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Subject: [Capwap] Additions #8 - Trust Model Definition
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Additions #8 - Trust Model Definition

Context: 

Centralized WTP Management
- Introduction (Section 8.3)
- Objective Details (Section 8.3.1)
- Motivation and Protocol Benefits (Section 8.3.2)
- Relation to Problem Statement (Section 8.3.3)
- Customer Requirements (Section 8.3.4)

Issue: 

These sub-sections were left blank in v00. 

Proposed changes: 

Add text for the sub-sections. The following are proposed;


-> Section 8.3 - Introduction

Proposed text: Replace current notes with following introduction

"The location of the 802.1x authenticator in the centralized WLAN framework
raises a number of issues. For example, if the authenticator in 802.11i is
relocated from WTP to WLAN controller any potential changes in the trust
relationship between WTP and the network infrastructure need to be
clarified.  If there are changes, the new trust model needs to be defined."

----XXXX----


-> Section 8.3.1 - Objective Details (Left blank in v00)

Proposed text: 

"According to the IEEE 802.11i specifications, the IEEE 802.1X
authenticator's role is fixed at the WTP identified by the BSSID. In the
centralized WLAN framework however, the IEEE 802.1X authenticator may be
relocated to either a centralized WLAN controller or to an alternative
entity. So the trust relationship of IEEE 802.11i may be altered with
respect to a wireless client.  

In particular, the entity deciding the BSSID field of a MAC frame will have
implications on the authenticator. Such possible changes with regard to the
trust relationship need to be studied in relation to the CAPWAP protocol."

----XXXX----


-> Section 8.3.2 - Motivation and Protocol Benefits (Left blank in v00)

Proposed text: 

"Given the fundamental nature of IEEE 802.1X authentication, this objective
looks to clarify the possible implications of the centralized WLAN framework
on authentication operations. Furthermore, the CAPWAP protocol will benefit
from a trusted relationship between authentication entities."

----XXXX----


-> Section 8.3.3 - Relation to Problem Statement (Left blank in v00)

Proposed text: Add following new paragraph

"This objective is a security consideration relating to changes in IEEE
802.1X authenticator role from traditional deployments to one in the
centralized WLAN framework."

----XXXX----


-> Section 8.3.4 - Customer Requirements (Left blank in v00)

Proposed text: Add following new paragraph

"Since a number of deployments are continually evolving with respect to the
IEEE 802.11i security extensions, the trust relationship between
authentication entities need to be consistently maintained across both
legacy and centralized WLAN architectures. Customers who are in such
transition need to be assured that the CAPWAP protocol operates in the
context of a trusted relationship. It is for reason that this analysis be
made with regard to the location of the authenticator."

----XXXX----

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Additions #7 - Centralized WTP Management

Context: 

Centralized WTP Management
- Introduction (Section 7.2)
- Objective Details (Section 7.2.1)
- Motivation and Protocol Benefits (Section 7.2.2)
- Relation to Problem Statement (Section 7.2.3)
- Customer Requirements (Section 7.2.4)

Issue: 

These sub-sections were left blank in v00. 

Proposed changes: 

Add text for the sub-sections. The following are proposed;


-> Section 7.2 - Introduction

Proposed text: Add the following paragraph

"Large WLAN systems consist of a centralized CAPWAP segment and the wireless
medium segment. WTPs, their WLAN controller and the switched or routed
network between them constitute the CAPWAP segment. Wireless clients and the
air interface constitute the wireless medium segment. This objective deals
with system-wide security particularly with those threats arising from the
wireless medium segment."

----XXXX----


-> Section 7.2.1 - Objective Details (Left blank in v00)

Proposed text: 

"The emphasis of this objective is on the security threats external to the
centralized CAPWAP segment of a WLAN system. The focus is therefore on rogue
wireless clients and other illegitimate wireless interferences. There are a
number of specific external threats that need to be addressed within the
CAPWAP framework.   

i. PMK Sharing 

One aspect of this objective relates to recent discussions on PMK sharing in
the centralized CAPWAP framework. This objective highlights the need to
prevent exploitation of this ambiguity by rogue wireless clients. It is to
ensure that there ambiguities arising from the CAPWAP framework are not
cause for security breaches.

[TBD] Additional external security threats"

----XXXX----


-> Section 7.2.2 - Motivation and Protocol Benefits (Left blank in v00)

Proposed text: Add following new paragraph

"The external threat to centralized CAPWAP segments becomes increasingly
crucial given the low cost of wireless clients. Since it is relatively
inexpensive for rogue individuals to mount attacks, it is important that
WLAN systems are protected against them. Adequate mechanisms to thwart such
external threats will be of tremendous benefit to the WLAN systems
controlled and managed by the CAPWAP protocol."

