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Subject: RE: [eap] Authenticator versus AAA client
Date: Wed, 1 Mar 2006 15:52:11 -0500
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Thread-Topic: [eap] Authenticator versus AAA client
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From: "Nakhjiri Madjid-MNAKHJI1" <Madjid.Nakhjiri@motorola.com>
To: "Jari Arkko" <jari.arkko@piuha.net>
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Hi Jari,

Finally, I got around to look at this response more closely ;)=20
I look at figure 4 in the draft and I like to use the figure for
separation of authenticator and AAA client.
The way I see it. The keys (those that can be transported) come down
from EAP server to AAA server, from AAA server over to AAA client (over
AAA protocol) and then up to Authenticator (EAP Auth layer).=20


	peer			EAP pass-thru Auth		EAP
server
				PMK<----	^
|
				|		|
| MSK
		 SAP				|	MSK
V=20
		<------>	L2	AAA client<------------ AAA
server

I am guessing keys flow upward from AAA layer to authenticator layer
(AAA client to pass through authenticator), because, the pass-through
authenticator needs to create master keys for SAP between the itself and
the peer??
	=09
The current text requires "In order to prevent the compromise of
transported EAP keying material and parameters, the AAA client and EAP
authenticator MUST be co-resident."=09

 I am trying to figure out why this text limits the usage to collocated
AAA client and EAP authenticator. Sure there may be some identifier
issues between AAA client ID and authenticator ID (I am wondering if
they have to be resolved by requiring co-residency), but what if I want
the keys to be sent to another AAA client (a key holder) that is not
acting as EAP authenticator.=20

People have brought up 802.11r in previous discussion and mentioned that
the key holder there is an authenticator. I personally think that was a
result of the very same requirement.

Again, why is there a restriction that it has to be an EAP pass-through
authenticator that gets the master keys (MSK/AMSK). Also, is there a
restriction that EAP pass-through must hold master keys (such PMK) for
SAP and generates TSKs?

Thanks, and sorry for bringing this up again.

Madjid
-----Original Message-----
From: Jari Arkko [mailto:jari.arkko@piuha.net]=20
Sent: Tuesday, December 13, 2005 7:43 AM
To: Nakhjiri Madjid-MNAKHJI1
Cc: eap@frascone.com; Mohan.Parthasarathy@nokia.com
Subject: Re: [eap] Authenticator versus AAA client

Nakhjiri Madjid-MNAKHJI1 wrote:

>=20
>Hi folks,
>
>We are struggling to understand the true definition of EAP pass-through

>authenticator and how it differs from a AAA client. So here are some=20
>functions that we have in mind, we are trying to understand what=20
>function fits where:
>
>
>AAA client functionality:
>Run AAA protocol with AAA server.
>Receive authorization info  from AAA server
>
>EAP pass-through Authenticator
>Understand EAP success/ failure, but not EAP request/ responses.
>
>
>Things we need but not sure where to fit? Authenticator or AAA client?
>Converting EAP/link layer to EAP/AAA?=20
>Receiving master keys from AAA server? Yes, EAP keying defines this as=20
>authenticator, but it would seem that this is AAA client, since keys=20
>are sent over AAA protocol.
> =20
>
This is what the EAP keying framework says:

... On EAP
server, keying material requested by and passed down to the AAA layer
may be replicated to the AAA layer on the authenticator. On the
authenticator, the AAA layer may provide the replicated keying material
to the lower layer over which the EAP authentication conversation took
place. This enables "mode independence" to be maintained.

As illustrated in Figure 4, a AAA client receiving transported EAP
keying material and parameters passes them to the EAP authenticator and
EAP layers, which then provide them to the authenticator lower layer
using the same mechanisms that would be used if the EAP peer and
authenticator were conducting a stand-alone conversation. The resulting
key state in the lower layer is indistinguishable between the standalone
and pass-through cases, as required by the principle of mode
independence. In order to prevent the compromise of transported EAP
keying material and parameters, the AAA client and EAP authenticator
MUST be co-resident.

Hope this helps -- let us know if you want some specific clarification
to the text.

--Jari

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Subject: RE: [eap] Strawman -10/EMSK-->AMSK
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From: "Nakhjiri Madjid-MNAKHJI1" <Madjid.Nakhjiri@motorola.com>
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 So can I take this as to mean EMSK-->AMSK generation can be done at AAA
layer in EAP/AAA server (backend server)?


-----Original Message-----
From: Bernard Aboba [mailto:bernard_aboba@hotmail.com]=20
Sent: Tuesday, January 31, 2006 11:02 AM
To: rafa@dif.um.es
Cc: eap@frascone.com
Subject: Re: [eap] Strawman -10

>>The text forbidding the export was removed in Issue 320 with the=20
>>following proposed change, so it would appear to me that the export is
now allowed.
>
>I see. But I was wondering for example in the case of standalone=20
>authenticator : will only MSK be available to lower layer as usual or=20
>both
>(MSK,EMSK) now?

Note that the language relating to transport of the EMSK has not been
touched so that restriction remains.

In the passthrough case, the authenticator lower layer will not receive
the EMSK, whereas it will receive it in the standalone case.  Since the
peer does not know which case is being run, this implies that the lower
layer cannot derive the TSKs directly from the EMSK, but only from a
quantity that is always available within the authenticator lower layer.

As long as the keys that the lower layer depends on are always available
on the authenticator, this doesn't violate mode independence from the
peer's point of view.  I'm not sure it necessarily violates it on the
authenticator either, as long as the EMSK is destroyed after computation
of the AMSK.  If that is done, the end cryptographic state on the
authenticator is the same in either the pass-through or standalone case.

One advantage of this approach is that it keeps implementation of
cryptography out of the EAP layer.  Allowing cryptographic operations in
the EAP layer is a problem because EAP does not  support cryptographic
negotiation, so that negotiation of cryptographic algorithms such as
PRFs would require changes to existing EAP methods.  By doing those
calculations in the lower layer, instead, the Secure Association
Protocol can negotiate the cryptographic algorithms and this problem is
avoided.


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Madjid>>Again, why is deletion of EMSK after generation of one AMSK is a
requirements. What if we need to create multiple AMSKs and that at
multiple occassions?



Well, actually, lower layer authenticator implementation should expect=20
(MSK,EMSK) in the case EAP method is executed by the standalone=20
authenticator or (MSK,AMSK) in the case EAP method is executed by=20
backend authentication server. If it receives (MSK,EMSK) should create=20
AMSK and delete EMSK. If it receives (MSK,AMSK) , that's all, correct?
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Subject: RE: [eap] Strawman -10
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 > The difference is subtle, but potentially important for issues such
as=20
> crypto-agility.  Allowing the lower layer to obtain the EMSK enables=20
> the lower layer to negotiate the PRFs used in AMSK generation, whereas

> this is not possible if AMSK generation is handled in the EAP layer. =20
> It also maintains backward compatibility so that a lower layer using=20
> the AMSK can be introduced without requiring changes to existing EAP=20
> implementations.
>=20
> As long as the EAP peer does not need to be aware of whether the=20
> authenticator is configured in standalone or pass-through mode, I=20
> think that the requirements of mode independence have been met.

[Joe] This worries me.  It ties the key derivation to the lower layer,
which could be problematic.  A goal of the EMSK to AMSK derivation is to
contain the problem of a misbehaving lower layer to the lower layer
itself.  A lower layer that determines the key derivation algorithm
conflicts with this goal.  What happens if there are multiple AMSKs
being derived for different purposes? Who decides the KDF?  =20


I think I would prefer to see a default KDF specified with the
capability of an EAP method to override it with a KDF of its own. =20

Madjid>> Are you saying all EMSK-AMSK generations will have to follow
the same KDF defined based on EAP method? And ruling out use of
different KDFs for different AMSKs?


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Subject: RE: [eap] Strawman -10/EMSK management entity!!
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From: "Nakhjiri Madjid-MNAKHJI1" <Madjid.Nakhjiri@motorola.com>
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	"Rafa Marin Lopez" <rafa@dif.um.es>
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 EMSK management component that holds EMSKs, has the KDFs to create
various AMSKs from the EMSK at various times and can accept channel
binding parameters to bind the keys for usage, sounds like a KDC next to
the AAA server...

-----Original Message-----
From: Salowey, Joe [mailto:jsalowey@cisco.com]=20
Sent: Tuesday, January 31, 2006 7:31 PM
To: Rafa Marin Lopez
Cc: eap@frascone.com
Subject: RE: [eap] Strawman -10

=20

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Rafa Marin Lopez [mailto:rafa@dif.um.es]
> Sent: Tuesday, January 31, 2006 1:47 PM
> To: Salowey, Joe
> Cc: Bernard Aboba; eap@frascone.com
> Subject: Re: [eap] Strawman -10
>=20
> Then my question is what layer is going to derive keys (i.e.=20
> AMSK) from=20
> EMSK?   EAP layer?.
>=20
[Joe] I would say the EAP layer (if there is such a thing).  If you
don't like the EAP layer then it would be something like an EMSK
management layer or component.  Not the lower layer.=20


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>From previous discussion, I personally made the conclusion that the EAP
server/ AAA server/ backend server are collocated. And as a consumer of
EAP keying, I came to think that AAA layer at the backend is implemented
by AAA servers, while EAP method/EAP auth layers are implemented by EAP
server. I don't really have a reason to worry about what AAA layer is,
except trying to understand EAP keying documentations and figure out
where I get my keys (AMSK at this point) from and so far I have not
understood it. So if we say EMSK-AMSK generation at AAA layer would
require changes to AAA servers, I can accept that, but=20

Are we now saying that AAA layer does not correspond to functionality at
AAA servers and AAA clients??? I am lost! Who implements AAA layer?

Madjid=20

> >
> Clarified this point. In your answer you specify "only" lower layer.=20
> Did you forget to include AAA layer ? Or do you think AAA layer might=20
> receive EMSK?.
>=20

[Joe] this would depend on where you draw your AAA and EAP server
boundaries.  They are two separate entities and do not even need to be
collocated, but it is fairly common for the EAP server and AAA server to
be collocated or for the EAP server to be part of the AAA server.  How
the EAP server and AAA server divide up their responsibilities depends
upon local implementation so I would say that the AAA server may know
the EMSK as far as it may contain the EAP server. Now I am not sure what
the AAA layer is, but it may not be the same as a AAA server so I can't
really answer your question.  It would seem that the AAA layer would
include the AAA client and AAA server communication.  The EMSK does not
pass through this communication so under this definition it would not go
to the AAA layer. =20

> "what layer (EAP method layer, EAP peer/authenticator layer, EAP=20
> layer, lower layer/AAA layer) is intended to get EMSK to create new=20
> possible keys (AMSK)?"
>=20
> (From your previous answer, it is clear we can discard lower layer as=20
> a possible answer)
>=20
[Joe] I'm not convinced that I understand the layers or that the layer
model is the right thing to apply here,  but given the choices my answer
is the EAP method layer.=20

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=20

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Nakhjiri Madjid-MNAKHJI1 [mailto:Madjid.Nakhjiri@motorola.com]=20
> Sent: Wednesday, March 01, 2006 2:38 PM
> To: Rafa Marin Lopez; Bernard Aboba
> Cc: eap@frascone.com
> Subject: RE: [eap] Strawman -10
>=20
> Madjid>>Again, why is deletion of EMSK after generation of=20
> one AMSK is a
> requirements. What if we need to create multiple AMSKs and that at
> multiple occassions?
>=20
>=20
>=20
> Well, actually, lower layer authenticator implementation=20
> should expect=20
> (MSK,EMSK) in the case EAP method is executed by the standalone=20
> authenticator or (MSK,AMSK) in the case EAP method is executed by=20
> backend authentication server. If it receives (MSK,EMSK)=20
> should create=20
> AMSK and delete EMSK. If it receives (MSK,AMSK) , that's all, correct?

[Joe] Not really, strictly speaking the lower layer shouldn't expect to
receive the EMSK as that would break mode independence.  An
architectural description should not have the lower layer receiving the
keys. From a supplicant perspective it must appear the same whether an
external EAP-Server or a collocated EAP server is used.  Now I don't
know what is going on inside your box, it could all be monolithic when a
internal EAP server is used but that shouldn't be visible to the
external world.  If I was interested in cryptographic module separation
I might not be too happy if you shared the EMSK with the lower layer.=20

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>=20
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Subject: RE: [eap] Strawman -10
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From: "Salowey, Joe" <jsalowey@cisco.com>
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	"Bernard Aboba" <bernard_aboba@hotmail.com>
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=20

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Nakhjiri Madjid-MNAKHJI1 [mailto:Madjid.Nakhjiri@motorola.com]=20
> Sent: Wednesday, March 01, 2006 2:44 PM
> To: Salowey, Joe; Bernard Aboba
> Cc: eap@frascone.com
> Subject: RE: [eap] Strawman -10
>=20
>  > The difference is subtle, but potentially important for issues such
> as=20
> > crypto-agility.  Allowing the lower layer to obtain the=20
> EMSK enables=20
> > the lower layer to negotiate the PRFs used in AMSK=20
> generation, whereas
>=20
> > this is not possible if AMSK generation is handled in the=20
> EAP layer. =20
> > It also maintains backward compatibility so that a lower=20
> layer using=20
> > the AMSK can be introduced without requiring changes to=20
> existing EAP=20
> > implementations.
> >=20
> > As long as the EAP peer does not need to be aware of whether the=20
> > authenticator is configured in standalone or pass-through mode, I=20
> > think that the requirements of mode independence have been met.
>=20
> [Joe] This worries me.  It ties the key derivation to the lower layer,
> which could be problematic.  A goal of the EMSK to AMSK=20
> derivation is to
> contain the problem of a misbehaving lower layer to the lower layer
> itself.  A lower layer that determines the key derivation algorithm
> conflicts with this goal.  What happens if there are multiple AMSKs
> being derived for different purposes? Who decides the KDF?  =20
>=20
>=20
> I think I would prefer to see a default KDF specified with the
> capability of an EAP method to override it with a KDF of its own. =20
>=20
> Madjid>> Are you saying all EMSK-AMSK generations will have to follow
> the same KDF defined based on EAP method? And ruling out use of
> different KDFs for different AMSKs?
>=20
[Joe] Yes. A single coordinated KDF definition is a robust and
deterministic way to avoid one key derivation scheme compromising other
keys derived from another scheme.

>=20
> _________________________________________________________________
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Subject: RE: [eap] Strawman -10/EMSK deletion requirement?
Date: Thu, 2 Mar 2006 11:43:42 -0500
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From: "Nakhjiri Madjid-MNAKHJI1" <Madjid.Nakhjiri@motorola.com>
To: "Salowey, Joe" <jsalowey@cisco.com>,
	"Rafa Marin Lopez" <rafa@dif.um.es>,
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Hi Joe,

Thanks for the email. I think you responded to the old piece of the
email from Rafa and I am to blame for causing that confusion, as I kept
that part to provide context.
Again, my question was why an entity needs to delete EMSK after
generating the first AMSK (or first set of AMSKs?)? This seems to be the
requirement regardless of two options:

1) keep EMSK at EAP layer, create AMSK at EAP layer based request from
AAA layer, delete EMSK
Immediately (this means EAP layer must have KDFs for AMSK=3DKDF(EMSK, =
etc)
2) push EMSK down to AAA layer at backend server, create AMSK at AAA
layer and delete EMSK immediately (this means AAA layer must have KDFs)


In both cases we require deletion of EMSK after generation of AMSK, why?

Thanks,

Madjid

-----Original Message-----
From: Salowey, Joe [mailto:jsalowey@cisco.com]=20
Sent: Wednesday, March 01, 2006 5:17 PM
To: Nakhjiri Madjid-MNAKHJI1; Rafa Marin Lopez; Bernard Aboba
Cc: eap@frascone.com
Subject: RE: [eap] Strawman -10

=20

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Nakhjiri Madjid-MNAKHJI1 [mailto:Madjid.Nakhjiri@motorola.com]
> Sent: Wednesday, March 01, 2006 2:38 PM
> To: Rafa Marin Lopez; Bernard Aboba
> Cc: eap@frascone.com
> Subject: RE: [eap] Strawman -10
>=20
> Madjid>>Again, why is deletion of EMSK after generation of
> one AMSK is a
> requirements. What if we need to create multiple AMSKs and that at=20
> multiple occassions?
>=20
>=20
>=20
> Well, actually, lower layer authenticator implementation should expect
> (MSK,EMSK) in the case EAP method is executed by the standalone=20
> authenticator or (MSK,AMSK) in the case EAP method is executed by=20
> backend authentication server. If it receives (MSK,EMSK) should create

> AMSK and delete EMSK. If it receives (MSK,AMSK) , that's all, correct?

[Joe] Not really, strictly speaking the lower layer shouldn't expect to
receive the EMSK as that would break mode independence.  An
architectural description should not have the lower layer receiving the
keys. From a supplicant perspective it must appear the same whether an
external EAP-Server or a collocated EAP server is used.  Now I don't
know what is going on inside your box, it could all be monolithic when a
internal EAP server is used but that shouldn't be visible to the
external world.  If I was interested in cryptographic module separation
I might not be too happy if you shared the EMSK with the lower layer.=20

> _________________________________________________________________
> To unsubscribe or modify your subscription options, please visit:
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>=20
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Subject: RE: [eap] Strawman -10/EMSK deletion requirement?
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From: "Salowey, Joe" <jsalowey@cisco.com>
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=20

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Nakhjiri Madjid-MNAKHJI1 [mailto:Madjid.Nakhjiri@motorola.com]=20
> Sent: Thursday, March 02, 2006 8:44 AM
> To: Salowey, Joe; Rafa Marin Lopez; Bernard Aboba
> Cc: eap@frascone.com
> Subject: RE: [eap] Strawman -10/EMSK deletion requirement?
>=20
> Hi Joe,
>=20
> Thanks for the email. I think you responded to the old piece of the
> email from Rafa and I am to blame for causing that confusion,=20
> as I kept
> that part to provide context.
> Again, my question was why an entity needs to delete EMSK after
> generating the first AMSK (or first set of AMSKs?)? This=20
> seems to be the
> requirement regardless of two options:
>=20
> 1) keep EMSK at EAP layer, create AMSK at EAP layer based request from
> AAA layer, delete EMSK
> Immediately (this means EAP layer must have KDFs for=20
> AMSK=3DKDF(EMSK, etc)
> 2) push EMSK down to AAA layer at backend server, create AMSK at AAA
> layer and delete EMSK immediately (this means AAA layer must=20
> have KDFs)
>
[Joe] If the AAA layer contains the AAA client and AAA server then the
EMSK should not be available to this layer, if the AAA layer means
something else then I don't know about (1).  The AMSK should be
generated in the EAP and exported, option (2).
=20
>=20
> In both cases we require deletion of EMSK after generation of=20
> AMSK, why?
>=20
[Joe] To minimize the chance of exposure of the EMSK.  Why do you need
to cache it? Could you generate and cache an AMSK instead? =20


> Thanks,
>=20
> Madjid
>=20
> -----Original Message-----
> From: Salowey, Joe [mailto:jsalowey@cisco.com]=20
> Sent: Wednesday, March 01, 2006 5:17 PM
> To: Nakhjiri Madjid-MNAKHJI1; Rafa Marin Lopez; Bernard Aboba
> Cc: eap@frascone.com
> Subject: RE: [eap] Strawman -10
>=20
> =20
>=20
> > -----Original Message-----
> > From: Nakhjiri Madjid-MNAKHJI1 [mailto:Madjid.Nakhjiri@motorola.com]
> > Sent: Wednesday, March 01, 2006 2:38 PM
> > To: Rafa Marin Lopez; Bernard Aboba
> > Cc: eap@frascone.com
> > Subject: RE: [eap] Strawman -10
> >=20
> > Madjid>>Again, why is deletion of EMSK after generation of
> > one AMSK is a
> > requirements. What if we need to create multiple AMSKs and that at=20
> > multiple occassions?
> >=20
> >=20
> >=20
> > Well, actually, lower layer authenticator implementation=20
> should expect
> > (MSK,EMSK) in the case EAP method is executed by the standalone=20
> > authenticator or (MSK,AMSK) in the case EAP method is executed by=20
> > backend authentication server. If it receives (MSK,EMSK)=20
> should create
>=20
> > AMSK and delete EMSK. If it receives (MSK,AMSK) , that's=20
> all, correct?
>=20
> [Joe] Not really, strictly speaking the lower layer shouldn't=20
> expect to
> receive the EMSK as that would break mode independence.  An
> architectural description should not have the lower layer=20
> receiving the
> keys. From a supplicant perspective it must appear the same whether an
> external EAP-Server or a collocated EAP server is used.  Now I don't
> know what is going on inside your box, it could all be=20
> monolithic when a
> internal EAP server is used but that shouldn't be visible to the
> external world.  If I was interested in cryptographic module=20
> separation
> I might not be too happy if you shared the EMSK with the lower layer.=20
>=20
> > _________________________________________________________________
> > To unsubscribe or modify your subscription options, please visit:
> > http://lists.frascone.com/mailman/listinfo/eap
> >=20
> > Arhives: http://lists.frascone.com/pipermail/eap
> >=20
>=20
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Subject: RE: [eap] Strawman -10/EMSK deletion requirement?
Date: Thu, 2 Mar 2006 15:16:26 -0500
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From: "Avi Lior" <avi@bridgewatersystems.com>
To: "Salowey, Joe" <jsalowey@cisco.com>,
	"Nakhjiri Madjid-MNAKHJI1" <Madjid.Nakhjiri@motorola.com>,
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Hi Joe and Madjid,

The only reason for caching the EMSK is if you have to generate an AMSK
for another application associated with the current session.

So the question is do you have to generate all possible AMSKs and then
delete the EMSK or can you generate the AMSKs as needed?

Finally I have an slight issue with the statement that a KEY should be
deleted so that it wont be used for other purposes.  I find that
statements like that are an over specification.  What makes anyone think
that making a statement that "X should/must be deleted" is going to be
taken more seriously then "X should/must only be used for purpose X and
should/must not be transported out of Y"?

I think that whether it gets deleted or not is an implementation issue.

Finally if we insist on saying that X must be deleted we should really
say that X must be securely deleted.  There is a difference.  When a key
is securely deleted the software takes extra care that the memory
location containing the key is first erased before the memory location
is freed to the heap.  Perhaps we can state that somewhere.=20

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Salowey, Joe [mailto:jsalowey@cisco.com]=20
> Sent: Thursday, March 02, 2006 2:49 PM
> To: Nakhjiri Madjid-MNAKHJI1; Rafa Marin Lopez; Bernard Aboba
> Cc: eap@frascone.com
> Subject: RE: [eap] Strawman -10/EMSK deletion requirement?
>=20
> =20
>=20
> > -----Original Message-----
> > From: Nakhjiri Madjid-MNAKHJI1 [mailto:Madjid.Nakhjiri@motorola.com]
> > Sent: Thursday, March 02, 2006 8:44 AM
> > To: Salowey, Joe; Rafa Marin Lopez; Bernard Aboba
> > Cc: eap@frascone.com
> > Subject: RE: [eap] Strawman -10/EMSK deletion requirement?
> >=20
> > Hi Joe,
> >=20
> > Thanks for the email. I think you responded to the old piece of the=20
> > email from Rafa and I am to blame for causing that confusion, as I=20
> > kept that part to provide context.
> > Again, my question was why an entity needs to delete EMSK after=20
> > generating the first AMSK (or first set of AMSKs?)? This=20
> seems to be=20
> > the requirement regardless of two options:
> >=20
> > 1) keep EMSK at EAP layer, create AMSK at EAP layer based=20
> request from=20
> > AAA layer, delete EMSK Immediately (this means EAP layer must have=20
> > KDFs for AMSK=3DKDF(EMSK, etc)
> > 2) push EMSK down to AAA layer at backend server, create=20
> AMSK at AAA=20
> > layer and delete EMSK immediately (this means AAA layer must have=20
> > KDFs)
> >
> [Joe] If the AAA layer contains the AAA client and AAA server=20
> then the EMSK should not be available to this layer, if the=20
> AAA layer means something else then I don't know about (1). =20
> The AMSK should be generated in the EAP and exported, option (2).
> =20
> >=20
> > In both cases we require deletion of EMSK after generation of AMSK,=20
> > why?
> >=20
> [Joe] To minimize the chance of exposure of the EMSK.  Why do=20
> you need to cache it? Could you generate and cache an AMSK instead? =20
>=20
>=20
> > Thanks,
> >=20
> > Madjid
> >=20
> > -----Original Message-----
> > From: Salowey, Joe [mailto:jsalowey@cisco.com]
> > Sent: Wednesday, March 01, 2006 5:17 PM
> > To: Nakhjiri Madjid-MNAKHJI1; Rafa Marin Lopez; Bernard Aboba
> > Cc: eap@frascone.com
> > Subject: RE: [eap] Strawman -10
> >=20
> > =20
> >=20
> > > -----Original Message-----
> > > From: Nakhjiri Madjid-MNAKHJI1=20
> [mailto:Madjid.Nakhjiri@motorola.com]
> > > Sent: Wednesday, March 01, 2006 2:38 PM
> > > To: Rafa Marin Lopez; Bernard Aboba
> > > Cc: eap@frascone.com
> > > Subject: RE: [eap] Strawman -10
> > >=20
> > > Madjid>>Again, why is deletion of EMSK after generation of
> > > one AMSK is a
> > > requirements. What if we need to create multiple AMSKs=20
> and that at=20
> > > multiple occassions?
> > >=20
> > >=20
> > >=20
> > > Well, actually, lower layer authenticator implementation
> > should expect
> > > (MSK,EMSK) in the case EAP method is executed by the standalone=20
> > > authenticator or (MSK,AMSK) in the case EAP method is executed by=20
> > > backend authentication server. If it receives (MSK,EMSK)
> > should create
> >=20
> > > AMSK and delete EMSK. If it receives (MSK,AMSK) , that's
> > all, correct?
> >=20
> > [Joe] Not really, strictly speaking the lower layer=20
> shouldn't expect=20
> > to receive the EMSK as that would break mode independence.  An=20
> > architectural description should not have the lower layer receiving=20
> > the keys. From a supplicant perspective it must appear the same=20
> > whether an external EAP-Server or a collocated EAP server is used. =20
> > Now I don't know what is going on inside your box, it could all be=20
> > monolithic when a internal EAP server is used but that shouldn't be=20
> > visible to the external world.  If I was interested in=20
> cryptographic=20
> > module separation I might not be too happy if you shared=20
> the EMSK with=20
> > the lower layer.
> >=20
> > > _________________________________________________________________
> > > To unsubscribe or modify your subscription options, please visit:
> > > http://lists.frascone.com/mailman/listinfo/eap
> > >=20
> > > Arhives: http://lists.frascone.com/pipermail/eap
> > >=20
> >=20
> _________________________________________________________________
> To unsubscribe or modify your subscription options, please visit:
> http://lists.frascone.com/mailman/listinfo/eap
>=20
> Arhives: http://lists.frascone.com/pipermail/eap
>=20
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Date: Fri, 03 Mar 2006 16:43:56 -0500
From: Rafa Marin Lopez <rafa@dif.um.es>
Organization: University of Murcia
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To: "Salowey, Joe" <jsalowey@cisco.com>
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Hi Joe...

I would like to do some comments to your e-mail. Please see inline...

>
>[Joe] this would depend on where you draw your AAA and EAP server
>boundaries.  They are two separate entities and do not even need to be
>collocated, but it is fairly common for the EAP server and AAA server to
>be collocated or for the EAP server to be part of the AAA server.  How
>the EAP server and AAA server divide up their responsibilities depends
>upon local implementation so I would say that the AAA server may know
>the EMSK as far as it may contain the EAP server. Now I am not sure what
>the AAA layer is, but it may not be the same as a AAA server so I can't
>really answer your question.  It would seem that the AAA layer would
>include the AAA client and AAA server communication.
>
My understanding is that figure 3 is referring to AAA server. 

But in any case, i re-formulate the question: if EAP server and AAA 
server are co-located ... could EMSK be exported to AAA server? (From your
answer

"the AAA server may know
the EMSK as far as it may contain the EAP server"

I would say yes .

<snip>

>[Joe] I'm not convinced that I understand the layers or that the layer
>model is the right thing to apply here,  
>
Ok, I see.   In EAP key mng fwk is described this layering .  
Additionally , let me give some notes about EAP state machine (though it 
is informational).

For example (RFC 4137):

6.1.2.  Variables (Backend Authenticator to AAA Interface)

.....

aaaEapKeyData (EAP key)

      Set in authenticator state machine when keying material becomes
      available.  Set during the METHOD_RESPONSE state.  Note that this
      document does not define the structure of the type "EAP key".  We
      expect that it will be defined in [Keying].

If we check the EAP state machine that method (aaaEapKeyData (EAP key) ) is provided by EAP backend authenticator state machine (Figure 5 in rfc 4137). That state machine recovers the "EAP key"
from the EAP method through m.getKey()

m.getKey()

      Method procedure to obtain key material for use by EAP or lower
      layers.  Returns an EAP key.

Thus, the layer model remains....


Having said this, and after your comment

My question is : is it expected another interface (different than "aaaEapKeyData (EAP key)") to provide keys to AAA server? or could AAA server use for example something like m.getKey()
to obtain a particular key from EAP method?.

>but given the choices my answer
>is the EAP method layer. 
>  
>
In that case, why would EAP method need to export EMSK?.

Thanks.

-- 
------------------------------------------------------
Rafael Marin Lopez
Faculty of Computer Science-University of Murcia
30071 Murcia - Spain
Telf: +34968367645    e-mail: rafa@dif.um.es
------------------------------------------------------

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Subject: RE: [eap] Strawman -10/EMSK deletion requirement?
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=20
>=20
> Thanks for the email. I think you responded to the old piece of the=20
> email from Rafa and I am to blame for causing that confusion, as I=20
> kept that part to provide context.
> Again, my question was why an entity needs to delete EMSK after=20
> generating the first AMSK (or first set of AMSKs?)? This seems to be=20
> the requirement regardless of two options:
>=20
> 1) keep EMSK at EAP layer, create AMSK at EAP layer based request from

> AAA layer, delete EMSK Immediately (this means EAP layer must have=20
> KDFs for AMSK=3DKDF(EMSK, etc)
> 2) push EMSK down to AAA layer at backend server, create AMSK at AAA=20
> layer and delete EMSK immediately (this means AAA layer must have=20
> KDFs)
>
[Joe] If the AAA layer contains the AAA client and AAA server then the
EMSK should not be available to this layer, if the AAA layer means
something else then I don't know about (1).  The AMSK should be
generated in the EAP and exported, option (2).
=20

Madjid>>I guess the number of people who are not sure about definition
of AAA layer is more than one :)
Joking aside, what is your reason what not making EMSK available to
lower layer, while doing so for MSK is ok? What is the fundamental
difference.
>=20
> In both cases we require deletion of EMSK after generation of AMSK,=20
> why?
>=20
[Joe] To minimize the chance of exposure of the EMSK.  Why do you need
to cache it? Could you generate and cache an AMSK instead? =20

Madjid>>because a priori I cannot know how many AMSKs I may need later.
An application may pop up later that needs keying or I move to a
different domain that may require a new AMSK, but I cannot anticipate
the move ahead of time...


> Thanks,
>=20
> Madjid
>=20
> -----Original Message-----
> From: Salowey, Joe [mailto:jsalowey@cisco.com]
> Sent: Wednesday, March 01, 2006 5:17 PM
> To: Nakhjiri Madjid-MNAKHJI1; Rafa Marin Lopez; Bernard Aboba
> Cc: eap@frascone.com
> Subject: RE: [eap] Strawman -10
>=20
> =20
>=20
> > -----Original Message-----
> > From: Nakhjiri Madjid-MNAKHJI1 [mailto:Madjid.Nakhjiri@motorola.com]
> > Sent: Wednesday, March 01, 2006 2:38 PM
> > To: Rafa Marin Lopez; Bernard Aboba
> > Cc: eap@frascone.com
> > Subject: RE: [eap] Strawman -10
> >=20
> > Madjid>>Again, why is deletion of EMSK after generation of
> > one AMSK is a
> > requirements. What if we need to create multiple AMSKs and that at=20
> > multiple occassions?
> >=20
> >=20
> >=20
> > Well, actually, lower layer authenticator implementation
> should expect
> > (MSK,EMSK) in the case EAP method is executed by the standalone=20
> > authenticator or (MSK,AMSK) in the case EAP method is executed by=20
> > backend authentication server. If it receives (MSK,EMSK)
> should create
>=20
> > AMSK and delete EMSK. If it receives (MSK,AMSK) , that's
> all, correct?
>=20
> [Joe] Not really, strictly speaking the lower layer shouldn't expect=20
> to receive the EMSK as that would break mode independence.  An=20
> architectural description should not have the lower layer receiving=20
> the keys. From a supplicant perspective it must appear the same=20
> whether an external EAP-Server or a collocated EAP server is used. =20
> Now I don't know what is going on inside your box, it could all be=20
> monolithic when a internal EAP server is used but that shouldn't be=20
> visible to the external world.  If I was interested in cryptographic=20
> module separation I might not be too happy if you shared the EMSK with

> the lower layer.
>=20
> > _________________________________________________________________
> > To unsubscribe or modify your subscription options, please visit:
> > http://lists.frascone.com/mailman/listinfo/eap
> >=20
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Hi Avi,=20

-----Original Message-----
From: Avi Lior [mailto:avi@bridgewatersystems.com]=20
Sent: Thursday, March 02, 2006 2:16 PM
To: Salowey, Joe; Nakhjiri Madjid-MNAKHJI1; Rafa Marin Lopez; Bernard
Aboba
Cc: eap@frascone.com
Subject: RE: [eap] Strawman -10/EMSK deletion requirement?

Hi Joe and Madjid,

The only reason for caching the EMSK is if you have to generate an AMSK
for another application associated with the current session.

Madjid>> Thank you for clarification. Another example may be roaming to
another access technology!!

So the question is do you have to generate all possible AMSKs and then
delete the EMSK or can you generate the AMSKs as needed?

Madjid>>i.e. keep EMSK for future AMSK generation. The first option will
create the need for running EAP again.

