
From nobody Tue Apr  1 14:43:19 2014
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From: Wes Hardaker <wjhns1@hardakers.net>
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Date: Tue, 01 Apr 2014 14:43:10 -0700
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Subject: [dns-privacy] On behalf of Apr 1st, here is a DNSE solution.
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The problem with other solutions is that you (a DNS user) must trust
someone not to have been hacked or to sell you out.

This solution is a super-hack, but shows the type of architecture needed
to ensure that no entity but you knows both:

  - who made the request
  - what the request (and response) contains

Anyone that knows both is a potential point of compromise.

  http://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-hardaker-dnse-split-key-dns/ 

Warning: the security in here is not.
-- 
Wes Hardaker
Parsons


From nobody Tue Apr  1 14:46:26 2014
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From: Joe Abley <jabley@hopcount.ca>
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Subject: Re: [dns-privacy] On behalf of Apr 1st, here is a DNSE solution.
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On 1 Apr 2014, at 17:43, Wes Hardaker <wjhns1@hardakers.net> wrote:

> The problem with other solutions is that you (a DNS user) must trust
> someone not to have been hacked or to sell you out.
> 
> This solution is a super-hack, but shows the type of architecture needed
> to ensure that no entity but you knows both:
> 
>  - who made the request
>  - what the request (and response) contains
> 
> Anyone that knows both is a potential point of compromise.

That was the basis of our onion-smelling proposal, too:

  http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-jabley-dnsop-dns-onion-00

   This document describes an approach which separates the data in DNS
   queries and responses from the identity of the DNS resolver used by
   DNS clients.

[...]

   This is an incomplete proposal.  It has been distributed in its
   current form for the purposes of discussion, such that the high-level
   approach can be considered amongst other options in the general
   consideration of DNS privacy.

   The authors have called out particular gaps in this document.  The
   authors are confident that there are many other gaps that have not
   been mentioned.  The absence of a description of a gap in this
   document does not imply there is no gap.  Contents may have settled
   in transit.  Your statutory rights are not affected.

   The origins of this document lie in a beer-soaked afternoon
   conversation in the lobby bar of the Hilton Metropole, London, UK.
   Should this document play any future part in preserving human life or
   dignity, the authors recommend the installation of a small but
   elegant brass plaque, the text embossed upon which should naturally
   be encrypted.



Joe


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> 
> The problem with other solutions is that you (a DNS user) must trust
someone
> not to have been hacked or to sell you out.
> 
> This solution is a super-hack, but shows the type of architecture needed
to
> ensure that no entity but you knows both:

Not all solutions....  This is not actually a problem with CGA-TSIG. :-)  


Hosnieh


From nobody Tue Apr  1 15:43:30 2014
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Date: Wed, 2 Apr 2014 00:43:20 +0200
From: Phil Regnauld <regnauld@nsrc.org>
To: Wes Hardaker <wjhns1@hardakers.net>
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Wes Hardaker (wjhns1) writes:
> Anyone that knows both is a potential point of compromise.
> 
>   http://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-hardaker-dnse-split-key-dns/ 
> 
> Warning: the security in here is not.

"In order to protect against this threat, the endEntity must transmit
 the request to the recursive resolver in such a way that the
 recursive resolver in such a way that the recursive resolver must not
 be aware of which end entity sent the request in the first place."

Man, reading that sentence, I had the feeling that sentence that I had
read it twice.


From nobody Tue Apr  1 17:56:35 2014
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From: Wes Hardaker <wjhns1@hardakers.net>
To: Phil Regnauld <regnauld@nsrc.org>
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Phil Regnauld <regnauld@nsrc.org> writes:

> Man, reading that sentence, I had the feeling that sentence that I had
> read it twice.

I wrote it twice, so it worked.

Somewhere in the abstract I should have put "what follows is random,
unproofread, typing that may or may not make sense".
-- 
Wes Hardaker
Parsons


From nobody Wed Apr  2 00:37:45 2014
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From: Stephane Bortzmeyer <bortzmeyer@nic.fr>
To: Wes Hardaker <wjhns1@hardakers.net>
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Subject: Re: [dns-privacy] On behalf of Apr 1st, here is a DNSE solution.
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On Tue, Apr 01, 2014 at 02:43:10PM -0700,
 Wes Hardaker <wjhns1@hardakers.net> wrote 
 a message of 23 lines which said:

>   http://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-hardaker-dnse-split-key-dns/ 

You mention the risk coming from the resolver. That's why, IMHO, we
should recommend people to run a local resolver, as much as possible
(I'm aware it may not always be possible, for instance for constrained
devices). See section 2.2.1 of draft-bortzmeyer-dnsop-privacy-sol-00

This leaves us with the authoritative name servers learning the
request. Caching protects a bit. For the rest, that's where qname
minimisation or minimization comes into play. The authoritative name
servers will still learn things but not as many things. See
draft-bortzmeyer-dns-qname-minimisation


From nobody Wed Apr  2 03:32:59 2014
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On 24.3.2014 12:21, Stephane Bortzmeyer wrote:
> On Fri, Mar 21, 2014 at 03:51:30PM -0700,
>   Ted Hardie <ted.ietf@gmail.com> wrote
>   a message of 58 lines which said:
>
>> We may eventually get to active attacks as well, but those aren't likely to
>> be occurring at the moment because they aren't required; passive monitoring
>> of a cleartext protocol is enough.
>>
>> Do we have agreement that this is the core of what we're setting out to do?
>
> Not for me. The problem is that "active" or "passive" depends on the
> layer. According to Snowden files, the NSA is doing _active_ attacks
> (injecting packets with QUANTUM, planting malware with FOXACID) for
> the purpose of conducting _passive_ data collection.
>
> So, I do not think we should limit ourselves to passive attacks. I
I agree. Resiliency against passive attacks only is very very brittle and I 
hope we can do better.

Also, keep in mind
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Authenticated_encryption#cite_ref-1
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Authenticated_encryption#cite_ref-2

Have a nice day!

-- 
Petr Spacek  @  Red Hat


From nobody Wed Apr  2 04:54:48 2014
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--001a1134c0bef0b59d04f60df211
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On Wed, Apr 2, 2014 at 6:32 AM, Petr Spacek <pspacek@redhat.com> wrote:

> On 24.3.2014 12:21, Stephane Bortzmeyer wrote:
>
>> On Fri, Mar 21, 2014 at 03:51:30PM -0700,
>>   Ted Hardie <ted.ietf@gmail.com> wrote
>>   a message of 58 lines which said:
>>
>>  We may eventually get to active attacks as well, but those aren't likely
>>> to
>>> be occurring at the moment because they aren't required; passive
>>> monitoring
>>> of a cleartext protocol is enough.
>>>
>>> Do we have agreement that this is the core of what we're setting out to
>>> do?
>>>
>>
>> Not for me. The problem is that "active" or "passive" depends on the
>> layer. According to Snowden files, the NSA is doing _active_ attacks
>> (injecting packets with QUANTUM, planting malware with FOXACID) for
>> the purpose of conducting _passive_ data collection.
>>
>> So, I do not think we should limit ourselves to passive attacks. I
>>
> I agree. Resiliency against passive attacks only is very very brittle and
> I hope we can do better.
>
> Also, keep in mind
> http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Authenticated_encryption#cite_ref-1
> http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Authenticated_encryption#cite_ref-2
>
> Have a nice day!


The current status of my code is that I am getting close to being able to
do a demo of a scheme that is actually quite a bit simpler than DTLS.

I have had a look at the authenticated encryption modes but I think we are
better off with AES + HMAC-SHA2 right now. The problem is that several of
the crypto libraries do not expose the AES block operation as a primitive
which means having to re-implement AES to do modes other than the vanilla
ones. And reimplementing means losing the advantage of access to built in
crypto hardware.

If we were going to use authenticated encryption we would probably need to
warn the platform providers that is where we are headed. For example
through something like this:

https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-hallambaker-consensuscrypto/


-- 
Website: http://hallambaker.com/

--001a1134c0bef0b59d04f60df211
Content-Type: text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1
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<div dir=3D"ltr"><div class=3D"gmail_extra"><div class=3D"gmail_quote">On W=
ed, Apr 2, 2014 at 6:32 AM, Petr Spacek <span dir=3D"ltr">&lt;<a href=3D"ma=
ilto:pspacek@redhat.com" target=3D"_blank">pspacek@redhat.com</a>&gt;</span=
> wrote:<br>
<blockquote class=3D"gmail_quote" style=3D"margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-=
left-width:1px;border-left-color:rgb(204,204,204);border-left-style:solid;p=
adding-left:1ex"><div class=3D"">On 24.3.2014 12:21, Stephane Bortzmeyer wr=
ote:<br>

<blockquote class=3D"gmail_quote" style=3D"margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-=
left-width:1px;border-left-color:rgb(204,204,204);border-left-style:solid;p=
adding-left:1ex">
On Fri, Mar 21, 2014 at 03:51:30PM -0700,<br>
=A0 Ted Hardie &lt;<a href=3D"mailto:ted.ietf@gmail.com" target=3D"_blank">=
ted.ietf@gmail.com</a>&gt; wrote<br>
=A0 a message of 58 lines which said:<br>
<br>
<blockquote class=3D"gmail_quote" style=3D"margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-=
left-width:1px;border-left-color:rgb(204,204,204);border-left-style:solid;p=
adding-left:1ex">
We may eventually get to active attacks as well, but those aren&#39;t likel=
y to<br>
be occurring at the moment because they aren&#39;t required; passive monito=
ring<br>
of a cleartext protocol is enough.<br>
<br>
Do we have agreement that this is the core of what we&#39;re setting out to=
 do?<br>
</blockquote>
<br>
Not for me. The problem is that &quot;active&quot; or &quot;passive&quot; d=
epends on the<br>
layer. According to Snowden files, the NSA is doing _active_ attacks<br>
(injecting packets with QUANTUM, planting malware with FOXACID) for<br>
the purpose of conducting _passive_ data collection.<br>
<br>
So, I do not think we should limit ourselves to passive attacks. I<br>
</blockquote></div>
I agree. Resiliency against passive attacks only is very very brittle and I=
 hope we can do better.<br>
<br>
Also, keep in mind<br>
<a href=3D"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Authenticated_encryption#cite_ref-1=
" target=3D"_blank">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<u></u>Authenticated_encry=
ption#cite_<u></u>ref-1</a><br>
<a href=3D"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Authenticated_encryption#cite_ref-2=
" target=3D"_blank">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<u></u>Authenticated_encry=
ption#cite_<u></u>ref-2</a><br>
<br>
Have a nice day!</blockquote><div><br></div><div>The current status of my c=
ode is that I am getting close to being able to do a demo of a scheme that =
is actually quite a bit simpler than DTLS.</div><div><br></div><div>I have =
had a look at the authenticated encryption modes but I think we are better =
off with AES + HMAC-SHA2 right now. The problem is that several of the cryp=
to libraries do not expose the AES block operation as a primitive which mea=
ns having to re-implement AES to do modes other than the vanilla ones. And =
reimplementing means losing the advantage of access to built in crypto hard=
ware.</div>
<div><br></div><div>If we were going to use authenticated encryption we wou=
ld probably need to warn the platform providers that is where we are headed=
. For example through something like this:</div><div><br></div><div><a href=
=3D"https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-hallambaker-consensuscrypto/">ht=
tps://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-hallambaker-consensuscrypto/</a><br>
</div><div><br></div><div>=A0</div></div>-- <br>Website: <a href=3D"http://=
hallambaker.com/">http://hallambaker.com/</a><br>
</div></div>

--001a1134c0bef0b59d04f60df211--


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Date: Thu, 3 Apr 2014 15:04:22 +0100
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Subject: Re: [dns-privacy] On behalf of Apr 1st, here is a DNSE solution.
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Stephane Bortzmeyer <bortzmeyer@nic.fr> wrote:
>
> You mention the risk coming from the resolver. That's why, IMHO, we
> should recommend people to run a local resolver, as much as possible

If (big if) you trust the resolver then you have the advantage of hiding
your iteratve queries in the aggregate behaviour of the resolver's other
users, and if the connection to your resolver is encrypted it is
relatively difficult for a snooper to work out what you are asking for. If
you run the resolver locally then it becomes really easy to do traffic
analysis on your DNS, because even if it is encrypted the attacker has
your authoritative server addresses as well as the packet sizes to work
with.