----XXXX----


-> Section 7.2.3 - Relation to Problem Statement (Left blank in v00)

Proposed text: Add following new paragraph

"This objective is based on the security needs highlighted in the Problem
Statement. Specifically, the Problem Statement discusses the effects of the
shared wireless medium. This represents the external aspects of the CAPWAP
framework from which certain threats can arise. The system-wide security
objective addresses such threats in relation to the Problem Statement."

----XXXX----


-> Section 7.2.4 - Customer Requirements (Left blank in v00)

Proposed text: Add following new paragraph

"As in the CAPWAP Protocol Security objective (7.1), system-wide security
aims to strengthen confidence in those deploying large scale WLANs.
Realizing this objective will further assure service providers and
enterprises that their wireless investment includes adequate protection
against various rogue elements."

----XXXX----


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Subject: [Capwap] Additions #6 - CAPWAP Protocol Security
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Additions #6 - CAPWAP Protocol Security

Context: 

Centralized WTP Management
- Introduction (Section 7.1)
- Motivation and Protocol Benefits (Section 7.1.2)
- Relation to Problem Statement (Section 7.1.3)
- Customer Requirements (Section 7.1.4)

Issue: 

These sub-sections were left blank in v00. 

Proposed changes: 

Add text for the sub-sections. The following are proposed;


-> Section 7.1 - Introduction

Current text:

"This objective addresses the security of the protocol."

Proposed text: Add new sentences at the end of current introduction

"This objective addresses the security of the CAPWAP protocol. Broadly, it
addresses the security between WTPs and the WLAN controller. As such, it
deals with the threats arising from within the network infrastructure."

----XXXX----


-> Section 7.1.2 - Motivation and Protocol Benefits (Left blank in v00)

Proposed text: Add following new paragraphs

"Security in itself is beneficial to the protocol. However, it becomes even
more crucial in the context of WLAN usage. Since wireless networks are being
applied to critical areas of business and enterprise operations, WLAN
security takes on added importance. This is why protocol security must be
made integral to WLAN control and management. 

Furthermore, communication networks are at increasing risks due to both
physical and logical threats. A secure protocol will ensure that such
threats do not adversely affect network operations and performance."

----XXXX----


-> Section 7.1.3 - Relation to Problem Statement (Left blank in v00)

Proposed text: Add following new paragraph

"The CAPWAP Problem Statement identifies a number of security issues for
large scale WLANs. In particular, this objective relates to the threats of
rogue WTPs, integrity of protocol exchanges and minimization of system
breaches. Protocol security therefore closely follows from the Problem
Statement."

----XXXX----


-> Section 7.1.4 - Customer Requirements (Left blank in v00)

Proposed text: Add following new paragraph

"Customers who deploy WLAN solutions need to be confident of their networks.
They need to be assured that their networks address integrity, privacy and
reliability.  The ultimate users can then in turn be assured that their
operations and applications are protected from major security threats. The
protocol security objective is therefore of immense importance to WLAN
customers."

----XXXX----


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Subject: [Capwap] Additions #5 - Centralized WTP Management
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Additions #5 - Centralized WTP Management

Context: 

Centralized WTP Management
- Introduction (Section 6.5)
- Objective Details (Section 6.5.1)
- Motivation and Protocol Benefits (Section 6.5.2)
- Relation to Problem Statement (Section 6.5.3)
- Customer Requirements (Section 6.5.4)

Issue: 

These sub-sections were left blank in v00. 

Proposed changes: 

Add text for the sub-sections. The following are proposed;


-> Section 6.5 - Introduction

Current text:

"Large scale WLAN deployments necessitate in centralized control.  The
CAPWAP protocol interfaces the central control to the numerous WTPs. One
aspect of centralized control includes firmware distribution. This objective
relates to configuration aspects of the WLAN ."

Proposed text: Replace text above with following introduction;

"Large scale WLAN deployments necessitate in centralized control to simplify
WTP management relating to configuration, firmware distribution, operational
parameters and monitoring. The CAPWAP protocol enables the exchange of
corresponding control management information as it interfaces the central
control to the numerous WTPs."