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Salowey, Joe [mailto:jsalowey@cisco.com]
> Sent: Thursday, March 02, 2006 2:49 PM
> To: Nakhjiri Madjid-MNAKHJI1; Rafa Marin Lopez; Bernard Aboba
> Cc: eap@frascone.com
> Subject: RE: [eap] Strawman -10/EMSK deletion requirement?
>=20
> =20
>=20
> > -----Original Message-----
> > From: Nakhjiri Madjid-MNAKHJI1 [mailto:Madjid.Nakhjiri@motorola.com]
> > Sent: Thursday, March 02, 2006 8:44 AM
> > To: Salowey, Joe; Rafa Marin Lopez; Bernard Aboba
> > Cc: eap@frascone.com
> > Subject: RE: [eap] Strawman -10/EMSK deletion requirement?
> >=20
> > Hi Joe,
> >=20
> > Thanks for the email. I think you responded to the old piece of the=20
> > email from Rafa and I am to blame for causing that confusion, as I=20
> > kept that part to provide context.
> > Again, my question was why an entity needs to delete EMSK after=20
> > generating the first AMSK (or first set of AMSKs?)? This
> seems to be
> > the requirement regardless of two options:
> >=20
> > 1) keep EMSK at EAP layer, create AMSK at EAP layer based
> request from
> > AAA layer, delete EMSK Immediately (this means EAP layer must have=20
> > KDFs for AMSK=3DKDF(EMSK, etc)
> > 2) push EMSK down to AAA layer at backend server, create
> AMSK at AAA
> > layer and delete EMSK immediately (this means AAA layer must have
> > KDFs)
> >
> [Joe] If the AAA layer contains the AAA client and AAA server then the

> EMSK should not be available to this layer, if the AAA layer means=20
> something else then I don't know about (1).
> The AMSK should be generated in the EAP and exported, option (2).
> =20
> >=20
> > In both cases we require deletion of EMSK after generation of AMSK,=20
> > why?
> >=20
> [Joe] To minimize the chance of exposure of the EMSK.  Why do you need

> to cache it? Could you generate and cache an AMSK instead?
>=20
>=20
> > Thanks,
> >=20
> > Madjid
> >=20
> > -----Original Message-----
> > From: Salowey, Joe [mailto:jsalowey@cisco.com]
> > Sent: Wednesday, March 01, 2006 5:17 PM
> > To: Nakhjiri Madjid-MNAKHJI1; Rafa Marin Lopez; Bernard Aboba
> > Cc: eap@frascone.com
> > Subject: RE: [eap] Strawman -10
> >=20
> > =20
> >=20
> > > -----Original Message-----
> > > From: Nakhjiri Madjid-MNAKHJI1
> [mailto:Madjid.Nakhjiri@motorola.com]
> > > Sent: Wednesday, March 01, 2006 2:38 PM
> > > To: Rafa Marin Lopez; Bernard Aboba
> > > Cc: eap@frascone.com
> > > Subject: RE: [eap] Strawman -10
> > >=20
> > > Madjid>>Again, why is deletion of EMSK after generation of
> > > one AMSK is a
> > > requirements. What if we need to create multiple AMSKs
> and that at
> > > multiple occassions?
> > >=20
> > >=20
> > >=20
> > > Well, actually, lower layer authenticator implementation
> > should expect
> > > (MSK,EMSK) in the case EAP method is executed by the standalone=20
> > > authenticator or (MSK,AMSK) in the case EAP method is executed by=20
> > > backend authentication server. If it receives (MSK,EMSK)
> > should create
> >=20
> > > AMSK and delete EMSK. If it receives (MSK,AMSK) , that's
> > all, correct?
> >=20
> > [Joe] Not really, strictly speaking the lower layer
> shouldn't expect
> > to receive the EMSK as that would break mode independence.  An=20
> > architectural description should not have the lower layer receiving=20
> > the keys. From a supplicant perspective it must appear the same=20
> > whether an external EAP-Server or a collocated EAP server is used.
> > Now I don't know what is going on inside your box, it could all be=20
> > monolithic when a internal EAP server is used but that shouldn't be=20
> > visible to the external world.  If I was interested in
> cryptographic
> > module separation I might not be too happy if you shared
> the EMSK with
> > the lower layer.
> >=20
> > > _________________________________________________________________
> > > To unsubscribe or modify your subscription options, please visit:
> > > http://lists.frascone.com/mailman/listinfo/eap
> > >=20
> > > Arhives: http://lists.frascone.com/pipermail/eap
> > >=20
> >=20
> _________________________________________________________________
> To unsubscribe or modify your subscription options, please visit:
> http://lists.frascone.com/mailman/listinfo/eap
>=20
> Arhives: http://lists.frascone.com/pipermail/eap
>=20
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From eap-bounces+eap-archive=lists.ietf.org@frascone.com Sun Mar 05 10:06:26 2006
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Subject: RE: [eap] Strawman -10/EMSK deletion requirement?
Date: Sun, 5 Mar 2006 10:08:31 -0500
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Thread-Topic: [eap] Strawman -10/EMSK deletion requirement?
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From: "Avi Lior" <avi@bridgewatersystems.com>
To: "Nakhjiri Madjid-MNAKHJI1" <Madjid.Nakhjiri@motorola.com>,
	"Salowey, Joe" <jsalowey@cisco.com>,
	"Rafa Marin Lopez" <rafa@dif.um.es>,
	"Bernard Aboba" <bernard_aboba@hotmail.com>
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Hi Madjid=20

Seems that there a lot of good reasons for keeping EMSK around after it
is used to generate AMSKs.  Hopefully everyone gets that.


> -----Original Message-----
> From: Nakhjiri Madjid-MNAKHJI1 [mailto:Madjid.Nakhjiri@motorola.com]=20
> Sent: Friday, March 03, 2006 6:21 PM
> To: Avi Lior; Salowey, Joe; Rafa Marin Lopez; Bernard Aboba
> Cc: eap@frascone.com
> Subject: RE: [eap] Strawman -10/EMSK deletion requirement?
>=20
> Hi Avi,=20
>=20
> -----Original Message-----
> From: Avi Lior [mailto:avi@bridgewatersystems.com]
> Sent: Thursday, March 02, 2006 2:16 PM
> To: Salowey, Joe; Nakhjiri Madjid-MNAKHJI1; Rafa Marin Lopez;=20
> Bernard Aboba
> Cc: eap@frascone.com
> Subject: RE: [eap] Strawman -10/EMSK deletion requirement?
>=20
> Hi Joe and Madjid,
>=20
> The only reason for caching the EMSK is if you have to=20
> generate an AMSK for another application associated with the=20
> current session.
>=20
> Madjid>> Thank you for clarification. Another example may be=20
> roaming to
> another access technology!!
>=20
> So the question is do you have to generate all possible AMSKs=20
> and then delete the EMSK or can you generate the AMSKs as needed?
>=20
> Madjid>>i.e. keep EMSK for future AMSK generation. The first=20
> option will
> create the need for running EAP again.
>=20
> > -----Original Message-----
> > From: Salowey, Joe [mailto:jsalowey@cisco.com]
> > Sent: Thursday, March 02, 2006 2:49 PM
> > To: Nakhjiri Madjid-MNAKHJI1; Rafa Marin Lopez; Bernard Aboba
> > Cc: eap@frascone.com
> > Subject: RE: [eap] Strawman -10/EMSK deletion requirement?
> >=20
> > =20
> >=20
> > > -----Original Message-----
> > > From: Nakhjiri Madjid-MNAKHJI1=20
> [mailto:Madjid.Nakhjiri@motorola.com]
> > > Sent: Thursday, March 02, 2006 8:44 AM
> > > To: Salowey, Joe; Rafa Marin Lopez; Bernard Aboba
> > > Cc: eap@frascone.com
> > > Subject: RE: [eap] Strawman -10/EMSK deletion requirement?
> > >=20
> > > Hi Joe,
> > >=20
> > > Thanks for the email. I think you responded to the old=20
> piece of the=20
> > > email from Rafa and I am to blame for causing that=20
> confusion, as I=20
> > > kept that part to provide context.
> > > Again, my question was why an entity needs to delete EMSK after=20
> > > generating the first AMSK (or first set of AMSKs?)? This
> > seems to be
> > > the requirement regardless of two options:
> > >=20
> > > 1) keep EMSK at EAP layer, create AMSK at EAP layer based
> > request from
> > > AAA layer, delete EMSK Immediately (this means EAP layer=20
> must have=20
> > > KDFs for AMSK=3DKDF(EMSK, etc)
> > > 2) push EMSK down to AAA layer at backend server, create
> > AMSK at AAA
> > > layer and delete EMSK immediately (this means AAA layer must have
> > > KDFs)
> > >
> > [Joe] If the AAA layer contains the AAA client and AAA=20
> server then the
>=20
> > EMSK should not be available to this layer, if the AAA layer means=20
> > something else then I don't know about (1).
> > The AMSK should be generated in the EAP and exported, option (2).
> > =20
> > >=20
> > > In both cases we require deletion of EMSK after=20
> generation of AMSK,=20
> > > why?
> > >=20
> > [Joe] To minimize the chance of exposure of the EMSK.  Why=20
> do you need
>=20
> > to cache it? Could you generate and cache an AMSK instead?
> >=20
> >=20
> > > Thanks,
> > >=20
> > > Madjid
> > >=20
> > > -----Original Message-----
> > > From: Salowey, Joe [mailto:jsalowey@cisco.com]
> > > Sent: Wednesday, March 01, 2006 5:17 PM
> > > To: Nakhjiri Madjid-MNAKHJI1; Rafa Marin Lopez; Bernard Aboba
> > > Cc: eap@frascone.com
> > > Subject: RE: [eap] Strawman -10
> > >=20
> > > =20
> > >=20
> > > > -----Original Message-----
> > > > From: Nakhjiri Madjid-MNAKHJI1
> > [mailto:Madjid.Nakhjiri@motorola.com]
> > > > Sent: Wednesday, March 01, 2006 2:38 PM
> > > > To: Rafa Marin Lopez; Bernard Aboba
> > > > Cc: eap@frascone.com
> > > > Subject: RE: [eap] Strawman -10
> > > >=20
> > > > Madjid>>Again, why is deletion of EMSK after generation of
> > > > one AMSK is a
> > > > requirements. What if we need to create multiple AMSKs
> > and that at
> > > > multiple occassions?
> > > >=20
> > > >=20
> > > >=20
> > > > Well, actually, lower layer authenticator implementation
> > > should expect
> > > > (MSK,EMSK) in the case EAP method is executed by the standalone=20
> > > > authenticator or (MSK,AMSK) in the case EAP method is=20
> executed by=20
> > > > backend authentication server. If it receives (MSK,EMSK)
> > > should create
> > >=20
> > > > AMSK and delete EMSK. If it receives (MSK,AMSK) , that's
> > > all, correct?
> > >=20
> > > [Joe] Not really, strictly speaking the lower layer
> > shouldn't expect
> > > to receive the EMSK as that would break mode independence.  An=20
> > > architectural description should not have the lower layer=20
> receiving=20
> > > the keys. From a supplicant perspective it must appear the same=20
> > > whether an external EAP-Server or a collocated EAP server is used.
> > > Now I don't know what is going on inside your box, it=20
> could all be=20
> > > monolithic when a internal EAP server is used but that=20
> shouldn't be=20
> > > visible to the external world.  If I was interested in
> > cryptographic
> > > module separation I might not be too happy if you shared
> > the EMSK with
> > > the lower layer.
> > >=20
> > > >=20
> _________________________________________________________________
> > > > To unsubscribe or modify your subscription options,=20
> please visit:
> > > > http://lists.frascone.com/mailman/listinfo/eap
> > > >=20
> > > > Arhives: http://lists.frascone.com/pipermail/eap
> > > >=20
> > >=20
> > _________________________________________________________________
> > To unsubscribe or modify your subscription options, please visit:
> > http://lists.frascone.com/mailman/listinfo/eap
> >=20
> > Arhives: http://lists.frascone.com/pipermail/eap
> >=20
>=20
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http://lists.frascone.com/mailman/listinfo/eap

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From eap-bounces+eap-archive=lists.ietf.org@frascone.com Sun Mar 05 14:30:41 2006
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From: Jari Arkko <jari.arkko@piuha.net>
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To: Nakhjiri Madjid-MNAKHJI1 <Madjid.Nakhjiri@motorola.com>
Subject: Re: [eap] Strawman -10/EMSK deletion requirement?
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Madjid, Avi,

>The only reason for caching the EMSK is if you have to generate an AMSK
>for another application associated with the current session.
>
>Madjid>> Thank you for clarification. Another example may be roaming to
>another access technology!!
>
>So the question is do you have to generate all possible AMSKs and then
>delete the EMSK or can you generate the AMSKs as needed?
>
>Madjid>>i.e. keep EMSK for future AMSK generation. The first option will
>create the need for running EAP again.
>
>  
>
We have discussed this before... I do not see an issue for handoffs
to another access. If your AAA server supports this then it derives
AMSK_ho_root from EMSK, deletes EMSK but keeps the derived
key. Once a need to do a handoff arrives, you derive AMSK_ho_key1
from AMSK_ho_root, next time you will derive AMSK_ho_key2, etc.

Having said that, I do agree with Avi that there's really no substantial
difference between "<x> MUST be deleted after <y>" and "<x> MUST
be only used for <y>", except maybe some implementation note describing
that it would be a good idea to securely delete the value once you
know that <y> is done.

But part of this debate is really not about whether the key should
be deleted, but rather about whether we know the applications
a priori. I think there are practical and security reasons why it
is a good idea to set a requirement that the applications are known
a priori. First of all, there are no surprises to the AAA server; it
needs have specific authorization to serve a particular
application. (Possibly even specific code.) Secondly, as we
are currently in a world where the AAA servers cache no
keys at all, we need to avoid a situation where AAA servers
end up storing a lot of key state and have no way of knowing
when it is needed. Finally, security-wise I want to know what
my EAP authentication somewhere means. I, as the end user,
do not want surprises. It is better to limit the set of applications
of the keys at the beginning. Note that if you want, you can
set up state for handoff/SIP/MIP even if you do not know they
will actually be used; you set the state and keys based on
the user's authorization profile.

Based on the above, I still like the design where we know
the possible applications (and AMSKs) at the first authentication.
But we could write the text slightly differently, based on what
you Avi suggested.

--Jari

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Bernard Aboba wrote:

>> The problem with the lower layer usage of EMSK is that
>> we know that its quite likely there will be some link layer
>> which gets the key generation wrong. At that point, the
>> EMSK is compromised for other link layers, too.
>
>
> What other link layers?  The document talks about "the lower layer" 
> throughout, not multiple lower layers.

True. But what we are doing in the key management framework
does also have an effect on future use of EAP. I am convinced
that we will see cross-access technology handover optimizations.
If we do not keep parts of the key hierarchy "safe" for such
extensions, we'll be in trouble later.

Anyway, -10 keeps EMSK safe, so I have no problem with the
current document.

(But there are different variations of "safe" -- your approach
and what Joe has been advocating. More on that in subsequent
e-mails.)

--Jari

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The channel binding discussion has been interesting. I can
actually see a number of different alternatives even
within Yoshihiro's method. For instance, L2 could negotiate
the use of channel bindings and have AAA inform the server
of the need to use MSK_cb instead of the regular MSK. Or
EAP method could negotiate this. Or the use of channel
bindings would be dictated by the used lower layer,

I'm not sure which approach is the best one; there
are tradeoffs. Generally I like approaches where
we don't need to change EAP methods but YMMV.

In any case, I'm happy with what the -10 says about
channel bindings, and perhaps the results of this
discussion can be incorporated to Yoshihiro's draft.

--Jari

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Rafa Marin Lopez wrote:

>>
>> [Joe] The EMSK MUST NOT be exported to the lower layer.   
>>
> Clarified this point. In your answer you specify "only" lower layer. 
> Did you forget to include AAA layer ? Or do you think AAA layer might 
> receive EMSK?.

Ignoring the definition problems with layers for a while.
I think we know the external behaviour we want. We
want

- Avoid L2 design, implementation, or node compromise problems
  causing the compromise of other L2 networks. Or compromise
  of one application of EAP keys leading to the compromise of
  others.

- Allow crypto-agility for the function used in the key
  derivation.

- Allow different keys to be used for different attachments,
  without keys 2, 3, ... to be based on key 1, which is what
  we would have to do with MSK

- Make it possible to use existing EAP methods.

One way of approaching this is to have the EAP server/AAA server
keep the EMSK, and provide AMSKs for various purposes. Another
is giving the EMSK to the lower layer, but dictating something about
its use.

--Jari

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Subject: [eap] Proposed Resolution to Issue 326: Identifiers
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The text of Issue 326 is enclosed below.  The proposed resolution is as 
follows:

In Section 1, change:

"The combination of the Peer-ID and Server-ID uniquely specifies the
endpoints of the EAP method exchange."

To:

"The combination of the Peer-ID and Server-ID may uniquely specify the
endpoints of the EAP method exchange when they are provided."

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Issue 326: Identifiers
Submitter name: Joe Salowey
Submitter email address: jsalowey@cisco.com
Date Submitted: December 1, 2005
Reference:
Document: Keying-08
Comment type: T
Priority: 1
Section: 1
Rationale/Explanation of issue:

"  EAP methods also MAY export method-specific peer and server
   identifiers (peer-ID and server-ID), a method-specific EAP
   conversation identifier known as the Method-ID, and the lifetime of
   the exported keys, known the Key-Lifetime.   EAP methods MAY also
   support the import and export of Channel Bindings.  New EAP method
   specifications MUST define the Peer-ID, Server-ID and Method-ID. The
   combination of the Peer-ID and Server-ID uniquely specifies the
   endpoints of the EAP method exchange."

It seems that additional data associated with the identity should be
exported to satisfy section 1.3.  Suggestion is to add this and call
them identity attributes.

In this paragraph it states that the "Peer-ID and Server-ID uniquely
specifies the  endpoints of the EAP method exchange", however further down 
it states
that these quantities may be null.  This is contradictory.  Suggested
modification to above text:

"The combination of the Peer-ID and Server-ID may uniquely specify the
endpoints of the EAP method exchange if the method supports unique IDs."


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Subject: [eap] Proposed Resolution to Issue 322: Authenticator Architecture
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The text of Issue 322 is enclosed below.   The proposed resolution is to 
replace Section 2.4 with the following:

2.4.  Authenticator Architecture

   This specification does not impose constraints on the architecture of
   the EAP authenticator or peer.  Any of the authenticator
   architectures described in [RFC4118] can be used.  For example, it is
   possible for multiple base stations and a "controller" (e.g. WLAN
   switch) to comprise a single EAP authenticator.  In such a situation,
   the "base station identity" is irrelevant to the EAP method
   conversation, except perhaps as an opaque blob to be used in Channel
   Bindings.  Many base stations can share the same authenticator
   identity.  As a result, lower layers need to identify EAP peers and
   authenticators unambiguously, without incorporating implicit
   assumptions about peer and authenticator architectures.

   It should be understood that an EAP authenticator or peer:

   [a] may contain one or more physical or logical ports;
   [b] may advertise itself as one or more "virtual"
       authenticators or peers;
   [c] may utilize multiple CPUs;
   [d] may support clustering services for load balancing or failover.


   Both the EAP peer and authenticator may have more than one physical
   or logical port.  A peer may simultaneously access the network via
   multiple authenticators, or via multiple physical or logical ports on
   a given authenticator.  Similarly, an authenticator may offer network
   access to multiple peers, each via a separate physical or logical
   port.  When a single physical authenticator advertises itself as
   multiple "virtual authenticators",  it is possible for a single
   physical port to belong to multiple "virtual authenticators".  The
   situation is illustrated in Figure 5.


                               +-+-+-+-+
                               | EAP   |
                               | Peer  |
                               +-+-+-+-+
                                 | | |  Peer Ports
                                /  |  \
                               /   |   \
                              /    |    \
                             /     |     \
                            /      |      \
                           /       |       \
                          /        |        \
                         /         |         \
                      | | |      | | |      | | | Authenticator Ports
                    +-+-+-+-+  +-+-+-+-+  +-+-+-+-+
                    |       |  |       |  |       |
                    | Auth. |  | Auth. |  | Auth. |
                    |       |  |       |  |       |
                    +-+-+-+-+  +-+-+-+-+  +-+-+-+-+
                         \         |         /
                          \        |        /
                           \       |       /
             EAP over AAA   \      |      /
               (optional)    \     |     /
                              \    |    /
                               \   |   /
                                \  |  /
                               +-+-+-+-+
                               |  EAP  |
                               |Server |
                               +-+-+-+-+

   Figure 5:  Relationship between EAP peer, authenticator and server


2.4.1.  Authenticator Identification

   The EAP method conversation is between the EAP peer and server, as
   identified by the Peer-ID and Server-ID.  The authenticator identity,
   if considered at all by the EAP method, is treated as an opaque blob
   for the purposes of Channel bindings.  However, the Secure
   Association Protocol conversation is between the peer and the
   authenticator, and therefore the authenticator and peer identities
   are relevant to that exchange, and define the scope of use of the EAP
   keying material passed down to the lower layer.

   Since an authenticator may have multiple ports, the authenticator
   identifiers used within the Secure Association Protocol exchange
   SHOULD be distinct from any port identifier (e.g. MAC address).
   Similarly, where a peer may have multiple ports, and sharing of EAP
   keying material and parameters between peer ports of the same link
   type is allowed, the peer identifier used within the Secure
   Association Protocol exchange SHOULD also be distinct from any port
   identifier.

   Where the peer and authenticator identify themselves within the lower
   layer using a port identifier such as a link layer address, this
   creates a number of problems:

[1]  It may not be obvious to the peer which authenticator ports are
     associated with which authenticators.

[2]  It may not be obvious to the authenticator which peer ports are
     associated with which peers.

[3]  It may not be obvious to the peer which "virtual authenticator" it
     is communicating with.

[4]  It may not be obvious to the authenticator which "virtual peer" it
     is communicating with.

     AAA protocols such as RADIUS [RFC3579] and Diameter [RFC4072]
     provide a mechanism for the identification of AAA clients; since
     the EAP authenticator and AAA client are always co-resident, this
     mechanism is applicable to the identification of EAP
     authenticators.

     RADIUS [RFC2865] requires that an Access-Request packet contain one
     or more of the NAS-Identifier, NAS-IP-Address and NAS-IPv6-Address
     attributes.  Since a NAS may have more than one IP address, the
     NAS-Identifier attribute is RECOMMENDED for the unambiguous
     identification of the EAP authenticator.

     From the point of view of the AAA server, EAP keying material and
     parameters are transported to the EAP authenticator identified by
     the NAS-Identifier attribute.  Since an EAP authenticator MUST NOT
     share EAP keying material or parameters with another party, if the
     EAP peer or AAA server detects use of EAP keying material and
     parameters outside the scope defined by the NAS-Identifier, the
     keying material MUST be considered compromised.


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Issue 322: Authenticator Architecture
Submitter name: Joe Salowey
Submitter email address: jsalowey@cisco.com
Date Submitted: December 1, 2005
Reference:
Document: Keying-08
Comment type: T
Priority: 1
Section: 2.4
Rationale/Explanation of issue:

There is a lot of discussion about authenticator architecture which
probably should be pulled into a separate section on authenticator
architecture.
 
Requested change:

Move the description of authenticator architecture to its own section


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Subject: [eap] Proposed Resolution to Issue 338:  Key Scope
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The text of Issue 338 is enclosed below.  This issue was split off from 
Issue 322 to allow the revised Authenticator Architecture and Key Scope 
sections to be discussed separately.

The proposed resolution is to reorganize the key scope material into Section 
2.5.  How does this look?

"2.5. Key Scope

Where the EAP peer and authenticator cannot unambiguously identify
each other they may not be able to determine the scope of transported
EAP keying material. This is particularly problematic for lower
layers where key caching is supported.

For example, if the EAP peer cannot identify the EAP authenticator,
it will be unable to determine whether transported EAP keying
material has been shared outside of its authorized scope, and
therefore needs to be considered compromised. There is also a
practical problem because the EAP peer will be unable to utilize the
EAP authenticator key cache in an efficient way.

To avoid these problems, it is recomended that lower layers:

[1] Specify the lower layer parameters used to identify the
authenticator and peer;

[2] Communicate the lower layer identities between the peer and
authenticator within phase 0;

[3] Communicate the lower layer authenticator identity between the
authenticator and backend server within the NAS-Identifier
attribute;

[4] Include the lower layer identities within channel bindings (if
supported) in phase 1a, ensuring that they are communicated between
the EAP peer and server;

[5] Securely verify the lower layer identities within phase 2a;

[6] Utilize the advertised lower layer identities to enable the peer
and authenticator to verify that keys are maintained within the
advertised scope;

Absent explicit specification within the lower layer, after the
completion of phase 1b, EAP keying material and parameters are
bound to the EAP peer and authenticator, but are not bound to a
specific peer or authenticator port.

While EAP Keying Material passed down to the lower layer is not
intrinsically bound to particular authenticator and peer ports,
Transient Session Keys MAY be bound to particular authenticator and
peer ports by the Secure Association Protocol. However, a lower
layer MAY also permit TSKs to be used on multiple peer and/or
authenticator ports, providing that TSK freshness is guaranteed
(such as by keeping replay counter state within the authenticator).

In order to further limit the key scope the following measures are
suggested:

[a] The lower layer MAY specify additional restrictions on key usage,
such as limiting the use of EAP keying material and parameters on
the EAP peer to the port over which on the EAP conversation was
conducted.

[b] The backend authentication server and authenticator MAY implement
additional attributes in order to further restrict the scope of EAP
keying material. For example, in 802.11, the backend
authentication server may provide the authenticator with a list of
authorized Called or Calling-Station-Ids and/or SSIDs for which EAP
keying material is valid.

[c] Where the backend authentication server provides attributes
restricting the key scope, it is RECOMMENDED that restrictions be
securely communicated by the authenticator to the peer. This can
be accomplished using the Secure Association Protocol, but also
can be accomplished via the EAP method or the lower layer."

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Issue 338: Key Scope
Submitter name: Joe Salowey
Submitter email address: jsalowey@cisco.com
Date Submitted: December 1, 2005
Reference:
Document: Keying-08
Comment type: T
Priority: 1
Section: 2.4
Rationale/Explanation of issue:
The key scope section is a little hard to understand.
---
The key scope recommendations should specify which key it refers to.  I
believe it refers to the AAA-key.
---
There could be some more generic text about key scoping that describes
the requirements in the lower layer such as:

- Identify what parameters in the lower layer define the key scope
- In phase 0 communicate lower layer parameters that identify the key
scope between Peer and Authenticator
- If channel bindings are supported then include these parameters in the
channel bindings in phase 1a
- The peer can now use the key scope parameters to determine if it has
correct keys for phase 2 lower layer protocol interactions
 
Requested change:

Include in the key scoping section introduction (2.4) something along
the lines of the following text:

"Since authenticator architectures and deployment scenarios vary the
usable scope of the keys derived by the peer and server and sent to the
authenticator vary.  By defining a key scope a lower layer can take
advantage of key caches in the system to optimize lower layer
interactions.  In order to address key scoping the following needs to be
specified by the lower layer:

- Identify what parameters in the lower layer define the key scope
- In phase 0 communicate lower layer parameters that identify the key
scope between Peer and Authenticator
- If channel bindings are supported then include these parameters in the
channel bindings in phase 1a
- The peer can now use the key scope parameters to determine if it has
correct keys for phase 2 lower layer protocol interactions"

The following sections describe key scoping with respect to the AAA-Key
that is sent to the authenticator for lower layer protection.  It is
possible that a lower layer may define other keys and key uses which
need to have scoping applied.
---

Make it clear that remaining parts of sections 2.4.1 and 2.4.2 refer to
the AAA-Key.


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Ok. --Jari

Bernard Aboba wrote:

> The text of Issue 326 is enclosed below.  The proposed resolution is 
> as follows:
>
> In Section 1, change:
>
> "The combination of the Peer-ID and Server-ID uniquely specifies the
> endpoints of the EAP method exchange."
>
> To:
>
> "The combination of the Peer-ID and Server-ID may uniquely specify the
> endpoints of the EAP method exchange when they are provided."
>
> -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
>
> Issue 326: Identifiers
> Submitter name: Joe Salowey
> Submitter email address: jsalowey@cisco.com
> Date Submitted: December 1, 2005
> Reference:
> Document: Keying-08
> Comment type: T
> Priority: 1
> Section: 1
> Rationale/Explanation of issue:
>
> "  EAP methods also MAY export method-specific peer and server
>   identifiers (peer-ID and server-ID), a method-specific EAP
>   conversation identifier known as the Method-ID, and the lifetime of
>   the exported keys, known the Key-Lifetime.   EAP methods MAY also
>   support the import and export of Channel Bindings.  New EAP method
>   specifications MUST define the Peer-ID, Server-ID and Method-ID. The
>   combination of the Peer-ID and Server-ID uniquely specifies the
>   endpoints of the EAP method exchange."
>
> It seems that additional data associated with the identity should be
> exported to satisfy section 1.3.  Suggestion is to add this and call
> them identity attributes.
>
> In this paragraph it states that the "Peer-ID and Server-ID uniquely
> specifies the  endpoints of the EAP method exchange", however further 
> down it states
> that these quantities may be null.  This is contradictory.  Suggested
> modification to above text:
>
> "The combination of the Peer-ID and Server-ID may uniquely specify the
> endpoints of the EAP method exchange if the method supports unique IDs."
>
>
> _________________________________________________________________
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Looks good to me. --Jari

Bernard Aboba wrote:

> The text of Issue 322 is enclosed below.   The proposed resolution is 
> to replace Section 2.4 with the following:
>
> 2.4.  Authenticator Architecture
>
>   This specification does not impose constraints on the architecture of
>   the EAP authenticator or peer.  Any of the authenticator
>   architectures described in [RFC4118] can be used.  For example, it is
>   possible for multiple base stations and a "controller" (e.g. WLAN
>   switch) to comprise a single EAP authenticator.  In such a situation,
>   the "base station identity" is irrelevant to the EAP method
>   conversation, except perhaps as an opaque blob to be used in Channel
>   Bindings.  Many base stations can share the same authenticator
>   identity.  As a result, lower layers need to identify EAP peers and
>   authenticators unambiguously, without incorporating implicit
>   assumptions about peer and authenticator architectures.
>
>   It should be understood that an EAP authenticator or peer:
>
>   [a] may contain one or more physical or logical ports;
>   [b] may advertise itself as one or more "virtual"
>       authenticators or peers;
>   [c] may utilize multiple CPUs;
>   [d] may support clustering services for load balancing or failover.
>
>
>   Both the EAP peer and authenticator may have more than one physical
>   or logical port.  A peer may simultaneously access the network via
>   multiple authenticators, or via multiple physical or logical ports on
>   a given authenticator.  Similarly, an authenticator may offer network
>   access to multiple peers, each via a separate physical or logical
>   port.  When a single physical authenticator advertises itself as
>   multiple "virtual authenticators",  it is possible for a single
>   physical port to belong to multiple "virtual authenticators".  The
>   situation is illustrated in Figure 5.
>
>
>                               +-+-+-+-+
>                               | EAP   |
>                               | Peer  |
>                               +-+-+-+-+
>                                 | | |  Peer Ports
>                                /  |  \
>                               /   |   \
>                              /    |    \
>                             /     |     \
>                            /      |      \
>                           /       |       \
>                          /        |        \
>                         /         |         \
>                      | | |      | | |      | | | Authenticator Ports
>                    +-+-+-+-+  +-+-+-+-+  +-+-+-+-+
>                    |       |  |       |  |       |
>                    | Auth. |  | Auth. |  | Auth. |
>                    |       |  |       |  |       |
>                    +-+-+-+-+  +-+-+-+-+  +-+-+-+-+
>                         \         |         /
>                          \        |        /
>                           \       |       /
>             EAP over AAA   \      |      /
>               (optional)    \     |     /
>                              \    |    /
>                               \   |   /
>                                \  |  /
>                               +-+-+-+-+
>                               |  EAP  |
>                               |Server |
>                               +-+-+-+-+
>
>   Figure 5:  Relationship between EAP peer, authenticator and server
>
>
> 2.4.1.  Authenticator Identification
>
>   The EAP method conversation is between the EAP peer and server, as
>   identified by the Peer-ID and Server-ID.  The authenticator identity,
>   if considered at all by the EAP method, is treated as an opaque blob
>   for the purposes of Channel bindings.  However, the Secure
>   Association Protocol conversation is between the peer and the
>   authenticator, and therefore the authenticator and peer identities
>   are relevant to that exchange, and define the scope of use of the EAP
>   keying material passed down to the lower layer.
>
>   Since an authenticator may have multiple ports, the authenticator
>   identifiers used within the Secure Association Protocol exchange
>   SHOULD be distinct from any port identifier (e.g. MAC address).
>   Similarly, where a peer may have multiple ports, and sharing of EAP
>   keying material and parameters between peer ports of the same link
>   type is allowed, the peer identifier used within the Secure
>   Association Protocol exchange SHOULD also be distinct from any port
>   identifier.
>
>   Where the peer and authenticator identify themselves within the lower
>   layer using a port identifier such as a link layer address, this
>   creates a number of problems:
>
> [1]  It may not be obvious to the peer which authenticator ports are
>     associated with which authenticators.
>
> [2]  It may not be obvious to the authenticator which peer ports are
>     associated with which peers.
>
> [3]  It may not be obvious to the peer which "virtual authenticator" it
>     is communicating with.
>
> [4]  It may not be obvious to the authenticator which "virtual peer" it
>     is communicating with.
>
>     AAA protocols such as RADIUS [RFC3579] and Diameter [RFC4072]
>     provide a mechanism for the identification of AAA clients; since
>     the EAP authenticator and AAA client are always co-resident, this
>     mechanism is applicable to the identification of EAP
>     authenticators.
>
>     RADIUS [RFC2865] requires that an Access-Request packet contain one
>     or more of the NAS-Identifier, NAS-IP-Address and NAS-IPv6-Address
>     attributes.  Since a NAS may have more than one IP address, the
>     NAS-Identifier attribute is RECOMMENDED for the unambiguous
>     identification of the EAP authenticator.
>
>     From the point of view of the AAA server, EAP keying material and
>     parameters are transported to the EAP authenticator identified by
>     the NAS-Identifier attribute.  Since an EAP authenticator MUST NOT
>     share EAP keying material or parameters with another party, if the
>     EAP peer or AAA server detects use of EAP keying material and
>     parameters outside the scope defined by the NAS-Identifier, the
>     keying material MUST be considered compromised.
>
>
> -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
>
> Issue 322: Authenticator Architecture
> Submitter name: Joe Salowey
> Submitter email address: jsalowey@cisco.com
> Date Submitted: December 1, 2005
> Reference:
> Document: Keying-08
> Comment type: T
> Priority: 1
> Section: 2.4
> Rationale/Explanation of issue:
>
> There is a lot of discussion about authenticator architecture which
> probably should be pulled into a separate section on authenticator
> architecture.
>  
> Requested change:
>
> Move the description of authenticator architecture to its own section
>
>
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To: Bernard Aboba <bernard_aboba@hotmail.com>
Subject: Re: [eap] Proposed Resolution to Issue 338:  Key Scope
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Text is fine. --Jari

Bernard Aboba wrote:

> The text of Issue 338 is enclosed below.  This issue was split off 
> from Issue 322 to allow the revised Authenticator Architecture and Key 
> Scope sections to be discussed separately.
>
> The proposed resolution is to reorganize the key scope material into 
> Section 2.5.  How does this look?
>
> "2.5. Key Scope
>
> Where the EAP peer and authenticator cannot unambiguously identify
> each other they may not be able to determine the scope of transported
> EAP keying material. This is particularly problematic for lower
> layers where key caching is supported.
>
> For example, if the EAP peer cannot identify the EAP authenticator,
> it will be unable to determine whether transported EAP keying
> material has been shared outside of its authorized scope, and
> therefore needs to be considered compromised. There is also a
> practical problem because the EAP peer will be unable to utilize the
> EAP authenticator key cache in an efficient way.
>
> To avoid these problems, it is recomended that lower layers:
>
> [1] Specify the lower layer parameters used to identify the
> authenticator and peer;
>
> [2] Communicate the lower layer identities between the peer and
> authenticator within phase 0;
>
> [3] Communicate the lower layer authenticator identity between the
> authenticator and backend server within the NAS-Identifier
> attribute;
>
> [4] Include the lower layer identities within channel bindings (if
> supported) in phase 1a, ensuring that they are communicated between
> the EAP peer and server;
>
> [5] Securely verify the lower layer identities within phase 2a;
>
> [6] Utilize the advertised lower layer identities to enable the peer
> and authenticator to verify that keys are maintained within the
> advertised scope;
>
> Absent explicit specification within the lower layer, after the
> completion of phase 1b, EAP keying material and parameters are
> bound to the EAP peer and authenticator, but are not bound to a
> specific peer or authenticator port.
>
> While EAP Keying Material passed down to the lower layer is not
> intrinsically bound to particular authenticator and peer ports,
> Transient Session Keys MAY be bound to particular authenticator and
> peer ports by the Secure Association Protocol. However, a lower
> layer MAY also permit TSKs to be used on multiple peer and/or
> authenticator ports, providing that TSK freshness is guaranteed
> (such as by keeping replay counter state within the authenticator).
>
> In order to further limit the key scope the following measures are
> suggested:
>
> [a] The lower layer MAY specify additional restrictions on key usage,
> such as limiting the use of EAP keying material and parameters on
> the EAP peer to the port over which on the EAP conversation was
> conducted.
>
> [b] The backend authentication server and authenticator MAY implement
> additional attributes in order to further restrict the scope of EAP
> keying material. For example, in 802.11, the backend
> authentication server may provide the authenticator with a list of
> authorized Called or Calling-Station-Ids and/or SSIDs for which EAP
> keying material is valid.
>
> [c] Where the backend authentication server provides attributes
> restricting the key scope, it is RECOMMENDED that restrictions be
> securely communicated by the authenticator to the peer. This can
> be accomplished using the Secure Association Protocol, but also
> can be accomplished via the EAP method or the lower layer."
>
> -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
>
> Issue 338: Key Scope
> Submitter name: Joe Salowey
> Submitter email address: jsalowey@cisco.com
> Date Submitted: December 1, 2005
> Reference:
> Document: Keying-08
> Comment type: T
> Priority: 1
> Section: 2.4
> Rationale/Explanation of issue:
> The key scope section is a little hard to understand.
> ---
> The key scope recommendations should specify which key it refers to.  I
> believe it refers to the AAA-key.
> ---
> There could be some more generic text about key scoping that describes
> the requirements in the lower layer such as:
>
> - Identify what parameters in the lower layer define the key scope
> - In phase 0 communicate lower layer parameters that identify the key
> scope between Peer and Authenticator
> - If channel bindings are supported then include these parameters in the
> channel bindings in phase 1a
> - The peer can now use the key scope parameters to determine if it has
> correct keys for phase 2 lower layer protocol interactions
>  
> Requested change:
>
> Include in the key scoping section introduction (2.4) something along
> the lines of the following text:
>
> "Since authenticator architectures and deployment scenarios vary the
> usable scope of the keys derived by the peer and server and sent to the
> authenticator vary.  By defining a key scope a lower layer can take
> advantage of key caches in the system to optimize lower layer
> interactions.  In order to address key scoping the following needs to be
> specified by the lower layer:
>
> - Identify what parameters in the lower layer define the key scope
> - In phase 0 communicate lower layer parameters that identify the key
> scope between Peer and Authenticator
> - If channel bindings are supported then include these parameters in the
> channel bindings in phase 1a
> - The peer can now use the key scope parameters to determine if it has
> correct keys for phase 2 lower layer protocol interactions"
>
> The following sections describe key scoping with respect to the AAA-Key
> that is sent to the authenticator for lower layer protection.  It is
> possible that a lower layer may define other keys and key uses which
> need to have scoping applied.
> ---
>
> Make it clear that remaining parts of sections 2.4.1 and 2.4.2 refer to
> the AAA-Key.
>
>
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Text proposal. In 3.1, change

Channel Bindings

   Channel Bindings include lower layer parameters that are verified for
   consistency between the EAP peer and server.  In order to avoid
   introducing media dependencies, EAP methods that transport Channel
   Binding data MUST treat this data as opaque octets.  Typically the
   EAP method imports Channel Bindings from the lower layer on the peer,
   and transmits them securely to the EAP server, which exports them to
   the lower layer.  However, transport may occur from EAP server to
   peer, or may be bi-directional.  On the side of the exchange (peer or
   server) where Channel Bindings are verified, the lower layer passes
   the result of the verification (TRUE or FALSE) up to the EAP method.

to

Channel Bindings

   Channel Bindings include lower layer parameters that are verified for
   consistency between the EAP peer and server.  In order to avoid
   introducing media dependencies, EAP methods that transport Channel
   Binding data MUST treat this data as opaque octets.  Typically the
   EAP method imports Channel Bindings from the lower layer on the peer,
   and transmits them securely to the EAP server, which exports them to
   the lower layer.  However, transport may occur from EAP server to
   peer, or may be bi-directional.  On the side of the exchange (peer or
   server) where Channel Bindings are verified, the lower layer passes
   the result of the verification (TRUE or FALSE) up to the EAP method.
   It is also possible that the verification is performed entirely
   within the EAP layer. In this case, the EAP layer exports only the
   result to the lower layer. Given that EAP treats the data as opaque
   octets, verification at the EAP layer can only be performed as
   an exact match.

