallback one), that is not itself defined in a 
> standards track doc anywhere.  Maybe it's just me though. :)

I agree that sending an RTP payload type that was not negotiated 
in SDP is hard to justify in this document; afterall, you're Not 
Supposed To Need To Do That.  But, pragmatically, you need to send 
*something*, or else the call will get torn down by the NAT.  I am
all for additional pragmatism.

-d

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> -----Original Message-----
> From: Dan Wing [mailto:dwing@cisco.com]
>
> I don't know how the IETF could say something like "sending a bogus
> packet to a device might cause it to crash, due to a bug".  I mean,
> nearly every implementation of every protocol has bugs in it, and
> negotiating a payload type via SDP does _not_ cause the bugs to
> go away -- some well-formed, legal RTP packet could still tickle a
> bug in an implementation.  RTP options, for example; or RTP options
> combined with IP options (but, hey, everyone blocks IP options
> because those have all been found to be implemented too poorly...)

Absolutely agree - and I'm not suggesting that "crash/bug" wording, nor that this means we shouldn't use this mechanism. :)  For pragmatic reasons I agree with (and condone) sending the empty RTP.  I think it will be very popular (though I prefer RTCP muxing, but that appears to be a higher bar for folks).
I just think the security section shouldn't claim it has "no" implications.

My argument is:
(a) we have a defined mechanism for announcing dynamic payload types in SDP.
(b) devices use that mechanism to indicate what they expect to receive.
(c) we're ignoring that standardized announcement SDP mechanism and sending something they didn't indicate they expect to receive.
Therefore (d) bad things may happen, due to the mechanism we're choosing.

This isn't analogous to "legal RTP packets could still tickle bugs".  That analogy breaks down because they're *legal* RTP packets conforming to the SDP mechanism we have in place for announcing them, and so on.

This new mechanism is more analogous (although not identical) to the debate SIP WG had about sending STUN messages in the SIP port without any prior negotiation of support.  Some argued legacy SIP servers should ignore it because it didn't conform to SIP ABNF and 3261 said to ignore it, and that if they didn't they were just poor designs.  But that was not the issue in debate.  We all agreed that was true.  But the real issue that finally convinced people (I think) was that legacy SIP security devices would blacklist UA's sending the STUN, *because* it wasn't legal SIP.


> > If SDP negotiated it, that's possible too - but for this
> > mechanism I think a defined number makes sense, especially if
> > we don't want to use SDP.
>
> All great reasons, in my opinion.  Perhaps this can be re-visited.

My spidey sense tells me we won't get a static payload for it.  So I'd be happy with SDP indication.


> > I find it odd that a WG BCP would recommend a mechanism
> > (albeit a fallback one), that is not itself defined in a
> > standards track doc anywhere.  Maybe it's just me though. :)
>
> I agree that sending an RTP payload type that was not negotiated
> in SDP is hard to justify in this document; afterall, you're Not
> Supposed To Need To Do That.  But, pragmatically, you need to send
> *something*, or else the call will get torn down by the NAT.  I am
> all for additional pragmatism.

Me too.  So I think a wholesome-and-pragmatic way to do this is simply revive rtp-no-op, redefine it as the empty RTP packet, with a defined SDP, and WGLC it quickly.  Then this BCP can point to that draft, and say "one could send rtp-no-op even if the peer does not indicate support for it in SDP, but one should still include its indication in the SDP".  I don't think that's very hard to accomplish.

-hadriel
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On 26 Apr 2008, at 17:11, Hadriel Kaplan wrote:
>> -----Original Message-----
>> From: Colin Perkins [mailto:csp@csperkins.org]
>>
>> Static payload types were deprecated over a decade ago. Negotiating a
>> no-op payload type in SDP makes sense, but I really don't want to
>> revisit static assignments.
>
> Yeah, I knew you'd say that. :)
> I'd be happy if there were at least some SDP indication.  Even if  
> the sender ignores the lack of it in received SDP and sends empty  
> RTP anyway, it would be useful to have it indicate support for it  
> and its PT in the SDP it sends.

Sure, I have no argument with that.

>>> I find it odd that a WG BCP would recommend a mechanism (albeit a
>>> fallback one), that is not itself defined in a standards track doc
>>> anywhere.  Maybe it's just me though. :)
>>
>> There were also concerns about having IPR on a no-op format, if I
>> remember correctly. https://datatracker.ietf.org/ipr/854/
>
> I thought that was Cisco's classic defensive patent statement,  
> which other IETF RFC's have been OK with.  And I'm suggesting a  
> different form of no-op: an empty one.  Regardless, if an empty RTP  
> is covered by that IPR, then so is this keepalive draft, no?