So I don't think the trade-off is simple enough to make a blanket
recommendation.

Tony.
-- 
f.anthony.n.finch  <dot@dotat.at>  http://dotat.at/
Lundy, Fastnet: South or southwest 3 or 4, occasionally 5 later. Slight or
moderate. Occasional rain with fog patches, becoming fair. Moderate,
occasionally very poor, becoming good.


From nobody Thu Apr  3 08:17:46 2014
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References: <0lmwg4680h.fsf@wjh.hardakers.net> <20140402073701.GA19628@nic.fr>
Date: Thu, 3 Apr 2014 23:17:34 +0800
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From: Warren Kumari <warren@kumari.net>
To: Stephane Bortzmeyer <bortzmeyer@nic.fr>
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Cc: dns-privacy@ietf.org, Wes Hardaker <wjhns1@hardakers.net>
Subject: Re: [dns-privacy] On behalf of Apr 1st, here is a DNSE solution.
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On Wed, Apr 2, 2014 at 3:37 PM, Stephane Bortzmeyer <bortzmeyer@nic.fr> wrote:
> On Tue, Apr 01, 2014 at 02:43:10PM -0700,
>  Wes Hardaker <wjhns1@hardakers.net> wrote
>  a message of 23 lines which said:
>
>>   http://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-hardaker-dnse-split-key-dns/
>
> You mention the risk coming from the resolver. That's why, IMHO, we
> should recommend people to run a local resolver, as much as possible
> (I'm aware it may not always be possible, for instance for constrained
> devices). See section 2.2.1 of draft-bortzmeyer-dnsop-privacy-sol-00
>
> This leaves us with the authoritative name servers learning the
> request.

... 'm still confused by this bit.

If I'm running a local resolver and my machine makes a connection to
ns1.example.com, presumably it's because I'm trying to lookup a record
in the example.com zone (assuming ns1.example.com is only
authoritative for a small number of zones). Sure, I could be looking
up www.example.com or mail.example.com or foo.example.com but it's
still clear I'm going to example.com....

As an example of this, if my resolver makes a connection to
199.193.245.198 it's quite clear I'm going to
http://www.smartrecovery.org/ (I wanted to use Alcoholics Anonymous,
but they use ns.rackspace.com, just like ~2,500 other folk).
Perhaps we don't care, because folk who run their own DNS likely run
"dedicated" web servers, and so it's clear for someone on the wire
where they are going anyway?!

W

> Caching protects a bit. For the rest, that's where qname
> minimisation or minimization comes into play. The authoritative name
> servers will still learn things but not as many things. See
> draft-bortzmeyer-dns-qname-minimisation
>
> _______________________________________________
> dns-privacy mailing list
> dns-privacy@ietf.org
> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/dns-privacy


From nobody Thu Apr  3 14:10:39 2014
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From: Wes Hardaker <wjhns1@hardakers.net>
To: Stephane Bortzmeyer <bortzmeyer@nic.fr>
References: <0lmwg4680h.fsf@wjh.hardakers.net> <20140402073701.GA19628@nic.fr>
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Subject: Re: [dns-privacy] On behalf of Apr 1st, here is a DNSE solution.
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Stephane Bortzmeyer <bortzmeyer@nic.fr> writes:

> You mention the risk coming from the resolver. That's why, IMHO, we
> should recommend people to run a local resolver, as much as possible
> (I'm aware it may not always be possible, for instance for constrained
> devices). See section 2.2.1 of draft-bortzmeyer-dnsop-privacy-sol-00

But that doesn't really mitigate everything.  Anyone sniffing the wire
either near you or even near the resolver in question can see who is
making the traffic and where it's going.  To get secured deployment
using a local resolver scheme, you still have to have the local resolver
doing DTLS (or equivalent) from it to everywhere, and the destination
NS still gives a lot away even if you could encrypt everything
everywhere "soon".

I do agree that everyone should use a local resolver.  Or, even better,
smarter in-application validating APIs with local caches.

Anyway, the hack in my Apr 1. document gets around these problems by
only needing a few of the distant anonymizing resolvers in place.  

(FYI, in the document I listed the suggested name as
EEEE.K1.example.org, but it really should be reversed to provide easier
state tracking in both places:  K1.EEEE.example.org).  
-- 
Wes Hardaker
Parsons


From nobody Fri Apr  4 01:11:29 2014
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Date: Fri, 4 Apr 2014 10:10:44 +0200
From: Stephane Bortzmeyer <bortzmeyer@nic.fr>
To: Tony Finch <dot@dotat.at>
Message-ID: <20140404081042.GA23384@nic.fr>
References: <0lmwg4680h.fsf@wjh.hardakers.net> <20140402073701.GA19628@nic.fr> <alpine.LSU.2.00.1404031503001.5323@hermes-1.csi.cam.ac.uk>
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Subject: Re: [dns-privacy] On behalf of Apr 1st, here is a DNSE solution.
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On Thu, Apr 03, 2014 at 03:04:22PM +0100,
 Tony Finch <dot@dotat.at> wrote 
 a message of 23 lines which said:

> If (big if) you trust the resolver then you have the advantage of
> hiding your iteratve queries in the aggregate behaviour of the
> resolver's other users,

You can have your cake and eat it: run your own resolver and forward
the uncached queries to a shared resolver (your IAP's or Google Public
DNS, as you wish). This is automatically done by the excellent tool
dnssec-trigger, which probes the shared resolver before using it in
forwarding.

Because of the local resolver, you will send less info to the shared
resolver. Because of the shared resolver, you will send less info to
the authoritative name servers. 


From nobody Fri Apr  4 01:50:45 2014
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From: Stephane Bortzmeyer <bortzmeyer@nic.fr>
To: Wes Hardaker <wjhns1@hardakers.net>
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Subject: Re: [dns-privacy] On behalf of Apr 1st, here is a DNSE solution.
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On Thu, Apr 03, 2014 at 02:10:00PM -0700,
 Wes Hardaker <wjhns1@hardakers.net> wrote 
 a message of 27 lines which said:

> Anyone sniffing the wire either near you or even near the resolver
> in question can see who is making the traffic and where it's going.
> To get secured deployment using a local resolver scheme, you still
> have to have the local resolver doing DTLS

Yes, as I have said in physical meetings or in my drafts, there is not
one solution that will solve everything. We need data minimisation (or
minimization) _and_ encryption.


From nobody Sun Apr 13 05:34:53 2014
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From: Phillip Hallam-Baker <hallam@gmail.com>
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Subject: [dns-privacy] DTLS and OpenSSL Heartbleed bug
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There are many lessons that can be drawn from Heartbleed but one of
the most important is that complexity is the enemy of security and
general platforms have a tendency to become rather complex.

Which is one of the reasons why I have been rather suspicious of the
'just use DTLS' approach. Building on DTLS means importing all the
current and future complexity of TLS.

That seems rather a lot of overhead when all we need to do at the DNS
layer is to take a message M, encrypt it under a key and plonk a MAC
code on the end.


I know that the counter argument is that 'TLS is a known quantity, 20
years have gone into development'. But like the argument that 'open
source is better because anyone can review' we are seeing that its not
necessarily true. Code can get worse over time as well as better.




-- 
Website: http://hallambaker.com/


From nobody Sun Apr 13 05:45:22 2014
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> Which is one of the reasons why I have been rather suspicious of the
> 'just use DTLS' approach. Building on DTLS means importing all the
> current and future complexity of TLS.
>=20
> That seems rather a lot of overhead when all we need to do at the DNS
> layer is to take a message M, encrypt it under a key and plonk a MAC
> code on the end.
>=20

What about =93Just use QUIC=94 ? It might have a better future with DNS =
than DTLS.=20


>=20
> I know that the counter argument is that 'TLS is a known quantity, 20
> years have gone into development'. But like the argument that 'open
> source is better because anyone can review' we are seeing that its not
> necessarily true. Code can get worse over time as well as better.


Open source is still better because anyone can review. But code get =
worse with time, either closed or open source, unlike wine.=20


Rubens


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On Sun, Apr 13, 2014 at 8:45 AM, Rubens Kuhl <rubensk@nic.br> wrote:
>> Which is one of the reasons why I have been rather suspicious of the
>> 'just use DTLS' approach. Building on DTLS means importing all the
>> current and future complexity of TLS.
>>
>> That seems rather a lot of overhead when all we need to do at the DNS
>> layer is to take a message M, encrypt it under a key and plonk a MAC
>> code on the end.
>>
>
> What about =E2=80=9CJust use QUIC=E2=80=9D ? It might have a better futur=
e with DNS than DTLS.

QUIC is a replacement for TCP and it has a lot of merit for
applications where requests can be larger than a packet.

If the request will fit into one packet and the number of response
packets is small enough, the simplest approach is one UDP request
packet and multiple response packets. That means servers are
completely stateless and we can use anycast etc.


What might be rather surprising is that we can fit a complex DNS
transaction into one request packet, for example, to resolve
http://www.example.com/ we might want to do the following lookups:

www.example.com ? A
www.example.com ? AAAA
_http._tcp.www.example.com ? SRV
_http._tcp.www.example.com ? POLICY

Although the DNS protocol allows for multiple queries per request,
this doesn't quite work because there is no way to specify which
response code matches which query. So the simplest approach turns out
to be to encode these as four separate DNS queries. But even with that
overhead, we can fit all four queries above plus a MAC and a key
identifier into one 1400 byte request packet.


The nice thing about this is that it means support for the secure DNS
actually reduces the load on the server. Instead of making at least
two separate queries (A, AAAA) there is a single query. Since the
crypto overhead is negligible (its all symmetric key), this is almost
certainly a net win as most servers are I/O and transaction bound
rather than CPU bound.


>> I know that the counter argument is that 'TLS is a known quantity, 20
>> years have gone into development'. But like the argument that 'open
>> source is better because anyone can review' we are seeing that its not
>> necessarily true. Code can get worse over time as well as better.
>
>
> Open source is still better because anyone can review. But code get worse=
 with time, either closed or open source, unlike wine.

These arguments are only problematic when people think 'A allows B'
means 'A therefore B'.


--=20
Website: http://hallambaker.com/


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>> What about =93Just use QUIC=94 ? It might have a better future with =
DNS than DTLS.
>=20
> QUIC is a replacement for TCP and it has a lot of merit for
> applications where requests can be larger than a packet.
>=20

=93is a replacement for=94 is a judgement of suitability. Over the years =
I heard some people saying DNS should have used TCP with built-in =
scalability for large recursive and authoritative servers, so may be =
QUIC is quick enough to allow usage in the DNS world. If people converge =
on replace TCP with QUIC too that=92s fine, but being useful for TCP is =
not a factor into using in DNS or not.=20

> If the request will fit into one packet and the number of response
> packets is small enough, the simplest approach is one UDP request
> packet and multiple response packets. That means servers are
> completely stateless and we can use anycast etc.

Stateless is a good thing, but a bit of state can be tolerated if it=92s =
used for a high steady request volume. For instance, a Google 8.8.8.8 =
recursive server, even just one of the servers, likely keeps requesting =
Alexa-100 authoritative servers 24x7 without mercy. Requiring state =
would be bad, but allowing state where it justifies would be fine by me.=20=


Reverting to TCP due to multiple response packets, like is done today, =
really isn=92t a good criteria, but query rate would be. Want a less =
than x queries / minute ? Do totally stateless. Want more than that ? =
State is required. We would get rid of one of  the DDoS vectors that =
exist today (high amplification attacks from a low number of fast =
compromised machines).=20


> What might be rather surprising is that we can fit a complex DNS
> transaction into one request packet, for example, to resolve
> http://www.example.com/ we might want to do the following lookups:
>=20
> www.example.com ? A
> www.example.com ? AAAA
> _http._tcp.www.example.com ? SRV
> _http._tcp.www.example.com ? POLICY
>=20
> Although the DNS protocol allows for multiple queries per request,
> this doesn't quite work because there is no way to specify which
> response code matches which query. So the simplest approach turns out
> to be to encode these as four separate DNS queries. But even with that
> overhead, we can fit all four queries above plus a MAC and a key
> identifier into one 1400 byte request packet.
>=20
>=20
> The nice thing about this is that it means support for the secure DNS
> actually reduces the load on the server. Instead of making at least
> two separate queries (A, AAAA) there is a single query. Since the
> crypto overhead is negligible (its all symmetric key), this is almost
> certainly a net win as most servers are I/O and transaction bound
> rather than CPU bound.

