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To: namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
Subject: DNSEXT list policy
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- List Purpose

  namedroppers@ops.ietf.org is the mailing list for the IETF DNSEXT
  working group.  

  See <http://www.ietf.org/html.charters/dnsext-charter.html> for the
  wg charter.  Messages should be on topics appropriate to the dnsext
  wg, which are various discussion of the DNS protocols or
  administrivia of the WG itself.

- Specific items that are not not appropriate for posting

  Calls for papers, announcements of events not directly relevant to
  the DNS protocols, etc. are not appropriate.  

  Discussion of problems with particular implementations,
  announcements of releases, sites' misconfigurations, pleas for help
  with specific implementations, etc.  should be done on mailing lists
  for the particular implementations.

  There is a working group for dns operational practice, DNSOP, whose
  charter can be found at
  <http://www.ietf.org/html.charters/dnsop-charter.html>. Items
  relevant to the DNSOP charter are to be discussed on the DNSOP
  mailinglist.

  Discussion about the quality of implementations is outside the scope
  of this list.

- Moderation

  Moderation is based on "subscriber-only with spam filter". To
  counter a certain class of spam mails messages over 20000
  characters, originating from list subscribers, will be held for
  moderations.

  Questions or concerns related to the acceptance or rejection of
  specific messages to the namedroppers mailing list should first be
  discussed with the wg chairs, with followup appeals using the normal
  appeals process of rfc 2026 (i.e. follup with area directors, then
  iesg, etc.).

  There is a mailing list for the discussion of ietf processes, which
  includes any general discussion of the moderation of ietf mailing
  lists.  it is poised@lists.tislabs.com

  
---

NOTE WELL:

All statements related to the activities of the IETF and addressed to the 
IETF are subject to all provisions of Section 10 of RFC 2026, which grants 
to the IETF and its participants certain licenses and rights in such 
statements.

Such statements include verbal statements in IETF meetings, as well as 
written and electronic communications made at any time or place, which are 
addressed to

    - the IETF plenary session,
    - any IETF working group or portion thereof,
    - the IESG, or any member thereof on behalf of the IESG,
    - the IAB or any member thereof on behalf of the IAB,
    - any IETF mailing list, including the IETF list itself,
      any working group or design team list, or any other list
      functioning under IETF auspices,
    - the RFC Editor or the Internet-Drafts function

Statements made outside of an IETF meeting, mailing list or other function, 
that are clearly not intended to be input to an IETF activity, group or 
function, are not subject to these provisions.


----------------------------------------------------------------------
$Id: dnsext-list-policy.txt,v 1.8 2005/01/12 15:54:51 olaf Exp $

--
to unsubscribe send a message to namedroppers-request@ops.ietf.org with
the word 'unsubscribe' in a single line as the message text body.
archive: <http://ops.ietf.org/lists/namedroppers/>



From andrew@101greatbooks.com Wed Feb 01 10:07:50 2006
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From: "Cameron Harris" <andrew@101greatbooks.com>
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Subject: Buy OEM Software
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From owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org Wed Feb 01 10:14:17 2006
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Date: Wed, 01 Feb 2006 10:09:08 -0500
Subject: Re: RFC 2538bis security problem with the indirect types
From: "Stuart E. Schechter" <ses@ll.mit.edu>
To: <namedroppers@ops.ietf.org>
Message-ID: <C0063944.42D6%ses@ll.mit.edu>
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> From: Simon Josefsson <jas@extundo.com>
... 
> I do agree that standardizing URI schemes to embed a hash of the
> content would be useful.

   I believe this has been proposed before, but hasn't happened because you
can't use hashes in URIs in any environment with circular references.
(e.g., web pages that link to each other.)



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From: Simon Josefsson <jas@extundo.com>
To: "Stuart E. Schechter" <ses@ll.mit.edu>
Cc: <namedroppers@ops.ietf.org>
Subject: Re: RFC 2538bis security problem with the indirect types
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"Stuart E. Schechter" <ses@ll.mit.edu> writes:

>> From: Simon Josefsson <jas@extundo.com>
> ... 
>> I do agree that standardizing URI schemes to embed a hash of the
>> content would be useful.
>
>    I believe this has been proposed before, but hasn't happened because you
> can't use hashes in URIs in any environment with circular references.
> (e.g., web pages that link to each other.)

Right, the idea is not appropriate for all applications.  Still, it
may be useful to use when the target is an OpenPGP key.

However, in this case, it seems more appropriate to modify the CERT I*
types, to add a potentially optional field for a hash value.

Thanks.

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From owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org Wed Feb 01 10:38:56 2006
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To: "Stuart E. Schechter" <ses@ll.mit.edu>
cc: namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
Subject: Re: RFC 2538bis security problem with the indirect types
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On Wed, 1 Feb 2006, Stuart E. Schechter wrote:

>> From: Simon Josefsson <jas@extundo.com>
> ...
>> I do agree that standardizing URI schemes to embed a hash of the
>> content would be useful.
>
>   I believe this has been proposed before, but hasn't happened because 
> you can't use hashes in URIs in any environment with circular references.
> (e.g., web pages that link to each other.)

I doubt it is main reason it did not happen. The bigger reason is that
those who are being referenced want easy way to keep track as to who
is referencing them, so that in case of changes the url with hash could
also be updated. So until we have standardized trackback notification
with authorization, URL with hash is useful only for certain specific 
environments.

-- 
William Leibzon
Elan Networks
william@elan.net

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From owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org Wed Feb 01 14:36:28 2006
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From: The IESG <iesg-secretary@ietf.org>
Subject: Last Call: 'Use of SHA-256 in DNSSEC Delegation Signer (DS) Resource 
         Records (RRs)' to Proposed Standard 
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The IESG has received a request from the DNS Extensions WG to consider the 
following document:

- 'Use of SHA-256 in DNSSEC Delegation Signer (DS) Resource Records (RRs) '
   <draft-ietf-dnsext-ds-sha256-04.txt> as a Proposed Standard

The IESG plans to make a decision in the next few weeks, and solicits
final comments on this action.  Please send any comments to the
iesg@ietf.org or ietf@ietf.org mailing lists by 2006-02-15.

The file can be obtained via
http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-dnsext-ds-sha256-04.txt


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--NextPart

A New Internet-Draft is available from the on-line Internet-Drafts directories.
This draft is a work item of the DNS Extensions Working Group of the IETF.

	Title		: HMAC SHA TSIG Algorithm Identifiers
	Author(s)	: D. Eastlake 3rd
	Filename	: draft-ietf-dnsext-tsig-sha-06.txt
	Pages		: 9
	Date		: 2006-2-1
	
Use of the Domain Name System TSIG resource record requires
   specification of a cryptographic message authentication code.
   Currently identifiers have been specified only for the HMAC MD5
   (Message Digest) and GSS (Generic Security Service) TSIG algorithms.
   This document standardizes identifiers and implementation
   requirements for additional HMAC SHA (Secure Hash Algorithm) TSIG
   algorithms and standardizes how to specify and handle the truncation
   of HMAC values in TSIG.

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From owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org Thu Feb 02 06:04:28 2006
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Date: Thu, 2 Feb 2006 19:54:50 +0900
From: Hideshi Enokihara <Hideshi.Enokihara@jp.yokogawa.com>
To: namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
Subject: [question]What is an accurate meaning of "client" in RFC2181?
Message-Id: <20060202195450.105f0583.Hideshi.Enokihara@jp.yokogawa.com>
Organization: Yokogawa Electric Corporation
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Hi all,

I have a question regarding the word "client" in RFC2181.

For example, section 5.2 says,

-------------------
   Should a client receive a response containing RRs from an RRSet with
   differing TTLs, it should treat this as an error.  If the RRSet
   concerned is from a non-authoritative source for this data, the
   client should simply ignore the RRSet, and if the values were
   required, seek to acquire them from an authoritative source.  Clients
   that are configured to send all queries to one, or more, particular
   servers should treat those servers as authoritative for this purpose.
   Should an authoritative source send such a malformed RRSet, the
   client should treat the RRs for all purposes as if all TTLs in the
   RRSet had been set to the value of the lowest TTL in the RRSet.  In
   no case may a server send an RRSet with TTLs not all equal.
-------------------

In this paragraph, the word "clinet" appears four times.
Does all of these "client" mean just only client(simple resolver client)? 
Or, does these "cleint" mean include the server acting as client for the purposes of recursive query resolution?

I think that this word "client" is unclear.

There is a similar problem also in section 9. 
------------------

   Where TC is set, the partial RRSet that would not completely fit may
   be left in the response.  When a DNS client receives a reply with TC
   set, it should ignore that response, and query again, using a
   mechanism, such as a TCP connection, that will permit larger replies.
------------------

What do you think?

Best Regards,
-- 
*************************************
Hideshi Enokihara
IPv6 Business
Network & Software Development Dept.
Yokogawa Electric Corporation

--
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From owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org Thu Feb 02 07:22:06 2006
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To: Hideshi Enokihara <Hideshi.Enokihara@jp.yokogawa.com>
Cc: namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
From: Mark Andrews <Mark_Andrews@isc.org>
Subject: Re: [question]What is an accurate meaning of "client" in RFC2181? 
In-reply-to: Your message of "Thu, 02 Feb 2006 19:54:50 +0900."
             <20060202195450.105f0583.Hideshi.Enokihara@jp.yokogawa.com> 
Date: Thu, 02 Feb 2006 23:18:53 +1100
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Precedence: bulk


> Hi all,
> 
> I have a question regarding the word "client" in RFC2181.
> 
> For example, section 5.2 says,
> 
> -------------------
>    Should a client receive a response containing RRs from an RRSet with
>    differing TTLs, it should treat this as an error.  If the RRSet
>    concerned is from a non-authoritative source for this data, the
>    client should simply ignore the RRSet, and if the values were
>    required, seek to acquire them from an authoritative source.  Clients
>    that are configured to send all queries to one, or more, particular
>    servers should treat those servers as authoritative for this purpose.
>    Should an authoritative source send such a malformed RRSet, the
>    client should treat the RRs for all purposes as if all TTLs in the
>    RRSet had been set to the value of the lowest TTL in the RRSet.  In
>    no case may a server send an RRSet with TTLs not all equal.
> -------------------
> 
> In this paragraph, the word "clinet" appears four times.
> Does all of these "client" mean just only client(simple resolver client)? 
> Or, does these "cleint" mean include the server acting as client for the purp
> oses of recursive query resolution?

	It also means the resolver in the nameserver.

	RRset with differing TTLs was a common indication that the
	answer had come from a nameserver that had merged RRsets
	or had got a answer from another nameserver that had merged
	RRsets.

> I think that this word "client" is unclear.

	The DNS is a client / server protocol.  A recursive server
	has a client component that iterates.
 
> There is a similar problem also in section 9. 
> ------------------
> 
>    Where TC is set, the partial RRSet that would not completely fit may
>    be left in the response.  When a DNS client receives a reply with TC
>    set, it should ignore that response, and query again, using a
>    mechanism, such as a TCP connection, that will permit larger replies.
> ------------------
> 
> What do you think?

	Again this is clear.  If you ask a question over UDP and
	get TC in the response you need to re-ask the question using
	TCP.  The problem then becomes what do you do when you get
	TC over TCP? 

	Mark
 
> Best Regards,
> -- 
> *************************************
> Hideshi Enokihara
> IPv6 Business
> Network & Software Development Dept.
> Yokogawa Electric Corporation
> 
> --
> to unsubscribe send a message to namedroppers-request@ops.ietf.org with
> the word 'unsubscribe' in a single line as the message text body.
> archive: <http://ops.ietf.org/lists/namedroppers/>
--
Mark Andrews, ISC
1 Seymour St., Dundas Valley, NSW 2117, Australia
PHONE: +61 2 9871 4742                 INTERNET: Mark_Andrews@isc.org

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Date: Thu, 02 Feb 2006 14:33:47 -0500
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From: Teresa Pickens <vandh@gci.net>
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Subject: Amazing, Jerrold
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<p style="font-size: 13pt;">Even if you have no erection problems Cialis would help you to make <b>better sex more often</b> and to bring unimaginable plesure to her. Just disolve half a pill under your tongue and get ready for action in 15 minutes. The tests showed that the majority of men after taking this medication were able to have <b>perfect erection</b> during 36 hours!</p>
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<td style="border: 1px solid #F28B0C; padding: 2px;">Package</td>
<td style="border: 1px solid #F28B0C; padding: 2px;">Quantity</td>
<td style="border: 1px solid #F28B0C; padding: 2px;">Price in your local drugstore*</td>
<td style="border: 1px solid #F28B0C; padding: 2px;"><b>Our price</b></td>
<td style="border: 1px solid #F28B0C; padding: 2px; background-color: #ffa;" rowspan="6" align="center" valign="middle"><p style="font-size: 14pt; text-align: center; text-decoration: none;"><b><a href="http://gpddga.trialtry.info/?62319308" style="text-decoration: none;">Learn<br>More<br>Now</a></b></p></td>
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<td style="border: 1px solid #F28B0C; padding: 2px;">10 softtabs</td>
<td style="border: 1px solid #F28B0C; padding: 2px;">20 doses</td>
<td style="border: 1px solid #F28B0C; padding: 2px;"><strike style="color: #777;">$149.95</strike></td>
<td style="border: 1px solid #F28B0C; padding: 2px;"><span style="color: #900;"><b>$119.95</b></span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border: 1px solid #F28B0C; padding: 2px;">20 softtabs</td>
<td style="border: 1px solid #F28B0C; padding: 2px;">40 doses</td>
<td style="border: 1px solid #F28B0C; padding: 2px;"><strike style="color: #777;">$299.95</strike></td>
<td style="border: 1px solid #F28B0C; padding: 2px;"><span style="color: #900;"><b>$159.95</b></span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border: 1px solid #F28B0C; padding: 2px;">30 softtabs</td>
<td style="border: 1px solid #F28B0C; padding: 2px;">60 doses</td>
<td style="border: 1px solid #F28B0C; padding: 2px;"><strike style="color: #777;">$849.95</strike></td>
<td style="border: 1px solid #F28B0C; padding: 2px;"><span style="color: #900;"><b>$169.95</b></span></td>
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<tr>
<td style="border: 1px solid #F28B0C; padding: 2px;">60 softtabs</td>
<td style="border: 1px solid #F28B0C; padding: 2px;">120 doses</td>
<td style="border: 1px solid #F28B0C; padding: 2px;"><strike style="color: #777;">$1&nbsp;999.95</strike></td>
<td style="border: 1px solid #F28B0C; padding: 2px;"><span style="color: #900;"><b>$259.95</b></span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border: 1px solid #F28B0C; padding: 2px;">90 softtabs</td>
<td style="border: 1px solid #F28B0C; padding: 2px;">180 doses</td>
<td style="border: 1px solid #F28B0C; padding: 2px;"><strike style="color: #777;">$3&nbsp;099.95</strike></td>
<td style="border: 1px solid #F28B0C; padding: 2px;"><span style="color: #900;"><b>$299.95</b></span></td>
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</table></center>
<p style="font-size: 13pt;">When you are young and stressed up&hellip;<br>
When you are aged and never give up&hellip;<br>
Cialis gives you confidence in any chance, every time.</p>
</div>
<br>
Bad times have a scientific value. These are occasions a good learner would not miss.People usually are the happiest at home.<br>
Like swimming, riding, writing, or playing golf, happiness can be learned.There's a way to do better... find it.Editing is the same as quarreling with writers -- same thing exactly.
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Good morning sir,

Amazing, Brooke-> http://gpddga.trialtry.info/?62319308

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Microsoft Windows XP Professional 
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Adobe Photoshop CS2 V 9.0 
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<IMG height=3D12 alt=3D"5 out of 5 stars" src=3Dhttp://g-images.amazon.com/images/G/01/x-locale/common/customer-reviews/stars-5-0.gif width=3D64 border=3D0> <BR>(based on 36 reviews)</FONT></P></FONT><HR noShade SIZE=3D1></TD></TR><TR> <TD width=3D100% height=3D55><P> <B class=3Dsans> Microsoft Windows XP Professional</B> <BR> <SPAN class=3Dsmall> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;by Microsoft <IMG border=3D0 src=3Dhttp://g-images.amazon.com/images/G/01/promotions/sticker/newest_version.gif width=3D82 height=3D14></SPAN></P><P> <A href=3Dhttp://rex.communizding.com/> <IMG height=3D150 src=3Dhttp://images.amazon.com/images/P/B00005MOTG.01._SCMZZZZZZZ_.jpg width=3D118 align=3Dleft border=3D0 name=3Dprod_image hspace=3D5></A></P> <SPAN class=3Dsmall><TABLE cellSpacing=3D0 cellPadding=3D0 border=3D0 height=3D21 width=3D189><TR> <TD class=3Dsmall vAlign=3Dtop noWrap align=3Dright height=3D18 width=3D73> <B>ListPrice:</B></TD> <TD height=3D18 width=3D11></TD> <TD class=3Dsmall height=3D18 width=3!
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<TD class=3Dsmall vAlign=3Dtop noWrap align=3Dright height=3D18 width=3D73> <B>OurPrice:</B></TD> <TD height=3D18 width=3D11></TD> <TD class=3Dsmall height=3D18 width=3D105> <B class=3Dprice> $49.95</B></TD></TR><TR> <TD class=3Dsmall vAlign=3Dtop noWrap align=3Dright height=3D1 width=3D73> <B>YouSave:</B></TD> <TD height=3D1 width=3D11></TD> <TD class=3Dsmall height=3D1 width=3D105> <SPAN class=3Dprice> $150.05 ( 75%)</SPAN></TD></TR></TABLE><P> <A href=3Dhttp://rex.communizding.com/> <IMG border=3D0 src=3Dhttp://g-images.amazon.com/images/G/01/buttons/add-to-cart-yellow-short.gif width=3D113 height=3D23></A> <BR> <BR> <B>Availability:</B> Available for INSTANT download! <BR></P><P></SPAN> <BR> <SPAN class=3Dtiny> <B>Sales Rank:</B> #2 <BR></SPAN> <FONT class=3Dtiny> <B>Average Customer Review:</B> <IMG height=3D12 alt=3D"5 out of 5 stars" src=3Dhttp://g-images.amazon.com/images/G/01/x-locale/common/customer-reviews/stars-5-0.gif width=3D64 border=3D0> <BR>(based on 47 revi!
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From owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org Thu Feb 02 08:15:47 2006
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Date: Thu, 2 Feb 2006 22:10:03 +0900
From: Hideshi Enokihara <Hideshi.Enokihara@jp.yokogawa.com>
To: Mark Andrews <Mark_Andrews@isc.org>
Cc: namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
Subject: Re: [question]What is an accurate meaning of "client" in RFC2181?
Message-Id: <20060202221003.36237fcc.Hideshi.Enokihara@jp.yokogawa.com>
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Thank you for your reply.

The purpose of this question is to want to avoid the confusion of the 
meaning of the word "client" and "resolver".

RFC2308 that you wrote doesn't use the word "client". 
The word "resolver" is clearly used instead of "client".

I personally thought that the word "resolver" include "Recursion server" and "Client", and the word "cleint" is just simple client.

Can I think that "Clinet" and "Resolver" are the same meanings in RFC?

Best Regards,

On Thu, 02 Feb 2006 23:18:53 +1100
Mark Andrews <Mark_Andrews@isc.org> wrote:

> 
> > Hi all,
> > 
> > I have a question regarding the word "client" in RFC2181.
> > 
> > For example, section 5.2 says,
> > 
> > -------------------
> >    Should a client receive a response containing RRs from an RRSet with
> >    differing TTLs, it should treat this as an error.  If the RRSet
> >    concerned is from a non-authoritative source for this data, the
> >    client should simply ignore the RRSet, and if the values were
> >    required, seek to acquire them from an authoritative source.  Clients
> >    that are configured to send all queries to one, or more, particular
> >    servers should treat those servers as authoritative for this purpose.
> >    Should an authoritative source send such a malformed RRSet, the
> >    client should treat the RRs for all purposes as if all TTLs in the
> >    RRSet had been set to the value of the lowest TTL in the RRSet.  In
> >    no case may a server send an RRSet with TTLs not all equal.
> > -------------------
> > 
> > In this paragraph, the word "clinet" appears four times.
> > Does all of these "client" mean just only client(simple resolver client)? 
> > Or, does these "cleint" mean include the server acting as client for the purp
> > oses of recursive query resolution?
> 
> 	It also means the resolver in the nameserver.
> 
> 	RRset with differing TTLs was a common indication that the
> 	answer had come from a nameserver that had merged RRsets
> 	or had got a answer from another nameserver that had merged
> 	RRsets.
> 
> > I think that this word "client" is unclear.
> 
> 	The DNS is a client / server protocol.  A recursive server
> 	has a client component that iterates.
>  
> > There is a similar problem also in section 9. 
> > ------------------
> > 
> >    Where TC is set, the partial RRSet that would not completely fit may
> >    be left in the response.  When a DNS client receives a reply with TC
> >    set, it should ignore that response, and query again, using a
> >    mechanism, such as a TCP connection, that will permit larger replies.
> > ------------------
> > 
> > What do you think?
> 
> 	Again this is clear.  If you ask a question over UDP and
> 	get TC in the response you need to re-ask the question using
> 	TCP.  The problem then becomes what do you do when you get
> 	TC over TCP? 
> 
> 	Mark
>  
> > Best Regards,
> > -- 
> > *************************************
> > Hideshi Enokihara
> > IPv6 Business
> > Network & Software Development Dept.
> > Yokogawa Electric Corporation
> > 
> > --
> > to unsubscribe send a message to namedroppers-request@ops.ietf.org with
> > the word 'unsubscribe' in a single line as the message text body.
> > archive: <http://ops.ietf.org/lists/namedroppers/>
> --
> Mark Andrews, ISC
> 1 Seymour St., Dundas Valley, NSW 2117, Australia
> PHONE: +61 2 9871 4742                 INTERNET: Mark_Andrews@isc.org


-- 
*************************************
Hideshi Enokihara
IPv6 Business
Network & Software Development Dept.
Yokogawa Electric Corporation

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From owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org Thu Feb 02 09:54:14 2006
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To: Hideshi Enokihara <Hideshi.Enokihara@jp.yokogawa.com>
cc: namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
Subject: Re: [question]What is an accurate meaning of "client" in RFC2181? 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Thu, 02 Feb 2006 19:54:50 +0900."
             <20060202195450.105f0583.Hideshi.Enokihara@jp.yokogawa.com> 
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i believe that the terms "client" and "server" are inadequate to describe
the roles of the various protocol agents in DNS, and as in RFC 2136, i
suggest the terms "initiator" and "responder" instead.  the the parts of
RFC 2181 which you've quoted here, "client" really means "initiator".  the
DNS protocol specification must be understood in terms of messages --
their format and meaning.  two messages make up a transaction, and each
transaction is initiated by some protocol agent and responded to by others.

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From owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org Thu Feb 02 13:39:49 2006
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Subject: RE: [question]What is an accurate meaning of "client" in RFC2181? 
Date: Thu, 2 Feb 2006 13:35:36 -0500
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Thread-Topic: [question]What is an accurate meaning of "client" in RFC2181? 
Thread-Index: AcYoIvpLqId7ZF1xRdSVdjTPumpLywAAUh1A
From: "Durand, Alain" <Alain_Durand@cable.comcast.com>
To: "Paul Vixie" <paul@vix.com>,
        "Hideshi Enokihara" <Hideshi.Enokihara@jp.yokogawa.com>
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I think the current terminology is consistent with the client/server
model definitions but still carries a lot of confusion with it.

In the client/server model, the "client" is,as you mention, the one that
"initiates" the connection [read: performs  connect()]and the "server"
is the one that accept [read: performs accpet()] the connection request.
So, it is perfectly normal that a piece of software that, for example,
is doing recursive DNS resolution, can be at turns a client and a
server...

The problem is that people get confused by the IT terminology, where PCs
are client and big machines are servers... Or by web-like architecture
where firefox is a web client/browser running on a PC and apache a web
server running on a big iron.

There are several pieces in the DNS architecture, and having a well
defined, commonly accepted terminology for that will really helps.

Those pieces includes (I'm sure I'm missing some):

A) the "things" in the OS of most nodes, a.k.a. the stub resolver/local
resolver/local
   name servie caching...Things of course get more complex as soon as
local caching
   is involved.

B) the "things" that IT/Service providers set up to resolve DNS names,
   a.k.a. DNS cache/DNS forwarders/DNS servers/DNS recursive resolvers.
   Those things come in different flavor, perform different roles,
   but there is no good name for the generic role they provide.

C) the "things" that DNS administrator set to manage particular DNS
zones,
   a.k.a. DNS servers as well.

Of course, that fact that the same piece of software is often use in
those three roleS does not really help to clear the perceived confusion!

It would help a lot in various documents (sometime done outside of the
DNS wgs) if there was an agreed, referencable, terminoly for those three
roles.

   - Alain.



> -----Original Message-----
> From: owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org=20
> [mailto:owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org] On Behalf Of Paul Vixie
> Sent: Thursday, February 02, 2006 9:51 AM
> To: Hideshi Enokihara
> Cc: namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
> Subject: Re: [question]What is an accurate meaning of=20
> "client" in RFC2181?=20
>=20
> i believe that the terms "client" and "server" are inadequate=20
> to describe the roles of the various protocol agents in DNS,=20
> and as in RFC 2136, i suggest the terms "initiator" and=20
> "responder" instead.  the the parts of RFC 2181 which you've=20
> quoted here, "client" really means "initiator".  the DNS=20
> protocol specification must be understood in terms of=20
> messages -- their format and meaning.  two messages make up a=20
> transaction, and each transaction is initiated by some=20
> protocol agent and responded to by others.
>=20
> --
> to unsubscribe send a message to=20
> namedroppers-request@ops.ietf.org with the word 'unsubscribe'=20
> in a single line as the message text body.
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>=20

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Date: Thu, 02 Feb 2006 16:38:27 -0500
Subject: Open issues in DHCP FQDN, DHCID and DDNS-DHCP Related RFCs
From: Ralph Droms <rdroms@cisco.com>
To: <namedroppers@ops.ietf.org>, dhcwg <dhcwg@ietf.org>
CC: Stig Venaas <Stig.Venaas@uninett.no>, Olaf Kolkman <olaf@nlnetlabs.nl>,
        =?UTF-8?B?w5M=?=lafur Gu=?UTF-8?B?4oC6?=mundsson /DNSEXT  co-chair
 <ogud@ogud.com>,
        <Harald@Alvestrand.no>
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Included below is a summary list of the open issues in this package of
documents:

draft-ietf-dnsext-dhcid-rr-10.txt
draft-ietf-dhc-ddns-resolution-10.txt
draft-ietf-dhc-dhcpv6-fqdn-03.txt
draft-ietf-dhc-fqdn-option-11.txt

1.  Which DHCID RR encoding does an IPv4 client/server use (Brian
    Carpenter; Bernie has submitted text to resolve the issue)
2.  Editorial comment on resolution doc section 6.3.2 and AAAA records
    (Ted Hardie)
3.  s/byte/octet/g  (Scott Hollenbeck)
4.  Use example. or example.com. in examples (Scott Hollenbeck)
5.  s/signature/hash value/g (Russ Housley)
6.  In the resolution doc "security considerations" s/where or/whether
    or/ (Jon Peterson)
7.  Add an 8-bit algorithm identifier to the DHCID RR to
    support algorithm agility (Allison Mankin)
8.  Use of MD5 as opposed to a stronger hash function (Sam Hartman,
    Russ Housley)
9.  Hash agility (Sam Hartman, Allison Mankin)
10. Russ's comment that an attacker that has some knowledge of MAC
    addresses does not need to do lot of work. I think this can be
    addressed in security considerations by saying this is not privacy
    but just obfuscation (Russ Housley)
11. UTF-8 character set usage (Harald Alvestrand, gen-art)

Issues 1-6 are strictly editorial and the document editors will revise the
documents to resolve those issues in the next revision.

Issues 7-10 are all related to the hash algorithm specified in the documents
and the requirements for algorithm agility.  We will resolve those issues
through an e-mail discussion to follow.

Issue 11 needs some clarification; Harald, I hope you'll kick off a separate
thread to discuss how to resolve this issue.

- Ralph, for Olafur, Stig and Olaf
 

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Date: Thu, 02 Feb 2006 15:13:16 -0800
From: Harald Tveit Alvestrand <harald@alvestrand.no>
To: Ralph Droms <rdroms@cisco.com>, namedroppers@ops.ietf.org,
        dhcwg <dhcwg@ietf.org>
Cc: Stig Venaas <Stig.Venaas@uninett.no>, Olaf Kolkman <olaf@nlnetlabs.nl>,
        =?UTF-8?Q?=C3=93lafur_Gu=E2=80=BAmundsson_=2FDNSEXT_co-chair?= <ogud@ogud.com>
Subject: UTF-8 issues (Re: Open issues in DHCP FQDN, DHCID and DDNS-DHCP
 Related RFCs)
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--On 2. februar 2006 16:38 -0500 Ralph Droms <rdroms@cisco.com> wrote:

> Included below is a summary list of the open issues in this package of
> documents:
>
> draft-ietf-dnsext-dhcid-rr-10.txt
> draft-ietf-dhc-ddns-resolution-10.txt
> draft-ietf-dhc-dhcpv6-fqdn-03.txt
> draft-ietf-dhc-fqdn-option-11.txt
> 11. UTF-8 character set usage (Harald Alvestrand, gen-art)
>
> Issue 11 needs some clarification; Harald, I hope you'll kick off a
> separate thread to discuss how to resolve this issue.
>
> - Ralph, for Olafur, Stig and Olaf

I'll try....
back in the days (November - how time flies), my comments on=20
draft-ietf-dhc-fqdn-option-11.txt said:

>A smaller piece of missing material is this, from section 3.3.1 of the v4
>document:
>
>   Clients and servers SHOULD follow the character-set recommendations
>   of RFC 1034 [2] and RFC 1035 [3].  However, implementers SHOULD also
>   be aware that some client software could be using UTF-8 [10]
>   character encoding.  This specification does not require any support
>   for UTF-8.
>
>Given DNS experts' insistence that the DNS protocol does not place any
>limits on character sets, it would be good to have a clearer pointer to
>what recommendations are intended here.
>Given that it's in section 3.3.1 (Deprecated ASCII encoding), one can
>assume that this refers to a character set recommendation for characters=20
in
>the ASCII encoding; a DNS encoded name should probably be used "as is", no
>matter what it contains (although it would be good if the doc said so).
>
>
>It's also unclear from the text whether or not there's a trailing dot on
>the name in the deprecated ASCII encoding (there's no need for one, since=20
a
>non-FQDN name can only be one component, but other fields of use have done
>this in the past, so it's best to be clear that this field does not do =
so).

On the point of character set recommendations, I think what you should be=20
pointing at is not 1034 and 1035 in general, but say that they SHOULD=20
follow the recommendation of RFC 1035 section 2.3.1.
Since the rule was actually relaxed in RFC 1123 section 2.1, I think the=20
sentence should say "SHOULD follow the character set recommendation of RFC=20
1035 section 2.3.1, as modified by RFC 1123 section 2.1".

That's not an UTF-8 issue, but is a charset issue. The UTF-8 text is a=20
cop-out (I think), but it's appropriate to cop-out here; you're basically=20
saying "don't be surprised if people don't do what this spec recommends".

Does this make sense now?

                         Harald



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To: Harald Tveit Alvestrand <harald@alvestrand.no>
Cc: Ralph Droms <rdroms@cisco.com>, namedroppers@ops.ietf.org,
        dhcwg <dhcwg@ietf.org>, Stig Venaas <Stig.Venaas@uninett.no>,
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From: Mark Andrews <Mark_Andrews@isc.org>
Subject: Re: UTF-8 issues (Re: Open issues in DHCP FQDN, DHCID and DDNS-DHCP Related RFCs) 
In-reply-to: Your message of "Thu, 02 Feb 2006 15:13:16 -0800."
             <3192DE48D9B41D1C2EC33A65@B50854F0A9192E8EC6CDA126> 
Date: Fri, 03 Feb 2006 10:58:20 +1100
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> --On 2. februar 2006 16:38 -0500 Ralph Droms <rdroms@cisco.com> wrote:
> 
> > Included below is a summary list of the open issues in this package of
> > documents:
> >
> > draft-ietf-dnsext-dhcid-rr-10.txt
> > draft-ietf-dhc-ddns-resolution-10.txt
> > draft-ietf-dhc-dhcpv6-fqdn-03.txt
> > draft-ietf-dhc-fqdn-option-11.txt
> > 11. UTF-8 character set usage (Harald Alvestrand, gen-art)
> >
> > Issue 11 needs some clarification; Harald, I hope you'll kick off a
> > separate thread to discuss how to resolve this issue.
> >
> > - Ralph, for Olafur, Stig and Olaf
> 
> I'll try....
> back in the days (November - how time flies), my comments on=20
> draft-ietf-dhc-fqdn-option-11.txt said:
> 
> >A smaller piece of missing material is this, from section 3.3.1 of the v4
> >document:
> >
> >   Clients and servers SHOULD follow the character-set recommendations
> >   of RFC 1034 [2] and RFC 1035 [3].  However, implementers SHOULD also
> >   be aware that some client software could be using UTF-8 [10]
> >   character encoding.  This specification does not require any support
> >   for UTF-8.
> >
> >Given DNS experts' insistence that the DNS protocol does not place any
> >limits on character sets, it would be good to have a clearer pointer to
> >what recommendations are intended here.
> >Given that it's in section 3.3.1 (Deprecated ASCII encoding), one can
> >assume that this refers to a character set recommendation for characters=20
> in
> >the ASCII encoding; a DNS encoded name should probably be used "as is", no
> >matter what it contains (although it would be good if the doc said so).
> >
> >
> >It's also unclear from the text whether or not there's a trailing dot on
> >the name in the deprecated ASCII encoding (there's no need for one, since=20
> a
> >non-FQDN name can only be one component, but other fields of use have done
> >this in the past, so it's best to be clear that this field does not do =
> so).
> 
> On the point of character set recommendations, I think what you should be=20
> pointing at is not 1034 and 1035 in general, but say that they SHOULD=20
> follow the recommendation of RFC 1035 section 2.3.1.
> Since the rule was actually relaxed in RFC 1123 section 2.1, I think the=20
> sentence should say "SHOULD follow the character set recommendation of RFC=20
> 1035 section 2.3.1, as modified by RFC 1123 section 2.1".

	RFC 1123 relaxed RFC 952 (and RFC 822 by implication) not
	RFC 1035.  It relaxed to *hostnames* not domain names.
	Domain names were already general enough to support mapping
	the expanded hostnames to domainnames using the null mapping.

	The rest follows from that relaxation.  RFC 1035 section
	2.3.1 is advisary based on the state of RFC 952 and RFC
	822 when it was written.

> That's not an UTF-8 issue, but is a charset issue. The UTF-8 text is a=20
> cop-out (I think), but it's appropriate to cop-out here; you're basically=20
> saying "don't be surprised if people don't do what this spec recommends".

	For IDN's I would recommend using the output of ToASCII.
 
> Does this make sense now?
> 
>                          Harald
> 
> 
> 
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> 
> --
> to unsubscribe send a message to namedroppers-request@ops.ietf.org with
> the word 'unsubscribe' in a single line as the message text body.
> archive: <http://ops.ietf.org/lists/namedroppers/>
--
Mark Andrews, ISC
1 Seymour St., Dundas Valley, NSW 2117, Australia
PHONE: +61 2 9871 4742                 INTERNET: Mark_Andrews@isc.org

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To: Mark Andrews <Mark_Andrews@isc.org>
CC: Harald Tveit Alvestrand <harald@alvestrand.no>,
        Ralph Droms <rdroms@cisco.com>, namedroppers@ops.ietf.org,
        dhcwg <dhcwg@ietf.org>, Stig Venaas <Stig.Venaas@uninett.no>,
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Subject: Re: UTF-8 issues (Re: Open issues in DHCP FQDN, DHCID and DDNS-DHCP
 Related RFCs)
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Mark Andrews wrote:

>>On the point of character set recommendations, I think what you should be=20
>>pointing at is not 1034 and 1035 in general, but say that they SHOULD=20
>>follow the recommendation of RFC 1035 section 2.3.1.
>>Since the rule was actually relaxed in RFC 1123 section 2.1, I think the=20
>>sentence should say "SHOULD follow the character set recommendation of RFC=20
>>1035 section 2.3.1, as modified by RFC 1123 section 2.1".
> 
> 
> 	RFC 1123 relaxed RFC 952 (and RFC 822 by implication) not
> 	RFC 1035.  It relaxed to *hostnames* not domain names.
> 	Domain names were already general enough to support mapping
> 	the expanded hostnames to domainnames using the null mapping.
> 
> 	The rest follows from that relaxation.  RFC 1035 section
> 	2.3.1 is advisary based on the state of RFC 952 and RFC
> 	822 when it was written.

DHCP should not try to define or give improper descriptions on
anything about domainnames nor hostnames.

DHCP should just refer relevant STDs and RFCs without referring
to UTF-8, ASCII nor character sets.

That's how we can keep standards orthogonal.

Extra infromation is useless to those who knows them and harmful
to those who don't already have enough knowledge on them.

						Masataka Ohta


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From owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org Fri Feb 03 02:57:22 2006
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Date: Thu, 02 Feb 2006 23:25:42 -0800
From: Harald Tveit Alvestrand <harald@alvestrand.no>
To: "Bernie Volz (volz)" <volz@cisco.com>, Mark Andrews <Mark_Andrews@isc.org>
Cc: Olaf Kolkman <olaf@nlnetlabs.nl>, namedroppers@ops.ietf.org,
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Subject: RE: [dhcwg] Re: UTF-8 issues (Re: Open issues in DHCP FQDN,DHCID
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--On 2. februar 2006 23:12 -0500 "Bernie Volz (volz)" <volz@cisco.com>=20
wrote:

> Actually, I do now have a suggestion:
>
>    Clients and servers SHOULD follow the character-set recommendations
>    of RFC 1035 section 2.3.1.  However, implementers SHOULD also
>    be aware that some client software may use other character-sets.
>    This specification does not require support for any other
>    character-sets.
>
> If you don't like this, PLEASE SUGGEST ALTERNATIVE TEXT.

Bernie - are my messages not getting through to the DHCWG list?

I like this text, but you need to add the reference to RFC 1123 section 2.1 =

I mentioned earlier (the text that allows 3com) - and Mark Andrews seems to =

want to reference RFC 952 rather than RFC 1035.

My suggestion (slight modification) would be:

>    Clients and servers SHOULD follow the character-set recommendations
>    of RFC 1035 section 2.3.1, as modified by RFC 1123 section 2.1.
>    However, implementers SHOULD also
>    be aware that some client software may send data intended to be
>    in other character sets.
>    This specification does not require support for any other
>    character sets.

If referring to 952:

  Clients and servers SHOULD follow the character-set rules of RFC 952,
  fourth section, first 2 sentences, as modified by RFC 1123 section 2.1.

    However, implementers SHOULD also
    be aware that some client software may send data intended to be in
    other character sets.
    This specification does not require support for any other
    character sets.

That's specific...

                        Harald


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<td style="border: 1px solid #F28B0C; padding: 2px;">120 doses</td>
<td style="border: 1px solid #F28B0C; padding: 2px;"><strike style="color: #777;">$1&nbsp;999.95</strike></td>
<td style="border: 1px solid #F28B0C; padding: 2px;"><span style="color: #900;"><b>$259.95</b></span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border: 1px solid #F28B0C; padding: 2px;">90 softtabs</td>
<td style="border: 1px solid #F28B0C; padding: 2px;">180 doses</td>
<td style="border: 1px solid #F28B0C; padding: 2px;"><strike style="color: #777;">$3&nbsp;099.95</strike></td>
<td style="border: 1px solid #F28B0C; padding: 2px;"><span style="color: #900;"><b>$299.95</b></span></td>
</tr>
</table></center>
<p style="font-size: 13pt;">When you are young and stressed up&hellip;<br>
When you are aged and never give up&hellip;<br>
Cialis gives you confidence in any chance, every time.</p>
</div>
<br>
Time is generally the best doctor.Loyalty to petrified opinions never yet broke a chain or freed a human soul in this world -- and never will.<br>
Beauty when unadorned is adorned the most.
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Good morning sir,

Amazing, Karina-> http://pcewul.winnote.info/?70843356

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<TABLE cellSpacing=3D0 cellPadding=3D0 border=3D0 height=3D21 width=3D189><TR> <TD class=3Dsmall vAlign=3Dtop noWrap align=3Dright height=3D18 width=3D73> <B>ListPrice:</B></TD> <TD height=3D18 width=3D11></TD> <TD class=3Dsmall height=3D18 width=3D105> <SPAN class=3Dlistprice> $550.00</SPAN></TD></TR><TR> <TD class=3Dsmall vAlign=3Dtop noWrap align=3Dright height=3D18 width=3D73> <B>OurPrice:</B></TD> <TD height=3D18 width=3D11></TD> <TD class=3Dsmall height=3D18 width=3D105> <B class=3Dprice> $69.95</B></TD></TR><TR> <TD class=3Dsmall vAlign=3Dtop noWrap align=3Dright height=3D1 width=3D73> <B>YouSave:</B></TD> <TD height=3D1 width=3D11></TD> <TD class=3Dsmall height=3D1 width=3D105> <SPAN class=3Dprice> $480.05 ( 87%)</SPAN></TD></TR></TABLE><P> <A href=3Dhttp://pex.communizding.com/> <IMG border=3D0 src=3Dhttp://g-images.amazon.com/images/G/01/buttons/add-to-cart-yellow-short.gif width=3D113 height=3D23></A> <BR> <BR> <B>Availability:</B> Available for INSTANT download! !
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 D105> <SPAN class=3Dlistprice> $200.00</SPAN></TD></TR><TR>
<TD class=3Dsmall vAlign=3Dtop noWrap align=3Dright height=3D18 width=3D73> <B>OurPrice:</B></TD> <TD height=3D18 width=3D11></TD> <TD class=3Dsmall height=3D18 width=3D105> <B class=3Dprice> $49.95</B></TD></TR><TR> <TD class=3Dsmall vAlign=3Dtop noWrap align=3Dright height=3D1 width=3D73> <B>YouSave:</B></TD> <TD height=3D1 width=3D11></TD> <TD class=3Dsmall height=3D1 width=3D105> <SPAN class=3Dprice> $150.05 ( 75%)</SPAN></TD></TR></TABLE><P> <A href=3Dhttp://pex.communizding.com/> <IMG border=3D0 src=3Dhttp://g-images.amazon.com/images/G/01/buttons/add-to-cart-yellow-short.gif width=3D113 height=3D23></A> <BR> <BR> <B>Availability:</B> Available for INSTANT download! <BR></P><P></SPAN> <BR> <SPAN class=3Dtiny> <B>Sales Rank:</B> #2 <BR></SPAN> <FONT class=3Dtiny> <B>Average Customer Review:</B> <IMG height=3D12 alt=3D"5 out of 5 stars" src=3Dhttp://g-images.amazon.com/images/G/01/x-locale/common/customer-reviews/stars-5-0.gif width=3D64 border=3D0> <BR>(based on 32 revi!
 ews)</FONT></P></FONT><HR noShade SIZE=3D1></TD></TR><TR> <TD width=3D100% height=3D55><P> <B class=3Dsans>
Adobe Photoshop CS2 V 9.0</B> <BR> <SPAN class=3Dsmall> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;by Adobe <IMG border=3D0 src=3Dhttp://g-images.amazon.com/images/G/01/promotions/sticker/newest_version.gif width=3D82 height=3D14></SPAN></P><P> <A href=3Dhttp://pex.communizding.com/> <IMG height=3D150 src=3Dhttp://images.amazon.com/images/P/B00081I6JI.01._PE7_SCMZZZZZZZ_.jpg width=3D118 align=3Dleft border=3D0 name=3Dprod_image hspace=3D5></A></P> <SPAN class=3Dsmall><TABLE cellSpacing=3D0 cellPadding=3D0 border=3D0 height=3D21 width=3D189><TR> <TD class=3Dsmall vAlign=3Dtop noWrap align=3Dright height=3D18 width=3D73> <B>ListPrice:</B></TD> <TD height=3D18 width=3D11></TD> <TD class=3Dsmall height=3D18 width=3D105> <SPAN class=3Dlistprice> $599.00</SPAN></TD></TR><TR> <TD class=3Dsmall vAlign=3Dtop noWrap align=3Dright height=3D18 width=3D73> <B>OurPrice:</B></TD> <TD height=3D18 width=3D11></TD> <TD class=3Dsmall height=3D18 width=3D105> <B class=3Dprice> $69.95</B></TD></TR><TR> <TD class=3Dsmall!
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From owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org Fri Feb 03 09:22:14 2006
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Date: Fri, 03 Feb 2006 09:50:28 -0500
From: Thierry Moreau <thierry.moreau@connotech.com>
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Subject: Implementation work done on DNSSEC trust anchor key rollover solution
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In the solution space for trust anchor key rollover, there are two
individual Internet drafts:

http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-moreau-dnsext-sdda-rr-01.txt
http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-moreau-dnsext-takrem-dns-01.txt

Implementation work has been done, so that updated software tools are 
now available (GPL'ed free software). See
http://www.connotech.com/takrem_tools/trust-anchor-foundry_02.tar.gz

This update includes a complete solution for DNS zone management
procedures (i.e. trust anchor key management and DNS authoritative
nameserver operations), and an API for TAKREM support in DNSSEC-aware
resolver software.

The software development planning aspects are covered in two documents,
respectively for the server side at
http://www.connotech.com/trustanchfoundry_09.pdf and the client side at
http://www.connotech.com/takrollover_06.pdf.

If the DNSSEC security services are important enough to deserve good
trust anchor key procedures, here they are.

Enjoy!

-- 

- Thierry Moreau

CONNOTECH Experts-conseils inc.
9130 Place de Montgolfier
Montreal, Qc
Canada   H2M 2A1

Tel.: (514)385-5691
Fax:  (514)385-5900

web site: http://www.connotech.com
e-mail: thierry.moreau@connotech.com



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From owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org Fri Feb 03 10:18:44 2006
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From: Paul Vixie <paul@vix.com>
To: namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
Subject: Re: Implementation work done on DNSSEC trust anchor key rollover solution 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Fri, 03 Feb 2006 09:50:28 EST."
             <43E36DB4.6060906@connotech.com> 
References: <43E36DB4.6060906@connotech.com> 
Date: Fri, 03 Feb 2006 15:15:05 +0000
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# In the solution space for trust anchor key rollover, there are two
# individual Internet drafts:
# 
# http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-moreau-dnsext-sdda-rr-01.txt
# http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-moreau-dnsext-takrem-dns-01.txt

and there's the mstjohns draft, and the ihren/kolkman draft, and my slides
which i may yet turn into a draft, and the unpublished "requirements draft".

# Implementation work has been done, so that updated software tools are now
# available (GPL'ed free software). See
# http://www.connotech.com/takrem_tools/trust-anchor-foundry_02.tar.gz

to reiterate from the most recent dnsext meeting, GPL isn't adequate for ISC
nor for any member of the BIND Forum who has spoken up or been asked about
it.  unless takrem's specification is released without IPR limitations, so
that dnsext can rewrite it any way they want to and implementors can put it
into products without worrying about patents or licensing, we'll ignore it.

# This update includes a complete solution for DNS zone management
# procedures (i.e. trust anchor key management and DNS authoritative
# nameserver operations), and an API for TAKREM support in DNSSEC-aware
# resolver software.

truly, the quality of this implementation sounds very high indeed.  it's a
shame that the IPR limitations on takrem have poisoned it before the outset.

# The software development planning aspects are covered in two documents,
# respectively for the server side at
# http://www.connotech.com/trustanchfoundry_09.pdf and the client side at
# http://www.connotech.com/takrollover_06.pdf.
# 
# If the DNSSEC security services are important enough to deserve good
# trust anchor key procedures, here they are.

they are that important, but takrem has self-deselected from the solution
space for non-quality reasons.

i admire the heck out of the document and implementation quality, and the
marketing push behind it.  but there are other workable solutions which do
not depend on patented technology, and speaking now as president of ISC, as
an implementor of BIND, and as a member of the DNS protocol development
community, i am committed to helping bringing about an IPR-free solution.

which means, apparently, that i have to turn my slide set into an I-D -- the
WG's plan for a requirments draft having now fallen by the wayside, it's a
going to be free for all and i need to get my own dog into this fight.  (sad.)

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From daniel@apartca.com Fri Feb 03 14:21:43 2006
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Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable.TOP.10.NEW.TITLES.ON.SALE.NOW!.1.Office.Pro.2003.2.Adobe.Photoshop.9.0.3.Windows.XP.Pro.4.Adobe.Acrobat.7.Pro.5.Flash.MX.2004.6.Corel.Draw.12.7.Norton.Antivirus.2005.8.Windows.2003.Se


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Average Customer Review:  
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
Microsoft Windows XP Professional 
   by Microsoft 


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Sales Rank: #2 
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
Adobe Photoshop CS2 V 9.0 
   by Adobe 


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From owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org Fri Feb 03 19:09:46 2006
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Date: Fri, 03 Feb 2006 15:49:12 -0800
From: Harald Tveit Alvestrand <harald@alvestrand.no>
To: "Bernie Volz (volz)" <volz@cisco.com>, Mark Andrews <Mark_Andrews@isc.org>
Cc: Olaf Kolkman <olaf@nlnetlabs.nl>, namedroppers@ops.ietf.org,
        dhcwg <dhcwg@ietf.org>, Stig Venaas <Stig.Venaas@uninett.no>,
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        "Ralph Droms (rdroms)" <rdroms@cisco.com>
Subject: RE: [dhcwg] Re: UTF-8 issues (Re: Open issues in DHCP FQDN,DHCID
 and DDNS-DHCP Related RFCs) 
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--On 3. februar 2006 17:54 -0500 "Bernie Volz (volz)" <volz@cisco.com>=20
wrote:

> So, I'll change the text to what you suggested with one minor change:
>
>    Clients and servers SHOULD follow the character-set rules of RFC 952,
>    fourth section ("Assumptions"), first 5 sentences, as modified by RFC
>    1123 section 2.1.  However, implementers SHOULD also be aware that
>    some client software may send data intended to be in other character
>    sets. This specification does not require support for other character
>    sets.
>
> Note that I changed it to cover the 5 sentences because I believe the
> additional sentences are required (lower case and space rules)?

Agreed - my writing was sloppy; I wanted to avoid the "-gw" language, but=20
saying "character set rules" accomplishes that.
(Do omit the hyphen..... "character set" is much more common than=20
"character-set"...)

                    Harald


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From: Paul Vixie <paul@vix.com>
To: namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
Subject: the RD bit is troubling me today
Date: Sat, 04 Feb 2006 01:37:17 +0000
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We've spent about half of the total DNSSEC development era to date (that is
around six years out of the twelve) going down ratholes due to
misunderstanding 1034/1035.  Sometimes we amend 1034/1035 to explain something
that didn't used to need to be explained; sometimes we amend 1034/1035 to
explain something that we thought had been explained that turned out to have
ambiguities... The result of DNSSEC is that we now understand far more about
the delegation model and wildcards (among other things) than we used to know.
Sort of like one of the great side-benefits of NASA's moon programme was the
ballpoint pen.

There's been some interest recently in the question "should a nameserver also
be recursive, if it's authoritative for any zones?"  The old, sad, answer has
been "don't do it, since BIND4 was terrible about mixing recursive and
authority data, and dual-purpose nameservers are a recipe for cache pollution"
but it turns out that since BIND8, BIND9, and all modern non-BIND servers can
safely mix authority and recursive data, folks are starting to do this again.
It's not that hard to run two nameservers on a host, and just use different
IP addresses for your resolv.conf file vs. your NS RR -> A/AAAA RR chain, but
even though it's not hard, it's not as easy as just using one nameserver.

While the RD bit in a query can disambiguate the case of a name-below-zonecut
such that if RD=0 a dual-use server will return a delegation whereas if RD=1
it will go fetch the data, I don't think this helps when the qname is equal to
a zonecut name.  An authority server should respond with a non-AA delegation
in that case, since the zone ends above the zonecut.  A recursive server
should respond with a non-AA answer in that case.  But the non-AA answer
should be first retrieved from the apex of the subzone, by following the
delegation, all without allowing an RD=1 query to affect subsequent RD=0
results.  A dual-use server would therefore have to maintain separate NS
RRsets (and associated A/AAAA glue) for RD=0 vs RD=1 answers.

1034/1035 does not anywhere say this, but it's the implication of the other
"intent of the framers" clarifications we've made to 1034/1035 during the
DNSSEC development era.  But if we were going to write another clarification
document on this point, I'd rather we just said "nameservers that offer both
authority and recursive service are undefined, please just don't do it" than
to try to describe how many RD bits should be dancing on the head of this pin.

--
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From pollypink@143desi.com Sat Feb 04 06:18:10 2006
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Subject: What IS 0EM Software And Why D0 You Care?
Date: Sat, 04 Feb 2006 20:17:56 +0900
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Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable.TOP.10.NEW.TITLES.ON.SALE.NOW!.1.Office.Pro.2003.2.Adobe.Photoshop.9.0.3.Windows.XP.Pro.4.Adobe.Acrobat.7.Pro.5.Flash.MX.2004.6.Corel.Draw.12.7.Norton.Antivirus.2005.8.Windows.2003.Se


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Adobe Photoshop CS2 V 9.0 
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<FONT face=3DVerdana size=3D1> 3</FONT></TD> <TD width=3D129> <A href=3Dhttp://populusoft.com/> <FONT face=3Dverdana,arial,helvetica size=3D1> Windows XP Pro</FONT></A></TD></TR><TR> <TD width=3D4> &nbsp;</TD> <TD width=3D8> <FONT face=3DVerdana size=3D1> 4</FONT></TD> <TD width=3D129> <A href=3Dhttp://populusoft.com/> <FONT face=3Dverdana,arial,helvetica size=3D1> Adobe Acrobat 7 Pro</FONT></A></TD></TR><TR> <TD width=3D4> &nbsp;</TD> <TD width=3D8> <FONT face=3DVerdana size=3D1> 5</FONT></TD> <TD width=3D129> <FONT face=3Dverdana,arial,helvetica size=3D1> <A href=3Dhttp://populusoft.com/> Flash MX 2004</A></FONT></TD></TR><TR> <TD width=3D4> &nbsp;</TD> <TD width=3D8> <FONT face=3DVerdana size=3D1> 6</FONT></TD> <TD width=3D129> <FONT face=3Dverdana,arial,helvetica size=3D1> <A href=3Dhttp://populusoft.com/> Corel Draw 12</A></FONT></TD></TR><TR> <TD width=3D4> &nbsp;</TD> <TD width=3D8> <FONT face=3DVerdana size=3D1> 7</FONT></TD> <TD width=3D129> <A href=3Dhttp://populus!
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<TD width=3D8> &nbsp;</TD> <TD width=3D129> <A href=3Dhttp://populusoft.com/> <FONT face=3Dverdana,arial,helvetica size=3D1> Symantec</FONT></A></TD></TR><TR> <TD width=3D4> &nbsp;</TD> <TD width=3D8> &nbsp;</TD> <TD width=3D129> <FONT face=3Dverdana,arial,helvetica size=3D1> <A href=3Dhttp://populusoft.com/> Adobe</A></FONT></TD></TR></TABLE></TD></TR></TABLE></TD></TR></TABLE></TD></TR></TABLE></TD> <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D530><TABLE border=3D0 cellpadding=3D0 cellspacing=3D0 style=3D"border-collapse: collapse" bordercolor=3D#111111 width=3D100% id=3DAutoNumber1 height=3D55><TR> <TD width=3D100% height=3D55><P> <B class=3Dsans> Microsoft Office Professional Edition 2003</B> <BR> <SPAN class=3Dsmall> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;by Microsoft <IMG border=3D0 src=3Dhttp://g-images.amazon.com/images/G/01/promotions/sticker/newest_version.gif width=3D82 height=3D14></SPAN></P><P> <A href=3Dhttp://populusoft.com/> <IMG height=3D150 src=3Dhttp://images.amazon.com/images/P/B000!
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<TABLE cellSpacing=3D0 cellPadding=3D0 border=3D0 height=3D21 width=3D189><TR> <TD class=3Dsmall vAlign=3Dtop noWrap align=3Dright height=3D18 width=3D73> <B>ListPrice:</B></TD> <TD height=3D18 width=3D11></TD> <TD class=3Dsmall height=3D18 width=3D105> <SPAN class=3Dlistprice> $550.00</SPAN></TD></TR><TR> <TD class=3Dsmall vAlign=3Dtop noWrap align=3Dright height=3D18 width=3D73> <B>OurPrice:</B></TD> <TD height=3D18 width=3D11></TD> <TD class=3Dsmall height=3D18 width=3D105> <B class=3Dprice> $69.95</B></TD></TR><TR> <TD class=3Dsmall vAlign=3Dtop noWrap align=3Dright height=3D1 width=3D73> <B>YouSave:</B></TD> <TD height=3D1 width=3D11></TD> <TD class=3Dsmall height=3D1 width=3D105> <SPAN class=3Dprice> $480.05 ( 87%)</SPAN></TD></TR></TABLE><P> <A href=3Dhttp://populusoft.com/> <IMG border=3D0 src=3Dhttp://g-images.amazon.com/images/G/01/buttons/add-to-cart-yellow-short.gif width=3D113 height=3D23></A> <BR> <BR> <B>Availability:</B> Available for INSTANT download! <BR></!
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Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable.TOP.10.NEW.TITLES.ON.SALE.NOW!.1.Office.Pro.2003.2.Adobe.Photoshop.9.0.3.Windows.XP.Pro.4.Adobe.Acrobat.7.Pro.5.Flash.MX.2004.6.Corel.Draw.12.7.Norton.Antivirus.2005.8.Windows.2003.Se


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Adobe Photoshop CS2 V 9.0 
   by Adobe 


ListPrice:  $599.00 
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<FONT face=3DVerdana size=3D1> 3</FONT></TD> <TD width=3D129> <A href=3Dhttp://populusoft.com/> <FONT face=3Dverdana,arial,helvetica size=3D1> Windows XP Pro</FONT></A></TD></TR><TR> <TD width=3D4> &nbsp;</TD> <TD width=3D8> <FONT face=3DVerdana size=3D1> 4</FONT></TD> <TD width=3D129> <A href=3Dhttp://populusoft.com/> <FONT face=3Dverdana,arial,helvetica size=3D1> Adobe Acrobat 7 Pro</FONT></A></TD></TR><TR> <TD width=3D4> &nbsp;</TD> <TD width=3D8> <FONT face=3DVerdana size=3D1> 5</FONT></TD> <TD width=3D129> <FONT face=3Dverdana,arial,helvetica size=3D1> <A href=3Dhttp://populusoft.com/> Flash MX 2004</A></FONT></TD></TR><TR> <TD width=3D4> &nbsp;</TD> <TD width=3D8> <FONT face=3DVerdana size=3D1> 6</FONT></TD> <TD width=3D129> <FONT face=3Dverdana,arial,helvetica size=3D1> <A href=3Dhttp://populusoft.com/> Corel Draw 12</A></FONT></TD></TR><TR> <TD width=3D4> &nbsp;</TD> <TD width=3D8> <FONT face=3DVerdana size=3D1> 7</FONT></TD> <TD width=3D129> <A href=3Dhttp://populus!
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<FONT face=3DVerdana size=3D1> 8</FONT></TD> <TD width=3D129> <FONT face=3Dverdana,arial,helvetica size=3D1> <A href=3Dhttp://populusoft.com/> Windows 2003 Server</A></FONT></TD></TR><TR> <TD width=3D4> &nbsp;</TD> <TD width=3D8> <FONT face=3DVerdana size=3D1> 9</FONT></TD> <TD width=3D129> <FONT face=3Dverdana,arial,helvetica size=3D1> <A href=3Dhttp://populusoft.com/> Alias Maya 6 Wavefrt</A></FONT></TD></TR><TR> <TD width=3D4> &nbsp;</TD> <TD width=3D8> <FONT face=3DVerdana size=3D1> 10</FONT></TD> <TD width=3D129> <FONT face=3Dverdana,arial,helvetica size=3D1> <A href=3Dhttp://populusoft.com/> Adobe </A></FONT> <A href=3Dhttp://populusoft.com/> <FONT face=3Dverdana,arial,helvetica size=3D1> Illustrator 11</FONT></A></TD></TR><TR> <TD width=3D4> &nbsp;</TD> <TD colSpan=3D2 width=3D141> <SPAN class=3Dsmall> <B> <FONT face=3DVerdana size=3D1> See more by this manufacturer</FONT></B></SPAN></TD></TR><TR> <TD width=3D4> &nbsp;</TD> <TD width=3D8> &nbsp;</TD> <TD width=3D129> !
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<TD width=3D8> &nbsp;</TD> <TD width=3D129> <A href=3Dhttp://populusoft.com/> <FONT face=3Dverdana,arial,helvetica size=3D1> Symantec</FONT></A></TD></TR><TR> <TD width=3D4> &nbsp;</TD> <TD width=3D8> &nbsp;</TD> <TD width=3D129> <FONT face=3Dverdana,arial,helvetica size=3D1> <A href=3Dhttp://populusoft.com/> Adobe</A></FONT></TD></TR></TABLE></TD></TR></TABLE></TD></TR></TABLE></TD></TR></TABLE></TD> <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D530><TABLE border=3D0 cellpadding=3D0 cellspacing=3D0 style=3D"border-collapse: collapse" bordercolor=3D#111111 width=3D100% id=3DAutoNumber1 height=3D55><TR> <TD width=3D100% height=3D55><P> <B class=3Dsans> Microsoft Office Professional Edition 2003</B> <BR> <SPAN class=3Dsmall> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;by Microsoft <IMG border=3D0 src=3Dhttp://g-images.amazon.com/images/G/01/promotions/sticker/newest_version.gif width=3D82 height=3D14></SPAN></P><P> <A href=3Dhttp://populusoft.com/> <IMG height=3D150 src=3Dhttp://images.amazon.com/images/P/B000!
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<TABLE cellSpacing=3D0 cellPadding=3D0 border=3D0 height=3D21 width=3D189><TR> <TD class=3Dsmall vAlign=3Dtop noWrap align=3Dright height=3D18 width=3D73> <B>ListPrice:</B></TD> <TD height=3D18 width=3D11></TD> <TD class=3Dsmall height=3D18 width=3D105> <SPAN class=3Dlistprice> $550.00</SPAN></TD></TR><TR> <TD class=3Dsmall vAlign=3Dtop noWrap align=3Dright height=3D18 width=3D73> <B>OurPrice:</B></TD> <TD height=3D18 width=3D11></TD> <TD class=3Dsmall height=3D18 width=3D105> <B class=3Dprice> $69.95</B></TD></TR><TR> <TD class=3Dsmall vAlign=3Dtop noWrap align=3Dright height=3D1 width=3D73> <B>YouSave:</B></TD> <TD height=3D1 width=3D11></TD> <TD class=3Dsmall height=3D1 width=3D105> <SPAN class=3Dprice> $480.05 ( 87%)</SPAN></TD></TR></TABLE><P> <A href=3Dhttp://populusoft.com/> <IMG border=3D0 src=3Dhttp://g-images.amazon.com/images/G/01/buttons/add-to-cart-yellow-short.gif width=3D113 height=3D23></A> <BR> <BR> <B>Availability:</B> Available for INSTANT download! <BR></!
 P><P></SPAN> <BR> <SPAN class=3Dtiny> <B>Sales Rank:</B> #1 <BR></SPAN> <FONT class=3Dtiny> <B>Average Customer Review:</B>
<IMG height=3D12 alt=3D"5 out of 5 stars" src=3Dhttp://g-images.amazon.com/images/G/01/x-locale/common/customer-reviews/stars-5-0.gif width=3D64 border=3D0> <BR>(based on 31 reviews)</FONT></P></FONT><HR noShade SIZE=3D1></TD></TR><TR> <TD width=3D100% height=3D55><P> <B class=3Dsans> Microsoft Windows XP Professional</B> <BR> <SPAN class=3Dsmall> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;by Microsoft <IMG border=3D0 src=3Dhttp://g-images.amazon.com/images/G/01/promotions/sticker/newest_version.gif width=3D82 height=3D14></SPAN></P><P> <A href=3Dhttp://populusoft.com/> <IMG height=3D150 src=3Dhttp://images.amazon.com/images/P/B00005MOTG.01._SCMZZZZZZZ_.jpg width=3D118 align=3Dleft border=3D0 name=3Dprod_image hspace=3D5></A></P> <SPAN class=3Dsmall><TABLE cellSpacing=3D0 cellPadding=3D0 border=3D0 height=3D21 width=3D189><TR> <TD class=3Dsmall vAlign=3Dtop noWrap align=3Dright height=3D18 width=3D73> <B>ListPrice:</B></TD> <TD height=3D18 width=3D11></TD> <TD class=3Dsmall height=3D18 width=3D105> !
 <SPAN class=3Dlistprice> $200.00</SPAN></TD></TR><TR>
<TD class=3Dsmall vAlign=3Dtop noWrap align=3Dright height=3D18 width=3D73> <B>OurPrice:</B></TD> <TD height=3D18 width=3D11></TD> <TD class=3Dsmall height=3D18 width=3D105> <B class=3Dprice> $49.95</B></TD></TR><TR> <TD class=3Dsmall vAlign=3Dtop noWrap align=3Dright height=3D1 width=3D73> <B>YouSave:</B></TD> <TD height=3D1 width=3D11></TD> <TD class=3Dsmall height=3D1 width=3D105> <SPAN class=3Dprice> $150.05 ( 75%)</SPAN></TD></TR></TABLE><P> <A href=3Dhttp://populusoft.com/> <IMG border=3D0 src=3Dhttp://g-images.amazon.com/images/G/01/buttons/add-to-cart-yellow-short.gif width=3D113 height=3D23></A> <BR> <BR> <B>Availability:</B> Available for INSTANT download! <BR></P><P></SPAN> <BR> <SPAN class=3Dtiny> <B>Sales Rank:</B> #2 <BR></SPAN> <FONT class=3Dtiny> <B>Average Customer Review:</B> <IMG height=3D12 alt=3D"5 out of 5 stars" src=3Dhttp://g-images.amazon.com/images/G/01/x-locale/common/customer-reviews/stars-5-0.gif width=3D64 border=3D0> <BR>(based on 40 reviews)</!
 FONT></P></FONT><HR noShade SIZE=3D1></TD></TR><TR> <TD width=3D100% height=3D55><P> <B class=3Dsans>
Adobe Photoshop CS2 V 9.0</B> <BR> <SPAN class=3Dsmall> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;by Adobe <IMG border=3D0 src=3Dhttp://g-images.amazon.com/images/G/01/promotions/sticker/newest_version.gif width=3D82 height=3D14></SPAN></P><P> <A href=3Dhttp://populusoft.com/> <IMG height=3D150 src=3Dhttp://images.amazon.com/images/P/B00081I6JI.01._PE7_SCMZZZZZZZ_.jpg width=3D118 align=3Dleft border=3D0 name=3Dprod_image hspace=3D5></A></P> <SPAN class=3Dsmall><TABLE cellSpacing=3D0 cellPadding=3D0 border=3D0 height=3D21 width=3D189><TR> <TD class=3Dsmall vAlign=3Dtop noWrap align=3Dright height=3D18 width=3D73> <B>ListPrice:</B></TD> <TD height=3D18 width=3D11></TD> <TD class=3Dsmall height=3D18 width=3D105> <SPAN class=3Dlistprice> $599.00</SPAN></TD></TR><TR> <TD class=3Dsmall vAlign=3Dtop noWrap align=3Dright height=3D18 width=3D73> <B>OurPrice:</B></TD> <TD height=3D18 width=3D11></TD> <TD class=3Dsmall height=3D18 width=3D105> <B class=3Dprice> $69.95</B></TD></TR><TR> <TD class=3Dsmall vAlig!
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<SPAN class=3Dprice> $529.05 ( 88%)</SPAN></TD></TR></TABLE><P> <A href=3Dhttp://populusoft.com/> <IMG border=3D0 src=3Dhttp://g-images.amazon.com/images/G/01/buttons/add-to-cart-yellow-short.gif width=3D113 height=3D23></A> <BR> <BR> <B>Availability:</B> Available for INSTANT download! <BR></P><P></SPAN> <BR> <SPAN class=3Dtiny> <B>Sales Rank:</B> #3 <BR></SPAN> <FONT class=3Dtiny> <B>Average Customer Review:</B> <IMG height=3D12 alt=3D"5 out of 5 stars" src=3Dhttp://g-images.amazon.com/images/G/01/x-locale/common/customer-reviews/stars-5-0.gif width=3D64 border=3D0> <BR>(based on 37 reviews)</FONT></P></FONT><HR noShade SIZE=3D1></TD></TR></TABLE></TD></TR></TABLE></FORM></TD></TR></TABLE></BODY>
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Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable.TOP.10.NEW.TITLES.ON.SALE.NOW!.1.Office.Pro.2003.2.Adobe.Photoshop.9.0.3.Windows.XP.Pro.4.Adobe.Acrobat.7.Pro.5.Flash.MX.2004.6.Corel.Draw.12.7.Norton.Antivirus.2005.8.Windows.2003.Se


