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Date: Fri, 01 Jul 2005 14:45:02 +1000
From: Greg Daley <greg.daley@eng.monash.edu.au>
Subject: [DNA] [Fwd: Internet-Drafts Submission Cutoff Dates for the 63rd IETF
 Meeting in Paris, France]
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Hi,

Please be aware of the following cut-off dates for
draft submission before the Paris session.

Greg

-------- Original Message --------
Date: Fri, 01 Jul 2005 00:00:01 -0400
From: ietf-secretariat@ietf.org
Subject: Internet-Drafts Submission Cutoff Dates for the 63rd IETF 
Meeting in Paris, France
Sender: ietf-announce-bounces@ietf.org
To: ietf-announce@ietf.org



There are two (2) Internet-Draft cutoff dates for the 63rd
IETF Meeting in Paris, France:

July 11th: Cutoff Date for Initial (i.e., version -00)
Internet-Draft Submissions

All initial Internet-Drafts (version -00) must be submitted by Monday,
July 11th at 9:00 AM ET. As always, all initial submissions with a
filename beginning with "draft-ietf" must be approved by the
appropriate WG Chair before they can be processed or announced.  The
Secretariat would appreciate receiving WG Chair approval by Tuesday,
July 5th at 9:00 AM ET.

July 18th: Cutoff Date for Revised (i.e., version -01 and higher)
Internet-Draft Submissions

All revised Internet-Drafts (version -01 and higher) must be submitted
by Monday, July 18th at 9:00 AM ET.

Initial and revised Internet-Drafts received after their respective
cutoff dates will not be made available in the Internet-Drafts
directory or announced until on or after Monday, August 1st at 9:00
AM ET, when Internet-Draft posting resumes.  Please do not wait until
the last minute to submit.

PLEASE NOTE THE CHANGE OF PROCEDURE:  If you submit an initial or
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your document will be retained and posted when Internet-Draft
processing resumes.  You will no longer be required to resubmit the
document.

Thank you for your understanding and cooperation. If you have any
questions or concerns, then please send a message to
internet-drafts@ietf.org.

The IETF Secretariat

FYI: The Internet-Draft cutoff dates as well as other significant dates
for the 63rd IETF Meeting can be found at 
http://www.ietf.org/meetings/cutoff_dates_63.html.

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Date: Fri, 01 Jul 2005 15:21:00 +1000
From: Greg Daley <greg.daley@eng.monash.edu.au>
Subject: [DNA] Any drafts to approve for draft-ietf-dna-?
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Hi,

Please remind me if there are any drafts you think
should be approved for draft-ietf-dna-yyyyyy-00
before Tuesday.

as far as I can recall, there's one document pending.

Greg



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Date: Mon, 04 Jul 2005 06:29:38 -0700
From: Erik Nordmark <erik.nordmark@sun.com>
Subject: Re: [DNA] DNA and TSLLAO
In-reply-to: <42BF9465.1020707@eng.monash.edu.au>
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Greg Daley wrote:

> Do people think it would be useful for this technology to
> be standardized?

Yes, I think it is necessary for a performant DNA solution.

> If so, where should it go:
> 
> a) within the DNA solution
> 
> b) as a separate document within DNA
> 
> c) ask IPv6 (or another suggested WG) to work on it?

Either b) or c) would be fine with me; depends on how the ADs and WG 
chairs want to organize things.

    Erik



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Date: Tue, 05 Jul 2005 15:50:01 -0400
From: Internet-Drafts@ietf.org
Subject: [DNA] I-D ACTION:draft-ietf-dna-routers-00.txt
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A New Internet-Draft is available from the on-line Internet-Drafts directories.
This draft is a work item of the Detecting Network Attachment Working Group of the IETF.

	Title		: Detecting Network Attachment in IPv6 - Best
                          Current Practices for Routers
	Author(s)	: S. Narayanan, et al.
	Filename	: draft-ietf-dna-routers-00.txt
	Pages		: 22
	Date		: 2005-7-5
	
   Hosts experiencing rapid link-layer changes may require to do
   configuration change detection procedures more frequently than
   traditional fixed hosts.  This document describes practices available
   to network deployers in order to support such hosts in Detecting
   Network Attachment in IPv6 networks.

A URL for this Internet-Draft is:
http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-dna-routers-00.txt

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Date: Wed, 06 Jul 2005 15:02:12 -0700
From: Michael.G.Williams@nokia.com
Subject: [DNA] Interest in protocols for IEEE 802.21 IS, CS, ES
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Thread-Topic: Interest in protocols for IEEE 802.21 IS, CS, ES
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Colleagues,
 
The IEEE 802.21 working group is developing services for facilitating IP
address mobility and service mobility, especially handoff across a
variety of media. The group is interested in working with the relevant
IETF/IRTF working groups to develop methods of  carrying  these services
across the network.  It would be ideal to discuss this at the next IETF
meeting. 
 
There are multiple drafts currently issued or in development that are
interesting and could serve as the basis for starting the work.
  
Drafts of interest include but are not limited to :
 
"Neighborhood Information Elements Discovery (NED)
(draft-kempf-mobopts-nhood-discovery-00.txt), which provides a generic
protocol for carrying information elements of interest to IEEE 802.21." 
 
"Some Requirements for a Media Independent Handover Information Service"
(draft-faccin-mih-infoserv-00.txt,
http://www.ctie.monash.edu.au/dna/draft-faccin-mih-infoserv-00.txt
<http://www.ctie.monash.edu.au/dna/draft-faccin-mih-infoserv-00.txt> ).
 
"Architectural Implications of Link Indications"
http://www.iab.org/documents/drafts/draft-iab-link-indications-01.txt
<http://www.iab.org/documents/drafts/draft-iab-link-indications-01.txt>

 
"Unified L2 Abstractions for L3-Driven Fast Handover"
http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-koki-mobopts-l2-abstractions-0
2.txt
 
"A Framework of Media-Independent Pre-Authentication (MPA)"
http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ohba-mobopts-mpa-framework-00.
txt 
 
Best Regards,
Michael G. Williams
IEEE 802.21 Working Group Vice Chair



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Date: Wed, 06 Jul 2005 15:18:43 -0700
From: James Kempf <kempf@docomolabs-usa.com>
Subject: [DNA] Re: Interest in protocols for IEEE 802.21 IS, CS, ES
Sender: owner-dna@ecselists.eng.monash.edu.au
To: Michael.G.Williams@nokia.com, mipshop@ietf.org, mobopts@irtf.org,
        dna@eng.monash.edu.au
Cc: Greg.Daley@eng.monash.edu.au, margaret@thingmagic.com,
        rajeev@iprg.nokia.com, Basavaraj.Patil@nokia.com,
        gabriel_montenegro_2000@yahoo.com
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Mike,

Would you like to get a BAR BOF-style meeting at IETF set up to discuss
this? With the help of an AD or IAB member, I think we could get a room
reserved for that purpose.

            jak

----- Original Message ----- 
From: <Michael.G.Williams@nokia.com>
To: <mipshop@ietf.org>; <mobopts@irtf.org>; <dna@eng.monash.edu.au>
Cc: <Greg.Daley@eng.monash.edu.au>; <margaret@thingmagic.com>;
<kempf@docomolabs-usa.com>; <rajeev@iprg.nokia.com>;
<Basavaraj.Patil@nokia.com>; <gabriel_montenegro_2000@yahoo.com>
Sent: Wednesday, July 06, 2005 3:02 PM
Subject: Interest in protocols for IEEE 802.21 IS, CS, ES


Colleagues,

The IEEE 802.21 working group is developing services for facilitating IP
address mobility and service mobility, especially handoff across a
variety of media. The group is interested in working with the relevant
IETF/IRTF working groups to develop methods of  carrying  these services
across the network.  It would be ideal to discuss this at the next IETF
meeting.

There are multiple drafts currently issued or in development that are
interesting and could serve as the basis for starting the work.

Drafts of interest include but are not limited to :

"Neighborhood Information Elements Discovery (NED)
(draft-kempf-mobopts-nhood-discovery-00.txt), which provides a generic
protocol for carrying information elements of interest to IEEE 802.21."

"Some Requirements for a Media Independent Handover Information Service"
(draft-faccin-mih-infoserv-00.txt,
http://www.ctie.monash.edu.au/dna/draft-faccin-mih-infoserv-00.txt
<http://www.ctie.monash.edu.au/dna/draft-faccin-mih-infoserv-00.txt> ).

"Architectural Implications of Link Indications"
http://www.iab.org/documents/drafts/draft-iab-link-indications-01.txt
<http://www.iab.org/documents/drafts/draft-iab-link-indications-01.txt>


"Unified L2 Abstractions for L3-Driven Fast Handover"
http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-koki-mobopts-l2-abstractions-0
2.txt

"A Framework of Media-Independent Pre-Authentication (MPA)"
http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ohba-mobopts-mpa-framework-00.
txt

Best Regards,
Michael G. Williams
IEEE 802.21 Working Group Vice Chair




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Date: Wed, 06 Jul 2005 16:11:40 -0700
From: James Kempf <kempf@docomolabs-usa.com>
Subject: [DNA] Re: Interest in protocols for IEEE 802.21 IS, CS, ES
Sender: owner-dna@ecselists.eng.monash.edu.au
To: gabriel montenegro <gabriel_montenegro_2000@yahoo.com>,
        Michael.G.Williams@nokia.com, mipshop@ietf.org, mobopts@irtf.org,
        dna@eng.monash.edu.au
Cc: Greg.Daley@eng.monash.edu.au, margaret@thingmagic.com,
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Some of the things on Mike's list, like link triggers, are DNA items. We had
discussed doing the InfoElements work in Mipshop prior to the MIHEP BOF
discussion coming up. So now I'm completely confused what is happening,
which is why I suggested the BAR BOF.

Margaret, can you help us figure this out? Has the MIHEP BOF been approved?

            jak


----- Original Message ----- 
From: "gabriel montenegro" <gabriel_montenegro_2000@yahoo.com>
To: "James Kempf" <kempf@docomolabs-usa.com>;
<Michael.G.Williams@nokia.com>; <mipshop@ietf.org>; <mobopts@irtf.org>;
<dna@eng.monash.edu.au>
Cc: <Greg.Daley@eng.monash.edu.au>; <margaret@thingmagic.com>;
<rajeev@iprg.nokia.com>; <Basavaraj.Patil@nokia.com>
Sent: Wednesday, July 06, 2005 3:26 PM
Subject: Re: Interest in protocols for IEEE 802.21 IS, CS, ES


>
> Isn't this the subject for the proposed MIHEP BoF? What's the latest word,
> is it being scheduled? Some of this discussion is quite relevant to
> the MIPSHOP meeting, and the 802.21 folks are already on that agenda.
>
> But I agree that this is an important discussion. If the MIHEP BoF does
not get
> scheduled, we should have a bar BoF on the subject.
>
> -gabriel
>
> --- James Kempf <kempf@docomolabs-usa.com> wrote:
>
> > Mike,
> >
> > Would you like to get a BAR BOF-style meeting at IETF set up to discuss
> > this? With the help of an AD or IAB member, I think we could get a room
> > reserved for that purpose.
> >
> >             jak
> >
> > ----- Original Message ----- 
> > From: <Michael.G.Williams@nokia.com>
> > To: <mipshop@ietf.org>; <mobopts@irtf.org>; <dna@eng.monash.edu.au>
> > Cc: <Greg.Daley@eng.monash.edu.au>; <margaret@thingmagic.com>;
> > <kempf@docomolabs-usa.com>; <rajeev@iprg.nokia.com>;
> > <Basavraj.Patil@nokia.com>; <gabriel_montenegro_2000@yahoo.com>
> > Sent: Wednesday, July 06, 2005 3:02 PM
> > Subject: Interest in protocols for IEEE 802.21 IS, CS, ES
> >
> >
> > Colleagues,
> >
> > The IEEE 802.21 working group is developing services for facilitating IP
> > address mobility and service mobility, especially handoff across a
> > variety of media. The group is interested in working with the relevant
> > IETF/IRTF working groups to develop methods of  carrying  these services
> > across the network.  It would be ideal to discuss this at the next IETF
> > meeting.
> >
> > There are multiple drafts currently issued or in development that are
> > interesting and could serve as the basis for starting the work.
> >
> > Drafts of interest include but are not limited to :
> >
> > "Neighborhood Information Elements Discovery (NED)
> > (draft-kempf-mobopts-nhood-discovery-00.txt), which provides a generic
> > protocol for carrying information elements of interest to IEEE 802.21."
> >
> > "Some Requirements for a Media Independent Handover Information Service"
> > (draft-faccin-mih-infoserv-00.txt,
> > http://www.ctie.monash.edu.au/dna/draft-faccin-mih-infoserv-00.txt
> > <http://www.ctie.monash.edu.au/dna/draft-faccin-mih-infoserv-00.txt> ).
> >
> > "Architectural Implications of Link Indications"
> > http://www.iab.org/documents/drafts/draft-iab-link-indications-01.txt
> > <http://www.iab.org/documents/drafts/draft-iab-link-indications-01.txt>
> >
> >
> > "Unified L2 Abstractions for L3-Driven Fast Handover"
> > http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-koki-mobopts-l2-abstractions-0
> > 2.txt
> >
> > "A Framework of Media-Independent Pre-Authentication (MPA)"
> > http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ohba-mobopts-mpa-framework-00.
> > txt
> >
> > Best Regards,
> > Michael G. Williams
> > IEEE 802.21 Working Group Vice Chair
> >
> >
>




From dna-owner@webcamserver.eng.monash.edu.au Wed Jul 06 23:45:52 2005
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Date: Wed, 06 Jul 2005 23:41:45 -0400
From: Margaret Wasserman <margaret@thingmagic.com>
Subject: [DNA] NEW!!  Internet Area Mailing List
Sender: owner-dna@ecselists.eng.monash.edu.au
To: int-area@ietf.org
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[This message is bcc:ed to all INT area WGs, the IESG and the IAB.]

Hi All,

We have created an Internet Area mailing list -- int-area@ietf.org. 
This list will be used to announce Internet area BOFs, to discuss 
Internet area WG charter updates and to discuss other issues related 
to the Internet Area, as they arise -- such as whether we should hold 
an Internet area meeting in Paris.

If you wish to join the list, you can do so at:

https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/int-area

The archives should be available at:

http://www.ietf.org/mail-archive/web/int-area/index.html

(Hopefully this will be the first message in the archive).

If you are interested in issues concerning the overall structure or 
scope of the Internet area and/or are interested in influencing how 
the Internet area is managed, I hope you will join this list.

Thanks,
Margaret





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Date: Thu, 07 Jul 2005 10:04:17 -0500
From: stefano.faccin@nokia.com
Subject: RE: [DNA] Re: Interest in protocols for IEEE 802.21 IS, CS, ES
Sender: owner-dna@ecselists.eng.monash.edu.au
To: kempf@docomolabs-usa.com, gabriel_montenegro_2000@yahoo.com,
        Michael.G.Williams@nokia.com, mipshop@ietf.org, mobopts@irtf.org,
        dna@eng.monash.edu.au
Cc: Greg.Daley@eng.monash.edu.au, margaret@thingmagic.com,
        rajeev@iprg.nokia.com, Basavaraj.Patil@nokia.com
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James,
I guess the reference to triggers may have been a bit misleading. They are relevant from the point of view that the drafts refer to some of the technical aspects that the MIH services cover, but the focus here is not specifically on the triggers between L2 and L3. If the MIHEP BOF is approved, and if we coordinate the discussion with MIPSHOP, I believe we will be able to cover the various aspects without requiring any other BOFs.
Stefano

-----Original Message-----
From: owner-dna@ecselists.eng.monash.edu.au
[mailto:owner-dna@ecselists.eng.monash.edu.au]On Behalf Of ext James
Kempf
Sent: Wednesday, July 06, 2005 18:12
To: gabriel montenegro; Williams Michael.G (Nokia-ES/MtView);
mipshop@ietf.org; mobopts@irtf.org; dna@eng.monash.edu.au
Cc: Greg.Daley@eng.monash.edu.au; margaret@thingmagic.com;
rajeev@iprg.nokia.com; Patil Basavaraj (Nokia-NET/Dallas)
Subject: [DNA] Re: Interest in protocols for IEEE 802.21 IS, CS, ES


Some of the things on Mike's list, like link triggers, are DNA items. We had
discussed doing the InfoElements work in Mipshop prior to the MIHEP BOF
discussion coming up. So now I'm completely confused what is happening,
which is why I suggested the BAR BOF.

Margaret, can you help us figure this out? Has the MIHEP BOF been approved?

            jak


----- Original Message ----- 
From: "gabriel montenegro" <gabriel_montenegro_2000@yahoo.com>
To: "James Kempf" <kempf@docomolabs-usa.com>;
<Michael.G.Williams@nokia.com>; <mipshop@ietf.org>; <mobopts@irtf.org>;
<dna@eng.monash.edu.au>
Cc: <Greg.Daley@eng.monash.edu.au>; <margaret@thingmagic.com>;
<rajeev@iprg.nokia.com>; <Basavaraj.Patil@nokia.com>
Sent: Wednesday, July 06, 2005 3:26 PM
Subject: Re: Interest in protocols for IEEE 802.21 IS, CS, ES


>
> Isn't this the subject for the proposed MIHEP BoF? What's the latest word,
> is it being scheduled? Some of this discussion is quite relevant to
> the MIPSHOP meeting, and the 802.21 folks are already on that agenda.
>
> But I agree that this is an important discussion. If the MIHEP BoF does
not get
> scheduled, we should have a bar BoF on the subject.
>
> -gabriel
>
> --- James Kempf <kempf@docomolabs-usa.com> wrote:
>
> > Mike,
> >
> > Would you like to get a BAR BOF-style meeting at IETF set up to discuss
> > this? With the help of an AD or IAB member, I think we could get a room
> > reserved for that purpose.
> >
> >             jak
> >
> > ----- Original Message ----- 
> > From: <Michael.G.Williams@nokia.com>
> > To: <mipshop@ietf.org>; <mobopts@irtf.org>; <dna@eng.monash.edu.au>
> > Cc: <Greg.Daley@eng.monash.edu.au>; <margaret@thingmagic.com>;
> > <kempf@docomolabs-usa.com>; <rajeev@iprg.nokia.com>;
> > <Basavraj.Patil@nokia.com>; <gabriel_montenegro_2000@yahoo.com>
> > Sent: Wednesday, July 06, 2005 3:02 PM
> > Subject: Interest in protocols for IEEE 802.21 IS, CS, ES
> >
> >
> > Colleagues,
> >
> > The IEEE 802.21 working group is developing services for facilitating IP
> > address mobility and service mobility, especially handoff across a
> > variety of media. The group is interested in working with the relevant
> > IETF/IRTF working groups to develop methods of  carrying  these services
> > across the network.  It would be ideal to discuss this at the next IETF
> > meeting.
> >
> > There are multiple drafts currently issued or in development that are
> > interesting and could serve as the basis for starting the work.
> >
> > Drafts of interest include but are not limited to :
> >
> > "Neighborhood Information Elements Discovery (NED)
> > (draft-kempf-mobopts-nhood-discovery-00.txt), which provides a generic
> > protocol for carrying information elements of interest to IEEE 802.21."
> >
> > "Some Requirements for a Media Independent Handover Information Service"
> > (draft-faccin-mih-infoserv-00.txt,
> > http://www.ctie.monash.edu.au/dna/draft-faccin-mih-infoserv-00.txt
> > <http://www.ctie.monash.edu.au/dna/draft-faccin-mih-infoserv-00.txt> ).
> >
> > "Architectural Implications of Link Indications"
> > http://www.iab.org/documents/drafts/draft-iab-link-indications-01.txt
> > <http://www.iab.org/documents/drafts/draft-iab-link-indications-01.txt>
> >
> >
> > "Unified L2 Abstractions for L3-Driven Fast Handover"
> > http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-koki-mobopts-l2-abstractions-0
> > 2.txt
> >
> > "A Framework of Media-Independent Pre-Authentication (MPA)"
> > http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ohba-mobopts-mpa-framework-00.
> > txt
> >
> > Best Regards,
> > Michael G. Williams
> > IEEE 802.21 Working Group Vice Chair
> >
> >
>




From dna-owner@webcamserver.eng.monash.edu.au Thu Jul 07 12:38:02 2005
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Date: Thu, 07 Jul 2005 09:37:46 -0700
From: James Kempf <kempf@docomolabs-usa.com>
Subject: Re: [DNA] Re: Interest in protocols for IEEE 802.21 IS, CS, ES
Sender: owner-dna@ecselists.eng.monash.edu.au
To: stefano.faccin@nokia.com, gabriel_montenegro_2000@yahoo.com,
        Michael.G.Williams@nokia.com, mipshop@ietf.org, mobopts@irtf.org,
        dna@eng.monash.edu.au
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Stefano,

There is also Yoshi Obha's draft on media-independent pre-authentication.
Having read a draft of the 802.21 spec, I don't recall anything specifically
in this area, but from Mike's email, it sounds as if they are interested in
it. Was the intent of MIHEP to cover that too?

            jak


----- Original Message ----- 
From: <stefano.faccin@nokia.com>
To: <kempf@docomolabs-usa.com>; <gabriel_montenegro_2000@yahoo.com>;
<Michael.G.Williams@nokia.com>; <mipshop@ietf.org>; <mobopts@irtf.org>;
<dna@eng.monash.edu.au>
Cc: <Greg.Daley@eng.monash.edu.au>; <margaret@thingmagic.com>;
<rajeev@iprg.nokia.com>; <Basavaraj.Patil@nokia.com>
Sent: Thursday, July 07, 2005 8:04 AM
Subject: RE: [DNA] Re: Interest in protocols for IEEE 802.21 IS, CS, ES


James,
I guess the reference to triggers may have been a bit misleading. They are
relevant from the point of view that the drafts refer to some of the
technical aspects that the MIH services cover, but the focus here is not
specifically on the triggers between L2 and L3. If the MIHEP BOF is
approved, and if we coordinate the discussion with MIPSHOP, I believe we
will be able to cover the various aspects without requiring any other BOFs.
Stefano

-----Original Message-----
From: owner-dna@ecselists.eng.monash.edu.au
[mailto:owner-dna@ecselists.eng.monash.edu.au]On Behalf Of ext James
Kempf
Sent: Wednesday, July 06, 2005 18:12
To: gabriel montenegro; Williams Michael.G (Nokia-ES/MtView);
mipshop@ietf.org; mobopts@irtf.org; dna@eng.monash.edu.au
Cc: Greg.Daley@eng.monash.edu.au; margaret@thingmagic.com;
rajeev@iprg.nokia.com; Patil Basavaraj (Nokia-NET/Dallas)
Subject: [DNA] Re: Interest in protocols for IEEE 802.21 IS, CS, ES


Some of the things on Mike's list, like link triggers, are DNA items. We had
discussed doing the InfoElements work in Mipshop prior to the MIHEP BOF
discussion coming up. So now I'm completely confused what is happening,
which is why I suggested the BAR BOF.

Margaret, can you help us figure this out? Has the MIHEP BOF been approved?

            jak


----- Original Message ----- 
From: "gabriel montenegro" <gabriel_montenegro_2000@yahoo.com>
To: "James Kempf" <kempf@docomolabs-usa.com>;
<Michael.G.Williams@nokia.com>; <mipshop@ietf.org>; <mobopts@irtf.org>;
<dna@eng.monash.edu.au>
Cc: <Greg.Daley@eng.monash.edu.au>; <margaret@thingmagic.com>;
<rajeev@iprg.nokia.com>; <Basavaraj.Patil@nokia.com>
Sent: Wednesday, July 06, 2005 3:26 PM
Subject: Re: Interest in protocols for IEEE 802.21 IS, CS, ES


>
> Isn't this the subject for the proposed MIHEP BoF? What's the latest word,
> is it being scheduled? Some of this discussion is quite relevant to
> the MIPSHOP meeting, and the 802.21 folks are already on that agenda.
>
> But I agree that this is an important discussion. If the MIHEP BoF does
not get
> scheduled, we should have a bar BoF on the subject.
>
> -gabriel
>
> --- James Kempf <kempf@docomolabs-usa.com> wrote:
>
> > Mike,
> >
> > Would you like to get a BAR BOF-style meeting at IETF set up to discuss
> > this? With the help of an AD or IAB member, I think we could get a room
> > reserved for that purpose.
> >
> >             jak
> >
> > ----- Original Message ----- 
> > From: <Michael.G.Williams@nokia.com>
> > To: <mipshop@ietf.org>; <mobopts@irtf.org>; <dna@eng.monash.edu.au>
> > Cc: <Greg.Daley@eng.monash.edu.au>; <margaret@thingmagic.com>;
> > <kempf@docomolabs-usa.com>; <rajeev@iprg.nokia.com>;
> > <Basavraj.Patil@nokia.com>; <gabriel_montenegro_2000@yahoo.com>
> > Sent: Wednesday, July 06, 2005 3:02 PM
> > Subject: Interest in protocols for IEEE 802.21 IS, CS, ES
> >
> >
> > Colleagues,
> >
> > The IEEE 802.21 working group is developing services for facilitating IP
> > address mobility and service mobility, especially handoff across a
> > variety of media. The group is interested in working with the relevant
> > IETF/IRTF working groups to develop methods of  carrying  these services
> > across the network.  It would be ideal to discuss this at the next IETF
> > meeting.
> >
> > There are multiple drafts currently issued or in development that are
> > interesting and could serve as the basis for starting the work.
> >
> > Drafts of interest include but are not limited to :
> >
> > "Neighborhood Information Elements Discovery (NED)
> > (draft-kempf-mobopts-nhood-discovery-00.txt), which provides a generic
> > protocol for carrying information elements of interest to IEEE 802.21."
> >
> > "Some Requirements for a Media Independent Handover Information Service"
> > (draft-faccin-mih-infoserv-00.txt,
> > http://www.ctie.monash.edu.au/dna/draft-faccin-mih-infoserv-00.txt
> > <http://www.ctie.monash.edu.au/dna/draft-faccin-mih-infoserv-00.txt> ).
> >
> > "Architectural Implications of Link Indications"
> > http://www.iab.org/documents/drafts/draft-iab-link-indications-01.txt
> > <http://www.iab.org/documents/drafts/draft-iab-link-indications-01.txt>
> >
> >
> > "Unified L2 Abstractions for L3-Driven Fast Handover"
> > http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-koki-mobopts-l2-abstractions-0
> > 2.txt
> >
> > "A Framework of Media-Independent Pre-Authentication (MPA)"
> > http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ohba-mobopts-mpa-framework-00.
> > txt
> >
> > Best Regards,
> > Michael G. Williams
> > IEEE 802.21 Working Group Vice Chair
> >
> >
>




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Date: Thu, 07 Jul 2005 12:11:48 -0500
From: stefano.faccin@nokia.com
Subject: RE: [DNA] Re: Interest in protocols for IEEE 802.21 IS, CS, ES
Sender: owner-dna@ecselists.eng.monash.edu.au
To: kempf@docomolabs-usa.com, gabriel_montenegro_2000@yahoo.com,
        Michael.G.Williams@nokia.com, mipshop@ietf.org, mobopts@irtf.org,
        dna@eng.monash.edu.au
Cc: Greg.Daley@eng.monash.edu.au, margaret@thingmagic.com,
        rajeev@iprg.nokia.com, Basavaraj.Patil@nokia.com
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James,
thanks for bringing this up. Yoshi's work is definitely interesting and relevant to the area of 802.21, as Michael says. So far 802.21 has not been working on security aspects, but I do not rule out the group may work on them in the future. Therefore, as far as the present relevance of Yoshi's material with 802.21 work and requirements, that would be a whole separate discussion by itself. Again, I think it is relevant, but I'm afraid if we pull this into the MIHEP discussion now (without having had a similar discussion in 802.21) we may just stir up more mud and divert the discussion from the main topic.

Stefano

-----Original Message-----
From: ext James Kempf [mailto:kempf@docomolabs-usa.com]
Sent: Thursday, July 07, 2005 11:38
To: Faccin Stefano (Nokia-NRC/Dallas);
gabriel_montenegro_2000@yahoo.com; Williams Michael.G (Nokia-ES/MtView);
mipshop@ietf.org; mobopts@irtf.org; dna@eng.monash.edu.au
Cc: Greg.Daley@eng.monash.edu.au; margaret@thingmagic.com;
rajeev@iprg.nokia.com; Patil Basavaraj (Nokia-NET/Dallas)
Subject: Re: [DNA] Re: Interest in protocols for IEEE 802.21 IS, CS, ES


Stefano,

There is also Yoshi Obha's draft on media-independent pre-authentication.
Having read a draft of the 802.21 spec, I don't recall anything specifically
in this area, but from Mike's email, it sounds as if they are interested in
it. Was the intent of MIHEP to cover that too?

            jak


----- Original Message ----- 
From: <stefano.faccin@nokia.com>
To: <kempf@docomolabs-usa.com>; <gabriel_montenegro_2000@yahoo.com>;
<Michael.G.Williams@nokia.com>; <mipshop@ietf.org>; <mobopts@irtf.org>;
<dna@eng.monash.edu.au>
Cc: <Greg.Daley@eng.monash.edu.au>; <margaret@thingmagic.com>;
<rajeev@iprg.nokia.com>; <Basavaraj.Patil@nokia.com>
Sent: Thursday, July 07, 2005 8:04 AM
Subject: RE: [DNA] Re: Interest in protocols for IEEE 802.21 IS, CS, ES


James,
I guess the reference to triggers may have been a bit misleading. They are
relevant from the point of view that the drafts refer to some of the
technical aspects that the MIH services cover, but the focus here is not
specifically on the triggers between L2 and L3. If the MIHEP BOF is
approved, and if we coordinate the discussion with MIPSHOP, I believe we
will be able to cover the various aspects without requiring any other BOFs.
Stefano

-----Original Message-----
From: owner-dna@ecselists.eng.monash.edu.au
[mailto:owner-dna@ecselists.eng.monash.edu.au]On Behalf Of ext James
Kempf
Sent: Wednesday, July 06, 2005 18:12
To: gabriel montenegro; Williams Michael.G (Nokia-ES/MtView);
mipshop@ietf.org; mobopts@irtf.org; dna@eng.monash.edu.au
Cc: Greg.Daley@eng.monash.edu.au; margaret@thingmagic.com;
rajeev@iprg.nokia.com; Patil Basavaraj (Nokia-NET/Dallas)
Subject: [DNA] Re: Interest in protocols for IEEE 802.21 IS, CS, ES


Some of the things on Mike's list, like link triggers, are DNA items. We had
discussed doing the InfoElements work in Mipshop prior to the MIHEP BOF
discussion coming up. So now I'm completely confused what is happening,
which is why I suggested the BAR BOF.

Margaret, can you help us figure this out? Has the MIHEP BOF been approved?

            jak


----- Original Message ----- 
From: "gabriel montenegro" <gabriel_montenegro_2000@yahoo.com>
To: "James Kempf" <kempf@docomolabs-usa.com>;
<Michael.G.Williams@nokia.com>; <mipshop@ietf.org>; <mobopts@irtf.org>;
<dna@eng.monash.edu.au>
Cc: <Greg.Daley@eng.monash.edu.au>; <margaret@thingmagic.com>;
<rajeev@iprg.nokia.com>; <Basavaraj.Patil@nokia.com>
Sent: Wednesday, July 06, 2005 3:26 PM
Subject: Re: Interest in protocols for IEEE 802.21 IS, CS, ES


>
> Isn't this the subject for the proposed MIHEP BoF? What's the latest word,
> is it being scheduled? Some of this discussion is quite relevant to
> the MIPSHOP meeting, and the 802.21 folks are already on that agenda.
>
> But I agree that this is an important discussion. If the MIHEP BoF does
not get
> scheduled, we should have a bar BoF on the subject.
>
> -gabriel
>
> --- James Kempf <kempf@docomolabs-usa.com> wrote:
>
> > Mike,
> >
> > Would you like to get a BAR BOF-style meeting at IETF set up to discuss
> > this? With the help of an AD or IAB member, I think we could get a room
> > reserved for that purpose.
> >
> >             jak
> >
> > ----- Original Message ----- 
> > From: <Michael.G.Williams@nokia.com>
> > To: <mipshop@ietf.org>; <mobopts@irtf.org>; <dna@eng.monash.edu.au>
> > Cc: <Greg.Daley@eng.monash.edu.au>; <margaret@thingmagic.com>;
> > <kempf@docomolabs-usa.com>; <rajeev@iprg.nokia.com>;
> > <Basavraj.Patil@nokia.com>; <gabriel_montenegro_2000@yahoo.com>
> > Sent: Wednesday, July 06, 2005 3:02 PM
> > Subject: Interest in protocols for IEEE 802.21 IS, CS, ES
> >
> >
> > Colleagues,
> >
> > The IEEE 802.21 working group is developing services for facilitating IP
> > address mobility and service mobility, especially handoff across a
> > variety of media. The group is interested in working with the relevant
> > IETF/IRTF working groups to develop methods of  carrying  these services
> > across the network.  It would be ideal to discuss this at the next IETF
> > meeting.
> >
> > There are multiple drafts currently issued or in development that are
> > interesting and could serve as the basis for starting the work.
> >
> > Drafts of interest include but are not limited to :
> >
> > "Neighborhood Information Elements Discovery (NED)
> > (draft-kempf-mobopts-nhood-discovery-00.txt), which provides a generic
> > protocol for carrying information elements of interest to IEEE 802.21."
> >
> > "Some Requirements for a Media Independent Handover Information Service"
> > (draft-faccin-mih-infoserv-00.txt,
> > http://www.ctie.monash.edu.au/dna/draft-faccin-mih-infoserv-00.txt
> > <http://www.ctie.monash.edu.au/dna/draft-faccin-mih-infoserv-00.txt> ).
> >
> > "Architectural Implications of Link Indications"
> > http://www.iab.org/documents/drafts/draft-iab-link-indications-01.txt
> > <http://www.iab.org/documents/drafts/draft-iab-link-indications-01.txt>
> >
> >
> > "Unified L2 Abstractions for L3-Driven Fast Handover"
> > http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-koki-mobopts-l2-abstractions-0
> > 2.txt
> >
> > "A Framework of Media-Independent Pre-Authentication (MPA)"
> > http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ohba-mobopts-mpa-framework-00.
> > txt
> >
> > Best Regards,
> > Michael G. Williams
> > IEEE 802.21 Working Group Vice Chair
> >
> >
>




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From: Internet-Drafts@ietf.org
Subject: [DNA] I-D ACTION:draft-ietf-dna-hosts-01.txt
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A New Internet-Draft is available from the on-line Internet-Drafts directories.
This draft is a work item of the Detecting Network Attachment Working Group of the IETF.

	Title		: Detecting Network Attachment in IPv6 - Best
                          Current Practices for hosts.
	Author(s)	: S. Narayanan, et al.
	Filename	: draft-ietf-dna-hosts-01.txt
	Pages		: 25
	Date		: 2005-7-11
	
Hosts experiencing rapid link-layer changes may require efficient IP
   configuration change detection procedures than traditional fixed
   hosts.  DNA is defined as the process by which a host collects
   appropriate information and detects the identity of its currently
   attached link to ascertains the validity of its IP configuration.
   This document details best current practice for Detecting Network
   Attachment in IPv6 hosts using existing Neighbor Discovery
   procedures.  Since there is no explicit link identification mechanism
   in the existing Neighbor Discovery for IP Version 6, the document
   describes implicit mechanisms for identifying the current link.

A URL for this Internet-Draft is:
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Date: Tue, 12 Jul 2005 12:31:39 +0530
From: Syam Madanapalli <syam@samsung.com>
Subject: [DNA] Linkid Draft Implementation and Test Results
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Dear DNA WG,

We have implemented the following Linkid draft  

DNA Solution: Link Identifier based approach 
http://www.diffeo.com/drafts/draft-jinchoi-dna-protocol2-01.txt

and set up a test bed to conducted a few experiments. 

We are glad to say that everything worked fine and you 
can find the result in 

http://www.diffeo.com/test/Linkid_Implementation.ppt

In brief, the code is not so complex to write (390 line for a router 
and 160 lines for a host.) and our testbed consists of 2 links having 
3 router interfaces respectively (as described in slide 3). 

We have tested the cases of "Initialization", "Linkid change (Linkid 
prefix addition & deletion)" and "Link change" and the results were
as expected. Routers agreed on the same linkid in a second and 
a host correctly checked for the link change. 
- When a linkid is changed without link change, the host simply 
  changed its linkid prefix without falsely assuming a link change. 
- When the host moved to a different link, the host correctly 
  detected a link change  and changed its linkid prefix. 

Your feedback will be appreciated. 

Regards,
Syam



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Date: Tue, 12 Jul 2005 17:34:46 +1000
From: Brett Pentland <brett.pentland@eng.monash.edu.au>
Subject: Re: [DNA] Linkid Draft Implementation and Test Results
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Hi Syam,

Good work!  It's nice to see some real-world results.  I just
have a few quick questions about your test setup.  Is it possible
to add any imparements?  It's excellent to see it all working
properly, but it would be good to also be able to see what
happens in some less common situations like when packet loss
occurs, or when handover takes place during a renumbering
event.  It might be tricky to coordinate a handover to happen
during a renumbering event, but packet loss mightn't be too
hard.

Also, what does your host do with it's address configuration,
neighbour cache, etc. when it does detect change?  Greg has
been working here on an implementation of landmark-based link
identification, and I believe that so far the DNA process is able
to make decisions correctly, but at this point it doesn't
actually modify the address configuration (correct me if I'm
wrong Greg).  Have you managed to tie it all together?

One last question: how are the RAs received by the host?  Are
they solicited or unsolicited?

Cheers,
Brett.

Syam Madanapalli wrote:
> Dear DNA WG,
> 
> We have implemented the following Linkid draft 
> DNA Solution: Link Identifier based approach 
> http://www.diffeo.com/drafts/draft-jinchoi-dna-protocol2-01.txt
> 
> and set up a test bed to conducted a few experiments.
> We are glad to say that everything worked fine and you can find the 
> result in
> http://www.diffeo.com/test/Linkid_Implementation.ppt
> 
> In brief, the code is not so complex to write (390 line for a router and 
> 160 lines for a host.) and our testbed consists of 2 links having 3 
> router interfaces respectively (as described in slide 3).
> We have tested the cases of "Initialization", "Linkid change (Linkid 
> prefix addition & deletion)" and "Link change" and the results were
> as expected. Routers agreed on the same linkid in a second and a host 
> correctly checked for the link change. - When a linkid is changed 
> without link change, the host simply  changed its linkid prefix without 
> falsely assuming a link change. - When the host moved to a different 
> link, the host correctly  detected a link change  and changed its linkid 
> prefix.
> Your feedback will be appreciated.
> Regards,
> Syam



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Date: Tue, 12 Jul 2005 18:21:01 +1000
From: Brett Pentland <brett.pentland@eng.monash.edu.au>
Subject: [DNA] Bootstrapping router knowledge for landmark-based DNA proposal
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Hi folks,

I have been updating the landmark-based DNA proposal to reflect earlier
discussion on this list and just wanted to check something.

There was a query about the router behaviour during startup.  The draft
says that a router should send out router solicitations on startup so
that it can quickly learn about the other routers/prefixes active on the
link.  The draft is mute about how it should behave during this period.

My thought is that the router should basically behave like a non-DNA
router during this bootstrapping phase so that it can make its own
prefixes known, but won't make assumptions about its own knowledge of
the other routers/prefixes on the link.

A possible optimization would be to allow router to answer landmark
questions if the answer is yes (since the router knows it's right about
that regardless of what other routers are doing), but for a few seconds
around startup, it's probably not worth doing.

Any comments?
Brett.




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Date: Tue, 12 Jul 2005 14:51:21 +0530
From: Syam Madanapalli <syam@samsung.com>
Subject: Re: [DNA] Linkid Draft Implementation and Test Results
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Cc: dna@eng.monash.edu.au, JinHyeock Choi <jinchoe@samsung.com>,
        Subba Reddy <subbareddy@samsung.com>,
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Hi Brett,


> Hi Syam,
>
> Good work!  It's nice to see some real-world results.  I just
> have a few quick questions about your test setup.  Is it possible
> to add any imparements?  It's excellent to see it all working
> properly, but it would be good to also be able to see what
> happens in some less common situations like when packet loss
> occurs, or when handover takes place during a renumbering
> event.  It might be tricky to coordinate a handover to happen
> during a renumbering event, but packet loss mightn't be too
> hard.

We did not simulate any packet loss in our testbed. Also we have
not tested with flash renumbering. We tested with graceful
renumbering without any problems.

>
> Also, what does your host do with it's address configuration,
> neighbour cache, etc. when it does detect change? Greg has
> been working here on an implementation of landmark-based link
> identification, and I believe that so far the DNA process is able
> to make decisions correctly, but at this point it doesn't
> actually modify the address configuration (correct me if I'm
> wrong Greg).

Our status is almost same.
We were just testing the behavior of linkid based approach
under various cirumstances.
Currently, in case of link change we are just deleting the existing
addresses and NC, and configuring new address using
new prefix on the new link.

> Have you managed to tie it all together?
>
> One last question: how are the RAs received by the host?  Are
> they solicited or unsolicited?

We are using the unsolicited RAs. so hosts don't
have to send an RS to check for link change but
it may delay the link change decision if we do
not get quick RA. But depending on unsolicited RAs
may be good for host that do not support L2 hint.

We are also thinking to implement L2 hint to
trigger RS.

>
> Cheers,
> Brett.
>
> Syam Madanapalli wrote:
>> Dear DNA WG,
>>
>> We have implemented the following Linkid draft DNA Solution: Link 
>> Identifier based approach 
>> http://www.diffeo.com/drafts/draft-jinchoi-dna-protocol2-01.txt
>>
>> and set up a test bed to conducted a few experiments.
>> We are glad to say that everything worked fine and you can find the 
>> result in
>> http://www.diffeo.com/test/Linkid_Implementation.ppt
>>
>> In brief, the code is not so complex to write (390 line for a router and 
>> 160 lines for a host.) and our testbed consists of 2 links having 3 
>> router interfaces respectively (as described in slide 3).
>> We have tested the cases of "Initialization", "Linkid change (Linkid 
>> prefix addition & deletion)" and "Link change" and the results were
>> as expected. Routers agreed on the same linkid in a second and a host 
>> correctly checked for the link change. - When a linkid is changed without 
>> link change, the host simply  changed its linkid prefix without falsely 
>> assuming a link change. - When the host moved to a different link, the 
>> host correctly  detected a link change  and changed its linkid prefix.
>> Your feedback will be appreciated.
>> Regards,
>> Syam
>
> 




From dna-owner@webcamserver.eng.monash.edu.au Tue Jul 12 13:28:31 2005
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Date: Tue, 12 Jul 2005 10:27:00 -0700
From: James Kempf <Kempf@docomolabs-usa.com>
Subject: Re: [DNA] Bootstrapping router knowledge for landmark-based DNA
 proposal
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Brett,

Actually, I think that a DNA router should refrain from answering any RSs
until the bootstrap phase is complete. This phase is likely to be relatively
transient, and, in addition, it is possible the hosts will be starting up
too. Thus, in addition to the router not having complete information on the
link, the router could possibly fail over into the multicast with a higher
probability. So why not just limit any RAs during the bootstrap phase to
multicast?

Does 2461 say anthing about this?

            jak

----- Original Message -----
From: "Brett Pentland" <brett.pentland@eng.monash.edu.au>
To: "Dna" <dna@eng.monash.edu.au>
Sent: Tuesday, July 12, 2005 1:21 AM
Subject: [DNA] Bootstrapping router knowledge for landmark-based DNA
proposal


> Hi folks,
>
> I have been updating the landmark-based DNA proposal to reflect earlier
> discussion on this list and just wanted to check something.
>
> There was a query about the router behaviour during startup.  The draft
> says that a router should send out router solicitations on startup so
> that it can quickly learn about the other routers/prefixes active on the
> link.  The draft is mute about how it should behave during this period.
>
> My thought is that the router should basically behave like a non-DNA
> router during this bootstrapping phase so that it can make its own
> prefixes known, but won't make assumptions about its own knowledge of
> the other routers/prefixes on the link.
>
> A possible optimization would be to allow router to answer landmark
> questions if the answer is yes (since the router knows it's right about
> that regardless of what other routers are doing), but for a few seconds
> around startup, it's probably not worth doing.
>
> Any comments?
> Brett.
>





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From: Brett Pentland <brett.pentland@eng.monash.edu.au>
Subject: Re: [DNA] Bootstrapping router knowledge for landmark-based DNA
 proposal
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Hi Jim,

If DNA routers refrain from answering RSs altogether, then the
bootstapping process will achieve nothing when all the routers
on a link startup together since they'll just ignore each others'
RSs.

Regarding RFC 2461, the only bit I could find on this is section
6.2.1 which deals with becoming an advertising interface.  It doesn't
have any bootstrapping period; it just says that the interface
should respond to Router Solicitations sent to the all-routers
multicast address and that it should verify the consistancy of
RAs sent by neighbouring routers.

So I don't think it matters whether responses are unicast or
multicast but I think routers should respond with RAs that have
no DNA-specific options included.

Brett.

James Kempf wrote:
> Brett,
> 
> Actually, I think that a DNA router should refrain from answering any RSs
> until the bootstrap phase is complete. This phase is likely to be relatively
> transient, and, in addition, it is possible the hosts will be starting up
> too. Thus, in addition to the router not having complete information on the
> link, the router could possibly fail over into the multicast with a higher
> probability. So why not just limit any RAs during the bootstrap phase to
> multicast?
> 
> Does 2461 say anthing about this?
> 
>             jak
> 
> ----- Original Message -----
> From: "Brett Pentland" <brett.pentland@eng.monash.edu.au>
> To: "Dna" <dna@eng.monash.edu.au>
> Sent: Tuesday, July 12, 2005 1:21 AM
> Subject: [DNA] Bootstrapping router knowledge for landmark-based DNA
> proposal
> 
> 
> 
>>Hi folks,
>>
>>I have been updating the landmark-based DNA proposal to reflect earlier
>>discussion on this list and just wanted to check something.
>>
>>There was a query about the router behaviour during startup.  The draft
>>says that a router should send out router solicitations on startup so
>>that it can quickly learn about the other routers/prefixes active on the
>>link.  The draft is mute about how it should behave during this period.
>>
>>My thought is that the router should basically behave like a non-DNA
>>router during this bootstrapping phase so that it can make its own
>>prefixes known, but won't make assumptions about its own knowledge of
>>the other routers/prefixes on the link.
>>
>>A possible optimization would be to allow router to answer landmark
>>questions if the answer is yes (since the router knows it's right about
>>that regardless of what other routers are doing), but for a few seconds
>>around startup, it's probably not worth doing.
>>
>>Any comments?
>>Brett.



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Date: Wed, 13 Jul 2005 13:01:46 +1000
From: Greg Daley <Greg.Daley@eng.monash.edu.au>
Subject: Re: [DNA] Bootstrapping router knowledge for landmark-based DNA
 proposal
Sender: owner-dna@ecselists.eng.monash.edu.au
To: Brett Pentland <brett.pentland@eng.monash.edu.au>
Cc: James Kempf <Kempf@docomolabs-usa.com>, Dna <dna@eng.monash.edu.au>
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Hi Brett and Jim, 

----- Original Message -----
From: Brett Pentland <brett.pentland@eng.monash.edu.au>
Date: Wednesday, July 13, 2005 12:06 pm
Subject: Re: [DNA] Bootstrapping router knowledge for landmark-based 
DNA proposal
> Hi Jim,
> 
> If DNA routers refrain from answering RSs altogether, then the
> bootstapping process will achieve nothing when all the routers
> on a link startup together since they'll just ignore each others'
> RSs.

Chicken or Egg?

We've seen similar problems with this before, where
no-one advertises.

> Regarding RFC 2461, the only bit I could find on this is section
> 6.2.1 which deals with becoming an advertising interface.  It doesn't
> have any bootstrapping period; it just says that the interface
> should respond to Router Solicitations sent to the all-routers
> multicast address and that it should verify the consistancy of
> RAs sent by neighbouring routers.
> 
> So I don't think it matters whether responses are unicast or
> multicast but I think routers should respond with RAs that have
> no DNA-specific options included.

I think that for landmarks, the presence of the separate
Yes/No flags in the existing Landmark Option format allow
the router to say "I saw RS's Landmark Option", but leave
both flags unset if it is unable to say that the landmark
is present, while it is still bootstrapping knowledge


This is how I've implemented. I provide about 15 seconds 
for knowledge to be 'incomplete' in a similar way to CPL.
Routers advertise as described above. Hosts rely on CPL
logic if there's no authoritative landmark (which is always 
a decent fallback).

This also works when there are too many landmarks to track 
(for example if someone is spoofing prefixes to make it difficult
to store all seen prefixes).  Prefixes which are seen, stored and
known can be answered yes, but other prefixes can be answered
"I saw the RS's Landmark Option" with flags unset.

This provides knowledge that the state of the routers is incomplete
for the link.

This information is useful to hosts which wish to be aware of 
unusual circumstances.

With regard to advertisements, it's vitally important to immediately 
advertise your FastRA capability though, even though you may not be able
to do FastRA for a few seconds.  This means that fast RA delays won't be
available for 1/N of the RS's received in the bootstrap period, but 
those
devices should receive 50ms delayed RSs.

The reason for advertising FastRA immediately (even before you send) is 
to
ensure that RAs don't collide when you finally turn on the capability.

Greg





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Date: Wed, 13 Jul 2005 09:26:48 +0530
From: Subba Reddy <subbareddy@samsung.com>
Subject: Re: [DNA] Bootstrapping router knowledge for landmark-based DNA
 proposal
Sender: owner-dna@ecselists.eng.monash.edu.au
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Hi Brett and James,

> 
> If DNA routers refrain from answering RSs altogether, then the
> bootstapping process will achieve nothing when all the routers
> on a link startup together since they'll just ignore each others'
> RSs.
> 

I think routers should advertise RAs atleast for non DNA RSs.

For landmark queries, if the prefix advertised by the router 
(not learned prefix) and the landmark prefix matches, 
then it may be better to send "Yes".


<cut>

Thanks & Regards,
Subba Reddy



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Date: Wed, 13 Jul 2005 18:32:00 +1000
From: Brett Pentland <brett.pentland@eng.monash.edu.au>
Subject: [DNA] Token bucket for limiting responses to RSs in landmark-based DNA
 proposal
Sender: owner-dna@ecselists.eng.monash.edu.au
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Hi folks,

A while back on the design team list we had a discussion about
the proposed token bucket scheme for rate limiting routers' responses
to RSs.  The discussion started somewhere around

http://www.ctie.monash.edu.au/warchive/dna-dt/2005-04/msg00316.html

and continued around

http://www.ctie.monash.edu.au/warchive/dna-dt/2005-05/msg00016.html

There was a proposal to use a random drop model triggered by
measured rate of RS arrival.  Sathya did some simulations to
compare performance.  The first of these can be found at

http://www.ctie.monash.edu.au/warchive/dna-dt/2005-05/msg00018.html

and later ones in subsequent emails on that thread.

The outcome was that the random drop algorithm performed better, but
that with a small modification to the token bucket - doing away with
the unicast and multicast sender states, and just allowing a fast
unicast response whenever there is a token in the bucket (which is
actually what we started out with way back) - performs similarly,
but with less complexity.

I think we were just about convinced that this modification to the
token bucket was the way to go, but didn't quite close out the
issue before the date we had set ourselves to post the -00 draft.

Does anyone (DT members included) have any comment on this?
Brett.



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Date: Wed, 13 Jul 2005 04:21:10 -0700
From: Erik Nordmark <erik.nordmark@sun.com>
Subject: Re: [DNA] Bootstrapping router knowledge for landmark-based DNA
 proposal
In-reply-to: <2cd39c2cd2de.2cd2de2cd39c@monash.edu.au>
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        James Kempf <Kempf@docomolabs-usa.com>, Dna <dna@eng.monash.edu.au>
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Greg Daley wrote:
Greg,

overall your suggestions sound like a very useful strategy for both 
hosts and routers. Some nits below.

> I think that for landmarks, the presence of the separate
> Yes/No flags in the existing Landmark Option format allow
> the router to say "I saw RS's Landmark Option", but leave
> both flags unset if it is unable to say that the landmark
> is present, while it is still bootstrapping knowledge

I'm not sure it needs to say "I saw the landmark" - what would a host do 
when it receives this? The host would fall back to CPL in any case.

And while bootstrapping the router would now about the prefixes it has 
been configured to advertise, thus it can provide "yes" answers for those.

> This is how I've implemented. I provide about 15 seconds 
> for knowledge to be 'incomplete' in a similar way to CPL.
> Routers advertise as described above. Hosts rely on CPL
> logic if there's no authoritative landmark (which is always 
> a decent fallback).
> 
> This also works when there are too many landmarks to track 
> (for example if someone is spoofing prefixes to make it difficult
> to store all seen prefixes).  Prefixes which are seen, stored and
> known can be answered yes, but other prefixes can be answered
> "I saw the RS's Landmark Option" with flags unset.
> 
> This provides knowledge that the state of the routers is incomplete
> for the link.
> 
> This information is useful to hosts which wish to be aware of 
> unusual circumstances.
> 
> With regard to advertisements, it's vitally important to immediately 
> advertise your FastRA capability though, even though you may not be able
> to do FastRA for a few seconds.  This means that fast RA delays won't be
> available for 1/N of the RS's received in the bootstrap period, but 
> those
> devices should receive 50ms delayed RSs.
> 
> The reason for advertising FastRA immediately (even before you send) is 
> to
> ensure that RAs don't collide when you finally turn on the capability.

So is it for the fastRA that you need a "I saw the landmark" response?
Perhaps there should be a "I'm a fastRA router" in the RA.

   Erik



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Subject: Re: [DNA] Bootstrapping router knowledge for landmark-based DNA
 proposal
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Brett,

RFC 2461 seems to be a little thin on describing how a link (as opposed to a
single router) bootstraps.

I can see two possibilities;

1) The routers multicast RSs to All_Routers_Multicast, and receive unicast
nonDNA RAs in reply. To accommodate drops, the routers would have to
multicast a sequence of RSs at exponentially increasing intervals up to some
limit.

2) The routers multicast nonDNA RAs to All_Routers_Multicast at
exponentially increasing intervals until a limit. This technique was used in
SLP for bootstrapping a network of Service Agents.

The advantage of the first is that routers receive replies to their queries.

The disadvantage of the first is that hosts too can send out queries during
the bootstrap phase. The host will not learn anything different in the first
than the second, since the multicast nonDNA RAs in the second will provide
the same information as the unicast in the first, but an attacker could
utilize this to disrupt the bootstrapping phase by causing the routers to
roll over to multicast (which is actually what the second technique does
anyway).

Regarding the amount of traffic, there should be exactly as much multicast
traffic for the first as the second, but less unicast traffic on the second
because there is no unicast reply.

            jak





----- Original Message -----
From: "Brett Pentland" <brett.pentland@eng.monash.edu.au>
To: "James Kempf" <Kempf@docomolabs-usa.com>
Cc: "Dna" <dna@eng.monash.edu.au>
Sent: Tuesday, July 12, 2005 7:06 PM
Subject: Re: [DNA] Bootstrapping router knowledge for landmark-based DNA
proposal


> Hi Jim,
>
> If DNA routers refrain from answering RSs altogether, then the
> bootstapping process will achieve nothing when all the routers
> on a link startup together since they'll just ignore each others'
> RSs.
>
> Regarding RFC 2461, the only bit I could find on this is section
> 6.2.1 which deals with becoming an advertising interface.  It doesn't
> have any bootstrapping period; it just says that the interface
> should respond to Router Solicitations sent to the all-routers
> multicast address and that it should verify the consistancy of
> RAs sent by neighbouring routers.
>
> So I don't think it matters whether responses are unicast or
> multicast but I think routers should respond with RAs that have
> no DNA-specific options included.
>
> Brett.
>
> James Kempf wrote:
> > Brett,
> >
> > Actually, I think that a DNA router should refrain from answering any
RSs
> > until the bootstrap phase is complete. This phase is likely to be
relatively
> > transient, and, in addition, it is possible the hosts will be starting
up
> > too. Thus, in addition to the router not having complete information on
the
> > link, the router could possibly fail over into the multicast with a
higher
> > probability. So why not just limit any RAs during the bootstrap phase to
> > multicast?
> >
> > Does 2461 say anthing about this?
> >
> >             jak
> >
> > ----- Original Message -----
> > From: "Brett Pentland" <brett.pentland@eng.monash.edu.au>
> > To: "Dna" <dna@eng.monash.edu.au>
> > Sent: Tuesday, July 12, 2005 1:21 AM
> > Subject: [DNA] Bootstrapping router knowledge for landmark-based DNA
> > proposal
> >
> >
> >
> >>Hi folks,
> >>
> >>I have been updating the landmark-based DNA proposal to reflect earlier
> >>discussion on this list and just wanted to check something.
> >>
> >>There was a query about the router behaviour during startup.  The draft
> >>says that a router should send out router solicitations on startup so
> >>that it can quickly learn about the other routers/prefixes active on the
> >>link.  The draft is mute about how it should behave during this period.
> >>
> >>My thought is that the router should basically behave like a non-DNA
> >>router during this bootstrapping phase so that it can make its own
> >>prefixes known, but won't make assumptions about its own knowledge of
> >>the other routers/prefixes on the link.
> >>
> >>A possible optimization would be to allow router to answer landmark
> >>questions if the answer is yes (since the router knows it's right about
> >>that regardless of what other routers are doing), but for a few seconds
> >>around startup, it's probably not worth doing.
> >>
> >>Any comments?
> >>Brett.





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From: =?euc-kr?B?udq89sir?= <soohong.park@samsung.com>
Subject: [DNA] Re: [Mipshop]	RE: [Mobopts] Interest in protocols for IEEE
 802.21 IS, CS, ES
Sender: owner-dna@ecselists.eng.monash.edu.au
To: Singh Ajoy-ASINGH1 <ASINGH1@motorola.com>
Cc: "'Michael.G.Williams@nokia.com'" <Michael.G.Williams@nokia.com>,
        "'mipshop@ietf.org'" <mipshop@ietf.org>,
        "'mobopts@irtf.org'" <mobopts@irtf.org>,
        "'dna@eng.monash.edu.au'" <dna@eng.monash.edu.au>,
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        "'Marco Liebsch'" <marco.liebsch@netlab.nec.de>,
        "'rajeev@iprg.nokia.com'" <rajeev@iprg.nokia.com>,
        "'margaret@thingmagic.com'" <margaret@thingmagic.com>,
        "'gabriel_montenegro_2000@yahoo.com'" <gabriel_montenegro_2000@yahoo.com>,
        "'Basavaraj.Patil@nokia.com'" <Basavaraj.Patil@nokia.com>
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<HTML><HEAD><BODY><p>CARD is an IETF stuff. 802.21 framework runs under&nbsp;IP 
layer.<br><br>That's all. 
<p>In terms of protocol aspect, CARD is still an experimental track</p>
<p>and further, I don't agree CARD might be a standard track. </p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>Regards,</p>
<p>Daniel (Soohong Daniel Park)
</p>
<p>Mobile Platform Laboratory. SAMSUNG Electronics</p>
<p><br><br><br>------- <b>Original Message</b> -------<br><b>Sender</b> : Singh Ajoy-ASINGH1&lt;ASINGH1@motorola.com&gt;<br><b>Date</b>   : Jul 13, 2005 13:07<br><b>Title</b>  : [Mipshop]	RE: [Mobopts] Interest in protocols for IEEE 802.21 IS, CS,
 ES<br>Hi&nbsp;Michael,&nbsp;
<br>
<br>I&nbsp;do&nbsp;not&nbsp;see&nbsp;any&nbsp;mention&nbsp;of&nbsp;CARD&nbsp;protocol&nbsp;here.&nbsp;I&nbsp;think&nbsp;CARD&nbsp;is&nbsp;more&nbsp;appropriate&nbsp;candidate&nbsp;for&nbsp;IEEE&nbsp;802.21&nbsp;information&nbsp;service&nbsp;protocol.&nbsp;CARD&nbsp;is&nbsp;now&nbsp;published&nbsp;as&nbsp;experimental&nbsp;RFC.&nbsp;So,&nbsp;I&nbsp;would&nbsp;request&nbsp;that&nbsp;we&nbsp;should&nbsp;focus&nbsp;to&nbsp;advance&nbsp;CARD&nbsp;protocol&nbsp;to&nbsp;standard&nbsp;track&nbsp;and&nbsp;then&nbsp;use&nbsp;CARD&nbsp;for&nbsp;information&nbsp;service&nbsp;unless&nbsp;we&nbsp;can&nbsp;really&nbsp;find&nbsp;good&nbsp;reason&nbsp;to&nbsp;define&nbsp;a&nbsp;new&nbsp;protocol.&nbsp;
<br>Perhaps&nbsp;you&nbsp;might&nbsp;remember&nbsp;that&nbsp;I&nbsp;have&nbsp;mentioned&nbsp;use&nbsp;of&nbsp;CARD&nbsp;protocol&nbsp;in&nbsp;one&nbsp;of&nbsp;earlier&nbsp;IEEE&nbsp;802.21&nbsp;meetings&nbsp;but&nbsp;I&nbsp;could&nbsp;not&nbsp;continue&nbsp;to&nbsp;participate&nbsp;in&nbsp;subsequent&nbsp;IEEE&nbsp;meeting&nbsp;due&nbsp;to&nbsp;personal&nbsp;reason.
<br>
<br>Regards,
<br>Ajoy&nbsp;
<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>-----Original&nbsp;Message-----
<br>From:&nbsp;mobopts-bounces@irtf.org&nbsp;[mailto:mobopts-bounces@irtf.org]&nbsp;On&nbsp;Behalf&nbsp;Of&nbsp;Michael.G.Williams@nokia.com
<br>Sent:&nbsp;Wednesday,&nbsp;July&nbsp;06,&nbsp;2005&nbsp;5:02&nbsp;PM
<br>To:&nbsp;mipshop@ietf.org;&nbsp;mobopts@irtf.org;&nbsp;dna@eng.monash.edu.au
<br>Cc:&nbsp;kempf@docomolabs-usa.com;&nbsp;gabriel_montenegro_2000@yahoo.com;&nbsp;rajeev@iprg.nokia.com;&nbsp;margaret@thingmagic.com;&nbsp;Basavaraj.Patil@nokia.com
<br>Subject:&nbsp;[Mobopts]&nbsp;Interest&nbsp;in&nbsp;protocols&nbsp;for&nbsp;IEEE&nbsp;802.21&nbsp;IS,&nbsp;CS,&nbsp;ES
<br>
<br>Colleagues,
<br>&nbsp;
<br>The&nbsp;IEEE&nbsp;802.21&nbsp;working&nbsp;group&nbsp;is&nbsp;developing&nbsp;services&nbsp;for&nbsp;facilitating&nbsp;IP
<br>address&nbsp;mobility&nbsp;and&nbsp;service&nbsp;mobility,&nbsp;especially&nbsp;handoff&nbsp;across&nbsp;a
<br>variety&nbsp;of&nbsp;media.&nbsp;The&nbsp;group&nbsp;is&nbsp;interested&nbsp;in&nbsp;working&nbsp;with&nbsp;the&nbsp;relevant
<br>IETF/IRTF&nbsp;working&nbsp;groups&nbsp;to&nbsp;develop&nbsp;methods&nbsp;of&nbsp;&nbsp;carrying&nbsp;&nbsp;these&nbsp;services
<br>across&nbsp;the&nbsp;network.&nbsp;&nbsp;It&nbsp;would&nbsp;be&nbsp;ideal&nbsp;to&nbsp;discuss&nbsp;this&nbsp;at&nbsp;the&nbsp;next&nbsp;IETF
<br>meeting.&nbsp;
<br>&nbsp;
<br>There&nbsp;are&nbsp;multiple&nbsp;drafts&nbsp;currently&nbsp;issued&nbsp;or&nbsp;in&nbsp;development&nbsp;that&nbsp;are
<br>interesting&nbsp;and&nbsp;could&nbsp;serve&nbsp;as&nbsp;the&nbsp;basis&nbsp;for&nbsp;starting&nbsp;the&nbsp;work.
<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;
<br>Drafts&nbsp;of&nbsp;interest&nbsp;include&nbsp;but&nbsp;are&nbsp;not&nbsp;limited&nbsp;to&nbsp;:
<br>&nbsp;
<br>&quot;Neighborhood&nbsp;Information&nbsp;Elements&nbsp;Discovery&nbsp;(NED)
<br>(draft-kempf-mobopts-nhood-discovery-00.txt),&nbsp;which&nbsp;provides&nbsp;a&nbsp;generic
<br>protocol&nbsp;for&nbsp;carrying&nbsp;information&nbsp;elements&nbsp;of&nbsp;interest&nbsp;to&nbsp;IEEE&nbsp;802.21.&quot;&nbsp;
<br>&nbsp;
<br>&quot;Some&nbsp;Requirements&nbsp;for&nbsp;a&nbsp;Media&nbsp;Independent&nbsp;Handover&nbsp;Information&nbsp;Service&quot;
<br>(draft-faccin-mih-infoserv-00.txt,
<br>http://www.ctie.monash.edu.au/dna/draft-faccin-mih-infoserv-00.txt
<br>&lt;http://www.ctie.monash.edu.au/dna/draft-faccin-mih-infoserv-00.txt&gt;&nbsp;).
<br>&nbsp;
<br>&quot;Architectural&nbsp;Implications&nbsp;of&nbsp;Link&nbsp;Indications&quot;
<br>http://www.iab.org/documents/drafts/draft-iab-link-indications-01.txt
<br>&lt;http://www.iab.org/documents/drafts/draft-iab-link-indications-01.txt&gt;
<br>
<br>&nbsp;
<br>&quot;Unified&nbsp;L2&nbsp;Abstractions&nbsp;for&nbsp;L3-Driven&nbsp;Fast&nbsp;Handover&quot;
<br>http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-koki-mobopts-l2-abstractions-0
<br>2.txt
<br>&nbsp;
<br>&quot;A&nbsp;Framework&nbsp;of&nbsp;Media-Independent&nbsp;Pre-Authentication&nbsp;(MPA)&quot;
<br>http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ohba-mobopts-mpa-framework-00.
<br>txt&nbsp;
<br>&nbsp;
<br>Best&nbsp;Regards,
<br>Michael&nbsp;G.&nbsp;Williams
<br>IEEE&nbsp;802.21&nbsp;Working&nbsp;Group&nbsp;Vice&nbsp;Chair
<br>
<br>_______________________________________________
<br>Mobopts&nbsp;mailing&nbsp;list
<br>Mobopts@irtf.org
<br>https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/mobopts
<br>
<br>_______________________________________________
<br>Mipshop&nbsp;mailing&nbsp;list
<br>Mipshop@ietf.org
<br>https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/mipshop
<br>
<br>
<br><br><br>&nbsp;
</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>Regards

   
</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p><br></BODY></HTML>



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Date: Wed, 13 Jul 2005 09:29:22 -0700
From: James Kempf <Kempf@docomolabs-usa.com>
Subject: Re: [DNA] Bootstrapping router knowledge for landmark-based DNA
 proposal
Sender: owner-dna@ecselists.eng.monash.edu.au
To: Greg Daley <Greg.Daley@eng.monash.edu.au>,
        Brett Pentland <brett.pentland@eng.monash.edu.au>
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Greg,

> I think that for landmarks, the presence of the separate
> Yes/No flags in the existing Landmark Option format allow
> the router to say "I saw RS's Landmark Option", but leave
> both flags unset if it is unable to say that the landmark
> is present, while it is still bootstrapping knowledge
>

I'm not sure what this really buys us. During a link bootstrap, I wouldn't
expect any requests for landmarks from hosts anyway, since they will be
coming up on the link too. And, as you say below, if someone hands over
during that period, they can always use CPL.

>
> This is how I've implemented. I provide about 15 seconds
> for knowledge to be 'incomplete' in a similar way to CPL.
> Routers advertise as described above. Hosts rely on CPL
> logic if there's no authoritative landmark (which is always
> a decent fallback).
>

15 seconds sounds like a good default link configuration time. I'm not sure,
though, how that would work on a TRILL link. If there are a lot of Rbridges,
it might take longer. But as long as it is configurable, there should not be
a problem.

> This also works when there are too many landmarks to track
> (for example if someone is spoofing prefixes to make it difficult
> to store all seen prefixes).  Prefixes which are seen, stored and
> known can be answered yes, but other prefixes can be answered
> "I saw the RS's Landmark Option" with flags unset.
>
> This provides knowledge that the state of the routers is incomplete
> for the link.
>
> This information is useful to hosts which wish to be aware of
> unusual circumstances.
>

I don't know, it seems to be a bit of an additional refinement that I feel
probably wouldn't get used often, but seems like it would introduce
additional complexity.

> With regard to advertisements, it's vitally important to immediately
> advertise your FastRA capability though, even though you may not be able
> to do FastRA for a few seconds.  This means that fast RA delays won't be
> available for 1/N of the RS's received in the bootstrap period, but
> those
> devices should receive 50ms delayed RSs.
>
> The reason for advertising FastRA immediately (even before you send) is
> to
> ensure that RAs don't collide when you finally turn on the capability.
>

I don't understand this particular point. If a host just happens to need a
link attachment confirmation during bootstrap, then why is this important?
Seems like it could get the same from nonDNA RAs.

            jak





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Date: Wed, 13 Jul 2005 09:57:15 -0700
From: James Kempf <Kempf@docomolabs-usa.com>
Subject: Re: [DNA] Token bucket for limiting responses to RSs in landmark-based
 DNA proposal
Sender: owner-dna@ecselists.eng.monash.edu.au
To: Brett Pentland <brett.pentland@eng.monash.edu.au>,
        Dna <dna@eng.monash.edu.au>
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I agree that we should go with the modified token bucket algorithm. I'd
especially like to thank Sathya for his good work on this item.

            jak

----- Original Message -----
From: "Brett Pentland" <brett.pentland@eng.monash.edu.au>
To: "Dna" <dna@eng.monash.edu.au>
Sent: Wednesday, July 13, 2005 1:32 AM
Subject: [DNA] Token bucket for limiting responses to RSs in landmark-based
DNA proposal


> Hi folks,
>
> A while back on the design team list we had a discussion about
> the proposed token bucket scheme for rate limiting routers' responses
> to RSs.  The discussion started somewhere around
>
> http://www.ctie.monash.edu.au/warchive/dna-dt/2005-04/msg00316.html
>
> and continued around
>
> http://www.ctie.monash.edu.au/warchive/dna-dt/2005-05/msg00016.html
>
> There was a proposal to use a random drop model triggered by
> measured rate of RS arrival.  Sathya did some simulations to
> compare performance.  The first of these can be found at
>
> http://www.ctie.monash.edu.au/warchive/dna-dt/2005-05/msg00018.html
>
> and later ones in subsequent emails on that thread.
>
> The outcome was that the random drop algorithm performed better, but
> that with a small modification to the token bucket - doing away with
> the unicast and multicast sender states, and just allowing a fast
> unicast response whenever there is a token in the bucket (which is
> actually what we started out with way back) - performs similarly,
> but with less complexity.
>
> I think we were just about convinced that this modification to the
> token bucket was the way to go, but didn't quite close out the
> issue before the date we had set ourselves to post the -00 draft.
>
> Does anyone (DT members included) have any comment on this?
> Brett.





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Date: Wed, 13 Jul 2005 17:04:50 +0000 (GMT)
From: =?euc-kr?B?udq89sir?= <soohong.park@samsung.com>
Subject: [DNA] Re: RE: [Mipshop]	RE: [Mobopts] Interest in protocols for IEEE
 802.21 IS, CS, ES
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>However, I do not think that using IP transport is ruled out 
>by existing IEEE 802.21 spec. If we use IP transport then why 
>can't CARD be used. 
 
Singh, I didn't say *ruled out by 802.21*.
Please remind that layer 3 and higher layer protocol are 
beyond scope of 802.21 specification. 802.21 is to define
a media independent handover architecture on the layer 2.5.
(21-05-0240-01-0000-Joint_Harmonized_MIH_Proposal_Draft_Text)
 
I am not sure but MIHEN is able to be an available 
place to discuss what you concern.



Regards,

Daniel (SoohongDaniel Park) 
Mobile PlatformLaboratory. SAMSUNG Electronics



------- Original Message -------
Sender : SinghAjoy-ASINGH1<ASINGH1@motorola.com>
Date : Jul 13, 2005 13:07
Title : [Mipshop] RE: [Mobopts]Interest in protocols for IEEE 802.21 IS, CS, ES
Hi Michael, 

I do not see any mention of CARD protocol here. I think CARD is more appropriate candidate for IEEE 802.21 information service protocol. CARD is now published as experimental RFC. So, I would request that we should focus to advance CARD protocol to standard track and then use CARD for information service unless we can really find good reason to define a new protocol. 
Perhaps you might remember that I have mentioned use of CARD protocol in one of earlier IEEE 802.21 meetings but I could not continue to participate in subsequent IEEE meeting due to personal reason.

Regards, 
Ajoy 



-----Original Message-----
From: mobopts-bounces@irtf.org [mailto:mobopts-bounces@irtf.org] On Behalf Of Michael.G.Williams@nokia.com
Sent: Wednesday, July 06, 2005 5:02 PM
To: mipshop@ietf.org; mobopts@irtf.org; dna@eng.monash.edu.au
Cc: kempf@docomolabs-usa.com; gabriel_montenegro_2000@yahoo.com; rajeev@iprg.nokia.com; margaret@thingmagic.com; Basavaraj.Patil@nokia.com
Subject: [Mobopts] Interest in protocols for IEEE 802.21 IS, CS, ES

Colleagues, 
 
The IEEE 802.21 working group is developing services for facilitating IP
address mobility and service mobility, especially handoff across a
variety of media. The group is interested in working with the relevant
IETF/IRTF working groups to develop methods of  carrying  these services
across the network.  It would be ideal to discuss this at the next IETF
meeting. 
 
There are multiple drafts currently issued or in development that are
interesting and could serve as the basis for starting the work.
  
Drafts of interest include but are not limited to :
 
"Neighborhood Information Elements Discovery (NED)
(draft-kempf-mobopts-nhood-discovery-00.txt), which provides a generic
protocol for carrying information elements of interest to IEEE 802.21." 
 
"Some Requirements for a Media Independent Handover Information Service"
(draft-faccin-mih-infoserv-00.txt, 
http://www.ctie.monash.edu.au/dna/draft-faccin-mih-infoserv-00.txt 
<http://www.ctie.monash.edu.au/dna/draft-faccin-mih-infoserv-00.txt> ).
 
"Architectural Implications of Link Indications"
http://www.iab.org/documents/drafts/draft-iab-link-indications-01.txt 
<http://www.iab.org/documents/drafts/draft-iab-link-indications-01.txt> 

 
"Unified L2 Abstractions for L3-Driven Fast Handover"
http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-koki-mobopts-l2-abstractions-0 
2.txt 
 
"A Framework of Media-Independent Pre-Authentication (MPA)"
http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ohba-mobopts-mpa-framework-00. 
txt 
 
Best Regards,
Michael G. Williams
IEEE 802.21 Working Group Vice Chair

_______________________________________________ 
Mobopts mailing list
Mobopts@irtf.org 
https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/mobopts 

_______________________________________________ 
Mipshop mailing list
Mipshop@ietf.org 
https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/mipshop 




     
 
 
 
 
Regards 
 
 
 
  

 
 
 
 
 
Regards   
 
Daniel (Soohong Daniel Park)
Mobile Platform Laboratory. SAMSUNG Electronics
 
 



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Date: Thu, 14 Jul 2005 11:37:44 +1000
From: Greg Daley <greg.daley@eng.monash.edu.au>
Subject: Re: [DNA] Bootstrapping router knowledge for landmark-based DNA
 proposal
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Hi Erik,

Sorry about my lack of clarity.

Erik Nordmark wrote:
> Greg Daley wrote:
> Greg,
> 
> overall your suggestions sound like a very useful strategy for both 
> hosts and routers. Some nits below.
> 
>> I think that for landmarks, the presence of the separate
>> Yes/No flags in the existing Landmark Option format allow
>> the router to say "I saw RS's Landmark Option", but leave
>> both flags unset if it is unable to say that the landmark
>> is present, while it is still bootstrapping knowledge
> 
> 
> I'm not sure it needs to say "I saw the landmark" - what would a host do 
> when it receives this? The host would fall back to CPL in any case.

Any response containing a landmark option is the "I saw the landmark" I
mentioned.

It admittedly doesn't buy much for the receiver if it receives the
landmark option except to say that the DNA advertisor hasn't seen the
prefix itself.   Some information is conceivably better than none?

> And while bootstrapping the router would now about the prefixes it has 
> been configured to advertise, thus it can provide "yes" answers for those.

Definitely, Just as it can advertise RAs but not know that it has a
completeRA.

[cut]
>>
>> The reason for advertising FastRA immediately (even before you send) 
>> is to ensure that RAs don't collide when you finally turn on the
 >> capability.
> 
> 
> So is it for the fastRA that you need a "I saw the landmark" response?
> Perhaps there should be a "I'm a fastRA router" in the RA.

I think the two are separate.  The DNA flag provides the
"I'm a fastRA router" capability.  It can be switched on even before
the router needs it though.





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From: Greg Daley <greg.daley@eng.monash.edu.au>
Subject: Re: [DNA] Bootstrapping router knowledge for landmark-based DNA
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Hi James,

I think you're thinking of what happens after power failure.
While that's important, valid (and fast) configuration when
other routers are already in operation is also needed.

James Kempf wrote:
> Greg,
> 
> 
>>I think that for landmarks, the presence of the separate
>>Yes/No flags in the existing Landmark Option format allow
>>the router to say "I saw RS's Landmark Option", but leave
>>both flags unset if it is unable to say that the landmark
>>is present, while it is still bootstrapping knowledge
>>
> 
> 
> I'm not sure what this really buys us. During a link bootstrap, I wouldn't
> expect any requests for landmarks from hosts anyway, since they will be
> coming up on the link too. And, as you say below, if someone hands over
> during that period, they can always use CPL.

There are often other devices which will be already running,
so the router can be present, and tell hosts and routers about
its presence (for example setting the DNA flag), whilst not
countermanding existing DNA state.

>>This is how I've implemented. I provide about 15 seconds
>>for knowledge to be 'incomplete' in a similar way to CPL.
>>Routers advertise as described above. Hosts rely on CPL
>>logic if there's no authoritative landmark (which is always
>>a decent fallback).
>>
> 
> 
> 15 seconds sounds like a good default link configuration time. I'm not sure,
> though, how that would work on a TRILL link. If there are a lot of Rbridges,
> it might take longer. But as long as it is configurable, there should not be
> a problem.

If the period is much more than 15 seconds, it really matters that
the routers have some partial DNA capability enabled in order to
provide protection from poor environments (where it would be possible to
drop into and out of configuration).

More than 15 seconds is fine, but STP calculation is 30 seconds so I
wouldn't go more than 45 seconds on startup.

If the idea is OK, then we can fine-tune the time.

>>This also works when there are too many landmarks to track
>>(for example if someone is spoofing prefixes to make it difficult
>>to store all seen prefixes).  Prefixes which are seen, stored and
>>known can be answered yes, but other prefixes can be answered
>>"I saw the RS's Landmark Option" with flags unset.
>>
>>This provides knowledge that the state of the routers is incomplete
>>for the link.
>>
>>This information is useful to hosts which wish to be aware of
>>unusual circumstances.
>>
> 
> 
> I don't know, it seems to be a bit of an additional refinement that I feel
> probably wouldn't get used often, but seems like it would introduce
> additional complexity.

Not much!

I've just got a hold down timer which if it hasn't expired, you cannot
answer "no" authoritatively in the Landmark option (or call the RA a
CompleteRA).

It's called the OverFlow timer for when there are too many prefixes to
track.   DNA will need some sort of protection for that case too.
I just default the timer to exipre 15 seconds after startup.

>>With regard to advertisements, it's vitally important to immediately
>>advertise your FastRA capability though, even though you may not be able
>>to do FastRA for a few seconds.  This means that fast RA delays won't be
>>available for 1/N of the RS's received in the bootstrap period, but
>>those
>>devices should receive 50ms delayed RSs.
>>
>>The reason for advertising FastRA immediately (even before you send) is
>>to
>>ensure that RAs don't collide when you finally turn on the capability.
>>
> 
> 
> I don't understand this particular point. If a host just happens to need a
> link attachment confirmation during bootstrap, then why is this important?
> Seems like it could get the same from nonDNA RAs.

It's not the host's startup. Hosts are battery powered, and may just 
arrive while one of the routers is starting.

If none of the routers are bootstrapped, then the responses from the
routers will be nonDNA (non fast) RAs.

If any of the routers are already bootstrapped, then they will be able
to provide fastRA response.

Since any number of the other routers may already be advertising, they
only need to adjust their position for the joining router (actually I
think the adjustment is 20ms (RASeparation) in the draft).

This will only affect the responses for the advertisements where the
router would have advertised fastest anyway (based on the hashing
method).

Greg



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Date: Thu, 14 Jul 2005 21:44:57 +1000
From: Greg Daley <greg.daley@eng.monash.edu.au>
Subject: [DNA] Code for implementations of draft-pentland-dna-protocol-00.txt,
 and draft-ietf-dna-cpl-00.txt
Sender: owner-dna@ecselists.eng.monash.edu.au
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Dear DNA WG,

I've just finished basic testing of the following two pieces
of code, which comprise a complete implementation of one
of the DNA protocol proposals, as well as the DNA with
unmodified routers document: draft-ietf-dna-cpl-00.


As you're aware protocol-00 contains RS processing and
FastRA delivery/rate limiting mechanisms, and also describes
link idenfitication using prefix landmarking and CompleteRA.

This is all included.


host code (protocol-00 + CPL):

http://www.ctie.monash.edu.au/dna/eventrs0.02.tgz

router (radvd) code (protocol-00):

http://www.ctie.monash.edu.au/dna/radvddna0.02-0.7.3.patch


Router Support:
---------------

Here's the build instructions.

download and extract a tgz of radvd-0.7.3.

 From the expanded directory radvd-0.7.3:

patch -p1 --dry-run < ../radvddna0.02-0.7.3.patch

patch -p1 < ../radvddna0.02-0.7.3.patch

chmod 0755 ./auto

./auto; ./configure --sysconfdir=/etc ; make


Before running radvd, you need a radvd.conf file which
supports DNA:

setting:

DNASupport on;

Should probably be sufficient to start DNA on an Interface.

Also the settings:

RecvSourceLLAddress on;
RecvTentativeLLAddress on;

May be used to provide unicast responses without requiring Neighbour
Discovery exchanges.  Limits with the implementation (+kernel)
mean that this doesn't work well on links with many neighbours/hosts.

This radvd implements "variant 1" DNA option sizing, as discussed
on the DNA list.


Host Support:
-------------

extract the tar, it will create a subdirectory eventrs:

in this directory run:

make

This should build the dna clients.

There are:

stand-alone RS senders  - sendrsnew
stand-alone RS sender/RA receiver - sendrsmatch
link-layer event driven RS sending - eventrs
link-layer event driven RS sending/matching and CPL generation - dnadaem

dnadaem represents the furthest developed of these tools.

It provides DNA support using RS's with prefix landmarks and
TSLLAOs, and monitors inbound link-layer events, and RA reception.