Either with DTLS, QUIC or something else, that would be a sound design =
to have.=20


Rubens


From nobody Sun Apr 13 10:01:39 2014
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On Sun, Apr 13, 2014 at 09:16:39AM -0400, Phillip Hallam-Baker wrote:
> 
> The nice thing about this is that it means support for the secure DNS
> actually reduces the load on the server. Instead of making at least
> two separate queries (A, AAAA) there is a single query. Since the
> crypto overhead is negligible (its all symmetric key), this is almost
> certainly a net win as most servers are I/O and transaction bound
> rather than CPU bound.

There's also another factor to consider: Memory use. Specifically,
how much memory "sessions" that aren't currently being prcessed,
but which need to be able to bring to service in 0 RTT use.

I have no idea how DTLS would fare here...

Also, agreed that DTLS is a serious mess (and I think it is going to get
even worse).


-Ilari


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Subject: Re: [dns-privacy] DTLS and OpenSSL Heartbleed bug
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On Sun, Apr 13, 2014 at 12:01 PM, Rubens Kuhl <rubensk@nic.br> wrote:
>>> What about =E2=80=9CJust use QUIC=E2=80=9D ? It might have a better fut=
ure with DNS than DTLS.
>>
>> QUIC is a replacement for TCP and it has a lot of merit for
>> applications where requests can be larger than a packet.
>>
>
> =E2=80=9Cis a replacement for=E2=80=9D is a judgement of suitability. Ove=
r the years I heard some people saying DNS should have used TCP with built-=
in scalability for large recursive and authoritative servers, so may be QUI=
C is quick enough to allow usage in the DNS world. If people converge on re=
place TCP with QUIC too that=E2=80=99s fine, but being useful for TCP is no=
t a factor into using in DNS or not.
>
>> If the request will fit into one packet and the number of response
>> packets is small enough, the simplest approach is one UDP request
>> packet and multiple response packets. That means servers are
>> completely stateless and we can use anycast etc.
>
> Stateless is a good thing, but a bit of state can be tolerated if it=E2=
=80=99s used for a high steady request volume. For instance, a Google 8.8.8=
.8 recursive server, even just one of the servers, likely keeps requesting =
Alexa-100 authoritative servers 24x7 without mercy. Requiring state would b=
e bad, but allowing state where it justifies would be fine by me.

Well you might have a point... But the people who have the problem
with latency are the google who want to shave it to the very minimum
possible. And they would be the main constituency for QUIC.


> Reverting to TCP due to multiple response packets, like is done today, re=
ally isn=E2=80=99t a good criteria, but query rate would be. Want a less th=
an x queries / minute ? Do totally stateless. Want more than that ? State i=
s required. We would get rid of one of  the DDoS vectors that exist today (=
high amplification attacks from a low number of fast compromised machines).

The way I avoid the DDoS attack is to authenticate requests so they
only get a response if there is a valid ticket. Amplification attacks
are no longer an issue.





--=20
Website: http://hallambaker.com/


From nobody Sun Apr 13 21:43:57 2014
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Subject: Re: [dns-privacy] DTLS and OpenSSL Heartbleed bug
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On Sun, 13 Apr 2014 20:01:30 +0300, Ilari Liusvaara wrote: 
>On Sun, Apr 13, 2014 at 09:16:39AM -0400, Phillip Hallam-Baker wrote:
>...
>There's also another factor to consider: Memory use. Specifically,
>how much memory "sessions" that aren't currently being prcessed,
>but which need to be able to bring to service in 0 RTT use.
>
>I have no idea how DTLS would fare here...
>
>Also, agreed that DTLS is a serious mess (and I think it is going to get
>even worse).

A couple of comments:

- it seems to me like memory use is the biggest constraint if you're
running a server, and latency for the clients.

- unfortunately these conflict with each other: you reduce latency by
  keeping connections open and reusing them, but that increases memory
  use at servers

- We've done some studies about memory use for TCP+TLS, with real traces
  from several several different types of servers.  See
http://www.isi.edu/~johnh/PAPERS/Zhu14a.html for the tech report.
(We'd love comments and feedback!)

- the high order bit from the study is that with very conservative
  (i.e., short) timeouts, and with TCP+TLS from stub to recursive and
  TCP only from recursive to authoritative, we see ~21% greater latency
  and 9GB of state at the recursive resolver.  You can tweak the numbers
  to get different trade-offs if you prefer.

Both of these are more than current UDP, but both are, I think,
"reasonable".

And fortunately, DNS is embarrassingly parallel, so one can easily
increase server capacity by buying more servers.


About specific protocols:

- we took the most conservative choice: TCP and TLS.  Heartbleed shows
  us subtle bugs are possible, but IMHO better something the community
  has been studying for years and years than something hand-rolled,
  or something less well examined.

- Although not a privacy issue, I think DNS over TCP is a really
  interesting method to address other (non-privacy-related) security
  questions, like reducing DNS amplification attacks, and removing the
  endless debates about "change X will overflow packet size Y and cause
  subtle problem Z to W percent of users".  (IMHO, that debate has
  subtly distorted a number of policy discussions, like keysize choices.
  I'd just like to sidestep all that.)  Details are in the tech report;
  I don't want to get off-topic wrt dns-privacy.

- I think UDP+DTLS vs. TCP+TLS is an interesting open question.  It's
  not obvious to me that DTLS helps that much, as you still do a
  standard TLS handshake (just over UDP).  And I'm admiring of TCP for
  other reasons (see the prior bullet).  But I think a prudent step
  would be to advance TCP+TLS and then see if the same model also
  applies to UDP+DTLS, if we can articulate the compelling advantages of
  DTLS.


   -John Heidemann


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* John Heidemann:

> - We've done some studies about memory use for TCP+TLS, with real traces
>   from several several different types of servers.  See
> http://www.isi.edu/~johnh/PAPERS/Zhu14a.html for the tech report.
> (We'd love comments and feedback!)

Did you attempt to filter out garbage queries from your replay data?
Especially for the B root, I expect sources that would never be able
to complete a three-way handshake because they use incorrect IP
sources addresses.  I'm not sure in which direction garbage queries
tilt the numbers.

The stub resolver performance for classic DNS seems to be too good to
be true, partly due to the PlanetLab bias (as youn note)=E2=80=94or it
measures RRTs to some local non-recursive cache: many access
technologies have RTTs to the first IP hop that exceed 5 ms, and you
still have to reach the ISP resolver from there.  I wonder if it is
possible to obtain better data by triggering a cascade of name
resolutions from web browsers and try to tell upstream cache miss rate
from local stub cache miss rate.

> - the high order bit from the study is that with very conservative
>   (i.e., short) timeouts, and with TCP+TLS from stub to recursive and
>   TCP only from recursive to authoritative, we see ~21% greater latency
>   and 9GB of state at the recursive resolver.  You can tweak the numbers
>   to get different trade-offs if you prefer.
>
> Both of these are more than current UDP, but both are, I think,
> "reasonable".

And these numbers are quite impressive because the classic DNS
baseline you've established seems a bit rosy to me.

In any case, interesting work.  Compared to DTLS (or any home-grown
protocol), the advantage of TLS over TCP is that we have extensive
experience in dealing with various kinds of network anomalies, much of
which would likely apply directly to protecting DNS infrastructure.


From nobody Tue Apr 22 23:18:49 2014
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On Sun, 20 Apr 2014 20:39:33 +0200, Florian Weimer <fw@deneb.enyo.de> wrote=
:=20
>* John Heidemann:
>
>> - We've done some studies about memory use for TCP+TLS, with real traces
>>   from several several different types of servers.  See
>> http://www.isi.edu/~johnh/PAPERS/Zhu14a.html for the tech report.
>> (We'd love comments and feedback!)

Thanks for the comments.

>Did you attempt to filter out garbage queries from your replay data?
>Especially for the B root, I expect sources that would never be able
>to complete a three-way handshake because they use incorrect IP
>sources addresses.  I'm not sure in which direction garbage queries
>tilt the numbers.

You mean queries with spoofed IP source addresses?
AFAIK our UDP data does not give us enough information to differentiate
actual from spoofed source IP addresses.

>The stub resolver performance for classic DNS seems to be too good to
>be true, partly due to the PlanetLab bias (as youn note)=E2=80=94or it
>measures RRTs to some local non-recursive cache: many access
>technologies have RTTs to the first IP hop that exceed 5 ms, and you
>still have to reach the ISP resolver from there.  I wonder if it is
>possible to obtain better data by triggering a cascade of name
>resolutions from web browsers and try to tell upstream cache miss rate
>from local stub cache miss rate.
>
>> - the high order bit from the study is that with very conservative
>>   (i.e., short) timeouts, and with TCP+TLS from stub to recursive and
>>   TCP only from recursive to authoritative, we see ~21% greater latency
>>   and 9GB of state at the recursive resolver.  You can tweak the numbers
>>   to get different trade-offs if you prefer.
>>
>> Both of these are more than current UDP, but both are, I think,
>> "reasonable".
>
>And these numbers are quite impressive because the classic DNS
>baseline you've established seems a bit rosy to me.

Figure 9 looks at "local" (=3D5ms) and "public" (=3D20ms) (first-hop)
recursive resolvers.  If you you think 5ms is too low, you can consider
the 20ms numbers.  That moves the ~21% to ~39%.

>In any case, interesting work.  Compared to DTLS (or any home-grown
>protocol), the advantage of TLS over TCP is that we have extensive
>experience in dealing with various kinds of network anomalies, much of
>which would likely apply directly to protecting DNS infrastructure.

Thanks.  Our goal was to leverage TLS+TCP experience.

   -John


From nobody Wed Apr 23 07:05:51 2014
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Subject: [dns-privacy] DNS over DTLS (DNSoD)
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For discussion.

   DNS queries and responses are visible to network elements on the path
   between the DNS client and its server.  These queries and responses
   can contain privacy-sensitive information which is valuable to
   protect.  An active attacker can send bogus responses causing
   misdirection of the subsequent connection.

   To counter passive listening and active attacks, this document
   proposes the use of Datagram Transport Layer Security (DTLS) for DNS,
   to protect against passive listeners and certain active attacks.  As
   DNS needs to remain fast, this proposal also discusses mechanisms to
   reduce DTLS round trips and reduce DTLS handshake size.  The proposed
   mechanism runs over the default DNS port and can also run over an
   alternate port.

http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-wing-dnsop-dnsodtls

-d


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On Apr 23, 2014, at 6:47 AM, Dan Wing <dan@danwing.org> wrote:

> For discussion.
>=20
>   DNS queries and responses are visible to network elements on the =
path
>   between the DNS client and its server.  These queries and responses
>   can contain privacy-sensitive information which is valuable to
>   protect.  An active attacker can send bogus responses causing
>   misdirection of the subsequent connection.
>=20
>   To counter passive listening and active attacks, this document
>   proposes the use of Datagram Transport Layer Security (DTLS) for =
DNS,
>   to protect against passive listeners and certain active attacks.  As
>   DNS needs to remain fast, this proposal also discusses mechanisms to
>   reduce DTLS round trips and reduce DTLS handshake size.  The =
proposed
>   mechanism runs over the default DNS port and can also run over an
>   alternate port.
>=20
> http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-wing-dnsop-dnsodtls

This proposes to run a binary protocol (DTLS) over port 53. It says "A =
DNS client or server that does not implement this specification will not =
respond to the incoming DTLS packets because they don't parse as DNS =
packets (the DNS Opcode would be 15, which is undefined)."

Has anyone run any tests against currently deployed recursive resolvers =
and authoritative servers to see what they do when sent the initial DTLS =
packet?