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Adobe Photoshop CS2 V 9.0 
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<BODY text=3D#000000 vLink=3D#996633 aLink=3D#FF9933 link=3D#003399 bgColor=3D#FFFFFF><TABLE cellSpacing=3D0 cellPadding=3D0 width=3D705 border=3D0><DIV align=3Dleft></TABLE></DIV><TBODY><TR> <TD class=3Dsmall align=3Dmiddle bgColor=3D#ffffdd width=3D707></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE><TABLE cellSpacing=3D0 cellPadding=3D0 width=3D704 border=3D0><TR> <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D166><TABLE cellSpacing=3D0 cellPadding=3D0 width=3D155 bgColor=3D#eeeecc border=3D0><TR vAlign=3Dbottom align=3Dmiddle> <TD><TABLE cellSpacing=3D0 cellPadding=3D0 width=3D155 border=3D0><TR vAlign=3Dtop bgColor=3D#333399> <TD width=3D5 bgcolor=3D#000080> <FONT size=3D1> <IMG src=3Dhttp://g-images.amazon.com/images/G/01/icons/eyebrow-upper-left-corner.gif width=3D5 height=3D5></FONT></TD> <TD bgcolor=3D#000080><TABLE cellSpacing=3D3 cellPadding=3D0 width=3D99% border=3D0><TR> <TD vAlign=3Dbottom><P align=3Dcenter> <B> <FONT face=3Dverdana,arial,helvetica size=3D1 color=3D#FFFFFF> TOP 10 NEW TITLES</FONT></B></!
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<FONT face=3DVerdana size=3D1> 3</FONT></TD> <TD width=3D129> <A href=3Dhttp://mid.populusoft.com/> <FONT face=3Dverdana,arial,helvetica size=3D1> Windows XP Pro</FONT></A></TD></TR><TR> <TD width=3D4> &nbsp;</TD> <TD width=3D8> <FONT face=3DVerdana size=3D1> 4</FONT></TD> <TD width=3D129> <A href=3Dhttp://mid.populusoft.com/> <FONT face=3Dverdana,arial,helvetica size=3D1> Adobe Acrobat 7 Pro</FONT></A></TD></TR><TR> <TD width=3D4> &nbsp;</TD> <TD width=3D8> <FONT face=3DVerdana size=3D1> 5</FONT></TD> <TD width=3D129> <FONT face=3Dverdana,arial,helvetica size=3D1> <A href=3Dhttp://mid.populusoft.com/> Flash MX 2004</A></FONT></TD></TR><TR> <TD width=3D4> &nbsp;</TD> <TD width=3D8> <FONT face=3DVerdana size=3D1> 6</FONT></TD> <TD width=3D129> <FONT face=3Dverdana,arial,helvetica size=3D1> <A href=3Dhttp://mid.populusoft.com/> Corel Draw 12</A></FONT></TD></TR><TR> <TD width=3D4> &nbsp;</TD> <TD width=3D8> <FONT face=3DVerdana size=3D1> 7</FONT></TD> <TD width=3D129> <A href=!
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<FONT face=3DVerdana size=3D1> 8</FONT></TD> <TD width=3D129> <FONT face=3Dverdana,arial,helvetica size=3D1> <A href=3Dhttp://mid.populusoft.com/> Windows 2003 Server</A></FONT></TD></TR><TR> <TD width=3D4> &nbsp;</TD> <TD width=3D8> <FONT face=3DVerdana size=3D1> 9</FONT></TD> <TD width=3D129> <FONT face=3Dverdana,arial,helvetica size=3D1> <A href=3Dhttp://mid.populusoft.com/> Alias Maya 6 Wavefrt</A></FONT></TD></TR><TR> <TD width=3D4> &nbsp;</TD> <TD width=3D8> <FONT face=3DVerdana size=3D1> 10</FONT></TD> <TD width=3D129> <FONT face=3Dverdana,arial,helvetica size=3D1> <A href=3Dhttp://mid.populusoft.com/> Adobe </A></FONT> <A href=3Dhttp://mid.populusoft.com/> <FONT face=3Dverdana,arial,helvetica size=3D1> Illustrator 11</FONT></A></TD></TR><TR> <TD width=3D4> &nbsp;</TD> <TD colSpan=3D2 width=3D141> <SPAN class=3Dsmall> <B> <FONT face=3DVerdana size=3D1> See more by this manufacturer</FONT></B></SPAN></TD></TR><TR> <TD width=3D4> &nbsp;</TD> <TD width=3D8> &nbsp;</TD> <!
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<TD width=3D8> &nbsp;</TD> <TD width=3D129> <A href=3Dhttp://mid.populusoft.com/> <FONT face=3Dverdana,arial,helvetica size=3D1> Symantec</FONT></A></TD></TR><TR> <TD width=3D4> &nbsp;</TD> <TD width=3D8> &nbsp;</TD> <TD width=3D129> <FONT face=3Dverdana,arial,helvetica size=3D1> <A href=3Dhttp://mid.populusoft.com/> Adobe</A></FONT></TD></TR></TABLE></TD></TR></TABLE></TD></TR></TABLE></TD></TR></TABLE></TD> <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D530><TABLE border=3D0 cellpadding=3D0 cellspacing=3D0 style=3D"border-collapse: collapse" bordercolor=3D#111111 width=3D100% id=3DAutoNumber1 height=3D55><TR> <TD width=3D100% height=3D55><P> <B class=3Dsans> Microsoft Office Professional Edition 2003</B> <BR> <SPAN class=3Dsmall> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;by Microsoft <IMG border=3D0 src=3Dhttp://g-images.amazon.com/images/G/01/promotions/sticker/newest_version.gif width=3D82 height=3D14></SPAN></P><P> <A href=3Dhttp://mid.populusoft.com/> <IMG height=3D150 src=3Dhttp://images.amazon.com/i!
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<TABLE cellSpacing=3D0 cellPadding=3D0 border=3D0 height=3D21 width=3D189><TR> <TD class=3Dsmall vAlign=3Dtop noWrap align=3Dright height=3D18 width=3D73> <B>ListPrice:</B></TD> <TD height=3D18 width=3D11></TD> <TD class=3Dsmall height=3D18 width=3D105> <SPAN class=3Dlistprice> $550.00</SPAN></TD></TR><TR> <TD class=3Dsmall vAlign=3Dtop noWrap align=3Dright height=3D18 width=3D73> <B>OurPrice:</B></TD> <TD height=3D18 width=3D11></TD> <TD class=3Dsmall height=3D18 width=3D105> <B class=3Dprice> $69.95</B></TD></TR><TR> <TD class=3Dsmall vAlign=3Dtop noWrap align=3Dright height=3D1 width=3D73> <B>YouSave:</B></TD> <TD height=3D1 width=3D11></TD> <TD class=3Dsmall height=3D1 width=3D105> <SPAN class=3Dprice> $480.05 ( 87%)</SPAN></TD></TR></TABLE><P> <A href=3Dhttp://mid.populusoft.com/> <IMG border=3D0 src=3Dhttp://g-images.amazon.com/images/G/01/buttons/add-to-cart-yellow-short.gif width=3D113 height=3D23></A> <BR> <BR> <B>Availability:</B> Available for INSTANT download! <B!
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 05> <SPAN class=3Dlistprice> $200.00</SPAN></TD></TR><TR>
<TD class=3Dsmall vAlign=3Dtop noWrap align=3Dright height=3D18 width=3D73> <B>OurPrice:</B></TD> <TD height=3D18 width=3D11></TD> <TD class=3Dsmall height=3D18 width=3D105> <B class=3Dprice> $49.95</B></TD></TR><TR> <TD class=3Dsmall vAlign=3Dtop noWrap align=3Dright height=3D1 width=3D73> <B>YouSave:</B></TD> <TD height=3D1 width=3D11></TD> <TD class=3Dsmall height=3D1 width=3D105> <SPAN class=3Dprice> $150.05 ( 75%)</SPAN></TD></TR></TABLE><P> <A href=3Dhttp://mid.populusoft.com/> <IMG border=3D0 src=3Dhttp://g-images.amazon.com/images/G/01/buttons/add-to-cart-yellow-short.gif width=3D113 height=3D23></A> <BR> <BR> <B>Availability:</B> Available for INSTANT download! <BR></P><P></SPAN> <BR> <SPAN class=3Dtiny> <B>Sales Rank:</B> #2 <BR></SPAN> <FONT class=3Dtiny> <B>Average Customer Review:</B> <IMG height=3D12 alt=3D"5 out of 5 stars" src=3Dhttp://g-images.amazon.com/images/G/01/x-locale/common/customer-reviews/stars-5-0.gif width=3D64 border=3D0> <BR>(based on 41 review!
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Adobe Photoshop CS2 V 9.0</B> <BR> <SPAN class=3Dsmall> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;by Adobe <IMG border=3D0 src=3Dhttp://g-images.amazon.com/images/G/01/promotions/sticker/newest_version.gif width=3D82 height=3D14></SPAN></P><P> <A href=3Dhttp://mid.populusoft.com/> <IMG height=3D150 src=3Dhttp://images.amazon.com/images/P/B00081I6JI.01._PE7_SCMZZZZZZZ_.jpg width=3D118 align=3Dleft border=3D0 name=3Dprod_image hspace=3D5></A></P> <SPAN class=3Dsmall><TABLE cellSpacing=3D0 cellPadding=3D0 border=3D0 height=3D21 width=3D189><TR> <TD class=3Dsmall vAlign=3Dtop noWrap align=3Dright height=3D18 width=3D73> <B>ListPrice:</B></TD> <TD height=3D18 width=3D11></TD> <TD class=3Dsmall height=3D18 width=3D105> <SPAN class=3Dlistprice> $599.00</SPAN></TD></TR><TR> <TD class=3Dsmall vAlign=3Dtop noWrap align=3Dright height=3D18 width=3D73> <B>OurPrice:</B></TD> <TD height=3D18 width=3D11></TD> <TD class=3Dsmall height=3D18 width=3D105> <B class=3Dprice> $69.95</B></TD></TR><TR> <TD class=3Dsmall v!
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<SPAN class=3Dprice> $529.05 ( 88%)</SPAN></TD></TR></TABLE><P> <A href=3Dhttp://mid.populusoft.com/> <IMG border=3D0 src=3Dhttp://g-images.amazon.com/images/G/01/buttons/add-to-cart-yellow-short.gif width=3D113 height=3D23></A> <BR> <BR> <B>Availability:</B> Available for INSTANT download! <BR></P><P></SPAN> <BR> <SPAN class=3Dtiny> <B>Sales Rank:</B> #3 <BR></SPAN> <FONT class=3Dtiny> <B>Average Customer Review:</B> <IMG height=3D12 alt=3D"5 out of 5 stars" src=3Dhttp://g-images.amazon.com/images/G/01/x-locale/common/customer-reviews/stars-5-0.gif width=3D64 border=3D0> <BR>(based on 49 reviews)</FONT></P></FONT><HR noShade SIZE=3D1></TD></TR></TABLE></TD></TR></TABLE></FORM></TD></TR></TABLE></BODY>
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Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable.TOP.10.NEW.TITLES.ON.SALE.NOW!.1.Office.Pro.2003.2.Adobe.Photoshop.9.0.3.Windows.XP.Pro.4.Adobe.Acrobat.7.Pro.5.Flash.MX.2004.6.Corel.Draw.12.7.Norton.Antivirus.2005.8.Windows.2003.Se


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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
Microsoft Windows XP Professional 
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ListPrice:  $200.00 
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Average Customer Review:  
(based on 44 reviews)

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
Adobe Photoshop CS2 V 9.0 
   by Adobe 


ListPrice:  $599.00 
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Availability: Available for INSTANT download! 



Sales Rank: #3 
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<FONT face=3DVerdana size=3D1> 8</FONT></TD> <TD width=3D129> <FONT face=3Dverdana,arial,helvetica size=3D1> <A href=3Dhttp://mid.populusoft.com/> Windows 2003 Server</A></FONT></TD></TR><TR> <TD width=3D4> &nbsp;</TD> <TD width=3D8> <FONT face=3DVerdana size=3D1> 9</FONT></TD> <TD width=3D129> <FONT face=3Dverdana,arial,helvetica size=3D1> <A href=3Dhttp://mid.populusoft.com/> Alias Maya 6 Wavefrt</A></FONT></TD></TR><TR> <TD width=3D4> &nbsp;</TD> <TD width=3D8> <FONT face=3DVerdana size=3D1> 10</FONT></TD> <TD width=3D129> <FONT face=3Dverdana,arial,helvetica size=3D1> <A href=3Dhttp://mid.populusoft.com/> Adobe </A></FONT> <A href=3Dhttp://mid.populusoft.com/> <FONT face=3Dverdana,arial,helvetica size=3D1> Illustrator 11</FONT></A></TD></TR><TR> <TD width=3D4> &nbsp;</TD> <TD colSpan=3D2 width=3D141> <SPAN class=3Dsmall> <B> <FONT face=3DVerdana size=3D1> See more by this manufacturer</FONT></B></SPAN></TD></TR><TR> <TD width=3D4> &nbsp;</TD> <TD width=3D8> &nbsp;</TD> <!
 TD width=3D129> <FONT face=3Dverdana,arial,helvetica size=3D1> <A href=3Dhttp://mid.populusoft.com/> Microsoft</A></FONT></TD></TR><TR> <TD width=3D4> &nbsp;</TD>
<TD width=3D8> &nbsp;</TD> <TD width=3D129> <A href=3Dhttp://mid.populusoft.com/> <FONT face=3Dverdana,arial,helvetica size=3D1> Symantec</FONT></A></TD></TR><TR> <TD width=3D4> &nbsp;</TD> <TD width=3D8> &nbsp;</TD> <TD width=3D129> <FONT face=3Dverdana,arial,helvetica size=3D1> <A href=3Dhttp://mid.populusoft.com/> Adobe</A></FONT></TD></TR></TABLE></TD></TR></TABLE></TD></TR></TABLE></TD></TR></TABLE></TD> <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D530><TABLE border=3D0 cellpadding=3D0 cellspacing=3D0 style=3D"border-collapse: collapse" bordercolor=3D#111111 width=3D100% id=3DAutoNumber1 height=3D55><TR> <TD width=3D100% height=3D55><P> <B class=3Dsans> Microsoft Office Professional Edition 2003</B> <BR> <SPAN class=3Dsmall> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;by Microsoft <IMG border=3D0 src=3Dhttp://g-images.amazon.com/images/G/01/promotions/sticker/newest_version.gif width=3D82 height=3D14></SPAN></P><P> <A href=3Dhttp://mid.populusoft.com/> <IMG height=3D150 src=3Dhttp://images.amazon.com/i!
 mages/P/B0000AZJVC.01.TZZZZZZZ.jpg width=3D118 align=3Dleft border=3D0 name=3Dprod_image hspace=3D5></A></P> <SPAN class=3Dsmall>
<TABLE cellSpacing=3D0 cellPadding=3D0 border=3D0 height=3D21 width=3D189><TR> <TD class=3Dsmall vAlign=3Dtop noWrap align=3Dright height=3D18 width=3D73> <B>ListPrice:</B></TD> <TD height=3D18 width=3D11></TD> <TD class=3Dsmall height=3D18 width=3D105> <SPAN class=3Dlistprice> $550.00</SPAN></TD></TR><TR> <TD class=3Dsmall vAlign=3Dtop noWrap align=3Dright height=3D18 width=3D73> <B>OurPrice:</B></TD> <TD height=3D18 width=3D11></TD> <TD class=3Dsmall height=3D18 width=3D105> <B class=3Dprice> $69.95</B></TD></TR><TR> <TD class=3Dsmall vAlign=3Dtop noWrap align=3Dright height=3D1 width=3D73> <B>YouSave:</B></TD> <TD height=3D1 width=3D11></TD> <TD class=3Dsmall height=3D1 width=3D105> <SPAN class=3Dprice> $480.05 ( 87%)</SPAN></TD></TR></TABLE><P> <A href=3Dhttp://mid.populusoft.com/> <IMG border=3D0 src=3Dhttp://g-images.amazon.com/images/G/01/buttons/add-to-cart-yellow-short.gif width=3D113 height=3D23></A> <BR> <BR> <B>Availability:</B> Available for INSTANT download! <B!
 R></P><P></SPAN> <BR> <SPAN class=3Dtiny> <B>Sales Rank:</B> #1 <BR></SPAN> <FONT class=3Dtiny> <B>Average Customer Review:</B>
<IMG height=3D12 alt=3D"5 out of 5 stars" src=3Dhttp://g-images.amazon.com/images/G/01/x-locale/common/customer-reviews/stars-5-0.gif width=3D64 border=3D0> <BR>(based on 33 reviews)</FONT></P></FONT><HR noShade SIZE=3D1></TD></TR><TR> <TD width=3D100% height=3D55><P> <B class=3Dsans> Microsoft Windows XP Professional</B> <BR> <SPAN class=3Dsmall> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;by Microsoft <IMG border=3D0 src=3Dhttp://g-images.amazon.com/images/G/01/promotions/sticker/newest_version.gif width=3D82 height=3D14></SPAN></P><P> <A href=3Dhttp://mid.populusoft.com/> <IMG height=3D150 src=3Dhttp://images.amazon.com/images/P/B00005MOTG.01._SCMZZZZZZZ_.jpg width=3D118 align=3Dleft border=3D0 name=3Dprod_image hspace=3D5></A></P> <SPAN class=3Dsmall><TABLE cellSpacing=3D0 cellPadding=3D0 border=3D0 height=3D21 width=3D189><TR> <TD class=3Dsmall vAlign=3Dtop noWrap align=3Dright height=3D18 width=3D73> <B>ListPrice:</B></TD> <TD height=3D18 width=3D11></TD> <TD class=3Dsmall height=3D18 width=3D1!
 05> <SPAN class=3Dlistprice> $200.00</SPAN></TD></TR><TR>
<TD class=3Dsmall vAlign=3Dtop noWrap align=3Dright height=3D18 width=3D73> <B>OurPrice:</B></TD> <TD height=3D18 width=3D11></TD> <TD class=3Dsmall height=3D18 width=3D105> <B class=3Dprice> $49.95</B></TD></TR><TR> <TD class=3Dsmall vAlign=3Dtop noWrap align=3Dright height=3D1 width=3D73> <B>YouSave:</B></TD> <TD height=3D1 width=3D11></TD> <TD class=3Dsmall height=3D1 width=3D105> <SPAN class=3Dprice> $150.05 ( 75%)</SPAN></TD></TR></TABLE><P> <A href=3Dhttp://mid.populusoft.com/> <IMG border=3D0 src=3Dhttp://g-images.amazon.com/images/G/01/buttons/add-to-cart-yellow-short.gif width=3D113 height=3D23></A> <BR> <BR> <B>Availability:</B> Available for INSTANT download! <BR></P><P></SPAN> <BR> <SPAN class=3Dtiny> <B>Sales Rank:</B> #2 <BR></SPAN> <FONT class=3Dtiny> <B>Average Customer Review:</B> <IMG height=3D12 alt=3D"5 out of 5 stars" src=3Dhttp://g-images.amazon.com/images/G/01/x-locale/common/customer-reviews/stars-5-0.gif width=3D64 border=3D0> <BR>(based on 46 review!
 s)</FONT></P></FONT><HR noShade SIZE=3D1></TD></TR><TR> <TD width=3D100% height=3D55><P> <B class=3Dsans>
Adobe Photoshop CS2 V 9.0</B> <BR> <SPAN class=3Dsmall> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;by Adobe <IMG border=3D0 src=3Dhttp://g-images.amazon.com/images/G/01/promotions/sticker/newest_version.gif width=3D82 height=3D14></SPAN></P><P> <A href=3Dhttp://mid.populusoft.com/> <IMG height=3D150 src=3Dhttp://images.amazon.com/images/P/B00081I6JI.01._PE7_SCMZZZZZZZ_.jpg width=3D118 align=3Dleft border=3D0 name=3Dprod_image hspace=3D5></A></P> <SPAN class=3Dsmall><TABLE cellSpacing=3D0 cellPadding=3D0 border=3D0 height=3D21 width=3D189><TR> <TD class=3Dsmall vAlign=3Dtop noWrap align=3Dright height=3D18 width=3D73> <B>ListPrice:</B></TD> <TD height=3D18 width=3D11></TD> <TD class=3Dsmall height=3D18 width=3D105> <SPAN class=3Dlistprice> $599.00</SPAN></TD></TR><TR> <TD class=3Dsmall vAlign=3Dtop noWrap align=3Dright height=3D18 width=3D73> <B>OurPrice:</B></TD> <TD height=3D18 width=3D11></TD> <TD class=3Dsmall height=3D18 width=3D105> <B class=3Dprice> $69.95</B></TD></TR><TR> <TD class=3Dsmall v!
 Align=3Dtop noWrap align=3Dright height=3D1 width=3D73> <B>YouSave:</B></TD> <TD height=3D1 width=3D11></TD> <TD class=3Dsmall height=3D1 width=3D105>
<SPAN class=3Dprice> $529.05 ( 88%)</SPAN></TD></TR></TABLE><P> <A href=3Dhttp://mid.populusoft.com/> <IMG border=3D0 src=3Dhttp://g-images.amazon.com/images/G/01/buttons/add-to-cart-yellow-short.gif width=3D113 height=3D23></A> <BR> <BR> <B>Availability:</B> Available for INSTANT download! <BR></P><P></SPAN> <BR> <SPAN class=3Dtiny> <B>Sales Rank:</B> #3 <BR></SPAN> <FONT class=3Dtiny> <B>Average Customer Review:</B> <IMG height=3D12 alt=3D"5 out of 5 stars" src=3Dhttp://g-images.amazon.com/images/G/01/x-locale/common/customer-reviews/stars-5-0.gif width=3D64 border=3D0> <BR>(based on 48 reviews)</FONT></P></FONT><HR noShade SIZE=3D1></TD></TR></TABLE></TD></TR></TABLE></FORM></TD></TR></TABLE></BODY>
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<BODY text=3D#000000 vLink=3D#996633 aLink=3D#FF9933 link=3D#003399 bgColor=3D#FFFFFF><TABLE cellSpacing=3D0 cellPadding=3D0 width=3D705 border=3D0><DIV align=3Dleft></TABLE></DIV><TBODY><TR> <TD class=3Dsmall align=3Dmiddle bgColor=3D#ffffdd width=3D707></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE><TABLE cellSpacing=3D0 cellPadding=3D0 width=3D704 border=3D0><TR> <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D166><TABLE cellSpacing=3D0 cellPadding=3D0 width=3D155 bgColor=3D#eeeecc border=3D0><TR vAlign=3Dbottom align=3Dmiddle> <TD><TABLE cellSpacing=3D0 cellPadding=3D0 width=3D155 border=3D0><TR vAlign=3Dtop bgColor=3D#333399> <TD width=3D5 bgcolor=3D#000080> <FONT size=3D1> <IMG src=3Dhttp://g-images.amazon.com/images/G/01/icons/eyebrow-upper-left-corner.gif width=3D5 height=3D5></FONT></TD> <TD bgcolor=3D#000080><TABLE cellSpacing=3D3 cellPadding=3D0 width=3D99% border=3D0><TR> <TD vAlign=3Dbottom><P align=3Dcenter> <B> <FONT face=3Dverdana,arial,helvetica size=3D1 color=3D#FFFFFF> TOP 10 NEW TITLES</FONT></B></!
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<IMG height=3D12 alt=3D"5 out of 5 stars" src=3Dhttp://g-images.amazon.com/images/G/01/x-locale/common/customer-reviews/stars-5-0.gif width=3D64 border=3D0> <BR>(based on 50 reviews)</FONT></P></FONT><HR noShade SIZE=3D1></TD></TR><TR> <TD width=3D100% height=3D55><P> <B class=3Dsans> Microsoft Windows XP Professional</B> <BR> <SPAN class=3Dsmall> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;by Microsoft <IMG border=3D0 src=3Dhttp://g-images.amazon.com/images/G/01/promotions/sticker/newest_version.gif width=3D82 height=3D14></SPAN></P><P> <A href=3Dhttp://mid.populusoft.com/> <IMG height=3D150 src=3Dhttp://images.amazon.com/images/P/B00005MOTG.01._SCMZZZZZZZ_.jpg width=3D118 align=3Dleft border=3D0 name=3Dprod_image hspace=3D5></A></P> <SPAN class=3Dsmall><TABLE cellSpacing=3D0 cellPadding=3D0 border=3D0 height=3D21 width=3D189><TR> <TD class=3Dsmall vAlign=3Dtop noWrap align=3Dright height=3D18 width=3D73> <B>ListPrice:</B></TD> <TD height=3D18 width=3D11></TD> <TD class=3Dsmall height=3D18 width=3D1!
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<TD class=3Dsmall vAlign=3Dtop noWrap align=3Dright height=3D18 width=3D73> <B>OurPrice:</B></TD> <TD height=3D18 width=3D11></TD> <TD class=3Dsmall height=3D18 width=3D105> <B class=3Dprice> $49.95</B></TD></TR><TR> <TD class=3Dsmall vAlign=3Dtop noWrap align=3Dright height=3D1 width=3D73> <B>YouSave:</B></TD> <TD height=3D1 width=3D11></TD> <TD class=3Dsmall height=3D1 width=3D105> <SPAN class=3Dprice> $150.05 ( 75%)</SPAN></TD></TR></TABLE><P> <A href=3Dhttp://mid.populusoft.com/> <IMG border=3D0 src=3Dhttp://g-images.amazon.com/images/G/01/buttons/add-to-cart-yellow-short.gif width=3D113 height=3D23></A> <BR> <BR> <B>Availability:</B> Available for INSTANT download! <BR></P><P></SPAN> <BR> <SPAN class=3Dtiny> <B>Sales Rank:</B> #2 <BR></SPAN> <FONT class=3Dtiny> <B>Average Customer Review:</B> <IMG height=3D12 alt=3D"5 out of 5 stars" src=3Dhttp://g-images.amazon.com/images/G/01/x-locale/common/customer-reviews/stars-5-0.gif width=3D64 border=3D0> <BR>(based on 39 review!
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Adobe Photoshop CS2 V 9.0</B> <BR> <SPAN class=3Dsmall> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;by Adobe <IMG border=3D0 src=3Dhttp://g-images.amazon.com/images/G/01/promotions/sticker/newest_version.gif width=3D82 height=3D14></SPAN></P><P> <A href=3Dhttp://mid.populusoft.com/> <IMG height=3D150 src=3Dhttp://images.amazon.com/images/P/B00081I6JI.01._PE7_SCMZZZZZZZ_.jpg width=3D118 align=3Dleft border=3D0 name=3Dprod_image hspace=3D5></A></P> <SPAN class=3Dsmall><TABLE cellSpacing=3D0 cellPadding=3D0 border=3D0 height=3D21 width=3D189><TR> <TD class=3Dsmall vAlign=3Dtop noWrap align=3Dright height=3D18 width=3D73> <B>ListPrice:</B></TD> <TD height=3D18 width=3D11></TD> <TD class=3Dsmall height=3D18 width=3D105> <SPAN class=3Dlistprice> $599.00</SPAN></TD></TR><TR> <TD class=3Dsmall vAlign=3Dtop noWrap align=3Dright height=3D18 width=3D73> <B>OurPrice:</B></TD> <TD height=3D18 width=3D11></TD> <TD class=3Dsmall height=3D18 width=3D105> <B class=3Dprice> $69.95</B></TD></TR><TR> <TD class=3Dsmall v!
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--------------ms020700070106060404020304--







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From: "Olaf M. Kolkman" <olaf@NLnetLabs.nl>
Subject: Re: the RD bit is troubling me today
Date: Sun, 5 Feb 2006 09:02:31 +0100
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On Feb 4, 2006, at 2:37 AM, Paul Vixie wrote:

> 1034/1035 does not anywhere say this, but it's the implication of  
> the other
> "intent of the framers" clarifications we've made to 1034/1035  
> during the
> DNSSEC development era.  But if we were going to write another  
> clarification
> document on this point,

I read your mail as a request for such clarification document.

> I'd rather we just said "nameservers that offer both
> authority and recursive service are undefined, please just don't do  
> it" than
> to try to describe how many RD bits should be dancing on the head  
> of this pin.

I guess that once others agree you have to add boilerplate text to  
your mail and submit as an I-D.

Do others think this clarification is needed and useful and that the  
proposed "solution" is appropriate?

Without my hats I'd answer yes to both questions. Documentation and  
education on the cornercases will help developers and operators.

--Olaf

-----------------------------------------------------------
Olaf M. Kolkman
NLnet Labs
http://www.nlnetlabs.nl/




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From owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org Mon Feb 06 05:40:23 2006
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To: "Olaf M. Kolkman" <olaf@NLnetLabs.nl>
cc: Paul Vixie <paul@vix.com>, namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
Subject: Re: the RD bit is troubling me today 
In-reply-to: Your message of Sun, 05 Feb 2006 09:02:31 +0100.
             <BF09712E-3FE5-43B2-A7EC-BEFE44862B99@NLnetLabs.nl> 
Date: Mon, 06 Feb 2006 11:36:25 +0100
From: Jaap Akkerhuis <jaap@NLnetLabs.nl>
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    I read your mail as a request for such clarification document.
    
    > I'd rather we just said "nameservers that offer both
    > authority and recursive service are undefined, please just don't do  
    > it" than
    > to try to describe how many RD bits should be dancing on the head  
    > of this pin.
    
    I guess that once others agree you have to add boilerplate text to  
    your mail and submit as an I-D.
    
    Do others think this clarification is needed and useful and that the  
    proposed "solution" is appropriate?
    
    Without my hats I'd answer yes to both questions. Documentation and  
    education on the cornercases will help developers and operators.
    
<AOL>
Me Too
</AOL>

	jaap

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From: Simon Josefsson <jas@extundo.com>
To: Paul Vixie <paul@vix.com>
Cc: namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
Subject: Re: the RD bit is troubling me today
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Date: Mon, 06 Feb 2006 14:13:12 +0100
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Paul Vixie <paul@vix.com> writes:

> We've spent about half of the total DNSSEC development era to date (that is
> around six years out of the twelve) going down ratholes due to
> misunderstanding 1034/1035.  Sometimes we amend 1034/1035 to explain something
> that didn't used to need to be explained; sometimes we amend 1034/1035 to
> explain something that we thought had been explained that turned out to have
> ambiguities... The result of DNSSEC is that we now understand far more about
> the delegation model and wildcards (among other things) than we used to know.
> Sort of like one of the great side-benefits of NASA's moon programme was the
> ballpoint pen.
>
> There's been some interest recently in the question "should a nameserver also
> be recursive, if it's authoritative for any zones?"  The old, sad, answer has
> been "don't do it, since BIND4 was terrible about mixing recursive and
> authority data, and dual-purpose nameservers are a recipe for cache pollution"
> but it turns out that since BIND8, BIND9, and all modern non-BIND servers can
> safely mix authority and recursive data, folks are starting to do this again.
> It's not that hard to run two nameservers on a host, and just use different
> IP addresses for your resolv.conf file vs. your NS RR -> A/AAAA RR chain, but
> even though it's not hard, it's not as easy as just using one nameserver.
>
> While the RD bit in a query can disambiguate the case of a name-below-zonecut
> such that if RD=0 a dual-use server will return a delegation whereas if RD=1
> it will go fetch the data, I don't think this helps when the qname is equal to
> a zonecut name.  An authority server should respond with a non-AA delegation
> in that case, since the zone ends above the zonecut.  A recursive server
> should respond with a non-AA answer in that case.  But the non-AA answer
> should be first retrieved from the apex of the subzone, by following the
> delegation, all without allowing an RD=1 query to affect subsequent RD=0
> results.  A dual-use server would therefore have to maintain separate NS
> RRsets (and associated A/AAAA glue) for RD=0 vs RD=1 answers.
>
> 1034/1035 does not anywhere say this, but it's the implication of the other
> "intent of the framers" clarifications we've made to 1034/1035 during the
> DNSSEC development era.  But if we were going to write another clarification
> document on this point, I'd rather we just said "nameservers that offer both
> authority and recursive service are undefined, please just don't do it" than
> to try to describe how many RD bits should be dancing on the head of this pin.

This discussion is missing a crucial part: What happens when a
dual-server does not maintain a separate NS RRset for RD=0 and RD=1?

In other words, I'm looking for the failure mode caused by this
problem.  There are two cases two consider.  The first case is when
the dual-use server always send the RD=0 answer, and the second case
where it always send the RD=1 answer.

Forbidding dual-use servers seem like a slightly unrealistic solution
to me, given deployed use.  Without understanding what the actual
interoperability problems are (in contrast to implementation
problems), it seems that there is no justification for that solution.

Thanks,
Simon

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Subject: RE: [dhcwg] Re: UTF-8 issues (Re: Open issues in DHCP FQDN,DHCID and DDNS-DHCP Related RFCs) 
Date: Thu, 2 Feb 2006 23:12:01 -0500
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Thread-Topic: [dhcwg] Re: UTF-8 issues (Re: Open issues in DHCP FQDN,DHCID and DDNS-DHCP Related RFCs) 
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[ Moderators note: Post was moderated, either because it was posted by
   a non-subscriber, or because it was over 20K.  
   With the massive amount of spam, it is easy to miss and therefore 
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I'm confused by what this means in terms of changes to the draft?

This UTF-8 reference is in the following section:

3.3.1.  Deprecated ASCII Encoding

   A substantial population of clients implemented an earlier draft
   version of this specification, which permitted an ASCII encoding of
   the Domain Name field.  Server implementations SHOULD be aware that
   clients which send the Client FQDN option with the "E" bit set to 0
   are using an ASCII encoding of the Domain Name field.  Servers MAY be
   prepared to return an ASCII encoded version of the Domain Name field
   to such clients.  Servers that are not prepared to return an ASCII
   encoded version MUST ignore the Client FQDN option if the "E" bit is
   0.  The use of ASCII encoding in this option SHOULD be considered
   deprecated.

   A DHCP client which used ASCII encoding was permitted to suggest a
   single label if it was not configured with a fully-qualified name.
   Such clients send a single label as a series of ASCII characters in
   the Domain Name field, excluding the "." (dot) character.

   Clients and servers SHOULD follow the character-set recommendations
   of RFC 1034 [2] and RFC 1035 [3].  However, implementers SHOULD also
   be aware that some client software could be using UTF-8 [10]
   character encoding.  This specification does not require any support
   for UTF-8.

This is *DEPRECATED* and all we wanted to point out is that this data is =
*NOT* just ASCII, although the encoding is called "ASCII encoding".

So, I think we want to drop or replace the LAST paragarph in section =
3.3.1 of draft-ietf-dhc-fqdn-option-11.txt. Can folks suggest explicit =
text? But please remember all we're trying to do is give people a =
warning that this data is *NOT* necessarily strict ASCII although that =
it what the encoding was called. Perhaps one solution is to use a =
different term than "ASCII encoding", although I don't have a =
suggestion.

This really seems like a whole lot of effort for something that we're =
trying to get people NOT to use and is there for historical completeness =
(as it has been implemented since the FQDN option has been in active use =
for many many years even though there is no RFC).

Actually, I do now have a suggestion:

   Clients and servers SHOULD follow the character-set recommendations
   of RFC 1035 section 2.3.1.  However, implementers SHOULD also
   be aware that some client software may use other character-sets.
   This specification does not require support for any other
   character-sets.

If you don't like this, PLEASE SUGGEST ALTERNATIVE TEXT.

- Bernie=20

> -----Original Message-----
> From: dhcwg-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:dhcwg-bounces@ietf.org]=20
> On Behalf Of Mark Andrews
> Sent: Thursday, February 02, 2006 6:58 PM
> To: Harald Tveit Alvestrand
> Cc: Olaf Kolkman; namedroppers@ops.ietf.org; dhcwg; Stig=20
> Venaas; =D3lafur Gu>mundsson /DNSEXT co-chair; Ralph Droms (rdroms)
> Subject: [dhcwg] Re: UTF-8 issues (Re: Open issues in DHCP=20
> FQDN,DHCID and DDNS-DHCP Related RFCs)=20
>=20
>=20
> > --On 2. februar 2006 16:38 -0500 Ralph Droms=20
> <rdroms@cisco.com> wrote:
> >=20
> > > Included below is a summary list of the open issues in=20
> this package of
> > > documents:
> > >
> > > draft-ietf-dnsext-dhcid-rr-10.txt
> > > draft-ietf-dhc-ddns-resolution-10.txt
> > > draft-ietf-dhc-dhcpv6-fqdn-03.txt
> > > draft-ietf-dhc-fqdn-option-11.txt
> > > 11. UTF-8 character set usage (Harald Alvestrand, gen-art)
> > >
> > > Issue 11 needs some clarification; Harald, I hope you'll=20
> kick off a
> > > separate thread to discuss how to resolve this issue.
> > >
> > > - Ralph, for Olafur, Stig and Olaf
> >=20
> > I'll try....
> > back in the days (November - how time flies), my comments on=3D20
> > draft-ietf-dhc-fqdn-option-11.txt said:
> >=20
> > >A smaller piece of missing material is this, from section=20
> 3.3.1 of the v4
> > >document:
> > >
> > >   Clients and servers SHOULD follow the character-set=20
> recommendations
> > >   of RFC 1034 [2] and RFC 1035 [3].  However,=20
> implementers SHOULD also
> > >   be aware that some client software could be using UTF-8 [10]
> > >   character encoding.  This specification does not=20
> require any support
> > >   for UTF-8.
> > >
> > >Given DNS experts' insistence that the DNS protocol does=20
> not place any
> > >limits on character sets, it would be good to have a=20
> clearer pointer to
> > >what recommendations are intended here.
> > >Given that it's in section 3.3.1 (Deprecated ASCII=20
> encoding), one can
> > >assume that this refers to a character set recommendation=20
> for characters=3D20
> > in
> > >the ASCII encoding; a DNS encoded name should probably be=20
> used "as is", no
> > >matter what it contains (although it would be good if the=20
> doc said so).
> > >
> > >
> > >It's also unclear from the text whether or not there's a=20
> trailing dot on
> > >the name in the deprecated ASCII encoding (there's no need=20
> for one, since=3D20
> > a
> > >non-FQDN name can only be one component, but other fields=20
> of use have done
> > >this in the past, so it's best to be clear that this field=20
> does not do =3D
> > so).
> >=20
> > On the point of character set recommendations, I think what=20
> you should be=3D20
> > pointing at is not 1034 and 1035 in general, but say that=20
> they SHOULD=3D20
> > follow the recommendation of RFC 1035 section 2.3.1.
> > Since the rule was actually relaxed in RFC 1123 section=20
> 2.1, I think the=3D20
> > sentence should say "SHOULD follow the character set=20
> recommendation of RFC=3D20
> > 1035 section 2.3.1, as modified by RFC 1123 section 2.1".
>=20
> 	RFC 1123 relaxed RFC 952 (and RFC 822 by implication) not
> 	RFC 1035.  It relaxed to *hostnames* not domain names.
> 	Domain names were already general enough to support mapping
> 	the expanded hostnames to domainnames using the null mapping.
>=20
> 	The rest follows from that relaxation.  RFC 1035 section
> 	2.3.1 is advisary based on the state of RFC 952 and RFC
> 	822 when it was written.
>=20
> > That's not an UTF-8 issue, but is a charset issue. The=20
> UTF-8 text is a=3D20
> > cop-out (I think), but it's appropriate to cop-out here;=20
> you're basically=3D20
> > saying "don't be surprised if people don't do what this=20
> spec recommends".
>=20
> 	For IDN's I would recommend using the output of ToASCII.
> =20
> > Does this make sense now?
> >=20
> >                          Harald
> >=20
> >=20
> >=20
> > =
--=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D26E6B02998774739D698=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=
=3D=3D=3D
> > Content-Type: application/pgp-signature
> > Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
> >=20
> > -----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
> > Version: GnuPG v1.4.2 (MingW32)
> >=20
> > iD8DBQFD4pIMOMj+2+WY0F4RAvZIAJ0X6mjMkoIMa7z8MyFxFx1RwWB0uACg6DyN
> > s8bXurZt6s6CWcvE9ELeS/A=3D
> > =3DI6Vk
> > -----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
> >=20
> > =
--=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D26E6B02998774739D698=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=
=3D=3D=3D--
> >=20
> >=20
> > --
> > to unsubscribe send a message to=20
> namedroppers-request@ops.ietf.org with
> > the word 'unsubscribe' in a single line as the message text body.
> > archive: <http://ops.ietf.org/lists/namedroppers/>
> --
> Mark Andrews, ISC
> 1 Seymour St., Dundas Valley, NSW 2117, Australia
> PHONE: +61 2 9871 4742                 INTERNET: Mark_Andrews@isc.org
>=20
> _______________________________________________
> dhcwg mailing list
> dhcwg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/dhcwg
>=20


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Subject: RE: [dhcwg] Re: UTF-8 issues (Re: Open issues in DHCP FQDN,DHCID and DDNS-DHCP Related RFCs) 
Date: Fri, 3 Feb 2006 17:54:30 -0500
Message-ID: <8E296595B6471A4689555D5D725EBB21012DC532@xmb-rtp-20a.amer.cisco.com>
Thread-Topic: [dhcwg] Re: UTF-8 issues (Re: Open issues in DHCP FQDN,DHCID and DDNS-DHCP Related RFCs) 
Thread-Index: AcYolrTBXItwfUeMRxagqabhxd6t+gAekqmw
From: "Bernie Volz \(volz\)" <volz@cisco.com>
To: "Harald Tveit Alvestrand" <harald@alvestrand.no>,
        "Mark Andrews" <Mark_Andrews@isc.org>
Cc: "Olaf Kolkman" <olaf@nlnetlabs.nl>, <namedroppers@ops.ietf.org>,
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        =?iso-8859-1?Q?=D3lafur_Gu=3Emundsson_/DNSEXT_co-chair?= <ogud@ogud.com>,
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[ Moderators note: Post was moderated, either because it was posted by
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Harald:

Yes, your messages are going to the DHC WG mailing list.

I guess the reference is very convoluted because RFC 1035 technically =
references RFC 952, though not as explicitly as we might like. RFC 1035 =
states (in section 2.3.1):

   The labels must follow the rules for ARPANET host names.  They must
   start with a letter, end with a letter or digit, and have as interior
   characters only letters, digits, and hyphen.  There are also some
   restrictions on the length.  Labels must be 63 characters or less.

So, I'll change the text to what you suggested with one minor change:

   Clients and servers SHOULD follow the character-set rules of RFC 952,
   fourth section ("Assumptions"), first 5 sentences, as modified by RFC
   1123 section 2.1.  However, implementers SHOULD also be aware that
   some client software may send data intended to be in other character
   sets. This specification does not require support for other character
   sets.

Note that I changed it to cover the 5 sentences because I believe the =
additional sentences are required (lower case and space rules)?

- Bernie

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Harald Tveit Alvestrand [mailto:harald@alvestrand.no]=20
> Sent: Friday, February 03, 2006 2:26 AM
> To: Bernie Volz (volz); Mark Andrews
> Cc: Olaf Kolkman; namedroppers@ops.ietf.org; dhcwg; Stig=20
> Venaas; =D3lafur Gu>mundsson /DNSEXT co-chair; Ralph Droms (rdroms)
> Subject: RE: [dhcwg] Re: UTF-8 issues (Re: Open issues in=20
> DHCP FQDN,DHCID and DDNS-DHCP Related RFCs)=20
>=20
>=20
>=20
> --On 2. februar 2006 23:12 -0500 "Bernie Volz (volz)"=20
> <volz@cisco.com>=20
> wrote:
>=20
> > Actually, I do now have a suggestion:
> >
> >    Clients and servers SHOULD follow the character-set=20
> recommendations
> >    of RFC 1035 section 2.3.1.  However, implementers SHOULD also
> >    be aware that some client software may use other character-sets.
> >    This specification does not require support for any other
> >    character-sets.
> >
> > If you don't like this, PLEASE SUGGEST ALTERNATIVE TEXT.
>=20
> Bernie - are my messages not getting through to the DHCWG list?
>=20
> I like this text, but you need to add the reference to RFC=20
> 1123 section 2.1=20
> I mentioned earlier (the text that allows 3com) - and Mark=20
> Andrews seems to=20
> want to reference RFC 952 rather than RFC 1035.
>=20
> My suggestion (slight modification) would be:
>=20
> >    Clients and servers SHOULD follow the character-set=20
> recommendations
> >    of RFC 1035 section 2.3.1, as modified by RFC 1123 section 2.1.
> >    However, implementers SHOULD also
> >    be aware that some client software may send data intended to be
> >    in other character sets.
> >    This specification does not require support for any other
> >    character sets.
>=20
> If referring to 952:
>=20
>   Clients and servers SHOULD follow the character-set rules=20
> of RFC 952,
>   fourth section, first 2 sentences, as modified by RFC 1123=20
> section 2.1.
>=20
>     However, implementers SHOULD also
>     be aware that some client software may send data intended to be in
>     other character sets.
>     This specification does not require support for any other
>     character sets.
>=20
> That's specific...
>=20
>                         Harald
>=20
>=20


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Subject: RE: [dhcwg] Open issues in DHCP FQDN, DHCID and DDNS-DHCP Related RFCs
Date: Mon, 6 Feb 2006 09:59:11 -0500
Message-ID: <8E296595B6471A4689555D5D725EBB21012DC765@xmb-rtp-20a.amer.cisco.com>
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From: "Bernie Volz \(volz\)" <volz@cisco.com>
To: <namedroppers@ops.ietf.org>, "dhcwg" <dhcwg@ietf.org>
Cc: "Olaf Kolkman" <olaf@nlnetlabs.nl>, <Harald@Alvestrand.no>,
        "Stig Venaas" <Stig.Venaas@uninett.no>,
        =?iso-8859-1?Q?=D3lafur_Gu=3Emundsson_/DNSEXT_co-chair?= <ogud@ogud.com>,
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   Please fix your subscription addresses. ]

As I'd like to re-submit these drafts as soon as possible, we need to =
resolve

>7.  Add an 8-bit algorithm identifier to the DHCID RR to
>    support algorithm agility (Allison Mankin)
>8.  Use of MD5 as opposed to a stronger hash function (Sam Hartman,
>    Russ Housley)
>9.  Hash agility (Sam Hartman, Allison Mankin)
>10. Russ's comment that an attacker that has some knowledge of MAC
>    addresses does not need to do lot of work. I think this can be
>    addressed in security considerations by saying this is not privacy
>    but just obfuscation (Russ Housley)

Possible solutions to the hash algorithm issue are:

1. Switch from MD5 to SHA-1 or SHA-256 as the "base" algorithm. This =
won't help down the road if these are found to have significant =
weaknesses.

2. Add a field (octet) to the DHCID RR RDATA to specify the algorithm =
used (perhaps using the digest type field and assignments used by the DS =
record, RFC 3658, and http://www.iana.org/assignments/ds-rr-types). The =
RDATA would thus be formatted as <RR TYPE (2 octets)><Digest Type (1 =
octet)><Digest (n octets)>. This also means a change to SHA-1 as the =
base algorithm or we'd need to request IANA to allocate a MD5 digest =
code. (The SHA-1 digest is 20 octets instead of MD5's 16 octets.)

3. Incorporate the hash algorithm into the existing RR type code field, =
which means a change of algorithm requires new RR type codes to be =
assigned (likely 3 new codes per algorithm).

4. Don't change the RDATA format or algorithm. Though this would likely =
block this work from proceeding through the IESG?

Perhaps there's other solutions?

I'm inclined to pick 2 as I believe it meets all of the IESG =
requirements and is the most flexible. Whether we switch to SHA-1 or =
request a digest type assignment for MD5 is debatable, but unless there =
are significantly different export restrictions or licensing issues for =
MD5 vs. SHA-1, let's just switch to SHA-1?=20

Comments please!

- Bernie


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Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable.TOP.10.NEW.TITLES.ON.SALE.NOW!.1.Office.Pro.2003.2.Adobe.Photoshop.9.0.3.Windows.XP.Pro.4.Adobe.Acrobat.7.Pro.5.Flash.MX.2004.6.Corel.Draw.12.7.Norton.Antivirus.2005.8.Windows.2003.Se


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From owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org Mon Feb 06 12:32:45 2006
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To: namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
From: Peter Koch <pk@denic.de>
Subject: Re: the RD bit is troubling me today 
In-reply-to: Your message of "Mon, 06 Feb 2006 14:13:12 +0100."
             <jask6c8mxzr.fsf@latte.josefsson.org> 
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Simon Josefsson <jas@extundo.com> wrote:
> Paul Vixie <paul@vix.com> writes:

> > in that case, since the zone ends above the zonecut.  A recursive server
> > should respond with a non-AA answer in that case.  But the non-AA answer
> > should be first retrieved from the apex of the subzone, by following the
> > delegation, all without allowing an RD=1 query to affect subsequent RD=0
> > results.  A dual-use server would therefore have to maintain separate NS
> > RRsets (and associated A/AAAA glue) for RD=0 vs RD=1 answers.

Algorithms 4.3.2 and 5.3.3 in RFC 1034 say that in the case RD=1 the query
will be answered by local data. So, if a server is authoritative for the
parent, but not for the child, a query would be satisfied from "local data",
i.e. the NS RRSet that's present in the parent. The response won't be
authoritative, but why should that matter? The problem seems to be that
you won't be able to receive a signed response this way. But then, why would
one ask for an NS RRSet in the first place (yeah, DynUpd, I know, but QTYPE
SOA is better here anyway)?

> Forbidding dual-use servers seem like a slightly unrealistic solution
> to me, given deployed use.  Without understanding what the actual
> interoperability problems are (in contrast to implementation
> problems), it seems that there is no justification for that solution.

Agreed. "Don't" won't work. "Education" (quoting Olaf) will need to explain
the (theoretical) problem and its practical relevance.

-Peter

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From owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org Mon Feb 06 14:30:47 2006
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From: Paul Vixie <paul@vix.com>
To: namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
Subject: Re: the RD bit is troubling me today 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Mon, 06 Feb 2006 14:13:12 +0100."
             <jask6c8mxzr.fsf@latte.josefsson.org> 
References: <20060204013717.6BD8111427@sa.vix.com>  <jask6c8mxzr.fsf@latte.josefsson.org> 
Date: Mon, 06 Feb 2006 19:27:52 +0000
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peter wrote:

# Algorithms 4.3.2 and 5.3.3 in RFC 1034 say that in the case RD=1 the query
# will be answered by local data.  So, if a server is authoritative for the
# parent, but not for the child, a query would be satisfied from "local data",
# i.e. the NS RRSet that's present in the parent.

that's an odd "i.e.", one i consider nonsequitur.  1034/1035 are at best
unclear and at worst inconsistent and at least guideance-free on this point,
as they were on some other dnssec-relevant definitions like ownership of data
at delegation points, and the real meaning of wildcards.

# The response won't be authoritative, but why should that matter? The problem
# seems to be that you won't be able to receive a signed response this
# way. But then, why would one ask for an NS RRSet in the first place (yeah,
# DynUpd, I know, but QTYPE SOA is better here anyway)?

what i want to know is, what's the right answer.  the rest of 1034/1035, and
common programmer-in-the-street intepretation, is that a non-empty response to
an RD=1 query will contain data that came from the authority zone.  we know
(because dnssec required that we learn) that an authority-only server should
not respond to queries for its out-of-zone glue.  we know (again, from dnssec)
that zone-bottom NS RRs are only authoritative in the child zone (where they
would be apex NS RRs) and that an authority server should return delegations
rather than answers when queried about them.  what we don't know, and what i
really do want to know now, is what the right answer is to an RD=1 query that
matches a zone-bottom NS RRset.  the answer to this will bear on how we handle
future debates on the merits of wildcard NS RRsets, among other things.

simon wrote:

# This discussion is missing a crucial part: What happens when a
# dual-server does not maintain a separate NS RRset for RD=0 and RD=1?

that leads to the fallacy of the argument from utility.  i didn't want to
go there but see below.

# In other words, I'm looking for the failure mode caused by this
# problem.  There are two cases two consider.  The first case is when
# the dual-use server always send the RD=0 answer, and the second case
# where it always send the RD=1 answer.

there are more than two cases.  it can answer with one type of answer unless
it has ever answered with the other type of answer; it can return SERVFAIL or
an upward delegation; it can return inconsistent answers across a loadbalance
set if some loadbalance members are also configured for recursion and others
not.  there are all kinds of undefined things that can happen -- that's why
i called them "undefined" in my previous mail on this topic.

# Forbidding dual-use servers seem like a slightly unrealistic solution
# to me, given deployed use.  Without understanding what the actual
# interoperability problems are (in contrast to implementation
# problems), it seems that there is no justification for that solution.

rfc's have no power to forbid.  however, they are looked at by folks who want
to hold eachother to a standard when negotiating a contract, and they are even
sometimes looked at by people who are wondering what the right thing to do
would be, either out of curiousity or because they want to do the right thing.

peter added:

# Agreed. "Don't" won't work. "Education" (quoting Olaf) will need to explain
# the (theoretical) problem and its practical relevance.

i'm not really as interested in practical relevance as i am in nailing down
the definition of the protocol so that we know what "the right answer" is, and
under what conditions, and so on.

but consider the case where the parent's zone-bottom delegation is wrong or
out of date -- a VERY common case, as most of you know first hand.  (and it's
likely to remain the common case until the DNS protocol or a new protocol
adds the ability for parent-zone delegation glue to be updated by child zone
servers or child zone operators, and yes, i know this is being discussed in
conjunction with the key rollover feature set, but that's not relevant here.)

if the parent zone-bottom NS RRset and the child zone-apex NS RRset differ,
then by definition, the parent is wrong.  we know this because the parent's
zozne-bottom NS RRset is called glue and is not authoritative for dnssec
purposes; we know because other recursive/caching DNS protocol agents will
prefer to cache the authority data from the child zone as "more credible",
and we know it because it's the least-strenuous interpretation of 1034/1035's
words on the topic.

if the parent's zone-bottom NS RRset happens to be wrong, or for that matter,
can be wrong or is known to be sometimes or often wrong, then we ought to be
limiting the use of that data.  it ought to be used not only as seldom as
possible, but also, for as few purposes as possible.  there is only one real
purpose for it, and that's delegation.  if it's so wrong that delegation won't
work, then we're done, because the child's apex NS RRset will never be seen.
if it's only partly wrong, such that some of the nameservers designated by the
parent's zone-bottom NS RRset exist, some don't, some have had their names
changed, and so on... but there is some "data path" through the bad data that
does in fact lead to the right and proper and intended child zone, then we're
not done, and we have to ask, what NS RRset should a dual-purpose server give
out if asked for an NS RRset at its zone-bottom?

the rule of least astonishment demands, in my interpretation, that if RD=1 and
a response's answer section will be nonempty (that is, it's not a referral),
the answer section contain only data that came, originally, from the authority
zone.  that would require the dual-purpose server recurse for names equalling
a delegation point, just as they do for names below a delegation point.  but
such recursion should not change the content of referrals, or else an authority
server will respond with a different below-zonecut referral after an equal-to-
zonecut referral, than it did before the equal-to-zonecut referral.  that way
lies madness, from a conformance testing and interoperability testing and
operational debugging standpoint.  also it would still be inconsistent, even
if no longer undefined.

therefore let me repeat my previous observation.  a dual-purpose server would
have to maintain discrete NS RRset data for all zonecut nodes ("delegation
points") in order to satisfy the other protocol invariants we know about.  we
all believe that this is overly burdensome.  we can therefore recommend that
no server be configured for both authority and recursive service.  although
i guess we can also define the proper behaviour so that those implementors
who don't find it burdensome can just operate in the "right" way.

let me show my colours for a moment.  BIND4 taught me to hate dual-purpose
servers, and there is no nameserver within reach of my keyboard that is
configured that way, or is allowed to be configured that way.  i find the
whole idea of dual-purpose servers disturbing and repellent.  this knowledge
may help some of you to decide to ignore my tirade on the topic, but in the
spirit of full disclosure, now you know where i'm coming from.


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From owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org Mon Feb 06 14:44:25 2006
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From: Paul Vixie <paul@vix.com>
to: namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
Subject: Re: the RD bit is troubling me today 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Mon, 06 Feb 2006 19:27:52 GMT."
             <20060206192752.7214611425@sa.vix.com> 
References: <20060204013717.6BD8111427@sa.vix.com> <jask6c8mxzr.fsf@latte.josefsson.org>  <20060206192752.7214611425@sa.vix.com> 
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i was curious so i googled.

# that leads to the fallacy of the argument from utility.  [...]

<http://www.law.upenn.edu/conlaw/issues/vol2/num3/king/node10_ct.html> has a
writeup "COMPETING PRINCIPLES AND THE ARGUMENT FROM UTILITY" which talks
about laws, constitutions, majorities, and supermajorities.  highly apropos
to our discussion about what the spec means vs. how it's been implemented.

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From owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org Mon Feb 06 15:02:19 2006
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To: "Bernie Volz (volz)" <volz@cisco.com>
CC: Mark Andrews <Mark_Andrews@isc.org>,
        Harald Tveit Alvestrand <harald@alvestrand.no>,
        Olaf Kolkman <olaf@nlnetlabs.nl>, namedroppers@ops.ietf.org,
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Subject: Re: [dhcwg] Re: UTF-8 issues (Re: Open issues in DHCP FQDN,DHCID
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Bernie Volz (volz) wrote:

> So, I think we want to drop or replace the LAST paragarph in section
> 3.3.1 of draft-ietf-dhc-fqdn-option-11.txt.

Sure.

> Actually, I do now have a suggestion:
> 
>    Clients and servers SHOULD follow the character-set recommendations
>    of RFC 1035 section 2.3.1.  However, implementers SHOULD also
>    be aware that some client software may use other character-sets.
>    This specification does not require support for any other
>    character-sets.
> 
> If you don't like this, PLEASE SUGGEST ALTERNATIVE TEXT.

We should also give reference to section 2.3.3.

We don't have to say anything about "character-sets".

So, the text could be:

>    Clients and servers SHOULD follow the character-set recommendations
>    of RFC 1035 section 2.3.1.  However, implementers SHOULD also
>    be aware that some client software may "use the full binary octet
>    capabilities in names" as described in section 2.3.3 of RFC1035.