And change in 1.4 this

   The successful completion of an EAP method that supports key
   derivation results in the export of keying material on the EAP peer
   and server.  Even though the EAP peer or server may import Channel-
   Bindings that may include the identity of the EAP authenticator,
   this information is treated as opaque octets.  As a result, within
   EAP the only relevant identities are the Peer-ID and Server-ID.
   Channel Bindings are only interpreted by the lower layer.

to

   The successful completion of an EAP method that supports key
   derivation results in the export of keying material on the EAP peer
   and server.  Even though the EAP peer or server may import Channel-
   Bindings that may include the identity of the EAP authenticator,
   this information is treated as opaque octets.  As a result, within
   EAP the only relevant identities are the Peer-ID and Server-ID.

--Jari

>*ssue 325: Channel Bindings*
>Submitter name: Joe Salowey
>Submitter email address: jsalowey@cisco.com <mailto:jsalowey@cisco.com>
>Date Submitted: December 1, 2005
>Reference: 
>Document: Keying-08
>Comment type: T
>Priority: 1 
>Section: 1.3, 1.4
>Rationale/Explanation of issue: 
>
>Section 1.3
>
> 
>
>There are two styles of channel bindings that may be supported by EAP
>methods. The text in this section describes exportable channel bindings.
>There is also the approach where the bindings are non exportable.  In
>this case the method does a binary comparison of the channel bindings or
>hash of the channel bindings and fails if the result does not match.  I
>can see the possibility of a method supporting both styles.  Should we
>include both?
>
> 
>
>Section 1.4
> 
>Exportable channel binding are references in this section,
>non-exportable ones are not.  If we make changes to this affect above
>then we should change it here as well. 
>
> 
>
>[Bernard Aboba] Can you provide text?
>
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Here's some analysis of the server vs. lower-layer based
EMSK processing approaches.

(1) In the server based approach we keep the
EMSK in the server (perhaps just for a moment)
and generate the AMSKs, which are given to the the
different applications, such as fast handoff mechanisms.
The use of these applications goes via AAA, e.g., some kind
of key requests or fast re-auth requests can be sent from
NASes to the server. The AMSKs are derived using a KDF
which is decided either (a) by a default plus optional negotiation
in methods or (b) by lower layer negotiation and having AAA
tell the server which KDF to use.

(2) In the lower-layer based EMSK processing approach, the
EMSK is delivered to the authenticator along with the MSK.
KDF is selected either (a) by a default in EAP plus optional
negotiation in methods, choice is communicated to the
lower layer via AAA or (b) by lower layer negotiation alone.
The lower layer is responsible for all use of the AMSKs
in a local context. That is, no AAA key requests are needed
or possible.

Discussion about the chosen approach for EMSK use has
so far appeared to assume 1a vs. 2b. Based on the above,
it seems that the KDF negotiation may be a separate
issue from who maintains the EMSK and calculates AMSKs.
In the following I'll try to analyze these issues.

The KDF negotiation is indeed problematic almost no
matter what we do. Requiring new funtionality in methods
is in practice often a non-starter; while we can develop
new methods and update old ones, it is expected that
most of current usage will continue to use the existing
methods. Having a default does not help much either,
if the default becomes broken in the near future.
But requiring new functionality in link layers it not
always easy either. It would be easy when we are developing
a new link layer and including some EMSK usage as a part
of that. But if we were to use EMSK for some new function
over 802.11, for instance, would there be enough incentive
to extend 802.11 just to make this possible?

The choices and their implications are:

  (a) Specified default, optional negotiation in EAP methods.

       This implies an interface either from methods to the AAA/EAP server
       code (for solution 1) or AAA protocol extensions for solution 2.

       Changes in peers, servers, methods, possibly AAA protocols.

  (b) Lower layer negotiation.

       If used together with solution 1, implies AAA protocol extensions
       to communicate the KDF. If used with solution 2, implies AAA
       protocol extensions to carry the EMSK.
      
       Changes in lower layers, AAA protocol. No changes in EAP or methods.

Based on this my current preference is (b). I'd be willing
to accept (a), too.

The choice between server or lower-layer based EMSK processing
depends on security implications and ease of use for different purposes.
The choices are:

  (1) Derive AMSKs at the EAP/AAA server.

       Implies a AAA protocol extension to retrieve AMSKs.

       Changes at the EAP/AAA server, authenticator. New, stateful
       nature of the EAP/AAA server.

  (2) Derive AMSKs at the lower layer.

       Implies a AAA protocol extension to carry EMSK to the
       authenticator.

       Small changes at the EAP/AAA server, main functionality in
       the authenticator.

       Hard to see how other nodes than the authenticator would
       actually use the AMSKs. Traditionally, NAS -> NAS communication
       has not been easy compared to NAS -> AAA communication.

Based on this my current preference is (1). But its a close
call.

--Jari

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Right. Very good.

Bernard Aboba wrote:

> Issue 337: Removal of Appendix A
> Submitter name: Bernard Aboba
> Submitter email address: aboba@internaut.com
> Date Submitted: February 25, 2006
> Reference: http://lists.frascone.com/pipermail/eap/msg03993.html
> Document: KEYING-09
> Comment type: E
> Priority: 1
> Section: Appendix A
> Rationale/Explanation of issue:
>
> The material in Appendix A has now been included in RFC 2716bis. As a 
> result, it is no longer needed in the EAP Keying Framework. It is 
> recommended that this Appendix be deleted.
>
>
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Subject: RE: [eap] issue 325 - channel bindings
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>Channel Bindings
>
>Channel Bindings include lower layer parameters that are verified for   
>consistency between the EAP peer and server.  In order to avoid
>introducing media dependencies, EAP methods that transport Channel
>Binding data MUST treat this data as opaque octets.  Typically the
>EAP method imports Channel Bindings from the lower layer on the peer,  and 
>transmits them securely to the EAP server, which exports them to
>the lower layer.  However, transport may occur from EAP server to
>peer, or may be bi-directional.  On the side of the exchange (peer or  
>server) where Channel Bindings are verified, the lower layer passes
>the result of the verification (TRUE or FALSE) up to the EAP method.

As noted earlier by Yoshi, while channel binding comparisons
can be done on either the peer or server, only the server can verify that
the values are actually *correct*.  A peer cannot do this because it does
not have knowledge of the infrastructure.  Therefore while the channel
bindings can be passed in both directions, it seems that it is only
possible to address the "impersonation" problem if they are passed in the
direction of peer to server.  This is probably worth noting.

>It is also possible that the verification is performed entirely
>within the EAP layer. In this case, the EAP layer exports only the
>result to the lower layer. Given that EAP treats the data as opaque
>octets, verification at the EAP layer can only be performed as
>an exact match.

I'm not sure how this is supposed to work. The channel bindings which are
passed to the backend authentication server depend on what attributes the
NAS sends.  For example, it is not mandatory for a NAS to send
Called-Station-ID or Calling-Station-ID to the backend authentication
server.  An 802.11r implementation might send a
"Mobility-Domain-ID" attribute, while an 802.11i implementation
woudl not.  Similarly, the Channel Bindings sent up by the lower layer may
vary according to the implementation.

Given this, some policy is typically required in order to determine which
of the attributes MUST match, which can be ignored, what actions
are taken, etc.

Requiring an "exact match" would imply that exactly the same attributes
are sent by the NAS as are sent up by the particular driver
implementation, in the same format.  This would be very brittle;
unless the EAP peer, server and authenticator implementations are provided
by the same vendor, this seems unlikely to work reliably.

>Channel Bindings are only interpreted by the lower layer.

Maybe this should be "only interpreted by the lower layer or AAA layer."


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I have reviewed keying-10 and I have no further issues for
it. As far as I can see, we have also closed all issues that
the issue tracker has, but we still need to discuss the EMSK
sharing mechanism. 325 has text but needs confirmation from
others that the text is OK. There seemed to also some discussion
about the deletion requirement, which probably deserves its
own issue, too. If we can get these resolved within this
or the next week, I think we have completed the WGLC issue
resolution and can send the draft for AD review. Then we
would not have a reason to discuss it at IETF-65.

--Jari

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Bernard Aboba wrote:

>> Channel Bindings
>>
>> Channel Bindings include lower layer parameters that are verified 
>> for   consistency between the EAP peer and server.  In order to avoid
>> introducing media dependencies, EAP methods that transport Channel
>> Binding data MUST treat this data as opaque octets.  Typically the
>> EAP method imports Channel Bindings from the lower layer on the 
>> peer,  and transmits them securely to the EAP server, which exports 
>> them to
>> the lower layer.  However, transport may occur from EAP server to
>> peer, or may be bi-directional.  On the side of the exchange (peer 
>> or  server) where Channel Bindings are verified, the lower layer passes
>> the result of the verification (TRUE or FALSE) up to the EAP method.
>
>
> As noted earlier by Yoshi, while channel binding comparisons
> can be done on either the peer or server, only the server can verify that
> the values are actually *correct*.  A peer cannot do this because it does
> not have knowledge of the infrastructure.  Therefore while the channel
> bindings can be passed in both directions, it seems that it is only
> possible to address the "impersonation" problem if they are passed in the
> direction of peer to server.  This is probably worth noting.

Right. Add "While the verification can be done eithe rby the peer
or the server, typically only the server would have knowledge to
determine the correctness of the values, as opposed to merely
verifying their equality."

>> It is also possible that the verification is performed entirely
>> within the EAP layer. In this case, the EAP layer exports only the
>> result to the lower layer. Given that EAP treats the data as opaque
>> octets, verification at the EAP layer can only be performed as
>> an exact match.
>
>
> I'm not sure how this is supposed to work. The channel bindings which are
> passed to the backend authentication server depend on what attributes the
> NAS sends.  For example, it is not mandatory for a NAS to send
> Called-Station-ID or Calling-Station-ID to the backend authentication
> server.  An 802.11r implementation might send a
> "Mobility-Domain-ID" attribute, while an 802.11i implementation
> woudl not.  Similarly, the Channel Bindings sent up by the lower layer 
> may
> vary according to the implementation.
>
> Given this, some policy is typically required in order to determine which
> of the attributes MUST match, which can be ignored, what actions
> are taken, etc.

I fully agree.

> Requiring an "exact match" would imply that exactly the same attributes
> are sent by the NAS as are sent up by the particular driver
> implementation, in the same format.  This would be very brittle;
> unless the EAP peer, server and authenticator implementations are 
> provided
> by the same vendor, this seems unlikely to work reliably.

Yes. We are not claiming that the approach is a good one, just that
its possible and that it has some issues (such as requiring exact match).
Do we want more text about the brittleness, or do you want to delete
the change altogether?

>
>> Channel Bindings are only interpreted by the lower layer.
>
>
> Maybe this should be "only interpreted by the lower layer or AAA layer."
>
Ok.

--Jari


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From: "Bernard Aboba" <bernard_aboba@hotmail.com>
To: jari.arkko@piuha.net
Subject: Re: [eap] issue 325 - channel bindings
Date: Mon, 06 Mar 2006 04:01:51 -0800
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How about this?

"Channel Bindings include lower layer parameters that
are verified for consistency between the EAP peer and server.
In order to avoid introducing media dependencies, EAP
methods that transport Channel Binding data MUST treat this
data as opaque octets.

Typically the EAP method imports Channel Bindings from the
lower layer on the peer, and transmits them securely to the
EAP server, which exports them to the lower layer or AAA layer.  However,
transport may occur from EAP server to peer, or may be
bi-directional.  On the side of the exchange (peer or server)
where Channel Bindings are verified, the lower layer or AAA layer passes
the result of the verification (TRUE or FALSE) up to the
EAP method.

While the verification can be done either by the peer
or the server, typically only the server has the knowledge to
determine the correctness of the values, as opposed to merely
verifying their equality."


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Subject: Re: [eap] issue 325 - channel bindings
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Ok.

Bernard Aboba wrote:

> How about this?
>
> "Channel Bindings include lower layer parameters that
> are verified for consistency between the EAP peer and server.
> In order to avoid introducing media dependencies, EAP
> methods that transport Channel Binding data MUST treat this
> data as opaque octets.
>
> Typically the EAP method imports Channel Bindings from the
> lower layer on the peer, and transmits them securely to the
> EAP server, which exports them to the lower layer or AAA layer.  However,
> transport may occur from EAP server to peer, or may be
> bi-directional.  On the side of the exchange (peer or server)
> where Channel Bindings are verified, the lower layer or AAA layer passes
> the result of the verification (TRUE or FALSE) up to the
> EAP method.
>
> While the verification can be done either by the peer
> or the server, typically only the server has the knowledge to
> determine the correctness of the values, as opposed to merely
> verifying their equality."
>
>
>
>

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To: Bernard Aboba <bernard_aboba@hotmail.com>
Subject: Re: [eap] issue 325 - channel bindings
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It may be too late to make comment on this, but if we agree on only
the server has the knowledge of the Channel Binding values, I really
don't see any value on carrying Channel Bindings over EAP methods
compared to the other method of using the Channel Bindings for key
derivation.  Please correct if my view is wrong.

Yoshihiro Ohba


On Mon, Mar 06, 2006 at 04:01:51AM -0800, Bernard Aboba wrote:
> How about this?
> 
> "Channel Bindings include lower layer parameters that
> are verified for consistency between the EAP peer and server.
> In order to avoid introducing media dependencies, EAP
> methods that transport Channel Binding data MUST treat this
> data as opaque octets.
> 
> Typically the EAP method imports Channel Bindings from the
> lower layer on the peer, and transmits them securely to the
> EAP server, which exports them to the lower layer or AAA layer.  However,
> transport may occur from EAP server to peer, or may be
> bi-directional.  On the side of the exchange (peer or server)
> where Channel Bindings are verified, the lower layer or AAA layer passes
> the result of the verification (TRUE or FALSE) up to the
> EAP method.
> 
> While the verification can be done either by the peer
> or the server, typically only the server has the knowledge to
> determine the correctness of the values, as opposed to merely
> verifying their equality."
> 
> 
> _________________________________________________________________
> To unsubscribe or modify your subscription options, please visit:
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Subject: RE: [eap] Strawman -10/EMSK deletion requirement?
Date: Mon, 6 Mar 2006 09:45:56 -0800
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From: "Salowey, Joe" <jsalowey@cisco.com>
To: "Avi Lior" <avi@bridgewatersystems.com>,
	"Nakhjiri Madjid-MNAKHJI1" <Madjid.Nakhjiri@motorola.com>,
	"Rafa Marin Lopez" <rafa@dif.um.es>,
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=20

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Avi Lior [mailto:avi@bridgewatersystems.com]=20
> Sent: Thursday, March 02, 2006 12:16 PM
> To: Salowey, Joe; Nakhjiri Madjid-MNAKHJI1; Rafa Marin Lopez;=20
> Bernard Aboba
> Cc: eap@frascone.com
> Subject: RE: [eap] Strawman -10/EMSK deletion requirement?
>=20
> Hi Joe and Madjid,
>=20
> The only reason for caching the EMSK is if you have to=20
> generate an AMSK
> for another application associated with the current session.
>=20
> So the question is do you have to generate all possible AMSKs and then
> delete the EMSK or can you generate the AMSKs as needed?
>=20
[Joe] I understand that there may be need for caching of certain
quantities.  I think Jari explained it well in a separate message.  In
my opinion you should try to identify the applications in use and the
keys needed as early as possible.  If this is not possible then caching
of the MSK may be necessary.  Do we have examples where the caching of
the EMSK is necessary.  In the case where key caching is used the cache
needs to be managed.  If we are caching EMSKs then the document that
describes EMSK usage must describe how key cache can be managed.=20


> Finally I have an slight issue with the statement that a KEY should be
> deleted so that it wont be used for other purposes.  I find that
> statements like that are an over specification.  What makes=20
> anyone think
> that making a statement that "X should/must be deleted" is going to be
> taken more seriously then "X should/must only be used for=20
> purpose X and
> should/must not be transported out of Y"?
>=20
> I think that whether it gets deleted or not is an=20
> implementation issue.
>=20

[Joe] The goal of the architecture is to prevent the re-use of keys for
multiple different purposes.  I agree that this is not necessarily the
same a deletion.  It is very important that keys derived from the EMSK
don't collide purposes across applications.  What happens in a
particular AMSK branch of the key hierarchy is not necessarily as
important since this branch is cryptographically separated from the rest
of the system through the AMSK derivation.  I think the current text
could probably do better in motivating why it is good practice to delete
keys. =20

> Finally if we insist on saying that X must be deleted we should really
> say that X must be securely deleted.  There is a difference. =20
> When a key
> is securely deleted the software takes extra care that the memory
> location containing the key is first erased before the memory location
> is freed to the heap.  Perhaps we can state that somewhere.=20
>=20
> > -----Original Message-----
> > From: Salowey, Joe [mailto:jsalowey@cisco.com]=20
> > Sent: Thursday, March 02, 2006 2:49 PM
> > To: Nakhjiri Madjid-MNAKHJI1; Rafa Marin Lopez; Bernard Aboba
> > Cc: eap@frascone.com
> > Subject: RE: [eap] Strawman -10/EMSK deletion requirement?
> >=20
> > =20
> >=20
> > > -----Original Message-----
> > > From: Nakhjiri Madjid-MNAKHJI1=20
> [mailto:Madjid.Nakhjiri@motorola.com]
> > > Sent: Thursday, March 02, 2006 8:44 AM
> > > To: Salowey, Joe; Rafa Marin Lopez; Bernard Aboba
> > > Cc: eap@frascone.com
> > > Subject: RE: [eap] Strawman -10/EMSK deletion requirement?
> > >=20
> > > Hi Joe,
> > >=20
> > > Thanks for the email. I think you responded to the old=20
> piece of the=20
> > > email from Rafa and I am to blame for causing that=20
> confusion, as I=20
> > > kept that part to provide context.
> > > Again, my question was why an entity needs to delete EMSK after=20
> > > generating the first AMSK (or first set of AMSKs?)? This=20
> > seems to be=20
> > > the requirement regardless of two options:
> > >=20
> > > 1) keep EMSK at EAP layer, create AMSK at EAP layer based=20
> > request from=20
> > > AAA layer, delete EMSK Immediately (this means EAP layer=20
> must have=20
> > > KDFs for AMSK=3DKDF(EMSK, etc)
> > > 2) push EMSK down to AAA layer at backend server, create=20
> > AMSK at AAA=20
> > > layer and delete EMSK immediately (this means AAA layer must have=20
> > > KDFs)
> > >
> > [Joe] If the AAA layer contains the AAA client and AAA server=20
> > then the EMSK should not be available to this layer, if the=20
> > AAA layer means something else then I don't know about (1). =20
> > The AMSK should be generated in the EAP and exported, option (2).
> > =20
> > >=20
> > > In both cases we require deletion of EMSK after=20
> generation of AMSK,=20
> > > why?
> > >=20
> > [Joe] To minimize the chance of exposure of the EMSK.  Why do=20
> > you need to cache it? Could you generate and cache an AMSK=20
> instead? =20
> >=20
> >=20
> > > Thanks,
> > >=20
> > > Madjid
> > >=20
> > > -----Original Message-----
> > > From: Salowey, Joe [mailto:jsalowey@cisco.com]
> > > Sent: Wednesday, March 01, 2006 5:17 PM
> > > To: Nakhjiri Madjid-MNAKHJI1; Rafa Marin Lopez; Bernard Aboba
> > > Cc: eap@frascone.com
> > > Subject: RE: [eap] Strawman -10
> > >=20
> > > =20
> > >=20
> > > > -----Original Message-----
> > > > From: Nakhjiri Madjid-MNAKHJI1=20
> > [mailto:Madjid.Nakhjiri@motorola.com]
> > > > Sent: Wednesday, March 01, 2006 2:38 PM
> > > > To: Rafa Marin Lopez; Bernard Aboba
> > > > Cc: eap@frascone.com
> > > > Subject: RE: [eap] Strawman -10
> > > >=20
> > > > Madjid>>Again, why is deletion of EMSK after generation of
> > > > one AMSK is a
> > > > requirements. What if we need to create multiple AMSKs=20
> > and that at=20
> > > > multiple occassions?
> > > >=20
> > > >=20
> > > >=20
> > > > Well, actually, lower layer authenticator implementation
> > > should expect
> > > > (MSK,EMSK) in the case EAP method is executed by the standalone=20
> > > > authenticator or (MSK,AMSK) in the case EAP method is=20
> executed by=20
> > > > backend authentication server. If it receives (MSK,EMSK)
> > > should create
> > >=20
> > > > AMSK and delete EMSK. If it receives (MSK,AMSK) , that's
> > > all, correct?
> > >=20
> > > [Joe] Not really, strictly speaking the lower layer=20
> > shouldn't expect=20
> > > to receive the EMSK as that would break mode independence.  An=20
> > > architectural description should not have the lower layer=20
> receiving=20
> > > the keys. From a supplicant perspective it must appear the same=20
> > > whether an external EAP-Server or a collocated EAP server=20
> is used. =20
> > > Now I don't know what is going on inside your box, it=20
> could all be=20
> > > monolithic when a internal EAP server is used but that=20
> shouldn't be=20
> > > visible to the external world.  If I was interested in=20
> > cryptographic=20
> > > module separation I might not be too happy if you shared=20
> > the EMSK with=20
> > > the lower layer.
> > >=20
> > > >=20
> _________________________________________________________________
> > > > To unsubscribe or modify your subscription options,=20
> please visit:
> > > > http://lists.frascone.com/mailman/listinfo/eap
> > > >=20
> > > > Arhives: http://lists.frascone.com/pipermail/eap
> > > >=20
> > >=20
> > _________________________________________________________________
> > To unsubscribe or modify your subscription options, please visit:
> > http://lists.frascone.com/mailman/listinfo/eap
> >=20
> > Arhives: http://lists.frascone.com/pipermail/eap
> >=20
>=20
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Subject: RE: [eap] Strawman -10/EMSK deletion requirement?
Date: Mon, 6 Mar 2006 09:48:03 -0800
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From: "Salowey, Joe" <jsalowey@cisco.com>
To: "Avi Lior" <avi@bridgewatersystems.com>,
	"Nakhjiri Madjid-MNAKHJI1" <Madjid.Nakhjiri@motorola.com>,
	"Rafa Marin Lopez" <rafa@dif.um.es>,
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 >=20
> Hi Madjid=20
>=20
> Seems that there a lot of good reasons for keeping EMSK=20
> around after it
> is used to generate AMSKs.  Hopefully everyone gets that.
>=20
[Joe] No. After the AMSKs are generated what are you going to do with
the EMSK?  The purpos of the EMSK is to generate AMSKs. =20
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Subject: RE: [eap] Strawman -10/EMSK deletion requirement?
Date: Mon, 6 Mar 2006 10:05:50 -0800
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From: "Salowey, Joe" <jsalowey@cisco.com>
To: "Nakhjiri Madjid-MNAKHJI1" <Madjid.Nakhjiri@motorola.com>,
	"Rafa Marin Lopez" <rafa@dif.um.es>,
	"Bernard Aboba" <bernard_aboba@hotmail.com>
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=20
> Madjid>>I guess the number of people who are not sure about definition
> of AAA layer is more than one :)
> Joking aside, what is your reason what not making EMSK available to
> lower layer, while doing so for MSK is ok? What is the fundamental
> difference.
> >=20
[Joe] If you pass the EMSK to the lower layer it becomes effectively the
same as the MSK.  If you want use the EMSK to key an independent
application that uses a different authenticator the security of that
application becomes completely dependent upon the lower layer its
authenticator. =20

> > In both cases we require deletion of EMSK after generation of AMSK,=20
> > why?
> >=20
> [Joe] To minimize the chance of exposure of the EMSK.  Why do you need
> to cache it? Could you generate and cache an AMSK instead? =20
>=20
> Madjid>>because a priori I cannot know how many AMSKs I may=20
> need later.
> An application may pop up later that needs keying or I move to a
> different domain that may require a new AMSK, but I cannot anticipate
> the move ahead of time...
>=20
[Joe] A different application I may understand although it seems the
system typically knows the applications that are in use.  If you don't
I'm not sure how can authorize the distribution of keys.  For the
handoff case consider deriving an Handoff AMSK from the EMSK.  This
handoff AMSK becomes the root of all keys used for handoff. When you
move you derive a key from the handoff AMSK.=20

>=20
> > Thanks,
> >=20
> > Madjid
> >=20
> > -----Original Message-----
> > From: Salowey, Joe [mailto:jsalowey@cisco.com]
> > Sent: Wednesday, March 01, 2006 5:17 PM
> > To: Nakhjiri Madjid-MNAKHJI1; Rafa Marin Lopez; Bernard Aboba
> > Cc: eap@frascone.com
> > Subject: RE: [eap] Strawman -10
> >=20
> > =20
> >=20
> > > -----Original Message-----
> > > From: Nakhjiri Madjid-MNAKHJI1=20
> [mailto:Madjid.Nakhjiri@motorola.com]
> > > Sent: Wednesday, March 01, 2006 2:38 PM
> > > To: Rafa Marin Lopez; Bernard Aboba
> > > Cc: eap@frascone.com
> > > Subject: RE: [eap] Strawman -10
> > >=20
> > > Madjid>>Again, why is deletion of EMSK after generation of
> > > one AMSK is a
> > > requirements. What if we need to create multiple AMSKs=20
> and that at=20
> > > multiple occassions?
> > >=20
> > >=20
> > >=20
> > > Well, actually, lower layer authenticator implementation
> > should expect
> > > (MSK,EMSK) in the case EAP method is executed by the standalone=20
> > > authenticator or (MSK,AMSK) in the case EAP method is executed by=20
> > > backend authentication server. If it receives (MSK,EMSK)
> > should create
> >=20
> > > AMSK and delete EMSK. If it receives (MSK,AMSK) , that's
> > all, correct?
> >=20
> > [Joe] Not really, strictly speaking the lower layer=20
> shouldn't expect=20
> > to receive the EMSK as that would break mode independence.  An=20
> > architectural description should not have the lower layer receiving=20
> > the keys. From a supplicant perspective it must appear the same=20
> > whether an external EAP-Server or a collocated EAP server is used. =20
> > Now I don't know what is going on inside your box, it could all be=20
> > monolithic when a internal EAP server is used but that shouldn't be=20
> > visible to the external world.  If I was interested in=20
> cryptographic=20
> > module separation I might not be too happy if you shared=20
> the EMSK with
>=20
> > the lower layer.
> >=20
> > > _________________________________________________________________
> > > To unsubscribe or modify your subscription options, please visit:
> > > http://lists.frascone.com/mailman/listinfo/eap
> > >=20
> > > Arhives: http://lists.frascone.com/pipermail/eap
> > >=20
> >=20
>=20
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Subject: RE: [eap] About use of EMSK
Date: Mon, 6 Mar 2006 10:11:54 -0800
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=20
> For example (RFC 4137):
>=20
<snip>
>=20
> My question is : is it expected another interface (different=20
> than "aaaEapKeyData (EAP key)") to provide keys to AAA=20
> server? or could AAA server use for example something like m.getKey()
> to obtain a particular key from EAP method?.
>=20
[Joe] I don't think the EAP state machine took into acount EMSK usage.
I would expect there would need to be an interface for retrieving AMSKs.


> >but given the choices my answer
> >is the EAP method layer.=20
> > =20
> >
> In that case, why would EAP method need to export EMSK?.
>=20
[Joe] It wouldn't. =20

> Thanks.
>=20
> --=20
> ------------------------------------------------------
> Rafael Marin Lopez
> Faculty of Computer Science-University of Murcia
> 30071 Murcia - Spain
> Telf: +34968367645    e-mail: rafa@dif.um.es
> ------------------------------------------------------
>=20
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Subject: RE: [eap] Issue 337:  Removal of Appendix A
Date: Mon, 6 Mar 2006 10:14:10 -0800
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Thread-Topic: [eap] Issue 337:  Removal of Appendix A
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From: "Salowey, Joe" <jsalowey@cisco.com>
To: "Jari Arkko" <jari.arkko@piuha.net>,
	"Bernard Aboba" <bernard_aboba@hotmail.com>
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Sounds good.=20

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Jari Arkko [mailto:jari.arkko@piuha.net]=20
> Sent: Monday, March 06, 2006 1:52 AM
> To: Bernard Aboba
> Cc: eap@frascone.com
> Subject: Re: [eap] Issue 337: Removal of Appendix A
>=20
> Right. Very good.
>=20
> Bernard Aboba wrote:
>=20
> > Issue 337: Removal of Appendix A
> > Submitter name: Bernard Aboba
> > Submitter email address: aboba@internaut.com
> > Date Submitted: February 25, 2006
> > Reference: http://lists.frascone.com/pipermail/eap/msg03993.html
> > Document: KEYING-09
> > Comment type: E
> > Priority: 1
> > Section: Appendix A
> > Rationale/Explanation of issue:
> >
> > The material in Appendix A has now been included in RFC=20
> 2716bis. As a=20
> > result, it is no longer needed in the EAP Keying Framework. It is=20
> > recommended that this Appendix be deleted.
> >
> >
> > _________________________________________________________________
> > To unsubscribe or modify your subscription options, please visit:
> > http://lists.frascone.com/mailman/listinfo/eap
> >
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> >
> >
>=20
> _________________________________________________________________
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Subject: RE: [eap] Proposed Resolution to Issue 326: Identifiers
Date: Mon, 6 Mar 2006 10:14:35 -0800
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OK=20

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Bernard Aboba [mailto:bernard_aboba@hotmail.com]=20
> Sent: Sunday, March 05, 2006 8:12 PM
> To: eap@frascone.com
> Subject: [eap] Proposed Resolution to Issue 326: Identifiers
>=20
> The text of Issue 326 is enclosed below.  The proposed=20
> resolution is as=20
> follows:
>=20
> In Section 1, change:
>=20
> "The combination of the Peer-ID and Server-ID uniquely specifies the
> endpoints of the EAP method exchange."
>=20
> To:
>=20
> "The combination of the Peer-ID and Server-ID may uniquely specify the
> endpoints of the EAP method exchange when they are provided."
>=20
> --------------------------------------------------------------
> ------------------------------------------
> Issue 326: Identifiers
> Submitter name: Joe Salowey
> Submitter email address: jsalowey@cisco.com
> Date Submitted: December 1, 2005
> Reference:
> Document: Keying-08
> Comment type: T
> Priority: 1
> Section: 1
> Rationale/Explanation of issue:
>=20
> "  EAP methods also MAY export method-specific peer and server
>    identifiers (peer-ID and server-ID), a method-specific EAP
>    conversation identifier known as the Method-ID, and the lifetime of
>    the exported keys, known the Key-Lifetime.   EAP methods MAY also
>    support the import and export of Channel Bindings.  New EAP method
>    specifications MUST define the Peer-ID, Server-ID and=20
> Method-ID. The
>    combination of the Peer-ID and Server-ID uniquely specifies the
>    endpoints of the EAP method exchange."
>=20
> It seems that additional data associated with the identity should be
> exported to satisfy section 1.3.  Suggestion is to add this and call
> them identity attributes.
>=20
> In this paragraph it states that the "Peer-ID and Server-ID uniquely
> specifies the=A0=A0endpoints of the EAP method exchange", however=20
> further down=20
> it states
> that these quantities may be null.  This is contradictory.  Suggested
> modification to above text:
>=20
> "The combination of the Peer-ID and Server-ID may uniquely specify the
> endpoints of the EAP method exchange if the method supports=20
> unique IDs."
>=20
>=20
> _________________________________________________________________
> To unsubscribe or modify your subscription options, please visit:
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Subject: RE: [eap] Strawman -10/EMSK deletion requirement?
Date: Mon, 6 Mar 2006 13:36:25 -0500
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From: "Avi Lior" <avi@bridgewatersystems.com>
To: "Salowey, Joe" <jsalowey@cisco.com>,
	"Nakhjiri Madjid-MNAKHJI1" <Madjid.Nakhjiri@motorola.com>,
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Hi Joe,

I have something to say about both your replies to I included them
together.


>=20
> Hi Madjid
>=20
> Seems that there a lot of good reasons for keeping EMSK around after=20
> it is used to generate AMSKs.  Hopefully everyone gets that.
>=20
[Joe] No. After the AMSKs are generated what are you going to do with
the EMSK?  The purpos of the EMSK is to generate AMSKs.  =20

I think it is sufficient to say that exactly what you said: "The purpose
of the EMSK is to generate AMSKs."

Why should we generate all the AMSKs at once?  A session may have
several applications that may require AMSK.  Some applications will be
used 100% of the time, some application will be used rarely.  Why should
an implmeentation genrate an AMSK and cache it just in case it will need
the key?  That doesn't make sense.