--Paul Hoffman=


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Subject: Re: [dns-privacy] [DNSOP] DNS over DTLS (DNSoD)
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On Apr 23, 2014, at 7:26 AM, Paul Hoffman <paul.hoffman@vpnc.org> wrote:

> On Apr 23, 2014, at 6:47 AM, Dan Wing <dan@danwing.org> wrote:
>=20
>> For discussion.
>>=20
>>  DNS queries and responses are visible to network elements on the =
path
>>  between the DNS client and its server.  These queries and responses
>>  can contain privacy-sensitive information which is valuable to
>>  protect.  An active attacker can send bogus responses causing
>>  misdirection of the subsequent connection.
>>=20
>>  To counter passive listening and active attacks, this document
>>  proposes the use of Datagram Transport Layer Security (DTLS) for =
DNS,
>>  to protect against passive listeners and certain active attacks.  As
>>  DNS needs to remain fast, this proposal also discusses mechanisms to
>>  reduce DTLS round trips and reduce DTLS handshake size.  The =
proposed
>>  mechanism runs over the default DNS port and can also run over an
>>  alternate port.
>>=20
>> http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-wing-dnsop-dnsodtls
>=20
> This proposes to run a binary protocol (DTLS) over port 53. It says "A =
DNS client or server that does not implement this specification will not =
respond to the incoming DTLS packets because they don't parse as DNS =
packets (the DNS Opcode would be 15, which is undefined)."
>=20
> Has anyone run any tests against currently deployed recursive =
resolvers and authoritative servers to see what they do when sent the =
initial DTLS packet?

Paul,
  openssl s_client -dtls1 -connect 1.2.3.4:53 -debug
substituting 1.2.3.4 for the server you want to test, and in another =
window do tcpdump port 53.

-d


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Subject: Re: [dns-privacy] [DNSOP] DNS over DTLS (DNSoD)
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--001a11c339e615e0c204f7b71116
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TLS seems like a poor choice for any new cryptographic transport, it is a
very complicated protocol with a considerable amount of implementation
complexity, computational and network costs. DTLS seems poorer still, as it
is an adaptation of primitives never intended for datagram transmission.

But feedback on the draft:

   * It's unclear how your protocol would really mitigate an active
attacker sending bogus responses. Won't the attacker still be able to
disrupt the DTLS session? Allowing session multiplexing by query-id likely
amplifies this risk.

   * In DTLS, the ClientHello is in the plain - this presents opportunities
for downgrade attacks and inference making. Considering the proposal
advocates for hardcoding the certificate, why not just use a key from the
off?

   * Some nameservers definitely don't just "not respond" when they get
messages they don't understand :/

   * Is the entire protocol subject to the simplest downgrade attack of
all? Just cause the first server response to be dropped and regular DNS
will be used?

   * How long should session state persist?

   * The network costs of certificate transmission probably pale in
comparison to the computational costs of key negotiation. How should
trivial key-exchange ddos attacks be prevented?

   * TLS Heartbeat messages do not permit asymmetric MTU discovery.

On Wed, Apr 23, 2014 at 6:47 AM, Dan Wing <dan@danwing.org> wrote:

> For discussion.
>
>    DNS queries and responses are visible to network elements on the path
>    between the DNS client and its server.  These queries and responses
>    can contain privacy-sensitive information which is valuable to
>    protect.  An active attacker can send bogus responses causing
>    misdirection of the subsequent connection.
>
>    To counter passive listening and active attacks, this document
>    proposes the use of Datagram Transport Layer Security (DTLS) for DNS,
>    to protect against passive listeners and certain active attacks.  As
>    DNS needs to remain fast, this proposal also discusses mechanisms to
>    reduce DTLS round trips and reduce DTLS handshake size.  The proposed
>    mechanism runs over the default DNS port and can also run over an
>    alternate port.
>
> http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-wing-dnsop-dnsodtls
>
> -d
>
> _______________________________________________
> DNSOP mailing list
> DNSOP@ietf.org
> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/dnsop
>



-- 
Colm

--001a11c339e615e0c204f7b71116
Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable

<div dir=3D"ltr"><br><div>TLS seems like a poor choice for any new cryptogr=
aphic transport, it is a very complicated protocol with a considerable amou=
nt of implementation complexity, computational and network costs. DTLS seem=
s poorer still, as it is an adaptation of primitives never intended for dat=
agram transmission.</div>
<div><br></div><div>But feedback on the draft:</div><div><br></div><div>=C2=
=A0 =C2=A0* It&#39;s unclear how your protocol would really mitigate an act=
ive attacker sending bogus responses. Won&#39;t the attacker still be able =
to disrupt the DTLS session? Allowing session multiplexing by query-id like=
ly amplifies this risk.=C2=A0</div>
<div><br></div><div>=C2=A0 =C2=A0* In DTLS, the ClientHello is in the plain=
 - this presents opportunities for downgrade attacks and inference making. =
Considering the proposal advocates for hardcoding the certificate, why not =
just use a key from the off?</div>
<div><br></div><div>=C2=A0 =C2=A0* Some nameservers definitely don&#39;t ju=
st &quot;not respond&quot; when they get messages they don&#39;t understand=
 :/</div><div><br></div><div>=C2=A0 =C2=A0* Is the entire protocol subject =
to the simplest downgrade attack of all? Just cause the first server respon=
se to be dropped and regular DNS will be used?=C2=A0</div>
<div><br></div><div>=C2=A0 =C2=A0* How long should session state persist?=
=C2=A0</div><div><br></div><div>=C2=A0 =C2=A0* The network costs of certifi=
cate transmission probably pale in comparison to the computational costs of=
 key negotiation. How should trivial key-exchange ddos attacks be prevented=
?</div>
<div><br></div><div>=C2=A0 =C2=A0* TLS Heartbeat messages do not permit asy=
mmetric MTU discovery.=C2=A0</div><div class=3D"gmail_extra"><br><div class=
=3D"gmail_quote">On Wed, Apr 23, 2014 at 6:47 AM, Dan Wing <span dir=3D"ltr=
">&lt;<a href=3D"mailto:dan@danwing.org" target=3D"_blank">dan@danwing.org<=
/a>&gt;</span> wrote:<br>
<blockquote class=3D"gmail_quote" style=3D"margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1p=
x #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">For discussion.<br>
<br>
=C2=A0 =C2=A0DNS queries and responses are visible to network elements on t=
he path<br>
=C2=A0 =C2=A0between the DNS client and its server. =C2=A0These queries and=
 responses<br>
=C2=A0 =C2=A0can contain privacy-sensitive information which is valuable to=
<br>
=C2=A0 =C2=A0protect. =C2=A0An active attacker can send bogus responses cau=
sing<br>
=C2=A0 =C2=A0misdirection of the subsequent connection.<br>
<br>
=C2=A0 =C2=A0To counter passive listening and active attacks, this document=
<br>
=C2=A0 =C2=A0proposes the use of Datagram Transport Layer Security (DTLS) f=
or DNS,<br>
=C2=A0 =C2=A0to protect against passive listeners and certain active attack=
s. =C2=A0As<br>
=C2=A0 =C2=A0DNS needs to remain fast, this proposal also discusses mechani=
sms to<br>
=C2=A0 =C2=A0reduce DTLS round trips and reduce DTLS handshake size. =C2=A0=
The proposed<br>
=C2=A0 =C2=A0mechanism runs over the default DNS port and can also run over=
 an<br>
=C2=A0 =C2=A0alternate port.<br>
<br>
<a href=3D"http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-wing-dnsop-dnsodtls" target=3D"=
_blank">http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-wing-dnsop-dnsodtls</a><br>
<br>
-d<br>
<br>
_______________________________________________<br>
DNSOP mailing list<br>
<a href=3D"mailto:DNSOP@ietf.org">DNSOP@ietf.org</a><br>
<a href=3D"https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/dnsop" target=3D"_blank">h=
ttps://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/dnsop</a><br>
</blockquote></div><br><br clear=3D"all"><div><br></div>-- <br>Colm
</div></div>

--001a11c339e615e0c204f7b71116--


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Subject: Re: [dns-privacy] [DNSOP] DNS over DTLS (DNSoD)
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On Apr 23, 2014, at 8:42 AM, Dan Wing <dwing@cisco.com> wrote:

> On Apr 23, 2014, at 7:26 AM, Paul Hoffman <paul.hoffman@vpnc.org> =
wrote:
>=20
>> On Apr 23, 2014, at 6:47 AM, Dan Wing <dan@danwing.org> wrote:
>>=20
>>> For discussion.
>>>=20
>>> DNS queries and responses are visible to network elements on the =
path
>>> between the DNS client and its server.  These queries and responses
>>> can contain privacy-sensitive information which is valuable to
>>> protect.  An active attacker can send bogus responses causing
>>> misdirection of the subsequent connection.
>>>=20
>>> To counter passive listening and active attacks, this document
>>> proposes the use of Datagram Transport Layer Security (DTLS) for =
DNS,
>>> to protect against passive listeners and certain active attacks.  As
>>> DNS needs to remain fast, this proposal also discusses mechanisms to
>>> reduce DTLS round trips and reduce DTLS handshake size.  The =
proposed
>>> mechanism runs over the default DNS port and can also run over an
>>> alternate port.
>>>=20
>>> http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-wing-dnsop-dnsodtls
>>=20
>> This proposes to run a binary protocol (DTLS) over port 53. It says =
"A DNS client or server that does not implement this specification will =
not respond to the incoming DTLS packets because they don't parse as DNS =
packets (the DNS Opcode would be 15, which is undefined)."
>>=20
>> Has anyone run any tests against currently deployed recursive =
resolvers and authoritative servers to see what they do when sent the =
initial DTLS packet?
>=20
> Paul,
>  openssl s_client -dtls1 -connect 1.2.3.4:53 -debug
> substituting 1.2.3.4 for the server you want to test, and in another =
window do tcpdump port 53.

Sure. What were the results of your testing?

--Paul Hoffman=


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On Apr 23, 2014, at 6:47 AM, Dan Wing <dan@danwing.org> wrote:

> For discussion.
>=20
>   DNS queries and responses are visible to network elements on the =
path
>   between the DNS client and its server.  These queries and responses
>   can contain privacy-sensitive information which is valuable to
>   protect.  An active attacker can send bogus responses causing
>   misdirection of the subsequent connection.
>=20
>   To counter passive listening and active attacks, this document
>   proposes the use of Datagram Transport Layer Security (DTLS) for =
DNS,
>   to protect against passive listeners and certain active attacks.  As
>   DNS needs to remain fast, this proposal also discusses mechanisms to
>   reduce DTLS round trips and reduce DTLS handshake size.  The =
proposed
>   mechanism runs over the default DNS port and can also run over an
>   alternate port.
>=20
> http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-wing-dnsop-dnsodtls

a:  With the need to do all the handshaking, you gain only a little from =
doing dTLS over UDP rather than TLS over TCP.  So why use UDP with all =
its headaches?  Just use TCP and conventional TLS rather than DTLS, =
especially when you are talking about mucking with the handshake.

b:  DO NOT USE PORT 53 for this:  There are far far too many networks =
(1%+) that reinterpret DNS requests or just outright block all DNS to =
non-approved servers, and more still which block non-DNS over DNS.

--
Nicholas Weaver                  it is a tale, told by an idiot,
nweaver@icsi.berkeley.edu                full of sound and fury,
510-666-2903                                 .signifying nothing
PGP: http://www1.icsi.berkeley.edu/~nweaver/data/nweaver_pub.asc


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From nobody Wed Apr 23 11:44:48 2014
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Subject: Re: [dns-privacy] [DNSOP] DNS over DTLS (DNSoD)
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for reasons well-spoken up-thread, if we're going to add a dns
transport, i'd like it to be RFC 6013 style TCP (in which session
context can be compressed and retained after FIN for full-window-size
restart, and which permits the query to be bundled into the SYN packet),
or at a minimum, SCTP.

DTLS does not solve any of the problems described at
<https://queue.acm.org/detail.cfm?id=2578510>.

vixie


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On Wed, 23 Apr 2014, Nicholas Weaver wrote:

> b:  DO NOT USE PORT 53 for this:  There are far far too many networks (1%+) that reinterpret DNS requests or just outright block all DNS to non-approved servers, and more still which block non-DNS over DNS.

Yes, I fully agree with this. It was a major objection for me to CurveDNS
as well

No, I fully disagree with this. Port 53 TCP has a much better chance at
working these days than a random other newly assigned port.