----XXXX----


-> Section 6.5.1 - Objective Details (Left blank in v00)

Proposed text: 

"This objective deals with the management of WTPs with regard to the
following;


i. WTP firmware distribution


Large WLAN deployments require all constituent WTPs to be enabled with the
same firmware within a given operational period  The CAPWAP protocol must be
capable of determining the appropriate firmware version and ensuring
consistency in this version among all WTPs. For example, CAPWAP can include
mechanisms to exchange firmware version information between a centralized
WLAN controller and its numerous WTPs.

ii. WTP operational parameter provisioning


Similarly, WTP operational parameters may be provisioned using the CAPWAP
protocol.                                                 

iii. WLAN monitoring


WLAN monitoring allows network administrators to check system activity and
performance. The CAPWAP protocol can be used to convey such operational
information from various WTPs and deliver it to the corresponding WLAN
controller."

----XXXX----


-> Section 6.5.2 - Motivation and Protocol Benefits (Left blank in v00)

Proposed text: Add following new paragraph

"This objective relates to configuration aspects of WLANs.  The CAPWAP
protocol deals with configuration by enabling the distribution of relevant
information throughout the entire WLAN"

----XXXX----


-> Section 6.5.3 - Relation to Problem Statement (Left blank in v00)

Proposed text: Add following new paragraph

"This objective relates to the problems discussing configuration aspects of
large-scale WLANs."

----XXXX----


-> Section 6.5.4 - Customer Requirements (Left blank in v00)

Proposed text: Add following new paragraph

"Enterprises and service providers demand simplicity and accuracy in the
deployment of large scale WLANs. This is expected of all aspects of the
deployment including WTP configuration and WLAN monitoring. The
[I-D.ietf-capwap-problem-statement] details that the near-sameness of
configuration from one WTP to another leads to misconfigurations. This
objective will help minimize such errors and in doing so it helps simplify
WLAN deployment and operation."

----XXXX----



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Subject: [Capwap] Additions #3 - Support for Traffic Separation
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Additions #3 - Support for Traffic Separation

Context: 

Support for Traffic Separation
- Objective Details (Section 6.3.1)
- Relation to Problem Statement (Section 6.3.3)
- Customer Requirements (Section 6.3.4)

Issue: 

These sub-sections were left blank in v00. 

Proposed change: 

Add text for the three sub-sections. The following are proposed;


Section 6.3.1 - Objective Details

Current text:

"It is the aim of CAPWAP to simplify the control and management of large
scale WLANs.  One way of achieving this is to separate control and data
aspects within the protocol. This will allow solutions for control and data
exchanges to be independently optimized."

Proposed text: Add new sentence at end of paragraph

"It is the aim of CAPWAP to simplify the control and management of large
scale WLANs.  One way of achieving this is to separate control and data
aspects within the protocol. This will allow solutions for control and data
exchanges to be independently optimized. Such flexibility is important for
realizing extensible, long-term control mechanisms for wireless networks."

----XXXX----

Section 6.3.3 - Relation to Problem Statement

Current text:

"Broadly, this objective relates to the challenge of managing complexity in
large scale WLANs."

Proposed text: Add new sentence at end of paragraph

"Broadly, this objective relates to the challenge of managing complexity in
large scale WLANs. Traffic separation helps to simplify the CAPWAP solution
space and consequently reduces complexity of managing large WLANs."

----XXXX----

Section 6.3.4 - Customer Requirements

Current text:

"This objective offers simplicity and flexibility in operation. These are
important issues for service providers and other enterprises deploying large
scale WLANs."

Proposed text: Replace current text with following

"It is crucial that there be adequate flexibility within WLAN deployments to
allow the use of alternative technologies for transporting data and control
information. Such flexibility is very important for service providers who
must continually adapt their service offerings to remain profitable.
Furthermore, as enterprises use their wireless infrastructure to improve
productivity, the system must be able to deliver the appropriate benefits."

----XXXX----

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Subject: [Capwap] Additions #1 - Interconnection Objective
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Additions #1 - Interconnection Objective

Context: 

Interconnection Objective - Motivation and Protocol Benefits (Section 5.2.2)

Interconnection Objective - Relation to Problem Statement (Section 5.2.3)
Interconnection Objective - Customer Requirements (Section 5.2.4)

Issue: 

These sub-sections were left blank in v00. 

Proposed change: 

Add text for the three sub-sections. The following are proposed;


Section 5.2.2 - Motivation and Protocol Benefits

"The main aim of the CAPWAP protocol is to achieve interoperability among
various WTPs and WLAN controllers. As such, the motivation for this
objective is for the protocol to be operable independent of underlying
interconnection technologies."


Section 5.2.3 - Relation to Problem Statement

"The Problem Statement discusses the complexity of configuring larg WLANs.
The selection of available interconnection technologies for large scale
deployments further intensifies this complexity.  This objective avoids part
of the complexity by advocating operational independence of the protocol
from underlying transport. It plays an important role in addressing
[I-D.ietf-capwap-problem-statement]."