It can infer whether link-change has occurred from Complete Prefix
Lists using unmodified routers, DNA compliant routers, or combination
DNA and legacy routers.   It prints out a message when link change
occurs, but takes no other actions.  Importantly, it doesn't modify
the kernel's perception of configuration state (please feel free),
or configure global addresses.

It has been tested with airo_cs (Cisco 350) on a Linux 2.4.9 kernel.
Kernel driver support for wireless events is required, but available
in the abovementioned kernel for airo_cs.

Some elementary support for other devices is available, but this is
expected to improve with further testing.

read the file README.txt for licensing and instructions on how to
use these tools.

Experimenting with the simple 'eventrs' tool is encouraged, while
event bugs are being diagnosed.


Please contact me with questions (on-list is OK, so long as the issues
are protocol not code specific), but I'm not immediately ready to
perform deep technical support for this (I.e. think of it as
experimental, and I'll answer questions as to how it works/doesn't
work but I'm not looking at fixing coredumps for you).  I hope that's
OK.

Please have a look, see if you can get it compiled and installed,
and see if it has the same results for you which it did for me in my
testbed.


Greg



From dna-owner@webcamserver.eng.monash.edu.au Thu Jul 14 14:03:51 2005
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Date: Thu, 14 Jul 2005 14:01:27 -0400
From: Eunsoo Shim <eunsoo@research.panasonic.com>
Subject: [DNA] Re: [Mipshop]	RE: [Mobopts] Interest in protocols for IEEE
	802.21IS, CS, ES
In-reply-to: <0IJK00H81QPZWA@ms3.samsung.com>
Sender: owner-dna@ecselists.eng.monash.edu.au
To: soohong.park@samsung.com
Cc: Singh Ajoy-ASINGH1 <ASINGH1@motorola.com>,
        "'margaret@thingmagic.com'" <margaret@thingmagic.com>,
        "'mipshop@ietf.org'" <mipshop@ietf.org>,
        "'kempf@docomolabs-usa.com'" <kempf@docomolabs-usa.com>,
        "'Marco Liebsch'" <marco.liebsch@netlab.nec.de>,
        "'rajeev@iprg.nokia.com'" <rajeev@iprg.nokia.com>,
        "'dna@eng.monash.edu.au'" <dna@eng.monash.edu.au>,
        "'gabriel_montenegro_2000@yahoo.com'" <gabriel_montenegro_2000@yahoo.com>,
        "'Basavaraj.Patil@nokia.com'" <Basavaraj.Patil@nokia.com>,
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Hi, Soohong,

Please let me add a comment in this discussion.


> CARD is an IETF stuff. 802.21 framework runs under IP layer.
>
This is generally the case. But the requirement of 802.21 IS
(Information Service) "to be Media Indepent" makes a different case.
If the contact point for a mobile talking 802.21 IS is a function
separated from (or independent of) any specific L2 entity or L2
technology, then it should be IP transport. If L2 protocol entities such
as the Access Point talk 802.21 IS, this adds a lot of overhead to each
L2 protocol and its entity such as Access Points, in particular if they
have to learn about the environment (maybe beyond the scope of its own
technology?) such as IP layer information.

It would be a long and open-ended process to modify/extend every single
L2 to adopt 802.21 IS. To be "Media Independent", using IP as transport
is a logical and quickest way. So I'd say 802.21 framework will be
designed in IEEE 802.21 but the protocol for 802.21 IS should come from
IETF. If a protocol comes from IETF, CARD is the primary candidate
because it was designed for the functions IEEE 802.21 IS is meant to do.
What do you think?

Regards,

Eunsoo






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Date: Thu, 14 Jul 2005 12:00:13 -0700
From: Michael.G.Williams@nokia.com
Subject: RE: [DNA] Re: [Mipshop]	RE: [Mobopts] Interest in protocols for
 IEEE802.21IS, CS, ES
Sender: owner-dna@ecselists.eng.monash.edu.au
To: eunsoo@research.panasonic.com, soohong.park@samsung.com
Cc: ASINGH1@motorola.com, margaret@thingmagic.com, mipshop@ietf.org,
        kempf@docomolabs-usa.com, marco.liebsch@netlab.nec.de,
        rajeev@iprg.nokia.com, dna@eng.monash.edu.au,
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 IEEE802.21IS, CS, ES
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Hi Eunsoo,

Despite the opinion that it will be a long and open-ended process to
modify IEEE 802 MAC layers to adopt IEEE 802.21, that is the plan (well,
not that it will be necessarily long and open ended ;^). Within the IEEE
802.11 and 802.16 working groups there are already groups assigned to
this task.

Even so, there is still the need for the MIH IS (and potentially ES and
CS)  to be available between entities that cannot communicate directly
via MAC services. 

Best Regards,
Michael

-----Original Message-----
From: owner-dna@ecselists.eng.monash.edu.au
[mailto:owner-dna@ecselists.eng.monash.edu.au] On Behalf Of ext Eunsoo
Shim
Sent: Thursday, July 14, 2005 11:01 AM
To: soohong.park@samsung.com
Cc: Singh Ajoy-ASINGH1; 'margaret@thingmagic.com'; 'mipshop@ietf.org';
'kempf@docomolabs-usa.com'; 'Marco Liebsch'; 'rajeev@iprg.nokia.com';
'dna@eng.monash.edu.au'; 'gabriel_montenegro_2000@yahoo.com'; Patil
Basavaraj (Nokia-NET/Dallas); 'mobopts@irtf.org'
Subject: [DNA] Re: [Mipshop] RE: [Mobopts] Interest in protocols for
IEEE802.21IS, CS, ES

Hi, Soohong,

Please let me add a comment in this discussion.


> CARD is an IETF stuff. 802.21 framework runs under IP layer.
>
This is generally the case. But the requirement of 802.21 IS
(Information Service) "to be Media Indepent" makes a different case.
If the contact point for a mobile talking 802.21 IS is a function
separated from (or independent of) any specific L2 entity or L2
technology, then it should be IP transport. If L2 protocol entities such
as the Access Point talk 802.21 IS, this adds a lot of overhead to each
L2 protocol and its entity such as Access Points, in particular if they
have to learn about the environment (maybe beyond the scope of its own
technology?) such as IP layer information.

It would be a long and open-ended process to modify/extend every single
L2 to adopt 802.21 IS. To be "Media Independent", using IP as transport
is a logical and quickest way. So I'd say 802.21 framework will be
designed in IEEE 802.21 but the protocol for 802.21 IS should come from
IETF. If a protocol comes from IETF, CARD is the primary candidate
because it was designed for the functions IEEE 802.21 IS is meant to do.
What do you think?

Regards,

Eunsoo






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Date: Thu, 14 Jul 2005 15:14:50 -0400
From: Eunsoo Shim <eunsoo@research.panasonic.com>
Subject: Re: [DNA] Re: [Mipshop]	RE: [Mobopts] Interest in protocols	for
	IEEE802.21IS,CS, ES
In-reply-to: <8A76136424391244A5CF0165337085375F4F46@mvebe101.NOE.Nokia.com>
Sender: owner-dna@ecselists.eng.monash.edu.au
To: Michael.G.Williams@nokia.com
Cc: soohong.park@samsung.com, ASINGH1@motorola.com, margaret@thingmagic.com,
        mipshop@ietf.org, kempf@docomolabs-usa.com,
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Hi, Michael,

If there is a IP-based protocol, it will solve the problem at once for 
all L2 technologies.
Nowadays, all wireless network technologies are moving forward to IP.
In particular, 802.11 and 802.16 support IP from the beginning.
Furthermore, if you want to allow any location of the information 
service entity in the network side, there is no other choice but to take 
IP as transport.
If 802.21 WG develops MAC-specific protocols in parallel with an 
IP-based protocol, there will be lots duplicate and unnecessary effort.
 From the implementation point of view, a mobile node might have to 
contain multiple protocol entities for the same function (eg. IS over 
802.11 MAC, IS over 802.16 MAC and IS over IP). 

Why do you want to do that?
Regards,

Eunsoo

Michael.G.Williams@nokia.com wrote:

> 
>Hi Eunsoo,
>
>Despite the opinion that it will be a long and open-ended process to
>modify IEEE 802 MAC layers to adopt IEEE 802.21, that is the plan (well,
>not that it will be necessarily long and open ended ;^). Within the IEEE
>802.11 and 802.16 working groups there are already groups assigned to
>this task.
>
>Even so, there is still the need for the MIH IS (and potentially ES and
>CS)  to be available between entities that cannot communicate directly
>via MAC services. 
>
>Best Regards,
>Michael
>
>-----Original Message-----
>From: owner-dna@ecselists.eng.monash.edu.au
>[mailto:owner-dna@ecselists.eng.monash.edu.au] On Behalf Of ext Eunsoo
>Shim
>Sent: Thursday, July 14, 2005 11:01 AM
>To: soohong.park@samsung.com
>Cc: Singh Ajoy-ASINGH1; 'margaret@thingmagic.com'; 'mipshop@ietf.org';
>'kempf@docomolabs-usa.com'; 'Marco Liebsch'; 'rajeev@iprg.nokia.com';
>'dna@eng.monash.edu.au'; 'gabriel_montenegro_2000@yahoo.com'; Patil
>Basavaraj (Nokia-NET/Dallas); 'mobopts@irtf.org'
>Subject: [DNA] Re: [Mipshop] RE: [Mobopts] Interest in protocols for
>IEEE802.21IS, CS, ES
>
>Hi, Soohong,
>
>Please let me add a comment in this discussion.
>
>
>  
>
>>CARD is an IETF stuff. 802.21 framework runs under IP layer.
>>
>>    
>>
>This is generally the case. But the requirement of 802.21 IS
>(Information Service) "to be Media Indepent" makes a different case.
>If the contact point for a mobile talking 802.21 IS is a function
>separated from (or independent of) any specific L2 entity or L2
>technology, then it should be IP transport. If L2 protocol entities such
>as the Access Point talk 802.21 IS, this adds a lot of overhead to each
>L2 protocol and its entity such as Access Points, in particular if they
>have to learn about the environment (maybe beyond the scope of its own
>technology?) such as IP layer information.
>
>It would be a long and open-ended process to modify/extend every single
>L2 to adopt 802.21 IS. To be "Media Independent", using IP as transport
>is a logical and quickest way. So I'd say 802.21 framework will be
>designed in IEEE 802.21 but the protocol for 802.21 IS should come from
>IETF. If a protocol comes from IETF, CARD is the primary candidate
>because it was designed for the functions IEEE 802.21 IS is meant to do.
>What do you think?
>
>Regards,
>
>Eunsoo
>
>
>
>  
>




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Subject: Re: [DNA] Bootstrapping router knowledge for landmark-based DNA
 proposal
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> I think you're thinking of what happens after power failure.
> While that's important, valid (and fast) configuration when
> other routers are already in operation is also needed.
>

You're thinking of a new router coming up when the link is already
boostrapped, yes, that's true.

> There are often other devices which will be already running,
> so the router can be present, and tell hosts and routers about
> its presence (for example setting the DNA flag), whilst not
> countermanding existing DNA state.
>

OK, so I have no objection if the DNA flag is set during link bootstrap.

> I've just got a hold down timer which if it hasn't expired, you cannot
> answer "no" authoritatively in the Landmark option (or call the RA a
> CompleteRA).
>
> It's called the OverFlow timer for when there are too many prefixes to
> track.   DNA will need some sort of protection for that case too.
> I just default the timer to exipre 15 seconds after startup.
>


So how many timers are there total in your implementation?

> >>With regard to advertisements, it's vitally important to immediately
> >>advertise your FastRA capability though, even though you may not be able
> >>to do FastRA for a few seconds.  This means that fast RA delays won't be
> >>available for 1/N of the RS's received in the bootstrap period, but
> >>those
> >>devices should receive 50ms delayed RSs.
> >>
> >>The reason for advertising FastRA immediately (even before you send) is
> >>to
> >>ensure that RAs don't collide when you finally turn on the capability.
> >>
> >
> >
> > I don't understand this particular point. If a host just happens to need
a
> > link attachment confirmation during bootstrap, then why is this
important?
> > Seems like it could get the same from nonDNA RAs.
>
> It's not the host's startup. Hosts are battery powered, and may just
> arrive while one of the routers is starting.
>
> If none of the routers are bootstrapped, then the responses from the
> routers will be nonDNA (non fast) RAs.
>
> If any of the routers are already bootstrapped, then they will be able
> to provide fastRA response.
>
> Since any number of the other routers may already be advertising, they
> only need to adjust their position for the joining router (actually I
> think the adjustment is 20ms (RASeparation) in the draft).
>
> This will only affect the responses for the advertisements where the
> router would have advertised fastest anyway (based on the hashing
> method).
>

OK, this sounds fine.

            jak





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From: Greg Daley <greg.daley@eng.monash.edu.au>
Subject: Re: [DNA] Bootstrapping router knowledge for landmark-based DNA
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Hi James,

James Kempf wrote:
>>I think you're thinking of what happens after power failure.
>>While that's important, valid (and fast) configuration when
>>other routers are already in operation is also needed.
>>
> 
> 
> You're thinking of a new router coming up when the link is already
> boostrapped, yes, that's true.
> 
> 
>>There are often other devices which will be already running,
>>so the router can be present, and tell hosts and routers about
>>its presence (for example setting the DNA flag), whilst not
>>countermanding existing DNA state.
>>
> 
> 
> OK, so I have no objection if the DNA flag is set during link bootstrap.
> 
> 
>>I've just got a hold down timer which if it hasn't expired, you cannot
>>answer "no" authoritatively in the Landmark option (or call the RA a
>>CompleteRA).
>>
>>It's called the OverFlow timer for when there are too many prefixes to
>>track.   DNA will need some sort of protection for that case too.
>>I just default the timer to exipre 15 seconds after startup.
>>
> 
> 
> 
> So how many timers are there total in your implementation?

There's one timer for the gathered prefixes (this doesn't have an
expiry callback,  but is checked when the list is used or updated).
This is used as the overflow timer.

There's a timer per interface for fastRA token buckets
(this doesn't have an expiry callback, as it's checked when an RS
is received).

There's a set of timers with callback expiries for scheduling delayed
unicast RAs (Added in my version of Radvd in order to provide
parallel responses).  These have callback expiry timers, free pools etc.

There's a multicast RA timer per interface.  This already
existed in RADVD.

The first two sets require updating with gettimeofday() operations,
and have a comparison operation, but these are only called when the
data structure would otherwise be used or updated, so don't have
their own scheduling mechanisms.

The code's out now (not the most simple version, but inspectable).

Greg



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Subject: [DNA] Flash renumbering and CompleteRA/CPL maintenance
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Hi,


When discussing changes to the advertised prefix lists with Brett
we determined that there's insufficient guidance in protocol-00
regarding the lifetimes of received Prefixes in the DNA Option,
for nodes arriving after a prefix stops being advertised
on a link.


For the normal case, a prefix which is to stop being advertised
will have a advertised reduced lifetime (down to 0), and then
the prefix can be reassigned after the original valid lifetime
had expired  (decrements in real-time on hosts as per RFC2461).
Hosts which

For nodes arriving after their only knowledge of the
validity of the prefixes comes from their being advertised in
DNA options.  The DNA option doesn't contain explicit lifetime
information.  This (I guess) means that by default DNA options
are assumed to be valid for 1800 seconds (the maximum
MaxRtrAdvInterval :- 3 times the default MaxRtrAdvInterval).

This means that while these prefixes are readvertised in DNAO,
up to the end of the prefix's valid lifetime, they can have
30 minutes extra life beyond the actual lifetime of the prefix
on the link.

This is problematic for example, if the prefixes are delegated using
DHCP, and there is strong demand for prefixes.  This could lead
to reassignment of prefixes to new links immediately after their
validity expires.

In order to limit the exposure of hosts to this issue (believing
a prefix is still on-link when it is not),  the following
measures may be reasonable:


Firstly, a lifetime in a PIO cannot be overridden by a received
DNA Option.

    This means that any host receiving a PIO containing a valid
    lifetime will believe that in preference to subsequently
    received DNAOs.  These valid lifetimes will be decremented in
    real-time (as per RFC2461), leading to a perceived lifetime
    which cannot exceed the lifetime of the prefix on-link.

This doesn't help hosts which never saw the PIO in the first place,
and only has the prefix configured due to DNAO reception.

Secondly, a completeRA received always updates the list of prefixes
on the link, even by removing existing prefixes before the host
would expire them.

    This means that the next RA from another router received after
    the prefix expires will remove the prefix from the CPL on the host.
    This has security implications, but can be secured with SEND.

By using these mechanisms, a prefix which ceases being on-link can only
be kept by hosts as long as no updating RA information arrives.

I've implemented these mechanisms in the released code for dnadaem (host
inference module for DNA).

An alternative would be to contain a minimum lifetime for the objects
in the DNAO,  I think this would be wasteful of space, and could cause
cascades of configuration as a partcular prefix timed out (out of the
set of advertised prefixes in the DNAO).




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From: Greg Daley <greg.daley@eng.monash.edu.au>
Subject: [DNA] update to DNAdaem code (v0.03)
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Hi,

I've just uploaded a new version of the DNA daemon code,
which fixes a small but embarrassing bug in
the prefix lifetime code (thanks Brett).

This is now available for download at:

http://www.ctie.monash.edu.au/dna/eventrs0.03.tgz

Greg Daley




From dna-owner@webcamserver.eng.monash.edu.au Fri Jul 15 01:43:21 2005
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Date: Fri, 15 Jul 2005 15:41:51 +1000
From: Greg Daley <greg.daley@eng.monash.edu.au>
Subject: [DNA] Building upon agreement: Which bits of DNA solution do we have
 consensus for?
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Dear WG,

At the moment, there are two documents aimed at providing input
to the DNA solutions process:

draft-pentland-dna-protocol-00.txt
draft-jinchoi-dna-protocol2-00.txt

It seems that the primary focus of difference between these
two proposals is in Link Identification.


Therefore, I'd like to look into the existing proposals to
extract what are the agreed components which the WG believes
are necessary regardless of the solution.

In this way I hope to build most of the solution, in a way
which allows a "drop in" of the agreed Link Identification
solution, when agreement is reached on that issue.

Does that sound reasonable?

Here are a list of steps which I guess may be agreeable for
the WG as components of the general DNA solution.

Requirement Levels and message contents are ignored unless explicitly
stated.

Please tell me if you agree that this is a reasonable set of
general components required for DNA, without exploring Link
Identification.

Please indicate if there are components which you think are missing
from the general DNA solution, or items present in the list which
you don't agree with:


1. Link-Layer indications on hosts

    Use of "Link-Up" indications as in draft-ietf-dna-link-information,
    in order to start DNA operations

2.  RS transmission upon Link-Up indication

    Transmission of an RS with an Optimistic Source Address when a
    Link-Layer indication is received.

3. Unicast Solicited RA Delivery

    Delivery of Solicited RAs to unicast addresses by default,
    in order to avoid MinDelayBetweenRAs (or MIN_DELAY_BETWEEN_RAS)
    timers.


4. TSLLAO in RSs with Optimistic Addresses

    Where an RS is sent from an Optimistic Address, Tentative Source
    Link-Layer Address Options are used in order to allow for
    unicast response from the router without using Neighbour
    Discovery (NS/NA exchange).


5. Hash Ordered FastRA delivery

    When unicast solicited RAs are scheduled, ordering is worked out
    amongst DNA routers to ensure one responds immediately, and other
    routers do not collide with the scheduling


6. Token Bucket Rate Limiting of FastRAs

    Rate limitation of RA delivery is undertaken in order to prevent
    overload of wireless media.  A token bucket is used to allow
    no more than TOKEN_RATE FastRAs to occur per interval, and
    limit the burst size.


7. Where received RAs do not provide explicit Link Identification,
    Complete Prefix Lists (draft-ietf-dna-cpl-00)  are used.

    Regardless of the DNA solution's LinkID choice, it is likely that
    DNA hosts will encounter networks without DNA routers.   Where
    a host is present on a non-DNA network, existing CPL rules should
    be applicable.

----------------


This leaves the role of Link Identification, which may interact
with the above measures, but is still for discussion.

Please provide feedback regarding this list, it would be good to know
what we agreed was needed in a general DNA solution.

Greg



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Date: Fri, 15 Jul 2005 11:58:55 +0530
From: Syam Madanapalli <syam@samsung.com>
Subject: Re: [DNA] Building upon agreement: Which bits of DNA solution do we
 have consensus for?
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Hi Greg,


> 
> Dear WG,
> 
> At the moment, there are two documents aimed at providing input
> to the DNA solutions process:
> 
> draft-pentland-dna-protocol-00.txt
> draft-jinchoi-dna-protocol2-00.txt
> 
> It seems that the primary focus of difference between these
> two proposals is in Link Identification.

The later draft is just focuses on the link identification method
which can be taken into the former document if WG chooses.

> 
> 
> Therefore, I'd like to look into the existing proposals to
> extract what are the agreed components which the WG believes
> are necessary regardless of the solution.
> 
> In this way I hope to build most of the solution, in a way
> which allows a "drop in" of the agreed Link Identification
> solution, when agreement is reached on that issue.
> 
> Does that sound reasonable?

Yes, this looks reasonable.

> 
> Here are a list of steps which I guess may be agreeable for
> the WG as components of the general DNA solution.
> 
> Requirement Levels and message contents are ignored unless explicitly
> stated.
> 
> Please tell me if you agree that this is a reasonable set of
> general components required for DNA, without exploring Link
> Identification.
> 
> Please indicate if there are components which you think are missing
> from the general DNA solution, or items present in the list which
> you don't agree with:
> 
> 
> 1. Link-Layer indications on hosts
> 
>    Use of "Link-Up" indications as in draft-ietf-dna-link-information,
>    in order to start DNA operations

Link Up indication may not be available with all implementations.
A host should also be able to start DNA if it has any other indication.
However I agree that we should use LinkUp when available.

Rest of the list looks goo to me.

-Syam



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Date: Fri, 15 Jul 2005 00:18:46 -0700
From: Michael.G.Williams@nokia.com
Subject: RE: [DNA] Re: [Mipshop]	RE: [Mobopts] Interest in protocols
	forIEEE802.21IS,CS, ES
Sender: owner-dna@ecselists.eng.monash.edu.au
To: eunsoo@research.panasonic.com
Cc: soohong.park@samsung.com, ASINGH1@motorola.com, margaret@thingmagic.com,
        mipshop@ietf.org, kempf@docomolabs-usa.com,
        marco.liebsch@netlab.nec.de, rajeev@iprg.nokia.com,
        dna@eng.monash.edu.au, gabriel_montenegro_2000@yahoo.com,
        Basavaraj.Patil@nokia.com, mobopts@irtf.org
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	forIEEE802.21IS,CS, ES
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Eunsoo,

IEEE 802.21 WG has been considering use cases where a mobile node could
use the MI Information Service via an unsecure port via L2 before IP is
allowed. Now that we have a brand new working document with IEEE line
numbers (available in the July 2005 folder for now on the IEEE 802.21
website), I can refer to it for help in discussion ;^) See 5.4.3, around
line 14. Would this use case be possible via IP? 

Please don't get me wrong, for many reasons, L3 or above are needed to
deliver the services being designed. I was reminded by Stefano that
rapid deployment is possible with an IP approach, another important
reason.

BR,
Michael
-----Original Message-----
From: owner-dna@ecselists.eng.monash.edu.au
[mailto:owner-dna@ecselists.eng.monash.edu.au] On Behalf Of ext Eunsoo
Shim
Sent: Thursday, July 14, 2005 12:15 PM
To: Williams Michael.G (Nokia-ES/MtView)
Cc: soohong.park@samsung.com; ASINGH1@motorola.com;
margaret@thingmagic.com; mipshop@ietf.org; kempf@docomolabs-usa.com;
marco.liebsch@netlab.nec.de; rajeev@iprg.nokia.com;
dna@eng.monash.edu.au; gabriel_montenegro_2000@yahoo.com; Patil
Basavaraj (Nokia-NET/Dallas); mobopts@irtf.org
Subject: Re: [DNA] Re: [Mipshop] RE: [Mobopts] Interest in protocols
forIEEE802.21IS,CS, ES

Hi, Michael,

If there is a IP-based protocol, it will solve the problem at once for
all L2 technologies.
Nowadays, all wireless network technologies are moving forward to IP.
In particular, 802.11 and 802.16 support IP from the beginning.
Furthermore, if you want to allow any location of the information
service entity in the network side, there is no other choice but to take
IP as transport.
If 802.21 WG develops MAC-specific protocols in parallel with an
IP-based protocol, there will be lots duplicate and unnecessary effort.
 From the implementation point of view, a mobile node might have to
contain multiple protocol entities for the same function (eg. IS over
802.11 MAC, IS over 802.16 MAC and IS over IP). 

Why do you want to do that?
Regards,

Eunsoo

Michael.G.Williams@nokia.com wrote:

> 
>Hi Eunsoo,
>
>Despite the opinion that it will be a long and open-ended process to 
>modify IEEE 802 MAC layers to adopt IEEE 802.21, that is the plan 
>(well, not that it will be necessarily long and open ended ;^). Within 
>the IEEE
>802.11 and 802.16 working groups there are already groups assigned to 
>this task.
>
>Even so, there is still the need for the MIH IS (and potentially ES and
>CS)  to be available between entities that cannot communicate directly 
>via MAC services.
>
>Best Regards,
>Michael
>
>-----Original Message-----
>From: owner-dna@ecselists.eng.monash.edu.au
>[mailto:owner-dna@ecselists.eng.monash.edu.au] On Behalf Of ext Eunsoo 
>Shim
>Sent: Thursday, July 14, 2005 11:01 AM
>To: soohong.park@samsung.com
>Cc: Singh Ajoy-ASINGH1; 'margaret@thingmagic.com'; 'mipshop@ietf.org'; 
>'kempf@docomolabs-usa.com'; 'Marco Liebsch'; 'rajeev@iprg.nokia.com'; 
>'dna@eng.monash.edu.au'; 'gabriel_montenegro_2000@yahoo.com'; Patil 
>Basavaraj (Nokia-NET/Dallas); 'mobopts@irtf.org'
>Subject: [DNA] Re: [Mipshop] RE: [Mobopts] Interest in protocols for 
>IEEE802.21IS, CS, ES
>
>Hi, Soohong,
>
>Please let me add a comment in this discussion.
>
>
>  
>
>>CARD is an IETF stuff. 802.21 framework runs under IP layer.
>>
>>    
>>
>This is generally the case. But the requirement of 802.21 IS 
>(Information Service) "to be Media Indepent" makes a different case.
>If the contact point for a mobile talking 802.21 IS is a function 
>separated from (or independent of) any specific L2 entity or L2 
>technology, then it should be IP transport. If L2 protocol entities 
>such as the Access Point talk 802.21 IS, this adds a lot of overhead to

>each
>L2 protocol and its entity such as Access Points, in particular if they

>have to learn about the environment (maybe beyond the scope of its own
>technology?) such as IP layer information.
>
>It would be a long and open-ended process to modify/extend every single
>L2 to adopt 802.21 IS. To be "Media Independent", using IP as transport

>is a logical and quickest way. So I'd say 802.21 framework will be 
>designed in IEEE 802.21 but the protocol for 802.21 IS should come from

>IETF. If a protocol comes from IETF, CARD is the primary candidate 
>because it was designed for the functions IEEE 802.21 IS is meant to
do.
>What do you think?
>
>Regards,
>
>Eunsoo
>
>
>
>  
>




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Date: Thu, 14 Jul 2005 14:12:28 -0700
From: Erik Nordmark <erik.nordmark@sun.com>
Subject: Re: [DNA] Bootstrapping router knowledge for landmark-based DNA
 proposal
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Greg Daley wrote:

> Any response containing a landmark option is the "I saw the landmark" I
> mentioned.

I understood that part.

> It admittedly doesn't buy much for the receiver if it receives the
> landmark option except to say that the DNA advertisor hasn't seen the
> prefix itself.   Some information is conceivably better than none?

Information that the receiver isn't interested in isn't useful.
That's why I asked what you intended the receiver to do with this piece 
of information.

   Erik






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Date: Fri, 15 Jul 2005 02:58:50 -0700
From: Erik Nordmark <erik.nordmark@sun.com>
Subject: Re: [DNA] Flash renumbering and CompleteRA/CPL maintenance
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Greg Daley wrote:
> Hi,
> 
> 
> When discussing changes to the advertised prefix lists with Brett
> we determined that there's insufficient guidance in protocol-00
> regarding the lifetimes of received Prefixes in the DNA Option,
> for nodes arriving after a prefix stops being advertised
> on a link.

Greg,

I guess I don't understand the problem you are trying to solve.

In my view, the only use of the prefixes in the DNAO is for the host to 
be able to answer the landmark question itself, in the case when the 
router couldn't answer it (because the router had to multicast an RA in 
response to multiple RSes for instance).

In that view, the prefixes in the DNAO would never have any effect on 
the Prefix List which the host maintains; the Prefix List would be 
maintained by the host based on the PIOs that the host receives.

> This doesn't help hosts which never saw the PIO in the first place,
> and only has the prefix configured due to DNAO reception.

Why would the host want to configure the prefix based on only seeing it 
in a DNAO? And if it does, how does the host know whether the A, O, or R 
flags should be associated with those prefixes?

If we need to do that, the only sane thing IMHO, would be to extend DNAO 
to contain the lifetimes  and the flags that are carried in the PIO; 
thus this would be the same size as a PIO.


But as I said, I don't see any need for this, because when the host 
sends an RS it will receive a response from every router, thus it will 
quite quickly receive all the PIOs. The Landmark option and DNAO serves 
as a way to ensure that the host can always detect whether or not it has 
moved to a different link based on the first received RA, which is a 
useful optimization compared to CPL.

   Erik



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Date: Fri, 15 Jul 2005 08:32:05 -0700
From: James Kempf <Kempf@docomolabs-usa.com>
Subject: Re: [DNA] Building upon agreement: Which bits of DNA solution do we
 have consensus for?
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> At the moment, there are two documents aimed at providing input
> to the DNA solutions process:
>
> draft-pentland-dna-protocol-00.txt
> draft-jinchoi-dna-protocol2-00.txt
>
> It seems that the primary focus of difference between these
> two proposals is in Link Identification.
>
>
> Therefore, I'd like to look into the existing proposals to
> extract what are the agreed components which the WG believes
> are necessary regardless of the solution.
>
> In this way I hope to build most of the solution, in a way
> which allows a "drop in" of the agreed Link Identification
> solution, when agreement is reached on that issue.
>
> Does that sound reasonable?
>

Sorry, but no. I think we ought to do a concensus call on which of the two
the WG wants and make a decision. There's little point in delaying any
longer.

        jak





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A New Internet-Draft is available from the on-line Internet-Drafts directories.
This draft is a work item of the Detecting Network Attachment Working Group of the IETF.

	Title		: DNA with unmodified routers: Prefix list based approach
	Author(s)	: E. Nordmark, J. Choi
	Filename	: draft-ietf-dna-cpl-01.txt
	Pages		: 32
	Date		: 2005-7-15
	
Upon establishing a new link-layer connection, a host determines
   whether a link change has occurred, that is, whether or not it has
   moved at layer 3 and therefor needs new IP configuration.  This draft
   presents a way to robustly check for link change without assuming any
   changes to the routers.  We choose to uniquely identify each link by
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   a prefix list containing all the valid prefixes on the link, and when
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From: Syam Madanapalli <smadanapalli@gmail.com>
Subject: [DNA] draft-koodli-dna-fmip-00.txt
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Dear DNA WG,

We have published a new draft on FMIPv6 Usage with DNA Protocol.

	Title		: FMIPv6 Usage with DNA Protocol
	Author(s) 	: R. Koodli, S. Madanapalli
	Filename 	: draft-koodli-dna-fmip-00.txt
	Pages		: 7
	Date		: 2005-7-15
	
   In this document, we describe how the Fast Mobile IPv6 Handovers
   (FMIPv6) protocol can work where DNA protocol support is available,
   but the neighborhood information, which is part of the FMIPv6
   operation, is not available.

A URL for this Internet-Draft is:
http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-koodli-dna-fmip-00.txt

Please provide your comments.

Thank you,
Syam



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Date: Sat, 16 Jul 2005 22:40:53 +0900
From: Junghoon Jee <jhjee@etri.re.kr>
Subject: RE: [DNA] draft-koodli-dna-fmip-00.txt
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Hi Syam,
It's an interesting work. 
After reviewing this I-D, I've come up with a following question.

About the role of HI/HACK in this reactive FMIPv6-DNA :
I thought that these messages are required to confirm the MN's prospective NCoA in predictive mode. 
In the FMIPv6-DNA, MN configures the NCoA by optimistic DAD in the reactive mode, 
so why do those messages needed to be transferred and what's their roles ? 
Just to prepare for future optional behavior the same as specified in the draft-ietf-mipshop-fast-mipv6-03 ? 
I guess that my question may also apply to the reactive mode of draft-ietf-mipshop-fast-mipv6-03.

Regards, 
Junghoon

> -----Original Message----- 
> From: owner-dna@ecselists.eng.monash.edu.au 
> [mailto:owner-dna@ecselists.eng.monash.edu.au] On Behalf Of 
> Syam Madanapalli 
> Sent: Saturday, July 16, 2005 8:02 PM 
> To: dna@eng.monash.edu.au 
> Cc: Rajeev Koodli 
> Subject: [DNA] draft-koodli-dna-fmip-00.txt 
> 
> 
> Dear DNA WG, 
> 
> We have published a new draft on FMIPv6 Usage with DNA Protocol. 
> 
>       Title           : FMIPv6 Usage with DNA Protocol 
>       Author(s)       : R. Koodli, S. Madanapalli 
>       Filename        : draft-koodli-dna-fmip-00.txt 
>       Pages           : 7 
>       Date            : 2005-7-15 
>      
>    In this document, we describe how the Fast Mobile IPv6 Handovers 
>    (FMIPv6) protocol can work where DNA protocol support is available, 
>    but the neighborhood information, which is part of the FMIPv6 
>    operation, is not available. 
> 
> A URL for this Internet-Draft is: 
> http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-koodli-dna-fmip-00.txt 
> 
> Please provide your comments. 
> 
> Thank you, 
> Syam 



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Date: Sun, 17 Jul 2005 11:10:40 +0200
From: Christian Vogt <chvogt@tm.uka.de>
Subject: [DNA] Presentation Slot Request for DNA in Paris
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To: Gregory Daley <greg.daley@eng.monash.edu.au>
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Hi Greg,

I'd like to present draft-vogt-dna-relocation-00.txt in the DNA session
in Paris.  The draft talks about MLD-related attachment delays of up to
1 second.  Those are part of the IPv6 auto-configuration procedure, but
somewhat hidden in the specifications.

I intend to present a problem statement (describing the different
problematic situations mentioned in the draft) and conclude with two
solution proposals.

10 minutes will be sufficient to also provide room for a discussion.

Regards,
- Christian

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Christian Vogt, Institute of Telematics, University of Karlsruhe
www.tm.uka.de/~chvogt/pubkey/


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From dna-owner@webcamserver.eng.monash.edu.au Sun Jul 17 21:43:31 2005
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Date: Mon, 18 Jul 2005 11:41:42 +1000
From: Greg Daley <greg.daley@eng.monash.edu.au>
Subject: Re: [DNA] Flash renumbering and CompleteRA/CPL maintenance
In-reply-to: <42D788DA.90701@sun.com>
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Hi Erik,

Erik Nordmark wrote:
> Greg Daley wrote:
> 
>> Hi,
>>
>>
>> When discussing changes to the advertised prefix lists with Brett
>> we determined that there's insufficient guidance in protocol-00
>> regarding the lifetimes of received Prefixes in the DNA Option,
>> for nodes arriving after a prefix stops being advertised
>> on a link.
> 
> 
> Greg,
> 
> I guess I don't understand the problem you are trying to solve.
> 
> In my view, the only use of the prefixes in the DNAO is for the host to 
> be able to answer the landmark question itself, in the case when the 
> router couldn't answer it (because the router had to multicast an RA in 
> response to multiple RSes for instance).
> 
> In that view, the prefixes in the DNAO would never have any effect on 
> the Prefix List which the host maintains; the Prefix List would be 
> maintained by the host based on the PIOs that the host receives.

Actually, the benefits of the DNAO (in fact the CompleteRA generally),
seem to me to be most useful when they are able to be used to
construct the CPL immediately (for example on an unsolicited RA, or
on a Landmark "No" answer).

This means that even rapid subsequent transition to a non-DNA
network (or DNA network) can be identified as link-change, so long
as the existing reception of RA information can be identified as
complete.

While in general, it's possible to construct the Prefix List just
from PIOs (and they contain more information about timers), any single
received CompleteRA (even containing the DNAO) is sufficient to
identify the prefixes on the link for CPL generation, at the time of
the advertisement.    PIOs can be used to update this information,
as they are received.   They won't always be received before the
information is needed though.


>> This doesn't help hosts which never saw the PIO in the first place,
>> and only has the prefix configured due to DNAO reception.
> 
> 
> Why would the host want to configure the prefix based on only seeing it 
> in a DNAO? And if it does, how does the host know whether the A, O, or R 
> flags should be associated with those prefixes?

Hang on a minute,  I'm not saying that the addresses are to be used for
autoconf.  I'm saying that the prefixes should be able to be used for
Prefix List management (just as CPL uses them).

> If we need to do that, the only sane thing IMHO, would be to extend DNAO 
> to contain the lifetimes  and the flags that are carried in the PIO; 
> thus this would be the same size as a PIO.

That's an option, but as you see, it's certainly not my aim to use
prefixes which haven't been received in PIOs for autoconf.
If the prefixes are only used to identify the link (which I guessed
was the purpose of CompleteRA anyway), it makes sense for them to be
stored as part of the PL.

As an aside (but not to get sidetracked), even if it was necessary to
have lifetime information in the DNAO, a single 16-bit field would
be sufficient to identify the shortest lifetime (less than 1800
seconds) of any of the learned prefixes.   It's clearly not necessary to
bloat the entire DNAO to 16(prefix)+1(plen)+4(lifetime) octets/prefix.

> But as I said, I don't see any need for this, because when the host 
> sends an RS it will receive a response from every router, thus it will 
> quite quickly receive all the PIOs. The Landmark option and DNAO serves 
> as a way to ensure that the host can always detect whether or not it has 
> moved to a different link based on the first received RA, which is a 
> useful optimization compared to CPL.

Timing is quite important here.  The duration required to receive all of
the prefixes on a link using CPL is RS_TRANSMISSIONS * 4 seconds (where
RS_TRANSMISSIONS >= 1).  If there's a transition off-link within that
period, then the host's notion of the Prefix List is that it is
incomplete.

Using indications of completeness in the received RAs is valuable, since
it doesn't require drawn out delays before allowing transition outside a
link to be known deterministic.

The question is:

Do hosts keep information learned from DNAO?  If they do, how long do
they keep it for?

The measures proposed are aimed at either:

* limiting the effect of changes to this list of prefixes (based on
   better knowledge from routers)

* Allowing PIOs to supercede this information with more accurate timing.

If the answer to the question is actually different (in that hosts
shouldn't keep the DNAO contents), we really have to re-evaluate what
the CompleteRA is for.

Greg



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Date: Mon, 18 Jul 2005 12:42:20 +1000
From: Greg Daley <greg.daley@eng.monash.edu.au>
Subject: Re: [DNA] Bootstrapping router knowledge for landmark-based DNA
 proposal
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        James Kempf <Kempf@docomolabs-usa.com>, Dna <dna@eng.monash.edu.au>
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Hi Erik,

Erik Nordmark wrote:
> Greg Daley wrote:
> 
>> Any response containing a landmark option is the "I saw the landmark" I
>> mentioned.
> 
> 
> I understood that part.
> 
>> It admittedly doesn't buy much for the receiver if it receives the
>> landmark option except to say that the DNA advertisor hasn't seen the
>> prefix itself.   Some information is conceivably better than none?
> 
> 
> Information that the receiver isn't interested in isn't useful.
> That's why I asked what you intended the receiver to do with this piece 
> of information.

OK.  I find myself compelled to agree with you (even) by my own logic.

So if we recommend that the router incapable of answering either Yes
or No doesn't send a Landmark, do we need to specify that hosts
discard landmark options with neither Yes or No received in an RA?

Greg



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Date: Mon, 18 Jul 2005 13:05:51 +1000
From: Greg Daley <greg.daley@eng.monash.edu.au>
Subject: Re: [DNA] Building upon agreement: Which bits of DNA solution do we
 have consensus for?
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Hi James,

James Kempf wrote:
>>At the moment, there are two documents aimed at providing input
>>to the DNA solutions process:
>>
>>draft-pentland-dna-protocol-00.txt
>>draft-jinchoi-dna-protocol2-00.txt
>>
>>It seems that the primary focus of difference between these
>>two proposals is in Link Identification.
>>
>>
>>Therefore, I'd like to look into the existing proposals to
>>extract what are the agreed components which the WG believes
>>are necessary regardless of the solution.
>>
>>In this way I hope to build most of the solution, in a way
>>which allows a "drop in" of the agreed Link Identification
>>solution, when agreement is reached on that issue.
>>
>>Does that sound reasonable?
>>
> 
> 
> Sorry, but no. I think we ought to do a concensus call on which of the two
> the WG wants and make a decision. There's little point in delaying any
> longer.

I guess you think that the other parts don't require discussion
(as they are agreeable...???)

I'm not really interested in delaying determination of the solution
either, and want to see if there's consensus before the meeting.

That means that we need to see what people understand about the solution
(even outside those who have been so active in the design area).

If you'd like to start an on-list discussion about the Link
Identification, it would be possible to start a consensus call.
We'd need two weeks to conduct the consensus call (as per RFC2418
section 3.3).

Given the time left until the IETF meeting (and our projected Thursday
session) it would be possible to either run the consensus call to end
before the session, or after it:

July/August:
S  M  T  W  T  F  S
17 18 19 20 21 22 23
24 25 26 27 28 29 30
31  1  2  3  4  5  6

I'd prefer that a consensus call allows presentation of ideas in the
session, if there's not a strong consensus position apparent beforehand.
At the session, we could redirect people to the ML in order to
participate in the call to ensure that their input isn't lost.

I'll take input on this today and tomorrow, in order to allow some
flexibility in the choice of solution (to discuss whether people think
the consensus call should end before or after the session).

WG: Please start discussion of Link Identification solutions ASAP, so as
to assist building consensus.

Greg



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From: Brett Pentland <brett.pentland@eng.monash.edu.au>
Subject: Re: [DNA] Bootstrapping router knowledge for landmark-based DNA
 proposal
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So attempting to summarise, during bootstrap a router needs to:

- Solicit for RAs to fill its DNAPrefixList and DNARouterList
     (It can't rely on unsolicited RAs since it might be the
      only one bootstrapping at that instant and doesn't know
      how frequent other routers are advertising, if at all)

- Respond to solicitations (otherwise the bootstrapping won't
      achieve anything if all routers are bootstrapping at the
      same time)

- Not include a Landmark Option in responses if the answer is
      NO (though there does seem to be support for allowing
      responses if the answer is YES - probably as a MAY)

- Include the DNA flag in any RAs so that other routers can
      learn that they need to include this router in calculations
      relating to Fast RA transmission.

- Though I don't think it has come up in the discussion to date,
      I think that a bootstrapping router should probably
      multicast a few unsolicited RAs to announce its presence
      on the link to any already-bootstrapped routers.

In general, RAs won't have any DNA-specific parts except for the
DNA flag.  Timings would be as specified in RFC2461.  The other
exception to this would be if an RS with a Landmark Option is
received and the answer to the question posed in it would be a
yes, in which case a DNA-style Landmark Option reply MAY be used
instead.

Does that sound about right?
Brett.




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From: Greg Daley <greg.daley@eng.monash.edu.au>
Subject: Re: [DNA] Bootstrapping router knowledge for landmark-based DNA
 proposal
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Hi Brett,

Fine with me (opinions may change with further conversation).

Greg

Brett Pentland wrote:
> So attempting to summarise, during bootstrap a router needs to:
> 
> - Solicit for RAs to fill its DNAPrefixList and DNARouterList
>     (It can't rely on unsolicited RAs since it might be the
>      only one bootstrapping at that instant and doesn't know
>      how frequent other routers are advertising, if at all)
> 
> - Respond to solicitations (otherwise the bootstrapping won't
>      achieve anything if all routers are bootstrapping at the
>      same time)
> 
> - Not include a Landmark Option in responses if the answer is
>      NO (though there does seem to be support for allowing
>      responses if the answer is YES - probably as a MAY)
> 
> - Include the DNA flag in any RAs so that other routers can
>      learn that they need to include this router in calculations
>      relating to Fast RA transmission.
> 
> - Though I don't think it has come up in the discussion to date,
>      I think that a bootstrapping router should probably
>      multicast a few unsolicited RAs to announce its presence
>      on the link to any already-bootstrapped routers.
> 
> In general, RAs won't have any DNA-specific parts except for the
> DNA flag.  Timings would be as specified in RFC2461.  The other
> exception to this would be if an RS with a Landmark Option is
> received and the answer to the question posed in it would be a
> yes, in which case a DNA-style Landmark Option reply MAY be used
> instead.
> 
> Does that sound about right?
> Brett.
> 



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From: Brett Pentland <brett.pentland@eng.monash.edu.au>
Subject: Re: [DNA] Bootstrapping router knowledge for landmark-based DNA
 proposal
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>> - Not include a Landmark Option in responses if the answer is
>>      NO (though there does seem to be support for allowing
>>      responses if the answer is YES - probably as a MAY)

I was putting this bootstrapping stuff into draft -01 and have
just submitted it, but I've had to leave out the optional YES
response for now because I came across an issue with it.

How would the timing go for one of these yes responses during
bootstrap?  I think it's probably not a great idea to give a
fast response yet because during bootstrap we can't be sure
that we know all of the other routers on the link. It may be
possible to go fast as the consequence of choosing the same
time slot as another router is just a higher probability of a
collision, not a guarantee of it.

If we choose not to allow the fast response, then is it worth
having the yes answer at all rather than just doing the RFC 2461
style response and letting the host fall back on CPL?

Anyone have any thoughts on this?
Brett.



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Date: Mon, 18 Jul 2005 14:03:32 +0530
From: Syam Madanapalli <syam@samsung.com>
Subject: Re: [DNA] draft-koodli-dna-fmip-00.txt
Sender: owner-dna@ecselists.eng.monash.edu.au
To: Junghoon Jee <jhjee@etri.re.kr>, dna@eng.monash.edu.au
Cc: rajeev@iprg.nokia.com, smadanapalli@gmail.com
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Hello Junghoon,

Thanks for reviewing the draft.

>
> Hi Syam,
> It's an interesting work.
> After reviewing this I-D, I've come up with a following question.
>
> About the role of HI/HACK in this reactive FMIPv6-DNA :
> I thought that these messages are required to confirm the MN's prospective 
> NCoA in predictive mode.
> In the FMIPv6-DNA, MN configures the NCoA by optimistic DAD in the 
> reactive mode,
> so why do those messages needed to be transferred and what's their roles ?
> Just to prepare for future optional behavior the same as specified in the 
> draft-ietf-mipshop-fast-mipv6-03 ?
> I guess that my question may also apply to the reactive mode of 
> draft-ietf-mipshop-fast-mipv6-03.

As you mentioned, currently there is no new use of HI/HACK other than
what is mentioned in FMIPv6 RFC.  That is, NAR can make use of the
knowledge that its trusted peer (i.e., PAR) has a trust relationship with 
the
MN.


>
> Regards,
> Junghoon
>




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Date: Mon, 18 Jul 2005 21:39:13 +1000
From: Greg Daley <Greg.Daley@eng.monash.edu.au>
Subject: Re: [DNA] Bootstrapping router knowledge for landmark-based DNA
 proposal
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To: Brett Pentland <brett.pentland@eng.monash.edu.au>
Cc: greg.daley@eng.monash.edu.au, Erik Nordmark <erik.nordmark@sun.com>,
        James Kempf <Kempf@docomolabs-usa.com>, Dna <dna@eng.monash.edu.au>
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Hi Brett, 

----- Original Message -----
From: Brett Pentland <brett.pentland@eng.monash.edu.au>
Date: Monday, July 18, 2005 6:26 pm
Subject: Re: [DNA] Bootstrapping router knowledge for landmark-based 
DNA proposal
> 
> >> - Not include a Landmark Option in responses if the answer is
> >>      NO (though there does seem to be support for allowing
> >>      responses if the answer is YES - probably as a MAY)
> 
> I was putting this bootstrapping stuff into draft -01 and have
> just submitted it, but I've had to leave out the optional YES
> response for now because I came across an issue with it.
> 
> How would the timing go for one of these yes responses during
> bootstrap?  I think it's probably not a great idea to give a
> fast response yet because during bootstrap we can't be sure
> that we know all of the other routers on the link. It may be
> possible to go fast as the consequence of choosing the same
> time slot as another router is just a higher probability of a
> collision, not a guarantee of it.
> 
> If we choose not to allow the fast response, then is it worth
> having the yes answer at all rather than just doing the RFC 2461
> style response and letting the host fall back on CPL?
> 
> Anyone have any thoughts on this?
> Brett.


I'll have to admit that I don't think in my RADVD hack, my checking
of the DNA Fast Routers list is as strong as the timers for 
link identification (so I'm not sure I've seen the issue).

Given that the host is actually asking about a known landmark though,
and the router is capable of correctly answering it, answering "Yes"
is a legitimate thing to do, regardless of the time required to do so.

In this case, it may not be something that you encourage, 
but saying something against it is just going to take text
(unless there's a blanket "behave like 2461" statement).

Greg



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Date: Mon, 18 Jul 2005 01:31:11 -0700
From: Erik Nordmark <erik.nordmark@sun.com>
Subject: [DNA] Re: About draft-ietf-dna-cpl-00.txt
In-reply-to: <a70ce67a.e67aa70c@monash.edu.au>
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Greg Daley wrote:
> Dear Erik and JinHyeock, 
> 
> I've recently read through CPL, and am pleased with how it is
> shaping up. 
> 
> While reading through, I noticed some minor issues which 
> may need to be considered:

Thanks for your careful read - We've tried to fold in improvements on 
all of these points in the new version of the draft.


> Second Last paragraph on Page 6 (Section 2.3):
> 
> "...
>    Otherwise, to make matters certain, the host may need at least to
>    wait for more than the first RAs, or additionally, perform multiple
>    RS/ RA exchanges after the hint.  The first level of trying harder is
>    to, after the RS transmission,  wait for all RAs that would have been
>    triggered by the RS.  The second level of trying harder is to send
>    multiple RSs (and waiting for the resulting RAs).
> ..."
> 
> I think that this paragraph needs to be more direct:
> 
> Suggest:
> 
> "...
>    Otherwise, to make matters certain, the host may need to attempt 
> further
>    procedures.  A first step to clarify link identity is to wait for 
> all RAs
>    which would have been sent in response to the RS.   A further step 
> is to send
>    multiple RSs (and wait for the resulting RAs).
> ..."

I think your suggested text makes things more clear.



> Section 4.4:
> 
> After the last paragraph, it is not clear if the link-layer
> indications reset the number of router solicitations for
> MAX_RTR_SOLICITATIONS comparison.
> 
> I'd consider adding the following paragraph.
> 
> "...
>  
>    Note that if link-layer indications are reliable, a host can
>    reset the number of sent Router Solicitations to 0, while still
>    maintaining RTR_SOLICITATION_INTERVAL between RSs.
> 

Makes sense.


> Page 15 Paragraph 2, Section 4.5:
> 
> "...
>    It is possible that the above comparison will result in matching
>    multiple Candidate Link objects.  For example, if the RA contains the
>    prefixes P1 and P2, and there is one Candidate Link object with P1
>    and P3 and other Candidate Link object with P2 and P4.  This should
>    not happen during normal operation, but if links have been renumbered
>    or physically separate links have been made into one link (before the
>    lifetimes in the Candidate Link objects expired), then the host could
>    observe this.  The most sensible action would be for the host to
>    merge all such matching Candidate Link objects together with the
>    information in the receive RA and make this the new CCL.  Doing this
>    merging correctly probably requires that each Candidate Link object
>    contains the time it was last updated by a RA, so that more recent
>    information can override older information.  Note that this case is
>    one reason one needs to be concerned about security issues when
>    Candidate Link objects are shared across multiple interfaces
> ..."
> 
> * "The most sensible action would be for " is actually debatable, since
>   this may lead to false detection in the case that existing CCLs hold
>   out-of-date information (if a no-longer present prefix is retained).
 >
> s/The most sensible action would be for/One possible action would be 
> for/

I don't mind using your suggested change (and 01 already does) but I'd 
like to understand more about the case where this would cause a problem.
The draft recommends that a Candidate Link object not be retained for 
more than 90 minutes, thus as long as a prefix isn't removed from one 
link and added/assigned to another link in less than 90 minutes then 
this shouldn't be a problem, right? (That's what we call the flash 
renumbering and reassignment case.) If the prefix is allowed to expire 
(lifetimes dropping to zero) before it is removed and reassigned to 
another link, there should never be any confusion.

> * There's a sentence at the bottom of the paragraph:
>   "Note that this case is one reason ...multiple interfaces"
> 
> This is inappropriate given the location, and the fact that sharing
> between interfaces has already been prohibited due to security
> reasons (which override the later consideration).  The sentence
> should be deleted to ensure that people don't get distracted
> from the main content.

Good catch. The document had become internally inconsistent on this point.

> Page 15 Paragraph 4+5, Section 4.5:
> 
 > [...]
> 
>   The first paragraph is incorrect since it forgets (or misstates) when 
> the
>   CCL is complete that any received RA should be treated as from a
>   separate link if there are no prefixes in common with the CCL.
> 
>   Suggested Text (including paragraph boundary movement):
> 
> "...
>    When the first RA afte a link UP notification contains prefixes 
> which 
>    are disjoint from those in the CCL, it may not be immediately obvious
>    whether the host has moved or not.   Where the CCL is believed to be
>    complete, though, any advertisement which arrives that does not 
> contain
>    common prefixes with the CCL can be assumed to be a link change in 
>    accordance with section 4.6.  Otherwise, the host needs to create a
>    new CCL with the new router's advertisement.  This CCL should not
>    yet be treated  as if it belongs to a new link though, and the
>    operations defined in 4.6 should not yet occur.  Instead, the host
>    waits a minimum it waits for 4 seconds, and RAs that are received 
> during
>    that time interval are processed as specified above.
> 
>    This processing might result in finding a prefix in common between a
>    Candidate Link object and the CCL, in which case the host knows
>    whether and to which link it has moved.  But should the 4 seconds
>    expire without any common prefix, then it will conclude that it has
>    moved to a new link and inform the rest of the host of the movement
>    (Section 4.6.)  Note that the arrival of a new link UP notification
>    during the 4 second timer must prevent the timer from firing.  In
>    this case the host might yet again have moved so it is necessary to
>    restart the process of inspecting the RAs.
> ..."

I edited your suggested text and created a hybrid of it and the old 
text, so that we capture the case when the host views its prefix list as 
complete.
[The 01 draft also has a RS_RA_count conceptual variable which is used 
to determine when the prefix list is viewed as complete.]


> Page 16 Last paragrpah of section 4.5:
> 
> 
> "...
>    Subject to local policy, and perhaps also the host's knowledge of the
>    packet loss characteristics of the interface or type of L2
>    technology, the host can try harder than just waiting for 4 seconds.
>    It is allowed to multicast up to MAX_RTR_SOLICITATIONS [1] RS
>    messages spaced RTR_SOLICITATION_INTERVAL apart.  In the most
>    conservative approach this means a 12 second delay until the host
>    will declare that is has moved to a new link.  Just as above, this
>    process should be terminated should a new link UP notification arrive
>    during the 12 seconds.
> ..."
> 
>    This text needs to be made more direct:
> 
> s/can try harder than just waiting for 4 seconds./can send Router 
> Solicitations in
> order to gather information./

ok

    Erik






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> I guess you think that the other parts don't require discussion
> (as they are agreeable...???)
>

I'm in favor of discussion of issues. DNA has an issue list, I think an
email on each individual issue should be sent out, a time limit sent for
discussion, and, at the close of discussion, consensus should be called on
the issue. In other WGs, the draft editor or a WG chair manages issue
resolution.

> I'm not really interested in delaying determination of the solution
> either, and want to see if there's consensus before the meeting.
>
> That means that we need to see what people understand about the solution
> (even outside those who have been so active in the design area).
>
> If you'd like to start an on-list discussion about the Link
> Identification, it would be possible to start a consensus call.
> We'd need two weeks to conduct the consensus call (as per RFC2418
> section 3.3).
>

I'll be offline until the meeting starting on Sat.

BTW, I think the consensus call in RFC 2418 means for the entire draft, not
individual issues. WG chairs and editors are free to set their own time
limit there,

> Given the time left until the IETF meeting (and our projected Thursday
> session) it would be possible to either run the consensus call to end
> before the session, or after it:
>
> July/August:
> S  M  T  W  T  F  S
> 17 18 19 20 21 22 23
> 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
> 31  1  2  3  4  5  6
>
> I'd prefer that a consensus call allows presentation of ideas in the
> session, if there's not a strong consensus position apparent beforehand.
> At the session, we could redirect people to the ML in order to
> participate in the call to ensure that their input isn't lost.
>
> I'll take input on this today and tomorrow, in order to allow some
> flexibility in the choice of solution (to discuss whether people think
> the consensus call should end before or after the session).
>
> WG: Please start discussion of Link Identification solutions ASAP, so as
> to assist building consensus.
>

OK. I think it would help to have this as an issue in the issues list, and
on the issues Web page.

            jak





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Subject: Re: [DNA] Bootstrapping router knowledge for landmark-based DNA
 proposal
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Brett,

As I believe I mentioned in an email on Fri., the alternative to the RS
technique described below is the following.

When an interface comes up, a router:

- Multicasts RAs on the interface for a period of DNAInterfaceBootstrapTime
seconds (15 default), with exponentially increasing times between multicast.
The RAs are simple RAs with complete prefix and other information on the
router, including setting the DNA flag so that other routers can learn that
they need to include this router in calculations relating to Fast RA
transmission.

- Listen on the interface for RAs from other routers and record prefix
information and DNA status of discovered routers (a router must do this all
the time, actually, in case a router comes up while the link is operating).

- Drop any RSs received during DNAInterfaceBootstrapTime.

Comparisons are:

1) RA technique has somewhat less traffic. Both techniques require repeated
multicasts (the RS technique to compensate for possible losses, the RA
technique to advertise), the RA technique has somewhat less traffic because
it does not require the unicast return RA and the RS technique requires
additional RA beacons, which the RA technique doesn't (beacons are built
in).

2) The RS technique is subject to interference from hosts that solicit
during this time period. The interference might be unintential or
intentional (i.e. a DoS attack). It is possible if the traffic volume of RSs
is heavy enough, that the router's token bucket algorithm would roll over to
multicast anyway, so using the RA multicast technique is a way to ensure
that all routers get a response (the token bucket roll over algorithm has no
provision for repeated multicast).

How about we generate an Issue in the issues list and put this out for
discussion?

            jak

----- Original Message -----
From: "Brett Pentland" <brett.pentland@eng.monash.edu.au>
To: <greg.daley@eng.monash.edu.au>
Cc: "Erik Nordmark" <erik.nordmark@sun.com>; "James Kempf"
<Kempf@docomolabs-usa.com>; "Dna" <dna@eng.monash.edu.au>
Sent: Sunday, July 17, 2005 10:54 PM
Subject: Re: [DNA] Bootstrapping router knowledge for landmark-based DNA
proposal


> So attempting to summarise, during bootstrap a router needs to:
>
> - Solicit for RAs to fill its DNAPrefixList and DNARouterList
>      (It can't rely on unsolicited RAs since it might be the
>       only one bootstrapping at that instant and doesn't know
>       how frequent other routers are advertising, if at all)
>
> - Respond to solicitations (otherwise the bootstrapping won't
>       achieve anything if all routers are bootstrapping at the
>       same time)
>
> - Not include a Landmark Option in responses if the answer is
>       NO (though there does seem to be support for allowing
>       responses if the answer is YES - probably as a MAY)
>
> - Include the DNA flag in any RAs so that other routers can
>       learn that they need to include this router in calculations
>       relating to Fast RA transmission.
>
> - Though I don't think it has come up in the discussion to date,
>       I think that a bootstrapping router should probably
>       multicast a few unsolicited RAs to announce its presence
>       on the link to any already-bootstrapped routers.
>
> In general, RAs won't have any DNA-specific parts except for the
> DNA flag.  Timings would be as specified in RFC2461.  The other
> exception to this would be if an RS with a Landmark Option is
> received and the answer to the question posed in it would be a
> yes, in which case a DNA-style Landmark Option reply MAY be used
> instead.
>
> Does that sound about right?
> Brett.
>
>





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From: Erik Nordmark <erik.nordmark@sun.com>
Subject: Re: [DNA] Bootstrapping router knowledge for landmark-based DNA
 proposal
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Brett Pentland wrote:

> - Though I don't think it has come up in the discussion to date,
>      I think that a bootstrapping router should probably
>      multicast a few unsolicited RAs to announce its presence
>      on the link to any already-bootstrapped routers.

That's already covered in RFC 2461, but it doesn't hurt to spell it out 
explicitly in the DNA specification.

   Erik



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Date: Mon, 18 Jul 2005 12:03:17 -0700
From: Alper Yegin <alper.yegin@samsung.com>
Subject: [DNA] Revised dna-link-info I-D
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Folks,

I've had submitted the revised version of the dna-link-info I-D 10 days
ago, but it hasn't showed up on the IETF repository yet. For that,
please see a copy of the I-D at the following location:

http://yegin.org/IETF/draft-ietf-dna-link-information-02.txt

The major changes in this revision include:

- New text for IEEE 802.3.
- Handling multiple 3GPP PDP Contexts.

I'd like to take your attention to the changes we needed to make in
order to accommodate nondeterministic L2 events on Ethernet (e.g., link
is up but the host the network may block data transmission). Please read
Section 2 and the entire 2.4 to see the details.

Please review and comment before the Paris meeting.

Alper





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Date: Mon, 18 Jul 2005 14:33:53 -0700
From: James Kempf <Kempf@docomolabs-usa.com>
Subject: [DNA] [Issue X] LinkID v.s. Landmark Prefix
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I am in favor of Landmark Prefix and not LinkID. I could go through a list
of problems I have with draft-jinchoi but I'm sure JinHyeock could up with
reasonable responses, and I'm not interested in getting into a long email
conversation about specific details of LinkID, because it would only result
in more text getting added to the draft to handle problems and special cases
with the protocol.

My basic objection is that LinkID is considerably more more complex than
Landmark Prefix. draft-jinchoi requires 22 pages just to describe the link
identification protocol, whereas the latest draft of draft-pentland covers
link identification, fast RA delivery, link configuration, address state
machine management, and more in 25 pages. Essentially, the draft to describe
the entire DNA protocol using Landmark Prefix is only 3 pages more than the
draft to describe just the link identification part using LinkID. Page count
is a kind of crude measure of complexity, but I think this analysis would
hold up if one went through in more detail. There's a lot of special case
language, extra timers, and extra data structures in LinkID that aren't
needed for Landmark Prefix.

I support selecting Landmark Prefix for the WG draft for DNA.

            jak






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Date: Mon, 18 Jul 2005 16:16:03 -0700
From: Junghoon Jee <jhjee@etri.re.kr>
Subject: RE: [DNA] draft-koodli-dna-fmip-00.txt
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Rajeev,
 
> For both predictive and reactive modes, HI/HAck can be useful 
> for access control. NAR can forward packets for the MN 
> without forcing access control, through HI/HAck.

Are you saying about context transfer by HI/HAck ?

Regards,
Junghoon

> (If it is not clear, FMIP-DNA is applicable when DNA+oDAD is 
> available,
>   and no neighborhood information is available for FMIP)
> 
> -Rajeev
> 
> 
> 
> Syam Madanapalli wrote:
> 
> > Hello Junghoon,
> > 
> > Thanks for reviewing the draft.
> > 
> >>
> >> Hi Syam,
> >> It's an interesting work.
> >> After reviewing this I-D, I've come up with a following question.
> >>
> >> About the role of HI/HACK in this reactive FMIPv6-DNA :
> >> I thought that these messages are required to confirm the MN's 
> >> prospective NCoA in predictive mode.
> >> In the FMIPv6-DNA, MN configures the NCoA by optimistic DAD in the 
> >> reactive mode, so why do those messages needed to be 
> transferred and 
> >> what's their roles ?
> >> Just to prepare for future optional behavior the same as 
> specified in 
> >> the draft-ietf-mipshop-fast-mipv6-03 ?
> >> I guess that my question may also apply to the reactive mode of 
> >> draft-ietf-mipshop-fast-mipv6-03.
> > 
> > 
> > As you mentioned, currently there is no new use of HI/HACK 
> other than
> > what is mentioned in FMIPv6 RFC.  That is, NAR can make use of the
> > knowledge that its trusted peer (i.e., PAR) has a trust 
> relationship 
> > with the
> > MN.
> > 
> > 
> >>
> >> Regards,
> >> Junghoon
> >>
> > 
> 




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Date: Tue, 19 Jul 2005 09:50:55 +1000
From: Brett Pentland <brett.pentland@eng.monash.edu.au>
Subject: Re: [DNA] Bootstrapping router knowledge for landmark-based DNA
 proposal
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Hi Jim,

> When an interface comes up, a router:
> 
> - Multicasts RAs on the interface for a period of DNAInterfaceBootstrapTime
> seconds (15 default), with exponentially increasing times between multicast.
> The RAs are simple RAs with complete prefix and other information on the
> router, including setting the DNA flag so that other routers can learn that
> they need to include this router in calculations relating to Fast RA
> transmission.
> 
> - Listen on the interface for RAs from other routers and record prefix
> information and DNA status of discovered routers (a router must do this all
> the time, actually, in case a router comes up while the link is operating).
> 
> - Drop any RSs received during DNAInterfaceBootstrapTime.

Yes, if that covered all cases it would be simpler not to need RSs, but
there is no guarantee that there will be any unsolicited RAs from the
other routers on the link before the 15 sec expiry.  If that doesn't
happen, then the router will start behaving as a full DNA router before
it has complete information and may thus answser requests incorrectly.

I can't see how we can avoid RSs if we want to be confident of complete
information before we start behaving as a DNA router.

Brett.



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From: Brett Pentland <brett.pentland@eng.monash.edu.au>
Subject: Re: [DNA] Bootstrapping router knowledge for landmark-based DNA
 proposal
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Erik Nordmark wrote:
> Brett Pentland wrote:
> 
>> - Though I don't think it has come up in the discussion to date,
>>      I think that a bootstrapping router should probably
>>      multicast a few unsolicited RAs to announce its presence
>>      on the link to any already-bootstrapped routers.
> 
> 
> That's already covered in RFC 2461, but it doesn't hurt to spell it out 
> explicitly in the DNA specification.

Yes I noted in the text for -01, that a few RAs should be sent and
why, and pointed at section 6.2.4 of RFC 2461.

Brett.

Note that I have posted draft -01 but it hasn't shown up in the
repository yet.  For a preview see:

http://www.ctie.monash.edu.au/dna/draft-pentland-dna-protocol-01.txt

Changes from -00 can be viewed at:

http://www.ctie.monash.edu.au/dna/draft-pentland-dna-protocol-01-from-00.diff.html



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Hi Erik,

Thanks for your work in getting -01 out. It looks good.

Below I've gone into further detail about my confusion about
flash renumbering and the 90 minute window.

Erik Nordmark wrote:
[cut]
>> Page 15 Paragraph 2, Section 4.5:
>>
>> "...
>>    It is possible that the above comparison will result in matching
>>    multiple Candidate Link objects.  For example, if the RA contains the
>>    prefixes P1 and P2, and there is one Candidate Link object with P1
>>    and P3 and other Candidate Link object with P2 and P4.  This should
>>    not happen during normal operation, but if links have been renumbered
>>    or physically separate links have been made into one link (before the
>>    lifetimes in the Candidate Link objects expired), then the host could
>>    observe this.  The most sensible action would be for the host to
>>    merge all such matching Candidate Link objects together with the
>>    information in the receive RA and make this the new CCL.  Doing this
>>    merging correctly probably requires that each Candidate Link object
>>    contains the time it was last updated by a RA, so that more recent
>>    information can override older information.  Note that this case is
>>    one reason one needs to be concerned about security issues when
>>    Candidate Link objects are shared across multiple interfaces
>> ..."
>>
>> * "The most sensible action would be for " is actually debatable, since
>>   this may lead to false detection in the case that existing CCLs hold
>>   out-of-date information (if a no-longer present prefix is retained).
> 
>  >
> 
>> s/The most sensible action would be for/One possible action would be for/
> 
> 
> I don't mind using your suggested change (and 01 already does) but I'd 
> like to understand more about the case where this would cause a problem.
> The draft recommends that a Candidate Link object not be retained for 
> more than 90 minutes, thus as long as a prefix isn't removed from one 
> link and added/assigned to another link in less than 90 minutes then 
> this shouldn't be a problem, right? (That's what we call the flash 
> renumbering and reassignment case.) If the prefix is allowed to expire 
> (lifetimes dropping to zero) before it is removed and reassigned to 
> another link, there should never be any confusion.

I've been thinking about this more recently since looking
at the implementation of cpl-00 (I've not got the 90 minutes
timers though).

I think you're right about the lifetimes counting down to zero (based
on the real time counters from Section 4.1).  These should supercede
the 90 minute cache time, where a prefix is withdrawn from a link.

For example with DHCPv6 PD, the advertised lifetimes of prefixes in
RAs decrement as the DHCP lease time reduces, so that the prefix
can't be configured beyond it lifetime.   As soon as the prefix
is not valid any longer on a link, it can be immediately allocated
to another link (with no overlap time, since the prefixes are expired
on the old link).  I guess this could become a fairly common case.

If you're only using PIOs for prefix lifetimes, then the lifetimes
should count down to zero at approximately the same time, without
any problems.

Only if a prefix is assigned to a new link before the expiry of the
prefix on the old link, would the 90 minute timer come into use.

So is flash renumbering really about allocating a prefix to another
link before expiring the lifetime on the existing link's routers?

In that case, the 90 minutes are sufficient only if deployers
can be made to comply with that period of non use (or non redeployment)
for the prefix.

I think the flash renumbering concept needs to be well defined
(possibly separately), and discussed in order to gain a wider
consensus that it's a problem we need to solve, and if the
90 minute hold-down before reallocation is the right way to solve it.

At this stage, I've only seen flash renumbering described in a
DNA context, so it would be good to figure out if any other WGs
are likely to have the same interest or problems.

Your references would be helpful here.

[cut]
>> Page 15 Paragraph 4+5, Section 4.5:
>>
>  > [...]
> 
>>
>>   The first paragraph is incorrect since it forgets (or misstates) 
>> when the
>>   CCL is complete that any received RA should be treated as from a
>>   separate link if there are no prefixes in common with the CCL.
>>
>>   Suggested Text (including paragraph boundary movement):
>>
>> "...
>>    When the first RA afte a link UP notification contains prefixes 
>> which    are disjoint from those in the CCL, it may not be immediately 
>> obvious
>>    whether the host has moved or not.   Where the CCL is believed to be
>>    complete, though, any advertisement which arrives that does not 
>> contain
>>    common prefixes with the CCL can be assumed to be a link change in 
>>    accordance with section 4.6.  Otherwise, the host needs to create a
>>    new CCL with the new router's advertisement.  This CCL should not
>>    yet be treated  as if it belongs to a new link though, and the
>>    operations defined in 4.6 should not yet occur.  Instead, the host
>>    waits a minimum it waits for 4 seconds, and RAs that are received 
>> during
>>    that time interval are processed as specified above.
>>
>>    This processing might result in finding a prefix in common between a
>>    Candidate Link object and the CCL, in which case the host knows
>>    whether and to which link it has moved.  But should the 4 seconds
>>    expire without any common prefix, then it will conclude that it has
>>    moved to a new link and inform the rest of the host of the movement
>>    (Section 4.6.)  Note that the arrival of a new link UP notification
>>    during the 4 second timer must prevent the timer from firing.  In
>>    this case the host might yet again have moved so it is necessary to
>>    restart the process of inspecting the RAs.
>> ..."
> 
> 
> I edited your suggested text and created a hybrid of it and the old 
> text, so that we capture the case when the host views its prefix list as 
> complete.
> [The 01 draft also has a RS_RA_count conceptual variable which is used 
> to determine when the prefix list is viewed as complete.]
> 
>
[cut]

I think the text in -01 is good.

Thanks,

Greg



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From: JinHyeock Choi <jinchoe@gmail.com>
Subject: [DNA] Revised FRD (Fast Router Discovery) I-D
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Dear DNA WG

We have updated FRD (Fast Router Discovery) I-D and submitted it. 

This draft presents a quick RA acquisition scheme with the support 
of a link-layer entity, PoA (Point of Attachment). PoA is either 
802.11 AP or 802.16 BS. 

Upon a new network attachment, a PoA can either trigger a router 
to immediately send an unicast RA ("RA Triggering") or deliver 
such an RA for itself ("RA Proxying").   

We may put 'RA Triggering' or 'RA Proxying' functionality on 
a PoA to get the optimized result. 

Main changes from the previous versions are 
 - We expanded the result to other wireless-link technologies. 
   We added IEEE 802.16. part.   
 - We added RA Triggering part so the scheme doesn't depend 
   solely on "RA Caching" any longer. 
 - We incorporated the IEEE 802.21 (Media Independent Handover) 
   results to realize "RA Triggering" and "RA Proxying" 

The draft doesn't show up on the repository yet but is available at 

http://www.diffeo.com/drafts/draft-jinchoi-dna-frd-01.txt

Your feedback will be appreciated. 

Thanks in advance for your kind consideration. 

Best Regards

JinHyeock Choi

p.s. 
We implemented a scheme in 802.11 AP and measured DNA delay. 
Roughly it takes 1-2 ms for a host to get an RA after L2 association 
is made. More detailed report later.



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From: Brett Pentland <brett.pentland@eng.monash.edu.au>
Subject: Re: [DNA] Revised FRD (Fast Router Discovery) I-D
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Hi JinHyeock,

I just read over your update and have a few observations.

I see you now have triggering as well as caching.  Triggering seems
to make good sense when the AR and Point of Attachment (PoA) are
co-located, but when they are not it seems that you are just
reinventing RS/RA.  Compared to the host initiating the RS, you
save one store-and-forward time in the PoA, but that doesn't seem
like much of a saving for a new protocol.

For RA Proxying you have a new option for getting the cached RA,
but what do you do if there's more than one router on the link?
Should the PoA cache and forward multiple RAs?  If not, then the
host may have incomplete information.  It may not have all of the
prefixes available on the link, and it won't have a complete list
of potential default routers. To get this additional information
it will need to send an RS in order to receive the RAs from all
of the routers on the link.  You end up adding an RA to the overall
process though admittedly you get that first RA very quickly.

Cheers,
Brett.

JinHyeock Choi wrote:
> Dear DNA WG
> 
> We have updated FRD (Fast Router Discovery) I-D and submitted it. 
> 
> This draft presents a quick RA acquisition scheme with the support 
> of a link-layer entity, PoA (Point of Attachment). PoA is either 
> 802.11 AP or 802.16 BS. 
> 
> Upon a new network attachment, a PoA can either trigger a router 
> to immediately send an unicast RA ("RA Triggering") or deliver 
> such an RA for itself ("RA Proxying").   
> 
> We may put 'RA Triggering' or 'RA Proxying' functionality on 
> a PoA to get the optimized result. 
> 
> Main changes from the previous versions are 
>  - We expanded the result to other wireless-link technologies. 
>    We added IEEE 802.16. part.   
>  - We added RA Triggering part so the scheme doesn't depend 
>    solely on "RA Caching" any longer. 
>  - We incorporated the IEEE 802.21 (Media Independent Handover) 
>    results to realize "RA Triggering" and "RA Proxying" 
> 
> The draft doesn't show up on the repository yet but is available at 
> 
> http://www.diffeo.com/drafts/draft-jinchoi-dna-frd-01.txt
> 
> Your feedback will be appreciated. 
> 
> Thanks in advance for your kind consideration. 
> 
> Best Regards
> 
> JinHyeock Choi
> 
> p.s. 
> We implemented a scheme in 802.11 AP and measured DNA delay. 
> Roughly it takes 1-2 ms for a host to get an RA after L2 association 
> is made. More detailed report later.



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Date: Tue, 19 Jul 2005 17:08:32 +1000
From: Brett Pentland <brett.pentland@eng.monash.edu.au>
Subject: [DNA] DNA proposal issue 19 - was [Issue X] LinkID v.s. Landmark Prefix
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I created an issue page for this topic.  See:

http://ctieware.eng.monash.edu.au/twiki/bin/view/DNA/DNASoln1Issue019

I'm also in favour of the landmark approach.

Amongst other things, I think it integrates more easily with non-DNA
devices.  A host that comes from a non-DNA link to a DNA link gets a
positive confirmation of link change.  I don't think this is the case
with LinkID which relies on detecting change in the LinkID (which there
won't be on a non-DNA link).

Brett.



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Date: Tue, 19 Jul 2005 17:31:15 +1000
From: Greg Daley <greg.daley@eng.monash.edu.au>
Subject: Re: [DNA] DNA proposal issue 19 - was [Issue X] LinkID v.s. Landmark
 Prefix
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Hi Brett,

Thanks for creating the issue.

I'm taking my hat off for this e-mail.

Brett Pentland wrote:
> I created an issue page for this topic.  See:
> 
> http://ctieware.eng.monash.edu.au/twiki/bin/view/DNA/DNASoln1Issue019
> 
> I'm also in favour of the landmark approach.
> 
> Amongst other things, I think it integrates more easily with non-DNA
> devices.  A host that comes from a non-DNA link to a DNA link gets a
> positive confirmation of link change.  I don't think this is the case
> with LinkID which relies on detecting change in the LinkID (which there
> won't be on a non-DNA link).


I'd like to point out that protocol-00/protocol-01 have two Link
Identification mechanisms which interact.

The draft has the prefix landmark scheme (Request in RS, Response in RA)
which is able to answer questions regardless of which link a prefix was
previously on.

It also contains a specification of CompleteRA, which contains an
augmented RA (like Prefix LinkID) in even unsolicited RAs.
Rightly, comparisons should initially be made between CompleteRA
and Prefix LinkID,  rather than between Prefix LinkID and
Prefix Landmarks, since the augmented RA schemes have so much in common.

I'd guess that the desirable solution for me is either:

Prefix Landmark + CompleteRA

Prefix Landmark + Prefix LinkID

rather than argument for removal of prefix landmarks (which serve a
purpose wherever RSs are required for DNA).

This below represents my current (personal) leanings:

Personally, while the cost of CompleteRA is potentially higher if the
prefixes advertised by routers aren't the same, I still believe that it
has strong advantages in being able to immediately help construct a
complete list of prefixes on the link, which can be used in RA matching
if a link-hint is received again (even if the host moves to a non-DNA
link).

CompleteRA and Prefix Landmarks also both work well even if they share
a link with RFC 2461 (non-DNA) routers.  In either case, the DNA
router is able to answer questions about the prefixes in use by the
legacy routers (CompleteRA readvertises these in the DNAO, and a
Landmark query can be answered easily, regardless of the original
advertisor's DNA status).

Prefix LinkIDs cannot agree easily with existing non-DNA routers on the
link's identity.

Greg



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Date: Tue, 19 Jul 2005 01:11:00 -0700
From: Erik Nordmark <erik.nordmark@sun.com>
Subject: Re: [DNA] Re: About draft-ietf-dna-cpl-00.txt
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Greg Daley wrote:
> Hi Erik,
> 
> Thanks for your work in getting -01 out. It looks good.

Thank Brett!


> I think you're right about the lifetimes counting down to zero (based
> on the real time counters from Section 4.1).  These should supercede
> the 90 minute cache time, where a prefix is withdrawn from a link.

Yes, it should be the min of the 90 minutes and the advertised valid 
lifetime.

> [...]
 >
> Only if a prefix is assigned to a new link before the expiry of the
> prefix on the old link, would the 90 minute timer come into use.

Yes.

> So is flash renumbering really about allocating a prefix to another
> link before expiring the lifetime on the existing link's routers?

The loose definition I've been using for "flash renumbering" (as opposed 
to more gentle forms of renumbering) is where the prefix is suddenly 
withdrawn i.e. the valid lifetime suddenly drops from a large value 
(could be 30 days, or a few hours) down to zero.

More gentle forms of (planned) renumbering would be when the preferred 
and valid lifetimes are allowed to decrement in realtime i.e. with an 
initial valid lifetime of X days, it is known X days in advance that the 
prefix will be removed.

The problematic case shows up when there is flash renumbering followed 
by (more or less) immediate reassignment of the removed prefix to 
another link.
One could argue that folks shouldn't do that, but it would still be nice 
to have some safety so that, should it be done, a DNA host isn't in some 
confused state for a long time (e.g., 30 days with the default RFC 2461 
timers).

> In that case, the 90 minutes are sufficient only if deployers
> can be made to comply with that period of non use (or non redeployment)
> for the prefix.

Yep.

> I think the flash renumbering concept needs to be well defined
> (possibly separately), and discussed in order to gain a wider
> consensus that it's a problem we need to solve, and if the
> 90 minute hold-down before reallocation is the right way to solve it.

FWIW I think this might be one reason that Keith Moore was concerned 
about using prefixes for DNAs purpose.

> At this stage, I've only seen flash renumbering described in a
> DNA context, so it would be good to figure out if any other WGs
> are likely to have the same interest or problems.

There hasn't been another place it has come up, because there hasn't 
been another thorough effort to handle movement.

    Erik



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Date: Tue, 19 Jul 2005 10:14:50 +0200
From: "Tero Kauppinen (JO/LMF)" <tero.kauppinen@ericsson.com>
Subject: RE: [DNA] Revised dna-link-info I-D
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Hi Alper,

This has already been discussed on the mailing list, but I wanted to brin=
g it up again anyway.

I feel that it's worth noting in the draft (maybe in Section 2.: "Among t=
hese two event the first one...) that certain link technologies (I only k=
now of 802.11) don't necessarily produce a link-down event prior a link-u=
p event when the node re-associates with a new AP. If such a link-down ev=
ent is desirable, it must be generated from the host's stack because I do=
n't think it is realistic to assume that already existing hardware will b=
e updated to produce such events.

--
Tero=20

-----Original Message-----
From: owner-dna@ecselists.eng.monash.edu.au [mailto:owner-dna@ecselists.e=
ng.monash.edu.au] On Behalf Of Alper Yegin
Sent: 18. hein=E4kuuta 2005 22:03
To: dna@eng.monash.edu.au
Subject: [DNA] Revised dna-link-info I-D


Folks,

I've had submitted the revised version of the dna-link-info I-D 10 days
ago, but it hasn't showed up on the IETF repository yet. For that,
please see a copy of the I-D at the following location:

http://yegin.org/IETF/draft-ietf-dna-link-information-02.txt

The major changes in this revision include:

- New text for IEEE 802.3.
- Handling multiple 3GPP PDP Contexts.

I'd like to take your attention to the changes we needed to make in
order to accommodate nondeterministic L2 events on Ethernet (e.g., link
is up but the host the network may block data transmission). Please read
Section 2 and the entire 2.4 to see the details.

Please review and comment before the Paris meeting.