I'll go get a comfort coffee now.....

Paul
ps. leaning towards "custom crypto that fits in DNS formats"


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Subject: Re: [dns-privacy] [DNSOP] DNS over DTLS (DNSoD)
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On Apr 23, 2014, at 1:00 PM, Paul Wouters <paul@nohats.ca> wrote:
> No, I fully disagree with this. Port 53 TCP has a much better chance =
at
> working these days than a random other newly assigned port.

Not true.  Port 53 is far more molested than "random":  INBOUND firewall =
rules prevent you from running new services without firewall rule =
modifications, but outbound blocking is far less common.  (Our test port =
for this is TCP 1947 with Netalyzr).


--
Nicholas Weaver                  it is a tale, told by an idiot,
nweaver@icsi.berkeley.edu                full of sound and fury,
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From nobody Wed Apr 23 15:32:47 2014
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Subject: Re: [dns-privacy] [DNSOP] DNS over DTLS (DNSoD)
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I agree that DTLS does not solve any problems for DNS. The basic
problem is that DTLS is still based around the notion of a session
where the server stores per connection state. So you might as well use
TLS for this application.

But TLS is not the only option available. Or rather using TLS to
secure DNS is not the only option possible. If we use TLS to do a
kerberos like key exchange, we can generate a shared secret and a
ticket which can then be used to secure all future communications
without changing from UDP.

We can't run over port 53 (trust me, I tried). But we can nominate the
ports to use in the key exchange setup.

The resulting protocol works in about 93-98% of network situations
(depending on how you measure). So you still need a Web Service
backup. But it does work pretty well.




On Wed, Apr 23, 2014 at 2:41 PM, Paul Vixie <paul@redbarn.org> wrote:
> for reasons well-spoken up-thread, if we're going to add a dns
> transport, i'd like it to be RFC 6013 style TCP (in which session
> context can be compressed and retained after FIN for full-window-size
> restart, and which permits the query to be bundled into the SYN packet),
> or at a minimum, SCTP.
>
> DTLS does not solve any of the problems described at
> <https://queue.acm.org/detail.cfm?id=2578510>.
>
> vixie
>
> _______________________________________________
> DNSOP mailing list
> DNSOP@ietf.org
> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/dnsop



-- 
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Subject: Re: [dns-privacy] [DNSOP] DNS over DTLS (DNSoD)
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On 23 Apr 2014, at 18:32, Phillip Hallam-Baker <hallam@gmail.com> wrote:

> We can't run over port 53 (trust me, I tried).

You have doubts about the approach described in =
draft-hzhwm-start-tls-for-dns-00? Those would be interesting to hear; I =
find that draft (and the accompanying t-dns technical report) to be =
quite compelling.

If you have doubts, are you mainly concerned about transactions between =
recursive and authority servers, or between stub resolvers and recursive =
servers?


Joe=


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On Wed, Apr 23, 2014 at 7:11 PM, Joe Abley <jabley@hopcount.ca> wrote:
>
> On 23 Apr 2014, at 18:32, Phillip Hallam-Baker <hallam@gmail.com> wrote:
>
>> We can't run over port 53 (trust me, I tried).
>
> You have doubts about the approach described in draft-hzhwm-start-tls-for-dns-00? Those would be interesting to hear; I find that draft (and the accompanying t-dns technical report) to be quite compelling.
>
> If you have doubts, are you mainly concerned about transactions between recursive and authority servers, or between stub resolvers and recursive servers?

I meant Port 53 UDP. There is just too much middlebox stuff that gets
in the way.

Port 53 TCP might be viable.



-- 
Website: http://hallambaker.com/


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Date: Wed, 23 Apr 2014 21:46:59 -0400 (EDT)
From: Paul Wouters <paul@nohats.ca>
To: Nicholas Weaver <nweaver@icsi.berkeley.edu>
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Subject: Re: [dns-privacy] [DNSOP] DNS over DTLS (DNSoD)
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On Wed, 23 Apr 2014, Nicholas Weaver wrote:

> On Apr 23, 2014, at 1:00 PM, Paul Wouters <paul@nohats.ca> wrote:
>> No, I fully disagree with this. Port 53 TCP has a much better chance at
>> working these days than a random other newly assigned port.
>
> Not true.  Port 53 is far more molested than "random":  INBOUND firewall rules prevent you from running new services without firewall rule modifications, but outbound blocking is far less common.  (Our test port for this is TCP 1947 with Netalyzr).

Provided you use "traditional DNS" perhaps? Once you account for roaming
around different network, I think you will see port 53 us regularly 
transparently proxied to a local DNS server. When those see something
they don't understand because its not "traditional DNS", you'll lose.

Paul


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In-reply-to: Your message of "Wed, 23 Apr 2014 21:46:59 -0400." <alpine.LFD.2.10.1404232145120.4391@bofh.nohats.ca>
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Subject: Re: [dns-privacy] [DNSOP] DNS over DTLS (DNSoD)
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In message <alpine.LFD.2.10.1404232145120.4391@bofh.nohats.ca>, Paul Wouters writes:
> On Wed, 23 Apr 2014, Nicholas Weaver wrote:
> 
> > On Apr 23, 2014, at 1:00 PM, Paul Wouters <paul@nohats.ca> wrote:
> >> No, I fully disagree with this. Port 53 TCP has a much better chance at
> >> working these days than a random other newly assigned port.
> >
> > Not true.  Port 53 is far more molested than "random":  INBOUND firewall rules prevent you from running new services without firewall rule modifications
> , but outbound blocking is far less common.  (Our test port for this is TCP 1947 with Netalyzr).
> 
> Provided you use "traditional DNS" perhaps? Once you account for roaming
> around different network, I think you will see port 53 us regularly 
> transparently proxied to a local DNS server. When those see something
> they don't understand because its not "traditional DNS", you'll lose.
> 
> Paul

Which doesn't handle RD=0 queries and often doesn't handle DNSSEC.

This still isn't a reason to not use port 53.  It is a reason to
write "Transparent DNS Proxies Considered Harmful".

It is a reason to have a DHCP{v6} option for "hotspot registration".

Mark
 
> _______________________________________________
> dns-privacy mailing list
> dns-privacy@ietf.org
> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/dns-privacy
-- 
Mark Andrews, ISC
1 Seymour St., Dundas Valley, NSW 2117, Australia
PHONE: +61 2 9871 4742                 INTERNET: marka@isc.org


From nobody Wed Apr 23 23:13:21 2014
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Date: Thu, 24 Apr 2014 08:11:28 +0200
From: Stephane Bortzmeyer <bortzmeyer@nic.fr>
To: Paul Hoffman <paul.hoffman@vpnc.org>
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References: <11620EF1-D80F-4B2E-87CB-DE65EB35D672@danwing.org> <491D9439-C6A9-4B38-8754-A9CBCA642C40@vpnc.org> <C9F41760-EBC0-4ECF-8762-3DEAC93E1C31@cisco.com> <63843A6C-33AF-4A65-87FA-281FF9E996CC@vpnc.org>
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Subject: Re: [dns-privacy] DNS over DTLS (DNSoD)
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On Wed, Apr 23, 2014 at 09:16:29AM -0700,
 Paul Hoffman <paul.hoffman@vpnc.org> wrote 
 a message of 39 lines which said:

> Sure. What were the results of your testing?

I quickly tested with .FR authoritative name servers and both NSD and
BIND seem to silently ignore the incoming request. No response is seen
coming back.

08:08:44.460710 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 64, id 8611, offset 0, flags [DF],
proto UDP (17), length 192)
    192.168.1.10.48864 > 194.0.9.1.53: [udp sum ok] 5886 zoneRef*-|
    [0q] 0/0/0 (164)
08:08:45.459519 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 64, id 8612, offset 0, flags [DF],
proto UDP (17), length 192)
    192.168.1.10.48864 > 194.0.9.1.53: [udp sum ok] 5886 zoneRef*-|
    [0q] 0/0/256 ar:
    ^A^@^@M-^K^@^@^@^@^@^@^@M-^KM-~M-^?SXM-*l^P^^^TM-"n4^gs^OM-ylMM-S0M-9M-=M-^F_^D^V4^NM-us{^^:^@^@^@XM-@^TM-@^JM-@"M-@!^@9^@8^@M-^H^@M-^GM-@^OM-@^E^@5^@M-^DM-@^RM-@^HM-@^\M-@^[^@^V^@^SM-@^MM-@^C^@^JM-@^SM-@^IM-@^_M-@^^^@3^@2^@M-^Z^@M-^Y^@E^@DM-@^NM-@^D^@/^@M-^V^@A^@^U^@^R^@^I^@^T^@^Q^@^H^@^F^@M-^?^A^@^@^I^@#^@^@^@^O^@^A^A.[|domain]
08:08:47.459513 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 64, id 8613, offset 0, flags [DF],
proto UDP (17), length 192)
    192.168.1.10.48864 > 194.0.9.1.53: [udp sum ok] 5886 zoneRef*-|
    [0q] 0/0/512 ar:
    ^A^@^@M-^K^@^@^@^@^@^@^@M-^KM-~M-^?SXM-*l^P^^^TM-"n4^gs^OM-ylMM-S0M-9M-=M-^F_^D^V4^NM-us{^^:^@^@^@XM-@^TM-@^JM-@"M-@!^@9^@8^@M-^H^@M-^GM-@^OM-@^E^@5^@M-^DM-@^RM-@^HM-@^\M-@^[^@^V^@^SM-@^MM-@^C^@^JM-@^SM-@^IM-@^_M-@^^^@3^@2^@M-^Z^@M-^Y^@E^@DM-@^NM-@^D^@/^@M-^V^@A^@^U^@^R^@^I^@^T^@^Q^@^H^@^F^@M-^?^A^@^@^I^@#^@^@^@^O^@^A^A.[|domain]


From nobody Thu Apr 24 05:42:28 2014
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Subject: [dns-privacy] Back to the core effort
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All,
     I would like to encourage folks to return focus to the main effort
of getting the problem statement document completed.  That will drive
any effort to charter a WG to formulate and assess any solutions in this
space.

Regards,
Brian


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From nobody Thu Apr 24 06:27:36 2014
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From: "Tirumaleswar Reddy (tireddy)" <tireddy@cisco.com>
To: Paul Vixie <paul@redbarn.org>, Dan Wing <dan@danwing.org>
Thread-Topic: [DNSOP] DNS over DTLS (DNSoD)
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Date: Thu, 24 Apr 2014 13:27:24 +0000
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Subject: Re: [dns-privacy] [DNSOP] DNS over DTLS (DNSoD)
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> -----Original Message-----
> From: Paul Vixie [mailto:paul@redbarn.org]
> Sent: Thursday, April 24, 2014 12:11 AM
> To: Dan Wing
> Cc: dnsop@ietf.org; dns-privacy@ietf.org; Prashanth Patil (praspati);
> Tirumaleswar Reddy (tireddy)
> Subject: Re: [DNSOP] DNS over DTLS (DNSoD)
>=20
> for reasons well-spoken up-thread, if we're going to add a dns transport,=
 i'd like
> it to be RFC 6013 style TCP (in which session context can be compressed a=
nd
> retained after FIN for full-window-size restart, and which permits the qu=
ery to
> be bundled into the SYN packet), or at a minimum, SCTP.

SCTP has problems with Firewall and NAT traversal, hence WebRTC is using SC=
TP over DTLS over DNS (http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-rtcweb-data-ch=
annel-08). DNSoD does not require server-side DTLS state, this is achieved =
by the server sending ticket to the DTLS client using the mechanism explain=
ed in RFC 5077.

-Tiru

>=20
> DTLS does not solve any of the problems described at
> <https://queue.acm.org/detail.cfm?id=3D2578510>.
>=20
> vixie


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From: "Tirumaleswar Reddy (tireddy)" <tireddy@cisco.com>
To: Nicholas Weaver <nweaver@icsi.berkeley.edu>, Paul Wouters <paul@nohats.ca>
Thread-Topic: [dns-privacy] [DNSOP] DNS over DTLS (DNSoD)
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Subject: Re: [dns-privacy] [DNSOP] DNS over DTLS (DNSoD)
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> -----Original Message-----
> From: dns-privacy [mailto:dns-privacy-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of Nich=
olas
> Weaver
> Sent: Thursday, April 24, 2014 1:58 AM
> To: Paul Wouters
> Cc: dnsop; Nicholas Weaver; dns-privacy@ietf.org
> Subject: Re: [dns-privacy] [DNSOP] DNS over DTLS (DNSoD)
>=20
>=20
> On Apr 23, 2014, at 1:00 PM, Paul Wouters <paul@nohats.ca> wrote:
> > No, I fully disagree with this. Port 53 TCP has a much better chance
> > at working these days than a random other newly assigned port.