Section 5.2.4 - Customer Requirements

"This architecture objective is derived from wireless service providers who
insist on flexibility in the selection of interconnection technologies for
WLANs. Some service providers have existing networks with IP, ATM and other
transports. The interconnection objective is beneficial in allowing WTPs to
be interfaced to the broader network infrastructure by the different
interconnection technologies."

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Subject: [Capwap] Additions #4 - STA Admission Control
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Additions #4 - STA Admission Control

Context: 

STA Admission Control
- Title
- Introduction (Section 6.4)
- Objective Details (Section 6.4.1)
- Customer Requirements (Section 6.4.4)

Issue: 

These sub-sections were left blank in v00. 

Proposed changes: 

Add text for the sub-sections. The following are proposed;


-> Title 

Current text: "STA Admission Control Objective"

Propoposed text: Change title to better reflect CAPWAP needs. Proposed title
is "Access Control Objective"

----XXXX----


-> Section 6.4 - Introduction

Current text:

"STA Admission control deals with client authentication, handoff between
WTPs, load balance, QoS etc.  Access control in the CAPWAP context must be
based on a variety of information.  This is because CAPWAP combines both
switching and wireless medium segments."

Proposed text: Replace text above with following introduction;

"Access control in centralized WLANs applies to both wireless clients and
also WTPs. For the former, IEEE 802.11 related association and
authentication are required while for the latter, specific means of
authenticating new WTPs are required. Underlying both these needs is
information exchange regarding the switching and wireless medium WLAN
segments, security aspects and QoS considerations. Broadly these constitute
the factual needs of access control."

----XXXX----


-> Section 6.4.1 - Objective Details

Current text:

"This objective focuses on access control based on collective information
from the switching and wireless medium segments.  As such, access to the
WLAN is based on both the radio resources, i.e. wireless medium segment and
network resources, i.e.  Switching segment."

Proposed text: Replace with following paragraphs

"This objective focuses on the informational needs of WLAN access control
and specifically the role of the CAPWAP protocol in transporting this
information between WTPs and their WLAN controller. 
 
The following are some specific information aspects that need to be
transported by the CAPWAP protocol;   

i. IEEE 802.11 association and authentication


The association of wireless clients is distinct for initial and roaming
cases. As a result, access control mechanisms requires specific contextual
information regarding each case.  Additionally, load balancing, QoS,
security and congestion in both wireless medium segments and switching
segments need to be considered.  

After IEEE 802.11 association, client authentication requires information
relevant to the radio link between wireless clients and the WTP.
Furthermore, the location of the IEEE 802.1X authenticator, whether within a
centralized WLAN controller or within an alternative entity, presents
differences in how authentication information is relayed. The CAPWAP
protocol needs to make aware the corresponding information to the
appropriate authentication entities.


ii. WTP Access Control  
 

In addition to controlling access for wireless clients, it is also necessary
to control admission of new WTPs. Given the threat of rogue WTPs, it is
important for CAPWAP to relay appropriate authentication information between
new WTPs and the WLAN controller."

----XXXX----


-> Section 6.3.4 - Customer Requirements (Left blank in v00)

Proposed text: Add following new paragraph

"Enterprises and service provides need a centralized WLAN controller to
perform access control for both wireless clients and WTPs. Since this
fundamentally relates to the exchange of relevant information, mangers of
WLAN deployments require this objective be realized within a CAPWAP
protocol."

----XXXX----




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Subject: [Capwap] Additions #2 - Extensibility Objective
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Additions #2 - Extensibility Objective

Context: 

Extensibility Objective:
Motivation and Protocol Benefits (Section 5.4.2)
Relation to Problem Statement (Section 5.4.3)
Customer Requirements (Section 5.4.4, Paragraph 1, second sentence)

Issue: 

These sub-sections were left blank in v00. 

Proposed change: 

Add text for the three sub-sections. The following are proposed;


Section 5.4.2 - Motivation and Protocol Benefits

"The main benefit of extensibility is that the CAPWAP protocol will be
adaptable to the various developments in IEEE 802.11 It also allows the
protocol to be extended to support other wireless technologies."


Section 5.4.3 - Relation to Problem Statement

"The Problem Statement suggests that WLAN control mechanisms be adaptable to
future technology developments. In particular, the CAPWAP protocol must be
capable of handling new definitions and extensions of IEEE 802.11
technology."


Section 5.4.4 - Customer Requirements

Current text:

"They require WLAN infrastructure to be able to meet current and future
market requirements."

Proposed text:

"They require WLAN infrastructure to be able to meet current and future
market requirements, including support for new wireless technologies and
user aplications."