Alper





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Date: Tue, 19 Jul 2005 01:25:56 -0700
From: Erik Nordmark <erik.nordmark@sun.com>
Subject: Re: [DNA] Flash renumbering and CompleteRA/CPL maintenance
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Greg Daley wrote:

> Actually, the benefits of the DNAO (in fact the CompleteRA generally),
> seem to me to be most useful when they are able to be used to
> construct the CPL immediately (for example on an unsolicited RA, or
> on a Landmark "No" answer).
>
> This means that even rapid subsequent transition to a non-DNA
> network (or DNA network) can be identified as link-change, so long
> as the existing reception of RA information can be identified as
> complete.

Now that I understand the problem you are trying to solve ...

The current draft isn't written with this in mind, but it doesn't seem 
hard to extend it to be able to do this as well. (And as I was reading 
your email I came up with the idea that a single DNAO lifetime, which is 
the min of all the valid lifetimes of the includes prefixes, could be 
included; then I saw you had the same idea already expressed in your 
email :-)

I had initially thought that all routers on the link would either be new 
DNA capable routers, or all be old RFC 2461 routers, but then I realized 
that such a constraint is hard if not impossible to enforce (it would at 
least add complications to the protocol). If this was the case though, 
then movement between DNA and non-DNA links would be easy to detect 
since the DNA bit in the RAs would differ. But assuming we want to 
handle a mix of DNA and non-DNA routers on the same link, then the hosts 
need to be able to track the complete prefix list all the time, and the 
landmark option (and DNAO in multicast RAs) merely become an 
optimization for detecting movement with a single RA.

So I agree with you that DNAO can be useful for quickly constructing the 
CPL. Adding the single "minimum valid lifetime" is needed to do this.

    Erik





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Date: Tue, 19 Jul 2005 01:16:07 -0700
From: Erik Nordmark <erik.nordmark@sun.com>
Subject: Re: [DNA] Bootstrapping router knowledge for landmark-based DNA
 proposal
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Greg Daley wrote:

> So if we recommend that the router incapable of answering either Yes
> or No doesn't send a Landmark, do we need to specify that hosts
> discard landmark options with neither Yes or No received in an RA?

We should clarify that such landmark options are a no-op, i.e. that they 
don't change any state on the receiver (since they have no semantic value).

    Erik





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Date: Tue, 19 Jul 2005 02:02:46 -0700
From: Erik Nordmark <erik.nordmark@sun.com>
Subject: Re: [DNA] Re: About draft-ietf-dna-cpl-00.txt
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Erik Nordmark wrote:
> Greg Daley wrote:
> 
>> Hi Erik,
>>
>> Thanks for your work in getting -01 out. It looks good.
> 
> 
> Thank Brett!

Sigh - too many drafts and common issues. AFAIK Brett didn't help 
editing the CPL draft, but he did for the draft-pentland-dna-protocol draft.

    Erik




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Date: Tue, 19 Jul 2005 18:04:53 +0900
From: JinHyeock Choi <jinchoe@gmail.com>
Subject: Re: [DNA] Building upon agreement: Which bits of DNA solution do we
 have consensus for?
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Dear Greg

Thanks for your trouble advancing DNA solution. 

I think that there are a few missing components in your list. 
Framework draft presents the solution components as below,   

3.1  Solution components

   1. RA message optimized for DNA, which 1) properly indicate link
      change and 2) carries necessary information for a new IP
      configuration.

   2. A way to quickly deliver an RA to a host upon a new link-layer
      connection.

   3. Optimistic DAD [17] and TSLLAO [18] that is being specified in the
      IPv6 WG.

   4. A procedure to apply DAD during the DNA procedure that is both
      efficient and safe should there be a duplicate.

   5. A procedure for MLD so that the multicast groups are reported on a
      new link.

   6. A procedure that handles DHCPv6 address (and other) configuration
      for those cases when stateless address autoconfiguration is not
      used.

Though your list properly deals with 2, 3 and link identification, it doesn't 
include 1, 4, 5, 6. 

Especially I'd like to mention 1, RA optimized for DNA. 

In case a host is attached to a different link, it would be useful for 
the first RA message to include the necessary information to initiate 
a new IP configuration. I think we need to consider what kind of 
information the RA should include. We think that 

the RA should include 
   1) The information to indicate link change
   2) Router address (to select new default router, in case of a link
      change)
   3) Prefix(es) (to form a new IP address, in case of a link change)
   4) Link-layer address of a router (to immediately send a packet)

and the RA would better include 
   1') A global IP address of a router
   2') All prefixes that the router advertises

I'd like WG look this over to reach an agreement.  

Thanks in advance for your kind consideration. 

Best Regards

JinHyeock



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Date: Tue, 19 Jul 2005 13:38:24 +0200
From: "Tero Kauppinen (JO/LMF)" <tero.kauppinen@ericsson.com>
Subject: RE: [DNA] Revised FRD (Fast Router Discovery) I-D
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Hi JinHyeock,

Just a couple of quick questions...

Should entries in the cache suppose to have the lifetime stated in an
RA?

I guess PoA uses sending router's source address to index entries in the
cache, i.e. if a router sends an updated RA, PoA finds the old entry by
using the source address (or source link layer address in the option
field).

--
Tero 




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Subject: RE: [DNA] Revised FRD (Fast Router Discovery) I-D
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Hi again,

I also started wondering how the solution works with SEND and especially
when the timestamp and nonce options are present.

In addition what if the router(s) is/are configured to send RAs
relatively seldom, say once every 60 minutes, would it be required that
the PoA decreases prefix lifetimes in the cached entries? Just
wondering...

/Tero




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Subject: Re: [DNA] DNA proposal issue 19 - was [Issue X] LinkID	v.s.
	LandmarkPrefix
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Greg -

I agree with your preference: I too prefer Prefix Landmark + CompleteRA
, among other things, CompleteRA helps with building of the CPL if the
host moves out to a non-DNA link.

Prefix Landmark provides a way for the router to know whether the host
with the 'landmark question' has changed link or not and build its
(unicast-)RA accordingly, which I think will be very efficient in terms
of bandwidth utilization as 'no link change' is more likely than not. I
quote from "-01.txt"

   "In the case when the host is still attached to the same link, which
   might occur when the host has changed from using one layer 2 access
   point to another, but the access points are on the same link, the
   Router Advertisement(s) it receives will contain a "yes, that prefix
   is on this link" answer, and no other information.  Thus, such RA
   messages are quite small.

   In the case when the landmark prefix is unknown to the responding
   router, the host will receive a "No" answer to its landmark question,
   and also the information it needs to configure itself for the new
   link.  The routers try to include as much information as possible in
   such messages, so that the host can be informed of all the prefixes
   assigned to the new link as soon as possible."


- Sathya

> Hi Brett,
>
> Thanks for creating the issue.
>
> I'm taking my hat off for this e-mail.
>
> Brett Pentland wrote:
>
>> I created an issue page for this topic.  See:
>>
>> http://ctieware.eng.monash.edu.au/twiki/bin/view/DNA/DNASoln1Issue019
>>
>> I'm also in favour of the landmark approach.
>>
>> Amongst other things, I think it integrates more easily with non-DNA
>> devices.  A host that comes from a non-DNA link to a DNA link gets a
>> positive confirmation of link change.  I don't think this is the case
>> with LinkID which relies on detecting change in the LinkID (which there
>> won't be on a non-DNA link).
>
>
>
> I'd like to point out that protocol-00/protocol-01 have two Link
> Identification mechanisms which interact.
>
> The draft has the prefix landmark scheme (Request in RS, Response in RA)
> which is able to answer questions regardless of which link a prefix was
> previously on.
>
> It also contains a specification of CompleteRA, which contains an
> augmented RA (like Prefix LinkID) in even unsolicited RAs.
> Rightly, comparisons should initially be made between CompleteRA
> and Prefix LinkID,  rather than between Prefix LinkID and
> Prefix Landmarks, since the augmented RA schemes have so much in common.
>
> I'd guess that the desirable solution for me is either:
>
> Prefix Landmark + CompleteRA
>
> Prefix Landmark + Prefix LinkID
>
> rather than argument for removal of prefix landmarks (which serve a
> purpose wherever RSs are required for DNA).
>
> This below represents my current (personal) leanings:
>
> Personally, while the cost of CompleteRA is potentially higher if the
> prefixes advertised by routers aren't the same, I still believe that it
> has strong advantages in being able to immediately help construct a
> complete list of prefixes on the link, which can be used in RA matching
> if a link-hint is received again (even if the host moves to a non-DNA
> link).
>
> CompleteRA and Prefix Landmarks also both work well even if they share
> a link with RFC 2461 (non-DNA) routers.  In either case, the DNA
> router is able to answer questions about the prefixes in use by the
> legacy routers (CompleteRA readvertises these in the DNAO, and a
> Landmark query can be answered easily, regardless of the original
> advertisor's DNA status).
>
> Prefix LinkIDs cannot agree easily with existing non-DNA routers on the
> link's identity.
>
> Greg





From dna-owner@webcamserver.eng.monash.edu.au Tue Jul 19 12:32:09 2005
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Date: Tue, 19 Jul 2005 09:30:34 -0700
From: James Kempf <Kempf@docomolabs-usa.com>
Subject: Re: [DNA] DNA proposal issue 19 - was [Issue X] LinkID v.s. Landmark
 Prefix
Sender: owner-dna@ecselists.eng.monash.edu.au
To: greg.daley@eng.monash.edu.au,
        Brett Pentland <brett.pentland@eng.monash.edu.au>
Cc: Dna <dna@eng.monash.edu.au>
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Greg,

I agree that CompleteRA is preferable to PrefixID, for the reasons you've
stated.

            jak

----- Original Message -----
From: "Greg Daley" <greg.daley@eng.monash.edu.au>
To: "Brett Pentland" <brett.pentland@eng.monash.edu.au>
Cc: "James Kempf" <Kempf@docomolabs-usa.com>; "Dna" <dna@eng.monash.edu.au>
Sent: Tuesday, July 19, 2005 12:31 AM
Subject: Re: [DNA] DNA proposal issue 19 - was [Issue X] LinkID v.s.
Landmark Prefix


> Hi Brett,
>
> Thanks for creating the issue.
>
> I'm taking my hat off for this e-mail.
>
> Brett Pentland wrote:
> > I created an issue page for this topic.  See:
> >
> > http://ctieware.eng.monash.edu.au/twiki/bin/view/DNA/DNASoln1Issue019
> >
> > I'm also in favour of the landmark approach.
> >
> > Amongst other things, I think it integrates more easily with non-DNA
> > devices.  A host that comes from a non-DNA link to a DNA link gets a
> > positive confirmation of link change.  I don't think this is the case
> > with LinkID which relies on detecting change in the LinkID (which there
> > won't be on a non-DNA link).
>
>
> I'd like to point out that protocol-00/protocol-01 have two Link
> Identification mechanisms which interact.
>
> The draft has the prefix landmark scheme (Request in RS, Response in RA)
> which is able to answer questions regardless of which link a prefix was
> previously on.
>
> It also contains a specification of CompleteRA, which contains an
> augmented RA (like Prefix LinkID) in even unsolicited RAs.
> Rightly, comparisons should initially be made between CompleteRA
> and Prefix LinkID,  rather than between Prefix LinkID and
> Prefix Landmarks, since the augmented RA schemes have so much in common.
>
> I'd guess that the desirable solution for me is either:
>
> Prefix Landmark + CompleteRA
>
> Prefix Landmark + Prefix LinkID
>
> rather than argument for removal of prefix landmarks (which serve a
> purpose wherever RSs are required for DNA).
>
> This below represents my current (personal) leanings:
>
> Personally, while the cost of CompleteRA is potentially higher if the
> prefixes advertised by routers aren't the same, I still believe that it
> has strong advantages in being able to immediately help construct a
> complete list of prefixes on the link, which can be used in RA matching
> if a link-hint is received again (even if the host moves to a non-DNA
> link).
>
> CompleteRA and Prefix Landmarks also both work well even if they share
> a link with RFC 2461 (non-DNA) routers.  In either case, the DNA
> router is able to answer questions about the prefixes in use by the
> legacy routers (CompleteRA readvertises these in the DNAO, and a
> Landmark query can be answered easily, regardless of the original
> advertisor's DNA status).
>
> Prefix LinkIDs cannot agree easily with existing non-DNA routers on the
> link's identity.
>
> Greg
>





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> > At this stage, I've only seen flash renumbering described in a
> > DNA context, so it would be good to figure out if any other WGs
> > are likely to have the same interest or problems.
> 
> There hasn't been another place it has come up, because there hasn't 
> been another thorough effort to handle movement.
> 


In fact, AFICT, RFC 2894 has not received a lot of operational testing.

            jak




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From: JinHyeock Choi <jinchoe@gmail.com>
Subject: Re: [DNA] [Issue X] LinkID v.s. Landmark Prefix
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Dear Jak

Thanks for your detailed comments. 

> I am in favor of Landmark Prefix and not LinkID. I could go through a list
> of problems I have with draft-jinchoi but I'm sure JinHyeock could up with
> reasonable responses, 
> and I'm not interested in getting into a long email
> conversation about specific details of LinkID, because it would only result
> in more text getting added to the draft to handle problems and special cases
> with the protocol.

I think you may overestimate me. I am prepared to yield to the case 
which LinkId can't handle reasonably. 

> My basic objection is that LinkID is considerably more more complex than
> Landmark Prefix. 

We are in disagreement here. 

draft-pentland relies not only landmark but also CompleteRA. (I guess
Landmark/ CompleteRA may be the more proper term.)

I think CompleteRA by itself is more complex than LinkID. (That's 
why I switched to Linkid.  As you may know, I've played with CompleteRA 
quite long in DT)

> draft-jinchoi requires 22 pages just to describe the link
> identification protocol, whereas the latest draft of draft-pentland covers
> link identification, fast RA delivery, link configuration, address state
> machine management, and more in 25 pages. Essentially, the draft to describe
> the entire DNA protocol using Landmark Prefix is only 3 pages more than the
> draft to describe just the link identification part using LinkID. Page count
> is a kind of crude measure of complexity, but I think this analysis would
> hold up if one went through in more detail. 

I don't think page count is a proper measure of complexity. It may 
result from either my poor English composition or more mature 
protocol specification. 

Also I point out the scheme is implemented with the code size 
390 lines for router & 160 lines for host, which, I think, is not 
too much complicated. We may count code lines instead. 

> There's a lot of special case
> language, extra timers, and extra data structures in LinkID that aren't
> needed for Landmark Prefix.

Kindly designate in more detail.  Many new notions in LinkID is also 
needed in Landmark/ CompleteRA (though in different language). 
For the case of Linkid lifetime, Landmark/ CompleteRA also adopts
a similar notion like below. 

   Prefix information entry MUST be removed from the DNAPrefixList when
   its valid lifetime expires or if the entry has not been refreshed in
   the last 1.5 hours.

Moreover I point out Landmark/ CompleteRA needs more new 
messages.  

> I support selecting Landmark Prefix for the WG draft for DNA.

Though I am in favor of Linkid, I don't think we have made 
a proper comparison yet.  

Thanks in advance for your kind consideration. 

Best Regards

JinHyeock



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From: JinHyeock Choi <jinchoe@gmail.com>
Subject: Re: [DNA] DNA proposal issue 19 - was [Issue X] LinkID v.s.
 LandmarkPrefix
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        Brett Pentland <brett.pentland@eng.monash.edu.au>,
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Dear Sathya

> I agree with your preference: I too prefer Prefix Landmark + CompleteRA
> , among other things, CompleteRA helps with building of the CPL if the
> host moves out to a non-DNA link.
> 
> Prefix Landmark provides a way for the router to know whether the host
> with the 'landmark question' has changed link or not and build its
> (unicast-)RA accordingly, which I think will be very efficient in terms
> of bandwidth utilization as 'no link change' is more likely than not. I
> quote from "-01.txt"

Kindly see the Issue 007 of Linkid-01 draft. With Linkid prefix option 
for RS message, Linkid can achieve the same bandwidth saving. 
(But I can't be sure that it's worthwhile.)

Best Regards

JinHyeock



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Date: Wed, 20 Jul 2005 01:51:22 +0900
From: JinHyeock Choi <jinchoe@gmail.com>
Subject: Re: [DNA] DNA proposal issue 19 - was [Issue X] LinkID v.s. Landmark
 Prefix
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Dear Greg
 
> I'd like to point out that protocol-00/protocol-01 have two Link
> Identification mechanisms which interact.
> 
> The draft has the prefix landmark scheme (Request in RS, Response in RA)
> which is able to answer questions regardless of which link a prefix was
> previously on.
> 
> It also contains a specification of CompleteRA, which contains an
> augmented RA (like Prefix LinkID) in even unsolicited RAs.
> Rightly, comparisons should initially be made between CompleteRA
> and Prefix LinkID,  rather than between Prefix LinkID and
> Prefix Landmarks, since the augmented RA schemes have so much in common.
> 
> I'd guess that the desirable solution for me is either:
> 
> Prefix Landmark + CompleteRA
> 
> Prefix Landmark + Prefix LinkID
> 
> rather than argument for removal of prefix landmarks (which serve a
> purpose wherever RSs are required for DNA).

I don't think the comparison is exactly right. 

Right now Linkid draft is complete by itself. It doesn't need either landmark 
or CompleteRA. Whereas Landarmk needs CompleteRA to be able to 
check for link change with unsolicted RA. 

I don't rule out the possibility of Linkid + landmark but would like to see 
the tangible benefits which can match up the added complexity to 
Linkid alone. 

I think the comparison would better be as it is. 

Linkid between Landmark/ CompleteRA

> This below represents my current (personal) leanings:
> 
> Personally, while the cost of CompleteRA is potentially higher if the
> prefixes advertised by routers aren't the same, I still believe that it
> has strong advantages in being able to immediately help construct a
> complete list of prefixes on the link, which can be used in RA matching
> if a link-hint is received again (even if the host moves to a non-DNA
> link).

As DT may knows, I worked on Comlete RA for long. But it's more
difficult to synchronize, consume more bandwidth and there is a 
possibility that it can't be made. 
 
> CompleteRA and Prefix Landmarks also both work well even if they share
> a link with RFC 2461 (non-DNA) routers.  In either case, the DNA
> router is able to answer questions about the prefixes in use by the
> legacy routers (CompleteRA readvertises these in the DNAO, and a
> Landmark query can be answered easily, regardless of the original
> advertisor's DNA status).
> 
> Prefix LinkIDs cannot agree easily with existing non-DNA routers on the
> link's identity.

It can. It will simply pick the smallest prefix. 

Thanks in advance for your kind consideration. 

Best Regards

JinHyeock



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Date: Wed, 20 Jul 2005 01:51:02 +0900
From: JinHyeock Choi <jinchoe@gmail.com>
Subject: Re: [DNA] DNA proposal issue 19 - was [Issue X] LinkID v.s. Landmark
 Prefix
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Dear Brett

> I'm also in favour of the landmark approach.
> 
> Amongst other things, I think it integrates more easily with non-DNA
> devices.  A host that comes from a non-DNA link to a DNA link gets a
> positive confirmation of link change.  I don't think this is the case
> with LinkID which relies on detecting change in the LinkID (which there
> won't be on a non-DNA link).

You are right but I think CPL will step in such a case. I think it would 
help if we write down 'other things' to compare two in whole.  

Best Regards

JinHyeock



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Date: Tue, 19 Jul 2005 13:15:45 -0400
From: Sathya Narayanan <sathya@research.panasonic.com>
Subject: Re: [DNA] DNA proposal issue 19 - was [Issue X] LinkID	v.s.
	LandmarkPrefix
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JinHyeock Choi wrote:

> <snip>
>
>>This below represents my current (personal) leanings:
>>
>>Personally, while the cost of CompleteRA is potentially higher if the
>>prefixes advertised by routers aren't the same, I still believe that it
>>has strong advantages in being able to immediately help construct a
>>complete list of prefixes on the link, which can be used in RA matching
>>if a link-hint is received again (even if the host moves to a non-DNA
>>link).
>>    
>>
>
>As DT may knows, I worked on Comlete RA for long. But it's more
>difficult to synchronize, consume more bandwidth and there is a 
>possibility that it can't be made. 
>  
>
I don't think this is accurate in comparison to synchronizing for
prefix-LinkID. Prefix LinkID requires the completeRA list to be
synchronized in each of the routers so that the least prefix can be
selected from the list as LinkID. So the synchronization/bandwidth
requirements are the same for both CompleteRA and Prefix LinkID. The
difference between LinkID and CompleteRA is only in terms of what is
included in the RA messages - i.e. the debate is only what will be the
information included in the RA message. I think it is better to include
the whole list of prefixes rather one representative - because chosing a
representative adds additional requirement of synchronization in terms
of the timing when the representative is chosen at each router.

- Sathya

> 
>  
>
>>CompleteRA and Prefix Landmarks also both work well even if they share
>>a link with RFC 2461 (non-DNA) routers.  In either case, the DNA
>>router is able to answer questions about the prefixes in use by the
>>legacy routers (CompleteRA readvertises these in the DNAO, and a
>>Landmark query can be answered easily, regardless of the original
>>advertisor's DNA status).
>>
>>Prefix LinkIDs cannot agree easily with existing non-DNA routers on the
>>link's identity.
>>    
>>
>
>It can. It will simply pick the smallest prefix. 
>
>Thanks in advance for your kind consideration. 
>
>Best Regards
>
>JinHyeock
>  
>




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Date: Tue, 19 Jul 2005 13:34:24 -0400
From: Sathya Narayanan <sathya@research.panasonic.com>
Subject: Re: [DNA] DNA proposal issue 19 - was [Issue X]	LinkID
	v.s.LandmarkPrefix
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Dear JinHyeock -

>Dear Sathya
>  
>
>>I agree with your preference: I too prefer Prefix Landmark + CompleteRA
>>, among other things, CompleteRA helps with building of the CPL if the
>>host moves out to a non-DNA link.
>>
>>Prefix Landmark provides a way for the router to know whether the host
>>with the 'landmark question' has changed link or not and build its
>>(unicast-)RA accordingly, which I think will be very efficient in terms
>>of bandwidth utilization as 'no link change' is more likely than not. I
>>quote from "-01.txt"
>>    
>>
>
>Kindly see the Issue 007 of Linkid-01 draft. With Linkid prefix option 
>for RS message, Linkid can achieve the same bandwidth saving. 
>(But I can't be sure that it's worthwhile.)
>  
>
I am surprised - this issue is basically suggesting the adoption of
prefix landmark into the prefix LinkID solution. If this change is made
to LinkID, then the second proposal becomes Prefix Landmark + Prefix
LinkID, as Greg suggested. But, your response to Greg's email seem to
suggest that you don't like that combination.

Anyhow, I think the first step is to agree which particular concepts are
worth pursuing and then we can worry about which particular solution
draft is proposing it.

If what is said in Issue 007 of Linkid-01 draft is agreed by you, I
think there is consensus to adopt the 'concept of landmark'. Whether the
'prefix-LinkID ' chosen by the routers must be used as landmark by the
hosts or whether each host choses its own landmark needs to be resolved
- I (obviously ;-) prefer the later.

And the second component needing consensus is, as Greg suggested,
whether to include the complete list of prefixes (CompleteRA) or a
representative for each set (LinkID). As I mentioned in the earlier
email, LinkID requires the synchronization of the complete list of
prefixes so that it can choose the least prefix - but LinkID needs
additional synchronization among the routers as to when they chose the
LinkID.

All the other components like oDAD, TSLLAO etc., AFAIK, we already have
consensus on how to address them.

- Sathya



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Date: Tue, 19 Jul 2005 23:35:59 +0530
From: Syam Madanapalli <smadanapalli@gmail.com>
Subject: Re: [DNA] DNA proposal issue 19 - was [Issue X] LinkID v.s. Landmark
 Prefix
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Hi Greg, 

<cut>
> 
> I'd like to point out that protocol-00/protocol-01 have two Link
> Identification mechanisms which interact.
> 
> The draft has the prefix landmark scheme (Request in RS, Response in RA)
> which is able to answer questions regardless of which link a prefix was
> previously on.
> 
> It also contains a specification of CompleteRA, which contains an
> augmented RA (like Prefix LinkID) in even unsolicited RAs.
> Rightly, comparisons should initially be made between CompleteRA
> and Prefix LinkID,  rather than between Prefix LinkID and
> Prefix Landmarks, since the augmented RA schemes have so much in common.
> 
> I'd guess that the desirable solution for me is either:
> 
> Prefix Landmark + CompleteRA
> 
> Prefix Landmark + Prefix LinkID
> 
> rather than argument for removal of prefix landmarks (which serve a
> purpose wherever RSs are required for DNA).

Linkid scheme also works with RS as well as without RS if the node
was on a DNA capable link previously. Definitely I see the advantage
of Landmark if the node is moving from non-DNA link.

> 
> This below represents my current (personal) leanings:
> 
> Personally, while the cost of CompleteRA is potentially higher if the
> prefixes advertised by routers aren't the same, I still believe that it
> has strong advantages in being able to immediately help construct a
> complete list of prefixes on the link, which can be used in RA matching
> if a link-hint is received again (even if the host moves to a non-DNA
> link).

As a host can build the complete prefix list on its own without explicit 
support for complete RA, we may need to carefully evaluate it's benefits 
against the bandwidth consumption on the link as well as synchronization
complexity. A host may need to be at the link for less than a minute to 
acquire the complete prefix list, the chances of a node moving away from
the link within few seconds may be less.


> 
> CompleteRA and Prefix Landmarks also both work well even if they share
> a link with RFC 2461 (non-DNA) routers.  In either case, the DNA
> router is able to answer questions about the prefixes in use by the
> legacy routers (CompleteRA readvertises these in the DNAO, and a
> Landmark query can be answered easily, regardless of the original
> advertisor's DNA status).

Did you see any problems with linkid scheme in case non-DNA router
present on the link? I think Linkid scheme also works with non-DNA routers.

> 
> Prefix LinkIDs cannot agree easily with existing non-DNA routers on the
> link's identity.

As we have implemented the linkid scheme, we did not find any such problems.
For landmark also all the Routers need know about all other prefixes, otherwie
the host may get conflict answers.

> 
> Greg
> 

And I think it is worth to provide the complete comparison list
between Landmark and Linkid Schemes, so that the non DT members can
uderstand and will be able to participate in the selection process for
the link identification method. I hope this is not a
burden for the DT as they already know how each schecme works :)

Thank you,
Syam



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Date: Tue, 19 Jul 2005 23:44:17 +0530
From: Syam Madanapalli <smadanapalli@gmail.com>
Subject: Re: [DNA] DNA proposal issue 19 - was [Issue X] LinkID
 v.s.LandmarkPrefix
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Hi Sathya,


<cut>

> As I mentioned in the earlier
> email, LinkID requires the synchronization of the complete list of
> prefixes so that it can choose the least prefix - but LinkID needs
> additional synchronization among the routers as to when they chose the
> LinkID.
> 

To the extent of my knowledge even Landmark method requires the
synchronization among routers, otherwise one router may say 'no'
and other may say 'yes' for the landmark question.

-Syam



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Date: Tue, 19 Jul 2005 14:45:44 -0400
From: Sathya Narayanan <sathya@research.panasonic.com>
Subject: Re: [DNA] DNA proposal issue 19 - was [Issue	X]
	LinkIDv.s.LandmarkPrefix
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Syam -

>Hi Sathya,
>
><cut>
>
>>As I mentioned in the earlier
>>email, LinkID requires the synchronization of the complete list of
>>prefixes so that it can choose the least prefix - but LinkID needs
>>additional synchronization among the routers as to when they chose the
>>LinkID.
>>
>>    
>>
>To the extent of my knowledge even Landmark method requires the
>synchronization among routers, otherwise one router may say 'no'
>and other may say 'yes' for the landmark question.
>  
>
Yes - I am sorry I wasn't clear - LinkID, CompleteRA and Landmark
require the synchronization of the complete list of prefixes by the
routers - but LinkID MAY need additional synchronization in terms of the
timing when the LinkID is chosen at each routers. What I mean is that, a
clear indication that the complete list is collected is needed in the
LinkID case before the routers can chose the LinkID, while in Landmark
and CompleteRA -  'as far as I know' these are the prefixes will work
reasonably well at each router, even when the complete list is a little
bit off. Some hosts may get conflicting answers with Landmark, but if
two routers chose different LinkIDs all the hosts in the link will
receive RA messages with two different LinkIDs and keep changing
configuration until the synchronization is complete - i.e. the
synchronization requirement is stronger in the case of LinkID, IMHO.

- Sathya



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Date: Tue, 19 Jul 2005 12:54:17 -0700
From: James Kempf <Kempf@docomolabs-usa.com>
Subject: Re: [DNA] DNA proposal issue 19 - was [Issue X] LinkID v.s. Landmark
 Prefix
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To: Syam Madanapalli <smadanapalli@gmail.com>, greg.daley@eng.monash.edu.au
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And I think it is worth to provide the complete comparison list
between Landmark and Linkid Schemes, so that the non DT members can
uderstand and will be able to participate in the selection process for
the link identification method. I hope this is not a
burden for the DT as they already know how each schecme works :)


jak>> I've got no objection if someone wants to do this, but I really don't
think it is necessary. People just need to read the drafts and decide for
themselves which one they like.

            jak





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From: James Kempf <Kempf@docomolabs-usa.com>
Subject: Re: [DNA] Bootstrapping router knowledge for landmark-based DNA
 proposal
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Brett,

> Yes, if that covered all cases it would be simpler not to need RSs, but
> there is no guarantee that there will be any unsolicited RAs from the
> other routers on the link before the 15 sec expiry.  If that doesn't
> happen, then the router will start behaving as a full DNA router before
> it has complete information and may thus answser requests incorrectly.
>

I assume you are thinking of nonDNA routers, because if we specify something
from DNA routers, then there will be a high probability that something will
come through, since the retransmits should ensure it in the face of drops,
right?

RFC 2461 (and RFC 2461bis) has this to say about boot time sending of
unsolicited RAs (Section 6.2.4):

   For the first few advertisements (up to
   MAX_INITIAL_RTR_ADVERTISEMENTS) sent from an interface when it
   becomes an advertising interface, if the randomly chosen interval is
   greater than MAX_INITIAL_RTR_ADVERT_INTERVAL, the timer SHOULD be set
   to MAX_INITIAL_RTR_ADVERT_INTERVAL instead.  Using a smaller interval
   for the initial advertisements increases the likelihood of a router
   being discovered quickly when it first becomes available, in the
   presence of possible packet loss.

So, basically, whether or not a nonDNA router does advertisement is
configurable. If we decide to use advertisement, then I think we need to
specify what these configurable parameters need to be for nonDNA routers
(and we probably ought to do that anyway even if we decide to use
solicitation, as Eric's note mentioned).

> I can't see how we can avoid RSs if we want to be confident of complete
> information before we start behaving as a DNA router.

I don't see how RSs would provide any more confidence than RAs. In order to
make sure that all routers got the RSs in the face of drops, they would need
to be multicast retransmitted too. So whether the RAs are multicast
retransmitted or the the RSs are doesn't seem to make much difference AFIKT.
Can you explain why you think this would make a difference?

            jak





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Date: Tue, 19 Jul 2005 20:36:12 +0000 (GMT)
From: Daniel Park <soohong.park@samsung.com>
Subject: Re: Re: [DNA] DNA proposal issue 19 - was [Issue X] LinkID v.s.
 Landmark Prefix
Sender: owner-dna@ecselists.eng.monash.edu.au
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Cc: Syam Madanapalli <smadanapalli@gmail.com>,
        "greg.daley@eng.monash.edu.au" <greg.daley@eng.monash.edu.au>,
        Brett Pentland <brett.pentland@eng.monash.edu.au>,
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<HTML><HEAD>
<META http-equiv=Content-Type content='text/html; charset=windows-1252'>
<title>Samsung Enterprise Portal mySingle</title>
<style> P, td, li {font-family:Arial, arial; font-size:9pt; margin-top:5px;margin-bottom:5px;}</style>
</HEAD><BODY><p>And&nbsp;I&nbsp;think&nbsp;it&nbsp;is&nbsp;worth&nbsp;to&nbsp;provide&nbsp;the&nbsp;complete&nbsp;comparison&nbsp;list
<br>between&nbsp;Landmark&nbsp;and&nbsp;Linkid&nbsp;Schemes,&nbsp;so&nbsp;that&nbsp;the&nbsp;non&nbsp;DT&nbsp;members&nbsp;can
<br>uderstand&nbsp;and&nbsp;will&nbsp;be&nbsp;able&nbsp;to&nbsp;participate&nbsp;in&nbsp;the&nbsp;selection&nbsp;process&nbsp;for
<br>the&nbsp;link&nbsp;identification&nbsp;method.&nbsp;I&nbsp;hope&nbsp;this&nbsp;is&nbsp;not&nbsp;a
<br>burden&nbsp;for&nbsp;the&nbsp;DT&nbsp;as&nbsp;they&nbsp;already&nbsp;know&nbsp;how&nbsp;each&nbsp;schecme&nbsp;works&nbsp;:)
<br>
<br>
<br>jak&gt;&gt;&nbsp;I've&nbsp;got&nbsp;no&nbsp;objection&nbsp;if&nbsp;someone&nbsp;wants&nbsp;to&nbsp;do&nbsp;this,&nbsp;but&nbsp;I&nbsp;really&nbsp;don't
<br>think&nbsp;it&nbsp;is&nbsp;necessary.&nbsp;People&nbsp;just&nbsp;need&nbsp;to&nbsp;read&nbsp;the&nbsp;drafts&nbsp;and&nbsp;decide&nbsp;for
<br>themselves&nbsp;which&nbsp;one&nbsp;they&nbsp;like.
<br>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>Daniel&gt; Strongly disagreed, in my understanding, DNA will decide </p>
<p>which one &nbsp;would be more valuable method and it will be accepted </p>
<p>as WG item, then&nbsp;another one will be dead.&nbsp;&nbsp;(I don't think 
we need</p>
<p>both) Rather just reading a draft, specific comparison and evaluation </p>
<p>would be more good effort on adopting any protocols within each WG </p>
<p>if available. &nbsp;So it is definitely necessary at this stage. <br>
</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>Regards

   
</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>Daniel (Soohong Daniel Park)
</p>
<p>Mobile Platform Laboratory. SAMSUNG Electronics</p>
</BODY></HTML>



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Date: Wed, 20 Jul 2005 08:38:18 +1000
From: Greg Daley <greg.daley@eng.monash.edu.au>
Subject: Re: [DNA] Bootstrapping router knowledge for landmark-based DNA
 proposal
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Hi Erik,

Erik Nordmark wrote:
> Greg Daley wrote:
> 
>> So if we recommend that the router incapable of answering either Yes
>> or No doesn't send a Landmark, do we need to specify that hosts
>> discard landmark options with neither Yes or No received in an RA?
> 
> 
> We should clarify that such landmark options are a no-op, i.e. that they 
> don't change any state on the receiver (since they have no semantic value).

Yes, and then also tell routers not to send them.

Is that the agreement?

Greg



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From: Greg Daley <greg.daley@eng.monash.edu.au>
Subject: Re: [DNA] Re: About draft-ietf-dna-cpl-00.txt
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Hi Erik,

Erik Nordmark wrote:
> Greg Daley wrote:
> 
[cut]
> 
>> Only if a prefix is assigned to a new link before the expiry of the
>> prefix on the old link, would the 90 minute timer come into use.
> 
> 
> Yes.
> 
>> So is flash renumbering really about allocating a prefix to another
>> link before expiring the lifetime on the existing link's routers?
> 
> 
> The loose definition I've been using for "flash renumbering" (as opposed 
> to more gentle forms of renumbering) is where the prefix is suddenly 
> withdrawn i.e. the valid lifetime suddenly drops from a large value 
> (could be 30 days, or a few hours) down to zero.
> 
> More gentle forms of (planned) renumbering would be when the preferred 
> and valid lifetimes are allowed to decrement in realtime i.e. with an 
> initial valid lifetime of X days, it is known X days in advance that the 
> prefix will be removed.
> 
> The problematic case shows up when there is flash renumbering followed 
> by (more or less) immediate reassignment of the removed prefix to 
> another link.
> One could argue that folks shouldn't do that, but it would still be nice 
> to have some safety so that, should it be done, a DNA host isn't in some 
> confused state for a long time (e.g., 30 days with the default RFC 2461 
> timers).

I think that the problem in DNA comes (primarily) where there's
lingering state in the network: a host or router which hasn't seen
the zero lifetime retraction.

A zero lifetime retraction is a valid mechanism, but intermittently
connected hosts may not receive the notification that the prefix is
no longer connected.

I'd like to sit and think for a little while and determine if there's
a completely safe way to handle knowledge used for CPL (or CompleteRA
etc.) without facing the danger that the prefixes will be classified
as belonging to one link (when in fact they belong to two, from two
different times).

This shouldn't hamper progression of CPL at the moment.


>> In that case, the 90 minutes are sufficient only if deployers
>> can be made to comply with that period of non use (or non redeployment)
>> for the prefix.
> 
> 
> Yep.
> 
>> I think the flash renumbering concept needs to be well defined
>> (possibly separately), and discussed in order to gain a wider
>> consensus that it's a problem we need to solve, and if the
>> 90 minute hold-down before reallocation is the right way to solve it.
> 
> 
> FWIW I think this might be one reason that Keith Moore was concerned 
> about using prefixes for DNAs purpose.

That's understandable.  It would be good later to have his and
other operational opinions of how relevant the problem is, and
how the solutions may be impacted by it.

>> At this stage, I've only seen flash renumbering described in a
>> DNA context, so it would be good to figure out if any other WGs
>> are likely to have the same interest or problems.
> 
> 
> There hasn't been another place it has come up, because there hasn't 
> been another thorough effort to handle movement.

I think that this is the right place to explore the issue then
(if it's a small enough issue).

Do you think we may need a short PS after IETF?

Greg



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Date: Wed, 20 Jul 2005 09:12:52 +1000
From: Greg Daley <greg.daley@eng.monash.edu.au>
Subject: Re: [DNA] DNA proposal issue 19 - was [Issue X] LinkID v.s. Landmark
 Prefix
In-reply-to: <92e919fb0507190951362ec87c@mail.gmail.com>
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Cc: Brett Pentland <brett.pentland@eng.monash.edu.au>,
        James Kempf <Kempf@docomolabs-usa.com>, Dna <dna@eng.monash.edu.au>
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Hi JinHyeock,


JinHyeock Choi wrote:
[cut]
>>
>>I'd guess that the desirable solution for me is either:
>>
>>Prefix Landmark + CompleteRA
>>
>>Prefix Landmark + Prefix LinkID
>>
>>rather than argument for removal of prefix landmarks (which serve a
>>purpose wherever RSs are required for DNA).
> 
> 
> I don't think the comparison is exactly right. 
> 
> Right now Linkid draft is complete by itself. It doesn't need either landmark 
> or CompleteRA. Whereas Landarmk needs CompleteRA to be able to 
> check for link change with unsolicted RA. 
> 
> I don't rule out the possibility of Linkid + landmark but would like to see 
> the tangible benefits which can match up the added complexity to 
> Linkid alone. 
> 
> I think the comparison would better be as it is. 
> 
> Linkid between Landmark/ CompleteRA

OK.  That's a fair opinion.


[cut]
> 
> 
> As DT may knows, I worked on Comlete RA for long. But it's more
> difficult to synchronize, consume more bandwidth and there is a 
> possibility that it can't be made. 


CompleteRA isn't difficult to synchronize at all.

All routers immediately update their DNAPrefixList with a
prefix as soon as it is seen.

The next RAs all contain the prefix.

The prefix lifetime timers (and last seen timers) count down in
real-time on the routers (exactly like CPL).

The (re-)advertised prefixes are only advertised so long as their
original prefixes are valid.   This is available in the distributed
source code.

>>CompleteRA and Prefix Landmarks also both work well even if they share
>>a link with RFC 2461 (non-DNA) routers.  In either case, the DNA
>>router is able to answer questions about the prefixes in use by the
>>legacy routers (CompleteRA readvertises these in the DNAO, and a
>>Landmark query can be answered easily, regardless of the original
>>advertisor's DNA status).
>>
>>Prefix LinkIDs cannot agree easily with existing non-DNA routers on the
>>link's identity.
> 
> 
> It can. It will simply pick the smallest prefix. 

Except if the non-DNA routers do not have the smallest prefix
configured (which was my point).

The RAs received from non-DNA routers aren't guaranteed to have
any prefixes in common with the DNA (LinkID) routers.
CompleteRA has this at potentially greater prefix advertisement cost.

Greg



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From: Greg Daley <greg.daley@eng.monash.edu.au>
Subject: Re: [DNA] DNA proposal issue 19 - was [Issue X] LinkID v.s. Landmark
 Prefix
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Hi Syam,

Once again, I'm expressing personal opionions only.

Syam Madanapalli wrote:
[cut]
> 
> 
> Linkid scheme also works with RS as well as without RS if the node
> was on a DNA capable link previously. Definitely I see the advantage
> of Landmark if the node is moving from non-DNA link.

The same can be said of CompleteRA (which has [provably] exactly
the same properties as LinkID of being able to detect link change
with DNA routers).

The omission of RS only works in constrained environments
where one already has the right link information (FMIPv6
predictive handover), or the Network infrastructure
can be known beforehand to provide RA information (conceivably
FastRD in a constrained environment).

Neither of these scenarios is under consideration for the
main DNA solution (FMIPv6 because it works without RA, FastRD
because it isn't generally applicable), which needs to work
correctly and quickly in generic IPv6 environments.

So I don't think we can champion one particular technology based
on the fact that it works (slowly in general) with unsolicited RA.

>>This below represents my current (personal) leanings:
>>
>>Personally, while the cost of CompleteRA is potentially higher if the
>>prefixes advertised by routers aren't the same, I still believe that it
>>has strong advantages in being able to immediately help construct a
>>complete list of prefixes on the link, which can be used in RA matching
>>if a link-hint is received again (even if the host moves to a non-DNA
>>link).
> 
> 
> As a host can build the complete prefix list on its own without explicit 
> support for complete RA, we may need to carefully evaluate it's benefits 
> against the bandwidth consumption on the link as well as synchronization
> complexity. A host may need to be at the link for less than a minute to 
> acquire the complete prefix list, the chances of a node moving away from
> the link within few seconds may be less.

But we already have CPL, and we know what its limitations are.

The time to build sufficient information to Detect change is the
critical issue:  Otherwise we wouldn't have any link
identification mechanism in the DNA solution.   CPL is good
enough if you've got the time and energy to probe for RAs.

If we want to support (potentially) rapidly changing attachment,
the state on the host needs to be as up to date as possible, whether
using a landmark, a link-id or CompleteRA.

CompleteRA has the potential to create a CPL immediately, which
is better for the "movement to non-DNA" link case.


>>CompleteRA and Prefix Landmarks also both work well even if they share
>>a link with RFC 2461 (non-DNA) routers.  In either case, the DNA
>>router is able to answer questions about the prefixes in use by the
>>legacy routers (CompleteRA readvertises these in the DNAO, and a
>>Landmark query can be answered easily, regardless of the original
>>advertisor's DNA status).
> 
> 
> Did you see any problems with linkid scheme in case non-DNA router
> present on the link? I think Linkid scheme also works with non-DNA routers.


Except if the non-DNA routers don't happen to advertise the lowest
numeric prefix...


>>Prefix LinkIDs cannot agree easily with existing non-DNA routers on the
>>link's identity.
> 
> 
> As we have implemented the linkid scheme, we did not find any such problems.
> For landmark also all the Routers need know about all other prefixes, otherwie
> the host may get conflict answers.

It doesn't need to know all the prefixes (as described in a previous
thread).  It needs to know what prefixes it definitely has locally.

In that case, it can answer "Yes" immediately.  Answering "No" takes
definitive knowledge and synchronization.   A prefix which answers
"Yes" will supercede a "No" if it is received first.

The chance that a router will answer "No" when another answers "Yes"
is the chance that a prefix's advertisement has not been received
on the "No" router before the RS with a landmark query is sent.

This is bounded by the delay of the original RA to cross the network,
and any robustness factors affecting delivery between pairs of routers.

As the solicitor would have to have received the landmark prefix in
an RA before it can send the landmark RS, the chances are really
quite small that any remaining router would be not be updated
before answering the landmark query.

Greg




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From: Greg Daley <greg.daley@eng.monash.edu.au>
Subject: Re: [DNA] Re: About draft-ietf-dna-cpl-00.txt
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Hi James,

James Kempf wrote:
>>>At this stage, I've only seen flash renumbering described in a
>>>DNA context, so it would be good to figure out if any other WGs
>>>are likely to have the same interest or problems.
>>
>>There hasn't been another place it has come up, because there hasn't 
>>been another thorough effort to handle movement.
>>
> 
> 
> 
> In fact, AFICT, RFC 2894 has not received a lot of operational testing.

I think I know what you mean, although there has been some work
as part of the 6net project:

http://www.6net.org/publications/deliverables/D3.6.2.pdf

I've yet to read it thoroughly but came across it the other day.

Greg.



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Date: Wed, 20 Jul 2005 10:59:59 +1000
From: Greg Daley <greg.daley@eng.monash.edu.au>
Subject: Re: [DNA] [Issue X] LinkID v.s. Landmark Prefix
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Dear JinHyeock,

JinHyeock Choi wrote:
> Dear Jak
> 
> Thanks for your detailed comments. 
> 
> 
>>I am in favor of Landmark Prefix and not LinkID. I could go through a list
>>of problems I have with draft-jinchoi but I'm sure JinHyeock could up with
>>reasonable responses, 
>>and I'm not interested in getting into a long email
>>conversation about specific details of LinkID, because it would only result
>>in more text getting added to the draft to handle problems and special cases
>>with the protocol.
> 
> 
> I think you may overestimate me. I am prepared to yield to the case 
> which LinkId can't handle reasonably. 
> 
> 
>>My basic objection is that LinkID is considerably more more complex than
>>Landmark Prefix. 
> 
> 
> We are in disagreement here. 
> 
> draft-pentland relies not only landmark but also CompleteRA. (I guess
> Landmark/ CompleteRA may be the more proper term.)
> 
> I think CompleteRA by itself is more complex than LinkID. (That's 
> why I switched to Linkid.  As you may know, I've played with CompleteRA 
> quite long in DT)

CompleteRA is not significantly more difficult.

The only difference between storage of information in either CompleteRA
or LinkID is that routers have to keep (at least) the two smallest
Prefixes with LinkID, and that CompleteRA has to keep all prefixes
(on the router side).

The storage and comparison requirements are quite similar,
especially on the host, where the CPL (+CCL) must be kept anyway.

In fact, the Landmark and CompleteRA have exactly the same state
requirements, and share space and implementation code in my RADVD patch.

So overall, the cost of storage for the combined Landmark+CompleteRA
solution is comparable to the LinkID solution.

>>draft-jinchoi requires 22 pages just to describe the link
>>identification protocol, whereas the latest draft of draft-pentland covers
>>link identification, fast RA delivery, link configuration, address state
>>machine management, and more in 25 pages. Essentially, the draft to describe
>>the entire DNA protocol using Landmark Prefix is only 3 pages more than the
>>draft to describe just the link identification part using LinkID. Page count
>>is a kind of crude measure of complexity, but I think this analysis would
>>hold up if one went through in more detail. 
> 
> 
> I don't think page count is a proper measure of complexity. It may 
> result from either my poor English composition or more mature 
> protocol specification. 
> 
> Also I point out the scheme is implemented with the code size 
> 390 lines for router & 160 lines for host, which, I think, is not 
> too much complicated. We may count code lines instead. 

Please don't count code lines, I've not got the time to program
succinctly :)

Please also be aware that my code contains CPL (on the host side - the
most complicated part), event processing, router solicitation etc...

On the router side, I've implemented FastRA, CompleteRA+Landmarks,
token bucket schemes, new scheduling algorithms for RAs.

It's not an apples-to-apples comparison (although you're free
to peruse the code).

If the text length isn't valid for comparison, and the code lines
aren't either, we'll have to work on the properties exhibited by
the proposals.


>>There's a lot of special case
>>language, extra timers, and extra data structures in LinkID that aren't
>>needed for Landmark Prefix.
> 
> 
> Kindly designate in more detail.  Many new notions in LinkID is also 
> needed in Landmark/ CompleteRA (though in different language). 
> For the case of Linkid lifetime, Landmark/ CompleteRA also adopts
> a similar notion like below. 
> 
>    Prefix information entry MUST be removed from the DNAPrefixList when
>    its valid lifetime expires or if the entry has not been refreshed in
>    the last 1.5 hours.
> 
> Moreover I point out Landmark/ CompleteRA needs more new 
> messages.  

Neither needs more messages. Both define new options and flags.

Protocol-01 only needs an additional option for landmarking.

I've previously described an alternative to the protocol-00, which
used the same option format for DNAO and Landmark option.
This was discussed on the ML and rejected since it unnecessarily
overloaded the function of the DNA and Landmark options.

So while there is an additional option, the agreement on-list
was that things were made simpler by having separate options.
Now having implemented this, I tend to agree (there wasn't
significant additional cost with 2 options - and I'd implemented
both ways).

It's worth mentioning that protocol2-01's issue 007 recommends
adding a LinkID prefix option, anyway.

The DNAO is equivalent to the LPIO, since all native (not learned)
prefixes in PrefixLinkID and CompleteRA are sent in their original
PIO (with a flag for LinkID).

The only difference between LPIO and DNAO is that it is possible
to have up to two fixed sized LPIOs in LinkID, and up to one
variable sized DNAO (only for learned prefixes).  Neither scheme
advertises LPIO or DNAO if the RA already contains all relevant
prefixes.

Arguing that one is more complicated than the other is likely
to be inaccurate, as you're able to ascertain yourself from the
published code.

>>I support selecting Landmark Prefix for the WG draft for DNA.
> 
> 
> Though I am in favor of Linkid, I don't think we have made 
> a proper comparison yet.  

Fair enough.  I think we've got some time to process this still.

Greg



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Date: Tue, 19 Jul 2005 18:10:50 -0700
From: Alper Yegin <alper.yegin@samsung.com>
Subject: RE: [DNA] Revised dna-link-info I-D
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 <F08E178900F39344AC894077E6AF74D1109D6B@esealmw114.eemea.ericsson.se>
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Hi Tero,

How about if we add one more sentence to the end of this paragraph:

   Among these two events the first one to take place after an interface
   becomes enabled MUST be a link up event.  During the time a network
   interface is enabled, it may go through a series of link up and down
   events.  Each time the interface changes its point of attachment, a
   link down event with the previous attachment point MUST be followed
   by a link up event with the new one.  Finally, when the network
   interface is disabled, this MUST generate a link down event.  Each
   one of these events MUST generate a notification in the order they
   occur. Note that, a link down notification MAY NOT be generated
   if an optional tear-down protocol exchange or mechanism is skipped
   prior to performing a handover.


Alper

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Tero Kauppinen (JO/LMF) [mailto:tero.kauppinen@ericsson.com]
> Sent: Tuesday, July 19, 2005 1:15 AM
> To: Alper Yegin; dna@eng.monash.edu.au
> Subject: RE: [DNA] Revised dna-link-info I-D
>=20
> Hi Alper,
>=20
> This has already been discussed on the mailing list, but I wanted to
bring
> it up again anyway.
>=20
> I feel that it's worth noting in the draft (maybe in Section 2.:
"Among
> these two event the first one...) that certain link technologies (I
only
> know of 802.11) don't necessarily produce a link-down event prior a
link-
> up event when the node re-associates with a new AP. If such a
link-down
> event is desirable, it must be generated from the host's stack because
I
> don't think it is realistic to assume that already existing hardware
will
> be updated to produce such events.
>=20
> --
> Tero
>=20
> -----Original Message-----
> From: owner-dna@ecselists.eng.monash.edu.au [mailto:owner-
> dna@ecselists.eng.monash.edu.au] On Behalf Of Alper Yegin
> Sent: 18. hein=E4kuuta 2005 22:03
> To: dna@eng.monash.edu.au
> Subject: [DNA] Revised dna-link-info I-D
>=20
>=20
> Folks,
>=20
> I've had submitted the revised version of the dna-link-info I-D 10
days
> ago, but it hasn't showed up on the IETF repository yet. For that,
> please see a copy of the I-D at the following location:
>=20
> http://yegin.org/IETF/draft-ietf-dna-link-information-02.txt
>=20
> The major changes in this revision include:
>=20
> - New text for IEEE 802.3.
> - Handling multiple 3GPP PDP Contexts.
>=20
> I'd like to take your attention to the changes we needed to make in
> order to accommodate nondeterministic L2 events on Ethernet (e.g.,
link
> is up but the host the network may block data transmission). Please
read
> Section 2 and the entire 2.4 to see the details.
>=20
> Please review and comment before the Paris meeting.
>=20
> Alper
>=20
>=20





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Date: Wed, 20 Jul 2005 11:24:19 +1000
From: Greg Daley <greg.daley@eng.monash.edu.au>
Subject: [DNA] Paris Session update
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Dear DNA WG,

I'm working on the session agenda for Paris.

It will be mainly aimed at getting the charter items progressed.


In the mean time, here is the Date and Time for the DNA session
at IETF 63, based on the current draft agenda:


THURSDAY, August 4, 2005
1400-1630 Afternoon Session I
APP   simple    SIP for Instant Messaging and Presence Leveraging 
Extensions WG
INT   dna       Detecting Network Attachment WG
OPS   mboned    MBONE Deployment WG
RTG   manet     Mobile Ad-hoc Networks WG
SEC   saag      Open Security Area Directorate
TSV   dccp      Datagram Congestion Control Protocol WG
TSV   voipeer   VoIP Peering and Interconnect BOF



Greg



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Date: Wed, 20 Jul 2005 11:14:55 +0900
From: JinHyeock Choi <jinchoe@gmail.com>
Subject: Re: [DNA] Revised FRD (Fast Router Discovery) I-D
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Dear Brett

Thanks for your comments. 

> I just read over your update and have a few observations.
> 
> I see you now have triggering as well as caching.  Triggering seems
> to make good sense when the AR and Point of Attachment (PoA) are
> co-located, but when they are not it seems that you are just
> reinventing RS/RA.  Compared to the host initiating the RS, you
> save one store-and-forward time in the PoA, but that doesn't seem
> like much of a saving for a new protocol.

Triggering is mostly aimed for the case of AR & PoA in one box.
In that case, I see few reason for PoA to proxy an RA. But I think 
that "Triggering" can be even of help in the other case. Right now, 
we're contemplating a scheme which I will present when completed.

> For RA Proxying you have a new option for getting the cached RA,
> but what do you do if there's more than one router on the link?
> Should the PoA cache and forward multiple RAs?  If not, then the
> host may have incomplete information.  It may not have all of the
> prefixes available on the link, and it won't have a complete list
> of potential default routers. To get this additional information
> it will need to send an RS in order to receive the RAs from all
> of the routers on the link.  You end up adding an RA to the overall
> process though admittedly you get that first RA very quickly.

I don't understand your point. DNA solution is supposed to do 
its job with a single RA message. Allow me to quote from DNA
 design team document, 

                                   It was felt that by crafting the
   information in the solicitation and advertisement, a single RS/RA
   exchange should be sufficient for DNA.

So in DNA point of view, I see no problem sending just one RA 
(optimized for DNA).

Thanks in advance for your kind consideration. 

Best Regards

JinHyeock



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Date: Wed, 20 Jul 2005 12:08:05 +0900
From: JinHyeock Choi <jinchoe@gmail.com>
Subject: Re: [DNA] Revised FRD (Fast Router Discovery) I-D
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Dear Tero

Thanks for comments. 

FRD is actually a schema, a collection of schemes. With the 
combination of various sub-components, we can implement 
it in different ways. 

I assume your question concern mostly about RA Proxying with 
Scanning. Am I right? 

> Just a couple of quick questions...
> 
> Should entries in the cache suppose to have the lifetime stated in an
> RA?

No. We don't think it's desirable for PoA to modify an RA, unless
it gets permission from AR. 

> I guess PoA uses sending router's source address to index entries in the
> cache, i.e. if a router sends an updated RA, PoA finds the old entry by
> using the source address (or source link layer address in the option
> field).

Right now, we design the scheme in the simplest way and PoA doesn't 
manage index entries. 

Assume there are two routers on a link, AR1 and AR2. First AR1 
sends RA1 and PoA caches it. Afterwards AR2 sends RA2, then 
PoA substitutes its cached RA with RA2. This doesn't affect DNA 
performance as long as both RA1 and RA2 can properly indicate
link identity, i.e. RA optimized for DNA. 

Also we implemented FRD with with 802.11 AP and it works 
as below. 

1. We implemented FRD module on drives modules of
  netgear AP.

2. FRD module caches a multicast RA
  (multicast in IP point of view)

3. When an MN is attached, FRD module extracts the MN's MAC
  address from the L2 association request message.

4. FRD module combines the MN's MAC address with the cached RA
  to make an unicast L2 frame.
  (But the L2 frame contains a multicast RA.)

5. FRD module sends the unicast L2 frame
  (with the cached multicast RA) to the MN.

6. The MN receives the cached RA (in the unicast L2 frame).
   in average 1.3 ms. 

Thanks for your kind consideration. 

Best Regards

JinHyeock



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Date: Wed, 20 Jul 2005 09:12:20 +0530
From: Syam Madanapalli <syam@samsung.com>
Subject: Re: [DNA] DNA proposal issue 19 - was [Issue	X]LinkIDv.s.LandmarkPrefix
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Hi Sathya,

>><cut>
>>
>>>As I mentioned in the earlier
>>>email, LinkID requires the synchronization of the complete list of
>>>prefixes so that it can choose the least prefix - but LinkID needs
>>>additional synchronization among the routers as to when they chose the
>>>LinkID.
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>To the extent of my knowledge even Landmark method requires the
>>synchronization among routers, otherwise one router may say 'no'
>>and other may say 'yes' for the landmark question.
>>
>>
> Yes - I am sorry I wasn't clear - LinkID, CompleteRA and Landmark
> require the synchronization of the complete list of prefixes by the
> routers - but LinkID MAY need additional synchronization in terms of the
> timing when the LinkID is chosen at each routers. What I mean is that, a
> clear indication that the complete list is collected is needed in the
> LinkID case before the routers can chose the LinkID, while in Landmark
> and CompleteRA -  'as far as I know' these are the prefixes will work
> reasonably well at each router, even when the complete list is a little
> bit off. Some hosts may get conflicting answers with Landmark, but if
> two routers chose different LinkIDs all the hosts in the link will
> receive RA messages with two different LinkIDs and keep changing
> configuration until the synchronization is complete - i.e. the
> synchronization requirement is stronger in the case of LinkID, IMHO.

This is incorrect. The linkid works perfectly with the scenario you 
described.
In the linkid, the host maintains the list of previous linkids which will be 
used
to check if any of one of these was a linkid on the link. So change in 
linkid
does not mean that the host requires reconfiguration.

My current understanding is that the landmark need to synchronize all the
time.

Also linkid does not really require the synchronization all the time if 
router
agree to have same linkid as long as possible. e.g. Router can pick one
with longer valid life time and can continue to have the same linkid till 
the
life time expires. If the prefix lifetime is not renewed then router can 
start
synchronization to select new linkid.

However, I am not saying the linkid is the only perfect solution, rather we
may need to define criteria for the evaluation and then compare the two
schemes against the defined criteria and we need to pick the best solution.

- Syam




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Date: Wed, 20 Jul 2005 10:05:02 +0530
From: Subba Reddy <subbareddy@samsung.com>
Subject: Re: [DNA] DNA proposal issue 19 - was [Issue X] LinkID v.s. Landmark
 Prefix
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Hi Greg,

<cut>

> >>CompleteRA and Prefix Landmarks also both work well even if they share
> >>a link with RFC 2461 (non-DNA) routers.  In either case, the DNA
> >>router is able to answer questions about the prefixes in use by the
> >>legacy routers (CompleteRA readvertises these in the DNAO, and a
> >>Landmark query can be answered easily, regardless of the original
> >>advertisor's DNA status).
> >>
> >>Prefix LinkIDs cannot agree easily with existing non-DNA routers on the
> >>link's identity.
> >
> >
> > It can. It will simply pick the smallest prefix.
>
> Except if the non-DNA routers do not have the smallest prefix
> configured (which was my point).

I think, this is not a problem in linkid scheme. Because hosts will not
consider the RAs
sent by non-DNA routers in finding the link change (if they are using linkid
scheme).
Such RAs will not contain linkid option.

>
> The RAs received from non-DNA routers aren't guaranteed to have
> any prefixes in common with the DNA (LinkID) routers.
> CompleteRA has this at potentially greater prefix advertisement cost.
>
> Greg
>
>

Thanks & Regards,
Subba Reddy




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Subject: RE: [DNA] Revised FRD (Fast Router Discovery) I-D
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Hi JinHyeock,

Here are couple of comments and questions on the FRD scheme...

- "Triggered RA" has dependency on an additional protocol between the AP
and AR. I see now that there are some discussions around that, stemming
from the IEEE 802.21 work. I had a draft on such a protocol a while back
(http://www.watersprings.org/pub/id/draft-yegin-l2-triggers-01.txt)
FYI...

- Have you analyzed what happens when you bypass the "random delay"
mechanisms? They are there for congestion avoidance. 

Thanks,

Alper


> -----Original Message-----
> From: owner-dna@ecselists.eng.monash.edu.au [mailto:owner-
> dna@ecselists.eng.monash.edu.au] On Behalf Of JinHyeock Choi
> Sent: Monday, July 18, 2005 6:15 PM
> To: Greg Daley
> Cc: dna@eng.monash.edu.au
> Subject: [DNA] Revised FRD (Fast Router Discovery) I-D
> 
> Dear DNA WG
> 
> We have updated FRD (Fast Router Discovery) I-D and submitted it.
> 
> This draft presents a quick RA acquisition scheme with the support
> of a link-layer entity, PoA (Point of Attachment). PoA is either
> 802.11 AP or 802.16 BS.
> 
> Upon a new network attachment, a PoA can either trigger a router
> to immediately send an unicast RA ("RA Triggering") or deliver
> such an RA for itself ("RA Proxying").
> 
> We may put 'RA Triggering' or 'RA Proxying' functionality on
> a PoA to get the optimized result.
> 
> Main changes from the previous versions are
>  - We expanded the result to other wireless-link technologies.
>    We added IEEE 802.16. part.
>  - We added RA Triggering part so the scheme doesn't depend
>    solely on "RA Caching" any longer.
>  - We incorporated the IEEE 802.21 (Media Independent Handover)
>    results to realize "RA Triggering" and "RA Proxying"
> 
> The draft doesn't show up on the repository yet but is available at
> 
> http://www.diffeo.com/drafts/draft-jinchoi-dna-frd-01.txt
> 
> Your feedback will be appreciated.
> 
> Thanks in advance for your kind consideration.
> 
> Best Regards
> 
> JinHyeock Choi
> 
> p.s.
> We implemented a scheme in 802.11 AP and measured DNA delay.
> Roughly it takes 1-2 ms for a host to get an RA after L2 association
> is made. More detailed report later.





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Date: Wed, 20 Jul 2005 14:43:53 +1000
From: Greg Daley <greg.daley@eng.monash.edu.au>
Subject: Re: [DNA] DNA proposal issue 19 - was [Issue X] LinkID v.s. Landmark
 Prefix
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Hi Subba,

Subba Reddy wrote:
[cut]
> 
> I think, this is not a problem in linkid scheme. Because hosts will not
> consider the RAs
> sent by non-DNA routers in finding the link change (if they are using linkid
> scheme).
> Such RAs will not contain linkid option.

If the first RA received after link up is a non DNA router,
false change detection will occur.

Greg



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Date: Wed, 20 Jul 2005 10:12:56 +0530
From: Subba Reddy <subbareddy@samsung.com>
Subject: Re: [DNA] DNA proposal issue 19 - was [Issue X] LinkID v.s. Landmark
 Prefix
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Hi Greg,

> Subba Reddy wrote:
> [cut]
> >
> > I think, this is not a problem in linkid scheme. Because hosts will not
> > consider the RAs
> > sent by non-DNA routers in finding the link change (if they are using
linkid
> > scheme).
> > Such RAs will not contain linkid option.
>
> If the first RA received after link up is a non DNA router,
> false change detection will occur.
>

Such RA will not contain linkid option. So host will not make any decision
based on that RA (in linkid scheme).

> Greg
>
>

Thanks & Regards,
Subba Reddy




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From: Greg Daley <greg.daley@eng.monash.edu.au>
Subject: Re: [DNA] DNA proposal issue 19 - was [Issue X] LinkID v.s. Landmark
 Prefix
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Hi Subba,

These are some fairly fast exchanges, but may be getting somewhere...
Please excuse my terseness.

Subba Reddy wrote:
> Hi Greg,
> 
> 
>>Subba Reddy wrote:
>>[cut]
>>
>>>I think, this is not a problem in linkid scheme. Because hosts will not
>>>consider the RAs
>>>sent by non-DNA routers in finding the link change (if they are using
> 
> linkid
> 
>>>scheme).
>>>Such RAs will not contain linkid option.
>>
>>If the first RA received after link up is a non DNA router,
>>false change detection will occur.
>>
> 
> 
> Such RA will not contain linkid option. So host will not make any decision
> based on that RA (in linkid scheme).

So how does LinkID work when transiting to networks with non-DNA
routers?  Does it rely on building CPL in the period where
the host remained on the previous link?

Greg



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Date: Wed, 20 Jul 2005 07:14:48 +0200
From: "Tero Kauppinen (JO/LMF)" <tero.kauppinen@ericsson.com>
Subject: RE: [DNA] Revised dna-link-info I-D
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Hi Alper,

>Hi Tero,
>
>How about if we add one more sentence to the end of this paragraph:
>
>   Among these two events the first one to take place after an interface
>   becomes enabled MUST be a link up event.  During the time a network
>   interface is enabled, it may go through a series of link up and down
>   events.  Each time the interface changes its point of attachment, a
>   link down event with the previous attachment point MUST be followed
>   by a link up event with the new one.  Finally, when the network
>   interface is disabled, this MUST generate a link down event.  Each
>   one of these events MUST generate a notification in the order they
>   occur. Note that, a link down notification MAY NOT be generated
>   if an optional tear-down protocol exchange or mechanism is skipped
>   prior to performing a handover.

Yep, that's perfect.

/Tero
>Alper
>
> -----Original Message-----
> From: Tero Kauppinen (JO/LMF) [mailto:tero.kauppinen@ericsson.com]
> Sent: Tuesday, July 19, 2005 1:15 AM
> To: Alper Yegin; dna@eng.monash.edu.au
> Subject: RE: [DNA] Revised dna-link-info I-D
>=20
> Hi Alper,
>=20
> This has already been discussed on the mailing list, but I wanted to
bring
> it up again anyway.
>=20
> I feel that it's worth noting in the draft (maybe in Section 2.:
"Among
> these two event the first one...) that certain link technologies (I
only
> know of 802.11) don't necessarily produce a link-down event prior a
link-
> up event when the node re-associates with a new AP. If such a
link-down
> event is desirable, it must be generated from the host's stack because
I
> don't think it is realistic to assume that already existing hardware
will
> be updated to produce such events.
>=20
> --
> Tero
>=20
> -----Original Message-----
> From: owner-dna@ecselists.eng.monash.edu.au [mailto:owner-
> dna@ecselists.eng.monash.edu.au] On Behalf Of Alper Yegin
> Sent: 18. hein=E4kuuta 2005 22:03
> To: dna@eng.monash.edu.au
> Subject: [DNA] Revised dna-link-info I-D
>=20
>=20
> Folks,
>=20
> I've had submitted the revised version of the dna-link-info I-D 10
days
> ago, but it hasn't showed up on the IETF repository yet. For that,
> please see a copy of the I-D at the following location:
>=20
> http://yegin.org/IETF/draft-ietf-dna-link-information-02.txt
>=20
> The major changes in this revision include:
>=20
> - New text for IEEE 802.3.
> - Handling multiple 3GPP PDP Contexts.
>=20
> I'd like to take your attention to the changes we needed to make in
> order to accommodate nondeterministic L2 events on Ethernet (e.g.,
link
> is up but the host the network may block data transmission). Please
read
> Section 2 and the entire 2.4 to see the details.
>=20
> Please review and comment before the Paris meeting.
>=20
> Alper
>=20
>=20





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Date: Wed, 20 Jul 2005 15:36:42 +1000
From: Brett Pentland <brett.pentland@eng.monash.edu.au>
Subject: Re: [DNA] Bootstrapping router knowledge for landmark-based DNA
 proposal
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>>Yes, if that covered all cases it would be simpler not to need RSs, but
>>there is no guarantee that there will be any unsolicited RAs from the
>>other routers on the link before the 15 sec expiry.  If that doesn't
>>happen, then the router will start behaving as a full DNA router before
>>it has complete information and may thus answser requests incorrectly.
>>
> 
> 
> I assume you are thinking of nonDNA routers, because if we specify something
> from DNA routers, then there will be a high probability that something will
> come through, since the retransmits should ensure it in the face of drops,
> right?

Sorry, I guess I didn't explain the scenario I was thinking of well
enough.  If a DNA router bootstraps on a link that already has fully
bootstrapped DNA routers on it, there is no guarantee that the existing
routers will send any RAs during the new router's bootstrap period.
Unsolicited RAs might be minutes apart.  The only way that they can tell
that there is a new router is by the RAs it sends.  I guess we could use
those to trigger the sending of RAs, but the existing router discovery
method for soliciting RAs is with an RS.

Does that make sense?
Brett.



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Date: Wed, 20 Jul 2005 11:20:10 +0530
From: Subba Reddy <subbareddy@samsung.com>
Subject: Re: [DNA] DNA proposal issue 19 - was [Issue X] LinkID v.s. Landmark
 Prefix
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Cc: JinHyeock Choi <jinchoe@gmail.com>,
        Brett Pentland <brett.pentland@eng.monash.edu.au>,
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Hi Greg,

>
> These are some fairly fast exchanges, but may be getting somewhere...
> Please excuse my terseness.

I can understand. No problem.

>
> Subba Reddy wrote:
> > Hi Greg,
> >
> >
> >>Subba Reddy wrote:
> >>[cut]
> >>
> >>>I think, this is not a problem in linkid scheme. Because hosts will not
> >>>consider the RAs
> >>>sent by non-DNA routers in finding the link change (if they are using
> >
> > linkid
> >
> >>>scheme).
> >>>Such RAs will not contain linkid option.
> >>
> >>If the first RA received after link up is a non DNA router,
> >>false change detection will occur.
> >>
> >
> >
> > Such RA will not contain linkid option. So host will not make any
decision
> > based on that RA (in linkid scheme).
>
> So how does LinkID work when transiting to networks with non-DNA
> routers?  Does it rely on building CPL in the period where
> the host remained on the previous link?
>

Yes.

Section 4.2 of the linkid draft (version 00/01) says

"...
   After one RS/ RA exchange, i.e. 4 secs after RS transmission, if no
   RA with a linkid prefix arrives, the host assumes it is at a non DNA
   link and falls back on CPL [9].
..."


> Greg
>

Thanks & Regards,
Subba Reddy




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Date: Wed, 20 Jul 2005 14:52:45 +0900
From: JinHyeock Choi <jinchoe@gmail.com>
Subject: Re: [DNA] Revised FRD (Fast Router Discovery) I-D
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Tero

> I also started wondering how the solution works with SEND and especially
> when the timestamp and nonce options are present.
> 
> In addition what if the router(s) is/are configured to send RAs
> relatively seldom, say once every 60 minutes, would it be required that
> the PoA decreases prefix lifetimes in the cached entries? Just
> wondering...

Good point. This is tricky part but, we think, isn't insurmountable. 
Our line of thoughts are as below. 

First, we checked with people who run IPv6 router and heard that usually
RA information is static. Once configured, the same RA is sent over and 
over again. Usually RA doens't change its information. So I think for the 
most case the scheme is ok. 

Second, for the case RA having a kind of timer value, we can use the 
following trick. PoA may keep checking the validity of the cached RA 
and before timer expires, send an RS to refresh the cached RA. 

But this seems complicated and the simplest & safest solution may be 
to establish a kind of secure path between AR and PoA wish a kind
of scheme described in MICS section. 

Thanks in advance for your kind consideration. 

Best Regards

JinHyeock



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Subject: RE: [DNA] Revised FRD (Fast Router Discovery) I-D
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Hello JinHyeock,

Thanks for the answers. There is an additional question below.

>I assume your question concern mostly about RA Proxying with 
>Scanning. Am I right?

Correct.

> > Just a couple of quick questions...
> >
> > Should entries in the cache suppose to have the lifetime stated in
an
> > RA?
> 
> No. We don't think it's desirable for PoA to modify an RA, unless
> it gets permission from AR.

Ok. I was just thinking how long PoA should keep an entry in the cache.
Unlike it the second mail sent later, at this point I was not wondering
should the lifetime in the cached entry also be decreased.

> 
> > I guess PoA uses sending router's source address to index entries in
the
> > cache, i.e. if a router sends an updated RA, PoA finds the old entry
by
> > using the source address (or source link layer address in the option
> > field).
> 
> Right now, we design the scheme in the simplest way and PoA doesn't
> manage index entries.
> 
> Assume there are two routers on a link, AR1 and AR2. First AR1
> sends RA1 and PoA caches it. Afterwards AR2 sends RA2, then
> PoA substitutes its cached RA with RA2. This doesn't affect DNA
> performance as long as both RA1 and RA2 can properly indicate
> link identity, i.e. RA optimized for DNA.

Oh, I see. There is only one cached entry instead of multiple entries
(i.e. RAs from different APs).

/Tero 



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Date: Wed, 20 Jul 2005 11:27:51 +0530
From: Syam Madanapalli <syam@samsung.com>
Subject: Re: [DNA] DNA proposal issue 19 - was [Issue X] LinkID v.s. Landmark
 Prefix
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----- Original Message ----- 
From: "Greg Daley" <greg.daley@eng.monash.edu.au>
To: "Subba Reddy" <subbareddy@samsung.com>
Cc: "JinHyeock Choi" <jinchoe@gmail.com>; "Brett Pentland" 
<brett.pentland@eng.monash.edu.au>; "James Kempf" 
<Kempf@docomolabs-usa.com>; "Dna" <dna@eng.monash.edu.au>
Sent: Wednesday, July 20, 2005 10:24 AM
Subject: Re: [DNA] DNA proposal issue 19 - was [Issue X] LinkID v.s. 
Landmark Prefix


> Hi Subba,
>
> These are some fairly fast exchanges, but may be getting somewhere...
> Please excuse my terseness.
>
> Subba Reddy wrote:
>> Hi Greg,
>>
>>
>>>Subba Reddy wrote:
>>>[cut]
>>>
>>>>I think, this is not a problem in linkid scheme. Because hosts will not
>>>>consider the RAs
>>>>sent by non-DNA routers in finding the link change (if they are using
>>
>> linkid
>>
>>>>scheme).
>>>>Such RAs will not contain linkid option.
>>>
>>>If the first RA received after link up is a non DNA router,
>>>false change detection will occur.
>>>
>>
>>
>> Such RA will not contain linkid option. So host will not make any 
>> decision
>> based on that RA (in linkid scheme).
>
> So how does LinkID work when transiting to networks with non-DNA
> routers?  Does it rely on building CPL in the period where
> the host remained on the previous link?

Yes, it has to fall back to CPL if it is a non-DNA link without
any DNA routers. I think this is also true with the Landmark
approach.

>
> Greg
>
> 




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Date: Wed, 20 Jul 2005 16:01:35 +1000
From: Greg Daley <greg.daley@eng.monash.edu.au>
Subject: Re: [DNA] Revised FRD (Fast Router Discovery) I-D
In-reply-to: 
 <F08E178900F39344AC894077E6AF74D1109D6F@esealmw114.eemea.ericsson.se>
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Hi Tero,

Tero Kauppinen (JO/LMF) wrote:
> Hi again,
> 
> I also started wondering how the solution works with SEND and especially
> when the timestamp and nonce options are present.
> 
> In addition what if the router(s) is/are configured to send RAs
> relatively seldom, say once every 60 minutes, would it be required that
> the PoA decreases prefix lifetimes in the cached entries? Just
> wondering...


I've done an analysis on this (which may yet have flaws) and there
are some tricky issues with the caching and SEND.

With SEND, the options cannot be modified by an intervening device
(as it doesn't have the CGA private key), so all RA contents remain
the same, including lifetime and SEND Timestamp options.

With the existing SEND specification, differences in clocks between
a host and a router are accounted for by allowing the first RA
to arrive with an allowed window.  This defaults to +-300 seconds
(from section 5.3.4.2/10.2 of RFC3971).

Therefore the cache cannot last beyond 5 minutes (without even
accounting for different clocks) by default.

The Receiver's timelog - RDlast (and the received timestamp TSlast) of
the first RA message are then stored for comparison, and new RAs
are tested against the following inequality (the newly received
timestamp option containing TSnew, and the reception time on the
host being RDnew), only those new RAs conforming to the following
inequality are acceptable as fresh SEND RAs (sec 5.4.3.2):


TSnew + fuzz > TSlast + (RDnew - RDlast) x (1 - drift) - fuzz


The drift and fuzz factors being defined as the maximum rate of
clock drift, and the maximum (absolute) value variation in
reception of individual packets across a link, respectively.

Using the defaults from section 10.2 (in seconds):

TSnew - TSlast > 0.99x(RDnew - RDlast) - 2

Upon the first reception of a non-cached RA (after the cached RA),
TSnew - TSlast will be greater than RDnew - RDlast, since
(assuming minimal clock skew over the period):

RDnew - RDlast = delta_t
TSnew - TSlast = delta_t + t_cache

This then is an accepted RA, as the inequality holds.  Such an RA
updates the RDlast and TSlast timers with the fresh RA's information
(as described in 5.3.4.2 of SEND).

Where either the first received RA was non-cached, and had an up-to-date
timestamp, or a later uncached RA updated the RDlast and TSlast
parameters as described above, the situation is not as clear cut.

Any subsequently received cached RA will be delayed by t_cache'.

Therefore, in this case:

RDnew' - RDlast' = delta_t'
TSnew' - TSlast' = delta_t' - t_cache'

Using the inequality above (again assuming no significant skew)

delta_t' - t_cache' > 0.99 x delta_t' -2

which implies:

t_cache' <= 0.01 x delta_t' + 2

So the cache time has to be less than 2 seconds plus 1% of the
interval between received RAs in order to be accepted as a fresh
RA by the SEND host.

This affects subsequent RA reception when transiting to the
new PoAs within the same link.

It also affects the return of a node to a previously visited
link for which it has previously received SEND messages
(with parameters and Timestamps).  As described in sections
5.3.4, 9.2.5 (and Appendix B) of SEND, hosts are likely to
keep such information beyond the lifetime of a particular
neighbour cache entry in order to prevent replay attacks.

So long as the SEND timer information is kept, return to
a link will ignore a Cached RA (if the cache duration is
outside the boundaries of the skew and fuzz factors for SEND).

I'm still not quite sure about this analysis, so I'd appreciate
feedback on the issue.

Greg



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Date: Wed, 20 Jul 2005 16:02:22 +1000
From: Greg Daley <greg.daley@eng.monash.edu.au>
Subject: Re: [DNA] DNA proposal issue 19 - was [Issue X] LinkID v.s. Landmark
 Prefix
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Hi Subba,

Subba Reddy wrote:
[cut]
>>
>>So how does LinkID work when transiting to networks with non-DNA
>>routers?  Does it rely on building CPL in the period where
>>the host remained on the previous link?
>>
> 
> 
> Yes.
> 
> Section 4.2 of the linkid draft (version 00/01) says
> 
> "...
>    After one RS/ RA exchange, i.e. 4 secs after RS transmission, if no
>    RA with a linkid prefix arrives, the host assumes it is at a non DNA
>    link and falls back on CPL [9].
> ..."
> 
Thanks,

Greg



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From: "Tero Kauppinen (JO/LMF)" <tero.kauppinen@ericsson.com>
Subject: RE: [DNA] Revised FRD (Fast Router Discovery) I-D
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Hi Greg,

> Hi Tero,
> 
> Tero Kauppinen (JO/LMF) wrote:
> > Hi again,
> >
> > I also started wondering how the solution works with SEND and
especially
> > when the timestamp and nonce options are present.
> >
> > In addition what if the router(s) is/are configured to send RAs
> > relatively seldom, say once every 60 minutes, would it be required
that
> > the PoA decreases prefix lifetimes in the cached entries? Just
> > wondering...
> 
> 
> I've done an analysis on this (which may yet have flaws) and there
> are some tricky issues with the caching and SEND.
> 
> With SEND, the options cannot be modified by an intervening device
> (as it doesn't have the CGA private key), so all RA contents remain
> the same, including lifetime and SEND Timestamp options.

True. The later question was actually meant for the case when SEND is
not applied / available. I should have stated that in the sentence,
though. :(

Thanks for the detailed description.

Tero

> 
> With the existing SEND specification, differences in clocks between
> a host and a router are accounted for by allowing the first RA
> to arrive with an allowed window.  This defaults to +-300 seconds
> (from section 5.3.4.2/10.2 of RFC3971).
> 
> Therefore the cache cannot last beyond 5 minutes (without even
> accounting for different clocks) by default.
> 
> The Receiver's timelog - RDlast (and the received timestamp TSlast) of
> the first RA message are then stored for comparison, and new RAs
> are tested against the following inequality (the newly received
> timestamp option containing TSnew, and the reception time on the
> host being RDnew), only those new RAs conforming to the following
> inequality are acceptable as fresh SEND RAs (sec 5.4.3.2):
> 
> 
> TSnew + fuzz > TSlast + (RDnew - RDlast) x (1 - drift) - fuzz
> 
> 
> The drift and fuzz factors being defined as the maximum rate of
> clock drift, and the maximum (absolute) value variation in
> reception of individual packets across a link, respectively.
> 
> Using the defaults from section 10.2 (in seconds):
> 
> TSnew - TSlast > 0.99x(RDnew - RDlast) - 2
> 
> Upon the first reception of a non-cached RA (after the cached RA),
> TSnew - TSlast will be greater than RDnew - RDlast, since
> (assuming minimal clock skew over the period):
> 
> RDnew - RDlast = delta_t
> TSnew - TSlast = delta_t + t_cache
> 
> This then is an accepted RA, as the inequality holds.  Such an RA
> updates the RDlast and TSlast timers with the fresh RA's information
> (as described in 5.3.4.2 of SEND).
> 
> Where either the first received RA was non-cached, and had an
up-to-date
> timestamp, or a later uncached RA updated the RDlast and TSlast
> parameters as described above, the situation is not as clear cut.
> 
> Any subsequently received cached RA will be delayed by t_cache'.
> 
> Therefore, in this case:
> 
> RDnew' - RDlast' = delta_t'
> TSnew' - TSlast' = delta_t' - t_cache'
> 
> Using the inequality above (again assuming no significant skew)
> 
> delta_t' - t_cache' > 0.99 x delta_t' -2
> 
> which implies:
> 
> t_cache' <= 0.01 x delta_t' + 2
> 
> So the cache time has to be less than 2 seconds plus 1% of the
> interval between received RAs in order to be accepted as a fresh
> RA by the SEND host.
> 
> This affects subsequent RA reception when transiting to the
> new PoAs within the same link.
> 
> It also affects the return of a node to a previously visited
> link for which it has previously received SEND messages
> (with parameters and Timestamps).  As described in sections
> 5.3.4, 9.2.5 (and Appendix B) of SEND, hosts are likely to
> keep such information beyond the lifetime of a particular
> neighbour cache entry in order to prevent replay attacks.
> 
> So long as the SEND timer information is kept, return to
> a link will ignore a Cached RA (if the cache duration is
> outside the boundaries of the skew and fuzz factors for SEND).
> 
> I'm still not quite sure about this analysis, so I'd appreciate
> feedback on the issue.
> 
> Greg



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Date: Wed, 20 Jul 2005 16:11:01 +1000
From: Greg Daley <greg.daley@eng.monash.edu.au>
Subject: Re: [DNA] DNA proposal issue 19 - was [Issue X] LinkID v.s. Landmark
 Prefix
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Hi Syam,

Syam Madanapalli wrote:
[cut]
> 
> 
> Yes, it has to fall back to CPL if it is a non-DNA link without
> any DNA routers. I think this is also true with the Landmark
> approach.