On the contrary, Firewalls are configured today to permit UDP port 53 and b=
lock TCP port 53. Why should firewalls change their configuration ?
DNSoD does not require any changes to the Firewall configuration. Browsers =
already support DTLS because of WebRTC (SRTP-DTLS for media streams, SCTP o=
ver DTLS over UDP for data channels).

Cheers,
-Tiru

>=20
> Not true.  Port 53 is far more molested than "random":  INBOUND firewall =
rules
> prevent you from running new services without firewall rule modifications=
, but
> outbound blocking is far less common.  (Our test port for this is TCP 194=
7 with
> Netalyzr).
>=20
>=20
> --
> Nicholas Weaver                  it is a tale, told by an idiot,
> nweaver@icsi.berkeley.edu                full of sound and fury,
> 510-666-2903                                 .signifying nothing
> PGP: http://www1.icsi.berkeley.edu/~nweaver/data/nweaver_pub.asc


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From: Ralf Weber <dns@fl1ger.de>
Date: Thu, 24 Apr 2014 15:52:20 +0200
To: "Tirumaleswar Reddy (tireddy)" <tireddy@cisco.com>
Archived-At: http://mailarchive.ietf.org/arch/msg/dns-privacy/NWXj0gDqIUCWvSCGB7aRjSI5Ckc
Cc: dnsop <dnsop@ietf.org>, Paul Wouters <paul@nohats.ca>, Nicholas Weaver <nweaver@icsi.berkeley.edu>, "dns-privacy@ietf.org" <dns-privacy@ietf.org>
Subject: Re: [dns-privacy] [DNSOP] DNS over DTLS (DNSoD)
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Moin!


On 24.04.2014, at 15:28, "Tirumaleswar Reddy (tireddy)" <tireddy@cisco.com> w=
rote:

>> -----Original Message-----
>> From: dns-privacy [mailto:dns-privacy-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of Nich=
olas
>> Weaver
>> Sent: Thursday, April 24, 2014 1:58 AM
>> To: Paul Wouters
>> Cc: dnsop; Nicholas Weaver; dns-privacy@ietf.org
>> Subject: Re: [dns-privacy] [DNSOP] DNS over DTLS (DNSoD)
>>=20
>>=20
>>> On Apr 23, 2014, at 1:00 PM, Paul Wouters <paul@nohats.ca> wrote:
>>> No, I fully disagree with this. Port 53 TCP has a much better chance
>>> at working these days than a random other newly assigned port.
>=20
> On the contrary, Firewalls are configured today to permit UDP port 53 and b=
lock TCP port 53. Why should firewalls change their configuration ?
I know lots of firewalls that also allow TCP/53, but the real problem with a=
ll these middle boxes that make changing DNS hard is that they believe to un=
derstand the full protocol and only pass what they think is right. So everyt=
hing new we come up will be dropped (Been there, done that). We have to be v=
ery careful with changes to the DNS protocol if we want them to be deployed =
=20

So long
Ralf=20

Sent from my iPhone=


From nobody Thu Apr 24 07:19:54 2014
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From: Paul Hoffman <paul.hoffman@vpnc.org>
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References: <11620EF1-D80F-4B2E-87CB-DE65EB35D672@danwing.org> <491D9439-C6A9-4B38-8754-A9CBCA642C40@vpnc.org> <C9F41760-EBC0-4ECF-8762-3DEAC93E1C31@cisco.com> <63843A6C-33AF-4A65-87FA-281FF9E996CC@vpnc.org> <20140424061128.GA27677@nic.fr>
To: Stephane Bortzmeyer <bortzmeyer@nic.fr>
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Subject: Re: [dns-privacy] DNS over DTLS (DNSoD)
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On Apr 23, 2014, at 11:11 PM, Stephane Bortzmeyer <bortzmeyer@nic.fr> =
wrote:

> On Wed, Apr 23, 2014 at 09:16:29AM -0700,
> Paul Hoffman <paul.hoffman@vpnc.org> wrote=20
> a message of 39 lines which said:
>=20
>> Sure. What were the results of your testing?
>=20
> I quickly tested with .FR authoritative name servers and both NSD and
> BIND seem to silently ignore the incoming request. No response is seen
> coming back.
>=20
> 08:08:44.460710 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 64, id 8611, offset 0, flags [DF],
> proto UDP (17), length 192)
>    192.168.1.10.48864 > 194.0.9.1.53: [udp sum ok] 5886 zoneRef*-|
>    [0q] 0/0/0 (164)
> 08:08:45.459519 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 64, id 8612, offset 0, flags [DF],
> proto UDP (17), length 192)
>    192.168.1.10.48864 > 194.0.9.1.53: [udp sum ok] 5886 zoneRef*-|
>    [0q] 0/0/256 ar:
>    =
^A^@^@M-^K^@^@^@^@^@^@^@M-^KM-~M-^?SXM-*l^P^^^TM-"n4^gs^OM-ylMM-S0M-9M-=3D=
M-^F_^D^V4^NM-us{^^:^@^@^@XM-@^TM-@^JM-@"M-@!^@9^@8^@M-^H^@M-^GM-@^OM-@^E^=
@5^@M-^DM-@^RM-@^HM-@^\M-@^[^@^V^@^SM-@^MM-@^C^@^JM-@^SM-@^IM-@^_M-@^^^@3^=
@2^@M-^Z^@M-^Y^@E^@DM-@^NM-@^D^@/^@M-^V^@A^@^U^@^R^@^I^@^T^@^Q^@^H^@^F^@M-=
^?^A^@^@^I^@#^@^@^@^O^@^A^A.[|domain]
> 08:08:47.459513 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 64, id 8613, offset 0, flags [DF],
> proto UDP (17), length 192)
>    192.168.1.10.48864 > 194.0.9.1.53: [udp sum ok] 5886 zoneRef*-|
>    [0q] 0/0/512 ar:
>    =
^A^@^@M-^K^@^@^@^@^@^@^@M-^KM-~M-^?SXM-*l^P^^^TM-"n4^gs^OM-ylMM-S0M-9M-=3D=
M-^F_^D^V4^NM-us{^^:^@^@^@XM-@^TM-@^JM-@"M-@!^@9^@8^@M-^H^@M-^GM-@^OM-@^E^=
@5^@M-^DM-@^RM-@^HM-@^\M-@^[^@^V^@^SM-@^MM-@^C^@^JM-@^SM-@^IM-@^_M-@^^^@3^=
@2^@M-^Z^@M-^Y^@E^@DM-@^NM-@^D^@/^@M-^V^@A^@^U^@^R^@^I^@^T^@^Q^@^H^@^F^@M-=
^?^A^@^@^I^@#^@^@^@^O^@^A^A.[|domain]

Thanks, this is the kind of data I was looking for. The draft seems to =
assume that the server will give an error, not no response.

--Paul Hoffman=


From nobody Thu Apr 24 07:53:20 2014
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Date: Thu, 24 Apr 2014 10:53:08 -0400
Message-ID: <CAMm+LwhOuCpaNivzqcBdHRpfxdL=qizdiErhsJwxU1RS8O4hYQ@mail.gmail.com>
From: Phillip Hallam-Baker <hallam@gmail.com>
To: Ralf Weber <dns@fl1ger.de>
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Subject: Re: [dns-privacy] [DNSOP]  DNS over DTLS (DNSoD)
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On Thu, Apr 24, 2014 at 9:52 AM, Ralf Weber <dns@fl1ger.de> wrote:
> Moin!
>
>
> On 24.04.2014, at 15:28, "Tirumaleswar Reddy (tireddy)" <tireddy@cisco.co=
m> wrote:
>
>>> -----Original Message-----
>>> From: dns-privacy [mailto:dns-privacy-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of Ni=
cholas
>>> Weaver
>>> Sent: Thursday, April 24, 2014 1:58 AM
>>> To: Paul Wouters
>>> Cc: dnsop; Nicholas Weaver; dns-privacy@ietf.org
>>> Subject: Re: [dns-privacy] [DNSOP] DNS over DTLS (DNSoD)
>>>
>>>
>>>> On Apr 23, 2014, at 1:00 PM, Paul Wouters <paul@nohats.ca> wrote:
>>>> No, I fully disagree with this. Port 53 TCP has a much better chance
>>>> at working these days than a random other newly assigned port.
>>
>> On the contrary, Firewalls are configured today to permit UDP port 53 an=
d block TCP port 53. Why should firewalls change their configuration ?
> I know lots of firewalls that also allow TCP/53, but the real problem wit=
h all these middle boxes that make changing DNS hard is that they believe t=
o understand the full protocol and only pass what they think is right. So e=
verything new we come up will be dropped (Been there, done that). We have t=
o be very careful with changes to the DNS protocol if we want them to be de=
ployed

+1

If you want to use TLS with DNS then use port 443. One of the effects
of firewalls is that we now only have three ports for all protocols:

Port 80/UDP: Non SSL traffic
Port 443/TCP: SSL traffic
Port 53/UDP: DNS

Which is why the HTTP/2.0 crowd have adopted 'always TLS', not for
encryption, they want to bypass firewalls. And the reason some of us
are pushing back on that is that some of them propose weakening TLS to
make this practical.

Now this approach is of course reprehensible. People are deploying
firewalls for legitimate reasons. And there are some circumstances in
which your traffic not getting out is exactly what should happen.

There are also circumstances where censorship bypass is important and
legitimate.


If you want to run DNS over TCP then I suggest that you simply build a
mechanism to advise on the port to use into whatever upgrade mechanism
you attempt. Then you can use 443, 8443, whatever works.

But the result is rather Rube-Goldberg. My version of digg exploded
from a few hundred kb to 2Mb because it now has the whole of OpenSSL
embedded. (Although the same might well happen if I implemented
DNSSEC)

I don't like that approach. TLS is optimized for a particular purpose
and DNS is a very different problem. We end up using only a fraction
of the features. And as heartbleed shows, an unused feature can still
cause failure. In fact its always been the underused parts of TLS
where problems have emerged - client auth, renegotiation, heartbeat.


I would prefer to separate out the key negotiation from the DNS
protocol. The complex part is the key negotiation. Applying crypo to
messages is pretty easy (albeit not foolproof as heartbeat shows).

One of the features you will note in both CBOR and JSON-B is that we
both use byte length markers to specify the length of binary and text
fields but we don't use them to denote lists or structures.

There is a good reason for that, using byte counts to measure
structures is inherently ambiguous if the inner lengths are larger
than the outer.


Just finishing up a draft. Got to get over this cold first.

--=20
Website: http://hallambaker.com/


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To: Phillip Hallam-Baker <hallam@gmail.com>
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Subject: Re: [dns-privacy] [DNSOP]  DNS over DTLS (DNSoD)
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On 24 Apr 2014, at 10:53, Phillip Hallam-Baker <hallam@gmail.com> wrote:

> If you want to use TLS with DNS then use port 443. One of the effects
> of firewalls is that we now only have three ports for all protocols:
>=20
> Port 80/UDP: Non SSL traffic
> Port 443/TCP: SSL traffic
> Port 53/UDP: DNS

I think it's important to frame the problem space. I suspect that the =
firewall challenges you cite most often apply to communications between =
stub resolvers and recursive resolvers, for hosts that are using an =
off-net resolver (directly, or via a proxy).

I also suspect that any ISP who has ever decided to install firewalls or =
other packet-mangling middleware in front of their resolver service (and =
is still in business) has by now collected many reasons not to do that, =
and that the network path between ISP resolver and authority servers is =
very likely to be clean. For ISP, read campus, enterprise, etc as =
appropriate.

I have no science to back up my suspicions, here. Given that others =
apparently have different suspicions, equally plausible, perhaps science =
is needed. However, I'll note that the conversations surrounding the =
problem statement in London all seemed to support separating these two =
uses of the protocol.