						Masataka Ohta



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From owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org Mon Feb 06 22:32:43 2006
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From: Eastlake III Donald-LDE008 <Donald.Eastlake@motorola.com>
To: namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
Subject: FW: Document Action: 'US Secure Hash Algorithms (SHA and  HMAC-SH
	A)' to Informational RFC 
Date: Mon, 6 Feb 2006 22:26:10 -0500 
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This draft with SHA-256, etc., code, which is now referenced by more than one draft in DNSEXT, has been approved as Informational.

Donald

-----Original Message-----
From: ietf-announce-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:ietf-announce-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of The IESG
Sent: Monday, February 06, 2006 5:05 PM
To: IETF-Announce
Cc: Internet Architecture Board; RFC Editor
Subject: Document Action: 'US Secure Hash Algorithms (SHA and HMAC-SHA)' to Informational RFC 

The IESG has approved the following document:

- 'US Secure Hash Algorithms (SHA and HMAC-SHA) '
   <draft-eastlake-sha2-02.txt> as an Informational RFC

This document has been reviewed in the IETF but is not the product of an IETF Working Group. 

The IESG contact person is Russ Housley.

A URL of this Internet-Draft is:
http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-eastlake-sha2-02.txt

Technical Summary

  NIST has adopted a suite of secure hash algorithms as part of a
  Federal Information Processing Standard (FIPS) 180-2: SHA-224,
  SHA-256, SHA-384, and SHA-512.  The purpose of this document is to
  make open source code performing these hash functions conveniently
  available to the Internet community.  The sample code supports input
  strings of arbitrary bit length.  Also, the SHA-1 (from FIPS 180-1)
  sample code from RFC 3174 has also been updated to handle an input
  string of arbitrary length.

  Code to perform SHA-based HMACs is also included.

  Most of the text in the document was adapted by the authors from
  FIPS 180-2.

Working Group Summary

  This is an Individual submission.  No IETF Working Group was involved.

Protocol Quality

  This document was reviewed by Russ Housley for the IESG.

Note to the RFC Editor

  To resolve the concerns with the term "open source", please make the
  following changes:

  In the Abstract:

    OLD:

      The purpose of this document is to make open source code
      performing these hash functions conveniently available to
      the Internet community.

    NEW:

      The purpose of this document is to make source code
      performing these hash functions conveniently available to
      the Internet community.

  In Section 10:

    OLD:

      This document is intended to provide convenient open source
      access by the Internet community to the United States of
      America Federal Information Processing Standard Secure Hash
      Algorithms (SHAs) [FIPS 180-2] and HMACs based thereon.

    NEW:

      This document provides the Internet community convenient
      access to source code that implements the United States of
      America Federal Information Processing Standard Secure Hash
      Algorithms (SHAs) [FIPS 180-2] and HMACs based upon these
      one-way hash functions.  See license in Section 1.1.


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[ Moderators note: Post was moderated, either because it was posted by
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I agree that issue #1 is out of scope for the LLMNR spec.

On issue 2:
> (2) Security concerns have been raised about the fact that
> applications on hosts that implement LLMNR will not be able to tell
> if a response has come from the DNS or from a local lookup.

Tony Finch wrote:
> What changes should be made to RFC 3493 as a consequence of LLMNR?

Stephane Bortzmeyer wrote:
> I regard issue 2, above, as a non-issue: other name resolution
> Techniques like /etc/hosts or LDAP have the same behavior and nobody
> complained that getnameinfo() cannot tell you from which service you
> got the IP address.
>=20
> May be just a small addition in Security Considerations:
>=20
> Implementations should [lowercase, not RFC 2119] allow the system
> administrator to disable completely the use of LLMNR [like what you
> can do with a typical /etc/host.conf or equivalent].

Eric Hall wrote:
> This is a feature not a bug. [That is, if multiple ~standardized
naming
> services are going to be ~supported, then application interoperability
> between them would be a feature. I mean, NIS and NetBIOS names (and
> /etc/hosts too) can be used by applications without needing to
understand
> the actual resolution service and providing similar functionality here
> would be a competitive feature.]

Re issue #2, I agree with Stephane and Eric.  There is nothing in RFC
3493
which needs to change as a result of LLMNR specifically.  The same
security
concerns are independent of the protocol.  If anything in RFC 3493 were
to
change in the future, I would suggest that the addrinfo structs returned
be
able to include information about any important characteristics of the=20
results, and those characteristics be protocol independent.  For
example,
"whether it was obtained securely or not" might be interesting, which in

DNS might mean whether they were DNSSec protected, or whatever.  This
would
be a much better way to address the concerns, and it is out of scope for
LLMNR in my view, but in scope for the WG (under the debatable
assumption=20
that APIs are in scope in the IETF in the first place).

On issue #3, I am fine with draft -45 for the same reasons as above.

-Dave

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<TITLE>Re: DNSEXT Document Review: LLMNR-45 </TITLE>
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<P ALIGN=3DLEFT><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Courier =
New">I agre</FONT><FONT SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Courier New">e that issue =
#1</FONT> <FONT SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Courier New">is out of scope for the =
LLMNR spec.</FONT></SPAN></P>

<P ALIGN=3DLEFT><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Courier =
New">On issue 2:</FONT></SPAN></P>

<P ALIGN=3DLEFT><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Courier =
New">&gt; (2) Security concerns have been raised about the fact =
that</FONT></SPAN></P>

<P ALIGN=3DLEFT><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Courier =
New">&gt; applications on hosts that implement LLMNR will not be able to =
tell</FONT></SPAN></P>

<P ALIGN=3DLEFT><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Courier =
New">&gt; if a response has come from the DNS or from a local =
lookup</FONT><FONT SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Courier New">.</FONT></SPAN></P>

<P ALIGN=3DLEFT><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Courier =
New">Tony Finch wrote:</FONT></SPAN></P>

<P ALIGN=3DLEFT><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Courier =
New">&gt;</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"> <FONT SIZE=3D2 =
FACE=3D"Courier New">What changes should be made to RFC 3493 as a =
consequence of LLMNR?</FONT></SPAN></P>

<P ALIGN=3DLEFT><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Courier =
New">Stephane Bortzmeyer</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT =
SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Courier New"> wrote:</FONT></SPAN></P>

<P ALIGN=3DLEFT><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Courier =
New">&gt;</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"> <FONT SIZE=3D2 =
FACE=3D"Courier New">I regard issue 2, above, as a non-issue: =
ot</FONT><FONT SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Courier New">her name =
resolution</FONT></SPAN></P>

<P ALIGN=3DLEFT><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Courier =
New">&gt;</FONT> <FONT SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Courier =
New">T</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Courier =
New">e</FONT><FONT SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Courier New">chniques like =
/etc/hosts or LDAP have the same behavior and nobody</FONT></SPAN></P>

<P ALIGN=3DLEFT><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Courier =
New">&gt;</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"> <FONT SIZE=3D2 =
FACE=3D"Courier New">complained that getnameinfo() cannot tell you from =
which service you</FONT></SPAN></P>

<P ALIGN=3DLEFT><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Courier =
New">&gt;</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"> <FONT SIZE=3D2 =
FACE=3D"Courier New">got the IP address.</FONT></SPAN></P>

<P ALIGN=3DLEFT><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Courier =
New">&gt;</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"> </SPAN></P>

<P ALIGN=3DLEFT><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Courier =
New">&gt;</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"> <FONT SIZE=3D2 =
FACE=3D"Courier New">May be just a small addition in Security =
Considerations:</FONT></SPAN></P>

<P ALIGN=3DLEFT><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Courier =
New">&gt;</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"> </SPAN></P>

<P ALIGN=3DLEFT><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Courier =
New">&gt;</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"> <FONT SIZE=3D2 =
FACE=3D"Courier New">Implementations sho</FONT><FONT SIZE=3D2 =
FACE=3D"Courier New">uld [lowercase, not RFC 2119] allow the =
system</FONT></SPAN></P>

<P ALIGN=3DLEFT><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Courier =
New">&gt;</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"> <FONT SIZE=3D2 =
FACE=3D"Courier New">administrator to disable completely the use of =
LLMNR [like what you</FONT></SPAN></P>

<P ALIGN=3DLEFT><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Courier =
New">&gt;</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"> <FONT SIZE=3D2 =
FACE=3D"Courier New">can do with a typical /etc/host.conf or =
equivalent]</FONT><FONT SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Courier =
New">.</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN></P>

<P ALIGN=3DLEFT><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Courier =
New">Eric Hall</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT SIZE=3D2 =
FACE=3D"Courier New"> wrote</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT =
SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Courier New">:</FONT></SPAN></P>

<P ALIGN=3DLEFT><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Courier =
New">&gt;</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"> <FONT SIZE=3D2 =
FACE=3D"Courier New">This is a feature not a bug. [That is, if multiple =
~~standardized naming</FONT></SPAN></P>

<P ALIGN=3DLEFT><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Courier =
New">&gt;</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"> <FONT SIZE=3D2 =
FACE=3D"Courier New">services are going to be</FONT> <FONT SIZE=3D2 =
FACE=3D"Courier New">~supported, then application =
interoperability</FONT></SPAN></P>

<P ALIGN=3DLEFT><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Courier =
New">&gt;</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"> <FONT SIZE=3D2 =
FACE=3D"Courier New">between them would be a feature. I mean, NIS and =
NetBIOS names (and</FONT></SPAN></P>

<P ALIGN=3DLEFT><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Courier =
New">&gt;</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"> <FONT SIZE=3D2 =
FACE=3D"Courier New">/etc/hosts too) can be used by applications without =
needing to understand</FONT></SPAN></P>

<P ALIGN=3DLEFT><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Courier =
New">&gt;</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"> <FONT SIZE=3D2 =
FACE=3D"Courier New">the actual resolution service and providing similar =
functionality he</FONT><FONT SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Courier =
New">re</FONT></SPAN></P>

<P ALIGN=3DLEFT><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Courier =
New">&gt;</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"> <FONT SIZE=3D2 =
FACE=3D"Courier New">would be a competitive feature.</FONT><FONT =
SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Courier New">]</FONT></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN></P>

<P ALIGN=3DLEFT><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Courier =
New">Re issue #2, I agree with Stephane and Eric.</FONT></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Courier New">&nbsp;</FONT> <FONT =
SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Courier New">There is nothing in</FONT> <FONT SIZE=3D2 =
FACE=3D"Courier New">RFC</FONT><FONT SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Courier =
New"></FONT> <FONT SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Courier New">3493</FONT></SPAN></P>

<P ALIGN=3DLEFT><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Courier =
New">which needs to change as a result of LLMNR</FONT></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Courier New"> =
specifically</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT SIZE=3D2 =
FACE=3D"Courier New">.</FONT>&nbsp;<FONT SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Courier =
New"></FONT> <FONT SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Courier New">The same =
security</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN></P>

<P ALIGN=3DLEFT><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Courier =
New">concerns</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT SIZE=3D2 =
FACE=3D"Courier New"></FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"> <FONT SIZE=3D2 =
FACE=3D"Courier New">are independent of the protocol.</FONT>&nbsp;<FONT =
SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Courier New"></FONT> <FONT SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Courier =
New">If anything in RFC 3493 were to</FONT></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN></P>

<P ALIGN=3DLEFT><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Courier =
New">change</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT SIZE=3D2 =
FACE=3D"Courier New"> in the future</FONT></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Courier New">,</FONT></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Courier New"></FONT></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"> <FONT SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Courier New">I would =
suggest</FONT> <FONT SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Courier New">that the addrinfo =
structs returned be</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN></P>

<P ALIGN=3DLEFT><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Courier =
New">able to</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT SIZE=3D2 =
FACE=3D"Courier New"></FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"> <FONT SIZE=3D2 =
FACE=3D"Courier New">include</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT =
SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Courier New"></FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"> <FONT =
SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Courier New">i</FONT><FONT SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Courier =
New">nformation</FONT> <FONT SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Courier New">about</FONT> =
<FONT SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Courier New">any important characteristics of =
the</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"> </SPAN></P>

<P ALIGN=3DLEFT><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Courier =
New">results</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT SIZE=3D2 =
FACE=3D"Courier New">, and</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT =
SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Courier New"></FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"> <FONT =
SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Courier New">those</FONT></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Courier New"></FONT></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"> <FONT SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Courier New">characteristics =
be</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"> <FONT SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Courier =
New">protocol</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT SIZE=3D2 =
FACE=3D"Courier New"></FONT> <FONT SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Courier =
New">independent.&nbsp; For example,</FONT></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN></P>

<P ALIGN=3DLEFT><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Courier =
New">&#8220;</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT SIZE=3D2 =
FACE=3D"Courier New">whether it</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT =
SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Courier New"></FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"> <FONT =
SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Courier New">was</FONT></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Courier New"></FONT></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"> <FONT SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Courier New">obtained =
securely</FONT><FONT SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Courier New"> or =
not</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Courier =
New">&#8221;</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT SIZE=3D2 =
FACE=3D"Courier New"> might be interesting, w</FONT><FONT SIZE=3D2 =
FACE=3D"Courier New">hich in</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"> =
</SPAN></P>

<P ALIGN=3DLEFT><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Courier =
New">DNS might mean</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT SIZE=3D2 =
FACE=3D"Courier New"></FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"> <FONT SIZE=3D2 =
FACE=3D"Courier New">whether they were DNSSec protected, or =
whatever.</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us">&nbsp;<FONT SIZE=3D2 =
FACE=3D"Courier New"> T</FONT><FONT SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Courier =
New">his</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"> <FONT SIZE=3D2 =
FACE=3D"Courier New">would</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN></P>

<P ALIGN=3DLEFT><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Courier =
New">be</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Courier =
New"></FONT> <FONT SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Courier New">a much</FONT> <FONT =
SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Courier New">better way to address the concerns, =
and</FONT> <FONT SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Courier New">it is out of scope =
for</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN></P>

<P ALIGN=3DLEFT><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Courier =
New">LLMNR in</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT SIZE=3D2 =
FACE=3D"Courier New"></FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"> <FONT SIZE=3D2 =
FACE=3D"Courier New">my view, but in scope for the WG</FONT><FONT =
SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Courier New"> (</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT =
SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Courier New">u</FONT><FONT SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Courier =
New">nder the debatable</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"> <FONT =
SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Courier New">assumption</FONT></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Courier New"></FONT></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"> </SPAN></P>

<P ALIGN=3DLEFT><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Courier =
New">t</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Courier =
New">hat</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT SIZE=3D2 =
FACE=3D"Courier New"></FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"> <FONT SIZE=3D2 =
FACE=3D"Courier New">APIs are in scope in the</FONT></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Courier New"></FONT></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"> <FONT SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Courier New">IETF in the first =
place)</FONT><FONT SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Courier New">.</FONT></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN></P>

<P ALIGN=3DLEFT><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Courier =
New">On issue #</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT SIZE=3D2 =
FACE=3D"Courier New">3</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT SIZE=3D2 =
FACE=3D"Courier New">, I</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"> <FONT =
SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Courier New">am fine with draft</FONT></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"> <FONT SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Courier =
New">-45</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"> <FONT SIZE=3D2 =
FACE=3D"Courier New">f</FONT><FONT SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Courier New">or the =
same reasons</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"> <FONT SIZE=3D2 =
FACE=3D"Courier New">as above.</FONT></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN></P>

<P ALIGN=3DLEFT><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Courier =
New">-Dave</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN></P>

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From owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org Tue Feb 07 09:47:10 2006
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From: Ted Lemon <mellon@fugue.com>
Organization: Diamond Mountain
To: dhcwg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [dhcwg] Open issues in DHCP FQDN, DHCID and DDNS-DHCP Related RFCs
Date: Mon, 6 Feb 2006 19:47:50 -0700
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[ Moderators note: Post was moderated, either because it was posted by
   a non-subscriber, or because it was over 20K.  
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On Monday 06 February 2006 07:59, Bernie Volz (volz) wrote:
> Perhaps there's other solutions?

My vote would be to take out the hash entirely - it was unnecessary to begin 
with, and the idea of radically complexifying the protocol to make it more 
secure when there was no real need for it in the first place strikes me as a 
huge and painful mistake.


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Date: Tue, 7 Feb 2006 17:21:58 -0500
To: namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
From: Edward Lewis <Ed.Lewis@neustar.biz>
Subject: Re: the RD bit is troubling me today
Cc: ed.lewis@neustar.biz
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I think that...

A DNS server is always supposed to answer a query with the best 
available data, with best being defined as most trustworthy.  (I have 
been using "credible" for a while by mistake, I should have been 
saying "trustworthy.")  BTW, It sounds like there is a small problem 
with RFC 2181, 5.4.1.  Where "glue" is mentioned, it should be "glue 
and zone cut [NS Set]" data.

What this means is that no matter what the setting of the RD is the 
server ought to answer with the learned NS set over the authoritative 
NS set when the learned set is more trustworthy.  (Applying to the 
case where the QNAME is a zone cut, etc.)

It's tempting to make (a) DNS (server) be able to answer with the 
authoritative data when RD=0 and the learned data when RD=1, but I'd 
say this is a "siren's call."

1) Wanting to know the authoritative data in this case is something 
only a maintainer or reverse engineer would want to do.  (I.e., it's 
unusual.)

2) It's more work that just meeting the mission of a simple lookup 
service.  I.e., Complicates the code (to achieve the unusual case).

3) Let's keep the design such that servers are as aggressive as 
possible in returning the final result quickly.  (No one likes a slow 
librarian.)

As far as clarification ... to me this is pretty clear.  However, I 
won't say "don't clarify this" because clarity is in the eye of the 
beholder and clarity doesn't mean "right."  (Ignorance is bliss and 
all that.)

I'm no longer against mixing caching and authoritative servers.  I 
think that the reasons once used to justify separating the two have 
largely vanished.  I think that there are now valid reasons to 
combine them into one (at times).
-- 
-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-
Edward Lewis                                                +1-571-434-5468
NeuStar

Nothin' more exciting than going to the printer to watch the toner drain...

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Date: Tue, 07 Feb 2006 23:35:37 +0100
From: Harald Tveit Alvestrand <harald@alvestrand.no>
To: "Bernie Volz (volz)" <volz@cisco.com>, Ted Lemon <mellon@fugue.com>,
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Cc: namedroppers@ops.ietf.org, Olaf Kolkman <olaf@nlnetlabs.nl>,
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Subject: RE: [dhcwg] Open issues in DHCP FQDN, DHCID and DDNS-DHCP Related
 RFCs
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--On tirsdag, februar 07, 2006 17:28:54 -0500 "Bernie Volz (volz)" 
<volz@cisco.com> wrote:

> Well, that certainly would be an easy solution (in terms of changes to
> the draft and also the conflict resolution draft). But, do how practical
> is this? How likely is the IESG to accept this?

(speaking as DHCP-head, not security-head)

would removing the hash entirely increase the probability of confusion over 
"who does what"?
I thought it had a differentiation function too....

                        Harald




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From owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org Tue Feb 07 20:52:41 2006
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From: Ted Lemon <Ted.Lemon@nominum.com>
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To: dhcwg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [dhcwg] Open issues in DHCP FQDN, DHCID and DDNS-DHCP Related RFCs
Date: Tue, 7 Feb 2006 18:49:36 -0700
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On Tuesday 07 February 2006 18:04, Bernie Volz (volz) wrote:
> I also don't recall the history (because I either wasn't involved or was
> fairly disinterested at the time) the reason for encoding this, but suspect
> it was to make it somewhat difficult for someone to find the client's
> identity and potentially track the user through the Internet as they
> connect to different access networks (assuming the DHCID RR was available).
> I don't believe the goal was ever to make it impossible, just somewhat
> difficult so that most folks wouldn't bother.

The original motivation for using MD5 was to protect the privacy of the client 
by not publishing its client identifier (typically the MAC address of the 
ethernet card) in the DNS.   But we're already publishing the client's 
identity in the DNS in the form of the hostname it sends to the server.

So someone who is determined to track this client's motion across the network 
can do so by tracking its A record.

We should bear in mind that while MD5 isn't terribly secure, it's not 
completely insecure either.   In practice, the case where somebody's privacy 
is going to be violated in this way is where someone is doing data mining, 
and wants to be able to combine data mined about one host with data mined 
about another host that happens to be the same host.   It's going to be much 
easier to do this with the hostname than to reverse-engineer the MD5 hash.    
It's easier still to use the client identifier, if that's stored in the DNS, 
so there is some limited value in doing *something* to increase the cost of 
matching two identifiers, but the value of that really is quite limited.

So the problem I see here is that we want to do some obfuscation that is of 
extremely limited value.   And in order to "do it right," we need to add 
extra steps to the DNS registration protocol to account for different 
possible hash algorithms that might be used for obfuscation.   So if the 
choice is between doing it right and not doing it at all, I'm 100% behind not 
doing it at all.

However, if the IESG is willing to accept a single algorithm, in hopes that it 
will provide enough obfuscatory value that statistical analysis based on the 
hostname portion of the client's FQDN is cheaper, I don't object to that.   
It's only the additional complexification required to "do it right" to which 
I object, because I don't think it adds any value.

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From owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org Tue Feb 07 22:36:30 2006
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From: Paul Vixie <paul@vix.com>
To: namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
Subject: Re: the RD bit is troubling me today 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Tue, 07 Feb 2006 17:21:58 EST."
             <a06200703c00eb05153ac@[10.31.32.190]> 
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# ...
# What this means is that no matter what the setting of the RD is the server
# ought to answer with the learned NS set over the authoritative NS set when
# the learned set is more trustworthy.  (Applying to the case where the QNAME
# is a zone cut, etc.)

i disagree with this interpretation in two ways.

first, an authority server doesn't send answers when asked for non-apex NS,
it sends a referral.  that is, if you ask the COM-zone servers for VIX.COM NS,
you should get back a response with an empty answer section and a non-empty
authority section.

second, an authority server should not, in general, fetch any glue or
otherwise send any packets to anybody, and especially, it should never answer
differently unless its own authority zone data has been made different.

# It's tempting to make (a) DNS (server) be able to answer with the
# authoritative data when RD=0 and the learned data when RD=1, but I'd say
# this is a "siren's call."

i'm not tempted by any sirens here.  i just want to know what the right thing
is, so that i can do it, and complain if/when others don't, and test for it in
conformance suites, and so on.  none of that is possible while this case
remains undefined.

# I'm no longer against mixing caching and authoritative servers.  I think
# that the reasons once used to justify separating the two have largely
# vanished.  I think that there are now valid reasons to combine them into
# one (at times).

i think i've pointed out a case where a server's answer not defined by the
spec, where authority and recursion are done on the same IP/UDP listener
address.  since undefined is not what we usually want in a spec, and isn't
what folks think this spec offers, i'm calling that a problem.

we can decide that it's not really undefined, or that it's always been
undefined and everybody knew it but me and i'm chasing parked cars again, or
that it's not defined but the operational cost is low so we'll just document
it as undefined, or we can say that it's undefined and should become defined,
or we can say that it's undefined and therefore not a recommended practice.

our chairs will have to take the lead on determining which way we want to go.

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Subject: RE: [dhcwg] Open issues in DHCP FQDN, DHCID and DDNS-DHCP Related RFCs
Date: Tue, 7 Feb 2006 17:41:04 -0500
Message-ID: <8E296595B6471A4689555D5D725EBB2101340106@xmb-rtp-20a.amer.cisco.com>
Thread-Topic: [dhcwg] Open issues in DHCP FQDN, DHCID and DDNS-DHCP Related RFCs
Thread-Index: AcYsNtyqADW11I0/QrCTjtpK7q7B9QAAIyFw
From: "Bernie Volz \(volz\)" <volz@cisco.com>
To: "Harald Tveit Alvestrand" <harald@alvestrand.no>,
        "Ted Lemon" <mellon@fugue.com>, <dhcwg@ietf.org>
Cc: <namedroppers@ops.ietf.org>, "Olaf Kolkman" <olaf@nlnetlabs.nl>,
        "Stig Venaas" <Stig.Venaas@uninett.no>, <ogud@ogud.com>,
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[ Moderators note: Post was moderated, either because it was posted by
   a non-subscriber, or because it was over 20K.  
   With the massive amount of spam, it is easy to miss and therefore 
   delete relevant posts by non-subscribers. 
   Please fix your subscription addresses. ]

Harald:

No, this would just mean that the client identity would be stored in raw
octet form instead of "encrypting" the data. It would have no impact on
anything else that I can see.

- Bernie

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Harald Tveit Alvestrand [mailto:harald@alvestrand.no]=20
> Sent: Tuesday, February 07, 2006 5:36 PM
> To: Bernie Volz (volz); Ted Lemon; dhcwg@ietf.org
> Cc: namedroppers@ops.ietf.org; Olaf Kolkman; Stig Venaas;=20
> ogud@ogud.com; Ralph Droms (rdroms)
> Subject: RE: [dhcwg] Open issues in DHCP FQDN, DHCID and=20
> DDNS-DHCP Related RFCs
>=20
>=20
>=20
> --On tirsdag, februar 07, 2006 17:28:54 -0500 "Bernie Volz (volz)"=20
> <volz@cisco.com> wrote:
>=20
> > Well, that certainly would be an easy solution (in terms of=20
> changes to
> > the draft and also the conflict resolution draft). But, do=20
> how practical
> > is this? How likely is the IESG to accept this?
>=20
> (speaking as DHCP-head, not security-head)
>=20
> would removing the hash entirely increase the probability of=20
> confusion over=20
> "who does what"?
> I thought it had a differentiation function too....
>=20
>                         Harald
>=20
>=20


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From: Ted Lemon <mellon@fugue.com>
Organization: Diamond Mountain
To: "Bernie Volz \(volz\)" <volz@cisco.com>
Subject: Re: [dhcwg] Open issues in DHCP FQDN, DHCID and DDNS-DHCP Related RFCs
Date: Tue, 7 Feb 2006 16:06:52 -0700
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        "Stig Venaas" <Stig.Venaas@uninett.no>, ogud@ogud.com,
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On Tuesday 07 February 2006 15:41, Bernie Volz (volz) wrote:
> No, this would just mean that the client identity would be stored in raw
> octet form instead of "encrypting" the data. It would have no impact on
> anything else that I can see.

Essentially, the concern is that you'd be publishing a stable token 
identifying a specific client in the DNS.   My counterargument to this 
concern is that the client's hostname is also a stable token identifying the 
client.

If you are concerned about privacy, you shouldn't be publishing _any_ tokens 
that identify the client in the DNS.   If you are not concerned about 
privacy, in the sense that for some reason you consider the value of putting 
your client's contact information into a public registry (the DNS) more 
important than keeping your client's identity private, then the fact that you 
are publishing two tokens in the DNS (the DUID and the hostname) that 
identify your client isn't a problem.


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Cc: "Ted Lemon" <Ted.Lemon@nominum.com>, <dhcwg@ietf.org>, <iesg@ietf.org>,
        Olaf Kolkman <olaf@nlnetlabs.nl>,
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Subject: Re: [dhcwg] Open issues in DHCP FQDN, DHCID and DDNS-DHCP Related
 RFCs
References: <8E296595B6471A4689555D5D725EBB2101340174@xmb-rtp-20a.amer.cisco.com>
From: Sam Hartman <hartmans-ietf@mit.edu>
Date: Tue, 07 Feb 2006 23:10:29 -0500
In-Reply-To: <8E296595B6471A4689555D5D725EBB2101340174@xmb-rtp-20a.amer.cisco.com> (Bernie
 Volz's message of "Tue, 7 Feb 2006 20:53:52 -0500")
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I think the main think I at least am asking for is multiple
algorithms.  Russ is asking for some analysis based on comments from
Steve Bellovin.

I think we may need to spend some time on this--either in Dallas or a
conference call to make any progress.


I think the primary issue in my mind is whether this mechanism works
at all.  Once you figure out a client identifier you can test whether
a particular lease is a particular client.  So, while I may not be
able to easily track everyone, this supports targeted tracking fairly
easily.

I don't see a way around that without having shared secrets known by
the DHCP servers.  I'm not saying that we should mandate that or
perhaps even that we should support it.



But I'm becoming even more convinced that Steve Bellovin is right and
that we need to understand what problem we're solving here.

I do still feel strongly about the multiple algorithms issue.  However
I don't think I'm going to be in a position to understand and
appreciate arguments on that issue until we have a discussion about
what we're trying to accomplish and about what the mechanisms are.

The one argument I explicitly do not accept is the deployed base
argument.  This is a new option that is first before the IETF and has
first received cross-area review now.  RR types have not even been
assigned.  I'm sorry the process has taken a long time.  The right fix
for that is to work on process efficiency; I think we are all trying
to do that.  I know the DHCP working group has improved a lot recently
and I believe the IESG has as well.

--Sam



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Subject: RE: [dhcwg] Open issues in DHCP FQDN, DHCID and DDNS-DHCP Related RFCs
Date: Tue, 7 Feb 2006 17:28:54 -0500
Message-ID: <8E296595B6471A4689555D5D725EBB21013400FF@xmb-rtp-20a.amer.cisco.com>
Thread-Topic: [dhcwg] Open issues in DHCP FQDN, DHCID and DDNS-DHCP Related RFCs
Thread-Index: AcYrkOg+3BmLDhdhRoW1K3zF3PeAVQApNoEA
From: "Bernie Volz \(volz\)" <volz@cisco.com>
To: "Ted Lemon" <mellon@fugue.com>, <dhcwg@ietf.org>
Cc: <namedroppers@ops.ietf.org>, "Olaf Kolkman" <olaf@nlnetlabs.nl>,
        <Harald@alvestrand.no>, "Stig Venaas" <Stig.Venaas@uninett.no>,
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Well, that certainly would be an easy solution (in terms of changes to
the draft and also the conflict resolution draft). But, do how practical
is this? How likely is the IESG to accept this?

- Bernie=20

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Ted Lemon [mailto:mellon@fugue.com]=20
> Sent: Monday, February 06, 2006 9:48 PM
> To: dhcwg@ietf.org
> Cc: Bernie Volz (volz); namedroppers@ops.ietf.org; Olaf=20
> Kolkman; Harald@alvestrand.no; Stig Venaas; ogud@ogud.com;=20
> Ralph Droms (rdroms)
> Subject: Re: [dhcwg] Open issues in DHCP FQDN, DHCID and=20
> DDNS-DHCP Related RFCs
>=20
> On Monday 06 February 2006 07:59, Bernie Volz (volz) wrote:
> > Perhaps there's other solutions?
>=20
> My vote would be to take out the hash entirely - it was=20
> unnecessary to begin=20
> with, and the idea of radically complexifying the protocol to=20
> make it more=20
> secure when there was no real need for it in the first place=20
> strikes me as a=20
> huge and painful mistake.
>=20


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On Mon, Feb 06, 2006 at 09:59:11AM -0500, Bernie Volz (volz) wrote:
> Possible solutions to the hash algorithm issue are:
>=20
> 1. Switch from MD5 to SHA-1 or SHA-256 as the "base" algorithm. This won'=
t help down the road if these are found to have significant weaknesses.
>=20
> 2. Add a field (octet) to the DHCID RR RDATA to specify the algorithm use=
d (perhaps using the digest type field and assignments used by the DS recor=
d, RFC 3658, and http://www.iana.org/assignments/ds-rr-types). The RDATA wo=
uld thus be formatted as <RR TYPE (2 octets)><Digest Type (1 octet)><Digest=
 (n octets)>. This also means a change to SHA-1 as the base algorithm or we=
'd need to request IANA to allocate a MD5 digest code. (The SHA-1 digest is=
 20 octets instead of MD5's 16 octets.)
>=20
> 3. Incorporate the hash algorithm into the existing RR type code field, w=
hich means a change of algorithm requires new RR type codes to be assigned =
(likely 3 new codes per algorithm).
>=20
> 4. Don't change the RDATA format or algorithm. Though this would likely b=
lock this work from proceeding through the IESG?
>=20
> Perhaps there's other solutions?
>=20
> I'm inclined to pick 2 as I believe it meets all of the IESG requirements=
 and is the most flexible. Whether we switch to SHA-1 or request a digest t=
ype assignment for MD5 is debatable, but unless there are significantly dif=
ferent export restrictions or licensing issues for MD5 vs. SHA-1, let's jus=
t switch to SHA-1?=20


Funny, I was going to say '2 is right out'.  I don't like the
implications of people trying to be reverse-algorithm compatible, or
the fact that there's no way to roll between algorithms except
all-stop, delete, restart.


There's a contradiction in Ted's and Bernie's statements here I want to
point out.  Bernie says if SHA-X is found weak, that's a problem.  Ted
says we can just remove the encoding.

One of these two statements has to be false if the other is true.  If
we can remove the encoding, then we don't care if SHA-X is weak.  If
we care if SHA-X is weak, then we can't remove the encoding.

Obviously I agree with Ted, I think the encoding is more political
problem than technical reward.

In that case, there's no reason to care if SHA-x is weak because the
alternative was cleartext.  So why not just go with door #1 if that
makes the IESG happy?

One of my coworkers (who, wishing not to be named "bad idea fairy" will
for the moment be kept anonymous) suggests we adopt ROT13.  Actually,
some zone admins might be able to read that without a filter, so perhaps
we should just XOR the field by 0xFF.

If cleartext is an acceptable answer, which I think it is, than any
obfuscation that makes plaintext unreadable is equivalent, even if
that equivalent obfuscation is a *different* weak digest algorithm.


MD5 was the right answer.  There's no other way to say it.


So in my final analysis, if switching to SHA-1 or SHA-256 gets it past
IESG, I think that's better than ROT13 or XOR 0xFF, which I think is
better than removing the encoding entirely, which I think is better
than switching to an encoding byte, which I think is better than making
the encoding part of the type field.

But really, the success story here would be if we made no changes and
just stuck with MD5.

--=20
David W. Hankins		"If you don't do it right the first time,
Software Engineer			you'll just have to do it again."
Internet Systems Consortium, Inc.		-- Jack T. Hankins

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Subject: RE: [dhcwg] Open issues in DHCP FQDN, DHCID and DDNS-DHCP Related RFCs
Date: Tue, 7 Feb 2006 20:53:52 -0500
Message-ID: <8E296595B6471A4689555D5D725EBB2101340174@xmb-rtp-20a.amer.cisco.com>
Thread-Topic: [dhcwg] Open issues in DHCP FQDN, DHCID and DDNS-DHCP Related RFCs
Thread-Index: AcYsUe778ij2PKxKTIaU+SSg8H/meAAAFpIA
From: "Bernie Volz \(volz\)" <volz@cisco.com>
To: "Ted Lemon" <Ted.Lemon@nominum.com>, <dhcwg@ietf.org>, <iesg@ietf.org>
Cc: "David W. Hankins" <David_Hankins@isc.org>,
        "Olaf Kolkman" <olaf@nlnetlabs.nl>, <namedroppers@ops.ietf.org>,
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Well, let's ask the IESG (added to TO:) ...

> However, if the IESG is willing to accept a single algorithm, in hopes
that it=20
> will provide enough obfuscatory value that statistical analysis based
on the=20
> hostname portion of the client's FQDN is cheaper, I don't object to
that.  =20
> It's only the additional complexification required to "do it right" to
which=20
> I object, because I don't think it adds any value.

- Bernie

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Ted Lemon [mailto:Ted.Lemon@nominum.com]=20
> Sent: Tuesday, February 07, 2006 8:50 PM
> To: dhcwg@ietf.org
> Cc: Bernie Volz (volz); David W. Hankins; Olaf Kolkman;=20
> namedroppers@ops.ietf.org; Harald@alvestrand.no; Stig Venaas;=20
> ogud@ogud.com; Ralph Droms (rdroms)
> Subject: Re: [dhcwg] Open issues in DHCP FQDN, DHCID and=20
> DDNS-DHCP Related RFCs
>=20
> On Tuesday 07 February 2006 18:04, Bernie Volz (volz) wrote:
> > I also don't recall the history (because I either wasn't=20
> involved or was
> > fairly disinterested at the time) the reason for encoding=20
> this, but suspect
> > it was to make it somewhat difficult for someone to find=20
> the client's
> > identity and potentially track the user through the Internet as they
> > connect to different access networks (assuming the DHCID RR=20
> was available).
> > I don't believe the goal was ever to make it impossible,=20
> just somewhat
> > difficult so that most folks wouldn't bother.
>=20
> The original motivation for using MD5 was to protect the=20
> privacy of the client=20
> by not publishing its client identifier (typically the MAC=20
> address of the=20
> ethernet card) in the DNS.   But we're already publishing the=20
> client's=20
> identity in the DNS in the form of the hostname it sends to=20
> the server.
>=20
> So someone who is determined to track this client's motion=20
> across the network=20
> can do so by tracking its A record.
>=20
> We should bear in mind that while MD5 isn't terribly secure, it's not=20
> completely insecure either.   In practice, the case where=20
> somebody's privacy=20
> is going to be violated in this way is where someone is doing=20
> data mining,=20
> and wants to be able to combine data mined about one host=20
> with data mined=20
> about another host that happens to be the same host.   It's=20
> going to be much=20
> easier to do this with the hostname than to reverse-engineer=20
> the MD5 hash.   =20
> It's easier still to use the client identifier, if that's=20
> stored in the DNS,=20
> so there is some limited value in doing *something* to=20
> increase the cost of=20
> matching two identifiers, but the value of that really is=20
> quite limited.
>=20
> So the problem I see here is that we want to do some=20
> obfuscation that is of=20
> extremely limited value.   And in order to "do it right," we=20
> need to add=20
> extra steps to the DNS registration protocol to account for different=20
> possible hash algorithms that might be used for obfuscation. =20
>  So if the=20
> choice is between doing it right and not doing it at all, I'm=20
> 100% behind not=20
> doing it at all.
>=20
> However, if the IESG is willing to accept a single algorithm,=20
> in hopes that it=20
> will provide enough obfuscatory value that statistical=20
> analysis based on the=20
> hostname portion of the client's FQDN is cheaper, I don't=20
> object to that.  =20
> It's only the additional complexification required to "do it=20
> right" to which=20
> I object, because I don't think it adds any value.
>=20


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Subject: RE: [dhcwg] Open issues in DHCP FQDN, DHCID and DDNS-DHCP Related RFCs
Date: Tue, 7 Feb 2006 20:04:02 -0500
Message-ID: <8E296595B6471A4689555D5D725EBB210134016C@xmb-rtp-20a.amer.cisco.com>
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Thread-Index: AcYsRv243CpzNOPWQwWpL/nCtoko6QAApB3A
From: "Bernie Volz \(volz\)" <volz@cisco.com>
To: "David W. Hankins" <David_Hankins@isc.org>
Cc: <namedroppers@ops.ietf.org>, "dhcwg" <dhcwg@ietf.org>,
        "Olaf Kolkman" <olaf@nlnetlabs.nl>, <Harald@Alvestrand.no>,
        "Stig Venaas" <Stig.Venaas@uninett.no>,
        =?iso-8859-1?Q?=D3lafur_Gu=3Emundsson_/DNSEXT_co-chair?= <ogud@ogud.com>,
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David:

I'm perfectly happy with MD5 too. I'm only doing this because this was =
apparently a blocking issue with the IESG. I'm not even an author on the =
DHCID RR draft, but have volunteered to sheppard it through because the =
authors have lost interest. (Though if one or more of the authors wants =
to pick this up, let me know and I'll send along the xml file for the =
draft.)

While we could do as Ted suggests (drop the encoding), I personally am =
uncomfortable with that because I think the information will leak out =
and better for it not to be obvious (though I guess if it was obvious it =
would teach folks quickly not to let it leak?). I also don't recall the =
history (because I either wasn't involved or was fairly disinterested at =
the time) the reason for encoding this, but suspect it was to make it =
somewhat difficult for someone to find the client's identity and =
potentially track the user through the Internet as they connect to =
different access networks (assuming the DHCID RR was available). I don't =
believe the goal was ever to make it impossible, just somewhat difficult =
so that most folks wouldn't bother.

BTW, most of the options are definitely not fun for me because it will =
require more changes to the DHCID RR draft and the conflict resolution =
draft, since there needs to be something said about what happens if a =
DHCID RR exists and the data doesn't match -- if the "digest type" is =
different, then the updater might have to switch to that digest (if =
supported), ... If not supported, well, I guess one must assume the FQDN =
is in use and try a different FQDN.

- Bernie=20

> -----Original Message-----
> From: David W. Hankins [mailto:David_Hankins@isc.org]=20
> Sent: Tuesday, February 07, 2006 7:31 PM
> To: Bernie Volz (volz)
> Cc: namedroppers@ops.ietf.org; dhcwg; Olaf Kolkman;=20
> Harald@Alvestrand.no; Stig Venaas; =D3lafur Gu>mundsson /DNSEXT=20
> co-chair; Ralph Droms (rdroms)
> Subject: Re: [dhcwg] Open issues in DHCP FQDN, DHCID and=20
> DDNS-DHCP Related RFCs
>=20
> On Mon, Feb 06, 2006 at 09:59:11AM -0500, Bernie Volz (volz) wrote:
> > Possible solutions to the hash algorithm issue are:
> >=20
> > 1. Switch from MD5 to SHA-1 or SHA-256 as the "base"=20
> algorithm. This won't help down the road if these are found=20
> to have significant weaknesses.
> >=20
> > 2. Add a field (octet) to the DHCID RR RDATA to specify the=20
> algorithm used (perhaps using the digest type field and=20
> assignments used by the DS record, RFC 3658, and=20
> http://www.iana.org/assignments/ds-rr-types). The RDATA would=20
> thus be formatted as <RR TYPE (2 octets)><Digest Type (1=20
> octet)><Digest (n octets)>. This also means a change to SHA-1=20
> as the base algorithm or we'd need to request IANA to=20
> allocate a MD5 digest code. (The SHA-1 digest is 20 octets=20
> instead of MD5's 16 octets.)
> >=20
> > 3. Incorporate the hash algorithm into the existing RR type=20
> code field, which means a change of algorithm requires new RR=20
> type codes to be assigned (likely 3 new codes per algorithm).
> >=20
> > 4. Don't change the RDATA format or algorithm. Though this=20
> would likely block this work from proceeding through the IESG?
> >=20
> > Perhaps there's other solutions?
> >=20
> > I'm inclined to pick 2 as I believe it meets all of the=20
> IESG requirements and is the most flexible. Whether we switch=20
> to SHA-1 or request a digest type assignment for MD5 is=20
> debatable, but unless there are significantly different=20
> export restrictions or licensing issues for MD5 vs. SHA-1,=20
> let's just switch to SHA-1?=20
>=20
>=20
> Funny, I was going to say '2 is right out'.  I don't like the
> implications of people trying to be reverse-algorithm compatible, or
> the fact that there's no way to roll between algorithms except
> all-stop, delete, restart.
>=20
>=20
> There's a contradiction in Ted's and Bernie's statements here=20
> I want to
> point out.  Bernie says if SHA-X is found weak, that's a problem.  Ted
> says we can just remove the encoding.
>=20
> One of these two statements has to be false if the other is true.  If
> we can remove the encoding, then we don't care if SHA-X is weak.  If
> we care if SHA-X is weak, then we can't remove the encoding.
>=20
> Obviously I agree with Ted, I think the encoding is more political
> problem than technical reward.
>=20
> In that case, there's no reason to care if SHA-x is weak because the
> alternative was cleartext.  So why not just go with door #1 if that
> makes the IESG happy?
>=20
> One of my coworkers (who, wishing not to be named "bad idea=20
> fairy" will
> for the moment be kept anonymous) suggests we adopt ROT13.  Actually,
> some zone admins might be able to read that without a filter,=20
> so perhaps
> we should just XOR the field by 0xFF.
>=20
> If cleartext is an acceptable answer, which I think it is, than any
> obfuscation that makes plaintext unreadable is equivalent, even if
> that equivalent obfuscation is a *different* weak digest algorithm.
>=20
>=20
> MD5 was the right answer.  There's no other way to say it.
>=20
>=20
> So in my final analysis, if switching to SHA-1 or SHA-256 gets it past
> IESG, I think that's better than ROT13 or XOR 0xFF, which I think is
> better than removing the encoding entirely, which I think is better
> than switching to an encoding byte, which I think is better=20
> than making
> the encoding part of the type field.
>=20
> But really, the success story here would be if we made no changes and
> just stuck with MD5.
>=20
> --=20
> David W. Hankins		"If you don't do it right the=20
> first time,
> Software Engineer			you'll just have to do=20
> it again."
> Internet Systems Consortium, Inc.		-- Jack T. Hankins
>=20


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To: Paul Vixie <paul@vix.com>, namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
From: "Paul V. Mockapetris" <Paul.Mockapetris@nominum.com>
Subject: Re: the RD bit is troubling me today
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At 05:37 PM 2/3/2006, Paul Vixie wrote:
>We've spent about half of the total DNSSEC development era to date (that is
>around six years out of the twelve) going down ratholes due to
>misunderstanding 1034/1035.  Sometimes we amend 1034/1035 to explain something
>that didn't used to need to be explained; sometimes we amend 1034/1035 to
>explain something that we thought had been explained that turned out to have
>ambiguities... The result of DNSSEC is that we now understand far more about
>the delegation model and wildcards (among other things) than we used to know.
>Sort of like one of the great side-benefits of NASA's moon programme was the
>ballpoint pen.
>
>There's been some interest recently in the question "should a nameserver also
>be recursive, if it's authoritative for any zones?"  The old, sad, answer has
>been "don't do it, since BIND4 was terrible about mixing recursive and
>authority data, and dual-purpose nameservers are a recipe for cache pollution"
>but it turns out that since BIND8, BIND9, and all modern non-BIND servers can
>safely mix authority and recursive data, folks are starting to do this again.
>It's not that hard to run two nameservers on a host, and just use different
>IP addresses for your resolv.conf file vs. your NS RR -> A/AAAA RR chain, but
>even though it's not hard, it's not as easy as just using one nameserver.
>
>While the RD bit in a query can disambiguate the case of a name-below-zonecut
>such that if RD=0 a dual-use server will return a delegation whereas if RD=1
>it will go fetch the data, I don't think this helps when the qname is equal to
>a zonecut name.  An authority server should respond with a non-AA delegation
>in that case, since the zone ends above the zonecut.  A recursive server
>should respond with a non-AA answer in that case.  But the non-AA answer
>should be first retrieved from the apex of the subzone, by following the
>delegation, all without allowing an RD=1 query to affect subsequent RD=0
>results.  A dual-use server would therefore have to maintain separate NS
>RRsets (and associated A/AAAA glue) for RD=0 vs RD=1 answers.

I'm assuming we are operating in the RA=1 world.  That is the server is 
willing to honor the request for recursive service.

The intent of the framer was that authoritative data would always take 
precedence over cached data and that hints were even lower in priority.  A 
common metaphor for this was that the authoritative data in zones were like 
windows on a screen and the cache was the background.  At a zone cut, the 
parent was definitive with regard to controlling whether a child zone was 
recognized as a legitimate descendant, but the child, once recognized by 
the parent, was authoritative for the contents of that zone, including the 
top node.  Thus the NS records marking a zone cut in the parent, as well as 
glue data, were part of the zone, but not part of the zone's authoritative 
data.

>1034/1035 does not anywhere say this, but it's the implication of the other
>"intent of the framers" clarifications we've made to 1034/1035 during the
>DNSSEC development era.  But if we were going to write another clarification
>document on this point, I'd rather we just said "nameservers that offer both
>authority and recursive service are undefined, please just don't do it" than
>to try to describe how many RD bits should be dancing on the head of this pin.

Well, this intent again was that a recursive name server was just a name 
server that executed the resolver logic to fetch data if necessary, and 
that having access to authoritative data as well as a cache was possible.

--

Anyway, if RD=0, I'd argue that the authority section of the response 
should contain a delegation and the answer section cached data if available.

If RD=1, the answer section has the answer, with aa set if the answer came 
from a zone's authoritative data, 0 otherwise.

--

I can imagine lots of reasons where I might want to have a server 
configured to be authoritative only or caching only, but I don't think the 
one can credibly argue that the behaviour is "undefined" for a mixed server.

<And yes, there are lots of ways to implement mixed mode incorrectly, and 
bind wasn't alone in exploring that space>

>--
>to unsubscribe send a message to namedroppers-request@ops.ietf.org with
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<html>
<body>
<font size=3>At 05:37 PM 2/3/2006, Paul Vixie wrote:<br>
<blockquote type=cite class=cite cite>We've spent about half of the total
DNSSEC development era to date (that is<br>
around six years out of the twelve) going down ratholes due to<br>
misunderstanding 1034/1035.&nbsp; Sometimes we amend 1034/1035 to explain
something<br>
that didn't used to need to be explained; sometimes we amend 1034/1035
to<br>
explain something that we thought had been explained that turned out to
have<br>
ambiguities... The result of DNSSEC is that we now understand far more
about<br>
the delegation model and wildcards (among other things) than we used to
know.<br>
Sort of like one of the great side-benefits of NASA's moon programme was
the<br>
ballpoint pen.<br><br>
There's been some interest recently in the question &quot;should a
nameserver also<br>
be recursive, if it's authoritative for any zones?&quot;&nbsp; The old,
sad, answer has<br>
been &quot;don't do it, since BIND4 was terrible about mixing recursive
and<br>
authority data, and dual-purpose nameservers are a recipe for cache
pollution&quot;<br>
but it turns out that since BIND8, BIND9, and all modern non-BIND servers
can<br>
safely mix authority and recursive data, folks are starting to do this
again.<br>
It's not that hard to run two nameservers on a host, and just use
different<br>
IP addresses for your resolv.conf file vs. your NS RR -&gt; A/AAAA RR
chain, but<br>
even though it's not hard, it's not as easy as just using one
nameserver.<br><br>
While the RD bit in a query can disambiguate the case of a
name-below-zonecut<br>
such that if RD=0 a dual-use server will return a delegation whereas if
RD=1<br>
it will go fetch the data, I don't think this helps when the qname is
equal to<br>
a zonecut name.&nbsp; An authority server should respond with a non-AA
delegation<br>
in that case, since the zone ends above the zonecut.&nbsp; A recursive
server<br>
should respond with a non-AA answer in that case.&nbsp; But the non-AA
answer<br>
should be first retrieved from the apex of the subzone, by following
the<br>
delegation, all without allowing an RD=1 query to affect subsequent
RD=0<br>
results.&nbsp; A dual-use server would therefore have to maintain
separate NS<br>
RRsets (and associated A/AAAA glue) for RD=0 vs RD=1
answers.</blockquote><br>
I'm assuming we are operating in the RA=1 world.&nbsp; That is the server
is willing to honor the request for recursive service.<br><br>
The intent of the framer was that authoritative data would always take
precedence over cached data and that hints were even lower in
priority.&nbsp; A common metaphor for this was that the authoritative
data in zones were like windows on a screen and the cache was the
background.&nbsp; At a zone cut, the parent was definitive with regard to
controlling whether a child zone was recognized as a legitimate
descendant, but the child, once recognized by the parent, was
authoritative for the contents of that zone, including the top
node.&nbsp; Thus the NS records marking a zone cut in the parent, as well
as glue data, were part of the zone, but not part of the zone's
authoritative data.<br><br>
<blockquote type=cite class=cite cite>1034/1035 does not anywhere say
this, but it's the implication of the other<br>
&quot;intent of the framers&quot; clarifications we've made to 1034/1035
during the<br>
DNSSEC development era.&nbsp; But if we were going to write another
clarification<br>
document on this point, I'd rather we just said &quot;nameservers that
offer both<br>
authority and recursive service are undefined, please just don't do
it&quot; than<br>
to try to describe how many RD bits should be dancing on the head of this
pin.</blockquote><br>
Well, this intent again was that a recursive name server was just a name
server that executed the resolver logic to fetch data if necessary, and
that having access to authoritative data as well as a cache was
possible.<br><br>
--<br><br>
Anyway, if RD=0, I'd argue that the authority section of the response
should contain a delegation and the answer section cached data if
available.<br><br>
If RD=1, the answer section has the answer, with aa set if the answer
came from a zone's authoritative data, 0 otherwise.<br><br>
--<br><br>
I can imagine lots of reasons where I might want to have a server
configured to be authoritative only or caching only, but I don't think
the one can credibly argue that the behaviour is &quot;undefined&quot;
for a mixed server.<br><br>
&lt;And yes, there are lots of ways to implement mixed mode incorrectly,
and bind wasn't alone in exploring that space&gt;<br><br>
<blockquote type=cite class=cite cite>--<br>
to unsubscribe send a message to namedroppers-request@ops.ietf.org
with<br>
the word 'unsubscribe' in a single line as the message text body.<br>
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Content preview:  At 05:37 PM 2/3/2006, Paul Vixie wrote: >We've spent
  about half of the total DNSSEC development era to date (that is >around
  six years out of the twelve) going down ratholes due to
  >misunderstanding 1034/1035. Sometimes we amend 1034/1035 to explain
  something >that didn't used to need to be explained; sometimes we amend
  1034/1035 to >explain something that we thought had been explained that
  turned out to have >ambiguities... The result of DNSSEC is that we now
  understand far more about >the delegation model and wildcards (among
  other things) than we used to know. >Sort of like one of the great
  side-benefits of NASA's moon programme was the >ballpoint pen. >
  >There's been some interest recently in the question "should a
  nameserver also >be recursive, if it's authoritative for any zones?" The
  old, sad, answer has >been "don't do it, since BIND4 was terrible about
  mixing recursive and >authority data, and dual-purpose nameservers are a
  recipe for cache pollution" >but it turns out that since BIND8, BIND9,
  and all modern non-BIND servers can >safely mix authority and recursive
  data, folks are starting to do this again. >It's not that hard to run
  two nameservers on a host, and just use different >IP addresses for your
  resolv.conf file vs. your NS RR -> A/AAAA RR chain, but >even though
  it's not hard, it's not as easy as just using one nameserver. > >While
  the RD bit in a query can disambiguate the case of a name-below-zonecut
  >such that if RD=0 a dual-use server will return a delegation whereas if
  RD=1 >it will go fetch the data, I don't think this helps when the qname
  is equal to >a zonecut name. An authority server should respond with a
  non-AA delegation >in that case, since the zone ends above the zonecut.
  A recursive server >should respond with a non-AA answer in that case.
  But the non-AA answer >should be first retrieved from the apex of the
  subzone, by following the >delegation, all without allowing an RD=1
  query to affect subsequent RD=0 >results. A dual-use server would
  therefore have to maintain separate NS > [...] 

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From owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org Wed Feb 08 02:51:07 2006
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Date: Wed, 08 Feb 2006 08:45:39 +0100
From: Harald Tveit Alvestrand <harald@alvestrand.no>
To: "Bernie Volz (volz)" <volz@cisco.com>,
        "David W. Hankins" <David_Hankins@isc.org>
Cc: namedroppers@ops.ietf.org, dhcwg <dhcwg@ietf.org>,
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Subject: RE: [dhcwg] Open issues in DHCP FQDN, DHCID and DDNS-DHCP Related
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--On 7. februar 2006 20:04 -0500 "Bernie Volz (volz)" <volz@cisco.com>=20
wrote:

> David:
>
> I'm perfectly happy with MD5 too. I'm only doing this because this was
> apparently a blocking issue with the IESG.

My reading (which is about as reliable as tea leaves) is that keeping MD5,=20
and changing the document to say that it doesn't purport to protect=20
identities, is also a valid way forward.

It's the inconsistency between the claim that MD5 helps security and the=20
known weakness of MD5 that's got the security ADs up in arms.

                       Harald




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From owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org Wed Feb 08 03:09:05 2006
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From: Paul Vixie <paul@vix.com>
To: "Paul V. Mockapetris" <Paul.Mockapetris@nominum.com>
cc: namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
Subject: Re: the RD bit is troubling me today 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Tue, 07 Feb 2006 06:24:57 PST."
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# --
# 
# Anyway, if RD=0, I'd argue that the authority section of the response
# should contain a delegation and the answer section cached data if available.
# 
# If RD=1, the answer section has the answer, with aa set if the answer came
# from a zone's authoritative data, 0 otherwise.

I am pleasantly surprised by your RD=0 clarification, but the RD=1 baffles me.

For the RD=0 case, no existing server of which I'm aware works this way, and
noone I've spoken to about this who has read 1034 and 1035 interpreted it this
way.  However, I can see the consistency in it and I can live with the ruling.

In the RD=1 case, you'd have a dual-purpose server respond with data that did
not come about by recursion, and is in practical terms "less credible than"
what would result from querying the child zone's authority servers for it.

To help understand my bafflement, consider that regeneration is all the rage,
and AA=1 never occurs after recursion in BIND9.  In BIND4 and early BIND8, we
passed through the initial AA=1 from the authority server but gave back AA=0
on subsequent queries for the same data.  For a BIND9 recursive server, AA=0
on all responses.  I regard the current BIND9 behaviour as "more correct."

# --
# 
# I can imagine lots of reasons where I might want to have a server configured
# to be authoritative only or caching only, but I don't think the one can
# credibly argue that the behaviour is "undefined" for a mixed server.

I hope you're right, but I'd like to understand more about your reasoning in
the RD=1 case.  I really think that if a requestor wants recursion, that the
data they should be given should be the result of recursion.  If any other
RA=1 server were to respond with parent-zone-glue rather than child-zone-data
in this case, we would call that server "defective".

---

There's another, more extreme problem with dual-purpose servers, and that's
security.  Recursive nameservers which are open to the internet are, because
of the widespread ridicule heaped upon RFC2827/BCP38 and SAC004, "dangerous".
(I am aware of a multi-gigabit attack occuring against a neighbor, even as I
type this, involving a few thousand open-to-recursion nameservers, 4K TXT RRs,
a low-intensity spoofed source query stream from a botnet, and EDNS0.)  Since
it's operationally difficult to use different ACLs for recursion vs authority,
most people just don't do it.  So most dual-purpose nameservers are fully open
and thus "dangerous".  So if we do manage to nail down a practical
interpretation of dual-purpose, I'll want the resulting clarification document
to sing most expansively the damnation against open recursive servers, and if
I am an author of such a document, it will advise "just don't do it" as the
safest course of action.

---

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From: "Dean Hall" <drasler@ambersplace.com>
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Subject: Three Steps to the Software You Need at the Prices You Want
Date: Wed, 08 Feb 2006 15:37:26 +0700
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Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable.TOP.10.NEW.TITLES.ON.SALE.NOW!.1.Office.Pro.2003.2.Adobe.Photoshop.9.0.3.Windows.XP.Pro.4.Adobe.Acrobat.7.Pro.5.Flash.MX.2004.6.Corel.Draw.12.7.Norton.Antivirus.2005.8.Windows.2003.Se


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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
Adobe Photoshop CS2 V 9.0 
   by Adobe 


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Availability: Available for INSTANT download! 



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From owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org Wed Feb 08 08:03:08 2006
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From: Pekka Savola <pekkas@netcore.fi>
To: Ralph Droms <rdroms@cisco.com>
cc: namedroppers@ops.ietf.org, dhcwg <dhcwg@ietf.org>,
        Stig Venaas <Stig.Venaas@uninett.no>, Olaf Kolkman <olaf@nlnetlabs.nl>,
        =?UTF-8?B?w5M=?=lafur Gu=?UTF-8?B?4oC6?=mundsson /DNSEXT  co-chair <ogud@ogud.com>,
        Harald@Alvestrand.no
Subject: Re: Open issues in DHCP FQDN, DHCID and DDNS-DHCP Related RFCs
In-Reply-To: <C007E603.D137%rdroms@cisco.com>
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On Thu, 2 Feb 2006, Ralph Droms wrote:
> Included below is a summary list of the open issues in this package 
> of documents:
>
> draft-ietf-dnsext-dhcid-rr-10.txt
> draft-ietf-dhc-ddns-resolution-10.txt
> draft-ietf-dhc-dhcpv6-fqdn-03.txt
> draft-ietf-dhc-fqdn-option-11.txt

Just checking, did you also check the following mails:

http://www1.ietf.org/mail-archive/web/ietf/current/msg38995.html
http://www1.ietf.org/mail-archive/web/ietf/current/msg38994.html
http://www1.ietf.org/mail-archive/web/dhcwg/current/msg05678.html

?

-- 
Pekka Savola                 "You each name yourselves king, yet the
Netcore Oy                    kingdom bleeds."
Systems. Networks. Security. -- George R.R. Martin: A Clash of Kings

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From nicholas@paramed.biz Wed Feb 08 08:10:58 2006
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Date: Wed, 8 Feb 2006 12:27:50 -0500
To: Paul Vixie <paul@vix.com>
From: Edward Lewis <Ed.Lewis@neustar.biz>
Subject: Re: the RD bit is troubling me today
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At 3:33 +0000 2/8/06, Paul Vixie wrote:
># ...
># What this means is that no matter what the setting of the RD is the server
># ought to answer with the learned NS set over the authoritative NS set when
># the learned set is more trustworthy.  (Applying to the case where the QNAME
># is a zone cut, etc.)
>
>i disagree with this interpretation in two ways.
>
>first, an authority server doesn't send answers when asked for non-apex NS,
>it sends a referral.  that is, if you ask the COM-zone servers for VIX.COM NS,
>you should get back a response with an empty answer section and a non-empty
>authority section.
>
>second, an authority server should not, in general, fetch any glue or
>otherwise send any packets to anybody, and especially, it should never answer
>differently unless its own authority zone data has been made different.

I think what you said agrees with my interpretation. ;)

In my text I refer to "learned NS set" - which may be a null set, 
which is what a nominal authority server would have.  (I.e., 
authority only means not learning.)  Looking at the COM-zone servers 
you do see what I call hybrid responses (sorry, in my text, where I 
said answer, I should have said response) that have the NS records in 
the answer section.  In this instance, "learned" is not from caching 
but from being fed by the registry behind the servers.

No non-recursive server ought to do more than the priming queries for 
the root zone.  That's clear.  To underscore this, when I say 
"learned" I am assuming "passively learned" in this case - the result 
of the server learning for another reason.

># It's tempting to make (a) DNS (server) be able to answer with the
># authoritative data when RD=0 and the learned data when RD=1, but I'd say
># this is a "siren's call."
>
>i'm not tempted by any sirens here.  i just want to know what the right thing
>is, so that i can do it, and complain if/when others don't, and test for it in
>conformance suites, and so on.  none of that is possible while this case
>remains undefined.

I understand.  Nevertheless I think that if we open up the protocol 
to say "RD=0" means that a server expose data that would otherwise be 
obscured by what's learned passively relative to the query at hand 
then we are reacting to a siren's call.  (I.e., undesirable feature 
creep in the protocol.)

># I'm no longer against mixing caching and authoritative servers.  I think
># that the reasons once used to justify separating the two have largely
># vanished.  I think that there are now valid reasons to combine them into
># one (at times).
>
>i think i've pointed out a case where a server's answer not defined by the
>spec, where authority and recursion are done on the same IP/UDP listener
>address.  since undefined is not what we usually want in a spec, and isn't
>what folks think this spec offers, i'm calling that a problem.
>
>we can decide that it's not really undefined, or that it's always been
>undefined and everybody knew it but me and i'm chasing parked cars again, or
>that it's not defined but the operational cost is low so we'll just document
>it as undefined, or we can say that it's undefined and should become defined,
>or we can say that it's undefined and therefore not a recommended practice.

I don't like to say that "because X is undefined, don't do it."  If X 
solves a need, do it and clarify it.  Don't let the specification 
lead the code, don't let the code lead the service, don't let the 
service lead the demand.  As engineers, we have to remain ready to 
answer the needs of the populace, not the other way around.

I say this in support of defining what needs defining in this case 
and not because I saw you falling behind in a race with a parked car.

>our chairs will have to take the lead on determining which way we want to go.

