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Date: Mon, 02 Aug 2010 11:39:44 +0200
From: Stefan Winter <stefan.winter@restena.lu>
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Subject: Re: [certid] Last Call:	draft-saintandre-tls-server-id-check	(Representation and	Verification of Domain-Based Application	Service Identity	in	Certificates Used with Transport Layer	Security) to	Proposed Standard
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Hi,

> Well that, and SRVName. There are many other custom types
> defined by specific applications but those aren't the focus
> of this document.
>  =20

a closely related question to that. In one of my drafts, SRVNames are
used, but not directly.

There is a S-NAPTR based algorithm which first tries to find a specific
S-NAPTR, and then follows the results from there (typically, via SRVName
to hostname to IP addresses).
If there is no S-NAPTR, a SRV query is tried.

In the latter case, matching between the SRV record in DNS vs.
SAN-SRVName can be done, and the server id can be verified.
But in the former case, if S-NAPTR in DNS is forged, it is well possible
to drive the querying peer to a bogus SRV record, and an attacker can
have a (unrelated) certificate for this other SRVName. That was, the
querying host can be tricked into initiating a connection to a false
peer because it cannot verify that the NAPTR -> SRV step was correct.

I've been thinking about a workaround for that. As much as I know, there
is no subjectAltName for NAPTR verification. So my only conclusion so
far is: using NAPTR can only work securely if requiring DNSSEC; so that
the NAPTR can't possibly be forged.

I wonder: is there another way of securing server discovery in the
presence of a NAPTR -> SRV redirection?

And do you consider disususing this issue in your draft?

Greetings,

Stefan Winter


--=20
Stefan WINTER
Ingenieur de Recherche
Fondation RESTENA - R=E9seau T=E9l=E9informatique de l'Education National=
e et de la Recherche
6, rue Richard Coudenhove-Kalergi
L-1359 Luxembourg

Tel: +352 424409 1
Fax: +352 422473



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From stpeter@stpeter.im  Mon Aug  2 08:12:07 2010
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From: Peter Saint-Andre <stpeter@stpeter.im>
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Subject: Re: [certid] Sorting the reference identifiers
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On 7/13/10 3:34 AM, Paul Hoffman wrote:
> Thank you for the -08 update; it looks very good. It clears up a
> bunch of the comments I was about to make. :-) I still have one
> leftover question. The middle of Section 4.2 says: The client then
> orders the list in accordance with the following rules: Then, in 4.3,
> it checks each reference in this ordered list until it (hopefully)
> finds a match. Given that it is going to do an exhaustive search,
> what is the purpose of ordering?

Jeff and I talked about this in Maastricht and we agreed to remove the
text about ordering. That change will be in the next version, which we
plan to submit by the end of the week (we're still working to settle a
few more issues first).

Peter

-- 
Peter Saint-Andre
https://stpeter.im/

From shuque@isc.upenn.edu  Tue Aug  3 19:57:26 2010
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From: Shumon Huque <shuque@isc.upenn.edu>
To: Stefan Winter <stefan.winter@restena.lu>
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Subject: Re: [certid] Last Call:	draft-saintandre-tls-server-id-check	(Representation and	Verification of Domain-Based Application	Service Identity	in	Certificates Used with Transport Layer	Security) to	Proposed Standard
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On Mon, Aug 02, 2010 at 11:39:44AM +0200, Stefan Winter wrote:
> Hi,
> 
> > Well that, and SRVName. There are many other custom types
> > defined by specific applications but those aren't the focus
> > of this document.
> >   
> 
> a closely related question to that. In one of my drafts, SRVNames are
> used, but not directly.
> 
> There is a S-NAPTR based algorithm which first tries to find a specific
> S-NAPTR, and then follows the results from there (typically, via SRVName
> to hostname to IP addresses).
> If there is no S-NAPTR, a SRV query is tried.
> 
> In the latter case, matching between the SRV record in DNS vs.
> SAN-SRVName can be done, and the server id can be verified.
> But in the former case, if S-NAPTR in DNS is forged, it is well possible
> to drive the querying peer to a bogus SRV record, and an attacker can
> have a (unrelated) certificate for this other SRVName. That was, the
> querying host can be tricked into initiating a connection to a false
> peer because it cannot verify that the NAPTR -> SRV step was correct.
> 
> I've been thinking about a workaround for that. As much as I know, there
> is no subjectAltName for NAPTR verification. So my only conclusion so
> far is: using NAPTR can only work securely if requiring DNSSEC; so that
> the NAPTR can't possibly be forged.

Stefan,

Yes, I think I agree with your analysis.

And even if there were a subjectaltname for NAPTR services, it 
appears that the components of the (service specific) identity you 
want to verify are in the RDATA of the NAPTR record, rather than 
the owner name of the record, so you need to secure the DNS mapping.