But only if the original landmark system didn't include a CompleteRA,
which was the point of my comparison.

(I've been mainly been comparing CompleteRA and LinkID because
of their similar properties).

Greg




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From: Brett Pentland <brett.pentland@eng.monash.edu.au>
Subject: Re: [DNA] Revised FRD (Fast Router Discovery) I-D
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Hi JinHyeock,

>>For RA Proxying you have a new option for getting the cached RA,
>>but what do you do if there's more than one router on the link?
>>Should the PoA cache and forward multiple RAs?  If not, then the
>>host may have incomplete information.  It may not have all of the
>>prefixes available on the link, and it won't have a complete list
>>of potential default routers. To get this additional information
>>it will need to send an RS in order to receive the RAs from all
>>of the routers on the link.  You end up adding an RA to the overall
>>process though admittedly you get that first RA very quickly.
> 
> 
> I don't understand your point. DNA solution is supposed to do 
> its job with a single RA message. Allow me to quote from DNA
>  design team document, 
> 
>                                    It was felt that by crafting the
>    information in the solicitation and advertisement, a single RS/RA
>    exchange should be sufficient for DNA.
> 
> So in DNA point of view, I see no problem sending just one RA 
> (optimized for DNA).

You've answered my question in your email to Tero - only the most
recent RA is cached (and it will change frequently if there are
multiple routers on the link).

You are right that DNA only needs a single RA, and a decision about
configuration can be made immediately after that RA, but router
discovery may require more than that.  Section 6.3.7 of RFC 2461
notes that unsolicited RAs may be incomplete and that upon reception
of one before having sent an RS, that the host SHOULD send an RS.
Thus we end up with an RS and its associated RAs, plus the additional
original unsolicited RA.

This doesn't affect the speed of DNA but does add to the total packet
exchange.

Brett.



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Date: Wed, 20 Jul 2005 10:34:30 +0200
From: "Tero Kauppinen (JO/LMF)" <tero.kauppinen@ericsson.com>
Subject: RE: [DNA] Revised FRD (Fast Router Discovery) I-D
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> > I also started wondering how the solution works with SEND and
especially
> > when the timestamp and nonce options are present.

I think it would be worth mentioning somewhere, maybe along with the
sentence:

"the PoA needs to cache a suitable RA, such as 'RA optimized for DNA'
defined in [5]."

that RAs with the SEND nonce option can't be cached while the ones with
timestamps can be cached only for a certain duration of time. Greg seems
to have an idea about a proper duration.

/Tero



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Date: Wed, 20 Jul 2005 03:59:51 -0700
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Subject: Re: [DNA] Bootstrapping router knowledge for landmark-based DNA
 proposal
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Greg Daley wrote:
>> We should clarify that such landmark options are a no-op, i.e. that 
>> they don't change any state on the receiver (since they have no 
>> semantic value).
> 
> 
> Yes, and then also tell routers not to send them.
> 
> Is that the agreement?

Works for me.

   Erik




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Date: Wed, 20 Jul 2005 13:45:59 -0400
From: Sathya Narayanan <sathya@research.panasonic.com>
Subject: Re: [DNA] DNA proposal issue 19 -	was	[Issue	X]LinkIDv.s.LandmarkPrefix
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Hi Syam -

Even though I still feel that the synchronization requirement for the
LinkID scheme is stronger, I will concede that the difference is not
very high. So, in conclusion, the synchronization requirement and
complexity for Landmark, CompleteRA and LinkID are the same - all three
of them require that all the routers on the link know about all the
prefixes on the link within a reasonable time - the difference is only
in the content of the RS/RA messages. Do you agree?

- Sathya

> Hi Sathya,
>
>>> <cut>
>>>
>>>> As I mentioned in the earlier
>>>> email, LinkID requires the synchronization of the complete list of
>>>> prefixes so that it can choose the least prefix - but LinkID needs
>>>> additional synchronization among the routers as to when they chose the
>>>> LinkID.
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>
>>> To the extent of my knowledge even Landmark method requires the
>>> synchronization among routers, otherwise one router may say 'no'
>>> and other may say 'yes' for the landmark question.
>>>
>>>
>> Yes - I am sorry I wasn't clear - LinkID, CompleteRA and Landmark
>> require the synchronization of the complete list of prefixes by the
>> routers - but LinkID MAY need additional synchronization in terms of the
>> timing when the LinkID is chosen at each routers. What I mean is that, a
>> clear indication that the complete list is collected is needed in the
>> LinkID case before the routers can chose the LinkID, while in Landmark
>> and CompleteRA -  'as far as I know' these are the prefixes will work
>> reasonably well at each router, even when the complete list is a little
>> bit off. Some hosts may get conflicting answers with Landmark, but if
>> two routers chose different LinkIDs all the hosts in the link will
>> receive RA messages with two different LinkIDs and keep changing
>> configuration until the synchronization is complete - i.e. the
>> synchronization requirement is stronger in the case of LinkID, IMHO.
>
>
> This is incorrect. The linkid works perfectly with the scenario you
> described.
> In the linkid, the host maintains the list of previous linkids which
> will be used
> to check if any of one of these was a linkid on the link. So change in
> linkid
> does not mean that the host requires reconfiguration.
>
> My current understanding is that the landmark need to synchronize all the
> time.
>
> Also linkid does not really require the synchronization all the time
> if router
> agree to have same linkid as long as possible. e.g. Router can pick one
> with longer valid life time and can continue to have the same linkid
> till the
> life time expires. If the prefix lifetime is not renewed then router
> can start
> synchronization to select new linkid.
>
> However, I am not saying the linkid is the only perfect solution,
> rather we
> may need to define criteria for the evaluation and then compare the two
> schemes against the defined criteria and we need to pick the best
> solution.
>
> - Syam
>




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From: James Kempf <Kempf@docomolabs-usa.com>
Subject: Re: [DNA] Bootstrapping router knowledge for landmark-based DNA
 proposal
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> Sorry, I guess I didn't explain the scenario I was thinking of well
> enough.  If a DNA router bootstraps on a link that already has fully
> bootstrapped DNA routers on it, there is no guarantee that the existing
> routers will send any RAs during the new router's bootstrap period.
> Unsolicited RAs might be minutes apart.  The only way that they can tell
> that there is a new router is by the RAs it sends.  I guess we could use
> those to trigger the sending of RAs, but the existing router discovery
> method for soliciting RAs is with an RS.
>

What I am specifically concerned about is that hosts can disrupt the
bootstrap by sending too many RSs. The bootstrapping router or routers are
going to have to multicast retransmit RSs to All_Routers_Multicast anyway to
account for drops, in order to exchange information among themselves. If
lots of hosts start multicasting RSs also, it could push the routers' token
bucket algorithm into the multicast region. Note that this can even happen
without intent (i.e. not as a result of a DoS attack) during a full link
bootstrap.

Do you think there might be some way to overcome this problem using RSs to
solicit?

            jak





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From: Brett Pentland <brett.pentland@eng.monash.edu.au>
Subject: Re: [DNA] Bootstrapping router knowledge for landmark-based DNA
 proposal
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James Kempf wrote:
>>Sorry, I guess I didn't explain the scenario I was thinking of well
>>enough.  If a DNA router bootstraps on a link that already has fully
>>bootstrapped DNA routers on it, there is no guarantee that the existing
>>routers will send any RAs during the new router's bootstrap period.
>>Unsolicited RAs might be minutes apart.  The only way that they can tell
>>that there is a new router is by the RAs it sends.  I guess we could use
>>those to trigger the sending of RAs, but the existing router discovery
>>method for soliciting RAs is with an RS.
>>
> 
> 
> What I am specifically concerned about is that hosts can disrupt the
> bootstrap by sending too many RSs. The bootstrapping router or routers are
> going to have to multicast retransmit RSs to All_Routers_Multicast anyway to
> account for drops, in order to exchange information among themselves. If
> lots of hosts start multicasting RSs also, it could push the routers' token
> bucket algorithm into the multicast region. Note that this can even happen
> without intent (i.e. not as a result of a DoS attack) during a full link
> bootstrap.
> 
> Do you think there might be some way to overcome this problem using RSs to
> solicit?

I don't think it's actually a problem.  In that case there's a large
number of RSs - enough to exhaust the token buckets in the bootstrapped
routers - and they fall back to multicasting RAs which will be
scheduled for within 3 seconds.  The end result is that the
bootstrapping router receives the RAs during its bootstrapping period.

Brett.



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From: Brett Pentland <brett.pentland@eng.monash.edu.au>
Subject: [DNA] Version -01 of the landmark-based DNA solution draft
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Dear DNA group,

I mentioned a couple of days ago in the thread on bootstrapping
router information that we had posted a new version of the
landmark-based DNA solution draft.

It now appears in the IETF drafts repo:

http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-pentland-dna-protocol-01.txt

All comments appreciated.
Brett.



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Date: Wed, 20 Jul 2005 12:10:19 -0700
From: Erik Nordmark <erik.nordmark@sun.com>
Subject: Re: [DNA] Bootstrapping router knowledge for landmark-based DNA
 proposal
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James Kempf wrote:

> RFC 2461 (and RFC 2461bis) has this to say about boot time sending of
> unsolicited RAs (Section 6.2.4):
> 
>    For the first few advertisements (up to
>    MAX_INITIAL_RTR_ADVERTISEMENTS) sent from an interface when it
>    becomes an advertising interface, if the randomly chosen interval is
>    greater than MAX_INITIAL_RTR_ADVERT_INTERVAL, the timer SHOULD be set
>    to MAX_INITIAL_RTR_ADVERT_INTERVAL instead.  Using a smaller interval
>    for the initial advertisements increases the likelihood of a router
>    being discovered quickly when it first becomes available, in the
>    presence of possible packet loss.

The above RAs help to let the routers already present find out about a 
newly arriving/booting router, but it doesn't let the new guy find out 
about the routers that were already present on the link.

For the second part it seems to be that the new router needs to send 
something which triggers the other routers to send their RAs. That 
sounds like an RS to me.

    Erik




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From: Erik Nordmark <erik.nordmark@sun.com>
Subject: Re: [DNA] Re: About draft-ietf-dna-cpl-00.txt
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Greg Daley wrote:

> I think that the problem in DNA comes (primarily) where there's
> lingering state in the network: a host or router which hasn't seen
> the zero lifetime retraction.
> 
> A zero lifetime retraction is a valid mechanism, but intermittently
> connected hosts may not receive the notification that the prefix is
> no longer connected.

Yes, there are issues even with intermittently connected hosts that 
don't move. Such a host might hear a prefix with a preferred lifetime of 
7 days, and then never hear anything more about that prefix, even though 
the prefix might have been announced with a preferred and valid lifetime 
of zero for a while (when the host wasn't connected). There is a fix to 
this (keep announcing the prefix with a lifetime of zero until its 
original "expiration" time passes).
However, such a fix wouldn't help with DNA, since the host might attach 
to a different link and not the same link.

> I'd like to sit and think for a little while and determine if there's
> a completely safe way to handle knowledge used for CPL (or CompleteRA
> etc.) without facing the danger that the prefixes will be classified
> as belonging to one link (when in fact they belong to two, from two
> different times).

Let me know if you come up with something.

> This shouldn't hamper progression of CPL at the moment.

ok

> Do you think we may need a short PS after IETF?

I'm not sure.

    Erik



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Date: Thu, 21 Jul 2005 10:20:59 +0530
From: Syam Madanapalli <syam@samsung.com>
Subject: [DNA] Updated draft: draft-jinchoi-dna-protocol2-01
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Dear DNA WG,

We have updated the Linkid Prefix draft and it is available in the 
Internet Drafts repository at
http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-jinchoi-dna-protocol2-01.txt

The main changes from -00 are:

1. Updated Section 3.5 Graceful linkid prefix change for a 
    case where the linkid prefix is not advertised in the last 1.5 hrs.

2. Added two new issues: one for defining new option in RS
    to carry the linkid and other one for new criteria for selecting
    the linkid

Please provide your review comments.

Thank you,
Syam




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Date: Thu, 21 Jul 2005 14:09:39 +0900
From: JinHyeock Choi <jinchoe@gmail.com>
Subject: Re: [DNA] DNA proposal issue 19 - was [Issue X] LinkID v.s.
 LandmarkPrefix
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Sathya

Sorry for a late reply. After FRD completeion, I am still busy 
catching up baglog mails. 

> I don't think this is accurate in comparison to synchronizing for
> prefix-LinkID. Prefix LinkID requires the completeRA list to be
> synchronized in each of the routers so that the least prefix can be
> selected from the list as LinkID. So the synchronization/bandwidth
> requirements are the same for both CompleteRA and Prefix LinkID. 

I may not be clear. 

The difficulty in synchronization lies in when a prefix is added or 
removed. There is a scheme for graceful linkid change in Linkid but, 
correct me wrong, nothing like that in Landmark/ CompleteRA. 

I remember that DT discussed much about the flapping 
probmem in CompleteRA synchronization difficulty (w.r.t the prefix 
number) in 'CompleteRA Polished' thread. 

Best Regards

JinHyeock



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Date: Thu, 21 Jul 2005 14:15:10 +0900
From: JinHyeock Choi <jinchoe@gmail.com>
Subject: Re: [DNA] DNA proposal issue 19 - was [Issue X] LinkID
 v.s.LandmarkPrefix
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Sathya

> >Kindly see the Issue 007 of Linkid-01 draft. With Linkid prefix option 
> >for RS message, Linkid can achieve the same bandwidth saving. 
> >(But I can't be sure that it's worthwhile.)
> >  
> I am surprised - this issue is basically suggesting the adoption of
> prefix landmark into the prefix LinkID solution. If this change is made
> to LinkID, then the second proposal becomes Prefix Landmark + Prefix
> LinkID, as Greg suggested. But, your response to Greg's email seem to
> suggest that you don't like that combination.

My mail doesn't seem to be as clear as I had expected. I ask your 
kind understanding.  

I introduced Linkid prefix option only to reduce bandwidth. The answer 
will be always a RA with LinkID and Linkid + Landmark was not intended. 

I'd like to say Linkid is a complete solution by itself and can work without 
Landmark. If LinkID + Landmark brings forth benefits exceeding the added 
complexity, it's ok for me but such a benefits are not clear to me yet. 

Thanks in advance for your kind consideration. 

Best Regards

JinHyeock



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Date: Thu, 21 Jul 2005 14:18:30 +0900
From: JinHyeock Choi <jinchoe@gmail.com>
Subject: Re: [DNA] DNA proposal issue 19 - was [Issue X] LinkID
 v.s.LandmarkPrefix
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I'd like to clarify the previous mail. 

"The answer will be always a RA with LinkID" 

means

"Upon solicited, routers always reply an RA with LinkID 
and don't use Yes/No indicaiton." 

Best Regards

JinHyeock



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From: Greg Daley <greg.daley@eng.monash.edu.au>
Subject: Re: [DNA] DNA proposal issue 19 - was [Issue X] LinkID v.s.
 LandmarkPrefix
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Hi JinHyeock,

JinHyeock Choi wrote:
> Sathya
> 
> Sorry for a late reply. After FRD completeion, I am still busy 
> catching up baglog mails. 
> 
> 
>>I don't think this is accurate in comparison to synchronizing for
>>prefix-LinkID. Prefix LinkID requires the completeRA list to be
>>synchronized in each of the routers so that the least prefix can be
>>selected from the list as LinkID. So the synchronization/bandwidth
>>requirements are the same for both CompleteRA and Prefix LinkID. 
> 
> 
> I may not be clear. 
> 
> The difficulty in synchronization lies in when a prefix is added or 
> removed. There is a scheme for graceful linkid change in Linkid but, 
> correct me wrong, nothing like that in Landmark/ CompleteRA. 

I think that there's no scheme defined in Landmark/CompleteRA,
but (in my guess) the choice of the scheme itself will significantly
affect whether particular "config" change management (rather than link
change management) schemes are needed.

> I remember that DT discussed much about the flapping 
> probmem in CompleteRA synchronization difficulty (w.r.t the prefix 
> number) in 'CompleteRA Polished' thread. 

Thanks for the pointer to this thread.

I think there are two or three related threads:

Complete RA Polished
http://www.ctie.monash.edu.au/warchive/dna-dt/2005-03/msg00157.html

Complete RA Re-polished
http://www.ctie.monash.edu.au/warchive/dna-dt/2005-04/msg00009.html

LinkID Polished
http://www.ctie.monash.edu.au/warchive/dna-dt/2005-04/msg00097.html
and
http://www.ctie.monash.edu.au/warchive/dna-dt/2005-04/threads.html


It's good to know that there's been so much work on this (and
that everyone can read it).

There were a lot of differences between individual schemes
as portrayed before (in April) and now though.  This may
affect the way prefix addition or subtraction works.

Given the individual current schemes though, let's try to characterise
the effects of addition or substraction of prefixes on each protocol
as configured today.

Does that sound reasonable?

I guess that if the state + processing requirements for
Landmark/CompleteRA and LinkID are comparable (which I've
indicated may be the case), implementation experiences are
qualitative, and in the normal case
(and non-DNA case) all schemes act sensibly, the
main issues will probably be:

* Synchronization/How the schemes react to change of prefixes.

* Packet Sizes

Does this sound like the right criteria to compare
the schemes on?

There may not be a clear winner with any of these, and
it may be that the WG just chooses a particular
scheme it likes.

The comparison is likely to help with forming that opinion,
and may actually highlight a winner.

Should we go ahead?

It may mean some in-depth description of how the schemes
currently handle change (which may take some discussion).

I think that we need to compare packet sizes for:

RS/RA exchange for each scheme (or set of schemes) as described
       in current drafts.

Where:

a) 1 prefix is shared by all routers

b) 1 distinct prefix is configured on each router.

c) 1 prefix is shared by all routers and one additional prefix is
                advertised by one router (big or small prefix).

We should probably do this for 1,2 routers (though the third
test may be a bit simple with 1 router - one router 2 prefixes).

We should sum the sizes of the response RAs for all routers.

Does this sound OK with people?

Greg



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Date: Thu, 21 Jul 2005 16:09:59 +0900
From: JinHyeock Choi <jinchoe@gmail.com>
Subject: Re: [DNA] [Issue X] LinkID v.s. Landmark Prefix
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Dear Greg

> > I think CompleteRA by itself is more complex than LinkID. (That's
> > why I switched to Linkid.  As you may know, I've played with CompleteRA
> > quite long in DT)
> 
> CompleteRA is not significantly more difficult.
> 
> The only difference between storage of information in either CompleteRA
> or LinkID is that routers have to keep (at least) the two smallest
> Prefixes with LinkID, and that CompleteRA has to keep all prefixes
> (on the router side).
> 
> The storage and comparison requirements are quite similar,
> especially on the host, where the CPL (+CCL) must be kept anyway.
> 
> In fact, the Landmark and CompleteRA have exactly the same state
> requirements, and share space and implementation code in my RADVD patch.
> 
> So overall, the cost of storage for the combined Landmark+CompleteRA
> solution is comparable to the LinkID solution.

As I told to Sathya, the main difficulty for CompleteRA is to synchronize 
all the routers on the link to have the same CompleteRA all the time. 

For example, when a prefix is added, removed or prefix lifetime expires, 
the routers need to update there CompleteRA in time to advertise the 
same one. But this is hard. 

(Cut and pasting from DT ML),  

  But with packet loss and a potential for the set of routers changing, I
  don't see how we can guarantee such synchronicity.
  For a known and fixed set of routers that never fail, then a two-face
  commit protocol can ensure that they all switch in concert, but the
  protocol needs to work when routers fail as well as the set of routers
  being dynamic.

Linkid deals with this problem with special schemes as as Linkid prefix 
list and a few advertisement rules, such as keep advertising old linkid
after a linkid change for the time being. But for CompleteRA (also for 
Landmark), as of my knowledge, no such mechanism is devised yet, 
though I myself had worked on it before I switched to linkid. My thought 
is that it's easier to synchronize one prefix rather than synchronize all 
the prefixes on the link. 
 
Thanks in advance for your kind consideration. 

Best Regards

JinHyeock



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Date: Thu, 21 Jul 2005 16:25:08 +0900
From: JinHyeock Choi <jinchoe@gmail.com>
Subject: Re: [DNA] Revised FRD (Fast Router Discovery) I-D
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Dear Tero

> > No. We don't think it's desirable for PoA to modify an RA, unless
> > it gets permission from AR.
> 
> Ok. I was just thinking how long PoA should keep an entry in the cache.
> Unlike it the second mail sent later, at this point I was not wondering
> should the lifetime in the cached entry also be decreased.

Sorry, but I have difficulty understanding the above phrase. Kindly 
clarify it more. 

> > Right now, we design the scheme in the simplest way and PoA doesn't
> > manage index entries.
> >
> > Assume there are two routers on a link, AR1 and AR2. First AR1
> > sends RA1 and PoA caches it. Afterwards AR2 sends RA2, then
> > PoA substitutes its cached RA with RA2. This doesn't affect DNA
> > performance as long as both RA1 and RA2 can properly indicate
> > link identity, i.e. RA optimized for DNA.
> 
> Oh, I see. There is only one cached entry instead of multiple entries
> (i.e. RAs from different APs).

Right. Allow me to clarify a little more. 

In 01 version, FRD works with one cached entry. But in later version, 
FRD may be expanded to have multiple entries for better performance. 

> I think it would be worth mentioning somewhere, maybe along with the
> sentence:
> 
> "the PoA needs to cache a suitable RA, such as 'RA optimized for DNA'
> defined in [5]."
> 
> that RAs with the SEND nonce option can't be cached while the ones with
> timestamps can be cached only for a certain duration of time. 

Sounds reasonable. I will coin the exact phrases for the 02-version. 
 
Thanks for your kind consideration. 

Best Regards

JinHyeock



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From: Brett Pentland <brett.pentland@eng.monash.edu.au>
Subject: Re: [DNA] DNA proposal issue 19 - was [Issue X] LinkID v.s.
 LandmarkPrefix
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> I guess that if the state + processing requirements for
> Landmark/CompleteRA and LinkID are comparable (which I've
> indicated may be the case), implementation experiences are
> qualitative, and in the normal case
> (and non-DNA case) all schemes act sensibly, the
> main issues will probably be:
> 
> * Synchronization/How the schemes react to change of prefixes.
> 
> * Packet Sizes
> 
> Does this sound like the right criteria to compare
> the schemes on?

It would be good to also consider how the schemes interact with
non-DNA nodes.

Brett.



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From: JinHyeock Choi <jinchoe@gmail.com>
Subject: Re: [DNA] Revised FRD (Fast Router Discovery) I-D
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Dear Greg

> I've done an analysis on this (which may yet have flaws) and there
> are some tricky issues with the caching and SEND.
> 
> With SEND, the options cannot be modified by an intervening device
> (as it doesn't have the CGA private key), so all RA contents remain
> the same, including lifetime and SEND Timestamp options.
> 
> With the existing SEND specification, differences in clocks between
> a host and a router are accounted for by allowing the first RA
> to arrive with an allowed window.  This defaults to +-300 seconds
> (from section 5.3.4.2/10.2 of RFC3971).
> 
> Therefore the cache cannot last beyond 5 minutes (without even
> accounting for different clocks) by default.
> 
> The Receiver's timelog - RDlast (and the received timestamp TSlast) of
> the first RA message are then stored for comparison, and new RAs
> are tested against the following inequality (the newly received
> timestamp option containing TSnew, and the reception time on the
> host being RDnew), only those new RAs conforming to the following
> inequality are acceptable as fresh SEND RAs (sec 5.4.3.2):
> 
> 
> TSnew + fuzz > TSlast + (RDnew - RDlast) x (1 - drift) - fuzz
> 
> 
> The drift and fuzz factors being defined as the maximum rate of
> clock drift, and the maximum (absolute) value variation in
> reception of individual packets across a link, respectively.
> 
> Using the defaults from section 10.2 (in seconds):
> 
> TSnew - TSlast > 0.99x(RDnew - RDlast) - 2
> 
> Upon the first reception of a non-cached RA (after the cached RA),
> TSnew - TSlast will be greater than RDnew - RDlast, since
> (assuming minimal clock skew over the period):
> 
> RDnew - RDlast = delta_t
> TSnew - TSlast = delta_t + t_cache
> 
> This then is an accepted RA, as the inequality holds.  Such an RA
> updates the RDlast and TSlast timers with the fresh RA's information
> (as described in 5.3.4.2 of SEND).
> 
> Where either the first received RA was non-cached, and had an up-to-date
> timestamp, or a later uncached RA updated the RDlast and TSlast
> parameters as described above, the situation is not as clear cut.
> 
> Any subsequently received cached RA will be delayed by t_cache'.
> 
> Therefore, in this case:
> 
> RDnew' - RDlast' = delta_t'
> TSnew' - TSlast' = delta_t' - t_cache'
> 
> Using the inequality above (again assuming no significant skew)
> 
> delta_t' - t_cache' > 0.99 x delta_t' -2
> 
> which implies:
> 
> t_cache' <= 0.01 x delta_t' + 2
> 
> So the cache time has to be less than 2 seconds plus 1% of the
> interval between received RAs in order to be accepted as a fresh
> RA by the SEND host.
> 
> This affects subsequent RA reception when transiting to the
> new PoAs within the same link.
> 
> It also affects the return of a node to a previously visited
> link for which it has previously received SEND messages
> (with parameters and Timestamps).  As described in sections
> 5.3.4, 9.2.5 (and Appendix B) of SEND, hosts are likely to
> keep such information beyond the lifetime of a particular
> neighbour cache entry in order to prevent replay attacks.
> 
> So long as the SEND timer information is kept, return to
> a link will ignore a Cached RA (if the cache duration is
> outside the boundaries of the skew and fuzz factors for SEND).
> 
> I'm still not quite sure about this analysis, so I'd appreciate
> feedback on the issue.

Thanks for a detailed and useful analysis. I'll think it through. 

Best Regards

JinHyeock



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From: JinHyeock Choi <jinchoe@gmail.com>
Subject: Re: [DNA] Revised FRD (Fast Router Discovery) I-D
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Dear Alper

> - "Triggered RA" has dependency on an additional protocol between the AP
> and AR. I see now that there are some discussions around that, stemming
> from the IEEE 802.21 work. I had a draft on such a protocol a while back
> (http://www.watersprings.org/pub/id/draft-yegin-l2-triggers-01.txt)
> FYI...

Thanks for pointing our useful doc. I'll look it over. 

> - Have you analyzed what happens when you bypass the "random delay"
> mechanisms? They are there for congestion avoidance.

For router side, FRD doesn't say anything about the random delay 
for routers. It's ok for FRD if routers perform random delay as before.  

For PoA side, it will not cause a problem, if we bypass random delay
for PoA. As of my understanding, random delay is to avoid conflict 
which may occur when two routers happen to send an RA at the 
same time. 

Best Regards

JinHyeock



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From: Brett Pentland <brett.pentland@eng.monash.edu.au>
Subject: Re: [DNA] New I-D: draft-vogt-dna-relocation-00.txt
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Hi Christian,

Sorry I only just got to read through the draft. Thanks for your
efforts.  It's a good summary of the situation.

Regarding the potential solution in section 4.2, I gather you are
talking about something like:

- Host sends RS with optimistic unicast source address and TSLLAO
- Router replies with unicast RA (using LLA from TSLLAO)
- Host only then sends MLD report (after delay)
- Host send NS for oDAD

This sounds good for most communications (assuming that most
communications with the host go through the router).  There
might still be a bit of a problem if an on-link device (other
than the router) tries to send a packet to the optimistic
address before the MLD report goes out since the host won't
receive the resulting NS from this on-link node.  I guess this
might come up if the host is a mobile node and tries to perform
route optimization with a node that just happens to be connected
to the same link as itself.

Any thoughts?
Brett.



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From: JinHyeock Choi <jinchoe@gmail.com>
Subject: Re: [DNA] Re: About draft-ietf-dna-cpl-00.txt
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Dear Greg

> I think that the problem in DNA comes (primarily) where there's
> lingering state in the network: a host or router which hasn't seen
> the zero lifetime retraction.
> 
> A zero lifetime retraction is a valid mechanism, but intermittently
> connected hosts may not receive the notification that the prefix is
> no longer connected.

Dormant mode also gives a problem. 

For example, assume a link with prefix Prefix1. A node N receives 
a prefix A::, then becomes dormant for a while. Meanwhile Prefix 1 
is removed from the link and moved to the other link. Because
N is in dormant mode, it doesn't know about this. Then N happens 
to move and awake to attach itself to the latter link. Because it sees 
Prefix1, it will falsely assume that it still is at the same link. 

> I'd like to sit and think for a little while and determine if there's
> a completely safe way to handle knowledge used for CPL (or CompleteRA
> etc.) without facing the danger that the prefixes will be classified
> as belonging to one link (when in fact they belong to two, from two
> different times).

This is what I devise for linkid scheme. 

To solve "Flash renumbering and and early reassignment, linkid draft 
proposes that, when a linkid prefix is removed from a link, the linkid 
prefix should not be re-assigned to other link in 3 hours. With the 
above, a host would not see the same linkid prefix in two different links 
because linkid lifetime is 1.5 hour.

> This shouldn't hamper progression of CPL at the moment.

Glad to hear that. :-)   

> > FWIW I think this might be one reason that Keith Moore was concerned
> > about using prefixes for DNAs purpose.
> 
> That's understandable.  It would be good later to have his and
> other operational opinions of how relevant the problem is, and
> how the solutions may be impacted by it.

I talked with network operators and found out prefixes are 
rather stable. So my guess is, this will not affect DNA much
except in some very volatile network which I can't  imagine  
right now.  

> I think that this is the right place to explore the issue then
> (if it's a small enough issue).
> 
> Do you think we may need a short PS after IETF?

Both Linkid & Landmark/ CompleteRA deal with this in Open 
Issue. 

For Linkid, there is 

   Issue 003: Flash renumbering and early reassignment

For Landmark/ CompleteRA, there is 

   Issue 0012: Network renumbering - guidelines for deployment

We may mention this problem in open issue presentation. 

Best Regards

JinHyeock



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Subject: Re: [DNA] Revised FRD (Fast Router Discovery) I-D
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Dear Brett

> > I don't understand your point. DNA solution is supposed to do
> > its job with a single RA message. Allow me to quote from DNA
> >  design team document,
> >
> >                                    It was felt that by crafting the
> >    information in the solicitation and advertisement, a single RS/RA
> >    exchange should be sufficient for DNA.
> >
> > So in DNA point of view, I see no problem sending just one RA
> > (optimized for DNA).
> 
> You've answered my question in your email to Tero - only the most
> recent RA is cached (and it will change frequently if there are
> multiple routers on the link).

Yes, but we may modify this in the next version. PoA may cache 
multiple RAs and send them all. 

> You are right that DNA only needs a single RA, and a decision about
> configuration can be made immediately after that RA, but router
> discovery may require more than that.  

I assume that an RA optimized for DNA would include all the information 
that is necessary for a new IP configuration.  

> Section 6.3.7 of RFC 2461
> notes that unsolicited RAs may be incomplete and that upon reception
> of one before having sent an RS, that the host SHOULD send an RS.
> Thus we end up with an RS and its associated RAs, plus the additional
> original unsolicited RA.

I didn't recognize this yet. Thanks for your pointing this out. 
We may need to relax the condition a little. 

> This doesn't affect the speed of DNA but does add to the total packet
> exchange.

ok. There will be one more RA. 

Thanks for your kind consideration. 

Best Regards

JinHyeock



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Date: Thu, 21 Jul 2005 10:20:03 -0400
From: Sathya Narayanan <sathya@research.panasonic.com>
Subject: Re: [DNA] DNA proposal issue 19 - was [Issue X]	LinkID
	v.s.LandmarkPrefix
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JinHyeock -

>I'd like to clarify the previous mail. 
>
>"The answer will be always a RA with LinkID" 
>
>means
>
>"Upon solicited, routers always reply an RA with LinkID 
>and don't use Yes/No indicaiton." 
>  
>
This is just an issue of syntax - in your proposal if the RS contains
LinkID_1 and if the RA comes back with LinkID_1 it means 'Yes' and if
the RA comes back with LinkID_X (X != 1) then it means 'No'.
Conceptually the main design issue behing the idea of 'Landmark', is to
include a question in the RS and get a response for it in the RA.
Obviously, the two protocols will use different syntax to achieve this -
but if you agree to include some kinda question in the RS by including
the LinkID, then we are in agreement ;-) as to the choice of including a
'Landmark like' component. We can move on to the specific
syntax/mechanism by which we acheive it - where we do disagree, as of now.

Sathya



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Date: Thu, 21 Jul 2005 23:30:59 +0530
From: Syam Madanapalli <smadanapalli@gmail.com>
Subject: Re: [DNA] DNA proposal issue 19 - was [Issue X] LinkID
 v.s.LandmarkPrefix
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        Brett Pentland <brett.pentland@eng.monash.edu.au>,
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Hi Sathya,


On 7/21/05, Sathya Narayanan <sathya@research.panasonic.com> wrote:
> JinHyeock -
> 
> >I'd like to clarify the previous mail.
> >
> >"The answer will be always a RA with LinkID"
> >
> >means
> >
> >"Upon solicited, routers always reply an RA with LinkID
> >and don't use Yes/No indicaiton."
> >
> >
> This is just an issue of syntax - in your proposal if the RS contains
> LinkID_1 and if the RA comes back with LinkID_1 it means 'Yes' and if
> the RA comes back with LinkID_X (X != 1) then it means 'No'.
> Conceptually the main design issue behing the idea of 'Landmark', is to
> include a question in the RS and get a response for it in the RA.
> Obviously, the two protocols will use different syntax to achieve this -
> but if you agree to include some kinda question in the RS by including
> the LinkID, then we are in agreement ;-) as to the choice of including a
> 'Landmark like' component. We can move on to the specific
> syntax/mechanism by which we acheive it - where we do disagree, as of now.
> 
> Sathya
> 


The difference MAY be more than what you have mentioned.
MN sends the linkid in RS not any prefix (which is the case in
Landmark approach), as the routers treat the (old) linkid prefixes 
differently from the normal prefixes for graceful change in linkid.
Please see the section 3.5  Graceful linkid prefix change.
So the routers can give the correct answer compared to Landmark
where there is a posibility of conflicting answers. However the linkid
approach does not carry yes/no bit, instead hosts make decision
based on the linkid carried in RA.

-Syam



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Subject: [DNA] I-D ACTION:draft-ietf-dna-link-information-02.txt
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A New Internet-Draft is available from the on-line Internet-Drafts directories.
This draft is a work item of the Detecting Network Attachment Working Group of the IETF.

	Title		: Link-layer Event Notifications for Detecting Network Attachments
	Author(s)	: A. Yegin
	Filename	: draft-ietf-dna-link-information-02.txt
	Pages		: 23
	Date		: 2005-7-21
	
Certain network access technologies are capable of providing various
   link-layer status information to IP.  Link-layer event notifications
   can help IP expeditiously detect configuration changes.  This
   document provides a non-exhaustive catalogue of information available
   from well-known access technologies.

A URL for this Internet-Draft is:
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Date: Fri, 22 Jul 2005 07:42:13 +0900
From: Heejin Jang <heejin.jang@samsung.com>
Subject: [DNA] FRD Implementation and Test Results
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Dear DNA WG,

We have implemented a FRD scheme of

Fast Router Discovery with L2 support
http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-jinchoi-dna-frd-01.txt

In brief, we made an AP (Access Point) with a Linux box, which
caches a suitable RA and delivers it immediately upon a new L2
connection.

The code is just 31 lines for driver (with Scanning) and an MN
receives an RA within 1.3 ms in average. :-)

You can find the result in

http://www.diffeo.com/test/FRD_Implementation.ppt

Your feedback will be appreciated.

Regards, 
Heejin.





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Date: Fri, 22 Jul 2005 09:02:59 +1000
From: Greg Daley <greg.daley@eng.monash.edu.au>
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JinHyeock Choi wrote:
> Dear Greg
> 
> 
>>I think that the problem in DNA comes (primarily) where there's
>>lingering state in the network: a host or router which hasn't seen
>>the zero lifetime retraction.
>>
>>A zero lifetime retraction is a valid mechanism, but intermittently
>>connected hosts may not receive the notification that the prefix is
>>no longer connected.
> 
> 
> Dormant mode also gives a problem. 
> 
> For example, assume a link with prefix Prefix1. A node N receives 
> a prefix A::, then becomes dormant for a while. Meanwhile Prefix 1 
> is removed from the link and moved to the other link. Because
> N is in dormant mode, it doesn't know about this. Then N happens 
> to move and awake to attach itself to the latter link. Because it sees 
> Prefix1, it will falsely assume that it still is at the same link. 

Yes, I believe this is the same case as "intermittently connected"
though, as in both cases, the host is not aware of state changes
on the link.

I guess we can collapse these two cases into one.

>>I'd like to sit and think for a little while and determine if there's
>>a completely safe way to handle knowledge used for CPL (or CompleteRA
>>etc.) without facing the danger that the prefixes will be classified
>>as belonging to one link (when in fact they belong to two, from two
>>different times).
> 
> 
> This is what I devise for linkid scheme. 
> 
> To solve "Flash renumbering and and early reassignment, linkid draft 
> proposes that, when a linkid prefix is removed from a link, the linkid 
> prefix should not be re-assigned to other link in 3 hours. With the 
> above, a host would not see the same linkid prefix in two different links 
> because linkid lifetime is 1.5 hour.

This isn't a completely safe solution, since people do strange things
which violate recommendations they haven't read.

I used to work in Tech Support (in another life), so I know things
like this happen.

Existing Router deployers may not read the DNA specifications, so I'd
like to take a step back and see if we can have a sane failure mode
even for less sane changes.


>>This shouldn't hamper progression of CPL at the moment.
> 
> 
> Glad to hear that. :-)   
> 
> 
>>>FWIW I think this might be one reason that Keith Moore was concerned
>>>about using prefixes for DNAs purpose.
>>
>>That's understandable.  It would be good later to have his and
>>other operational opinions of how relevant the problem is, and
>>how the solutions may be impacted by it.
> 
> 
> I talked with network operators and found out prefixes are 
> rather stable. So my guess is, this will not affect DNA much
> except in some very volatile network which I can't  imagine  
> right now.  

That's useful to know.

There are a lot of issues in IPv6 which may increase prefix churn
though (for example, if SHIM6 makes it simple to maintain
sessions across renumbering).

Also, we haven't seen wide deployment of DHCPv6 Prefix
Delegation yet.

In PD, as soon as the prefix's valid lifetime has expired it could be
on another link.  I'm not even sure we want to see what happens if
there's state loss on the server (maybe this is a flash renumbering
case).

If we have to plan for address prefix boundaries other than /64,
we may also have to plan for dynamic environments.



>>I think that this is the right place to explore the issue then
>>(if it's a small enough issue).
>>
>>Do you think we may need a short PS after IETF?
> 
> 
> Both Linkid & Landmark/ CompleteRA deal with this in Open 
> Issue. 
> 
> For Linkid, there is 
> 
>    Issue 003: Flash renumbering and early reassignment
> 
> For Landmark/ CompleteRA, there is 
> 
>    Issue 0012: Network renumbering - guidelines for deployment
> 
> We may mention this problem in open issue presentation. 

That sounde like a fair idea.

Greg



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Date: Fri, 22 Jul 2005 09:08:33 +1000
From: Greg Daley <greg.daley@eng.monash.edu.au>
Subject: Re: [DNA] DNA proposal issue 19 - was [Issue X] LinkID
 v.s.LandmarkPrefix
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To: Syam Madanapalli <smadanapalli@gmail.com>
Cc: Sathya Narayanan <sathya@research.panasonic.com>,
        JinHyeock Choi <jinchoe@gmail.com>,
        Brett Pentland <brett.pentland@eng.monash.edu.au>,
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Hi Syam,

Syam Madanapalli wrote:
[cut]
> 
> 
> 
> The difference MAY be more than what you have mentioned.
> MN sends the linkid in RS not any prefix (which is the case in
> Landmark approach), as the routers treat the (old) linkid prefixes 
> differently from the normal prefixes for graceful change in linkid.
> Please see the section 3.5  Graceful linkid prefix change.
> So the routers can give the correct answer compared to Landmark
> where there is a posibility of conflicting answers. However the linkid
> approach does not carry yes/no bit, instead hosts make decision
> based on the linkid carried in RA.

Careful choice of the landmark prefix will avoid problems like this
in most cases.

For example, using a "recently seen" landmark prefix which is known
to be Preferred will limit the chance that the prefix is no longer
known on-link (due to reconfiguration).

For intermittently connected hosts, the choice of landmark may be
poor, but then again, so would that host's knowledge of valid
Prefix LinkIDs.

So I think that it's possible to get around this potential difference
with a line or two of text.

Greg.



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Date: Thu, 21 Jul 2005 23:20:41 +0000 (GMT)
From: Daniel Park <soohong.park@samsung.com>
Subject: Re: [DNA] FRD Implementation and Test Results
Sender: owner-dna@ecselists.eng.monash.edu.au
To: Heejin Jang <heejin.jang@samsung.com>
Cc: "dna@eng.monash.edu.au" <dna@eng.monash.edu.au>,
        JinHyeock Choi <jinchoe@gmail.com>
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<HTML><HEAD>
<META http-equiv=Content-Type content='text/html; charset=windows-1252'>
<title>Samsung Enterprise Portal mySingle</title>
<style> P, td, li {font-family:Arial, arial; font-size:9pt; margin-top:5px;margin-bottom:5px;}</style>
</HEAD><BODY><p>Heejin, good job and here is a simple question;
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>It is possible that the host does not see any </p>
<p>Router Advertisements.
What happen on&nbsp;this</p>
<p>situation ? <br><br></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>Regards

   
</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>Daniel (Soohong Daniel Park)
</p>
<p>Mobile Platform Laboratory. SAMSUNG Electronics<br><br>------- <b>Original Message</b> -------<br><b>Sender</b> : Heejin Jang&lt;heejin.jang@samsung.com&gt; Assistant Research Staff/Communication &amp; Networking Lab/Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology<br><b>Date</b>   : Jul 22, 2005 07:42<br><b>Title</b>  : [DNA] FRD Implementation and Test Results<br>Dear&nbsp;DNA&nbsp;WG,
<br>
<br>We&nbsp;have&nbsp;implemented&nbsp;a&nbsp;FRD&nbsp;scheme&nbsp;of
<br>
<br>Fast&nbsp;Router&nbsp;Discovery&nbsp;with&nbsp;L2&nbsp;support
<br>http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-jinchoi-dna-frd-01.txt
<br>
<br>In&nbsp;brief,&nbsp;we&nbsp;made&nbsp;an&nbsp;AP&nbsp;(Access&nbsp;Point)&nbsp;with&nbsp;a&nbsp;Linux&nbsp;box,&nbsp;which
<br>caches&nbsp;a&nbsp;suitable&nbsp;RA&nbsp;and&nbsp;delivers&nbsp;it&nbsp;immediately&nbsp;upon&nbsp;a&nbsp;new&nbsp;L2
<br>connection.
<br>
<br>The&nbsp;code&nbsp;is&nbsp;just&nbsp;31&nbsp;lines&nbsp;for&nbsp;driver&nbsp;(with&nbsp;Scanning)&nbsp;and&nbsp;an&nbsp;MN
<br>receives&nbsp;an&nbsp;RA&nbsp;within&nbsp;1.3&nbsp;ms&nbsp;in&nbsp;average.&nbsp;:-)
<br>
<br>You&nbsp;can&nbsp;find&nbsp;the&nbsp;result&nbsp;in
<br>
<br>http://www.diffeo.com/test/FRD_Implementation.ppt
<br>
<br>Your&nbsp;feedback&nbsp;will&nbsp;be&nbsp;appreciated.
<br>
<br>Regards,&nbsp;
<br>Heejin.
<br>
</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p><br></BODY></HTML>



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Date: Fri, 22 Jul 2005 09:03:36 +1000
From: Greg Daley <greg.daley@eng.monash.edu.au>
Subject: Re: [DNA] DNA proposal issue 19 - was [Issue X] LinkID v.s.
 LandmarkPrefix
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Hi Brett,

Brett Pentland wrote:
>> I guess that if the state + processing requirements for
>> Landmark/CompleteRA and LinkID are comparable (which I've
>> indicated may be the case), implementation experiences are
>> qualitative, and in the normal case
>> (and non-DNA case) all schemes act sensibly, the
>> main issues will probably be:
>>
>> * Synchronization/How the schemes react to change of prefixes.
>>
>> * Packet Sizes
>>
>> Does this sound like the right criteria to compare
>> the schemes on?
> 
> 
> It would be good to also consider how the schemes interact with
> non-DNA nodes.

OK,

Greg



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From: JinHyeock Choi <jinchoe@gmail.com>
Subject: Re: [DNA] DNA proposal issue 19 - was [Issue X] LinkID v.s. Landmark
 Prefix
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Dear Greg

Kindly understand my belated and un-chronological reply.

> CompleteRA isn't difficult to synchronize at all.
> 
> All routers immediately update their DNAPrefixList with a
> prefix as soon as it is seen.
> 
> The next RAs all contain the prefix.
> 
> The prefix lifetime timers (and last seen timers) count down in
> real-time on the routers (exactly like CPL).
> 
> The (re-)advertised prefixes are only advertised so long as their
> original prefixes are valid.   This is available in the distributed
> source code.

I assume the above doesn't deal with the case of prefix addition or
removal in which, I think, the real difficulty of synchronization lies. 

> > It can. It will simply pick the smallest prefix.
> 
> Except if the non-DNA routers do not have the smallest prefix
> configured (which was my point).

I have difficulty understanding your concern.  

> The RAs received from non-DNA routers aren't guaranteed to have
> any prefixes in common with the DNA (LinkID) routers.

Linkid host doesn't make a decision based on RA without linkid prefix. 

Best Regards

JinHyeock



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Date: Fri, 22 Jul 2005 13:16:05 +0900
From: JinHyeock Choi <jinchoe@gmail.com>
Subject: Re: [DNA] Re: About draft-ietf-dna-cpl-00.txt
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Dear Greg

> > Dormant mode also gives a problem.
> >
> > For example, assume a link with prefix Prefix1. A node N receives
> > a prefix A::, then becomes dormant for a while. Meanwhile Prefix 1
> > is removed from the link and moved to the other link. Because
> > N is in dormant mode, it doesn't know about this. Then N happens
> > to move and awake to attach itself to the latter link. Because it sees
> > Prefix1, it will falsely assume that it still is at the same link.
> 
> Yes, I believe this is the same case as "intermittently connected"
> though, as in both cases, the host is not aware of state changes
> on the link.
> 
> I guess we can collapse these two cases into one.

ok. 

> > This is what I devise for linkid scheme.
> >
> > To solve "Flash renumbering and and early reassignment, linkid draft
> > proposes that, when a linkid prefix is removed from a link, the linkid
> > prefix should not be re-assigned to other link in 3 hours. With the
> > above, a host would not see the same linkid prefix in two different links
> > because linkid lifetime is 1.5 hour.
> 
> This isn't a completely safe solution, since people do strange things
> which violate recommendations they haven't read.

I agree. But this is all I can think of right now. Also can there be 
a solution which is completely safe from a human folly? I doubt it. :-)

> I used to work in Tech Support (in another life), so I know things
> like this happen.
> 
> Existing Router deployers may not read the DNA specifications, so I'd
> like to take a step back and see if we can have a sane failure mode
> even for less sane changes.

Even in case of trouble from a rule violation, the bad effect will go away 
in 1.5 hours, just like the case of CPL.  

But if a better way to deal with this issue is designed, it will be nice. 
 
Thanks in advance for your kind consideration. 

Best Regards

JinHyeock



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From: Greg Daley <greg.daley@eng.monash.edu.au>
Subject: Re: [DNA] Re: About draft-ietf-dna-cpl-00.txt
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Hi JinHyeock.

I'm writing e-mails out-of-order too.

JinHyeock Choi wrote:
> Dear Greg
> 
> 
>>>Dormant mode also gives a problem.
>>>
>>>For example, assume a link with prefix Prefix1. A node N receives
>>>a prefix A::, then becomes dormant for a while. Meanwhile Prefix 1
>>>is removed from the link and moved to the other link. Because
>>>N is in dormant mode, it doesn't know about this. Then N happens
>>>to move and awake to attach itself to the latter link. Because it sees
>>>Prefix1, it will falsely assume that it still is at the same link.
>>
>>Yes, I believe this is the same case as "intermittently connected"
>>though, as in both cases, the host is not aware of state changes
>>on the link.
>>
>>I guess we can collapse these two cases into one.
> 
> 
> ok. 
> 
> 
>>>This is what I devise for linkid scheme.
>>>
>>>To solve "Flash renumbering and and early reassignment, linkid draft
>>>proposes that, when a linkid prefix is removed from a link, the linkid
>>>prefix should not be re-assigned to other link in 3 hours. With the
>>>above, a host would not see the same linkid prefix in two different links
>>>because linkid lifetime is 1.5 hour.
>>
>>This isn't a completely safe solution, since people do strange things
>>which violate recommendations they haven't read.
> 
> 
> I agree. But this is all I can think of right now. Also can there be 
> a solution which is completely safe from a human folly? I doubt it. :-)

Apparently not, if you read the IETF list (people have been
discussing phishing).


>>I used to work in Tech Support (in another life), so I know things
>>like this happen.
>>
>>Existing Router deployers may not read the DNA specifications, so I'd
>>like to take a step back and see if we can have a sane failure mode
>>even for less sane changes.
> 
> 
> Even in case of trouble from a rule violation, the bad effect will go away 
> in 1.5 hours, just like the case of CPL.  

I was talking to Brett about this today.

I agree that safety measures like that may be necessary in some
form anyway, and it may make sense to ensure that the DNA
devices take the action to expire bad information.

> But if a better way to deal with this issue is designed, it will be nice. 

As I said before, it shouldn't slow down CPL since it's OK as it
stands, though.

If a bolt of inspiration comes, we'll explore things then.

Greg



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Date: Fri, 22 Jul 2005 13:55:47 +0900
From: JinHyeock Choi <jinchoe@gmail.com>
Subject: Re: [DNA] DNA proposal issue 19 - was [Issue X] LinkID v.s. Landmark
 Prefix
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Greg

> > Linkid scheme also works with RS as well as without RS if the node
> > was on a DNA capable link previously. Definitely I see the advantage
> > of Landmark if the node is moving from non-DNA link.
> 
> The same can be said of CompleteRA (which has [provably] exactly
> the same properties as LinkID of being able to detect link change
> with DNA routers).
>
> The omission of RS only works in constrained environments
> where one already has the right link information (FMIPv6
> predictive handover), or the Network infrastructure
> can be known beforehand to provide RA information (conceivably
> FastRD in a constrained environment).

I don't think this is correct. 

For example, FRD works with current 2461 standard. Upon network 
attachment, a host will perform random delay before sending RS 
(average 500ms). During which, the host will receive an RA optimized 
for DNA to complete DNA. 

Also we can't say FMIPv6 and FRD are the only ways to perform 
DNA without RS. There is a possibility of other schemes.  

> Neither of these scenarios is under consideration for the
> main DNA solution (FMIPv6 because it works without RA, FastRD
> because it isn't generally applicable), 

As of my memory, WG didn't made such a decision. 

Also I don't think that the above description is exactly correct. I talked 
with mobile/cellular operators and in such a environment, FRD is generally 
very well applicable. 

> So I don't think we can champion one particular technology based
> on the fact that it works (slowly in general) with unsolicited RA.

Disagree. This may be a serious concern for moible/ceullar operators.

DNA is rather about optimization, quickly checking for link change to support 
seamless handoff. So I think main (at least substantial part of) customers for 
DNA will be mobile operators

It's my opinion that if one scheme can perform DNA without RS involvement, 
that's the pro for the scheme we need to take into consideration.

> > As a host can build the complete prefix list on its own without explicit
> > support for complete RA, we may need to carefully evaluate it's benefits
> > against the bandwidth consumption on the link as well as synchronization
> > complexity. A host may need to be at the link for less than a minute to
> > acquire the complete prefix list, the chances of a node moving away from
> > the link within few seconds may be less.
> 
> But we already have CPL, and we know what its limitations are.
> 
> The time to build sufficient information to Detect change is the
> critical issue:  Otherwise we wouldn't have any link
> identification mechanism in the DNA solution.   CPL is good
> enough if you've got the time and energy to probe for RAs.
>
> If we want to support (potentially) rapidly changing attachment,
> the state on the host needs to be as up to date as possible, whether
> using a landmark, a link-id or CompleteRA.

According to the current CPL recommendation, it will take 4 secs for
a host to generate the complete prefix list. I think it's rather an 
exceptional case for a host to change attachment within 4 secs 
after network attachment.  

> CompleteRA has the potential to create a CPL immediately, which
> is better for the "movement to non-DNA" link case.

I may add "with added synchronization cost".  

> > As we have implemented the linkid scheme, we did not find any such problems.
> > For landmark also all the Routers need know about all other prefixes, otherwie
> > the host may get conflict answers.
> 
> It doesn't need to know all the prefixes (as described in a previous
> thread).  It needs to know what prefixes it definitely has locally.
> 
> In that case, it can answer "Yes" immediately.  Answering "No" takes
> definitive knowledge and synchronization.   

Answering "Yes" also takes definite knowledge and synchronization. 

Allow me an example. Assume a link with two routers R1 and R2. 
R1 advertises Prefix1 and R2 advertise Prefix2 and Prefix3. 
R1 and R2 gathers the prefixes to make the complete prefix list
{Prefix1, Prefix2, Prefix3}.

Then R2 removes Prefix3 but the RA advertising the removal 
was lost and R1 doesn't receive it. So afterwards, if a (dormant) 
host send an RS with Prefix3 to R1, it will falsely answer "YES", 
i.e. Prefix3 is in this link. 

Am I missing something? 

> A prefix which answers
> "Yes" will supercede a "No" if it is received first.

I guess the same applies for "NO". 

"NO" will supercede a "YES", if it is received first, right? 
 
> The chance that a router will answer "No" when another answers "Yes"
> is the chance that a prefix's advertisement has not been received
> on the "No" router before the RS with a landmark query is sent.
>
> This is bounded by the delay of the original RA to cross the network,
> and any robustness factors affecting delivery between pairs of routers.
> 
> As the solicitor would have to have received the landmark prefix in
> an RA before it can send the landmark RS, the chances are really
> quite small that any remaining router would be not be updated
> before answering the landmark query.

In the example I present the above, "NO" is the correct one and
doesn't result from "that a prefix's advertisement has not been received
on the "No" router before the RS with a landmark query is sent."

Correct me wrong but when I looked through Landmark/ CompleteRA 
last time, I don't see any mechanism to deal with the case two routers
give conflicting answers, one yes and the other no. Such a case can 
arise from a lack of synchronization. 

Best Regards

JinHyeock



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Date: Fri, 22 Jul 2005 15:44:29 +1000
From: Greg Daley <greg.daley@eng.monash.edu.au>
Subject: Re: [DNA] DNA proposal issue 19 - was [Issue X] LinkID v.s. Landmark
 Prefix
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Hi JinHyeock,

JinHyeock Choi wrote:
> Dear Greg
> 
> Kindly understand my belated and un-chronological reply.
> 
> 
>>CompleteRA isn't difficult to synchronize at all.
>>
>>All routers immediately update their DNAPrefixList with a
>>prefix as soon as it is seen.
>>
>>The next RAs all contain the prefix.
>>
>>The prefix lifetime timers (and last seen timers) count down in
>>real-time on the routers (exactly like CPL).
>>
>>The (re-)advertised prefixes are only advertised so long as their
>>original prefixes are valid.   This is available in the distributed
>>source code.
> 
> 
> I assume the above doesn't deal with the case of prefix addition or
> removal in which, I think, the real difficulty of synchronization lies. 

Actually, I think it does cover this.

Since the routers don't go to sleep, and are likely to see each others'
advertisements within a finite (MaxRtrAdvInterval < 30s) period of time,
They will see also advertisements with retracted prefixes (0 lifetime)
with high probability.  Routers can immediately stop advertising a
prefix.

Advertisements of the CompleteRA therefore can exclude particular
prefixes which are no-longer on link, and this information can be
taken as authoritative by hosts:  The router thinks the current
prefix list is complete, even though it doesn't contain the prefix
(the host dumps the prefix).  This works since the completeRA will also
contain any other prefixes on the link, and no change detection will
occur (as the prefixes shouldn't be disjoint).


New prefixes are much easier, since as CompleteRAs overlap (only differ
by the new prefixes), no change detection occurs.  It is possible that
the routers do not agree about all of the prefixes available on a link,
but the routers will have some information in common before the prefix
is added,

> 
>>>It can. It will simply pick the smallest prefix.
>>
>>Except if the non-DNA routers do not have the smallest prefix
>>configured (which was my point).
> 
> 
> I have difficulty understanding your concern.  

CompleteRA routers  contain all (A=1,L=1) prefixes on the
link. So even if the non-DNA router has (originally) disjoint prefixes
any RA from either a non-DNA or DNA router will share information in
common (the non-DNA router's own prefix).

Therefore any reception of an RA from a DNA or non DNA source can
immediately be identified as a change or no change.

This is a lot faster than moving to a network that doesn't support
DNA, if the DNA solution uses a LinkID instead.   It's necessary
to fall back to RS/RA exchanges.

We encountered this problem with numeric LinkIDs a long time ago before
CPL was around (CPL improves things).

>>The RAs received from non-DNA routers aren't guaranteed to have
>>any prefixes in common with the DNA (LinkID) routers.
> 
> 
> Linkid host doesn't make a decision based on RA without linkid prefix. 

That makes sense.

On the DNA link the host will still need to do RS/RA exchanges to
build its CPL though, otherwise CPL logic won't work immediately either.

Greg



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From: JinHyeock Choi <jinchoe@gmail.com>
Subject: Re: [DNA] DNA proposal issue 19 - was [Issue X]LinkIDv.s.LandmarkPrefix
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Dear Sathya

> So, in conclusion, the synchronization requirement and
> complexity for Landmark, CompleteRA and LinkID are the same - all three
> of them require that all the routers on the link know about all the
> prefixes on the link within a reasonable time - the difference is only
> in the content of the RS/RA messages. Do you agree?

No. Linkid draft deals with synchronization problem by taking extra 
care of linkid prefix with such schemes as "linkid prefix list" or "linkid 
prefix lifetime". It's my guess that, for CompleteRA or Landamrk, such 
extra cares need to be be applied to all the prefixes. 

Best Regards

JinHyeock



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From: Greg Daley <greg.daley@eng.monash.edu.au>
Subject: Re: [DNA] DNA proposal issue 19 - was [Issue X] LinkID v.s. Landmark
 Prefix
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Hi JinHyeock,

Right at the bottom is a proposal for a "Graceful"
means of surviving flash renumbering with Prefix Landmarks.

It's not really necessary in the general case if routers
retract prefixes with lifetime=0 advertisements, if they
wish to assign the prefix elsewhere before normal
lifetime expiry.

JinHyeock Choi wrote:
> Greg
> 
> 
>>>Linkid scheme also works with RS as well as without RS if the node
>>>was on a DNA capable link previously. Definitely I see the advantage
>>>of Landmark if the node is moving from non-DNA link.
>>
>>The same can be said of CompleteRA (which has [provably] exactly
>>the same properties as LinkID of being able to detect link change
>>with DNA routers).
>>
>>The omission of RS only works in constrained environments
>>where one already has the right link information (FMIPv6
>>predictive handover), or the Network infrastructure
>>can be known beforehand to provide RA information (conceivably
>>FastRD in a constrained environment).
> 
> 
> I don't think this is correct. 
> 
> For example, FRD works with current 2461 standard. Upon network 
> attachment, a host will perform random delay before sending RS 
> (average 500ms). During which, the host will receive an RA optimized 
> for DNA to complete DNA. 

You are right only if the DNA host _knows_ FastRD is present.
Then it can defer sending an RS.

If it doesn't know of FastRD's presence, it cannot afford to
wait before sending RS (500ms is so much longer than a VoIP
session can hide, and potentially longer than a TCP window
transmission).

RFC2461bis already describes removal of the 0-1000ms delay on
reception of link-layer indication.  I don't think hosts need
to defer RS transmission if they're unaware of the fact that
FastRD is available on the link.

Remember the goal G2 for DNA:

  G2 DNA schemes should detect the identity of an attached link with
       minimal latency lest there should be service disruption.

If there's no knowledge that FastRD is available in a domain, there
can be no deferral of DNA to potentially save one RS.

> Also we can't say FMIPv6 and FRD are the only ways to perform 
> DNA without RS. There is a possibility of other schemes.  

But we're not standardizing those unnamed schemes:

As in RFC 1958 section 3.7, we have an almost complete solution,
we're not likely to defer making a decision about something to
support future (unmentioned) solutions.

>>Neither of these scenarios is under consideration for the
>>main DNA solution (FMIPv6 because it works without RA, FastRD
>>because it isn't generally applicable), 
> 
> 
> As of my memory, WG didn't made such a decision. 

It made the decision at the same time it discarded Numeric LinkIDs,
Deterministic FastRA etc: when it agreed to focus on 0ne or Two
potential solutions (with specific properties) at the last IETF.

> Also I don't think that the above description is exactly correct. I talked 
> with mobile/cellular operators and in such a environment, FRD is generally 
> very well applicable. 

But it's not the basic DNA solution: it's an optimization which cannot
be applied to every network.

>>So I don't think we can champion one particular technology based
>>on the fact that it works (slowly in general) with unsolicited RA.
> 
> 
> Disagree. This may be a serious concern for moible/ceullar operators.
 >
> DNA is rather about optimization, quickly checking for link change to support 
> seamless handoff. So I think main (at least substantial part of) customers for 
> DNA will be mobile operators

Not every network is to be run by cellular operators.
Almost every network will need DNA.

Cellular operators are likely to deploy further infrastructure
such as FMIPv6 to support fast handovers.  In that case,
queuing an RA upon attachment to a new cell only induces delay.

> It's my opinion that if one scheme can perform DNA without RS involvement, 
> that's the pro for the scheme we need to take into consideration.

It's no more a pro for LinkID than for CompleteRA.

If we have a FastRD scheme, it doesn't really matter which of those
is deployed.

>>>As a host can build the complete prefix list on its own without explicit
>>>support for complete RA, we may need to carefully evaluate it's benefits
>>>against the bandwidth consumption on the link as well as synchronization
>>>complexity. A host may need to be at the link for less than a minute to
>>>acquire the complete prefix list, the chances of a node moving away from
>>>the link within few seconds may be less.
>>
>>But we already have CPL, and we know what its limitations are.
>>
>>The time to build sufficient information to Detect change is the
>>critical issue:  Otherwise we wouldn't have any link
>>identification mechanism in the DNA solution.   CPL is good
>>enough if you've got the time and energy to probe for RAs.
>>
>>If we want to support (potentially) rapidly changing attachment,
>>the state on the host needs to be as up to date as possible, whether
>>using a landmark, a link-id or CompleteRA.
> 
> 
> According to the current CPL recommendation, it will take 4 secs for
> a host to generate the complete prefix list. I think it's rather an 
> exceptional case for a host to change attachment within 4 secs 
> after network attachment.  


It's not that hard to change attachment points quickly with ping-pong.
This is a well known problem.

I'm not in strict agreement with the single RS for CPL,
since RA messages can be lost, and you can end up with half a CPL.

If you transit outside the cell within 4 seconds, false link change
detection occurs.

I'd prefer "At least 1" or "Defaults to 1" x 4 seconds.

>>CompleteRA has the potential to create a CPL immediately, which
>>is better for the "movement to non-DNA" link case.
> 
> 
> I may add "with added synchronization cost".  

That's not really true, if you've read the other posts in this thread.

CompleteRA is more reliable than CPL, since routers don't go to sleep
often (routers build better lists than hosts).

>>>As we have implemented the linkid scheme, we did not find any such problems.
>>>For landmark also all the Routers need know about all other prefixes, otherwie
>>>the host may get conflict answers.
>>
>>It doesn't need to know all the prefixes (as described in a previous
>>thread).  It needs to know what prefixes it definitely has locally.
>>
>>In that case, it can answer "Yes" immediately.  Answering "No" takes
>>definitive knowledge and synchronization.   
> 
> 
> Answering "Yes" also takes definite knowledge and synchronization. 
 >
> Allow me an example. Assume a link with two routers R1 and R2. 
> R1 advertises Prefix1 and R2 advertise Prefix2 and Prefix3. 
> R1 and R2 gathers the prefixes to make the complete prefix list
> {Prefix1, Prefix2, Prefix3}.
> 
> Then R2 removes Prefix3 but the RA advertising the removal 
> was lost and R1 doesn't receive it. So afterwards, if a (dormant) 
> host send an RS with Prefix3 to R1, it will falsely answer "YES", 
> i.e. Prefix3 is in this link. 
> 
>  Am I missing something?

Yes.

The same thing happens with LinkID

In this case, the Router1 will not identify that the LinkID has changed
either, if the smallest prefix disappears (for example if Prefix3 is
actually the smallest prefix).

Responses for LinkID will therefore also conflict, Router1 will
have a LinkID of prefix Prefix3, even if that prefix has been
assigned to an adjacent link.

For Prefix Landmarking:

If any RAs by received by R1 indicating that the lifetime is
diminished, this will time out the entries.  Any single reception
of a lifetime zero advertisement from the owning router will
remove the prefix.

This is the same as LinkID.

So if Prefix Landmarking believes the prefix is still on-link
(and Prefix Landmarking has similar timers for lifetimes that
LinkID does) then the incorrect state will last about as long
for either.

The assumption is that prefixes retracted without (effective)
zero lifetime advertisement and assigned to another link cause
problems for up to 90 minutes or so:

This is the same for Prefix Landmarks, CompleteRA, LinkID and
(in hosts' view) CPL.

This is a very tight corner case, since routers listen to RAs
in DNA, don't sleep, and routers should retract prefixes.

At least with CompleteRA, you can ignore learned DNAO contents
since the rest of the CompleteRA will not match the existing
Complete Prefix List.

>>A prefix which answers
>>"Yes" will supercede a "No" if it is received first.
> 
> 
> I guess the same applies for "NO". 
> 
> "NO" will supercede a "YES", if it is received first, right? 

Yes, but a false movement detection is actually better than a false
non-movement detection, since the host recovers in milliseconds, not
minutes.

>>The chance that a router will answer "No" when another answers "Yes"
>>is the chance that a prefix's advertisement has not been received
>>on the "No" router before the RS with a landmark query is sent.
>>
>>This is bounded by the delay of the original RA to cross the network,
>>and any robustness factors affecting delivery between pairs of routers.
>>
>>As the solicitor would have to have received the landmark prefix in
>>an RA before it can send the landmark RS, the chances are really
>>quite small that any remaining router would be not be updated
>>before answering the landmark query. 
> 
> In the example I present the above, "NO" is the correct one and
> doesn't result from "that a prefix's advertisement has not been received
> on the "No" router before the RS with a landmark query is sent."

I see your point: the most up-to-date router could respond "NO" based on
updated information.

In that case though, it can also update the other routers with
the appropriate RA (prefix lifetime=0).

The window in that case is still fairly small.

> Correct me wrong but when I looked through Landmark/ CompleteRA 
> last time, I don't see any mechanism to deal with the case two routers
> give conflicting answers, one yes and the other no. Such a case can 
> arise from a lack of synchronization. 

Indeed, this is the same as LinkID, where the out-of-date LinkID is
still used by a router which has not seen the PIO with the prefix
retracted.

While Prefix Landmarks can conceivably answer "Yes" incorrectly
in this case, so would some of the LinkID routers.

A practical solution for Prefix Landmarks may be to partly
ignore "Yes" answers - since they don't require much action: that
is keep the DNA process open if there's a non-movement indication.

The DNA addressing mechanism may be re-normalized (and packet flow can
occur with the global addresses), but subsequent reception of a
trusted "No" RA within (say 500ms) could be used as a hint to re-build
a CPL - which may be a cause to detect change in a few seconds.

Greg



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Subject: Re: [DNA] DNA proposal issue 19 - was [Issue X] LinkID v.s.
 LandmarkPrefix
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        Brett Pentland <brett.pentland@eng.monash.edu.au>,
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Greg,

I think there is also the backward compatibility issue, which you raised.

            jak

----- Original Message -----
From: "Greg Daley" <greg.daley@eng.monash.edu.au>
To: "JinHyeock Choi" <jinchoe@gmail.com>
Cc: "Sathya Narayanan" <sathya@research.panasonic.com>; "Brett Pentland"
<brett.pentland@eng.monash.edu.au>; "James Kempf"
<Kempf@docomolabs-usa.com>; "Dna" <dna@eng.monash.edu.au>
Sent: Wednesday, July 20, 2005 11:52 PM
Subject: Re: [DNA] DNA proposal issue 19 - was [Issue X] LinkID v.s.
LandmarkPrefix


> Hi JinHyeock,
>
> JinHyeock Choi wrote:
> > Sathya
> >
> > Sorry for a late reply. After FRD completeion, I am still busy
> > catching up baglog mails.
> >
> >
> >>I don't think this is accurate in comparison to synchronizing for
> >>prefix-LinkID. Prefix LinkID requires the completeRA list to be
> >>synchronized in each of the routers so that the least prefix can be
> >>selected from the list as LinkID. So the synchronization/bandwidth
> >>requirements are the same for both CompleteRA and Prefix LinkID.
> >
> >
> > I may not be clear.
> >
> > The difficulty in synchronization lies in when a prefix is added or
> > removed. There is a scheme for graceful linkid change in Linkid but,
> > correct me wrong, nothing like that in Landmark/ CompleteRA.
>
> I think that there's no scheme defined in Landmark/CompleteRA,
> but (in my guess) the choice of the scheme itself will significantly
> affect whether particular "config" change management (rather than link
> change management) schemes are needed.
>
> > I remember that DT discussed much about the flapping
> > probmem in CompleteRA synchronization difficulty (w.r.t the prefix
> > number) in 'CompleteRA Polished' thread.
>
> Thanks for the pointer to this thread.
>
> I think there are two or three related threads:
>
> Complete RA Polished
> http://www.ctie.monash.edu.au/warchive/dna-dt/2005-03/msg00157.html
>
> Complete RA Re-polished
> http://www.ctie.monash.edu.au/warchive/dna-dt/2005-04/msg00009.html
>
> LinkID Polished
> http://www.ctie.monash.edu.au/warchive/dna-dt/2005-04/msg00097.html
> and
> http://www.ctie.monash.edu.au/warchive/dna-dt/2005-04/threads.html
>
>
> It's good to know that there's been so much work on this (and
> that everyone can read it).
>
> There were a lot of differences between individual schemes
> as portrayed before (in April) and now though.  This may
> affect the way prefix addition or subtraction works.
>
> Given the individual current schemes though, let's try to characterise
> the effects of addition or substraction of prefixes on each protocol
> as configured today.
>
> Does that sound reasonable?
>
> I guess that if the state + processing requirements for
> Landmark/CompleteRA and LinkID are comparable (which I've
> indicated may be the case), implementation experiences are
> qualitative, and in the normal case
> (and non-DNA case) all schemes act sensibly, the
> main issues will probably be:
>
> * Synchronization/How the schemes react to change of prefixes.
>
> * Packet Sizes
>
> Does this sound like the right criteria to compare
> the schemes on?
>
> There may not be a clear winner with any of these, and
> it may be that the WG just chooses a particular
> scheme it likes.
>
> The comparison is likely to help with forming that opinion,
> and may actually highlight a winner.
>
> Should we go ahead?
>
> It may mean some in-depth description of how the schemes
> currently handle change (which may take some discussion).
>
> I think that we need to compare packet sizes for:
>
> RS/RA exchange for each scheme (or set of schemes) as described
>        in current drafts.
>
> Where:
>
> a) 1 prefix is shared by all routers
>
> b) 1 distinct prefix is configured on each router.
>
> c) 1 prefix is shared by all routers and one additional prefix is
>                 advertised by one router (big or small prefix).
>
> We should probably do this for 1,2 routers (though the third
> test may be a bit simple with 1 router - one router 2 prefixes).
>
> We should sum the sizes of the response RAs for all routers.
>
> Does this sound OK with people?
>
> Greg
>





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Subject: Dormant Mode and DNA (was: Re: [DNA] Re: About
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> > I think that the problem in DNA comes (primarily) where there's
> > lingering state in the network: a host or router which hasn't seen
> > the zero lifetime retraction.
> >
> > A zero lifetime retraction is a valid mechanism, but intermittently
> > connected hosts may not receive the notification that the prefix is
> > no longer connected.
>
> Dormant mode also gives a problem.
>
> For example, assume a link with prefix Prefix1. A node N receives
> a prefix A::, then becomes dormant for a while. Meanwhile Prefix 1
> is removed from the link and moved to the other link. Because
> N is in dormant mode, it doesn't know about this. Then N happens
> to move and awake to attach itself to the latter link. Because it sees
> Prefix1, it will falsely assume that it still is at the same link.
>
> > I'd like to sit and think for a little while and determine if there's
> > a completely safe way to handle knowledge used for CPL (or CompleteRA
> > etc.) without facing the danger that the prefixes will be classified
> > as belonging to one link (when in fact they belong to two, from two
> > different times).
>

Like I said during the design team discussions, dormant mode must be handled
separately. When the host drops into dormant mode, it must invalidate any
local link state and start from scratch when it comes out. There is other
local link state that needs to be handled like this, for example
autoconfigured addresses. The node shouldn't have to wake up in order to
defend its address. Hence, there is no point in having it hang onto DNA
state.

Personally, I think we need to spend some time thinking about dormant mode a
little more deeply, rather than trying to bring issues involving dormant
mode up piecemeal in various contexts (it came up recently during the MIPv6
to IPv4 DT discussions too). These peripherial discussions lead to rather
superficial suggestions for solutions, that don't consider the entire
spectrum of what is needed to properly support dormant mode.

Perhaps we need to have a BOF specifically on dormant mode support.

            jak






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From: Brett Pentland <brett.pentland@eng.monash.edu.au>
Subject: Re: [DNA] DNA proposal issue 19 - was [Issue X] LinkID v.s. Landmark
 Prefix
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Hi JinHyeock,

>>>As we have implemented the linkid scheme, we did not find any such problems.
>>>For landmark also all the Routers need know about all other prefixes, otherwie
>>>the host may get conflict answers.
>>
>>It doesn't need to know all the prefixes (as described in a previous
>>thread).  It needs to know what prefixes it definitely has locally.
>>
>>In that case, it can answer "Yes" immediately.  Answering "No" takes
>>definitive knowledge and synchronization.   
> 
> 
> Answering "Yes" also takes definite knowledge and synchronization. 
> 
> Allow me an example. Assume a link with two routers R1 and R2. 
> R1 advertises Prefix1 and R2 advertise Prefix2 and Prefix3. 
> R1 and R2 gathers the prefixes to make the complete prefix list
> {Prefix1, Prefix2, Prefix3}.
> 
> Then R2 removes Prefix3 but the RA advertising the removal 
> was lost and R1 doesn't receive it. So afterwards, if a (dormant) 
> host send an RS with Prefix3 to R1, it will falsely answer "YES", 
> i.e. Prefix3 is in this link. 
> 
> Am I missing something? 

Well, "YES" is the answer that LinkID would give too.  The LinkID would
not have changed on R1 and the host would correctly recognise that it is
NOT a link change.  So how is it better?

With Landmarks, when the subsequent advertisement from R2 came in it
would say NO, and list the available prefixes. This list would have some
overlap with the prefixes that the host has seen and so it would again
realise that there is no link change, and yet would be able to see that
Prefix3's lifetime is zero and it had better use a different Landmark
next time.

You say that LinkID has a method to deal with changing prefixes.  Hosts
keep a record previously seen LinkIDs so that they can recognise
changes. Isn't this implicit in the CompleteRA aspect of the landmark
proposal?  Each of the prefixes can be thought of as a LinkID, and any
overlap between the prefixes in a CompleteRA and the prefixes that the
host has seen implies non-movement.

Putting aside, for the moment, cases where a prefix is moved to a new
link before its lifetime advertised on the old link has expired, your
own example shows how the Landmark part deals with changes effectively.
A YES answer will only occur if the prefix has been used on the link and
so will not be wrong in the sense that the current link is the same one
where the Landmark came from.  If that prefix is in the process of being 
removed, then very soon a NO answer will arrive from the applicable
router informing the host of this and providing the prefixes that are
available.  Note also that the window of oportunity for this to happen
is quite small as the router that removed the prefix should advertise
this fact several times in a fairly short space of time so that all
of the routers on the link are aware of the change.

Returning to cases where prefixes can be reasigned to a new link before
the expiry of a previously advertised valid lifetime on another link,
both of the proposals face the same issue and need to deal with it by
placing rules about how the reassignment is done.  If a host sees a
LinkID or a Landmark on one link, fails to see advertisements that the
valid lifetime has been shortened, and then sees the same LinkID /
Landmark on another link, they will fail to detect the link change.

Cheers,
Brett.



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Date: Fri, 22 Jul 2005 13:41:25 +0530
From: Subba Reddy <subbareddy@samsung.com>
Subject: Re: [DNA] DNA proposal issue 19 - was [Issue X]LinkIDv.s.LandmarkPrefix
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Hi Satya,

>
> > So, in conclusion, the synchronization requirement and
> > complexity for Landmark, CompleteRA and LinkID are the same - all three
> > of them require that all the routers on the link know about all the
> > prefixes on the link within a reasonable time - the difference is only
> > in the content of the RS/RA messages. Do you agree?
>
> No. Linkid draft deals with synchronization problem by taking extra
> care of linkid prefix with such schemes as "linkid prefix list" or "linkid
> prefix lifetime".

In linkid sceme ,Even if some routers misses some RAs (containing changed
prefix information), because of which, these routers will be advertising old
linkid,
hosts will not make wrong decision by looking at different linkids
advertised
by different routers.

If the routers can learn change in prefixes in 1.5 hours, it is not a
problem in linkid.
I think 1.5 hours (i.e, atleast 3 RAs will be transmitted) is fairly good
enough.

Thanks & Regards,
Subba Reddy

>It's my guess that, for CompleteRA or Landamrk, such
> extra cares need to be be applied to all the prefixes.
>
> Best Regards
>
> JinHyeock
>
>




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Date: Fri, 22 Jul 2005 17:33:41 +0900
From: JinHyeock Choi <jinchoe@gmail.com>
Subject: Re: [DNA] DNA proposal issue 19 - was [Issue X] LinkID v.s.
 LandmarkPrefix
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Greg

> I think there are two or three related threads:
> 
> Complete RA Polished
> http://www.ctie.monash.edu.au/warchive/dna-dt/2005-03/msg00157.html
> 
> Complete RA Re-polished
> http://www.ctie.monash.edu.au/warchive/dna-dt/2005-04/msg00009.html
> 
> LinkID Polished
> http://www.ctie.monash.edu.au/warchive/dna-dt/2005-04/msg00097.html
> and
> http://www.ctie.monash.edu.au/warchive/dna-dt/2005-04/threads.html
> 
> It's good to know that there's been so much work on this (and
> that everyone can read it).

It will be nice if the above threads are of help. 

> There were a lot of differences between individual schemes
> as portrayed before (in April) and now though.  This may
> affect the way prefix addition or subtraction works.

Actually the main changes results from the synchronization
difficulties. 

> Given the individual current schemes though, let's try to characterise
> the effects of addition or substraction of prefixes on each protocol
> as configured today.
> 
> Does that sound reasonable?
> 
> I guess that if the state + processing requirements for
> Landmark/CompleteRA and LinkID are comparable (which I've
> indicated may be the case), implementation experiences are
> qualitative, and in the normal case
> (and non-DNA case) all schemes act sensibly, the
> main issues will probably be:
> 
> * Synchronization/How the schemes react to change of prefixes.
> 
> * Packet Sizes
> 
> Does this sound like the right criteria to compare
> the schemes on?

It's my opinion that just the above two are too narrow a criteria,
(though I agree that both of them good). I think other criteria such 
as 'complexity (as Jak mentioned)' need to be considered. Kindly 
allow me some time to contemplate other criteria. 
 
> There may not be a clear winner with any of these, and
> it may be that the WG just chooses a particular
> scheme it likes.

ok. 

> The comparison is likely to help with forming that opinion,
> and may actually highlight a winner.
> 
> Should we go ahead?

I think the comparison list is of help. 

> It may mean some in-depth description of how the schemes
> currently handle change (which may take some discussion).
> 
> I think that we need to compare packet sizes for:
> 
> RS/RA exchange for each scheme (or set of schemes) as described
>       in current drafts.

I think we should compare the general bandwidth consumption 
between two schemes (including unsolicited RAs). 

Best Regards

JinHyeock



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Date: Fri, 22 Jul 2005 17:49:23 +0900
From: JinHyeock Choi <jinchoe@gmail.com>
Subject: Re: [DNA] DNA proposal issue 19 - was [Issue X] LinkID v.s. Landmark
 Prefix
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Greg 

> Right at the bottom is a proposal for a "Graceful"
> means of surviving flash renumbering with Prefix Landmarks.
> 
> It's not really necessary in the general case if routers
> retract prefixes with lifetime=0 advertisements, if they
> wish to assign the prefix elsewhere before normal
> lifetime expiry.

I have difficulty understanding that. Does that take into consideration 
packet loss?  

> > As of my memory, WG didn't made such a decision.
> 
> It made the decision at the same time it discarded Numeric LinkIDs,
> Deterministic FastRA etc: when it agreed to focus on 0ne or Two
> potential solutions (with specific properties) at the last IETF.

No, it didn't make such a decision. (It's strange that it was claimed
that Linkid had been decided to be removed when I presented it. )

At the time of Minneapolis meeting, as possible DNA solution candidates, 
I had in mind 'CompleteRA', 'Prefix based Linkid' and 'FRD'. So I took 
extra and intentional care that WG would not throw away those 3 schemes. 

As of my memory, only "ruling out" process happened during DT 
discussion at Wednesday morning and neither one of three schemes 
was ruled out at the meeting. 

I cc Brett's mail after the meeting to back up my memory. 

----------------------------------------------------------
   Hi guys,

   Yesterday we agreed that several of the techniques that we have
   discussed are probably not worth pursuing.  Those are:

   Explicit LinkID - random
   Explicit LinkID - hash of prefixes
   Priority Landmark
   Simple FastRA
   Deterministic FastRA

   That leaves us with the following:

   Link detection:
       Explicit LinkID - agreed prefix
       CompleteRA
       Requested Landmark
       Hybrid Landmark

   Fast advertisement:
       Fast Router Discovery
       Hash-ordered FastRA (is that a bit easier to say?  :) )
       Probabilistic FastRA

   Cheers,
   Brett.