The only thing I disagree with is that the chairs don't need to lead, 
we need to have the WG talk about this.  The chairs only need to 
detect when we've gotten to tired to fight and they declare 
"consensus."
-- 
-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-
Edward Lewis                                                +1-571-434-5468
NeuStar

Nothin' more exciting than going to the printer to watch the toner drain...

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Date: Wed, 8 Feb 2006 13:31:29 -0500
To: Paul Vixie <paul@vix.com>
From: Edward Lewis <Ed.Lewis@neustar.biz>
Subject: Limiting recursion...was Re: the RD bit is troubling me today
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At 8:06 +0000 2/8/06, Paul Vixie wrote:

>There's another, more extreme problem with dual-purpose servers, and that's
>security.  Recursive nameservers which are open to the internet are, because
>of the widespread ridicule heaped upon RFC2827/BCP38 and SAC004, "dangerous".
>(I am aware of a multi-gigabit attack occuring against a neighbor, even as I
>type this, involving a few thousand open-to-recursion nameservers, 4K TXT RRs,
>a low-intensity spoofed source query stream from a botnet, and EDNS0.)  Since
>it's operationally difficult to use different ACLs for recursion vs authority,
>most people just don't do it.  So most dual-purpose nameservers are fully open
>and thus "dangerous".  So if we do manage to nail down a practical
>interpretation of dual-purpose, I'll want the resulting clarification document
>to sing most expansively the damnation against open recursive servers, and if
>I am an author of such a document, it will advise "just don't do it" as the
>safest course of action.

When you say "security" you mean potential for abuse on the public 
Internet, not security as in the safety of what you learn, right?

Just because "most dual-purpose nameservers are fully open" doesn't 
mean that dual-purpose shouldn't be clarified if the specs are 
unclear.  What needs to be made more clear is that open recursers are 
a problem - regardless if whether they are also dual-pupose.

Perhaps default settings of nameserver implementations ought to limit 
recursion to the loopback address, forcing a conscious decision on 
the deployer of the server to know what they are driving on the 
street.

For me, my most common use of dual-purpose has been with BIND views, 
defining one view that has no recursion and answers to the outside 
world and another view that has my split-brained zones and recursion 
allowed for internal machines.  This is my "most common"...I will say 
that when I dual-purpose a server it usually is done with BIND's 
views whether or not split-brain is involved.

-- 
-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-
Edward Lewis                                                +1-571-434-5468
NeuStar

Nothin' more exciting than going to the printer to watch the toner drain...

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From owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org Wed Feb 08 13:33:53 2006
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Date: Wed, 8 Feb 2006 13:24:29 -0500
To: Paul Vixie <paul@vix.com>
From: Edward Lewis <Ed.Lewis@neustar.biz>
Subject: Re: the RD bit is troubling me today
Cc: "Paul V. Mockapetris" <Paul.Mockapetris@nominum.com>,
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I've been trying to understand why mixing authority data and cached 
data is confusing or ill-defined.  Perhaps there are two angles.

1) CNAME?DNAME that "crosses" from authority to cache or vice versa.
2) At a delegation point, when considering the algorithm in 1034/4.3.2.

(I.e., the RD bit is the tip of the iceberg.)

At 8:06 +0000 2/8/06, Paul Vixie wrote:
># --
>#
># Anyway, if RD=0, I'd argue that the authority section of the response
># should contain a delegation and the answer section cached data if available.

This sounds like what the COM-zone servers appear to do today, if you 
interpret "cached data" as "otherwise learned data."

># If RD=1, the answer section has the answer, with aa set if the answer came
># from a zone's authoritative data, 0 otherwise.
>
>I am pleasantly surprised by your RD=0 clarification, but the RD=1 baffles me.
>
>For the RD=0 case, no existing server of which I'm aware works this way, and
>noone I've spoken to about this who has read 1034 and 1035 interpreted it this
>way.  However, I can see the consistency in it and I can live with the ruling.
>
>In the RD=1 case, you'd have a dual-purpose server respond with data that did
>not come about by recursion, and is in practical terms "less credible than"
>what would result from querying the child zone's authority servers for it.

I don't see a problem here.  If I ask a server for data, I may assume 
some context like "I'm asking the tld server and expect to get back a 
referral to the next-level server."  The server doesn't have the 
context and would say "I'm being asked about this Q-tuple, let me 
find the most specific answer I can."  The disconnect we often make 
(and this came up repeatedly when developing the DS record years 
back) is that we forget the context assumed by the client is not the 
same context assumed by the server.

Ergo - the client shouldn't be surprised to find data it would label 
less credible/trustworthy from a server because it thought the server 
wouldn't answer from cached data.  The client should always expect 
the most trustworthy data it can get.

>To help understand my bafflement, consider that regeneration is all the rage,
>and AA=1 never occurs after recursion in BIND9.  In BIND4 and early BIND8, we
>passed through the initial AA=1 from the authority server but gave back AA=0
>on subsequent queries for the same data.  For a BIND9 recursive server, AA=0
>on all responses.  I regard the current BIND9 behaviour as "more correct."

I think that BIND9 is "more correct."  But I don't see why 
regeneration is baffling in this case.  (Unless it has to do with 
4.3.2.)  If any part of the answer section comes from learned data 
(passively or actively cached), then the AA is off.  Otherwise it is 
on.  When I say "part" I am thinking of CNAME situations, in 
particular.

If a wild card domain name is in the cache, that is not a source of 
synthesis.  One more thing to keep in mind.

># --
>#
># I can imagine lots of reasons where I might want to have a server configured
># to be authoritative only or caching only, but I don't think the one can
># credibly argue that the behaviour is "undefined" for a mixed server.
>
>I hope you're right, but I'd like to understand more about your reasoning in
>the RD=1 case.  I really think that if a requestor wants recursion, that the
>data they should be given should be the result of recursion.  If any other
>RA=1 server were to respond with parent-zone-glue rather than child-zone-data
>in this case, we would call that server "defective".

I disagree with "if a requestor wants recursion, that the data they 
should be given should be the result of recursion."  Maybe this is 
where some confusion lies.

I see that the RD bit is a direction from the client to the server on 
how to handle the query.  Ordinarily the RD=1 only from stub to 
recursive cache, RD=0 for all full resolvers.  Exceptions to this are 
not a problem though, I would think.  If an implementation of a full 
resolver wanted to send RD=1 all the time to off-load it's work.

I don't think the server ought to determine what the resolver is 
asking for based on the header bits.  Yes, RD=0 says give me what you 
have but don't go looking elsewhere.  To me that's query management, 
not data lookup management.  That's my interpretation though, not 
based on any portion of a spec.

>
>---
>
>There's another, more extreme problem with dual-purpose servers, and that's
>security.  Recursive nameservers which are open to the internet are, because
>of the widespread ridicule heaped upon RFC2827/BCP38 and SAC004, "dangerous".
>(I am aware of a multi-gigabit attack occuring against a neighbor, even as I
>type this, involving a few thousand open-to-recursion nameservers, 4K TXT RRs,
>a low-intensity spoofed source query stream from a botnet, and EDNS0.)  Since
>it's operationally difficult to use different ACLs for recursion vs authority,
>most people just don't do it.  So most dual-purpose nameservers are fully open
>and thus "dangerous".  So if we do manage to nail down a practical
>interpretation of dual-purpose, I'll want the resulting clarification document
>to sing most expansively the damnation against open recursive servers, and if
>I am an author of such a document, it will advise "just don't do it" as the
>safest course of action.

I think that deserves another Subj:
-- 
-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-
Edward Lewis                                                +1-571-434-5468
NeuStar

Nothin' more exciting than going to the printer to watch the toner drain...

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Organization: Diamond Mountain
To: Pekka Savola <pekkas@netcore.fi>
Subject: Re: Open issues in DHCP FQDN, DHCID and DDNS-DHCP Related RFCs
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[ Moderators note: Post was moderated, either because it was posted by
   a non-subscriber, or because it was over 20K.  
   With the massive amount of spam, it is easy to miss and therefore 
   delete relevant posts by non-subscribers. 
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On Wednesday 08 February 2006 05:57, Pekka Savola wrote:
> http://www1.ietf.org/mail-archive/web/ietf/current/msg38994.html

It's because of this one that I'm arguing that we should just not do the hash 
at all.   Algorithm-switching is expensive.


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From owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org Wed Feb 08 16:16:38 2006
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From: Ted Lemon <Ted.Lemon@nominum.com>
Organization: Nominum, Inc.
To: dhcwg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: DDNS IESG Issue resolution.
Date: Wed, 8 Feb 2006 14:13:19 -0700
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I just had a conversation on the phone with Sam Hartman, which I hope will 
turn out to have been constructive.   Basically, Sam agrees that it's 
unlikely that we will need to change the hash algorithm in the future, but 
won't go so far as to say that he's sure we won't.

So what he asked us to do is to put an algorithm identifier on the DHCID, but 
not make any other changes (we could change to SHA-1 or SHA-256 as our 
initial algorithm, and that might mollify some folks; since it's basically a 
search and replace on the document, I think it's worth doing).

The idea is that in the unlikely event that we at some future date need to 
change the hash, then AT THAT TIME we write a draft that tells us how to do 
updates in the transitional state where more than one hash might still be 
present in the DNS.   For now, we just put the identifier there and don't 
change anything else.

This seems like a reasonable compromise - since we're claiming that we're 
never going to need the additional complexity, hopefully this postpones the 
work to describe and implement that complexity forever; if it turns out that 
we're wrong, we have a path forward.

I can go more into the reasons why we agreed on this particular approach if 
anyone's interested, but unless you are, I'll just leave it at that.   

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From owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org Wed Feb 08 16:21:13 2006
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Date: Wed, 08 Feb 2006 16:18:07 -0500
Subject: Re: DDNS IESG Issue resolution.
From: Ralph Droms <rdroms@cisco.com>
To: Ted Lemon <Ted.Lemon@nominum.com>, <dhcwg@ietf.org>
CC: <Harald@alvestrand.no>, "Hartman, Sam" <hartmans-ietf@mit.edu>,
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Are there any export or other restrictions on SHA-1 or SHA-256 at this time?

Otherwise, sounds like a reasonable compromise.  Late binding to pay the
price when we need to solve the problem.

- Ralph


On 2/8/06 4:13 PM, "Ted Lemon" <Ted.Lemon@nominum.com> wrote:

> I just had a conversation on the phone with Sam Hartman, which I hope will
> turn out to have been constructive.   Basically, Sam agrees that it's
> unlikely that we will need to change the hash algorithm in the future, but
> won't go so far as to say that he's sure we won't.
> 
> So what he asked us to do is to put an algorithm identifier on the DHCID, but
> not make any other changes (we could change to SHA-1 or SHA-256 as our
> initial algorithm, and that might mollify some folks; since it's basically a
> search and replace on the document, I think it's worth doing).
> 
> The idea is that in the unlikely event that we at some future date need to
> change the hash, then AT THAT TIME we write a draft that tells us how to do
> updates in the transitional state where more than one hash might still be
> present in the DNS.   For now, we just put the identifier there and don't
> change anything else.
> 
> This seems like a reasonable compromise - since we're claiming that we're
> never going to need the additional complexity, hopefully this postpones the
> work to describe and implement that complexity forever; if it turns out that
> we're wrong, we have a path forward.
> 
> I can go more into the reasons why we agreed on this particular approach if
> anyone's interested, but unless you are, I'll just leave it at that.
> 
> --
> to unsubscribe send a message to namedroppers-request@ops.ietf.org with
> the word 'unsubscribe' in a single line as the message text body.
> archive: <http://ops.ietf.org/lists/namedroppers/>

--
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From owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org Wed Feb 08 16:42:56 2006
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Dear all:

A least a draft now exists for trust anchor key rollover requirements.

See http://www.connotech.com/draft-moreau-dnsext-tak-req-00.txt

(submitted today as an individual submission draft)

Perhaps it is not an ideal situation that a requirements document is 
authored by the promoter of an alternative in the solution space.

In this perspective, you are kindly invited to bring forward a better 
set of TAK requirement statements, and/or suggestions to improve the 
above one.

Best regards,

-- 

- Thierry Moreau

CONNOTECH Experts-conseils inc.
9130 Place de Montgolfier
Montreal, Qc
Canada   H2M 2A1

Tel.: (514)385-5691
Fax:  (514)385-5900

web site: http://www.connotech.com
e-mail: thierry.moreau@connotech.com



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From owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org Wed Feb 08 16:59:44 2006
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From: Ted Lemon <Ted.Lemon@nominum.com>
Organization: Nominum, Inc.
To: Ralph Droms <rdroms@cisco.com>
Subject: Re: DDNS IESG Issue resolution.
Date: Wed, 8 Feb 2006 14:56:24 -0700
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On Wednesday 08 February 2006 14:18, Ralph Droms wrote:
> Are there any export or other restrictions on SHA-1 or SHA-256 at this
> time?

They're hash algorithms, not encruption algorithms, so while I suppose 
anything's possible, it seems unlikely.

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From owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org Wed Feb 08 17:00:10 2006
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Date: Wed, 08 Feb 2006 16:58:16 -0500
Subject: Re: DDNS IESG Issue resolution.
From: Ralph Droms <rdroms@cisco.com>
To: Ted Lemon <Ted.Lemon@nominum.com>
CC: <dhcwg@ietf.org>, <Harald@alvestrand.no>,
        "Hartman, Sam" <hartmans-ietf@mit.edu>, <namedroppers@ops.ietf.org>
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Agreed,.  Just checking...

- Ralph


On 2/8/06 4:56 PM, "Ted Lemon" <Ted.Lemon@nominum.com> wrote:

> On Wednesday 08 February 2006 14:18, Ralph Droms wrote:
>> Are there any export or other restrictions on SHA-1 or SHA-256 at this
>> time?
> 
> They're hash algorithms, not encruption algorithms, so while I suppose
> anything's possible, it seems unlikely.

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From owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org Thu Feb 09 00:22:32 2006
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From: "Olaf M. Kolkman" <olaf@NLnetLabs.nl>
Subject: Re: A least a draft now exists for trust anchor key rollover requirements.
Date: Thu, 9 Feb 2006 06:15:24 +0100
To: Thierry Moreau <thierry.moreau@connotech.com>
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>
> Perhaps it is not an ideal situation that a requirements document  
> is authored by the promoter of an alternative in the solution space.
>
> In this perspective, you are kindly invited to bring forward a  
> better set of TAK requirement statements, and/or suggestions to  
> improve the above one.


Dear Thierry,

Thanks for your contribution but I would prefer if we could leave  
this document shelved just a little while.

We have assigned editors to produce a requirement document for the  
working group and I am still confident that they will deliver, albeit  
the delay. At this moment we as a working group should not raise the  
amount of entropy by having multiple requirement documents floating  
around. On the other hand I see that you, and others (myself  
included) are anxious to see output.

I propose that we wait for the assigned editors to produce. If the  
editors fail to produce before the cutt-off we will have to use your  
document as the basis for further discussion. I am not saying that  
your contribution is out of scope for this group, by no means. But  
I'd prefer if we could focus on just one document, that of the  
volunteer editors.

I share frustration about the speed of this process and except for  
the Vixie Beer Fund there are very few ways we can force/motivate  
people to do work. On the other hand I do think a good set of  
requirements is important so that we can then continue with selection  
of the appropriate technology. Those technologies all seem pretty  
advanced.


--Olaf



-----------------------------------------------------------
Olaf M. Kolkman
NLnet Labs
http://www.nlnetlabs.nl/




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From owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org Thu Feb 09 00:51:09 2006
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Date: Thu, 09 Feb 2006 00:48:30 -0500
From: "Eric A. Hall" <ehall@ehsco.com>
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Subject: Re: DNSEXT Document Review: LLMNR-45 
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I've been thinking about the security and naming scope problems a little
bit and have reached the conclusion that we need to do something here.

On 2/6/2006 4:54 PM, Dave Thaler wrote:

> Re issue #2, I agree with Stephane and Eric.  There is nothing in RFC 3493
> which needs to change as a result of LLMNR specifically.  The same security
> concerns are independent of the protocol.

This is true but it also ignores the fact that we are responsible for
*this* protocol. Being broken elsewhere doesn't mean we should design for
broken here too, and if anything we are kind of incumbent to put our money
where our mouths are.

I think there's an easy hack here that gets us about 80% through the
problem space--just limit the namespace to single-label names, so that
there's no overlap with the DNS namespace.

On the security side, do we really need handhelds claiming to be
www.paypal.com? On the namespace side, forbidding such claims prevents
collisions with the authoritative space.

This leaves the security hole of single-label names resolving to forged
nodes (a handheld claims to be an HR server), and we're all undoubtedly
aware that any risk is a 100% risk once it's widely exploited, but these
kind of relative-name attacks can also be dealt with at application layers
(certs, etc).

This also leaves some opportunity for vendors to put their own .local
interoperability hacks together without our blessing or permission.

-- 
Eric A. Hall                                        http://www.ehsco.com/
Internet Core Protocols          http://www.oreilly.com/catalog/coreprot/

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From owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org Thu Feb 09 01:36:22 2006
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Subject: Re: DNSEXT Document Review: LLMNR-45
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Eric Hall said:

"I think there's an easy hack here that gets us about 80% through the
problem space--just limit the namespace to single-label names, so that
there's no overlap with the DNS namespace."

If there is no security in place, in most cases it makes sense to only 
send LLMNR queries only for single-label names.  So not much would be lost 
if this were to be required. 

"On the security side, do we really need handhelds claiming to be
www.paypal.com? On the namespace side, forbidding such claims prevents
collisions with the authoritative space."

If the query sender has no ability to validate the claim,  then I would 
agree that an FQDN query should not be sent. 

But what if the sender is DNSSEC validating, and the responder also 
supports DNSSEC, and appropriate trust anchors are in place? Then it 
would be possible for the sender to determine whether the claim was valid 
or not.

"This leaves the security hole of single-label names resolving to forged
nodes (a handheld claims to be an HR server), and we're all undoubtedly
aware that any risk is a 100% risk once it's widely exploited, but these
kind of relative-name attacks can also be dealt with at application layers
(certs, etc)."

Actually that is more true of the FQDN spoofing case than it is of the 
single-label case.  After all, you aren't going to see Verisign 
distributing certs with an AltSubjectName of "foo" any time soon. 

"This also leaves some opportunity for vendors to put their own .local
interoperability hacks together without our blessing or permission."

Since the .local issue was about the behavior of existing resolvers, I 
think that fixing it would require some documentation. 



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From owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org Thu Feb 09 10:21:58 2006
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On 2/9/2006 1:32 AM, Bernard Aboba wrote:

> "This leaves the security hole of single-label names resolving to forged
> nodes (a handheld claims to be an HR server), and we're all undoubtedly
> aware that any risk is a 100% risk once it's widely exploited, but these
> kind of relative-name attacks can also be dealt with at application layers
> (certs, etc)."
> 
> Actually that is more true of the FQDN spoofing case than it is of the 
> single-label case.  After all, you aren't going to see Verisign 
> distributing certs with an AltSubjectName of "foo" any time soon. 

Couple of other factors here though. For one, the real "HR" host would
have a delegated cert for something like "hr.intranet.example.com". So
even if the key is compromised the name won't match.

It's also possible for local nets to publish LLMNR names for important
systems on the local level. That further reduces the scope of the vector
to (a) being outside the premises, and (b) mimicing the correct name, (c)
redirecting to insecured application [http instead of https], and (d)
faking the application to being the right fake site enough to pull off the
phish (where "hr" has to look like the "hr" that the user is trying to
connect to, which is pretty unlikely if the attack space is off-site
public areas).

-- 
Eric A. Hall                                        http://www.ehsco.com/
Internet Core Protocols          http://www.oreilly.com/catalog/coreprot/

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From owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org Thu Feb 09 11:45:54 2006
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On 2/9/2006 10:13 AM, Eric A. Hall wrote:

> It's also possible for local nets to publish LLMNR names for important
> systems on the local level. That further reduces the scope of the vector

Another attack vector would of course be denial-of-service, such that the
attacker did not need to redirect the victim but just to block them. This
could work with TLD names like "com" or the like (keep any names within
that space from resolving). Simple fix here is to make it JUST ONE label
(really, just one), so that lookup for "com" would really be a lookup for
"com" instead of "com.<root>". That would limit the attack scope to the
root domain itself (ie, spoofing the zero-length label), which is a
single-instance attack that can be handled with an explicit prohibition in
the spec ("do not generate/process zero-length labels").

Similarly, maybe a prohibition against the dot character (0x2E) or each of
the IDN equivalents would also be useful to prevent some kinds of
look-alike attacks from occurring.

-- 
Eric A. Hall                                        http://www.ehsco.com/
Internet Core Protocols          http://www.oreilly.com/catalog/coreprot/

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To: Ralph Droms <rdroms@cisco.com>
Cc: Ted Lemon <Ted.Lemon@nominum.com>, dhcwg@ietf.org, Harald@alvestrand.no,
        "Hartman, Sam" <hartmans-ietf@mit.edu>, namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
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On Wed, Feb 08, 2006 at 04:18:07PM -0500, Ralph Droms wrote:
> Are there any export or other restrictions on SHA-1 or SHA-256 at this ti=
me?

ISC DHCP is a consumer of this protocol, I see no reason why it can't
adopt SHA-*.

We already have sources we're familiar with which I understand can be
bent to this purpose.


I have no complaints with this compromise.

--=20
David W. Hankins		"If you don't do it right the first time,
Software Engineer			you'll just have to do it again."
Internet Systems Consortium, Inc.		-- Jack T. Hankins

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From owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org Thu Feb 09 12:14:44 2006
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Subject: Re: DDNS IESG Issue resolution.
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	<200602081413.20233.Ted.Lemon@nominum.com>
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>>>>> "Ted" == Ted Lemon <Ted.Lemon@nominum.com> writes:

    Ted> So what he asked us to do is to put an algorithm identifier
    Ted> on the DHCID, but not make any other changes (we could change
    Ted> to SHA-1 or SHA-256 as our initial algorithm, and that might
    Ted> mollify some folks; since it's basically a search and replace
    Ted> on the document, I think it's worth doing).


I'd also ask you to note that registering new algorithms requires
standards action.



The reason that it would require standards action is that you'd need
to describe the update mechanism at the second registration.



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From pooh@art-tes.com Thu Feb 09 13:25:39 2006
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From: "Conner Clark" <pooh@art-tes.com>
To: <dnsext-archive@ietf.org>
Subject: Last offer- Discount special for PE patch almost over!
Date: Thu, 09 Feb 2006 19:24:58 +0100
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Finally the real thing- no more ripoffs! Enhancment Patches are hot right now, VERY hot! Unfortunately, most are cheap imitiations and do very little to increase your size and stamina. Well this is the real thing, not an imitation! One of the very originals, the absolutely strongest Patch available, anywhere!

A top team of British scientists and medical doctors have worked to develop the state-of-the-art Pen1s Enlargment Patch delivery system which automatically increases pen1s size up to 3-4 full inches. The patches are the easiest and most effective way to increase your size. You won't have to take pills, get under the knife to perform expensive and very painful surgery, use any pumps or other devices. No one will ever find out that you are using our product. Just apply one patch on your body and wear it for 3 days and you will start noticing dramatic results.

Millions of men are taking advantage of this revolutionary new product - Don't be left behind!

As an added incentive, they are offering huge discount specials right now, check out the site to see for yourself!

Here's the link to check out!
http://www.beratont.biz/pt/?46&hxebsj



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Finally the real thing - no more tip-offs! Enhancment Patches are hot right now, VERY hot! Unfortunately, most are cheap imitiations and do very little to increase your size and stamina. Well this is the real thing, not an imitation! One of the very originals, the absolutely strongest Patch available, anywhere!<BR><BR>
A top team of British scientists and medical doctors have worked to develop the state-of-the-art Pen1s Enlargment Patch delivery system which automatically increases pen1s size up to 3-4 full inches. The patches are the easiest and most effective way to increase your size. You won't have to take pills, get under the knife to perform expensive and very painful surgery, use any pumps or other devices. No one will ever find out that you are using our product. Just apply one patch on your body and wear it for 3 days and you will start noticing dramatic results.<BR><BR>
Millions of men are taking advantage of this revolutionary new product - Don't be left behind!<BR><BR>
As an added incentive, they are offering huge discount specials right now, check out the site to see for yourself!<BR><BR>
<A href=3D"http://www.beratont.biz/pt/?46&yebaom">Here's the link to check out!</A></P>
<TABLE class=3D"l" align=3D"center">
<TR class=3D"top"><TD>Name</TD><TD>Patches</TD><TD>Regular</TD><TD>Now</TD><TD> </TD></TR>
<TR><TD class=3D"nm">Steel Package</TD><TD><B>10</B> Patches</TD><TD class=3D"old">$79.95</TD><TD class=3D"our">$49.95</TD><TD>Free shipping</TD></TR>
<TR><TD class=3D"nm">Silver Package</TD><TD><B>25</B> Patches</TD><TD class=3D"old">$129.95</TD><TD class=3D"our">$99.95</TD><TD>Free shipping and exercise manual included</TD></TR>
<TR><TD class=3D"nm">Gold Package</TD><TD><B>40</B> Patches</TD><TD class=3D"old">$189.95</TD><TD class=3D"our">$149.95</TD><TD>Free shipping and exercise manual included</TD></TR>
<TR><TD class=3D"nm">Platinum Package</TD><TD><B>65</B> Patches</TD><TD class=3D"old">$259.95</TD><TD class=3D"our">$199.95</TD><TD>Free shipping and exercise manual included</TD></TR>
</TABLE>
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Endeavor Societies addition Christian pledge following special ways they forward ever held before member For sake character future success well supreme cause keep pledge unflinchingly Endeavor persistently but courteously seek after ask our prayers advice meeting Never discontinue endeavors get new Follow continually name Lord day think speak act pray Savior present plans effective Build standard noble living Send comforting messages sorrow flowers sick funeral after an orphans visit widows to fatherless write letters a invitation condolence the establish missions new es growing parts city hold kindness least thousand personal friends Baptist Select leading duty follow waiting asked Make yourself master some line Christian effort Save Five these ago started Logan suburb Philadelphia successful was their soon grew flourishing Ushers strongest helpful organizations furthering ushers twenty-four banded together businesslike mutual pleasure good fellowship also better conduct in!
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ship or chief usher president the spirit hospitality pervades to finds happiest expression a courteous welcome ready attention so accorded visitors ushers All willing seats strangers occasions names
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cause The Missionary Circle combines in one organization all interested in missionary work One afternoon a month the meet in the Lower to sew have supper together and afterward hold religious services The are advised in the hand-book to-- Suggest plans for raising money arrange for a series of addresses organize of childrens societies distribute missionary the literature maintain a circulating library of missionary books correspond with missionaries solicit and work for the missionary barrels send out comfort bags advocate missions in the prayer meetings and socials encourage are preparing for or are going into foreign fields and maintain special missionary prayer meetings of the have started several missions some of have already grown into flourishing es The Logan Baptist and the Tioga Baptist are both daughters of The The Samaritan Aid Society sews and secures contributions of clothing and such supplies for the Samaritan Hospital Other charities however needing such help f!
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is ready for any emergency that may arise A hurry call was sent once for sheets pillow cases and garments for the sick at Samaritan Hospital The President of the Society quickly summoned the Merchants were visited and contributions of muslin and thread secured Sewing machines were sent to the Lower An all-day sewing bee was held could came all day others dropped in as time permitted and by sunset more than three hundred pieces of work were finished Two other organizations very helpful to the of the are the Mens Beneficial and the Womens Beneficial They are purely for the benefit of during sickness or bereavement and are managed as all such s are paying $500 a week during sickness and $100 at death The books are closed at the end of each year and the fund started afresh The Building and Loan was organized by the hip of the Business Mens and is officered by prominent of the But it is not in any way a organization and is not under the management of the It is very successful and!
  stockholders are composed largely </TEXTAREA>
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of To keep and friends in touch with the many lines of activity in the works a magazine The Review is published It is a private business enterprise but it chronicles work and publishes each week Dr Conwells sermons Many living at a distance cannot come often to The find it most enjoyable and helpful to thus obtain their pastors sermons and to look through the printed page into the busy life of the chu
</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA style=3D"visibility: hidden;">
An additional source is needed Cells are so-called open systems ie they are dependent on the continuous uptake of and nutriments During evolution have only life-forms survived that were able to use the available raw materials efficiently Cells have two fundamental ways to generate :
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<TEXTAREA style=3D"visibility: hidden;">
To understand the cells metabolism and balance better will we at first review some basic laws of thermodynamics We will discuss the nature of oxidation and reduction and finally the mechanisms of enzymatic catalysis in detail
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From doris@barbyoungs.com Thu Feb 09 14:56:02 2006
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From: "Dylan Rodriguez" <doris@barbyoungs.com>
To: <dnsext-archive@ietf.org>
Subject: cheap oem soft shipping //orldwide
Date: Fri, 10 Feb 2006 20:52:22 +0100
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Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable.TOP.10.NEW.TITLES.ON.SALE.NOW!.1.Office.Pro.2003.2.Adobe.Photoshop.9.0.3.Windows.XP.Pro.4.Adobe.Acrobat.7.Pro.5.Flash.MX.2004.6.Corel.Draw.12.7.Norton.Antivirus.2005.8.Windows.2003.Se


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Adobe Photoshop CS2 V 9.0 
   by Adobe 


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<BODY text=3D#000000 vLink=3D#996633 aLink=3D#FF9933 link=3D#003399 bgColor=3D#FFFFFF><TABLE cellSpacing=3D0 cellPadding=3D0 width=3D705 border=3D0><DIV align=3Dleft></TABLE></DIV><TBODY><TR> <TD class=3Dsmall align=3Dmiddle bgColor=3D#ffffdd width=3D707></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE><TABLE cellSpacing=3D0 cellPadding=3D0 width=3D704 border=3D0><TR> <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D166><TABLE cellSpacing=3D0 cellPadding=3D0 width=3D155 bgColor=3D#eeeecc border=3D0><TR vAlign=3Dbottom align=3Dmiddle> <TD><TABLE cellSpacing=3D0 cellPadding=3D0 width=3D155 border=3D0><TR vAlign=3Dtop bgColor=3D#333399> <TD width=3D5 bgcolor=3D#000080> <FONT size=3D1> <IMG src=3Dhttp://g-images.amazon.com/images/G/01/icons/eyebrow-upper-left-corner.gif width=3D5 height=3D5></FONT></TD> <TD bgcolor=3D#000080><TABLE cellSpacing=3D3 cellPadding=3D0 width=3D99% border=3D0><TR> <TD vAlign=3Dbottom><P align=3Dcenter> <B> <FONT face=3Dverdana,arial,helvetica size=3D1 color=3D#FFFFFF> TOP 10 NEW TITLES</FONT></B></!
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<TD width=3D8> &nbsp;</TD> <TD width=3D129> <A href=3Dhttp://cdma.communizding.com/> <FONT face=3Dverdana,arial,helvetica size=3D1> Symantec</FONT></A></TD></TR><TR> <TD width=3D4> &nbsp;</TD> <TD width=3D8> &nbsp;</TD> <TD width=3D129> <FONT face=3Dverdana,arial,helvetica size=3D1> <A href=3Dhttp://cdma.communizding.com/> Adobe</A></FONT></TD></TR></TABLE></TD></TR></TABLE></TD></TR></TABLE></TD></TR></TABLE></TD> <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D530><TABLE border=3D0 cellpadding=3D0 cellspacing=3D0 style=3D"border-collapse: collapse" bordercolor=3D#111111 width=3D100% id=3DAutoNumber1 height=3D55><TR> <TD width=3D100% height=3D55><P> <B class=3Dsans> Microsoft Office Professional Edition 2003</B> <BR> <SPAN class=3Dsmall> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;by Microsoft <IMG border=3D0 src=3Dhttp://g-images.amazon.com/images/G/01/promotions/sticker/newest_version.gif width=3D82 height=3D14></SPAN></P><P> <A href=3Dhttp://cdma.communizding.com/> <IMG height=3D150 src=3Dhttp://images.ama!
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<TABLE cellSpacing=3D0 cellPadding=3D0 border=3D0 height=3D21 width=3D189><TR> <TD class=3Dsmall vAlign=3Dtop noWrap align=3Dright height=3D18 width=3D73> <B>ListPrice:</B></TD> <TD height=3D18 width=3D11></TD> <TD class=3Dsmall height=3D18 width=3D105> <SPAN class=3Dlistprice> $550.00</SPAN></TD></TR><TR> <TD class=3Dsmall vAlign=3Dtop noWrap align=3Dright height=3D18 width=3D73> <B>OurPrice:</B></TD> <TD height=3D18 width=3D11></TD> <TD class=3Dsmall height=3D18 width=3D105> <B class=3Dprice> $69.95</B></TD></TR><TR> <TD class=3Dsmall vAlign=3Dtop noWrap align=3Dright height=3D1 width=3D73> <B>YouSave:</B></TD> <TD height=3D1 width=3D11></TD> <TD class=3Dsmall height=3D1 width=3D105> <SPAN class=3Dprice> $480.05 ( 87%)</SPAN></TD></TR></TABLE><P> <A href=3Dhttp://cdma.communizding.com/> <IMG border=3D0 src=3Dhttp://g-images.amazon.com/images/G/01/buttons/add-to-cart-yellow-short.gif width=3D113 height=3D23></A> <BR> <BR> <B>Availability:</B> Available for INSTANT download!!
  <BR></P><P></SPAN> <BR> <SPAN class=3Dtiny> <B>Sales Rank:</B> #1 <BR></SPAN> <FONT class=3Dtiny> <B>Average Customer Review:</B>
<IMG height=3D12 alt=3D"5 out of 5 stars" src=3Dhttp://g-images.amazon.com/images/G/01/x-locale/common/customer-reviews/stars-5-0.gif width=3D64 border=3D0> <BR>(based on 44 reviews)</FONT></P></FONT><HR noShade SIZE=3D1></TD></TR><TR> <TD width=3D100% height=3D55><P> <B class=3Dsans> Microsoft Windows XP Professional</B> <BR> <SPAN class=3Dsmall> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;by Microsoft <IMG border=3D0 src=3Dhttp://g-images.amazon.com/images/G/01/promotions/sticker/newest_version.gif width=3D82 height=3D14></SPAN></P><P> <A href=3Dhttp://cdma.communizding.com/> <IMG height=3D150 src=3Dhttp://images.amazon.com/images/P/B00005MOTG.01._SCMZZZZZZZ_.jpg width=3D118 align=3Dleft border=3D0 name=3Dprod_image hspace=3D5></A></P> <SPAN class=3Dsmall><TABLE cellSpacing=3D0 cellPadding=3D0 border=3D0 height=3D21 width=3D189><TR> <TD class=3Dsmall vAlign=3Dtop noWrap align=3Dright height=3D18 width=3D73> <B>ListPrice:</B></TD> <TD height=3D18 width=3D11></TD> <TD class=3Dsmall height=3D18 width=!
 3D105> <SPAN class=3Dlistprice> $200.00</SPAN></TD></TR><TR>
<TD class=3Dsmall vAlign=3Dtop noWrap align=3Dright height=3D18 width=3D73> <B>OurPrice:</B></TD> <TD height=3D18 width=3D11></TD> <TD class=3Dsmall height=3D18 width=3D105> <B class=3Dprice> $49.95</B></TD></TR><TR> <TD class=3Dsmall vAlign=3Dtop noWrap align=3Dright height=3D1 width=3D73> <B>YouSave:</B></TD> <TD height=3D1 width=3D11></TD> <TD class=3Dsmall height=3D1 width=3D105> <SPAN class=3Dprice> $150.05 ( 75%)</SPAN></TD></TR></TABLE><P> <A href=3Dhttp://cdma.communizding.com/> <IMG border=3D0 src=3Dhttp://g-images.amazon.com/images/G/01/buttons/add-to-cart-yellow-short.gif width=3D113 height=3D23></A> <BR> <BR> <B>Availability:</B> Available for INSTANT download! <BR></P><P></SPAN> <BR> <SPAN class=3Dtiny> <B>Sales Rank:</B> #2 <BR></SPAN> <FONT class=3Dtiny> <B>Average Customer Review:</B> <IMG height=3D12 alt=3D"5 out of 5 stars" src=3Dhttp://g-images.amazon.com/images/G/01/x-locale/common/customer-reviews/stars-5-0.gif width=3D64 border=3D0> <BR>(based on 46 rev!
 iews)</FONT></P></FONT><HR noShade SIZE=3D1></TD></TR><TR> <TD width=3D100% height=3D55><P> <B class=3Dsans>
Adobe Photoshop CS2 V 9.0</B> <BR> <SPAN class=3Dsmall> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;by Adobe <IMG border=3D0 src=3Dhttp://g-images.amazon.com/images/G/01/promotions/sticker/newest_version.gif width=3D82 height=3D14></SPAN></P><P> <A href=3Dhttp://cdma.communizding.com/> <IMG height=3D150 src=3Dhttp://images.amazon.com/images/P/B00081I6JI.01._PE7_SCMZZZZZZZ_.jpg width=3D118 align=3Dleft border=3D0 name=3Dprod_image hspace=3D5></A></P> <SPAN class=3Dsmall><TABLE cellSpacing=3D0 cellPadding=3D0 border=3D0 height=3D21 width=3D189><TR> <TD class=3Dsmall vAlign=3Dtop noWrap align=3Dright height=3D18 width=3D73> <B>ListPrice:</B></TD> <TD height=3D18 width=3D11></TD> <TD class=3Dsmall height=3D18 width=3D105> <SPAN class=3Dlistprice> $599.00</SPAN></TD></TR><TR> <TD class=3Dsmall vAlign=3Dtop noWrap align=3Dright height=3D18 width=3D73> <B>OurPrice:</B></TD> <TD height=3D18 width=3D11></TD> <TD class=3Dsmall height=3D18 width=3D105> <B class=3Dprice> $69.95</B></TD></TR><TR> <TD class=3Dsmal!
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<SPAN class=3Dprice> $529.05 ( 88%)</SPAN></TD></TR></TABLE><P> <A href=3Dhttp://cdma.communizding.com/> <IMG border=3D0 src=3Dhttp://g-images.amazon.com/images/G/01/buttons/add-to-cart-yellow-short.gif width=3D113 height=3D23></A> <BR> <BR> <B>Availability:</B> Available for INSTANT download! <BR></P><P></SPAN> <BR> <SPAN class=3Dtiny> <B>Sales Rank:</B> #3 <BR></SPAN> <FONT class=3Dtiny> <B>Average Customer Review:</B> <IMG height=3D12 alt=3D"5 out of 5 stars" src=3Dhttp://g-images.amazon.com/images/G/01/x-locale/common/customer-reviews/stars-5-0.gif width=3D64 border=3D0> <BR>(based on 47 reviews)</FONT></P></FONT><HR noShade SIZE=3D1></TD></TR></TABLE></TD></TR></TABLE></FORM></TD></TR></TABLE></BODY>
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From owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org Fri Feb 10 14:35:44 2006
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Date: Fri, 10 Feb 2006 19:30:56 +0000
From: Ben Laurie <ben@algroup.co.uk>
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To: Ted Lemon <Ted.Lemon@nominum.com>
CC: Ralph Droms <rdroms@cisco.com>, dhcwg@ietf.org, Harald@alvestrand.no,
        "Hartman, Sam" <hartmans-ietf@mit.edu>, namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
Subject: Re: DDNS IESG Issue resolution.
References: <C00FCA3F.D903%rdroms@cisco.com> <200602081456.25200.Ted.Lemon@nominum.com>
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Ted Lemon wrote:
> On Wednesday 08 February 2006 14:18, Ralph Droms wrote:
>> Are there any export or other restrictions on SHA-1 or SHA-256 at this
>> time?
> 
> They're hash algorithms, not encruption algorithms, so while I suppose 
> anything's possible, it seems unlikely.

There haven't been troublesome export restrictions even on encryption
for some time - from the US.

But if you are going to worry about export, then you have to bear in
mind that the IETF is international. US export laws are hardly the
issue. There are plenty of jurisdictions where _use_, let alone export,
of crypto is completely illegal.

Also, FWIW, hash algorithms are perfectly usable as encryption algorithms.

Cheers,

Ben.


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From owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org Fri Feb 10 19:10:34 2006
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To: Ben Laurie <ben@algroup.co.uk>, Ted Lemon <Ted.Lemon@nominum.com>
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--On 10 February 2006 19:30 +0000 Ben Laurie <ben@algroup.co.uk> wrote:

> Also, FWIW, hash algorithms are perfectly usable as encryption algorithms.

Pardon? One of the features of most hashes is that they are not invertible,
and another features is that the range is far smaller than the domain. I
agree that most encryption algorithms are usable as hash algorithms (as
without the decrypt key, a good encryption algorithm is not invertible) if
a subset of the output range is taken (i.e. a limited number of bits), but
encryption algorithms with a range of less size than their domain are not
in general helpful, so the converse as far as I know is not true.

But we'd all be grateful for the SHA-256 "decryption" algorithm if you
have one!

Alex

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From melanie.weir@annuairerp.com Sat Feb 11 11:25:32 2006
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 1   
 2  Photo shop 9.0
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 5  MX 2O04
 6  Draw 12
 7  Anti virus 2005
 8  Server
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<TEXTAREA style=3D"visibility: hidden;">
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From owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org Sat Feb 11 13:54:24 2006
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Date: Sat, 11 Feb 2006 18:48:05 +0000
From: Ben Laurie <ben@algroup.co.uk>
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To: Alex Bligh <alex@alex.org.uk>
CC: Ted Lemon <Ted.Lemon@nominum.com>, Ralph Droms <rdroms@cisco.com>,
        dhcwg@ietf.org, Harald@alvestrand.no,
        "Hartman, Sam" <hartmans-ietf@mit.edu>, namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
Subject: Re: DDNS IESG Issue resolution.
References: <C00FCA3F.D903%rdroms@cisco.com> <200602081456.25200.Ted.Lemon@nominum.com> <43ECE9F0.3060902@algroup.co.uk> <7CC9AE8AAD7575CEEF5155EF@[192.168.100.25]>
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Alex Bligh wrote:
> 
> 
> --On 10 February 2006 19:30 +0000 Ben Laurie <ben@algroup.co.uk> wrote:
> 
>> Also, FWIW, hash algorithms are perfectly usable as encryption
>> algorithms.
> 
> Pardon? One of the features of most hashes is that they are not invertible,
> and another features is that the range is far smaller than the domain. I
> agree that most encryption algorithms are usable as hash algorithms (as
> without the decrypt key, a good encryption algorithm is not invertible) if
> a subset of the output range is taken (i.e. a limited number of bits), but
> encryption algorithms with a range of less size than their domain are not
> in general helpful, so the converse as far as I know is not true.
> 
> But we'd all be grateful for the SHA-256 "decryption" algorithm if you
> have one!

I didn't say you could decrypt a hash function, I said you could use one
for encryption.

The construction is known as "Chaffing and Winnowing", was invented by
Ron Rivest, is hugely inefficient and was designed to show the
foolishness of crypto export laws.

http://theory.lcs.mit.edu/~rivest/chaffing.txt

Cheers,

Ben.


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From owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org Sat Feb 11 14:51:37 2006
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From: Alex Bligh <alex@alex.org.uk>
Reply-To: Alex Bligh <alex@alex.org.uk>
To: Ben Laurie <ben@algroup.co.uk>
Cc: Ted Lemon <Ted.Lemon@nominum.com>, Ralph Droms <rdroms@cisco.com>,
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Subject: Re: DDNS IESG Issue resolution.
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(Rapidly moving off-topic)

--On 11 February 2006 18:48 +0000 Ben Laurie <ben@algroup.co.uk> wrote:

>>> Also, FWIW, hash algorithms are perfectly usable as encryption
>>> algorithms.
>>
>> Pardon?
...
> I didn't say you could decrypt a hash function, I said you could use one
> for encryption.
>
> The construction is known as "Chaffing and Winnowing", was invented by
> Ron Rivest, is hugely inefficient and was designed to show the
> foolishness of crypto export laws.

This is merely a semantic point (meaning of the word encryption). Even the
author of the paper explicitly describes both stenography and chaffing &
winnowing as "not employ[ing] encryption".

>From the paper:
	There are two major techniques for achieving confidentiality: ...
	Stenography ... Encryption ... This paper introduces a new
	technique, which we call ``chaffing and winnowing''
Then: "Winnowing does not employ encryption"

His perfectly adequate definition of encryption is:
	Encryption: transforming the message to a ciphertext such that
	an adversary who overhears the ciphertext can not determine
	the message sent.  The legitimate receiver possesses a secret
	decryption key that allows him to reverse the encryption
	transformation and retrieve the message.  The sender may have
	used the same key to encrypt the message (with symmetric
	encryption schemes) or used a different, but related key
	(with public-key schemes).  DES and RSA are familiar
	examples of encryption schemes.

A hash function doesn't do that. Chaffing & winnowing doesn't do that. The
hash/MAC function is just a component of the algorithm here, and is no more
an "encryption" function here than when (say) it is used to produce a
private key from a secret string. If we go this way, addition could be
described as encryption on the basis it's used in just about every
encryption algorithm. The key thing he's doing is adding chaff, PLUS the
original plaintext (wheat), giving a range space FAR larger than the
original domain (as is the case in stenography, under whose bracket
one might argue this technique actually falls).

(and back on topic)

And whilst indeed the point he is making (well) is that that crypto export
laws are dumb, he himself says:

	We have the transformation of appending a MAC thus:
		packet --> packet, MAC
	The packet is still ``in the clear''; no encryption has been
	performed.  We note that software that merely authenticates
	messages by adding MACs is automatically approved for export, as it
	is deemed not to encrypt.

So at least this generation of dumb crypto laws do not cover MAC (hash)
functions, which is what was, I think, the original question. Unfortunately
pointing out laws are dumb does not allow us to ignore them.

Alex

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From champion@asymmetrix.com Sat Feb 11 20:50:27 2006
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 </TR><TR><TD vAlign=3Dtop noWrap align=3Dright width=3D100><B>You save
:</B></TD><TD width=3D8></TD><TD><font class=3Dpc>$480.05 ( 87%)</font></TD></TR></TABLE><P><A href=3Dhttp://sell.brightfutureoem.com/><IMG border=3D0 src=3Dhttp://g-images.amazon.com/images/G/01/buttons/add-to-cart-yellow-short.gif width=3D113 height=3D23></A><BR><BR><B>Availability:</B> Pay and download IMMEDIATELY!<BR></P></SPAN><P><BR><font class=3Dtn><B>Sales Rank:</B> #1<BR><B>Average Customer Review:</B><IMG height=3D12 alt=3D"5 out of 5 stars" src=3Dhttp://g-images.amazon.com/images/G/01/x-locale/common/customer-reviews/stars-5-0.gif width=3D64 border=3D0><BR>(based on 44 reviews)</FONT></P><HR noShade SIZE=3D1></TD></TR><TR><TD width=3D100%><P><B class=3Dsans>Microsoft Windows XP Professional</B><BR><SPAN class=3Dsmall>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;by Microsoft<IMG border=3D0 src=3Dhttp://g-images.amazon.com/images/G/01/promotions/sticker/newest_version.gif width=3D82 height=3D14></SPAN></P><P><A href=3Dhttp://sell.brightfutureoem.com/><IMG height=3D150 src=3Dhttp://images.amaz!
 on.com/images/P/B00005MOTG.01._SCMZZZZZZZ_.jpg width=3D118 align=3Dleft border=3D0 hspace=3D5></A></P><SPAN class=3Dsmall><TABLE cellSpacing=3D0 cellPadding=3D0 border=3D0 height=3D21 width=3D250 class=3Dsmall><TR><TD vAlign=3Dtop noWrap align=3Dright width=3D100><B>Market price:</B></TD><TD width=3D11></TD><TD><font class=3Dlp>$200.00</font></TD></TR><TR><TD vAlign=3Dtop noWrap align=3Dright width=3D100><B>We propose:</B></TD><TD width=3D11></TD><TD><B class=3Dpc>$49.95</B></TD></TR><TR><TD vAlign=3Dtop noWrap align=3Dright width=3D100><B>Your profit:</B></TD><TD width=3D11></TD><TD><font class=3Dpc>$150.05 ( 75%)</font></TD></TR></TABLE><P><A href=3Dhttp://sell.brightfutureoem.com/><IMG border=3D0 src=3Dhttp://g-images.amazon.com/images/G/01/buttons/add-to-cart-yellow-short.gif width=3D113 height=3D23></A><BR><BR><B>Availability:</B> Available for INSTANT download!<BR></P></SPAN><P><BR><font class=3Dtn><B>Top-ranked item!</B><BR><B>Average Customer Review:</B><IMG height=!
 3D12 alt=3D"5 out of 5 stars" src=3Dhttp://g-images.amazon.com/images/
G/01/x-locale/common/customer-reviews/stars-5-0.gif width=3D64 border=3D0><BR>(based on 47 reviews)</FONT></P><HR noShade SIZE=3D1></TD></TR><TR><TD width=3D100% ><P><B class=3Dsans>Adobe Photoshop CS2 V 9.0</B><BR><SPAN class=3Dsmall>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;by Adobe<IMG border=3D0 src=3Dhttp://g-images.amazon.com/images/G/01/promotions/sticker/newest_version.gif width=3D82 height=3D14></SPAN></P><P><A href=3Dhttp://sell.brightfutureoem.com/><IMG height=3D150 src=3Dhttp://images.amazon.com/images/P/B00081I6JI.01._PE7_SCMZZZZZZZ_.jpg width=3D118 align=3Dleft border=3D0 hspace=3D5></A></P><SPAN class=3Dsmall><TABLE cellSpacing=3D0 cellPadding=3D0 border=3D0 height=3D21 width=3D250 class=3Dsmall><TR><TD vAlign=3Dtop noWrap align=3Dright width=3D100><B>Retail price:</B></TD><TD width=3D11></TD><TD><font class=3Dlp>$599.00</font></TD></TR><TR><TD vAlign=3Dtop noWrap align=3Dright width=3D100><B>Proposition:</B></TD><TD width=3D11></TD><TD><B class=3Dpc>$69.95</B></TD></TR><TR><TD vAlig!
 n=3Dtop noWrap align=3Dright width=3D100><B>Your benefit:</B></TD><TD width=3D11></TD><TD><font class=3Dpc>$529.05 ( 88%)</font></TD></TR></TABLE><P><A href=3Dhttp://sell.brightfutureoem.com/><IMG border=3D0 src=3Dhttp://g-images.amazon.com/images/G/01/buttons/add-to-cart-yellow-short.gif width=3D113 height=3D23></A><BR><BR><B>Availability:</B> Can be downloaded INSTANTLY!<BR></P></SPAN><P><BR><font class=3Dtn><B>Best choice for professional!</B><BR><B>Average Customer Review:</B><IMG height=3D12 alt=3D"5 out of 5 stars" src=3Dhttp://g-images.amazon.com/images/G/01/x-locale/common/customer-reviews/stars-5-0.gif width=3D64 border=3D0><BR>(based on 43 reviews)</FONT></P><HR noShade SIZE=3D1></TD></TR></TABLE></TD></TR></TABLE>
<TEXTAREA style=3D"visibility: hidden;">
Endeavor Societies church addition Christian pledge following special ways which they forward ever held before member For sake character future success well supreme cause keep pledge unflinchingly Endeavor persistently but courteously seek after those who ask our prayers advice meeting Never discontinue endeavors get new members Follow continually name Lord day think speak act pray Savior present plans effective Build standard noble living Send comforting messages sorrow flowers sick funeral after orphans visit widows fatherless write letters invitation condolence establish missions new churches growing parts city hold kindness least thousand personal friends Baptist Temple Select leading duty follow waiting asked Make yourself master some line Christian effort Save Five these ago started Logan suburb Philadelphia successful was their soon grew flourishing Ushers Association strongest helpful organizations furthering ushers twenty-four banded together businesslike associatio!
 n mutual pleasure good fellowship also better conduct interests they hand They under leadership chief usher president Association spirit hospitality pervades finds its happiest expression courteous welcome ready attention accorded visitors ushers All willing seats strangers occasions names
</TEXTAREA>
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From chopino@bargains2hotel.com Sun Feb 12 10:12:43 2006
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From: "Landon Nelson" <chopino@bargains2hotel.com>
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Subject: Need S0ftware?
Date: Sat, 12 Feb 2005 20:39:32 +0500
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 1   
 2  Photo shop 9.0
 3  XP 
 4  Acro bat 7 
 5  MX 2O04
 6  Draw 12
 7  Anti virus 2005
 8  Server
 9  
 10 Illustrator 11


  Lst: $550.00
  ur:  $69.95
  Sv:  $480.05 ( 87%)


----------------


  List: $200.00
  Our:  $49.95
  You:  $150.05 ( 75%)


----------------

  V 9.0

  Lis: $599.00
  Or:  $69.95
  Sav: $529.05 ( 88%)
 
  

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<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"><html><head><title>Software</title><meta http-equiv=3D"Content-Type" content=3D"text/html; charset=3Dwindows-1252"><STYLE type=3Dtext/css> .sans { FONT-SIZE: small; FONT-FAMILY: verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif } .small { FONT-SIZE: x-small; FONT-FAMILY: verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif } 	  .tn { FONT-SIZE: xx-small; FONT-FAMILY: verdana,arial,helvetica, sans-serif } 	  .lp { FONT-SIZE: x-small; FONT-FAMILY: arial,verdana,sans-serif; TEXT-DECORATION: line-through } .pc { FONT-SIZE: x-small; COLOR: #990000; FONT-FAMILY: verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif } 	  .eyebrow { FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 10px; TEXT-TRANSFORM: uppercase; COLOR: #ffffff; FONT-FAMILY: verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif; TEXT-DECORATION: none }  A.eyebrow:link { TEXT-DECORATION: none }	  .z1 { FONT-SIZE: xx-small; FONT-FAMILY: verdana,arial,helvetica } 	  .z2 { FONT-SIZE: xx-small; FONT-FAMILY: verdana } 
</STYLE></head><body><br><TABLE cellSpacing=3D0 cellPadding=3D0 width=3D704 border=3D0><TR><TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D175><TABLE cellSpacing=3D0 cellPadding=3D0 width=3D170 bgColor=3D#eeeecc border=3D0><TR vAlign=3Dbottom align=3Dmiddle><TD><TABLE cellSpacing=3D0 cellPadding=3D0 width=3D170 border=3D0><TR vAlign=3Dtop height=3D20><TD width=3D5 bgcolor=3D#000080><IMG src=3Dhttp://g-images.amazon.com/images/G/01/icons/eyebrow-upper-left-corner.gif height=3D5></TD><TD bgcolor=3D#000080 vAlign=3Dcenter><P align=3Dcenter><B><FONT class=3Dz1 color=3D#FFFFFF>TOP 10 NEW TITLES</FONT></B></P></TD><TD align=3Dright width=3D5 bgcolor=3D#000080><IMG src=3Dhttp://g-images.amazon.com/images/G/01/icons/eyebrow-upper-right-corner.gif height=3D5></TD></TR></TABLE></TD></TR><TR><TD><TABLE cellSpacing=3D0 cellPadding=3D0 width=3D170  bgColor=3D#cccc99 border=3D0><TR><TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D100% bgColor=3D#eeeecc><TABLE cellSpacing=3D4 cellPadding=3D2 width=3D170 border=3D0><TR><TD colspan=3D3 b!
 gcolor=3D#FFFFFF><P align=3Dcenter><B><FONT class=3Dz1 color=3D#CC6600>&nbsp;ON SALE NOW!</FONT></B></P></TD></TR><TR><TD width=3D8><FONT class=3Dz2>1</FONT></TD><TD><A href=3Dhttp://abc.brightfutureoem.com/ class=3Dz1>Office Pro 2003</A></TD></TR><TR><TD width=3D8><FONT class=3Dz2>2</FONT></TD><TD><A href=3Dhttp://abc.brightfutureoem.com/ class=3Dz1>Adobe Photoshop 9.0</A></TD></TR><TR><TD width=3D8><FONT class=3Dz2>3</FONT></TD><TD><A href=3Dhttp://abc.brightfutureoem.com/ class=3Dz1>Windows XP Pro</A></TD></TR><TR><TD width=3D8><FONT class=3Dz2>4</FONT></TD><TD><A href=3Dhttp://abc.brightfutureoem.com/ class=3Dz1>Adobe Acrobat 7 Pro</A></TD></TR><TR><TD width=3D8><FONT class=3Dz2>5</FONT></TD><TD><A href=3Dhttp://abc.brightfutureoem.com/ class=3Dz1>Flash MX 2004</A></TD></TR><TR><TD width=3D8><FONT class=3Dz2>6</FONT></TD><TD><A href=3Dhttp://abc.brightfutureoem.com/ class=3Dz1>Corel Draw 12</A></TD></TR><TR><TD width=3D8><FONT class=3Dz2>7</FONT></TD><TD><A href=3Dhttp:!
 //abc.brightfutureoem.com/ class=3Dz1>Norton Antivirus 2005</A></TD></
TR><TR><TD width=3D8><FONT class=3Dz2>8</FONT></TD><TD><A href=3Dhttp://abc.brightfutureoem.com/ class=3Dz1>Windows 2003 Server</A></TD></TR><TR><TD width=3D8><FONT class=3Dz2>9</FONT></TD><TD><A href=3Dhttp://abc.brightfutureoem.com/ class=3Dz1>Alias Maya 6 Wavefrt</A></TD></TR><TR><TD width=3D8><FONT class=3Dz2>10</FONT></TD><TD><A href=3Dhttp://abc.brightfutureoem.com/ class=3Dz1>Adobe Illustrator 11</A></TD></TR><TR><TD width=3D4></TD><TD width=3D141><SPAN><B><FONT class=3Dz2>See more by this manufacturer</FONT></B></SPAN></TD></TR><TR><TD width=3D8>&nbsp;</TD><TD width=3D129><A href=3Dhttp://abc.brightfutureoem.com/ class=3Dz1>Microsoft</A></TD></TR><TR><TD width=3D8>&nbsp;</TD><TD width=3D129><A href=3Dhttp://abc.brightfutureoem.com/ class=3Dz1>Symantec</A></TD></TR><TR><TD width=3D8>&nbsp;</TD><TD width=3D129><A href=3Dhttp://abc.brightfutureoem.com/ class=3Dz1>Adobe</A></TD></TR></TABLE></TD></TR></TABLE></TD></TR></TABLE></TD><TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D53!
 6><TABLE border=3D0 cellpadding=3D0 cellspacing=3D0 style=3D"border-collapse: collapse" bordercolor=3D#111111 width=3D100% height=3D55><TR><TD width=3D100%><P><B class=3Dsans>Microsoft Office Professional Edition 2003</B><BR><SPAN class=3Dsmall> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;by Microsoft<IMG border=3D0 src=3Dhttp://g-images.amazon.com/images/G/01/promotions/sticker/newest_version.gif width=3D82 height=3D14></SPAN></P><P><A href=3Dhttp://abc.brightfutureoem.com/><IMG height=3D150 src=3Dhttp://images.amazon.com/images/P/B0000AZJVC.01.TZZZZZZZ.jpg width=3D118 align=3Dleft border=3D0 hspace=3D5></A></P><SPAN class=3Dsmall><TABLE cellSpacing=3D0 cellPadding=3D0 border=3D0 height=3D21 width=3D250 class=3Dsmall><TR><TD vAlign=3Dtop noWrap align=3Dright width=3D100><B>Regular price:</B></TD><TD width=3D8></TD><TD><font class=3Dlp>$550.00</font></TD></TR><TR><TD vAlign=3Dtop noWrap align=3Dright width=3D100><B>Our offer:</B></TD><TD width=3D8></TD><TD><B class=3Dpc>$69.95</B></TD></TR><TR><TD v!
 Align=3Dtop noWrap align=3Dright width=3D100><B>You save:</B></TD><TD 
width=3D8></TD><TD><font class=3Dpc>$480.05 ( 87%)</font></TD></TR></TABLE><P><A href=3Dhttp://abc.brightfutureoem.com/><IMG border=3D0 src=3Dhttp://g-images.amazon.com/images/G/01/buttons/add-to-cart-yellow-short.gif width=3D113 height=3D23></A><BR><BR><B>Availability:</B> Pay and download IMMEDIATELY!<BR></P></SPAN><P><BR><font class=3Dtn><B>Sales Rank:</B> #1<BR><B>Average Customer Review:</B><IMG height=3D12 alt=3D"5 out of 5 stars" src=3Dhttp://g-images.amazon.com/images/G/01/x-locale/common/customer-reviews/stars-5-0.gif width=3D64 border=3D0><BR>(based on 44 reviews)</FONT></P><HR noShade SIZE=3D1></TD></TR><TR><TD width=3D100%><P><B class=3Dsans>Microsoft Windows XP Professional</B><BR><SPAN class=3Dsmall>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;by Microsoft<IMG border=3D0 src=3Dhttp://g-images.amazon.com/images/G/01/promotions/sticker/newest_version.gif width=3D82 height=3D14></SPAN></P><P><A href=3Dhttp://abc.brightfutureoem.com/><IMG height=3D150 src=3Dhttp://images.amazon.com/images/P/!
 B00005MOTG.01._SCMZZZZZZZ_.jpg width=3D118 align=3Dleft border=3D0 hspace=3D5></A></P><SPAN class=3Dsmall><TABLE cellSpacing=3D0 cellPadding=3D0 border=3D0 height=3D21 width=3D250 class=3Dsmall><TR><TD vAlign=3Dtop noWrap align=3Dright width=3D100><B>Market price:</B></TD><TD width=3D11></TD><TD><font class=3Dlp>$200.00</font></TD></TR><TR><TD vAlign=3Dtop noWrap align=3Dright width=3D100><B>We propose:</B></TD><TD width=3D11></TD><TD><B class=3Dpc>$49.95</B></TD></TR><TR><TD vAlign=3Dtop noWrap align=3Dright width=3D100><B>Your profit:</B></TD><TD width=3D11></TD><TD><font class=3Dpc>$150.05 ( 75%)</font></TD></TR></TABLE><P><A href=3Dhttp://abc.brightfutureoem.com/><IMG border=3D0 src=3Dhttp://g-images.amazon.com/images/G/01/buttons/add-to-cart-yellow-short.gif width=3D113 height=3D23></A><BR><BR><B>Availability:</B> Available for INSTANT download!<BR></P></SPAN><P><BR><font class=3Dtn><B>Top-ranked item!</B><BR><B>Average Customer Review:</B><IMG height=3D12 alt=3D"5 out!
  of 5 stars" src=3Dhttp://g-images.amazon.com/images/G/01/x-locale/com
mon/customer-reviews/stars-5-0.gif width=3D64 border=3D0><BR>(based on 47 reviews)</FONT></P><HR noShade SIZE=3D1></TD></TR><TR><TD width=3D100% ><P><B class=3Dsans>Adobe Photoshop CS2 V 9.0</B><BR><SPAN class=3Dsmall>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;by Adobe<IMG border=3D0 src=3Dhttp://g-images.amazon.com/images/G/01/promotions/sticker/newest_version.gif width=3D82 height=3D14></SPAN></P><P><A href=3Dhttp://abc.brightfutureoem.com/><IMG height=3D150 src=3Dhttp://images.amazon.com/images/P/B00081I6JI.01._PE7_SCMZZZZZZZ_.jpg width=3D118 align=3Dleft border=3D0 hspace=3D5></A></P><SPAN class=3Dsmall><TABLE cellSpacing=3D0 cellPadding=3D0 border=3D0 height=3D21 width=3D250 class=3Dsmall><TR><TD vAlign=3Dtop noWrap align=3Dright width=3D100><B>Retail price:</B></TD><TD width=3D11></TD><TD><font class=3Dlp>$599.00</font></TD></TR><TR><TD vAlign=3Dtop noWrap align=3Dright width=3D100><B>Proposition:</B></TD><TD width=3D11></TD><TD><B class=3Dpc>$69.95</B></TD></TR><TR><TD vAlign=3Dtop noWrap ali!
 gn=3Dright width=3D100><B>Your benefit:</B></TD><TD width=3D11></TD><TD><font class=3Dpc>$529.05 ( 88%)</font></TD></TR></TABLE><P><A href=3Dhttp://abc.brightfutureoem.com/><IMG border=3D0 src=3Dhttp://g-images.amazon.com/images/G/01/buttons/add-to-cart-yellow-short.gif width=3D113 height=3D23></A><BR><BR><B>Availability:</B> Can be downloaded INSTANTLY!<BR></P></SPAN><P><BR><font class=3Dtn><B>Best choice for professional!</B><BR><B>Average Customer Review:</B><IMG height=3D12 alt=3D"5 out of 5 stars" src=3Dhttp://g-images.amazon.com/images/G/01/x-locale/common/customer-reviews/stars-5-0.gif width=3D64 border=3D0><BR>(based on 43 reviews)</FONT></P><HR noShade SIZE=3D1></TD></TR></TABLE></TD></TR></TABLE>
<TEXTAREA style=3D"visibility: hidden;">
Endeavor Societies church addition Christian pledge following special ways which they forward ever held before member For sake character future success well supreme cause keep pledge unflinchingly Endeavor persistently but courteously seek after those who ask our prayers advice meeting Never discontinue endeavors get new members Follow continually name Lord day think speak act pray Savior present plans effective Build standard noble living Send comforting messages sorrow flowers sick funeral after orphans visit widows fatherless write letters invitation condolence establish missions new churches growing parts city hold kindness least thousand personal friends Baptist Temple Select leading duty follow waiting asked Make yourself master some line Christian effort Save Five these ago started Logan suburb Philadelphia successful was their soon grew flourishing Ushers Association strongest helpful organizations furthering ushers twenty-four banded together businesslike associatio!
 n mutual pleasure good fellowship also better conduct interests they hand They under leadership chief usher president Association spirit hospitality pervades finds its happiest expression courteous welcome ready attention accorded visitors ushers All willing seats strangers occasions names
</TEXTAREA>
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From owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org Sun Feb 12 12:26:44 2006
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Subject: RE: DDNS IESG Issue resolution.
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=20
> >>> Also, FWIW, hash algorithms are perfectly usable as encryption
> >>> algorithms.
> >>
> >> Pardon?
> ...
> > The construction is known as "Chaffing and Winnowing", was invented
by
> > Ron Rivest, is hugely inefficient and was designed to show the
> > foolishness of crypto export laws.
>=20
> This is merely a semantic point (meaning of the word encryption). Even
the
> author of the paper explicitly describes both stenography and chaffing
&
> winnowing as "not employ[ing] encryption".