> -----Original Message-----
> From: Salowey, Joe [mailto:jsalowey@cisco.com]=20
> Sent: Monday, March 06, 2006 12:46 PM
> To: Avi Lior; Nakhjiri Madjid-MNAKHJI1; Rafa Marin Lopez;=20
> Bernard Aboba
> Cc: eap@frascone.com
> Subject: RE: [eap] Strawman -10/EMSK deletion requirement?
>=20
> =20
>=20
> > -----Original Message-----
> > From: Avi Lior [mailto:avi@bridgewatersystems.com]
> > Sent: Thursday, March 02, 2006 12:16 PM
> > To: Salowey, Joe; Nakhjiri Madjid-MNAKHJI1; Rafa Marin=20
> Lopez; Bernard=20
> > Aboba
> > Cc: eap@frascone.com
> > Subject: RE: [eap] Strawman -10/EMSK deletion requirement?
> >=20
> > Hi Joe and Madjid,
> >=20
> > The only reason for caching the EMSK is if you have to generate an=20
> > AMSK for another application associated with the current session.
> >=20
> > So the question is do you have to generate all possible=20
> AMSKs and then=20
> > delete the EMSK or can you generate the AMSKs as needed?
> >=20
> [Joe] I understand that there may be need for caching of=20
> certain quantities.  I think Jari explained it well in a=20
> separate message.  In my opinion you should try to identify=20
> the applications in use and the keys needed as early as=20
> possible. =20
I disagree.  I think from a resource point of view we should not genrate
keys for something that we may not be using.  At any rate this needs to
be an implmeentation choice and we should not prohibit this choice in a
standard.

> If this is not possible then caching of the MSK=20
> may be necessary. =20

I think you mean EMSK not MSK. Right?

If yes, we agree then caching of EMSK may be necessary.  Great!!!

I don't think we should write a specification that MUST require an
implmeentation to dervie all the keys that it is necessary on the chance
that the keys may be needed. =20

I do agree that EMSK MUST ONLY BE USED for key derivation (AMSKs) and
MUST NOT be transported out of the EAP Authentication Server layer.

> Do we have examples where the caching of=20
> the EMSK is necessary. =20

What if I don't have an example today?  Does that mean that in the
future I won't? or that somewhere in the world someone does have such a
need?

> In the case where key caching is used=20
> the cache needs to be managed.  If we are caching EMSKs then=20
> the document that describes EMSK usage must describe how key=20
> cache can be managed.=20

I agree.
=20
>=20
> > Finally I have an slight issue with the statement that a=20
> KEY should be=20
> > deleted so that it wont be used for other purposes.  I find that=20
> > statements like that are an over specification.  What makes anyone=20
> > think that making a statement that "X should/must be=20
> deleted" is going=20
> > to be taken more seriously then "X should/must only be used for=20
> > purpose X and should/must not be transported out of Y"?
> >=20
> > I think that whether it gets deleted or not is an implementation=20
> > issue.
> >=20
>=20
> [Joe] The goal of the architecture is to prevent the re-use=20
> of keys for multiple different purposes.  I agree that this=20
> is not necessarily the same a deletion.  It is very important=20
> that keys derived from the EMSK don't collide purposes across=20
> applications. =20

I agree and therefore lets stick to the important issue and drop the
deletion argument.  The important issue being that EMSK shall be used
for AMSK derivation and for no other purpose.

> What happens in a particular AMSK branch of=20
> the key hierarchy is not necessarily as important since this=20
> branch is cryptographically separated from the rest of the=20
> system through the AMSK derivation.  I think the current text=20
> could probably do better in motivating why it is good=20
> practice to delete keys. =20

I don't think we need to talk about key deletion at all, except when it
comes to the key's end-of-life or end of session.  I think we need to
stress exactly what you said.

=20
> > Finally if we insist on saying that X must be deleted we=20
> should really=20
> > say that X must be securely deleted.  There is a difference.
> > When a key
> > is securely deleted the software takes extra care that the memory=20
> > location containing the key is first erased before the=20
> memory location=20
> > is freed to the heap.  Perhaps we can state that somewhere.
> >=20
> > > -----Original Message-----
> > > From: Salowey, Joe [mailto:jsalowey@cisco.com]
> > > Sent: Thursday, March 02, 2006 2:49 PM
> > > To: Nakhjiri Madjid-MNAKHJI1; Rafa Marin Lopez; Bernard Aboba
> > > Cc: eap@frascone.com
> > > Subject: RE: [eap] Strawman -10/EMSK deletion requirement?
> > >=20
> > > =20
> > >=20
> > > > -----Original Message-----
> > > > From: Nakhjiri Madjid-MNAKHJI1
> > [mailto:Madjid.Nakhjiri@motorola.com]
> > > > Sent: Thursday, March 02, 2006 8:44 AM
> > > > To: Salowey, Joe; Rafa Marin Lopez; Bernard Aboba
> > > > Cc: eap@frascone.com
> > > > Subject: RE: [eap] Strawman -10/EMSK deletion requirement?
> > > >=20
> > > > Hi Joe,
> > > >=20
> > > > Thanks for the email. I think you responded to the old
> > piece of the
> > > > email from Rafa and I am to blame for causing that
> > confusion, as I
> > > > kept that part to provide context.
> > > > Again, my question was why an entity needs to delete EMSK after=20
> > > > generating the first AMSK (or first set of AMSKs?)? This
> > > seems to be
> > > > the requirement regardless of two options:
> > > >=20
> > > > 1) keep EMSK at EAP layer, create AMSK at EAP layer based
> > > request from
> > > > AAA layer, delete EMSK Immediately (this means EAP layer
> > must have
> > > > KDFs for AMSK=3DKDF(EMSK, etc)
> > > > 2) push EMSK down to AAA layer at backend server, create
> > > AMSK at AAA
> > > > layer and delete EMSK immediately (this means AAA layer=20
> must have
> > > > KDFs)
> > > >
> > > [Joe] If the AAA layer contains the AAA client and AAA=20
> server then=20
> > > the EMSK should not be available to this layer, if the AAA layer=20
> > > means something else then I don't know about (1).
> > > The AMSK should be generated in the EAP and exported, option (2).
> > > =20
> > > >=20
> > > > In both cases we require deletion of EMSK after
> > generation of AMSK,
> > > > why?
> > > >=20
> > > [Joe] To minimize the chance of exposure of the EMSK.  Why do you=20
> > > need to cache it? Could you generate and cache an AMSK
> > instead? =20
> > >=20
> > >=20
> > > > Thanks,
> > > >=20
> > > > Madjid
> > > >=20
> > > > -----Original Message-----
> > > > From: Salowey, Joe [mailto:jsalowey@cisco.com]
> > > > Sent: Wednesday, March 01, 2006 5:17 PM
> > > > To: Nakhjiri Madjid-MNAKHJI1; Rafa Marin Lopez; Bernard Aboba
> > > > Cc: eap@frascone.com
> > > > Subject: RE: [eap] Strawman -10
> > > >=20
> > > > =20
> > > >=20
> > > > > -----Original Message-----
> > > > > From: Nakhjiri Madjid-MNAKHJI1
> > > [mailto:Madjid.Nakhjiri@motorola.com]
> > > > > Sent: Wednesday, March 01, 2006 2:38 PM
> > > > > To: Rafa Marin Lopez; Bernard Aboba
> > > > > Cc: eap@frascone.com
> > > > > Subject: RE: [eap] Strawman -10
> > > > >=20
> > > > > Madjid>>Again, why is deletion of EMSK after generation of
> > > > > one AMSK is a
> > > > > requirements. What if we need to create multiple AMSKs
> > > and that at
> > > > > multiple occassions?
> > > > >=20
> > > > >=20
> > > > >=20
> > > > > Well, actually, lower layer authenticator implementation
> > > > should expect
> > > > > (MSK,EMSK) in the case EAP method is executed by the=20
> standalone=20
> > > > > authenticator or (MSK,AMSK) in the case EAP method is
> > executed by
> > > > > backend authentication server. If it receives (MSK,EMSK)
> > > > should create
> > > >=20
> > > > > AMSK and delete EMSK. If it receives (MSK,AMSK) , that's
> > > > all, correct?
> > > >=20
> > > > [Joe] Not really, strictly speaking the lower layer
> > > shouldn't expect
> > > > to receive the EMSK as that would break mode independence.  An=20
> > > > architectural description should not have the lower layer
> > receiving
> > > > the keys. From a supplicant perspective it must appear the same=20
> > > > whether an external EAP-Server or a collocated EAP server
> > is used. =20
> > > > Now I don't know what is going on inside your box, it
> > could all be
> > > > monolithic when a internal EAP server is used but that
> > shouldn't be
> > > > visible to the external world.  If I was interested in
> > > cryptographic
> > > > module separation I might not be too happy if you shared
> > > the EMSK with
> > > > the lower layer.
> > > >=20
> > > > >=20
> > _________________________________________________________________
> > > > > To unsubscribe or modify your subscription options,
> > please visit:
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> > > > >=20
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> > > >=20
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> >=20
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Subject: RE: [eap] Strawman -10/EMSK deletion requirement?
Date: Mon, 6 Mar 2006 10:56:44 -0800
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From: "Salowey, Joe" <jsalowey@cisco.com>
To: "Avi Lior" <avi@bridgewatersystems.com>,
	"Nakhjiri Madjid-MNAKHJI1" <Madjid.Nakhjiri@motorola.com>,
	"Rafa Marin Lopez" <rafa@dif.um.es>,
	"Bernard Aboba" <bernard_aboba@hotmail.com>
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=20

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Avi Lior [mailto:avi@bridgewatersystems.com]=20
> Sent: Monday, March 06, 2006 10:36 AM
> To: Salowey, Joe; Nakhjiri Madjid-MNAKHJI1; Rafa Marin Lopez;=20
> Bernard Aboba
> Cc: eap@frascone.com
> Subject: RE: [eap] Strawman -10/EMSK deletion requirement?
>=20
> Hi Joe,
>=20
> I have something to say about both your replies to I included them
> together.
>=20
>=20
> >=20
> > Hi Madjid
> >=20
> > Seems that there a lot of good reasons for keeping EMSK=20
> around after=20
> > it is used to generate AMSKs.  Hopefully everyone gets that.
> >=20
> [Joe] No. After the AMSKs are generated what are you going to do with
> the EMSK?  The purpos of the EMSK is to generate AMSKs.  =20
>=20
> I think it is sufficient to say that exactly what you said:=20
> "The purpose
> of the EMSK is to generate AMSKs."
>=20
[Joe] OK great. SO in the above you meant keeping the EMSK around to
generate AMSKs after the EAP authentication transaction has completed.=20

> Why should we generate all the AMSKs at once?  A session may have
> several applications that may require AMSK.  Some applications will be
> used 100% of the time, some application will be used rarely. =20
> Why should
> an implmeentation genrate an AMSK and cache it just in case=20
> it will need
> the key?  That doesn't make sense.
>=20
[Joe] OK so as an optimization an entity can cache the EMSK so it could
generate the AMSK "just in time". I'm not sure how much of an
optimization would be, but I suppose there could be a few applications
that use this mechanism. If we do this we need to manage the cache, how
are entries identified, so they can be retrieved and deleted. We have a
key name so the key can be identified, although there may be an issue if
there are multiple caches as to which cache contains the right keys.=20

>=20
> > -----Original Message-----
> > From: Salowey, Joe [mailto:jsalowey@cisco.com]=20
> > Sent: Monday, March 06, 2006 12:46 PM
> > To: Avi Lior; Nakhjiri Madjid-MNAKHJI1; Rafa Marin Lopez;=20
> > Bernard Aboba
> > Cc: eap@frascone.com
> > Subject: RE: [eap] Strawman -10/EMSK deletion requirement?
> >=20
> > =20
> >=20
> > > -----Original Message-----
> > > From: Avi Lior [mailto:avi@bridgewatersystems.com]
> > > Sent: Thursday, March 02, 2006 12:16 PM
> > > To: Salowey, Joe; Nakhjiri Madjid-MNAKHJI1; Rafa Marin=20
> > Lopez; Bernard=20
> > > Aboba
> > > Cc: eap@frascone.com
> > > Subject: RE: [eap] Strawman -10/EMSK deletion requirement?
> > >=20
> > > Hi Joe and Madjid,
> > >=20
> > > The only reason for caching the EMSK is if you have to=20
> generate an=20
> > > AMSK for another application associated with the current session.
> > >=20
> > > So the question is do you have to generate all possible=20
> > AMSKs and then=20
> > > delete the EMSK or can you generate the AMSKs as needed?
> > >=20
> > [Joe] I understand that there may be need for caching of=20
> > certain quantities.  I think Jari explained it well in a=20
> > separate message.  In my opinion you should try to identify=20
> > the applications in use and the keys needed as early as=20
> > possible. =20
> I disagree.  I think from a resource point of view we should=20
> not genrate
> keys for something that we may not be using.  At any rate=20
> this needs to
> be an implmeentation choice and we should not prohibit this=20
> choice in a
> standard.
>=20
> > If this is not possible then caching of the MSK=20
> > may be necessary. =20
>=20
> I think you mean EMSK not MSK. Right?
>=20
> If yes, we agree then caching of EMSK may be necessary.  Great!!!
>=20
> I don't think we should write a specification that MUST require an
> implmeentation to dervie all the keys that it is necessary on=20
> the chance
> that the keys may be needed. =20
>=20
> I do agree that EMSK MUST ONLY BE USED for key derivation (AMSKs) and
> MUST NOT be transported out of the EAP Authentication Server layer.
>=20
> > Do we have examples where the caching of=20
> > the EMSK is necessary. =20
>=20
> What if I don't have an example today?  Does that mean that in the
> future I won't? or that somewhere in the world someone does=20
> have such a
> need?
>=20
> > In the case where key caching is used=20
> > the cache needs to be managed.  If we are caching EMSKs then=20
> > the document that describes EMSK usage must describe how key=20
> > cache can be managed.=20
>=20
> I agree.
> =20
> >=20
> > > Finally I have an slight issue with the statement that a=20
> > KEY should be=20
> > > deleted so that it wont be used for other purposes.  I find that=20
> > > statements like that are an over specification.  What=20
> makes anyone=20
> > > think that making a statement that "X should/must be=20
> > deleted" is going=20
> > > to be taken more seriously then "X should/must only be used for=20
> > > purpose X and should/must not be transported out of Y"?
> > >=20
> > > I think that whether it gets deleted or not is an implementation=20
> > > issue.
> > >=20
> >=20
> > [Joe] The goal of the architecture is to prevent the re-use=20
> > of keys for multiple different purposes.  I agree that this=20
> > is not necessarily the same a deletion.  It is very important=20
> > that keys derived from the EMSK don't collide purposes across=20
> > applications. =20
>=20
> I agree and therefore lets stick to the important issue and drop the
> deletion argument.  The important issue being that EMSK shall be used
> for AMSK derivation and for no other purpose.
>=20
> > What happens in a particular AMSK branch of=20
> > the key hierarchy is not necessarily as important since this=20
> > branch is cryptographically separated from the rest of the=20
> > system through the AMSK derivation.  I think the current text=20
> > could probably do better in motivating why it is good=20
> > practice to delete keys. =20
>=20
> I don't think we need to talk about key deletion at all,=20
> except when it
> comes to the key's end-of-life or end of session.  I think we need to
> stress exactly what you said.
>=20
> =20
> > > Finally if we insist on saying that X must be deleted we=20
> > should really=20
> > > say that X must be securely deleted.  There is a difference.
> > > When a key
> > > is securely deleted the software takes extra care that the memory=20
> > > location containing the key is first erased before the=20
> > memory location=20
> > > is freed to the heap.  Perhaps we can state that somewhere.
> > >=20
> > > > -----Original Message-----
> > > > From: Salowey, Joe [mailto:jsalowey@cisco.com]
> > > > Sent: Thursday, March 02, 2006 2:49 PM
> > > > To: Nakhjiri Madjid-MNAKHJI1; Rafa Marin Lopez; Bernard Aboba
> > > > Cc: eap@frascone.com
> > > > Subject: RE: [eap] Strawman -10/EMSK deletion requirement?
> > > >=20
> > > > =20
> > > >=20
> > > > > -----Original Message-----
> > > > > From: Nakhjiri Madjid-MNAKHJI1
> > > [mailto:Madjid.Nakhjiri@motorola.com]
> > > > > Sent: Thursday, March 02, 2006 8:44 AM
> > > > > To: Salowey, Joe; Rafa Marin Lopez; Bernard Aboba
> > > > > Cc: eap@frascone.com
> > > > > Subject: RE: [eap] Strawman -10/EMSK deletion requirement?
> > > > >=20
> > > > > Hi Joe,
> > > > >=20
> > > > > Thanks for the email. I think you responded to the old
> > > piece of the
> > > > > email from Rafa and I am to blame for causing that
> > > confusion, as I
> > > > > kept that part to provide context.
> > > > > Again, my question was why an entity needs to delete=20
> EMSK after=20
> > > > > generating the first AMSK (or first set of AMSKs?)? This
> > > > seems to be
> > > > > the requirement regardless of two options:
> > > > >=20
> > > > > 1) keep EMSK at EAP layer, create AMSK at EAP layer based
> > > > request from
> > > > > AAA layer, delete EMSK Immediately (this means EAP layer
> > > must have
> > > > > KDFs for AMSK=3DKDF(EMSK, etc)
> > > > > 2) push EMSK down to AAA layer at backend server, create
> > > > AMSK at AAA
> > > > > layer and delete EMSK immediately (this means AAA layer=20
> > must have
> > > > > KDFs)
> > > > >
> > > > [Joe] If the AAA layer contains the AAA client and AAA=20
> > server then=20
> > > > the EMSK should not be available to this layer, if the=20
> AAA layer=20
> > > > means something else then I don't know about (1).
> > > > The AMSK should be generated in the EAP and exported,=20
> option (2).
> > > > =20
> > > > >=20
> > > > > In both cases we require deletion of EMSK after
> > > generation of AMSK,
> > > > > why?
> > > > >=20
> > > > [Joe] To minimize the chance of exposure of the EMSK. =20
> Why do you=20
> > > > need to cache it? Could you generate and cache an AMSK
> > > instead? =20
> > > >=20
> > > >=20
> > > > > Thanks,
> > > > >=20
> > > > > Madjid
> > > > >=20
> > > > > -----Original Message-----
> > > > > From: Salowey, Joe [mailto:jsalowey@cisco.com]
> > > > > Sent: Wednesday, March 01, 2006 5:17 PM
> > > > > To: Nakhjiri Madjid-MNAKHJI1; Rafa Marin Lopez; Bernard Aboba
> > > > > Cc: eap@frascone.com
> > > > > Subject: RE: [eap] Strawman -10
> > > > >=20
> > > > > =20
> > > > >=20
> > > > > > -----Original Message-----
> > > > > > From: Nakhjiri Madjid-MNAKHJI1
> > > > [mailto:Madjid.Nakhjiri@motorola.com]
> > > > > > Sent: Wednesday, March 01, 2006 2:38 PM
> > > > > > To: Rafa Marin Lopez; Bernard Aboba
> > > > > > Cc: eap@frascone.com
> > > > > > Subject: RE: [eap] Strawman -10
> > > > > >=20
> > > > > > Madjid>>Again, why is deletion of EMSK after generation of
> > > > > > one AMSK is a
> > > > > > requirements. What if we need to create multiple AMSKs
> > > > and that at
> > > > > > multiple occassions?
> > > > > >=20
> > > > > >=20
> > > > > >=20
> > > > > > Well, actually, lower layer authenticator implementation
> > > > > should expect
> > > > > > (MSK,EMSK) in the case EAP method is executed by the=20
> > standalone=20
> > > > > > authenticator or (MSK,AMSK) in the case EAP method is
> > > executed by
> > > > > > backend authentication server. If it receives (MSK,EMSK)
> > > > > should create
> > > > >=20
> > > > > > AMSK and delete EMSK. If it receives (MSK,AMSK) , that's
> > > > > all, correct?
> > > > >=20
> > > > > [Joe] Not really, strictly speaking the lower layer
> > > > shouldn't expect
> > > > > to receive the EMSK as that would break mode=20
> independence.  An=20
> > > > > architectural description should not have the lower layer
> > > receiving
> > > > > the keys. From a supplicant perspective it must=20
> appear the same=20
> > > > > whether an external EAP-Server or a collocated EAP server
> > > is used. =20
> > > > > Now I don't know what is going on inside your box, it
> > > could all be
> > > > > monolithic when a internal EAP server is used but that
> > > shouldn't be
> > > > > visible to the external world.  If I was interested in
> > > > cryptographic
> > > > > module separation I might not be too happy if you shared
> > > > the EMSK with
> > > > > the lower layer.
> > > > >=20
> > > > > >=20
> > > _________________________________________________________________
> > > > > > To unsubscribe or modify your subscription options,
> > > please visit:
> > > > > > http://lists.frascone.com/mailman/listinfo/eap
> > > > > >=20
> > > > > > Arhives: http://lists.frascone.com/pipermail/eap
> > > > > >=20
> > > > >=20
> > > >=20
> _________________________________________________________________
> > > > To unsubscribe or modify your subscription options,=20
> please visit:
> > > > http://lists.frascone.com/mailman/listinfo/eap
> > > >=20
> > > > Arhives: http://lists.frascone.com/pipermail/eap
> > > >=20
> > >=20
> >=20
>=20
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Subject: RE: [eap] Strawman -10/EMSK deletion requirement?
Date: Mon, 6 Mar 2006 14:04:47 -0500
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From: "Nakhjiri Madjid-MNAKHJI1" <Madjid.Nakhjiri@motorola.com>
To: "Jari Arkko" <jari.arkko@piuha.net>
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Hi Jari,

I am not saying you have to have multiple AMSKs for multiple
technologies, but I was providing an example as a case where people may
want to. I don't happen to be one of them, at least not for a single AAA
domain.

Anyhow, as far as  "<x> MUST be deleted after <y>" and "<x> MUST be only
used for <y>", I agree there are no differences IF and ONLY IF <y> needs
to happen only once. I.e. if you use EMSK for generation of multiple
AMSKs at various times, then EMSK should not be deleted. You can still
require that EMSK is only used for authorized AMSK generation, under
whatever conditions that are set. But you cannot create AMSK later after
EMSK is deleted.

Madjid=20

-----Original Message-----
From: Jari Arkko [mailto:jari.arkko@piuha.net]=20
Sent: Sunday, March 05, 2006 1:30 PM
To: Nakhjiri Madjid-MNAKHJI1
Cc: Avi Lior; Salowey, Joe; Rafa Marin Lopez; Bernard Aboba;
eap@frascone.com
Subject: Re: [eap] Strawman -10/EMSK deletion requirement?

Madjid, Avi,

>The only reason for caching the EMSK is if you have to generate an AMSK

>for another application associated with the current session.
>
>Madjid>> Thank you for clarification. Another example may be roaming to
>another access technology!!
>
>So the question is do you have to generate all possible AMSKs and then=20
>delete the EMSK or can you generate the AMSKs as needed?
>
>Madjid>>i.e. keep EMSK for future AMSK generation. The first option=20
>Madjid>>will
>create the need for running EAP again.
>
> =20
>
We have discussed this before... I do not see an issue for handoffs to
another access. If your AAA server supports this then it derives
AMSK_ho_root from EMSK, deletes EMSK but keeps the derived key. Once a
need to do a handoff arrives, you derive AMSK_ho_key1 from AMSK_ho_root,
next time you will derive AMSK_ho_key2, etc.

Having said that, I do agree with Avi that there's really no substantial
difference between "<x> MUST be deleted after <y>" and "<x> MUST be only
used for <y>", except maybe some implementation note describing that it
would be a good idea to securely delete the value once you know that <y>
is done.

But part of this debate is really not about whether the key should be
deleted, but rather about whether we know the applications a priori. I
think there are practical and security reasons why it is a good idea to
set a requirement that the applications are known a priori. First of
all, there are no surprises to the AAA server; it needs have specific
authorization to serve a particular application. (Possibly even specific
code.) Secondly, as we are currently in a world where the AAA servers
cache no keys at all, we need to avoid a situation where AAA servers end
up storing a lot of key state and have no way of knowing when it is
needed. Finally, security-wise I want to know what my EAP authentication
somewhere means. I, as the end user, do not want surprises. It is better
to limit the set of applications of the keys at the beginning. Note that
if you want, you can set up state for handoff/SIP/MIP even if you do not
know they will actually be used; you set the state and keys based on the
user's authorization profile.

Based on the above, I still like the design where we know the possible
applications (and AMSKs) at the first authentication.
But we could write the text slightly differently, based on what you Avi
suggested.

--Jari

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Subject: RE: [eap] Strawman -10/EMSK deletion requirement?
Date: Mon, 6 Mar 2006 14:05:15 -0500
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From: "Nakhjiri Madjid-MNAKHJI1" <Madjid.Nakhjiri@motorola.com>
To: "Avi Lior" <avi@bridgewatersystems.com>,
	"Salowey, Joe" <jsalowey@cisco.com>,
	"Rafa Marin Lopez" <rafa@dif.um.es>,
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Exactly my point. Thank you.=20

-----Original Message-----
From: Avi Lior [mailto:avi@bridgewatersystems.com]=20
Sent: Sunday, March 05, 2006 9:09 AM
To: Nakhjiri Madjid-MNAKHJI1; Salowey, Joe; Rafa Marin Lopez; Bernard
Aboba
Cc: eap@frascone.com
Subject: RE: [eap] Strawman -10/EMSK deletion requirement?

Hi Madjid=20

Seems that there a lot of good reasons for keeping EMSK around after it
is used to generate AMSKs.  Hopefully everyone gets that.


> -----Original Message-----
> From: Nakhjiri Madjid-MNAKHJI1 [mailto:Madjid.Nakhjiri@motorola.com]
> Sent: Friday, March 03, 2006 6:21 PM
> To: Avi Lior; Salowey, Joe; Rafa Marin Lopez; Bernard Aboba
> Cc: eap@frascone.com
> Subject: RE: [eap] Strawman -10/EMSK deletion requirement?
>=20
> Hi Avi,
>=20
> -----Original Message-----
> From: Avi Lior [mailto:avi@bridgewatersystems.com]
> Sent: Thursday, March 02, 2006 2:16 PM
> To: Salowey, Joe; Nakhjiri Madjid-MNAKHJI1; Rafa Marin Lopez; Bernard=20
> Aboba
> Cc: eap@frascone.com
> Subject: RE: [eap] Strawman -10/EMSK deletion requirement?
>=20
> Hi Joe and Madjid,
>=20
> The only reason for caching the EMSK is if you have to generate an=20
> AMSK for another application associated with the current session.
>=20
> Madjid>> Thank you for clarification. Another example may be
> roaming to
> another access technology!!
>=20
> So the question is do you have to generate all possible AMSKs and then

> delete the EMSK or can you generate the AMSKs as needed?
>=20
> Madjid>>i.e. keep EMSK for future AMSK generation. The first
> option will
> create the need for running EAP again.
>=20
> > -----Original Message-----
> > From: Salowey, Joe [mailto:jsalowey@cisco.com]
> > Sent: Thursday, March 02, 2006 2:49 PM
> > To: Nakhjiri Madjid-MNAKHJI1; Rafa Marin Lopez; Bernard Aboba
> > Cc: eap@frascone.com
> > Subject: RE: [eap] Strawman -10/EMSK deletion requirement?
> >=20
> > =20
> >=20
> > > -----Original Message-----
> > > From: Nakhjiri Madjid-MNAKHJI1
> [mailto:Madjid.Nakhjiri@motorola.com]
> > > Sent: Thursday, March 02, 2006 8:44 AM
> > > To: Salowey, Joe; Rafa Marin Lopez; Bernard Aboba
> > > Cc: eap@frascone.com
> > > Subject: RE: [eap] Strawman -10/EMSK deletion requirement?
> > >=20
> > > Hi Joe,
> > >=20
> > > Thanks for the email. I think you responded to the old
> piece of the
> > > email from Rafa and I am to blame for causing that
> confusion, as I
> > > kept that part to provide context.
> > > Again, my question was why an entity needs to delete EMSK after=20
> > > generating the first AMSK (or first set of AMSKs?)? This
> > seems to be
> > > the requirement regardless of two options:
> > >=20
> > > 1) keep EMSK at EAP layer, create AMSK at EAP layer based
> > request from
> > > AAA layer, delete EMSK Immediately (this means EAP layer
> must have
> > > KDFs for AMSK=3DKDF(EMSK, etc)
> > > 2) push EMSK down to AAA layer at backend server, create
> > AMSK at AAA
> > > layer and delete EMSK immediately (this means AAA layer must have
> > > KDFs)
> > >
> > [Joe] If the AAA layer contains the AAA client and AAA
> server then the
>=20
> > EMSK should not be available to this layer, if the AAA layer means=20
> > something else then I don't know about (1).
> > The AMSK should be generated in the EAP and exported, option (2).
> > =20
> > >=20
> > > In both cases we require deletion of EMSK after
> generation of AMSK,
> > > why?
> > >=20
> > [Joe] To minimize the chance of exposure of the EMSK.  Why
> do you need
>=20
> > to cache it? Could you generate and cache an AMSK instead?
> >=20
> >=20
> > > Thanks,
> > >=20
> > > Madjid
> > >=20
> > > -----Original Message-----
> > > From: Salowey, Joe [mailto:jsalowey@cisco.com]
> > > Sent: Wednesday, March 01, 2006 5:17 PM
> > > To: Nakhjiri Madjid-MNAKHJI1; Rafa Marin Lopez; Bernard Aboba
> > > Cc: eap@frascone.com
> > > Subject: RE: [eap] Strawman -10
> > >=20
> > > =20
> > >=20
> > > > -----Original Message-----
> > > > From: Nakhjiri Madjid-MNAKHJI1
> > [mailto:Madjid.Nakhjiri@motorola.com]
> > > > Sent: Wednesday, March 01, 2006 2:38 PM
> > > > To: Rafa Marin Lopez; Bernard Aboba
> > > > Cc: eap@frascone.com
> > > > Subject: RE: [eap] Strawman -10
> > > >=20
> > > > Madjid>>Again, why is deletion of EMSK after generation of
> > > > one AMSK is a
> > > > requirements. What if we need to create multiple AMSKs
> > and that at
> > > > multiple occassions?
> > > >=20
> > > >=20
> > > >=20
> > > > Well, actually, lower layer authenticator implementation
> > > should expect
> > > > (MSK,EMSK) in the case EAP method is executed by the standalone=20
> > > > authenticator or (MSK,AMSK) in the case EAP method is
> executed by
> > > > backend authentication server. If it receives (MSK,EMSK)
> > > should create
> > >=20
> > > > AMSK and delete EMSK. If it receives (MSK,AMSK) , that's
> > > all, correct?
> > >=20
> > > [Joe] Not really, strictly speaking the lower layer
> > shouldn't expect
> > > to receive the EMSK as that would break mode independence.  An=20
> > > architectural description should not have the lower layer
> receiving
> > > the keys. From a supplicant perspective it must appear the same=20
> > > whether an external EAP-Server or a collocated EAP server is used.
> > > Now I don't know what is going on inside your box, it
> could all be
> > > monolithic when a internal EAP server is used but that
> shouldn't be
> > > visible to the external world.  If I was interested in
> > cryptographic
> > > module separation I might not be too happy if you shared
> > the EMSK with
> > > the lower layer.
> > >=20
> > > >=20
> _________________________________________________________________
> > > > To unsubscribe or modify your subscription options,
> please visit:
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> > > >=20
> > > > Arhives: http://lists.frascone.com/pipermail/eap
> > > >=20
> > >=20
> > _________________________________________________________________
> > To unsubscribe or modify your subscription options, please visit:
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> >=20
> > Arhives: http://lists.frascone.com/pipermail/eap
> >=20
>=20
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Avi,

I understand that you feel strongly about the need to use the EMSK
on a per-need basis. But I have some questions for you :-)

1. Ccan you explain what specific technical
problem do you encounter with the proposal that I outlined in
my e-mail, namely that you generate the AMSKs that you need,
and that those AMSKs can be kept around and used for further
generation of keys when the application in question needs more
than one?

Is it just the need to do unnecessary work for keys that
may not be needed for this session? Or is there some
functional difference?

2. Do you have a plan how to manage the cache at the AAA
server side, if there is no agreement a priori that EMSKs
and specific AMSKs are going to be needed?

3. Also, you wrote:

>I do agree that EMSK MUST ONLY BE USED for key derivation (AMSKs) and
>  
>
What specific purpose did you have in mind for the EMSK? Do you plan
to use the entire EMSK for some specific application you had in
mind? What if other applications want to use it too?

4. And you wrote

>MUST NOT be transported out of the EAP Authentication Server layer.
>
Ok. This is the issue that I wrote another e-mail about (the one with
choices 1a, 1b, 2a, and 2b) -- can you comment on that e-mail what
you want along with the rationale for your choice?

Thanks,

--Jari

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Hi Jari,
Thanks for the much needed analysis on this topic. Please see some
comments below. =20

>=20
>=20
> Here's some analysis of the server vs. lower-layer based EMSK=20
> processing approaches.
>=20
> (1) In the server based approach we keep the EMSK in the=20
> server (perhaps just for a moment) and generate the AMSKs,=20
> which are given to the the different applications, such as=20
> fast handoff mechanisms.
> The use of these applications goes via AAA, e.g., some kind=20
> of key requests or fast re-auth requests can be sent from=20
> NASes to the server. The AMSKs are derived using a KDF which=20
> is decided either (a) by a default plus optional negotiation=20
> in methods or (b) by lower layer negotiation and having AAA=20
> tell the server which KDF to use.
>=20
> (2) In the lower-layer based EMSK processing approach, the=20
> EMSK is delivered to the authenticator along with the MSK.
> KDF is selected either (a) by a default in EAP plus optional=20
> negotiation in methods, choice is communicated to the lower=20
> layer via AAA or (b) by lower layer negotiation alone.
> The lower layer is responsible for all use of the AMSKs in a=20
> local context. That is, no AAA key requests are needed or possible.
>=20
> Discussion about the chosen approach for EMSK use has so far=20
> appeared to assume 1a vs. 2b. Based on the above, it seems=20
> that the KDF negotiation may be a separate issue from who=20
> maintains the EMSK and calculates AMSKs.
> In the following I'll try to analyze these issues.
>=20
> The KDF negotiation is indeed problematic almost no matter=20
> what we do. Requiring new funtionality in methods is in=20
> practice often a non-starter; while we can develop new=20
> methods and update old ones, it is expected that most of=20
> current usage will continue to use the existing methods.=20
> Having a default does not help much either, if the default=20
> becomes broken in the near future.
> But requiring new functionality in link layers it not always=20
> easy either. It would be easy when we are developing a new=20
> link layer and including some EMSK usage as a part of that.=20
> But if we were to use EMSK for some new function over 802.11,=20
> for instance, would there be enough incentive to extend=20
> 802.11 just to make this possible?
>=20
> The choices and their implications are:
>=20
>   (a) Specified default, optional negotiation in EAP methods.
>=20
>        This implies an interface either from methods to the=20
> AAA/EAP server
>        code (for solution 1) or AAA protocol extensions for=20
> solution 2.
>=20
>        Changes in peers, servers, methods, possibly AAA protocols.
>=20
>   (b) Lower layer negotiation.
>=20
>        If used together with solution 1, implies AAA protocol=20
> extensions
>        to communicate the KDF. If used with solution 2, implies AAA
>        protocol extensions to carry the EMSK.
>      =20
>        Changes in lower layers, AAA protocol. No changes in=20
> EAP or methods.
>=20
> Based on this my current preference is (b). I'd be willing to=20
> accept (a), too.
>=20

I am surprised that you are willing to accept (a) :) Given how many
legacy methods are still in use, I'd strongly vote for (b) here. It is
impractical to make changes to methods to accommodate the use of
EMSK/AMSK. As you point out, what we pick here may depend on whether we
pick (1) or (2) below - and (1) makes much more sense to me for reasons
stated below.=20


> The choice between server or lower-layer based EMSK=20
> processing depends on security implications and ease of use=20
> for different purposes.
> The choices are:
>=20
>   (1) Derive AMSKs at the EAP/AAA server.
>=20
>        Implies a AAA protocol extension to retrieve AMSKs.
>=20
>        Changes at the EAP/AAA server, authenticator. New, stateful
>        nature of the EAP/AAA server.
>=20
>   (2) Derive AMSKs at the lower layer.
>=20
>        Implies a AAA protocol extension to carry EMSK to the
>        authenticator.
>=20
>        Small changes at the EAP/AAA server, main functionality in
>        the authenticator.
>=20
>        Hard to see how other nodes than the authenticator would
>        actually use the AMSKs. Traditionally, NAS -> NAS communication
>        has not been easy compared to NAS -> AAA communication.
>=20
> Based on this my current preference is (1). But its a close call.