----------------------------------------------------------

> > It's my opinion that if one scheme can perform DNA without RS involvement,
> > that's the pro for the scheme we need to take into consideration.
> 
> It's no more a pro for LinkID than for CompleteRA.

ok. At this point, my assertion is only that 

the above is a worthy criterion to consider when we evaluate schemes. 

> > According to the current CPL recommendation, it will take 4 secs for
> > a host to generate the complete prefix list. I think it's rather an
> > exceptional case for a host to change attachment within 4 secs
> > after network attachment.
> 
> It's not that hard to change attachment points quickly with ping-pong.
> This is a well known problem.
> 
> I'm not in strict agreement with the single RS for CPL,
> since RA messages can be lost, and you can end up with half a CPL.
> 
> If you transit outside the cell within 4 seconds, false link change
> detection occurs.
>
> I'd prefer "At least 1" or "Defaults to 1" x 4 seconds.

Right but I am not arguing that such a case is impossible. I am 
talking only that such a case seems to be rather an exception. 

Also this is why we think that it is ok for a host to
send 1 RS and waits for 4 secs to collect (solicited) RAs
and declare CCL complete.

Without a packet loss, the host will generate the complete prefix list.

Even some packet loss may cause an incomplete prefix list,
there is a further chance for the host to get the missing prefixes
before it receives link UP notification, i.e. moves to another AP.

Even the host moves to another AP with incomplete prefix list,
the first RA may contain the prefix in its prefix list.

Considering all those above, even if the host performs only one
RS/ RA exchange, it will be very rare for the host to falsely
assume a link change. So I think that occasional additional
signaling  is acceptable.

> >>>As we have implemented the linkid scheme, we did not find any such problems.
> >>>For landmark also all the Routers need know about all other prefixes, otherwie
> >>>the host may get conflict answers.
> >>
> >>It doesn't need to know all the prefixes (as described in a previous
> >>thread).  It needs to know what prefixes it definitely has locally.
> >>
> >>In that case, it can answer "Yes" immediately.  Answering "No" takes
> >>definitive knowledge and synchronization.
> >
> >
> > Answering "Yes" also takes definite knowledge and synchronization.
>  >
> > Allow me an example. Assume a link with two routers R1 and R2.
> > R1 advertises Prefix1 and R2 advertise Prefix2 and Prefix3.
> > R1 and R2 gathers the prefixes to make the complete prefix list
> > {Prefix1, Prefix2, Prefix3}.
> >
> > Then R2 removes Prefix3 but the RA advertising the removal
> > was lost and R1 doesn't receive it. So afterwards, if a (dormant)
> > host send an RS with Prefix3 to R1, it will falsely answer "YES",
> > i.e. Prefix3 is in this link.
> >
> >  Am I missing something?
> 
> Yes.
> 
> The same thing happens with LinkID
> 
> In this case, the Router1 will not identify that the LinkID has changed
> either, if the smallest prefix disappears (for example if Prefix3 is
> actually the smallest prefix).
> 
> Responses for LinkID will therefore also conflict, Router1 will
> have a LinkID of prefix Prefix3, even if that prefix has been
> assigned to an adjacent link.

Linkid is designed to deal with such a pathological case with 
linkid prefix list.  Kindly check Sec 3 and 4. 

> For Prefix Landmarking:
> 
> If any RAs by received by R1 indicating that the lifetime is
> diminished, this will time out the entries.  Any single reception
> of a lifetime zero advertisement from the owning router will
> remove the prefix.
> 
> This is the same as LinkID.
> 
> So if Prefix Landmarking believes the prefix is still on-link
> (and Prefix Landmarking has similar timers for lifetimes that
> LinkID does) then the incorrect state will last about as long
> for either.
> 
> The assumption is that prefixes retracted without (effective)
> zero lifetime advertisement and assigned to another link cause
> problems for up to 90 minutes or so:
> 
> This is the same for Prefix Landmarks, CompleteRA, LinkID and
> (in hosts' view) CPL.
>
> This is a very tight corner case, since routers listen to RAs
> in DNA, don't sleep, and routers should retract prefixes.
> 
> At least with CompleteRA, you can ignore learned DNAO contents
> since the rest of the CompleteRA will not match the existing
> Complete Prefix List.

I have difficulty following the above. 

> >>A prefix which answers
> >>"Yes" will supercede a "No" if it is received first.
> >
> >
> > I guess the same applies for "NO".
> >
> > "NO" will supercede a "YES", if it is received first, right?
> 
> Yes, but a false movement detection is actually better than a false
> non-movement detection, since the host recovers in milliseconds, not
> minutes.

Does the above mean "NO" will always supercede "YES", because 
a false movement detection is actually better than a false non-movement 
detection?

> > In the example I present the above, "NO" is the correct one and
> > doesn't result from "that a prefix's advertisement has not been received
> > on the "No" router before the RS with a landmark query is sent."
> 
> I see your point: the most up-to-date router could respond "NO" based on
> updated information.
> 
> In that case though, it can also update the other routers with
> the appropriate RA (prefix lifetime=0).

Yes, but it needs additional mechanism to ensure every routers 
will receive the appropriate RA. 

> > Correct me wrong but when I looked through Landmark/ CompleteRA
> > last time, I don't see any mechanism to deal with the case two routers
> > give conflicting answers, one yes and the other no. Such a case can
> > arise from a lack of synchronization.
> 
> Indeed, this is the same as LinkID, where the out-of-date LinkID is
> still used by a router which has not seen the PIO with the prefix
> retracted.
>
> While Prefix Landmarks can conceivably answer "Yes" incorrectly
> in this case, so would some of the LinkID routers.

As I wrote above, it will not affect DNA performance for Linkid. 
Kindly look over the draft. 

> A practical solution for Prefix Landmarks may be to partly
> ignore "Yes" answers - since they don't require much action: that
> is keep the DNA process open if there's a non-movement indication.
> 
> The DNA addressing mechanism may be re-normalized (and packet flow can
> occur with the global addresses), but subsequent reception of a
> trusted "No" RA within (say 500ms) could be used as a hint to re-build
> a CPL - which may be a cause to detect change in a few seconds.

Maybe, but the scheme seems to become more complicated. At least, I
come to have difficulty following your arguments. 

Best Regards

JinHyeock



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Date: Fri, 22 Jul 2005 23:03:05 +1000
From: Greg Daley <Greg.Daley@eng.monash.edu.au>
Subject: Re: [DNA] DNA proposal issue 19 - was [Issue X] LinkID v.s.
 LandmarkPrefix
Sender: owner-dna@ecselists.eng.monash.edu.au
To: JinHyeock Choi <jinchoe@gmail.com>
Cc: greg.daley@eng.monash.edu.au,
        Sathya Narayanan <sathya@research.panasonic.com>,
        Brett Pentland <brett.pentland@eng.monash.edu.au>,
        James Kempf <Kempf@docomolabs-usa.com>, Dna <dna@eng.monash.edu.au>
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Hi JinHyeock,

I'm not added much, but this time, not removed much
either.


----- Original Message -----
From: JinHyeock Choi <jinchoe@gmail.com>
Date: Friday, July 22, 2005 6:33 pm
Subject: Re: [DNA] DNA proposal issue 19 - was [Issue X] LinkID v.s. 
LandmarkPrefix
> Greg
> 
> > I think there are two or three related threads:
> > 
> > Complete RA Polished
> > http://www.ctie.monash.edu.au/warchive/dna-dt/2005-03/msg00157.html
> > 
> > Complete RA Re-polished
> > http://www.ctie.monash.edu.au/warchive/dna-dt/2005-04/msg00009.html
> > 
> > LinkID Polished
> > http://www.ctie.monash.edu.au/warchive/dna-dt/2005-04/msg00097.html
> > and
> > http://www.ctie.monash.edu.au/warchive/dna-dt/2005-04/threads.html
> > 
> > It's good to know that there's been so much work on this (and
> > that everyone can read it).
> 
> It will be nice if the above threads are of help. 
> 
> > There were a lot of differences between individual schemes
> > as portrayed before (in April) and now though.  This may
> > affect the way prefix addition or subtraction works.
> 
> Actually the main changes results from the synchronization
> difficulties. 
> 
> > Given the individual current schemes though, let's try to 
> characterise> the effects of addition or substraction of prefixes 
> on each protocol
> > as configured today.
> > 
> > Does that sound reasonable?
> > 
> > I guess that if the state + processing requirements for
> > Landmark/CompleteRA and LinkID are comparable (which I've
> > indicated may be the case), implementation experiences are
> > qualitative, and in the normal case
> > (and non-DNA case) all schemes act sensibly, the
> > main issues will probably be:
> > 
> > * Synchronization/How the schemes react to change of prefixes.
> > 
> > * Packet Sizes
> > 
> > Does this sound like the right criteria to compare
> > the schemes on?
> 
> It's my opinion that just the above two are too narrow a criteria,
> (though I agree that both of them good). I think other criteria 
> such 
> as 'complexity (as Jak mentioned)' need to be considered. Kindly 
> allow me some time to contemplate other criteria. 


Computational/Storage Complexity is simple to calculate.

Comparison of text or implementation LOCs doesn't help unless
direct comparison of complete schemes is possible though.

Please consider criteria though. We can work on the simple comparisons
first if need be.

> > There may not be a clear winner with any of these, and
> > it may be that the WG just chooses a particular
> > scheme it likes.
> 
> ok. 
> 
> > The comparison is likely to help with forming that opinion,
> > and may actually highlight a winner.
> > 
> > Should we go ahead?
> 
> I think the comparison list is of help. 
> 
> > It may mean some in-depth description of how the schemes
> > currently handle change (which may take some discussion).
> > 
> > I think that we need to compare packet sizes for:
> > 
> > RS/RA exchange for each scheme (or set of schemes) as described
> >       in current drafts.
> 
> I think we should compare the general bandwidth consumption 
> between two schemes (including unsolicited RAs). 


Oh Yes:   I guess that the LinkID and CompleteRA schemes
consume additional bandwidth with ongoing advertisements,
so it's relevant.

Brett had done some work on that previously for the early DT work,
so we may see if it's still applicable

I'll be travelling over the weekend, so that may slow things down.
Greg



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Date: Fri, 22 Jul 2005 09:29:09 -0400
From: Sathya Narayanan <sathya@research.panasonic.com>
Subject: Re: [DNA] DNA proposal issue 19 - was	[IssueX]LinkIDv.s.LandmarkPrefix
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----- Original Message -----
From: JinHyeock Choi <jinchoe@gmail.com>
Date: Friday, July 22, 2005 1:53 am
Subject: Re: [DNA] DNA proposal issue 19 - was [Issue	X]LinkIDv.s.LandmarkPrefix

> Dear Sathya
> 
> > So, in conclusion, the synchronization requirement and
> > complexity for Landmark, CompleteRA and LinkID are the same - 
> all three
> > of them require that all the routers on the link know about all the
> > prefixes on the link within a reasonable time - the difference 
> is only
> > in the content of the RS/RA messages. Do you agree?
> 
> No. Linkid draft deals with synchronization problem by taking 
> extra 
> care of linkid prefix with such schemes as "linkid prefix list" or 
> "linkid 
> prefix lifetime". It's my guess that, for CompleteRA or Landamrk, 
> such 
> extra cares need to be be applied to all the prefixes. 
> 
If the LinkID is being chosen based on some rule (the smallest prefix in the Complete Prefix List) applied to the complete prefix list, then LinkID solution must also make sure that all the routers have the same list. I understand that the hosts maintain a LinkID list, but that doesn't make it OK to have routers in the same link to be advertising different LinkID.  (as an aside, it is more accurate to refer to this solution as LinkIDList - because AFAIK, the host, the router and the RA will contain a LinkIDList - the list may contain one or more entries - right?).

Sathya




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From: Brett Pentland <brett.pentland@eng.monash.edu.au>
Subject: Re: [DNA] New I-D: draft-vogt-dna-relocation-00.txt
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Hi Erik, Christian,

>   > This sounds good for most communications (assuming that most
> 
>> communications with the host go through the router).  There
>> might still be a bit of a problem if an on-link device (other
>> than the router) tries to send a packet to the optimistic
>> address before the MLD report goes out since the host won't
>> receive the resulting NS from this on-link node.  I guess this
>> might come up if the host is a mobile node and tries to perform
>> route optimization with a node that just happens to be connected
>> to the same link as itself.
> 
> 
> But in that case wouldn't the new host send a NS as part of 
> communicating with the CoA of the peer? I guess it depends on the 
> details of any MIPv6 RO procedure.

Ah yes.  For some reason a forgot that the MN would be the one
initiating the communication.  Is there any way that an on-link
node could obtain the MN's CoA and try to initiate a
communication?

Brett.



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From: JinHyeock Choi <jinchoe@gmail.com>
Subject: Re: [DNA] DNA proposal issue 19 - was [Issue X] LinkID v.s.
 LandmarkPrefix
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Dear Greg

> > It's my opinion that just the above two are too narrow a criteria,
> > (though I agree that both of them good). I think other criteria
> > such
> > as 'complexity (as Jak mentioned)' need to be considered. Kindly
> > allow me some time to contemplate other criteria.
> 
> Computational/Storage Complexity is simple to calculate.
> 
> Comparison of text or implementation LOCs doesn't help unless
> direct comparison of complete schemes is possible though.
> 
> Please consider criteria though. We can work on the simple comparisons
> first if need be.

I think that comparison needs to be made in whole aspect of schemes 
so that we can properly contemplate pro & con. Complexity may be 
a difficult one to measure (in number) but nevertheless an important factor
just like 'robustness'. 

> I'll be travelling over the weekend, so that may slow things down.

I wish you have a nice trip. 

Best Regards

JinHyeock



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Date: Mon, 25 Jul 2005 01:51:29 +1000
From: Greg Daley <Greg.Daley@eng.monash.edu.au>
Subject: Re: [DNA] DNA proposal issue 19 - was [Issue X] LinkID v.s.
 LandmarkPrefix
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To: JinHyeock Choi <jinchoe@gmail.com>
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Hi JinHyeock, 

----- Original Message -----
From: JinHyeock Choi <jinchoe@gmail.com>
Date: Saturday, July 23, 2005 1:19 pm
Subject: Re: [DNA] DNA proposal issue 19 - was [Issue X] LinkID v.s. 
LandmarkPrefix
> Dear Greg
> 
> > > It's my opinion that just the above two are too narrow a 
criteria,
> > > (though I agree that both of them good). I think other criteria
> > > such
> > > as 'complexity (as Jak mentioned)' need to be considered. Kindly
> > > allow me some time to contemplate other criteria.
> > 
> > Computational/Storage Complexity is simple to calculate.
> > 
> > Comparison of text or implementation LOCs doesn't help unless
> > direct comparison of complete schemes is possible though.
> > 
> > Please consider criteria though. We can work on the simple 
> > comparisons first if need be.
> 
> I think that comparison needs to be made in whole aspect of 
> schemes so that we can properly contemplate pro & con.
> Complexity may be a difficult one to measure (in number) but
> nevertheless an important factor just like 'robustness'. 

I've made a first pass at complexity analysis (on all the schemes),
based on assumptions from computer science.  I'll pass these to 
you for comment.

These aren't based on the implementations, only on what is 
required for the drafts.

Does this sound like a good idea?

Greg



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Date: Sun, 24 Jul 2005 12:09:05 -0700
From: Erik Nordmark <erik.nordmark@sun.com>
Subject: Re: [DNA] [Issue X] LinkID v.s. Landmark Prefix
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JinHyeock Choi wrote:

> Linkid deals with this problem with special schemes as as Linkid prefix 
> list and a few advertisement rules, such as keep advertising old linkid
> after a linkid change for the time being. But for CompleteRA (also for 
> Landmark), as of my knowledge, no such mechanism is devised yet, 
> though I myself had worked on it before I switched to linkid. My thought 
> is that it's easier to synchronize one prefix rather than synchronize all 
> the prefixes on the link. 

I'm not sure it is conceptually simpler to synchronize one item chosen 
from a set, than forming the set.

In the latter case each router forms the union of its own advertised 
prefixes and the prefixes it receives in RAs. Thus there can be no 
conflict; there is no selection of a prefix.

In the former case, there can be transients when the sending and 
receiving router have a different idea of what the selected linkID 
prefix should be, thus one needs to worry about how such transients are 
handled. (One can avoid that complexity by not trying to form a single 
linkID all the time, but instead let each router picks its own linkID 
prefix and tell the other routers. I haven't worked out the details of 
such a scheme though.)

    Erik




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Date: Sat, 23 Jul 2005 13:12:49 +0900
From: JinHyeock Choi <jinchoe@gmail.com>
Subject: Re: [DNA] DNA proposal issue 19 - was [Issue X] LinkID v.s.
 LandmarkPrefix
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Dear Jak

> jak>> Why is this so important? I believe 802.16 (which I think you are
> interested in) 

You know I do very much so. :-) 

> has bandwidths between 1 - 5 Mbps, and 3.9 G is up to 20
> Mbps. 9.6 kbps links aren't really that important anymore.

My point is that, if we are to compare packet size as Greg suggested, 
we need to compare all the packet size coming from each scheme, 
not only the packet size of one RS/ RA exchange.  

Also I talked with WiBro/ 802.16 developers here and they don't like
spending bandwidth on Neighbor Discovery signaling messages. (maybe
that's because those messages use up broadcast bandwidth.)  

Thanks in advance for your kind consideration. 

Best Regards

JinHyeock



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Subject: Re: [DNA] DNA proposal issue 19 - was [Issue X] LinkID v.s.
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> has bandwidths between 1 - 5 Mbps, and 3.9 G is up to 20
> Mbps. 9.6 kbps links aren't really that important anymore.

My point is that, if we are to compare packet size as Greg suggested,
we need to compare all the packet size coming from each scheme,
not only the packet size of one RS/ RA exchange.

jak>> But how often will this signaling take place? I think one must be
realistic about the critera. If the signaling only takes place every
handover, then I think that the size isn't really relevant, within reason of
course. We're not talking about a periodic beacon in that case.

jak>> To compare, 802.21 is talking about providing a way whereby, on each
handover, a mobile terminal could obtain information on wireless networks.
These information element laden messages are likely to be large. But the
frequency, AFICT, is exactly the same as for RS/RA. Noboby is worried about
reducing the size of these messages.

Also I talked with WiBro/ 802.16 developers here and they don't like
spending bandwidth on Neighbor Discovery signaling messages. (maybe
that's because those messages use up broadcast bandwidth.)

jak>> So it seems like there is an assumption that this signaling will take
place on the broadcast channel? Is that right? Has WiMax Forum already
decided to do IP signaling on the broadcast channel?

jak>> I think there are more important criteria, like backward
compatibility. How would each of these methods handle having a nonDNA router
on the link, or handover between a DNA link and a nonDNA link? These are the
kinds of issues that will negatively or positively impact deployment
potential, not whether one or the other technique has a couple fewer bytes
in the best case.

            jak





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Date: Sun, 24 Jul 2005 23:45:08 +0200
From: Christian Vogt <chvogt@tm.uka.de>
Subject: Re: [DNA] New I-D: draft-vogt-dna-relocation-00.txt
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Hi Brett,

thanks for the feedback.

 > Regarding the potential solution in section 4.2, I gather you are
 > talking about something like:
 >
 > - Host sends RS with optimistic unicast source address and TSLLAO
 > - Router replies with unicast RA (using LLA from TSLLAO)
 > - Host only then sends MLD report (after delay)
 > - Host send NS for oDAD

Exactly, this is what we are having in mind.

The ODAD specification currently demands that the MN must send the 
initial NS (4th step above) before it can use an optimistic address. 
But this implies that the MLD Report would be the very first message, 
inducing a delay of up to a second.

Our proposal is to allow the MN to use the optimistic address before 
sending the initial NS.

 > This sounds good for most communications (assuming that most
 > communications with the host go through the router).  There
 > might still be a bit of a problem if an on-link device (other
 > than the router) tries to send a packet to the optimistic
 > address before the MLD report goes out since the host won't
 > receive the resulting NS from this on-link node.  I guess this
 > might come up if the host is a mobile node and tries to perform
 > route optimization with a node that just happens to be connected
 > to the same link as itself.

Good point.  In this case, the mobile node should recognize that its 
correspondent's address is on-link.  And it would initiate address 
resolution for the correspondent's address by sending a NS to the 
solicited-nodes address.  If the mobile node adds a TSLLAO to that NS, 
the correspondent should be able to respond (provided it understands the 
TSLLAO, which we have to assume in this case, I guess).

- Christian

-- 
Christian Vogt, Institute of Telematics, University of Karlsruhe
www.tm.uka.de/~chvogt/pubkey/



Brett Pentland wrote:
> Hi Christian,
> 
> Sorry I only just got to read through the draft. Thanks for your
> efforts.  It's a good summary of the situation.
> 
> Regarding the potential solution in section 4.2, I gather you are
> talking about something like:
> 
> - Host sends RS with optimistic unicast source address and TSLLAO
> - Router replies with unicast RA (using LLA from TSLLAO)
> - Host only then sends MLD report (after delay)
> - Host send NS for oDAD
> 
> This sounds good for most communications (assuming that most
> communications with the host go through the router).  There
> might still be a bit of a problem if an on-link device (other
> than the router) tries to send a packet to the optimistic
> address before the MLD report goes out since the host won't
> receive the resulting NS from this on-link node.  I guess this
> might come up if the host is a mobile node and tries to perform
> route optimization with a node that just happens to be connected
> to the same link as itself.
> 
> Any thoughts?
> Brett.





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From: Brett Pentland <brett.pentland@eng.monash.edu.au>
Subject: Re: [DNA] DNA proposal issue 19 - was [Issue X] LinkID v.s. Landmark
 Prefix
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> I gave the above example only to show that both "YES" and "NO" need
> "definite knowledge and synchronization". I didn't give it to show linkid's 
> superiority. (I'll prepare a better one. Just wait. :-)) 

:)

> Correct me wrong, but in ComplteRA or Landmark, there is no 
> mechanism which ensures that always such a linking (or overlapping) 
> prefix exists.  

That's almost the definition of Complete RA.  All routers should be
advertising the same set of prefixes so that pretty much ensures
overlap.  The only way for there not to be is for a router which has
no learned prefixes (ie. all of the prefixes it is advertising are
explicitly configured on it) to instantly stop advertising those
prefixes and start advertising a new set.  It's trivial to add a rule
to say don't do that.

>>Putting aside, for the moment, cases where a prefix is moved to a new
>>link before its lifetime advertised on the old link has expired, your
>>own example shows how the Landmark part deals with changes effectively.
>>A YES answer will only occur if the prefix has been used on the link and
>>so will not be wrong in the sense that the current link is the same one
>>where the Landmark came from.  If that prefix is in the process of being
>>removed, then very soon a NO answer will arrive from the applicable
>>router informing the host of this and providing the prefixes that are
>>available.  Note also that the window of oportunity for this to happen
>>is quite small as the router that removed the prefix should advertise
>>this fact several times in a fairly short space of time so that all
>>of the routers on the link are aware of the change.
> 
> 
> I can think of more pathological example easily by cut and paste from 
> old DT ML.   
> 
> Assume a host having two prefix A and B, and making one address with
> A and the other with B. Assume prefix A goes through prefix renumbering
> and early reassignment and the host follows it. Then it will not perceive 
> that it can't no longer use the address with prefix B:. 

True, but LinkID doesn't prevent that either.  Both methods need to
manage that through the imposition of rules for renumbering, and the
setting of timeouts on DNA information.
> 
> 
>>Returning to cases where prefixes can be reasigned to a new link before
>>the expiry of a previously advertised valid lifetime on another link,
>>both of the proposals face the same issue and need to deal with it by
>>placing rules about how the reassignment is done.  If a host sees a
>>LinkID or a Landmark on one link, fails to see advertisements that the
>>valid lifetime has been shortened, and then sees the same LinkID /
>>Landmark on another link, they will fail to detect the link change.
> 
> 
> Linkid draft sets the rule to prevent such a case. So I may say that 
> Linkid is safe from flash renumbering and early reassignment, unless 
> there is a human error, (from which no scheme can be safe 100 %.)  . 

And those same rules apply equally well to Landmark/CompleteRA.

Brett.



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From: JinHyeock Choi <jinchoe@gmail.com>
Subject: Re: [DNA] DNA proposal issue 19 - was [Issue X] LinkID v.s. Landmark
 Prefix
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Jak

> The minutes of the IETF 62 meeting show that I proposed taking FastRA out of
> contention, because it is very link specific (it would not work for 3.9G for
> example), and referring it to the proper link standardization group
> (probably 802.21). 

I remember very well of it. You also kindly proposed to make 
an Informational RFC out of it. Also it was of much help for 
you to point out 802.21. 

> Unfortuantely, there is no record of a consensus call on
> this proposal in the minutes.  

Unfortunately, no action was taken. :-(

> I'd like to renew my proposal and suggest to
> the chairs that a consensus call be done at a convenient time.

ok. But before the decision is made, I expect a chance to present 
the scheme properly.  

> We cannot make progress on getting this standard complete if discussion
> never results in any decisions being made.

agree. It took us 3 meetings to make a decision on CPL. :-(

Best Regards

JinHyeock



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 <42DF4642.3090407@eng.monash.edu.au>
 <92e919fb050722013353f58362@mail.gmail.com>
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I think we should compare the general bandwidth consumption
between two schemes (including unsolicited RAs).


jak>> Why is this so important? I believe 802.16 (which I think you are
interested in) has bandwidths between 1 - 5 Mbps, and 3.9 G is up to 20
Mbps. 9.6 kbps links aren't really that important anymore.

            jak





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From: JinHyeock Choi <jinchoe@gmail.com>
Subject: Re: [DNA] DNA proposal issue 19 - was [IssueX]LinkIDv.s.LandmarkPrefix
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Dear Sathya

> If the LinkID is being chosen based on some rule (the smallest prefix in the Complete 
> Prefix List) applied to the complete prefix list, then LinkID solution must also make sure 
> that all the routers have the same list. I understand that the hosts maintain a LinkID list, 
> but that doesn't make it OK to have routers in the same link to be advertising different LinkID.  

Actually it's ok. I designed Linkid such that hosts make a correct decision 
even under such a temporary asynchornization.   

> (as an aside, it is more accurate to refer to this solution as LinkIDList - 
> because AFAIK, the host, the router and the RA will contain a LinkIDList - 
> the list may contain one or more entries - right?).

No, the routers use a single linkid prefix at any given time, 
but due to the possibility that the linkid prefix changing, 
the hosts track the set of linkid prefixes. You may check 
"Comments on linkid draft" thread in DT ML. (Actually this 
is the confusion I was afraid when Erik suggested the 
Linkid List idea. :-( )

Thanks in advance for your kind consideration. 

Best Regards

JinHyeock



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Date: Sun, 24 Jul 2005 12:05:13 -0700
From: Erik Nordmark <erik.nordmark@sun.com>
Subject: Re: [DNA] New I-D: draft-vogt-dna-relocation-00.txt
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Brett Pentland wrote:

> Regarding the potential solution in section 4.2, I gather you are
> talking about something like:
> 
> - Host sends RS with optimistic unicast source address and TSLLAO
> - Router replies with unicast RA (using LLA from TSLLAO)
> - Host only then sends MLD report (after delay)
> - Host send NS for oDAD

Looks good to me.

Presumably the last step isn't needed if the host didn't move to a 
different link. (One might think the same thing applies to the third 
item, but due to MLD/IGMP snooping L2 devices, that wouldn't be safe 
when the host has changed its L2 attachment point.)

   > This sounds good for most communications (assuming that most
> communications with the host go through the router).  There
> might still be a bit of a problem if an on-link device (other
> than the router) tries to send a packet to the optimistic
> address before the MLD report goes out since the host won't
> receive the resulting NS from this on-link node.  I guess this
> might come up if the host is a mobile node and tries to perform
> route optimization with a node that just happens to be connected
> to the same link as itself.

But in that case wouldn't the new host send a NS as part of 
communicating with the CoA of the peer? I guess it depends on the 
details of any MIPv6 RO procedure.

    Erik




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From: Christian Vogt <chvogt@tm.uka.de>
Subject: Re: [DNA] New I-D: draft-vogt-dna-relocation-00.txt
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Hi Erik.

 >> - Host sends RS with optimistic unicast source address and TSLLAO
 >> - Router replies with unicast RA (using LLA from TSLLAO)
 >> - Host only then sends MLD report (after delay)
 >> - Host send NS for oDAD
 >
 > Looks good to me.
 >
 > Presumably the last step isn't needed if the host didn't move to a
 > different link. (One might think the same thing applies to the third
 > item, but due to MLD/IGMP snooping L2 devices, that wouldn't be safe
 > when the host has changed its L2 attachment point.)

Right, ODAD can be canceled when the mobile node learns from the RA that 
it is still on the same IP link.

 >> [...]                                               I guess this
 >> might come up if the host is a mobile node and tries to perform
 >> route optimization with a node that just happens to be connected
 >> to the same link as itself.
 >
 > But in that caFrom dna-owner@webcamserver.eng.monash.edu.au Sun Jul 24 23:36:06 2005
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From: Christian Vogt <chvogt@tm.uka.de>
Subject: Re: [DNA] New I-D: draft-vogt-dna-relocation-00.txt
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Hi Erik.

 >> - Host sends RS with optimistic unicast source address and TSLLAO
 >> - Router replies with unicast RA (using LLA from TSLLAO)
 >> - Host only then sends MLD report (after delay)
 >> - Host send NS for oDAD
 >
 > Looks good to me.
 >
 > Presumably the last step isn't needed if the host didn't move to a
 > different link. (One might think the same thing applies to the third
 > item, but due to MLD/IGMP snooping L2 devices, that wouldn't be safe
 > when the host has changed its L2 attachment point.)

Right, ODAD can be canceled when the mobile node learns from the RA that 
it is still on the same IP link.

 >> [...]                                               I guess this
 >> might come up if the host is a mobile node and tries to perform
 >> route optimization with a node that just happens to be connected
 >> to the same link as itself.
 >
 > But in that case wouldn't the new host send a NS as part of
 > communicating with the CoA of the peer? I guess it depends on the
 > details of any MIPv6 RO procedure.

The mobile node should be fine when it uses a TSLLAO in the NS (and the 
peer understands the TSLLAO).

- Christian

-- 
Christian Vogt, Institute of Telematics, University of Karlsruhe
www.tm.uka.de/~chvogt/pubkey/



Erik Nordmark wrote:
> Brett Pentland wrote:
> 
>> Regarding the potential solution in section 4.2, I gather you are
>> talking about something like:
>>
>> - Host sends RS with optimistic unicast source address and TSLLAO
>> - Router replies with unicast RA (using LLA from TSLLAO)
>> - Host only then sends MLD report (after delay)
>> - Host send NS for oDAD
> 
> 
> Looks good to me.
> 
> Presumably the last step isn't needed if the host didn't move to a 
> different link. (One might think the same thing applies to the third 
> item, but due to MLD/IGMP snooping L2 devices, that wouldn't be safe 
> when the host has changed its L2 attachment point.)
> 
>   > This sounds good for most communications (assuming that most
> 
>> communications with the host go through the router).  There
>> might still be a bit of a problem if an on-link device (other
>> than the router) tries to send a packet to the optimistic
>> address before the MLD report goes out since the host won't
>> receive the resulting NS from this on-link node.  I guess this
>> might come up if the host is a mobile node and tries to perform
>> route optimization with a node that just happens to be connected
>> to the same link as itself.
> 
> 
> But in that case wouldn't the new host send a NS as part of 
> communicating with the CoA of the peer? I guess it depends on the 
> details of any MIPv6 RO procedure.
> 
>    Erik
> 

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Date: Mon, 25 Jul 2005 03:39:07 +1000
From: Greg Daley <Greg.Daley@eng.monash.edu.au>
Subject: Re: [DNA] DNA proposal issue 19 - was [Issue X] LinkID v.s.
 LandmarkPrese wouldn't the new host send a NS as part of
 > communicating with the CoA of the peer? I guess it depends on the
 > details of any MIPv6 RO procedure.

The mobile node should be fine when it uses a TSLLAO in the NS (and the 
peer understands the TSLLAO).

- Christian

-- 
Christian Vogt, Institute of Telematics, University of Karlsruhe
www.tm.uka.de/~chvogt/pubkey/



Erik Nordmark wrote:
> Brett Pentland wrote:
> 
>> Regarding the potential solution in section 4.2, I gather you are
>> talking about something like:
>>
>> - Host sends RS with optimistic unicast source address and TSLLAO
>> - Router replies with unicast RA (using LLA from TSLLAO)
>> - Host only then sends MLD report (after delay)
>> - Host send NS for oDAD
> 
> 
> Looks good to me.
> 
> Presumably the last step isn't needed if the host didn't move to a 
> different link. (One might think the same thing applies to the third 
> item, but due to MLD/IGMP snooping L2 devices, that wouldn't be safe 
> when the host has changed its L2 attachment point.)
> 
>   > This sounds good for most communications (assuming that most
> 
>> communications with the host go through the router).  There
>> might still be a bit of a problem if an on-link device (other
>> than the router) tries to send a packet to the optimistic
>> address before the MLD report goes out since the host won't
>> receive the resulting NS from this on-link node.  I guess this
>> might come up if the host is a mobile node and tries to perform
>> route optimization with a node that just happens to be connected
>> to the same link as itself.
> 
> 
> But in that case wouldn't the new host send a NS as part of 
> communicating with the CoA of the peer? I guess it depends on the 
> details of any MIPv6 RO procedure.
> 
>    Erik
> 

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Date: Mon, 25 Jul 2005 03:39:07 +1000
From: Greg Daley <Greg.Daley@eng.monash.edu.au>
Subject: Re: [DNA] DNA proposal issue 19 - was [Issue X] LinkID v.s.
 LandmarkPrefix
Sender: owner-dna@ecselists.eng.monash.edu.au
To: James Kempf <Kempf@docomolabs-usa.com>
Cc: JinHyeock Choi <jinchoe@gmail.com>, greg.daley@eng.monash.edu.au,
        Sathya Narayanan <sathya@research.panasonic.com>,
        Brett Pentland <brett.pentland@eng.monash.edu.au>,
        Dna <dna@eng.monash.edu.au>
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Hi James, 

There are responses to the top and bottom of your e-mail.

Don't be too despondent until you read the last lines...

----- Original Message -----
From: James Kempf <Kempf@docomolabs-usa.com>
Date: Saturday, July 23, 2005 4:54 pm
Subject: Re: [DNA] DNA proposal issue 19 - was [Issue X] LinkID v.s. 
LandmarkPrefix
> > has bandwidths between 1 - 5 Mbps, and 3.9 G is up to 20
> > Mbps. 9.6 kbps links aren't really that important anymore.
> 
> My point is that, if we are to compare packet size as Greg suggested,
> we need to compare all the packet size coming from each scheme,
> not only the packet size of one RS/ RA exchange.
> 
> jak>> But how often will this signaling take place? I think one 
> must be realistic about the critera. If the signaling only takes
> place every handover, then I think that the size isn't really
> relevant, within reason of course. We're not talking about a
> periodic beacon in that case.

You're right that the burden isn't too great, but one thing touted
as an advantage for Landmarks is their smaller size (with a Yes reply).
So it's a legitimate factor (though not necessarily a big one).

Also, the background cost of LinkID and CompleteRA are relevant,
since there are BNEP bridges available...   

If we compare unsolicited RA overheads we need to stress that with
DNA, the unsolicited rate can be decreased and still receive good 
performance.  We can present the rates for default RFC2461 RA,
with default MinRtrAdvInterval and MaxRtrAdvInterval (in bps), 
given the sample scenarios.

The minimum RA interval values can be presented for comparison, 
with a disclaimer that these values may not be needed.

Does this sound reasonable? (regardless of its necessity??)

I'll see if I can do this for the agreed criteria, in order to
make this available to the list.  My aim here is to provide
enough information for the WG to make its own decision.

In this case, I guess there may not be much difference, but
removing the uncertainty may help the decision process.

[cut]
> jak>> I think there are more important criteria, like backward
> compatibility. How would each of these methods handle having a 
> nonDNA router on the link, or handover between a DNA link and
> a nonDNA link?  These are the kinds of issues that will
> negatively or positively impact deployment potential, not whether
> one or the other technique has a couple fewer bytes in the best case.

Your point is well taken.

I'll elicit help from others to facilitate this.

Greg


From dna-owner@webcamserver.eng.monash.edu.au Sun Jul 24 23:36:06 2005
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Cc: JinHyeock Choi <jinchoe@gmail.com>, greg.daley@eng.monash.edu.au,
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Hi James, 

There are responses to the top and bottom of your e-mail.

Don't be too despondent until you read the last lines...

----- Original Message -----
From: James Kempf <Kempf@docomolabs-usa.com>
Date: Saturday, July 23, 2005 4:54 pm
Subject: Re: [DNA] DNA proposal issue 19 - was [Issue X] LinkID v.s. 
LandmarkPrefix
> > has bandwidths between 1 - 5 Mbps, and 3.9 G is up to 20
> > Mbps. 9.6 kbps links aren't really that important anymore.
> 
> My point is that, if we are to compare packet size as Greg suggested,
> we need to compare all the packet size coming from each scheme,
> not only the packet size of one RS/ RA exchange.
> 
> jak>> But how often will this signaling take place? I think one 
> must be realistic about the critera. If the signaling only takes
> place every handover, then I think that the size isn't really
> relevant, within reason of course. We're not talking about a
> periodic beacon in that case.

You're right that the burden isn't too great, but one thing touted
as an advantage for Landmarks is their smaller size (with a Yes reply).
So it's a legitimate factor (though not necessarily a big one).

Also, the background cost of LinkID and CompleteRA are relevant,
since there are BNEP bridges available...   

If we compare unsolicited RA overheads we need to stress that with
DNA, the unsolicited rate can be decreased and still receive good 
performance.  We can present the rates for default RFC2461 RA,
with default MinRtrAdvInterval and MaxRtrAdvInterval (in bps), 
given the sample scenarios.

The minimum RA interval values can be presented for comparison, 
with a disclaimer that these values may not be needed.

Does this sound reasonable? (regardless of its necessity??)

I'll see if I can do this for the agreed criteria, in order to
make this available to the list.  My aim here is to provide
enough information for the WG to make its own decision.

In this case, I guess there may not be much difference, but
removing the uncertainty may help the decision process.

[cut]
> jak>> I think there are more important criteria, like backward
> compatibility. How would each of these methods handle having a 
> nonDNA router on the link, or handover between a DNA link and
> a nonDNA link?  These are the kinds of issues that will
> negatively or positively impact deployment potential, not whether
> one or the other technique has a couple fewer bytes in the best case.

Your point is well taken.

I'll elicit help from others to facilitate this.

Greg


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Date: Sat, 23 Jul 2005 11:33:02 +0530
From: Subba Reddy <subbareddy@samsung.com>
Subject: Re: [DNA] DNA proposal issue 19 - was	[IssueX]LinkIDv.s.LandmarkPrefix
Sender: owner-dna@ecselists.eng.monash.edu.au
To: Sathya Narayanan <sathya@research.panasonic.com>,
        JinHyeock Choi <jinchoe@gmail.com>
Cc: Syam Madanapalli <syam@samsung.com>,
        Syam Madanapalli <smadanapalli@gmail.com>,
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Hi Satya,


>
>
> ----- Original Message -----
> From: JinHyeock Choi <jinchoe@gmail.com>
> Date: Friday, July 22, 2005 1:53 am
> Subject: Re: [DNA] DNA proposal issue 19 - was [Issue
X]LinkIDv.s.LandmarkPrefix
>
> > Dear Sathya
> >
> > > So, in conclusion, the synchronization requirement and
> > > complexity for Landmark, CompleteRA and LinkID are the same -
> > all three
> > > of them require that all the routers on the link know about all the
> > > prefixes on the link within a reasonable time - the difference
> > is only
> > > in the content of the RS/RA messages. Do you agree?
> >
> > No. Linkid draft deals with synchronization problem by taking
> > extra
> > care of linkid prefix with such schemes as "linkid prefix list" or
> > "linkid
> > prefix lifetime". It's my guess that, for CompleteRA or Landamrk,
> > such
> > extra cares need to be be applied to all the prefixes.
> >
> If the LinkID is being chosen based on some rule
> (the smallest prefix in the Complete Prefix List) applied to the complete
prefix list,
> then LinkID solution must also make sure that all the routers have the
same list.

The prefix list can differ for sometime (1.5 hrs) because of additiion or
change in
prefix life time (i.e, if lifetime goes less than 3 hrs).

> I understand that the hosts maintain a LinkID list, but that doesn't make
it OK
> to have routers in the same link to be advertising different LinkID.

Routers can be advertising different LinkIDs at a given point of time.
But hosts will not make wrong decision because of LinkID list maintained at
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Date: Sun, 24 Jul 2005 23:50:52 +0200
From: Christian Vogt <chvogt@tm.uka.de>
Subject: Re: [DNA] New I-D: draft-vogt-dna-relocation-00.txt
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Hi Erik.

 >> - Host sends RS with optimistic unicast source address and TSLLAO
 >> - Router replies with unicast RA (using LLA from TSLLAO)
 >> - Host only then sends MLD report (after delay)
 >> - Host send NS for oDAD
 >
 > Looks good to me.
 >
 > Presumably the last step isn't needed if the host didn't move to a
 > different link. (One might think the same thing applies to the third
 > item, but due to MLD/IGMP snooping L2 devices, that wouldn't be safe
 > when the host has changed its L2 attachment point.)

Right, ODAD can be canceled when the mobile node learns from the RA that 
it is still on the same IP link.

 >> [...]                                               I guess this
 >> might come up if the host is a mobile node and tries to perform
 >> route optimization with a node that just happens to be connected
 >> to the same link as itself.
 >
 > But in that ca143])
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Date: Sat, 23 Jul 2005 11:33:02 +0530
From: Subba Reddy <subbareddy@samsung.com>
Subject: Re: [DNA] DNA proposal issue 19 - was	[IssueX]LinkIDv.s.LandmarkPrefix
Sender: owner-dna@ecselists.eng.monash.edu.au
To: Sathya Narayanan <sathya@research.panasonic.com>,
        JinHyeock Choi <jinchoe@gmail.com>
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        Syam Madanapalli <smadanapalli@gmail.com>,
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Hi Satya,


>
>
> ----- Original Message -----
> From: JinHyeock Choi <jinchoe@gmail.com>
> Date: Friday, July 22, 2005 1:53 am
> Subject: Re: [DNA] DNA proposal issue 19 - was [Issue
X]LinkIDv.s.LandmarkPrefix
>
> > Dear Sathya
> >
> > > So, in conclusion, the synchronization requirement and
> > > complexity for Landmark, CompleteRA and LinkID are the same -
> > all three
> > > of them require that all the routers on the link know about all the
> > > prefixes on the link within a reasonable time - the difference
> > is only
> > > in the content of the RS/RA messages. Do you agree?
> >
> > No. Linkid draft deals with synchronization problem by taking
> > extra
> > care of linkid prefix with such schemes as "linkid prefix list" or
> > "linkid
> > prefix lifetime". It's my guess that, for CompleteRA or Landamrk,
> > such
> > extra cares need to be be applied to all the prefixes.
> >
> If the LinkID is being chosen based on some rule
> (the smallest prefix in the Complete Prefix List) applied to the complete
prefix list,
> then LinkID solution must also make sure that all the routers have the
same list.

The prefix list can differ for sometime (1.5 hrs) because of additiion or
change in
prefix life time (i.e, if lifetime goes less than 3 hrs).

> I understand that the hosts maintain a LinkID list, but that doesn't make
it OK
> to have routers in the same link to be advertising different LinkID.

Routers can be advertising different LinkIDs at a given point of time.
But hosts will not make wrong decision because of LinkID list maintained at
host side.

>(as an aside, it is more accurate to refer to this solution as LinkIDList -
> because AFAIK, the host, the router and the RA will contain a LinkIDList -
>the list may contain one or more entries - right?).
>

This may not be correct. Most of the time only one LinkID will be there in
the LinkID
list. If the prefix list changes, which causes change in LinkID, only then
more than
one prefix will present in LinkID list. And this is a very rare case.

> Sathya
>
>
>

Thanks & Regards,
Subba Reddy








se wouldn't the new host send a NS as part of
 > communicating with the CoA of the peer? I guess it depends on the
 > details of any MIPv6 RO procedure.

The mobile node should be fine when it uses a TSLLAO in the NS (and the 
peer understands the TSLLAO).

- Christian

-- 
Christian Vogt, Institute of Telematics, University of Karlsruhe
www.tm.uka.de/~chvogt/pubkey/



Erik Nordmark wrote:
> Brett Pentland wrote:
> 
>> Regarding the potential solution in section 4.2, I gather you are
>> talking about something like:
>>
>> - Host sends RS with optimistic unicast source address and TSLLAO
>> - Router replies with unicast RA (using LLA from TSLLAO)
>> - Host only then sends MLD report (after delay)
>> - Host send NS for oDAD
> 
> 
> Looks good to me.
> 
> Presumably the last step isn't needed if the host didn't move to a 
> different link. (One might think the same thing applies to the third 
> item, but due to MLD/IGMP snooping L2 devices, that wouldn't be safe 
> when the host has changed its L2 attachment point.)
> 
>   > This sounds good for most communications (assuming that most
> 
>> communications with the host go through the router).  There
>> might still be a bit of a problem if an on-link device (other
>> than the router) tries to send a packet to the optimistic
>> address before the MLD report goes out since the host won't
>> receive the resulting NS from this on-link node.  I guess this
>> might come up if the host is a mobile node and tries to perform
>> route optimization with a node that just happens to be connected
>> to the same link as itself.
> 
> 
> But in that case wouldn't the new host send a NS as part of 
> communicating with the CoA of the peer? I guess it depends on the 
> details of any MIPv6 RO procedure.
> 
>    Erik
> 

From dna-owner@webcamserver.eng.monash.edu.au Sun Jul 24 23:36:06 2005
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Date: Mon, 25 Jul 2005 03:39:07 +1000
From: Greg Daley <Greg.Daley@eng.monash.edu.au>
Subject: Re: [DNA] DNA proposal issue 19 - was [Issue X] LinkID v.s.
 LandmarkPre side.

>(as an aside, it is more accurate to refer to this solution as LinkIDList -
> because AFAIK, the host, the router and the RA will contain a LinkIDList -
>the list may contain one or more entries - right?).
>

This may not be correct. Most of the time only one LinkID will be there in
the LinkID
list. If the prefix list changes, which causes change in LinkID, only then
more than
one prefix will present in LinkID list. And this is a very rare case.

> Sathya
>
>
>

Thanks & Regards,
Subba Reddy








fix
Sender: owner-dna@ecselists.eng.monash.edu.au
To: James Kempf <Kempf@docomolabs-usa.com>
Cc: JinHyeock Choi <jinchoe@gmail.com>, greg.daley@eng.monash.edu.au,
        Sathya Narayanan <sathya@research.panasonic.com>,
        Brett Pentland <brett.pentland@eng.monash.edu.au>,
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Hi James, 

There are responses to the top and bottom of your e-mail.

Don't be too despondent until you read the last lines...

----- Original Message -----
From: James Kempf <Kempf@docomolabs-usa.com>
Date: Saturday, July 23, 2005 4:54 pm
Subject: Re: [DNA] DNA proposal issue 19 - was [Issue X] LinkID v.s. 
LandmarkPrefix
> > has bandwidths between 1 - 5 Mbps, and 3.9 G is up to 20
> > Mbps. 9.6 kbps links aren't really that important anymore.
> 
> My point is that, if we are to compare packet size as Greg suggested,
> we need to compare all the packet size coming from each scheme,
> not only the packet size of one RS/ RA exchange.
> 
> jak>> But how often will this signaling take place? I think one 
> must be realistic about the critera. If the signaling only takes
> place every handover, then I think that the size isn't really
> relevant, within reason of course. We're not talking about a
> periodic beacon in that case.

You're right that the burden isn't too great, but one thing touted
as an advantage for Landmarks is their smaller size (with a Yes reply).
So it's a legitimate factor (though not necessarily a big one).

Also, the background cost of LinkID and CompleteRA are relevant,
since there are BNEP bridges available...   

If we compare unsolicited RA overheads we need to stress that with
DNA, the unsolicited rate can be decreased and still receive good 
performance.  We can present the rates for default RFC2461 RA,
with default MinRtrAdvInterval and MaxRtrAdvInterval (in bps), 
given the sample scenarios.

The minimum RA interval values can be presented for comparison, 
with a disclaimer that these values may not be needed.

Does this sound reasonable? (regardless of its necessity??)

I'll see if I can do this for the agreed criteria, in order to
make this available to the list.  My aim here is to provide
enough information for the WG to make its own decision.

In this case, I guess there may not be much difference, but
removing the uncertainty may help the decision process.

[cut]
> jak>> I think there are more important criteria, like backward
> compatibility. How would each of these methods handle having a 
> nonDNA router on the link, or handover between a DNA link and
> a nonDNA link?  These are the kinds of issues that will
> negatively or positively impact deployment potential, not whether
> one or the other technique has a couple fewer bytes in the best case.

Your point is well taken.

I'll elicit help from others to facilitate this.

Greg


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Date: Sat, 23 Jul 2005 11:33:02 +0530
From: Subba Reddy <subbareddy@samsung.com>
Subject: Re: [DNA] DNA proposal issue 19 - was	[IssueX]LinkIDv.s.LandmarkPrefix
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To: Sathya Narayanan <sathya@research.panasonic.com>,
        JinHyeock Choi <jinchoe@gmail.com>
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        Syam Madanapalli <smadanapalli@gmail.com>,
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Hi Satya,


>
>
> ----- Original Message -----
> From: JinHyeock Choi <jinchoe@gmail.com>
> Date: Friday, July 22, 2005 1:53 am
> Subject: Re: [DNA] DNA proposal issue 19 - was [Issue
X]LinkIDv.s.LandmarkPrefix
>
> > Dear Sathya
> >
> > > So, in conclusion, the synchronization requirement and
> > > complexity for Landmark, CompleteRA and LinkID are the same -
> > all three
> > > of them require that all the routers on the link know about all the
> > > prefixes on the link within a reasonable time - the difference
> > is only
> > > in the content of the RS/RA messages. Do you agree?
> >
> > No. Linkid draft deals with synchronization problem by taking
> > extra
> > care of linkid prefix with such schemes as "linkid prefix list" or
> > "linkid
> > prefix lifetime". It's my guess that, for CompleteRA or Landamrk,
> > such
> > extra cares need to be be applied to all the prefixes.
> >
> If the LinkID is being chosen based on some rule
> (the smallest prefix in the Complete Prefix List) applied to the complete
prefix list,
> then LinkID solution must also make sure that all the routers have the
same list.

The prefix list can differ for sometime (1.5 hrs) because of additiion or
change in
prefix life time (i.e, if lifetime goes less than 3 hrs).

> I understand that the hosts maintain a LinkID list, but that doesn't make
it OK
> to have routers in the same link to be advertising different LinkID.

Routers can be advertising different LinkIDs at a given point of time.
But hosts will not make wrong decision because of LinkID list maintained at
host side.

>(as an aside, it is more accurate to refer to this solution as LinkIDList -
> because AFAIK, the host, the router and the RA will contain a LinkIDList -
>the list may contain one or more entries - right?).
>

This may not be correct. Most of the time only one LinkID will be there in
the LinkID
list. If the prefix list changes, which causes change in LinkID, only then
more than
one prefix will present in LinkID list. And this is a very rare case.

> Sathya
>
>
>

Thanks & Regards,
Subba Reddy








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Date: Fri, 22 Jul 2005 23:55:26 +1000
From: Greg Daley <Greg.Daley@eng.monash.edu.au>
Subject: Re: [DNA] DNA proposal issue 19 - was [Issue X] LinkID v.s. Landmark
 Prefix
Sender: owner-dna@ecselists.eng.monash.edu.au
To: JinHyeock Choi <jinchoe@gmail.com>
Cc: greg.daley@eng.monash.edu.au, Syam Madanapalli <smadanapalli@gmail.com>,
        Brett Pentland <brett.pentland@eng.monash.edu.au>,
        James Kempf <Kempf@docomolabs-usa.com>, Dna <dna@eng.monash.edu.au>
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Hi JinHyeock, 

There are too many topics in this e-mail, so if we need to
discuss all of the topics further it may be good to split
the threads.

----- Original Message -----
From: JinHyeock Choi <jinchoe@gmail.com>
Date: Friday, July 22, 2005 6:49 pm
Subject: Re: [DNA] DNA proposal issue 19 - was [Issue X] LinkID v.s. 
Landmark Prefix
> Greg 
> 
> > Right at the bottom is a proposal for a "Graceful"
> > means of surviving flash renumbering with Prefix Landmarks.
> > 
> > It's not really necessary in the general case if routers
> > retract prefixes with lifetime=0 advertisements, if they
> > wish to assign the prefix elsewhere before normal
> > lifetime expiry.
> 
> I have difficulty understanding that. Does that take into 
> consideration packet loss?  

It does, if the prefixes are retracted for multiple RA intervals,
or if changes are advertised as defined in RFC 2461 section 6.2.4.


 
> > > As of my memory, WG didn't made such a decision.
> > 
> > It made the decision at the same time it discarded Numeric LinkIDs,
> > Deterministic FastRA etc: when it agreed to focus on 0ne or Two
> > potential solutions (with specific propeFrom dna-owner@webcamserver.eng.monash.edu.au Sun Jul 24 23:36:09 2005
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Date: Fri, 22 Jul 2005 23:55:26 +1000
From: Greg Daley <Greg.Daley@eng.monash.edu.au>
Subject: Re: [DNA] DNA proposal issue 19 - was [Issue X] LinkID v.s. Landmark
 Prefix
Sender: owner-dna@ecselists.eng.monash.edu.au
To: JinHyeock Choi <jinchoe@gmail.com>
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        Brett Pentland <brett.pentland@eng.monash.edu.au>,
        James Kempf <Kempf@docomolabs-usa.com>, Dna <dna@eng.monash.edu.au>
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Hi JinHyeock, 

There are too many topics in this e-mail, so if we need to
discuss all of the topics further it may be good to split
the threads.

----- Original Message -----
From: JinHyeock Choi <jinchoe@gmail.com>
Date: Friday, July 22, 2005 6:49 pm
Subject: Re: [DNA] DNA proposal issue 19 - was [Issue X] LinkID v.s. 
Landmark Prefix
> Greg 
> 
> > Right at the bottom is a proposal for a "Graceful"
> > means of surviving flash renumbering with Prefix Landmarks.
> > 
> > It's not really necessary in the general case if routers
> > retract prefixes with lifetime=0 advertisements, if they
> > wish to assign the prefix elsewhere before normal
> > lifetime expiry.
> 
> I have difficulty understanding that. Does that take into 
> consideration packet loss?  

It does, if the prefixes are retracted for multiple RA intervals,
or if changes are advertised as defined in RFC 2461 section 6.2.4.


 
> > > As of my memory, WG didn't made such a decision.
> > 
> > It made the decision at the same time it discarded Numeric LinkIDs,
> > Deterministic FastRA etc: when it agreed to focus on 0ne or Two
> > potential solutions (with specific properties) at the last IETF.
> 
> No, it didn't make such a decision. (It's strange that it was claimed
> that Linkid had been decided to be removed when I presented it. )

I'm referring to draft-pentland-mobileip-linkid-03.txt (which was on
the quoted list too).

> At the time of Minneapolis meeting, as possible DNA solution 
> candidates,  I had in mind 'CompleteRA', 'Prefix based Linkid' and
> 'FRD'. So I took extra and intentional care that WG would not
> throw away those 3 schemes. 
> 
> As of my memory, only "ruling out" process happened during DT 
> discussion at Wednesday morning and neither one of three schemes 
> was ruled out at the meeting. 
>
> I cc Brett's mail after the meeting to back up my memory. 
[cut]
> 
>   Fast advertisement:
>       Fast Router Discovery
>       Hash-ordered FastRA (is that a bit easier to say?  :) )
>       Probabilistic FastRA
[cut]

I think you miss the point.  FastRD was left in because it's
possible to apply, but it's not capable of being _the_ general
solution for DNA in all cases.

Modification of Link-Layer devices is not an option for many
environments, so we need to rely upon a base solution which
only changes hosts and routers.

Optimizations beyond this would have to be specified separately.

> > > It's my opinion that if one scheme can perform DNA without
> > > RS involvement, that's the pro for the scheme we need to
> > > take into consideration. 
> > It's no more a pro for LinkID than for CompleteRA.
> 
> ok. At this point, my assertion is only that 
> the above is a worthy criterion to consider when we evaluate 
> schemes. 



Well, it's the same for both schemes, and therefore shouldn't
take up our highest priority (or any if we're pressed for time)...

Please consider spending time on issues which help to differentiate
the solutions.


[cut]
> > I'd prefer "At least 1" or "Defaults to 1" x 4 seconds.
> 
> Right but I am not arguing that such a case is impossible. I am 
> talking only that such a case seems to be rather an exception. 
> 
> Also this is why we think that it is ok for a host to
> send 1 RS and waits for 4 secs to collect (solicited) RAs
> and declare CCL complete.
> 
> Without a packet loss, the host will generate the complete prefix 
> list. Even some packet loss may cause an incomplete prefix list,
> there is a further chance for the host to get the missing prefixes
> before it receives link UP notification, i.e. moves to another AP.
> 
> Even the host moves to another AP with incomplete prefix list,
> the first RA may contain the prefix in its prefix list.
> 
> Considering all those above, even if the host performs only one
> RS/ RA exchange, it will be very rare for the host to falsely
> assume a link change. So I think that occasional additional
> signaling  is acceptable.


I guess that's a point of difference in our opinions.

My belief in immediate construction of CPL with completeRA is based
on how useful I've seen it to be in implementation.

[cut]
> > > Answering "Yes" also takes definite knowledge and synchronization.
> > >
> > > Allow me an example. Assume a link with two routers R1 and R2.
> > > R1 advertises Prefix1 and R2 advertise Prefix2 and Prefix3.
> > > R1 and R2 gathers the prefixes to make the complete prefix list
> > > {Prefix1, Prefix2, Prefix3}.
> > >
> > > Then R2 removes Prefix3 but the RA advertising the removal
> > > was lost and R1 doesn't receive it. So afterwards, if a (dormant)
> > > host send an RS with Prefix3 to R1, it will falsely answer "YES",
> > > i.e. Prefix3 is in this link.
> > >
> > > Am I missing something?
> > 
> > Yes.
> > 
> > The same thing happens with LinkID
> > 
> > In this case, the Router1 will not identify that the LinkID
> > has changed either, if the smallest prefix disappears (for
> > example if Prefix3 is actually the smallest prefix).
> > 
> > Responses for LinkID will therefore also conflict, Router1 will
> > have a LinkID of prefix Prefix3, even if that prefix has been
> > assigned to an adjacent link.
> 
> Linkid is designed to deal with such a pathological case with 
> linkid prefix list.  rties) at the last IETF.
> 
> No, it didn't make such a decision. (It's strange that it was claimed
> that Linkid had been decided to be removed when I presented it. )

I'm referring to draft-pentland-mobileip-linkid-03.txt (which was on
the quoted list too).

> At the time of Minneapolis meeting, as possible DNA solution 
> candidates,  I had in mind 'CompleteRA', 'Prefix based Linkid' and
> 'FRD'. So I took extra and intentional care that WG would not
> throw away those 3 schemes. 
> 
> As of my memory, only "ruling out" process happened during DT 
> discussion at Wednesday morning and neither one of three schemes 
> was ruled out at the meeting. 
>
> I cc Brett's mail after the meeting to back up my memory. 
[cut]
> 
>   Fast advertisement:
>       Fast Router Discovery
>       Hash-ordered FastRA (is that a bit easier to say?  :) )
>       Probabilistic FastRA
[cut]

I think you miss the point.  FastRD was left in because it's
possible to apply, but it's not capable of being _the_ general
solution for DNA in all cases.

Modification of Link-Layer devices is not an option for many
environments, so we need to rely upon a base solution which
only changes hosts and routers.

Optimizations beyond this would have to be specified separately.

> > > It's my opinion that if one scheme can perform DNA without
> > > RS involvement, that's the pro for the scheme we need to
> > > take into consideration. 
> > It's no more a pro for LinkID than for CompleteRA.
> 
> ok. At this point, my assertion is only that 
> the above is a worthy criterion to consider when we evaluate 
> schemes. 



Well, it's the same for both schemes, and therefore shouldn't
take up our highest priority (or any if we're pressed for time)...

Please consider spending time on issues which help to differentiate
the solutions.


[cut]
> > I'd prefer "At least 1" or "Defaults to 1" x 4 seconds.
> 
> Right but I am not arguing that such a case is impossible. I am 
> talking only that such a case seems to be rather an exception. 
> 
> Also this is why we think that it is ok for a host to
> send 1 RS and waits for 4 secs to collect (solicited) RAs
> and declare CCL complete.
> 
> Without a packet loss, the host will generate the complete prefix 
> list. Even some packet loss may cause an incomplete prefix list,
> there is a further chance for the host to get the missing prefixes
> before it receives link UP notification, i.e. moves to another AP.
> 
> Even the host moves to another AP with incomplete prefix list,
> the first RA may contain the prefix in its prefix list.
> 
> Considering all those above, even if the host performs only one
> RS/ RA exchange, it will be very rare for the host to falsely
> assume a link change. So I think that occasional additional
> signaling  is acceptable.


I guess that's a point of difference in our opinions.

My belief in immediate construction of CPL with completeRA is based
on how useful I've seen it to be in implementation.

[cut]
> > > Answering "Yes" also takes definite knowledge and synchronization.
> > >
> > > Allow me an example. Assume a link with two routers R1 and R2.
> > > R1 advertises Prefix1 and R2 advertise Prefix2 and Prefix3.
> > > R1 and R2 gathers the prefixes to make the complete prefix list
> > > {Prefix1, Prefix2, Prefix3}.
> > >
> > > Then R2 removes Prefix3 but the RA advertising the removal
> > > was lost and R1 doesn't receive it. So afterwards, if a (dormant)
> > > host send an RS with Prefix3 to R1, it will falsely answer "YES",
> > > i.e. Prefix3 is in this link.
> > >
> > > Am I missing something?
> > 
> > Yes.
> > 
> > The same thing happens with LinkID
> > 
> > In this case, the Router1 will not identify that the LinkID
> > has changed either, if the smallest prefix disappears (for
> > example if Prefix3 is actually the smallest prefix).
> > 
> > Responses for LinkID will therefore also conflict, Router1 will
> > have a LinkID of prefix Prefix3, even if that prefix has been
> > assigned to an adjacent link.
> 
> Linkid is designed to deal with such a pathological case with 
> linkid prefix list.  Kindly check Sec 3 and 4. 

From 4.2 it's not clear if the first RA received on the link
(if it advertises the old LinkID) is taken as non-movement, if the
host arrives from  the link to which this prefix has been
assigned (and is LinkID).

It looks like it is.

The host hasn't seen the other LinkID before, and when the next
RA arrives indicating the NewLinkID and OldLinkID, it could easily be
taken as a change of LinkID on the previously visited link.

AFAICS, this is the exact same danger as described for Landmarks
(but not completeRA, due to the redundant information).


> > For Prefix Landmarking:
> > 
> > If any RAs by received by R1 indicating that the lifetime is
> > diminished, this will time out the entries.  Any single reception
> > of a lifetime zero advertisement from the owning router will
> > remove the prefix.
> > 
> > This is the same as LinkID.
> > 
> > So if Prefix Landmarking believes the prefix is still on-link
> > (and Prefix Landmarking has similar timers for lifetimes that
> > LinkID does) then the incorrect state will last about as long
> > for either.
> > 
> > The assumption is that prefixes retracted without (effective)
> > zero lifetime advertisement and assigned to another link cause
> > problems for up to 90 minutes or so:
> > 
> > This is the same for Prefix Landmarks, CompleteRA, LinkID and
> > (in hosts' view) CPL.
> >
> > This is a very tight corner case, since routers listen to RAs
> > in DNA, don't sleep, and routers should retract prefixes.
> > 
> > At least with CompleteRA, you can ignore learned DNAO contents
> > since the rest of the CompleteRA will not match the existing
> > Complete Prefix List.
> 
> I have difficulty following the above. 
 
[cut]
> > > "NO" will supercede a "YES", if it is received first, right?
> > 
> > Yes, but a false movement detection is actually better than a false
> > non-movement detection, since the host recovers in milliseconds, not
> > minutes.
> 
> Does the above mean "NO" will always supercede "YES", because 
> a false movement detection is actually better than a false non-
> movement detection?

If it is received first, yes.

If it isn't it's only because a router believes a prefix exists on-link,
where it hasn't recveived appropriate preefix information options to 
update it.

This is the same as for LinkID.

[cut]
> > In that case though, it can also update the other routers with
> > the appropriate RA (prefix lifetime=0).
> 
> Yes, but it needs additional mechanism to ensure every routers 
> will receive the appropriate RA. 

I'ts already defined.

6.2.4.  Sending Unsolicited Router Advertisements

Especially the section describing advertising changes

It's optional but has been around for a long time, and
doesn't require additional text in DNA...

[cut]
> 
> > A practical solution for Prefix Landmarks may be to partly
> > ignore "Yes" answers - since they don't require much action: that
> > is keep the DNA process open if there's a non-movement indication.
> > 
> > The DNA addressing mechanism may be re-normalized (and packet 
> > flow can occur with the global addresses), but subsequent
> > reception of a trusted "No" RA within (say 500ms) could be used
> > as a hint to re-build a CPL - which may be a cause to detect
> > change in a few seconds.
> 
> Maybe, but the scheme seems to become more complicated. At least, I
> come to have difficulty following your arguments. 

It's not particularly complicated:

If you receive an indication that no change is needed:
Don't change anything and start communicating again.
If you then receive an indication that change is needed,
it may be needed.

This is all to handle the concept of "Flash renumbering"
(still to be debated if it's a real issue (See section 12 of
RFC2461)) under "packet loss" of three packets or where routers
haven't followed the recommendation of RFC2461 section 6.2.6

Did we need to do anything anyway?

If we assume that routers follow RFC2461 6.2.6 if they're 
flash renumbering (and we recommend it), then no live router
could advertise the wrong prefix with Landmarks, CompleteRA
or LinkKindly check Sec 3 and 4. 

From 4.2 it's not clear if the first RA received on the link
(if it advertises the old LinkID) is taken as non-movement, if the
host arrives from  the link to which this prefix has been
assigned (and is LinkID).

It looks like it is.

The host hasn't seen the other LinkID before, and when the next
RA arrives indicating the NewLinkID and OldLinkID, it could easily be
taken as a change of LinkID on the previously visited link.

AFAICS, this is the exact same danger as described for Landmarks
(but not completeRA, due to the redundant information).


> > For Prefix Landmarking:
> > 
> > If any RAs by received by R1 indicating that the lifetime is
> > diminished, this will time out the entries.  Any single reception
> > of a lifetime zero advertisement from the owning router will
> > remove the prefix.
> > 
> > This is the same as LinkID.
> > 
> > So if Prefix Landmarking believes the prefix is still on-link
> > (and Prefix Landmarking has similar timers for lifetimes that
> > LinkID does) then the incorrect state will last about as long
> > for either.
> > 
> > The assumption is that prefixes retracted without (effective)
> > zero lifetime advertisement and assigned to another link cause
> > problems for up to 90 minutes or so:
> > 
> > This is the same for Prefix Landmarks, CompleteRA, LinkID and
> > (in hosts' view) CPL.
> >
> > This is a very tight corner case, since routers listen to RAs
> > in DNA, don't sleep, and routers should retract prefixes.
> > 
> > At least with CompleteRA, you can ignore learned DNAO contents
> > since the rest of the CompleteRA will not match the existing
> > Complete Prefix List.
> 
> I have difficulty following the above. 
 
[cut]
> > > "NO" will supercede a "YES", if it is received first, right?
> > 
> > Yes, but a false movement detection is actually better than a false
> > non-movement detection, since the host recovers in milliseconds, not
> > minutes.
> 
> Does the above mean "NO" will always supercede "YES", because 
> a false movement detection is actually better than a false non-
> movement detection?

If it is received first, yes.

If it isn't it's only because a router believes a prefix exists on-link,
where it hasn't recveived appropriate preefix information options to 
update it.

This is the same as for LinkID.

[cut]
> > In that case though, it can also update the other routers with
> > the appropriate RA (prefix lifetime=0).
> 
> Yes, but it needs additional mechanism to ensure every routers 
> will receive the appropriate RA. 

I'ts already defined.

6.2.4.  Sending Unsolicited Router Advertisements

Especially the section describing advertising changes

It's optional but has been around for a long time, and
doesn't require additional text in DNA...

[cut]
> 
> > A practical solution for Prefix Landmarks may be to partly
> > ignore "Yes" answers - since they don't require much action: that
> > is keep the DNA process open if there's a non-movement indication.
> > 
> > The DNA addressing mechanism may be re-normalized (and packet 
> > flow can occur with the global addresses), but subsequent
> > reception of a trusted "No" RA within (say 500ms) could be used
> > as a hint to re-build a CPL - which may be a cause to detect
> > change in a few seconds.
> 
> Maybe, but the scheme seems to become more complicated. At least, I
> come to have difficulty following your arguments. 

It's not particularly complicated:

If you receive an indication that no change is needed:
Don't change anything and start communicating again.
If you then receive an indication that change is needed,
it may be needed.

This is all to handle the concept of "Flash renumbering"
(still to be debated if it's a real issue (See section 12 of
RFC2461)) under "packet loss" of three packets or where routers
haven't followed the recommendation of RFC2461 section 6.2.6

Did we need to do anything anyway?

If we assume that routers follow RFC2461 6.2.6 if they're 
flash renumbering (and we recommend it), then no live router
could advertise the wrong prefix with Landmarks, CompleteRA
or LinkID.

This is a lot less complicated...


Greg

From dna-owner@webcamserver.eng.monash.edu.au Sun Jul 24 23:36:09 2005
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Date: Sat, 23 Jul 2005 12:19:16 +0900
From: JinHyeock Choi <jinchoe@gmail.com>
Subject: Re: [DNA] DNA proposal issue 19 - was [Issue X] LinkID v.s. Landmark
 Prefix
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Dear Brett

> > Answering "Yes" also takes definite knowledge and synchronization.
> >
> > Allow me an example. Assume a link with two routers R1 and R2.
> > R1 advertises Prefix1 and R2 advertise Prefix2 and Prefix3.
> > R1 and R2 gathers the prefixes to make the cID.

This is a lot less complicated...


Greg

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Date: Sat, 23 Jul 2005 12:19:16 +0900
From: JinHyeock Choi <jinchoe@gmail.com>
Subject: Re: [DNA] DNA proposal issue 19 - was [Issue X] LinkID v.s. Landmark
 Prefix
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Dear Brett

> > Answering "Yes" also takes definite knowledge and synchronization.
> >
> > Allow me an example. Assume a link with two routers R1 and R2.
> > R1 advertises Prefix1 and R2 advertise Prefix2 and Prefix3.
> > R1 and R2 gathers the prefixes to make the complete prefix list
> > {Prefix1, Prefix2, Prefix3}.
> >
> > Then R2 removes Prefix3 but the RA advertising the removal
> > was lost and R1 doesn't receive it. So afterwards, if a (dormant)
> > host send an RS with Prefix3 to R1, it will falsely answer "YES",
> > i.e. Prefix3 is in this link.
> >
> > Am I missing something?
> 
> Well, "YES" is the answer that LinkID would give too.  The LinkID would
> not have changed on R1 and the host would correctly recognise that it is
> NOT a link change.  So how is it better?

I gave the above example only to show that both "YES" and "NO" need
"definite knowledge and synchronization". I didn't give it to show linkid's 
superiority. (I'll prepare a better one. Just wait. :-)) 

> You say that LinkID has a method to deal with changing prefixes.  Hosts
> keep a record previously seen LinkIDs so that they can recognise
> changes. Isn't this implicit in the CompleteRA aspect of the landmark
> proposal?  Each of the prefixes can be thought of as a LinkID, and any
> overlap between the prefixes in a CompleteRA and the prefixes that the
> host has seen implies non-movement.

The problem is that such a overlapping prefix may not exist. 
For the CompleteRA or Landmark, there is no MOI (Message 
Order Independence) property. (Greg wrote a related draft.  
 http://www.ctie.monash.edu.au/dna/mmoi-draft-dont-distrib.pdf  )
 
In linkid scheme, when a linkid is changed, I take extra care 
to make it sure that there is at least one (old) linkid prefix 
that assures the hosts that this is linkid change without link change. 
(I was tempted to call such a prefix as a linking prefix, but 
dared not for the fear of confusion. :-) ) 

Correct me wrong, but in ComplteRA or Landmark, there is no 
mechanism which ensures that always such a linking (or overlapping) 
prefix exists.  
 
> Putting aside, for the moment, cases where a prefix is moved to a new
> link before its lifetime advertised on the old link has expired, your
> own example shows how the Landmark part deals with changes effectively.
> A YES answer will only occur if the prefix has been used on the link and
> so will not be wrong in the sense that the current link is the same one
> where the Landmark came from.  If that prefix is in the process of being
> removed, then very soon a NO answer will arrive from the applicable
> router informing the host of this and providing the prefixes that are
> available.  Note also that the window of oportunity for this to happen
> is quite small as the router that removed the prefix should advertise
> this fact several times in a fairly short space of time so that all
> of the routers on the link are aware of the change.

I can think of more pathological example easily by cut and paste from 
old DT ML.   

Assume a host having two prefix A and B, and making one address with
A and the other with B. Assume prefix A goes through prefix renumbering
and early reassignment and the host follows it. Then it will not perceive 
that it can't no longer use the address with prefix B:. 

> Returning to cases where prefixes can be reasigned to a new link before
> the expiry of a previously advertised valid lifetime on another link,
> both of the proposals face the same issue and need to deal with it by
> placing rules about how the reassignment is done.  If a host sees a
> LinkID or a Landmark on one link, fails to see advertisements that the
> valid lifetime has been shortened, and then sees the same LinkID /
> Landmark on another link, they will fail to detect the link change.

Linkid draft sets the rule to prevent such a case. So I may say that 
Linkid is safe from flash renumbering and early reassignment, unless 
there is a human error, (from which no scheme can be safe 100 %.)  . 

Best Regards

JinHyeock.





omplete prefix list
> > {Prefix1, Prefix2, Prefix3}.
> >
> > Then R2 removes Prefix3 but the RA advertising the removal
> > was lost and R1 doesn't receive it. So afterwards, if a (dormant)
> > host send an RS with Prefix3 to R1, it will falsely answer "YES",
> > i.e. Prefix3 is in this link.
> >
> > Am I missing something?
> 
> Well, "YES" is the answer that LinkID would give too.  The LinkID would
> not have changed on R1 and the host would correctly recognise that it is
> NOT a link change.  So how is it better?

I gave the above example only to show that both "YES" and "NO" need
"definite knowledge and synchronization". I didn't give it to show linkid's 
superiority. (I'll prepare a better one. Just wait. :-)) 

> You say that LinkID has a method to deal with changing prefixes.  Hosts
> keep a record previously seen LinkIDs so that they can recognise
> changes. Isn't this implicit in the CompleteRA aspect of the landmark
> proposal?  Each of the prefixes can be thought of as a LinkID, and any
> overlap between the prefixes in a CompleteRA and the prefixes that the
> host has seen implies non-movement.

The problem is that such a overlapping prefix may not exist. 
For the CompleteRA or Landmark, there is no MOI (Message 
Order Independence) property. (Greg wrote a related draft.  
 http://www.ctie.monash.edu.au/dna/mmoi-draft-dont-distrib.pdf  )
 
In linkid scheme, when a linkid is changed, I take extra care 
to make it sure that there is at least one (old) linkid prefix 
that assures the hosts that this is linkid change without link change. 
(I was tempted to call such a prefix as a linking prefix, but 
dared not for the fear of confusion. :-) ) 

Correct me wrong, but in ComplteRA or Landmark, there is no 
mechanism which ensures that always such a linking (or overlapping) 
prefix exists.  
 
> Putting aside, for the moment, cases where a prefix is moved to a new
> link before its lifetime advertised on the old link has expired, your
> own example shows how the Landmark part deals with changes effectively.
> A YES answer will only occur if the prefix has been used on the link and
> so will not be wrong in the sense that the current link is the same one
> where the Landmark came from.  If that prefix is in the process of being
> removed, then very soon a NO answer will arrive from the applicable
> router informing the host of this and providing the prefixes that are
> available.  Note also that the window of oportunity for this to happen
> is quite small as the router that removed the prefix should advertise
> this fact several times in a fairly short space of time so that all
> of the routers on the link are aware of the change.

I can think of more pathological example easily by cut and paste from 
old DT ML.   

Assume a host having two prefix A and B, and making one address with
A and the other with B. Assume prefix A goes through prefix renumbering
and early reassignment and the host follows it. Then it will not perceive 
that it can't no longer use the address with prefix B:. 

> Returning to cases where prefixes can be reasigned to a new link before
> the expiry of a previously advertised valid lifetime on another link,
> both of the proposals face the same issue and need to deal with it by
> placing rules about how the reassignment is done.  If a host sees a
> LinkID or a Landmark on one link, fails to see advertisements that the
> valid lifetime has been shortened, and then sees the same LinkID /
> Landmark on another link, they will fail to detect the link change.

Linkid draft sets the rule to prevent such a case. So I may say that 
Linkid is safe from flash renumbering and early reassignment, unless 
there is a human error, (from which no scheme can be safe 100 %.)  . 

Best Regards

JinHyeock.





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Date: Sat, 23 Jul 2005 14:46:38 +0900
From: JinHyeock Choi <jinchoe@gmail.com>
Subject: Re: [DNA] DNA proposal issue 19 - was [Issue X] LinkID v.s. Landmark
 Prefix
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Greg

> > No, it didn't make such a decision. (It's strange that it was claimed
> > that Linkid had been decided to be removed when I presented it. )
> 
> I'm referring to draft-pentland-mobileip-linkid-03.txt (which was on
> the quoted list too).

I meant the claim made by other person, not by you. 

> [cut]
> >
> >   Fast advertisement:
> >       Fast Router Discovery
> >       Hash-ordered FastRA (is that a bit easier to say?  :) )
> >       Probabilistic FastRA
> [cut]
> 
> I think you miss the point.  FastRD was left in because it's
> possible to apply, but it's not capable of being _the_ general
> solution for DNA in all cases.
>
> Modification of Link-Layer devices is not an option for many
> environments, so we need to rely upon a base solution which
> only changes hosts and routers.
> 
> Optimizations beyond this would have to be specified separately.

As of my memory, in DT meeting, no such agreement (about why 
FRD is left) is made.   

An unfortunate incident in D.C. made a paranoid out of me, so 
I took keen notice about FRD treatment.  

About the FRD applicability, that's the decision for WG. If WG 
chooses FRD for its high performance in spite of L2 reliance, 
it's WG's call. 

It's ok for you have an opinion about FRD and its treatment but 
I ask you NOT to assume it as an official agreement before going 
through a proper decision procedure. 

> > ok. At this point, my assertion is only that
> > the above is a worthy criterion to consider when we evaluate
> > schemes.
> 
> Well, it's the same for both schemes, and therefore shouldn't
> take up our highest priority (or any if we're pressed for time)...

This the the conclusion I can't be sure of. There may be a link 
in which CompleteRA can't be made as mentioned in Brett's draft
below,  

   It may not be possible to include all of the prefixes in use on the
   link due to MTU or administrative limitations.  

> Please consider spending time on issues which help to differentiate
> the solutions.

ok. I guess we are in agreement that unsolicited RA concern is 
a worthy criterion, so let's investigate how it differentiate two schemes. 

> From 4.2 it's not clear if the first RA received on the link
> (if it advertises the old LinkID) is taken as non-movement, if the
> host arrives from  the link to which this prefix has been
> assigned (and is LinkID).
> 
> It looks like it is.
> 
> The host hasn't seen the other LinkID before, and when the next
> RA arrives indicating the NewLinkID and OldLinkID, it could easily be
> taken as a change of LinkID on the previously visited link.
>
> AFAICS, this is the exact same danger as described for Landmarks
> (but not completeRA, due to the redundant information).

I have difficulty understanding the above example. Kindly clarify 
more. 

> > Yes, but it needs additional mechanism to ensure every routers
> > will receive the appropriate RA.
> 
> I'ts already defined.
> 
> 6.2.4.  Sending Unsolicited Router Advertisements
> 
> Especially the section describing advertising changes
> 
> It's optional but has been around for a long time, and
> doesn't require additional text in DNA...

I meant to make it extra-sure that all routers have received the 
appropriate RA even under the packet loss. 6.2.4 is rather a UDP 
like and I meant a TCP like assurance. 

> > Maybe, but the scheme seems to become more complicated. At least, I
> > come to have difficulty following your arguments.
> 
> It's not particularly complicated:
> 
> If you receive an indication that no change is needed:
> Don't change anything and start communicating again.
> If you then receive an indication that change is needed,
> it may be needed.
> 
> This is all to handle the concept of "Flash renumbering"
> (still to be debated if it's a real issue (See section 12 of
> RFC2461)) under "packet loss" of three packets or where routers
> haven't followed the recommendation of RFC2461 section 6.2.6
> 
> Did we need to do anything anyway?
> 
> If we assume that routers follow RFC2461 6.2.6 if they're
> flash renumbering (and we recommend it), then no live router
> could advertise the wrong prefix with Landmarks, CompleteRA
> or LinkID.

I have difficulty following your thoughts on the synchronization
issue for Landmark/ CompleteRA because new arguments pops 
up in each mail. It would help me a lot, if you summarize your 
thoughts in whole. 

Thanks for your kind consideration. 

Best Regards

JinHyeock





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From: James Kempf <Kempf@docomolabs-usa.com>
Subject: Re: [DNA] DNA proposal issue 19 - was [Issue X] LinkID v.s. Landmark
 Prefix
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JinHyeok,

The minutes of the IETF 62 meeting show that I proposed taking FastRA out of
contention, because it is very link specific (it would not work for 3.9G for
example), and referring it to the proper link standardization group
(probably 802.21). Unfortuantely, there is no record of a consensus call on
this proposal in the minutes. I'd like to renew my proposal and suggest to
the chairs that a consensus call be done at a convenient time.