I don't think it's worth butchering the protocol if it turns out that we =
have an easy and clean solution that works for a significant part of the =
problem space (resolvers talking to authority servers), which is what =
t-dns/draft-hzhwm-start-tls-for-dns looks like to me.

This compartmentalisation of the problem space reminds me of RFC 4409, =
and makes me wonder whether there's a way to replace stub-resolver =
communications with something new without breaking everything. After =
all, in a very real sense we really only have two edge platforms to =
worry about (Android and iOS).


Joe=


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From: Phillip Hallam-Baker <hallam@gmail.com>
To: Joe Abley <jabley@hopcount.ca>
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Subject: Re: [dns-privacy] [DNSOP] DNS over DTLS (DNSoD)
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On Thu, Apr 24, 2014 at 11:19 AM, Joe Abley <jabley@hopcount.ca> wrote:
>
> On 24 Apr 2014, at 10:53, Phillip Hallam-Baker <hallam@gmail.com> wrote:
>
>> If you want to use TLS with DNS then use port 443. One of the effects
>> of firewalls is that we now only have three ports for all protocols:
>>
>> Port 80/UDP: Non SSL traffic
>> Port 443/TCP: SSL traffic
>> Port 53/UDP: DNS
>
> I think it's important to frame the problem space. I suspect that the fir=
ewall challenges you cite most often apply to communications between stub r=
esolvers and recursive resolvers, for hosts that are using an off-net resol=
ver (directly, or via a proxy).
>
> I also suspect that any ISP who has ever decided to install firewalls or =
other packet-mangling middleware in front of their resolver service (and is=
 still in business) has by now collected many reasons not to do that, and t=
hat the network path between ISP resolver and authority servers is very lik=
ely to be clean. For ISP, read campus, enterprise, etc as appropriate.

My interest at the start was censorship prevention so my interest is
almost exclusively client-resolver. It does look like a totally
different protocol to resolver-authoritative though.

Since what we are concerned with here is (also) privacy, I agree that
the resolver-authoritative loop is also in play. But that is a vastly
lower priority than the client-resolver loop. If you don't solve that,
you don't have any solution.

The two problems are completely separate from a trust point of view.
For key management in the Resolver-Authoritative loop you almost
certainly want to use DNSSEC. But in the client-resolver loop you
might well want to use WebPKI because you would want accountability.


> I have no science to back up my suspicions, here. Given that others appar=
ently have different suspicions, equally plausible, perhaps science is need=
ed. However, I'll note that the conversations surrounding the problem state=
ment in London all seemed to support separating these two uses of the proto=
col.
>
> I don't think it's worth butchering the protocol if it turns out that we =
have an easy and clean solution that works for a significant part of the pr=
oblem space (resolvers talking to authority servers), which is what t-dns/d=
raft-hzhwm-start-tls-for-dns looks like to me.

You know when people use loaded terms like 'butchering the protocol'
to mean 'do it a different way to me' I start to get a little cross.

For me the idea of putting TLS traffic over the same port as non TLS
traffic without careful attention to how the upgrade is achieved would
be 'butchering the protocol'. Changing the port number to one that is
known to work is a cleaner approach.


--=20
Website: http://hallambaker.com/


From nobody Thu Apr 24 08:39:48 2014
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From: "Tirumaleswar Reddy (tireddy)" <tireddy@cisco.com>
To: Paul Hoffman <paul.hoffman@vpnc.org>, Stephane Bortzmeyer <bortzmeyer@nic.fr>
Thread-Topic: [dns-privacy] DNS over DTLS (DNSoD)
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Subject: Re: [dns-privacy] DNS over DTLS (DNSoD)
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> -----Original Message-----
> From: dns-privacy [mailto:dns-privacy-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of Paul
> Hoffman
> Sent: Thursday, April 24, 2014 7:49 PM
> To: Stephane Bortzmeyer
> Cc: dns-privacy@ietf.org; dnsop; Dan Wing (dwing)
> Subject: Re: [dns-privacy] DNS over DTLS (DNSoD)
>=20
> On Apr 23, 2014, at 11:11 PM, Stephane Bortzmeyer <bortzmeyer@nic.fr>
> wrote:
>=20
> > On Wed, Apr 23, 2014 at 09:16:29AM -0700, Paul Hoffman
> > <paul.hoffman@vpnc.org> wrote a message of 39 lines which said:
> >
> >> Sure. What were the results of your testing?
> >
> > I quickly tested with .FR authoritative name servers and both NSD and
> > BIND seem to silently ignore the incoming request. No response is seen
> > coming back.
> >
> > 08:08:44.460710 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 64, id 8611, offset 0, flags [DF],
> > proto UDP (17), length 192)
> >    192.168.1.10.48864 > 194.0.9.1.53: [udp sum ok] 5886 zoneRef*-|
> >    [0q] 0/0/0 (164)
> > 08:08:45.459519 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 64, id 8612, offset 0, flags [DF],
> > proto UDP (17), length 192)
> >    192.168.1.10.48864 > 194.0.9.1.53: [udp sum ok] 5886 zoneRef*-|
> >    [0q] 0/0/256 ar:
> >
> > ^A^@^@M-^K^@^@^@^@^@^@^@M-^KM-~M-^?SXM-*l^P^^^TM-
> "n4^gs^OM-ylMM-S0M-9M
> > -=3DM-^F_^D^V4^NM-us{^^:^@^@^@XM-@^TM-@^JM-@"M-
> @!^@9^@8^@M-^H^@M-^GM-@^O
> > M-@^E^@5^@M-^DM-@^RM-@^HM-@^\M-@^[^@^V^@^SM-@^MM-
> @^C^@^JM-@^SM-@^IM-@^
> > _M-@^^^@3^@2^@M-^Z^@M-^Y^@E^@DM-@^NM-@^D^@/^@M-
> ^V^@A^@^U^@^R^@^I^@^T^@
> > ^Q^@^H^@^F^@M-^?^A^@^@^I^@#^@^@^@^O^@^A^A.[|domain]
> > 08:08:47.459513 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 64, id 8613, offset 0, flags [DF],
> > proto UDP (17), length 192)
> >    192.168.1.10.48864 > 194.0.9.1.53: [udp sum ok] 5886 zoneRef*-|
> >    [0q] 0/0/512 ar:
> >
> > ^A^@^@M-^K^@^@^@^@^@^@^@M-^KM-~M-^?SXM-*l^P^^^TM-
> "n4^gs^OM-ylMM-S0M-9M
> > -=3DM-^F_^D^V4^NM-us{^^:^@^@^@XM-@^TM-@^JM-@"M-
> @!^@9^@8^@M-^H^@M-^GM-@^O
> > M-@^E^@5^@M-^DM-@^RM-@^HM-@^\M-@^[^@^V^@^SM-@^MM-
> @^C^@^JM-@^SM-@^IM-@^
> > _M-@^^^@3^@2^@M-^Z^@M-^Y^@E^@DM-@^NM-@^D^@/^@M-
> ^V^@A^@^U^@^R^@^I^@^T^@
> > ^Q^@^H^@^F^@M-^?^A^@^@^I^@#^@^@^@^O^@^A^A.[|domain]
>=20
> Thanks, this is the kind of data I was looking for. The draft seems to as=
sume that
> the server will give an error, not no response.

No, the draft states that the DNS server will send no response. Please refe=
r to section 5 of the draft http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-wing-dnsop-dns=
odtls-00#section-5=20

<snip>

   After performing the above steps, the host should determine if the
   DNS server supports DNSoD by sending a DTLS ClientHello message.  A
   DNS server that does not support DNSoD will not respond to
   ClientHello messages sent by the client, because they are not valid
   DNS requests (specifically, the DNS Opcode is invalid).

</snip>

-Tiru

>=20
> --Paul Hoffman
> _______________________________________________
> dns-privacy mailing list
> dns-privacy@ietf.org
> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/dns-privacy


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Subject: Re: [dns-privacy] DNS over DTLS (DNSoD)
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On Apr 24, 2014, at 8:39 AM, Tirumaleswar Reddy (tireddy) =
<tireddy@cisco.com> wrote:

> No, the draft states that the DNS server will send no response. Please =
refer to section 5 of the draft =
http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-wing-dnsop-dnsodtls-00#section-5=20
>=20
> <snip>
>=20
>   After performing the above steps, the host should determine if the
>   DNS server supports DNSoD by sending a DTLS ClientHello message.  A
>   DNS server that does not support DNSoD will not respond to
>   ClientHello messages sent by the client, because they are not valid
>   DNS requests (specifically, the DNS Opcode is invalid).
>=20
> </snip>

Sorry, you are right, and I had misread that.

--Paul Hoffman=


From nobody Thu Apr 24 15:59:35 2014
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From: John Heidemann <johnh@isi.edu>
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Cc: dnsop <dnsop@ietf.org>, dns-privacy@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [dns-privacy] [DNSOP] DNS over DTLS (DNSoD)
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On Thu, 24 Apr 2014 11:32:12 -0400, Phillip Hallam-Baker wrote: 
>...
>
>For me the idea of putting TLS traffic over the same port as non TLS
>traffic without careful attention to how the upgrade is achieved would
>be 'butchering the protocol'. Changing the port number to one that is
>known to work is a cleaner approach.
>
>...

Agreed that TLS upgrade must be done carefully.

Fortunately we have a number of protocools that have survived a TLS
retrofit:  IMAP, STMP, POP3, FTP, XMPP, LDAP, NNTP (according to 
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/STARTTLS).

Several of these protocols are used over WANs, although I would guess
DNS has far more frequent "help" from transparent middleboxes than they
do, so YMMV.  I think SMTP is a pretty compelling argument that the
World May Not End to do STARTTLS, though.

It is true that a new port "solves" the "oh noes, something changed and
I, the firewall/middlebox, hate you" problem.  However, it solves that
by by turning it into the "oh noes, why should I, the firewall, ever
open this new port for you".  (As as been pointed out.)  It seems like a
trade-off about which pain one wants to endure.

   -John


From nobody Thu Apr 24 21:44:59 2014
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To: Paul Hoffman <paul.hoffman@vpnc.org>
From: Mark Andrews <marka@isc.org>
References: <11620EF1-D80F-4B2E-87CB-DE65EB35D672@danwing.org> <491D9439-C6A9-4B38-8754-A9CBCA642C40@vpnc.org> <C9F41760-EBC0-4ECF-8762-3DEAC93E1C31@cisco.com> <63843A6C-33AF-4A65-87FA-281FF9E996CC@vpnc.org> <20140424061128.GA27677@nic.fr> <995CF19C-6E1E-4282-BEA1-9991214E6653@vpnc.org>
In-reply-to: Your message of "Thu, 24 Apr 2014 07:19:14 -0700." <995CF19C-6E1E-4282-BEA1-9991214E6653@vpnc.org>
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Subject: Re: [dns-privacy] [DNSOP]  DNS over DTLS (DNSoD)
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If you want a response "QR" needs to be zero.  Note the "*" which
indicates the packet is a response (QR=1).