I agree that (1) makes more sense. In many cases, the AMSKs are slated
for use to bootstrap protocols such as Mobile IP (actually, that seems
to the most pressing practical need so far). So, if the EAP
authenticator were to derive the AMSK, I can't envision an interface
between, say a Mobile IP HA and an EAP authenticator to transport the
AMSK. One can imagine a solution here, but this certainly complicates
the model a whole lot more. It makes much more sense to me to have this
in the EAP server so that the use of AMSKs could be more
straightforward.=20

Also, it makes complete sense that an EAP-based means of bootstrapping
other protocols such as Mobile IP are only used in AAA-based systems.
So, having an SA between an arbitrary entity X (such as a MIP HA) and
the AAA server for transport of keys makes sense (and this is a model
that exists today). I don't see how (2) would be an option for the same
case. I don't see a use for AMSKs (at least not yet) for the EAP
authenticator itself.=20

If we took Mobile IP as an example, one could envision the peer seeking
MIP bootstrapping as part of the EAP authentication, in reaction to
which the EAP server may derive an AMSK. Whether this AMSK gets sent to
the HA right away or gets cached in the EAP server (actually AAA server)
until the HA asks for it is a separate question that needs to be
answered. But, you already noted potential new stateful nature of the
EAP/AAA server in (1) above - so, that would take care of the needs
here.=20

Vidya
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Subject: RE: [eap] Strawman -10/EMSK deletion requirement?
Date: Mon, 6 Mar 2006 15:01:31 -0500
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Thread-Topic: [eap] Strawman -10/EMSK deletion requirement?
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From: "Avi Lior" <avi@bridgewatersystems.com>
To: "Jari Arkko" <jari.arkko@piuha.net>
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Hi Jari,

These are similar to Joe's questions to I will just answer here.  Please
see inline.=20

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Jari Arkko [mailto:jari.arkko@piuha.net]=20
> Sent: Monday, March 06, 2006 2:05 PM
> To: Avi Lior
> Cc: eap@frascone.com
> Subject: Re: [eap] Strawman -10/EMSK deletion requirement?
>=20
> Avi,
>=20
> I understand that you feel strongly about the need to use the=20
> EMSK on a per-need basis. But I have some questions for you :-)
>=20
> 1. Ccan you explain what specific technical problem do you=20
> encounter with the proposal that I outlined in my e-mail,=20
> namely that you generate the AMSKs that you need, and that=20
> those AMSKs can be kept around and used for further=20
> generation of keys when the application in question needs=20
> more than one?

The AMSKs we be application specific right? For example, one application
key for MIP keys, another for access to some other application like
single sign-on to our corporate server etc...

I don't have an issue with the AMSK's.



>=20
> Is it just the need to do unnecessary work for keys that may=20
> not be needed for this session? Or is there some functional=20
> difference?

It is basically this, how do I know which ones to generate during
network access authentication?  I could have lots of them.  Also perhaps
during this session the user requested access to a new application.  I
need a key now.  Should I tear down the session just so I can get a new
EMSK?

> 2. Do you have a plan how to manage the cache at the AAA=20
> server side, if there is no agreement a priori that EMSKs and=20
> specific AMSKs are going to be needed?

EMSK should be bound to a user session. When the user session goes away
so should the EMSK.  If the user session is reauthenticated so should
the EMSK.

> 3. Also, you wrote:
>=20
> >I do agree that EMSK MUST ONLY BE USED for key derivation (AMSKs) and
> > =20
> >
> What specific purpose did you have in mind for the EMSK? Do=20
> you plan to use the entire EMSK for some specific application=20
> you had in mind? What if other applications want to use it too?

EMSK MUST only be used for generating AMSKs.  I would think that using
EMSK for other purpsoses will weakent the EMSK and hence weaken the
AMSKs etc... So this is a very bad thing to do.

>=20
> 4. And you wrote
>=20
> >MUST NOT be transported out of the EAP Authentication Server layer.
> >
> Ok. This is the issue that I wrote another e-mail about (the=20
> one with choices 1a, 1b, 2a, and 2b) -- can you comment on=20
> that e-mail what you want along with the rationale for your choice?

I will go back to that email and comment.


> Thanks,
>=20
> --Jari
>=20
>=20
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Subject: RE: [eap] About use of EMSK
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Jari,

Thanks for putting this together, but I think there is more to it than
you describe.  The approaches (1) and (2) have very different
characteristics and do not provide equivalent protection for the EMSK.
Passing the EMSK to the lower layer limits how it can be used because
now it has been exposed to the lower layer.  Therefore I think anything
based on 2 is unacceptable. =20

More below=20

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Jari Arkko [mailto:jari.arkko@piuha.net]=20
> Sent: Monday, March 06, 2006 1:36 AM
> To: Bernard Aboba
> Cc: eap@frascone.com
> Subject: Re: [eap] About use of EMSK
>=20
>=20
> Here's some analysis of the server vs. lower-layer based
> EMSK processing approaches.
>=20
> (1) In the server based approach we keep the
> EMSK in the server (perhaps just for a moment)
> and generate the AMSKs, which are given to the the
> different applications, such as fast handoff mechanisms.
> The use of these applications goes via AAA, e.g., some kind
> of key requests or fast re-auth requests can be sent from
> NASes to the server. The AMSKs are derived using a KDF
> which is decided either (a) by a default plus optional negotiation
> in methods or (b) by lower layer negotiation and having AAA
> tell the server which KDF to use.
>=20
> (2) In the lower-layer based EMSK processing approach, the
> EMSK is delivered to the authenticator along with the MSK.
> KDF is selected either (a) by a default in EAP plus optional
> negotiation in methods, choice is communicated to the
> lower layer via AAA or (b) by lower layer negotiation alone.
> The lower layer is responsible for all use of the AMSKs
> in a local context. That is, no AAA key requests are needed
> or possible.
>=20
[Joe] Also the EMSK cannot be used securely for any purpose outside of
the lower layer. I don't think (2) is a good choice. =20


> Discussion about the chosen approach for EMSK use has
> so far appeared to assume 1a vs. 2b. Based on the above,
> it seems that the KDF negotiation may be a separate
> issue from who maintains the EMSK and calculates AMSKs.
> In the following I'll try to analyze these issues.
>=20
> The KDF negotiation is indeed problematic almost no
> matter what we do. Requiring new funtionality in methods
> is in practice often a non-starter; while we can develop
> new methods and update old ones, it is expected that
> most of current usage will continue to use the existing
> methods. Having a default does not help much either,
> if the default becomes broken in the near future.
> But requiring new functionality in link layers it not
> always easy either. It would be easy when we are developing
> a new link layer and including some EMSK usage as a part
> of that. But if we were to use EMSK for some new function
> over 802.11, for instance, would there be enough incentive
> to extend 802.11 just to make this possible?
>=20
> The choices and their implications are:
>=20
>   (a) Specified default, optional negotiation in EAP methods.
>=20
>        This implies an interface either from methods to the=20
> AAA/EAP server
>        code (for solution 1) or AAA protocol extensions for=20
> solution 2.
>=20

[Joe] Note that there doesn't necessarily have to be negotiation in the
method.  The method could specify a default.  If the method does not
specify a default then a mechanism independent default would come into
play. =20

>        Changes in peers, servers, methods, possibly AAA protocols.
>=20
>   (b) Lower layer negotiation.
>=20
>        If used together with solution 1, implies AAA protocol=20
> extensions
>        to communicate the KDF. If used with solution 2, implies AAA
>        protocol extensions to carry the EMSK.
>      =20
>        Changes in lower layers, AAA protocol. No changes in=20
> EAP or methods.
>=20

[Joe] Another side effect is that the lower layer then chooses the KDF
for all other applications.  The method knows best how to choose a key
derivation method that is efficient and secure for its operation.  If
the method's key derivation scheme is not sufficient for an environment,
then it is likely the method itself will not be usable for reasons
beyond MSK derivation.  In addition here the KDF name space must be
coordinated.  =20

> Based on this my current preference is (b). I'd be willing
> to accept (a), too.
>=20
[Joe] My choice would be (a)

> The choice between server or lower-layer based EMSK processing
> depends on security implications and ease of use for=20
> different purposes.
> The choices are:
>=20
>   (1) Derive AMSKs at the EAP/AAA server.
>=20
>        Implies a AAA protocol extension to retrieve AMSKs.
>=20
>        Changes at the EAP/AAA server, authenticator. New, stateful
>        nature of the EAP/AAA server.
>=20
>   (2) Derive AMSKs at the lower layer.
>=20
>        Implies a AAA protocol extension to carry EMSK to the
>        authenticator.
>=20
>        Small changes at the EAP/AAA server, main functionality in
>        the authenticator.
>=20
>        Hard to see how other nodes than the authenticator would
>        actually use the AMSKs. Traditionally, NAS -> NAS communication
>        has not been easy compared to NAS -> AAA communication.
>=20
[Joe] Because the EMSK, and therefore all the AMSKs, are known to the
NAS the security properties of these two solutions are very different. =20

> Based on this my current preference is (1). But its a close
> call.
[Joe] I agree with (1) as the preference.=20
=20
> --Jari
>=20
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Avi Lior wrote:

>>1. Ccan you explain what specific technical problem do you 
>>encounter with the proposal that I outlined in my e-mail, 
>>namely that you generate the AMSKs that you need, and that 
>>those AMSKs can be kept around and used for further 
>>generation of keys when the application in question needs 
>>more than one?
>>    
>>
>
>The AMSKs we be application specific right? For example, one application
>key for MIP keys, another for access to some other application like
>single sign-on to our corporate server etc...
>
>I don't have an issue with the AMSK's.
>  
>
Right. Ok.

>>Is it just the need to do unnecessary work for keys that may 
>>not be needed for this session? Or is there some functional 
>>difference?
>>    
>>
>
>It is basically this, how do I know which ones to generate during
>network access authentication?  I could have lots of them.  Also perhaps
>during this session the user requested access to a new application.  I
>need a key now.  Should I tear down the session just so I can get a new
>EMSK?
>  
>
The latter should never happen. If we do the calculation of AMSKs a priori,
then it needs to be something enabled by the user's profile. If he is
authorized to day (say) access handoff, mobile IP, and some QoS exchange,
then we'd generate three AMSKs for that user.

>>2. Do you have a plan how to manage the cache at the AAA 
>>server side, if there is no agreement a priori that EMSKs and 
>>specific AMSKs are going to be needed?
>>    
>>
>
>EMSK should be bound to a user session. When the user session goes away
>so should the EMSK.  If the user session is reauthenticated so should
>the EMSK.
>  
>
Ok. This sounds reasonable. There may be still tradeoffs
between keeping one EMSK for all sessions vs. keeping bunch of
AMSKs for those sessions that have been authorized to do
more than pure access. But its hard for me to quantify this
tradeoff, given that we don't know how many applications we could
in practice be talking about, and in particular we don't know what
fraction of users would be authorized to use those applications. Just
some, or would this be something that is by default turned on for
everyone?

>>3. Also, you wrote:
>>
>>    
>>
>>>I do agree that EMSK MUST ONLY BE USED for key derivation (AMSKs) and
>>> 
>>>
>>>      
>>>
>>What specific purpose did you have in mind for the EMSK? Do 
>>you plan to use the entire EMSK for some specific application 
>>you had in mind? What if other applications want to use it too?
>>    
>>
>
>EMSK MUST only be used for generating AMSKs.  I would think that using
>EMSK for other purpsoses will weakent the EMSK and hence weaken the
>AMSKs etc... So this is a very bad thing to do.
>  
>
Ok. Hmm... it seems that I misread your original comment. Sorry.
But it seems that we agree on this.

--Jari

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Subject: RE: [eap] Strawman -10/EMSK deletion requirement?
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Hi Jari,

We seem to agree until we get here  snip:

Avi wrote:

> >It is basically this, how do I know which ones to generate during
> >network access authentication?  I could have lots of them. =20
> Also perhaps
> >during this session the user requested access to a new=20
> application.  I
> >need a key now.  Should I tear down the session just so I=20
> can get a new
> >EMSK?
> > =20
> >

Jari wrote:
> The latter should never happen. If we do the calculation of=20
> AMSKs a priori,
> then it needs to be something enabled by the user's profile. If he is
> authorized to day (say) access handoff, mobile IP, and some=20
> QoS exchange,
> then we'd generate three AMSKs for that user.


Perhaps you missed my poorly stated point :-)

What if the user is requesting access to a new application? which could
also involve the modification of the user's profile.=20
If EMSK is not there, then what do I do? Restart the session? No.

At anyrate I belive that there could be other use cases... I gave two
reason why:

Just-in-time;
Dynamic-Application provisioning.

> >>2. Do you have a plan how to manage the cache at the AAA=20
> >>server side, if there is no agreement a priori that EMSKs and=20
> >>specific AMSKs are going to be needed?
> >>   =20
> >>
> >
> >EMSK should be bound to a user session. When the user=20
> session goes away
> >so should the EMSK.  If the user session is reauthenticated so should
> >the EMSK.
> > =20
> >
> Ok. This sounds reasonable. There may be still tradeoffs
> between keeping one EMSK for all sessions vs. keeping bunch of
> AMSKs for those sessions that have been authorized to do
> more than pure access.=20

Hmmmmm... A session is an EAP session (which is one Access Session) and
you should only have one EMSK for that session.  AMSKs are dervied from
the EMSK belong to that session.


>  But its hard for me to quantify this
> tradeoff, given that we don't know how many applications we could
> in practice be talking about, and in particular we don't know what
> fraction of users would be authorized to use those applications.=20
> Just
> some, or would this be something that is by default turned on for
> everyone?

IMO that would be deployement issue.  We see a very immediate need for
EMSK and AMSK today which will be used by everyone in the network -- and
this is the MIP case, but other then that EMSK/AMSK is very very new.
Wait until 3GPP/2 and OMA learn about it.

=20
Avi
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Subject: RE: [eap] Strawman -10/EMSK deletion requirement?
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	"Jari Arkko" <jari.arkko@piuha.net>
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Hi Avi, =20

>=20
> Perhaps you missed my poorly stated point :-)
>=20
> What if the user is requesting access to a new application?=20
> which could
> also involve the modification of the user's profile.=20
> If EMSK is not there, then what do I do? Restart the session? No.
>=20
> At anyrate I belive that there could be other use cases... I gave two
> reason why:
>=20
> Just-in-time;
> Dynamic-Application provisioning.

[Joe] Would you agree with the following:

"For any specific application once the AMSK is generated for that
application there is no requirement to cache the EMSK for that
application, however there may be a need to cache the EMSK if the system
requires other Masks to be generated. " =20

This makes the caching more of a system issue than an issue for one
particular application.  =20

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Salowey, Joe wrote:

>Jari,
>
>Thanks for putting this together, but I think there is more to it than
>you describe.
>
I am SURE there is :-)

>The approaches (1) and (2) have very different
>characteristics and do not provide equivalent protection for the EMSK.
>  
>
Agreed.

>Passing the EMSK to the lower layer limits how it can be used because
>now it has been exposed to the lower layer.  Therefore I think anything
>based on 2 is unacceptable.  
>  
>
Noted.

>>(2) In the lower-layer based EMSK processing approach, the
>>EMSK is delivered to the authenticator along with the MSK.
>>KDF is selected either (a) by a default in EAP plus optional
>>negotiation in methods, choice is communicated to the
>>lower layer via AAA or (b) by lower layer negotiation alone.
>>The lower layer is responsible for all use of the AMSKs
>>in a local context. That is, no AAA key requests are needed
>>or possible.
>>
>>    
>>
>[Joe] Also the EMSK cannot be used securely for any purpose outside of
>the lower layer. I don't think (2) is a good choice.  
>  
>
Well, I think we should do (1) too. But I'm not sure we can
rule out the use of EMSK for any other purpose even in (2). There's
a security difference, yes. There's an even bigger difference in
that I'm not at all sure how that would work with current AAA --
how would the AMSK get to whoever that needs it?
But perhaps that's solvable...

>>The choices and their implications are:
>>
>>  (a) Specified default, optional negotiation in EAP methods.
>>
>>       This implies an interface either from methods to the 
>>AAA/EAP server
>>       code (for solution 1) or AAA protocol extensions for 
>>solution 2.
>>
>>    
>>
>
>[Joe] Note that there doesn't necessarily have to be negotiation in the
>method.  The method could specify a default.  If the method does not
>specify a default then a mechanism independent default would come into
>play. 
>  
>
Right.

>>       Changes in peers, servers, methods, possibly AAA protocols.
>>
>>  (b) Lower layer negotiation.
>>
>>       If used together with solution 1, implies AAA protocol 
>>extensions
>>       to communicate the KDF. If used with solution 2, implies AAA
>>       protocol extensions to carry the EMSK.
>>      
>>       Changes in lower layers, AAA protocol. No changes in 
>>EAP or methods.
>>
>>    
>>
>
>[Joe] Another side effect is that the lower layer then chooses the KDF
>for all other applications.  The method knows best how to choose a key
>derivation method that is efficient and secure for its operation.  If
>the method's key derivation scheme is not sufficient for an environment,
>then it is likely the method itself will not be usable for reasons
>beyond MSK derivation.  In addition here the KDF name space must be
>coordinated.
>  
>
I agree that the KDF affects other apps. Whether the KDF needs to be
known to these other apps is another question, I think. It could be
that the NAS that got the EMSK is deriving the AMSKs, so the other
parties would only get a plain key. But again, this is mostly speculation
because I have not seen a design where we both send the EMSK to the
NAS and use it for some other application than the lower layer in
question.

>>Based on this my current preference is (b). I'd be willing
>>to accept (a), too.
>>
>>    
>>
>[Joe] My choice would be (a)
>  
>
Ok. Noted.

>>The choice between server or lower-layer based EMSK processing
>>depends on security implications and ease of use for 
>>different purposes.
>>The choices are:
>>
>>  (1) Derive AMSKs at the EAP/AAA server.
>>
>>       Implies a AAA protocol extension to retrieve AMSKs.
>>
>>       Changes at the EAP/AAA server, authenticator. New, stateful
>>       nature of the EAP/AAA server.
>>
>>  (2) Derive AMSKs at the lower layer.
>>
>>       Implies a AAA protocol extension to carry EMSK to the
>>       authenticator.
>>
>>       Small changes at the EAP/AAA server, main functionality in
>>       the authenticator.
>>
>>       Hard to see how other nodes than the authenticator would
>>       actually use the AMSKs. Traditionally, NAS -> NAS communication
>>       has not been easy compared to NAS -> AAA communication.
>>
>>    
>>
>[Joe] Because the EMSK, and therefore all the AMSKs, are known to the
>NAS the security properties of these two solutions are very different.
>  
>
Right.

>>Based on this my current preference is (1). But its a close
>>call.
>>    
>>
>[Joe] I agree with (1) as the preference. 
>  
>
Noted.  Thanks for your comments!

--Jari

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Subject: RE: [eap] Strawman -10/EMSK deletion requirement?
Date: Mon, 6 Mar 2006 18:31:30 -0500
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> So the question is do you have to generate all possible AMSKs and then

> delete the EMSK or can you generate the AMSKs as needed?
>=20
[Joe] I understand that there may be need for caching of certain
quantities.  I think Jari explained it well in a separate message.  In
my opinion you should try to identify the applications in use and the
keys needed as early as possible.  If this is not possible then caching
of the MSK may be necessary.  Do we have examples where the caching of
the EMSK is necessary.  In the case where key caching is used the cache
needs to be managed.  If we are caching EMSKs then the document that
describes EMSK usage must describe how key cache can be managed.=20

Madjid>>I like to consider myself as an EAP keying consumer. I don't
really know what the cryptographic requirements for MSK or EMSK are? All
I know is that EMSK is recommended for creation of AMSK. Hence the need
for caching EMSK for future AMSK generation instances. I don't really
care about MSK at this point, because it is not used for AMSKs.

> Finally I have an slight issue with the statement that a KEY should be

> deleted so that it wont be used for other purposes.  I find that=20
> statements like that are an over specification.  What makes anyone=20
> think that making a statement that "X should/must be deleted" is going

> to be taken more seriously then "X should/must only be used for=20
> purpose X and should/must not be transported out of Y"?
>=20
> I think that whether it gets deleted or not is an implementation=20
> issue.
>=20

[Joe] The goal of the architecture is to prevent the re-use of keys for
multiple different purposes.  I agree that this is not necessarily the
same a deletion.  It is very important that keys derived from the EMSK
don't collide purposes across applications.  What happens in a
particular AMSK branch of the key hierarchy is not necessarily as
important since this branch is cryptographically separated from the rest
of the system through the AMSK derivation.  I think the current text
could probably do better in motivating why it is good practice to delete
keys. =20

Madjid>>Are you saying EAP keying architecture is incapable of
supportring various keying needs? I like to have a tree with EMSK as a
root and one per application AMSK as each branch and hopefully
independent of other AMSKs, is that wrong?
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Subject: RE: [eap] Strawman -10/EMSK deletion requirement?
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Madjid>> Keep EMSK in case I need to create AMSKs later (as long as EAP
session is still valid).=20

-----Original Message-----
From: Salowey, Joe [mailto:jsalowey@cisco.com]=20
Sent: Monday, March 06, 2006 11:48 AM
To: Avi Lior; Nakhjiri Madjid-MNAKHJI1; Rafa Marin Lopez; Bernard Aboba
Cc: eap@frascone.com
Subject: RE: [eap] Strawman -10/EMSK deletion requirement?

 >=20
> Hi Madjid
>=20
> Seems that there a lot of good reasons for keeping EMSK around after=20
> it is used to generate AMSKs.  Hopefully everyone gets that.
>=20
[Joe] No. After the AMSKs are generated what are you going to do with
the EMSK?  The purpos of the EMSK is to generate AMSKs. =20
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Subject: RE: [eap] Strawman -10/EMSK deletion requirement?
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=20

-----Original Message-----
From: Salowey, Joe [mailto:jsalowey@cisco.com]=20
Sent: Monday, March 06, 2006 12:06 PM
To: Nakhjiri Madjid-MNAKHJI1; Rafa Marin Lopez; Bernard Aboba
Cc: eap@frascone.com
Subject: RE: [eap] Strawman -10/EMSK deletion requirement?

=20
> Madjid>>I guess the number of people who are not sure about definition
> of AAA layer is more than one :)
> Joking aside, what is your reason what not making EMSK available to=20
> lower layer, while doing so for MSK is ok? What is the fundamental=20
> difference.
> >=20
[Joe] If you pass the EMSK to the lower layer it becomes effectively the
same as the MSK.  If you want use the EMSK to key an independent
application that uses a different authenticator the security of that
application becomes completely dependent upon the lower layer its
authenticator. =20

Madjid>>I am not transporting the EMSK anywhere. I thought that was a
main distinction.
Well, the role of authenticator may be not as relevant as the role of
the AAA server in keying for an application. Authenticator is just a
pass-through for EAP, the applications don't have to get their keys from
the authenticator.


> > In both cases we require deletion of EMSK after generation of AMSK,=20
> > why?
> >=20
> [Joe] To minimize the chance of exposure of the EMSK.  Why do you need

> to cache it? Could you generate and cache an AMSK instead?
>=20
> Madjid>>because a priori I cannot know how many AMSKs I may
> need later.
> An application may pop up later that needs keying or I move to a=20
> different domain that may require a new AMSK, but I cannot anticipate=20
> the move ahead of time...
>=20
[Joe] A different application I may understand although it seems the
system typically knows the applications that are in use.  If you don't
I'm not sure how can authorize the distribution of keys.  For the
handoff case consider deriving an Handoff AMSK from the EMSK.  This
handoff AMSK becomes the root of all keys used for handoff. When you
move you derive a key from the handoff AMSK.=20

Madjid>>Well today, you run one EAP every time you need keys for a
protocol (MIPv6 or something else, SIP, I don't know). Do you know
exactly at the start how many protocols you want to key for? Do you want
to run a new EAP every time you find out?
For handover, yes HO-AMSK is a good solution, if you own the whole
network, I don't know what sort of requirements people will have moving
to another operator network??

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Subject: RE: [eap] About use of EMSK
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Hi Jari,
=20
I think keeping EMSK at the server (EAP or AAA server), and calculating
AMSK there (your alternative 1) provides for better control of the
overall AAA and security of both handover and applications. So I favor
1.=20
This way not only you are not worried about misuse of EMSK in generating
unauthorized AMSKs by the authenticator, but also are covered against a
few things:

1) authenticator handover does not require regeneration of EMSK (read
new EAPs).
2) application keying does not require authenticator-application agent
SA s that may otherwise not exist. We ran into this problem with Proxy
MIP. Authenticator gets a PMIP key (say generated from a PMIP-AMSK), the
authenticator can have an SA with the proxy MN, since they are expected
to be within the foreign network, but the authenticator is not expected
to have an SA with the HA, meaning, the HA cannot get the PMIP key, it
has to go to the AAA server to get it and guess what, the AAA server
cannot even send the PMIP-AMSK to the authenticator, because according
to EAP requirements, it has to have deleted it after transport to
authenticator.

3) As you mentioned, the AAA server may even have a policy about the
KDFs to be used for each application keying, say MIP or whatever, so you
may not have negotiate the KDF.


Madjid
-----Original Message-----
From: Jari Arkko [mailto:jari.arkko@piuha.net]=20
Sent: Monday, March 06, 2006 3:36 AM
To: Bernard Aboba
Cc: eap@frascone.com
Subject: Re: [eap] About use of EMSK


Here's some analysis of the server vs. lower-layer based EMSK processing
approaches.

(1) In the server based approach we keep the EMSK in the server (perhaps
just for a moment) and generate the AMSKs, which are given to the the
different applications, such as fast handoff mechanisms.
The use of these applications goes via AAA, e.g., some kind of key
requests or fast re-auth requests can be sent from NASes to the server.
The AMSKs are derived using a KDF which is decided either (a) by a
default plus optional negotiation in methods or (b) by lower layer
negotiation and having AAA tell the server which KDF to use.

(2) In the lower-layer based EMSK processing approach, the EMSK is
delivered to the authenticator along with the MSK.
KDF is selected either (a) by a default in EAP plus optional negotiation
in methods, choice is communicated to the lower layer via AAA or (b) by
lower layer negotiation alone.
The lower layer is responsible for all use of the AMSKs in a local
context. That is, no AAA key requests are needed or possible.

Discussion about the chosen approach for EMSK use has so far appeared to
assume 1a vs. 2b. Based on the above, it seems that the KDF negotiation
may be a separate issue from who maintains the EMSK and calculates
AMSKs.
In the following I'll try to analyze these issues.

The KDF negotiation is indeed problematic almost no matter what we do.
Requiring new funtionality in methods is in practice often a
non-starter; while we can develop new methods and update old ones, it is
expected that most of current usage will continue to use the existing
methods. Having a default does not help much either, if the default
becomes broken in the near future.
But requiring new functionality in link layers it not always easy
either. It would be easy when we are developing a new link layer and
including some EMSK usage as a part of that. But if we were to use EMSK
for some new function over 802.11, for instance, would there be enough
incentive to extend 802.11 just to make this possible?

The choices and their implications are:

  (a) Specified default, optional negotiation in EAP methods.

       This implies an interface either from methods to the AAA/EAP
server
       code (for solution 1) or AAA protocol extensions for solution 2.

       Changes in peers, servers, methods, possibly AAA protocols.

  (b) Lower layer negotiation.

       If used together with solution 1, implies AAA protocol extensions
       to communicate the KDF. If used with solution 2, implies AAA
       protocol extensions to carry the EMSK.
     =20
       Changes in lower layers, AAA protocol. No changes in EAP or
methods.

Based on this my current preference is (b). I'd be willing to accept
(a), too.

The choice between server or lower-layer based EMSK processing depends
on security implications and ease of use for different purposes.
The choices are:

  (1) Derive AMSKs at the EAP/AAA server.

       Implies a AAA protocol extension to retrieve AMSKs.

       Changes at the EAP/AAA server, authenticator. New, stateful
       nature of the EAP/AAA server.

  (2) Derive AMSKs at the lower layer.

       Implies a AAA protocol extension to carry EMSK to the
       authenticator.

       Small changes at the EAP/AAA server, main functionality in
       the authenticator.

       Hard to see how other nodes than the authenticator would
       actually use the AMSKs. Traditionally, NAS -> NAS communication
       has not been easy compared to NAS -> AAA communication.

Based on this my current preference is (1). But its a close call.

--Jari

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Subject: Re: [eap] issue 325 - channel bindings
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> It may be too late to make comment on this, but if we agree on only
> the server has the knowledge of the Channel Binding values, I really
> don't see any value on carrying Channel Bindings over EAP methods
> compared to the other method of using the Channel Bindings for key
> derivation.  Please correct if my view is wrong.
> 
Yes, i miss the value in just the server and peer checking for consitency
in values. Unless the server can check the values against a pre-configured
database, channel bindings is of little use. Or if there is some use,
someone should explain what it is.

-mohan

> Yoshihiro Ohba
> 
> 
> On Mon, Mar 06, 2006 at 04:01:51AM -0800, Bernard Aboba wrote:
> > How about this?
> > 
> > "Channel Bindings include lower layer parameters that
> > are verified for consistency between the EAP peer and server.
> > In order to avoid introducing media dependencies, EAP
> > methods that transport Channel Binding data MUST treat this
> > data as opaque octets.
> > 
> > Typically the EAP method imports Channel Bindings from the
> > lower layer on the peer, and transmits them securely to the
> > EAP server, which exports them to the lower layer or AAA layer.  However,
> > transport may occur from EAP server to peer, or may be
> > bi-directional.  On the side of the exchange (peer or server)
> > where Channel Bindings are verified, the lower layer or AAA layer passes
> > the result of the verification (TRUE or FALSE) up to the
> > EAP method.
> > 
> > While the verification can be done either by the peer
> > or the server, typically only the server has the knowledge to
> > determine the correctness of the values, as opposed to merely
> > verifying their equality."
> > 
> > 
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Subject: RE: [eap] Strawman -10/EMSK deletion requirement?
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From: "Nakhjiri Madjid-MNAKHJI1" <Madjid.Nakhjiri@motorola.com>
To: "Avi Lior" <avi@bridgewatersystems.com>,
	"Salowey, Joe" <jsalowey@cisco.com>,
	"Rafa Marin Lopez" <rafa@dif.um.es>,
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I agree with Avi's statements. Limit the purpose of EMSK and its usage
(to AMSK generation) and prohibit its transport outside server, without
requiring its deletion. That will cover future AMSK generations as well.

Madjid


=20

-----Original Message-----
From: Avi Lior [mailto:avi@bridgewatersystems.com]=20
Sent: Monday, March 06, 2006 12:36 PM
To: Salowey, Joe; Nakhjiri Madjid-MNAKHJI1; Rafa Marin Lopez; Bernard
Aboba
Cc: eap@frascone.com
Subject: RE: [eap] Strawman -10/EMSK deletion requirement?

Hi Joe,

I have something to say about both your replies to I included them
together.


>=20
> Hi Madjid
>=20
> Seems that there a lot of good reasons for keeping EMSK around after=20
> it is used to generate AMSKs.  Hopefully everyone gets that.
>=20
[Joe] No. After the AMSKs are generated what are you going to do with
the EMSK?  The purpos of the EMSK is to generate AMSKs.  =20

I think it is sufficient to say that exactly what you said: "The purpose
of the EMSK is to generate AMSKs."

Why should we generate all the AMSKs at once?  A session may have
several applications that may require AMSK.  Some applications will be
used 100% of the time, some application will be used rarely.  Why should
an implmeentation genrate an AMSK and cache it just in case it will need
the key?  That doesn't make sense.


> -----Original Message-----
> From: Salowey, Joe [mailto:jsalowey@cisco.com]
> Sent: Monday, March 06, 2006 12:46 PM
> To: Avi Lior; Nakhjiri Madjid-MNAKHJI1; Rafa Marin Lopez; Bernard=20
> Aboba
> Cc: eap@frascone.com
> Subject: RE: [eap] Strawman -10/EMSK deletion requirement?
>=20
> =20
>=20
> > -----Original Message-----
> > From: Avi Lior [mailto:avi@bridgewatersystems.com]
> > Sent: Thursday, March 02, 2006 12:16 PM
> > To: Salowey, Joe; Nakhjiri Madjid-MNAKHJI1; Rafa Marin
> Lopez; Bernard
> > Aboba
> > Cc: eap@frascone.com
> > Subject: RE: [eap] Strawman -10/EMSK deletion requirement?
> >=20
> > Hi Joe and Madjid,
> >=20
> > The only reason for caching the EMSK is if you have to generate an=20
> > AMSK for another application associated with the current session.
> >=20
> > So the question is do you have to generate all possible
> AMSKs and then
> > delete the EMSK or can you generate the AMSKs as needed?
> >=20
> [Joe] I understand that there may be need for caching of certain=20
> quantities.  I think Jari explained it well in a separate message.  In

> my opinion you should try to identify the applications in use and the=20
> keys needed as early as possible.
I disagree.  I think from a resource point of view we should not genrate
keys for something that we may not be using.  At any rate this needs to
be an implmeentation choice and we should not prohibit this choice in a
standard.

> If this is not possible then caching of the MSK may be necessary.

I think you mean EMSK not MSK. Right?

If yes, we agree then caching of EMSK may be necessary.  Great!!!

I don't think we should write a specification that MUST require an
implmeentation to dervie all the keys that it is necessary on the chance
that the keys may be needed. =20

I do agree that EMSK MUST ONLY BE USED for key derivation (AMSKs) and
MUST NOT be transported out of the EAP Authentication Server layer.

> Do we have examples where the caching of the EMSK is necessary.

What if I don't have an example today?  Does that mean that in the
future I won't? or that somewhere in the world someone does have such a
need?

> In the case where key caching is used the cache needs to be managed. =20
> If we are caching EMSKs then the document that describes EMSK usage=20
> must describe how key cache can be managed.

I agree.
=20
>=20
> > Finally I have an slight issue with the statement that a
> KEY should be
> > deleted so that it wont be used for other purposes.  I find that=20
> > statements like that are an over specification.  What makes anyone=20
> > think that making a statement that "X should/must be
> deleted" is going
> > to be taken more seriously then "X should/must only be used for=20
> > purpose X and should/must not be transported out of Y"?
> >=20
> > I think that whether it gets deleted or not is an implementation=20
> > issue.
> >=20
>=20
> [Joe] The goal of the architecture is to prevent the re-use of keys=20
> for multiple different purposes.  I agree that this is not necessarily

> the same a deletion.  It is very important that keys derived from the=20
> EMSK don't collide purposes across applications.

I agree and therefore lets stick to the important issue and drop the
deletion argument.  The important issue being that EMSK shall be used
for AMSK derivation and for no other purpose.

> What happens in a particular AMSK branch of the key hierarchy is not=20
> necessarily as important since this branch is cryptographically=20
> separated from the rest of the system through the AMSK derivation.  I=20
> think the current text could probably do better in motivating why it=20
> is good practice to delete keys.

I don't think we need to talk about key deletion at all, except when it
comes to the key's end-of-life or end of session.  I think we need to
stress exactly what you said.