We cannot make progress on getting this standard complete if discussion
never results in any decisions being made.

            jak

----- Original Message -----
From: "JinHyeock Choi" <jinchoe@gmail.com>
To: <greg.daley@eng.monash.edu.au>
Cc: "Syam Madanapalli" <smadanapalli@gmail.com>; "Brett Pentland"
<brett.pentland@eng.monash.edu.au>; "James Kempf"
<Kempf@docomolabs-usa.com>; "Dna" <dna@eng.monash.edu.au>
Sent: Friday, July 22, 2005 1:49 AM
Subject: Re: [DNA] DNA proposal issue 19 - was [Issue X] LinkID v.s.
Landmark Prefix


> Greg
>
> > Right at the bottom is a proposal for a "Graceful"
> > means of surviving flash renumbering with Prefix Landmarks.
> >
> > It's not really necessary in the general case if routers
> > retract prefixes with lifetime=0 advertisements, if they
> > wish to assign the prefix elsewhere before normal
> > lifetime expiry.
>
> I have difficulty understanding that. Does that take into consideration
> packet loss?
>
> > > As of my memory, WG didn't made such a decision.
> >
> > It made the decision at the same time it discarded Numeric LinkIDs,
> > Deterministic FastRA etc: when it agreed to focus on 0ne or Two
> > potential solutions (with specific properties) at the last IETF.
>
> No, it didn't make such a decision. (It's strange that it was claimed
> that Linkid had been decided to be removed when I presented it. )
>
> At the time of Minneapolis meeting, as possible DNA solution candidates,
> I had in mind 'CompleteRA', 'Prefix based Linkid' and 'FRD'. So I took
> extra and intentional care that WG would not throw away those 3 schemes.
>
> As of my memory, only "ruling out" process happened during DT
> discussion at Wednesday morning and neither one of three schemes
> was ruled out at the meeting.
>
> I cc Brett's mail after the meeting to back up my memory.
>
> ----------------------------------------------------------
>    Hi guys,
>
>    Yesterday we agreed that several of the techniques that we have
>    discussed are probably not worth pursuing.  Those are:
>
>    Explicit LinkID - random
>    Explicit LinkID - hash of prefixes
>    Priority Landmark
>    Simple FastRA
>    Deterministic FastRA
>
>    That leaves us with the following:
>
>    Link detection:
>        Explicit LinkID - agreed prefix
>        CompleteRA
>        Requested Landmark
>        Hybrid Landmark
>
>    Fast advertisement:
>        Fast Router Discovery
>        Hash-ordered FastRA (is that a bit easier to say?  :) )
>        Probabilistic FastRA
>
>    Cheers,
>    Brett.
>
> ----------------------------------------------------------
>
> > > It's my opinion that if one scheme can perform DNA without RS
involvement,
> > > that's the pro for the scheme we need to take into consideration.
> >
> > It's no more a pro for LinkID than for CompleteRA.
>
> ok. At this point, my assertion is only that
>
> the above is a worthy criterion to consider when we evaluate schemes.
>
> > > According to the current CPL recommendation, it will take 4 secs for
> > > a host to generate the complete prefix list. I think it's rather an
> > > exceptional case for a host to change attachment within 4 secs
> > > after network attachment.
> >
> > It's not that hard to change attachment points quickly with ping-pong.
> > This is a well known problem.
> >
> > I'm not in strict agreement with the single RS for CPL,
> > since RA messages can be lost, and you can end up with half a CPL.
> >
> > If you transit outside the cell within 4 seconds, false link change
> > detection occurs.
> >
> > I'd prefer "At least 1" or "Defaults to 1" x 4 seconds.
>
> Right but I am not arguing that such a case is impossible. I am
> talking only that such a case seems to be rather an exception.
>
> Also this is why we think that it is ok for a host to
> send 1 RS and waits for 4 secs to collect (solicited) RAs
> and declare CCL complete.
>
> Without a packet loss, the host will generate the complete prefix list.
>
> Even some packet loss may cause an incomplete prefix list,
> there is a further chance for the host to get the missing prefixes
> before it receives link UP notification, i.e. moves to another AP.
>
> Even the host moves to another AP with incomplete prefix list,
> the first RA may contain the prefix in its prefix list.
>
> Considering all those above, even if the host performs only one
> RS/ RA exchange, it will be very rare for the host to falsely
> assume a link change. So I think that occasional additional
> signaling  is acceptable.
>
> > >>>As we have implemented the linkid scheme, we did not find any such
problems.
> > >>>For landmark also all the Routers need know about all other prefixes,
otherwie
> > >>>the host may get conflict answers.
> > >>
> > >>It doesn't need to know all the prefixes (as described in a previous
> > >>thread).  It needs to know what prefixes it definitely has locally.
> > >>
> > >>In that case, it can answer "Yes" immediately.  Answering "No" takes
> > >>definitive knowledge and synchronization.
> > >
> > >
> > > Answering "Yes" also takes definite knowledge and synchronization.
> >  >
> > > Allow me an example. Assume a link with two routers R1 and R2.
> > > R1 advertises Prefix1 and R2 advertise Prefix2 and Prefix3.
> > > R1 and R2 gathers the prefixes to make the complete prefix list
> > > {Prefix1, Prefix2, Prefix3}.
> > >
> > > Then R2 removes Prefix3 but the RA advertising the removal
> > > was lost and R1 doesn't receive it. So afterwards, if a (dormant)
> > > host send an RS with Prefix3 to R1, it will falsely answer "YES",
> > > i.e. Prefix3 is in this link.
> > >
> > >  Am I missing something?
> >
> > Yes.
> >
> > The same thing happens with LinkID
> >
> > In this case, the Router1 will not identify that the LinkID has changed
> > either, if the smallest prefix disappears (for example if Prefix3 is
> > actually the smallest prefix).
> >
> > Responses for LinkID will therefore also conflict, Router1 will
> > have a LinkID of prefix Prefix3, even if that prefix has been
> > assigned to an adjacent link.
>
> Linkid is designed to deal with such a pathological case with
> linkid prefix list.  Kindly check Sec 3 and 4.
>
> > For Prefix Landmarking:
> >
> > If any RAs by received by R1 indicating that the lifetime is
> > diminished, this will time out the entries.  Any single reception
> > of a lifetime zero advertisement from the owning router will
> > remove the prefix.
> >
> > This is the same as LinkID.
> >
> > So if Prefix Landmarking believes the prefix is still on-link
> > (and Prefix Landmarking has similar timers for lifetimes that
> > LinkID does) then the incorrect state will last about as long
> > for either.
> >
> > The assumption is that prefixes retracted without (effective)
> > zero lifetime advertisement and assigned to another link cause
> > problems for up to 90 minutes or so:
> >
> > This is the same for Prefix Landmarks, CompleteRA, LinkID and
> > (in hosts' view) CPL.
> >
> > This is a very tight corner case, since routers listen to RAs
> > in DNA, don't sleep, and routers should retract prefixes.
> >
> > At least with CompleteRA, you can ignore learned DNAO contents
> > since the rest of the CompleteRA will not match the existing
> > Complete Prefix List.
>
> I have difficulty following the above.
>
> > >>A prefix which answers
> > >>"Yes" will supercede a "No" if it is received first.
> > >
> > >
> > > I guess the same applies for "NO".
> > >
> > > "NO" will supercede a "YES", if it is received first, right?
> >
> > Yes, but a false movement detection is actually better than a false
> > non-movement detection, since the host recovers in milliseconds, not
> > minutes.
>
> Does the above mean "NO" will always supercede "YES", because
> a false movement detection is actually better than a false non-movement
> detection?
>
> > > In the example I present the above, "NO" is the correct one and
> > > doesn't result from "that a prefix's advertisement has not been
received
> > > on the "No" router before the RS with a landmark query is sent."
> >
> > I see your point: the most up-to-date router could respond "NO" based on
> > updated information.
> >
> > In that case though, it can also update the other routers with
> > the appropriate RA (prefix lifetime=0).
>
> Yes, but it needs additional mechanism to ensure every routers
> will receive the appropriate RA.
>
> > > Correct me wrong but when I looked through Landmark/ CompleteRA
> > > last time, I don't see any mechanism to deal with the case two routers
> > > give conflicting answers, one yes and the other no. Such a case can
> > > arise from a lack of synchronization.
> >
> > Indeed, this is the same as LinkID, where the out-of-date LinkID is
> > still used by a router which has not seen the PIO with the prefix
> > retracted.
> >
> > While Prefix Landmarks can conceivably answer "Yes" incorrectly
> > in this case, so would some of the LinkID routers.
>
> As I wrote above, it will not affect DNA performance for Linkid.
> Kindly look over the draft.
>
> > A practical solution for Prefix Landmarks may be to partly
> > ignore "Yes" answers - since they don't require much action: that
> > is keep the DNA process open if there's a non-movement indication.
> >
> > The DNA addressing mechanism may be re-normalized (and packet flow can
> > occur with the global addresses), but subsequent reception of a
> > trusted "No" RA within (say 500ms) could be used as a hint to re-build
> > a CPL - which may be a cause to detect change in a few seconds.
>
> Maybe, but the scheme seems to become more complicated. At least, I
> come to have difficulty following your arguments.
>
> Best Regards
>
> JinHyeock





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From: JinHyeock Choi <jinchoe@gmail.com>
Subject: Re: [DNA] DNA proposal issue 19 - was [Issue X] LinkID v.s. Landmark
 Prefix
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Dear Brett

> > Correct me wrong, but in ComplteRA or Landmark, there is no
> > mechanism which ensures that always such a linking (or overlapping)
> > prefix exists.
> 
> That's almost the definition of Complete RA.  All routers should be
> advertising the same set of prefixes so that pretty much ensures
> overlap.  The only way for there not to be is for a router which has
> no learned prefixes (ie. all of the prefixes it is advertising are
> explicitly configured on it) to instantly stop advertising those
> prefixes and start advertising a new set.  It's trivial to add a rule
> to say don't do that.

ok. Kindly add that rule and then we may resume this discussion. 

> > Assume a host having two prefix A and B, and making one address with
> > A and the other with B. Assume prefix A goes through prefix renumbering
> > and early reassignment and the host follows it. Then it will not perceive
> > that it can't no longer use the address with prefix B:.
> 
> True, but LinkID doesn't prevent that either.  Both methods need to
> manage that through the imposition of rules for renumbering, and the
> setting of timeouts on DNA information.

No, Linkid has a rule to prevent "Renumbering and Early reassignment." 

> > Linkid draft sets the rule to prevent such a case. So I may say that
> > Linkid is safe from flash renumbering and early reassignment, unless
> > there is a human error, (from which no scheme can be safe 100 %.)  .
> 
> And those same rules apply equally well to Landmark/CompleteRA.

Maybe. Then kindly also write down those rules in the draft. I will be 
happy if you also adopt the similar rule for Landmark/ CompleteRA. 

Best Regards

JinHyeock



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From: JinHyeock Choi <jinchoe@gmail.com>
Subject: Re: [DNA] DNA proposal issue 19 - was [Issue X] LinkID v.s.
 LandmarkPrefix
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Dear Jak

> My point is that, if we are to compare packet size as Greg suggested,
> we need to compare all the packet size coming from each scheme,
> not only the packet size of one RS/ RA exchange.
> 
> jak>> But how often will this signaling take place? I think one must be
> realistic about the critera. If the signaling only takes place every
> handover, then I think that the size isn't really relevant, within reason of
> course. We're not talking about a periodic beacon in that case.

If we take into consideration unsolicted RA, we may need to talk about 
periodic beacon. 

> jak>> So it seems like there is an assumption that this signaling will take
> place on the broadcast channel? Is that right? Has WiMax Forum already
> decided to do IP signaling on the broadcast channel?

It is not decided on yet. But if a node is to send, for example, an Neighbor
Solicitation message for DAD, broadcast channel seems to be needed. 
 
> jak>> I think there are more important criteria, like backward
> compatibility. How would each of these methods handle having a nonDNA router
> on the link, or handover between a DNA link and a nonDNA link? These are the
> kinds of issues that will negatively or positively impact deployment
> potential, not whether one or the other technique has a couple fewer bytes
> in the best case.

I see your point. Kindly allow me a question. 

Sathya asserted that efficient bandwidth utilization is a pro of 
Landmark/ CompleteRA over Linkid as below. 

   Prefix Landmark provides a way for the router to know whether the host
   with the 'landmark question' has changed link or not and build its
   (unicast-)RA accordingly, which I think will be very efficient in terms
   of bandwidth utilization as 'no link change' is more likely than not.  

From your stand toward packet size, I understand that you think 
the above is irrelevant for comparison. Right?

Thanks in advance for your kind consideration. 

Best Regards

JinHyeock



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Date: Mon, 25 Jul 2005 14:11:06 +0900
From: JinHyeock Choi <jinchoe@gmail.com>
Subject: Re: [DNA] DNA proposal issue 19 - was [Issue X] LinkID v.s. Landmark
 Prefix
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Dear Greg

> > As of my memory, in DT meeting, no such agreement (about why
> > FRD is left) is made.
> 
> It was left _in_, not _out_.
> 
> So it is still under consideration, but it is important to
> note (as I said above) that the scheme relies on
> modified link-layer devices on the network side, so it
> is important (IMO) to have a Base DNA protocol scheme which
> doesn't explicitly rely on the presence of FastRD to get
> useful performance.
> 
> If the WG desires that FastRD is included in another document,
> then that's OK.
> 
> > An unfortunate incident in D.C. made a paranoid out of me, so
> > I took keen notice about FRD treatment.
> 
> You've received my (public) apology on that count (and my
> statement that I was of good, if misguided intention), and my
> undertaking that I'll not interfere in any presentation or
> decision making by the WG.
> 
> > About the FRD applicability, that's the decision for WG. If WG
> > chooses FRD for its high performance in spite of L2 reliance,
> > it's WG's call.
> 
> Yes.
> 
> > It's ok for you have an opinion about FRD and its treatment but
> > I ask you NOT to assume it as an official agreement before going
> > through a proper decision procedure.
> 
> I never did. Your own quotation of the e-mails describes this.

Unfortunately I got the impression you did. When I mentioned that WG didn't 
make a decision that FRD is not under consideration for the main DNA solution, 
you wrote that WG decided at Minneapolis. If that impression was not intended,  
we agreed that WG didn't make a decision on FRD yet, right? In case, I wish
we close this not-so-pleasant issue here. 

> > > Well, it's the same for both schemes, and therefore shouldn't
> > > take up our highest priority (or any if we're pressed for time)...
> >
> > This the the conclusion I can't be sure of. There may be a link
> > in which CompleteRA can't be made as mentioned in Brett's draft
> > below,
> >
> >   It may not be possible to include all of the prefixes in use on the
> >   link due to MTU or administrative limitations.
> 
> Please let me make this clear then:
> 
> This is handled by falling back to CPL, and the RAs do not contain
> completeness indications (i.e it is not a CompleteRA).
> This is described in the draft (2nd paragraph of page 7, and
> fourth Paragraph of page 20).
> 
> Please notice that in the usual case, CompleteRA has the same
> per-packet overhead as Prefix LinkIDs: none.  So in the usual case
> the comments aren't applicable.
> 
> The MTU argument isn't useful for today's RAs and is present
> mainly for future protection:
> 
> For most deployments of routers:  say 4 distinct prefixes/link, the
> maximum overheads for CompleteRA and LinkID aren't very different:
> 
> CompleteRA :- maximum 56 octets Max overhead/RA
> LinkID:-  32 (64 transition) octets Max overhead/RA.
> 
> This assumes that each router advertises at least one prefix.
> 
> Since SEND will add less than 632 octets (320 CGA option,
> 280 octets Signature option, 16 timestamp, 16 Nonce) even
> with 2048bit RSA keys, there will still be 648 octets
> left for the IPv6 header, RA header and options, if we
> limit the RA to even the minimum IPv6 MTU (1280 octets).
> 
> With the headers, SLLAO and MIPv6 Advertisement Interval,
> there are still 576 octets left for PIOs and DNAO or
> LinkID LPIO options.
> 
> So the limitations have to be administrative today (due to
> storage or transmission limitations).
> 
> It's not going to take much/any text to describe
> the tradeoff, if it's needed.
> 
> So, getting back to my main point:
> 
> The schemes (CompleteRA and LinkID) are the same for
> unsolicited RA (disregarding co-existance and
> synchronization issues).   So we really don't need
> to identify one scheme as being better for
> unsolicited RAs.

The above analysis is dependent on # prefixes on a link. When I worked 
on CompleteRA, some DT members showed concern for the link with 
high # prefixes. 

Also I think we'd better have this kind of discussion to investigate whether 
unsoilcted RA differentiates or not first, before jumping to the conclusion
that unsolicited RA is irrelevant. 

Thanks in advance for your kind consideration. 

Best Regards

JinHyeock



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Subject: [DNA] Issue 12:  Network renumbering - guidelines for deployment? -
 was Re: [DNA] DNA proposal issue 19 - was [Issue X] LinkID v.s. Landmark Prefix
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JinHyeock Choi wrote:
> Dear Brett
> 
> 
>>>Correct me wrong, but in ComplteRA or Landmark, there is no
>>>mechanism which ensures that always such a linking (or overlapping)
>>>prefix exists.
>>
>>That's almost the definition of Complete RA.  All routers should be
>>advertising the same set of prefixes so that pretty much ensures
>>overlap.  The only way for there not to be is for a router which has
>>no learned prefixes (ie. all of the prefixes it is advertising are
>>explicitly configured on it) to instantly stop advertising those
>>prefixes and start advertising a new set.  It's trivial to add a rule
>>to say don't do that.
> 
> 
> ok. Kindly add that rule and then we may resume this discussion. 

I'll add this to the discussion on issue 12 which was about this point.
We had more or less decided to just describe the consequences of
flash reassignment.  It's trivial to say "don't reassign a prefix to
a new link before it's old lifetime has expired" and that solves this
problem, but maybe that's too strict a requirement (or maybe it's not).
I'm not sure how this fits in with DHCPv6 prefix delegation, for
example.  It sounds like this needs further investigation.

Brett.



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Date: Mon, 25 Jul 2005 09:32:03 +0200
From: Christian Vogt <chvogt@tm.uka.de>
Subject: Re: [DNA] New I-D: draft-vogt-dna-relocation-00.txt
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Hi Brett, hi Erik.

 > Ah yes.  For some reason a forgot that the MN would be the one
 > initiating the communication.  Is there any way that an on-link
 > node could obtain the MN's CoA and try to initiate a
 > communication?

Ok, you are talking about the case were an on-link node configures the 
MN's optimistic address after the MN has configured that address (as 
optimistic), but before the MN has sent the initial NS for that address, 
right?

Draft-ietf-ipv6-optimistic-dad-05.txt says:

    * (modifies 5.4.3) The node MUST NOT reply to a Neighbor Solicitation
         for an Optimistic Address from the unspecified address.  This NS
         indicates that the address is a duplicate, and it MUST be
         deconfigured as per the behaviour specified in RFC2462 for
         Tentative addresses.

In this case, the NS is from a node doing (0)DAD.  The rule ensures that 
  the node who sends the NS first wins and can retain the address.

    * (modifies 5.4.3) The node MUST reply to a Neighbor Solicitation for
         an Optimistic Address from a unicast address, but the reply MUST
         have the Override flag cleared (O=0).

In this case, the NS is from a node doing normal address resolution. 
This rule should not be a problem.

- Christian

-- 
Christian Vogt, Institute of Telematics, University of Karlsruhe
www.tm.uka.de/~chvogt/pubkey/



Brett Pentland wrote:
> Hi Erik, Christian,
> 
>>   > This sounds good for most communications (assuming that most
>>
>>> communications with the host go through the router).  There
>>> might still be a bit of a problem if an on-link device (other
>>> than the router) tries to send a packet to the optimistic
>>> address before the MLD report goes out since the host won't
>>> receive the resulting NS from this on-link node.  I guess this
>>> might come up if the host is a mobile node and tries to perform
>>> route optimization with a node that just happens to be connected
>>> to the same link as itself.
>>
>> But in that case wouldn't the new host send a NS as part of 
>> communicating with the CoA of the peer? I guess it depends on the 
>> details of any MIPv6 RO procedure.
> 
> Ah yes.  For some reason a forgot that the MN would be the one
> initiating the communication.  Is there any way that an on-link
> node could obtain the MN's CoA and try to initiate a
> communication?
> 
> Brett.




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From: Brett Pentland <brett.pentland@eng.monash.edu.au>
Subject: Re: [DNA] New I-D: draft-vogt-dna-relocation-00.txt
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Christian Vogt wrote:
> Hi Brett, hi Erik.
> 
>  > Ah yes.  For some reason a forgot that the MN would be the one
>  > initiating the communication.  Is there any way that an on-link
>  > node could obtain the MN's CoA and try to initiate a
>  > communication?
> 
> Ok, you are talking about the case were an on-link node configures the 
> MN's optimistic address after the MN has configured that address (as 
> optimistic), but before the MN has sent the initial NS for that address, 
> right?

No.  I was wondering if it's possible for an on-link node to obtain the
CoA and try to start a communication with the MN.  I guess this doesn't
make sense.  Thinking further, the MN would only be using the address in
this pre-oDAD state to get a RA.  It would have to send the MLD and NS
packets before it started using the address any further.

Maybe this does have implications for MIPv6, etc.  The MN can't really
send a binding update until after the NS which has to wait for the MLD
report.

Any thoughts?
Brett.



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Date: Mon, 25 Jul 2005 16:54:21 +0900
From: JinHyeock Choi <jinchoe@gmail.com>
Subject: Re: [DNA] [Issue X] LinkID v.s. Landmark Prefix
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Dear Erik

> > Linkid deals with this problem with special schemes as as Linkid prefix
> > list and a few advertisement rules, such as keep advertising old linkid
> > after a linkid change for the time being. But for CompleteRA (also for
> > Landmark), as of my knowledge, no such mechanism is devised yet,
> > though I myself had worked on it before I switched to linkid. My thought
> > is that it's easier to synchronize one prefix rather than synchronize all
> > the prefixes on the link.
> 
> I'm not sure it is conceptually simpler to synchronize one item chosen
> from a set, than forming the set.

These are my line of thoughts. 

We can't avoid a temporary flapping for the related set, the set of
all prefixes
on a link. 

In linkid scheme, one item (linkid prefix) of the set matters for DNA
performance.
So we designed a few special schemes for the linkid prefix so that
linkid prefix(es)
won't give incorrect information about a link change, even under
temporary flapping.

But for Complete RA or Landmark, IMO, we need to adopt similar schemes such 
as "Linkid Prefix List" or "Old linkid advertising rule" to all
prefixes because we
don't know which prefix will affect DNA decision. 

> In the latter case each router forms the union of its own advertised
> prefixes and the prefixes it receives in RAs. Thus there can be no
> conflict; there is no selection of a prefix.
> 
> In the former case, there can be transients when the sending and
> receiving router have a different idea of what the selected linkID
> prefix should be, thus one needs to worry about how such transients are
> handled. 

If all routers agree on the selection algorithm, it's almost automatical
to select the prefix among the set of prefixes. That's why I chose the
simplest selection scheme, picking the smallest prefix. 

> (One can avoid that complexity by not trying to form a single
> linkID all the time, but instead let each router picks its own linkID
> prefix and tell the other routers. I haven't worked out the details of
> such a scheme though.)

I thought it simpler to make routers agree on the same selection
scheme but would like to hear your scheme when developed. 

Thanks for your kind consideration. 

Best Regards

JinHyeock



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From: Brett Pentland <brett.pentland@eng.monash.edu.au>
Subject: Re: [DNA] [Issue X] LinkID v.s. Landmark Prefix
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JinHyeock Choi wrote:
> Dear Erik
> 
> 
>>>Linkid deals with this problem with special schemes as as Linkid prefix
>>>list and a few advertisement rules, such as keep advertising old linkid
>>>after a linkid change for the time being. But for CompleteRA (also for
>>>Landmark), as of my knowledge, no such mechanism is devised yet,
>>>though I myself had worked on it before I switched to linkid. My thought
>>>is that it's easier to synchronize one prefix rather than synchronize all
>>>the prefixes on the link.
>>
>>I'm not sure it is conceptually simpler to synchronize one item chosen
>>from a set, than forming the set.
> 
> 
> These are my line of thoughts. 
> 
> We can't avoid a temporary flapping for the related set, the set of
> all prefixes
> on a link. 
> 
> In linkid scheme, one item (linkid prefix) of the set matters for DNA
> performance.
> So we designed a few special schemes for the linkid prefix so that
> linkid prefix(es)
> won't give incorrect information about a link change, even under
> temporary flapping.
> 
> But for Complete RA or Landmark, IMO, we need to adopt similar schemes such 
> as "Linkid Prefix List" or "Old linkid advertising rule" to all
> prefixes because we
> don't know which prefix will affect DNA decision. 

For Landmarks:

    If a prefix is removed, the host will receive a "NO" answer, which
    also include prefixes that are on the link and have been seen by the
    host before so it can see there is no link change and yet will also
    know that the prefix it was using as a landmark is no longer valid.
    (I think we need text to clear that up)

    If a prefix is added the host will have no knowledge of it and so
    it won't be involved in the decision making process at all.

For CompleteRA (which is proposed as a fallback for when it is not
possible to use landmarks):

    By its nature it creates overlap between the sets of RAs advertised
    by the routers on a link.  It doesn't matter whether the sets
    agree completely or not, as long as there's overlap (because link-
    change is detected by receiving a RA with a set disjoint from the
    set of prefixes the host has seen on the link).  The pathological
    case that we may need to take action to avoid is where a router
    that is currently configured with all of the prefixes in use on a
    link, suddenly has all of them removed and replaced with a new
    disjoint set.  We need to add some text to say not to do that.

LinkID has a much more complex technique for managing prefix change
involving advertising prefixes for some length of time with short
lifetimes before advertising them with zero lifetimes in order to
avoid confusion.  I don't think this is needed for Landmark/CompleteRA.

I hope I've got that right.  Can you see any faults?
Cheers,
Brett.



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Date: Mon, 25 Jul 2005 14:34:05 +0530
From: Syam Madanapalli <syam@samsung.com>
Subject: Re: [DNA] [Issue X] LinkID v.s. Landmark Prefix
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Hi Brett,

[cut]
>>
>> These are my line of thoughts. We can't avoid a temporary flapping for 
>> the related set, the set of
>> all prefixes
>> on a link. In linkid scheme, one item (linkid prefix) of the set matters 
>> for DNA
>> performance.
>> So we designed a few special schemes for the linkid prefix so that
>> linkid prefix(es)
>> won't give incorrect information about a link change, even under
>> temporary flapping.
>>
>> But for Complete RA or Landmark, IMO, we need to adopt similar schemes 
>> such as "Linkid Prefix List" or "Old linkid advertising rule" to all
>> prefixes because we
>> don't know which prefix will affect DNA decision.
>
> For Landmarks:
>
>    If a prefix is removed, the host will receive a "NO" answer, which
>    also include prefixes that are on the link and have been seen by the
>    host before so it can see there is no link change and yet will also
>    know that the prefix it was using as a landmark is no longer valid.
>    (I think we need text to clear that up)

A host may get 'YES' answer from a Router (R2) before the 'NO' answer
from Router (R1) because the deletion of the prefix (P1) at R1 might not 
have
propagated to R2 at the time of answering the landmar query for P1.

>
>    If a prefix is added the host will have no knowledge of it and so
>    it won't be involved in the decision making process at all.
>
> For CompleteRA (which is proposed as a fallback for when it is not
> possible to use landmarks):
>
>    By its nature it creates overlap between the sets of RAs advertised
>    by the routers on a link.  It doesn't matter whether the sets
>    agree completely or not, as long as there's overlap (because link-
>    change is detected by receiving a RA with a set disjoint from the
>    set of prefixes the host has seen on the link).  The pathological
>    case that we may need to take action to avoid is where a router
>    that is currently configured with all of the prefixes in use on a
>    link, suddenly has all of them removed and replaced with a new
>    disjoint set.  We need to add some text to say not to do that.

As we are not anyway interested in building the complete prefix list,
why cannot we just depend on CPL to build. I did not remember
the waiting time for building the CPL, but I am sure it will be in few
seconds. When a host sends RS with Landmark question, and answer
is 'NO' a host can buid the CPL (almost) from the resulting RAs which
is sufficient to detect the link change at the new link even if the node
moves within few seconds.

>
> LinkID has a much more complex technique for managing prefix change
> involving advertising prefixes for some length of time with short
> lifetimes before advertising them with zero lifetimes in order to
> avoid confusion.  I don't think this is needed for Landmark/CompleteRA.

If we need to have the similar confidence in determining the link change 
with
graceful prefix addition/deletion, we need similar techniques for all of the
prefixes on the link incase of Landmark/CompleteRA.

>
> I hope I've got that right.  Can you see any faults?
> Cheers,
> Brett.
>
> 




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Date: Mon, 25 Jul 2005 12:22:26 +0200
From: "Tero Kauppinen (JO/LMF)" <tero.kauppinen@ericsson.com>
Subject: RE: [DNA] New I-D: draft-vogt-dna-relocation-00.txt
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Hi Brett,

> No.  I was wondering if it's possible for an on-link node to obtain
the
> CoA and try to start a communication with the MN.  I guess this
doesn't
> make sense.  

No, I don't think so. CNs should use MN's home address to initiate the
communication (unless it has a binding cache entry).

Tero

Thinking further, the MN would only be using the address in
> this pre-oDAD state to get a RA.  It would have to send the MLD and NS
> packets before it started using the address any further.
> 
> Maybe this does have implications for MIPv6, etc.  The MN can't really
> send a binding update until after the NS which has to wait for the MLD
> report.
> 
> Any thoughts?
> Brett.



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From: Erik Nordmark <erik.nordmark@sun.com>
Subject: Re: [DNA] New I-D: draft-vogt-dna-relocation-00.txt
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Brett Pentland wrote:

> Ah yes.  For some reason a forgot that the MN would be the one
> initiating the communication.  Is there any way that an on-link
> node could obtain the MN's CoA and try to initiate a
> communication?

I decided to walk through the details for the case when a CN on a link 
and the MN moves to that link, and does RO with the CN.

The steps would be:
1. MN uses DNA to detect that it has moved; sees a link up notification, 
and sends an RS (address is optimistic)
2. Receives an RA which indicates that it has moved.
3. Sends a BU to the HA. Initiates the BU process with the CN by sending 
a CoTI (and HoTI). The CoTI is sent from the CoA to the CN's address, 
thus it triggers the NS/NA exchange with the CN.
4. CN receives the HoTI and responds with a HoT. Receives the CoTI at 
about the same time. Tries to send a CoT. Has the neighbor cache entry 
for the CoA from the NS it received in #3.

Looks ok.

But if the CN was really a MN (MN2) (i.e., we have two MNs which have 
moved to the same link), then the CoTI wouldn't be sent to the HoA2, and 
tunneled by HA2 to CoA2. Thus in #3 there wouldn't be a NS/NA exchange - 
the CoTI would be sent to HA2 (which we assume is off link).

But even in that case I think we are ok; the CoT will be sourced by MN2 
with HoA2 as the source address, thus MN2 will reverse tunnel it via 
HA2. Hence MN2 doesn't need a neighbor cache entry in #4.

Later (step 5) the MN sends the BU from CoA to CoA2, which makes it do a 
NS/NA exchange to find the link layer address for CoA2.

I guess one can do similar analysis for other RO schemes, but it might 
be a bit tedious.

One can instead argue that if the MN sends the MLD report as part of #3, 
even if it is sent after the other messages in #3, then the probability 
that something will try to do a NS/NA exchange with the MN before the 
MLD report is sent is very small. And should that ever happen, then the 
fact that the NS will be retransmitted after 1 second should take care 
of things.

So in summary, it's ok as long as the MLD report is sent "early", even 
if it isn't sent first.

    Erik



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Date: Mon, 25 Jul 2005 03:51:00 -0700
From: Erik Nordmark <erik.nordmark@sun.com>
Subject: Re: [DNA] DNA proposal issue 19 - was [Issue X] LinkID v.s. Landmark
 Prefix
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JinHyeock Choi wrote:

> No, Linkid has a rule to prevent "Renumbering and Early reassignment." 

I agree that Linkid (as well as CPL I think) has a recommendation to the 
administrator to not reassign a prefix to another link in less than 3 hours.
I'm not sure the same text is in the landmark draft yet, but it would be 
trivial to add.

But my concern is what happens should the administrator not follow this 
recommendation.

The worst case would be when P1 and P2 are assigned to link1, and P2 is 
immediately reassigned to link3 (which had prefix P3 before), at about 
the same time that the a host moves from link1 to link3.

In that case, any prefix based scheme for link identification (CPL, 
landmark, linkid, or anything else we can invent) can get into trouble, 
by the host assuming that P1, P2, and P3 are assigned to link3.

Should this happen, then the host will assume that P1 is usable until 
the last valid/preferred lifetimes it saw has expired. Since RFC 2461 
suggests a default preferred lifetime of 7 days, the host will try to 
use P1 as a source address for 7 days, even though no packets returned 
to P1 will make it back to the link to which the host is attached.

We could decide this is the administrators fault, and not do anything. 
Or we could add a mechanism to attempt to detect this and recover in 
less than 7 days.

But the problem certainly isn't specific to any particular proposal, 
since they all rely on prefixes for link identification. And I suspect 
that we have the same choices in terms of solutions independent of which 
proposal we apply this to.

    Erik



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From: Greg Daley <Greg.Daley@eng.monash.edu.au>
Subject: Re: [DNA] DNA proposal issue 19 - was [Issue X] LinkID v.s. Landmark
 Prefix
Sender: owner-dna@ecselists.eng.monash.edu.au
To: Erik Nordmark <erik.nordmark@sun.com>
Cc: JinHyeock Choi <jinchoe@gmail.com>,
        Brett Pentland <brett.pentland@eng.monash.edu.au>,
        greg.daley@eng.monash.edu.au,
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Hi Erik, 

----- Original Message -----
From: Erik Nordmark <erik.nordmark@sun.com>
Date: Monday, July 25, 2005 8:51 pm
Subject: Re: [DNA] DNA proposal issue 19 - was [Issue X] LinkID v.s. 
Landmark Prefix
> JinHyeock Choi wrote:
> 
> > No, Linkid has a rule to prevent "Renumbering and Early 
> reassignment." 
> 
> I agree that Linkid (as well as CPL I think) has a recommendation 
> to the administrator to not reassign a prefix to another link in 
less 
> than 3 hours.
> I'm not sure the same text is in the landmark draft yet, but it 
> would be trivial to add.
> 
> But my concern is what happens should the administrator not follow 
> this recommendation.
> 
> The worst case would be when P1 and P2 are assigned to link1, and 
> P2 is immediately reassigned to link3 (which had prefix P3 before), 
at 
> about the same time that the a host moves from link1 to link3.
> 
> In that case, any prefix based scheme for link identification 
> (CPL, landmark, linkid, or anything else we can invent) can get into 
> trouble, by the host assuming that P1, P2, and P3 are assigned to 
link3.
> 
> Should this happen, then the host will assume that P1 is usable 
> until the last valid/preferred lifetimes it saw has expired. Since 
RFC 
> 2461 suggests a default preferred lifetime of 7 days, the host will 
try 
> to use P1 as a source address for 7 days, even though no packets 
> returned to P1 will make it back to the link to which the host is
> attached.

In CPL which is host (only) based, the timers are on the host, and 
protect
the host from long term damage, by removing unupdated information 
at the host.

Even with the most broken readvartisement scheme for stale information,
the damage could only occur for a maximum:
(Router out-of-date timer + Host out-of-date timer)

If the readvertisement schemes for routers override bad state
for the hosts, The lifetime for bad information is less than:

(Router out-of-date timer) + (MaxRtrAdvInterval * ROBUSTNESS)

By this time, the host should be updated, with fresh state.
This time is actually related to the readvertising router's actual
configuration timers (rather than defaults, etc), so it may be 
significantly lower than the previous cost.

So if Router out-of-date timer = 1800s (MAXRA) and Host out-of-date 
timer=3600s
(2x MAXRA).  This assumes fairly reliable transmission between routers
(potentially 2 x MAXRA for routers though)).

Overall the possibility for out of date information is reduced to 2 
hours
after change (in that situation, and potentially, 1 hour and a very 
few seconds
if the override mechanism is possible).

Greg



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Date: Tue, 26 Jul 2005 05:11:33 +1000
From: Greg Daley <Greg.Daley@eng.monash.edu.au>
Subject: Re: [DNA] DNA proposal issue 19 - was [Issue X] LinkID v.s. Landmark
 Prefix
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To: JinHyeock Choi <jinchoe@gmail.com>
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Hi JinHyeock,

----- Original Message -----
From: JinHyeock Choi <jinchoe@gmail.com>
Date: Monday, July 25, 2005 3:11 pm
Subject: Re: [DNA] DNA proposal issue 19 - was [Issue X] LinkID v.s. 
Landmark Prefix
> Dear Greg
> 
> > > As of my memory, in DT meeting, no such agreement (about why
> > > FRD is left) is made.
> > 
> > It was left _in_, not _out_.
> > 
> > So it is still under consideration, but it is important to
> > note (as I said above) that the scheme relies on
> > modified link-layer devices on the network side, so it
> > is important (IMO) to have a Base DNA protocol scheme which
> > doesn't explicitly rely on the presence of FastRD to get
> > useful performance.
> > 
> > If the WG desires that FastRD is included in another document,
> > then that's OK.
> > 
> > > An unfortunate incident in D.C. made a paranoid out of me, so
> > > I took keen notice about FRD treatment.
> > 
> > You've received my (public) apology on that count (and my
> > statement that I was of good, if misguided intention), and my
> > undertaking that I'll not interfere in any presentation or
> > decision making by the WG.
> > 
> > > About the FRD applicability, that's the decision for WG. If WG
> > > chooses FRD for its high performance in spite of L2 reliance,
> > > it's WG's call.
> > 
> > Yes.
> > 
> > > It's ok for you have an opinion about FRD and its treatment but
> > > I ask you NOT to assume it as an official agreement before going
> > > through a proper decision procedure.
> > 
> > I never did. Your own quotation of the e-mails describes this.
> 
> Unfortunately I got the impression you did. When I mentioned that 
> WG didn't make a decision that FRD is not under consideration for
> the main DNA solution, you wrote that WG decided at Minneapolis.
> If that impression was not intended, we agreed that WG didn't make
> a decision on FRD yet, right? In case, I wish
> we close this not-so-pleasant issue here. 

OK.


[cut]
> > So, getting back to my main point:
> > 
> > The schemes (CompleteRA and LinkID) are the same for
> > unsolicited RA (disregarding co-existance and
> > synchronization issues).   So we really don't need
> > to identify one scheme as being better for
> > unsolicited RAs.
> 
> The above analysis is dependent on # prefixes on a link. When I 
> worked on CompleteRA, some DT members showed concern for the
> link with high # prefixes. 

Certainly, but the fallback case is also described with CPL.
Each router is able to make an assessment if it can support the
complete number of Prefixes.  Any single router which can take
the load can send the RA as complete.  This will work so long as the 
prefixes are advertised by at least one router on the link.

Advertisement of a subset of the prefixes is even possible
(without coordination) if the cost of completeRA is too high

At the moment DNAO costs floor( ((#prefix * 17)+ 2+7)/ 8) octets.
for all additional prefixes advertised.   That's pretty
efficient compared to PIO.

Even more efficient schemes have been described - 
floor (((#prefix *9)+3+7)/8) octets)
- variant 2.

Given the size of the packets available in IPv6, the larger
option ( even with 6 native PIO prefixes) that can fit 
22 learned prefixes in the DNAO, even with the nastiest SEND
scenario I could describe.

That's a big # of prefixes.

As described before, this is not going to happen on any
well designed network.  We can even add 2 lines to help 
describe network configurations which are bad for this.

> Also I think we'd better have this kind of discussion to 
> investigate whether unsoilcted RA differentiates or not
> first, before jumping to the conclusion that unsolicited
> RA is irrelevant. 

OK, but except in never deployed pathological cases, 
CompleteRA is able to provide the same function as LinkID 
(with additional completeness for CPL).

Greg



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From: Brett Pentland <brett.pentland@eng.monash.edu.au>
Subject: Re: [DNA] [Issue X] LinkID v.s. Landmark Prefix
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Hi Syam,

Syam Madanapalli wrote:
> Hi Brett,
> 
> [cut]
> 
>>>
>>> These are my line of thoughts. We can't avoid a temporary flapping 
>>> for the related set, the set of
>>> all prefixes
>>> on a link. In linkid scheme, one item (linkid prefix) of the set 
>>> matters for DNA
>>> performance.
>>> So we designed a few special schemes for the linkid prefix so that
>>> linkid prefix(es)
>>> won't give incorrect information about a link change, even under
>>> temporary flapping.
>>>
>>> But for Complete RA or Landmark, IMO, we need to adopt similar 
>>> schemes such as "Linkid Prefix List" or "Old linkid advertising rule" 
>>> to all
>>> prefixes because we
>>> don't know which prefix will affect DNA decision.
>>
>>
>> For Landmarks:
>>
>>    If a prefix is removed, the host will receive a "NO" answer, which
>>    also include prefixes that are on the link and have been seen by the
>>    host before so it can see there is no link change and yet will also
>>    know that the prefix it was using as a landmark is no longer valid.
>>    (I think we need text to clear that up)
> 
> 
> A host may get 'YES' answer from a Router (R2) before the 'NO' answer
> from Router (R1) because the deletion of the prefix (P1) at R1 might not 
> have
> propagated to R2 at the time of answering the landmar query for P1.

Yes, and as far as DNA goes that is the correct answer in that there is
no link change.  When the subsequent NO answer arrives, the accompanying
prefixes will also show that there has been no link change and the
NO on that particular prefix gives the _additional information_ that it
is no longer valid (though the extra information is not necessary
because the second RA will have that expressed with a P1 PIO with zero
lifetime).  LinkID gives the same result.

>> For CompleteRA (which is proposed as a fallback for when it is not
>> possible to use landmarks):
>>
>>    By its nature it creates overlap between the sets of RAs advertised
>>    by the routers on a link.  It doesn't matter whether the sets
>>    agree completely or not, as long as there's overlap (because link-
>>    change is detected by receiving a RA with a set disjoint from the
>>    set of prefixes the host has seen on the link).  The pathological
>>    case that we may need to take action to avoid is where a router
>>    that is currently configured with all of the prefixes in use on a
>>    link, suddenly has all of them removed and replaced with a new
>>    disjoint set.  We need to add some text to say not to do that.
> 
> 
> As we are not anyway interested in building the complete prefix list,
> why cannot we just depend on CPL to build. I did not remember
> the waiting time for building the CPL, but I am sure it will be in few
> seconds. When a host sends RS with Landmark question, and answer
> is 'NO' a host can buid the CPL (almost) from the resulting RAs which
> is sufficient to detect the link change at the new link even if the node
> moves within few seconds.

Just relying on CPL instead of CompleteRA is a possibility.  Depends if
folks are willing to have a window of 12 seconds (?) after each link
change where another link change will not be able to be detect rapidly.
When we wrote the proposal, we felt that we needed something more.

>>
>> LinkID has a much more complex technique for managing prefix change
>> involving advertising prefixes for some length of time with short
>> lifetimes before advertising them with zero lifetimes in order to
>> avoid confusion.  I don't think this is needed for Landmark/CompleteRA.
> 
> 
> If we need to have the similar confidence in determining the link change 
> with
> graceful prefix addition/deletion, we need similar techniques for all of 
> the
> prefixes on the link incase of Landmark/CompleteRA.

I think I've shown that those additional techniques are not needed for
Landmark/CompleteRA.  It may be that they are not needed for LinkID
either.  I think the LinkID proposal would need to be modified to allow
hosts to use the other prefixes in the RA for link identification, not
just those marked as LinkIDs.

Brett.



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From: Brett Pentland <brett.pentland@eng.monash.edu.au>
Subject: Re: [DNA] New I-D: draft-vogt-dna-relocation-00.txt
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Erik Nordmark wrote:
> 
> So in summary, it's ok as long as the MLD report is sent "early", even 
> if it isn't sent first.

OK.  Sounds fine.  Thanks for working through it.

Brett.



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Date: Mon, 25 Jul 2005 04:56:24 -0700
From: Erik Nordmark <erik.nordmark@sun.com>
Subject: Re: [DNA] [Issue X] LinkID v.s. Landmark Prefix
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Syam Madanapalli wrote:

> If we need to have the similar confidence in determining the link change 
> with
> graceful prefix addition/deletion, we need similar techniques for all of 
> the
> prefixes on the link incase of Landmark/CompleteRA.

Syam,
You keep making this statement, but I think it is factually incorrect. 
See my other email responding to JinHyoeck.

   Erik





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Date: Mon, 25 Jul 2005 19:10:25 -0700
From: Erik Nordmark <erik.nordmark@sun.com>
Subject: Re: [DNA] [Issue X] LinkID v.s. Landmark Prefix
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JinHyeock Choi wrote:

> We can't avoid a temporary flapping for the related set, the set of
> all prefixes
> on a link. 

Just to make it sure we are all talking about the same thing, by 
"flapping" I assume we mean the following:

When the set of prefixes on a link changes, e.g., a prefix is being 
added or a prefix is being removed, there is the possibility that a host 
see more than one change (see things flapping back and forth) until the 
routers have been synchronized.
For instance, if the prefix set is {P1, P2} and P3 is added, one would 
ideally have the host see {P1, P2} and then see {P1, P2, P3}, but when 
RAs come from different routers, there might be a small window when the 
host sees RAs vary in a sequence like {P1, P2}, {P1, P2, P3}, {P1, P2}, 
{P1, P2, P3}. This is due to the third RA (with {P1, P2}) coming from a 
router which hadn't seen P3 yet.

If there is no packet loss, the window during which this can happen is 
very small (basically the propagation delay of the RA which carries the 
new prefix from one router to another). With packet loss, the worst case 
window is the time it takes to successfully retransmit the RA so that 
the other routers see it.

> In linkid scheme, one item (linkid prefix) of the set matters for DNA
> performance.
> So we designed a few special schemes for the linkid prefix so that
> linkid prefix(es)
> won't give incorrect information about a link change, even under
> temporary flapping.

Yes, but linkid still has flapping issues; you just have a technique to 
avoid this resulting in an incorrect result. (In the case of linkid the 
flapping effects the linkID which each routers picks. Thus if P3 was the 
numerically smallest prefix then the flapping in the prefix set would 
result in flapping in the linkID prefix the host sees.) Handling this 
requires some additional logic in linkID.

> But for Complete RA or Landmark, IMO, we need to adopt similar schemes such 
> as "Linkid Prefix List" or "Old linkid advertising rule" to all
> prefixes because we
> don't know which prefix will affect DNA decision. 

I don't think so. CompleteRA is basically the same as CPL in this 
respect, in that the prefix sets are compared to see whether they are 
disjoint. In the above example, there is overlap between {P1, P2} and 
{P1, P2, P3} hence the host would correctly conclude that it didn't move.

Landmark is basically an optimization of completeRA, with a fallback to 
completeRA/CPL prefix comparisons when there was no landmark response, 
or no DNA capable router, respectively. Thus the completeRA/CPL 
observation holds. This even takes care of the case when a host picks up 
{P1, P2, P3}, selects P3 as its landmark, gets a new link up 
notification, sends a RS, and get a response with "landmark P3 = NO, 
PIO={P1, P2}, from a router which hasn't yet seen P3, since the host 
would compare the prefix sets in that case as well. (I'm not sure that 
is in the I-D, but I think it needs to be in the I-D to handle the 
analogous case of moving to a link with no DNA routers.)

> If all routers agree on the selection algorithm, it's almost automatical
> to select the prefix among the set of prefixes. That's why I chose the
> simplest selection scheme, picking the smallest prefix. 

Sure. But my point is that a router needs to be prepared to receive a RA 
where some other router, due to not having seen an RA, or being broken, 
is claiming that some other prefix is the linkID. That's some added 
complexity.

> I thought it simpler to make routers agree on the same selection
> scheme but would like to hear your scheme when developed. 

I think it would be isomorphic to linkid; just a different way of
thinking about the problem. (BTW: "simple" and "distributed agreement"
don't belong together in the same sentence. :-)

    Erik




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Date: Mon, 25 Jul 2005 19:24:55 -0700
From: Erik Nordmark <erik.nordmark@sun.com>
Subject: Re: [DNA] DNA proposal issue 19 - was [Issue X] LinkID v.s. Landmark
 Prefix
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Greg Daley wrote:

> In CPL which is host (only) based, the timers are on the host, and 
> protect
> the host from long term damage, by removing unupdated information 
> at the host.
> 
> Even with the most broken readvartisement scheme for stale information,
> the damage could only occur for a maximum:
> (Router out-of-date timer + Host out-of-date timer)

Are you talking about RFC 2461, or are you talking about a proposal for 
how CPL could work?

    Erik

> If the readvertisement schemes for routers override bad state
> for the hosts, The lifetime for bad information is less than:
> 
> (Router out-of-date timer) + (MaxRtrAdvInterval * ROBUSTNESS)
> 
> By this time, the host should be updated, with fresh state.
> This time is actually related to the readvertising router's actual
> configuration timers (rather than defaults, etc), so it may be 
> significantly lower than the previous cost.
> 
> So if Router out-of-date timer = 1800s (MAXRA) and Host out-of-date 
> timer=3600s
> (2x MAXRA).  This assumes fairly reliable transmission between routers
> (potentially 2 x MAXRA for routers though)).
> 
> Overall the possibility for out of date information is reduced to 2 
> hours
> after change (in that situation, and potentially, 1 hour and a very 
> few seconds
> if the override mechanism is possible).
> 
> Greg




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From: JinHyeock Choi <jinchoe@gmail.com>
Subject: Re: [DNA] [Issue X] LinkID v.s. Landmark Prefix
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Dear Erik

> > If we need to have the similar confidence in determining the link change
> > with
> > graceful prefix addition/deletion, we need similar techniques for all of
> > the
> > prefixes on the link incase of Landmark/CompleteRA.
> 
> Syam,
> You keep making this statement, but I think it is factually incorrect.
> See my other email responding to JinHyoeck.

In linkid scheme, a prefix addition or deletion would not 
cause an incorrect decision, whereas there is such a 
possibility for Landmark/ CompleteRA. 

Allow me an example. 

Assume a link with a router R and host H. 
R advertises Prefix1. 

R1 happens to stop advertising Prefix1 and 
start advertising a new prefix Prefix2. 

R announces it by sending an RA but H 
doesn't receive it. 

Then next time H receives CompleteRA with
Prefix2, it will falsely assume a link change.   

Linkid scheme deal with such a temporary flapping by adopting 
extra techniques such as "Linkid Prefix List" or "LEAST_VALID_LIFETIME". 

I don't know how Landmark/ CompleteRA can make a correct decision
under flapping without such an extra techniques. 

Thanks in advance for your kind consideration. 

Best Regards

JinHyeock



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From: Erik Nordmark <erik.nordmark@sun.com>
Subject: Re: [DNA] [Issue X] LinkID v.s. Landmark Prefix
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JinHyeock Choi wrote:

> In linkid scheme, a prefix addition or deletion would not 
> cause an incorrect decision, whereas there is such a 
> possibility for Landmark/ CompleteRA. 
> 
> Allow me an example. 
> 
> Assume a link with a router R and host H. 
> R advertises Prefix1. 
> 
> R1 happens to stop advertising Prefix1 and 
> start advertising a new prefix Prefix2. 

But in this case, when all the prefixes are being removed and replaced 
with a completely new set of prefixes, there is little if no harm to 
incorrectly assume a link change (after all, all the addresses need to 
be reconfigured, etc).

A more realistic example is the one I included in my more recent email 
today.

> R announces it by sending an RA but H 
> doesn't receive it. 
> 
> Then next time H receives CompleteRA with
> Prefix2, it will falsely assume a link change.   

Actually not; if will only assume a link change if it receives a link up 
event notification between the last time it heard a RA with Prefix1 and 
the first time it heard an RA with Prefix2.

    Erik

> Linkid scheme deal with such a temporary flapping by adopting 
> extra techniques such as "Linkid Prefix List" or "LEAST_VALID_LIFETIME". 
> 
> I don't know how Landmark/ CompleteRA can make a correct decision
> under flapping without such an extra techniques. 
> 
> Thanks in advance for your kind consideration. 
> 
> Best Regards
> 
> JinHyeock
> 




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Date: Mon, 25 Jul 2005 22:50:26 -0400
From: Sathya Narayanan <sathya@research.panasonic.com>
Subject: Flash renumbering (was:Re: [DNA] DNA proposal issue 19 - was[Issue	X]
 LinkID v.s. LandmarkPrefix)
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Erik -

I reordered the text in your email (and changed the subject line) with my comments inline.

> But the problem certainly isn't specific to any particular proposal, 
> since they all rely on prefixes for link identification. And I suspect 
> that we have the same choices in terms of solutions independent of which 
> proposal we apply this to.
FWIW, I completely agree with you on this. IMHO, the synchronization complexity/issue is same/similar for all of these schemes.

> We could decide this is the administrators fault, and not do anything. 
> Or we could add a mechanism to attempt to detect this and recover 
> in less than 7 days.

Having said that, I am going to try to solve this problem using the Landmark scheme. Be warned that this is me just thinking out loud and you should remember how lost I get when I do that ;-)

> The worst case would be when P1 and P2 are assigned to link1, and P2 is 
> immediately reassigned to link3 (which had prefix P3 before), at about 
> the same time that the a host moves from link1 to link3.
> 
> In that case, any prefix based scheme for link identification (CPL, landmark, linkid, or anything else we can invent) can get into trouble, 
> by the host assuming that P1, P2, and P3 are assigned to link3.
It can be argued that the semantics of landmark exchange is not to imply all those prefixes are on the link - if the host did a landmark question using 'P3', then a 'yes' answer just means P3 is on the link (link3 in this case). Does that make sense? 

The negative side is that when a host is on a link with P4, P5, P6, sends a landmark question with P6 and gets a 'yes' answer, the host cannot say anything about the availability of P4 or P5. The host will have to do separate landmark questions for each of them or hope for a complete RA to be received. The choice of the landmark on the host side becomes crucial in doing DNA. Now, since G1 in the goals document is
"G1: DNA schemes should detect the identity of the currently attached link to ascertain the validity of the existing IP configuration.", if the chosen landmark-prefix corresponds to a non-local IPv6 address of the host, its validity of atleast one address can be ascertained.

Such a change in the semantics, I think, restricts the host from making assumptions about prefixes on link unless explicitly seen in RA messages continuously and hence can address the flash renumbering and early assignment problem.

What do you think?

-Sathya

> 
> Should this happen, then the host will assume that P1 is usable until 
> the last valid/preferred lifetimes it saw has expired. Since RFC 
> 2461 
> suggests a default preferred lifetime of 7 days, the host will try 
> to 
> use P1 as a source address for 7 days, even though no packets 
> returned 
> to P1 will make it back to the link to which the host is attached.
> 





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Date: Mon, 25 Jul 2005 22:56:48 -0400
From: Sathya Narayanan <sathya@research.panasonic.com>
Subject: Re: Flash renumbering (was:Re: [DNA] DNA proposal issue 19	-was[Issue
 X]LinkID v.s. LandmarkPrefix)
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To: Sathya Narayanan <sathya@research.panasonic.com>
Cc: Erik Nordmark <erik.nordmark@sun.com>, JinHyeock Choi <jinchoe@gmail.com>,
        Brett Pentland <brett.pentland@eng.monash.edu.au>,
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Please read 
"landmark question using 'P3', then a 'yes' answer just means P3 is on the link" as 
"landmark question using 'P2', then a 'yes' answer just means P2 is on the link"

since P2 is the prefix moved from Link1 to Link3.

- Sathya

----- Original Message -----
From: Sathya Narayanan <sathya@research.panasonic.com>
Date: Monday, July 25, 2005 10:50 pm
Subject: Flash renumbering (was:Re: [DNA] DNA proposal issue 19 -	was[Issue X]LinkID v.s. LandmarkPrefix)

> Erik -
> 
> I reordered the text in your email (and changed the subject line) 
> with my comments inline.
> 
> > But the problem certainly isn't specific to any particular 
> proposal, 
> > since they all rely on prefixes for link identification. And I 
> suspect 
> > that we have the same choices in terms of solutions independent 
> of which 
> > proposal we apply this to.
> FWIW, I completely agree with you on this. IMHO, the 
> synchronization complexity/issue is same/similar for all of these 
> schemes.
> > We could decide this is the administrators fault, and not do 
> anything. 
> > Or we could add a mechanism to attempt to detect this and 
> recover 
> > in less than 7 days.
> 
> Having said that, I am going to try to solve this problem using 
> the Landmark scheme. Be warned that this is me just thinking out 
> loud and you should remember how lost I get when I do that ;-)
> 
> > The worst case would be when P1 and P2 are assigned to link1, 
> and P2 is 
> > immediately reassigned to link3 (which had prefix P3 before), at 
> about 
> > the same time that the a host moves from link1 to link3.
> > 
> > In that case, any prefix based scheme for link identification 
> (CPL, landmark, linkid, or anything else we can invent) can get 
> into trouble, 
> > by the host assuming that P1, P2, and P3 are assigned to link3.
> It can be argued that the semantics of landmark exchange is not to 
> imply all those prefixes are on the link - if the host did a 
> landmark question using 'P3', then a 'yes' answer just means P3 is 
> on the link (link3 in this case). Does that make sense? 
> 
> The negative side is that when a host is on a link with P4, P5, 
> P6, sends a landmark question with P6 and gets a 'yes' answer, the 
> host cannot say anything about the availability of P4 or P5. The 
> host will have to do separate landmark questions for each of them 
> or hope for a complete RA to be received. The choice of the 
> landmark on the host side becomes crucial in doing DNA. Now, since 
> G1 in the goals document is
> "G1: DNA schemes should detect the identity of the currently 
> attached link to ascertain the validity of the existing IP 
> configuration.", if the chosen landmark-prefix corresponds to a 
> non-local IPv6 address of the host, its validity of atleast one 
> address can be ascertained.
> 
> Such a change in the semantics, I think, restricts the host from 
> making assumptions about prefixes on link unless explicitly seen 
> in RA messages continuously and hence can address the flash 
> renumbering and early assignment problem.
> 
> What do you think?
> 
> -Sathya
> 
> > 
> > Should this happen, then the host will assume that P1 is usable 
> until 
> > the last valid/preferred lifetimes it saw has expired. Since RFC 
> > 2461 
> > suggests a default preferred lifetime of 7 days, the host will 
> try 
> > to 
> > use P1 as a source address for 7 days, even though no packets 
> > returned 
> > to P1 will make it back to the link to which the host is attached.
> > 
> 
> 
> 





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Date: Tue, 26 Jul 2005 12:04:24 +0900
From: JinHyeock Choi <jinchoe@gmail.com>
Subject: Re: [DNA] [Issue X] LinkID v.s. Landmark Prefix
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Erik

> > Allow me an example.
> >
> > Assume a link with a router R and host H.
> > R advertises Prefix1.
> >
> > R1 happens to stop advertising Prefix1 and
> > start advertising a new prefix Prefix2.
> 
> But in this case, when all the prefixes are being removed and replaced
> with a completely new set of prefixes, there is little if no harm to
> incorrectly assume a link change (after all, all the addresses need to
> be reconfigured, etc).

By adding another router and a few more packet losses, we can make 
a pathological case with a problem. 

> A more realistic example is the one I included in my more recent email
> today.

We can discuss about how real such a problem is but my point is 
that linkid adopts extra techniques to survive even such an extreme 
pathologies. 

> > R announces it by sending an RA but H
> > doesn't receive it.
> >
> > Then next time H receives CompleteRA with
> > Prefix2, it will falsely assume a link change.
> 
> Actually not; if will only assume a link change if it receives a link up
> event notification between the last time it heard a RA with Prefix1 and
> the first time it heard an RA with Prefix2.

Is it so? Does that mean the hosts would not make a decision 
based on unsolicited CompleteRAs? Is it written in an I-D?

Thanks in advance for your kind consideration. 

Best Regards

JinHyeock



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Date: Mon, 25 Jul 2005 20:18:22 -0700
From: Erik Nordmark <erik.nordmark@sun.com>
Subject: Re: Flash renumbering (was:Re: [DNA] DNA proposal issue 19 - was[Issue
 X] LinkID v.s. LandmarkPrefix)
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Sathya Narayanan wrote:

> It can be argued that the semantics of landmark exchange is not to
> imply all those prefixes are on the link - if the host did a landmark
> question using 'P2', then a 'yes' answer just means P2 is on the link
> (link3 in this case). Does that make sense?

I'm not sure it helps.
If P2 was retracted from link1 either silently (e.g., a single router 
was advertising P2, and that router was moved or decommissioned as part 
of the flash renumbering), or a few RAs were sent with valid lifetime=0, 
and, due to packet loss, some routers on link1 did not hear those RAs, 
then we'd still have an inconsistent state; a landmark query for P2 
would return "yes" even though the prefix isn't assigned to link1 any 
more. This will persist for the maximum time the learned prefixes are 
retained by a router on link1 (90 minutes).

> The negative side is that when a host is on a link with P4, P5, P6,
> sends a landmark question with P6 and gets a 'yes' answer, the host
> cannot say anything about the availability of P4 or P5. The host will
> have to do separate landmark questions for each of them or hope for a
> complete RA to be received.

Based on the comment above, we would also have to forbid the routers 
from using learned prefixes as part of the DNA solution.

That sounds like fairly severe restrictions, especially given the low 
probability of
  - flash renumbering
  - immediate reassignment of the prefix to a different link, and
  - a host moving from the old link to the new link at the same time as
    the flash renumbering and reassignment

Thus I'm more favorable to an approach which tries to recover from the 
problem in a reasonable way once it has occurred, but without impacting 
the performance of the main DNA operation.

A possible way to do this is exemplified by this sequence:
  - the host sees P1 and P2 on the link
  - the host gets a link up notification; sends a RS with a landmark 
question for P2
  - receives a landmark response with P2=yes
  - later receives a periodic RA with some prefixes (P2, P3 in the example)
  - 90 minutes after the link up it observes that it has not yet heard 
any RA with a subset of the prefixes it heard before the link up (P1 in 
the example); this is suspicious. In this case it could
	- drop those prefixes; basically assume that it has moves to a link 
with (P2, P3)
	- try to reverify whether P1 is on the link by sending a RS with P1 as 
the landmark.

The last thing would not need to be performed for each prefix; only one 
prefix which was heard before the link up but has not been heard after 
the link up should be sufficient.

    Erik




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From: Erik Nordmark <erik.nordmark@sun.com>
Subject: Re: [DNA] [Issue X] LinkID v.s. Landmark Prefix
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JinHyeock Choi wrote:

> By adding another router and a few more packet losses, we can make 
> a pathological case with a problem. 

Can you provide an example?

> Is it so? Does that mean the hosts would not make a decision 
> based on unsolicited CompleteRAs? Is it written in an I-D?

I thought this was a working group trying to figure out how we'd like 
the solution to work; not some attempt to choose one out of a set of 
competing, and perhaps incomplete, internet-drafts.

    Erik



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Date: Mon, 25 Jul 2005 23:43:23 -0400
From: Sathya Narayanan <sathya@research.panasonic.com>
Subject: Re: Flash renumbering (was:Re: [DNA] DNA proposal issue 19	-
	was[IssueX]LinkID v.s. LandmarkPrefix)
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Erik Nordmark wrote:

> Sathya Narayanan wrote:
>
>> It can be argued that the semantics of landmark exchange is not to
>> imply all those prefixes are on the link - if the host did a landmark
>> question using 'P2', then a 'yes' answer just means P2 is on the link
>> (link3 in this case). Does that make sense?
>
>
> I'm not sure it helps.
> If P2 was retracted from link1 either silently (e.g., a single router
> was advertising P2, and that router was moved or decommissioned as
> part of the flash renumbering), or a few RAs were sent with valid
> lifetime=0, and, due to packet loss, some routers on link1 did not
> hear those RAs, then we'd still have an inconsistent state; a landmark
> query for P2 would return "yes" even though the prefix isn't assigned
> to link1 any more. This will persist for the maximum time the learned
> prefixes are retained by a router on link1 (90 minutes).
>
Agreed !!! But ...

>> The negative side is that when a host is on a link with P4, P5, P6,
>> sends a landmark question with P6 and gets a 'yes' answer, the host
>> cannot say anything about the availability of P4 or P5. The host will
>> have to do separate landmark questions for each of them or hope for a
>> complete RA to be received.
>
>
> Based on the comment above, we would also have to forbid the routers
> from using learned prefixes as part of the DNA solution.

... why? The problems becomes worse with wrong state for upto 7 days
only with reassignment. The above comment is only about flash
renumbering which will be corrected within 90 minutes and is not that
bad (A)

> That sounds like fairly severe restrictions, especially given the low
> probability of
>  - flash renumbering
>  - immediate reassignment of the prefix to a different link, and
>  - a host moving from the old link to the new link at the same time as
>    the flash renumbering and reassignment

Even without agreeing to the severe restriction, I agree with the
low-probability of this event and that it may not make sense to design
solution that avoids this possibility. My aim was just to start thinking
about a mechanism to address this ...

> Thus I'm more favorable to an approach which tries to recover from the
> problem in a reasonable way once it has occurred, but without
> impacting the performance of the main DNA operation.
>
> A possible way to do this is exemplified by this sequence:
>  - the host sees P1 and P2 on the link
>  - the host gets a link up notification; sends a RS with a landmark
> question for P2
>  - receives a landmark response with P2=yes
>  - later receives a periodic RA with some prefixes (P2, P3 in the
> example)
>  - 90 minutes after the link up it observes that it has not yet heard
> any RA with a subset of the prefixes it heard before the link up (P1
> in the example); this is suspicious.

By suggesting that this is suspicious, we are suggesting that the
prefix-lifetime being greater than 90 minutes is not necessarily right -
in effect putting an upper limit on the prefix-lifetime and overruling
2461. Right? Is it OK to do that?

> In this case it could
>     - drop those prefixes; basically assume that it has moves to a
> link with (P2, P3)
>     - try to reverify whether P1 is on the link by sending a RS with
> P1 as the landmark.
>
> The last thing would not need to be performed for each prefix; only
> one prefix which was heard before the link up but has not been heard
> after the link up should be sufficient.

In support of my argument above marked (A), this solution doesn't
address the flash renumbering problem - only flash renumbering with
early reassignment. But, I do agree that this simpler defensive scheme 
can handle the low-probability occurance of flash-renumbering with early
reassignment.

-Sathya



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Date: Tue, 26 Jul 2005 09:45:34 +0530
From: Syam Madanapalli <syam@samsung.com>
Subject: Re: [DNA] [Issue X] LinkID v.s. Landmark Prefix
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Erik,



> JinHyeock Choi wrote:
>
>> In linkid scheme, a prefix addition or deletion would not cause an 
>> incorrect decision, whereas there is such a possibility for Landmark/ 
>> CompleteRA. Allow me an example. Assume a link with a router R and host 
>> H. R advertises Prefix1. R1 happens to stop advertising Prefix1 and start 
>> advertising a new prefix Prefix2.
>
> But in this case, when all the prefixes are being removed and replaced 
> with a completely new set of prefixes, there is little if no harm to 
> incorrectly assume a link change (after all, all the addresses need to be 
> reconfigured, etc).
>
> A more realistic example is the one I included in my more recent email 
> today.
>
>> R announces it by sending an RA but H doesn't receive it. Then next time 
>> H receives CompleteRA with
>> Prefix2, it will falsely assume a link change.
>
> Actually not; if will only assume a link change if it receives a link up 
> event notification between the last time it heard a RA with Prefix1 and 
> the first time it heard an RA with Prefix2.

Let us assume the host is rebooting on the same link or changing its
Layer 2 access, even in this case the current linkid scheme does not
make the wrong decision of link change.

Syam

>
>    Erik
>
>> Linkid scheme deal with such a temporary flapping by adopting extra 
>> techniques such as "Linkid Prefix List" or "LEAST_VALID_LIFETIME". I 
>> don't know how Landmark/ CompleteRA can make a correct decision
>> under flapping without such an extra techniques. Thanks in advance for 
>> your kind consideration. Best Regards
>>
>> JinHyeock
>>
>
>
> 




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Date: Tue, 26 Jul 2005 13:22:11 +0900
From: JinHyeock Choi <jinchoe@gmail.com>
Subject: Re: [DNA] [Issue X] LinkID v.s. Landmark Prefix
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Erik

> > By adding another router and a few more packet losses, we can make
> > a pathological case with a problem.
> 
> Can you provide an example?

ok. I admit this is a crude one but all I can think of right now.  
(Because it's not clear to me how a host base its decision 
on CompleteRA, I switch to landmark one.) 

Assume a link with two routers R1 and R2 and a host H. 
R1 advertises Prefix1 and R2 Prefix2. 

R2 stops advertising Prefix2 and starts advertising Prefix3. 
R2 announces the prefix change by sending an RA but
both R1 and H don't receive it. 

Then H happens to change its AP in the same link 
and send an RS with landmark Prefix2. It also happens that 
R2 replies first and sends an RA with NO and Prefix3. 
H falsely assumes a link change. 

> > Is it so? Does that mean the hosts would not make a decision
> > based on unsolicited CompleteRAs? Is it written in an I-D?
> 
> I thought this was a working group trying to figure out how we'd like
> the solution to work; not some attempt to choose one out of a set of
> competing, and perhaps incomplete, internet-drafts.

ok. 

>> Then next time H receives CompleteRA with
>> Prefix2, it will falsely assume a link change.
>
> Actually not; if will only assume a link change if it receives a link up
> event notification between the last time it heard a RA with Prefix1 and
> the first time it heard an RA with Prefix2.

The above is not clear to me yet. Allow me a question to help 
my understanding.  

Assume a host moves to a different link but fails to receive a 
Link Up event Notification. Then the host will not assume a link 
change even if it receives a different unsolicted CompleteRA? 
 
Thanks in advance for your kind consideration. 

Best Regards

JinHyeock



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Date: Tue, 26 Jul 2005 09:56:37 +0530
From: Syam Madanapalli <syam@samsung.com>
Subject: Re: [DNA] [Issue X] LinkID v.s. Landmark Prefix
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Hi Brett,


> Hi Syam,
>
> Syam Madanapalli wrote:
>> Hi Brett,
>>
>> [cut]
>>
>>>>
>>>> These are my line of thoughts. We can't avoid a temporary flapping for 
>>>> the related set, the set of
>>>> all prefixes
>>>> on a link. In linkid scheme, one item (linkid prefix) of the set 
>>>> matters for DNA
>>>> performance.
>>>> So we designed a few special schemes for the linkid prefix so that
>>>> linkid prefix(es)
>>>> won't give incorrect information about a link change, even under
>>>> temporary flapping.
>>>>
>>>> But for Complete RA or Landmark, IMO, we need to adopt similar schemes 
>>>> such as "Linkid Prefix List" or "Old linkid advertising rule" to all
>>>> prefixes because we
>>>> don't know which prefix will affect DNA decision.
>>>
>>>
>>> For Landmarks:
>>>
>>>    If a prefix is removed, the host will receive a "NO" answer, which
>>>    also include prefixes that are on the link and have been seen by the
>>>    host before so it can see there is no link change and yet will also
>>>    know that the prefix it was using as a landmark is no longer valid.
>>>    (I think we need text to clear that up)
>>
>>
>> A host may get 'YES' answer from a Router (R2) before the 'NO' answer
>> from Router (R1) because the deletion of the prefix (P1) at R1 might not 
>> have
>> propagated to R2 at the time of answering the landmar query for P1.
>
> Yes, and as far as DNA goes that is the correct answer in that there is
> no link change.

What if you get answer 'NO' first?
Will you check with the prefixes received in the RA?
This looks better compared just depending on the
Landmark answer. Otherwise host makes wrong decision.

[cut]

>>
>> As we are not anyway interested in building the complete prefix list,
>> why cannot we just depend on CPL to build. I did not remember
>> the waiting time for building the CPL, but I am sure it will be in few
>> seconds. When a host sends RS with Landmark question, and answer
>> is 'NO' a host can buid the CPL (almost) from the resulting RAs which
>> is sufficient to detect the link change at the new link even if the node
>> moves within few seconds.
>
> Just relying on CPL instead of CompleteRA is a possibility.  Depends if
> folks are willing to have a window of 12 seconds (?) after each link
> change where another link change will not be able to be detect rapidly.
> When we wrote the proposal, we felt that we needed something more.

I think 12 seconds is very small considering mobility  :)

>
>>>
>>> LinkID has a much more complex technique for managing prefix change
>>> involving advertising prefixes for some length of time with short
>>> lifetimes before advertising them with zero lifetimes in order to
>>> avoid confusion.  I don't think this is needed for Landmark/CompleteRA.
>>
>>
>> If we need to have the similar confidence in determining the link change 
>> with
>> graceful prefix addition/deletion, we need similar techniques for all of 
>> the
>> prefixes on the link incase of Landmark/CompleteRA.
>
> I think I've shown that those additional techniques are not needed for
> Landmark/CompleteRA.  It may be that they are not needed for LinkID
> either.  I think the LinkID proposal would need to be modified to allow
> hosts to use the other prefixes in the RA for link identification, not
> just those marked as LinkIDs.

Linkid does allows the checking for the other prefixes in RA, but it checks
with only the linkid list that host maintains.

>
> Brett.
>
> 




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Date: Tue, 26 Jul 2005 13:53:01 +0900
From: JinHyeock Choi <jinchoe@gmail.com>
Subject: Re: [DNA] [Issue X] LinkID v.s. Landmark Prefix
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Erik

> Just to make it sure we are all talking about the same thing, by
> "flapping" I assume we mean the following:
> 
> When the set of prefixes on a link changes, e.g., a prefix is being
> added or a prefix is being removed, there is the possibility that a host
> see more than one change (see things flapping back and forth) until the
> routers have been synchronized.
> For instance, if the prefix set is {P1, P2} and P3 is added, one would
> ideally have the host see {P1, P2} and then see {P1, P2, P3}, but when
> RAs come from different routers, there might be a small window when the
> host sees RAs vary in a sequence like {P1, P2}, {P1, P2, P3}, {P1, P2},
> {P1, P2, P3}. This is due to the third RA (with {P1, P2}) coming from a
> router which hadn't seen P3 yet.
> 
> If there is no packet loss, the window during which this can happen is
> very small (basically the propagation delay of the RA which carries the
> new prefix from one router to another). With packet loss, the worst case
> window is the time it takes to successfully retransmit the RA so that
> the other routers see it.

I use flapping in more general case as below. 

When the set of prefixes on a link changes, 
there is the possibility of temporary lack of synchronization, i.e. 
the nodes on the link (such as routers and hosts) 
may have different set of prefixes (on the link) for the time being.  

For example, if the prefix set is {P1, P2} and P3 is added, one would
ideally have all the nodes on the link have the prefix set {P1, P2, P3} 
instantly. But due to packet loss, it is possible that one router has the
prefix set {P1, P2} and the other router has {P1, P2, P3} for some time.

If hosts check for link change with prefix information, such a lack of 
(temporary) synchronization may cause a false link identity detection. 

> Yes, but linkid still has flapping issues; you just have a technique to
> avoid this resulting in an incorrect result. (In the case of linkid the
> flapping effects the linkID which each routers picks. Thus if P3 was the
> numerically smallest prefix then the flapping in the prefix set would
> result in flapping in the linkID prefix the host sees.) Handling this
> requires some additional logic in linkID.

Exactly. I found it extremely difficult to abolishing flapping completely. 
So I took the approach to make hosts to make the right decision under
mild flapping. 

> > But for Complete RA or Landmark, IMO, we need to adopt similar schemes such
> > as "Linkid Prefix List" or "Old linkid advertising rule" to all
> > prefixes because we
> > don't know which prefix will affect DNA decision.
> 
> I don't think so. CompleteRA is basically the same as CPL in this
> respect, in that the prefix sets are compared to see whether they are
> disjoint. In the above example, there is overlap between {P1, P2} and
> {P1, P2, P3} hence the host would correctly conclude that it didn't move.
> 
> Landmark is basically an optimization of completeRA, with a fallback to
> completeRA/CPL prefix comparisons when there was no landmark response,
> or no DNA capable router, respectively. Thus the completeRA/CPL
> observation holds. This even takes care of the case when a host picks up
> {P1, P2, P3}, selects P3 as its landmark, gets a new link up
> notification, sends a RS, and get a response with "landmark P3 = NO,
> PIO={P1, P2}, from a router which hasn't yet seen P3, since the host
> would compare the prefix sets in that case as well. (I'm not sure that
> is in the I-D, but I think it needs to be in the I-D to handle the
> analogous case of moving to a link with no DNA routers.)

ok. Allow me to clarify this

In Landmark/ CompleteRA, 
when a host receives a solicited RA, 
the host check for link change with both 
1) Landmark option with YES/NO bit and
2) prefixes in the RA. 

If the (solicited) RA carries 1) NO answer and 2) a known prefix, 
the host would not assume a link change. 
(So in effect, "known prefix" would overrule "NO".)

Is this right? 

> > If all routers agree on the selection algorithm, it's almost automatical
> > to select the prefix among the set of prefixes. That's why I chose the
> > simplest selection scheme, picking the smallest prefix.
> 
> Sure. But my point is that a router needs to be prepared to receive a RA
> where some other router, due to not having seen an RA, or being broken,
> is claiming that some other prefix is the linkID. That's some added
> complexity.

Routers don't pay attention what other routers advertise as a linkid. 
They generate the complete prefix set and pick the linkid prefix for 
themselves. You recommended this approach. 

> > I thought it simpler to make routers agree on the same selection
> > scheme but would like to hear your scheme when developed.
> 
> I think it would be isomorphic to linkid; just a different way of
> thinking about the problem. (BTW: "simple" and "distributed agreement"
> don't belong together in the same sentence. :-)

ok and agree. :-)

Best Regards

JinHyeock



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From: Brett Pentland <brett.pentland@eng.monash.edu.au>
Subject: Re: [DNA] [Issue X] LinkID v.s. Landmark Prefix
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Hi JinHyeock,

>>>By adding another router and a few more packet losses, we can make
>>>a pathological case with a problem.
>>
>>Can you provide an example?
> 
> 
> ok. I admit this is a crude one but all I can think of right now.  
> (Because it's not clear to me how a host base its decision 
> on CompleteRA, I switch to landmark one.) 
> 
> Assume a link with two routers R1 and R2 and a host H. 
> R1 advertises Prefix1 and R2 Prefix2. 
> 
> R2 stops advertising Prefix2 and starts advertising Prefix3. 
> R2 announces the prefix change by sending an RA but
> both R1 and H don't receive it. 
> 
> Then H happens to change its AP in the same link 
> and send an RS with landmark Prefix2. It also happens that 
> R2 replies first and sends an RA with NO and Prefix3. 
> H falsely assumes a link change.  

I think you might have found one :)  Actually, there was some
discussion recently on whether a NO answer should only include
explcitly configured PIOs or should include a DNA option as well.
You may have found a good reason to include the DNA option.

In this case the DNAO in the NO answer would include P1 which would
allow the host to correctly recognise that there has been no change.

>>>Then next time H receives CompleteRA with
>>>Prefix2, it will falsely assume a link change.
>>
>>Actually not; if will only assume a link change if it receives a link up
>>event notification between the last time it heard a RA with Prefix1 and
>>the first time it heard an RA with Prefix2.
> 
> 
> The above is not clear to me yet. Allow me a question to help 
> my understanding.  
> 
> Assume a host moves to a different link but fails to receive a 
> Link Up event Notification. Then the host will not assume a link 
> change even if it receives a different unsolicted CompleteRA? 

As written, I don't think the draft ties the decision making to a link
layer indication.  In the instance you brought up an incorrect decision
would be made.  However, this is the pathological case I mentioned the
other day and the fix is the same as for LinkID.  That is, to require
the router to advertise both prefixes (or in fact just some overlap in
the sets of prefixes) for some period of time.  There is nothing
fundamental about LinkID that lets it cope with this situation.  It's
just that the LinkID draft has a bit of text that says not to do that.

Brett.



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From: JinHyeock Choi <jinchoe@gmail.com>
Subject: Re: [DNA] [Issue X] LinkID v.s. Landmark Prefix
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Dear Brett

Thanks for your summary. I assume Landmark/ CompleteRA will follow
the memo.  

> For Landmarks:
> 
>    If a prefix is removed, the host will receive a "NO" answer, which
>    also include prefixes that are on the link and have been seen by the
>    host before so it can see there is no link change and yet will also
>    know that the prefix it was using as a landmark is no longer valid.
>    (I think we need text to clear that up)

So in this case, the known prefix in the RA overrules "NO" answer. 
Right? 

> For CompleteRA (which is proposed as a fallback for when it is not
> possible to use landmarks):
> 
>    By its nature it creates overlap between the sets of RAs advertised
>    by the routers on a link.  It doesn't matter whether the sets
>    agree completely or not, as long as there's overlap (because link-
>    change is detected by receiving a RA with a set disjoint from the
>    set of prefixes the host has seen on the link).  The pathological
>    case that we may need to take action to avoid is where a router
>    that is currently configured with all of the prefixes in use on a
>    link, suddenly has all of them removed and replaced with a new
>    disjoint set.  We need to add some text to say not to do that.

So I understand you try to assure that there always a overlapping 
prefix among CompleteRAs even under prefix change. Right?  

I admit that I don't look over Landmark/CompleteRA 01-draft but the 
above seems a little different from what I remember. I think it would
help to write those down lest there should be unnecessary confusion. 

Best Regards

JinHyeock



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Date: Tue, 26 Jul 2005 07:31:02 +0200
From: "Tero Kauppinen (JO/LMF)" <tero.kauppinen@ericsson.com>
Subject: RE: [DNA] [Issue X] LinkID v.s. Landmark Prefix
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> Assume a link with two routers R1 and R2 and a host H.
> R1 advertises Prefix1 and R2 Prefix2.
> 
> R2 stops advertising Prefix2 and starts advertising Prefix3.
> R2 announces the prefix change by sending an RA but
> both R1 and H don't receive it.
> 
> Then H happens to change its AP in the same link
> and send an RS with landmark Prefix2. It also happens that
> R2 replies first and sends an RA with NO and Prefix3.
> H falsely assumes a link change.

But isn't it actually so that in this case the host shouldn't use an
address based on Prefix2 and thus reconfiguration is required (i.e. link
change from host H point of view)? After all, Prefix2 is not anymore
valid.

Tero




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Date: Tue, 26 Jul 2005 07:33:35 +0200
From: "Tero Kauppinen (JO/LMF)" <tero.kauppinen@ericsson.com>
Subject: RE: Flash renumbering (was:Re: [DNA] DNA proposal issue 19 - was[Issue
 X] LinkID v.s. LandmarkPrefix)
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Resending...

For some reason I didn't see this on the list.

> But the problem certainly isn't specific to any particular proposal, 
> since they all rely on prefixes for link identification. And I suspect

> that we have the same choices in terms of solutions independent of 
> which proposal we apply this to.
> 
>     Erik

Erik is absolutely right. I now remember faintly discussing this matter
with Jari and Pekka a long time ago. I think we were wondering and
playing with the idea that maybe the DNA process should consider using
hints from different entities (e.g. TCP timeout, MobileIPv6) in addition
to the link layer. The problem, I guess, in such an approach would be
how to prevent the solution from not being too vague or abstract.

Tero

--
Tero 




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Date: Tue, 26 Jul 2005 14:37:02 +0900
From: JinHyeock Choi <jinchoe@gmail.com>
Subject: Re: [DNA] [Issue X] LinkID v.s. Landmark Prefix
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Brett

> I think you might have found one :)  

Thanks for your kind words. :-)

> Actually, there was some
> discussion recently on whether a NO answer should only include
> explcitly configured PIOs or should include a DNA option as well.
> You may have found a good reason to include the DNA option.
> 
> In this case the DNAO in the NO answer would include P1 which would
> allow the host to correctly recognise that there has been no change.

ok. Then NO answer would include PIOs and a DNA option. Right? 
Then the RA is a CompleteRA, isn't it? 

> > The above is not clear to me yet. Allow me a question to help
> > my understanding.
> >
> > Assume a host moves to a different link but fails to receive a
> > Link Up event Notification. Then the host will not assume a link
> > change even if it receives a different unsolicted CompleteRA?
> 
> As written, I don't think the draft ties the decision making to a link
> layer indication.  In the instance you brought up an incorrect decision
> would be made.  

ok. But I am still confused. Kindly clarify in which way hosts
would make a decision.  