In message <995CF19C-6E1E-4282-BEA1-9991214E6653@vpnc.org>, Paul Hoffman writes:
> On Apr 23, 2014, at 11:11 PM, Stephane Bortzmeyer <bortzmeyer@nic.fr> wrote:
> 
> > On Wed, Apr 23, 2014 at 09:16:29AM -0700,
> > Paul Hoffman <paul.hoffman@vpnc.org> wrote 
> > a message of 39 lines which said:
> > 
> >> Sure. What were the results of your testing?
> > 
> > I quickly tested with .FR authoritative name servers and both NSD and
> > BIND seem to silently ignore the incoming request. No response is seen
> > coming back.
> > 
> > 08:08:44.460710 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 64, id 8611, offset 0, flags [DF],
> > proto UDP (17), length 192)
> >    192.168.1.10.48864 > 194.0.9.1.53: [udp sum ok] 5886 zoneRef*-|
> >    [0q] 0/0/0 (164)
> > 08:08:45.459519 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 64, id 8612, offset 0, flags [DF],
> > proto UDP (17), length 192)
> >    192.168.1.10.48864 > 194.0.9.1.53: [udp sum ok] 5886 zoneRef*-|
> >    [0q] 0/0/256 ar:
> >    ^A^@^@M-^K^@^@^@^@^@^@^@M-^KM-~M-^?SXM-*l^P^^^TM-"n4^gs^OM-ylMM-S0M-9M-=M-^F_^D^V4^NM-us{^^:^@^@^@XM-@^
> TM-@^JM-@"M-@!^@9^@8^@M-^H^@M-^GM-@^OM-@^E^@5^@M-^DM-@^RM-@^HM-@^\M-@^[^@^V^@^SM-@^MM-@^C^@^JM-@^SM-@^IM-@^_
> M-@^^^@3^@2^@M-^Z^@M-^Y^@E^@DM-@^NM-@^D^@/^@M-^V^@A^@^U^@^R^@^I^@^T^@^Q^@^H^@^F^@M-^?^A^@^@^I^@#^@^@^@^O^@^A
> ^A.[|domain]
> > 08:08:47.459513 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 64, id 8613, offset 0, flags [DF],
> > proto UDP (17), length 192)
> >    192.168.1.10.48864 > 194.0.9.1.53: [udp sum ok] 5886 zoneRef*-|
> >    [0q] 0/0/512 ar:
> >    ^A^@^@M-^K^@^@^@^@^@^@^@M-^KM-~M-^?SXM-*l^P^^^TM-"n4^gs^OM-ylMM-S0M-9M-=M-^F_^D^V4^NM-us{^^:^@^@^@XM-@^
> TM-@^JM-@"M-@!^@9^@8^@M-^H^@M-^GM-@^OM-@^E^@5^@M-^DM-@^RM-@^HM-@^\M-@^[^@^V^@^SM-@^MM-@^C^@^JM-@^SM-@^IM-@^_
> M-@^^^@3^@2^@M-^Z^@M-^Y^@E^@DM-@^NM-@^D^@/^@M-^V^@A^@^U^@^R^@^I^@^T^@^Q^@^H^@^F^@M-^?^A^@^@^I^@#^@^@^@^O^@^A
> ^A.[|domain]
> 
> Thanks, this is the kind of data I was looking for. The draft seems to assume that the server will give an e
> rror, not no response.
> 
> --Paul Hoffman
> _______________________________________________
> DNSOP mailing list
> DNSOP@ietf.org
> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/dnsop
-- 
Mark Andrews, ISC
1 Seymour St., Dundas Valley, NSW 2117, Australia
PHONE: +61 2 9871 4742                 INTERNET: marka@isc.org


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From: "Tirumaleswar Reddy (tireddy)" <tireddy@cisco.com>
To: Ralf Weber <dns@fl1ger.de>
Thread-Topic: [dns-privacy] [DNSOP] DNS over DTLS (DNSoD)
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Subject: Re: [dns-privacy] [DNSOP] DNS over DTLS (DNSoD)
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> -----Original Message-----
> From: Ralf Weber [mailto:dns@fl1ger.de]
> Sent: Thursday, April 24, 2014 7:22 PM
> To: Tirumaleswar Reddy (tireddy)
> Cc: Nicholas Weaver; Paul Wouters; dnsop; dns-privacy@ietf.org
> Subject: Re: [dns-privacy] [DNSOP] DNS over DTLS (DNSoD)
>=20
> Moin!
>=20
>=20
> On 24.04.2014, at 15:28, "Tirumaleswar Reddy (tireddy)" <tireddy@cisco.co=
m>
> wrote:
>=20
> >> -----Original Message-----
> >> From: dns-privacy [mailto:dns-privacy-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of
> >> Nicholas Weaver
> >> Sent: Thursday, April 24, 2014 1:58 AM
> >> To: Paul Wouters
> >> Cc: dnsop; Nicholas Weaver; dns-privacy@ietf.org
> >> Subject: Re: [dns-privacy] [DNSOP] DNS over DTLS (DNSoD)
> >>
> >>
> >>> On Apr 23, 2014, at 1:00 PM, Paul Wouters <paul@nohats.ca> wrote:
> >>> No, I fully disagree with this. Port 53 TCP has a much better chance
> >>> at working these days than a random other newly assigned port.
> >
> > On the contrary, Firewalls are configured today to permit UDP port 53 a=
nd
> block TCP port 53. Why should firewalls change their configuration ?
> I know lots of firewalls that also allow TCP/53,=20

Any specific reason for the firewalls to permit TCP/53 other than for zone =
transfer ?

> but the real problem with all
> these middle boxes that make changing DNS hard is that they believe to
> understand the full protocol and only pass what they think is right. So e=
verything
> new we come up will be dropped (Been there, done that). We have to be ver=
y
> careful with changes to the DNS protocol if we want them to be deployed

Agreed, It totally depends on the environment in which the firewall is depl=
oyed, it's capability and configuration.=20

For example
[1] For firewalls  deployed in Enterprise network and the I.T realizing the=
 importance of privacy then FW could be configured to permit DNSoD over 53.=
 Similarly I don't see any problem with the firewall deployed in the Home n=
etwork.
[2] It could be a problem with firewalls deployed in airports, coffee shops=
,  where I.T may not care about privacy, and the  firewall configured could=
 block non-DNS traffic on port 53. In such environments if a user wants pri=
vacy then it's probably better to go with DNS servers that the user trusts.=
 For example DNSCrypt uses UDP/443 by default and if the connectivity with =
the DNS servers fails then it resorts to TCP/443 and it works on UDP/53 too=
. I guess With {D}TLS we will need a similar approach where client tries co=
nnectivity using multiple ports, L4 protocols etc.

Firewalls today are already capable of inspecting the TLS handshake and can=
 also act as {D}TLS proxy.  DTLS is already deployed and used today to secu=
re WebRTC media, data channels and CoAP protocol in IOT environments. Firew=
alls are catching up with these emerging protocols to make sure it works wi=
th them.

Cheers,
-Tiru

>=20
> So long
> Ralf
>=20
> Sent from my iPhone


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Tirumaleswar Reddy (tireddy) <tireddy@cisco.com> wrote:
>
> Any specific reason for the firewalls to permit TCP/53 other than for zone transfer ?

RFC 5966

Tony.
-- 
f.anthony.n.finch  <dot@dotat.at>  http://dotat.at/
South Utsire, Northeast Forties: Easterly 4 or 5, increasing 6 or 7. Slight or
moderate. Fair. Good.


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Subject: Re: [dns-privacy] [DNSOP] DNS over DTLS (DNSoD)
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Moin!

On 25 Apr 2014, at 16:22, Tirumaleswar Reddy (tireddy) =
<tireddy@cisco.com> wrote:
> Any specific reason for the firewalls to permit TCP/53 other than for =
zone transfer ?
Wat? Because it is defined in the RFC. RFC1035 may not been totally =
clear on that. IMHO=20
the language is strong enough, but if not there is RFC5966:
	"All general-purpose DNS implementations MUST support both UDP =
and TCP transport."
Any more questions?! Also all this new DNS stuff like DNSSEC and =
mitigating DNS=20
amplification attack with RRL or similar techniques require that the TCP =
transport works.

So long
-Ralf


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Subject: Re: [dns-privacy] [DNSOP] DNS over DTLS (DNSoD)
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On Fri, Apr 25, 2014 at 10:46 AM, Ralf Weber <dns@fl1ger.de> wrote:
> Moin!
>
> On 25 Apr 2014, at 16:22, Tirumaleswar Reddy (tireddy) <tireddy@cisco.com> wrote:
>> Any specific reason for the firewalls to permit TCP/53 other than for zone transfer ?
> Wat? Because it is defined in the RFC. RFC1035 may not been totally clear on that. IMHO
> the language is strong enough, but if not there is RFC5966:
>         "All general-purpose DNS implementations MUST support both UDP and TCP transport."
> Any more questions?! Also all this new DNS stuff like DNSSEC and mitigating DNS
> amplification attack with RRL or similar techniques require that the TCP transport works.
>
> So long

Yes and RFC 8888 quite definitely says that I get a pony.

The existing DNS works as far as the people running their firewalls
are concerned. The failure of TCP fallback in practice has been an
understood problem for 20+ years.

If people want to design a protocol that is going to be usable, they
are going to end up having to accept some constraints that are not in
the specs.



-- 
Website: http://hallambaker.com/


From nobody Fri Apr 25 11:57:06 2014
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From: Joe Abley <jabley@hopcount.ca>
In-Reply-To: <CAMm+LwiKZJkoHfrVQ_AcwqjRZbASW_4g3okRHhsngubXhnAkdw@mail.gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 25 Apr 2014 14:56:46 -0400
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References: <913383AAA69FF945B8F946018B75898A2431B066@xmb-rcd-x10.cisco.com> <56C5189A-C0EC-4AA1-B8AB-E8A6DEEB99AD@fl1ger.de> <CAMm+LwiKZJkoHfrVQ_AcwqjRZbASW_4g3okRHhsngubXhnAkdw@mail.gmail.com>
To: Phillip Hallam-Baker <hallam@gmail.com>
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Archived-At: http://mailarchive.ietf.org/arch/msg/dns-privacy/Kfvt9h2eggQ33AGZsVPzglYcyJg
Cc: Nicholas Weaver <nweaver@icsi.berkeley.edu>, dnsop <dnsop@ietf.org>, "Tirumaleswar Reddy \(tireddy\)" <tireddy@cisco.com>, Ralf Weber <dns@fl1ger.de>, "dns-privacy@ietf.org" <dns-privacy@ietf.org>, Paul Wouters <paul@nohats.ca>
Subject: Re: [dns-privacy] [DNSOP]   DNS over DTLS (DNSoD)
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On 25 Apr 2014, at 11:14, Phillip Hallam-Baker <hallam@gmail.com> wrote:

> The existing DNS works as far as the people running their firewalls
> are concerned. The failure of TCP fallback in practice has been an
> understood problem for 20+ years.

Understood, perhaps; measured and understood, not so much.

What is sorely missing from most/all protocol evolution discussions is a =
rigorous study of the actual impact of larger response sizes, =
fragmentation, interception/middebox-mangling, TCP fallback and TCP =
pipelining in the real world in at least two problem domains, =
recursive-authority and stub-recursive.

> If people want to design a protocol that is going to be usable, they
> are going to end up having to accept some constraints that are not in
> the specs.

And it would be great if we could describe those constraints with =
confidence.

There was concern that signing ORG might cause resolution problems due =
to larger responses, or might cause TCP fallback on a scale not seen =
before. The former were not apparent. The latter happened (due to a =
defect in the signer used for ORG) but did not cause any obvious =
problems.

There was widespread expectation that DNSSEC in the root zone would =
impact resolvers' ability to prime, hence the DURZ, global netops =
meeting roadshow, LTQC, etc. No issues were identified.

We will get much further, much more quickly if we know more about what =
problems are likely and which ones are unlikely. Being afraid of every =
possible negative outcome is just a recipe for doing nothing. No useful =
risk analysis is possible without data.


Joe=


From nobody Sun Apr 27 07:34:27 2014
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From: Stephane Bortzmeyer <bortzmeyer@nic.fr>
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Subject: [dns-privacy] New version of the privacy considerations document
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I just posted a new version of draft-bortzmeyer-dnsop-dns-privacy, the
revision -02, whose title was changed to "DNS privacy considerations"
because some people seemed to dislike the word "problem".

Comments, critics, patches, etc, requested. It is my opinion that
during the London meeting, there were many general remarks ("we need
to study the problem") but very few detailed remarks on the "core
effort", a description of the issue. So, detailed remarks are welcome.


From nobody Mon Apr 28 17:03:29 2014
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Date: Mon, 28 Apr 2014 17:55:41 -0400
From: Andrew Sullivan <ajs@anvilwalrusden.com>
To: dnsop@ietf.org, dns-privacy@ietf.org
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On Fri, Apr 25, 2014 at 02:22:03PM +0000, Tirumaleswar Reddy (tireddy) wrote:
> 
> Any specific reason for the firewalls to permit TCP/53 other than for zone transfer ?

"Because DNS uses TCP in lots of cases, and always has"?  Anyone who
is still configuring firewalls to deny TCP/53 as a matter of course
ought to have his or her Internet license revoked.

A

-- 
Andrew Sullivan
ajs@anvilwalrusden.com