> I wonder: is there another way of securing server discovery in the
> presence of a NAPTR -> SRV redirection?

Besides DNSSEC, or some other secure mapping service, I can't think 
of an obvious one. You'd need to figure out how to encode the service 
identity in the DNS query name, which is precisely the thing the 
S-NAPTR lookup is trying to find.

> 
> And do you consider disususing this issue in your draft?
> 

Are you proposing to just discuss this issue, or that we should
try to find a solution to the problem?

-- 
Shumon Huque
University of Pennsylvania.

From stefan.winter@restena.lu  Tue Aug  3 22:46:14 2010
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Subject: Re: [certid] Last Call:	draft-saintandre-tls-server-id-check	(Representation and	Verification of Domain-Based Application	Service Identity	in	Certificates Used with Transport Layer	Security) to	Proposed Standard
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Hi,

> Besides DNSSEC, or some other secure mapping service, I can't think=20
> of an obvious one. You'd need to figure out how to encode the service=20
> identity in the DNS query name, which is precisely the thing the=20
> S-NAPTR lookup is trying to find.
>  =20

Thanks for giving this some thought!

>> And do you consider disususing this issue in your draft?
>>
>>    =20
> Are you proposing to just discuss this issue, or that we should
> try to find a solution to the problem?
>  =20

I wouldn't mind if you try to solve it, of course :-) But since there is
apparently no trivial "fix" to server id validation, I'd be just as
happy with a simple paragraph stating that validation of
(S-)NAPTR-derived identities doesn't work in a trusted manner without
DNSSEC.

(But that's just me, since I don't mind prescribing DNSSEC in my draft;
but my working group chair already expressed that he'd prefer something
else)

Greetings,

Stefan Winter

--=20
Stefan WINTER
Ingenieur de Recherche
Fondation RESTENA - R=E9seau T=E9l=E9informatique de l'Education National=
e et de la Recherche
6, rue Richard Coudenhove-Kalergi
L-1359 Luxembourg

Tel: +352 424409 1
Fax: +352 422473



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From stpeter@stpeter.im  Thu Aug  5 13:10:39 2010
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From: Peter Saint-Andre <stpeter@stpeter.im>
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Subject: Re: [certid] Last Call:	draft-saintandre-tls-server-id-check	(Representation and	Verification of Domain-Based Application	Service Identity	in	Certificates Used with Transport Layer	Security) to	Proposed Standard
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On 8/3/10 11:46 PM, Stefan Winter wrote:
> Hi,
> 
>> Besides DNSSEC, or some other secure mapping service, I can't think 
>> of an obvious one. You'd need to figure out how to encode the service 
>> identity in the DNS query name, which is precisely the thing the 
>> S-NAPTR lookup is trying to find.
>>   
> 
> Thanks for giving this some thought!
> 
>>> And do you consider disususing this issue in your draft?
>>>
>>>     
>> Are you proposing to just discuss this issue, or that we should
>> try to find a solution to the problem?
>>   
> 
> I wouldn't mind if you try to solve it, of course :-) But since there is
> apparently no trivial "fix" to server id validation, I'd be just as
> happy with a simple paragraph stating that validation of
> (S-)NAPTR-derived identities doesn't work in a trusted manner without
> DNSSEC.
> 
> (But that's just me, since I don't mind prescribing DNSSEC in my draft;
> but my working group chair already expressed that he'd prefer something
> else)

I've added a note about this to our working copy (Jeff and I are working
to push out -09 today).

Peter

-- 
Peter Saint-Andre
https://stpeter.im/



From stpeter@stpeter.im  Thu Aug  5 13:58:25 2010
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Subject: Re: [certid] Need to define "most specific RDN"
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On 7/19/10 10:13 PM, Shumon Huque wrote:
> On Mon, Jul 19, 2010 at 06:57:50PM +0200, Martin Rex wrote:
>> [...]
>> But frankly, I do no see much value in trying to describe all possible
>> interpretation of a fairly vague wording, that itself was an attempt
>> to characterize, NOT specify, what kind of behaviour there is in the
>> installed base.  Leaving the vague description of rfc-2818 as is,
>> and pointing out more prominently that it is really deprecated
>> should be perfectly sufficient.
>>
>> -Martin
> 
> I'm in full agreement.

I think this spec tries to further deprecate the "most specific" wording
from RFC 2818, but I've tried to amplify upon that in the implementation
note from Section 2.3, as follows:

      ... various specifications refer to the order of RDNs using
      terminology that is not directly related to the information
      hierarchy, such as "most specific" vs. "least specific", "left-
      most" vs. "right-most", "first" vs. "last", or "most significant"
      vs. "least significant" (see for example [LDAP-DN]).   To reduce
      confusion, in this specification we avoid such terms and instead
      use the terms provided under Section 1.4; in particular, we do not
      use the term "(most specific) Common Name field in the Subject
      field" from [HTTP-TLS] and instead state that a CN-ID is a
      Relative Distinguished Name (RDN) in the certificate subject that
      contains one and only one attribute-type-and-value pair of type
      Common Name (thus removing the possibility that an RDN might
      contain multiple AVAs of type CN, one of which would be considered
      "most specific").