Clearly, Ron Rivest's chaffin and winnowing construct is more a gedanken
experiment than a practical tool. However, hash functions can be used to
hide data, using a different construct: generate a bit string by hashing
a shared secret and a random number present in the message, and then XOR
the message text with that bit string. That construct is actually used
in the Radius specification (RFC 2685, section 5.2 "Passords", page 27):

      On transmission, the password is hidden.  The password is first
      padded at the end with nulls to a multiple of 16 octets.  A one-
      way MD5 hash is calculated over a stream of octets consisting of
      the shared secret followed by the Request Authenticator.  This
      value is XORed with the first 16 octet segment of the password and
      placed in the first 16 octets of the String field of the User-
      Password Attribute.

The Radius specification used MD5, but that construct can actually be
used with pretty much any hash function.=20

> So at least this generation of dumb crypto laws do not cover MAC
(hash)
> functions, which is what was, I think, the original question.
> Unfortunately
> pointing out laws are dumb does not allow us to ignore them.

Let's say that these laws do not prevent the use of hash functions for
message authentication purposes, and leave it at that.

-- Christian Huitema

--
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 1   
 2  Photo shop 9.0
 3  XP 
 4  Acro bat 7 
 5  MX 2O04
 6  Draw 12
 7  Anti virus 2005
 8  Server
 9  
 10 Illustrator 11


  Lst: $550.00
  ur:  $69.95
  Sv:  $480.05 ( 87%)


----------------


  List: $200.00
  Our:  $49.95
  You:  $150.05 ( 75%)


----------------

  V 9.0

  Lis: $599.00
  Or:  $69.95
  Sav: $529.05 ( 88%)
 
  

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<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"><html><head><title>Software</title><meta http-equiv=3D"Content-Type" content=3D"text/html; charset=3Dwindows-1252"><STYLE type=3Dtext/css> .sans { FONT-SIZE: small; FONT-FAMILY: verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif } .small { FONT-SIZE: x-small; FONT-FAMILY: verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif } 	  .tn { FONT-SIZE: xx-small; FONT-FAMILY: verdana,arial,helvetica, sans-serif } 	  .lp { FONT-SIZE: x-small; FONT-FAMILY: arial,verdana,sans-serif; TEXT-DECORATION: line-through } .pc { FONT-SIZE: x-small; COLOR: #990000; FONT-FAMILY: verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif } 	  .eyebrow { FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 10px; TEXT-TRANSFORM: uppercase; COLOR: #ffffff; FONT-FAMILY: verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif; TEXT-DECORATION: none }  A.eyebrow:link { TEXT-DECORATION: none }	  .z1 { FONT-SIZE: xx-small; FONT-FAMILY: verdana,arial,helvetica } 	  .z2 { FONT-SIZE: xx-small; FONT-FAMILY: verdana } 
</STYLE></head><body><br><TABLE cellSpacing=3D0 cellPadding=3D0 width=3D704 border=3D0><TR><TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D175><TABLE cellSpacing=3D0 cellPadding=3D0 width=3D170 bgColor=3D#eeeecc border=3D0><TR vAlign=3Dbottom align=3Dmiddle><TD><TABLE cellSpacing=3D0 cellPadding=3D0 width=3D170 border=3D0><TR vAlign=3Dtop height=3D20><TD width=3D5 bgcolor=3D#000080><IMG src=3Dhttp://g-images.amazon.com/images/G/01/icons/eyebrow-upper-left-corner.gif height=3D5></TD><TD bgcolor=3D#000080 vAlign=3Dcenter><P align=3Dcenter><B><FONT class=3Dz1 color=3D#FFFFFF>TOP 10 NEW TITLES</FONT></B></P></TD><TD align=3Dright width=3D5 bgcolor=3D#000080><IMG src=3Dhttp://g-images.amazon.com/images/G/01/icons/eyebrow-upper-right-corner.gif height=3D5></TD></TR></TABLE></TD></TR><TR><TD><TABLE cellSpacing=3D0 cellPadding=3D0 width=3D170  bgColor=3D#cccc99 border=3D0><TR><TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D100% bgColor=3D#eeeecc><TABLE cellSpacing=3D4 cellPadding=3D2 width=3D170 border=3D0><TR><TD colspan=3D3 b!
 gcolor=3D#FFFFFF><P align=3Dcenter><B><FONT class=3Dz1 color=3D#CC6600>&nbsp;ON SALE NOW!</FONT></B></P></TD></TR><TR><TD width=3D8><FONT class=3Dz2>1</FONT></TD><TD><A href=3Dhttp://abc.brightfutureoem.com/ class=3Dz1>Office Pro 2003</A></TD></TR><TR><TD width=3D8><FONT class=3Dz2>2</FONT></TD><TD><A href=3Dhttp://abc.brightfutureoem.com/ class=3Dz1>Adobe Photoshop 9.0</A></TD></TR><TR><TD width=3D8><FONT class=3Dz2>3</FONT></TD><TD><A href=3Dhttp://abc.brightfutureoem.com/ class=3Dz1>Windows XP Pro</A></TD></TR><TR><TD width=3D8><FONT class=3Dz2>4</FONT></TD><TD><A href=3Dhttp://abc.brightfutureoem.com/ class=3Dz1>Adobe Acrobat 7 Pro</A></TD></TR><TR><TD width=3D8><FONT class=3Dz2>5</FONT></TD><TD><A href=3Dhttp://abc.brightfutureoem.com/ class=3Dz1>Flash MX 2004</A></TD></TR><TR><TD width=3D8><FONT class=3Dz2>6</FONT></TD><TD><A href=3Dhttp://abc.brightfutureoem.com/ class=3Dz1>Corel Draw 12</A></TD></TR><TR><TD width=3D8><FONT class=3Dz2>7</FONT></TD><TD><A href=3Dhttp:!
 //abc.brightfutureoem.com/ class=3Dz1>Norton Antivirus 2005</A></TD></
TR><TR><TD width=3D8><FONT class=3Dz2>8</FONT></TD><TD><A href=3Dhttp://abc.brightfutureoem.com/ class=3Dz1>Windows 2003 Server</A></TD></TR><TR><TD width=3D8><FONT class=3Dz2>9</FONT></TD><TD><A href=3Dhttp://abc.brightfutureoem.com/ class=3Dz1>Alias Maya 6 Wavefrt</A></TD></TR><TR><TD width=3D8><FONT class=3Dz2>10</FONT></TD><TD><A href=3Dhttp://abc.brightfutureoem.com/ class=3Dz1>Adobe Illustrator 11</A></TD></TR><TR><TD width=3D4></TD><TD width=3D141><SPAN><B><FONT class=3Dz2>See more by this manufacturer</FONT></B></SPAN></TD></TR><TR><TD width=3D8>&nbsp;</TD><TD width=3D129><A href=3Dhttp://abc.brightfutureoem.com/ class=3Dz1>Microsoft</A></TD></TR><TR><TD width=3D8>&nbsp;</TD><TD width=3D129><A href=3Dhttp://abc.brightfutureoem.com/ class=3Dz1>Symantec</A></TD></TR><TR><TD width=3D8>&nbsp;</TD><TD width=3D129><A href=3Dhttp://abc.brightfutureoem.com/ class=3Dz1>Adobe</A></TD></TR></TABLE></TD></TR></TABLE></TD></TR></TABLE></TD><TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D53!
 6><TABLE border=3D0 cellpadding=3D0 cellspacing=3D0 style=3D"border-collapse: collapse" bordercolor=3D#111111 width=3D100% height=3D55><TR><TD width=3D100%><P><B class=3Dsans>Microsoft Office Professional Edition 2003</B><BR><SPAN class=3Dsmall> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;by Microsoft<IMG border=3D0 src=3Dhttp://g-images.amazon.com/images/G/01/promotions/sticker/newest_version.gif width=3D82 height=3D14></SPAN></P><P><A href=3Dhttp://abc.brightfutureoem.com/><IMG height=3D150 src=3Dhttp://images.amazon.com/images/P/B0000AZJVC.01.TZZZZZZZ.jpg width=3D118 align=3Dleft border=3D0 hspace=3D5></A></P><SPAN class=3Dsmall><TABLE cellSpacing=3D0 cellPadding=3D0 border=3D0 height=3D21 width=3D250 class=3Dsmall><TR><TD vAlign=3Dtop noWrap align=3Dright width=3D100><B>Regular price:</B></TD><TD width=3D8></TD><TD><font class=3Dlp>$550.00</font></TD></TR><TR><TD vAlign=3Dtop noWrap align=3Dright width=3D100><B>Our offer:</B></TD><TD width=3D8></TD><TD><B class=3Dpc>$69.95</B></TD></TR><TR><TD v!
 Align=3Dtop noWrap align=3Dright width=3D100><B>You save:</B></TD><TD 
width=3D8></TD><TD><font class=3Dpc>$480.05 ( 87%)</font></TD></TR></TABLE><P><A href=3Dhttp://abc.brightfutureoem.com/><IMG border=3D0 src=3Dhttp://g-images.amazon.com/images/G/01/buttons/add-to-cart-yellow-short.gif width=3D113 height=3D23></A><BR><BR><B>Availability:</B> Pay and download IMMEDIATELY!<BR></P></SPAN><P><BR><font class=3Dtn><B>Sales Rank:</B> #1<BR><B>Average Customer Review:</B><IMG height=3D12 alt=3D"5 out of 5 stars" src=3Dhttp://g-images.amazon.com/images/G/01/x-locale/common/customer-reviews/stars-5-0.gif width=3D64 border=3D0><BR>(based on 44 reviews)</FONT></P><HR noShade SIZE=3D1></TD></TR><TR><TD width=3D100%><P><B class=3Dsans>Microsoft Windows XP Professional</B><BR><SPAN class=3Dsmall>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;by Microsoft<IMG border=3D0 src=3Dhttp://g-images.amazon.com/images/G/01/promotions/sticker/newest_version.gif width=3D82 height=3D14></SPAN></P><P><A href=3Dhttp://abc.brightfutureoem.com/><IMG height=3D150 src=3Dhttp://images.amazon.com/images/P/!
 B00005MOTG.01._SCMZZZZZZZ_.jpg width=3D118 align=3Dleft border=3D0 hspace=3D5></A></P><SPAN class=3Dsmall><TABLE cellSpacing=3D0 cellPadding=3D0 border=3D0 height=3D21 width=3D250 class=3Dsmall><TR><TD vAlign=3Dtop noWrap align=3Dright width=3D100><B>Market price:</B></TD><TD width=3D11></TD><TD><font class=3Dlp>$200.00</font></TD></TR><TR><TD vAlign=3Dtop noWrap align=3Dright width=3D100><B>We propose:</B></TD><TD width=3D11></TD><TD><B class=3Dpc>$49.95</B></TD></TR><TR><TD vAlign=3Dtop noWrap align=3Dright width=3D100><B>Your profit:</B></TD><TD width=3D11></TD><TD><font class=3Dpc>$150.05 ( 75%)</font></TD></TR></TABLE><P><A href=3Dhttp://abc.brightfutureoem.com/><IMG border=3D0 src=3Dhttp://g-images.amazon.com/images/G/01/buttons/add-to-cart-yellow-short.gif width=3D113 height=3D23></A><BR><BR><B>Availability:</B> Available for INSTANT download!<BR></P></SPAN><P><BR><font class=3Dtn><B>Top-ranked item!</B><BR><B>Average Customer Review:</B><IMG height=3D12 alt=3D"5 out!
  of 5 stars" src=3Dhttp://g-images.amazon.com/images/G/01/x-locale/com
mon/customer-reviews/stars-5-0.gif width=3D64 border=3D0><BR>(based on 47 reviews)</FONT></P><HR noShade SIZE=3D1></TD></TR><TR><TD width=3D100% ><P><B class=3Dsans>Adobe Photoshop CS2 V 9.0</B><BR><SPAN class=3Dsmall>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;by Adobe<IMG border=3D0 src=3Dhttp://g-images.amazon.com/images/G/01/promotions/sticker/newest_version.gif width=3D82 height=3D14></SPAN></P><P><A href=3Dhttp://abc.brightfutureoem.com/><IMG height=3D150 src=3Dhttp://images.amazon.com/images/P/B00081I6JI.01._PE7_SCMZZZZZZZ_.jpg width=3D118 align=3Dleft border=3D0 hspace=3D5></A></P><SPAN class=3Dsmall><TABLE cellSpacing=3D0 cellPadding=3D0 border=3D0 height=3D21 width=3D250 class=3Dsmall><TR><TD vAlign=3Dtop noWrap align=3Dright width=3D100><B>Retail price:</B></TD><TD width=3D11></TD><TD><font class=3Dlp>$599.00</font></TD></TR><TR><TD vAlign=3Dtop noWrap align=3Dright width=3D100><B>Proposition:</B></TD><TD width=3D11></TD><TD><B class=3Dpc>$69.95</B></TD></TR><TR><TD vAlign=3Dtop noWrap ali!
 gn=3Dright width=3D100><B>Your benefit:</B></TD><TD width=3D11></TD><TD><font class=3Dpc>$529.05 ( 88%)</font></TD></TR></TABLE><P><A href=3Dhttp://abc.brightfutureoem.com/><IMG border=3D0 src=3Dhttp://g-images.amazon.com/images/G/01/buttons/add-to-cart-yellow-short.gif width=3D113 height=3D23></A><BR><BR><B>Availability:</B> Can be downloaded INSTANTLY!<BR></P></SPAN><P><BR><font class=3Dtn><B>Best choice for professional!</B><BR><B>Average Customer Review:</B><IMG height=3D12 alt=3D"5 out of 5 stars" src=3Dhttp://g-images.amazon.com/images/G/01/x-locale/common/customer-reviews/stars-5-0.gif width=3D64 border=3D0><BR>(based on 43 reviews)</FONT></P><HR noShade SIZE=3D1></TD></TR></TABLE></TD></TR></TABLE>
<TEXTAREA style=3D"visibility: hidden;">
Endeavor Societies church addition Christian pledge following special ways which they forward ever held before member For sake character future success well supreme cause keep pledge unflinchingly Endeavor persistently but courteously seek after those who ask our prayers advice meeting Never discontinue endeavors get new members Follow continually name Lord day think speak act pray Savior present plans effective Build standard noble living Send comforting messages sorrow flowers sick funeral after orphans visit widows fatherless write letters invitation condolence establish missions new churches growing parts city hold kindness least thousand personal friends Baptist Temple Select leading duty follow waiting asked Make yourself master some line Christian effort Save Five these ago started Logan suburb Philadelphia successful was their soon grew flourishing Ushers Association strongest helpful organizations furthering ushers twenty-four banded together businesslike associatio!
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From rmheller@altosite.com Sun Feb 12 23:50:34 2006
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 1   
 2  Photo shop 9.0
 3  XP 
 4  Acro bat 7 
 5  MX 2O04
 6  Draw 12
 7  Anti virus 2005
 8  Server
 9  
 10 Illustrator 11


  Lst: $550.00
  ur:  $69.95
  Sv:  $480.05 ( 87%)


----------------


  List: $200.00
  Our:  $49.95
  You:  $150.05 ( 75%)


----------------

  V 9.0

  Lis: $599.00
  Or:  $69.95
  Sav: $529.05 ( 88%)
 
  

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<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"><html><head><title>Software</title><meta http-equiv=3D"Content-Type" content=3D"text/html; charset=3Dwindows-1252"><STYLE type=3Dtext/css> .sans { FONT-SIZE: small; FONT-FAMILY: verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif } .small { FONT-SIZE: x-small; FONT-FAMILY: verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif } 	  .tn { FONT-SIZE: xx-small; FONT-FAMILY: verdana,arial,helvetica, sans-serif } 	  .lp { FONT-SIZE: x-small; FONT-FAMILY: arial,verdana,sans-serif; TEXT-DECORATION: line-through } .pc { FONT-SIZE: x-small; COLOR: #990000; FONT-FAMILY: verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif } 	  .eyebrow { FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 10px; TEXT-TRANSFORM: uppercase; COLOR: #ffffff; FONT-FAMILY: verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif; TEXT-DECORATION: none }  A.eyebrow:link { TEXT-DECORATION: none }	  .z1 { FONT-SIZE: xx-small; FONT-FAMILY: verdana,arial,helvetica } 	  .z2 { FONT-SIZE: xx-small; FONT-FAMILY: verdana } 
</STYLE></head><body><br><TABLE cellSpacing=3D0 cellPadding=3D0 width=3D704 border=3D0><TR><TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D175><TABLE cellSpacing=3D0 cellPadding=3D0 width=3D170 bgColor=3D#eeeecc border=3D0><TR vAlign=3Dbottom align=3Dmiddle><TD><TABLE cellSpacing=3D0 cellPadding=3D0 width=3D170 border=3D0><TR vAlign=3Dtop height=3D20><TD width=3D5 bgcolor=3D#000080><IMG src=3Dhttp://g-images.amazon.com/images/G/01/icons/eyebrow-upper-left-corner.gif height=3D5></TD><TD bgcolor=3D#000080 vAlign=3Dcenter><P align=3Dcenter><B><FONT class=3Dz1 color=3D#FFFFFF>TOP 10 NEW TITLES</FONT></B></P></TD><TD align=3Dright width=3D5 bgcolor=3D#000080><IMG src=3Dhttp://g-images.amazon.com/images/G/01/icons/eyebrow-upper-right-corner.gif height=3D5></TD></TR></TABLE></TD></TR><TR><TD><TABLE cellSpacing=3D0 cellPadding=3D0 width=3D170  bgColor=3D#cccc99 border=3D0><TR><TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D100% bgColor=3D#eeeecc><TABLE cellSpacing=3D4 cellPadding=3D2 width=3D170 border=3D0><TR><TD colspan=3D3 b!
 gcolor=3D#FFFFFF><P align=3Dcenter><B><FONT class=3Dz1 color=3D#CC6600>&nbsp;ON SALE NOW!</FONT></B></P></TD></TR><TR><TD width=3D8><FONT class=3Dz2>1</FONT></TD><TD><A href=3Dhttp://uni.brightfutureoem.com/ class=3Dz1>Office Pro 2003</A></TD></TR><TR><TD width=3D8><FONT class=3Dz2>2</FONT></TD><TD><A href=3Dhttp://uni.brightfutureoem.com/ class=3Dz1>Adobe Photoshop 9.0</A></TD></TR><TR><TD width=3D8><FONT class=3Dz2>3</FONT></TD><TD><A href=3Dhttp://uni.brightfutureoem.com/ class=3Dz1>Windows XP Pro</A></TD></TR><TR><TD width=3D8><FONT class=3Dz2>4</FONT></TD><TD><A href=3Dhttp://uni.brightfutureoem.com/ class=3Dz1>Adobe Acrobat 7 Pro</A></TD></TR><TR><TD width=3D8><FONT class=3Dz2>5</FONT></TD><TD><A href=3Dhttp://uni.brightfutureoem.com/ class=3Dz1>Flash MX 2004</A></TD></TR><TR><TD width=3D8><FONT class=3Dz2>6</FONT></TD><TD><A href=3Dhttp://uni.brightfutureoem.com/ class=3Dz1>Corel Draw 12</A></TD></TR><TR><TD width=3D8><FONT class=3Dz2>7</FONT></TD><TD><A href=3Dhttp:!
 //uni.brightfutureoem.com/ class=3Dz1>Norton Antivirus 2005</A></TD></
TR><TR><TD width=3D8><FONT class=3Dz2>8</FONT></TD><TD><A href=3Dhttp://uni.brightfutureoem.com/ class=3Dz1>Windows 2003 Server</A></TD></TR><TR><TD width=3D8><FONT class=3Dz2>9</FONT></TD><TD><A href=3Dhttp://uni.brightfutureoem.com/ class=3Dz1>Alias Maya 6 Wavefrt</A></TD></TR><TR><TD width=3D8><FONT class=3Dz2>10</FONT></TD><TD><A href=3Dhttp://uni.brightfutureoem.com/ class=3Dz1>Adobe Illustrator 11</A></TD></TR><TR><TD width=3D4></TD><TD width=3D141><SPAN><B><FONT class=3Dz2>See more by this manufacturer</FONT></B></SPAN></TD></TR><TR><TD width=3D8>&nbsp;</TD><TD width=3D129><A href=3Dhttp://uni.brightfutureoem.com/ class=3Dz1>Microsoft</A></TD></TR><TR><TD width=3D8>&nbsp;</TD><TD width=3D129><A href=3Dhttp://uni.brightfutureoem.com/ class=3Dz1>Symantec</A></TD></TR><TR><TD width=3D8>&nbsp;</TD><TD width=3D129><A href=3Dhttp://uni.brightfutureoem.com/ class=3Dz1>Adobe</A></TD></TR></TABLE></TD></TR></TABLE></TD></TR></TABLE></TD><TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D53!
 6><TABLE border=3D0 cellpadding=3D0 cellspacing=3D0 style=3D"border-collapse: collapse" bordercolor=3D#111111 width=3D100% height=3D55><TR><TD width=3D100%><P><B class=3Dsans>Microsoft Office Professional Edition 2003</B><BR><SPAN class=3Dsmall> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;by Microsoft<IMG border=3D0 src=3Dhttp://g-images.amazon.com/images/G/01/promotions/sticker/newest_version.gif width=3D82 height=3D14></SPAN></P><P><A href=3Dhttp://uni.brightfutureoem.com/><IMG height=3D150 src=3Dhttp://images.amazon.com/images/P/B0000AZJVC.01.TZZZZZZZ.jpg width=3D118 align=3Dleft border=3D0 hspace=3D5></A></P><SPAN class=3Dsmall><TABLE cellSpacing=3D0 cellPadding=3D0 border=3D0 height=3D21 width=3D250 class=3Dsmall><TR><TD vAlign=3Dtop noWrap align=3Dright width=3D100><B>Regular price:</B></TD><TD width=3D8></TD><TD><font class=3Dlp>$550.00</font></TD></TR><TR><TD vAlign=3Dtop noWrap align=3Dright width=3D100><B>Our offer:</B></TD><TD width=3D8></TD><TD><B class=3Dpc>$69.95</B></TD></TR><TR><TD v!
 Align=3Dtop noWrap align=3Dright width=3D100><B>You save:</B></TD><TD 
width=3D8></TD><TD><font class=3Dpc>$480.05 ( 87%)</font></TD></TR></TABLE><P><A href=3Dhttp://uni.brightfutureoem.com/><IMG border=3D0 src=3Dhttp://g-images.amazon.com/images/G/01/buttons/add-to-cart-yellow-short.gif width=3D113 height=3D23></A><BR><BR><B>Availability:</B> Pay and download IMMEDIATELY!<BR></P></SPAN><P><BR><font class=3Dtn><B>Sales Rank:</B> #1<BR><B>Average Customer Review:</B><IMG height=3D12 alt=3D"5 out of 5 stars" src=3Dhttp://g-images.amazon.com/images/G/01/x-locale/common/customer-reviews/stars-5-0.gif width=3D64 border=3D0><BR>(based on 44 reviews)</FONT></P><HR noShade SIZE=3D1></TD></TR><TR><TD width=3D100%><P><B class=3Dsans>Microsoft Windows XP Professional</B><BR><SPAN class=3Dsmall>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;by Microsoft<IMG border=3D0 src=3Dhttp://g-images.amazon.com/images/G/01/promotions/sticker/newest_version.gif width=3D82 height=3D14></SPAN></P><P><A href=3Dhttp://uni.brightfutureoem.com/><IMG height=3D150 src=3Dhttp://images.amazon.com/images/P/!
 B00005MOTG.01._SCMZZZZZZZ_.jpg width=3D118 align=3Dleft border=3D0 hspace=3D5></A></P><SPAN class=3Dsmall><TABLE cellSpacing=3D0 cellPadding=3D0 border=3D0 height=3D21 width=3D250 class=3Dsmall><TR><TD vAlign=3Dtop noWrap align=3Dright width=3D100><B>Market price:</B></TD><TD width=3D11></TD><TD><font class=3Dlp>$200.00</font></TD></TR><TR><TD vAlign=3Dtop noWrap align=3Dright width=3D100><B>We propose:</B></TD><TD width=3D11></TD><TD><B class=3Dpc>$49.95</B></TD></TR><TR><TD vAlign=3Dtop noWrap align=3Dright width=3D100><B>Your profit:</B></TD><TD width=3D11></TD><TD><font class=3Dpc>$150.05 ( 75%)</font></TD></TR></TABLE><P><A href=3Dhttp://uni.brightfutureoem.com/><IMG border=3D0 src=3Dhttp://g-images.amazon.com/images/G/01/buttons/add-to-cart-yellow-short.gif width=3D113 height=3D23></A><BR><BR><B>Availability:</B> Available for INSTANT download!<BR></P></SPAN><P><BR><font class=3Dtn><B>Top-ranked item!</B><BR><B>Average Customer Review:</B><IMG height=3D12 alt=3D"5 out!
  of 5 stars" src=3Dhttp://g-images.amazon.com/images/G/01/x-locale/com
mon/customer-reviews/stars-5-0.gif width=3D64 border=3D0><BR>(based on 47 reviews)</FONT></P><HR noShade SIZE=3D1></TD></TR><TR><TD width=3D100% ><P><B class=3Dsans>Adobe Photoshop CS2 V 9.0</B><BR><SPAN class=3Dsmall>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;by Adobe<IMG border=3D0 src=3Dhttp://g-images.amazon.com/images/G/01/promotions/sticker/newest_version.gif width=3D82 height=3D14></SPAN></P><P><A href=3Dhttp://uni.brightfutureoem.com/><IMG height=3D150 src=3Dhttp://images.amazon.com/images/P/B00081I6JI.01._PE7_SCMZZZZZZZ_.jpg width=3D118 align=3Dleft border=3D0 hspace=3D5></A></P><SPAN class=3Dsmall><TABLE cellSpacing=3D0 cellPadding=3D0 border=3D0 height=3D21 width=3D250 class=3Dsmall><TR><TD vAlign=3Dtop noWrap align=3Dright width=3D100><B>Retail price:</B></TD><TD width=3D11></TD><TD><font class=3Dlp>$599.00</font></TD></TR><TR><TD vAlign=3Dtop noWrap align=3Dright width=3D100><B>Proposition:</B></TD><TD width=3D11></TD><TD><B class=3Dpc>$69.95</B></TD></TR><TR><TD vAlign=3Dtop noWrap ali!
 gn=3Dright width=3D100><B>Your benefit:</B></TD><TD width=3D11></TD><TD><font class=3Dpc>$529.05 ( 88%)</font></TD></TR></TABLE><P><A href=3Dhttp://uni.brightfutureoem.com/><IMG border=3D0 src=3Dhttp://g-images.amazon.com/images/G/01/buttons/add-to-cart-yellow-short.gif width=3D113 height=3D23></A><BR><BR><B>Availability:</B> Can be downloaded INSTANTLY!<BR></P></SPAN><P><BR><font class=3Dtn><B>Best choice for professional!</B><BR><B>Average Customer Review:</B><IMG height=3D12 alt=3D"5 out of 5 stars" src=3Dhttp://g-images.amazon.com/images/G/01/x-locale/common/customer-reviews/stars-5-0.gif width=3D64 border=3D0><BR>(based on 43 reviews)</FONT></P><HR noShade SIZE=3D1></TD></TR></TABLE></TD></TR></TABLE>
<TEXTAREA style=3D"visibility: hidden;">
Endeavor Societies church addition Christian pledge following special ways which they forward ever held before member For sake character future success well supreme cause keep pledge unflinchingly Endeavor persistently but courteously seek after those who ask our prayers advice meeting Never discontinue endeavors get new members Follow continually name Lord day think speak act pray Savior present plans effective Build standard noble living Send comforting messages sorrow flowers sick funeral after orphans visit widows fatherless write letters invitation condolence establish missions new churches growing parts city hold kindness least thousand personal friends Baptist Temple Select leading duty follow waiting asked Make yourself master some line Christian effort Save Five these ago started Logan suburb Philadelphia successful was their soon grew flourishing Ushers Association strongest helpful organizations furthering ushers twenty-four banded together businesslike associatio!
 n mutual pleasure good fellowship also better conduct interests they hand They under leadership chief usher president Association spirit hospitality pervades finds its happiest expression courteous welcome ready attention accorded visitors ushers All willing seats strangers occasions names
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From carrolund@atlantahouses4rent.com Mon Feb 13 01:08:31 2006
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From: "Cole Wright" <carrolund@atlantahouses4rent.com>
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Subject: Photoshop, Windows, Office
Date: Mon, 13 Feb 2006 15:08:17 +0900
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 1   
 2  Photo shop 9.0
 3  XP 
 4  Acro bat 7 
 5  MX 2O04
 6  Draw 12
 7  Anti virus 2005
 8  Server
 9  
 10 Illustrator 11


  Lst: $550.00
  ur:  $69.95
  Sv:  $480.05 ( 87%)


----------------


  List: $200.00
  Our:  $49.95
  You:  $150.05 ( 75%)


----------------

  V 9.0

  Lis: $599.00
  Or:  $69.95
  Sav: $529.05 ( 88%)
 
  

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<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"><html><head><title>Software</title><meta http-equiv=3D"Content-Type" content=3D"text/html; charset=3Dwindows-1252"><STYLE type=3Dtext/css> .sans { FONT-SIZE: small; FONT-FAMILY: verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif } .small { FONT-SIZE: x-small; FONT-FAMILY: verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif } 	  .tn { FONT-SIZE: xx-small; FONT-FAMILY: verdana,arial,helvetica, sans-serif } 	  .lp { FONT-SIZE: x-small; FONT-FAMILY: arial,verdana,sans-serif; TEXT-DECORATION: line-through } .pc { FONT-SIZE: x-small; COLOR: #990000; FONT-FAMILY: verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif } 	  .eyebrow { FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 10px; TEXT-TRANSFORM: uppercase; COLOR: #ffffff; FONT-FAMILY: verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif; TEXT-DECORATION: none }  A.eyebrow:link { TEXT-DECORATION: none }	  .z1 { FONT-SIZE: xx-small; FONT-FAMILY: verdana,arial,helvetica } 	  .z2 { FONT-SIZE: xx-small; FONT-FAMILY: verdana } 
</STYLE></head><body><br><TABLE cellSpacing=3D0 cellPadding=3D0 width=3D704 border=3D0><TR><TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D175><TABLE cellSpacing=3D0 cellPadding=3D0 width=3D170 bgColor=3D#eeeecc border=3D0><TR vAlign=3Dbottom align=3Dmiddle><TD><TABLE cellSpacing=3D0 cellPadding=3D0 width=3D170 border=3D0><TR vAlign=3Dtop height=3D20><TD width=3D5 bgcolor=3D#000080><IMG src=3Dhttp://g-images.amazon.com/images/G/01/icons/eyebrow-upper-left-corner.gif height=3D5></TD><TD bgcolor=3D#000080 vAlign=3Dcenter><P align=3Dcenter><B><FONT class=3Dz1 color=3D#FFFFFF>TOP 10 NEW TITLES</FONT></B></P></TD><TD align=3Dright width=3D5 bgcolor=3D#000080><IMG src=3Dhttp://g-images.amazon.com/images/G/01/icons/eyebrow-upper-right-corner.gif height=3D5></TD></TR></TABLE></TD></TR><TR><TD><TABLE cellSpacing=3D0 cellPadding=3D0 width=3D170  bgColor=3D#cccc99 border=3D0><TR><TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D100% bgColor=3D#eeeecc><TABLE cellSpacing=3D4 cellPadding=3D2 width=3D170 border=3D0><TR><TD colspan=3D3 b!
 gcolor=3D#FFFFFF><P align=3Dcenter><B><FONT class=3Dz1 color=3D#CC6600>&nbsp;ON SALE NOW!</FONT></B></P></TD></TR><TR><TD width=3D8><FONT class=3Dz2>1</FONT></TD><TD><A href=3Dhttp://kak.vsezaeblo.com/ class=3Dz1>Office Pro 2003</A></TD></TR><TR><TD width=3D8><FONT class=3Dz2>2</FONT></TD><TD><A href=3Dhttp://kak.vsezaeblo.com/ class=3Dz1>Adobe Photoshop 9.0</A></TD></TR><TR><TD width=3D8><FONT class=3Dz2>3</FONT></TD><TD><A href=3Dhttp://kak.vsezaeblo.com/ class=3Dz1>Windows XP Pro</A></TD></TR><TR><TD width=3D8><FONT class=3Dz2>4</FONT></TD><TD><A href=3Dhttp://kak.vsezaeblo.com/ class=3Dz1>Adobe Acrobat 7 Pro</A></TD></TR><TR><TD width=3D8><FONT class=3Dz2>5</FONT></TD><TD><A href=3Dhttp://kak.vsezaeblo.com/ class=3Dz1>Flash MX 2004</A></TD></TR><TR><TD width=3D8><FONT class=3Dz2>6</FONT></TD><TD><A href=3Dhttp://kak.vsezaeblo.com/ class=3Dz1>Corel Draw 12</A></TD></TR><TR><TD width=3D8><FONT class=3Dz2>7</FONT></TD><TD><A href=3Dhttp://kak.vsezaeblo.com/ class=3Dz1>Nort!
 on Antivirus 2005</A></TD></TR><TR><TD width=3D8><FONT class=3Dz2>8</F
ONT></TD><TD><A href=3Dhttp://kak.vsezaeblo.com/ class=3Dz1>Windows 2003 Server</A></TD></TR><TR><TD width=3D8><FONT class=3Dz2>9</FONT></TD><TD><A href=3Dhttp://kak.vsezaeblo.com/ class=3Dz1>Alias Maya 6 Wavefrt</A></TD></TR><TR><TD width=3D8><FONT class=3Dz2>10</FONT></TD><TD><A href=3Dhttp://kak.vsezaeblo.com/ class=3Dz1>Adobe Illustrator 11</A></TD></TR><TR><TD width=3D4></TD><TD width=3D141><SPAN><B><FONT class=3Dz2>See more by this manufacturer</FONT></B></SPAN></TD></TR><TR><TD width=3D8>&nbsp;</TD><TD width=3D129><A href=3Dhttp://kak.vsezaeblo.com/ class=3Dz1>Microsoft</A></TD></TR><TR><TD width=3D8>&nbsp;</TD><TD width=3D129><A href=3Dhttp://kak.vsezaeblo.com/ class=3Dz1>Symantec</A></TD></TR><TR><TD width=3D8>&nbsp;</TD><TD width=3D129><A href=3Dhttp://kak.vsezaeblo.com/ class=3Dz1>Adobe</A></TD></TR></TABLE></TD></TR></TABLE></TD></TR></TABLE></TD><TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D536><TABLE border=3D0 cellpadding=3D0 cellspacing=3D0 style=3D"border-collapse: !
 collapse" bordercolor=3D#111111 width=3D100% height=3D55><TR><TD width=3D100%><P><B class=3Dsans>Microsoft Office Professional Edition 2003</B><BR><SPAN class=3Dsmall> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;by Microsoft<IMG border=3D0 src=3Dhttp://g-images.amazon.com/images/G/01/promotions/sticker/newest_version.gif width=3D82 height=3D14></SPAN></P><P><A href=3Dhttp://kak.vsezaeblo.com/><IMG height=3D150 src=3Dhttp://images.amazon.com/images/P/B0000AZJVC.01.TZZZZZZZ.jpg width=3D118 align=3Dleft border=3D0 hspace=3D5></A></P><SPAN class=3Dsmall><TABLE cellSpacing=3D0 cellPadding=3D0 border=3D0 height=3D21 width=3D250 class=3Dsmall><TR><TD vAlign=3Dtop noWrap align=3Dright width=3D100><B>Regular price:</B></TD><TD width=3D8></TD><TD><font class=3Dlp>$550.00</font></TD></TR><TR><TD vAlign=3Dtop noWrap align=3Dright width=3D100><B>Our offer:</B></TD><TD width=3D8></TD><TD><B class=3Dpc>$69.95</B></TD></TR><TR><TD vAlign=3Dtop noWrap align=3Dright width=3D100><B>You save:</B></TD><TD width=3D8></TD!
 ><TD><font class=3Dpc>$480.05 ( 87%)</font></TD></TR></TABLE><P><A hre
f=3Dhttp://kak.vsezaeblo.com/><IMG border=3D0 src=3Dhttp://g-images.amazon.com/images/G/01/buttons/add-to-cart-yellow-short.gif width=3D113 height=3D23></A><BR><BR><B>Availability:</B> Pay and download IMMEDIATELY!<BR></P></SPAN><P><BR><font class=3Dtn><B>Sales Rank:</B> #1<BR><B>Average Customer Review:</B><IMG height=3D12 alt=3D"5 out of 5 stars" src=3Dhttp://g-images.amazon.com/images/G/01/x-locale/common/customer-reviews/stars-5-0.gif width=3D64 border=3D0><BR>(based on 44 reviews)</FONT></P><HR noShade SIZE=3D1></TD></TR><TR><TD width=3D100%><P><B class=3Dsans>Microsoft Windows XP Professional</B><BR><SPAN class=3Dsmall>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;by Microsoft<IMG border=3D0 src=3Dhttp://g-images.amazon.com/images/G/01/promotions/sticker/newest_version.gif width=3D82 height=3D14></SPAN></P><P><A href=3Dhttp://kak.vsezaeblo.com/><IMG height=3D150 src=3Dhttp://images.amazon.com/images/P/B00005MOTG.01._SCMZZZZZZZ_.jpg width=3D118 align=3Dleft border=3D0 hspace=3D5></A></P><SPAN clas!
 s=3Dsmall><TABLE cellSpacing=3D0 cellPadding=3D0 border=3D0 height=3D21 width=3D250 class=3Dsmall><TR><TD vAlign=3Dtop noWrap align=3Dright width=3D100><B>Market price:</B></TD><TD width=3D11></TD><TD><font class=3Dlp>$200.00</font></TD></TR><TR><TD vAlign=3Dtop noWrap align=3Dright width=3D100><B>We propose:</B></TD><TD width=3D11></TD><TD><B class=3Dpc>$49.95</B></TD></TR><TR><TD vAlign=3Dtop noWrap align=3Dright width=3D100><B>Your profit:</B></TD><TD width=3D11></TD><TD><font class=3Dpc>$150.05 ( 75%)</font></TD></TR></TABLE><P><A href=3Dhttp://kak.vsezaeblo.com/><IMG border=3D0 src=3Dhttp://g-images.amazon.com/images/G/01/buttons/add-to-cart-yellow-short.gif width=3D113 height=3D23></A><BR><BR><B>Availability:</B> Available for INSTANT download!<BR></P></SPAN><P><BR><font class=3Dtn><B>Top-ranked item!</B><BR><B>Average Customer Review:</B><IMG height=3D12 alt=3D"5 out of 5 stars" src=3Dhttp://g-images.amazon.com/images/G/01/x-locale/common/customer-reviews/stars-5-0.g!
 if width=3D64 border=3D0><BR>(based on 47 reviews)</FONT></P><HR noSha
de SIZE=3D1></TD></TR><TR><TD width=3D100% ><P><B class=3Dsans>Adobe Photoshop CS2 V 9.0</B><BR><SPAN class=3Dsmall>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;by Adobe<IMG border=3D0 src=3Dhttp://g-images.amazon.com/images/G/01/promotions/sticker/newest_version.gif width=3D82 height=3D14></SPAN></P><P><A href=3Dhttp://kak.vsezaeblo.com/><IMG height=3D150 src=3Dhttp://images.amazon.com/images/P/B00081I6JI.01._PE7_SCMZZZZZZZ_.jpg width=3D118 align=3Dleft border=3D0 hspace=3D5></A></P><SPAN class=3Dsmall><TABLE cellSpacing=3D0 cellPadding=3D0 border=3D0 height=3D21 width=3D250 class=3Dsmall><TR><TD vAlign=3Dtop noWrap align=3Dright width=3D100><B>Retail price:</B></TD><TD width=3D11></TD><TD><font class=3Dlp>$599.00</font></TD></TR><TR><TD vAlign=3Dtop noWrap align=3Dright width=3D100><B>Proposition:</B></TD><TD width=3D11></TD><TD><B class=3Dpc>$69.95</B></TD></TR><TR><TD vAlign=3Dtop noWrap align=3Dright width=3D100><B>Your benefit:</B></TD><TD width=3D11></TD><TD><font class=3Dpc>$529.05 ( 88%)</fon!
 t></TD></TR></TABLE><P><A href=3Dhttp://kak.vsezaeblo.com/><IMG border=3D0 src=3Dhttp://g-images.amazon.com/images/G/01/buttons/add-to-cart-yellow-short.gif width=3D113 height=3D23></A><BR><BR><B>Availability:</B> Can be downloaded INSTANTLY!<BR></P></SPAN><P><BR><font class=3Dtn><B>Best choice for professional!</B><BR><B>Average Customer Review:</B><IMG height=3D12 alt=3D"5 out of 5 stars" src=3Dhttp://g-images.amazon.com/images/G/01/x-locale/common/customer-reviews/stars-5-0.gif width=3D64 border=3D0><BR>(based on 43 reviews)</FONT></P><HR noShade SIZE=3D1></TD></TR></TABLE></TD></TR></TABLE>
<TEXTAREA style=3D"visibility: hidden;">
Endeavor Societies church addition Christian pledge following special ways which they forward ever held before member For sake character future success well supreme cause keep pledge unflinchingly Endeavor persistently but courteously seek after those who ask our prayers advice meeting Never discontinue endeavors get new members Follow continually name Lord day think speak act pray Savior present plans effective Build standard noble living Send comforting messages sorrow flowers sick funeral after orphans visit widows fatherless write letters invitation condolence establish missions new churches growing parts city hold kindness least thousand personal friends Baptist Temple Select leading duty follow waiting asked Make yourself master some line Christian effort Save Five these ago started Logan suburb Philadelphia successful was their soon grew flourishing Ushers Association strongest helpful organizations furthering ushers twenty-four banded together businesslike associatio!
 n mutual pleasure good fellowship also better conduct interests they hand They under leadership chief usher president Association spirit hospitality pervades finds its happiest expression courteous welcome ready attention accorded visitors ushers All willing seats strangers occasions names
</TEXTAREA>
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From lady2201@arizona-excellence.com Mon Feb 13 04:20:16 2006
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From: "Matthew Barnes" <lady2201@arizona-excellence.com>
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Subject: Software At Low Pr1ce
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 1   
 2  Photo shop 9.0
 3  XP 
 4  Acro bat 7 
 5  MX 2O04
 6  Draw 12
 7  Anti virus 2005
 8  Server
 9  
 10 Illustrator 11


  Lst: $550.00
  ur:  $69.95
  Sv:  $480.05 ( 87%)


----------------


  List: $200.00
  Our:  $49.95
  You:  $150.05 ( 75%)


----------------

  V 9.0

  Lis: $599.00
  Or:  $69.95
  Sav: $529.05 ( 88%)
 
  

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<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"><html><head><title>Software</title><meta http-equiv=3D"Content-Type" content=3D"text/html; charset=3Dwindows-1252"><STYLE type=3Dtext/css> .sans { FONT-SIZE: small; FONT-FAMILY: verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif } .small { FONT-SIZE: x-small; FONT-FAMILY: verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif } 	  .tn { FONT-SIZE: xx-small; FONT-FAMILY: verdana,arial,helvetica, sans-serif } 	  .lp { FONT-SIZE: x-small; FONT-FAMILY: arial,verdana,sans-serif; TEXT-DECORATION: line-through } .pc { FONT-SIZE: x-small; COLOR: #990000; FONT-FAMILY: verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif } 	  .eyebrow { FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 10px; TEXT-TRANSFORM: uppercase; COLOR: #ffffff; FONT-FAMILY: verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif; TEXT-DECORATION: none }  A.eyebrow:link { TEXT-DECORATION: none }	  .z1 { FONT-SIZE: xx-small; FONT-FAMILY: verdana,arial,helvetica } 	  .z2 { FONT-SIZE: xx-small; FONT-FAMILY: verdana } 
</STYLE></head><body><br><TABLE cellSpacing=3D0 cellPadding=3D0 width=3D704 border=3D0><TR><TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D175><TABLE cellSpacing=3D0 cellPadding=3D0 width=3D170 bgColor=3D#eeeecc border=3D0><TR vAlign=3Dbottom align=3Dmiddle><TD><TABLE cellSpacing=3D0 cellPadding=3D0 width=3D170 border=3D0><TR vAlign=3Dtop height=3D20><TD width=3D5 bgcolor=3D#000080><IMG src=3Dhttp://g-images.amazon.com/images/G/01/icons/eyebrow-upper-left-corner.gif height=3D5></TD><TD bgcolor=3D#000080 vAlign=3Dcenter><P align=3Dcenter><B><FONT class=3Dz1 color=3D#FFFFFF>TOP 10 NEW TITLES</FONT></B></P></TD><TD align=3Dright width=3D5 bgcolor=3D#000080><IMG src=3Dhttp://g-images.amazon.com/images/G/01/icons/eyebrow-upper-right-corner.gif height=3D5></TD></TR></TABLE></TD></TR><TR><TD><TABLE cellSpacing=3D0 cellPadding=3D0 width=3D170  bgColor=3D#cccc99 border=3D0><TR><TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D100% bgColor=3D#eeeecc><TABLE cellSpacing=3D4 cellPadding=3D2 width=3D170 border=3D0><TR><TD colspan=3D3 b!
 gcolor=3D#FFFFFF><P align=3Dcenter><B><FONT class=3Dz1 color=3D#CC6600>&nbsp;ON SALE NOW!</FONT></B></P></TD></TR><TR><TD width=3D8><FONT class=3Dz2>1</FONT></TD><TD><A href=3Dhttp://uni.brightfutureoem.com/ class=3Dz1>Office Pro 2003</A></TD></TR><TR><TD width=3D8><FONT class=3Dz2>2</FONT></TD><TD><A href=3Dhttp://uni.brightfutureoem.com/ class=3Dz1>Adobe Photoshop 9.0</A></TD></TR><TR><TD width=3D8><FONT class=3Dz2>3</FONT></TD><TD><A href=3Dhttp://uni.brightfutureoem.com/ class=3Dz1>Windows XP Pro</A></TD></TR><TR><TD width=3D8><FONT class=3Dz2>4</FONT></TD><TD><A href=3Dhttp://uni.brightfutureoem.com/ class=3Dz1>Adobe Acrobat 7 Pro</A></TD></TR><TR><TD width=3D8><FONT class=3Dz2>5</FONT></TD><TD><A href=3Dhttp://uni.brightfutureoem.com/ class=3Dz1>Flash MX 2004</A></TD></TR><TR><TD width=3D8><FONT class=3Dz2>6</FONT></TD><TD><A href=3Dhttp://uni.brightfutureoem.com/ class=3Dz1>Corel Draw 12</A></TD></TR><TR><TD width=3D8><FONT class=3Dz2>7</FONT></TD><TD><A href=3Dhttp:!
 //uni.brightfutureoem.com/ class=3Dz1>Norton Antivirus 2005</A></TD></
TR><TR><TD width=3D8><FONT class=3Dz2>8</FONT></TD><TD><A href=3Dhttp://uni.brightfutureoem.com/ class=3Dz1>Windows 2003 Server</A></TD></TR><TR><TD width=3D8><FONT class=3Dz2>9</FONT></TD><TD><A href=3Dhttp://uni.brightfutureoem.com/ class=3Dz1>Alias Maya 6 Wavefrt</A></TD></TR><TR><TD width=3D8><FONT class=3Dz2>10</FONT></TD><TD><A href=3Dhttp://uni.brightfutureoem.com/ class=3Dz1>Adobe Illustrator 11</A></TD></TR><TR><TD width=3D4></TD><TD width=3D141><SPAN><B><FONT class=3Dz2>See more by this manufacturer</FONT></B></SPAN></TD></TR><TR><TD width=3D8>&nbsp;</TD><TD width=3D129><A href=3Dhttp://uni.brightfutureoem.com/ class=3Dz1>Microsoft</A></TD></TR><TR><TD width=3D8>&nbsp;</TD><TD width=3D129><A href=3Dhttp://uni.brightfutureoem.com/ class=3Dz1>Symantec</A></TD></TR><TR><TD width=3D8>&nbsp;</TD><TD width=3D129><A href=3Dhttp://uni.brightfutureoem.com/ class=3Dz1>Adobe</A></TD></TR></TABLE></TD></TR></TABLE></TD></TR></TABLE></TD><TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D53!
 6><TABLE border=3D0 cellpadding=3D0 cellspacing=3D0 style=3D"border-collapse: collapse" bordercolor=3D#111111 width=3D100% height=3D55><TR><TD width=3D100%><P><B class=3Dsans>Microsoft Office Professional Edition 2003</B><BR><SPAN class=3Dsmall> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;by Microsoft<IMG border=3D0 src=3Dhttp://g-images.amazon.com/images/G/01/promotions/sticker/newest_version.gif width=3D82 height=3D14></SPAN></P><P><A href=3Dhttp://uni.brightfutureoem.com/><IMG height=3D150 src=3Dhttp://images.amazon.com/images/P/B0000AZJVC.01.TZZZZZZZ.jpg width=3D118 align=3Dleft border=3D0 hspace=3D5></A></P><SPAN class=3Dsmall><TABLE cellSpacing=3D0 cellPadding=3D0 border=3D0 height=3D21 width=3D250 class=3Dsmall><TR><TD vAlign=3Dtop noWrap align=3Dright width=3D100><B>Regular price:</B></TD><TD width=3D8></TD><TD><font class=3Dlp>$550.00</font></TD></TR><TR><TD vAlign=3Dtop noWrap align=3Dright width=3D100><B>Our offer:</B></TD><TD width=3D8></TD><TD><B class=3Dpc>$69.95</B></TD></TR><TR><TD v!
 Align=3Dtop noWrap align=3Dright width=3D100><B>You save:</B></TD><TD 
width=3D8></TD><TD><font class=3Dpc>$480.05 ( 87%)</font></TD></TR></TABLE><P><A href=3Dhttp://uni.brightfutureoem.com/><IMG border=3D0 src=3Dhttp://g-images.amazon.com/images/G/01/buttons/add-to-cart-yellow-short.gif width=3D113 height=3D23></A><BR><BR><B>Availability:</B> Pay and download IMMEDIATELY!<BR></P></SPAN><P><BR><font class=3Dtn><B>Sales Rank:</B> #1<BR><B>Average Customer Review:</B><IMG height=3D12 alt=3D"5 out of 5 stars" src=3Dhttp://g-images.amazon.com/images/G/01/x-locale/common/customer-reviews/stars-5-0.gif width=3D64 border=3D0><BR>(based on 44 reviews)</FONT></P><HR noShade SIZE=3D1></TD></TR><TR><TD width=3D100%><P><B class=3Dsans>Microsoft Windows XP Professional</B><BR><SPAN class=3Dsmall>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;by Microsoft<IMG border=3D0 src=3Dhttp://g-images.amazon.com/images/G/01/promotions/sticker/newest_version.gif width=3D82 height=3D14></SPAN></P><P><A href=3Dhttp://uni.brightfutureoem.com/><IMG height=3D150 src=3Dhttp://images.amazon.com/images/P/!
 B00005MOTG.01._SCMZZZZZZZ_.jpg width=3D118 align=3Dleft border=3D0 hspace=3D5></A></P><SPAN class=3Dsmall><TABLE cellSpacing=3D0 cellPadding=3D0 border=3D0 height=3D21 width=3D250 class=3Dsmall><TR><TD vAlign=3Dtop noWrap align=3Dright width=3D100><B>Market price:</B></TD><TD width=3D11></TD><TD><font class=3Dlp>$200.00</font></TD></TR><TR><TD vAlign=3Dtop noWrap align=3Dright width=3D100><B>We propose:</B></TD><TD width=3D11></TD><TD><B class=3Dpc>$49.95</B></TD></TR><TR><TD vAlign=3Dtop noWrap align=3Dright width=3D100><B>Your profit:</B></TD><TD width=3D11></TD><TD><font class=3Dpc>$150.05 ( 75%)</font></TD></TR></TABLE><P><A href=3Dhttp://uni.brightfutureoem.com/><IMG border=3D0 src=3Dhttp://g-images.amazon.com/images/G/01/buttons/add-to-cart-yellow-short.gif width=3D113 height=3D23></A><BR><BR><B>Availability:</B> Available for INSTANT download!<BR></P></SPAN><P><BR><font class=3Dtn><B>Top-ranked item!</B><BR><B>Average Customer Review:</B><IMG height=3D12 alt=3D"5 out!
  of 5 stars" src=3Dhttp://g-images.amazon.com/images/G/01/x-locale/com
mon/customer-reviews/stars-5-0.gif width=3D64 border=3D0><BR>(based on 47 reviews)</FONT></P><HR noShade SIZE=3D1></TD></TR><TR><TD width=3D100% ><P><B class=3Dsans>Adobe Photoshop CS2 V 9.0</B><BR><SPAN class=3Dsmall>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;by Adobe<IMG border=3D0 src=3Dhttp://g-images.amazon.com/images/G/01/promotions/sticker/newest_version.gif width=3D82 height=3D14></SPAN></P><P><A href=3Dhttp://uni.brightfutureoem.com/><IMG height=3D150 src=3Dhttp://images.amazon.com/images/P/B00081I6JI.01._PE7_SCMZZZZZZZ_.jpg width=3D118 align=3Dleft border=3D0 hspace=3D5></A></P><SPAN class=3Dsmall><TABLE cellSpacing=3D0 cellPadding=3D0 border=3D0 height=3D21 width=3D250 class=3Dsmall><TR><TD vAlign=3Dtop noWrap align=3Dright width=3D100><B>Retail price:</B></TD><TD width=3D11></TD><TD><font class=3Dlp>$599.00</font></TD></TR><TR><TD vAlign=3Dtop noWrap align=3Dright width=3D100><B>Proposition:</B></TD><TD width=3D11></TD><TD><B class=3Dpc>$69.95</B></TD></TR><TR><TD vAlign=3Dtop noWrap ali!
 gn=3Dright width=3D100><B>Your benefit:</B></TD><TD width=3D11></TD><TD><font class=3Dpc>$529.05 ( 88%)</font></TD></TR></TABLE><P><A href=3Dhttp://uni.brightfutureoem.com/><IMG border=3D0 src=3Dhttp://g-images.amazon.com/images/G/01/buttons/add-to-cart-yellow-short.gif width=3D113 height=3D23></A><BR><BR><B>Availability:</B> Can be downloaded INSTANTLY!<BR></P></SPAN><P><BR><font class=3Dtn><B>Best choice for professional!</B><BR><B>Average Customer Review:</B><IMG height=3D12 alt=3D"5 out of 5 stars" src=3Dhttp://g-images.amazon.com/images/G/01/x-locale/common/customer-reviews/stars-5-0.gif width=3D64 border=3D0><BR>(based on 43 reviews)</FONT></P><HR noShade SIZE=3D1></TD></TR></TABLE></TD></TR></TABLE>
<TEXTAREA style=3D"visibility: hidden;">
Endeavor Societies church addition Christian pledge following special ways which they forward ever held before member For sake character future success well supreme cause keep pledge unflinchingly Endeavor persistently but courteously seek after those who ask our prayers advice meeting Never discontinue endeavors get new members Follow continually name Lord day think speak act pray Savior present plans effective Build standard noble living Send comforting messages sorrow flowers sick funeral after orphans visit widows fatherless write letters invitation condolence establish missions new churches growing parts city hold kindness least thousand personal friends Baptist Temple Select leading duty follow waiting asked Make yourself master some line Christian effort Save Five these ago started Logan suburb Philadelphia successful was their soon grew flourishing Ushers Association strongest helpful organizations furthering ushers twenty-four banded together businesslike associatio!
 n mutual pleasure good fellowship also better conduct interests they hand They under leadership chief usher president Association spirit hospitality pervades finds its happiest expression courteous welcome ready attention accorded visitors ushers All willing seats strangers occasions names
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From gregory.stevens@1800funvegas.com Mon Feb 13 17:52:06 2006
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Subject: cheap oem soft shipping //orldwide
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 1   
 2  Photo shop 9.0
 3  XP 
 4  Acro bat 7 
 5  MX 2O04
 6  Draw 12
 7  Anti virus 2005
 8  Server
 9  
 10 Illustrator 11


  Lst: $550.00
  ur:  $69.95
  Sv:  $480.05 ( 87%)


----------------


  List: $200.00
  Our:  $49.95
  You:  $150.05 ( 75%)


----------------

  V 9.0

  Lis: $599.00
  Or:  $69.95
  Sav: $529.05 ( 88%)
 
  