=20
> > Finally if we insist on saying that X must be deleted we
> should really
> > say that X must be securely deleted.  There is a difference.
> > When a key
> > is securely deleted the software takes extra care that the memory=20
> > location containing the key is first erased before the
> memory location
> > is freed to the heap.  Perhaps we can state that somewhere.
> >=20
> > > -----Original Message-----
> > > From: Salowey, Joe [mailto:jsalowey@cisco.com]
> > > Sent: Thursday, March 02, 2006 2:49 PM
> > > To: Nakhjiri Madjid-MNAKHJI1; Rafa Marin Lopez; Bernard Aboba
> > > Cc: eap@frascone.com
> > > Subject: RE: [eap] Strawman -10/EMSK deletion requirement?
> > >=20
> > > =20
> > >=20
> > > > -----Original Message-----
> > > > From: Nakhjiri Madjid-MNAKHJI1
> > [mailto:Madjid.Nakhjiri@motorola.com]
> > > > Sent: Thursday, March 02, 2006 8:44 AM
> > > > To: Salowey, Joe; Rafa Marin Lopez; Bernard Aboba
> > > > Cc: eap@frascone.com
> > > > Subject: RE: [eap] Strawman -10/EMSK deletion requirement?
> > > >=20
> > > > Hi Joe,
> > > >=20
> > > > Thanks for the email. I think you responded to the old
> > piece of the
> > > > email from Rafa and I am to blame for causing that
> > confusion, as I
> > > > kept that part to provide context.
> > > > Again, my question was why an entity needs to delete EMSK after=20
> > > > generating the first AMSK (or first set of AMSKs?)? This
> > > seems to be
> > > > the requirement regardless of two options:
> > > >=20
> > > > 1) keep EMSK at EAP layer, create AMSK at EAP layer based
> > > request from
> > > > AAA layer, delete EMSK Immediately (this means EAP layer
> > must have
> > > > KDFs for AMSK=3DKDF(EMSK, etc)
> > > > 2) push EMSK down to AAA layer at backend server, create
> > > AMSK at AAA
> > > > layer and delete EMSK immediately (this means AAA layer
> must have
> > > > KDFs)
> > > >
> > > [Joe] If the AAA layer contains the AAA client and AAA
> server then
> > > the EMSK should not be available to this layer, if the AAA layer=20
> > > means something else then I don't know about (1).
> > > The AMSK should be generated in the EAP and exported, option (2).
> > > =20
> > > >=20
> > > > In both cases we require deletion of EMSK after
> > generation of AMSK,
> > > > why?
> > > >=20
> > > [Joe] To minimize the chance of exposure of the EMSK.  Why do you=20
> > > need to cache it? Could you generate and cache an AMSK
> > instead? =20
> > >=20
> > >=20
> > > > Thanks,
> > > >=20
> > > > Madjid
> > > >=20
> > > > -----Original Message-----
> > > > From: Salowey, Joe [mailto:jsalowey@cisco.com]
> > > > Sent: Wednesday, March 01, 2006 5:17 PM
> > > > To: Nakhjiri Madjid-MNAKHJI1; Rafa Marin Lopez; Bernard Aboba
> > > > Cc: eap@frascone.com
> > > > Subject: RE: [eap] Strawman -10
> > > >=20
> > > > =20
> > > >=20
> > > > > -----Original Message-----
> > > > > From: Nakhjiri Madjid-MNAKHJI1
> > > [mailto:Madjid.Nakhjiri@motorola.com]
> > > > > Sent: Wednesday, March 01, 2006 2:38 PM
> > > > > To: Rafa Marin Lopez; Bernard Aboba
> > > > > Cc: eap@frascone.com
> > > > > Subject: RE: [eap] Strawman -10
> > > > >=20
> > > > > Madjid>>Again, why is deletion of EMSK after generation of
> > > > > one AMSK is a
> > > > > requirements. What if we need to create multiple AMSKs
> > > and that at
> > > > > multiple occassions?
> > > > >=20
> > > > >=20
> > > > >=20
> > > > > Well, actually, lower layer authenticator implementation
> > > > should expect
> > > > > (MSK,EMSK) in the case EAP method is executed by the
> standalone
> > > > > authenticator or (MSK,AMSK) in the case EAP method is
> > executed by
> > > > > backend authentication server. If it receives (MSK,EMSK)
> > > > should create
> > > >=20
> > > > > AMSK and delete EMSK. If it receives (MSK,AMSK) , that's
> > > > all, correct?
> > > >=20
> > > > [Joe] Not really, strictly speaking the lower layer
> > > shouldn't expect
> > > > to receive the EMSK as that would break mode independence.  An=20
> > > > architectural description should not have the lower layer
> > receiving
> > > > the keys. From a supplicant perspective it must appear the same=20
> > > > whether an external EAP-Server or a collocated EAP server
> > is used. =20
> > > > Now I don't know what is going on inside your box, it
> > could all be
> > > > monolithic when a internal EAP server is used but that
> > shouldn't be
> > > > visible to the external world.  If I was interested in
> > > cryptographic
> > > > module separation I might not be too happy if you shared
> > > the EMSK with
> > > > the lower layer.
> > > >=20
> > > > >=20
> > _________________________________________________________________
> > > > > To unsubscribe or modify your subscription options,
> > please visit:
> > > > > http://lists.frascone.com/mailman/listinfo/eap
> > > > >=20
> > > > > Arhives: http://lists.frascone.com/pipermail/eap
> > > > >=20
> > > >=20
> > > _________________________________________________________________
> > > To unsubscribe or modify your subscription options, please visit:
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> > >=20
> > > Arhives: http://lists.frascone.com/pipermail/eap
> > >=20
> >=20
>=20
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Subject: RE: [eap] Strawman -10/EMSK deletion requirement?
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From: "Narayanan, Vidya" <vidyan@qualcomm.com>
To: "Salowey, Joe" <jsalowey@cisco.com>,
	"Avi Lior" <avi@bridgewatersystems.com>,
	"Jari Arkko" <jari.arkko@piuha.net>
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Joe,=20
I can see the problem with transporting the EMSK to other entities -
however, what really is the concern with caching the EMSK as long as it
is never exported? Is it just the concern of having to maintain state or
is there a security concern here?=20

Vidya=20

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Salowey, Joe [mailto:jsalowey@cisco.com]=20
> Sent: Monday, March 06, 2006 2:04 PM
> To: Avi Lior; Jari Arkko
> Cc: eap@frascone.com
> Subject: RE: [eap] Strawman -10/EMSK deletion requirement?
>=20
> Hi Avi, =20
>=20
> >=20
> > Perhaps you missed my poorly stated point :-)
> >=20
> > What if the user is requesting access to a new application?=20
> > which could
> > also involve the modification of the user's profile.=20
> > If EMSK is not there, then what do I do? Restart the session? No.
> >=20
> > At anyrate I belive that there could be other use cases...=20
> I gave two=20
> > reason why:
> >=20
> > Just-in-time;
> > Dynamic-Application provisioning.
>=20
> [Joe] Would you agree with the following:
>=20
> "For any specific application once the AMSK is generated for=20
> that application there is no requirement to cache the EMSK=20
> for that application, however there may be a need to cache=20
> the EMSK if the system requires other Masks to be generated. " =20
>=20
> This makes the caching more of a system issue than an issue for one
> particular application.  =20
>=20
> _________________________________________________________________
> To unsubscribe or modify your subscription options, please visit:
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>=20
> Arhives: http://lists.frascone.com/pipermail/eap
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--NextPart

A New Internet-Draft is available from the on-line Internet-Drafts directories.
This draft is a work item of the Extensible Authentication Protocol Working Group of the IETF.

	Title		: Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP) Key Management Framework
	Author(s)	: B. Aboba, et al.
	Filename	: draft-ietf-eap-keying-10.txt
	Pages		: 56
	Date		: 2006-3-7
	
The Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP), defined in [RFC3748],
   enables extensible network access authentication.  This document
   provides a framework for the transport and usage of keying material
   generated by EAP authentication algorithms, known as "methods".  It
   also specifies the EAP key hierarchy.

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To: Jari Arkko <jari.arkko@piuha.net>
Subject: Re: Channel binding approaches (Was: Re: [eap] Strawman -10)
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I agree that there can be several alternatives within my channel
binding approach.

I'd be happy to discuss such alternatives in my draft.  Then the
question is in which WG can we discuss my draft if EAP WG is
closed?

Best regards,
Yoshihiro Ohba


On Sun, Mar 05, 2006 at 09:40:45PM +0200, Jari Arkko wrote:
> The channel binding discussion has been interesting. I can
> actually see a number of different alternatives even
> within Yoshihiro's method. For instance, L2 could negotiate
> the use of channel bindings and have AAA inform the server
> of the need to use MSK_cb instead of the regular MSK. Or
> EAP method could negotiate this. Or the use of channel
> bindings would be dictated by the used lower layer,
> 
> I'm not sure which approach is the best one; there
> are tradeoffs. Generally I like approaches where
> we don't need to change EAP methods but YMMV.
> 
> In any case, I'm happy with what the -10 says about
> channel bindings, and perhaps the results of this
> discussion can be incorporated to Yoshihiro's draft.
> 
> --Jari
> 
> 
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Subject: RE: [eap] Strawman -10/EMSK deletion requirement?
Date: Wed, 8 Mar 2006 10:23:12 -0800
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From: "Salowey, Joe" <jsalowey@cisco.com>
To: "Narayanan, Vidya" <vidyan@qualcomm.com>,
	"Avi Lior" <avi@bridgewatersystems.com>,
	"Jari Arkko" <jari.arkko@piuha.net>
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The EMSK is the root of all AMSKs, so a compromise of the EMSK
compromises all AMSKs.  Therefore I would like to see the EMSK protected
as much as possible.  Once the EMSK is securely deleted it cannot be
compromised. I would like to see applications be as independent from one
another as possible and not have one application require the EMSK be
cached once its AMSK is generated. This implies a deeper key hierarchy
than if an application derives all of its keys directly from the EMSK. =20

Caching itself is new functionality in the system, but seems to be
required whether you cache AMSK or EMSK.  I don't really have a problem
with caching the EMSK if it is required at the system level because all
applications are not known at the right time.  It think it may be OK for
an implementation to cache the EMSK for its own optimizations, but I
would prefer that the caching of the EMSK not be required for any
particular AMSK usage.  Since an AMSK is exportable you have more
options on where it can be cached. =20

Hope this helps,

Joe

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Narayanan, Vidya [mailto:vidyan@qualcomm.com]=20
> Sent: Tuesday, March 07, 2006 12:40 PM
> To: Salowey, Joe; Avi Lior; Jari Arkko
> Cc: eap@frascone.com
> Subject: RE: [eap] Strawman -10/EMSK deletion requirement?
>=20
> Joe,=20
> I can see the problem with transporting the EMSK to other entities -
> however, what really is the concern with caching the EMSK as=20
> long as it
> is never exported? Is it just the concern of having to=20
> maintain state or
> is there a security concern here?=20
>=20
> Vidya=20
>=20
> > -----Original Message-----
> > From: Salowey, Joe [mailto:jsalowey@cisco.com]=20
> > Sent: Monday, March 06, 2006 2:04 PM
> > To: Avi Lior; Jari Arkko
> > Cc: eap@frascone.com
> > Subject: RE: [eap] Strawman -10/EMSK deletion requirement?
> >=20
> > Hi Avi, =20
> >=20
> > >=20
> > > Perhaps you missed my poorly stated point :-)
> > >=20
> > > What if the user is requesting access to a new application?=20
> > > which could
> > > also involve the modification of the user's profile.=20
> > > If EMSK is not there, then what do I do? Restart the session? No.
> > >=20
> > > At anyrate I belive that there could be other use cases...=20
> > I gave two=20
> > > reason why:
> > >=20
> > > Just-in-time;
> > > Dynamic-Application provisioning.
> >=20
> > [Joe] Would you agree with the following:
> >=20
> > "For any specific application once the AMSK is generated for=20
> > that application there is no requirement to cache the EMSK=20
> > for that application, however there may be a need to cache=20
> > the EMSK if the system requires other Masks to be generated. " =20
> >=20
> > This makes the caching more of a system issue than an issue for one
> > particular application.  =20
> >=20
> > _________________________________________________________________
> > To unsubscribe or modify your subscription options, please visit:
> > http://lists.frascone.com/mailman/listinfo/eap
> >=20
> > Arhives: http://lists.frascone.com/pipermail/eap
> >=20
>=20
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Subject: RE: [eap] Strawman -10/EMSK deletion requirement?
Date: Wed, 8 Mar 2006 13:24:16 -0500
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From: "Avi Lior" <avi@bridgewatersystems.com>
To: "Salowey, Joe" <jsalowey@cisco.com>,
	"Narayanan, Vidya" <vidyan@qualcomm.com>,
	"Jari Arkko" <jari.arkko@piuha.net>
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So there might be reason for caching the EMSKs.  So language like the
following:

EMSK is used strictly for generating AMSKs.

EMSK is not transported out of the EAP Authentication Server Layer.

EMSK MUST be deleted when the session for which it was created is
deleted.

EMSK SHOULD be deleted sooner, when it is no longer required. =20

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Salowey, Joe [mailto:jsalowey@cisco.com]=20
> Sent: Wednesday, March 08, 2006 1:23 PM
> To: Narayanan, Vidya; Avi Lior; Jari Arkko
> Cc: eap@frascone.com
> Subject: RE: [eap] Strawman -10/EMSK deletion requirement?
>=20
> The EMSK is the root of all AMSKs, so a compromise of the=20
> EMSK compromises all AMSKs.  Therefore I would like to see=20
> the EMSK protected as much as possible.  Once the EMSK is=20
> securely deleted it cannot be compromised. I would like to=20
> see applications be as independent from one another as=20
> possible and not have one application require the EMSK be=20
> cached once its AMSK is generated. This implies a deeper key=20
> hierarchy than if an application derives all of its keys=20
> directly from the EMSK. =20
>=20
> Caching itself is new functionality in the system, but seems=20
> to be required whether you cache AMSK or EMSK.  I don't=20
> really have a problem with caching the EMSK if it is required=20
> at the system level because all applications are not known at=20
> the right time.  It think it may be OK for an implementation=20
> to cache the EMSK for its own optimizations, but I would=20
> prefer that the caching of the EMSK not be required for any=20
> particular AMSK usage.  Since an AMSK is exportable you have=20
> more options on where it can be cached. =20
>=20
> Hope this helps,
>=20
> Joe
>=20
> > -----Original Message-----
> > From: Narayanan, Vidya [mailto:vidyan@qualcomm.com]
> > Sent: Tuesday, March 07, 2006 12:40 PM
> > To: Salowey, Joe; Avi Lior; Jari Arkko
> > Cc: eap@frascone.com
> > Subject: RE: [eap] Strawman -10/EMSK deletion requirement?
> >=20
> > Joe,
> > I can see the problem with transporting the EMSK to other=20
> entities -=20
> > however, what really is the concern with caching the EMSK=20
> as long as=20
> > it is never exported? Is it just the concern of having to maintain=20
> > state or is there a security concern here?
> >=20
> > Vidya
> >=20
> > > -----Original Message-----
> > > From: Salowey, Joe [mailto:jsalowey@cisco.com]
> > > Sent: Monday, March 06, 2006 2:04 PM
> > > To: Avi Lior; Jari Arkko
> > > Cc: eap@frascone.com
> > > Subject: RE: [eap] Strawman -10/EMSK deletion requirement?
> > >=20
> > > Hi Avi,
> > >=20
> > > >=20
> > > > Perhaps you missed my poorly stated point :-)
> > > >=20
> > > > What if the user is requesting access to a new application?=20
> > > > which could
> > > > also involve the modification of the user's profile.=20
> > > > If EMSK is not there, then what do I do? Restart the=20
> session? No.
> > > >=20
> > > > At anyrate I belive that there could be other use cases...=20
> > > I gave two
> > > > reason why:
> > > >=20
> > > > Just-in-time;
> > > > Dynamic-Application provisioning.
> > >=20
> > > [Joe] Would you agree with the following:
> > >=20
> > > "For any specific application once the AMSK is generated for that=20
> > > application there is no requirement to cache the EMSK for that=20
> > > application, however there may be a need to cache the EMSK if the=20
> > > system requires other Masks to be generated. "
> > >=20
> > > This makes the caching more of a system issue than an=20
> issue for one
> > > particular application.  =20
> > >=20
> > > _________________________________________________________________
> > > To unsubscribe or modify your subscription options, please visit:
> > > http://lists.frascone.com/mailman/listinfo/eap
> > >=20
> > > Arhives: http://lists.frascone.com/pipermail/eap
> > >=20
> >=20
>=20
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Date: Wed, 08 Mar 2006 19:32:54 +0100
To: "Salowey, Joe" <jsalowey@cisco.com>,
	"Narayanan, Vidya" <vidyan@qualcomm.com>,
	"Avi Lior" <avi@bridgewatersystems.com>,
	"Jari Arkko" <jari.arkko@piuha.net>
From: Pascal Urien <Pascal.Urien@enst.fr>
Subject: RE: [eap] Strawman -10/EMSK deletion requirement?
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Hi everybody

At 10:23 08/03/2006 -0800, Salowey, Joe wrote:
>The EMSK is the root of all AMSKs, so a compromise of the EMSK
>compromises all AMSKs.  Therefore I would like to see the EMSK protected
>as much as possible.  Once the EMSK is securely deleted it cannot be
>compromised. I would like to see applications be as independent from one
>another as possible and not have one application require the EMSK be
>cached once its AMSK is generated. This implies a deeper key hierarchy
>than if an application derives all of its keys directly from the EMSK.
>
>Caching itself is new functionality in the system, but seems to be
>required whether you cache AMSK or EMSK.  I don't really have a problem
>with caching the EMSK if it is required at the system level because all
>applications are not known at the right time.  It think it may be OK for
>an implementation to cache the EMSK for its own optimizations, but I
>would prefer that the caching of the EMSK not be required for any
>particular AMSK usage.  Since an AMSK is exportable you have more
>options on where it can be cached.

In the last version of 
http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-urien-eap-smartcard-10.txt
it is suggested to securely compute AMSK keys in EAP smartcards, without 
exporting EMSK

see

 >>7.16 Get-AMSK
 >>
 >>   According to [RFC 4017] EMSK is an "additional keying material
 >>   derived between the EAP client and server that is exported by the
 >>   EAP method. The EMSK is at least 64 octets in length. The EMSK is
 >>   not shared with the authenticator or any other third party. The EMSK
  >>  is reserved for future uses that are not yet defined".
 >>
 >>   It has been suggested in [EAP-EXT] to derive Application-specific
 >>   Master Session Keys (AMSKs)from EMSK. As an illustration AMSK MAY be
 >>   obtained by a Key Derivation Function (KDF), such as
 >>
 >>                        AMSK = KDF(EMSK, label, length)
 >>
 >>   The Get-AMSK(index,label) command is used to compute AMSK key,
 >>   identified by an index and optionally associated to a label, needed
 >>   to its calculation.

I believe that this functionality should be useful when a high security level
  is required, specially if EMSK controls a critical process like handover

Pascal




>Hope this helps,
>
>Joe
>
> > -----Original Message-----
> > From: Narayanan, Vidya [mailto:vidyan@qualcomm.com]
> > Sent: Tuesday, March 07, 2006 12:40 PM
> > To: Salowey, Joe; Avi Lior; Jari Arkko
> > Cc: eap@frascone.com
> > Subject: RE: [eap] Strawman -10/EMSK deletion requirement?
> >
> > Joe,
> > I can see the problem with transporting the EMSK to other entities -
> > however, what really is the concern with caching the EMSK as
> > long as it
> > is never exported? Is it just the concern of having to
> > maintain state or
> > is there a security concern here?
> >
> > Vidya
> >
> > > -----Original Message-----
> > > From: Salowey, Joe [mailto:jsalowey@cisco.com]
> > > Sent: Monday, March 06, 2006 2:04 PM
> > > To: Avi Lior; Jari Arkko
> > > Cc: eap@frascone.com
> > > Subject: RE: [eap] Strawman -10/EMSK deletion requirement?
> > >
> > > Hi Avi,
> > >
> > > >
> > > > Perhaps you missed my poorly stated point :-)
> > > >
> > > > What if the user is requesting access to a new application?
> > > > which could
> > > > also involve the modification of the user's profile.
> > > > If EMSK is not there, then what do I do? Restart the session? No.
> > > >
> > > > At anyrate I belive that there could be other use cases...
> > > I gave two
> > > > reason why:
> > > >
> > > > Just-in-time;
> > > > Dynamic-Application provisioning.
> > >
> > > [Joe] Would you agree with the following:
> > >
> > > "For any specific application once the AMSK is generated for
> > > that application there is no requirement to cache the EMSK
> > > for that application, however there may be a need to cache
> > > the EMSK if the system requires other Masks to be generated. "
> > >
> > > This makes the caching more of a system issue than an issue for one
> > > particular application.
> > >
> > > _________________________________________________________________
> > > To unsubscribe or modify your subscription options, please visit:
> > > http://lists.frascone.com/mailman/listinfo/eap
> > >
> > > Arhives: http://lists.frascone.com/pipermail/eap
> > >
> >
>_________________________________________________________________
>To unsubscribe or modify your subscription options, please visit:
>http://lists.frascone.com/mailman/listinfo/eap
>
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_________________________________________________________________
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Subject: RE: [eap] Strawman -10/EMSK deletion requirement?
Date: Wed, 8 Mar 2006 16:27:07 -0800
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From: "Glen Zorn (gwz)" <gwz@cisco.com>
To: "Joseph Salowey (jsalowey)" <jsalowey@cisco.com>,
	"Narayanan, Vidya" <vidyan@qualcomm.com>,
	"Avi Lior" <avi@bridgewatersystems.com>,
	"Jari Arkko" <jari.arkko@piuha.net>
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Joseph Salowey (jsalowey) <> supposedly scribbled:

> The EMSK is the root of all AMSKs, so a compromise of the EMSK
> compromises all AMSKs.  Therefore I would like to see the EMSK
> protected as much as possible.  Once the EMSK is securely deleted it
> cannot be compromised.=20

OK, but is that not equally true of Jari's proposed AMSK_root_0 =
approach?

> I would like to see applications be as
> independent from one another as possible and not have one application
> require the EMSK be cached once its AMSK is generated. This implies a
> deeper key hierarchy than if an application derives all of its keys
> directly from the EMSK.      =20
>=20
> Caching itself is new functionality in the system, but seems to be
> required whether you cache AMSK or EMSK.  I don't really have a
> problem with caching the EMSK if it is required at the system level
> because all applications are not known at the right time.  It think
> it may be OK for an implementation to cache the EMSK for its own
> optimizations, but I would prefer that the caching of the EMSK not be
> required for any particular AMSK usage.  Since an AMSK is exportable
> you have more options on where it can be cached.      =20
>=20
> Hope this helps,
>=20
> Joe
>=20
>> -----Original Message-----
>> From: Narayanan, Vidya [mailto:vidyan@qualcomm.com]
>> Sent: Tuesday, March 07, 2006 12:40 PM
>> To: Salowey, Joe; Avi Lior; Jari Arkko
>> Cc: eap@frascone.com
>> Subject: RE: [eap] Strawman -10/EMSK deletion requirement?
>>=20
>> Joe,
>> I can see the problem with transporting the EMSK to other entities -
>> however, what really is the concern with caching the EMSK as long as
>> it is never exported? Is it just the concern of having to maintain
>> state or is there a security concern here?
>>=20
>> Vidya
>>=20
>>> -----Original Message-----
>>> From: Salowey, Joe [mailto:jsalowey@cisco.com]
>>> Sent: Monday, March 06, 2006 2:04 PM
>>> To: Avi Lior; Jari Arkko
>>> Cc: eap@frascone.com
>>> Subject: RE: [eap] Strawman -10/EMSK deletion requirement?
>>>=20
>>> Hi Avi,
>>>=20
>>>>=20
>>>> Perhaps you missed my poorly stated point :-)
>>>>=20
>>>> What if the user is requesting access to a new application? which
>>>> could also involve the modification of the user's profile.
>>>> If EMSK is not there, then what do I do? Restart the session? No.
>>>>=20
>>>> At anyrate I belive that there could be other use cases... I gave
>>>> two reason why:=20
>>>>=20
>>>> Just-in-time;
>>>> Dynamic-Application provisioning.
>>>=20
>>> [Joe] Would you agree with the following:
>>>=20
>>> "For any specific application once the AMSK is generated for that
>>> application there is no requirement to cache the EMSK for that
>>> application, however there may be a need to cache the EMSK if the
>>> system requires other Masks to be generated. "
>>>=20
>>> This makes the caching more of a system issue than an issue for one
>>> particular application.=20
>>>=20
>>> _________________________________________________________________
>>> To unsubscribe or modify your subscription options, please visit:
>>> http://lists.frascone.com/mailman/listinfo/eap
>>>=20
>>> Arhives: http://lists.frascone.com/pipermail/eap
>>>=20
>>=20
> _________________________________________________________________
> To unsubscribe or modify your subscription options, please visit:
> http://lists.frascone.com/mailman/listinfo/eap
>=20
> Arhives: http://lists.frascone.com/pipermail/eap

Hope this helps,

~gwz

Why is it that most of the world's problems can't be solved by simply
  listening to John Coltrane? -- Henry Gabriel
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Subject: RE: [eap] Strawman -10/EMSK deletion requirement?
Date: Wed, 8 Mar 2006 17:28:51 -0800
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From: "Salowey, Joe" <jsalowey@cisco.com>
To: "Avi Lior" <avi@bridgewatersystems.com>,
	"Narayanan, Vidya" <vidyan@qualcomm.com>,
	"Jari Arkko" <jari.arkko@piuha.net>
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I would add that the AMSK for a particular application should be derived
such that once the AMSK is derived for that application there is no need
to continue to use the EMSK for derivation of additional keys for that
application. =20

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Avi Lior [mailto:avi@bridgewatersystems.com]=20
> Sent: Wednesday, March 08, 2006 10:24 AM
> To: Salowey, Joe; Narayanan, Vidya; Jari Arkko
> Cc: eap@frascone.com
> Subject: RE: [eap] Strawman -10/EMSK deletion requirement?
>=20
> So there might be reason for caching the EMSKs.  So language like the
> following:
>=20
> EMSK is used strictly for generating AMSKs.
>=20
> EMSK is not transported out of the EAP Authentication Server Layer.
>=20
> EMSK MUST be deleted when the session for which it was created is
> deleted.
>=20
> EMSK SHOULD be deleted sooner, when it is no longer required. =20
>=20
> > -----Original Message-----
> > From: Salowey, Joe [mailto:jsalowey@cisco.com]=20
> > Sent: Wednesday, March 08, 2006 1:23 PM
> > To: Narayanan, Vidya; Avi Lior; Jari Arkko
> > Cc: eap@frascone.com
> > Subject: RE: [eap] Strawman -10/EMSK deletion requirement?
> >=20
> > The EMSK is the root of all AMSKs, so a compromise of the=20
> > EMSK compromises all AMSKs.  Therefore I would like to see=20
> > the EMSK protected as much as possible.  Once the EMSK is=20
> > securely deleted it cannot be compromised. I would like to=20
> > see applications be as independent from one another as=20
> > possible and not have one application require the EMSK be=20
> > cached once its AMSK is generated. This implies a deeper key=20
> > hierarchy than if an application derives all of its keys=20
> > directly from the EMSK. =20
> >=20
> > Caching itself is new functionality in the system, but seems=20
> > to be required whether you cache AMSK or EMSK.  I don't=20
> > really have a problem with caching the EMSK if it is required=20
> > at the system level because all applications are not known at=20
> > the right time.  It think it may be OK for an implementation=20
> > to cache the EMSK for its own optimizations, but I would=20
> > prefer that the caching of the EMSK not be required for any=20
> > particular AMSK usage.  Since an AMSK is exportable you have=20
> > more options on where it can be cached. =20
> >=20
> > Hope this helps,
> >=20
> > Joe
> >=20
> > > -----Original Message-----
> > > From: Narayanan, Vidya [mailto:vidyan@qualcomm.com]
> > > Sent: Tuesday, March 07, 2006 12:40 PM
> > > To: Salowey, Joe; Avi Lior; Jari Arkko
> > > Cc: eap@frascone.com
> > > Subject: RE: [eap] Strawman -10/EMSK deletion requirement?
> > >=20
> > > Joe,
> > > I can see the problem with transporting the EMSK to other=20
> > entities -=20
> > > however, what really is the concern with caching the EMSK=20
> > as long as=20
> > > it is never exported? Is it just the concern of having to=20
> maintain=20
> > > state or is there a security concern here?
> > >=20
> > > Vidya
> > >=20
> > > > -----Original Message-----
> > > > From: Salowey, Joe [mailto:jsalowey@cisco.com]
> > > > Sent: Monday, March 06, 2006 2:04 PM
> > > > To: Avi Lior; Jari Arkko
> > > > Cc: eap@frascone.com
> > > > Subject: RE: [eap] Strawman -10/EMSK deletion requirement?
> > > >=20
> > > > Hi Avi,
> > > >=20
> > > > >=20
> > > > > Perhaps you missed my poorly stated point :-)
> > > > >=20
> > > > > What if the user is requesting access to a new application?=20
> > > > > which could
> > > > > also involve the modification of the user's profile.=20
> > > > > If EMSK is not there, then what do I do? Restart the=20
> > session? No.
> > > > >=20
> > > > > At anyrate I belive that there could be other use cases...=20
> > > > I gave two
> > > > > reason why:
> > > > >=20
> > > > > Just-in-time;
> > > > > Dynamic-Application provisioning.
> > > >=20
> > > > [Joe] Would you agree with the following:
> > > >=20
> > > > "For any specific application once the AMSK is=20
> generated for that=20
> > > > application there is no requirement to cache the EMSK for that=20
> > > > application, however there may be a need to cache the=20
> EMSK if the=20
> > > > system requires other Masks to be generated. "
> > > >=20
> > > > This makes the caching more of a system issue than an=20
> > issue for one
> > > > particular application.  =20
> > > >=20
> > > >=20
> _________________________________________________________________
> > > > To unsubscribe or modify your subscription options,=20
> please visit:
> > > > http://lists.frascone.com/mailman/listinfo/eap
> > > >=20
> > > > Arhives: http://lists.frascone.com/pipermail/eap
> > > >=20
> > >=20
> >=20
>=20
_________________________________________________________________
To unsubscribe or modify your subscription options, please visit:
http://lists.frascone.com/mailman/listinfo/eap

Arhives: http://lists.frascone.com/pipermail/eap



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Subject: RE: [eap] Strawman -10/EMSK deletion requirement?
Date: Wed, 8 Mar 2006 17:38:19 -0800
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From: "Narayanan, Vidya" <vidyan@qualcomm.com>
To: "Salowey, Joe" <jsalowey@cisco.com>,
	"Avi Lior" <avi@bridgewatersystems.com>,
	"Jari Arkko" <jari.arkko@piuha.net>
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Putting all this together, is it fair to say this then?=20

"The EMSK MUST NOT be used to generate any keys other than AMSKs needed
for the same EAP peer that owns the EMSK. The EMSK MUST NOT be
transported out of the EAP (AAA?) Layer and MUST be deleted when the
corresponding EAP session expires. Further, an EMSK MUST NOT be used to
generate more than one AMSK for a given application. If more keys are
needed for an application, those may be derived from the AMSK
subsequently by the entities sharing the AMSK. It is RECOMMENDED that
all necessary AMSKs corresponding to various applications be generated
immediately upon EMSK generation and that the EMSK be deleted right away
thereafter."=20

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Salowey, Joe [mailto:jsalowey@cisco.com]=20
> Sent: Wednesday, March 08, 2006 5:29 PM
> To: Avi Lior; Narayanan, Vidya; Jari Arkko
> Cc: eap@frascone.com
> Subject: RE: [eap] Strawman -10/EMSK deletion requirement?
>=20
> I would add that the AMSK for a particular application should=20
> be derived such that once the AMSK is derived for that=20
> application there is no need to continue to use the EMSK for=20
> derivation of additional keys for that application. =20
>=20
> > -----Original Message-----
> > From: Avi Lior [mailto:avi@bridgewatersystems.com]
> > Sent: Wednesday, March 08, 2006 10:24 AM
> > To: Salowey, Joe; Narayanan, Vidya; Jari Arkko
> > Cc: eap@frascone.com
> > Subject: RE: [eap] Strawman -10/EMSK deletion requirement?
> >=20
> > So there might be reason for caching the EMSKs.  So=20
> language like the
> > following:
> >=20
> > EMSK is used strictly for generating AMSKs.
> >=20
> > EMSK is not transported out of the EAP Authentication Server Layer.
> >=20
> > EMSK MUST be deleted when the session for which it was created is=20
> > deleted.
> >=20
> > EMSK SHOULD be deleted sooner, when it is no longer required. =20
> >=20
> > > -----Original Message-----
> > > From: Salowey, Joe [mailto:jsalowey@cisco.com]
> > > Sent: Wednesday, March 08, 2006 1:23 PM
> > > To: Narayanan, Vidya; Avi Lior; Jari Arkko
> > > Cc: eap@frascone.com
> > > Subject: RE: [eap] Strawman -10/EMSK deletion requirement?
> > >=20
> > > The EMSK is the root of all AMSKs, so a compromise of the EMSK=20
> > > compromises all AMSKs.  Therefore I would like to see the EMSK=20
> > > protected as much as possible.  Once the EMSK is securely=20
> deleted it=20
> > > cannot be compromised. I would like to see applications be as=20
> > > independent from one another as possible and not have one=20
> > > application require the EMSK be cached once its AMSK is=20
> generated.=20
> > > This implies a deeper key hierarchy than if an=20
> application derives=20
> > > all of its keys directly from the EMSK.
> > >=20
> > > Caching itself is new functionality in the system, but=20
> seems to be=20
> > > required whether you cache AMSK or EMSK.  I don't really have a=20
> > > problem with caching the EMSK if it is required at the=20
> system level=20
> > > because all applications are not known at the right time.=20
>  It think=20
> > > it may be OK for an implementation to cache the EMSK for its own=20
> > > optimizations, but I would prefer that the caching of the=20
> EMSK not=20
> > > be required for any particular AMSK usage.  Since an AMSK is=20
> > > exportable you have more options on where it can be cached.
> > >=20
> > > Hope this helps,
> > >=20
> > > Joe
> > >=20
> > > > -----Original Message-----
> > > > From: Narayanan, Vidya [mailto:vidyan@qualcomm.com]
> > > > Sent: Tuesday, March 07, 2006 12:40 PM
> > > > To: Salowey, Joe; Avi Lior; Jari Arkko
> > > > Cc: eap@frascone.com
> > > > Subject: RE: [eap] Strawman -10/EMSK deletion requirement?
> > > >=20
> > > > Joe,
> > > > I can see the problem with transporting the EMSK to other
> > > entities -
> > > > however, what really is the concern with caching the EMSK
> > > as long as
> > > > it is never exported? Is it just the concern of having to
> > maintain
> > > > state or is there a security concern here?
> > > >=20
> > > > Vidya
> > > >=20
> > > > > -----Original Message-----
> > > > > From: Salowey, Joe [mailto:jsalowey@cisco.com]
> > > > > Sent: Monday, March 06, 2006 2:04 PM
> > > > > To: Avi Lior; Jari Arkko
> > > > > Cc: eap@frascone.com
> > > > > Subject: RE: [eap] Strawman -10/EMSK deletion requirement?
> > > > >=20
> > > > > Hi Avi,
> > > > >=20
> > > > > >=20
> > > > > > Perhaps you missed my poorly stated point :-)
> > > > > >=20
> > > > > > What if the user is requesting access to a new application?=20
> > > > > > which could
> > > > > > also involve the modification of the user's profile.=20
> > > > > > If EMSK is not there, then what do I do? Restart the
> > > session? No.
> > > > > >=20
> > > > > > At anyrate I belive that there could be other use cases...=20
> > > > > I gave two
> > > > > > reason why:
> > > > > >=20
> > > > > > Just-in-time;
> > > > > > Dynamic-Application provisioning.
> > > > >=20
> > > > > [Joe] Would you agree with the following:
> > > > >=20
> > > > > "For any specific application once the AMSK is
> > generated for that
> > > > > application there is no requirement to cache the EMSK=20
> for that=20
> > > > > application, however there may be a need to cache the
> > EMSK if the
> > > > > system requires other Masks to be generated. "
> > > > >=20
> > > > > This makes the caching more of a system issue than an
> > > issue for one
> > > > > particular application.  =20
> > > > >=20
> > > > >=20
> > _________________________________________________________________
> > > > > To unsubscribe or modify your subscription options,
> > please visit:
> > > > > http://lists.frascone.com/mailman/listinfo/eap
> > > > >=20
> > > > > Arhives: http://lists.frascone.com/pipermail/eap
> > > > >=20
> > > >=20
> > >=20
> >=20
>=20
_________________________________________________________________
To unsubscribe or modify your subscription options, please visit:
http://lists.frascone.com/mailman/listinfo/eap

Arhives: http://lists.frascone.com/pipermail/eap



From afzelia@cityofmyrtlebeach.com Thu Mar 09 00:46:05 2006
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CWTD files Change of directors, Mr. Ha to lead CWTD into a prosperous 2006

Pro filed:  China World Trade Corporation
La st Trade:  $1.32

Official announcement of the Appointment of Mr Man Ha to the position 
of CFO is expected later this week. Change of directors was filed on 
Feb 28th. With over 20 years experience, Mr. Ha will bring a great 
deal to the table to continue the advancement of CWTD in the coming 
year.