/psa

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On 7/19/10 10:12 AM, Martin Rex wrote:

> One thing that I find particularly irritating in -08 is that
> it completely ignores a much more secure authentication
> scheme for servers, by clients knowing the entire subject DName
> of a certificate rather than matching only a single
> name component.

Good point.

To make these (and other) matters clearer, I have written a new section
on the applicability of this document:

***

1.2.  Applicability

   This document does not supersede the rules for certificate validation
   provided in [PKIX]; specifically, in order to ensure proper
   authenticationm application clients need to verify the entire
   certification path (this document addresses only the DNS domain name
   of the application service itself, not the entire trust chain).  This
   document also does not supersede the rules for verifying server
   identity provided in existing application protocol specifications,
   such as those mentioned under Appendix A.  However, it is the intent
   of the authors that the best current practices described here can be
   referenced by future specifications.  It is also expected that this
   document will be updated or obsoleted in the future as best practices
   for issuance and verification of PKIX certificates continue to evolve
   through more widespread implementation and deployment of TLS-
   protected application services over the Internet.

***

/psa

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Subject: [certid] Fwd: I-D Action:draft-saintandre-tls-server-id-check-09.txt
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FYI. A diff from -08 is here:

http://tools.ietf.org/rfcdiff?url2=draft-saintandre-tls-server-id-check-09.txt

-------- Original Message --------
Subject: I-D Action:draft-saintandre-tls-server-id-check-09.txt
Date: Fri,  6 Aug 2010 18:45:02 -0700 (PDT)
From: Internet-Drafts@ietf.org
Reply-To: internet-drafts@ietf.org
To: i-d-announce@ietf.org

A New Internet-Draft is available from the on-line Internet-Drafts
directories.

	Title           : Representation and Verification of Domain-Based
Application Service Identity in Certificates Used with Transport Layer
Security
	Author(s)       : P. Saint-Andre, J. Hodges
	Filename        : draft-saintandre-tls-server-id-check-09.txt
	Pages           : 41
	Date            : 2010-08-06

Many application technologies enable a secure connection between two
entities using certificates in the context of Transport Layer
Security (TLS).  This document specifies best current practices for
representing and verifying the identity of application services in
such interactions.

A URL for this Internet-Draft is:
http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-saintandre-tls-server-id-check-09.txt



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From paul.hoffman@vpnc.org  Sat Aug  7 07:38:36 2010
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Excellent set of changes! This is looking much more solid and internally consistent than it did a few months ago.

--Paul Hoffman, Director
--VPN Consortium

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Of possible interest...

A new pre-BoF list (keyassure@ietf.org, see below) is discussing=20
certs/keys-in-DNS(sec) both as a way to augment present-day PKI, and as a=
 way=20
to re-invent it.

In addition to the various references helpfully listed below by Ondrej, t=
here's=20
this recent preso by Dan Kaminsky, presented a couple weeks ago at Black =
Hat...

   Black Ops of Fundamental Defense:
   Introducing the Domain Key Infrastructure (DKI)
   http://www.recursion.com/files/BlackOps-2010.pdf


=3DJeffH
------
Subject: [keyassure] You want to read this :) (Was: Welcome to the mailin=
g
  list, and possible charter.)
From: ondrej.sury@nic.cz
Date: Wed, 18 Aug 2010 09:50:29 +0200
To: keyassure@ietf.org

	(text/plain)
Just to add some reading material to the mailing list archive...

You may want to read:

New I-D by Jakob, Paul, Warren and Adam:
http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-hoffman-keys-linkage-from-dns-0=
0.txt

Slightly older CERT RR (which we already have):
http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4398

And various older proposals which didn't make it:

(Jakob's)
http://stupid.domain.name/ietf/draft-schlyter-pkix-dns-02.txt

(RR TYPE request I did)
http://www.ops.ietf.org/lists/namedroppers/namedroppers.2009/msg00421.htm=
l

This is just to summarize the ideas which were floating around for some
time.  The basis on our work will be in the most recent I-D.