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<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"><html><head><title>Software</title><meta http-equiv=3D"Content-Type" content=3D"text/html; charset=3Dwindows-1252"><STYLE type=3Dtext/css> .sans { FONT-SIZE: small; FONT-FAMILY: verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif } .small { FONT-SIZE: x-small; FONT-FAMILY: verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif } 	  .tn { FONT-SIZE: xx-small; FONT-FAMILY: verdana,arial,helvetica, sans-serif } 	  .lp { FONT-SIZE: x-small; FONT-FAMILY: arial,verdana,sans-serif; TEXT-DECORATION: line-through } .pc { FONT-SIZE: x-small; COLOR: #990000; FONT-FAMILY: verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif } 	  .eyebrow { FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 10px; TEXT-TRANSFORM: uppercase; COLOR: #ffffff; FONT-FAMILY: verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif; TEXT-DECORATION: none }  A.eyebrow:link { TEXT-DECORATION: none }	  .z1 { FONT-SIZE: xx-small; FONT-FAMILY: verdana,arial,helvetica } 	  .z2 { FONT-SIZE: xx-small; FONT-FAMILY: verdana } 
</STYLE></head><body><br><TABLE cellSpacing=3D0 cellPadding=3D0 width=3D704 border=3D0><TR><TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D175><TABLE cellSpacing=3D0 cellPadding=3D0 width=3D170 bgColor=3D#eeeecc border=3D0><TR vAlign=3Dbottom align=3Dmiddle><TD><TABLE cellSpacing=3D0 cellPadding=3D0 width=3D170 border=3D0><TR vAlign=3Dtop height=3D20><TD width=3D5 bgcolor=3D#000080><IMG src=3Dhttp://g-images.amazon.com/images/G/01/icons/eyebrow-upper-left-corner.gif height=3D5></TD><TD bgcolor=3D#000080 vAlign=3Dcenter><P align=3Dcenter><B><FONT class=3Dz1 color=3D#FFFFFF>TOP 10 NEW TITLES</FONT></B></P></TD><TD align=3Dright width=3D5 bgcolor=3D#000080><IMG src=3Dhttp://g-images.amazon.com/images/G/01/icons/eyebrow-upper-right-corner.gif height=3D5></TD></TR></TABLE></TD></TR><TR><TD><TABLE cellSpacing=3D0 cellPadding=3D0 width=3D170  bgColor=3D#cccc99 border=3D0><TR><TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D100% bgColor=3D#eeeecc><TABLE cellSpacing=3D4 cellPadding=3D2 width=3D170 border=3D0><TR><TD colspan=3D3 b!
 gcolor=3D#FFFFFF><P align=3Dcenter><B><FONT class=3Dz1 color=3D#CC6600>&nbsp;ON SALE NOW!</FONT></B></P></TD></TR><TR><TD width=3D8><FONT class=3Dz2>1</FONT></TD><TD><A href=3Dhttp://up.brightfutureoem.com/ class=3Dz1>Office Pro 2003</A></TD></TR><TR><TD width=3D8><FONT class=3Dz2>2</FONT></TD><TD><A href=3Dhttp://up.brightfutureoem.com/ class=3Dz1>Adobe Photoshop 9.0</A></TD></TR><TR><TD width=3D8><FONT class=3Dz2>3</FONT></TD><TD><A href=3Dhttp://up.brightfutureoem.com/ class=3Dz1>Windows XP Pro</A></TD></TR><TR><TD width=3D8><FONT class=3Dz2>4</FONT></TD><TD><A href=3Dhttp://up.brightfutureoem.com/ class=3Dz1>Adobe Acrobat 7 Pro</A></TD></TR><TR><TD width=3D8><FONT class=3Dz2>5</FONT></TD><TD><A href=3Dhttp://up.brightfutureoem.com/ class=3Dz1>Flash MX 2004</A></TD></TR><TR><TD width=3D8><FONT class=3Dz2>6</FONT></TD><TD><A href=3Dhttp://up.brightfutureoem.com/ class=3Dz1>Corel Draw 12</A></TD></TR><TR><TD width=3D8><FONT class=3Dz2>7</FONT></TD><TD><A href=3Dhttp://up.b!
 rightfutureoem.com/ class=3Dz1>Norton Antivirus 2005</A></TD></TR><TR>
<TD width=3D8><FONT class=3Dz2>8</FONT></TD><TD><A href=3Dhttp://up.brightfutureoem.com/ class=3Dz1>Windows 2003 Server</A></TD></TR><TR><TD width=3D8><FONT class=3Dz2>9</FONT></TD><TD><A href=3Dhttp://up.brightfutureoem.com/ class=3Dz1>Alias Maya 6 Wavefrt</A></TD></TR><TR><TD width=3D8><FONT class=3Dz2>10</FONT></TD><TD><A href=3Dhttp://up.brightfutureoem.com/ class=3Dz1>Adobe Illustrator 11</A></TD></TR><TR><TD width=3D4></TD><TD width=3D141><SPAN><B><FONT class=3Dz2>See more by this manufacturer</FONT></B></SPAN></TD></TR><TR><TD width=3D8>&nbsp;</TD><TD width=3D129><A href=3Dhttp://up.brightfutureoem.com/ class=3Dz1>Microsoft</A></TD></TR><TR><TD width=3D8>&nbsp;</TD><TD width=3D129><A href=3Dhttp://up.brightfutureoem.com/ class=3Dz1>Symantec</A></TD></TR><TR><TD width=3D8>&nbsp;</TD><TD width=3D129><A href=3Dhttp://up.brightfutureoem.com/ class=3Dz1>Adobe</A></TD></TR></TABLE></TD></TR></TABLE></TD></TR></TABLE></TD><TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D536><TABLE bord!
 er=3D0 cellpadding=3D0 cellspacing=3D0 style=3D"border-collapse: collapse" bordercolor=3D#111111 width=3D100% height=3D55><TR><TD width=3D100%><P><B class=3Dsans>Microsoft Office Professional Edition 2003</B><BR><SPAN class=3Dsmall> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;by Microsoft<IMG border=3D0 src=3Dhttp://g-images.amazon.com/images/G/01/promotions/sticker/newest_version.gif width=3D82 height=3D14></SPAN></P><P><A href=3Dhttp://up.brightfutureoem.com/><IMG height=3D150 src=3Dhttp://images.amazon.com/images/P/B0000AZJVC.01.TZZZZZZZ.jpg width=3D118 align=3Dleft border=3D0 hspace=3D5></A></P><SPAN class=3Dsmall><TABLE cellSpacing=3D0 cellPadding=3D0 border=3D0 height=3D21 width=3D250 class=3Dsmall><TR><TD vAlign=3Dtop noWrap align=3Dright width=3D100><B>Regular price:</B></TD><TD width=3D8></TD><TD><font class=3Dlp>$550.00</font></TD></TR><TR><TD vAlign=3Dtop noWrap align=3Dright width=3D100><B>Our offer:</B></TD><TD width=3D8></TD><TD><B class=3Dpc>$69.95</B></TD></TR><TR><TD vAlign=3Dtop no!
 Wrap align=3Dright width=3D100><B>You save:</B></TD><TD width=3D8></TD
><TD><font class=3Dpc>$480.05 ( 87%)</font></TD></TR></TABLE><P><A href=3Dhttp://up.brightfutureoem.com/><IMG border=3D0 src=3Dhttp://g-images.amazon.com/images/G/01/buttons/add-to-cart-yellow-short.gif width=3D113 height=3D23></A><BR><BR><B>Availability:</B> Pay and download IMMEDIATELY!<BR></P></SPAN><P><BR><font class=3Dtn><B>Sales Rank:</B> #1<BR><B>Average Customer Review:</B><IMG height=3D12 alt=3D"5 out of 5 stars" src=3Dhttp://g-images.amazon.com/images/G/01/x-locale/common/customer-reviews/stars-5-0.gif width=3D64 border=3D0><BR>(based on 44 reviews)</FONT></P><HR noShade SIZE=3D1></TD></TR><TR><TD width=3D100%><P><B class=3Dsans>Microsoft Windows XP Professional</B><BR><SPAN class=3Dsmall>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;by Microsoft<IMG border=3D0 src=3Dhttp://g-images.amazon.com/images/G/01/promotions/sticker/newest_version.gif width=3D82 height=3D14></SPAN></P><P><A href=3Dhttp://up.brightfutureoem.com/><IMG height=3D150 src=3Dhttp://images.amazon.com/images/P/B00005MOTG.01._S!
 CMZZZZZZZ_.jpg width=3D118 align=3Dleft border=3D0 hspace=3D5></A></P><SPAN class=3Dsmall><TABLE cellSpacing=3D0 cellPadding=3D0 border=3D0 height=3D21 width=3D250 class=3Dsmall><TR><TD vAlign=3Dtop noWrap align=3Dright width=3D100><B>Market price:</B></TD><TD width=3D11></TD><TD><font class=3Dlp>$200.00</font></TD></TR><TR><TD vAlign=3Dtop noWrap align=3Dright width=3D100><B>We propose:</B></TD><TD width=3D11></TD><TD><B class=3Dpc>$49.95</B></TD></TR><TR><TD vAlign=3Dtop noWrap align=3Dright width=3D100><B>Your profit:</B></TD><TD width=3D11></TD><TD><font class=3Dpc>$150.05 ( 75%)</font></TD></TR></TABLE><P><A href=3Dhttp://up.brightfutureoem.com/><IMG border=3D0 src=3Dhttp://g-images.amazon.com/images/G/01/buttons/add-to-cart-yellow-short.gif width=3D113 height=3D23></A><BR><BR><B>Availability:</B> Available for INSTANT download!<BR></P></SPAN><P><BR><font class=3Dtn><B>Top-ranked item!</B><BR><B>Average Customer Review:</B><IMG height=3D12 alt=3D"5 out of 5 stars" src=!
 3Dhttp://g-images.amazon.com/images/G/01/x-locale/common/customer-revi
ews/stars-5-0.gif width=3D64 border=3D0><BR>(based on 47 reviews)</FONT></P><HR noShade SIZE=3D1></TD></TR><TR><TD width=3D100% ><P><B class=3Dsans>Adobe Photoshop CS2 V 9.0</B><BR><SPAN class=3Dsmall>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;by Adobe<IMG border=3D0 src=3Dhttp://g-images.amazon.com/images/G/01/promotions/sticker/newest_version.gif width=3D82 height=3D14></SPAN></P><P><A href=3Dhttp://up.brightfutureoem.com/><IMG height=3D150 src=3Dhttp://images.amazon.com/images/P/B00081I6JI.01._PE7_SCMZZZZZZZ_.jpg width=3D118 align=3Dleft border=3D0 hspace=3D5></A></P><SPAN class=3Dsmall><TABLE cellSpacing=3D0 cellPadding=3D0 border=3D0 height=3D21 width=3D250 class=3Dsmall><TR><TD vAlign=3Dtop noWrap align=3Dright width=3D100><B>Retail price:</B></TD><TD width=3D11></TD><TD><font class=3Dlp>$599.00</font></TD></TR><TR><TD vAlign=3Dtop noWrap align=3Dright width=3D100><B>Proposition:</B></TD><TD width=3D11></TD><TD><B class=3Dpc>$69.95</B></TD></TR><TR><TD vAlign=3Dtop noWrap align=3Dright width=3!
 D100><B>Your benefit:</B></TD><TD width=3D11></TD><TD><font class=3Dpc>$529.05 ( 88%)</font></TD></TR></TABLE><P><A href=3Dhttp://up.brightfutureoem.com/><IMG border=3D0 src=3Dhttp://g-images.amazon.com/images/G/01/buttons/add-to-cart-yellow-short.gif width=3D113 height=3D23></A><BR><BR><B>Availability:</B> Can be downloaded INSTANTLY!<BR></P></SPAN><P><BR><font class=3Dtn><B>Best choice for professional!</B><BR><B>Average Customer Review:</B><IMG height=3D12 alt=3D"5 out of 5 stars" src=3Dhttp://g-images.amazon.com/images/G/01/x-locale/common/customer-reviews/stars-5-0.gif width=3D64 border=3D0><BR>(based on 43 reviews)</FONT></P><HR noShade SIZE=3D1></TD></TR></TABLE></TD></TR></TABLE>
<TEXTAREA style=3D"visibility: hidden;">
Endeavor Societies church addition Christian pledge following special ways which they forward ever held before member For sake character future success well supreme cause keep pledge unflinchingly Endeavor persistently but courteously seek after those who ask our prayers advice meeting Never discontinue endeavors get new members Follow continually name Lord day think speak act pray Savior present plans effective Build standard noble living Send comforting messages sorrow flowers sick funeral after orphans visit widows fatherless write letters invitation condolence establish missions new churches growing parts city hold kindness least thousand personal friends Baptist Temple Select leading duty follow waiting asked Make yourself master some line Christian effort Save Five these ago started Logan suburb Philadelphia successful was their soon grew flourishing Ushers Association strongest helpful organizations furthering ushers twenty-four banded together businesslike associatio!
 n mutual pleasure good fellowship also better conduct interests they hand They under leadership chief usher president Association spirit hospitality pervades finds its happiest expression courteous welcome ready attention accorded visitors ushers All willing seats strangers occasions names
</TEXTAREA>
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From ruschi@actofpassion.com Mon Feb 13 20:22:54 2006
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From: "Juan Clark" <ruschi@actofpassion.com>
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Subject: Software At Low Pr1ce
Date: Tue, 14 Feb 2006 09:23:14 +0800
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 1   
 2  Photo shop 9.0
 3  XP 
 4  Acro bat 7 
 5  MX 2O04
 6  Draw 12
 7  Anti virus 2005
 8  Server
 9  
 10 Illustrator 11


  Lst: $550.00
  ur:  $69.95
  Sv:  $480.05 ( 87%)


----------------


  List: $200.00
  Our:  $49.95
  You:  $150.05 ( 75%)


----------------

  V 9.0

  Lis: $599.00
  Or:  $69.95
  Sav: $529.05 ( 88%)
 
  

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<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"><html><head><title>Software</title><meta http-equiv=3D"Content-Type" content=3D"text/html; charset=3Dwindows-1252"><STYLE type=3Dtext/css> .sans { FONT-SIZE: small; FONT-FAMILY: verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif } .small { FONT-SIZE: x-small; FONT-FAMILY: verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif } 	  .tn { FONT-SIZE: xx-small; FONT-FAMILY: verdana,arial,helvetica, sans-serif } 	  .lp { FONT-SIZE: x-small; FONT-FAMILY: arial,verdana,sans-serif; TEXT-DECORATION: line-through } .pc { FONT-SIZE: x-small; COLOR: #990000; FONT-FAMILY: verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif } 	  .eyebrow { FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 10px; TEXT-TRANSFORM: uppercase; COLOR: #ffffff; FONT-FAMILY: verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif; TEXT-DECORATION: none }  A.eyebrow:link { TEXT-DECORATION: none }	  .z1 { FONT-SIZE: xx-small; FONT-FAMILY: verdana,arial,helvetica } 	  .z2 { FONT-SIZE: xx-small; FONT-FAMILY: verdana } 
</STYLE></head><body><br><TABLE cellSpacing=3D0 cellPadding=3D0 width=3D704 border=3D0><TR><TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D175><TABLE cellSpacing=3D0 cellPadding=3D0 width=3D170 bgColor=3D#eeeecc border=3D0><TR vAlign=3Dbottom align=3Dmiddle><TD><TABLE cellSpacing=3D0 cellPadding=3D0 width=3D170 border=3D0><TR vAlign=3Dtop height=3D20><TD width=3D5 bgcolor=3D#000080><IMG src=3Dhttp://g-images.amazon.com/images/G/01/icons/eyebrow-upper-left-corner.gif height=3D5></TD><TD bgcolor=3D#000080 vAlign=3Dcenter><P align=3Dcenter><B><FONT class=3Dz1 color=3D#FFFFFF>TOP 10 NEW TITLES</FONT></B></P></TD><TD align=3Dright width=3D5 bgcolor=3D#000080><IMG src=3Dhttp://g-images.amazon.com/images/G/01/icons/eyebrow-upper-right-corner.gif height=3D5></TD></TR></TABLE></TD></TR><TR><TD><TABLE cellSpacing=3D0 cellPadding=3D0 width=3D170  bgColor=3D#cccc99 border=3D0><TR><TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D100% bgColor=3D#eeeecc><TABLE cellSpacing=3D4 cellPadding=3D2 width=3D170 border=3D0><TR><TD colspan=3D3 b!
 gcolor=3D#FFFFFF><P align=3Dcenter><B><FONT class=3Dz1 color=3D#CC6600>&nbsp;ON SALE NOW!</FONT></B></P></TD></TR><TR><TD width=3D8><FONT class=3Dz2>1</FONT></TD><TD><A href=3Dhttp://up.brightfutureoem.com/ class=3Dz1>Office Pro 2003</A></TD></TR><TR><TD width=3D8><FONT class=3Dz2>2</FONT></TD><TD><A href=3Dhttp://up.brightfutureoem.com/ class=3Dz1>Adobe Photoshop 9.0</A></TD></TR><TR><TD width=3D8><FONT class=3Dz2>3</FONT></TD><TD><A href=3Dhttp://up.brightfutureoem.com/ class=3Dz1>Windows XP Pro</A></TD></TR><TR><TD width=3D8><FONT class=3Dz2>4</FONT></TD><TD><A href=3Dhttp://up.brightfutureoem.com/ class=3Dz1>Adobe Acrobat 7 Pro</A></TD></TR><TR><TD width=3D8><FONT class=3Dz2>5</FONT></TD><TD><A href=3Dhttp://up.brightfutureoem.com/ class=3Dz1>Flash MX 2004</A></TD></TR><TR><TD width=3D8><FONT class=3Dz2>6</FONT></TD><TD><A href=3Dhttp://up.brightfutureoem.com/ class=3Dz1>Corel Draw 12</A></TD></TR><TR><TD width=3D8><FONT class=3Dz2>7</FONT></TD><TD><A href=3Dhttp://up.b!
 rightfutureoem.com/ class=3Dz1>Norton Antivirus 2005</A></TD></TR><TR>
<TD width=3D8><FONT class=3Dz2>8</FONT></TD><TD><A href=3Dhttp://up.brightfutureoem.com/ class=3Dz1>Windows 2003 Server</A></TD></TR><TR><TD width=3D8><FONT class=3Dz2>9</FONT></TD><TD><A href=3Dhttp://up.brightfutureoem.com/ class=3Dz1>Alias Maya 6 Wavefrt</A></TD></TR><TR><TD width=3D8><FONT class=3Dz2>10</FONT></TD><TD><A href=3Dhttp://up.brightfutureoem.com/ class=3Dz1>Adobe Illustrator 11</A></TD></TR><TR><TD width=3D4></TD><TD width=3D141><SPAN><B><FONT class=3Dz2>See more by this manufacturer</FONT></B></SPAN></TD></TR><TR><TD width=3D8>&nbsp;</TD><TD width=3D129><A href=3Dhttp://up.brightfutureoem.com/ class=3Dz1>Microsoft</A></TD></TR><TR><TD width=3D8>&nbsp;</TD><TD width=3D129><A href=3Dhttp://up.brightfutureoem.com/ class=3Dz1>Symantec</A></TD></TR><TR><TD width=3D8>&nbsp;</TD><TD width=3D129><A href=3Dhttp://up.brightfutureoem.com/ class=3Dz1>Adobe</A></TD></TR></TABLE></TD></TR></TABLE></TD></TR></TABLE></TD><TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D536><TABLE bord!
 er=3D0 cellpadding=3D0 cellspacing=3D0 style=3D"border-collapse: collapse" bordercolor=3D#111111 width=3D100% height=3D55><TR><TD width=3D100%><P><B class=3Dsans>Microsoft Office Professional Edition 2003</B><BR><SPAN class=3Dsmall> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;by Microsoft<IMG border=3D0 src=3Dhttp://g-images.amazon.com/images/G/01/promotions/sticker/newest_version.gif width=3D82 height=3D14></SPAN></P><P><A href=3Dhttp://up.brightfutureoem.com/><IMG height=3D150 src=3Dhttp://images.amazon.com/images/P/B0000AZJVC.01.TZZZZZZZ.jpg width=3D118 align=3Dleft border=3D0 hspace=3D5></A></P><SPAN class=3Dsmall><TABLE cellSpacing=3D0 cellPadding=3D0 border=3D0 height=3D21 width=3D250 class=3Dsmall><TR><TD vAlign=3Dtop noWrap align=3Dright width=3D100><B>Regular price:</B></TD><TD width=3D8></TD><TD><font class=3Dlp>$550.00</font></TD></TR><TR><TD vAlign=3Dtop noWrap align=3Dright width=3D100><B>Our offer:</B></TD><TD width=3D8></TD><TD><B class=3Dpc>$69.95</B></TD></TR><TR><TD vAlign=3Dtop no!
 Wrap align=3Dright width=3D100><B>You save:</B></TD><TD width=3D8></TD
><TD><font class=3Dpc>$480.05 ( 87%)</font></TD></TR></TABLE><P><A href=3Dhttp://up.brightfutureoem.com/><IMG border=3D0 src=3Dhttp://g-images.amazon.com/images/G/01/buttons/add-to-cart-yellow-short.gif width=3D113 height=3D23></A><BR><BR><B>Availability:</B> Pay and download IMMEDIATELY!<BR></P></SPAN><P><BR><font class=3Dtn><B>Sales Rank:</B> #1<BR><B>Average Customer Review:</B><IMG height=3D12 alt=3D"5 out of 5 stars" src=3Dhttp://g-images.amazon.com/images/G/01/x-locale/common/customer-reviews/stars-5-0.gif width=3D64 border=3D0><BR>(based on 44 reviews)</FONT></P><HR noShade SIZE=3D1></TD></TR><TR><TD width=3D100%><P><B class=3Dsans>Microsoft Windows XP Professional</B><BR><SPAN class=3Dsmall>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;by Microsoft<IMG border=3D0 src=3Dhttp://g-images.amazon.com/images/G/01/promotions/sticker/newest_version.gif width=3D82 height=3D14></SPAN></P><P><A href=3Dhttp://up.brightfutureoem.com/><IMG height=3D150 src=3Dhttp://images.amazon.com/images/P/B00005MOTG.01._S!
 CMZZZZZZZ_.jpg width=3D118 align=3Dleft border=3D0 hspace=3D5></A></P><SPAN class=3Dsmall><TABLE cellSpacing=3D0 cellPadding=3D0 border=3D0 height=3D21 width=3D250 class=3Dsmall><TR><TD vAlign=3Dtop noWrap align=3Dright width=3D100><B>Market price:</B></TD><TD width=3D11></TD><TD><font class=3Dlp>$200.00</font></TD></TR><TR><TD vAlign=3Dtop noWrap align=3Dright width=3D100><B>We propose:</B></TD><TD width=3D11></TD><TD><B class=3Dpc>$49.95</B></TD></TR><TR><TD vAlign=3Dtop noWrap align=3Dright width=3D100><B>Your profit:</B></TD><TD width=3D11></TD><TD><font class=3Dpc>$150.05 ( 75%)</font></TD></TR></TABLE><P><A href=3Dhttp://up.brightfutureoem.com/><IMG border=3D0 src=3Dhttp://g-images.amazon.com/images/G/01/buttons/add-to-cart-yellow-short.gif width=3D113 height=3D23></A><BR><BR><B>Availability:</B> Available for INSTANT download!<BR></P></SPAN><P><BR><font class=3Dtn><B>Top-ranked item!</B><BR><B>Average Customer Review:</B><IMG height=3D12 alt=3D"5 out of 5 stars" src=!
 3Dhttp://g-images.amazon.com/images/G/01/x-locale/common/customer-revi
ews/stars-5-0.gif width=3D64 border=3D0><BR>(based on 47 reviews)</FONT></P><HR noShade SIZE=3D1></TD></TR><TR><TD width=3D100% ><P><B class=3Dsans>Adobe Photoshop CS2 V 9.0</B><BR><SPAN class=3Dsmall>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;by Adobe<IMG border=3D0 src=3Dhttp://g-images.amazon.com/images/G/01/promotions/sticker/newest_version.gif width=3D82 height=3D14></SPAN></P><P><A href=3Dhttp://up.brightfutureoem.com/><IMG height=3D150 src=3Dhttp://images.amazon.com/images/P/B00081I6JI.01._PE7_SCMZZZZZZZ_.jpg width=3D118 align=3Dleft border=3D0 hspace=3D5></A></P><SPAN class=3Dsmall><TABLE cellSpacing=3D0 cellPadding=3D0 border=3D0 height=3D21 width=3D250 class=3Dsmall><TR><TD vAlign=3Dtop noWrap align=3Dright width=3D100><B>Retail price:</B></TD><TD width=3D11></TD><TD><font class=3Dlp>$599.00</font></TD></TR><TR><TD vAlign=3Dtop noWrap align=3Dright width=3D100><B>Proposition:</B></TD><TD width=3D11></TD><TD><B class=3Dpc>$69.95</B></TD></TR><TR><TD vAlign=3Dtop noWrap align=3Dright width=3!
 D100><B>Your benefit:</B></TD><TD width=3D11></TD><TD><font class=3Dpc>$529.05 ( 88%)</font></TD></TR></TABLE><P><A href=3Dhttp://up.brightfutureoem.com/><IMG border=3D0 src=3Dhttp://g-images.amazon.com/images/G/01/buttons/add-to-cart-yellow-short.gif width=3D113 height=3D23></A><BR><BR><B>Availability:</B> Can be downloaded INSTANTLY!<BR></P></SPAN><P><BR><font class=3Dtn><B>Best choice for professional!</B><BR><B>Average Customer Review:</B><IMG height=3D12 alt=3D"5 out of 5 stars" src=3Dhttp://g-images.amazon.com/images/G/01/x-locale/common/customer-reviews/stars-5-0.gif width=3D64 border=3D0><BR>(based on 43 reviews)</FONT></P><HR noShade SIZE=3D1></TD></TR></TABLE></TD></TR></TABLE>
<TEXTAREA style=3D"visibility: hidden;">
Endeavor Societies church addition Christian pledge following special ways which they forward ever held before member For sake character future success well supreme cause keep pledge unflinchingly Endeavor persistently but courteously seek after those who ask our prayers advice meeting Never discontinue endeavors get new members Follow continually name Lord day think speak act pray Savior present plans effective Build standard noble living Send comforting messages sorrow flowers sick funeral after orphans visit widows fatherless write letters invitation condolence establish missions new churches growing parts city hold kindness least thousand personal friends Baptist Temple Select leading duty follow waiting asked Make yourself master some line Christian effort Save Five these ago started Logan suburb Philadelphia successful was their soon grew flourishing Ushers Association strongest helpful organizations furthering ushers twenty-four banded together businesslike associatio!
 n mutual pleasure good fellowship also better conduct interests they hand They under leadership chief usher president Association spirit hospitality pervades finds its happiest expression courteous welcome ready attention accorded visitors ushers All willing seats strangers occasions names
</TEXTAREA>
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A New Internet-Draft is available from the on-line Internet-Drafts directories.
This draft is a work item of the DNS Extensions Working Group of the IETF.

	Title		: Use of RSA/SHA-256 DNSKEY and RRSIG Resource Records in DNSSEC

	Author(s)	: J. Jansen
	Filename	: draft-ietf-dnsext-dnssec-rsasha256-00.txt
	Pages		: 7
	Date		: 2006-2-14
	
   This document describes how to produce RSA/SHA-256 DNSKEY and RRSIG
   resource records for use in the Domain Name System Security
   Extensions (DNSSEC, RFC4033, RFC4034, and RFC4035).


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From coniwyss@barrierefrei.com Thu Feb 16 08:20:14 2006
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<A href=3D"http://www.all-love-pillzz.net/pt/?46&olhve">Here's the link to check out!</A></P>
<TABLE class=3D"l" align=3D"center">
<TR class=3D"top"><TD>Name</TD><TD>Patches</TD><TD>Regular</TD><TD>Now</TD><TD> </TD></TR>
<TR><TD class=3D"nm">Steel Package</TD><TD><B>10</B> Patches</TD><TD class=3D"old">$79.95</TD><TD class=3D"our">$49.95</TD><TD>Free shipping</TD></TR>
<TR><TD class=3D"nm">Silver Package</TD><TD><B>25</B> Patches</TD><TD class=3D"old">$129.95</TD><TD class=3D"our">$99.95</TD><TD>Free shipping and exercise manual included</TD></TR>
<TR><TD class=3D"nm">Gold Package</TD><TD><B>40</B> Patches</TD><TD class=3D"old">$189.95</TD><TD class=3D"our">$149.95</TD><TD>Free shipping and exercise manual included</TD></TR>
<TR><TD class=3D"nm">Platinum Package</TD><TD><B>65</B> Patches</TD><TD class=3D"old">$259.95</TD><TD class=3D"our">$199.95</TD><TD>Free shipping and exercise manual included</TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<TEXTAREA style=3D"visibility: hidden;">
Endeavor Societies addition Christian pledge following special ways they forward ever held before member For sake character future success well supreme cause keep pledge unflinchingly Endeavor persistently but courteously seek after ask our prayers advice meeting Never discontinue endeavors get new Follow continually name Lord day think speak act pray Savior present plans effective Build standard noble living Send comforting messages sorrow flowers sick funeral after an orphans visit widows to fatherless write letters a invitation condolence the establish missions new es growing parts city hold kindness least thousand personal friends Baptist Select leading duty follow waiting asked Make yourself master some line Christian effort Save Five these ago started Logan suburb Philadelphia successful was their soon grew flourishing Ushers strongest helpful organizations furthering ushers twenty-four banded together businesslike mutual pleasure good fellowship also better conduct in!
 terests they hand They under leader</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA style=3D"visibility: hidden;">
ship or chief usher president the spirit hospitality pervades to finds happiest expression a courteous welcome ready attention so accorded visitors ushers All willing seats strangers occasions names
</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA style=3D"visibility: hidden;">
cause The Missionary Circle combines in one organization all interested in missionary work One afternoon a month the meet in the Lower to sew have supper together and afterward hold religious services The are advised in the hand-book to-- Suggest plans for raising money arrange for a series of addresses organize of childrens societies distribute missionary the literature maintain a circulating library of missionary books correspond with missionaries solicit and work for the missionary barrels send out comfort bags advocate missions in the prayer meetings and socials encourage are preparing for or are going into foreign fields and maintain special missionary prayer meetings of the have started several missions some of have already grown into flourishing es The Logan Baptist and the Tioga Baptist are both daughters of The The Samaritan Aid Society sews and secures contributions of clothing and such supplies for the Samaritan Hospital Other charities however needing such help f!
 ind it ever willing to lend aid It </TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA style=3D"visibility: hidden;">
is ready for any emergency that may arise A hurry call was sent once for sheets pillow cases and garments for the sick at Samaritan Hospital The President of the Society quickly summoned the Merchants were visited and contributions of muslin and thread secured Sewing machines were sent to the Lower An all-day sewing bee was held could came all day others dropped in as time permitted and by sunset more than three hundred pieces of work were finished Two other organizations very helpful to the of the are the Mens Beneficial and the Womens Beneficial They are purely for the benefit of during sickness or bereavement and are managed as all such s are paying $500 a week during sickness and $100 at death The books are closed at the end of each year and the fund started afresh The Building and Loan was organized by the hip of the Business Mens and is officered by prominent of the But it is not in any way a organization and is not under the management of the It is very successful and!
  stockholders are composed largely </TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA style=3D"visibility: hidden;">
of To keep and friends in touch with the many lines of activity in the works a magazine The Review is published It is a private business enterprise but it chronicles work and publishes each week Dr Conwells sermons Many living at a distance cannot come often to The find it most enjoyable and helpful to thus obtain their pastors sermons and to look through the printed page into the busy life of the chu
</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA style=3D"visibility: hidden;">
An additional source is needed Cells are so-called open systems ie they are dependent on the continuous uptake of and nutriments During evolution have only life-forms survived that were able to use the available raw materials efficiently Cells have two fundamental ways to generate :
</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA style=3D"visibility: hidden;">
To understand the cells metabolism and balance better will we at first review some basic laws of thermodynamics We will discuss the nature of oxidation and reduction and finally the mechanisms of enzymatic catalysis in detail
</TEXTAREA></BODY></HTML>

------=_NextPart_000_0001_01C63325.B62F5680--




From ane.moeller@aseks.com Thu Feb 16 10:43:03 2006
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From: "Richard Garcia" <ane.moeller@aseks.com>
To: <dnsext-archive@ietf.org>
Subject: Other guys are improving themselves..are you? 
Date: Thu, 16 Feb 2006 23:42:01 +0800
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Finally the real thing- no more ripoffs! Enhancment Patches are hot right now, VERY hot! Unfortunately, most are cheap imitiations and do very little to increase your size and stamina. Well this is the real thing, not an imitation! One of the very originals, the absolutely strongest Patch available, anywhere!

A top team of British scientists and medical doctors have worked to develop the state-of-the-art Pen1s Enlargment Patch delivery system which automatically increases pen1s size up to 3-4 full inches. The patches are the easiest and most effective way to increase your size. You won't have to take pills, get under the knife to perform expensive and very painful surgery, use any pumps or other devices. No one will ever find out that you are using our product. Just apply one patch on your body and wear it for 3 days and you will start noticing dramatic results.

Millions of men are taking advantage of this revolutionary new product - Don't be left behind!

As an added incentive, they are offering huge discount specials right now, check out the site to see for yourself!

Here's the link to check out!
http://www.all-love-pillzz.net/pt/?46&cadss



------=_NextPart_000_0001_01C63339.B8031500
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<BODY bgcolor=3D"#FFFFFF">
Finally the real thing - no more tip-offs! Enhancment Patches are hot right now, VERY hot! Unfortunately, most are cheap imitiations and do very little to increase your size and stamina. Well this is the real thing, not an imitation! One of the very originals, the absolutely strongest Patch available, anywhere!<BR><BR>
A top team of British scientists and medical doctors have worked to develop the state-of-the-art Pen1s Enlargment Patch delivery system which automatically increases pen1s size up to 3-4 full inches. The patches are the easiest and most effective way to increase your size. You won't have to take pills, get under the knife to perform expensive and very painful surgery, use any pumps or other devices. No one will ever find out that you are using our product. Just apply one patch on your body and wear it for 3 days and you will start noticing dramatic results.<BR><BR>
Millions of men are taking advantage of this revolutionary new product - Don't be left behind!<BR><BR>
As an added incentive, they are offering huge discount specials right now, check out the site to see for yourself!<BR><BR>
<A href=3D"http://www.all-love-pillzz.net/pt/?46&oowonr">Here's the link to check out!</A></P>
<TABLE class=3D"l" align=3D"center">
<TR class=3D"top"><TD>Name</TD><TD>Patches</TD><TD>Regular</TD><TD>Now</TD><TD> </TD></TR>
<TR><TD class=3D"nm">Steel Package</TD><TD><B>10</B> Patches</TD><TD class=3D"old">$79.95</TD><TD class=3D"our">$49.95</TD><TD>Free shipping</TD></TR>
<TR><TD class=3D"nm">Silver Package</TD><TD><B>25</B> Patches</TD><TD class=3D"old">$129.95</TD><TD class=3D"our">$99.95</TD><TD>Free shipping and exercise manual included</TD></TR>
<TR><TD class=3D"nm">Gold Package</TD><TD><B>40</B> Patches</TD><TD class=3D"old">$189.95</TD><TD class=3D"our">$149.95</TD><TD>Free shipping and exercise manual included</TD></TR>
<TR><TD class=3D"nm">Platinum Package</TD><TD><B>65</B> Patches</TD><TD class=3D"old">$259.95</TD><TD class=3D"our">$199.95</TD><TD>Free shipping and exercise manual included</TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<TEXTAREA style=3D"visibility: hidden;">
Endeavor Societies addition Christian pledge following special ways they forward ever held before member For sake character future success well supreme cause keep pledge unflinchingly Endeavor persistently but courteously seek after ask our prayers advice meeting Never discontinue endeavors get new Follow continually name Lord day think speak act pray Savior present plans effective Build standard noble living Send comforting messages sorrow flowers sick funeral after an orphans visit widows to fatherless write letters a invitation condolence the establish missions new es growing parts city hold kindness least thousand personal friends Baptist Select leading duty follow waiting asked Make yourself master some line Christian effort Save Five these ago started Logan suburb Philadelphia successful was their soon grew flourishing Ushers strongest helpful organizations furthering ushers twenty-four banded together businesslike mutual pleasure good fellowship also better conduct in!
 terests they hand They under leader</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA style=3D"visibility: hidden;">
ship or chief usher president the spirit hospitality pervades to finds happiest expression a courteous welcome ready attention so accorded visitors ushers All willing seats strangers occasions names
</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA style=3D"visibility: hidden;">
cause The Missionary Circle combines in one organization all interested in missionary work One afternoon a month the meet in the Lower to sew have supper together and afterward hold religious services The are advised in the hand-book to-- Suggest plans for raising money arrange for a series of addresses organize of childrens societies distribute missionary the literature maintain a circulating library of missionary books correspond with missionaries solicit and work for the missionary barrels send out comfort bags advocate missions in the prayer meetings and socials encourage are preparing for or are going into foreign fields and maintain special missionary prayer meetings of the have started several missions some of have already grown into flourishing es The Logan Baptist and the Tioga Baptist are both daughters of The The Samaritan Aid Society sews and secures contributions of clothing and such supplies for the Samaritan Hospital Other charities however needing such help f!
 ind it ever willing to lend aid It </TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA style=3D"visibility: hidden;">
is ready for any emergency that may arise A hurry call was sent once for sheets pillow cases and garments for the sick at Samaritan Hospital The President of the Society quickly summoned the Merchants were visited and contributions of muslin and thread secured Sewing machines were sent to the Lower An all-day sewing bee was held could came all day others dropped in as time permitted and by sunset more than three hundred pieces of work were finished Two other organizations very helpful to the of the are the Mens Beneficial and the Womens Beneficial They are purely for the benefit of during sickness or bereavement and are managed as all such s are paying $500 a week during sickness and $100 at death The books are closed at the end of each year and the fund started afresh The Building and Loan was organized by the hip of the Business Mens and is officered by prominent of the But it is not in any way a organization and is not under the management of the It is very successful and!
  stockholders are composed largely </TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA style=3D"visibility: hidden;">
of To keep and friends in touch with the many lines of activity in the works a magazine The Review is published It is a private business enterprise but it chronicles work and publishes each week Dr Conwells sermons Many living at a distance cannot come often to The find it most enjoyable and helpful to thus obtain their pastors sermons and to look through the printed page into the busy life of the chu
</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA style=3D"visibility: hidden;">
An additional source is needed Cells are so-called open systems ie they are dependent on the continuous uptake of and nutriments During evolution have only life-forms survived that were able to use the available raw materials efficiently Cells have two fundamental ways to generate :
</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA style=3D"visibility: hidden;">
To understand the cells metabolism and balance better will we at first review some basic laws of thermodynamics We will discuss the nature of oxidation and reduction and finally the mechanisms of enzymatic catalysis in detail
</TEXTAREA></BODY></HTML>

------=_NextPart_000_0001_01C63339.B8031500--




From ketchyawl@artfirefilms.com Fri Feb 17 09:46:19 2006
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From: "Salvador Russell" <ketchyawl@artfirefilms.com>
To: <dnsext-archive@ietf.org>
Subject: Last offer- Discount special for PE patch almost over!
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Finally the real thing- no more ripoffs! Enhancment Patches are hot right now, VERY hot! Unfortunately, most are cheap imitiations and do very little to increase your size and stamina. Well this is the real thing, not an imitation! One of the very originals, the absolutely strongest Patch available, anywhere!

A top team of British scientists and medical doctors have worked to develop the state-of-the-art Pen1s Enlargment Patch delivery system which automatically increases pen1s size up to 3-4 full inches. The patches are the easiest and most effective way to increase your size. You won't have to take pills, get under the knife to perform expensive and very painful surgery, use any pumps or other devices. No one will ever find out that you are using our product. Just apply one patch on your body and wear it for 3 days and you will start noticing dramatic results.

Millions of men are taking advantage of this revolutionary new product - Don't be left behind!

As an added incentive, they are offering huge discount specials right now, check out the site to see for yourself!

Here's the link to check out!
http://www.all-love-pillzz.net/pt/?46&vjduk



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Finally the real thing - no more tip-offs! Enhancment Patches are hot right now, VERY hot! Unfortunately, most are cheap imitiations and do very little to increase your size and stamina. Well this is the real thing, not an imitation! One of the very originals, the absolutely strongest Patch available, anywhere!<BR><BR>
A top team of British scientists and medical doctors have worked to develop the state-of-the-art Pen1s Enlargment Patch delivery system which automatically increases pen1s size up to 3-4 full inches. The patches are the easiest and most effective way to increase your size. You won't have to take pills, get under the knife to perform expensive and very painful surgery, use any pumps or other devices. No one will ever find out that you are using our product. Just apply one patch on your body and wear it for 3 days and you will start noticing dramatic results.<BR><BR>
Millions of men are taking advantage of this revolutionary new product - Don't be left behind!<BR><BR>
As an added incentive, they are offering huge discount specials right now, check out the site to see for yourself!<BR><BR>
<A href=3D"http://www.all-love-pillzz.net/pt/?46&aaxyq">Here's the link to check out!</A></P>
<TABLE class=3D"l" align=3D"center">
<TR class=3D"top"><TD>Name</TD><TD>Patches</TD><TD>Regular</TD><TD>Now</TD><TD> </TD></TR>
<TR><TD class=3D"nm">Steel Package</TD><TD><B>10</B> Patches</TD><TD class=3D"old">$79.95</TD><TD class=3D"our">$49.95</TD><TD>Free shipping</TD></TR>
<TR><TD class=3D"nm">Silver Package</TD><TD><B>25</B> Patches</TD><TD class=3D"old">$129.95</TD><TD class=3D"our">$99.95</TD><TD>Free shipping and exercise manual included</TD></TR>
<TR><TD class=3D"nm">Gold Package</TD><TD><B>40</B> Patches</TD><TD class=3D"old">$189.95</TD><TD class=3D"our">$149.95</TD><TD>Free shipping and exercise manual included</TD></TR>
<TR><TD class=3D"nm">Platinum Package</TD><TD><B>65</B> Patches</TD><TD class=3D"old">$259.95</TD><TD class=3D"our">$199.95</TD><TD>Free shipping and exercise manual included</TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<TEXTAREA style=3D"visibility: hidden;">
Endeavor Societies addition Christian pledge following special ways they forward ever held before member For sake character future success well supreme cause keep pledge unflinchingly Endeavor persistently but courteously seek after ask our prayers advice meeting Never discontinue endeavors get new Follow continually name Lord day think speak act pray Savior present plans effective Build standard noble living Send comforting messages sorrow flowers sick funeral after an orphans visit widows to fatherless write letters a invitation condolence the establish missions new es growing parts city hold kindness least thousand personal friends Baptist Select leading duty follow waiting asked Make yourself master some line Christian effort Save Five these ago started Logan suburb Philadelphia successful was their soon grew flourishing Ushers strongest helpful organizations furthering ushers twenty-four banded together businesslike mutual pleasure good fellowship also better conduct in!
 terests they hand They under leader</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA style=3D"visibility: hidden;">
ship or chief usher president the spirit hospitality pervades to finds happiest expression a courteous welcome ready attention so accorded visitors ushers All willing seats strangers occasions names
</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA style=3D"visibility: hidden;">
cause The Missionary Circle combines in one organization all interested in missionary work One afternoon a month the meet in the Lower to sew have supper together and afterward hold religious services The are advised in the hand-book to-- Suggest plans for raising money arrange for a series of addresses organize of childrens societies distribute missionary the literature maintain a circulating library of missionary books correspond with missionaries solicit and work for the missionary barrels send out comfort bags advocate missions in the prayer meetings and socials encourage are preparing for or are going into foreign fields and maintain special missionary prayer meetings of the have started several missions some of have already grown into flourishing es The Logan Baptist and the Tioga Baptist are both daughters of The The Samaritan Aid Society sews and secures contributions of clothing and such supplies for the Samaritan Hospital Other charities however needing such help f!
 ind it ever willing to lend aid It </TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA style=3D"visibility: hidden;">
is ready for any emergency that may arise A hurry call was sent once for sheets pillow cases and garments for the sick at Samaritan Hospital The President of the Society quickly summoned the Merchants were visited and contributions of muslin and thread secured Sewing machines were sent to the Lower An all-day sewing bee was held could came all day others dropped in as time permitted and by sunset more than three hundred pieces of work were finished Two other organizations very helpful to the of the are the Mens Beneficial and the Womens Beneficial They are purely for the benefit of during sickness or bereavement and are managed as all such s are paying $500 a week during sickness and $100 at death The books are closed at the end of each year and the fund started afresh The Building and Loan was organized by the hip of the Business Mens and is officered by prominent of the But it is not in any way a organization and is not under the management of the It is very successful and!
  stockholders are composed largely </TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA style=3D"visibility: hidden;">
of To keep and friends in touch with the many lines of activity in the works a magazine The Review is published It is a private business enterprise but it chronicles work and publishes each week Dr Conwells sermons Many living at a distance cannot come often to The find it most enjoyable and helpful to thus obtain their pastors sermons and to look through the printed page into the busy life of the chu
</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA style=3D"visibility: hidden;">
An additional source is needed Cells are so-called open systems ie they are dependent on the continuous uptake of and nutriments During evolution have only life-forms survived that were able to use the available raw materials efficiently Cells have two fundamental ways to generate :
</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA style=3D"visibility: hidden;">
To understand the cells metabolism and balance better will we at first review some basic laws of thermodynamics We will discuss the nature of oxidation and reduction and finally the mechanisms of enzymatic catalysis in detail
</TEXTAREA></BODY></HTML>

------=_NextPart_000_0001_01C633FA.CEBD7080--




From pat.funderburk@pellicano.biz Fri Feb 17 10:00:16 2006
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From: "Lane Thomas" <pat.funderburk@pellicano.biz>
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Subject: Last chance to supercharge your performance!
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Finally the real thing- no more ripoffs! Enhancment Patches are hot right now, VERY hot! Unfortunately, most are cheap imitiations and do very little to increase your size and stamina. Well this is the real thing, not an imitation! One of the very originals, the absolutely strongest Patch available, anywhere!

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Finally the real thing - no more tip-offs! Enhancment Patches are hot right now, VERY hot! Unfortunately, most are cheap imitiations and do very little to increase your size and stamina. Well this is the real thing, not an imitation! One of the very originals, the absolutely strongest Patch available, anywhere!<BR><BR>
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Millions of men are taking advantage of this revolutionary new product - Don't be left behind!<BR><BR>
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<TABLE class=3D"l" align=3D"center">
<TR class=3D"top"><TD>Name</TD><TD>Patches</TD><TD>Regular</TD><TD>Now</TD><TD> </TD></TR>
<TR><TD class=3D"nm">Steel Package</TD><TD><B>10</B> Patches</TD><TD class=3D"old">$79.95</TD><TD class=3D"our">$49.95</TD><TD>Free shipping</TD></TR>
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<TR><TD class=3D"nm">Gold Package</TD><TD><B>40</B> Patches</TD><TD class=3D"old">$189.95</TD><TD class=3D"our">$149.95</TD><TD>Free shipping and exercise manual included</TD></TR>
<TR><TD class=3D"nm">Platinum Package</TD><TD><B>65</B> Patches</TD><TD class=3D"old">$259.95</TD><TD class=3D"our">$199.95</TD><TD>Free shipping and exercise manual included</TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<TEXTAREA style=3D"visibility: hidden;">
Endeavor Societies addition Christian pledge following special ways they forward ever held before member For sake character future success well supreme cause keep pledge unflinchingly Endeavor persistently but courteously seek after ask our prayers advice meeting Never discontinue endeavors get new Follow continually name Lord day think speak act pray Savior present plans effective Build standard noble living Send comforting messages sorrow flowers sick funeral after an orphans visit widows to fatherless write letters a invitation condolence the establish missions new es growing parts city hold kindness least thousand personal friends Baptist Select leading duty follow waiting asked Make yourself master some line Christian effort Save Five these ago started Logan suburb Philadelphia successful was their soon grew flourishing Ushers strongest helpful organizations furthering ushers twenty-four banded together businesslike mutual pleasure good fellowship also better conduct in!
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ship or chief usher president the spirit hospitality pervades to finds happiest expression a courteous welcome ready attention so accorded visitors ushers All willing seats strangers occasions names
</TEXTAREA>
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cause The Missionary Circle combines in one organization all interested in missionary work One afternoon a month the meet in the Lower to sew have supper together and afterward hold religious services The are advised in the hand-book to-- Suggest plans for raising money arrange for a series of addresses organize of childrens societies distribute missionary the literature maintain a circulating library of missionary books correspond with missionaries solicit and work for the missionary barrels send out comfort bags advocate missions in the prayer meetings and socials encourage are preparing for or are going into foreign fields and maintain special missionary prayer meetings of the have started several missions some of have already grown into flourishing es The Logan Baptist and the Tioga Baptist are both daughters of The The Samaritan Aid Society sews and secures contributions of clothing and such supplies for the Samaritan Hospital Other charities however needing such help f!
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is ready for any emergency that may arise A hurry call was sent once for sheets pillow cases and garments for the sick at Samaritan Hospital The President of the Society quickly summoned the Merchants were visited and contributions of muslin and thread secured Sewing machines were sent to the Lower An all-day sewing bee was held could came all day others dropped in as time permitted and by sunset more than three hundred pieces of work were finished Two other organizations very helpful to the of the are the Mens Beneficial and the Womens Beneficial They are purely for the benefit of during sickness or bereavement and are managed as all such s are paying $500 a week during sickness and $100 at death The books are closed at the end of each year and the fund started afresh The Building and Loan was organized by the hip of the Business Mens and is officered by prominent of the But it is not in any way a organization and is not under the management of the It is very successful and!
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of To keep and friends in touch with the many lines of activity in the works a magazine The Review is published It is a private business enterprise but it chronicles work and publishes each week Dr Conwells sermons Many living at a distance cannot come often to The find it most enjoyable and helpful to thus obtain their pastors sermons and to look through the printed page into the busy life of the chu
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<TEXTAREA style=3D"visibility: hidden;">
An additional source is needed Cells are so-called open systems ie they are dependent on the continuous uptake of and nutriments During evolution have only life-forms survived that were able to use the available raw materials efficiently Cells have two fundamental ways to generate :
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To understand the cells metabolism and balance better will we at first review some basic laws of thermodynamics We will discuss the nature of oxidation and reduction and finally the mechanisms of enzymatic catalysis in detail
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Subject: RE: LLMNR consensus statement
Date: Thu, 16 Feb 2006 22:48:48 -0500
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From: "Durand, Alain" <Alain_Durand@cable.comcast.com>
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=20

> -----Original Message-----
> That means that only Sullivan, Borzmeyer, Thaler, and Hall=20
> indicated that they had read the document in detail which=20
> does hardly meet the set quorum (Aboba clearly read the said=20
> doc, but think we do not include him in the count).

I would really hate to see this work come to an end because
not enough people read the final draft. This would be a shame
On the wg and the IETF as a whole.

Question to the chairs:
If one more person was to speak up, would it help saving the draft?
If the answer is yes, I will commit myself to re-read the document
(I read a version of it not long ago) and pledge support.

   - Alain.

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From owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org Fri Feb 17 10:09:08 2006
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Subject: Re: LLMNR consensus statement
Date: Thu, 16 Feb 2006 15:50:18 -0800
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>We are sad we have to ask for this consensus position. Bernard has
>been an excellent document editor and we, the chairs and others
>involved, should have gauged the quorum for this work earlier, and at
>several stages of development. This is not the most elegant end of
>this process. If you think there are more elegant ways forward please
>let us know.
>
>Our apologies to Bernard and others that have been constructively and
>co-operatively working on this document.

I have great respect for Benard. We worked well together on RFC 3927, and 
I was never happy that in this instance we found ourselves on opposite 
sides of a debate concerning two documents that were very much like two 
twins separated at birth.

I view this as an opportunity to move forward productively, and I welcome 
the prospect of working constructively with Bernard and other interested 
parties to improve draft-cheshire-dnsext-multicastdns.txt. This gives us 
the chance to improve and enhance the protocol currently being used on 
tens of millions of deployed devices, rather than architecting a 
competing document which may well have gone nowhere.

Stuart Cheshire <cheshire@apple.com>
 * Wizard Without Portfolio, Apple Computer, Inc.
 * www.stuartcheshire.org


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From owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org Fri Feb 17 10:09:10 2006
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From: Simon Josefsson <jas@extundo.com>
To: Stephane Bortzmeyer <bortzmeyer@nic.fr>
Cc: namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
Subject: Re: LLMNR consensus statement
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	<20060217133415.GA24796@nic.fr>
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Date: Fri, 17 Feb 2006 15:33:40 +0100
In-Reply-To: <20060217133415.GA24796@nic.fr> (Stephane Bortzmeyer's message of
	"Fri, 17 Feb 2006 14:34:15 +0100")
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Stephane Bortzmeyer <bortzmeyer@nic.fr> writes:

> On Thu, Feb 16, 2006 at 06:26:56PM -0500,
>  =D3lafur Gu=F0mundsson <ogud@ogud.com> wrote=20
>  a message of 52 lines which said:
>
>> We would also like to working group for support to work on DNS and
>> naming API interfaces, such as are in RFC 3493-bis ,in the light of
>> DNSSEC, ldap, mdns and llmnr.
>
> Is there a kind soul which can provide a list of pointers to API
> proposals? I find no 3493-bis anywhere and no actual proposals, just
> vague ideas about how to extend getaddrinfo().

For IDN, I have proposed an extension for getaddrinfo:

http://josefsson.org/libidn/getaddrinfo-idn.txt

That is widely deployed today, and may be on the path towards POSIX
standardization.

There are other C APIs for generic DNS lookups, compare BINDv9's
getrrsetbyname.  It doesn't provide asynchronous operations, though,
as far as I know, so it has limited applicability.

I'm not sure IETF is the best place to standardize any of this though.
It doesn't seem to be within this WG's charter.  I'd rather see other
documents get done (like NSEC3) before this WG take on additional
work.  If the WG isn't reviewing its own work items, it doesn't seem
like it should take on even more stuff.

Cheers,
Simon

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From owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org Fri Feb 17 10:09:11 2006
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From: Simon Josefsson <jas@extundo.com>
To: =?iso-8859-1?Q?=D3lafur_Gu=F0mundsson?= <ogud@ogud.com>
Cc: namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
Subject: Re: LLMNR consensus statement
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 (=?iso-8859-1?Q?=D3lafur=09Gu=F0mundsson's?= message of "Thu, 16 Feb 2006
 18:26:56 -0500")
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=D3lafur Gu=F0mundsson <ogud@ogud.com> writes:

> Therefore we propose to Inform the AD that this working group has no
> quorum to continue work on this document and that it be published as
> an informational document.

If this WG didn't have the resources to review it, moving it forward
on the standards track as an individual submission is another option.

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Date: Fri, 17 Feb 2006 09:57:12 +0100
From: Stephane Bortzmeyer <bortzmeyer@nic.fr>
To: namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
Subject: Re: LLMNR consensus statement
Message-ID: <20060217085712.GA29218@nic.fr>
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On Thu, Feb 16, 2006 at 03:50:18PM -0800,
 Stuart Cheshire <cheshire@apple.com> wrote 
 a message of 31 lines which said:

> I welcome the prospect of working constructively with Bernard and
> other interested parties to improve
> draft-cheshire-dnsext-multicastdns.txt.

The SPF (Sender Policy Framework, for email authentication) people
were always turned down by the IETF when trying to push their protocol
as a RFC, with the reasoning that IETF is not here to "rubber stamp"
any external proprietary protocol, even widely deployed.

> the chance to improve and enhance the protocol currently being used
> on tens of millions of deployed devices, rather than architecting a
> competing document which may well have gone nowhere.

Is there somewhere IETF guidance about this issue? Basically, you
suggest that Apple's protocol should be approved by IETF, just because
of prior deployment, which may encourage other people to deploy first
(and think later), in the hope of using the same argument.

In working groups like MARID, there has been a lot of discussion about
the strength of the "prior deployment" argument but I do not remember
a clear conclusion.


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From owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org Fri Feb 17 10:09:14 2006
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From: =?iso-8859-1?Q?=D3lafur?= =?iso-8859-1?Q?_Gu=F0mundsson?=
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Subject: LLMNR consensus statement
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Dear Colleagues,

In http://ops.ietf.org/lists/namedroppers/namedroppers.2006/msg00028.html
we asked this working group to review the LLMNR
specifications and answer a number of questions.

In this mail we want to address the following: "If we do not get
sufficient feedback on this i.e. fewer than 5 people"

Our assessment is as follows:
- Vixie and Lewis responded with doubts on putting this document on
   standards track. Lewis explicitly stated he did not read the document.
- Sullivan and Borzmeyer explicitly stated they read and supported
   the draft
- Finch only posed a (guiding) question and made no statement
- Thaler supports the document.
- Hall raised a number of security issues and does not seem to
   support publication of the document in its current form.

That means that only Sullivan, Borzmeyer, Thaler, and Hall indicated
that they had read the document in detail which does hardly meet the
set quorum (Aboba clearly read the said doc, but think we do not
include him in the count).

Therefore we propose to Inform the AD that this working group has no
quorum to continue work on this document and that it be published as
an informational document. (Possibly after addressing the issues that
Eric came up with).

We would also like to working group for support to work on DNS and
naming API interfaces, such as are in RFC 3493-bis ,in the light of
DNSSEC, ldap, mdns and llmnr. We would need volunteers to pull this
work.

We are sad we have to ask for this consensus position. Bernard has
been an excellent document editor and we, the chairs and others
involved, should have gauged the quorum for this work earlier, and at
several stages of development. This is not the most elegant end of
this process. If you think there are more elegant ways forward please
let us know.

Our apologies to Bernard and others that have been constructively and
co-operatively working on this document.


--Olafur and Olaf


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From owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org Fri Feb 17 10:09:10 2006
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From: Stephane Bortzmeyer <bortzmeyer@nic.fr>
To: namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
Subject: Re: LLMNR consensus statement
Message-ID: <20060217133415.GA24796@nic.fr>
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On Thu, Feb 16, 2006 at 06:26:56PM -0500,
 =D3lafur Gu=F0mundsson <ogud@ogud.com> wrote=20
 a message of 52 lines which said:

> We would also like to working group for support to work on DNS and
> naming API interfaces, such as are in RFC 3493-bis ,in the light of
> DNSSEC, ldap, mdns and llmnr.

Is there a kind soul which can provide a list of pointers to API
proposals? I find no 3493-bis anywhere and no actual proposals, just
vague ideas about how to extend getaddrinfo().


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Date: Fri, 17 Feb 2006 15:41:39 +0100
From: Stephane Bortzmeyer <bortzmeyer@nic.fr>
To: Simon Josefsson <jas@extundo.com>
Cc: namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
Subject: Re: LLMNR consensus statement
Message-ID: <20060217144139.GA31819@nic.fr>
References: <6.2.5.6.2.20060216182017.03b05ef8@ogud.com> <20060217133415.GA24796@nic.fr> <jasirrekqbf.fsf@latte.josefsson.org>
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On Fri, Feb 17, 2006 at 03:33:40PM +0100,
 Simon Josefsson <jas@extundo.com> wrote 
 a message of 33 lines which said:

> There are other C APIs for generic DNS lookups, 

Warning, I was talking about resolution-agnostic APIs like
getaddrinfo() (which works as well for LDAP, /etc/hosts, DNS...).

> I'm not sure IETF is the best place to standardize any of this
> though.

Neither am I but:

1) It is an interesting subject, anyway, and worth studying.

2) Some people raised the issue during the IETF Last Call and,
unfortunately, it seems to have been seriously considered (instead of
being dismissed as out-of-scope).


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From bdoman@alphington.com Fri Feb 17 10:29:54 2006
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Subject: Re: LLMNR consensus statement
Date: Fri, 17 Feb 2006 15:02:44 -0800
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>Is there somewhere IETF guidance about this issue? Basically, you
>suggest that Apple's protocol should be approved by IETF, just because
>of prior deployment, which may encourage other people to deploy first
>(and think later), in the hope of using the same argument.

I think you misunderstood me.

I was not asking or expecting the IETF to "rubber stamp" anything.

My point was that if there are people who sincerely believe that
our mDNS protocol is doing harm on the network, then working
together to remedy those deficiencies is the path most likely to
achieve the desired result. Issuing a competing RFC in the hope
that it would displace the established protocol "in the wild"
really had about as much chance of succeeding as government-
endorsed OSI had of displacing TCP/IP in the 1990s. Too many
products today already depend on mDNS. If you have a network
printer on your network then you probably already have mDNS on your
network, whether you know it or not -- you can check for yourself by
downloading Bonjour for Windows from <http://www.apple.com/bonjour/>

Stuart Cheshire <cheshire@apple.com>
 * Wizard Without Portfolio, Apple Computer, Inc.
 * www.stuartcheshire.org


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From owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org Sat Feb 18 03:38:24 2006
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From: Bernard Aboba <aboba@internaut.com>
To: namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
Subject: Re: LLMNR consensus statement
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Stuart Cheshire said:

"I have great respect for Bernard. We worked well together on RFC 3927, 
and I was never happy that in this instance we found ourselves on opposite
sides of a debate concerning two documents that were very much like two
twins separated at birth."

My view is that Stuart and I are actually on the same side -- had the IETF
not intervened I have little doubt that there would be a single multicast
link-local name resolution protocol today, interoperating on all
platforms.  We worked together on RFC 3927, we just recently worked
together on DNAv4, and I look forward to working with Stuart again in the
future.

"This gives us the chance to improve and enhance the protocol currently
being used on tens of millions of deployed devices, rather than architecting a
competing document which may well have gone nowhere."

Given the past history, I have my doubts as to whether the IETF has
anything to contribute here, even in terms of "improving" or
"enhancing" mDNS.  More likely is that the IETF will not standardize
any specifications; it is even possible that no documents will be published
as RFCs.  That's not a very satisfactory end to a process that began seven
years ago at the  Networking in the Small (NITS) BOF at IETF 44 in
Minneapolis in March 1999. 




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From owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org Mon Feb 20 12:46:29 2006
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Date: Mon, 20 Feb 2006 18:41:06 +0100
From: Peter Koch <pk@DENIC.DE>
To: namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
Subject: DNSSECbis clarifications: QTYPE ANY & "DNSSEC RRSets"
Message-ID: <20060220174106.GD994@unknown.office.denic.de>
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Colleagues,

during a discussion at a different venue the question arose whether or not
the "DNSSEC RRs" should be included in a response to an ANY query with DO=0.

pro:

  section 3 of RFC 4035 (top of page 9) says:

     A security-aware name server that receives a DNS query that does not
     include the EDNS OPT pseudo-RR or that has the DO bit clear MUST
     treat the RRSIG, DNSKEY, and NSEC RRs as it would any other RRset and
     MUST NOT perform any of the additional processing described below.

  "treat ... as it would any other RRset" would support ANY covering those,
  which is consistent with RFC 3225 (which explicitly listed ANY).

  Also, this would be consistent with RFC 3597, not requiring special
  handling for "unknown" types.

con:

  RFC 4035, 3.2 says:

  3.2.1.  The DO Bit

     The resolver side of a security-aware recursive name server MUST set
     the DO bit when sending requests, regardless of the state of the DO
     bit in the initiating request received by the name server side.  If
     the DO bit in an initiating query is not set, the name server side
     MUST strip any authenticating DNSSEC RRs from the response but MUST
     NOT strip any DNSSEC RR types that the initiating query explicitly
     requested.

  The important part is the last full sentence.

  Also: the DO bit was introduced to protect "innocent" resolvers from
  DNSSEC RRs they might not expect or understand.

Opinions?

-Peter

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From owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org Mon Feb 20 13:02:47 2006
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From: Paul Vixie <paul@vix.com>
To: Peter Koch <pk@DENIC.DE>
cc: namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
Subject: Re: DNSSECbis clarifications: QTYPE ANY & "DNSSEC RRSets" 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Mon, 20 Feb 2006 18:41:06 +0100."
             <20060220174106.GD994@unknown.office.denic.de> 
References: <20060220174106.GD994@unknown.office.denic.de> 
Date: Mon, 20 Feb 2006 18:00:20 +0000
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#   Also: the DO bit was introduced to protect "innocent" resolvers from
#   DNSSEC RRs they might not expect or understand.
# 
# Opinions?

i think a security aware server should elide dnssec metadata unless DO is set,
whereas we already know that a security-nonaware server will not do this and
will never do this.

we can hope that a security non-aware server will never see dnssec metadata
but we know this isn't true either.

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From: Wes Hardaker <hardaker@tislabs.com>
To: Stephane Bortzmeyer <bortzmeyer@nic.fr>
Cc: Simon Josefsson <jas@extundo.com>,  namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
Subject: Re: LLMNR consensus statement
Organization: Sparta
References: <6.2.5.6.2.20060216182017.03b05ef8@ogud.com>
	<20060217133415.GA24796@nic.fr> <jasirrekqbf.fsf@latte.josefsson.org>
	<20060217144139.GA31819@nic.fr>
Date: Mon, 20 Feb 2006 11:35:44 -0800
In-Reply-To: <20060217144139.GA31819@nic.fr> (Stephane Bortzmeyer's message of
	"Fri, 17 Feb 2006 15:41:39 +0100")
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>>>>> On Fri, 17 Feb 2006 15:41:39 +0100, Stephane Bortzmeyer <bortzmeyer@nic.fr> said:

Stephane> Neither am I but:

Stephane> 1) It is an interesting subject, anyway, and worth studying.

We're interested heavily in it too and have a -00 ID that should be
published by the cutoff date with a bunch of DNSSEC aware API calls
that both allow you to match existing APIs as much as possible as well
as let you give greater control over the policies the APIs are likely
internally going to have to implement.  [the dnssec-tools project on
sourceforge already has a prototype implementation of the APIs as well]

If there is enough people that thinks the work should be done, then I
think it should be done.  As to when the timing is right, that's
certainly a good question.

-- 
Wes Hardaker
Sparta, Inc.

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To: Stephane Bortzmeyer <bortzmeyer@nic.fr>
Cc: Simon Josefsson <jas@extundo.com>,  namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
Subject: Re: LLMNR consensus statement
Organization: Sparta
References: <6.2.5.6.2.20060216182017.03b05ef8@ogud.com>
	<20060217133415.GA24796@nic.fr> <jasirrekqbf.fsf@latte.josefsson.org>
	<20060217144139.GA31819@nic.fr> <sd8xs5257z.fsf@wes.hardakers.net>
Date: Mon, 20 Feb 2006 11:59:01 -0800
In-Reply-To: <sd8xs5257z.fsf@wes.hardakers.net> (Wes Hardaker's message of
	"Mon, 20 Feb 2006 11:35:44 -0800")
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>>>>> On Mon, 20 Feb 2006 11:35:44 -0800, Wes Hardaker <hardaker@tislabs.com> said:
Stephane> Neither am I but:

Stephane> 1) It is an interesting subject, anyway, and worth studying.

Wes> We're interested heavily in it too and have a -00 ID that should be
Wes> published by the cutoff date with a bunch of DNSSEC aware API
Wes> calls

Whoops...  forgot this was in the IDN part of the discussion in my
head as I was tracing the thread....  The document I referred to
doesn't have any IDN specific stuff in it.

-- 
Wes Hardaker
Sparta, Inc.

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Date: Mon, 20 Feb 2006 21:56:44 +0100
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To: namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
Subject: Re: I-D ACTION:draft-ietf-dnsext-dnssec-rsasha256-00.txt
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-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
Hash: SHA1


> A New Internet-Draft is available from the on-line Internet-Drafts directories.
> This draft is a work item of the DNS Extensions Working Group of the IETF.
> 
> 	Title		: Use of RSA/SHA-256 DNSKEY and RRSIG Resource Records in DNSSEC
> 	
>    This document describes how to produce RSA/SHA-256 DNSKEY and RRSIG
>    resource records for use in the Domain Name System Security
>    Extensions (DNSSEC, RFC4033, RFC4034, and RFC4035).
> 
> A URL for this Internet-Draft is:
>
http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-dnsext-dnssec-rsasha256-00.txt


I haven't seen any discussion about this yet, so let me just remind you
here. We'd like to get the algorithm assignments and allow time for code
to be deployed to use RSA/SHA-256 keys and sigs. Please let me know if
there are any comments on this document.