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Subject: [Capwap] Objectives Issue #4 - Clarification of 'engine-mechanism'
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Objectives Issue #4 - Clarification of 'engine-mechanism'

Context: 

Centralized WTP Management - Introduction (Section 8.1, Paragraph 1) 

"The CAPWAP protocol should provide an engine-mechanism to spring WTP
auto-configuration and /or software version updates and should support
integration with existing network management system. WLAN controller as a
management agent is optional."

Issue: 

Sridhar refers to the paragraph above and comments; "The part of this
sentence before "and" might need to be rephrased - not clear what is
implied."

Proposed change: 

The proposal is to remove this entire section. Centralized management issues
will be solely dealt with in Section 6.5.

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Subject: [Capwap] Objectives Issue #5 - Relation of transport mechanisms to centralized management
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Objectives Issue #5 - Relation of TCP/IP to centralized management

Context: 

Centralized WTP Management - Introduction (Section 8.1, Paragraph 3) 

"One example of transport mechanism for the CAPWAP protocol is TCP/IP. This
will bring more flexibility to the way in which WLAN systems are deployed ."

Issue: 

Sridhar refers to the paragraph above and comments; "Not clear about the
relationship of this paragraph with the other parts of this section."

Proposed change: 

The proposal is to remove this entire section. Centralized management issues
will be solely dealt with in Section 6.5.

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Subject: [Capwap] Objectives Issue #3 - Clarification of 'wide network'
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Objectives Issue #3 - Clarification of 'wide network'

Context: 

Support for Traffic Separation - Motivation and Protocol Benefits (Section
6.3.2, Paragraph 2, last sentence) 

"This will enable remotely located WTPs to handle data in alternative ways
instead of forwarding them across a wide network to the WLAN controller."

Issue: 

Sridhar refers to the sentence above and comments; "Not clear about what is
meant here by wide network."

Proposed change: 

Edit the sentence to better present the reason for traffic separation. The
proposal is;

"This will enable WTPs located in remote locations to handle data in
alternative ways instead of forwarding them across a potentially large
intermediate network to the WLAN controller."


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Subject: [Capwap] Objective Issue #2 - Clarification of 'design types' and 'setup aspects'
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Objective Issue #2 - Clarification of 'design types' and 'setup aspects'

Context: 

Interoperability Objective - Objective Details (Section 5.1.1, Paragraph 5)


"This objective also addresses the need for flexibly configuring WTPs based
on their design types and other setup aspects."

Issue: 

Sridhar refers to the sentence above and comments; "'Design Types' and
'other setup aspects' is not very clear - can it be rephrased/elaborated?"

Proposed change: 

Edit the sentence to better describe the flexibility to be achieved by
CAPWAP. The following sentence is proposed;

"This objective also addresses the need for flexibly configuring WTPs based
on the differences in their design, operations and other characteristics." 

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Subject: [Capwap] Objectives Issue #1 - Difference between 'coexistence' and 'interoperability'
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Objective Issue #1 - Difference between 'coexistence' and 'interoperability'

Context: 

Interoperability Objective - Objective Details (Section 5.1.1, Paragraph 1)


"This objective for the CAPWAP protocol is to ensure that WTPs of both local
MAC and split MAC architecture designs are capable of interoperation within
a single WLAN."

Issue: 

Sridhar refers to the paragraph above and comments; "Should it be
coexistence instead of interoperability?"

Proposed change: 

Include a new paragraph describing relationship of 'coexistence' and
'interoperability' in CAPWAP context. The following is proposed;
 
"Coexistence of different types of WTPs also relates to interoperability. So
in addition to enabling WLAN controllers to manage both local MAC and split
MAC WTPs, this objective emphasizes that interoperability also be
simultaneous. In this manner, a WLAN system can be operated with a mix of
WTPs."

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From capwap-admin@frascone.com  Mon Jan 10 11:35:39 2005
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Subject: [Capwap] CAPWAP Objectives Update
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Dear All,

Happy New Year!

The Objectives draft has received feedback from T. Sridhar so far. He has
pointed out various issues that I think need to be discussed in the group.
Also, the authors have thought of text for those sections that were left
blank in the v00 draft. We would like to discuss these proposals too. 

I am sending out each issue separately to make for easier discussion. At the
same time, please propose other objectives if you feel important points have
been left out. In terms of organizations, I have split the proposals into
(i) issues raised with existing content; (ii) additions made to various
sections - both old and new; and (iii) editorial changes for better
readability.

Given the short deadline for the Objectives, it would be great to get the
WG's feedback and new proposals soon. 

I look forward to the discussions.

Cheers,

Saravanan Govindan

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