Just read the release connected with the filing.

On February 28, 2006, the Registrant announced the appointment 
of Mr. Man Ha to the position of Chief Financial Officer, 
effective immediately. Mr. Ha had previously served the Registrant 
in the capacity of Deputy Chief Financial Officer.   


Mr. Ha, aged 43, has over 20 years of experience in the areas of 
auditing, transaction advisory services and commercial fields. 
In the past, he was executive director, group financial controller 
and company secretary of several publicly traded companies that 
were listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange. 


Mr. Ha holds a Masters Degree in Professional Accounting from the 
Open University of Hong Kong. He is also a fellow member of The 
Association of Chartered Certified Accountants and The Hong Kong 
Institute of Certified Public Accountants. 

Most analysts agree that China is the next place to look for future 
investments. CWTD is the one to pick, check them out first thing Thursday



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----- Original Message -----=20
From: Souza Nathaniel=20
To: falblemn@orofino-id.com=20
Sent: Monday, March 6, 2006 11:48 AM
Subject: eap-archive



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<DIV style=3D"FONT: 10pt arial">----- Original Message -----=20
<DIV style=3D"BACKGROUND: #e4e4e4; font-color: black"><B>From:</B> <A=20
title=3DSouza Nathaniel =
href=3D"mailto:wncbhyp@pacificvisionpartners.com ">Souza Nathaniel</A>=20
</DIV>
<DIV><B>To:</B> <A title=3Dfalblemn@orofino-id.com=20
href=3D"mailto:falblemn@orofino-id.com">falblemn@orofino-id.com</A> </DIV>
<DIV><B>Sent:</B> Monday, March 6, 2006 11:48 AM</DIV>
<DIV><B>Subject:</B> eap-archive</DIV></DIV>
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From furuxus@009.com Thu Mar 09 04:55:43 2006
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From Mr.Ahmadatxu@yahoo.dk Thu Mar 09 05:11:57 2006
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They were luminescent without having form or light..
I give thee the first suggestion, the problem and indirection,)=20.
Velvet robe of a queen..
Out of the darkness, the ignorance, the night.=20.
'I guess I never really thought about it much.'.

Thanks,

Darren Kuhn



From eap-bounces+eap-archive=lists.ietf.org@frascone.com Thu Mar 09 06:21:41 2006
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To: "Glen Zorn (gwz)" <gwz@cisco.com>
Subject: Re: [eap] Strawman -10/EMSK deletion requirement?
References: <4C0FAAC489C8B74F96BEAD85EAEB262501A9D36B@xmb-sjc-215.amer.cisco.com>
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Glen Zorn (gwz) wrote:

>Joseph Salowey (jsalowey) <> supposedly scribbled:
>
>  
>
>>The EMSK is the root of all AMSKs, so a compromise of the EMSK
>>compromises all AMSKs.  Therefore I would like to see the EMSK
>>protected as much as possible.  Once the EMSK is securely deleted it
>>cannot be compromised. 
>>    
>>
>
>OK, but is that not equally true of Jari's proposed AMSK_root_0 approach?
>  
>
The problem is that since EMSK is the root, its compromise will
lead to the compromise of all derived keys. This also holds
locally for the AMSK_root_0 approach. That is, if AMSK_root_0
is compromised then any keys derived from that root are
compromised (but not keys in other apps).

--Jari

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Avi Lior wrote:

>Perhaps you missed my poorly stated point :-)
>
>What if the user is requesting access to a new application? which could
>also involve the modification of the user's profile. 
>If EMSK is not there, then what do I do? Restart the session? No.
>
>At anyrate I belive that there could be other use cases... I gave two
>reason why:
>
>Just-in-time;
>Dynamic-Application provisioning.
>  
>
Ok. I'm starting to be convinced that we need to support some
form of dynamic behaviour with regards to AMSKs.

--Jari

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Narayanan, Vidya wrote:

>Putting all this together, is it fair to say this then? 
>
>"The EMSK MUST NOT be used to generate any keys other than AMSKs needed
>for the same EAP peer that owns the EMSK. The EMSK MUST NOT be
>transported out of the EAP (AAA?) Layer and MUST be deleted when the
>corresponding EAP session expires. Further, an EMSK MUST NOT be used to
>generate more than one AMSK for a given application. If more keys are
>needed for an application, those may be derived from the AMSK
>subsequently by the entities sharing the AMSK. It is RECOMMENDED that
>all necessary AMSKs corresponding to various applications be generated
>immediately upon EMSK generation and that the EMSK be deleted right away
>thereafter." 
>  
>
I think I can live with this text. As I said in a previous e-mail, I have
been convinced that we need to support some form of dynamic
generation of AMSKs.

We also seem to be coming to a consensus on keeping the EMSK
at the server side.

But I still have a few nagging thoughts:

1. In order to avoid a situation that suddenly all AAA servers need to start
    keeping state, do we need  to require an authorization profile
    flag, configuration knob, or attribute to signal the need for
    keeping state?

2. The text does not tell us how to determine when all necessary
    AMSKs have been generated.

--Jari

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From: Jari Arkko <jari.arkko@piuha.net>
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Subject: [eap] EAP WG agenda for IETF-65, take one
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Here's the initial plan for our session in Dallas. 
Send e-mail to the co-chairs if you have suggestions
or other input regarding this agenda.

Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP) WG
WEDNESDAY, March 22 2006
Room Metropolitan
Other WGs meeting at this time: crisp, nemo, psamp, sipping, sidr, dkim

1. Administrative (Chairs)
   - Notes takers
   - Agenda bashing
   - Document status

2. Remaining keying issues (Bernard Aboba)

   http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-eap-keying-10.txt

   Close the remaining issues. We do have some hope that they
   are already closed before Dallas, in which case this agenda
   item will be deleted.

3. Remaining network selection issues (Jouni Korhonen, Farooq Bari)

   http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-eap-netsel-problem-03.txt

   Close issues from the WGLC.

4. Generic EAP encapsulation proposal (Barany, Dondeti, Narayanan)

   http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-barany-eap-gee-00.txt

   Provide feedback from the EAP community on this proposal.

   (This item will be discussed if there is time left after the
   two above ones, given that we are attempting to close the
   final WG deliverables.)

5. AOB


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Subject: RE: [eap] Strawman -10/EMSK deletion requirement?
Date: Thu, 9 Mar 2006 09:20:47 -0500
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From: "Avi Lior" <avi@bridgewatersystems.com>
To: "Salowey, Joe" <jsalowey@cisco.com>,
	"Narayanan, Vidya" <vidyan@qualcomm.com>,
	"Jari Arkko" <jari.arkko@piuha.net>
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Hi Joe

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Salowey, Joe [mailto:jsalowey@cisco.com]=20
> Sent: Wednesday, March 08, 2006 8:29 PM
> To: Avi Lior; Narayanan, Vidya; Jari Arkko
> Cc: eap@frascone.com
> Subject: RE: [eap] Strawman -10/EMSK deletion requirement?
>=20
> I would add that the AMSK for a particular application should=20
> be derived such that once the AMSK is derived for that=20
> application there is no need to continue to use the EMSK for=20
> derivation of additional keys for that application. =20

Yes I totally agree.  AMSK derivation happens within the EAP Auth
Server.  Derived keys from AMSK happen within KeyHolder/KeyGenerator
function which is external to the EAP Auth Server.

=20
> > -----Original Message-----
> > From: Avi Lior [mailto:avi@bridgewatersystems.com]
> > Sent: Wednesday, March 08, 2006 10:24 AM
> > To: Salowey, Joe; Narayanan, Vidya; Jari Arkko
> > Cc: eap@frascone.com
> > Subject: RE: [eap] Strawman -10/EMSK deletion requirement?
> >=20
> > So there might be reason for caching the EMSKs.  So=20
> language like the
> > following:
> >=20
> > EMSK is used strictly for generating AMSKs.
> >=20
> > EMSK is not transported out of the EAP Authentication Server Layer.
> >=20
> > EMSK MUST be deleted when the session for which it was created is=20
> > deleted.
> >=20
> > EMSK SHOULD be deleted sooner, when it is no longer required. =20
> >=20
> > > -----Original Message-----
> > > From: Salowey, Joe [mailto:jsalowey@cisco.com]
> > > Sent: Wednesday, March 08, 2006 1:23 PM
> > > To: Narayanan, Vidya; Avi Lior; Jari Arkko
> > > Cc: eap@frascone.com
> > > Subject: RE: [eap] Strawman -10/EMSK deletion requirement?
> > >=20
> > > The EMSK is the root of all AMSKs, so a compromise of the EMSK=20
> > > compromises all AMSKs.  Therefore I would like to see the EMSK=20
> > > protected as much as possible.  Once the EMSK is securely=20
> deleted it=20
> > > cannot be compromised. I would like to see applications be as=20
> > > independent from one another as possible and not have one=20
> > > application require the EMSK be cached once its AMSK is=20
> generated.=20
> > > This implies a deeper key hierarchy than if an=20
> application derives=20
> > > all of its keys directly from the EMSK.
> > >=20
> > > Caching itself is new functionality in the system, but=20
> seems to be=20
> > > required whether you cache AMSK or EMSK.  I don't really have a=20
> > > problem with caching the EMSK if it is required at the=20
> system level=20
> > > because all applications are not known at the right time.=20
>  It think=20
> > > it may be OK for an implementation to cache the EMSK for its own=20
> > > optimizations, but I would prefer that the caching of the=20
> EMSK not=20
> > > be required for any particular AMSK usage.  Since an AMSK is=20
> > > exportable you have more options on where it can be cached.
> > >=20
> > > Hope this helps,
> > >=20
> > > Joe
> > >=20
> > > > -----Original Message-----
> > > > From: Narayanan, Vidya [mailto:vidyan@qualcomm.com]
> > > > Sent: Tuesday, March 07, 2006 12:40 PM
> > > > To: Salowey, Joe; Avi Lior; Jari Arkko
> > > > Cc: eap@frascone.com
> > > > Subject: RE: [eap] Strawman -10/EMSK deletion requirement?
> > > >=20
> > > > Joe,
> > > > I can see the problem with transporting the EMSK to other
> > > entities -
> > > > however, what really is the concern with caching the EMSK
> > > as long as
> > > > it is never exported? Is it just the concern of having to
> > maintain
> > > > state or is there a security concern here?
> > > >=20
> > > > Vidya
> > > >=20
> > > > > -----Original Message-----
> > > > > From: Salowey, Joe [mailto:jsalowey@cisco.com]
> > > > > Sent: Monday, March 06, 2006 2:04 PM
> > > > > To: Avi Lior; Jari Arkko
> > > > > Cc: eap@frascone.com
> > > > > Subject: RE: [eap] Strawman -10/EMSK deletion requirement?
> > > > >=20
> > > > > Hi Avi,
> > > > >=20
> > > > > >=20
> > > > > > Perhaps you missed my poorly stated point :-)
> > > > > >=20
> > > > > > What if the user is requesting access to a new application?=20
> > > > > > which could
> > > > > > also involve the modification of the user's profile.=20
> > > > > > If EMSK is not there, then what do I do? Restart the
> > > session? No.
> > > > > >=20
> > > > > > At anyrate I belive that there could be other use cases...=20
> > > > > I gave two
> > > > > > reason why:
> > > > > >=20
> > > > > > Just-in-time;
> > > > > > Dynamic-Application provisioning.
> > > > >=20
> > > > > [Joe] Would you agree with the following:
> > > > >=20
> > > > > "For any specific application once the AMSK is
> > generated for that
> > > > > application there is no requirement to cache the EMSK=20
> for that=20
> > > > > application, however there may be a need to cache the
> > EMSK if the
> > > > > system requires other Masks to be generated. "
> > > > >=20
> > > > > This makes the caching more of a system issue than an
> > > issue for one
> > > > > particular application.  =20
> > > > >=20
> > > > >=20
> > _________________________________________________________________
> > > > > To unsubscribe or modify your subscription options,
> > please visit:
> > > > > http://lists.frascone.com/mailman/listinfo/eap
> > > > >=20
> > > > > Arhives: http://lists.frascone.com/pipermail/eap
> > > > >=20
> > > >=20
> > >=20
> >=20
>=20
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Subject: RE: [eap] Strawman -10/EMSK deletion requirement?
Date: Thu, 9 Mar 2006 10:05:07 -0500
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From: "Avi Lior" <avi@bridgewatersystems.com>
To: "Narayanan, Vidya" <vidyan@qualcomm.com>,
	"Salowey, Joe" <jsalowey@cisco.com>,
	"Jari Arkko" <jari.arkko@piuha.net>
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Hi,
I would like to modify what you wrote as follows:

> "The EMSK MUST NOT be used to generate any keys other than=20
> AMSKs needed for the same EAP peer that owns the EMSK.=20

The EMSK MUST NOT be used to generate any keys other than AMSKs needed
for the same session for which the EMSK was generated.

> The=20
> EMSK MUST NOT be transported out of the EAP (AAA?) Layer and=20
> MUST be deleted when the corresponding EAP session expires.

Replace EAP (AAA?) with EAP Authentication Server; and "corresponding
EAP session expires" with 'corresponding session has ended'.

Motivation for above: Not sure if EAP session is defined; and you delete
the EMSK when the session is terminated either because it expired or
because it was explicitly terminated.
=20
> Further, an EMSK MUST NOT be used to generate more than one=20
> AMSK for a given application.=20

I am not sure that the above does not pose a threat.  Normally we would
think that one Application would require one AMSK.  But since we are not
defining what an application is -- and we shouldn't IMO enter that rat
hole.  Then what if there was some application that requires an two
AMSKs.?  Is there harm?

> If more keys are needed for an=20
> application, those may be derived from the AMSK subsequently=20
> by the entities sharing the AMSK.=20

I don't think you need the 'subsequently by entities sharing the AMSK'.
I can give one example of one application where  there there is only one
entity that receives the AMSK.  That entity generates the keys needed by
the applications and transports those keys to elements that need the
key.  The AMSK is not transported at all.

> It is RECOMMENDED that all=20
> necessary AMSKs corresponding to various applications be=20
> generated immediately upon EMSK generation and that the EMSK=20
> be deleted right away thereafter." =20

I prefer:

Once all AMSKs have been derived and the EMSK is not needed it shall be
deleted.



> -----Original Message-----
> From: Narayanan, Vidya [mailto:vidyan@qualcomm.com]=20
> Sent: Wednesday, March 08, 2006 8:38 PM
> To: Salowey, Joe; Avi Lior; Jari Arkko
> Cc: eap@frascone.com
> Subject: RE: [eap] Strawman -10/EMSK deletion requirement?
>=20
>=20
> Putting all this together, is it fair to say this then?=20
>=20
> "The EMSK MUST NOT be used to generate any keys other than=20
> AMSKs needed for the same EAP peer that owns the EMSK. The=20
> EMSK MUST NOT be transported out of the EAP (AAA?) Layer and=20
> MUST be deleted when the corresponding EAP session expires.=20
> Further, an EMSK MUST NOT be used to generate more than one=20
> AMSK for a given application. If more keys are needed for an=20
> application, those may be derived from the AMSK subsequently=20
> by the entities sharing the AMSK. It is RECOMMENDED that all=20
> necessary AMSKs corresponding to various applications be=20
> generated immediately upon EMSK generation and that the EMSK=20
> be deleted right away thereafter."=20
>=20
> > -----Original Message-----
> > From: Salowey, Joe [mailto:jsalowey@cisco.com]
> > Sent: Wednesday, March 08, 2006 5:29 PM
> > To: Avi Lior; Narayanan, Vidya; Jari Arkko
> > Cc: eap@frascone.com
> > Subject: RE: [eap] Strawman -10/EMSK deletion requirement?
> >=20
> > I would add that the AMSK for a particular application should be=20
> > derived such that once the AMSK is derived for that=20
> application there=20
> > is no need to continue to use the EMSK for derivation of additional=20
> > keys for that application.
> >=20
> > > -----Original Message-----
> > > From: Avi Lior [mailto:avi@bridgewatersystems.com]
> > > Sent: Wednesday, March 08, 2006 10:24 AM
> > > To: Salowey, Joe; Narayanan, Vidya; Jari Arkko
> > > Cc: eap@frascone.com
> > > Subject: RE: [eap] Strawman -10/EMSK deletion requirement?
> > >=20
> > > So there might be reason for caching the EMSKs.  So
> > language like the
> > > following:
> > >=20
> > > EMSK is used strictly for generating AMSKs.
> > >=20
> > > EMSK is not transported out of the EAP Authentication=20
> Server Layer.
> > >=20
> > > EMSK MUST be deleted when the session for which it was created is=20
> > > deleted.
> > >=20
> > > EMSK SHOULD be deleted sooner, when it is no longer required. =20
> > >=20
> > > > -----Original Message-----
> > > > From: Salowey, Joe [mailto:jsalowey@cisco.com]
> > > > Sent: Wednesday, March 08, 2006 1:23 PM
> > > > To: Narayanan, Vidya; Avi Lior; Jari Arkko
> > > > Cc: eap@frascone.com
> > > > Subject: RE: [eap] Strawman -10/EMSK deletion requirement?
> > > >=20
> > > > The EMSK is the root of all AMSKs, so a compromise of the EMSK=20
> > > > compromises all AMSKs.  Therefore I would like to see the EMSK=20
> > > > protected as much as possible.  Once the EMSK is securely
> > deleted it
> > > > cannot be compromised. I would like to see applications be as=20
> > > > independent from one another as possible and not have one=20
> > > > application require the EMSK be cached once its AMSK is
> > generated.=20
> > > > This implies a deeper key hierarchy than if an
> > application derives
> > > > all of its keys directly from the EMSK.
> > > >=20
> > > > Caching itself is new functionality in the system, but
> > seems to be
> > > > required whether you cache AMSK or EMSK.  I don't really have a=20
> > > > problem with caching the EMSK if it is required at the
> > system level
> > > > because all applications are not known at the right time.=20
> >  It think
> > > > it may be OK for an implementation to cache the EMSK=20
> for its own=20
> > > > optimizations, but I would prefer that the caching of the
> > EMSK not
> > > > be required for any particular AMSK usage.  Since an AMSK is=20
> > > > exportable you have more options on where it can be cached.
> > > >=20
> > > > Hope this helps,
> > > >=20
> > > > Joe
> > > >=20
> > > > > -----Original Message-----
> > > > > From: Narayanan, Vidya [mailto:vidyan@qualcomm.com]
> > > > > Sent: Tuesday, March 07, 2006 12:40 PM
> > > > > To: Salowey, Joe; Avi Lior; Jari Arkko
> > > > > Cc: eap@frascone.com
> > > > > Subject: RE: [eap] Strawman -10/EMSK deletion requirement?
> > > > >=20
> > > > > Joe,
> > > > > I can see the problem with transporting the EMSK to other
> > > > entities -
> > > > > however, what really is the concern with caching the EMSK
> > > > as long as
> > > > > it is never exported? Is it just the concern of having to
> > > maintain
> > > > > state or is there a security concern here?
> > > > >=20
> > > > > Vidya
> > > > >=20
> > > > > > -----Original Message-----
> > > > > > From: Salowey, Joe [mailto:jsalowey@cisco.com]
> > > > > > Sent: Monday, March 06, 2006 2:04 PM
> > > > > > To: Avi Lior; Jari Arkko
> > > > > > Cc: eap@frascone.com
> > > > > > Subject: RE: [eap] Strawman -10/EMSK deletion requirement?
> > > > > >=20
> > > > > > Hi Avi,
> > > > > >=20
> > > > > > >=20
> > > > > > > Perhaps you missed my poorly stated point :-)
> > > > > > >=20
> > > > > > > What if the user is requesting access to a new=20
> application?=20
> > > > > > > which could
> > > > > > > also involve the modification of the user's profile.=20
> > > > > > > If EMSK is not there, then what do I do? Restart the
> > > > session? No.
> > > > > > >=20
> > > > > > > At anyrate I belive that there could be other use=20
> cases...=20
> > > > > > I gave two
> > > > > > > reason why:
> > > > > > >=20
> > > > > > > Just-in-time;
> > > > > > > Dynamic-Application provisioning.
> > > > > >=20
> > > > > > [Joe] Would you agree with the following:
> > > > > >=20
> > > > > > "For any specific application once the AMSK is
> > > generated for that
> > > > > > application there is no requirement to cache the EMSK
> > for that
> > > > > > application, however there may be a need to cache the
> > > EMSK if the
> > > > > > system requires other Masks to be generated. "
> > > > > >=20
> > > > > > This makes the caching more of a system issue than an
> > > > issue for one
> > > > > > particular application.  =20
> > > > > >=20
> > > > > >=20
> > > _________________________________________________________________
> > > > > > To unsubscribe or modify your subscription options,
> > > please visit:
> > > > > > http://lists.frascone.com/mailman/listinfo/eap
> > > > > >=20
> > > > > > Arhives: http://lists.frascone.com/pipermail/eap
> > > > > >=20
> > > > >=20
> > > >=20
> > >=20
> >=20
>=20
_________________________________________________________________
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Subject: RE: [eap] Strawman -10/EMSK deletion requirement?
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From: "Narayanan, Vidya" <vidyan@qualcomm.com>
To: "Jari Arkko" <jari.arkko@piuha.net>
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>=20
> >Putting all this together, is it fair to say this then?=20
> >
> >"The EMSK MUST NOT be used to generate any keys other than=20
> AMSKs needed=20
> >for the same EAP peer that owns the EMSK. The EMSK MUST NOT be=20
> >transported out of the EAP (AAA?) Layer and MUST be deleted when the=20
> >corresponding EAP session expires. Further, an EMSK MUST NOT=20
> be used to=20
> >generate more than one AMSK for a given application. If more=20
> keys are=20
> >needed for an application, those may be derived from the AMSK=20
> >subsequently by the entities sharing the AMSK. It is=20
> RECOMMENDED that=20
> >all necessary AMSKs corresponding to various applications be=20
> generated=20
> >immediately upon EMSK generation and that the EMSK be deleted right=20
> >away thereafter."
> > =20
> >
> I think I can live with this text. As I said in a previous=20
> e-mail, I have been convinced that we need to support some=20
> form of dynamic generation of AMSKs.
>=20
> We also seem to be coming to a consensus on keeping the EMSK=20
> at the server side.
>=20
> But I still have a few nagging thoughts:
>=20
> 1. In order to avoid a situation that suddenly all AAA=20
> servers need to start
>     keeping state, do we need  to require an authorization profile
>     flag, configuration knob, or attribute to signal the need for
>     keeping state?
>=20

I wonder if this could be handled by policy alone. A flag or signal
would be better and more explicit - did you think this would be signaled
by the peer? The authenticator will not have sufficient knowledge about
the applications that the peer is interested in and hence this should
probably come from the peer - now, we are talking about introducing this
into EAP messaging - right?=20

> 2. The text does not tell us how to determine when all necessary
>     AMSKs have been generated.
>=20

Maybe the text should also say "The server may have policies to indicate
the number of AMSKs a peer is authorized for - once those are derived,
the EMSK is deleted" - ?=20

-Vidya
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Subject: RE: [eap] Strawman -10/EMSK deletion requirement?
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From: "Narayanan, Vidya" <vidyan@qualcomm.com>
To: "Avi Lior" <avi@bridgewatersystems.com>,
	"Salowey, Joe" <jsalowey@cisco.com>,
	"Jari Arkko" <jari.arkko@piuha.net>
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Hi Avi,
=20
> Hi,
> I would like to modify what you wrote as follows:
>=20
> > "The EMSK MUST NOT be used to generate any keys other than AMSKs=20
> > needed for the same EAP peer that owns the EMSK.
>=20
> The EMSK MUST NOT be used to generate any keys other than=20
> AMSKs needed for the same session for which the EMSK was generated.
>=20

Sounds good.=20

> > The
> > EMSK MUST NOT be transported out of the EAP (AAA?) Layer=20
> and MUST be=20
> > deleted when the corresponding EAP session expires.
>=20
> Replace EAP (AAA?) with EAP Authentication Server; and=20
> "corresponding EAP session expires" with 'corresponding=20
> session has ended'.
>=20

I guess when you say EAP Authentication Server, it is a bit vague about
whether that is the EAP layer or AAA layer. I'm not sure if there is
value in clarifying this or if it makes more sense to leave it to
implementation. =20

> Motivation for above: Not sure if EAP session is defined; and=20
> you delete the EMSK when the session is terminated either=20
> because it expired or because it was explicitly terminated.
> =20

Could we say "corresponding session has either expired or been
terminated"?=20

> > Further, an EMSK MUST NOT be used to generate more than one=20
> AMSK for a=20
> > given application.
>=20
> I am not sure that the above does not pose a threat. =20
> Normally we would think that one Application would require=20
> one AMSK.  But since we are not defining what an application=20
> is -- and we shouldn't IMO enter that rat hole.  Then what if=20
> there was some application that requires an two AMSKs.?  Is=20
> there harm?
>=20

Hmmm. If an application requires more than one key, would there really
be a case where creation of a root AMSK and subsequent keys from that
root AMSK not work? I'm wondering why you need to create multiple AMSKs
for the same application directly from the EMSK. I'd personally like to
have no more than one key coming out of the EMSK for the same key label
(unique per application) in AMSK derivation.=20

> > If more keys are needed for an
> > application, those may be derived from the AMSK subsequently by the=20
> > entities sharing the AMSK.
>=20
> I don't think you need the 'subsequently by entities sharing=20
> the AMSK'.
> I can give one example of one application where  there there=20
> is only one entity that receives the AMSK.  That entity=20
> generates the keys needed by the applications and transports=20
> those keys to elements that need the key.  The AMSK is not=20
> transported at all.
>=20

Fair enough. I was trying to get at the fact that subsequent keys should
not be derived for entities other than the ones the AMSK was meant for -
maybe that restriction itself isn't really needed.=20

> > It is RECOMMENDED that all
> > necessary AMSKs corresponding to various applications be generated=20
> > immediately upon EMSK generation and that the EMSK be deleted right=20
> > away thereafter."
>=20
> I prefer:
>=20
> Once all AMSKs have been derived and the EMSK is not needed=20
> it shall be deleted.
>=20

To Joe's earlier points (about trying to keep the EMSK as secure as
possible and delete it as quickly as possible), I would like to see this
recommendation. Maybe appending the former text with "When this is not
feasible, the EMSK MUST be deleted once all the AMSKs have been derived"
makes sense?=20

-Vidya

>=20
>=20
> > -----Original Message-----
> > From: Narayanan, Vidya [mailto:vidyan@qualcomm.com]
> > Sent: Wednesday, March 08, 2006 8:38 PM
> > To: Salowey, Joe; Avi Lior; Jari Arkko
> > Cc: eap@frascone.com
> > Subject: RE: [eap] Strawman -10/EMSK deletion requirement?
> >=20
> >=20
> > Putting all this together, is it fair to say this then?=20
> >=20
> > "The EMSK MUST NOT be used to generate any keys other than AMSKs=20
> > needed for the same EAP peer that owns the EMSK. The EMSK=20
> MUST NOT be=20
> > transported out of the EAP (AAA?) Layer and MUST be deleted=20
> when the=20
> > corresponding EAP session expires.
> > Further, an EMSK MUST NOT be used to generate more than one=20
> AMSK for a=20
> > given application. If more keys are needed for an=20
> application, those=20
> > may be derived from the AMSK subsequently by the entities=20
> sharing the=20
> > AMSK. It is RECOMMENDED that all necessary AMSKs corresponding to=20
> > various applications be generated immediately upon EMSK=20
> generation and=20
> > that the EMSK be deleted right away thereafter."
> >=20
> > > -----Original Message-----
> > > From: Salowey, Joe [mailto:jsalowey@cisco.com]
> > > Sent: Wednesday, March 08, 2006 5:29 PM
> > > To: Avi Lior; Narayanan, Vidya; Jari Arkko
> > > Cc: eap@frascone.com
> > > Subject: RE: [eap] Strawman -10/EMSK deletion requirement?
> > >=20
> > > I would add that the AMSK for a particular application should be=20
> > > derived such that once the AMSK is derived for that
> > application there
> > > is no need to continue to use the EMSK for derivation of=20
> additional=20
> > > keys for that application.
> > >=20
> > > > -----Original Message-----
> > > > From: Avi Lior [mailto:avi@bridgewatersystems.com]
> > > > Sent: Wednesday, March 08, 2006 10:24 AM
> > > > To: Salowey, Joe; Narayanan, Vidya; Jari Arkko
> > > > Cc: eap@frascone.com
> > > > Subject: RE: [eap] Strawman -10/EMSK deletion requirement?
> > > >=20
> > > > So there might be reason for caching the EMSKs.  So
> > > language like the
> > > > following:
> > > >=20
> > > > EMSK is used strictly for generating AMSKs.
> > > >=20
> > > > EMSK is not transported out of the EAP Authentication
> > Server Layer.
> > > >=20
> > > > EMSK MUST be deleted when the session for which it was=20
> created is=20
> > > > deleted.
> > > >=20
> > > > EMSK SHOULD be deleted sooner, when it is no longer required. =20
> > > >=20
> > > > > -----Original Message-----
> > > > > From: Salowey, Joe [mailto:jsalowey@cisco.com]
> > > > > Sent: Wednesday, March 08, 2006 1:23 PM
> > > > > To: Narayanan, Vidya; Avi Lior; Jari Arkko
> > > > > Cc: eap@frascone.com
> > > > > Subject: RE: [eap] Strawman -10/EMSK deletion requirement?
> > > > >=20
> > > > > The EMSK is the root of all AMSKs, so a compromise of=20
> the EMSK=20
> > > > > compromises all AMSKs.  Therefore I would like to see=20
> the EMSK=20
> > > > > protected as much as possible.  Once the EMSK is securely
> > > deleted it
> > > > > cannot be compromised. I would like to see applications be as=20
> > > > > independent from one another as possible and not have one=20
> > > > > application require the EMSK be cached once its AMSK is
> > > generated.=20
> > > > > This implies a deeper key hierarchy than if an
> > > application derives
> > > > > all of its keys directly from the EMSK.
> > > > >=20
> > > > > Caching itself is new functionality in the system, but
> > > seems to be
> > > > > required whether you cache AMSK or EMSK.  I don't=20
> really have a=20
> > > > > problem with caching the EMSK if it is required at the
> > > system level
> > > > > because all applications are not known at the right time.=20
> > >  It think
> > > > > it may be OK for an implementation to cache the EMSK
> > for its own
> > > > > optimizations, but I would prefer that the caching of the
> > > EMSK not
> > > > > be required for any particular AMSK usage.  Since an AMSK is=20
> > > > > exportable you have more options on where it can be cached.
> > > > >=20
> > > > > Hope this helps,
> > > > >=20
> > > > > Joe
> > > > >=20
> > > > > > -----Original Message-----
> > > > > > From: Narayanan, Vidya [mailto:vidyan@qualcomm.com]
> > > > > > Sent: Tuesday, March 07, 2006 12:40 PM
> > > > > > To: Salowey, Joe; Avi Lior; Jari Arkko
> > > > > > Cc: eap@frascone.com
> > > > > > Subject: RE: [eap] Strawman -10/EMSK deletion requirement?
> > > > > >=20
> > > > > > Joe,
> > > > > > I can see the problem with transporting the EMSK to other
> > > > > entities -
> > > > > > however, what really is the concern with caching the EMSK
> > > > > as long as
> > > > > > it is never exported? Is it just the concern of having to
> > > > maintain
> > > > > > state or is there a security concern here?
> > > > > >=20
> > > > > > Vidya
> > > > > >=20
> > > > > > > -----Original Message-----
> > > > > > > From: Salowey, Joe [mailto:jsalowey@cisco.com]
> > > > > > > Sent: Monday, March 06, 2006 2:04 PM
> > > > > > > To: Avi Lior; Jari Arkko
> > > > > > > Cc: eap@frascone.com
> > > > > > > Subject: RE: [eap] Strawman -10/EMSK deletion requirement?
> > > > > > >=20
> > > > > > > Hi Avi,
> > > > > > >=20
> > > > > > > >=20
> > > > > > > > Perhaps you missed my poorly stated point :-)
> > > > > > > >=20
> > > > > > > > What if the user is requesting access to a new
> > application?=20
> > > > > > > > which could
> > > > > > > > also involve the modification of the user's profile.=20
> > > > > > > > If EMSK is not there, then what do I do? Restart the
> > > > > session? No.
> > > > > > > >=20
> > > > > > > > At anyrate I belive that there could be other use
> > cases...=20
> > > > > > > I gave two
> > > > > > > > reason why:
> > > > > > > >=20
> > > > > > > > Just-in-time;
> > > > > > > > Dynamic-Application provisioning.
> > > > > > >=20
> > > > > > > [Joe] Would you agree with the following:
> > > > > > >=20
> > > > > > > "For any specific application once the AMSK is
> > > > generated for that
> > > > > > > application there is no requirement to cache the EMSK
> > > for that
> > > > > > > application, however there may be a need to cache the
> > > > EMSK if the
> > > > > > > system requires other Masks to be generated. "
> > > > > > >=20
> > > > > > > This makes the caching more of a system issue than an
> > > > > issue for one
> > > > > > > particular application.  =20
> > > > > > >=20
> > > > > > >=20
> > > >=20
> _________________________________________________________________
> > > > > > > To unsubscribe or modify your subscription options,
> > > > please visit:
> > > > > > > http://lists.frascone.com/mailman/listinfo/eap
> > > > > > >=20
> > > > > > > Arhives: http://lists.frascone.com/pipermail/eap
> > > > > > >=20
> > > > > >=20
> > > > >=20
> > > >=20
> > >=20
> >=20
>=20
_________________________________________________________________
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Subject: RE: [eap] Strawman -10/EMSK deletion requirement?
Date: Thu, 9 Mar 2006 11:45:18 -0500
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From: "Avi Lior" <avi@bridgewatersystems.com>
To: "Narayanan, Vidya" <vidyan@qualcomm.com>,
	"Salowey, Joe" <jsalowey@cisco.com>,
	"Jari Arkko" <jari.arkko@piuha.net>
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Hi=20

Please see inline...=20

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Narayanan, Vidya [mailto:vidyan@qualcomm.com]=20
> Sent: Thursday, March 09, 2006 10:43 AM
> To: Avi Lior; Salowey, Joe; Jari Arkko
> Cc: eap@frascone.com
> Subject: RE: [eap] Strawman -10/EMSK deletion requirement?
>=20
> Hi Avi,
> =20
> > Hi,
> > I would like to modify what you wrote as follows:
> >=20
> > > "The EMSK MUST NOT be used to generate any keys other than AMSKs=20
> > > needed for the same EAP peer that owns the EMSK.
> >=20
> > The EMSK MUST NOT be used to generate any keys other than=20
> AMSKs needed=20
> > for the same session for which the EMSK was generated.
> >=20
>=20
> Sounds good.=20
>=20
> > > The
> > > EMSK MUST NOT be transported out of the EAP (AAA?) Layer
> > and MUST be
> > > deleted when the corresponding EAP session expires.
> >=20
> > Replace EAP (AAA?) with EAP Authentication Server; and=20
> "corresponding=20
> > EAP session expires" with 'corresponding session has ended'.
> >=20
>=20
> I guess when you say EAP Authentication Server, it is a bit=20
> vague about whether that is the EAP layer or AAA layer. I'm=20
> not sure if there is value in clarifying this or if it makes=20
> more sense to leave it to implementation. =20

Well it is not happening in the AAA layer.  My understanding is that the
EAP Method executes within the EAP Auth Server.  EAP Auth Server may or
may not be colocated with the AAA server.