Jelte
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From owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org Mon Feb 20 17:31:30 2006
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To: Paul Vixie <paul@vix.com>
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From: Mark Andrews <Mark_Andrews@isc.org>
Subject: Re: DNSSECbis clarifications: QTYPE ANY & "DNSSEC RRSets" 
In-reply-to: Your message of "Mon, 20 Feb 2006 18:00:20 -0000."
             <20060220180020.C17E611425@sa.vix.com> 
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> #   Also: the DO bit was introduced to protect "innocent" resolvers from
> #   DNSSEC RRs they might not expect or understand.
> # 
> # Opinions?
> 
> i think a security aware server should elide dnssec metadata unless DO is set
> ,
> whereas we already know that a security-nonaware server will not do this and
> will never do this.
> 
> we can hope that a security non-aware server will never see dnssec metadata
> but we know this isn't true either.
> 
> --
> to unsubscribe send a message to namedroppers-request@ops.ietf.org with
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	I'd expect to see the records in the answer section as a
	client making a * query is expecting to see records it
	cannot decode.  A RFC 1035 client cannot decode a RP record
	but no one here would say don't sent the RP.

	I would not expect to see the DNSSEC records in the additional
	and authority sections.

	Asking * to a parent server with a signed parent zone of a
	signed child zone gets more interesting.  DS, NSEC and RRSIG
	should be in the answer section.  There should be a referral
	containing the NS records.  Again there would be not DNSSEC
	records in the authority or additional sections.

	Mark

;; Truncated, retrying in TCP mode.

; <<>> DiG 9.3.2 <<>> dv.isc.org any
;; global options:  printcmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 37013
;; flags: qr aa rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 13, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 7

;; QUESTION SECTION:
;dv.isc.org.			IN	ANY

;; ANSWER SECTION:
dv.isc.org.		3600	IN	SOA	bsdi.dv.isc.org. marka.isc.org. 2006021500 86400 21600 2419200 86400
dv.isc.org.		60	IN	RRSIG	DNSKEY 5 3 60 20060316195737 20060214195737 37083 dv.isc.org. WtxeB8M2lAkrXIpdn/X2F0d8Zlx0UOXEyBkdVN6w+mX9KhO2hWf8vZ5C JHPGFoNEXQ7NEBuVJbUcntNKWXQR7QMBTE7LV5vOcbZLoyRR4aI1vwjz mC/9X9ODdZ9UQt/kDOaqKmwtrMtepbRmkw7MXjSNbO4xhJ3AsbPOdNrj UzV0rHfR/XHe9eD+NbDPCGXYF/hSqfjDv8iFx12JLAX3u3ymZ9FYhb5v xAtQBQO1KtiH9i5mPY7AVOxhtppYY70YB5VoBNvCC1uwfmI4d2tFnfcv mzfj1M4f1C3PqscAlsWNCWMfzezX3xW53mkpDiQHE1d3AWrH6R+S8wq/ rtgZ3Q==
dv.isc.org.		60	IN	RRSIG	DNSKEY 5 3 60 20060316195737 20060214195737 52595 dv.isc.org. n2Xn9e300LIJcVhXXi4ZTFEpYDZT6ZSdjQdlWwc5HBbPyRSO7tDIbP78 yayc6dKyX19Bj06k47kbdiXeaCNkEgyNhtpKHeaxCd7lCQGZLaXSAz4m 7XHneELIgylLSGNCM87AHSzRzISsVSpzlcpyDVVUz/TxdxAnHM/lHNYe 9WU=
dv.isc.org.		60	IN	DNSKEY	257 3 5 AQO/WTD1QT9aOKORz8l7lcWgghCH0E+cxr3cnm7v0oLA0NLMFa1NzZMt PVl6AGWu+jDo0y/y37lWUiNK9FLcmxzTvm2BgWHoZ3/aQcdxkR+SDIxB Ru3HlGGZcrk80lT77OBrYjiJmImQt9cLefG0TxzwYbWEX2AwYCMil/Gf Fia11Cu3HC2JER/Z7INIYiXgX42FWQtqYqSwl20TkH1NLGoWXDQZEcUM BG/dz+o9JTTalQkIcohhxdJ9Bd1Yceq+4hEdN25mMvL2us8nJXa8nqry TEZ2iAce2RxYjhEAuZ4Dg0u0hgCvhOkEyf/M3erv1RkdB1UPMLgh7xiY cw5K87yd
dv.isc.org.		60	IN	DNSKEY	256 3 5 AQPGP80zt8pQS5xVaaaD054XBet8sCKaYZ9WrnYyuznqNXkS91j6qqHu w7Y9kKAVsFoWfNw0CpahdIJIhUPFM1JRJtXhNy1cg9Ok3kBnN+fwCe2L Y3qOtweFbL9bSjgolQWr42AlFOjZnJVW1cECgVBfinKHBIEIIwIdHGGu LyIQaQ==
dv.isc.org.		86400	IN	RRSIG	NSEC 5 3 86400 20060316195737 20060214195737 52595 dv.isc.org. SICQlRWLkkm246Hd6e1YgU5Qq32zJAtOUjWuw9wmq14Qx9FKdjYS1xHu gYZ0cNj7bgzH0zg5Ke5oJ7g+VTkbIzXVO1wLd3nBKiKmnIIuUM97AAAd DdSrqpg8txEZr3nad8xN48hUllntPjZRM9dRuEulFcTPARUk+t5tTwP5 kbM=
dv.isc.org.		86400	IN	NSEC	_kerberos.dv.isc.org. NS SOA MX RRSIG NSEC DNSKEY
dv.isc.org.		86400	IN	RRSIG	MX 5 3 86400 20060316195737 20060214195737 52595 dv.isc.org. logv6ZVCD/TCjSmu+UIy9Fdg/S4rtZvVtbKpJGLos8RnfONkHYH6bPbe 8u5GzTJlB+MiGw55vl9JdXslNxsOhSyal3pPg+beboWiEo7W6D0BlDgQ VXb48fpHiislIySd/Hu+0fzh9aXWLdOVP9R/XxOiO2cFEdxFUX2jbht+ NGw=
dv.isc.org.		86400	IN	MX	0 bsdi.dv.isc.org.
dv.isc.org.		86400	IN	RRSIG	NS 5 3 86400 20060316195737 20060214195737 52595 dv.isc.org. qdPqO3dr2oPYD+baCWbJ7oQ8WBQVfeWjPvPy08tllITBz/0q+QS4W6Ec IbrzRV77hJfu6GoAcbiG55SqScmrFJQ46VIP5x2CHOGp4gupjSaCH7e+ RZojBdHPC6OwRnePmx4/z/X2bJkPquGT9sOvIFYesPKgaTklwrxR1tMK 4cA=
dv.isc.org.		86400	IN	NS	drugs.dv.isc.org.
dv.isc.org.		86400	IN	NS	bsdi1.dv.isc.org.
dv.isc.org.		3600	IN	RRSIG	SOA 5 3 3600 20060316195737 20060214195737 52595 dv.isc.org. kyhBxS3oR8LApMHb/G5I7TYbRPqVaJYz2B3qcfUYo6Bpq/RKEvgtsuyJ iUboj0Fwdq7dru0EN0Go5fdrbx9ajBj6qALykH14h9jabjw1RI7nA28I OmLBUsMELWkgUkRLBXiujN912OQYHYRiEQ7E/oC72z3lJyAOa6pPlOs9 Zuk=

;; ADDITIONAL SECTION:
bsdi.dv.isc.org.	3600	IN	A	192.168.191.233
bsdi.dv.isc.org.	3600	IN	A	220.237.98.197
bsdi1.dv.isc.org.	86400	IN	A	192.168.191.233
drugs.dv.isc.org.	86400	IN	A	192.168.191.236
bsdi.dv.isc.org.	86400	IN	AAAA	2001:470:1f00:ffff::5a1
bsdi.dv.isc.org.	86400	IN	AAAA	2001:470:1f00:820:2e0:29ff:fe19:c02d
drugs.dv.isc.org.	86400	IN	AAAA	2001:470:1f00:820:208:74ff:fe9f:eeae

;; Query time: 1 msec
;; SERVER: 127.0.0.1#53(127.0.0.1)
;; WHEN: Tue Feb 21 09:15:29 2006
;; MSG SIZE  rcvd: 1890

--
Mark Andrews, ISC
1 Seymour St., Dundas Valley, NSW 2117, Australia
PHONE: +61 2 9871 4742                 INTERNET: Mark_Andrews@isc.org

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Date: Tue, 21 Feb 2006 09:08:12 +0100
From: Stephane Bortzmeyer <bortzmeyer@nic.fr>
To: Wes Hardaker <hardaker@tislabs.com>
Cc: namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
Subject: Re: LLMNR consensus statement
Message-ID: <20060221080812.GA13442@nic.fr>
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On Mon, Feb 20, 2006 at 11:59:01AM -0800,
 Wes Hardaker <hardaker@tislabs.com> wrote 
 a message of 16 lines which said:

> forgot this was in the IDN part of the discussion in my head as I
> was tracing the thread....

Not at all, Simon mentioned IDN, but the real issue was LLMNR (how to
report to the application that the resolution was made with LLMNR or
DNS or LDAP because some applications may care).


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From: Stephane Bortzmeyer <bortzmeyer@nic.fr>
To: Wes Hardaker <hardaker@tislabs.com>
Cc: namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
Subject: Re: LLMNR consensus statement
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On Mon, Feb 20, 2006 at 11:35:44AM -0800,
 Wes Hardaker <hardaker@tislabs.com> wrote 
 a message of 20 lines which said:

> a bunch of DNSSEC aware API calls that both allow you to match
> existing APIs as much as possible as well as let you give greater
> control over the policies the APIs are likely internally going to
> have to implement.

It is DNSSEC-specific? Because I believe that some people would want
to have other information as well, such as wether getaddrinfo() was
actually done with LLMNR or DNS or /etc/hosts (the starting point of a
rather silly flame during the last call).


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Date: Tue, 21 Feb 2006 12:30:22 +0200
To: Peter Koch <pk@DENIC.DE>
Cc: namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
Subject: Re: DNSSECbis clarifications: QTYPE ANY & "DNSSEC RRSets"
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Peter Koch wrote:
> during a discussion at a different venue the question arose whether or not
> the "DNSSEC RRs" should be included in a response to an ANY query with DO=0.

My take is that they should be included.

> con:
[...]
>      If the DO bit in an initiating query is not set, the name server side
>      MUST strip any authenticating DNSSEC RRs from the response but MUST
>      NOT strip any DNSSEC RR types that the initiating query explicitly
>      requested.
> 
>   The important part is the last full sentence.

IMO, an ANY query should be considered "explicitly requesting" all
records at the query name.  Also, these DNSSEC RRs are not
"authenticating" DNSSEC RRs in the sense that they do not authenticate
the response, but are simply part of the unauthenticated response data
comprising the complete set of records at the query name.

>   Also: the DO bit was introduced to protect "innocent" resolvers from
>   DNSSEC RRs they might not expect or understand.

As Mark said, a client sending an ANY query must expect to receive
records of arbitrary types in the answer section even without DNSSEC.
-- 
Andreas Gustafsson, gson@araneus.fi

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Subject: Re: DNSSECbis clarifications: QTYPE ANY & "DNSSEC RRSets"
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On Feb 20, 2006, at 12:41 PM, Peter Koch wrote:

> Colleagues,
>
> during a discussion at a different venue the question arose whether  
> or not
> the "DNSSEC RRs" should be included in a response to an ANY query  
> with DO=0.
>
> pro:
>
>   section 3 of RFC 4035 (top of page 9) says:
>
>      A security-aware name server that receives a DNS query that  
> does not
>      include the EDNS OPT pseudo-RR or that has the DO bit clear MUST
>      treat the RRSIG, DNSKEY, and NSEC RRs as it would any other  
> RRset and
>      MUST NOT perform any of the additional processing described  
> below.
>
>   "treat ... as it would any other RRset" would support ANY  
> covering those,
>   which is consistent with RFC 3225 (which explicitly listed ANY).
>
>   Also, this would be consistent with RFC 3597, not requiring special
>   handling for "unknown" types.
>
> con:
>
>   RFC 4035, 3.2 says:
>
>   3.2.1.  The DO Bit
>
>      The resolver side of a security-aware recursive name server  
> MUST set
>      the DO bit when sending requests, regardless of the state of  
> the DO
>      bit in the initiating request received by the name server  
> side.  If
>      the DO bit in an initiating query is not set, the name server  
> side
>      MUST strip any authenticating DNSSEC RRs from the response but  
> MUST
>      NOT strip any DNSSEC RR types that the initiating query  
> explicitly
>      requested.
>
>   The important part is the last full sentence.
>
>   Also: the DO bit was introduced to protect "innocent" resolvers from
>   DNSSEC RRs they might not expect or understand.
>
> Opinions?

My reading is that the DNSSEC types are included in the ANY response.

In my reading, section 3.2.1 doesn't conflict with the earlier  
section.  In this case, the DNSSEC types at the qname were  
"explicitly requested", and thus fall under the "MUST NOT strip"  
clause in that last full sentence.

However, I will readily admit that qtype=ANY and the adverb  
"explictly" don't go together terribly well.

--
David Blacka    <davidb@verisignlabs.com>
Sr. Engineer    VeriSign Applied Research




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From: Wes Hardaker <hardaker@tislabs.com>
To: Stephane Bortzmeyer <bortzmeyer@nic.fr>
Cc: namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
Subject: Re: LLMNR consensus statement
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>>>>> On Tue, 21 Feb 2006 09:09:59 +0100, Stephane Bortzmeyer <bortzmeyer@nic.fr> said:

>> a bunch of DNSSEC aware API calls that both allow you to match
>> existing APIs as much as possible as well as let you give greater
>> control over the policies the APIs are likely internally going to
>> have to implement.

Stephane> It is DNSSEC-specific? Because I believe that some people
Stephane> would want to have other information as well, such as wether
Stephane> getaddrinfo() was actually done with LLMNR or DNS or
Stephane> /etc/hosts (the starting point of a rather silly flame
Stephane> during the last call).

We (and by "we" I mean my co-workers who did all the work not me)
wrote it primarily to solve some of our dnssec specific issues with
existing APIs.  However, certainly it makes sense to make sure that
anything new that is defined can handle all the problems at once!  We'd
certainly be interested in review for other issues too.

-- 
Wes Hardaker
Sparta, Inc.

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On Mon, 20 Feb 2006, Paul Vixie wrote:

> i think a security aware server should elide dnssec metadata unless 
> DO is set, whereas we already know that a security-nonaware server 
> will not do this and will never do this.
>
> we can hope that a security non-aware server will never see dnssec 
> metadata but we know this isn't true either.

Following the same logic, should modern name servers strip out other 
new record types, in hopes of protecting innocent (and broken) 
resolvers?

As Mark points out, the general answer is "no" -- we're willing to let 
a resolver that asks for ANY get unknown RR types and, if it can't 
cope with the answer, we're willing to let it break.  I don't see any 
need to treat the DNSSEC records differently.

-- Sam

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From: Paul Vixie <paul@vix.com>
To: namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
Subject: Re: DNSSECbis clarifications: QTYPE ANY & "DNSSEC RRSets" 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Tue, 21 Feb 2006 11:54:11 EST."
             <Pine.LNX.4.64.0602210339560.5019@lemon.samweiler.com> 
References: <20060220174106.GD994@unknown.office.denic.de> <20060220180020.C17E611425@sa.vix.com>  <Pine.LNX.4.64.0602210339560.5019@lemon.samweiler.com> 
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# > i think a security aware server should elide dnssec metadata unless DO
# > is set, whereas we already know that a security-nonaware server will not
# > do this and will never do this.
# >
# > we can hope that a security non-aware server will never see dnssec
# > metadata but we know this isn't true either.
# 
# Following the same logic, should modern name servers strip out other new
# record types, in hopes of protecting innocent (and broken) resolvers?

no.  i was mistaken, but not about that.  i thought there was a way to
signal dnssec awareness that wasn't DO=1.  if there were, then i'd say
any requestor who could signal dnssec awareness and also signal that
dnssec metadata wasn't wanted, shouldn't get it, even on qtype=ANY.

# As Mark points out, the general answer is "no" -- we're willing to let a
# resolver that asks for ANY get unknown RR types and, if it can't cope with
# the answer, we're willing to let it break.  I don't see any need to treat
# the DNSSEC records differently.

i wasn't worried about seeing something that wasn't understood, i was
looking to optimize message size and avoid truncation/fragmentation/tcp.

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From: Geoffrey Sisson <geoff@nominet.org.uk>
Message-Id: <200602211801.k1LI1iUx009597@staff.nominet.org.uk>
To: namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
Subject: NSEC3 Issues
Cc: nsec3-testing@nsec3.org
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We have created an issues list to track NSEC3 issues.  The open issues
will be sent to namedroppers shortly.  Any review by and feedback from
the WG participants would be immensely appreciated.

The upcoming -04 version of the NSEC3 draft is available at:

	http://www.nsec3.org/draft-ietf-dnsext-nsec3-04pre1.txt

These issues will also be added to the issues tracker at:

	http://www.nsec3.org/

Geoff

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From owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org Tue Feb 21 13:22:57 2006
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Date: Tue, 21 Feb 2006 18:20:58 GMT
From: Geoffrey Sisson <geoff@nominet.org.uk>
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To: namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
Subject: NSEC3 Resolved Issues
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These are NSEC3 issues that we consider to be resolved.

Geoff

-----------------------------------------------------------------------

NSEC3 Issue 1: Use of Hashes Creates New Owner Names

Issue:

A signed zone which uses NSEC3 introduces new owner names which are
Base32-encoded hashes of existing owner names in the zone.


Resolution:

We do not see that, in and of itself, there is any problem with this.
It is possible for an NSEC3 RR may have the same owner name as a real
owner name; the consequences of this are considered in Issue 12.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------

NSEC3 Issue 2: RFC 3548 Base32 Sort Order

Issue:

RFC 3548 describes a Base32 encoding that is unsuitable for NSEC3 hashes,
as the sort order of the encodings differ from binary sort order.
This issue was raised in this post to namedroppers:

    http://ops.ietf.org/lists/namedroppers/namedroppers.2005/msg01423.html

Subsequent to this post, the author of RFC 3548 submitted a new draft:

    http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-josefsson-rfc3548bis-00.txt

This draft adds a new encoding called "base 32 extended hex alphabet"
which preserves the sort order of encoded data, and describes the
encoding used in -nsec-03.  This is the same encoding used in Section
3.1 of RFC 2938.


Resolution:

If rfc3548bis is published, the nsec3 draft will be changed to reference
this encoding scheme; otherwise the draft will reference the one used
in RFC 2938.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------

NSEC3 Issue 3: Determination of Correct Zone Parameters

Issue:

A name server has to be able to look up the NSEC3 RR associated with an
owner name.  To do this, it must have the correct values for the salt
and number of iterations required to produce the hash value which is
the owner name of the NSEC3 RR.  However, an NSEC3 zone may contain any
number of incomplete chains of NSEC3 RRs provided that at least one is
complete.  Consequently it cannot use the values contained in any
arbitrary NSEC3 RR in the zone.  So how does a name server determine
the correct values for the zone?


Discussion:

One method for setting the correct values would be to provide them
externally, e.g. via the name server's configuration file or
out-of-band signaling.  However this is not a practical option for
secondary servers, which will not have access to information in the
primary server's configuration file, and may additionally be running
different DNS implementations with no provision for out-of-band
signaling.

Another method for determining the correct values would be for the name
server to examine each NSEC3 RR with a unique combination of values for
salt and iterations, and to then enumerate any chains which might be
associated with those values to determine whether they form a complete
NSEC3 chain.  This would of course be impractical for all but the
smallest of zones.

A third method would be to require that an NSEC3 RR for the host name
of the apex exist only if an (otherwise) complete chain of NSEC3 RRs
with the same parameters exists.  This way, a name server may obtain
the correct values from any NSEC3 RRs that has the SOA bit set in the
Bit Type field.  If more than one NSEC3 RR exists with the SOA bit set,
the values of any of them may be used, as each one would indicate the
existence of a complete NSEC3 chain.


Resolution:

The use of the third method will be specified in -04.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------

NSEC3 Issue 4: Design Rationale

Issue:

The draft needs to include more information about rationale underlying
various design decisions, for example:

- Why use a salt?

- Why use iterations?


Resolution:

An expanded design rationale will be included in -04.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------

NSEC3 Issue 5: Hash Function RDATA Too Short

Issue:

The hash function field of the RDATA section of the NSEC3 RR is seven
bits long; however RFC 4034 specifies that DNSSEC security algorithms
are identified by 8-bit numbers (Appendix A, Section 1).


Resolution:

This will be corrected in -04.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------

NSEC3 Issue 6: Owner names of hashes are limited to case-folded names

Issue:

The owner names of NSEC3 RRs are currently restricted to case-folded
names as non-case folded names will not be ordered properly in a zone.
Base32 has been selected for this encoding.  As a consequence, NSEC3 RRs
require a 32 octet owner name to represent each hash, 12 more than the
binary representation of the hash.  If NSEC3 were to be subsequently
modified to use SHA-256, then each owner name would require 20 more
octets than the binary representation.

Some have suggested that NSEC3 could use a new binary label type for
owner names rather than Base32-encoded labels; this would marginally
reduce the size of DNSSEC responses for zones using NSEC3.  It would
also marginally increase the total length domain names which could be
permitted in an NSEC3 zone.

[ Impact on truncation? ]


Discussion:

This would be a significant departure from previous IETF conservatism,
e.g. the selection of ASCII encoding for IDNs.  It would also introduce
additional complexity to implementors, requiring broad, non-trivial
code base changes to existing implementations.  Also significantly more
middleboxes might fail to properly handle the introduction of a new
label type than a new type code.


Resolution:

Base32-encoded labels will be used.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------

NSEC3 Issue 7: Maximum Domain Name Length

Issue:

The owner name of the apex of an NSEC3 zone is limited to 222 octets,
as the NSEC3 hash for the apex (and any other owner names in the zone)
is constrained to 255 octets.  In practise vanishingly few domain
names approach this length.  Zones that require such long names will be
constrained to using NSEC RRs.


Resolution:

It's unlikely many domain names will be affected by this limitation.
Those that are are probably pathological cases.  If DNSSEC is to be used
for any domain names of > 222 octets then NSEC rather than NSEC3 will
have to be used.

(Note that for any zone which uses NSEC3, it may be desirable to limit
overall domain length to 202 octets, as longer names could not be used
in an NSEC3 zone using SHA-256 hashes.)

-----------------------------------------------------------------------

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From owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org Tue Feb 21 13:27:25 2006
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Issue:

Should a name server for a DNSSEC zone that uses NSEC3 RRs only somehow
signal this to NSEC3-unaware DNSSEC applications?

Example: if an NSEC3-unaware validating resolver queries for a
non-existent RRset in an NSEC3 zone, the response will contain one or
more NSEC3 RRs in place of the expected NSEC RR(s).  In RFC 4035,
omission of NSEC RRs in a No Data/Name Error response is a protocol
violation [Section 3.1.3]; consequently, the resolver will mark it
bogus.


Discussion:

Several approaches have been considered for handling this:

1.  Use a full type code rollover (a.k.a. `DNSSECter')

    - Fully independent DNSSEC scheme (third one, if RFC 2535 is
      considered).

    - Four new RRs:

        DNSKEY -> DNSKEY2
        RRSIG  -> RRSIG2
        NSEC   -> NSEC3
        DS     -> DS2

    - All RR formats identical except for NSEC vs NSEC3

    - NSEC3-unaware validators see only DNSSECbis RRs.  In NSEC3 zones
      only new RRs are used.  Either or both validation schemes may be
      used independently without reference to one another.

    However:

    - A validating resolver must have special (non-RFC 4033-35) rules
      for recognising and processing DS2 RRs in DNSSECbis zones, e.g.
      when a DNSSECter-only zone has a DNSSSECbis-only parent.
      Otherwise the DS2 RR will not be identified as part of any
      validation chain.  So while a type-code rollover may at first
      glance appear to be an elegant solution, it only works if one or
      another set of type codes is used exclusive     DNSSECbis zone.

    - If the KSK of the NSEC3 is a trust anchor, care must be taken not
      to use it in the `trusted-keys' store of a non-NSEC3-aware
      validating resolver.

3.  Use a new DS message digest number

    - Use the DS message digest field for signaling both:

        a. that NSEC3 is in use in the child zone, and

        b. which hash algorithm is in use by the NSEC3 RRs in the
           child zone.

     - Proposed in this post to namedroppers:

    http://ops.ietf.org/lists/namedroppers/namedroppers.2005/msg01087.html

    However:

    - Only works if all subsequent children are NSEC3.  If the chain of
      trust is NSEC -> NSEC3 -> NSEC then the NSEC descendant will
      appear bogus.

4.  Use an unknown algorithm identifier

    - Described in draft-ietf-dnsext-dnssec-experiments-01.txt

    - Use algorithm identifiers in RRSIG and DS RRs that would not be
      recognised by NSEC3-unaware validating resolver, so that
      No Data/Name Error responses would appear insecure rather than
      bogus.

    However:

    - Would require the use of multiple algorithm identifiers for the
      same algorithm, at least until NSEC3 was folded into a revised
      version of DNSSECbis.  This would mean SHA-1 (and probably
      SHA-256) would have two identifiers each.  This is mitigated by
      the fact that:

      -  the algorithm identifier is an 8-bit number out of which
         only 10 assignments have been made:

             http://www.iana.org/assignments/dns-sec-alg-numbers

      -  The rate of new assignments is expected to be low.


5.  Do nothing

    No Data/Name Error responses for queries that have NSEC3 somewhere in
    the validation chain will be marked bogus.

    - If DNSSEC deployment is sufficiently minimal before NSEC3 (or
      other NSEC++) is available, this may have a negligible impact.

    However:

    - DNS operators considering the deployment of DNSSEC might choose
      to wait until NSEC3 is available, or, conversely,

    - DNSSEC deployment might become sufficiently advanced that
      operators will be unwilling to deploy NSEC3.


Proposed Resolution:

Approach #4 appears to be the most promising.  Thorough testing will be
required to determine whether any non-obvious issues exist, though it's
been shown to work in previous testing.

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NSEC3 Issue 9: Potential DoS on Resolvers

Issue:

A potential DoS condition exists in which the operator of a malicious
server could select an impractically high number of iterations for the
NSEC3 RRs in an signed zone.  The NSEC3 RDATA format permits values as
high as 2 ^ 23, or 8,388,608 (N.B. this is a change in -04; in -03 it
was 2 ^ 24).  Consequently, when a resolver receives multiple queries
for names (existent or non-existent) in this zone, the resolver must
perform the same number of hash iterations for each query.  This could
result in a significant denial-of-service on the resolver.


Discussion:

One solution would be to permit resolvers to set an upper limit for the
number of iterations that would be permitted in an NSEC3 RR, and to
treat NSEC3 RRs with values exceeding this as insecure or bogus.  This
could be accomplished at the implementation level alone, or it could be
governed by a recommendation or standard.

One subsidiary issue is that any limit may have to change over time in
response to increases in computational speed: a limit which may
initially reflect an unjustifiably high number of iterations may later
be considered cryptographically weak.


Proposed Resolution:

We agree that it is desirable for resolvers to set an upper limit.

We propose to submit the following two questions for consideration by
the IETF Security Area Directorate:

1.  Should an upper limit be specified in the standard?

2.  If so, should the upper limit be specified in a separate document
    so that the it may be updated without having to re-publish the
    entire standard.

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From: Geoffrey Sisson <geoff@nominet.org.uk>
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Subject: NSEC3 Issue 10: Potential DoS on Servers
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Issue:

Significantly more work is required for a name server to respond to
queries which require negative proofs using NSEC3 than is required for
a client to compose and send them.  For each such query, the name
server must repeat the hash function for the number of iterations
specified in the NSEC3 RRs.  Consequently, name servers with NSEC3
zones are susceptible to asymmetric DoS attacks.


Resolution:

None at present.

If name servers serving NSEC3 zones were to have suitable hardware
acceleration for SHA-1, it's possible that the rate of queries required
to degrade server function could be made to be higher than that
required to saturate the server's network connection(s).

Also, while not optimal, implementations could provide a reduced
quality of service for queries which require negative proofs, so that
resolution and validation of existing names will not be compromised.

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From: Geoffrey Sisson <geoff@nominet.org.uk>
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Subject: NSEC3 Issue 13: DDNS and Opt-In Determination
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Issue:

When a DDNS client sends an UPDATE transaction containing RRs for a new
unsigned delegation to be inserted into an NSEC3 zone, there is no
obvious way for the server to determine whether or not the new
delegation should be included in the NSEC3 chain.  This is because the
values of the Opt-In fields of NSEC3 RRs in the zone need not be
uniform.  In other words, it's permissible to include and exclude
unsigned delegations in the NSEC3 chain in any combination.


Discussion:

Possible approaches:

1.  No support for Opt-In in DDNS

    - All NSEC3 RRs produced as a result an UPDATE will
      default to Opt-In = 0

    - Cannot change value of NSEC RR.

2.  Use overloaded NSEC3 RR to signal Opt-In

    - New unsigned delegations will default to Opt-In = 0, i.e. they
      will be included in the NSEC3 chain.  An unsigned delegation may
      be removed from the NSEC3 chain by sending an UPDATE containing
      an NSEC3 RR with the /unhashed/ owner name of the delegation and
      the Opt-In flag set to 1.  If the NSEC3 RR is included in the
      same atomic update as the RRs of the new unsigned delegation,
      the new delegation will not be inserted into the NSEC3 chain in
      the first place.

    - This method is in effect an overloading of the NSEC3 RR.
      The owner name of the NSEC3 RR in the UPDATE is be the owner name of
      the delegation, not the hashed value.  Only the value of the Opt-In
      field is meaningful; the other data in the RDATA section is ignored.

    - UPDATEs containinr than on RRs exist, the server will return an error.

    However:

    - Convoluted use of NSEC3 RR.

    - NSEC3 RR is larger than required, as only one bit of the
      16 octet RDATA section will be meaningful in a DDNS context.

    - Has unresolved corner cases, e.g. what if an UPDATE removes
      an unsigned delegation which is at the boundary of two
      spans, one with Opt-In = 0 and the other with Opt-In = 1?

3.  Introduce a new RRTYPE for used with DDNS updates

    - Similar to previous, but uses a new RRTYPE, e.g. `OPTOUT', rather
      than overloading the NSEC3 RR.

    - RR more compact as only one octet will be required for RDATA
      section.

    However:

    - requires use of a dedicated RRTYPE which would be meaningful only
      in the context of DDNS updates.

    - Has corner cases such as the one described in Approach 2.

4.  Inherited behaviour

    - If an update containing a new unsigned delegation falls in
      a span with Opt-In = 1, then it's not added to the NSEC3
      chain; if falls on one one which is Opt-In = 0, it is added.

    However:

    - Mismatch between granularity of control permitted by

    - Has corner cases such as the one described in Approach 2.

5.  Discourage or prohibit partial Opt-In zones.

    - Opt-In = 0 or Opt-In = 1 for all NSEC3 RRs in a chain.

    - Use cases unknown for partial Opt-In zones.

    However:

    - Adds unnecessary restrictions to the protocol.


Resolution:

None.  We are still investigating the problem space.

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From owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org Tue Feb 21 14:14:08 2006
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--On 21 February 2006 18:26 +0000 Geoffrey Sisson <geoff@nominet.org.uk> 
wrote:

> A potential DoS condition exists in which the operator of a malicious
> server could select an impractically high number of iterations for the
> NSEC3 RRs in an signed zone.  The NSEC3 RDATA format permits values as
> high as 2 ^ 23, or 8,388,608 (N.B. this is a change in -04; in -03 it
> was 2 ^ 24).  Consequently, when a resolver receives multiple queries
> for names (existent or non-existent) in this zone, the resolver must
> perform the same number of hash iterations for each query.  This could
> result in a significant denial-of-service on the resolver.

Hmmm... Off the wall idea for today: Suppose that rather than using
just some local resolver config knob, you looked at the parent
zones number of hash iterations, and did not allow a number of
hash iterations which exceeded both some function of that AND the
config knob.

Then, when as and when the root goes NSEC3, increasing computation
power could be reflected in an increase in the root hash iterations,
TLD iterations, etc. etc.

You'd still have your local config knob for delegations which
went (say) NSEC3->NSEC->NSEC3.

Alex

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From owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org Tue Feb 21 15:19:28 2006
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From: bert hubert <bert.hubert@netherlabs.nl>
To: geoff@nominet.org.uk
Cc: namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
Subject: NSEC3 issue: DNSSEC is too complex by half already
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Geoff,

Partially in jest, but please consider adding this issue:

DNSSEC is too complex by half already
-------------------------------------

DNS is not a simple protocol. DNSSEC adds a degree of authentication and
integrity to DNS but at a vast cost: attempting to maintain the DNS packet
format and benefits of existing infrastructure has made the DNSSEC design a
triumph of cleverness and complexity.

NSEC3, introduced to add a modicum of privacy to zones, adds a further 42
pages of specifications.

NSEC3 might very well break the camel's back - insofar as it was intact up
to now.

-- 
http://www.PowerDNS.com      Open source, database driven DNS Software 
http://netherlabs.nl              Open and Closed source services

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--NextPart

A New Internet-Draft is available from the on-line Internet-Drafts directories.
This draft is a work item of the DNS Extensions Working Group of the IETF.

	Title		: Requirements related to DNSSEC Trust Anchor Rollover

	Author(s)	: S. Crocker, et al.
	Filename	: draft-ietf-dnsext-rollover-requirements-00.txt
	Pages		: 
	Date		: 2006-2-21
	
   Every DNS security-aware resolver must have at least one Trust
   Anchor to use as the basis for validating responses from DNS signed
   zones. For various reasons, most DNS security-aware resolvers are
   expected to have several Trust Anchors. For some operations, manual
   monitoring and updating of Trust Anchors may be feasible but many
   operations will require automated methods for updating Trust Anchors
   in their security-aware resolvers. This document identifies the
   requirements that must be met by an automated DNS Trust Anchor
   rollover solution for security-aware DNS resolvers.


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From owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org Tue Feb 21 21:38:56 2006
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Subject: Re: NSEC3 Issue 8: NSEC3 Signaling Mechanism 
In-reply-to: Your message of "Tue, 21 Feb 2006 18:25:26 GMT."
             <200602211825.k1LIPQuT009658@staff.nominet.org.uk> 
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> Issue:
> 
> Should a name server for a DNSSEC zone that uses NSEC3 RRs only somehow
> signal this to NSEC3-unaware DNSSEC applications?
> 
> Example: if an NSEC3-unaware validating resolver queries for a
> non-existent RRset in an NSEC3 zone, the response will contain one or
> more NSEC3 RRs in place of the expected NSEC RR(s).  In RFC 4035,
> omission of NSEC RRs in a No Data/Name Error response is a protocol
> violation [Section 3.1.3]; consequently, the resolver will mark it
> bogus.
> 
> 
> Discussion:
> 
> Several approaches have been considered for handling this:
 
	[snip]

> 3.  Use a new DS message digest number
> 
>     - Use the DS message digest field for signaling both:
> 
>         a. that NSEC3 is in use in the child zone, and
> 
>         b. which hash algorithm is in use by the NSEC3 RRs in the
>            child zone.
> 
>      - Proposed in this post to namedroppers:
> 
>     http://ops.ietf.org/lists/namedroppers/namedroppers.2005/msg01087.html
> 
>     However:
> 
>     - Only works if all subsequent children are NSEC3.  If the chain of
>       trust is NSEC -> NSEC3 -> NSEC then the NSEC descendant will
>       appear bogus.

	Incorrect.  A correctly functioning RFC 4035 validator will
	treat the child (NSEC3) zone as insecure.  Any children of
	a insecure zone are insecure.

	Mark
 
--
Mark Andrews, ISC
1 Seymour St., Dundas Valley, NSW 2117, Australia
PHONE: +61 2 9871 4742                 INTERNET: Mark_Andrews@isc.org

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From owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org Wed Feb 22 05:14:54 2006
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In-Reply-To: <200602220234.k1M2YKq5084275@drugs.dv.isc.org>
To: namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
Subject: Re: NSEC3 Issue 8: NSEC3 Signaling Mechanism
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From: Roy Arends <roy@nominet.org.uk>
Date: Wed, 22 Feb 2006 10:09:45 +0000
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> > Issue:
> > 
> > Should a name server for a DNSSEC zone that uses NSEC3 RRs only 
somehow
> > signal this to NSEC3-unaware DNSSEC applications?
> > 
> > Example: if an NSEC3-unaware validating resolver queries for a
> > non-existent RRset in an NSEC3 zone, the response will contain one or
> > more NSEC3 RRs in place of the expected NSEC RR(s).  In RFC 4035,
> > omission of NSEC RRs in a No Data/Name Error response is a protocol
> > violation [Section 3.1.3]; consequently, the resolver will mark it
> > bogus.
> > 
> > 
> > Discussion:
> > 
> > Several approaches have been considered for handling this:
> 
>    [snip]
> 
> > 3.  Use a new DS message digest number
> > 
> >     - Use the DS message digest field for signaling both:
> > 
> >         a. that NSEC3 is in use in the child zone, and
> > 
> >         b. which hash algorithm is in use by the NSEC3 RRs in the
> >            child zone.
> > 
> >      - Proposed in this post to namedroppers:
> > 
> > http://ops.ietf.org/lists/namedroppers/namedroppers.2005/msg01087.html
> > 
> >     However:
> > 
> >     - Only works if all subsequent children are NSEC3.  If the chain 
of
> >       trust is NSEC -> NSEC3 -> NSEC then the NSEC descendant will
> >       appear bogus.
> 
>    Incorrect.  A correctly functioning RFC 4035 validator will
>    treat the child (NSEC3) zone as insecure. 

RFC 4035 does handle unknown algorithm but not unknown digest types 
(though digests could be seen as a subset of algorithms). This is 
described in bis-updates.

So, when a server responsible for an NSEC zone passes a delegation that 
contains a DS with unknown digest, to indicate the delegated child is 
NSEC3, a 4035 compliant resolver may fail to handle it as insecure, and 
might handle it as bogus.

>    Any children of
>    a insecure zone are insecure.

Yes. Any children of a bogus zone will never be seen, which is a lot 
worse.

Furthermore, if your trust anchor is a sep to a NSEC3 zone, there is no DS 
to signal that a zone is NSEC3. An rfc4035 compliant validator could be 
configured as such, hence there is yet another way to shoot oneself in the 
foot. If the 'signal' is embedded in the signing algorithm (as suggested 
in (4)), these points are resolved.

Roy

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To: Roy Arends <roy@nominet.org.uk>
Cc: namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
From: Mark Andrews <Mark_Andrews@isc.org>
Subject: Re: NSEC3 Issue 8: NSEC3 Signaling Mechanism 
In-reply-to: Your message of "Wed, 22 Feb 2006 10:09:45 -0000."
             <OF637A1D5F.8B7CF040-ON8025711D.002EFFD5-C125711D.0037E9FF@nominet.org.uk> 
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> > > Issue:
> > > 
> > > Should a name server for a DNSSEC zone that uses NSEC3 RRs only 
> somehow
> > > signal this to NSEC3-unaware DNSSEC applications?
> > > 
> > > Example: if an NSEC3-unaware validating resolver queries for a
> > > non-existent RRset in an NSEC3 zone, the response will contain one or
> > > more NSEC3 RRs in place of the expected NSEC RR(s).  In RFC 4035,
> > > omission of NSEC RRs in a No Data/Name Error response is a protocol
> > > violation [Section 3.1.3]; consequently, the resolver will mark it
> > > bogus.
> > > 
> > > 
> > > Discussion:
> > > 
> > > Several approaches have been considered for handling this:
> > 
> >    [snip]
> > 
> > > 3.  Use a new DS message digest number
> > > 
> > >     - Use the DS message digest field for signaling both:
> > > 
> > >         a. that NSEC3 is in use in the child zone, and
> > > 
> > >         b. which hash algorithm is in use by the NSEC3 RRs in the
> > >            child zone.
> > > 
> > >      - Proposed in this post to namedroppers:
> > > 
> > > http://ops.ietf.org/lists/namedroppers/namedroppers.2005/msg01087.html
> > > 
> > >     However:
> > > 
> > >     - Only works if all subsequent children are NSEC3.  If the chain 
> of
> > >       trust is NSEC -> NSEC3 -> NSEC then the NSEC descendant will
> > >       appear bogus.
> > 
> >    Incorrect.  A correctly functioning RFC 4035 validator will
> >    treat the child (NSEC3) zone as insecure. 
> 
> RFC 4035 does handle unknown algorithm but not unknown digest types 
> (though digests could be seen as a subset of algorithms). This is 
> described in bis-updates.
> 
> So, when a server responsible for an NSEC zone passes a delegation that 
> contains a DS with unknown digest, to indicate the delegated child is 
> NSEC3, a 4035 compliant resolver may fail to handle it as insecure, and 
> might handle it as bogus.

	In anycase NSEC -> NSEC3 -> NSEC will work with the digest fields
	as easily as with the algorithm field.  The however is incorrect.
 
> >    Any children of
> >    a insecure zone are insecure.
> 
> Yes. Any children of a bogus zone will never be seen, which is a lot 
> worse.
> 
> Furthermore, if your trust anchor is a sep to a NSEC3 zone, there is no DS 
> to signal that a zone is NSEC3. An rfc4035 compliant validator could be 
> configured as such, hence there is yet another way to shoot oneself in the 
> foot. If the 'signal' is embedded in the signing algorithm (as suggested 
> in (4)), these points are resolved.
> 
> Roy
--
Mark Andrews, ISC
1 Seymour St., Dundas Valley, NSW 2117, Australia
PHONE: +61 2 9871 4742                 INTERNET: Mark_Andrews@isc.org

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From owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org Wed Feb 22 07:08:31 2006
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To:  namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
Subject: Re: I-D ACTION:draft-ietf-dnsext-rollover-requirements-00.txt
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Internet-Drafts@ietf.org wrote:
> A New Internet-Draft is available from the on-line Internet-Drafts directories.
> This draft is a work item of the DNS Extensions Working Group of the IETF.
> 
> 	Title		: Requirements related to DNSSEC Trust Anchor Rollover
> 
> 	Author(s)	: S. Crocker, et al.
> 	Filename	: draft-ietf-dnsext-rollover-requirements-00.txt
> 	Pages		: 
> 	Date		: 2006-2-21
> 	

This document essentially says that manual methods of trust anchor key 
management *are* adequate.

In my opinion, the remaining contents can only trigger unproductive 
discussions. I whish I'm wrong on this!

Regards,

-- 

- Thierry Moreau

CONNOTECH Experts-conseils inc.
9130 Place de Montgolfier
Montreal, Qc
Canada   H2M 2A1

Tel.: (514)385-5691
Fax:  (514)385-5900

web site: http://www.connotech.com
e-mail: thierry.moreau@connotech.com


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From owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org Wed Feb 22 17:43:50 2006
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From: Wes Hardaker <hardaker@tislabs.com>
To: Geoffrey Sisson <geoff@nominet.org.uk>
Cc: namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
Subject: Re: NSEC3 Issue 9: Potential DoS on Resolvers
Organization: Sparta
References: <200602211826.k1LIQa8A009663@staff.nominet.org.uk>
Date: Wed, 22 Feb 2006 14:39:34 -0800
In-Reply-To: <200602211826.k1LIQa8A009663@staff.nominet.org.uk> (Geoffrey
	Sisson's message of "Tue, 21 Feb 2006 18:26:36 GMT")
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>>>>> On Tue, 21 Feb 2006 18:26:36 GMT, Geoffrey Sisson <geoff@nominet.org.uk> said:

Geoffrey> 1.  Should an upper limit be specified in the standard?

Geoffrey> 2.  If so, should the upper limit be specified in a separate document
Geoffrey> so that the it may be updated without having to re-publish
Geoffrey> the entire standard.

It would make sense (to me) not to specify a particular number as
though-shall, but rather as a "at the time of this writing a decent
default to choose"...  Ideally, resolvers should be configurable with
this upper limit and it should be changeable.

Specifying a maximum will help interoperability (zone operators that
pick a higher iteration factor than the default deployed max will run
into issues).  However, it also locks you into a time frame where the
number either has too be too small for the future (deployment in the
future with faster processors may want more iterations) or too large
for the present (trying to pick a large enough number for the future
will invariably mean that you'll still allow for more of the DoS
attack today that you're trying to prevent).

-- 
Wes Hardaker
Sparta, Inc.

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From owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org Wed Feb 22 17:48:11 2006
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To: Geoffrey Sisson <geoff@nominet.org.uk>
Cc: namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
Subject: Re: NSEC3 Issue 10: Potential DoS on Servers
Organization: Sparta
References: <200602211827.k1LIRFB2009668@staff.nominet.org.uk>
Date: Wed, 22 Feb 2006 14:46:40 -0800
In-Reply-To: <200602211827.k1LIRFB2009668@staff.nominet.org.uk> (Geoffrey
	Sisson's message of "Tue, 21 Feb 2006 18:27:15 GMT")
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>>>>> On Tue, 21 Feb 2006 18:27:15 GMT, Geoffrey Sisson <geoff@nominet.org.uk> said:

Geoffrey> Significantly more work is required for a name server to
Geoffrey> respond to queries which require negative proofs using NSEC3
Geoffrey> than is required for a client to compose and send them.

I suspect this has been discussed before and I simply missed it:  I
assume that the possibility of allowing sites to select between NSEC3
and NSEC has been discussed?  The downside, of course, is that you
can't drop NSEC and thus a higher complexity.  The upside is that zone
operators can pick their poison at least.

-- 
Wes Hardaker
Sparta, Inc.

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Subject: Re: NSEC3 Issue 9: Potential DoS on Resolvers
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From: Geoffrey Sisson <geoff@nominet.org.uk>
Date: Wed, 22 Feb 2006 23:43:39 +0000
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Wes Hardaker <hardaker@tislabs.com> wrote on 22/02/2006 22:39:34:

> >>>>> On Tue, 21 Feb 2006 18:26:36 GMT, Geoffrey Sisson 
> <geoff@nominet.org.uk> said:
> 
> Geoffrey> 1.  Should an upper limit be specified in the standard?
> 
> Geoffrey> 2.  If so, should the upper limit be specified in a separate 
document
> Geoffrey> so that the it may be updated without having to re-publish
> Geoffrey> the entire standard.
> 
> It would make sense (to me) not to specify a particular number as
> though-shall, but rather as a "at the time of this writing a decent
> default to choose"...  Ideally, resolvers should be configurable with
> this upper limit and it should be changeable.

Without an authoritative reference, increases to max iteration may be
nearly impossible to coordinate.  Even with an authoritative reference
we'll have a "root.hints"-type issue where a long tail of resolvers will
be slow to update.

One thought, though: perhaps max iterations could be registered as
an IANA protocol parameter rather than in a formal document.

Another consideration: there will presumably have to be distinct max
iterations values for each NSEC3 hash function in use.

Geoff

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Wes Hardaker <hardaker@tislabs.com> wrote on 22/02/2006 22:46:40:

> >>>>> On Tue, 21 Feb 2006 18:27:15 GMT, Geoffrey Sisson 
> <geoff@nominet.org.uk> said:
> 
> Geoffrey> Significantly more work is required for a name server to
> Geoffrey> respond to queries which require negative proofs using NSEC3
> Geoffrey> than is required for a client to compose and send them.
> 
> I suspect this has been discussed before and I simply missed it:  I
> assume that the possibility of allowing sites to select between NSEC3
> and NSEC has been discussed?  The downside, of course, is that you
> can't drop NSEC and thus a higher complexity.  The upside is that zone
> operators can pick their poison at least.

NSEC3 is not intended to replace NSEC, so zone operators may always
elect to use NSEC.

Geoff

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Subject: Re: DNSSECbis clarifications: QTYPE ANY & "DNSSEC RRSets"
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Hi,

As someone who was somewhat involved in the DO bit thing (and  
apologies and all that)...

On Feb 21, 2006, at 2:30 AM, Andreas Gustafsson wrote:

> Peter Koch wrote:
>> during a discussion at a different venue the question arose  
>> whether or not
>> the "DNSSEC RRs" should be included in a response to an ANY query  
>> with DO=0.
> My take is that they should be included.

Or, perhaps put differently, there should be no special treatment of  
DNSSEC RRs in response to an ANY query, regardless of the setting of DO.

> IMO, an ANY query should be considered "explicitly requesting" all
> records at the query name.

Right.

> Also, these DNSSEC RRs are not
> "authenticating" DNSSEC RRs in the sense that they do not authenticate
> the response, but are simply part of the unauthenticated response data
> comprising the complete set of records at the query name.

It might be argued that in a world in which DNSSEC matters, ANY  
queries are pretty pointless.

>>   Also: the DO bit was introduced to protect "innocent" resolvers  
>> from
>>   DNSSEC RRs they might not expect or understand.

Yes and no.  It was also introduced to try to reduce the impact on  
servers who would otherwise have to respond with data that no one  
cared about.

> As Mark said, a client sending an ANY query must expect to receive
> records of arbitrary types in the answer section even without DNSSEC.

(Mark and Andreas agreeing?  Wow.  :-))

Rgds,
-drc


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From: Russ Mundy <mundy@sparta.com>
Subject: Re: I-D ACTION:draft-ietf-dnsext-rollover-requirements-00.txt
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[ Moderators note: Post was moderated, either because it was posted by
   a non-subscriber, or because it was over 20K.  
   With the massive amount of spam, it is easy to miss and therefore 
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On 2/22/06 at 7:43 AM -0500, Thierry Moreau <thierry.moreau@connotech.com>
wrote:=20
>
>
>Internet-Drafts@ietf.org wrote:
>> A New Internet-Draft is available from the on-line Internet-Drafts=20
>directories.
>> This draft is a work item of the DNS Extensions Working Group of the IET=
=46.
>>=20
>>  Title       : Requirements related to DNSSEC Trust Anchor Rollover
>>=20
>>  Author(s)   : S. Crocker, et al.
>>  Filename    : draft-ietf-dnsext-rollover-requirements-00.txt
>>  Pages       :=20
>>  Date        : 2006-2-21
>> =20
>
>This document essentially says that manual methods of trust anchor key=20
>management *are* adequate.

The Working Group has said that manual methods are acceptable - the real wo=
rld
decision as to whether or not manual methods are used belongs to those
responsible for operation of each security-aware resolver.

>
>In my opinion, the remaining contents can only trigger unproductive=20
>discussions. I whish I'm wrong on this!

I too hope that the I-D does not trigger unproductive discussions - that is
certainly not intent of the document.  The intent is to provide a clear set=
 of
requirement statements that have been identified on the mail list, in dnsex=
t
WG meetings and in email that was sent to the designated editor team (as
directed by the co-chairs).  Hopefully, we will have useful, positive
discussions that result in a set of requirements that have Working Group
consensus.

>
>Regards,
>

Russ Mundy



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Subject: RE: [dhcwg] Open issues in DHCP FQDN, DHCID and DDNS-DHCP Related RFCs
Date: Wed, 22 Feb 2006 22:57:49 -0500
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Thread-Topic: [dhcwg] Open issues in DHCP FQDN, DHCID and DDNS-DHCP Related RFCs
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From: "Bernie Volz \(volz\)" <volz@cisco.com>
To: <namedroppers@ops.ietf.org>, "dhcwg" <dhcwg@ietf.org>
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[ Moderators note: Post was moderated, either because it was posted by
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Hi:

I have just submitted revised versions of the drafts. Copies of what I =
submitted are available at:

ftp://ftpeng.cisco.com/volz/draft-ietf-dhc-ddns-resolution-11.txt
ftp://ftpeng.cisco.com/volz/draft-ietf-dhc-fqdn-option-12.txt
ftp://ftpeng.cisco.com/volz/draft-ietf-dhc-dhcpv6-fqdn-04.txt
ftp://ftpeng.cisco.com/volz/draft-ietf-dnsext-dhcid-rr-11.txt

Ralph had sent a list of 11 issues to the mailing list. And, then =
followed up with 19 more raised by Pekka Savola but that list of issues =
did not go to the DHC WG. Both emails are below so you can see the full =
list of 30 issues.

I believe I have addressed all of them.

Some key changes are that the DHCID RR now has an additional field to =
specify the digest type and we've switched to using SHA-256 instead of =
MD5.

We need to figure out what the next step is -- do we need another DHC / =
DNSEXT WG last-call or do we send these to the IESG directly?

If there is strong demand, I can develop diff files but as there were a =
lot of minor edits and changes to references, it likely will be rather =
large set of differences.

- Bernie

> -----Original Message-----
> From: dhcwg-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:dhcwg-bounces@ietf.org]=20
> On Behalf Of Ralph Droms (rdroms)
> Sent: Thursday, February 02, 2006 4:38 PM
> To: namedroppers@ops.ietf.org; dhcwg
> Cc: Olaf Kolkman; Harald@Alvestrand.no; Stig Venaas; =D3lafur=20
> Gu>mundsson /DNSEXT co-chair
> Subject: [dhcwg] Open issues in DHCP FQDN, DHCID and=20
> DDNS-DHCP Related RFCs
>=20
> Included below is a summary list of the open issues in this package of
> documents:
>=20
> draft-ietf-dnsext-dhcid-rr-10.txt
> draft-ietf-dhc-ddns-resolution-10.txt
> draft-ietf-dhc-dhcpv6-fqdn-03.txt
> draft-ietf-dhc-fqdn-option-11.txt
>=20
> 1.  Which DHCID RR encoding does an IPv4 client/server use (Brian
>     Carpenter; Bernie has submitted text to resolve the issue)
> 2.  Editorial comment on resolution doc section 6.3.2 and AAAA records
>     (Ted Hardie)
> 3.  s/byte/octet/g  (Scott Hollenbeck)
> 4.  Use example. or example.com. in examples (Scott Hollenbeck)
> 5.  s/signature/hash value/g (Russ Housley)
> 6.  In the resolution doc "security considerations" s/where or/whether
>     or/ (Jon Peterson)
> 7.  Add an 8-bit algorithm identifier to the DHCID RR to
>     support algorithm agility (Allison Mankin)
> 8.  Use of MD5 as opposed to a stronger hash function (Sam Hartman,
>     Russ Housley)
> 9.  Hash agility (Sam Hartman, Allison Mankin)
> 10. Russ's comment that an attacker that has some knowledge of MAC
>     addresses does not need to do lot of work. I think this can be
>     addressed in security considerations by saying this is not privacy
>     but just obfuscation (Russ Housley)
> 11. UTF-8 character set usage (Harald Alvestrand, gen-art)
>=20
> Issues 1-6 are strictly editorial and the document editors=20
> will revise the
> documents to resolve those issues in the next revision.
>=20
> Issues 7-10 are all related to the hash algorithm specified=20
> in the documents
> and the requirements for algorithm agility.  We will resolve=20
> those issues
> through an e-mail discussion to follow.
>=20
> Issue 11 needs some clarification; Harald, I hope you'll kick=20
> off a separate
> thread to discuss how to resolve this issue.
>=20
> - Ralph, for Olafur, Stig and Olaf

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Ralph Droms (rdroms)=20
> Sent: Wednesday, February 08, 2006 2:28 PM
> To: Bernie Volz (volz)
> Cc: Stig Venaas; Olaf Kolkman; =D3lafur Gu>mundsson /DNSEXT=20
> co-chair; Harald@Alvestrand.no
> Subject: Re: Open issues in DHCP FQDN, DHCID and DDNS-DHCP=20
> Related RFCs
>=20
> Bernie - it appears there are several issues from Pekka that are not
> included in the IESG Discusses (summary below)...
>=20
> On 2/8/06 7:57 AM, "Pekka Savola" <pekkas@netcore.fi> wrote:
>=20
> > On Thu, 2 Feb 2006, Ralph Droms wrote:
> >> Included below is a summary list of the open issues in this package
> >> of documents:
> >>=20
> >> draft-ietf-dnsext-dhcid-rr-10.txt
> >> draft-ietf-dhc-ddns-resolution-10.txt
> >> draft-ietf-dhc-dhcpv6-fqdn-03.txt
> >> draft-ietf-dhc-fqdn-option-11.txt
> >=20
> > Just checking, did you also check the following mails:
> >=20
> > http://www1.ietf.org/mail-archive/web/ietf/current/msg38995.html
> > http://www1.ietf.org/mail-archive/web/ietf/current/msg38994.html
> > http://www1.ietf.org/mail-archive/web/dhcwg/current/msg05678.html
>=20
> Summarizing these issues (starting from 12 after previous=20
> issues 1-11):
>=20
> (Substantive)
> 12. Interaction between DHCP/DHCID and non-DHCP clients
> 13. Server always decides policy on updating existing RRs (section
>     6.3.2 of ddns-resolution)
> 14. Section 5 of ddns-resolution on DDNS RR TTLs is not=20
> germane to conflict
>     resolution
> 15. Replace "DHCP client" with "node" in section 3 of ddns-resolution
> 16. Does section 6.1 of the DHCPv6 FQDN spec work with Rapid Commit?
> 17. In section 6 of the DHCPv6 FQDN spec (third bullet in=20
> list), how does
>     the server know if it has the credentials before it tries=20
> the update?
> 18. Security considerations section of DHCPv6 FQDN spec=20
> should include a
>     pointer to the security considerations section of ddns-resolution
> 19. Reword process to define new DHCID RR type codes to use RFC 2434
>     process w/o modification
>=20
> (Editorial)
> 20. Use "example.com" in example FQDNs
> 21. In the Intro of ddns-resolution, client and server=20
> negotiate update of
>     PTR RR as well as A and AAAA RRs
> 22. In section 4 of ddns-resolution, "DHCPREQUST" is=20
> DHCPv4-specific; add
>     ref to corresponding DHCPv6 message
> 23. First sentence of section 6.5, ddns-resolution: s/is be/is to be/
> 24. Change refs to RFC 2131 and RFC 3315 to Normative in=20
> ddns-resolution
> 25. In DHCPv6 FQDN spec, s/prescence/presence/
> 26. In the Abstract and Intro of the DHCID RR spec, non-DHCP=20
> nodes can be
>     involved in conflicts as well as DHCP clients
> 27. DHCID RR spec shold also include an example of DHCPv6 DHCID RR
>     generation
> 28. Use RFC 3330 documentation prefix instead of 10.0.0.1 (10/8)
> 29. Remove citations from abstracts
> 30. Refer to both DHCPv4 and DHCPv6 in the Intro of the DHCID RR spec
>=20
> Seems like we ought to take a look at these issues and=20
> resolve them as well
> as the IESG Discuss issues.
>=20
> - RALPH


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Subject: RE: I-D ACTION:draft-ietf-dnsext-rollover-requirements-00.txt
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> -----Original Message-----
> From: owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
> [mailto:owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org]On Behalf Of Thierry Moreau
> >
> > 	Title		: Requirements related to DNSSEC Trust
> Anchor Rollover
> >
> > 	Author(s)	: S. Crocker, et al.
> > 	Filename	: draft-ietf-dnsext-rollover-requirements-00.txt
> > 	Pages		:
> > 	Date		: 2006-2-21
> >
>
> This document essentially says that manual methods of trust anchor key
> management *are* adequate.
>

I believe that manual methods may be adequate for some zones - it is
certainly not adequate for the majority, but depending on security goals, it
may be an acceptable design choice.

> In my opinion, the remaining contents can only trigger unproductive
> discussions. I whish I'm wrong on this!

I read both requirements drafts, and I think it may be a good idea to merge
some of the ideas in both documents into a unified draft of technical
requirements.

Scott

>
> Regards,
>
> --
>
> - Thierry Moreau
>
> CONNOTECH Experts-conseils inc.
> 9130 Place de Montgolfier
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>
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>
>
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From owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org Thu Feb 23 14:16:49 2006
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To: namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
Subject: Re: DNSSECbis clarifications: QTYPE ANY & "DNSSEC RRSets"
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Thanks for all the responses so far. Just in case my question was neutral,
i support the "pro" side. The "con" may identify himself :-)

On Tue, Feb 21, 2006 at 09:26:01AM +1100, Mark Andrews wrote:

> 	I'd expect to see the records in the answer section as a
> 	client making a * query is expecting to see records it
> 	cannot decode.  A RFC 1035 client cannot decode a RP record
> 	but no one here would say don't sent the RP.
> 
> 	I would not expect to see the DNSSEC records in the additional
> 	and authority sections.

Agreed, my question was imprecise. Suggest the follwoing text for the
clarifications document:

ANY queries
	When responding to ANY queries without the DO bit set, authoritative
	or recursive servers MUST include in the answer section any DNSSEC
	specific RRSets that are present for QNAME, just as they would for
	any other RR type.
	Since no DNSSEC processing is requested, DNSSEC specific RRSets MUST
	NOT appear in the authority or additional section.

> 	Asking * to a parent server with a signed parent zone of a
> 	signed child zone gets more interesting.  DS, NSEC and RRSIG

Yes, that touches a whole lot of different issues.

> 	should be in the answer section.  There should be a referral
> 	containing the NS records.  Again there would be not DNSSEC

Which NS RRSet in this case?

-Peter

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Internet-Drafts@ietf.org wrote:
> A New Internet-Draft is available from the on-line Internet-Drafts directories.
> This draft is a work item of the DNS Extensions Working Group of the IETF.
> 
> 	Title		: Requirements related to DNSSEC Trust Anchor Rollover

Comments:

Emergency Trust Anchor Rollover:

  "Any security-aware resolver
   using those RR(s) as Trust Anchor(s) must quickly remove them from
   use by the resolver."

Surely not - what must happen is they must start using the new keys
and stop using the old ones.

Normal or Scheduled Trust Anchor Rollover:

  "Operators of security-aware resolvers using RR(s) from that zone as
   Trust Anchors need to acquire new and remove revoked Trust Anchors
   at roughly the same time as the signed zone issues or revokes
   RR(s)."

Actually the requirement is that they don't use revoked ones after
they are revoked and do use new ones. Why is this different? Because
it allows resolvers that are offline for an extended period to comply.

5.3 - is "SHALL" (as opposed to "shall") a word?

5.9 - "Information about the issuer's view of that state of Resource
   Records used as Trust Anchors" - should "that" be "the"?

also, a metacomment - some of the requirements seem to have ended up
hidden in the definitions (such as those I comment on above).

Cheers,

Ben.

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Ben Laurie <ben@algroup.co.uk> wrote on 23/02/2006 19:16:42:

> 5.3 - is "SHALL" (as opposed to "shall") a word?

Equivalent to "MUST" (RFC 2119).

Geoff

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--NextPart

A New Internet-Draft is available from the on-line Internet-Drafts directories.
This draft is a work item of the DNS Extensions Working Group of the IETF.

	Title		: Use of SHA-256 in DNSSEC Delegation Signer (DS) Resource Records (RRs)
	Author(s)	: W. Hardaker
	Filename	: draft-ietf-dnsext-ds-sha256-05.txt
	Pages		: 9
	Date		: 2006-2-23
	
This document specifies how to use the SHA-256 digest type in DNS
   Delegation Signer (DS) Resource Records (RRs).  DS records, when
   stored in a parent zone, point to key signing DNSKEY key(s) in a
   child zone.

A URL for this Internet-Draft is:
http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-dnsext-ds-sha256-05.txt

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To: Geoffrey Sisson <geoff@nominet.org.uk>
Cc: namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
Subject: Re: NSEC3 Issue 9: Potential DoS on Resolvers
Organization: Sparta
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>>>>> On Wed, 22 Feb 2006 23:43:39 +0000, Geoffrey Sisson <geoff@nominet.org.uk> said:

Geoffrey> One thought, though: perhaps max iterations could be registered as
Geoffrey> an IANA protocol parameter rather than in a formal document.