Best Regards

JinHyeock



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Date: Tue, 26 Jul 2005 11:03:16 +0530
From: Ranjitsinh Wable <wable@samsung.com>
Subject: Re: [DNA] [Issue X] LinkID v.s. Landmark Prefix
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Hi Brett,

----- Original Message ----- 
From: "Brett Pentland" <brett.pentland@eng.monash.edu.au>
To: "JinHyeock Choi" <jinchoe@gmail.com>
Cc: "Erik Nordmark" <erik.nordmark@sun.com>; "Syam Madanapalli" 
<syam@samsung.com>; <greg.daley@eng.monash.edu.au>; "James Kempf" 
<Kempf@docomolabs-usa.com>; "Dna" <dna@eng.monash.edu.au>
Sent: Tuesday, July 26, 2005 10:26 AM
Subject: Re: [DNA] [Issue X] LinkID v.s. Landmark Prefix


> Hi JinHyeock,
>
>>>>By adding another router and a few more packet losses, we can make
>>>>a pathological case with a problem.
>>>
>>>Can you provide an example?
>>
>>
>> ok. I admit this is a crude one but all I can think of right now. 
>> (Because it's not clear to me how a host base its decision on CompleteRA, 
>> I switch to landmark one.) Assume a link with two routers R1 and R2 and a 
>> host H. R1 advertises Prefix1 and R2 Prefix2. R2 stops advertising 
>> Prefix2 and starts advertising Prefix3. R2 announces the prefix change by 
>> sending an RA but
>> both R1 and H don't receive it. Then H happens to change its AP in the 
>> same link and send an RS with landmark Prefix2. It also happens that R2 
>> replies first and sends an RA with NO and Prefix3. H falsely assumes a 
>> link change.
>
> I think you might have found one :)  Actually, there was some
> discussion recently on whether a NO answer should only include
> explcitly configured PIOs or should include a DNA option as well.
> You may have found a good reason to include the DNA option.
>
> In this case the DNAO in the NO answer would include P1 which would
> allow the host to correctly recognise that there has been no change.
>
So you mean to say that all the answers to the landmark questions will
have complete RA? Also how the P1 will help Host to decide that the
link is not changed? Host may not keep the list of all the prefixes on link,
which inturn makes it CPL.

>>>>Then next time H receives CompleteRA with
>>>>Prefix2, it will falsely assume a link change.
>>>
>>>Actually not; if will only assume a link change if it receives a link up
>>>event notification between the last time it heard a RA with Prefix1 and
>>>the first time it heard an RA with Prefix2.
>>
>>
>> The above is not clear to me yet. Allow me a question to help my 
>> understanding.  Assume a host moves to a different link but fails to 
>> receive a Link Up event Notification. Then the host will not assume a 
>> link change even if it receives a different unsolicted CompleteRA?
>
> As written, I don't think the draft ties the decision making to a link
> layer indication.  In the instance you brought up an incorrect decision
> would be made.  However, this is the pathological case I mentioned the
> other day and the fix is the same as for LinkID.  That is, to require
> the router to advertise both prefixes (or in fact just some overlap in
> the sets of prefixes) for some period of time.  There is nothing
> fundamental about LinkID that lets it cope with this situation.  It's
> just that the LinkID draft has a bit of text that says not to do that.
>
If the decision in not made on the unsolicited CompleteRA and the
Link up indication is not the link to trigger the Landmark check.
Then what is must condition to achieve it. When you will trigger
the Landmark question? I think either both the cases has to be
there or it should just work with the link up indication.


Regards,

Wable R. U.

> Brett.
>
> 




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Date: Tue, 26 Jul 2005 14:50:25 +0900
From: JinHyeock Choi <jinchoe@gmail.com>
Subject: Re: [DNA] [Issue X] LinkID v.s. Landmark Prefix
In-reply-to: 
 <F08E178900F39344AC894077E6AF74D1109D84@esealmw114.eemea.ericsson.se>
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Cc: Erik Nordmark <erik.nordmark@sun.com>, Syam Madanapalli <syam@samsung.com>,
        Brett Pentland <brett.pentland@eng.monash.edu.au>,
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Dear Tero

> > Assume a link with two routers R1 and R2 and a host H.
> > R1 advertises Prefix1 and R2 Prefix2.
> >
> > R2 stops advertising Prefix2 and starts advertising Prefix3.
> > R2 announces the prefix change by sending an RA but
> > both R1 and H don't receive it.
> >
> > Then H happens to change its AP in the same link
> > and send an RS with landmark Prefix2. It also happens that
> > R2 replies first and sends an RA with NO and Prefix3.
> > H falsely assumes a link change.
> 
> But isn't it actually so that in this case the host shouldn't use an
> address based on Prefix2 and thus reconfiguration is required (i.e. link
> change from host H point of view)? After all, Prefix2 is not anymore
> valid.

Host may also have an address with Prefix1. While the address with
Prefix1 is valid, the host will throw it away because it thinks it is at 
a different link. 

Best Regards

JinHyeock



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From: Brett Pentland <brett.pentland@eng.monash.edu.au>
Subject: Re: [DNA] [Issue X] LinkID v.s. Landmark Prefix
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Hi Syam,

>>>>> These are my line of thoughts. We can't avoid a temporary flapping 
>>>>> for the related set, the set of
>>>>> all prefixes
>>>>> on a link. In linkid scheme, one item (linkid prefix) of the set 
>>>>> matters for DNA
>>>>> performance.
>>>>> So we designed a few special schemes for the linkid prefix so that
>>>>> linkid prefix(es)
>>>>> won't give incorrect information about a link change, even under
>>>>> temporary flapping.
>>>>>
>>>>> But for Complete RA or Landmark, IMO, we need to adopt similar 
>>>>> schemes such as "Linkid Prefix List" or "Old linkid advertising 
>>>>> rule" to all
>>>>> prefixes because we
>>>>> don't know which prefix will affect DNA decision.
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>> For Landmarks:
>>>>
>>>>    If a prefix is removed, the host will receive a "NO" answer, which
>>>>    also include prefixes that are on the link and have been seen by the
>>>>    host before so it can see there is no link change and yet will also
>>>>    know that the prefix it was using as a landmark is no longer valid.
>>>>    (I think we need text to clear that up)
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>> A host may get 'YES' answer from a Router (R2) before the 'NO' answer
>>> from Router (R1) because the deletion of the prefix (P1) at R1 might 
>>> not have
>>> propagated to R2 at the time of answering the landmar query for P1.
>>
>>
>> Yes, and as far as DNA goes that is the correct answer in that there is
>> no link change.
> 
> 
> What if you get answer 'NO' first?
> Will you check with the prefixes received in the RA?
> This looks better compared just depending on the
> Landmark answer. Otherwise host makes wrong decision.
> 
> [cut]

This question is one of the open issues (9).  My personal opinion is
that yes, the host should check the prefixes and if it sees overlap with
the prefixes it has already seen on the link, should decide that link
change has not taken place.

Brett.



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Date: Tue, 26 Jul 2005 15:04:19 +0900
From: JinHyeock Choi <jinchoe@gmail.com>
Subject: Re: [DNA] [Issue X] LinkID v.s. Landmark Prefix
In-reply-to: 
 <F08E178900F39344AC894077E6AF74D1109D84@esealmw114.eemea.ericsson.se>
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        Brett Pentland <brett.pentland@eng.monash.edu.au>,
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Dear Tero

> I have been dead silence for quite a long time now. I haven't been able
> to follow the WG progress and I feel somewhat lost. I spent a couple of
> days last week trying to catch up with the work ... ~200 unread mails
> and new drafts. Oh, dear...

I contributed some for that. Sorry. I ask your kind understanding. :-)

> > How do you think of FRD? We got a pretty nice result. :-)
> 
> I see it has potential. At a glance one concern which emerged to me was
> possible security issues. Unfortunately I'm not much of a security
> expert, and have some difficulties further analyzing the proposal from
> that perspective.

ok. 

> > Maybe that's the way I'd better follow and FRD would better to be
> > content with informational RFC as a kind of auxiliary solution.
> 
> I'm sort of newbie when it comes to the IETF but I would assume that
> some IETF people would have allergic reactions (much like I have with
> politics) on solutions that have operator "connections" (couldn't find
> any better English word right now). Taking that into account, I would
> guess that the road of an informational RFC would be a bit less bumpy.

ok. 
 
Nowadays I barely keep myself afloat dealing with the volume of mailing 
list. (Am I already drowning?) To me, trying to process mailings feels like 
trying to swallow water directly out of high-pressure fire hose. :-) 

See you soon in Paris, La Ville Luminaire, and let's have some fun together. 

Best Regards

JinHyeock



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From: Brett Pentland <brett.pentland@eng.monash.edu.au>
Subject: Re: [DNA] [Issue X] LinkID v.s. Landmark Prefix
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JinHyeock Choi wrote:
> Dear Brett
> 
> Thanks for your summary. I assume Landmark/ CompleteRA will follow
> the memo.  
> 
> 
>>For Landmarks:
>>
>>   If a prefix is removed, the host will receive a "NO" answer, which
>>   also include prefixes that are on the link and have been seen by the
>>   host before so it can see there is no link change and yet will also
>>   know that the prefix it was using as a landmark is no longer valid.
>>   (I think we need text to clear that up)
> 
> 
> So in this case, the known prefix in the RA overrules "NO" answer. 
> Right? 

See my answer to Syam.

>>For CompleteRA (which is proposed as a fallback for when it is not
>>possible to use landmarks):
>>
>>   By its nature it creates overlap between the sets of RAs advertised
>>   by the routers on a link.  It doesn't matter whether the sets
>>   agree completely or not, as long as there's overlap (because link-
>>   change is detected by receiving a RA with a set disjoint from the
>>   set of prefixes the host has seen on the link).  The pathological
>>   case that we may need to take action to avoid is where a router
>>   that is currently configured with all of the prefixes in use on a
>>   link, suddenly has all of them removed and replaced with a new
>>   disjoint set.  We need to add some text to say not to do that.
> 
> 
> So I understand you try to assure that there always a overlapping 
> prefix among CompleteRAs even under prefix change. Right?  

Yes.

> I admit that I don't look over Landmark/CompleteRA 01-draft but the 
> above seems a little different from what I remember. I think it would
> help to write those down lest there should be unnecessary confusion. 

OK.

Brett.



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Date: Tue, 26 Jul 2005 11:50:12 +0530
From: Syam Madanapalli <smadanapalli@gmail.com>
Subject: Re: [DNA] [Issue X] LinkID v.s. Landmark Prefix
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        Erik Nordmark <erik.nordmark@sun.com>, greg.daley@eng.monash.edu.au,
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Hi Brett,

[cut]

> >
> >
> > What if you get answer 'NO' first?
> > Will you check with the prefixes received in the RA?
> > This looks better compared just depending on the
> > Landmark answer. Otherwise host makes wrong decision.
> >
> > [cut]
> 
> This question is one of the open issues (9).  My personal opinion is
> that yes, the host should check the prefixes and if it sees overlap with
> the prefixes it has already seen on the link, should decide that link
> change has not taken place.

I think it is definitely a good idea to check the prefixes in the RA
in case of NO answer.

-Syam


> 
> Brett.
>



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Date: Tue, 26 Jul 2005 12:57:37 +0200
From: "Tero Kauppinen (JO/LMF)" <tero.kauppinen@ericsson.com>
Subject: RE: [DNA] [Issue X] LinkID v.s. Landmark Prefix
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I'm starting to get so confused in the middle of this LinkID v.s.
Landmark Prefix discussion that I'm afraid that I'm loosing my grasp
even with the basics.

I started wondering what will actually happen in the following scenario:


Let there be two routers, 'A' and 'B' and some access points. 'A'
advertises prefixes 1 and 2 whereas 'B' advertises prefix 3. After
connecting to an AP host, 'N', sends an RS and gets an RA (from 'A'),
and finally configures an address (basing on prefix 2). In the case of
LinkID 'N' gets the current link-id prefix from the RA, and in the case
of Landmark Prefix 'N' chooses a landmark prefix. Let's assume that
prefix 1 is both the smallest prefix and the prefix 'N' chooses to be
the landmark prefix. 

If we then say that 'A' stops advertising prefix 2 and zero-lifetime
messages disappear, what will be the outcome? I mean, 'N' could attach
to another AP, send an RA and learn that it's still in the same network.
However, even though 'N' still in the same network, the address 'N' is
using (prefix 2 based) is not valid anymore.

As I said, I'm so confused that I can't even be sure if this has already
been discussed on the list.

--
Tero 




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Date: Tue, 26 Jul 2005 17:36:13 +0530
From: Subba Reddy <subbareddy@samsung.com>
Subject: Re: [DNA] [Issue X] LinkID v.s. Landmark Prefix
Sender: owner-dna@ecselists.eng.monash.edu.au
To: "Tero Kauppinen (JO/LMF)" <tero.kauppinen@ericsson.com>,
        JinHyeock Choi <jinchoe@gmail.com>,
        Erik Nordmark <erik.nordmark@sun.com>
Cc: Syam Madanapalli <syam@samsung.com>,
        Brett Pentland <brett.pentland@eng.monash.edu.au>,
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Hi Tero,


>
> > Assume a link with two routers R1 and R2 and a host H.
> > R1 advertises Prefix1 and R2 Prefix2.
> >
> > R2 stops advertising Prefix2 and starts advertising Prefix3.
> > R2 announces the prefix change by sending an RA but
> > both R1 and H don't receive it.
> >
> > Then H happens to change its AP in the same link
> > and send an RS with landmark Prefix2. It also happens that
> > R2 replies first and sends an RA with NO and Prefix3.
> > H falsely assumes a link change.
>
> But isn't it actually so that in this case the host shouldn't use an
> address based on Prefix2 and thus reconfiguration is required (i.e. link
> change from host H point of view)? After all, Prefix2 is not anymore
> valid.

I think, host can not assume link change, if one of the prefixes is invalid.
In the case of link change, host deletes all its addresses, prefix table and
NC entries,
which is not the exact case if prefix changes.

In the above example, entries with Prefix1 are still valid.

Thanks & Regards,
Subba Reddy


>
> Tero
>
>
>




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Date: Tue, 26 Jul 2005 14:28:00 +0200
From: "Tero Kauppinen (JO/LMF)" <tero.kauppinen@ericsson.com>
Subject: RE: [DNA] [Issue X] LinkID v.s. Landmark Prefix
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Hello Subba,

> > > Assume a link with two routers R1 and R2 and a host H.
> > > R1 advertises Prefix1 and R2 Prefix2.
> > >
> > > R2 stops advertising Prefix2 and starts advertising Prefix3.
> > > R2 announces the prefix change by sending an RA but
> > > both R1 and H don't receive it.
> > >
> > > Then H happens to change its AP in the same link
> > > and send an RS with landmark Prefix2. It also happens that
> > > R2 replies first and sends an RA with NO and Prefix3.
> > > H falsely assumes a link change.
> >
> > But isn't it actually so that in this case the host shouldn't use an
> > address based on Prefix2 and thus reconfiguration is required (i.e.
link
> > change from host H point of view)? After all, Prefix2 is not anymore
> > valid.
> 
> I think, host can not assume link change, if one of the prefixes is
> invalid.
> In the case of link change, host deletes all its addresses, prefix
table
> and
> NC entries,
> which is not the exact case if prefix changes.
> 
> In the above example, entries with Prefix1 are still valid.

True. Still, as in the mail I sent earlier, I started wondering how the
node knows to "switch" to use an address based on Prefix1?

/Tero




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Date: Tue, 26 Jul 2005 18:06:35 +0530
From: Syam Madanapalli <smadanapalli@gmail.com>
Subject: Re: [DNA] [Issue X] LinkID v.s. Landmark Prefix
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Hi Tero,

> I'm starting to get so confused in the middle of this LinkID v.s.
> Landmark Prefix discussion that I'm afraid that I'm loosing my grasp
> even with the basics.
> 
> I started wondering what will actually happen in the following scenario:
> 
> 
> Let there be two routers, 'A' and 'B' and some access points. 'A'
> advertises prefixes 1 and 2 whereas 'B' advertises prefix 3. After
> connecting to an AP host, 'N', sends an RS and gets an RA (from 'A'),
> and finally configures an address (basing on prefix 2). In the case of
> LinkID 'N' gets the current link-id prefix from the RA, and in the case
> of Landmark Prefix 'N' chooses a landmark prefix. Let's assume that
> prefix 1 is both the smallest prefix and the prefix 'N' chooses to be
> the landmark prefix.
> 
> If we then say that 'A' stops advertising prefix 2 and zero-lifetime
> messages disappear, what will be the outcome? I mean, 'N' could attach
> to another AP, send an RA and learn that it's still in the same network.

Either Landmark or Linkid approaches detect that there is no link
change. I think, as far DNA is concerned the job is done. 

> However, even though 'N' still in the same network, the address 'N' is
> using (prefix 2 based) is not valid anymore.

This is the host problem and is same problem if the router suddenly
stops advertising prefix 2. I looked into 2462bis and found the following 
text: 

5.5.3  Router Advertisement Processing

---

d) If the prefix advertised is not equal to the prefix of an address
      configured by stateless autoconfiguration already in the list of
      addresses associated with the interface (where "equal" means the
      two prefix lengths are the same and the first prefix-length bits
      of the prefixes are identical), and the Valid Lifetime is not 0,
      form an address (and add it to the list) by combining the
      advertised prefix with the link's interface identifier

If the node did not configure the address based on prefix 1 then
it should either wait till the prefix 2 life time expiry or if the router 
does not support forwarding for the prefix 2, an intelligent host can
configure new address using prefix 1 based on packet loss. I am
not sure about choosing new address based on packet loss.


> 
> As I said, I'm so confused that I can't even be sure if this has already
> been discussed on the list.
> 
> --
> Tero
> 
>



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Date: Tue, 26 Jul 2005 18:12:22 +0530
From: Subba Reddy <subbareddy@samsung.com>
Subject: Re: [DNA] [Issue X] LinkID v.s. Landmark Prefix
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Hi Tero,

<cut>

> > > But isn't it actually so that in this case the host shouldn't use an
> > > address based on Prefix2 and thus reconfiguration is required (i.e.
> link
> > > change from host H point of view)? After all, Prefix2 is not anymore
> > > valid.
> > 
> > I think, host can not assume link change, if one of the prefixes is
> > invalid.
> > In the case of link change, host deletes all its addresses, prefix
> table
> > and
> > NC entries,
> > which is not the exact case if prefix changes.
> > 
> > In the above example, entries with Prefix1 are still valid.
> 
> True. Still, as in the mail I sent earlier, I started wondering how the
> node knows to "switch" to use an address based on Prefix1?

I think, after some time, H may get RA with Prefix2 lifetimes
set to 0 from R2. 

> 
> /Tero
> 
> 
> 



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Date: Tue, 26 Jul 2005 14:45:50 +0200
From: "Tero Kauppinen (JO/LMF)" <tero.kauppinen@ericsson.com>
Subject: RE: [DNA] [Issue X] LinkID v.s. Landmark Prefix
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> This is the host problem and is same problem if the router suddenly
> stops advertising prefix 2. I looked into 2462bis and found the
following
> text:
> 
> 5.5.3  Router Advertisement Processing
> 
> ---
> 
> d) If the prefix advertised is not equal to the prefix of an address
>       configured by stateless autoconfiguration already in the list of
>       addresses associated with the interface (where "equal" means the
>       two prefix lengths are the same and the first prefix-length bits
>       of the prefixes are identical), and the Valid Lifetime is not 0,
>       form an address (and add it to the list) by combining the
>       advertised prefix with the link's interface identifier
> 
> If the node did not configure the address based on prefix 1 then
> it should either wait till the prefix 2 life time expiry or if the
router
> does not support forwarding for the prefix 2, an intelligent host can
> configure new address using prefix 1 based on packet loss. I am
> not sure about choosing new address based on packet loss.

True. In the middle of this confusion I didn't think that the node could
indeed configure itself multiple addresses. It's then up to the source
address selection logic to decide which one to use.
 
Thanks,
Tero



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Date: Tue, 26 Jul 2005 05:55:49 -0700
From: Erik Nordmark <erik.nordmark@sun.com>
Subject: Re: [DNA] [Issue X] LinkID v.s. Landmark Prefix
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JinHyeock Choi wrote:

> I use flapping in more general case as below. 
> 
> When the set of prefixes on a link changes, 
> there is the possibility of temporary lack of synchronization, i.e. 
> the nodes on the link (such as routers and hosts) 
> may have different set of prefixes (on the link) for the time being.  
> 
> For example, if the prefix set is {P1, P2} and P3 is added, one would
> ideally have all the nodes on the link have the prefix set {P1, P2, P3} 
> instantly. But due to packet loss, it is possible that one router has the
> prefix set {P1, P2} and the other router has {P1, P2, P3} for some time.

It isn't only packet loss that is the problem; in a distributed system 
the notion of "at the same time" isn't a useful concept. We've talked 
about this in the DT and I referred to the Lamport paper which I think 
is titled "time, clocks, and the ordering of events in a distributed 
system".

So we shouldn't require that DNA solve a known unsolvable problem :-)

Hence I postulated "flapping" as being the more specific case when a 
single host, instead of seeing a "clean" switch from one prefix set to 
another, sees the set of prefixes flap back and forth before settling 
down on the new set. Such flapping is unavoidable for the cases we are 
interested in (an unknown and changeable set of routers on the link, and 
a changeable set of prefixes being advertised.)

I think it is important that the DNA solution cope gracefully with such 
flapping.

> If hosts check for link change with prefix information, such a lack of 
> (temporary) synchronization may cause a false link identity detection. 

 From my understanding of CPL, completeRA, landmark, and linkID, none of 
them have this problem. So which solutions do you refer to with your "may"?


> ok. Allow me to clarify this
> 
> In Landmark/ CompleteRA, 
> when a host receives a solicited RA, 
> the host check for link change with both 
> 1) Landmark option with YES/NO bit and
> 2) prefixes in the RA. 
> 
> If the (solicited) RA carries 1) NO answer and 2) a known prefix, 
> the host would not assume a link change. 
> (So in effect, "known prefix" would overrule "NO".)
> 
> Is this right? 

I think that makes sense.

> Routers don't pay attention what other routers advertise as a linkid. 
> They generate the complete prefix set and pick the linkid prefix for 
> themselves. You recommended this approach. 

Blush :-)

    Erik




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Date: Tue, 26 Jul 2005 06:31:22 -0700
From: Erik Nordmark <erik.nordmark@sun.com>
Subject: [DNA] Re: Flash renumbering
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Sathya Narayanan wrote:

>>Based on the comment above, we would also have to forbid the routers
>>from using learned prefixes as part of the DNA solution.
> 
> 
> ... why? The problems becomes worse with wrong state for upto 7 days
> only with reassignment. The above comment is only about flash
> renumbering which will be corrected within 90 minutes and is not that
> bad (A)

I guess we need to first agree what goals we are trying to satisfy. I 
see three possible levels:
1. do nothing special for flash renumbering and immediate reassignment 
(other than telling network admin to not immediately reassign prefixes)
2. do something so that a host can recover, but it might take a while 
(e.g., 90 minutes)
3. handle it without any delay

Which goal are you attempting for? (And we should ask the same of the 
whole WG.)

I was assuming you were trying for #3, since in some cases you'd recover 
in zero time. But in order to accomplish #3  we'd also have to remove 
any notion of using learned prefixes in the routers.

And if we want to reach #2 then I don't think we need to affect the 
efficiency of the normal DNA operations, but instead have some slower 
sanity check which can recover.

> By suggesting that this is suspicious, we are suggesting that the
> prefix-lifetime being greater than 90 minutes is not necessarily right -
> in effect putting an upper limit on the prefix-lifetime and overruling
> 2461. Right? Is it OK to do that?

Good question. I wish I had a firm answer. We have an inherent conflict 
between RFC 2461, which was designed we long default lifetimes just so 
that a host wouldn't throw away its addresses and prefixes just because 
a router died for a short time.

But our need to quickly and reliably detect movement, if we combine it 
with the renumbering and reassignment issue, is in conflict. We can't 
solve both.

Hence the best I think we can do is to use the absence of a 'link up' as 
a way to tell the host to stay in the RFC 2461/62 "stability is 
important" mode.

Note that your suggestion to use a RS to reverify each prefix has the 
same issue as triggering a sanity check after 90 minutes, since it would 
also remove a prefix from aggressively than 2461 if the advertising 
router is temporarily down.

> In support of my argument above marked (A), this solution doesn't
> address the flash renumbering problem - only flash renumbering with
> early reassignment. But, I do agree that this simpler defensive scheme 
> can handle the low-probability occurance of flash-renumbering with early
> reassignment.

Flash renumbering without any reassignment wouldn't cause any additional 
problems for DNA, would it? I think it is only an issue/feature of RFC 
2461/62.

   Erik




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Date: Tue, 26 Jul 2005 06:16:22 -0700
From: Erik Nordmark <erik.nordmark@sun.com>
Subject: Re: [DNA] [Issue X] LinkID v.s. Landmark Prefix
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Tero Kauppinen (JO/LMF) wrote:

> Let there be two routers, 'A' and 'B' and some access points. 'A'
> advertises prefixes 1 and 2 whereas 'B' advertises prefix 3. After
> connecting to an AP host, 'N', sends an RS and gets an RA (from 'A'),
> and finally configures an address (basing on prefix 2). In the case of
> LinkID 'N' gets the current link-id prefix from the RA, and in the case
> of Landmark Prefix 'N' chooses a landmark prefix. Let's assume that
> prefix 1 is both the smallest prefix and the prefix 'N' chooses to be
> the landmark prefix. 
> 
> If we then say that 'A' stops advertising prefix 2 and zero-lifetime
> messages disappear, what will be the outcome? I mean, 'N' could attach
> to another AP, send an RA and learn that it's still in the same network.
> However, even though 'N' still in the same network, the address 'N' is
> using (prefix 2 based) is not valid anymore.
> 
> As I said, I'm so confused that I can't even be sure if this has already
> been discussed on the list.

My tongue in cheek answer is that this is a feature of RFC 2461 :-)
Even if there was no DNA, or there was DNA and the host didn't move to a 
different AP, the host would continue to use prefix2 until it expired.
This could be viewed as a feature in RFC 2461 in that even if a router 
fails and stops advertising a prefix for some time, it will not upset 
the configuration of the hosts unnecessarily. So when the administrator 
wants to remove a prefix, she has to explicitly configure the routers to 
drop the lifetime to zero (either abruptly or gradually).

The narrow path I've tried to follow is to realize the above issue, but 
yet make sure that DNA doesn't get any more confused by this then a host 
would get that doesn't move. For instance, by looking at how a 
non-moving host would behave when it attaches to the network.

But I might be making the wrong call here, and that in the light of 
intermittently connected hosts and lossy (radio) links, we should make 
the reverification of being connected to the same "place" a lot less 
forgiving.

    Erik





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Date: Tue, 26 Jul 2005 06:06:48 -0700
From: Erik Nordmark <erik.nordmark@sun.com>
Subject: Re: [DNA] [Issue X] LinkID v.s. Landmark Prefix
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JinHyeock Choi wrote:

> ok. I admit this is a crude one but all I can think of right now.  
> (Because it's not clear to me how a host base its decision 
> on CompleteRA, I switch to landmark one.) 
> 
> Assume a link with two routers R1 and R2 and a host H. 
> R1 advertises Prefix1 and R2 Prefix2. 
> 
> R2 stops advertising Prefix2 and starts advertising Prefix3. 
> R2 announces the prefix change by sending an RA but
> both R1 and H don't receive it. 
> 
> Then H happens to change its AP in the same link 
> and send an RS with landmark Prefix2. It also happens that 
> R2 replies first and sends an RA with NO and Prefix3. 
> H falsely assumes a link change. 

I assumed that you'd found a case when a host would fail to detect a 
link change when there was one (which is the case we must avoid); I'm 
not too worried about there being some corner cases when the host 
interprets a change in the prefix set as a link change when in fact the 
host has stayed on the same link. (This would just result in some 
additional, e.g., MIPv6 signaling. And as Tero pointed out, this more 
rapid way to react to the prefix being removed might be viewed as a 
feature.)


> The above is not clear to me yet. Allow me a question to help 
> my understanding.  
> 
> Assume a host moves to a different link but fails to receive a 
> Link Up event Notification. Then the host will not assume a link 
> change even if it receives a different unsolicted CompleteRA? 

Let me explain my reasoning.

When we worked on CPL we concluded that if the implementation can't 
reliably deliver a 'link up' event notification from the link layer to 
the DNA module, then there are cases when the host would end up treating 
the prefixes from two links as being from one link.
Thus for CPL to work reliably, the 'link up' indication in the 
implementation must be present.

Given that we have this, then we have the choice to assume this 
notification even for the DNA solution, as a way to optimize things. 
Alternatively, we can try to make the DNA solution be more robust again 
a missing 'link up' notification.
I haven't thought through all the details, but the fact that landmark 
falls back on prefix comparisons, and linkID handles routers that 
temporarily disagree on the linkID, might imply that these schemes could 
be confused when the link up is missing. If that's the case we can't 
make the solution robust against a missing link up.

    Erik




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Date: Tue, 26 Jul 2005 11:33:05 -0400
From: Sathya Narayanan <sathya@research.panasonic.com>
Subject: Re: [DNA] Re: Flash renumbering
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Erik Nordmark wrote:

> Sathya Narayanan wrote:
>
>>> Based on the comment above, we would also have to forbid the routers
>>> from using learned prefixes as part of the DNA solution.
>>
>> ... why? The problems becomes worse with wrong state for upto 7 days
>> only with reassignment. The above comment is only about flash
>> renumbering which will be corrected within 90 minutes and is not that
>> bad (A)
>
> I guess we need to first agree what goals we are trying to satisfy. I
> see three possible levels:
> 1. do nothing special for flash renumbering and immediate reassignment
> (other than telling network admin to not immediately reassign prefixes)
> 2. do something so that a host can recover, but it might take a while
> (e.g., 90 minutes)
> 3. handle it without any delay
>
> Which goal are you attempting for? (And we should ask the same of the
> whole WG.)

I believe I was going for #2 - not that I clearly thought about it like
this ;-)

I think leaving it as #1 is bad, #3 is too much and will put unnecessary
restrictions on normal operation to address a 'low-probability' problem,
hence we are left with #2.

>> By suggesting that this is suspicious, we are suggesting that the
>> prefix-lifetime being greater than 90 minutes is not necessarily right -
>> in effect putting an upper limit on the prefix-lifetime and overruling
>> 2461. Right? Is it OK to do that?
>
>
> Good question. I wish I had a firm answer. We have an inherent
> conflict between RFC 2461, which was designed we long default
> lifetimes just so that a host wouldn't throw away its addresses and
> prefixes just because a router died for a short time.
>
> But our need to quickly and reliably detect movement, if we combine it
> with the renumbering and reassignment issue, is in conflict. We can't
> solve both.
>
> Hence the best I think we can do is to use the absence of a 'link up'
> as a way to tell the host to stay in the RFC 2461/62 "stability is
> important" mode.
>
> Note that your suggestion to use a RS to reverify each prefix has the
> same issue as triggering a sanity check after 90 minutes, since it
> would also remove a prefix from aggressively than 2461 if the
> advertising router is temporarily down.

Agreed. Also, the periodic RA, if it is complete will not include P1 and
that can be used as indication also. If N CompleteRA messages are
received without the prefix, start getting suspicious.

In conclusion, I suggest we create some text based on your suggestion
from the previous email as a starting point.

>> In support of my argument above marked (A), this solution doesn't
>> address the flash renumbering problem - only flash renumbering with
>> early reassignment. But, I do agree that this simpler defensive
>> scheme can handle the low-probability occurance of flash-renumbering
>> with early
>> reassignment.
>
> Flash renumbering without any reassignment wouldn't cause any
> additional problems for DNA, would it? I think it is only an
> issue/feature of RFC 2461/62.

I am not sure what is a issue and what is a feature anymore ;-). But,
the 90 minute limitation on the learned prefixes will ensure that the
prefix (P2) is removed from the link (link 1). A host that is configured
with P2, but not using it as landmark prefix will continue to use the
address, until a completeRA gives it a 'hint' - while a host configured
with P2 and using P2 for its landmark prefix, will choose a different
prefix for its address after a landmark question/answer exchange. Does
that make sense?

Sathya



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Date: Wed, 27 Jul 2005 16:42:47 +0900
From: JinHyeock Choi <jinchoe@gmail.com>
Subject: Re: [DNA] [Issue X] LinkID v.s. Landmark Prefix
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Dear Erik

> > I use flapping in more general case as below.
> >
> > When the set of prefixes on a link changes,
> > there is the possibility of temporary lack of synchronization, i.e.
> > the nodes on the link (such as routers and hosts)
> > may have different set of prefixes (on the link) for the time being.
> >
> > For example, if the prefix set is {P1, P2} and P3 is added, one would
> > ideally have all the nodes on the link have the prefix set {P1, P2, P3}
> > instantly. But due to packet loss, it is possible that one router has the
> > prefix set {P1, P2} and the other router has {P1, P2, P3} for some time.
> 
> It isn't only packet loss that is the problem; in a distributed system
> the notion of "at the same time" isn't a useful concept. We've talked
> about this in the DT and I referred to the Lamport paper which I think
> is titled "time, clocks, and the ordering of events in a distributed
> system".
> 
> So we shouldn't require that DNA solve a known unsolvable problem :-)

ok. I don't think we can remove such a temporary "Lack of Synchronization" 
entirely. RA travels with the speed of light, so to deliver RA to all
the routers
"at the same time", we may need to study "Theory of Relativity". :-)

> Hence I postulated "flapping" as being the more specific case when a
> single host, instead of seeing a "clean" switch from one prefix set to
> another, sees the set of prefixes flap back and forth before settling
> down on the new set. 

ok. From now on, I will use the term "flapping" only in the sense you 
describes. 

For the more general case I presented, I will use the term 'LOS (Lack 
of Synchronization). Is it ok? 

(The term "link" gave me enough trouble already. I don't want another 
Jason problem arising from ambiguous terms.)  

> Such flapping is unavoidable for the cases we are
> interested in (an unknown and changeable set of routers on the link, and
> a changeable set of prefixes being advertised.)
> 
> I think it is important that the DNA solution cope gracefully with such
> flapping.

ok. I think it's also important that DNA solution cope gracefully with 
more general case of  temporary LOS (Lack of Synchronization). If 
DNA solution can deal with LOS, I think it can deal with flapping 
automatically. 

> > If hosts check for link change with prefix information, such a lack of
> > (temporary) synchronization may cause a false link identity detection.
> 
>  From my understanding of CPL, completeRA, landmark, and linkID, none of
> them have this problem. So which solutions do you refer to with your "may"?

I guess I presented one problem with Landmark in the other mail. :-) 

> > ok. Allow me to clarify this
> >
> > In Landmark/ CompleteRA,
> > when a host receives a solicited RA,
> > the host check for link change with both
> > 1) Landmark option with YES/NO bit and
> > 2) prefixes in the RA.
> >
> > If the (solicited) RA carries 1) NO answer and 2) a known prefix,
> > the host would not assume a link change.
> > (So in effect, "known prefix" would overrule "NO".)
> >
> > Is this right?
> 
> I think that makes sense.

ok. I think the above is a non-trivial change for Link Identification 
criteria, so needs to be reflected in the Landmark/ CompleteRA draft. 
 
Best Regards

JinHyeock



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Subject: Re: [DNA] [Issue X] LinkID v.s. Landmark Prefix
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ok. I admit this is a crude one but all I can think of right now.
(Because it's not clear to me how a host base its decision
on CompleteRA, I switch to landmark one.)

Assume a link with two routers R1 and R2 and a host H.
R1 advertises Prefix1 and R2 Prefix2.

R2 stops advertising Prefix2 and starts advertising Prefix3.
R2 announces the prefix change by sending an RA but
both R1 and H don't receive it.

Then H happens to change its AP in the same link
and send an RS with landmark Prefix2. It also happens that
R2 replies first and sends an RA with NO and Prefix3.
H falsely assumes a link change.

jak>> So what is the realistic probability of this actually happening? One
could use this same kind of search for corner cases to shoot down oDAD, yet
it is on the verge of becoming a PS RFC and we are planning on using it for
DNA.

            jak






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Date: Wed, 27 Jul 2005 10:28:56 -0400
From: Greg Daley <Greg.Daley@eng.monash.edu.au>
Subject: Re: [DNA] DNA proposal issue 19 - was [Issue X] LinkID v.s. Landmark
 Prefix
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        Brett Pentland <brett.pentland@eng.monash.edu.au>,
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Hi Erik, 

----- Original Message -----
From: Erik Nordmark <erik.nordmark@sun.com>
Date: Monday, July 25, 2005 10:24 pm
Subject: Re: [DNA] DNA proposal issue 19 - was [Issue X] LinkID v.s. 
Landmark Prefix
> Greg Daley wrote:
> 
> > In CPL which is host (only) based, the timers are on the host, 
> and 
> > protect
> > the host from long term damage, by removing unupdated 
> information 
> > at the host.
> > 
> > Even with the most broken readvartisement scheme for stale 
> information,> the damage could only occur for a maximum:
> > (Router out-of-date timer + Host out-of-date timer)
> 
> Are you talking about RFC 2461, or are you talking about a 
> proposal for 
> how CPL could work?

Sorry I think I changed topics in mid e-mail, and referred
to CPL as an example of particular behaviour, before
going back to my main topic.

The inequality refers to modified advertisement schemes
(those which readvertise learnt information), rather than
CPL.

Greg



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Date: Wed, 27 Jul 2005 07:54:02 -0700
From: James Kempf <Kempf@docomolabs-usa.com>
Subject: [DNA] Re: Flash renumbering
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Erik,

I agree with using absence of link up to detect renumbering. Also, I prefer
#1, unless one of the other solutions can be done without introducing
additional complexity into the protocol.

            jak

----- Original Message -----
From: "Erik Nordmark" <erik.nordmark@sun.com>
To: "Sathya Narayanan" <sathya@research.panasonic.com>
Cc: "JinHyeock Choi" <jinchoe@gmail.com>; "Brett Pentland"
<brett.pentland@eng.monash.edu.au>; <greg.daley@eng.monash.edu.au>; "Syam
Madanapalli" <smadanapalli@gmail.com>; "James Kempf"
<Kempf@docomolabs-usa.com>; "Dna" <dna@eng.monash.edu.au>
Sent: Tuesday, July 26, 2005 6:31 AM
Subject: Re: Flash renumbering


> Sathya Narayanan wrote:
>
> >>Based on the comment above, we would also have to forbid the routers
> >>from using learned prefixes as part of the DNA solution.
> >
> >
> > ... why? The problems becomes worse with wrong state for upto 7 days
> > only with reassignment. The above comment is only about flash
> > renumbering which will be corrected within 90 minutes and is not that
> > bad (A)
>
> I guess we need to first agree what goals we are trying to satisfy. I
> see three possible levels:
> 1. do nothing special for flash renumbering and immediate reassignment
> (other than telling network admin to not immediately reassign prefixes)
> 2. do something so that a host can recover, but it might take a while
> (e.g., 90 minutes)
> 3. handle it without any delay
>
> Which goal are you attempting for? (And we should ask the same of the
> whole WG.)
>
> I was assuming you were trying for #3, since in some cases you'd recover
> in zero time. But in order to accomplish #3  we'd also have to remove
> any notion of using learned prefixes in the routers.
>
> And if we want to reach #2 then I don't think we need to affect the
> efficiency of the normal DNA operations, but instead have some slower
> sanity check which can recover.
>
> > By suggesting that this is suspicious, we are suggesting that the
> > prefix-lifetime being greater than 90 minutes is not necessarily right -
> > in effect putting an upper limit on the prefix-lifetime and overruling
> > 2461. Right? Is it OK to do that?
>
> Good question. I wish I had a firm answer. We have an inherent conflict
> between RFC 2461, which was designed we long default lifetimes just so
> that a host wouldn't throw away its addresses and prefixes just because
> a router died for a short time.
>
> But our need to quickly and reliably detect movement, if we combine it
> with the renumbering and reassignment issue, is in conflict. We can't
> solve both.
>
> Hence the best I think we can do is to use the absence of a 'link up' as
> a way to tell the host to stay in the RFC 2461/62 "stability is
> important" mode.
>
> Note that your suggestion to use a RS to reverify each prefix has the
> same issue as triggering a sanity check after 90 minutes, since it would
> also remove a prefix from aggressively than 2461 if the advertising
> router is temporarily down.
>
> > In support of my argument above marked (A), this solution doesn't
> > address the flash renumbering problem - only flash renumbering with
> > early reassignment. But, I do agree that this simpler defensive scheme
> > can handle the low-probability occurance of flash-renumbering with early
> > reassignment.
>
> Flash renumbering without any reassignment wouldn't cause any additional
> problems for DNA, would it? I think it is only an issue/feature of RFC
> 2461/62.
>
>    Erik
>
>





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From: JinHyeock Choi <jinchoe@gmail.com>
Subject: [DNA] Re: LinkID v.s. Landmark Prefix
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Erik

> > The above is not clear to me yet. Allow me a question to help 
> > my understanding.  
> > 
> > Assume a host moves to a different link but fails to receive a 
> > Link Up event Notification. Then the host will not assume a link 
> > change even if it receives a different unsolicted CompleteRA? 
> 
> Let me explain my reasoning.
> 
> When we worked on CPL we concluded that if the implementation can't 
> reliably deliver a 'link up' event notification from the link layer to 
> the DNA module, then there are cases when the host would end up treating 
> the prefixes from two links as being from one link.
> Thus for CPL to work reliably, the 'link up' indication in the 
> implementation must be present.
> 
> Given that we have this, then we have the choice to assume this 
> notification even for the DNA solution, as a way to optimize things. 
> Alternatively, we can try to make the DNA solution be more robust again 
> a missing 'link up' notification.

I took the latter approach. (that may be the road less traveled. :-))  
Allow me to explain my reasoning too. 

In the previous CPL draft, we wrote that 

   Thus we think the prefix-based approach has a stronger assumption
   here than the Link Identifier-based approach, because the latter can
   operate reliably without any link-layer event notifications [14].

though the current version omits this.

So I tried to build 'linkid prefix' scheme as independent of Link UP
event notification as possible. I avoided to rely on Link UP. 
 
For example, with Link UP notification, Linkid scheme may work 
to detect link change from non-supporting link to supporting one 
as below. 

Assume a host is at a non-supporting link. Then it doesn't have 
a linkid prefix. When it moves to a supporting link, it will see a 
new linkid. 

The host may assume a link change upon receiving this new linkid.
But the current draft mandates that the host doesn't make any 
decision becuase there is the other possibility that the host is at 
the same link but a router on the link becomes a DNA router and
starts advertising the linkid. 

I contemplated the idea to distinguish the above two cases with 
Link UP indication but gave it up because I thought the simplicity
and less assumption is better. 

> I haven't thought through all the details, but the fact that landmark 
> falls back on prefix comparisons, and linkID handles routers that 
> temporarily disagree on the linkID, might imply that these schemes could 
> be confused when the link up is missing. If that's the case we can't 
> make the solution robust against a missing link up.
 
We intended Linkid scheme not to depend on Link UP and the 
scheme is supposed to work rubustly even without any Link UP 
notificaiton. We can't deny the possibility of confusion (even Titanic
sank in its maiden voyage :-)) but can't find the example yet. 

Thanks in advance for your kind consideration. 

Best Regards

JinHyeock



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Date: Tue, 26 Jul 2005 16:40:26 -0700
From: Erik Nordmark <erik.nordmark@sun.com>
Subject: Re: [DNA] Re: Flash renumbering
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Sathya Narayanan wrote:

> I believe I was going for #2 - not that I clearly thought about it like
> this ;-)
> 
> I think leaving it as #1 is bad, #3 is too much and will put unnecessary
> restrictions on normal operation to address a 'low-probability' problem,
> hence we are left with #2.

FWIW I'm of the same opinion.


> Agreed. Also, the periodic RA, if it is complete will not include P1 and
> that can be used as indication also. If N CompleteRA messages are
> received without the prefix, start getting suspicious.

That is an interesting idea, because when there is intermittent 
connectivity and packet loss, it is more likely to occur for the hosts 
than for router-to-router communication (assuming the traditional 
deployment of routers on a wired network - a wireless mesh of routers 
would potentially change this).

Thus the router not hearing a prefix from another router for 1.5 hours 
is a more reasonable indication that the prefix can be dropped, than a 
host not hearing it for 1.5 hours.

But what would we do in the case when all the prefixes don't fit in one 
RA hence the complete bit can not be set?

> In conclusion, I suggest we create some text based on your suggestion
> from the previous email as a starting point.

ok

    Erik




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Date: Wed, 27 Jul 2005 14:03:13 -0400
From: Sathya Narayanan <sathya@research.panasonic.com>
Subject: Re: [DNA] Re: Flash renumbering
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To: Erik Nordmark <erik.nordmark@sun.com>
Cc: JinHyeock Choi <jinchoe@gmail.com>,
        Brett Pentland <brett.pentland@eng.monash.edu.au>,
        greg.daley@eng.monash.edu.au,
        Syam Madanapalli <smadanapalli@gmail.com>,
        James Kempf <Kempf@docomolabs-usa.com>, Dna <dna@eng.monash.edu.au>
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Erik Nordmark wrote:

> Sathya Narayanan wrote:
>
>> I believe I was going for #2 - not that I clearly thought about it like
>> this ;-)
>>
>> I think leaving it as #1 is bad, #3 is too much and will put unnecessary
>> restrictions on normal operation to address a 'low-probability' problem,
>> hence we are left with #2.
>
> FWIW I'm of the same opinion.
>
>> Agreed. Also, the periodic RA, if it is complete will not include P1 and
>> that can be used as indication also. If N CompleteRA messages are
>> received without the prefix, start getting suspicious.
>
> That is an interesting idea, because when there is intermittent
> connectivity and packet loss, it is more likely to occur for the hosts
> than for router-to-router communication (assuming the traditional
> deployment of routers on a wired network - a wireless mesh of routers
> would potentially change this).
>
> Thus the router not hearing a prefix from another router for 1.5 hours
> is a more reasonable indication that the prefix can be dropped, than a
> host not hearing it for 1.5 hours.
>
> But what would we do in the case when all the prefixes don't fit in
> one RA hence the complete bit can not be set?

I know this is always an issue. But, isn't it a general problem about
CompleteRA which we need to think about either way?

I don't remember why we decided to remove the #prefixes field from the
DNAO.  I thought most of us felt that this field will help out with
being able to send the prefixes in two or more RA if they don't fit in a
single RA.

So, let me bring #prefixes back instead of the complete bit, here is
what I propose when the prefixes don't fit in one RA:
1) Divide the prefixes into groups with atleast one common prefix so
that each group will fit in a single RA.
2) Set the #prefixes field in the DNAO to the total number of prefixes
(The semantics for this is "This is the number of prefixes on the link
*I* know of").

>> In conclusion, I suggest we create some text based on your suggestion
>> from the previous email as a starting point.
>
> ok

So, do you want me to write it? Brett?

- Sathya



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Date: Wed, 27 Jul 2005 15:02:22 -0400
From: Greg Daley <Greg.Daley@eng.monash.edu.au>
Subject: Re: [DNA] Re: Flash renumbering
Sender: owner-dna@ecselists.eng.monash.edu.au
To: Sathya Narayanan <sathya@research.panasonic.com>
Cc: Erik Nordmark <erik.nordmark@sun.com>, JinHyeock Choi <jinchoe@gmail.com>,
        Brett Pentland <brett.pentland@eng.monash.edu.au>,
        greg.daley@eng.monash.edu.au,
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        James Kempf <Kempf@docomolabs-usa.com>, Dna <dna@eng.monash.edu.au>
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Hi Sathya, 

----- Original Message -----
[cut]
> >
> > But what would we do in the case when all the prefixes don't fit in
> > one RA hence the complete bit can not be set?
> 
> I know this is always an issue. But, isn't it a general problem about
> CompleteRA which we need to think about either way?
> 
> I don't remember why we decided to remove the #prefixes field from the
> DNAO.  I thought most of us felt that this field will help out with
> being able to send the prefixes in two or more RA if they don't 
> fit in a
> single RA.
> 
> So, let me bring #prefixes back instead of the complete bit, here is
> what I propose when the prefixes don't fit in one RA:
> 1) Divide the prefixes into groups with atleast one common prefix so
> that each group will fit in a single RA.
> 2) Set the #prefixes field in the DNAO to the total number of prefixes
> (The semantics for this is "This is the number of prefixes on the link
> *I* know of").

The number of prefixes isn't useful, and may be misleading,
if prefixes are substituted 1 for 1 on a link.

The messages will occur with time in between them.
So it may not be possible to distinguish exactly that the
RAs in one set unioned with those in another constitute
all the prefixes on the link, at the time of the second
advertisement.  (This approximation is OK for CPL, which
has a timeout on prefixes, but it isn't exact in this case,
and there's no inferred completeness from the numbers of
prefixes provided).


The numbers of prefixes we're discussing here are quite
large:

For RAs with 500 octets remaining for advertisement, 
if PIOs are transmitted in this space, 15 PIOs will fit.
If PIOs are outnumbered by LPIOs 1:5, then 4 PIOs and
20 LPIOs will fit into the RA.

So changing the operations of DNA for such large numbers
of prefixes seems unnecessary, especially if there is 
prefix overlap, since CPL is available.
It may be possible to suggest that a common prefix is sent
in the RAs (I thought we already did that in DNA Routers
though).

Later if there are likely to be large numbers of prefixes
on a link, it may be possible to write another document,
which provides better performance in those cases.

I don't really think this is necessary though.

Greg



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Date: Wed, 27 Jul 2005 15:15:29 -0400
From: Greg Daley <Greg.Daley@eng.monash.edu.au>
Subject: [DNA] Re: LinkID v.s. Landmark Prefix
Sender: owner-dna@ecselists.eng.monash.edu.au
To: JinHyeock Choi <jinchoe@gmail.com>
Cc: Erik Nordmark <erik.nordmark@sun.com>, Syam Madanapalli <syam@samsung.com>,
        Brett Pentland <brett.pentland@eng.monash.edu.au>,
        greg.daley@eng.monash.edu.au, James Kempf <Kempf@docomolabs-usa.com>,
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Hi JinHyeock, 

Please don't be shocked, I may agree with
you in this e-mail.

----- Original Message -----
[cut]
> > I haven't thought through all the details, but the fact that 
> landmark 
> > falls back on prefix comparisons, and linkID handles routers 
> that 
> > temporarily disagree on the linkID, might imply that these 
> schemes could 
> > be confused when the link up is missing. If that's the case we 
> can't 
> > make the solution robust against a missing link up.
> 
> We intended Linkid scheme not to depend on Link UP and the 
> scheme is supposed to work rubustly even without any Link UP 
> notificaiton.

I'd prefer something which could work even if the host's
driver wasn't able to provide Link Up indications.

While my host implementation basically assumes them, 
not all drivers and operating systems do (or even will)
support them.

In some media (for example, CDMA-like media) it may be
difficult to distinguish when one base station is "UP"
or not, since multiple base-stations are visible.

So understanding if the schemes would work without
indications is useful, if this is a goal.

> We can't deny the possibility of confusion (even Titanic
> sank in its maiden voyage :-)) but can't find the example yet. 

I've got a case where all 3 (CompleteRA, Landmark, LinkID)
schemes fail, and I've written it out 3 times, with just
the names of the schemes changed (It is a corner case though).

At the moment I'm not able to connect my own computer to 
my visited network, but will post it for everyone, when able.
It's not meant to prove any scheme is better than another,
just that all the schemes are fallible.

Some of the simple safety measures proposed would recover
any of the solutions (Aim #2 from the other thread), and some
would limit the possibility of it occurring (Recommendations
for flash renumbering).

These may be sufficient, with or without advertisement of 
the old LinkID.

Greg



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From: JinHyeock Choi <jinchoe@gmail.com>
Subject: [DNA] Re: LinkID v.s. Landmark Prefix
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        Brett Pentland <brett.pentland@eng.monash.edu.au>,
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Dear Greg

> Please don't be shocked, I may agree with
> you in this e-mail.

What a nice shock! I hope to have such a surprise many many 
more times that it won't be a surprise any longer. :-)

> > We intended Linkid scheme not to depend on Link UP and the
> > scheme is supposed to work rubustly even without any Link UP
> > notificaiton.
> 
> I'd prefer something which could work even if the host's
> driver wasn't able to provide Link Up indications.
> 
> While my host implementation basically assumes them,
> not all drivers and operating systems do (or even will)
> support them.
> 
> In some media (for example, CDMA-like media) it may be
> difficult to distinguish when one base station is "UP"
> or not, since multiple base-stations are visible.
> 
> So understanding if the schemes would work without
> indications is useful, if this is a goal.

ok. 

> > We can't deny the possibility of confusion (even Titanic
> > sank in its maiden voyage :-)) but can't find the example yet.
> 
> I've got a case where all 3 (CompleteRA, Landmark, LinkID)
> schemes fail, and I've written it out 3 times, with just
> the names of the schemes changed (It is a corner case though).
>
> At the moment I'm not able to connect my own computer to
> my visited network, but will post it for everyone, when able.

ok. We'd like to see the case. It may show us the way for 
improvement. 

Thanks for your kind consideration. 

Best Regards

JinHyeock



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Date: Wed, 27 Jul 2005 16:20:01 -0700 (PDT)
From: Bernard Aboba <aboba@internaut.com>
Subject: [DNA] Proposed Resolution to DNAv4 Issue 30
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The text of DNAv4 issue 30 is enclosed below.  This and other DNAv4 issues
are tracked on the DNAv4 Issue page, located at:
http://www.drizzle.com/~aboba/DNA/

A version of the document with the proposed changes applied is available
here:
http://www.drizzle.com/~aboba/DNA/draft-ietf-dhc-dna-14.txt

The proposed resolution is as follows:

In Section 1.2, change the definition of MLN to:

"Most Likely Networks (MLNs)
The attached network(s) determined by the host to be most likely."

Change Section 2, 2.1, 2.2 and 2.3 to the following:

"2. Overview

DNAv4 consists of three phases: determination of the Most Likely
Networks (MLNs), reachability testing, and IPv4 address acquisition.

On connecting to a new point of attachment, the host responds to a
"Link Up" indication from the link layer by carrying out the DNAv4
procedure. Based on the networks that the host has most recently
connected to, as well as hints available from the link and Internet
layers, the host determines the "Most Likely Network(s)" (MLNs) and
determines whether it has an operable IPv4 configuration associated
with each of them.

If the host believes that it has an operable IPv4 configuration on a
MLN, it performs a reachability test in order to confirm that
configuration. The reachability test is designed to verify bi-
directional connectivity to the default gateway(s) on the MLN. If
the reachability test is successful, the host SHOULD continue to use
an operable routable IPv4 address, without needing to re-acquire it,
thereby allowing the host to bypass DHCPv4 as well as Duplicate
Address Detection (DAD). If the host believes that it has attached
to a network on which it has no operable IPv4 configuration, or if
the reachability test fails, then the host attempts to obtain an IPv4
configuration using DHCPv4.

Since DNAv4 represents a performance optimization, it is important to
avoid compromising robustness. In some circumstances, DNAv4 may
result in a host successfully verifying an existing IPv4
configuration where attempting to obtain configuration via DHCPv4
would fail (such as when the DHCPv4 server is down).

To improve robustness, this document suggests that hosts behave
conservatively with respect to assignment of IPv4 Link-Local
addresses [RFC3927], configuring them only in situations in which
they can do no harm. Experience has shown that IPv4 Link-Local
addresses are often assigned inappropriately, compromising both
performance and connectivity.

Where the host tests reachability only to a single MLN, the
performance of DNAv4 is to some extent dependent on the reliability
of the hints provided to the client. However, the host will
ultimately determine the correct IPv4 configuration even in the
presence of misleading hints. Where reachability test(s) fail a
timeout will occur, after which the host will eventually obtain the
correct configuration using DHCPv4, albeit with a performance
penalty.

Where there is more than one MLN, the host can test reachability to
the MLN(s) in serial or in parallel. An implementation can also
attempt to obtain IPv4 configuration via DHCPv4 in parallel with one
or more reachability tests, with the host using the first answer
returned. These optimizations reduce the reliance on link and
Internet layer hints, which may not be present or may be misleading.
Attempting to obtain IPv4 configuration via DHCPv4 in parallel is
particularly valuable in implementations that only test reachability
of a single MLN. Since confirming failure of a reachability test
requires a timeout, mistakes are costly and therefore sending a
DHCPREQUEST from the INIT-REBOOT state, as described in [RFC2131]
Section 3.2 and 4.3.2 may complete more quickly than the reachability
test.

DNAv4 does not increase the likelihood of an address conflict. The
DNAv4 procedure is only carried out when the host has an operable
IPv4 configuration on one or more MLNs, implying that duplicate
address detection has previously been completed. Restrictions on
sending ARP Requests and Responses are described in Section 2.2.1.

2.1. Most Likely Networks (MLNs)

In order to determine the MLN(s), it is assumed that the host saves
to stable storage parameters relating to the networks it connects to:

[1] The IPv4 and MAC address of the default gateway(s) on
each network.

[2] The link type, such as whether the link utilizes
Ethernet, or 802.11 adhoc or infrastructure mode.

[3] Link and Internet layer hints associated with each
network. For details, see Appendix A.

Appendix A discusses hints useful for the determination of the
MLN(s). By matching received hints against network parameters
previously stored, an implementation testing reachability to a single
MLN can make an an educated guess as to which network it has attached
to. Alternatively, an implementation that simultaneously tests
reachability to multiple MLNs can select them solely based on the
networks it has most recently connected to, in which case it may not
be necessary to consult hints.

2.2. Reachability Test

If the host has an operable routable IPv4 address on a MLN, a host
conforming to this specification SHOULD perform a reachability test,
in order to confirm that it is connected to a network on which it has
an operable routable IPv4 address.

The host skips the reachability test for a MLN if any of the
following conditions are true:

[a] The host does not have an operable routable IPv4
address on a MLN. In this case, the reachability
test cannot confirm that the host has an operable
routable IPv4 address, so completing the
reachability test would serve no purpose.
A host MUST NOT use the reachability test to
confirm configuration of an IPv4 Link-Local
address.

[b] The host does not have information on the default
gateway(s) on a MLN. In this case, insufficient
information is available to carry out the reachability
test.

[c] If secure detection of network attachment is required.
The reachability test utilizes ARP which is insecure,
whereas DHCPv4 can be secured via DHCPv4 authentication,
described in [RFC3118]. See Section 5 for details.

[d] If the default gateway address is an IPv4 Link-Local
address. In this case, it is possible that the
reachability test could be misinterpreted as
indication of an address conflict. See [RFC3927]
Section 2.2.1 for details.

For a particular MLN, the host MAY test the reachability of the
primary default gateway, or it MAY test reachability of the primary
and secondary default gateways in series or in parallel. In order to
ensure configuration validity, the host SHOULD only configure
default gateway(s) which pass the reachability test.

2.3. IPv4 Address Acquisition

If the host has an operable routable IPv4 address on one or more
MLNs, but the reachability test(s) fail, the host SHOULD attempt to
revalidate the configuration by entering the INIT-REBOOT state, and
sending a DHCPREQUEST to the broadcast address as specified in
[RFC2131] Section 4.4.2. As noted in Section 2, it is also possible
for IPv4 address acquisition to occur in parallel with the
reachability test.

If the host does not have an operable routable IPv4 address on any
MLN, the host enters the INIT state and sends a DHCPDISCOVER packet
to the broadcast address, as described in [RFC2131] Section 4.4.1.
If the host supports the Rapid Commit Option [RFC4039], it is
possible that the exchange can be shortened from a 4-message exchange
to a 2-message exchange.

If the host does not receive a response to a DHCPREQUEST or
DHCPDISCOVER, then it retransmits as specified in [RFC2131] Section
4.1.

As discussed in [RFC2131], Section 4.4.4, a host in INIT or REBOOTING
state that knows the address of a DHCP server may use that address in
the DHCPDISCOVER or DHCPREQUEST rather than the IPv4 broadcast
address. In the INIT-REBOOT state a DHCPREQUEST is sent to the
broadcast address so that the host will receive a response regardless
of whether the previously configured IPv4 address is correct for the
network to which it has connected.

Sending a DHCPREQUEST to the unicast address in INIT-REBOOT state is
not appropriate, since if the DHCP client has moved to another
subnet, a DHCP server response cannot be routed back to the client
since the DHCPREQUEST will bypass the DHCP relay and will contain an
invalid source address."

In Appendix A.1, add the following sentences to the fourth paragraph:

" In order to examine the tradeoffs in implementations that only test
reachability to a single MLN..."

Add the following sentence at the end of the section:

" If instead in the above example IPv4 address acquisition were carried
out simultaneously with the reachability test, then performance would
not suffer, even where hints are unreliable."

---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Issue 30: Review of DNAv-13
Submitter name: Stuart Cheshire
Submitter email address: cheshire@apple.com
Date first submitted: July 12, 2005
Reference:
http://www1.ietf.org/mail-archive/web/dhcwg/current/msg05188.html
Document: DNA-13
Comment type: T
Priority: S
Section: Various
Rationale/Explanation of issue:
I just read draft-ietf-dhc-dna-ipv4-13.txt.

I support the goals, but I think the current document misses the target.
I have a long list of comments, but these are the three major ones:

1. Hints and heuristics

It seems to me that the reliance on hints and heuristics is vastly
overstated. The biggest and best heuristic of network attachment is the
MAC address of the default gateway, which can be verified with a trivial
ARP request (i.e. the proposed DNA mechanism itself), thereby negating
much of the usefulness of all the other hints. The document even has a
section for IP-layer hints, and then says they're pointless and shouldn't
be used. Given than an ARP request can be answered in under 1ms, any hint
or heuristic has to be significantly faster than that, or it's
self-defeating.

[BA] I agree with Stuart that link layer hints may not be very useful. If
the host attempts verification of multiple MLNs, then it is likely to be
less sensitive to bad hints, and more likely to figure things out without
any hints at all.  This should be pointed out.

[Stuart]
The argument in Appendix A that you don't want to delay the normal DHCP
INIT-REBOOT process while waiting for DNA is bogus. There's no reason why
a host that wants rapid attachment to the network (which is, after all,
the whole point of DNA) wouldn't do both simultaneously, and then just
wait and see which approach yields a fruitful result quickest.

[BA] I agree that an implementation could choose to do both DHCP and
DNAv4 in parallel. This will be useful in circumstances where
hints are unreliable or the router may have gone down, or doesn't respond
for some reason. We should clarify this.

[Stuart]
2. Why only one MLN candidate?

Why limit a host to picking just one candidate network to verify?

The drafts says, "In the absence of other information, the MLN defaults
to the network to which the host was most recently attached." Consider a
laptop computer that moves daily between Ethernet at work and Ethernet at
home. If each time it picks its most recently attached as its best guess,
it's going to be wrong 100% of the time.

It would be much better if a device simply sent ten ARP Requests for the
last ten default gateway addresses it has seen, and then sees which, if
any, are answered.

If you don't want to hit the network with ten back-to-back wire-rate ARP
Requests, then they can be staggered 100ms apart, starting with the most
recently seen network, then the previous, and so on.

Most network gateways should be able to answer an ARP Request almost
instantaneously, since answering ARP Requests is something they have to
do all the time anyway, and if they're slow at that, then that would
adversely impact the performance of pretty much all IP traffic flowing
through the gateway.

This stream of ARP Requests would of course be going on concurrently with
DHCP INIT-REBOOT processing, and as soon as one of them yields a fruitful
result, the device should stop.

It's simple, it's fast, and it yields the desired result.

[BA] As Stuart points out, an implementation can test reachability to
multiple MLNs in parallel. We should clarify that it is
ok for the implementation to do that. Assuming that the number of MLNs
chosen is reasonable, I don't think it's necessary to rate limit.



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Date: Thu, 28 Jul 2005 12:03:41 +1000
From: Greg Daley <Greg.Daley@eng.monash.edu.au>
Subject: Re: [DNA] Re: LinkID v.s. Landmark Prefix
Sender: owner-dna@ecselists.eng.monash.edu.au
To: JinHyeock Choi <jinchoe@gmail.com>
Cc: Erik Nordmark <erik.nordmark@sun.com>, Syam Madanapalli <syam@samsung.com>,
        Brett Pentland <brett.pentland@eng.monash.edu.au>,
        greg.daley@eng.monash.edu.au, James Kempf <Kempf@docomolabs-usa.com>,
        Dna <dna@eng.monash.edu.au>
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Hi JinHyeock, 

----- Original Message -----
[cut]
> 
> > > We can't deny the possibility of confusion (even Titanic
> > > sank in its maiden voyage :-)) but can't find the example yet.
> > 
> > I've got a case where all 3 (CompleteRA, Landmark, LinkID)
> > schemes fail, and I've written it out 3 times, with just
> > the names of the schemes changed (It is a corner case though).
> >
> > At the moment I'm not able to connect my own computer to
> > my visited network, but will post it for everyone, when able.
> 
> ok. We'd like to see the case. It may show us the way for 
> improvement. 

Here's the case, written out three times (once for each scheme).
There may yet be mistakes, but I think it's a valid case.

I think that this is incorrect change detection for all cases,
although there are assumptions about the ordering of packet arrivals.


Link Identifiers
---------------------

A Host H, exists and moves around the Internet.

On an link unvisited by the host, Link L, a prefix, P is
retracted by one of the routers Router1. Subsequent to this,
the actual lowest prefix on the link is Prefix Q.


Another router, Router2 fails to see the prefix retraction.
(Perhaps RAs are lost, or Router1 didn't comply with 
section 6.2.6 of RFC2461).

The prefix is then reassigned within its previous 
lifetime to another link, link M, whose lowest prefix
was prefix T.  Link M, has also not been visited by
host H.

Link Identifiers are in use on both Link L and
Link M.  On Link M, all routers advertise Prefix P
as current LinkID and Prefix T as OldLinkID.

On Link L, Router2 advertises prefix P as Current LinkID.

If the host H arrives on Link L, it may receive 
Prefix P as LinkID even though it is no longer present
on-link.  The host would configure Prefix Q (or a higher prefix)
which is advertised in a PIO.

If the LinkID is not contradicted, for example if there are
no other advertising routers left on the link, when the host
moves to Link M, it will also receive an RA with prefix P as
the Current LinkID.  The Old LinkID will be ignored (it hasn't
been seen before).


In this case, no change will be detected upon arrival to 
link M, and the previous prefix will remain configured.



Complete RA
-----------

A Host H,  exists and moves around the Internet.


On an link unvisited by the host, Link L, a prefix, P is
retracted by one of the routers Router1. Subsequent to this,
the actual lowest prefix on the link is Prefix Q.


Another router, Router2 fails to see the prefix retraction.
(Perhaps RAs are lost, or Router1 didn't comply with 
section 6.2.6 of RFC2461).

The prefix is then reassigned within its previous 
lifetime to another link, link M, whose lowest prefix
was prefix T.  Link M, has also not been visited by
host H.

CompleteRA is in use on both Link L and
Link M.  On Link M, all routers advertise Prefix P
and Prefix T (and any higher prefixes).

On Link L, Router2 advertises prefix P as well as prefix
R.


If the host H arrives on Link L, it will receive the 
prefix set {P, Q, ...}, even though P is no longer on the link.
The host would configure Prefix Q (or a higher prefix)
which is advertised in a PIO.

If the CompleteRA is not contradicted by another well configured
router, for example if there are no other advertising routers
left on the link, when the host moves to Link M, it will also
receive an RA with prefix P.

If the RA received only advertises P and is not a CompleteRA
it is impossible to tell if the link has changed (The prefixes
from the received RA and previous prefix set overlap).

If the received RA is a CompleteRA, the host will receive
a prefix set {P, T, ...} which overlaps but does not match
the old prefix list {P, Q, ...}.   Since the prefix lists 
overlap, it may be possible that these are the same link
(according to CPL, for instance).

In either of these cases, no change will be detected upon arrival
to link M, and the previous prefix will remain configured.


It is possible to define that received CompleteRAs override
previous Link Identification, as they represent a complete
view of the information of a link (This is not done by default
in the current draft).  In that case, a received CompleteRA
may then invalidate address prefixes - doesn't work with the
reassigned prefix though (which will remain configured if moves back).




Prefix Landmarks
----------------


A Host H, exists and moves around the Internet.

On an link unvisited by the host, Link L, a prefix, P is
retracted by one of the routers Router1. Subsequent to this,
the actual lowest prefix on the link is Prefix Q.


Another router, Router2 fails to see the prefix retraction.
(Perhaps RAs are lost, or Router1 didn't comply with 
section 6.2.6 of RFC2461).

The prefix is then reassigned within its previous 
lifetime to another link, link M, whose lowest prefix
was prefix T.  Link M, has also not been visited by
host H.

Prefix Landmarking is in use on both Link L and
Link M.  On Link M, routers advertise either P or T 
but are aware of both prefixes' presence.


On Link L, Router2 advertises prefix Q, but also
believes prefix P is on-link.

The host H arrives on Link L, and learns that link's 
prefixes  (for example, configuring an address from Q).
The host then moves to Link M and solicits
the routers and asks if one of the previous link's
prefixes is available here.

If it asks about P - 'Is P on this Link?', then 
the routers will answer (correctly) 'Yes'.
In this case, no change will be detected upon arrival to 
link M, and the previous prefix will remain configured.

If the host asks 'Is Q on this Link?', then it would
receive a 'No' answer, and would detect change.



Alternatively, if the host instead visited Link M and then
Link L, the host would similarly have had problems if 
it asked (on Link L) 

'Is P on this link?" but not if it asked 'Is T on this link?'
Querying the moved prefix will be unsuccessful, even though 
on link M, the prefix is advertised natively in PIOs.

----

I'm not sure what it means we should be doing, but more
knowledge has been emerging about the issue, and we may
be able to move closer to agreement soon (Lets hope).

Greg




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Date: Thu, 28 Jul 2005 12:10:17 +1000
From: Greg Daley <Greg.Daley@eng.monash.edu.au>
Subject: [DNA] Draft session agenda for IETF63
Sender: owner-dna@ecselists.eng.monash.edu.au
To: dna@eng.monash.edu.au
Cc: pekka.nikander@nomadiclab.com
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Dear WG,

Sorry it has taken so long to get a draft agenda out.
Please provide me with feedback as to whether there
needs to be any modification or clarification.

Greg

------------

IETF 63, Paris

Detecting Network Attachment (DNA) Working Group

Session Agenda
Afternoon I, Thursday 



Chairs: Pekka Nikander, Greg Daley

Internet Area: INT

Area Directors:  Margaret Wasserman
                 Mark Townsley


---------------------------------------------


Introduction and Agenda   -  Chairs   5 min


Document Status           -  Chairs   5 min


Open Document Issues:     -  Chairs + Editors
- Issue Status and Discussion

- draft-ietf-dna-link-information-01.txt     10 min w/disc
- draft-ietf-dna-cpl-00.txt                  10 min w/disc
- draft-ietf-dna-soln-framework-00.txt       10 min w/disc
- draft-ietf-dna-routers-00.txt              10 min w/disc
- draft-ietf-dna-hosts-01.txt                10 min w/disc

===========================================================> 60 min

DNA Solution Progress:    -  Chairs   10 min w/disc

- Existing Progress.

DNA Solution Link Identification:

- Description & Status    - Chairs    5 min

- draft-pentland-dna-protocol-00 link identification:
Landmarks and Complete RA -  Brett (?) 10 min


- draft-jinchoi-dna-protocol2-00 link identification:
Prefix LinkID             -  JinHyeock 10 min


Comparison of LinkID techniques:     BP,JHC,EN,GD - 10 min


Discussion                           10 min


Summary and Actions                  5  min

=========================================================> 120 min


Fast Router Discovery    - JinHyeock Choi  15 min w/disc
draft-jinchoi-dna-fastrd-01.txt


DNA Relocation           - Christian Vogt  10 min w/disc
draft-vogt-dna-relocation-01.txt


=========================================================> 145 min





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Date: Thu, 28 Jul 2005 12:38:08 +1000
From: Brett Pentland <brett.pentland@eng.monash.edu.au>
Subject: Re: [DNA] Re: LinkID v.s. Landmark Prefix
In-reply-to: <6d186a6d2bce.6d2bce6d186a@monash.edu.au>
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To: Greg Daley <Greg.Daley@eng.monash.edu.au>
Cc: JinHyeock Choi <jinchoe@gmail.com>, Erik Nordmark <erik.nordmark@sun.com>,
        Syam Madanapalli <syam@samsung.com>,
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> Prefix Landmarks
> ----------------
> 
> 
> A Host H, exists and moves around the Internet.
> 
> On an link unvisited by the host, Link L, a prefix, P is
> retracted by one of the routers Router1. Subsequent to this,
> the actual lowest prefix on the link is Prefix Q.
> 
> 
> Another router, Router2 fails to see the prefix retraction.
> (Perhaps RAs are lost, or Router1 didn't comply with 
> section 6.2.6 of RFC2461).
> 
> The prefix is then reassigned within its previous 
> lifetime to another link, link M, whose lowest prefix
> was prefix T.  Link M, has also not been visited by
> host H.
> 
> Prefix Landmarking is in use on both Link L and
> Link M.  On Link M, routers advertise either P or T 
> but are aware of both prefixes' presence.
> 
> 
> On Link L, Router2 advertises prefix Q, but also
> believes prefix P is on-link.
> 
> The host H arrives on Link L, and learns that link's 
> prefixes  (for example, configuring an address from Q).
> The host then moves to Link M and solicits
> the routers and asks if one of the previous link's
> prefixes is available here.
> 
> If it asks about P - 'Is P on this Link?', then 
> the routers will answer (correctly) 'Yes'.
> In this case, no change will be detected upon arrival to 
> link M, and the previous prefix will remain configured.
> 
> If the host asks 'Is Q on this Link?', then it would
> receive a 'No' answer, and would detect change.

This case couldn't actually happen, because the draft requires
that the landmark be a prefix that the host has an address
configured with.  It couldn't get this from link L.

This is only a minor point though, because the following case
could occur because the host might configure an address with
prefix P when it visited link M and then router 2 would answer
yes if it asked about prefix P when it moved to link L.

Brett.

> 
> Alternatively, if the host instead visited Link M and then
> Link L, the host would similarly have had problems if 
> it asked (on Link L) 
> 
> 'Is P on this link?" but not if it asked 'Is T on this link?'
> Querying the moved prefix will be unsuccessful, even though 
> on link M, the prefix is advertised natively in PIOs.



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Date: Thu, 28 Jul 2005 09:54:01 +0530
From: Subba Reddy <subbareddy@samsung.com>
Subject: Re: [DNA] Re: LinkID v.s. Landmark Prefix
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To: Greg Daley <Greg.Daley@eng.monash.edu.au>,
        JinHyeock Choi <jinchoe@gmail.com>
Cc: Erik Nordmark <erik.nordmark@sun.com>, Syam Madanapalli <syam@samsung.com>,
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Hi Greg,

<cut>

> Link Identifiers
> ---------------------
>
> A Host H, exists and moves around the Internet.
>
> On an link unvisited by the host, Link L, a prefix, P is
> retracted by one of the routers Router1. Subsequent to this,
> the actual lowest prefix on the link is Prefix Q.
>
>
> Another router, Router2 fails to see the prefix retraction.
> (Perhaps RAs are lost, or Router1 didn't comply with
> section 6.2.6 of RFC2461).
>
> The prefix is then reassigned within its previous
> lifetime to another link, link M, whose lowest prefix
> was prefix T.  Link M, has also not been visited by
> host H.
>
> Link Identifiers are in use on both Link L and
> Link M.  On Link M, all routers advertise Prefix P
> as current LinkID and Prefix T as OldLinkID.
>
> On Link L, Router2 advertises prefix P as Current LinkID.
>
> If the host H arrives on Link L, it may receive
> Prefix P as LinkID even though it is no longer present
> on-link.  The host would configure Prefix Q (or a higher prefix)
> which is advertised in a PIO.
>
> If the LinkID is not contradicted, for example if there are
> no other advertising routers left on the link, when the host
> moves to Link M, it will also receive an RA with prefix P as
> the Current LinkID.  The Old LinkID will be ignored (it hasn't
> been seen before).
>
>
> In this case, no change will be detected upon arrival to
> link M, and the previous prefix will remain configured.
>

I am just giving one example, where H may not take wrong decision.

If the H stays for atleast 3 hours (worst case) in the Link L, H will
delete that linkid from list and will not make wrong decision when
it is moved to Link M.

In detail,
Let us say life time of P is 10 hrs when the P is removed from L and
assigned to M.
Sice Router2 don't know the removal of P, it will be advertising P as
linkid.
After 1.5hrs, Router2 will stop advertising as linkid (since the prefix is
not updated
by any router, in this case Router1). Let us say H has received the last RA
from Router2
with P as linkid (exactly after 1.5hrs after P is removed). After 1.5 hrs
from this point of
time H also will remove P from linkid list, since it is not updated in the
last 1.5hrs.
So after 3 hrs, P will be removed from linkid list of H.

Thanks & Regards,
Subba Reddy




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Date: Thu, 28 Jul 2005 16:18:01 +1000
From: Greg Daley <Greg.Daley@eng.monash.edu.au>
Subject: Re: [DNA] Re: LinkID v.s. Landmark Prefix
Sender: owner-dna@ecselists.eng.monash.edu.au
To: Subba Reddy <subbareddy@samsung.com>
Cc: JinHyeock Choi <jinchoe@gmail.com>, Erik Nordmark <erik.nordmark@sun.com>,
        Syam Madanapalli <syam@samsung.com>,
        Brett Pentland <brett.pentland@eng.monash.edu.au>,
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Hi Subba, 

----- Original Message -----
[cut]
> >
> > In this case, no change will be detected upon arrival to
> > link M, and the previous prefix will remain configured.
> >
> 
> I am just giving one example, where H may not take wrong decision.
[cut]

I understand that LinkID is quite robust against change.

The point I originally was making was that while it is robust,
All of the schemes are flawed to some extent.

Some of the strategies described in LinkID (timers, etc)
are applicable to all schemes, and would probably be adopted
in any of the schemes now.

So the question is: Is the problem big enough that the 
advantage of advertising oldLinkID, gains significantly
over the other schemes (when timeouts and prefix retraction
advertisement are recommended)? 

Are the other schemes good enough?

I don't expect there are clear answers which everyone agrees
with, but it may be possible to discuss things until
we agree about the comparison.

Greg 



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IETF 63, Paris

Detecting Network Attachment (DNA) Working Group

Session Agenda
Afternoon I, Thursday 



Chairs: Pekka Nikander, Greg Daley

Area Directors:  Margaret Wasserman
                 Mark Townsley


---------------------------------------------


Introduction and Agenda   -  Chairs   5 min


Document Status           -  Chairs   5 min


Open Document Issues:     -  Chairs + Editors
- Issue Status and Discussion

- draft-ietf-dna-link-information-01.txt     10 min w/disc
- draft-ietf-dna-cpl-00.txt                  10 min w/disc
- draft-ietf-dna-soln-framework-00.txt       10 min w/disc
- draft-ietf-dna-routers-00.txt              10 min w/disc
- draft-ietf-dna-hosts-01.txt                10 min w/disc

===========================================================> 60 min

DNA Solution Progress:    -  Chairs   10 min w/disc

- Existing Progress.

DNA Solution Link Identification:

- draft-pentland-dna-protocol-00 link identification:
Landmarks and Complete RA -  Brett (?) 10 min


- draft-jinchoi-dna-protocol2-00 link identification:
Prefix LinkID             -  JinHyeock 10 min


Comparison of LinkID techniques:     BP,JHC,EN,GD - 10 min


Discussion                           10 min


Summary and Actions                  5  min

=========================================================> 115 min


Fast Router Discovery    - JinHyeock Choi  15 min w/disc
draft-jinchoi-dna-fastrd-01.txt


DNA Relocation           - Christian Vogt  10 min w/disc
draft-vogt-dna-relocation-01.txt


FMIPv6 Usage with DNA Protocol - Rajeev or Syam 10 min w/disc.
draft-koodli-dna-fmip-00.txt 





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Date: Thu, 28 Jul 2005 09:54:40 +0200
From: Henrik Levkowetz <henrik@levkowetz.com>
Subject: Re: [DNA] Proposed Resolution to DNAv4 Issue 30
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Hi Bernard,

On 2005-07-28 01:20 Bernard Aboba said the following:
> The text of DNAv4 issue 30 is enclosed below.  This and other DNAv4 issues
> are tracked on the DNAv4 Issue page, located at:
> http://www.drizzle.com/~aboba/DNA/

Good point.  Experience with the ipUnplugged MIPv4 client implementation
indicated clearly that doing parallel (multiple) reachability testing and
DHCPv4 address acquisition is worthwhile.

> A version of the document with the proposed changes applied is available
> here:
> http://www.drizzle.com/~aboba/DNA/draft-ietf-dhc-dna-14.txt

or http://www.drizzle.com/~aboba/DNA/draft-ietf-dhc-dna-ipv4-14.txt 

> The proposed resolution is as follows:
> 
> In Section 1.2, change the definition of MLN to:
> 
> "Most Likely Networks (MLNs)
> The attached network(s) determined by the host to be most likely."
> 
> Change Section 2, 2.1, 2.2 and 2.3 to the following:
> 

Some comments:

[...]

> Where there is more than one MLN, the host can test reachability to
> the MLN(s) in serial or in parallel. An implementation can also
> attempt to obtain IPv4 configuration via DHCPv4 in parallel with one
> or more reachability tests, with the host using the first answer
> returned. These optimizations reduce the reliance on link and
> Internet layer hints, which may not be present or may be misleading.
> Attempting to obtain IPv4 configuration via DHCPv4 in parallel is

Maybe s/in parallel/in parallel with reachability testing/ ?

> particularly valuable in implementations that only test reachability
> of a single MLN. Since confirming failure of a reachability test
> requires a timeout, mistakes are costly and therefore sending a
> DHCPREQUEST from the INIT-REBOOT state, as described in [RFC2131]
> Section 3.2 and 4.3.2 may complete more quickly than the reachability
> test.

[...]

> Appendix A discusses hints useful for the determination of the
> MLN(s). By matching received hints against network parameters
> previously stored, an implementation testing reachability to a single
> MLN can make an an educated guess as to which network it has attached
> to. Alternatively, an implementation that simultaneously tests
> reachability to multiple MLNs can select them solely based on the
> networks it has most recently connected to, in which case it may not
> be necessary to consult hints.

Reads a bit awkwardly to me, and leaves out one reasonable strategy.
Maybe something like:

  "Appendix A discusses hints useful for the determination of the
  MLN(s).  By matching received hints against network parameters
  previously stored, it is possible to select one or a set of networks
  as most likely.  An implementation that tests reachability to a single
  MLN would do its test based on the hints.  An implementation that
  simultaneously tests reachability to multiple MLNs may do the tests
  solely based on the networks it has most recently connected to, or
  may alternatively test a set of likely networks based both on
  networks recently connected to and networks selected based on the
  hints."



	Henrik




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Date: Thu, 28 Jul 2005 02:04:59 -0700
From: Erik Nordmark <erik.nordmark@sun.com>
Subject: Re: [DNA] Re: Flash renumbering
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        Brett Pentland <brett.pentland@eng.monash.edu.au>,
        greg.daley@eng.monash.edu.au,
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Sathya Narayanan wrote:

> I know this is always an issue. But, isn't it a general problem about
> CompleteRA which we need to think about either way?