Possibly - you'd have to ask Cisco.

-- 
Colin Perkins
http://csperkins.org/


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Cc: MARJOU Xavier RD-MAPS-LAN <xavier.marjou@orange-ftgroup.com>,
	Tom Taylor <tom.taylor@rogers.com>, IETF AVT WG <avt@ietf.org>,
	Dan Wing <dwing@cisco.com>, "behave@ietf.org WG" <behave@ietf.org>
Subject: Re: [BEHAVE] [AVT] Working Group LastCall:
	draft-ietf-avt-app-rtp-keepalive-03.txt
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On Sun, 27 Apr 2008, Colin Perkins wrote:

> On 26 Apr 2008, at 17:11, Hadriel Kaplan wrote:
>>> -----Original Message-----
>>> From: Colin Perkins [mailto:csp@csperkins.org]
>>>
>>> Static payload types were deprecated over a decade ago. Negotiating a
>>> no-op payload type in SDP makes sense, but I really don't want to
>>> revisit static assignments.
>>
>> Yeah, I knew you'd say that. :)
>> I'd be happy if there were at least some SDP indication.  Even if
>> the sender ignores the lack of it in received SDP and sends empty
>> RTP anyway, it would be useful to have it indicate support for it
>> and its PT in the SDP it sends.
>
> Sure, I have no argument with that.

I'd be willing to have my arm twisted for defining a static PT because
I could be convinced that this is a special case.  However, it seems
to me that it would not help the backwards compatibility problem at
all.  Old receivers that were unprepared for it, or that implemented
strict conformance requirements, would still have a problem.  It seems
that the SDP negotiation at least lets a new sender know that an old
receiver might fail.

                                                         -- Steve
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From behave-bounces@ietf.org  Mon Apr 28 11:19:13 2008
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From: Simon Perreault <simon.perreault@viagenie.ca>
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Subject: [BEHAVE] [TURN] Response to a bad Send Indication
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Hello,

From [draft-ietf-behave-turn-07], Section 9.2:

   The resulting UDP datagram is then sent to the peer.  If any errors
   are detected during this process (e.g., the Send indication does not
   contain a PEER-ADDRESS attribute), the received indication is
   silently discarded and no UDP datagram is sent.

Wouldn't it be better to send a 400 Bad Request to the client instead?

Thanks,
Simon
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From behave-bounces@ietf.org  Mon Apr 28 12:17:39 2008
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Subject: Re: [BEHAVE] [TURN] Response to a bad Send Indication
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On Monday 28 April 2008 14:18:36 Simon Perreault wrote:
>    The resulting UDP datagram is then sent to the peer.  If any errors
>    are detected during this process (e.g., the Send indication does not
>    contain a PEER-ADDRESS attribute), the received indication is
>    silently discarded and no UDP datagram is sent.
>
> Wouldn't it be better to send a 400 Bad Request to the client instead?

I just realized that this is an Indication and as such never receives any 
response.

Nothing to see here, move along...
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From behave-bounces@ietf.org  Tue Apr 29 06:12:09 2008
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Subject: [BEHAVE] Comments on draft-ietf-behave-turn-ipv6-04
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Hello,

I had a first reading of draft-ietf-behave-turn-ipv6-04. Here are a few 
comments.

1. Last paragraph of section 4.1:

   The REQUEST-ADDRESS-TYPE attribute MAY only be present in Allocate
   Requests.

This is in contradiction with section 4.2 which describes the usage of 
REQUESTED-ADDRESS-TYPE in the Refresh request.

Also, s/REQUEST/REQUESTED/.

2. In section 4.2, there is confusing talk about bindings. Please 
s/binding/allocation/ because you do not want to confuse the reader with STUN 
bindings when you're really talking about TURN allocations.

3. In section 4.2:

   If the Allocate Response contains the same transport address as
   previously obtained, the binding has been refreshed.

There's an "else" missing. I suggest that server refresh the allocation if the 
REQUESTED-ADDRESS-TYPE attribute is missing or of the same type as previously 
allocated. If it is present but of the wrong family, reply with a 400 Bad 
Request.

4. The last paragraph of section 5.1:

   If the REQUESTED-ADDRESS-TYPE attribute is absent, the server MUST
   allocate a IPv4 transport address to the TURN client.

This is incompatible with the current TURN draft, which says that the relayed 
address must be of the same family as the mapped address, which may be IPv6.

Otherwise, this draft is very straightforward and easy to understand.

Thanks,
Simon
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