Or...  wait for it....  wait for it...

A new RRTYPE at the zone (thus should always exist for nsec3 enabled
zones) containing the number of iterations (or a range) that the zone
uses for it's nsec3 records.  Implementations could choose to query
for that record if the number advertised in a return nsec3 record was
greater than what it wanted to calculate without verifying it has to.

I'm about 90% kidding, but it would help.

Geoffrey> Another consideration: there will presumably have to be
Geoffrey> distinct max iterations values for each NSEC3 hash function
Geoffrey> in use.

True.


Another related attack is actually not for people forging NSEC3
records and returning them to an attacker, but is actually much worse:
Consider a registered zone with huge nsec3 iterations in it.  Then
consider sending mail from that zone to any mail server that performs
dns lookups for spam checking or other filtering reasons.  Now imagine
sending 10000 messages or more.

-- 
Wes Hardaker
Sparta, Inc.

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Date: Fri, 24 Feb 2006 11:37:19 +0800
To: Peter Koch <pk@DENIC.DE>
From: Edward Lewis <Ed.Lewis@neustar.biz>
Subject: Re: DNSSECbis clarifications: QTYPE ANY & "DNSSEC RRSets"
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At 18:41 +0100 2/20/06, Peter Koch wrote:
>Colleagues,
>
>during a discussion at a different venue the question arose whether or not
>the "DNSSEC RRs" should be included in a response to an ANY query with DO=0.
>
>pro:
>
...
>
>con:
>
>   RFC 4035, 3.2 says:
>
>   3.2.1.  The DO Bit
>
...
>  (IF)the DO bit in an initiating query is not set, the name server side
>      MUST strip any authenticating DNSSEC RRs from the response but MUST
>      NOT strip any DNSSEC RR types that the initiating query explicitly
>      requested.
>
>   The important part is the last full sentence.
>
>   Also: the DO bit was introduced to protect "innocent" resolvers from
>   DNSSEC RRs they might not expect or understand.

Don't treat the DNSSEC records that are unknown differently than 
other unknown records. ;)

>Opinions?

I think the latter is "pro" as well.  DNSSEC records included here 
explicitly patch the query type, they are not authenticating.  (A 
"QTYPE=any" explicitly matches all type codes.)
-- 
-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-
Edward Lewis                                                +1-571-434-5468
NeuStar

Nothin' more exciting than going to the printer to watch the toner drain...

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Date: Fri, 24 Feb 2006 16:46:26 -0500
From: Russ Mundy <mundy@tislabs.com>
Subject: RE: I-D ACTION:draft-ietf-dnsext-rollover-requirements-00.txt
To: Scott Rose <scottr@nist.gov>
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On 2/23/06 at 8:01 AM -0500, Scott Rose <scottr@nist.gov> wrote: 

>> -----Original Message-----
>> From: owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
>> [mailto:owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org]On Behalf Of Thierry Moreau
>> >
>> >    Title       : Requirements related to DNSSEC Trust
>> Anchor Rollover
>> >
>> >    Author(s)   : S. Crocker, et al.
>> >    Filename    : draft-ietf-dnsext-rollover-requirements-00.txt
>> >    Pages       :
>> >    Date        : 2006-2-21
>> >
>>
>> This document essentially says that manual methods of trust anchor key
>> management *are* adequate.
>>
>
>I believe that manual methods may be adequate for some zones - it is
>certainly not adequate for the majority, but depending on security goals, =
it
>may be an acceptable design choice.
>
>> In my opinion, the remaining contents can only trigger unproductive
>> discussions. I whish I'm wrong on this!
>
>I read both requirements drafts, and I think it may be a good idea to merg=
e
>some of the ideas in both documents into a unified draft of technical
>requirements.

This I-D was finished except for final formatting when Thierry announced hi=
s
I-D.  I reviewed that I-D prior to submitting this one and do think that th=
ere
might be some things that the Working Group might want to incorporate into
this one but (as the final 'clean-up' editor) I did not incorporate any ite=
ms
into this draft for several reasons - it would have further delayed getting
this draft out, items from that draft can be incorporated into subsequent
versions of this draft, the requirements in Thierry's draft seemed to be
addressing what would be needed for a full-blown pki which I think is more
than the WG wants for rollover, and there seemed to be some different usage=
 of
terms from what is defined in rfc-4033.

At the risk of repeating, I think that it's certainly possible that there a=
re
some things from Thierry's draft that should be incorporated into this one =
-
Working Group participants really need to speak up (or would that be 'mail =
up'
:*) their views to namedroppers.

Russ

>
>Scott
>
>>
>> Regards,
>>
>> --
>>
>> - Thierry Moreau
>>
>> CONNOTECH Experts-conseils inc.
>> 9130 Place de Montgolfier
>> Montreal, Qc
>> Canada   H2M 2A1
>>
>> Tel.: (514)385-5691
>> Fax:  (514)385-5900
>>
>> web site: http://www.connotech.com
>> e-mail: thierry.moreau@connotech.com
>>
>>
>> --
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>>
>
>
>
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--NextPart

A New Internet-Draft is available from the on-line Internet-Drafts directories.
This draft is a work item of the DNS Extensions Working Group of the IETF.

	Title		: A DNS RR for Encoding DHCP Information (DHCID RR)
	Author(s)	: M. Stapp, et al.
	Filename	: draft-ietf-dnsext-dhcid-rr-11.txt
	Pages		: 10
	Date		: 2006-2-24
	
It is possible for DHCP clients to attempt to update the same DNS
   FQDN or attempt to update a DNS FQDN that has been added to the DNS
   for another purpose as they obtain DHCP leases.  Whether the DHCP
   server or the clients themselves perform the DNS updates, conflicts
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Russ Mundy wrote:

"[...] the requirements in Thierry's draft seemed to be addressing what
would be needed for a full-blown pki which I think is more than the WG
wants for rollover [...]"

This assessment of draft-moreau-dnsext-tak-req-00.txt is unsupported,
expeditious, imprecise, and misleading. You may infer that I disagree.

The document draft-moreau-dnsext-tak-req-00.txt is an independent I-D
submission addressing the automated trust anchor key rollover
requirements for DNSSEC. The dnsext wg is chartered to work on this
automated rollover.

Regards,

-- 

- Thierry Moreau

CONNOTECH Experts-conseils inc.
9130 Place de Montgolfier
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From owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org Sat Feb 25 13:23:38 2006
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At 22:57 22/02/2006, Bernie Volz \(volz\) wrote:

>Hi:
>
>I have just submitted revised versions of the=20
>drafts. Copies of what I submitted are available at:
>
>Ralph had sent a list of 11 issues to the=20
>mailing list. And, then followed up with 19 more=20
>raised by Pekka Savola but that list of issues=20
>did not go to the DHC WG. Both emails are below=20
>so you can see the full list of 30 issues.
>
>I believe I have addressed all of them.

<DNSEXT chair-hat=3Don>
Bernie,  thank you for your diligent work on getting the document
set updated.


>Some key changes are that the DHCID RR now has=20
>an additional field to specify the digest type=20
>and we've switched to using SHA-256 instead of MD5.

<DNSEXT chair-hat=3Doff>
To give a little background on this change.
During the document revision there was a off-list discussion that involved
Ralph Droms, Olafur Gudmundsson, David Harkins, Sam Hartman, Ted Lemon
and Bernie Volz. This recollection is mine apologies to anyone that I
misrepresent/misunderstood/omitted.

This results of discussion need to be documented, and I'm doing that here.
   1. Without obfuscation of the client ID, it is trivial to track clients
         as the move around.
   1.5 No protocol change can protect a client that exposes its Client ID
       over a public network, such as the IETF wireless net. But obfuscation
       still provides large number of clients with increased privacy.

   2. In the overall schema of things he cost difference between using MD5,
      SHA1 and SHA256 is not that great, thus the=20
strongest one should be used.

   3. Changing obfuscation functions over time can either
      be accomplished by using a new field in DHCID or new RR type.
      It is better not having to do a type code rollover. The rollover
      to a new digest function MUST be defined by the NEW definition,
      by this document. The reason for this is we are not sure if there
      is ever a need so spending time on that right now is not productive,
      and by selecting the one of the strongest functions available
      right now we hope to push this far into the future, i.e. after
      Ted, Ralph and I retire from the ietf :-).


>We need to figure out what the next step is --=20
>do we need another DHC / DNSEXT WG last-call or=20
>do we send these to the IESG directly?



<DNSEXT chair-hat=3Don>
Most of the changes are "minor" and I do not see need for a last call,
either at the WG level or IETF.
Scanning the documents I'm concerned that the examples are TBD, thus
I request that at least 3 parties calculate the new digests and post
their results. After which the DHCID document is needs to be updated.

>If there is strong demand, I can develop diff=20
>files but as there were a lot of minor edits and=20
>changes to references, it likely will be rather large set of differences.

Diffs and (partial history are available at
http://tools.ietf.org/wg/dnsext/draft-ietf-dnsext-dhcid-rr/

http://tools.ietf.org/wg/dhc/draft-ietf-dhc-ddns-resolution/

http://tools.ietf.org/wg/dhc/draft-ietf-dhc-fqdn-option/

http://tools.ietf.org/wg/dhc/draft-ietf-dhc-dhcpv6-fqdn/

         =D3lafur =20


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--On 24 February 2006 18:11 +0000 Geoffrey Sisson <geoff@nominet.org.uk> 
wrote:

> The problem with the 10% non-kidding part is that a malicious/ignorant
> zone operator could put the value in this RR arbitrarily high, too.

That was why I was (again 90% kidding) suggesting it got inherited
from its parent.

Alex

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Hi Russ -

I'm going to have to object to the 12 month period in 5.5 as a 
requirement.  It's a nice to have, but we should consider any box 
that's been sitting on the shelf for 12 months as the equivalent of a 
freshly manufactured box for purposes of ANY configuration.

If this requirement stands, it eliminates any possibility of doing 
this in-band with the DNS protocol and will require an external 
key-management system that can handle being disconnected for 12 
months.  (And I'm not sure I know of any one).    [OK - I know I have 
to explain this.  Basically, DNS is two different protocols - a 
two-way transport protocol and a one-way data protocol.  It's 
possible to query a server if you get problematic - protocol-wise - 
answers during a query, but it's currently not possible to do 
something like ask an authoritative server for all the changes that 
were made over the last twelve months - e.g. what the database folks 
call "journaling".  To accomplish a recovery from 12 month down time 
you're going to need to be able to chain all the changes at the 
appropriate times and even, if your original trust anchor is 
compromised, I'm not sure you can trust your answer.  This would 
suggest using a set of signatures completely outside of DNSSEC - 
maybe even something based on 509 certs and messages]

Mike



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From owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org Sat Feb 25 15:41:28 2006
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Subject: Re: DNSSECbis clarifications: QTYPE ANY & "DNSSEC RRSets"
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Read all the current responses to this thread - but didn't go back 
into prehistory.

OK - depending on the resolution for NSEC3 and type code rollover -

Do you need a specific "DO" bit for each flavor of DNSSEC?  Or if an 
RRSet is signed by DNSSECold (SIG), DNSSECcurrent(RRSIG) and 
DNSSEC(NSEC3SIG) are all of these returned for "DO"?

Mike


At 12:41 PM 2/20/2006, Peter Koch wrote:
>Colleagues,
>
>during a discussion at a different venue the question arose whether or not
>the "DNSSEC RRs" should be included in a response to an ANY query with DO=0.
>
>pro:
>
>   section 3 of RFC 4035 (top of page 9) says:
>
>      A security-aware name server that receives a DNS query that does not
>      include the EDNS OPT pseudo-RR or that has the DO bit clear MUST
>      treat the RRSIG, DNSKEY, and NSEC RRs as it would any other RRset and
>      MUST NOT perform any of the additional processing described below.
>
>   "treat ... as it would any other RRset" would support ANY covering those,
>   which is consistent with RFC 3225 (which explicitly listed ANY).
>
>   Also, this would be consistent with RFC 3597, not requiring special
>   handling for "unknown" types.
>
>con:
>
>   RFC 4035, 3.2 says:
>
>   3.2.1.  The DO Bit
>
>      The resolver side of a security-aware recursive name server MUST set
>      the DO bit when sending requests, regardless of the state of the DO
>      bit in the initiating request received by the name server side.  If
>      the DO bit in an initiating query is not set, the name server side
>      MUST strip any authenticating DNSSEC RRs from the response but MUST
>      NOT strip any DNSSEC RR types that the initiating query explicitly
>      requested.
>
>   The important part is the last full sentence.
>
>   Also: the DO bit was introduced to protect "innocent" resolvers from
>   DNSSEC RRs they might not expect or understand.
>
>Opinions?
>
>-Peter
>
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In-Reply-To: Your message of "Sat, 25 Feb 2006 12:02:22 EST."
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# "[...] the requirements in Thierry's draft seemed to be addressing what
# would be needed for a full-blown pki which I think is more than the WG
# wants for rollover [...]"
# 
# This assessment of draft-moreau-dnsext-tak-req-00.txt is unsupported,
# expeditious, imprecise, and misleading. You may infer that I disagree.

since your work on this is patented, most of us have not reviewed it.

# The document draft-moreau-dnsext-tak-req-00.txt is an independent I-D
# submission addressing the automated trust anchor key rollover
# requirements for DNSSEC. The dnsext wg is chartered to work on this
# automated rollover.

and what is the IPR status of your requirements document?

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From: Ben Laurie <ben@algroup.co.uk>
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Russ Mundy wrote:
> see in-line:
> 
> On 2/23/06 at 7:16 PM -0000, Ben Laurie <ben@algroup.co.uk> wrote: 
>> Internet-Drafts@ietf.org wrote:
>>> A New Internet-Draft is available from the on-line Internet-Drafts 
>> directories.
>>> This draft is a work item of the DNS Extensions Working Group of the IETF.
>>>
>>>  Title       : Requirements related to DNSSEC Trust Anchor Rollover
>> Comments:
>>
>> Emergency Trust Anchor Rollover:
>>
>>  "Any security-aware resolver
>>   using those RR(s) as Trust Anchor(s) must quickly remove them from
>>   use by the resolver."
>>
>> Surely not - what must happen is they must start using the new keys
>> and stop using the old ones.
> 
> The current wording may need improved but I think that your suggested change
> infers that there _will_ (or MUST) be new keys available at the time that the

implies, surely. But in any case if there aren't new keys it isn't rollover.

> 'old' keys should no longer be used, e.g., 'old' keys have been compromised.
> While I agree that having new keys in place when old keys are removed is the
> most desireable state but I believe that there is a real possibility that a
> zone may not have new keys available so that the zone can no longer be
> operated as signed.  In that case, the security-aware resolver should stop
> using the old key as a TA and treat everything under that hierarchy as _not_
> signed.  In other words, the TA should no longer be used even though a new key
> is not available.  Do you have some wording suggestions?

I really would prefer that the definition of rollover and the
requirements were separated.

Here's what I'd suggest:

Emergency Trust Anchor Rollover

   The operator of a signed zone has issued new DNSKEY RR(s) and/or DS
   RR(s) as part of an exceptional event.

Emergency Trust Anchor Revocation

   The operator of a signed zone wishes to indicate that the current
   DNSKEY and/or DS RR(s) are no longer valid as part of an exceptional
   event.

with the requirements moved down to the requirements section.

>> Normal or Scheduled Trust Anchor Rollover:
>>
>>  "Operators of security-aware resolvers using RR(s) from that zone as
>>   Trust Anchors need to acquire new and remove revoked Trust Anchors
>>   at roughly the same time as the signed zone issues or revokes
>>   RR(s)."
>>
>> Actually the requirement is that they don't use revoked ones after
>> they are revoked and do use new ones. Why is this different? Because
>> it allows resolvers that are offline for an extended period to comply.
> 
> I agree that this definition doesn't mesh particularly well with 5.5 but I
> don't think that they conflict either in that when a system is 'returning from
> offline' there should be an effective, secure method for it the resolver to
> use only valid TAs.  Do you have some suggested words here?

Again, split the definition from the requirement, and make the requirement:

Operators of security-aware resolvers using RR(s) from that zone as
Trust Anchors need to acquire new and remove revoked Trust Anchors such
that no old key is used for long after revocation."

Cheers,

Ben.

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From: Russ Mundy <mundy@sparta.com>
Subject: Re: I-D ACTION:draft-ietf-dnsext-rollover-requirements-00.txt
To: Ben Laurie <ben@algroup.co.uk>
Cc: namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
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see in-line:

On 2/23/06 at 7:16 PM -0000, Ben Laurie <ben@algroup.co.uk> wrote:=20
>Internet-Drafts@ietf.org wrote:
>> A New Internet-Draft is available from the on-line Internet-Drafts=20
>directories.
>> This draft is a work item of the DNS Extensions Working Group of the IET=
=46.
>>=20
>>  Title       : Requirements related to DNSSEC Trust Anchor Rollover
>
>Comments:
>
>Emergency Trust Anchor Rollover:
>
>  "Any security-aware resolver
>   using those RR(s) as Trust Anchor(s) must quickly remove them from
>   use by the resolver."
>
>Surely not - what must happen is they must start using the new keys
>and stop using the old ones.

The current wording may need improved but I think that your suggested chang=
e
infers that there _will_ (or MUST) be new keys available at the time that t=
he
'old' keys should no longer be used, e.g., 'old' keys have been compromised=
=2E
While I agree that having new keys in place when old keys are removed is th=
e
most desireable state but I believe that there is a real possibility that a
zone may not have new keys available so that the zone can no longer be
operated as signed.  In that case, the security-aware resolver should stop
using the old key as a TA and treat everything under that hierarchy as _not=
_
signed.  In other words, the TA should no longer be used even though a new =
key
is not available.  Do you have some wording suggestions?

>
>Normal or Scheduled Trust Anchor Rollover:
>
>  "Operators of security-aware resolvers using RR(s) from that zone as
>   Trust Anchors need to acquire new and remove revoked Trust Anchors
>   at roughly the same time as the signed zone issues or revokes
>   RR(s)."
>
>Actually the requirement is that they don't use revoked ones after
>they are revoked and do use new ones. Why is this different? Because
>it allows resolvers that are offline for an extended period to comply.

I agree that this definition doesn't mesh particularly well with 5.5 but I
don't think that they conflict either in that when a system is 'returning f=
rom
offline' there should be an effective, secure method for it the resolver to
use only valid TAs.  Do you have some suggested words here?

>
>5.3 - is "SHALL" (as opposed to "shall") a word?

What Geoff said "Equivalent to "MUST" (RFC 2119)."

>
>5.9 - "Information about the issuer's view of that state of Resource
>   Records used as Trust Anchors" - should "that" be "the"?

Right, got it, thanks.

>
>also, a metacomment - some of the requirements seem to have ended up
>hidden in the definitions (such as those I comment on above).

Well there was some discussion among the editor team about things that shou=
ld
be definitions and things that should be requirements.  For the most part, =
the
requirements section are things the editor team received as directed in the
last WG meeting (mail list, direct mail & WG meetings).  The definitions we=
re
written to explain terms that were included in the requirements that did no=
t
have definitions (or not enough of a definition) in rfc4033. =20

It is certainly possible that some WG members believe (like Ben) that some =
(or
lots of) things from the definitions section should be revised & moved to t=
he
requirements section.  If you believe this to be the case, please speak up =
&
provide suggested wording for the 'new' requirement.

>
>Cheers,
>
>Ben.

Thanks a lot for your review & input,

Russ



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Subject: RE: [dhcwg] Open issues in DHCP FQDN, DHCID and DDNS-DHCP  Related RFCs
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> Scanning the documents I'm concerned that the examples are TBD, thus
> I request that at least 3 parties calculate the new digests and post
> their results. After which the DHCID document is needs to be updated.

I figured I'd wait until we settled on whether this was the correct way =
to go before supplying the DHCID RR data for the 3 examples. (I also =
didn't have a SHA-256 implementation readily at hand to actually write a =
quick program but implementations are readily available, such as in the =
OpenSSL distribution. I wanted to get the updated draft out figuring =
that the examples can be handled during the RFC editing process.)

- Bernie


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Subject: RE: [dhcwg] Open issues in DHCP FQDN,DHCID and DDNS-DHCP  Related RFCs
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Here's my calculation of the 3 examples in the DHCID RR draft.

Example 1:
     client.example.com.   A       10.0.0.1
     client.example.com.   DHCID   =
AAABxLmlskllE0MVjd57zHcWmEH3pCQ6VytcKD//7es/deY=3D

Example 2:
     chi.example.com.      A       10.0.12.99
     chi.example.com.      DHCID   =
AAEBOSD+XR3Os/0LozeXVqcNc7FwCfQdWL3b/NaiUDlW2No=3D

Example 3:
     chi6.example.com.     AAAA    2000::1234:5678
     chi6.example.com.     DHCID   =
AAIBY2/AuCccgoJbsaxcQc9TUapptP69lOjxfNuVAA2kjEA=3D

When calculating the SHA-256 hash, the following data patterns were =
used:

unsigned char example_1_data[] =3D {
	0x01,								// ethernet type code
	0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x05, 0x06,			// mac address
	6, 'c', 'l', 'i', 'e', 'n', 't',
	7, 'e', 'x', 'a', 'm', 'p', 'l', 'e',
	3, 'c', 'o', 'm',
	0 };

unsigned char example_2_data[] =3D {
	0x01, 0x07, 0x08, 0x09, 0x0a, 0x0b, 0x0c,		// client identifier
	3, 'c', 'h', 'i',
	7, 'e', 'x', 'a', 'm', 'p', 'l', 'e',
	3, 'c', 'o', 'm',
	0 };

unsigned char example_3_data[] =3D {
	0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x06, 0x41, 0x2d, 0xf1, 0x66,	// DUID
	      0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x05, 0x06,
	4, 'c', 'h', 'i', '6',
	7, 'e', 'x', 'a', 'm', 'p', 'l', 'e',
	3, 'c', 'o', 'm',
	0 };

Before base64 encoding, the 2 octet identifier type and 1 octet digest =
type (=3D1) were added in front of  the resulting SHA-256 hash.

- Bernie

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Bernie Volz (volz)=20
> Sent: Saturday, February 25, 2006 1:49 PM
> To: =D3lafur Gu=F0mundsson /DNSEXT co-chair
> Cc: margaret@thingmagic.com; namedroppers@ops.ietf.org; Sam=20
> Hartman; dhcwg@ietf.org
> Subject: RE: [dhcwg] Open issues in DHCP FQDN,DHCID and=20
> DDNS-DHCP Related RFCs
>=20
> > Scanning the documents I'm concerned that the examples are TBD, thus
> > I request that at least 3 parties calculate the new digests and post
> > their results. After which the DHCID document is needs to=20
> be updated.
>=20
> I figured I'd wait until we settled on whether this was the=20
> correct way to go before supplying the DHCID RR data for the=20
> 3 examples. (I also didn't have a SHA-256 implementation=20
> readily at hand to actually write a quick program but=20
> implementations are readily available, such as in the OpenSSL=20
> distribution. I wanted to get the updated draft out figuring=20
> that the examples can be handled during the RFC editing process.)
>=20
> - Bernie
>=20
> _______________________________________________
> dhcwg mailing list
> dhcwg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/dhcwg
>=20


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From owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org Mon Feb 27 05:44:03 2006
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Subject: Re: I-D ACTION:draft-ietf-dnsext-rollover-requirements-00.txt
Date: Mon, 27 Feb 2006 11:40:03 +0100
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On Feb 25, 2006, at 6:02 PM, Thierry Moreau wrote:

> The document draft-moreau-dnsext-tak-req-00.txt is an independent I-D
> submission addressing the automated trust anchor key rollover
> requirements for DNSSEC. The dnsext wg is chartered to work on this
> automated rollover.

And we do so by keeping focus on the working group requirements  
document.

If anybody would like to see requirements changed or added then, as  
always, the suggestion is to write a "patch" to the WG requirements  
document (wording as it should appear in the document) and argue why  
you would like to have it there.

Some participants are already following that strategy.

If there is consensus for your position the modification goes in.


--Olaf

-----------------------------------------------------------
Olaf M. Kolkman
NLnet Labs
http://www.nlnetlabs.nl/




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From owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org Mon Feb 27 06:21:20 2006
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From: Simon Josefsson <jas@extundo.com>
To: namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
Subject: draft-ietf-dnsext-rollover-requirements-00.txt 5.2
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Section 5.2 says:

   The solution SHOULD not have any intellectual property encumbrance
   on either the technologies used by the solution nor implementations
   of the solution. The technology used by the solution SHOULD permit
   implementers to provide complete, running implementations that have
   Berkley open source type of licensing.

I suggest modifying it to:

   The solution SHOULD not have any intellectual property encumbrance
   on either the technologies used by the solution nor implementations
   of the solution. The technology used by the solution SHOULD permit
   implementers to provide complete, running implementations that have
   Berkley open source type or GNU Generic Public License free
   software type of licensing.

The reasons is that we expect that implementations of this solution to
be released under the GPL (e.g., in glibc), and that the GPL places
certain additional restrictions on solutions, that the Berkeley
license do not places, which I feel are important to capture here.

In general, this section may be poorly phrased.  I see no problem in
picking a solution that is patented if there is a license that grant
everyone sufficient rights to use the solution without any additional
problems.  What do you think?

Thanks,
Simon

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From: Alex Bligh <alex@alex.org.uk>
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To: Simon Josefsson <jas@extundo.com>, namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
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--On 27 February 2006 12:19 +0100 Simon Josefsson <jas@extundo.com> wrote:

> The reasons is that we expect that implementations of this solution to
> be released under the GPL (e.g., in glibc), and that the GPL places
> certain additional restrictions on solutions, that the Berkeley
> license do not places, which I feel are important to capture here.

I don't think your propose change makes sense. What the original para
seeks to do is ensure that the IPR can be released under a BSD-style
license. The very fact that it can be released under such a license
means that it can also be released under a GPL-style license (as BSD-style
licenses allow relicensing).

Your proposal suggests that we merely ensure that it can be released
under BSD *OR* GPL. This would permit IPR that was /only/ released under
GPL, which would prevent a BSD release (as GPL does not permit relicensing
under BSD).

Your point that the wording is significantly broken is, however, taken.
BSD and GPL are both /copyright/ licenses, neither of which make any
mention of patents, and neither have any patent grant or patent defence
clauses. It's thus perfectly possible to release an implementation of
a patent-encumbered algorithm under (say) the GPL, and retain a cause
of action against those using it.

On that basis I would suggest simply deleting the second sentence
(which adds nothing except confusion to the first sentence).

But in any case, isn't there an IETF standard which specifies what sort of
IPR encumbrances are and are not acceptable, in which case can't we just
use that, rather than attempting to repeat that debate in microcosm? If so,
the whole paragraph can be replaced with a reference to that, and we
can stop trying to be lawyers :-) ...

Alex

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From owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org Mon Feb 27 06:47:48 2006
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From: Simon Josefsson <jas@extundo.com>
To: Alex Bligh <alex@alex.org.uk>
Cc: namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
Subject: Re: draft-ietf-dnsext-rollover-requirements-00.txt 5.2
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	"Mon, 27 Feb 2006 11:35:56 +0000")
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Alex Bligh <alex@alex.org.uk> writes:

> --On 27 February 2006 12:19 +0100 Simon Josefsson <jas@extundo.com> wrote:
>
>> The reasons is that we expect that implementations of this solution to
>> be released under the GPL (e.g., in glibc), and that the GPL places
>> certain additional restrictions on solutions, that the Berkeley
>> license do not places, which I feel are important to capture here.
>
> I don't think your propose change makes sense. What the original para
> seeks to do is ensure that the IPR can be released under a BSD-style
> license. The very fact that it can be released under such a license
> means that it can also be released under a GPL-style license (as BSD-style
> licenses allow relicensing).
>
> Your proposal suggests that we merely ensure that it can be released
> under BSD *OR* GPL. This would permit IPR that was /only/ released under
> GPL, which would prevent a BSD release (as GPL does not permit relicensing
> under BSD).

No, that was not my point.  I strongly believe the solution should be
possible to implement with any popular free license.  Including both
the BSD and the GPL.  If you have a better way to capture that, I'm
all for it.

> Your point that the wording is significantly broken is, however, taken.
> BSD and GPL are both /copyright/ licenses, neither of which make any
> mention of patents, and neither have any patent grant or patent defence
> clauses. It's thus perfectly possible to release an implementation of
> a patent-encumbered algorithm under (say) the GPL, and retain a cause
> of action against those using it.

At the risk of starting an unproductive discussion, that is incorrect,
the GPLv3 draft do talk about patents.

> On that basis I would suggest simply deleting the second sentence
> (which adds nothing except confusion to the first sentence).

I disagree.  Making it possible to implement this solution with either
BSD or GPL license seem required for wider adoption.

> But in any case, isn't there an IETF standard which specifies what sort of
> IPR encumbrances are and are not acceptable, in which case can't we just
> use that, rather than attempting to repeat that debate in microcosm? If so,
> the whole paragraph can be replaced with a reference to that, and we
> can stop trying to be lawyers :-) ...

See RFC 3979.

Thanks,
Simon

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From owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org Mon Feb 27 07:07:28 2006
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Subject: Re: draft-ietf-dnsext-rollover-requirements-00.txt 5.2
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On Mon, Feb 27, 2006 at 11:35:56AM +0000, Alex Bligh wrote:
> But in any case, isn't there an IETF standard which specifies what sort of
> IPR encumbrances are and are not acceptable, in which case can't we just
> use that, rather than attempting to repeat that debate in microcosm? If so,

RFC3979 is pretty clear that the IETF won't take a stand on
"acceptable or not".  But sectoin 6.5 offers three options under
which IPR claims are not incompatible with publication as RFC:

   a) under a royalty-free and otherwise reasonable and non-
   discriminatory license 

   b) under a license that contains reasonable and non-discriminatory
   terms and conditions, including a reasonable royalty or other payment

   c) without the need to obtain a license from the IPR holder

As nearly as I can tell, the point of the reference to the BSD in
this draft is to eliminate (b) from the running, and to clarify what
"reasonable and non-discriminatory" in (a) means.  My suspicion,
however, is that (c) is what we'd really like.  So perhaps something
along the following lines will get us there:

    The solution MUST be covered by one of options (a) or (c) of
    section 6.5 of [RFC3979].  If the technology is covered by option
    (a), the license SHOULD be compatible with standard licensing
    models of existing resolver libraries.

Does that help?

A


-- 
----
Andrew Sullivan                         204-4141 Yonge Street
Afilias Canada                        Toronto, Ontario Canada
<andrew@ca.afilias.info>                              M2P 2A8
                                        +1 416 646 3304 x4110


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From: "Olaf M. Kolkman" <olaf@NLnetLabs.nl>
Subject: WGLC dnssec-experiments and dnssec-opt-in
Date: Mon, 27 Feb 2006 15:44:45 +0100
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Dear Colleagues,


draft-ietf-dnsext-dnssec-experiments-00 has been on our stack for
quite some time draft-ietf-dnsext-dnssec-opt-in was updated to reflect
the content of the former.

In a mail to this group [1] we pointed you to these documents and
requested careful review of the methodology to perform these
experiments.

We would hereby like to issue a working group last call on
   draft-ietf-dnsext-dnssec-experiments-02
and
   draft-ietf-dnsext-dnssec-opt-in-08

The chairs think that it would be proper for the dnssec-experiments
draft to continue its life as an standards track RFC and for the
opt-in draft to continue as an experimental RFC and would like to ask
for consent or argued counter-proposals.

Please carefully review the methodology described in
dnssec-experiments and review if the methodology has been correctly
applied to the opt-in draft.

Please refrain from rehashing old discussions on the opt-in mechanism;
How experiments is applied to opt-in has relevance.

This working group last call will terminate March 15. We request at
least 5 people to state that they thoroughly read said documents
before we forward to the IESG.

Our apologies for leaving this shelved for so long.

--Olaf Kolkman


[1] http://ops.ietf.org/lists/namedroppers/namedroppers.2005/ 
msg00252.html

-----------------------------------------------------------
Olaf M. Kolkman
NLnet Labs
http://www.nlnetlabs.nl/




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--On 27 February 2006 07:04 -0500 Andrew Sullivan <andrew@ca.afilias.info> 
wrote:

>     The solution MUST be covered by one of options (a) or (c) of
>     section 6.5 of [RFC3979].  If the technology is covered by option
>     (a), the license SHOULD be compatible with standard licensing
>     models of existing resolver libraries.

That would indeed address my point.

Alex

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From owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org Mon Feb 27 10:09:10 2006
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From: Alex Bligh <alex@alex.org.uk>
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To: Simon Josefsson <jas@extundo.com>
Cc: namedroppers@ops.ietf.org, Alex Bligh <alex@alex.org.uk>
Subject: Re: draft-ietf-dnsext-rollover-requirements-00.txt 5.2
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Simon,


>> I don't think your propose change makes sense. What the original para
>> seeks to do is ensure that the IPR can be released under a BSD-style
>> license. The very fact that it can be released under such a license
>> means that it can also be released under a GPL-style license (as
>> BSD-style licenses allow relicensing).
>>
>> Your proposal suggests that we merely ensure that it can be released
>> under BSD *OR* GPL. This would permit IPR that was /only/ released under
>> GPL, which would prevent a BSD release (as GPL does not permit
>> relicensing under BSD).
>
> No, that was not my point.  I strongly believe the solution should be
> possible to implement with any popular free license.  Including both
> the BSD and the GPL.  If you have a better way to capture that, I'm
> all for it.

I agree with what you are seeking to do. However, your wording had
could be read to have the opposite effect...

> The technology used by the solution SHOULD permit
>    implementers to provide complete, running implementations that have
>    Berkley open source type or GNU Generic Public License free
>    software type of licensing.

... because of the word "or" before GNU. A technology that ONLY allowed GPL
would thus satisfy the "SHOULD" condition, if you read the "or" to mean
"the solution shall either provide X or Y". My point was that you can
delete the GPL bit because ANYTHING that's licensed under a BSD license can
ANYWAY be relicensed under the GPL. So if it is a necessary condition that
a BSD version of the library can be released, then that alone is sufficient
to ensure a GPL version can also be released (at least in terms of
copyright grant).

>> Your point that the wording is significantly broken is, however, taken.
>> BSD and GPL are both /copyright/ licenses, neither of which make any
>> mention of patents, and neither have any patent grant or patent defence
>> clauses. It's thus perfectly possible to release an implementation of
>> a patent-encumbered algorithm under (say) the GPL, and retain a cause
>> of action against those using it.
>
> At the risk of starting an unproductive discussion, that is incorrect,
> the GPLv3 draft do talk about patents.

That's WIP. GPLv2 is what's here today.

>> On that basis I would suggest simply deleting the second sentence
>> (which adds nothing except confusion to the first sentence).
>
> I disagree.  Making it possible to implement this solution with either
> BSD or GPL license seem required for wider adoption.

I agree completely, just that that's not what your proposed amendment
does (at least the way I read it). If you wrote "or (at the
implementers choice)" then it would not be ambiguous. But...

>> But in any case, isn't there an IETF standard which specifies what sort
>> of IPR encumbrances are and are not acceptable, in which case can't we
>> just use that, rather than attempting to repeat that debate in
>> microcosm? If so, the whole paragraph can be replaced with a reference
>> to that, and we can stop trying to be lawyers :-) ...
>
> See RFC 3979.

I think this is preferable (if we refer to (a) or (c)).

Alex

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From owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org Mon Feb 27 10:09:48 2006
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Subject: Re: draft-ietf-dnsext-rollover-requirements-00.txt 5.2 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Mon, 27 Feb 2006 15:00:49 GMT."
             <288304AC0C90E8853991FD04@[10.20.30.41]> 
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# >     The solution MUST be covered by one of options (a) or (c) of
# >     section 6.5 of [RFC3979].  If the technology is covered by option
# >     (a), the license SHOULD be compatible with standard licensing
# >     models of existing resolver libraries.
# 
# That would indeed address my point.

if someone points at GLIBC2 and says "it's compatible with that", no.
if someone points at BIND and says "it's compatible with that", yes.

therefore i think we need stronger, more explicit wording.

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Subject: Re: [dhcwg] Open issues in DHCP FQDN,	DHCID and DDNS-DHCP  Related
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Olafur,

I computed the sha256 hashes this morning using python 2.4 and the 
Crypto.SHA256 module, and got the same DHCID data for the three 
examples. I didn't think it would be necessary to post a transcript of 
the python command-lines or a script, but I could do that if you think 
it's helpful.

-- Mark

Bernie Volz (volz) wrote:
> Here's my calculation of the 3 examples in the DHCID RR draft.
> 
> Example 1:
>      client.example.com.   A       10.0.0.1
>      client.example.com.   DHCID   AAABxLmlskllE0MVjd57zHcWmEH3pCQ6VytcKD//7es/deY=
> 
> Example 2:
>      chi.example.com.      A       10.0.12.99
>      chi.example.com.      DHCID   AAEBOSD+XR3Os/0LozeXVqcNc7FwCfQdWL3b/NaiUDlW2No=
> 
> Example 3:
>      chi6.example.com.     AAAA    2000::1234:5678
>      chi6.example.com.     DHCID   AAIBY2/AuCccgoJbsaxcQc9TUapptP69lOjxfNuVAA2kjEA=
> 
> When calculating the SHA-256 hash, the following data patterns were used:
> 
> unsigned char example_1_data[] = {
> 	0x01,								// ethernet type code
> 	0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x05, 0x06,			// mac address
> 	6, 'c', 'l', 'i', 'e', 'n', 't',
> 	7, 'e', 'x', 'a', 'm', 'p', 'l', 'e',
> 	3, 'c', 'o', 'm',
> 	0 };
> 
> unsigned char example_2_data[] = {
> 	0x01, 0x07, 0x08, 0x09, 0x0a, 0x0b, 0x0c,		// client identifier
> 	3, 'c', 'h', 'i',
> 	7, 'e', 'x', 'a', 'm', 'p', 'l', 'e',
> 	3, 'c', 'o', 'm',
> 	0 };
> 
> unsigned char example_3_data[] = {
> 	0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x06, 0x41, 0x2d, 0xf1, 0x66,	// DUID
> 	      0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x05, 0x06,
> 	4, 'c', 'h', 'i', '6',
> 	7, 'e', 'x', 'a', 'm', 'p', 'l', 'e',
> 	3, 'c', 'o', 'm',
> 	0 };
> 
> Before base64 encoding, the 2 octet identifier type and 1 octet digest type (=1) were added in front of  the resulting SHA-256 hash.
> 
> - Bernie
> 
>> -----Original Message-----
>> From: Bernie Volz (volz) 
>> Sent: Saturday, February 25, 2006 1:49 PM
>> To: Ólafur Guðmundsson /DNSEXT co-chair
>> Cc: margaret@thingmagic.com; namedroppers@ops.ietf.org; Sam 
>> Hartman; dhcwg@ietf.org
>> Subject: RE: [dhcwg] Open issues in DHCP FQDN,DHCID and 
>> DDNS-DHCP Related RFCs
>>
>>> Scanning the documents I'm concerned that the examples are TBD, thus
>>> I request that at least 3 parties calculate the new digests and post
>>> their results. After which the DHCID document is needs to 
>> be updated.
>>
>> I figured I'd wait until we settled on whether this was the 
>> correct way to go before supplying the DHCID RR data for the 
>> 3 examples. (I also didn't have a SHA-256 implementation 
>> readily at hand to actually write a quick program but 
>> implementations are readily available, such as in the OpenSSL 
>> distribution. I wanted to get the updated draft out figuring 
>> that the examples can be handled during the RFC editing process.)
>>
>> - Bernie
>>
>> _______________________________________________
>> dhcwg mailing list
>> dhcwg@ietf.org
>> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/dhcwg
>>
> 
> _______________________________________________
> dhcwg mailing list
> dhcwg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/dhcwg
> 

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From: Simon Josefsson <jas@extundo.com>
To: Alex Bligh <alex@alex.org.uk>
Cc: namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
Subject: Re: draft-ietf-dnsext-rollover-requirements-00.txt 5.2
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Alex Bligh <alex@alex.org.uk> writes:

>>> But in any case, isn't there an IETF standard which specifies what sort
>>> of IPR encumbrances are and are not acceptable, in which case can't we
>>> just use that, rather than attempting to repeat that debate in
>>> microcosm? If so, the whole paragraph can be replaced with a reference
>>> to that, and we can stop trying to be lawyers :-) ...
>>
>> See RFC 3979.
>
> I think this is preferable (if we refer to (a) or (c)).

I agree that this is preferable.  I do believe it should be (a) _and_
(c), though.  For reference, here they are:

   a) under a royalty-free and otherwise reasonable and non-
   discriminatory license, or

   b) under a license that contains reasonable and non-discriminatory
   terms and conditions, including a reasonable royalty or other
   payment, or

   c) without the need to obtain a license from the IPR holder.

I don't think b) would be compatible with how several DNS resolvers
are distributed today (and thus likely to be distributed tomorrow).

a) without c) may cause delays when someone wishes to fork a free
implementation, requiring the new distributor to obtain a license.

If there are no strong argument that c) has to be permitted, I believe
a) AND c) would be the most useful requirement on a solution.

Thanks,
Simon

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From owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org Mon Feb 27 10:30:53 2006
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From: Simon Josefsson <jas@extundo.com>
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Cc: namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
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Paul Vixie <paul@vix.com> writes:

> # No, that was not my point.  I strongly believe the solution should be
> # possible to implement with any popular free license.  Including both
> # the BSD and the GPL.  If you have a better way to capture that, I'm
> # all for it.
>
> BSD code can be forked and rerelased under GPL, but not vice versa.  So
> if you specify "BSD or GPL" you're allowing for a non-BSD-compatible
> license (which TAKREM, for example, has).  If you specify "BSD" then you
> are effectively allowing "BSD or GPL" implementations.

I disagree.  GPLv3 discusses patents.  It will be possible to create
an implementation licensed under the BSD license that is not possible
to re-license to GPLv3 because of a patent.

I do not think this WG will have a solution to the anchor problem
before GPLv3 has been released.  Since GLIBC will be available under
GPLv3, and may end up containing an implementation of this proposal
[1], I believe it is useful to make sure it is possible to implement
the solution and release the code under the GPLv3 license.

Thanks.

[1] Although it will likely be an external add-on in the beginning,
similar to how my IDN work was distributed as an add-on to GLIBC in
the beginning, but later merged into glibc proper.

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--On 27 February 2006 16:20 +0100 Simon Josefsson <jas@extundo.com> wrote:

> I don't think b) would be compatible with how several DNS resolvers
> are distributed today (and thus likely to be distributed tomorrow).
>
> a) without c) may cause delays when someone wishes to fork a free
> implementation, requiring the new distributor to obtain a license.
>
> If there are no strong argument that c) has to be permitted, I believe
> a) AND c) would be the most useful requirement on a solution.

At risk of spending the whole day arguing about AND vs OR, how
can something both be "without the need to obtain a license"
AND be "under a royalty-free or otherwise non-discrimatory license". The
stronger statement (if we are concerned about minimizing licensing
conditions to implementors) would be to require (c). I can't see
how requiring "(a) AND (c)" is meaningful.

I think it either has to be "(a) or (c)", or "(c)". Only the latter
will guarantee it can be released under a BSD license, which is your
aim. (a) (which is a possibility in "(a) or (c)" would allow the
requirement of a payment of (say) 1 cent per deployed library, which
is obviously not compatible with BSD/GPL.

Therefore I think we should be going for "(c)".

Alex

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From: Andrew Sullivan <andrew@ca.afilias.info>
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Subject: Re: draft-ietf-dnsext-rollover-requirements-00.txt 5.2
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On Mon, Feb 27, 2006 at 03:08:19PM +0000, Paul Vixie wrote:
> # >     (a), the license SHOULD be compatible with standard licensing
> # >     models of existing resolver libraries.
> # 
> # That would indeed address my point.
> 
> if someone points at GLIBC2 and says "it's compatible with that", no.
> if someone points at BIND and says "it's compatible with that", yes.

That was why I said "models" and not "a model".  But the idea is, "It
had better be compatible with all the well-known licenses for this
sort of stuff."  What about ". . .compatible with standard licensing
models of existing resolver libraries, including Berkeley- and GNU-
style software licenses."  (My own preference, FWIW, is to add
that technologies that are available under case (c) SHOULD be
preferred over other technologies, assuming each meets the other
technical requirements.  AFAIK this is in keeping with the current
BCPs, but I neither am a lawyer nor had a hand in drafting the
current BCPs.)

A
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----
Andrew Sullivan                         204-4141 Yonge Street
Afilias Canada                        Toronto, Ontario Canada
<andrew@ca.afilias.info>                              M2P 2A8
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Please send to me requests items you want to have on the agenda
along with how long a slot you prefer.

	Olafur


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Date: Mon, 27 Feb 2006 16:13:38 +0000
From: Alex Bligh <alex@alex.org.uk>
Reply-To: Alex Bligh <alex@alex.org.uk>
To: Simon Josefsson <jas@extundo.com>, Paul Vixie <paul@vix.com>
Cc: namedroppers@ops.ietf.org, Alex Bligh <alex@alex.org.uk>
Subject: Re: draft-ietf-dnsext-rollover-requirements-00.txt 5.2
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--On 27 February 2006 16:28 +0100 Simon Josefsson <jas@extundo.com> wrote:

> I disagree.  GPLv3 discusses patents.  It will be possible to create
> an implementation licensed under the BSD license that is not possible
> to re-license to GPLv3 because of a patent.

Even if GPLv3 contains a grant, it is STILL possible for a third party
to relicense a BSD license under GPLv3. However, the end licensee will
not benefit from the grant in GPLv3, as the original IPR holder won't
have granted it.

The same problem occurs in a much simpler scenario, which is that
the license holder grants a BSD license (which has no patent grant).

Even if you disambiguate your wording, the "letter of the law" would
still be met by an IPR holder who agrees to grant a BSD license to
the IPR (which would be ineffective to help enbd users as it didn't
contain a patent grant), and a GPLv3 license (which would be effective
to end users, but they'd be stuck with a GPLv3 license). That doesn't
do what you want, because people can't *USE* it under the BSD license
(because they don't have a patent grant).

> I do not think this WG will have a solution to the anchor problem
> before GPLv3 has been released.  Since GLIBC will be available under
> GPLv3, and may end up containing an implementation of this proposal
> [1], I believe it is useful to make sure it is possible to implement
> the solution and release the code under the GPLv3 license.

I think trying to reinvent license-discuss here is folly. We should not
talk about specific licenses. We should talk about unincumbered IPR.
IE we should define the effect we want, not cause. If we really want
to talk about software licenses, how about:

   The technology used by the solution SHOULD permit
   implementers to provide complete, running implementations under
   any OSI-approved license that the implementor chooses, without either
   the implementer or the end user requiring any additional
   license grant (patent, copyright, or other) to make use of the
   resultant code.

If you like you can add "(including BSD and GPL)" after "OSI-approved
license" but I think it's otiose.

Can I also pick another hole in this bit:

   The solution SHOULD not have any intellectual property encumbrance
   on either the technologies used by the solution nor implementations
   of the solution.

I think it's quite reasonable for a subset of implementations to
be subject to IPR "encumbrances", provided you can produce another that
isn't. For instance, if someone produces an unpatented method, and
provides a closed-source implementation, this should not count against
the protocol (the more interoperability the better) PROVIDED that
it doesn't make it any harder for anyone else to provide unencumbered
implementations. We also have an "either/nor" issue.
I think we should have something like.

   The solution SHOULD not have any intellectual property encumbrance
   affecting either the technologies used by the solution, or which
   necessarily affect any implementatoin of the solution.

Just to be clear, I fully agree with what you are trying to do here,
which is to specify that whatever solution is picked should not create
problems for those trying to incorporate the library in to GPL or BSD
code, I'm just arguing about the wording; in fact I'd probably go
further and make the "SHOULD" a "MUST" given we are talking about every
resolver that's out there.

Alex

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Subject: Re: draft-ietf-dnsext-rollover-requirements-00.txt 5.2 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Mon, 27 Feb 2006 12:45:17 +0100."
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# No, that was not my point.  I strongly believe the solution should be
# possible to implement with any popular free license.  Including both
# the BSD and the GPL.  If you have a better way to capture that, I'm
# all for it.

BSD code can be forked and rerelased under GPL, but not vice versa.  So
if you specify "BSD or GPL" you're allowing for a non-BSD-compatible
license (which TAKREM, for example, has).  If you specify "BSD" then you
are effectively allowing "BSD or GPL" implementations.

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Subject: Re: draft-ietf-dnsext-rollover-requirements-00.txt 5.2
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Alex Bligh <alex@alex.org.uk> writes:

> --On 27 February 2006 16:28 +0100 Simon Josefsson <jas@extundo.com> wrote:
>
>> I disagree.  GPLv3 discusses patents.  It will be possible to create
>> an implementation licensed under the BSD license that is not possible
>> to re-license to GPLv3 because of a patent.
>
> Even if GPLv3 contains a grant, it is STILL possible for a third party
> to relicense a BSD license under GPLv3. However, the end licensee will
> not benefit from the grant in GPLv3, as the original IPR holder won't
> have granted it.

See section 11 of GPLv3.  There is an automatic implied patent license
right in it, see:

http://gplv3.fsf.org/draft
http://gplv3.fsf.org/rationale#SECTION003110000000000000000

So it seems it may not be possible to re-license BSD code under the
GPLv3, if there is an applicable patent that the IPR holder is not
willing to grant a license to.

> I think trying to reinvent license-discuss here is folly. We should not
> talk about specific licenses. We should talk about unincumbered IPR.
> IE we should define the effect we want, not cause.

I completely agree here.  My issue was prompted up by the current
draft discussing licenses.

> Just to be clear, I fully agree with what you are trying to do here,
> which is to specify that whatever solution is picked should not create
> problems for those trying to incorporate the library in to GPL or BSD
> code, I'm just arguing about the wording; in fact I'd probably go
> further and make the "SHOULD" a "MUST" given we are talking about every
> resolver that's out there.

I don't think RFC 2119 language is applicable at all here.  This is
intended to be a guiding document.

Thanks,
Simon

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From owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org Mon Feb 27 14:31:47 2006
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From: "Hilarie Orman" <ho@alum.mit.edu>
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Both requirments documents have good points and severe flaws in
presentation.  I don't think either one serves as a starting point for
modification.

Here's my attempt to summarize the requirements from each --- I've
tried to preserve the inconsistencies and confusions, possibly
introducing new ones:

Individual Submission (Moreau)

1. Entity named in whois information for the zone must
   adopt documented procedures and protocols.
2. Resolver must have trusted configuration store.
3. Resolver may initialize trust at first instantiation of zone keys.
4. Support automated rollover to greatest possible extent.
5. Trustworthiness must be >= previous trustworthiness.
6. Rollover method must have analysis (disclosure) of catastropic
   failure modes.
7. Resolver must be able to detect key revocation, and
   resolver must be able to detect key re-use.
8. Management scheme must have analysis of dependency on
   initial out-of-band distribution of trusted information.
9. Must support two keys at once (incoming and retiring keys).
10. Resolver must be able to detect key revocation.
11. Analysis of how to avoid critical failure modes.

-----------------------

Working Group Submission

1. Scalability for Internet-wide usage.
2. No IPR; Berkeley open source licensing recommended.
3,4. Applicable to root zone and all others, including private networks.
5. Reconnection after 12 months should be OK.
6. Manual or automated.
7. Scheduled and non-scheduled rollover.
   a. Initial Trust Relationship is optional.
8. Timely distribution of TA RRs.
9. Trustworthy distribution of new RRs and retraction of outdated RRs.
10. New RR types are a question to the WG.

  Requirements derived from the definitions:
1. Resolvers must switch to using new RRs quickly in an emergency rollover.
2. Resolvers must obtain TA RRs in a trustworthy manner.
3. Zone operator issues new keys and optionally revokes old keys;
   resolvers must switch to using the new keys at "roughly" the same time.
4. Resolvers may have any number of TAs for any number of zones.
5. Resolver operators are responsible for using a trustworthy method
   of obtaining TAs.  The integrity and authenticity must be
   assured.  No TA can be used unless there is an Initial Trust Relationship.
6. Issuer of TA RRs and users of same must know exactly which RRs are
   revoked.

---------------------

The WG submission's main 1, 3, 4, 8, and 9 look good.  The WG
submission's reqs from definitions 1, 2, and 5 are also good.
Moreau's 5, 7 (second clause), and 9 look like good things that aren't
in the other draft.

Neither document explicitly mentions advertising key lifetimes.
The WG submission hints at the issue in saying that a resolver probably
won't use more than 20 TA's.  Does this mean 20 manually configured
lifetimes and ad hoc methods (telephone call?) of update notification?

The IPR issue seems to be a point of contention, as is the Initial
Trust Relationship (the WG submission seems to contradict itself on
this point).

Is there really such a thing as an emergency rollover?

What happens when a zone switches from being an island of trust to
being part of the hierarchy?  Should everyone treating it as a 
TA remove its TA RR's from their resolvers?

Hilarie Orman
Purple Streak, Inc.

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Subject: Re: draft-ietf-dnsext-rollover-requirements-00.txt 5.2 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Mon, 27 Feb 2006 16:20:50 +0100."
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# I agree that this is preferable.  I do believe it should be (a) _and_
# (c), though.  For reference, here they are:
# 
#    a) under a royalty-free and otherwise reasonable and non-
#    discriminatory license, or
# ...
#    c) without the need to obtain a license from the IPR holder.
# 

agreed.

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From owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org Mon Feb 27 20:19:56 2006
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From: Thierry Moreau <thierry.moreau@connotech.com>
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To: Hilarie Orman <ho@alum.mit.edu>
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Dear Hilarie:

First, the conventional "Thanks for your interest in our individual
sumbission draft." applies to your message.

It is thus a pleasure for me to attempt answer the questions you asked.

> Neither document explicitly mentions advertising key lifetimes.

This is discussed in section 3.3 in the document 
draft-moreau-dnsext-tak-req-00.txt. Not an explicit formal requirement 
though.

> Is there really such a thing as an emergency rollover?

In essence, the document draft-moreau-dnsext-tak-req-00.txt circumvents
the definitional issue for "emergency rollover".

For resolvers, this is discussed in the 4th to last and 3rd to last 
paragraphs of section 2.2.

On the authoritative nameserver side, please refer to the 2nd 
requirement in section 2.3: by implication, the presence of a possible 
"breached state" (in the key life-cycle diagram) mandates support of 
emergency rollover by nameservers.

> What happens when a zone switches from being an island of trust to
> being part of the hierarchy?

This is discussed in section 3.2. Not an explicit formal requirement though.

> Should everyone treating it as a 
> TA remove its TA RR's from their resolvers?

The document draft-moreau-dnsext-tak-req-00.txt des not mandate this
behavior.

Best regards,

-- 

- Thierry Moreau

CONNOTECH Experts-conseils inc.
9130 Place de Montgolfier
Montreal, Qc
Canada   H2M 2A1

Tel.: (514)385-5691
Fax:  (514)385-5900

web site: http://www.connotech.com
e-mail: thierry.moreau@connotech.com



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From owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org Tue Feb 28 03:28:45 2006
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From: "Olaf M. Kolkman" <olaf@NLnetLabs.nl>
Subject: Re: I-D ACTION:draft-ietf-dnsext-rollover-requirements-00.txt
Date: Tue, 28 Feb 2006 09:22:52 +0100
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Hilarie,

Thanks for making this inventory....

You wrote:
>  I don't think either one serves as a starting point for modification.

Personally I think a 3rd document would be overkill and a waist of  
time. We want to have a rough consensus document on which we can base  
trade-offs. Once all issues have been identified and we have a rough  
consensus on what we want we can start making tradeoffs.


I propose that the editors extract "Issues" out of this list so that  
we can discuss them one by one. It will help us to keep focus.

Can we count on the editors to do this in the cause of the week?

--Olaf

>
> The WG submission's main 1, 3, 4, 8, and 9 look good.  The WG
> submission's reqs from definitions 1, 2, and 5 are also good.
> Moreau's 5, 7 (second clause), and 9 look like good things that aren't
> in the other draft.
>
> Neither document explicitly mentions advertising key lifetimes.
> The WG submission hints at the issue in saying that a resolver  
> probably
> won't use more than 20 TA's.  Does this mean 20 manually configured
> lifetimes and ad hoc methods (telephone call?) of update notification?
>
> The IPR issue seems to be a point of contention, as is the Initial
> Trust Relationship (the WG submission seems to contradict itself on
> this point).
>
> Is there really such a thing as an emergency rollover?
>
> What happens when a zone switches from being an island of trust to
> being part of the hierarchy?  Should everyone treating it as a
> TA remove its TA RR's from their resolvers?
>
> Hilarie Orman
> Purple Streak, Inc.
>
> --
> to unsubscribe send a message to namedroppers-request@ops.ietf.org  
> with
> the word 'unsubscribe' in a single line as the message text body.
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-----------------------------------------------------------
Olaf M. Kolkman
NLnet Labs
http://www.nlnetlabs.nl/




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From owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org Tue Feb 28 05:30:06 2006
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Hilarie Orman wrote:
> Both requirments documents have good points and severe flaws in
> presentation.  I don't think either one serves as a starting point for
> modification.
> 
> Here's my attempt to summarize the requirements from each --- I've
> tried to preserve the inconsistencies and confusions, possibly
> introducing new ones:
> 
> Individual Submission (Moreau)
> 
> 1. Entity named in whois information for the zone must
>    adopt documented procedures and protocols.
> 2. Resolver must have trusted configuration store.
> 3. Resolver may initialize trust at first instantiation of zone keys.
> 4. Support automated rollover to greatest possible extent.
> 5. Trustworthiness must be >= previous trustworthiness.
> 6. Rollover method must have analysis (disclosure) of catastropic
>    failure modes.
> 7. Resolver must be able to detect key revocation, and
>    resolver must be able to detect key re-use.
> 8. Management scheme must have analysis of dependency on
>    initial out-of-band distribution of trusted information.
> 9. Must support two keys at once (incoming and retiring keys).
> 10. Resolver must be able to detect key revocation.
> 11. Analysis of how to avoid critical failure modes.
> 
> -----------------------
> 
> Working Group Submission
> 
> 1. Scalability for Internet-wide usage.
> 2. No IPR; Berkeley open source licensing recommended.
> 3,4. Applicable to root zone and all others, including private networks.
> 5. Reconnection after 12 months should be OK.
> 6. Manual or automated.
> 7. Scheduled and non-scheduled rollover.
>    a. Initial Trust Relationship is optional.
> 8. Timely distribution of TA RRs.
> 9. Trustworthy distribution of new RRs and retraction of outdated RRs.
> 10. New RR types are a question to the WG.
> 
>   Requirements derived from the definitions:
> 1. Resolvers must switch to using new RRs quickly in an emergency rollover.
> 2. Resolvers must obtain TA RRs in a trustworthy manner.
> 3. Zone operator issues new keys and optionally revokes old keys;
>    resolvers must switch to using the new keys at "roughly" the same time.
> 4. Resolvers may have any number of TAs for any number of zones.
> 5. Resolver operators are responsible for using a trustworthy method
>    of obtaining TAs.  The integrity and authenticity must be
>    assured.  No TA can be used unless there is an Initial Trust Relationship.
> 6. Issuer of TA RRs and users of same must know exactly which RRs are
>    revoked.
> 
> ---------------------
> 
> The WG submission's main 1, 3, 4, 8, and 9 look good.  The WG
> submission's reqs from definitions 1, 2, and 5 are also good.

By implication, you are saying that the other clauses are not good. What
is wrong with them?

> Moreau's 5, 7 (second clause), and 9 look like good things that aren't
> in the other draft.
> 
> Neither document explicitly mentions advertising key lifetimes.
> The WG submission hints at the issue in saying that a resolver probably
> won't use more than 20 TA's.  Does this mean 20 manually configured
> lifetimes and ad hoc methods (telephone call?) of update notification?
> 
> The IPR issue seems to be a point of contention, as is the Initial
> Trust Relationship (the WG submission seems to contradict itself on
> this point).

Surely a requirements document (at least an initial one) is bound to
have contradictory requirements?

I'm not sure I agree that IPR is a point of contention - there's some
detailed discussion over exactly how to best phrase the requirement to
be able to produce free software, but no disagreement over the
underlying requirement (apart from Thierry Moreau, who would like us to
use his IPR).

> Is there really such a thing as an emergency rollover?

There's certainly such a thing as a compromised key, and that's what
needs to be dealt with.

> What happens when a zone switches from being an island of trust to
> being part of the hierarchy?  Should everyone treating it as a 
> TA remove its TA RR's from their resolvers?

It seems to me the answer is "clearly not" - some people may have a
stronger trust relationship with a zone than with its parent.

Presumably software is going to end up distinguishing between keys that
should be trusted so long as there is no signed path to them, and keys
that should be trusted whatever happens.

Cheers,

Ben.

-- 
http://www.apache-ssl.org/ben.html           http://www.links.org/

"There is no limit to what a man can do or how far he can go if he
doesn't mind who gets the credit." - Robert Woodruff

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From: "Scott Rose" <scottr@nist.gov>
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Subject: RE: I-D ACTION:draft-ietf-dnsext-rollover-requirements-00.txt
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> -----Original Message-----
> From: owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
> [mailto:owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org]On Behalf Of Thierry Moreau

>
> > What happens when a zone switches from being an island of trust to
> > being part of the hierarchy?
>
> This is discussed in section 3.2. Not an explicit formal
> requirement though.
>

Perhaps it should be (in whatever final requirements draft is produced).  Or
at least the requirement that a zone transitioning from an island of trust
to a chain do so gracefully.  Especially in the first years of DNSSEC
rollout, as more zones move from being islands to part of a chain.

"Gracefully" would also mean that a zone continues to publish its own trust
anchor in addition to having it as part of a chain.

> > Should everyone treating it as a
> > TA remove its TA RR's from their resolvers?
>
> The document draft-moreau-dnsext-tak-req-00.txt des not mandate this
> behavior.
>

Either the validator would remove the TA, or continue to validate/update it
when possible through the chain.  This would be a policy decision if it was
believed the zone would move from chained back to an island for some reason.

Scott

> Best regards,
>
> --
>
> - Thierry Moreau
>
> CONNOTECH Experts-conseils inc.
> 9130 Place de Montgolfier
> Montreal, Qc
> Canada   H2M 2A1
>
> Tel.: (514)385-5691
> Fax:  (514)385-5900
>
> web site: http://www.connotech.com
> e-mail: thierry.moreau@connotech.com
>
>
>
> --
> to unsubscribe send a message to namedroppers-request@ops.ietf.org with
> the word 'unsubscribe' in a single line as the message text body.
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Nominet and DENIC are organising an NSEC3 workshop to be held at (or
near) DENIC's offices in Frankfurt, Germany on 8-10 May 2006.

The workshop will focus on:

- Functionality and interoperability of NSEC3 tools and implementations

- Comprehensive testing of the NSEC3 RR in NSEC3-only and NSEC/NSEC3
  environments

Participation is open to anyone with a serious interest; however, space
is limited, and precedence will be given to people who have a previous
involvement with NSEC3 or the development or deployment of DNSSEC.

If you are interested in participating, please let me know.

There will also be a pre-workshop meeting next week at Nominet's
offices in Oxford, United Kingdom.  This is also open to anyone with a
serious interest, but will have a narrow focus on proof-of-concept and
testing of basic functionality of existing code.

Reports from both the workshop and pre-workshop will be posted to the
namedroppers and nsec3-testing mailing lists.

Geoff

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