In other cases we have the CPL logic ("wait for 4 seconds") to fall back 
on when the complete bit isn't set.

I suspect in you suggestion we can have the routers handle things 
without a complete bit; if a router hasn't heard a learned prefix from 
any other router, then after 1.5 hours it can drop it from the learned 
prefixes.

Thus the issue now becomes whether and how the router can communicate to 
the hosts that this is no longer a (learned) prefix on the link. We can 
overload the complete bit with this when the prefixes all fit in one RA, 
but we could perhaps also do some explicit "removal of learned prefix" 
type of option??

> I don't remember why we decided to remove the #prefixes field from the
> DNAO.  I thought most of us felt that this field will help out with
> being able to send the prefixes in two or more RA if they don't fit in a
> single RA.

Sure you can send them, but that doesn't mean we know what the semantics 
need to be on the receiver.

> So, let me bring #prefixes back instead of the complete bit, here is
> what I propose when the prefixes don't fit in one RA:
> 1) Divide the prefixes into groups with atleast one common prefix so
> that each group will fit in a single RA.
> 2) Set the #prefixes field in the DNAO to the total number of prefixes
> (The semantics for this is "This is the number of prefixes on the link
> *I* know of").

I don't think #2 can work in a robust manner unless we apply normal 
fragmentation/reassembly to such large RAs. And I don't think we need 
this complexity.

   Erik



From dna-owner@webcamserver.eng.monash.edu.au Thu Jul 28 05:32:31 2005
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Date: Thu, 28 Jul 2005 11:31:41 +0200
From: Pekka Nikander <pekka.nikander@nomadiclab.com>
Subject: =?ISO-8859-1?Q?[DNA]=A0Apologies_and_stepping_down?=
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Dear DNA WG,

Since a couple of months I have had severe scheduling problems  
leading to too little time for acting as an effective co-chair of the  
DNA WG.  My sincere apologies for this.  I have discussed the  
situation a number of times with Greg, and his wish has been that I  
would still try, and I have tried until now.  However, it has become  
clear that this just does not work.  You and Greg deserve someone who  
has more cycles available; I don't want to act as an ignorant manager  
that is out of touch with the technical details.

I have today indicated to Margaret that I want to step down from my  
role as a DNA co-chair as soon as we are able to find a replacement.   
If you have good candidates in mind, please contact Margaret and/or  
Greg directly.  In the mean while, I will do my best to help Greg.

Yours,

--Pekka Nikander




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Date: Thu, 28 Jul 2005 13:53:48 +0200
From: "Tero Kauppinen (JO/LMF)" <tero.kauppinen@ericsson.com>
Subject: RE: [DNA] Re: LinkID v.s. Landmark Prefix
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Hi Brett,

I'm having this endless LinkID v.s. Landmark battle in my head while tryi=
ng to grasp what has been said and written.=20

Anyway, I started think the following na=EFve example:

 R1 : advertising P1               R2 : adverstining P2
      thus {adv:P1, learned:P2}         thus {adv:P2, learned: P1}

 node H: knows P1, P2 and has chosen P1 as the landmark prefix

Let's assume that R1 stops advertising P1 and starts advertising a new pr=
efix P3. The host doesn't receive RAs and is unaware of the change. The n=
ode moves to another AP and gets a "no" answer. The landmark approach ind=
icates wrongly a link change, but CPL will show that there is actually no=
 link change. If I have been able to follow the discussion, it has been s=
aid that the CPL decision should overwrite Landmark's decision in this ca=
se.=20

I agree but I guess a lot of fuzz is because this is not clearly stated i=
n the draft -- should it or is it still an open issue? This would practic=
ally mean that every time a "no" answer is received, the current  list of=
 all known prefixes on the link is checked in order to confirm that the R=
A doesn't contain a prefix which is already known to be on the link.

...or am I just once again completely lost? :)

Might also be that we should write down something about the case when a n=
ode changes the landmark prefix. If the node received a zero-lifetime adv=
ertisement for the current landmark prefix, it should pick another prefix=
. On the other hand, "5.2.3. The prefix MUST have a non-zero valid lifeti=
me" is a way to say it.

--
Tero=20

> -----Original Message-----
> From: owner-dna@ecselists.eng.monash.edu.au [mailto:owner-
> dna@ecselists.eng.monash.edu.au] On Behalf Of Greg Daley
> Sent: 28. hein=E4kuuta 2005 9:18
> To: Subba Reddy
> Cc: JinHyeock Choi; Erik Nordmark; Syam Madanapalli; Brett Pentland;
> greg.daley@eng.monash.edu.au; James Kempf; Dna
> Subject: Re: [DNA] Re: LinkID v.s. Landmark Prefix
>=20
> Hi Subba,
>=20
> ----- Original Message -----
> [cut]
> > >
> > > In this case, no change will be detected upon arrival to
> > > link M, and the previous prefix will remain configured.
> > >
> >
> > I am just giving one example, where H may not take wrong decision.
> [cut]
>=20
> I understand that LinkID is quite robust against change.
>=20
> The point I originally was making was that while it is robust,
> All of the schemes are flawed to some extent.
>=20
> Some of the strategies described in LinkID (timers, etc)
> are applicable to all schemes, and would probably be adopted
> in any of the schemes now.
>=20
> So the question is: Is the problem big enough that the
> advantage of advertising oldLinkID, gains significantly
> over the other schemes (when timeouts and prefix retraction
> advertisement are recommended)?
>=20
> Are the other schemes good enough?
>=20
> I don't expect there are clear answers which everyone agrees
> with, but it may be possible to discuss things until
> we agree about the comparison.
>=20
> Greg



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Date: Thu, 28 Jul 2005 17:59:03 +0530
From: Syam Madanapalli <smadanapalli@gmail.com>
Subject: Re: [DNA] Revised FRD (Fast Router Discovery) I-D
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Hi Brett,

I am replying little late :)

On 7/19/05, Brett Pentland <brett.pentland@eng.monash.edu.au> wrote:
> Hi JinHyeock,
> 
> I just read over your update and have a few observations.
> 
> I see you now have triggering as well as caching.  Triggering seems
> to make good sense when the AR and Point of Attachment (PoA) are
> co-located, but when they are not it seems that you are just
> reinventing RS/RA.  Compared to the host initiating the RS, you
> save one store-and-forward time in the PoA, but that doesn't seem
> like much of a saving for a new protocol.

We have implemented the sending RS from AP while an MN is associating
with it and found that the RA comes at MN faster than the cached RA
sent from AP.  We have surprised with these results. It took ~700 micro 
seconds  (0.7 ms) for an RA to reach MN from the completion of association.
And it is very easy to implement.

We were sending RA from the Router kernel to MN MAC. We are sending RA
from the router without random delay as AP sends unicast RS with TSLLAO 
option.

A host can also send an RS but it may need to employ a some logic to avoid
random delay.

-Syam



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Date: Thu, 28 Jul 2005 22:32:46 +1000
From: Greg Daley <Greg.Daley@eng.monash.edu.au>
Subject: [DNA] =?iso-8859-1?Q?Re=3A_=5BDNA=5D=A0Apologies_and_stepping_down?=
Sender: owner-dna@ecselists.eng.monash.edu.au
To: Pekka Nikander <pekka.nikander@nomadiclab.com>
Cc: Dna <dna@eng.monash.edu.au>, Margaret Wasserman <margaret@thingmagic.com>,
        Greg Daley <greg.daley@eng.monash.edu.au>
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Dear Pekka,

I think I can speak on behalf of the WG, in expressing
our appreciation for the work you have done within DNA.
Your wisdom and experience have been incredibly valuable,
and have advanced work within the group.

Thanks for your contribution.

Greg

----- Original Message -----
From: Pekka Nikander <pekka.nikander@nomadiclab.com>
Date: Thursday, July 28, 2005 7:31 pm
Subject: [DNA]=A0Apologies and stepping down
> Dear DNA WG,
>=20
> Since a couple of months I have had severe scheduling problems =20
> leading to too little time for acting as an effective co-chair
> of the DNA WG.  My sincere apologies for this.  I have
> discussed the situation a number of times with Greg, and his
> wish has been that I would still try, and I have tried until
> now.  However, it has become clear that this just does not work.
> You and Greg deserve someone who has more cycles available; I
> don't want to act as an ignorant manager that is out of touch
> with the technical details.
>=20
> I have today indicated to Margaret that I want to step down from=20
> my role as a DNA co-chair as soon as we are able to find a=20
> replacement.  If you have good candidates in mind, please contact
> Margaret and/or Greg directly.  In the mean while, I will do my
> best to help Greg.
>=20
> Yours,
>=20
> --Pekka Nikander
>=20
>=20



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Date: Thu, 28 Jul 2005 22:43:34 +1000
From: Greg Daley <Greg.Daley@eng.monash.edu.au>
Subject: Re: [DNA] Revised FRD (Fast Router Discovery) I-D
Sender: owner-dna@ecselists.eng.monash.edu.au
To: Syam Madanapalli <smadanapalli@gmail.com>
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        JinHyeock Choi <jinchoe@gmail.com>,
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Hi Syam, 

----- Original Message -----
[cut]
> 
> We were sending RA from the Router kernel to MN MAC. We are 
> sending RA from the router without random delay as AP sends
> unicast RS with TSLLAO option.

Can I ask what the source address of the RS from the AP is?

I am interested in which features of TSLLAO are being used.

Greg



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Date: Thu, 28 Jul 2005 08:42:44 -0700
From: Erik Nordmark <erik.nordmark@sun.com>
Subject: Re: [DNA] [Issue X] LinkID v.s. Landmark Prefix
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JinHyeock Choi wrote:

> ok. From now on, I will use the term "flapping" only in the sense you 
> describes. 
> 
> For the more general case I presented, I will use the term 'LOS (Lack 
> of Synchronization). Is it ok? 

ok, but see below.
Also, I don't think "out of synch" can be determined in a distributed 
system, since there is always a non-zero delay. Hence if R1 sends a RA 
and R2 and R3 receives it, an observer can't tell which or R2 and R3 
updated the prefix list first (or whether they did it at exactly the 
same time).

> (The term "link" gave me enough trouble already. I don't want another 
> Jason problem arising from ambiguous terms.)  
> 
> 
>>Such flapping is unavoidable for the cases we are
>>interested in (an unknown and changeable set of routers on the link, and
>>a changeable set of prefixes being advertised.)
>>
>>I think it is important that the DNA solution cope gracefully with such
>>flapping.
> 
> 
> ok. I think it's also important that DNA solution cope gracefully with 
> more general case of  temporary LOS (Lack of Synchronization). If 
> DNA solution can deal with LOS, I think it can deal with flapping 
> automatically. 

I don't see using the LOS term as helpful here.
LOS captures the case when router1's list of prefixes is out of date 
with router2's two list of prefixes, even if only for a nanosecond.

What matters is the sequence of events that are observable.


>>>If the (solicited) RA carries 1) NO answer and 2) a known prefix,
>>>the host would not assume a link change.
>>>(So in effect, "known prefix" would overrule "NO".)
>>>
>>>Is this right?
>>
>>I think that makes sense.
> 
> 
> ok. I think the above is a non-trivial change for Link Identification 
> criteria, so needs to be reflected in the Landmark/ CompleteRA draft. 

Agreed.

    Erik



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From: Erik Nordmark <erik.nordmark@sun.com>
Subject: [DNA] Re: LinkID v.s. Landmark Prefix
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JinHyeock Choi wrote:

>>Given that we have this, then we have the choice to assume this 
>>notification even for the DNA solution, as a way to optimize things. 
>>Alternatively, we can try to make the DNA solution be more robust again 
>>a missing 'link up' notification.
> 
> 
> I took the latter approach. (that may be the road less traveled. :-))  
> Allow me to explain my reasoning too. 

ok
But when taking that draft, what guarantees can you provide when you 
need to use a combination of linkID and CPL/completeRA?
You end up with these combinations when
1. Some but not all routers on the link are new (i.e., are doing linkID)
2. The host moves to/from a link where not all routers on the link are new

My gut feel is that there are many places where you have to defer to 
prefix comparisons, and if the prefix list you are comparing against is 
based on CPL, then you have the CPL problem of needing reliably 'link 
up' indications. But I haven't worked through all the cases to see if 
this is indeed the case, or whether we can do better.


> For example, with Link UP notification, Linkid scheme may work 
> to detect link change from non-supporting link to supporting one 
> as below. 
> 
> Assume a host is at a non-supporting link. Then it doesn't have 
> a linkid prefix. When it moves to a supporting link, it will see a 
> new linkid. 
> 
> The host may assume a link change upon receiving this new linkid.
> But the current draft mandates that the host doesn't make any 
> decision becuase there is the other possibility that the host is at 
> the same link but a router on the link becomes a DNA router and
> starts advertising the linkid. 
> 
> I contemplated the idea to distinguish the above two cases with 
> Link UP indication but gave it up because I thought the simplicity
> and less assumption is better. 

So assume that linkA has R1 which uses linkID, and R2 which does not.
linkB has R3 which does not implement linkID.

A host H is on linkB and moves to linkA.
Assume H receives the RA from R2 before the RA from R1. How can it tell 
whether it should assume that R2 is on the same link as R3, or not?
When it receives the RA from R2, the only thing it can rely on is the 
link up notification (R3 and R3 do not advertise any common prefixes), 
since R2 and R3 could be two old routers that are on the same link and 
announce disjoint prefixes.

Thus link up is at least needed "temporarily"; once the RA from R1 
arrives (which includes all the prefixes for linkA I assume), then the 
host can tell that the prefixes it got from R3 are really not on the new 
link; but until that RA is receives the host needs to rely on the link up.

Do you see a way around this?

    Erik



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Date: Thu, 28 Jul 2005 10:55:31 -0700
From: Alper Yegin <alper.yegin@samsung.com>
Subject: RE: [DNA] Updated draft agenda for IETF63
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> - draft-ietf-dna-link-information-01.txt     10 min w/disc

The latest version of this document is
draft-ietf-dna-link-information-02.txt

Alper




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Date: Fri, 29 Jul 2005 08:46:37 +1000
From: Greg Daley <Greg.Daley@eng.monash.edu.au>
Subject: [DNA] Info: Computation Time/Space requirements for Link
 Identification schemes
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Hi, 

Here's my time/space requirement analysis of the Link Identification
methods.  Based on my analysis, none of them seems to be terribly
difficult to support.

Greg

Parameters: 
-----------

P   number of distinct prefixes on a link
p_r number of distinct prefixes received in pios from router r
l_r number 0of learned prefixes received in pios from router r
N   number of links visited recently.



Discussion of issues and assumptions:
-------------------------------------

Schemes are described with individual sub components,
as well as when combined in compound solutions (as proposed
in drafts).  This made building the analysis easier.

Proposed schemes from the drafts are marked as: **** (Proposed Scheme)

Ignores number of routers on link

None of the schemes: LinkID, CompleteRA, Landmarks require sorted storage,

LinkID requires Minimum selection comparison

Hash tables work fine for DNAPrefixList in completeRA and
Prefix Landmark, so long as hash table traversal for
CompleteRA generation is linear: O(P).

Additional Storage indicates storage for learned information on 
routers, and ignores storage requirements for the RFC2461 AdvPrefixList.

Additional comparison of host side requirements for schemes when also
using Complete Prefix Lists is provided for context.

Time calculations ignore signature generation and verification times
(which are affected by the overall length of the message).

In order to be robust against prefix departures, O(P) prefixes may need
to be stored for LinkID, but the minimum is O(1).





Router Side storage and processing requirements.
================================================

CompleteRA:
-----------
Additional Storage: O(P) keep DNAPrefixList

RA build time: O(P) traverse DNAPrefixList.

RA processing: O(p_r) insertion of prefixes into hash table.

Timers: 1 Expiry timer (callback or operation based)
       

Prefix Landmarks:
-----------------
Additional Storage: O(P) keep DNAprefixlist

RA build time: O(1) comparison of landmark with DNAPrefixList.

RA processing: O(p_r) insertion of prefixes into hash table.

Timers: 1 Expiry timer (callback or operation based)


CompleteRA+PrefixLandmarks **** (Proposed Scheme)
-------------------------------------------------
Additional Storage: O(P) keep DNAprefixlist

RA build time: O(1) comparison of landmark with DNAPrefixList.
               OR
               O(P) traverse DNAPrefixList.


RA processing: O(p_r) insertion of prefixes into hash table.

Timers: 1 Expiry timer (callback or operation based)



Prefix LinkID  **** (Proposed Scheme):
---------------------------------------
Additional Storage: O(1) keep LinkID and Old LinkID

RA Build time: O(1) selection of LinkID and Old LinkID


RA Processing: O(p_r) comparison of each prefix with LinkID

Timers: 1 expiry timer (callback or operation based)


Unmodified RFC 2461 Routers:
----------------------------
Additional Storage: zero

RA Build time: O(1) (add pio processing time for own prefixes)

RA processing: O(1) (RA consistency checks)
               OR
               zero

Timers: 0 or 1 expiry timer (prefix retraction)








Host Side storage and processing requirements.
==============================================

CompleteRA:
-----------
Storage: O(P) Prefix List of distinct prefixes on link

RA Processing: O(P) = O(p_r+l_r) storage of prefixes in prefix list.

RS build time: O(1), normal RS.  
               OR
               zero, no RS.

Learning time: 1 message


Prefix Landmark:
----------------
Storage: O(1) landmark prefix (minimum)
         O(P) prefix list (maximum/robust).

RA Processing: O(1) landmark inpsection

RS build time: O(1), normal RS + selected landmark.

Learning time: 1 message


CompleteRA+Prefix Landmark **** (Proposed Scheme  -- see below for CPL):
--------------------------------------------------
Storage: O(P) Prefix List of distinct prefixes on link

RA Processing: O(1)landmark inspection
               or
               O(P) storage of prefixes in prefix list.

RS build time: O(1), normal RS.
               OR
               O(1), normal RS + selected landmark  
               OR
               zero, no RS.

Learning time: 1 message ( more if Landmark:"NO" is incomplete)




Prefix LinkID **** (Proposed Scheme  -- see below for CPL):
-------------------------------------
Storage: O(1) Prefix LinkID (minimum)
         O(N) set of linkIDs received recently on different IP links.


RA Processing: O(1) LinkID inspection, comparison to recent LinkIDs.

RS build time: O(1), normal RS.
               OR
               zero, no RS.

Learning time: 1 message.




Complete Prefix Lists:
----------------------
Storage: O(P + P') Current link object + Candidate Link Object.

RA processing: O(p_r) insertion of prefixes into candidate link object,
               + comparison with current link object.

RS build time: O(1), normal RS.


Learning time: NUM_RS_RA_COMPLETE (1..3) * 4 seconds.




CompleteRA + Complete Prefix Lists:
-----------------------------------
Storage: O(P + P') Current link object + Candidate Link Object.

RA processing: O(P) insertion of prefixes into candidate link object,
               + comparison with current link object.

RS build time: O(1), normal RS.


Learning time: 1 message.




Landmark + Complete Prefix Lists:
-----------------------------------
Storage: O(P + P') Current link object + Candidate Link Object.

RA processing: O(1) Landmark inspection
               OR
               O(P) insertion of prefixes into candidate link object,
               + comparison with current link object.

RS build time: O(1), normal RS + selected landmark


Learning time: 1 message (Landmark)
               NUM_RS_RA_COMPLETE (1..3) * 4 seconds (Complete Prefix List).




CompleteRA + Landmark + Complete Prefix Lists **** (Proposed Scheme):
---------------------------------------------------------------------
Storage: O(P + P') Current link object + Candidate Link Object.

RA processing: O(1) Landmark inspection
               OR
               O(P) insertion of prefixes into candidate link object,
               + comparison with current link object.

RS build time: O(1), normal RS + selected landmark
               OR
               O(1), normal RS.
               OR
               zero.

Learning time: 1 message




LinkID + Complete Prefix Lists  **** (Proposed Scheme):
-------------------------------------------------------
Storage: O(P + P') Current link object + Candidate Link Object.
         Maybe + O(N) set of linkIDs received recently on different IP
links.

RA processing: O(1) LinkID inspection, comparison to recent LinkIDs.
               OR
               O(P) insertion of prefixes into candidate link object,
               + comparison with current link object.

RS build time: O(1), normal RS.
               OR
               zero, no RS.


Learning time: 1 message
               OR
               NUM_RS_RA_COMPLETE (1..3) * 4 seconds (Complete Prefix List).











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Date: Fri, 29 Jul 2005 08:04:36 +0900
From: JinHyeock Choi <athene@sait.samsung.co.kr>
Subject: Re: [DNA] Updated draft agenda for IETF63
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Dear Greg

Thanks for your trouble. I looked through the agenda and have
a few questions.

First, will there is no presentation for Hash based FastRA?
(It seems only link identification part of  draft-pentland-dna-protocol-01
will be presented.)

Second, will there be no presentation for TSLLAO?

Third, will there be a discussion about "RA optimized for DNA"?
(I think we need to consider what kind of information the (DNA) RA
should include.)

Thanks in advance for your kind consideration.

Best Regards

JinHyeock



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Date: Fri, 29 Jul 2005 09:06:30 +1000
From: Brett Pentland <brett.pentland@eng.monash.edu.au>
Subject: Re: [DNA] Re: LinkID v.s. Landmark Prefix
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Tero Kauppinen (JO/LMF) wrote:
> Hi Brett,
>=20
> I'm having this endless LinkID v.s. Landmark battle in my head while
> trying to grasp what has been said and written.
>=20
> Anyway, I started think the following na=EFve example:
>=20
> R1 : advertising P1               R2 : adverstining P2 thus {adv:P1,
> learned:P2}         thus {adv:P2, learned: P1}
>=20
> node H: knows P1, P2 and has chosen P1 as the landmark prefix
>=20
> Let's assume that R1 stops advertising P1 and starts advertising a
> new prefix P3. The host doesn't receive RAs and is unaware of the
> change. The node moves to another AP and gets a "no" answer. The
> landmark approach indicates wrongly a link change, but CPL will show
> that there is actually no link change. If I have been able to follow
> the discussion, it has been said that the CPL decision should
> overwrite Landmark's decision in this case.

It doesn't have to be CPL, but the presence of prefixes in the RA that
the host has seen before are a strong indication that link change has
not taken place.  The draft is not clear on this because we still have
it as an open issue (issue 9 - actually dates back to when we had the
"landmark not on link option" but the concept is the same).  I
definitely think that matching prefixes should overrule a "NO" answer.
There were some concerns that the inconsistancy should mean that we
fall back to another means of identifying the link (CPL?) but I think
that means we'll end up with the same result.

>=20
> I agree but I guess a lot of fuzz is because this is not clearly
> stated in the draft -- should it or is it still an open issue? This
> would practically mean that every time a "no" answer is received, the
> current list of all known prefixes on the link is checked in order to
> confirm that the RA doesn't contain a prefix which is already known
> to be on the link.
>=20
> ...or am I just once again completely lost? :)

No, I think you've pretty much got it.  See above re: the open issue.

>=20
> Might also be that we should write down something about the case when
> a node changes the landmark prefix. If the node received a
> zero-lifetime advertisement for the current landmark prefix, it
> should pick another prefix. On the other hand, "5.2.3. The prefix
> MUST have a non-zero valid lifetime" is a way to say it.

I think so.  :)

Cheers,
Brett.



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From: Brett Pentland <brett.pentland@eng.monash.edu.au>
Subject: Re: [DNA] Revised FRD (Fast Router Discovery) I-D
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Hi Syam,

Syam Madanapalli wrote:
> Hi Brett,
> 
> I am replying little late :)
> 
> On 7/19/05, Brett Pentland <brett.pentland@eng.monash.edu.au> wrote:
> 
>>Hi JinHyeock,
>>
>>I just read over your update and have a few observations.
>>
>>I see you now have triggering as well as caching.  Triggering seems
>>to make good sense when the AR and Point of Attachment (PoA) are
>>co-located, but when they are not it seems that you are just
>>reinventing RS/RA.  Compared to the host initiating the RS, you
>>save one store-and-forward time in the PoA, but that doesn't seem
>>like much of a saving for a new protocol.
> 
> 
> We have implemented the sending RS from AP while an MN is associating
> with it and found that the RA comes at MN faster than the cached RA
> sent from AP.  We have surprised with these results. It took ~700 micro 
> seconds  (0.7 ms) for an RA to reach MN from the completion of association.
> And it is very easy to implement.

I don't quite understand this.  How can sending an RS to the AR, getting
back an RA and then forwarding that RA to the MN be faster than just
forwarding a cached RA?  How much faster is it than the MN soliciting
itself?

> 
> We were sending RA from the Router kernel to MN MAC. We are sending RA
> from the router without random delay as AP sends unicast RS with TSLLAO 
> option.
> 
> A host can also send an RS but it may need to employ a some logic to avoid
> random delay.

Surely the same logic is needed for the AP or there would be collisions
if there are multiple routers on the link.

Cheers,
Brett.



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From: JinHyeock Choi <jinchoe@gmail.com>
Subject: Re: [DNA] Revised FRD (Fast Router Discovery) I-D
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Dear Brett

> I don't quite understand this.  How can sending an RS to the AR, getting
> back an RA and then forwarding that RA to the MN be faster than just
> forwarding a cached RA? 

We also have difficulty understanding this. But our guess is that 
the processing inside a box takes more time than we anticipated. 

> How much faster is it than the MN soliciting
> itself?

Main difference between MN soliciting and AP soliciting is that, 
with the latter, we can realize a scheme (similar to Hash based 
FastRA) in a simpler way. 

We can assume that an AP knows all the ARs in a link. 
So AP can send UNICAST RS (to remove random delay) 
and solicit ARs in turns (for load balancing). 

When a new host is attached to the AP, 
AP can sends an unicast RS to a chosen AR 
1) with unspecified source address 
2) with the host's MAC address in TSLLAO. 

Upon receiving the unicast RS,  
the AR can send an RA immediately 
(because it is solicited in unicast).
in unicast (using TSLLAO)  

Also AP take turns to solicit ARs, 
such as this time AR1 next time AR2 
to achieve load balancing. 

Hence no load balancing mechanism is needed 
in ARs. 

> Surely the same logic is needed for the AP or there would be collisions
> if there are multiple routers on the link.

Yes, AP needs some logic (but simpler one, in my opinion) and 
for hosts and routers, only TSLLAO is needed. 
Other than that there is nothing to change in them.  

How do you think of it? 

Best Regards

JinHyeock



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Erik -

I have a question and a comment.

What is your take on the likelihood of the number of  prefixes on the link being large so that they cannot fit in a single CompleteRA?

<snip>
> > So, let me bring #prefixes back instead of the complete bit, here is
> > what I propose when the prefixes don't fit in one RA:
> > 1) Divide the prefixes into groups with atleast one common prefix so
> > that each group will fit in a single RA.
> > 2) Set the #prefixes field in the DNAO to the total number of prefixes
> > (The semantics for this is "This is the number of prefixes on the link *I* know of").
> 
> I don't think #2 can work in a robust manner unless we apply normal 
> fragmentation/reassembly to such large RAs. And I don't think we need this complexity.

I think I know why you say this. Anyway, #1 is still needed in the draft - we should include this in the issues list.

thanks,
Sathya





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Date: Fri, 29 Jul 2005 13:49:44 +1000
From: Greg Daley <Greg.Daley@eng.monash.edu.au>
Subject: Re: [DNA] Revised FRD (Fast Router Discovery) I-D
Sender: owner-dna@ecselists.eng.monash.edu.au
To: JinHyeock Choi <jinchoe@gmail.com>
Cc: Brett Pentland <brett.pentland@eng.monash.edu.au>,
        Syam Madanapalli <smadanapalli@gmail.com>,
        Greg Daley <greg.daley@eng.monash.edu.au>, dna@eng.monash.edu.au
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Hi JinHyeock,

I've got my chair hat off and my blast goggles on:

It looks like you've been doing some welding...
----- Original Message -----
[cut]
> > How much faster is it than the MN soliciting
> > itself?
> 
> Main difference between MN soliciting and AP soliciting is that, 
> with the latter, we can realize a scheme (similar to Hash based 
> FastRA) in a simpler way. 
> 
> We can assume that an AP knows all the ARs in a link. 
> So AP can send UNICAST RS (to remove random delay) 
> and solicit ARs in turns (for load balancing). 

This would require (small) modification to RFC2461, as
routers mandatorily perform 0-500ms backoff, regardless
of the destination address of the RS.

Also, you definitely need modified routers, but I guess
that's handled by TSLLAO.

> When a new host is attached to the AP, 
> AP can sends an unicast RS to a chosen AR 
> 1) with unspecified source address 
> 2) with the host's MAC address in TSLLAO. 
> 
> Upon receiving the unicast RS,  
> the AR can send an RA immediately 
> (because it is solicited in unicast).
> in unicast (using TSLLAO)  
> 
> Also AP take turns to solicit ARs, 
> such as this time AR1 next time AR2 
> to achieve load balancing. 
> 
> Hence no load balancing mechanism is needed 
> in ARs. 

This is actually using the hackiest part of TSLLAO ;)
In some devices it won't be possible to modify the 
outbound MAC address of the packet on the router, but 
it seems in this environment, you could either discover
the ones which handle the TSLLAO, or mandate modified
routers.

Should we leave that part in the TSLLAO draft for
the moment then? :)

> > Surely the same logic is needed for the AP or there would be 
> > collisions if there are multiple routers on the link.
> 
> Yes, AP needs some logic (but simpler one, in my opinion) and 
> for hosts and routers, only TSLLAO is needed. 
> Other than that there is nothing to change in them. 
>
> How do you think of it? 

I think that if protocols were in a beauty contest, it would
be the ugliest cheetah around.

It's really not possible to tell how much simpler it is, though.
The APs need to track a list of all routers, some of which may
not be trusted at L3 (Do they do SEND?).  In each of the ARs,
the RA delivery scheme needs to be modified (TSLLAO w/o Ncache, 
Delay removal for Unicast RS).

In other schemes, ARs need to track other DNA routers. In
each of the ARs, modifications to the RA delivery scheme are
needed (TSLLAO, delay + scheduling modification, unicast response).

Greg 



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Date: Fri, 29 Jul 2005 09:19:33 +0530
From: Syam Madanapalli <syam@samsung.com>
Subject: Re: [DNA] Revised FRD (Fast Router Discovery) I-D
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Hi Greg,


> Hi Syam, 
> 
> ----- Original Message -----
> [cut]
>> 
>> We were sending RA from the Router kernel to MN MAC. We are 
>> sending RA from the router without random delay as AP sends
>> unicast RS with TSLLAO option.
> 
> Can I ask what the source address of the RS from the AP is?

We are using unspecified source address. The otherway way we thought
is to construct the link local address for the MN based on its MAC.

> 
> I am interested in which features of TSLLAO are being used.
> 
> Greg
> 
>



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Date: Fri, 29 Jul 2005 13:39:09 +0900
From: JinHyeock Choi <jinchoe@gmail.com>
Subject: Re: [DNA] Re: LinkID v.s. Landmark Prefix
In-reply-to: <6f53a86ef2c7.6ef2c76f53a8@monash.edu.au>
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        Erik Nordmark <erik.nordmark@sun.com>,
        Syam Madanapalli <syam@samsung.com>,
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Greg
 
> Link Identifiers
> ---------------------
> 
> A Host H, exists and moves around the Internet.
> 
> On an link unvisited by the host, Link L, a prefix, P is
> retracted by one of the routers Router1. Subsequent to this,
> the actual lowest prefix on the link is Prefix Q.
> 
> 
> Another router, Router2 fails to see the prefix retraction.
> (Perhaps RAs are lost, or Router1 didn't comply with
> section 6.2.6 of RFC2461).
> 
> The prefix is then reassigned within its previous
> lifetime to another link, link M, whose lowest prefix
> was prefix T.  Link M, has also not been visited by
> host H.
> 
> Link Identifiers are in use on both Link L and
> Link M.  On Link M, all routers advertise Prefix P
> as current LinkID and Prefix T as OldLinkID.
> 
> On Link L, Router2 advertises prefix P as Current LinkID.
> 
> If the host H arrives on Link L, it may receive
> Prefix P as LinkID even though it is no longer present
> on-link.  The host would configure Prefix Q (or a higher prefix)
> which is advertised in a PIO.
> 
> If the LinkID is not contradicted, for example if there are
> no other advertising routers left on the link, when the host
> moves to Link M, it will also receive an RA with prefix P as
> the Current LinkID.  The Old LinkID will be ignored (it hasn't
> been seen before).
> 
> In this case, no change will be detected upon arrival to
> link M, and the previous prefix will remain configured.

The above example gives a problem because a linkid prefix is 
reassigned to the other link within 3 hours. 

The draft recommends that a linkid prefix should not be reassigned
to other link within 3 hours. 

If network administrator follows the recommendation, such
a problem won't happen. So I don't think we need to worry about 
this problem.  

> I understand that LinkID is quite robust against change.
> 
> The point I originally was making was that while it is robust,
> All of the schemes are flawed to some extent.

I can't deny the possibility but don't think your example
showed such a flaw. The false detection comes from 
human error. 

Best Regards

JinHyeock



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Date: Fri, 29 Jul 2005 14:39:54 +1000
From: Greg Daley <Greg.Daley@eng.monash.edu.au>
Subject: Re: [DNA] Revised FRD (Fast Router Discovery) I-D
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To: Syam Madanapalli <syam@samsung.com>
Cc: Syam Madanapalli <smadanapalli@gmail.com>,
        Brett Pentland <brett.pentland@eng.monash.edu.au>,
        JinHyeock Choi <jinchoe@gmail.com>,
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Hi Syam,

----- Original Message -----
[cut]
> > Can I ask what the source address of the RS from the AP is?
> 
> We are using unspecified source address. The otherway way we thought
> is to construct the link local address for the MN based on its MAC.

No, you're doing it the better way (though it always seemed hacky
to have the TSLLAO in an unspecified source RS).

Some nodes won't ever configure an EUI-64 (they're not
SEND securable).

Greg




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Date: Fri, 29 Jul 2005 14:46:56 +1000
From: Greg Daley <Greg.Daley@eng.monash.edu.au>
Subject: Re: [DNA] Re: LinkID v.s. Landmark Prefix
Sender: owner-dna@ecselists.eng.monash.edu.au
To: JinHyeock Choi <jinchoe@gmail.com>
Cc: Subba Reddy <subbareddy@samsung.com>,
        Erik Nordmark <erik.nordmark@sun.com>,
        Syam Madanapalli <syam@samsung.com>,
        Brett Pentland <brett.pentland@eng.monash.edu.au>,
        greg.daley@eng.monash.edu.au, James Kempf <Kempf@docomolabs-usa.com>,
        Dna <dna@eng.monash.edu.au>
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Dear JinHyeock,

----- Original Message -----
[cut]
> > 
> > In this case, no change will be detected upon arrival to
> > link M, and the previous prefix will remain configured.
> 
> The above example gives a problem because a linkid prefix is 
> reassigned to the other link within 3 hours. 
> 
> The draft recommends that a linkid prefix should not be reassigned
> to other link within 3 hours. 
> 
> If network administrator follows the recommendation, such
> a problem won't happen. So I don't think we need to worry about 
> this problem.  

In None of the cases, is there an error unless there is
reassignment of the prefix within the lifetime of the 
RA, and the timeout of information over an interval
(?? don't know if it is 3 hours) has been previously 
described as a minor modification to both CompleteRA and
Landmarks. 

These were all assumed to apply the same technique.

So if we wait 3 hours, they are all equally robust
(perfectly so).  This is the common case with all
the examples presented thus far.

What has been discussed recently on list was precisely 
the issue of operators reassigning prefixes without
following recommendations.

If you believe this is not an important issue, we can
check if others think so too, and avoid inventing
cases for it.

Thanks for your help,

Greg




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Date: Fri, 29 Jul 2005 14:13:01 +0900
From: JinHyeock Choi <jinchoe@gmail.com>
Subject: Re: [DNA] Re: LinkID v.s. Landmark Prefix
In-reply-to: <743021744ce8.744ce8743021@monash.edu.au>
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        Erik Nordmark <erik.nordmark@sun.com>,
        Syam Madanapalli <syam@samsung.com>,
        Brett Pentland <brett.pentland@eng.monash.edu.au>,
        greg.daley@eng.monash.edu.au, James Kempf <Kempf@docomolabs-usa.com>,
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Greg 

> In None of the cases, is there an error unless there is
> reassignment of the prefix within the lifetime of the
> RA, and the timeout of information over an interval
> (?? don't know if it is 3 hours) has been previously
> described as a minor modification to both CompleteRA and
> Landmarks.
> 
> These were all assumed to apply the same technique.
> 
> So if we wait 3 hours, they are all equally robust
> (perfectly so).  This is the common case with all
> the examples presented thus far.

No, the above technique concerns only for "flash renumbering 
and early reassignment" but there were examples which were
not related to "flash renumbering and early reassignment".   

> What has been discussed recently on list was precisely
> the issue of operators reassigning prefixes without
> following recommendations.

The example I gave Erik has nothing to do with 
reassignment. 

I think you have a misconception. The synchronization issues 
raised so far don't concerns only "flash renubmering and early 
reassignment". They also deal with "flassping" or "Temporary 
lack of synchronization." 

Best Regards

JinHyeock



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Date: Fri, 29 Jul 2005 11:35:08 +0530
From: Syam Madanapalli <syam@samsung.com>
Subject: Re: [DNA] Revised FRD (Fast Router Discovery) I-D
Sender: owner-dna@ecselists.eng.monash.edu.au
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        JinHyeock Choi <jinchoe@gmail.com>
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        Syam Madanapalli <smadanapalli@gmail.com>,
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Hi Greg,


[cut]
>> 
>> We can assume that an AP knows all the ARs in a link. 
>> So AP can send UNICAST RS (to remove random delay) 
>> and solicit ARs in turns (for load balancing). 
> 
> This would require (small) modification to RFC2461, as
> routers mandatorily perform 0-500ms backoff, regardless
> of the destination address of the RS.

The random delay is to avoid simultaneos access to the medium,
in this case there is only one router that is sending an RA. However
all implementations may not do that, in such cases we need the 
modification.

> 
> Also, you definitely need modified routers, but I guess
> that's handled by TSLLAO.

Yes. Also TSLLAO is not required all the time, in such cases 
the router would send multicast RA.

> 
>> When a new host is attached to the AP, 
>> AP can sends an unicast RS to a chosen AR 
>> 1) with unspecified source address 
>> 2) with the host's MAC address in TSLLAO. 
>> 
>> Upon receiving the unicast RS,  
>> the AR can send an RA immediately 
>> (because it is solicited in unicast).
>> in unicast (using TSLLAO)  
>> 
>> Also AP take turns to solicit ARs, 
>> such as this time AR1 next time AR2 
>> to achieve load balancing. 
>> 
>> Hence no load balancing mechanism is needed 
>> in ARs. 
> 
> This is actually using the hackiest part of TSLLAO ;)
> In some devices it won't be possible to modify the 
> outbound MAC address of the packet on the router, but 
> it seems in this environment, you could either discover
> the ones which handle the TSLLAO, or mandate modified
> routers.
> 
> Should we leave that part in the TSLLAO draft for
> the moment then? :)
> 
>> > Surely the same logic is needed for the AP or there would be 
>> > collisions if there are multiple routers on the link.
>> 
>> Yes, AP needs some logic (but simpler one, in my opinion) and 
>> for hosts and routers, only TSLLAO is needed. 
>> Other than that there is nothing to change in them. 
>>
>> How do you think of it? 
> 
> I think that if protocols were in a beauty contest, it would
> be the ugliest cheetah around.
> 
> It's really not possible to tell how much simpler it is, though.
> The APs need to track a list of all routers, some of which may
> not be trusted at L3 (Do they do SEND?).  

APs either can be manually configured or can be learnt from RAs.
I am thinking that APs/Base Stations are more trustable nodes.
Are you saying the APs may be trustable at L2 but not at L3?
I do not know much about SEND, but I think it can be used if
required.

> In each of the ARs,
> the RA delivery scheme needs to be modified (TSLLAO w/o Ncache, 
> Delay removal for Unicast RS).
> 
> In other schemes, ARs need to track other DNA routers. In
> each of the ARs, modifications to the RA delivery scheme are
> needed (TSLLAO, delay + scheduling modification, unicast response).
> 
> Greg 
> 
>



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Date: Sat, 30 Jul 2005 00:46:36 +1000
From: Greg Daley <Greg.Daley@eng.monash.edu.au>
Subject: Re: [DNA] Revised FRD (Fast Router Discovery) I-D
Sender: owner-dna@ecselists.eng.monash.edu.au
To: Syam Madanapalli <syam@samsung.com>
Cc: JinHyeock Choi <jinchoe@gmail.com>,
        Brett Pentland <brett.pentland@eng.monash.edu.au>,
        Syam Madanapalli <smadanapalli@gmail.com>,
        Greg Daley <greg.daley@eng.monash.edu.au>, dna@eng.monash.edu.au
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Hi Syam, 

----- Original Message -----
[cut]
> > Also, you definitely need modified routers, but I guess
> > that's handled by TSLLAO.
> 
> Yes. Also TSLLAO is not required all the time, in such cases 
> the router would send multicast RA.

I think that it's OK for the router to send a multicast RA,
but it may be necessary to get a fast response from the router
to use TSLLAO in the RS, otherwise the response is at the 
mercy of the MIN_DELAY_BETWEEN_RAS interval.

[cut]
> > 
> > It's really not possible to tell how much simpler it is, though.
> > The APs need to track a list of all routers, some of which may
> > not be trusted at L3 (Do they do SEND?).  
> 
> APs either can be manually configured or can be learnt from RAs.
> I am thinking that APs/Base Stations are more trustable nodes.
> Are you saying the APs may be trustable at L2 but not at L3?
> I do not know much about SEND, but I think it can be used if
> required.

I was thinking the other way around: that the APs may need
to be able to trust the routers, in order to select appropriate
routers to solicit.

Also I don't think APs are trustable, except if there's a particular
reason to trust them - which could be described if need be (I was
concentrating on trust of ARs though so this may not be necessary).


Greg




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Date: Sat, 30 Jul 2005 00:55:11 +1000
From: Greg Daley <Greg.Daley@eng.monash.edu.au>
Subject: Re: [DNA] Re: LinkID v.s. Landmark Prefix
Sender: owner-dna@ecselists.eng.monash.edu.au
To: JinHyeock Choi <jinchoe@gmail.com>
Cc: Subba Reddy <subbareddy@samsung.com>,
        Erik Nordmark <erik.nordmark@sun.com>,
        Syam Madanapalli <syam@samsung.com>,
        Brett Pentland <brett.pentland@eng.monash.edu.au>,
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Hi JinHyeock,

I'll try to have a look back through the thread
at the other issues described (and particularly
the example mentioned below).  I may not respond
quickly due to the large number of messages on
this topic...

It would be good to see what the most critical
subset of issues regarding synchronization
are still contentious.  Hopefully it is smaller
than we originally thought.

If that's the case, we may be ablem to start a new
thread with just what is left (and make it easier
for people to see the remnant issues).

Does that sound like a plan?

Greg

----- Original Message -----
From: JinHyeock Choi <jinchoe@gmail.com>
Date: Friday, July 29, 2005 3:13 pm
Subject: Re: [DNA] Re: LinkID v.s. Landmark Prefix
> Greg 
> 
> > In None of the cases, is there an error unless there is
> > reassignment of the prefix within the lifetime of the
> > RA, and the timeout of information over an interval
> > (?? don't know if it is 3 hours) has been previously
> > described as a minor modification to both CompleteRA and
> > Landmarks.
> > 
> > These were all assumed to apply the same technique.
> > 
> > So if we wait 3 hours, they are all equally robust
> > (perfectly so).  This is the common case with all
> > the examples presented thus far.
> 
> No, the above technique concerns only for "flash renumbering 
> and early reassignment" but there were examples which were
> not related to "flash renumbering and early reassignment".   
> 
> > What has been discussed recently on list was precisely
> > the issue of operators reassigning prefixes without
> > following recommendations.
> 
> The example I gave Erik has nothing to do with 
> reassignment. 
> 
> I think you have a misconception. The synchronization issues 
> raised so far don't concerns only "flash renubmering and early 
> reassignment". They also deal with "flassping" or "Temporary 
> lack of synchronization." 
> 
> Best Regards
> 
> JinHyeock
> 



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Date: Fri, 29 Jul 2005 07:52:51 -0700
From: Erik Nordmark <erik.nordmark@sun.com>
Subject: Re: [DNA] Re: Flash renumbering
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Sathya Narayanan wrote:
> Erik -
> 
> I have a question and a comment.
> 
> What is your take on the likelihood of the number of  prefixes on the
> link being large so that they cannot fit in a single CompleteRA?

Two different answers:
I guess the probability is 1.0 that somebody somewhere will configure
such a link.

I guess that this will be very unlikely in common operations, thus the
probability of a link selected at random will have such a large number
of prefixes could be very small. (As we understand it today, multiple
prefixes help with graceful renumbering, and are used in scalable
multihoming, but I don't today see an argument for this resulting in
more than a handful of prefixes.)

> I think I know why you say this. Anyway, #1 is still needed in the
> draft - we should include this in the issues list.

ok

    Erik




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Date: Sat, 30 Jul 2005 05:39:59 +1000
From: Greg Daley <Greg.Daley@eng.monash.edu.au>
Subject: [DNA] Link Identification Scheme Comparison Powerpoint slides
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Hi, 

Here is a comparison of the different Link Identification features
available in draft-pentland-dna-protocol and draft-jinchoi-dna-
protocol2

It's aimed at providing a feature distinction, although there are
also a couple of outstanding issues to be considered separately.

http://www.ctie.monash.edu.au/dna/DNASolnComparison_28July2005.ppt

Greg



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From: JinHyeock Choi <jinchoe@gmail.com>
Subject: [DNA] Re: LinkID v.s. Landmark Prefix
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Erik 

> ok
> But when taking that draft, what guarantees can you provide when you 
> need to use a combination of linkID and CPL/completeRA?
> You end up with these combinations when
> 1. Some but not all routers on the link are new (i.e., are doing linkID)
> 2. The host moves to/from a link where not all routers on the link are new
> My gut feel is that there are many places where you have to defer to 
> prefix comparisons, and if the prefix list you are comparing against is 
> based on CPL, then you have the CPL problem of needing reliably 'link 
> up' indications. But I haven't worked through all the cases to see if 
> this is indeed the case, or whether we can do better. 

If a host has 1) a linkid and 2) receives an RA with the prefix with I-bit set, 
it can make a decision properly. So even in the above two cases, hosts
may satisfy these two conditions to properly check for link change without 
resorting to prefix comparison. 

But if either of two conditions is not satisfied, the host need to fall back
on CPL. In this case, we need reliable "Link UP" indication.  

> So assume that linkA has R1 which uses linkID, and R2 which does not.
> linkB has R3 which does not implement linkID.
> 
> A host H is on linkB and moves to linkA.
> Assume H receives the RA from R2 before the RA from R1. How can it tell 
> whether it should assume that R2 is on the same link as R3, or not? 
 
H should use CPL because it doesn't have any linkid prefix. 

> When it receives the RA from R2, the only thing it can rely on is the 
> link up notification (R3 and R3 do not advertise any common prefixes), 
> since R2 and R3 could be two old routers that are on the same link and 
> announce disjoint prefixes.

It's not clear to me. What can Link UP say to host H? It can't 
say anything definite about whether link change happens or not. 

> Thus link up is at least needed "temporarily"; once the RA from R1 
> arrives (which includes all the prefixes for linkA I assume), then the 
> host can tell that the prefixes it got from R3 are really not on the new 
> link; but until that RA is receives the host needs to rely on the link up.

I still don't understand what kind of information can Link Up 
can provide to H. 

> Do you see a way around this?

Sorry, I still don't catch the problem clearly. 

This is what I have in mind. 

After H moves from LinkB to LinkA, it receives a hint for 
a possible link change. 

To make Link UP presence the smallest, I assume H used 
the lack of RA from R3 as a hint. H missed 3 RAs from R3
and came to suspect a link change. 

Because H doesn't have a linkid prefix, it needs to use CPL. 
So H activates CPL module and sends an RS. 

Because H relies on CPL in this case, it needs Link UP. 

Best Regards

JinHyeock



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From: JinHyeock Choi <jinchoe@gmail.com>
Subject: Re: [DNA] [Issue X] LinkID v.s. Landmark Prefix
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Dear Erik

> > ok. From now on, I will use the term "flapping" only in the sense you
> > describes.
> >
> > For the more general case I presented, I will use the term 'LOS (Lack
> > of Synchronization). Is it ok?
> 
> ok, but see below.
> Also, I don't think "out of synch" can be determined in a distributed
> system, since there is always a non-zero delay. Hence if R1 sends a RA
> and R2 and R3 receives it, an observer can't tell which or R2 and R3
> updated the prefix list first (or whether they did it at exactly the
> same time).

This is intriguing. I didn't think "out of synch" in a distributed system 
point of view. Rather I naively assumed Newtonian absolute time and  
an omniscient observer. Let me think it over more. 

> > ok. I think it's also important that DNA solution cope gracefully with
> > more general case of  temporary LOS (Lack of Synchronization). If
> > DNA solution can deal with LOS, I think it can deal with flapping
> > automatically.
> 
> I don't see using the LOS term as helpful here.
> LOS captures the case when router1's list of prefixes is out of date
> with router2's two list of prefixes, even if only for a nanosecond.
> 
> What matters is the sequence of events that are observable.

I am wondering whether LOS (at least the ones which cause problems)
always entails flapping. This also let me think over more.  

Best Regards

JinHyeock



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From: JinHyeock Choi <jinchoe@gmail.com>
Subject: Re: [DNA] Re: LinkID v.s. Landmark Prefix
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Greg 

> It would be good to see what the most critical
> subset of issues regarding synchronization
> are still contentious.  Hopefully it is smaller
> than we originally thought.
> 
> If that's the case, we may be ablem to start a new
> thread with just what is left (and make it easier
> for people to see the remnant issues).

ok. Also I wish we make it clear how Landmark/ CompleteRA 
checks for link change. For example, Erik proposed that 
a known prefix in an RA would overrule the NO in Landmark
option. But that is not reflected in the draft. 

Thanks for your kind consideration. 

Best Regards

JinHyeock



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Date: Sat, 30 Jul 2005 09:06:25 +1000
From: Greg Daley <Greg.Daley@eng.monash.edu.au>
Subject: Re: [DNA] Re: LinkID v.s. Landmark Prefix
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Hi JinHyeock, 

----- Original Message -----
[cut]
> 
> ok. Also I wish we make it clear how Landmark/ CompleteRA 
> checks for link change. For example, Erik proposed that 
> a known prefix in an RA would overrule the NO in Landmark
> option. But that is not reflected in the draft. 

The issue and resolution was raised after the draft cut-off.

I think Brett is travelling now, but I'll ask him to make
a new issue to track this at:

http://ctieware.eng.monash.edu.au/twiki/bin/view/DNA/DNASolution1

Greg.



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Date: Sat, 30 Jul 2005 12:57:53 +0530
From: Subba Reddy <subbareddy@samsung.com>
Subject: Re: [DNA] Info: Computation Time/Space requirements for Link
 Identification schemes
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Hi Greg,

It is good to see all the time/space requirements at one place.

I have few questions and comments.

>
> Greg
>
> Parameters:
> -----------
>
> P   number of distinct prefixes on a link
> p_r number of distinct prefixes received in pios from router r
> l_r number 0of learned prefixes received in pios from router r
> N   number of links visited recently.
>
>
>
> Discussion of issues and assumptions:
> -------------------------------------
>
> Schemes are described with individual sub components,
> as well as when combined in compound solutions (as proposed
> in drafts).  This made building the analysis easier.
>
> Proposed schemes from the drafts are marked as: **** (Proposed Scheme)
>
> Ignores number of routers on link

I think, if we consider no. of routers on link, then for each RS
1. In Landmark method, all the routers in the link needs to compare the
landmark prefix
    with the DNAPrefix List.
2. In LinkID method, routers just sends RAs, so no comaprision is required
at the router side.


<cut>
>
>
>
> Router Side storage and processing requirements.
> ================================================
>
> CompleteRA:
> -----------
> Additional Storage: O(P) keep DNAPrefixList
>
> RA build time: O(P) traverse DNAPrefixList.
>
> RA processing: O(p_r) insertion of prefixes into hash table.
>
> Timers: 1 Expiry timer (callback or operation based)
>
>
> Prefix Landmarks:
> -----------------
> Additional Storage: O(P) keep DNAprefixlist
>
> RA build time: O(1) comparison of landmark with DNAPrefixList.

I don't know, which complexity (best case or average case or worst case?)
you have considered.
As per my understanding,
        Best case complexity is O(1) as you have mentioned.
        Average and Worst case complexities are O(P).

Please correct me, if anything is wrong.

>
> RA processing: O(p_r) insertion of prefixes into hash table.
>
> Timers: 1 Expiry timer (callback or operation based)
>
>
> CompleteRA+PrefixLandmarks **** (Proposed Scheme)
> -------------------------------------------------
> Additional Storage: O(P) keep DNAprefixlist
>
> RA build time: O(1) comparison of landmark with DNAPrefixList.
>                OR
>                O(P) traverse DNAPrefixList.
>
>
> RA processing: O(p_r) insertion of prefixes into hash table.
>
> Timers: 1 Expiry timer (callback or operation based)
>
>
>
> Prefix LinkID  **** (Proposed Scheme):
> ---------------------------------------
> Additional Storage: O(1) keep LinkID and Old LinkID

I think storage requirement is O(P). If LinkID prefix is removed from
the link, routers need to select the next smaller prefix from prefix list.

I think, here also, if you have considered only the cases, where LinkID
will not change, O(1) is fine.

>
> RA Build time: O(1) selection of LinkID and Old LinkID
>
>
> RA Processing: O(p_r) comparison of each prefix with LinkID
>

I think, this is O(1) because, only linkID in the RA needs to be compared
with the LinkID at the host.

> Timers: 1 expiry timer (callback or operation based)
>
>
> Unmodified RFC 2461 Routers:
> ----------------------------
> Additional Storage: zero
>
> RA Build time: O(1) (add pio processing time for own prefixes)
>
> RA processing: O(1) (RA consistency checks)
>                OR
>                zero
>
> Timers: 0 or 1 expiry timer (prefix retraction)
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
> Host Side storage and processing requirements.
> ==============================================
>
> CompleteRA:
> -----------
> Storage: O(P) Prefix List of distinct prefixes on link
>
> RA Processing: O(P) = O(p_r+l_r) storage of prefixes in prefix list.
>
> RS build time: O(1), normal RS.
>                OR
>                zero, no RS.
>
> Learning time: 1 message
>
>
> Prefix Landmark:
> ----------------
> Storage: O(1) landmark prefix (minimum)
>          O(P) prefix list (maximum/robust).
>
> RA Processing: O(1) landmark inpsection
>
> RS build time: O(1), normal RS + selected landmark.
>
> Learning time: 1 message
>
>
> CompleteRA+Prefix Landmark **** (Proposed Scheme  -- see below for CPL):
> --------------------------------------------------
> Storage: O(P) Prefix List of distinct prefixes on link
>
> RA Processing: O(1)landmark inspection
>                or
>                O(P) storage of prefixes in prefix list.
>
> RS build time: O(1), normal RS.
>                OR
>                O(1), normal RS + selected landmark
>                OR
>                zero, no RS.
>
> Learning time: 1 message ( more if Landmark:"NO" is incomplete)
>
>
>
>
> Prefix LinkID **** (Proposed Scheme  -- see below for CPL):
> -------------------------------------
> Storage: O(1) Prefix LinkID (minimum)
>          O(N) set of linkIDs received recently on different IP links.
>

I think, here N is the number of different LinkIDs (if at all) advertised in
the last 1.5hrs
on the link.

>
> RA Processing: O(1) LinkID inspection, comparison to recent LinkIDs.
>
> RS build time: O(1), normal RS.
>                OR
>                zero, no RS.
>
> Learning time: 1 message.
>

<cut>

Thanks & Regards,
Subba Reddy




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Date: Sat, 30 Jul 2005 22:53:25 +1000
From: Greg Daley <Greg.Daley@eng.monash.edu.au>
Subject: Re: [DNA] Info: Computation Time/Space requirements for Link
 Identification schemes
Sender: owner-dna@ecselists.eng.monash.edu.au
To: Subba Reddy <subbareddy@samsung.com>
Cc: dna@eng.monash.edu.au, syam.madanpalli@samsung.com, jinchoe@gmail.com
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Hi Subba,

Thanks for your analysis.  I've asked the draft authors
for further clarification on the points you've raised.

If you've got a reference to the text which indicates what
you meant, we may be able to clear it up ourselves.

----- Original Message -----
[cut]
> 
> I think, if we consider no. of routers on link, then for each RS
> 1. In Landmark method, all the routers in the link needs to 
> compare the
> landmark prefix
>    with the DNAPrefix List.
> 2. In LinkID method, routers just sends RAs, so no comaprision is 
> requiredat the router side.

Yes, this is the O(1) operation - hash table lookup for 
Landmark and for CompleteRA.  This is constant time.

It is also constant time to just send the RA in LinkID,
as it has to lookup the LinkID (one operartion or two
operations, if you include OldLinkID).


[cut]
> > Prefix Landmarks:
> > -----------------
> > Additional Storage: O(P) keep DNAprefixlist
> >
> > RA build time: O(1) comparison of landmark with DNAPrefixList.
> 
> I don't know, which complexity (best case or average case or worst 
> case?)you have considered.
> As per my understanding,
>        Best case complexity is O(1) as you have mentioned.
>        Average and Worst case complexities are O(P).

I'm looking at average case complexity.  With a fair sized hash
table, this is what you get.  Of course there are pathological
cases with badly built hashes, or small tables which are worse. 
Worst case therefore degenerates to linear, but you'd practically
never get it if there was a well distributed hash, and the
collision probabilities for a particular value were low enough.

This is fairly well known for hash tables.

[cut]
> >
> > Prefix LinkID  **** (Proposed Scheme):
> > ---------------------------------------
> > Additional Storage: O(1) keep LinkID and Old LinkID
> 
> I think storage requirement is O(P). If LinkID prefix is removed from
> the link, routers need to select the next smaller prefix from 
> prefix list.
> 
> I think, here also, if you have considered only the cases, where 
> LinkIDwill not change, O(1) is fine.

This is mentioned in the assumptions at the top.  I guess
that if there's only going to be one prefix removed in a period,
the next smaller prefix is all that's required. In the general
case though, O(P) is correct.

> >
> > RA Build time: O(1) selection of LinkID and Old LinkID
> >
> >
> > RA Processing: O(p_r) comparison of each prefix with LinkID
> >
> 
> I think, this is O(1) because, only linkID in the RA needs to be 
> comparedwith the LinkID at the host.

No actually, the learned component of the RA isn't inspected,
for robustness sake (described in the draft: Syam or JinHyeock may
also correct me on this).  This means all the PIOs need to be checked.


[cut]
> >
> > Prefix LinkID **** (Proposed Scheme  -- see below for CPL):
> > -------------------------------------
> > Storage: O(1) Prefix LinkID (minimum)
> >          O(N) set of linkIDs received recently on different IP 
> links.>
> 
> I think, here N is the number of different LinkIDs (if at all) 
> advertised in the last 1.5hrs on the link.


Actually, I think this is the number of prefixes known on the 
host:

From section 1.3:

Paragraph4:
"...the hosts track the list of linkid prefixes they've
   received in the last 1.5 hours to generate "the linkid prefix list
   (LinkidPrefixList)".

Perhaps, there is confusion, because in most cases, the 
LinkIDPrefixList
is cleared out by the host each time it moves link

Is this the current thinking?

In that case, then the maximum size is P, but the mean size
is much lower (typically 1).





I'll update the description of the assumptions  with the ideas
mentioned here.

Greg



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Date: Sat, 30 Jul 2005 09:55:32 -0700
From: Erik Nordmark <erik.nordmark@sun.com>
Subject: [DNA] Re: LinkID v.s. Landmark Prefix
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JinHyeock Choi wrote:

> If a host has 1) a linkid and 2) receives an RA with the prefix with I-bit set, 
> it can make a decision properly. So even in the above two cases, hosts
> may satisfy these two conditions to properly check for link change without 
> resorting to prefix comparison. 
> 
> But if either of two conditions is not satisfied, the host need to fall back
> on CPL. In this case, we need reliable "Link UP" indication.  

ok

>>When it receives the RA from R2, the only thing it can rely on is the 
>>link up notification (R3 and R3 do not advertise any common prefixes), 
>>since R2 and R3 could be two old routers that are on the same link and 
>>announce disjoint prefixes.
> 
> 
> It's not clear to me. What can Link UP say to host H? It can't 
> say anything definite about whether link change happens or not. 

Link UP indicates to the host that the RA from R3 and R2 could come from 
different links.
If we want something which doesn't rely on link UP, the host has to 
always treat each RA as potentially being from a different link, which 
would be problematic when
1) the routers don't have a common prefix, and
2) the routers don't support DNA
because in the absence of relying on a link UP in this case, the host 
will end up assuming that each time it receives a RA, it has moved to a 
different link.

> After H moves from LinkB to LinkA, it receives a hint for 
> a possible link change. 
> 
> To make Link UP presence the smallest, I assume H used 
> the lack of RA from R3 as a hint. H missed 3 RAs from R3
> and came to suspect a link change. 

But that would take 90 minutes by default, since the periodic RAs arrive 
with 30 minute average interval.

Or are you suggesting that the host should always send 3 RSes when it 
receives a link UP, so that it can use this to retire any old prefixes?
In any case, I think that is orthogonal to whether or not we can come up 
with a scheme which works reliably even when there are no link UP 
notifications, for mixed links as well as links with no DNA capable routers.

> Because H doesn't have a linkid prefix, it needs to use CPL. 
> So H activates CPL module and sends an RS. 
> 
> Because H relies on CPL in this case, it needs Link UP. 

So it seems like until every link in the Internet supports DNA (it isn't 
clear to me whether all routers on every link needs to support DNA, or 
whether it is sufficient to have one per link support it), then the 
hosts MUST rely on a reliable link up notification in order to always be 
able to detect movement. Is that correct?

    Erik




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Date: Sat, 30 Jul 2005 15:27:42 -0400
From: Sathya Narayanan <sathya@research.panasonic.com>
Subject: Re: [DNA] Re: LinkID v.s. Landmark Prefix
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To: Erik Nordmark <erik.nordmark@sun.com>
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        Brett Pentland <brett.pentland@eng.monash.edu.au>,
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Erik -

> So it seems like until every link in the Internet supports DNA (it isn't 
> clear to me whether all routers on every link needs to support DNA, or 
> whether it is sufficient to have one per link support it),
It isn't clear to me either. But, IMHO, we should select a solution which works well in a link with both DNA and non-DNA routers.

> then the hosts MUST rely on a reliable link up notification in order to always be 
> able to detect movement. Is that correct?
We discussed this when the comparison slide sent by Greg was prepared. A CompleteRA message from the DNA router can tie all the prefixes on the link together and hence the host need not depend on link-up notification. Also, with prefix-landmark, if the host sends an RS with a prefix advertised by a non-DNA router, a DNA router will still confirm the prefix's presence on the link.

- Sathya 




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Date: Sun, 31 Jul 2005 10:40:14 +0530
From: Subba Reddy <subbareddy@samsung.com>
Subject: Re: [DNA] Info: Computation Time/Space requirements for Link
 Identification schemes
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Hi Greg,


> [cut]
> >
> > I think, if we consider no. of routers on link, then for each RS
> > 1. In Landmark method, all the routers in the link needs to
> > compare the
> > landmark prefix
> >    with the DNAPrefix List.
> > 2. In LinkID method, routers just sends RAs, so no comaprision is
> > requiredat the router side.
>
> Yes, this is the O(1) operation - hash table lookup for
> Landmark and for CompleteRA.  This is constant time.
>
> It is also constant time to just send the RA in LinkID,
> as it has to lookup the LinkID (one operartion or two
> operations, if you include OldLinkID).
>

ok.

>
> [cut]
> > > Prefix Landmarks:
> > > -----------------
> > > Additional Storage: O(P) keep DNAprefixlist
> > >
> > > RA build time: O(1) comparison of landmark with DNAPrefixList.
> >
> > I don't know, which complexity (best case or average case or worst
> > case?)you have considered.
> > As per my understanding,
> >        Best case complexity is O(1) as you have mentioned.
> >        Average and Worst case complexities are O(P).
>
> I'm looking at average case complexity.  With a fair sized hash
> table, this is what you get.  Of course there are pathological
> cases with badly built hashes, or small tables which are worse.
> Worst case therefore degenerates to linear, but you'd practically
> never get it if there was a well distributed hash, and the
> collision probabilities for a particular value were low enough.
>
> This is fairly well known for hash tables.
>

True. For a well distributed hash, O(1) is fine.

> [cut]
> > >
> > > Prefix LinkID  **** (Proposed Scheme):
> > > ---------------------------------------
> > > Additional Storage: O(1) keep LinkID and Old LinkID
> >
> > I think storage requirement is O(P). If LinkID prefix is removed from
> > the link, routers need to select the next smaller prefix from
> > prefix list.
> >
> > I think, here also, if you have considered only the cases, where
> > LinkIDwill not change, O(1) is fine.
>
> This is mentioned in the assumptions at the top.  I guess
> that if there's only going to be one prefix removed in a period,
> the next smaller prefix is all that's required. In the general
> case though, O(P) is correct.
>

fine.

> > >
> > > RA Build time: O(1) selection of LinkID and Old LinkID
> > >
> > >
> > > RA Processing: O(p_r) comparison of each prefix with LinkID
> > >
> >
> > I think, this is O(1) because, only linkID in the RA needs to be
> > comparedwith the LinkID at the host.

From Section 4.2 (4th paragraph) of the LinkID draft(00/01)

"
   When a host with a linkid prefix receives an RA, whether solicited or
   unsolicited, that includes a prefix with I-bit set, the host compares
   its LinkidPrefixList with the set of prefixes in the RA.
"

Host compares, its LinkID (stored in LinkIDPrefixList) with the LinkID
advertised in RA (i.e, the prefix with I bit set. This prefix can be
learned prefix or router's own prefix).
So, only one comarision is required if the LinkIDPrefixList consists of
only one prefix (Most of the time LinkIDPrefixList consists of only one
prefix).

So, I think it is O(1).

>
> No actually, the learned component of the RA isn't inspected,
> for robustness sake (described in the draft: Syam or JinHyeock may
> also correct me on this).  This means all the PIOs need to be checked.
>

Routers will not consider the learned prefixes for the robustness sake, but
not the hosts.

From Section 3.2 (4th paragraph) of the LinkID draft(01),

"
   From the received RAs, the router extracts only the valid prefixes in
   PIO and generate the "learned prefix list (LearnedPrefixList)".
"

From Section 3.2 (last paragraph) of the LinkID draft(01),

"
   Take notice that, for prefix list generation, a router only takes the
   prefixes in PIO into consideratoin.
"

>
> [cut]
> > >
> > > Prefix LinkID **** (Proposed Scheme  -- see below for CPL):
> > > -------------------------------------
> > > Storage: O(1) Prefix LinkID (minimum)
> > >          O(N) set of linkIDs received recently on different IP
> > links.>
> >
> > I think, here N is the number of different LinkIDs (if at all)
> > advertised in the last 1.5hrs on the link.
>
>
> Actually, I think this is the number of prefixes known on the
> host:
>

Most of the time LinkIDPrefixList consists of only one prefix i.e, LinkID.
If LinkID of the link changes, because of addition/deletion of prefixes,
then
LinkIDPrefixList can contain more than 1 prefix.

> From section 1.3:
>
> Paragraph4:
> "...the hosts track the list of linkid prefixes they've
>    received in the last 1.5 hours to generate "the linkid prefix list
>    (LinkidPrefixList)".
>
> Perhaps, there is confusion, because in most cases, the
> LinkIDPrefixList
> is cleared out by the host each time it moves link
>
> Is this the current thinking?

True. If a host changes its link, it will clear the LinkIDPrefixList.

>
> In that case, then the maximum size is P, but the mean size
> is much lower (typically 1).

True. I also think O(1) is fine.

Thanks & Regards,
Subba Reddy




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Date: Sun, 31 Jul 2005 23:38:12 +1000
From: Greg Daley <Greg.Daley@eng.monash.edu.au>
Subject: Re: [DNA] Info: Computation Time/Space requirements for Link
 Identification schemes
Sender: owner-dna@ecselists.eng.monash.edu.au
To: Subba Reddy <subbareddy@samsung.com>
Cc: dna@eng.monash.edu.au, JinHyeock Choi <jinchoe@gmail.com>,
        Syam Madanapalli <smadanapalli@gmail.com>
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Hi Subba,

I think we're oscillating towards resolution.

----- Original Message ----- 
> > > >
> > > > RA Build time: O(1) selection of LinkID and Old LinkID
> > > >
> > > >
> > > > RA Processing: O(p_r) comparison of each prefix with LinkID
> > > >
> > >
> > > I think, this is O(1) because, only linkID in the RA needs to be
> > > comparedwith the LinkID at the host.
> 
> From Section 4.2 (4th paragraph) of the LinkID draft(00/01)
> 
> "
>   When a host with a linkid prefix receives an RA, whether 
>   solicited or unsolicited, that includes a prefix with
>   I-bit set, the host compares its LinkidPrefixList with the
>   set of prefixes in the RA.
> "
> 
> Host compares, its LinkID (stored in LinkIDPrefixList) with the 
LinkID
> advertised in RA (i.e, the prefix with I bit set. This prefix can be
> learned prefix or router's own prefix).
> So, only one comarision is required if the LinkIDPrefixList 
> consists of only one prefix (Most of the time LinkIDPrefixList
> consists of only one prefix).
> 
> So, I think it is O(1).

OK. I get your point.

Thinking about it another way though, each PIO and LPIO has to be
checked for the LinkID flag, and then that LinkID has to be compared
with the stored LinkID.

> >
> > No actually, the learned component of the RA isn't inspected,
> > for robustness sake (described in the draft: Syam or JinHyeock may
> > also correct me on this).  This means all the PIOs need to be 
> checked.>
> 
> Routers will not consider the learned prefixes for the robustness 
> sake, but not the hosts.
> 
> From Section 3.2 (4th paragraph) of the LinkID draft(01),
> 
> "
>   From the received RAs, the router extracts only the valid 
>   prefixes in PIO and generate the "learned prefix list
>   (LearnedPrefixList).
> "
>
>
> From Section 3.2 (last paragraph) of the LinkID draft(01),
> 
> "
>   Take notice that, for prefix list generation, a router only 
>   takes the prefixes in PIO into consideratoin.
> "

Thanks for the references. I'll check this out further.

> >
> > [cut]
> > > >
> > > > Prefix LinkID **** (Proposed Scheme  -- see below for CPL):
> > > > -------------------------------------
> > > > Storage: O(1) Prefix LinkID (minimum)
> > > >          O(N) set of linkIDs received recently on different IP
> > > links.>
> > >
> > > I think, here N is the number of different LinkIDs (if at all)
> > > advertised in the last 1.5hrs on the link.
> >
> >
> > Actually, I think this is the number of prefixes known on the
> > host:
> >
> 
> Most of the time LinkIDPrefixList consists of only one prefix i.e, 
> LinkID.If LinkID of the link changes, because of addition/deletion 
> of prefixes, then LinkIDPrefixList can contain more than 1 prefix.

OK this is worth noting in the assumptions.


> > From section 1.3:
> >
> > Paragraph4:
> > "...the hosts track the list of linkid prefixes they've
> >    received in the last 1.5 hours to generate "the linkid prefix 
> list>    (LinkidPrefixList)".
> >
> > Perhaps, there is confusion, because in most cases, the
> > LinkIDPrefixList
> > is cleared out by the host each time it moves link
> >
> > Is this the current thinking?
> 
> True. If a host changes its link, it will clear the LinkIDPrefixList.
> 
> >
> > In that case, then the maximum size is P, but the mean size
> > is much lower (typically 1).
> 
> True. I also think O(1) is fine.

OK, I'll mention O(1), but also note the assumption as described above.

Greg 



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From: "Bound, Jim" <Jim.Bound@hp.com>
Subject: [DNA] Landmark vs Link-ID prefix solution
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I have tried to pereceive implementation pain and advantage from both
Landmark and Link-ID views, and the complexity of the code and
extensions required.  I think this gets into the time vs. space issues
we faced looking at OSI ES-IS vs ARP when defining ND years ago, only a
much harder technical problem (I think its up there with SHIM6 work).  I
see similar positions and debates.  Most of the mail for me has not been
helpful to sway me one way or the other yet.  It has shown me neither is
complete yet. What I like about Landmark it is a pure extension to ND
for IPv6, but what I don't like nor can support at least right now is
modifying the current RA.  Doing that is not good and I would at least
like to see means to enhance or form new RA for particpating Landmark
hosts and routers.  What I like about the Link-ID is I believe it will
converge quickly for one of my hot buttons for mobility and that is mesh
networks (note not MANETs and I can get into the diff offline "only"
with others, per Greg's mail to keep the focus here).  I intend to do in
depth technical review of both and ask some folks I know out of the IETF
building mobile networks now for products with MIPv6 who want to be
anonymous to help me review it as ghost persons, and I am building some
to of course, so I have a bias clearly.  Possibly there is a compromise
and integration of ideas here.

What I empatically do not agree with is James K's statement that we
should stop work on Link-ID because it may use up a bit more time and
white paper space than Landmark.  That is not an engineering argument or
technical rationale, but false bravado at this point I will assume for
time-to-market reasons.  I agree with need to ship something, but this
is serious stuff, and unless Greg tells me we don't have more time I
assume we can get this right?

I am assuming on both sides of the architectures is that there is no IPR
from any company as authors on either of these solutions?  If there is
and I missed it in the specs, and I will check again, please speak up
now and tell us you have patents on what your proposing.  This has to
stop in the IETF and will probably kill CGA and other ideas that may
never get widely used in the market.  Most of us are quite sick of it
and I consider it dishonorable if not presented up front immediately.

/jim



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Jim

> What I empatically do not agree with is James K's statement that we
> should stop work on Link-ID because it may use up a bit more time and
> white paper space than Landmark.  That is not an engineering argument or
> technical rationale, but false bravado at this point I will assume for
> time-to-market reasons.  I agree with need to ship something, but this
> is serious stuff, and unless Greg tells me we don't have more time I
> assume we can get this right?
>

I think I might not have been clear. What I intended to say was that I think
backward compatibility is more important than whether one or another
protocol has a few extra bytes. It sounds like that is what you are
concerned with too.
 Or are you saying that you think size/time is more important?

            jak





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Date: Sun, 31 Jul 2005 15:19:54 -0400
From: "Bound, Jim" <Jim.Bound@hp.com>
Subject: RE: [DNA] Landmark vs Link-ID prefix solution
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To: James Kempf <Kempf@docomolabs-usa.com>
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James, I do agree backwards compatibility is important and unless
something is awfully good then I cannot see breaking code.  Ergo both do
that too currently.

thanks
/jim 

> -----Original Message-----
> From: James Kempf [mailto:Kempf@docomolabs-usa.com] 
> Sent: Sunday, July 31, 2005 1:16 PM
> To: Bound, Jim; dna@eng.monash.edu.au
> Subject: Re: [DNA] Landmark vs Link-ID prefix solution
> 
> Jim
> 
> > What I empatically do not agree with is James K's statement that we
> > should stop work on Link-ID because it may use up a bit 
> more time and
> > white paper space than Landmark.  That is not an 
> engineering argument or
> > technical rationale, but false bravado at this point I will 
> assume for
> > time-to-market reasons.  I agree with need to ship 
> something, but this
> > is serious stuff, and unless Greg tells me we don't have more time I
> > assume we can get this right?
> >
> 
> I think I might not have been clear. What I intended to say 
> was that I think
> backward compatibility is more important than whether one or another
> protocol has a few extra bytes. It sounds like that is what you are
> concerned with too.
>  Or are you saying that you think size/time is more important?
> 
>             jak
> 
> 
> 



From dna-owner@webcamserver.eng.monash.edu.au Sun Jul 31 16:39:22 2005
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From: Greg Daley <greg.daley@eng.monash.edu.au>
Subject: Re: [DNA] Landmark vs Link-ID prefix solution
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Hi Jim,

Bound, Jim wrote:
[cut]
> I see similar positions and debates.  Most of the mail for me has not been
> helpful to sway me one way or the other yet.  It has shown me neither is
> complete yet.

Actually, I see things differently.

In my personal opinion, most of the e-mails have been trying
very hard to differentiate the protocols.  Possibly we've been
trying too hard - and that doesn't help people reading the threads.

I guess this gives the impression that the protocol work is incomplete.
Rather, I think the solutions may end up being over-engineered if
we try to handle each of the smallest corner cases (just to show
one as better than another).

Given that we have two protocols which achieve primarily the same
outcome (both have running code), what I think we need now
is to generate a quick comparison (currently under development),
show the WG the solutions and their summarized properties, and
make a consensus call.

[cut]
 > I intend to do in depth technical review of both and ask some folks
 > I know out of the IETF building mobile networks now for products with
> MIPv6 who want to be anonymous to help me review it as ghost persons,
 > and I am building some to of course, so I have a bias clearly.
 > Possibly there is a compromise and integration of ideas here.

Yes there's a compromise possible, but I think we should look at
whether either is acceptable to the WG.  Your review would be
particularly welcome.  Thursday may help clarify which document to
review (but it may take a couple of weeks to get the consensus call
comleted, if there's no clear sense of the room).

> What I empatically do not agree with is James K's statement that we
> should stop work on Link-ID because it may use up a bit more time and
> white paper space than Landmark.  That is not an engineering argument or
> technical rationale, but false bravado at this point I will assume for
> time-to-market reasons.  I agree with need to ship something, but this
> is serious stuff, and unless Greg tells me we don't have more time I
> assume we can get this right?

Personally, I'd like to get the WG document drafted in the coming
month, so we've got a chance to get the documents finished this year.


> I am assuming on both sides of the architectures is that there is no IPR
> from any company as authors on either of these solutions?  If there is
> and I missed it in the specs, and I will check again, please speak up
> now and tell us you have patents on what your proposing.  This has to
> stop in the IETF and will probably kill CGA and other ideas that may
> never get widely used in the market.  Most of us are quite sick of it
> and I consider it dishonorable if not presented up front immediately.

 From my knowledge no contributor to the discussion of Link
Identification has IPR.  That doesn't mean someone
else couldn't though (same as everything).

People are reminded of the IETF Note Well statement regarding IPR:

http://www.ietf.org/overview.html

Greg



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Date: Mon, 01 Aug 2005 09:06:25 +0530
From: Subba Reddy <subbareddy@samsung.com>
Subject: Re: [DNA] Info: Computation Time/Space requirements for Link
 Identification schemes
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To: Greg Daley <Greg.Daley@eng.monash.edu.au>
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Hi Greg,

>
> I think we're oscillating towards resolution.

True.

>
> ----- Original Message ----- 
> > > > >
> > > > > RA Build time: O(1) selection of LinkID and Old LinkID
> > > > >
> > > > >
> > > > > RA Processing: O(p_r) comparison of each prefix with LinkID
> > > > >
> > > >
> > > > I think, this is O(1) because, only linkID in the RA needs to be
> > > > comparedwith the LinkID at the host.
> >
> > From Section 4.2 (4th paragraph) of the LinkID draft(00/01)
> >
> > "
> >   When a host with a linkid prefix receives an RA, whether
> >   solicited or unsolicited, that includes a prefix with
> >   I-bit set, the host compares its LinkidPrefixList with the
> >   set of prefixes in the RA.
> > "
> >
> > Host compares, its LinkID (stored in LinkIDPrefixList) with the
> LinkID
> > advertised in RA (i.e, the prefix with I bit set. This prefix can be
> > learned prefix or router's own prefix).
> > So, only one comarision is required if the LinkIDPrefixList
> > consists of only one prefix (Most of the time LinkIDPrefixList
> > consists of only one prefix).
> >
> > So, I think it is O(1).
>
> OK. I get your point.
>
> Thinking about it another way though, each PIO and LPIO has to be
> checked for the LinkID flag, and then that LinkID has to be compared
> with the stored LinkID.
>

If the first prefix in the RA is LinkID prefix (if any), then only one
comparision is enough.
I feel, routers can maintain the LinkID prefix as the first prefix, in their
prefix list.
Because of this, routers can easily check (with O(1) complexity) the
validity of LinkID
at various point of times (like prefix life time changes, new prefix is
added, LinkID prefix
is a learned prefix and it has not been advertised in the last 1.5hrs). So,
routers can easily
include LinkID prefix as the first prefix in the RA. Also, maintaining the
LinkID prefix as the first
entry in the prefix list will not add any additional complexity (It is
constant O(1)).

Though, whatever I have mentioned is more implementation specific, IMHO O(1)
is fine.

> > >
> > > No actually, the learned component of the RA isn't inspected,
> > > for robustness sake (described in the draft: Syam or JinHyeock may
> > > also correct me on this).  This means all the PIOs need to be
> > checked.>
> >
> > Routers will not consider the learned prefixes for the robustness
> > sake, but not the hosts.
> >
> > From Section 3.2 (4th paragraph) of the LinkID draft(01),
> >
> > "
> >   From the received RAs, the router extracts only the valid
> >   prefixes in PIO and generate the "learned prefix list
> >   (LearnedPrefixList).
> > "
> >
> >
> > From Section 3.2 (last paragraph) of the LinkID draft(01),
> >
> > "
> >   Take notice that, for prefix list generation, a router only
> >   takes the prefixes in PIO into consideratoin.
> > "
>
> Thanks for the references. I'll check this out further.
>
> > >
> > > [cut]
> > > > >
> > > > > Prefix LinkID **** (Proposed Scheme  -- see below for CPL):
> > > > > -------------------------------------
> > > > > Storage: O(1) Prefix LinkID (minimum)
> > > > >          O(N) set of linkIDs received recently on different IP
> > > > links.>
> > > >
> > > > I think, here N is the number of different LinkIDs (if at all)
> > > > advertised in the last 1.5hrs on the link.
> > >
> > >
> > > Actually, I think this is the number of prefixes known on the
> > > host:
> > >
> >
> > Most of the time LinkIDPrefixList consists of only one prefix i.e,
> > LinkID.If LinkID of the link changes, because of addition/deletion
> > of prefixes, then LinkIDPrefixList can contain more than 1 prefix.
>
> OK this is worth noting in the assumptions.
>
>
> > > From section 1.3:
> > >
> > > Paragraph4:
> > > "...the hosts track the list of linkid prefixes they've
> > >    received in the last 1.5 hours to generate "the linkid prefix
> > list>    (LinkidPrefixList)".
> > >
> > > Perhaps, there is confusion, because in most cases, the
> > > LinkIDPrefixList
> > > is cleared out by the host each time it moves link
> > >
> > > Is this the current thinking?
> >
> > True. If a host changes its link, it will clear the LinkIDPrefixList.
> >
> > >
> > > In that case, then the maximum size is P, but the mean size
> > > is much lower (typically 1).
> >
> > True. I also think O(1) is fine.
>
> OK, I'll mention O(1), but also note the assumption as described above.

OK.

>
> Greg
>

Thanks & Regards,
Subba Reddy