On 17.8.2010 19:21, Warren Kumari wrote:
 > Hello all,
 >
 > We are investigating starting a working group to leverage the DNSSEC
 > trust anchor as a trust anchor for various other protocols. We are
 > initially focusing on TLS, but are also interested in other
 > protocols.
 >
 > Just so that we are all level set, here is our initial (draft)
 > problem statement.
 >
 > Problem Statement:
 >
 > The DNS Security Extensions are a collection of resource records and
 > protocol modifications that provide source authentication for the
 > DNS.
 >
 > The DNSSEC signed root infrastructure provides a single, well
 > published trust-anchor and a method to build a chain of trust from an
 > individual resource record (RR)  to that TA. By leveraging this
 > infrastructure we can securely bind information (such as a public
 > key, certificate identifier, etc) to a DNS name.
 >
 > Increasingly people would like to be able to take advantage of the
 > confidentiality and identity validation provided by protocols such as
 > TLS. There are numerous barriers to this, including cost, ease of
 > use, complexity, certificate management, etc. By allowing users to
 > securely publish public key information we can allow users to easily
 > and securely make use of self-signed certificates.
 >
 > Currently, one of the issues limiting the use of self-signed
 > certificates is the difficulty in key-distribution - it is infeasible
 > to distribute a key binding at the web scale. By providing a means to
 > publish (and securely validate) this information in the DNS, we allow
 > for users to attest to the validity of keying information and
 > establish trust in the published public key.
 >
 > The DNSSEC root trust anchor can also be used for additional
 > validation during the current path validations. By validating that
 > the  certificate presented is the certificate identified by the DNS,
 > we can provide additional confidence that the client is connecting to
 > the intended server - this helps alleviate concerns that a valid
 > certificate has been obtained by an attacker (for example from a CA
 > not used by the victim).


--=20
   Ond=C5=99ej Sur=C3=BD
   vedouc=C3=AD v=C3=BDzkumu/Head of R&D department
   -------------------------------------------
   CZ.NIC, z.s.p.o.    --    Laborato=C5=99e CZ.NIC
   Americka 23, 120 00 Praha 2, Czech Republic
   mailto:ondrej.sury@nic.cz    http://nic.cz/
   tel:+420.222745110       fax:+420.222745112
   -------------------------------------------
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From paul.hoffman@vpnc.org  Tue Aug 24 17:54:18 2010
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Subject: [certid] Fwd: Review of draft-saintandre-tls-server-id-check
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>From the ietf-general list:

>From: Bernard Aboba <bernard_aboba@hotmail.com>
>To: <ietf@ietf.org>, <stefan@aaa-sec.com>
>Subject: Review of draft-saintandre-tls-server-id-check
>Date: Tue, 24 Aug 2010 17:38:30 -0700
>
>I reviewed draft-saintandre-tls-server-id-check.
>
>In a number of instances, this document is vague on the verification of an SRV-ID, and in one instance, it appears to contradict RFC 4985, even though it does not update that document.
>
>Section 2.1 states:
>
>   o  An SRV-ID can be either direct (provided by a user) or more
>      typically indirect (resolved by a client) and is restricted (can
>      be used for only a single application).
>
>This is consistent with RFC 4985 Section 2.1 which states:
>
>   The SRVName, if present, MUST contain a service name and a domain
>   name in the following form:
>
>      _Service.Name
>
>Yet, Section 5.1 states:
>
>When the connecting application is an interactive client, the source
>domain name and service type MUST be provided by a human user (e.g.
>when specifying the server portion of the user's account name on the
>server or when explicitly configuring the client to connect to a
>particular host or URI as in [<http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-saintandre-tls-server-id-check-09#ref-SIP-LOC>SIP-LOC]) and MUST NOT be derived from
>the user inputs in an automated fashion (e.g., a host name or domain
>name discovered through DNS resolution of the source domain). This
>rule is important because only a match between the user inputs (in
>the form of a reference identifier) and a presented identifier
>enables the client to be sure that the certificate can legitimately
>be used to secure the connection.
>
>However, an interactive client MAY provide a configuration setting
>that enables a human user to explicitly specify a particular host
>name or domain name (called a "target domain") to be checked for
>connection purposes.
>
>[BA]  As I understand RFC 4985, the SRV-ID provided in the target certificate is to be
>matched against components (service name and domain name) of the SRV RR obtained
>via lookup within the source domain. As a result, I don't believe that RFC 4985 is
>consistent with this advice (e.g. the reference identifier is not matched against the
>SRV-ID).
>
>Section 4.1 is not as clear as it could be on this point, given that it talks about both
>matching of the source domain and the target domain:
>
>   4.  When checking a reference identifier against a presented
>       identifier, the client (a) MUST match the source domain (or, in
>       some cases, target domain) of the identifiers and (b) MAY also
>       match the service type of the identifiers.
>
>      Implementation Note: Naturally, in addition to checking
>      identifiers, a client might complete further checks to ensure that
>      the server is authorized to provide the requested service.
>      However, such checking is not a matter of verifying the
>      application service identity presented in a certificate, and
>      therefore methods for doing so (e.g., consulting local policy
>      information) are out of scope for this document.