> > Motivation for above: Not sure if EAP session is defined; and you=20
> > delete the EMSK when the session is terminated either because it=20
> > expired or because it was explicitly terminated.
> > =20
>=20
> Could we say "corresponding session has either expired or=20
> been terminated"?=20

Sounds good.
>=20
> > > Further, an EMSK MUST NOT be used to generate more than one
> > AMSK for a
> > > given application.
> >=20
> > I am not sure that the above does not pose a threat. =20
> > Normally we would think that one Application would require=20
> one AMSK. =20
> > But since we are not defining what an application is -- and we=20
> > shouldn't IMO enter that rat hole.  Then what if there was some=20
> > application that requires an two AMSKs.?  Is there harm?
> >=20
>=20
> Hmmm. If an application requires more than one key, would=20
> there really be a case where creation of a root AMSK and=20
> subsequent keys from that root AMSK not work? I'm wondering=20
> why you need to create multiple AMSKs for the same=20
> application directly from the EMSK. I'd personally like to=20
> have no more than one key coming out of the EMSK for the same=20
> key label (unique per application) in AMSK derivation.=20

Lets get to right down to the label(s).  If I have an application called
foo, can I generate two AMSKs as follows:

AMSK-FOO-A =3D KGF(EMSK,"FOO-A" | ......)
AMSK-FOO-B =3D KGF(EMSK,"FOO-B" | ......)

I don't know why an application FOO would like to do this.  Maybe FOO
application is really two applications.   =20

But the point is, from a security perspective why does it matter?

> > > If more keys are needed for an
> > > application, those may be derived from the AMSK=20
> subsequently by the=20
> > > entities sharing the AMSK.
> >=20
> > I don't think you need the 'subsequently by entities sharing the=20
> > AMSK'.
> > I can give one example of one application where  there=20
> there is only=20
> > one entity that receives the AMSK.  That entity generates the keys=20
> > needed by the applications and transports those keys to=20
> elements that=20
> > need the key.  The AMSK is not transported at all.
> >=20
>=20
> Fair enough. I was trying to get at the fact that subsequent=20
> keys should not be derived for entities other than the ones=20
> the AMSK was meant for - maybe that restriction itself isn't=20
> really needed.=20
>=20
> > > It is RECOMMENDED that all
> > > necessary AMSKs corresponding to various applications be=20
> generated=20
> > > immediately upon EMSK generation and that the EMSK be=20
> deleted right=20
> > > away thereafter."
> >=20
> > I prefer:
> >=20
> > Once all AMSKs have been derived and the EMSK is not needed=20
> it shall=20
> > be deleted.
> >=20
>=20
> To Joe's earlier points (about trying to keep the EMSK as=20
> secure as possible and delete it as quickly as possible), I=20
> would like to see this recommendation. Maybe appending the=20
> former text with "When this is not feasible, the EMSK MUST be=20
> deleted once all the AMSKs have been derived"
> makes sense?=20

I think my statement addresses Joe's concern.  But I find the whole
concept of immediacy silly especially when EAP does not concern itself
with key lifetimes etc....

Why are we all of a sudden concerned about timelyness?

>=20
> -Vidya
>=20
> >=20
> >=20
> > > -----Original Message-----
> > > From: Narayanan, Vidya [mailto:vidyan@qualcomm.com]
> > > Sent: Wednesday, March 08, 2006 8:38 PM
> > > To: Salowey, Joe; Avi Lior; Jari Arkko
> > > Cc: eap@frascone.com
> > > Subject: RE: [eap] Strawman -10/EMSK deletion requirement?
> > >=20
> > >=20
> > > Putting all this together, is it fair to say this then?=20
> > >=20
> > > "The EMSK MUST NOT be used to generate any keys other than AMSKs=20
> > > needed for the same EAP peer that owns the EMSK. The EMSK
> > MUST NOT be
> > > transported out of the EAP (AAA?) Layer and MUST be deleted
> > when the
> > > corresponding EAP session expires.
> > > Further, an EMSK MUST NOT be used to generate more than one
> > AMSK for a
> > > given application. If more keys are needed for an
> > application, those
> > > may be derived from the AMSK subsequently by the entities
> > sharing the
> > > AMSK. It is RECOMMENDED that all necessary AMSKs corresponding to=20
> > > various applications be generated immediately upon EMSK
> > generation and
> > > that the EMSK be deleted right away thereafter."
> > >=20
> > > > -----Original Message-----
> > > > From: Salowey, Joe [mailto:jsalowey@cisco.com]
> > > > Sent: Wednesday, March 08, 2006 5:29 PM
> > > > To: Avi Lior; Narayanan, Vidya; Jari Arkko
> > > > Cc: eap@frascone.com
> > > > Subject: RE: [eap] Strawman -10/EMSK deletion requirement?
> > > >=20
> > > > I would add that the AMSK for a particular application=20
> should be=20
> > > > derived such that once the AMSK is derived for that
> > > application there
> > > > is no need to continue to use the EMSK for derivation of
> > additional
> > > > keys for that application.
> > > >=20
> > > > > -----Original Message-----
> > > > > From: Avi Lior [mailto:avi@bridgewatersystems.com]
> > > > > Sent: Wednesday, March 08, 2006 10:24 AM
> > > > > To: Salowey, Joe; Narayanan, Vidya; Jari Arkko
> > > > > Cc: eap@frascone.com
> > > > > Subject: RE: [eap] Strawman -10/EMSK deletion requirement?
> > > > >=20
> > > > > So there might be reason for caching the EMSKs.  So
> > > > language like the
> > > > > following:
> > > > >=20
> > > > > EMSK is used strictly for generating AMSKs.
> > > > >=20
> > > > > EMSK is not transported out of the EAP Authentication
> > > Server Layer.
> > > > >=20
> > > > > EMSK MUST be deleted when the session for which it was
> > created is
> > > > > deleted.
> > > > >=20
> > > > > EMSK SHOULD be deleted sooner, when it is no longer=20
> required. =20
> > > > >=20
> > > > > > -----Original Message-----
> > > > > > From: Salowey, Joe [mailto:jsalowey@cisco.com]
> > > > > > Sent: Wednesday, March 08, 2006 1:23 PM
> > > > > > To: Narayanan, Vidya; Avi Lior; Jari Arkko
> > > > > > Cc: eap@frascone.com
> > > > > > Subject: RE: [eap] Strawman -10/EMSK deletion requirement?
> > > > > >=20
> > > > > > The EMSK is the root of all AMSKs, so a compromise of
> > the EMSK
> > > > > > compromises all AMSKs.  Therefore I would like to see
> > the EMSK
> > > > > > protected as much as possible.  Once the EMSK is securely
> > > > deleted it
> > > > > > cannot be compromised. I would like to see=20
> applications be as=20
> > > > > > independent from one another as possible and not have one=20
> > > > > > application require the EMSK be cached once its AMSK is
> > > > generated.=20
> > > > > > This implies a deeper key hierarchy than if an
> > > > application derives
> > > > > > all of its keys directly from the EMSK.
> > > > > >=20
> > > > > > Caching itself is new functionality in the system, but
> > > > seems to be
> > > > > > required whether you cache AMSK or EMSK.  I don't
> > really have a
> > > > > > problem with caching the EMSK if it is required at the
> > > > system level
> > > > > > because all applications are not known at the right time.=20
> > > >  It think
> > > > > > it may be OK for an implementation to cache the EMSK
> > > for its own
> > > > > > optimizations, but I would prefer that the caching of the
> > > > EMSK not
> > > > > > be required for any particular AMSK usage.  Since=20
> an AMSK is=20
> > > > > > exportable you have more options on where it can be cached.
> > > > > >=20
> > > > > > Hope this helps,
> > > > > >=20
> > > > > > Joe
> > > > > >=20
> > > > > > > -----Original Message-----
> > > > > > > From: Narayanan, Vidya [mailto:vidyan@qualcomm.com]
> > > > > > > Sent: Tuesday, March 07, 2006 12:40 PM
> > > > > > > To: Salowey, Joe; Avi Lior; Jari Arkko
> > > > > > > Cc: eap@frascone.com
> > > > > > > Subject: RE: [eap] Strawman -10/EMSK deletion requirement?
> > > > > > >=20
> > > > > > > Joe,
> > > > > > > I can see the problem with transporting the EMSK to other
> > > > > > entities -
> > > > > > > however, what really is the concern with caching the EMSK
> > > > > > as long as
> > > > > > > it is never exported? Is it just the concern of having to
> > > > > maintain
> > > > > > > state or is there a security concern here?
> > > > > > >=20
> > > > > > > Vidya
> > > > > > >=20
> > > > > > > > -----Original Message-----
> > > > > > > > From: Salowey, Joe [mailto:jsalowey@cisco.com]
> > > > > > > > Sent: Monday, March 06, 2006 2:04 PM
> > > > > > > > To: Avi Lior; Jari Arkko
> > > > > > > > Cc: eap@frascone.com
> > > > > > > > Subject: RE: [eap] Strawman -10/EMSK deletion=20
> requirement?
> > > > > > > >=20
> > > > > > > > Hi Avi,
> > > > > > > >=20
> > > > > > > > >=20
> > > > > > > > > Perhaps you missed my poorly stated point :-)
> > > > > > > > >=20
> > > > > > > > > What if the user is requesting access to a new
> > > application?=20
> > > > > > > > > which could
> > > > > > > > > also involve the modification of the user's profile.=20
> > > > > > > > > If EMSK is not there, then what do I do? Restart the
> > > > > > session? No.
> > > > > > > > >=20
> > > > > > > > > At anyrate I belive that there could be other use
> > > cases...=20
> > > > > > > > I gave two
> > > > > > > > > reason why:
> > > > > > > > >=20
> > > > > > > > > Just-in-time;
> > > > > > > > > Dynamic-Application provisioning.
> > > > > > > >=20
> > > > > > > > [Joe] Would you agree with the following:
> > > > > > > >=20
> > > > > > > > "For any specific application once the AMSK is
> > > > > generated for that
> > > > > > > > application there is no requirement to cache the EMSK
> > > > for that
> > > > > > > > application, however there may be a need to cache the
> > > > > EMSK if the
> > > > > > > > system requires other Masks to be generated. "
> > > > > > > >=20
> > > > > > > > This makes the caching more of a system issue than an
> > > > > > issue for one
> > > > > > > > particular application.  =20
> > > > > > > >=20
> > > > > > > >=20
> > > > >=20
> > _________________________________________________________________
> > > > > > > > To unsubscribe or modify your subscription options,
> > > > > please visit:
> > > > > > > > http://lists.frascone.com/mailman/listinfo/eap
> > > > > > > >=20
> > > > > > > > Arhives: http://lists.frascone.com/pipermail/eap
> > > > > > > >=20
> > > > > > >=20
> > > > > >=20
> > > > >=20
> > > >=20
> > >=20
> >=20
>=20
_________________________________________________________________
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Subject: RE: [eap] Strawman -10/EMSK deletion requirement?
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Jari Arkko <mailto:jari.arkko@piuha.net> supposedly scribbled:

> Glen Zorn (gwz) wrote:
>=20
>> Joseph Salowey (jsalowey) <> supposedly scribbled:
>>=20
>>=20
>>=20
>>> The EMSK is the root of all AMSKs, so a compromise of the EMSK
>>> compromises all AMSKs.  Therefore I would like to see the EMSK
>>> protected as much as possible.  Once the EMSK is securely deleted
>>> it cannot be compromised.=20
>>>=20
>>>=20
>>=20
>> OK, but is that not equally true of Jari's proposed AMSK_root_0
>> approach?=20
>>=20
>>=20
> The problem is that since EMSK is the root, its compromise will lead
> to the compromise of all derived keys. This also holds locally for
> the AMSK_root_0 approach. That is, if AMSK_root_0 is compromised then
> any keys derived from that root are compromised (but not keys in
> other apps).   =20

I guess I'm just confused, then (not a first!).  I thought that the =
major problem was that it is basically impossible to no which (if any) =
_applications_ a person would choose to use during a session.  If that =
is accurate, I can't really see how the AMSK_root_0 approach solves the =
problem.  If that's not the problem, what is?

>=20
> --Jari

Hope this helps,

~gwz

Why is it that most of the world's problems can't be solved by simply
  listening to John Coltrane? -- Henry Gabriel
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To: "Glen Zorn (gwz)" <gwz@cisco.com>
Subject: Re: [eap] Strawman -10/EMSK deletion requirement?
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Glen Zorn (gwz) wrote:

>
>>>      
>>>
>>The problem is that since EMSK is the root, its compromise will lead
>>to the compromise of all derived keys. This also holds locally for
>>the AMSK_root_0 approach. That is, if AMSK_root_0 is compromised then
>>any keys derived from that root are compromised (but not keys in
>>other apps).    
>>    
>>
>
>I guess I'm just confused, then (not a first!).  I thought that the major problem was that it is basically impossible to no which (if any) _applications_ a person would choose to use during a session.  If that is accurate, I can't really see how the AMSK_root_0 approach solves the problem.  If that's not the problem, what is?
>  
>
Oh. Maybe I was confused. AMSK_root_0 does not solve that
problem. It solves the problem that if your application requires
multiple keys (as in fast handoff to AP2, AP3, etc) then you still
only need one AMSK from the EMSK for the application. That
AMSK_root_0 can then be used to generate all the keys that
the application in question needs.

--Jari



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Subject: RE: [eap] Strawman -10/EMSK deletion requirement?
Date: Thu, 9 Mar 2006 10:18:31 -0800
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From: "Glen Zorn (gwz)" <gwz@cisco.com>
To: "Jari Arkko" <jari.arkko@piuha.net>
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Jari Arkko <mailto:jari.arkko@piuha.net> supposedly scribbled:

> Glen Zorn (gwz) wrote:
>=20
>>=20
>>>>=20
>>>>=20
>>> The problem is that since EMSK is the root, its compromise will lead
>>> to the compromise of all derived keys. This also holds locally for
>>> the AMSK_root_0 approach. That is, if AMSK_root_0 is compromised
>>> then any keys derived from that root are compromised (but not keys
>>> in=20
>>> other apps).
>>>=20
>>>=20
>>=20
>> I guess I'm just confused, then (not a first!).  I thought that the
>> major problem was that it is basically impossible to no which (if
>> any) _applications_ a person would choose to use during a session.=20
>> If that is accurate, I can't really see how the AMSK_root_0 approach
>> solves the problem.  If that's not the problem, what is?   =20
>>=20
>>=20
> Oh. Maybe I was confused. AMSK_root_0 does not solve that problem. It
> solves the problem that if your application requires multiple keys
> (as in fast handoff to AP2, AP3, etc) then you still only need one
> AMSK from the EMSK for the application. That AMSK_root_0 can then be
> used to generate all the keys that the application in question needs.

OK, I guess I just assumed that the "M" in "AMSK" implied that usage.

>=20
> --Jari

Hope this helps,

~gwz

Why is it that most of the world's problems can't be solved by simply
  listening to John Coltrane? -- Henry Gabriel
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Subject: RE: [eap] Strawman -10/EMSK deletion requirement?
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From: "Avi Lior" <avi@bridgewatersystems.com>
To: "Glen Zorn (gwz)" <gwz@cisco.com>,
	"Jari Arkko" <jari.arkko@piuha.net>
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Glen and Jari,

That is what I thought the 'M' was about as well.=20

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Glen Zorn (gwz) [mailto:gwz@cisco.com]=20
> Sent: Thursday, March 09, 2006 1:19 PM
> To: Jari Arkko
> Cc: eap@frascone.com
> Subject: RE: [eap] Strawman -10/EMSK deletion requirement?
>=20
> Jari Arkko <mailto:jari.arkko@piuha.net> supposedly scribbled:
>=20
> > Glen Zorn (gwz) wrote:
> >=20
> >>=20
> >>>>=20
> >>>>=20
> >>> The problem is that since EMSK is the root, its=20
> compromise will lead=20
> >>> to the compromise of all derived keys. This also holds=20
> locally for=20
> >>> the AMSK_root_0 approach. That is, if AMSK_root_0 is compromised=20
> >>> then any keys derived from that root are compromised (but=20
> not keys=20
> >>> in other apps).
> >>>=20
> >>>=20
> >>=20
> >> I guess I'm just confused, then (not a first!).  I thought=20
> that the=20
> >> major problem was that it is basically impossible to no which (if
> >> any) _applications_ a person would choose to use during a session.=20
> >> If that is accurate, I can't really see how the=20
> AMSK_root_0 approach
> >> solves the problem.  If that's not the problem, what is?   =20
> >>=20
> >>=20
> > Oh. Maybe I was confused. AMSK_root_0 does not solve that=20
> problem. It=20
> > solves the problem that if your application requires=20
> multiple keys (as=20
> > in fast handoff to AP2, AP3, etc) then you still only need one AMSK=20
> > from the EMSK for the application. That AMSK_root_0 can=20
> then be used=20
> > to generate all the keys that the application in question needs.
>=20
> OK, I guess I just assumed that the "M" in "AMSK" implied that usage.
>=20
> >=20
> > --Jari
>=20
> Hope this helps,
>=20
> ~gwz
>=20
> Why is it that most of the world's problems can't be solved by simply
>   listening to John Coltrane? -- Henry Gabriel=20
> _________________________________________________________________
> To unsubscribe or modify your subscription options, please visit:
> http://lists.frascone.com/mailman/listinfo/eap
>=20
> Arhives: http://lists.frascone.com/pipermail/eap
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Subject: RE: [eap] Strawman -10/EMSK deletion requirement?
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=20
> > > Hi,
> > > I would like to modify what you wrote as follows:
> > >=20
> > > > "The EMSK MUST NOT be used to generate any keys other=20
> than AMSKs=20
> > > > needed for the same EAP peer that owns the EMSK.
> > >=20
> > > The EMSK MUST NOT be used to generate any keys other than
> > AMSKs needed
> > > for the same session for which the EMSK was generated.
> > >=20
> >=20
> > Sounds good.=20
> >=20
> > > > The
> > > > EMSK MUST NOT be transported out of the EAP (AAA?) Layer
> > > and MUST be
> > > > deleted when the corresponding EAP session expires.
> > >=20
> > > Replace EAP (AAA?) with EAP Authentication Server; and
> > "corresponding
> > > EAP session expires" with 'corresponding session has ended'.
> > >=20
> >=20
> > I guess when you say EAP Authentication Server, it is a bit vague=20
> > about whether that is the EAP layer or AAA layer. I'm not sure if=20
> > there is value in clarifying this or if it makes more sense=20
> to leave=20
> > it to implementation.
>=20
> Well it is not happening in the AAA layer.  My understanding=20
> is that the EAP Method executes within the EAP Auth Server. =20
> EAP Auth Server may or may not be colocated with the AAA server.
>=20

I wonder if this is a problem - if we want the EAP AS to generate the
EMSK/AMSK and cache it for an entity (such as a MIP HA) to fetch the
AMSK later upon receiving a BU or something, the HA will only contact
the AAA server. Or, do you envision the AMSK in such cases to be sent to
the AAA server for caching?=20

<snip>

> > Hmmm. If an application requires more than one key, would=20
> there really=20
> > be a case where creation of a root AMSK and subsequent keys=20
> from that=20
> > root AMSK not work? I'm wondering why you need to create multiple=20
> > AMSKs for the same application directly from the EMSK. I'd=20
> personally=20
> > like to have no more than one key coming out of the EMSK=20
> for the same=20
> > key label (unique per application) in AMSK derivation.
>=20
> Lets get to right down to the label(s).  If I have an=20
> application called foo, can I generate two AMSKs as follows:
>=20
> AMSK-FOO-A =3D KGF(EMSK,"FOO-A" | ......)
> AMSK-FOO-B =3D KGF(EMSK,"FOO-B" | ......)
>=20

As far as the EAP server is concerned, I'd argue that FOO-A and FOO-B
are different applications. So, we could just say that no more than one
EMSK for a given key label is allowed.=20


> I don't know why an application FOO would like to do this.  Maybe FOO
> application is really two applications.   =20
>=20

<snip>


> >=20
> > > > It is RECOMMENDED that all
> > > > necessary AMSKs corresponding to various applications be
> > generated
> > > > immediately upon EMSK generation and that the EMSK be
> > deleted right
> > > > away thereafter."
> > >=20
> > > I prefer:
> > >=20
> > > Once all AMSKs have been derived and the EMSK is not needed
> > it shall
> > > be deleted.
> > >=20
> >=20
> > To Joe's earlier points (about trying to keep the EMSK as secure as=20
> > possible and delete it as quickly as possible), I would like to see=20
> > this recommendation. Maybe appending the former text with=20
> "When this=20
> > is not feasible, the EMSK MUST be deleted once all the=20
> AMSKs have been=20
> > derived"
> > makes sense?=20
>=20
> I think my statement addresses Joe's concern.  But I find the=20
> whole concept of immediacy silly especially when EAP does not=20
> concern itself with key lifetimes etc....
>=20
> Why are we all of a sudden concerned about timelyness?
>=20

I'd personally be okay with leaving this out - even if it is recommended
to be deleted, implementations are likely to cache it for practical
reasons anyway.=20

Vidya
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Subject: RE: [eap] Strawman -10/EMSK deletion requirement?
Date: Thu, 9 Mar 2006 21:25:47 -0500
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From: "Avi Lior" <avi@bridgewatersystems.com>
To: "Narayanan, Vidya" <vidyan@qualcomm.com>,
	"Salowey, Joe" <jsalowey@cisco.com>,
	"Jari Arkko" <jari.arkko@piuha.net>
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Hi,=20

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Narayanan, Vidya [mailto:vidyan@qualcomm.com]=20
> Sent: Thursday, March 09, 2006 6:53 PM
> To: Avi Lior; Salowey, Joe; Jari Arkko
> Cc: eap@frascone.com
> Subject: RE: [eap] Strawman -10/EMSK deletion requirement?
>=20
> =20

<snip>

> > Well it is not happening in the AAA layer.  My=20
> understanding is that=20
> > the EAP Method executes within the EAP Auth Server.
> > EAP Auth Server may or may not be colocated with the AAA server.
> >=20
>=20
> I wonder if this is a problem - if we want the EAP AS to=20
> generate the EMSK/AMSK and cache it for an entity (such as a=20
> MIP HA) to fetch the AMSK later upon receiving a BU or=20
> something, the HA will only contact the AAA server. Or, do=20
> you envision the AMSK in such cases to be sent to the AAA=20
> server for caching?=20

We don't want the EAP AS to cache the AMSK.

The AAA isnt responsible for caching either.  If we consider RADIUS,
RADIUS is stateless, it has no caching capabilites at all.  Diameter
does (however).

So AMSK is cached outside the EAP AS and outside AAA - I belive the AMSK
is cached in another functional entity called a KeyHolder/KeyGenerator.
That solves the problem for RADIUS.

> <snip>
>=20
> > > Hmmm. If an application requires more than one key, would
> > there really
> > > be a case where creation of a root AMSK and subsequent keys
> > from that
> > > root AMSK not work? I'm wondering why you need to create multiple=20
> > > AMSKs for the same application directly from the EMSK. I'd
> > personally
> > > like to have no more than one key coming out of the EMSK
> > for the same
> > > key label (unique per application) in AMSK derivation.
> >=20
> > Lets get to right down to the label(s).  If I have an application=20
> > called foo, can I generate two AMSKs as follows:
> >=20
> > AMSK-FOO-A =3D KGF(EMSK,"FOO-A" | ......) AMSK-FOO-B =3D=20
> KGF(EMSK,"FOO-B"=20
> > | ......)
> >=20
>=20
> As far as the EAP server is concerned, I'd argue that FOO-A=20
> and FOO-B are different applications. So, we could just say=20
> that no more than one EMSK for a given key label is allowed.=20

Fine with me.  Its not about defining an application but rather the
important piece is defining the concept of a label.=20

Because you have this possiblity as well and sounds like a lable needs
to be precisely defined.

FOO-A =3D KGF(EMSK,"FOO" | "A" | ....);
FOO-B =3D KGF(EMSK,"FOO" | "B" | ....);=20

So the first part "FOO" is the lable and it is the key name and
therefore must be unique within each session.  Therefore, although FOO-A
<> FOO-B, the above is illegal.

>=20
> > I don't know why an application FOO would like to do this. =20
> Maybe FOO
> > application is really two applications.   =20
> >=20
>=20
> <snip>
>=20
>=20
> > >=20
> > > > > It is RECOMMENDED that all
> > > > > necessary AMSKs corresponding to various applications be
> > > generated
> > > > > immediately upon EMSK generation and that the EMSK be
> > > deleted right
> > > > > away thereafter."
> > > >=20
> > > > I prefer:
> > > >=20
> > > > Once all AMSKs have been derived and the EMSK is not needed
> > > it shall
> > > > be deleted.
> > > >=20
> > >=20
> > > To Joe's earlier points (about trying to keep the EMSK as=20
> secure as=20
> > > possible and delete it as quickly as possible), I would=20
> like to see=20
> > > this recommendation. Maybe appending the former text with
> > "When this
> > > is not feasible, the EMSK MUST be deleted once all the
> > AMSKs have been
> > > derived"
> > > makes sense?=20
> >=20
> > I think my statement addresses Joe's concern.  But I find the whole=20
> > concept of immediacy silly especially when EAP does not=20
> concern itself=20
> > with key lifetimes etc....
> >=20
> > Why are we all of a sudden concerned about timelyness?
> >=20
>=20
> I'd personally be okay with leaving this out - even if it is=20
> recommended to be deleted, implementations are likely to=20
> cache it for practical reasons anyway.=20

I agree.....but I am easy going about this either way.
=20
> Vidya
>=20
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Subject: RE: [eap] Strawman -10/EMSK deletion requirement?
Date: Thu, 9 Mar 2006 20:50:39 -0800
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From: "Salowey, Joe" <jsalowey@cisco.com>
To: "Avi Lior" <avi@bridgewatersystems.com>,
	"Narayanan, Vidya" <vidyan@qualcomm.com>,
	"Jari Arkko" <jari.arkko@piuha.net>
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=20

> > The=20
> > EMSK MUST NOT be transported out of the EAP (AAA?) Layer and=20
> > MUST be deleted when the corresponding EAP session expires.
>=20
> Replace EAP (AAA?) with EAP Authentication Server; and "corresponding
> EAP session expires" with 'corresponding session has ended'.
>=20
> Motivation for above: Not sure if EAP session is defined; and=20
> you delete
> the EMSK when the session is terminated either because it expired or
> because it was explicitly terminated.
>=20

[Joe] I think we will probably need mopre definition around this.=20
=20
> > Further, an EMSK MUST NOT be used to generate more than one=20
> > AMSK for a given application.=20
>=20
> I am not sure that the above does not pose a threat. =20
> Normally we would
> think that one Application would require one AMSK.  But since=20
> we are not
> defining what an application is -- and we shouldn't IMO enter that rat
> hole.  Then what if there was some application that requires an two
> AMSKs.?  Is there harm?
>=20

[Joe] If they are generated at the same time I don't think there is a
problem.  If there is a delay in generation where the application
requires the EMSK to be cached it is less than optimal. =20

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Subject: RE: [eap] Strawman -10/EMSK deletion requirement?
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From: "Salowey, Joe" <jsalowey@cisco.com>
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	"Avi Lior" <avi@bridgewatersystems.com>,
	"Jari Arkko" <jari.arkko@piuha.net>
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=20

>=20
> I guess when you say EAP Authentication Server, it is a bit=20
> vague about
> whether that is the EAP layer or AAA layer. I'm not sure if there is
> value in clarifying this or if it makes more sense to leave it to
> implementation. =20
>
[Joe] I'm pretty convinced it is in EAP.  In the pictures the AAA layer
appears to carry communication between AAA client and AAA server, I do
not think this is where the EMSK belongs.=20

=20
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Subject: RE: [eap] Strawman -10/EMSK deletion requirement?
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From: "Avi Lior" <avi@bridgewatersystems.com>
To: "Salowey, Joe" <jsalowey@cisco.com>,
	"Narayanan, Vidya" <vidyan@qualcomm.com>,
	"Jari Arkko" <jari.arkko@piuha.net>
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Joe and All,

I totally agree with Joe.

AAA is a protocol that transports and cant realy cache anything in the
case of RADIUS which is stateless.

So any caching has to be outside AAA or with AAA (but Diameter only).=20

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Salowey, Joe [mailto:jsalowey@cisco.com]=20
> Sent: Thursday, March 09, 2006 11:59 PM
> To: Narayanan, Vidya; Avi Lior; Jari Arkko
> Cc: eap@frascone.com
> Subject: RE: [eap] Strawman -10/EMSK deletion requirement?
>=20
> =20
>=20
> >=20
> > I guess when you say EAP Authentication Server, it is a bit vague=20
> > about whether that is the EAP layer or AAA layer. I'm not sure if=20
> > there is value in clarifying this or if it makes more sense=20
> to leave=20
> > it to implementation.
> >
> [Joe] I'm pretty convinced it is in EAP.  In the pictures the=20
> AAA layer appears to carry communication between AAA client=20
> and AAA server, I do not think this is where the EMSK belongs.=20
>=20
> =20
>=20
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Subject: RE: [eap] Strawman -10/EMSK deletion requirement?
Date: Thu, 9 Mar 2006 21:08:58 -0800
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From: "Salowey, Joe" <jsalowey@cisco.com>
To: "Avi Lior" <avi@bridgewatersystems.com>,
	"Narayanan, Vidya" <vidyan@qualcomm.com>,
	"Jari Arkko" <jari.arkko@piuha.net>
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=20
<snip>
> >=20
> > Hmmm. If an application requires more than one key, would=20
> > there really be a case where creation of a root AMSK and=20
> > subsequent keys from that root AMSK not work? I'm wondering=20
> > why you need to create multiple AMSKs for the same=20
> > application directly from the EMSK. I'd personally like to=20
> > have no more than one key coming out of the EMSK for the same=20
> > key label (unique per application) in AMSK derivation.=20
>=20
> Lets get to right down to the label(s).  If I have an=20
> application called
> foo, can I generate two AMSKs as follows:
>=20
> AMSK-FOO-A =3D KGF(EMSK,"FOO-A" | ......)
> AMSK-FOO-B =3D KGF(EMSK,"FOO-B" | ......)
>=20
> I don't know why an application FOO would like to do this.  Maybe FOO
> application is really two applications.   =20
>=20
> But the point is, from a security perspective why does it matter?
>=20
[Joe] As long as there is not caching required between AMSK-FOO-A and
AMSK-FOO-B, I'm not sure it really matters. The argument against it is
that it may encourage caching and there really isn't a reason why you
couldn't derive the two keys lower in the hierachy (except perhaps for
efficiency).  For what its worth in the original EMSK usage draft
(http://bgp.potaroo.net/ietf/all-ids/draft-salowey-eap-key-deriv-02.txt)
we had the following prototype for the KDF:

AMSK =3D KDF(EMSK, key label, optional application data, length

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Subject: RE: [eap] Strawman -10/EMSK deletion requirement?
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From: "Avi Lior" <avi@bridgewatersystems.com>
To: "Salowey, Joe" <jsalowey@cisco.com>,
	"Narayanan, Vidya" <vidyan@qualcomm.com>,
	"Jari Arkko" <jari.arkko@piuha.net>
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Joe,

See inline....=20

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Salowey, Joe [mailto:jsalowey@cisco.com]=20
> Sent: Thursday, March 09, 2006 11:51 PM
> To: Avi Lior; Narayanan, Vidya; Jari Arkko
> Cc: eap@frascone.com
> Subject: RE: [eap] Strawman -10/EMSK deletion requirement?
>=20
> =20
>=20
> > > The
> > > EMSK MUST NOT be transported out of the EAP (AAA?) Layer=20
> and MUST be=20
> > > deleted when the corresponding EAP session expires.
> >=20
> > Replace EAP (AAA?) with EAP Authentication Server; and=20
> "corresponding=20
> > EAP session expires" with 'corresponding session has ended'.
> >=20
> > Motivation for above: Not sure if EAP session is defined; and you=20
> > delete the EMSK when the session is terminated either because it=20
> > expired or because it was explicitly terminated.
> >=20
>=20
> [Joe] I think we will probably need mopre definition around this.=20

[Avi] Okay.

> > > Further, an EMSK MUST NOT be used to generate more than one=20
> > > AMSK for a given application.=20
> >=20
> > I am not sure that the above does not pose a threat. =20
> > Normally we would
> > think that one Application would require one AMSK.  But since=20
> > we are not
> > defining what an application is -- and we shouldn't IMO=20
> enter that rat
> > hole.  Then what if there was some application that requires an two
> > AMSKs.?  Is there harm?
> >=20
>=20
> [Joe] If they are generated at the same time I don't think there is a
> problem.  If there is a delay in generation where the application
> requires the EMSK to be cached it is less than optimal. =20
>=20
[Avi] In another email thread we explored this further and the way I
understand it is that an Application can have one AMSK key because:

FOO-AMSK =3D KGF(EMSK,"FOO" | ... | ...)

"FOO" is a the Key Lable and it must be unique.

FOO-A-AMSK =3D KGF(EMSK,"FOO-A" |  ... | ...)
FOO-B-AMSK =3D KGF(EMSK,"FOO-B" |  ... | ...)

Are really two differnet AMSKs and this is legal because these are
viewed as two separate applications.

And=20
FOO-A-AMSK =3D KGF(EMSK,"FOO" | "A" | ...)
FOO-B-AMSK =3D KGF(EMSK,"FOO" | "B" | ...)

Generates two distinct keys but SHOULD not be legal.=20

I am not sure if this is defined correctly.

Finally,  I am not sure how this has to do with EMSK caching or not.
=20
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Subject: RE: [eap] Strawman -10/EMSK deletion requirement?
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From: "Salowey, Joe" <jsalowey@cisco.com>
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=20

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Avi Lior [mailto:avi@bridgewatersystems.com]=20
> Sent: Thursday, March 09, 2006 9:03 PM
> To: Salowey, Joe; Narayanan, Vidya; Jari Arkko
> Cc: eap@frascone.com
> Subject: RE: [eap] Strawman -10/EMSK deletion requirement?
>=20
> Joe and All,
>=20
> I totally agree with Joe.
>=20
> AAA is a protocol that transports and cant realy cache anything in the
> case of RADIUS which is stateless.
>=20
> So any caching has to be outside AAA or with AAA (but Diameter only).=20

[Joe] I think a AAA server is typically composed of several components.
One of these can be a key holder.  I don't see why you couldn't define
new functionality in RADIUS to interact with the key holder (other than
the fact that it seems to be difficult to define anything new in
RADIUS).=20

>=20
> > -----Original Message-----
> > From: Salowey, Joe [mailto:jsalowey@cisco.com]=20
> > Sent: Thursday, March 09, 2006 11:59 PM
> > To: Narayanan, Vidya; Avi Lior; Jari Arkko
> > Cc: eap@frascone.com
> > Subject: RE: [eap] Strawman -10/EMSK deletion requirement?
> >=20
> > =20
> >=20
> > >=20
> > > I guess when you say EAP Authentication Server, it is a bit vague=20
> > > about whether that is the EAP layer or AAA layer. I'm not sure if=20
> > > there is value in clarifying this or if it makes more sense=20
> > to leave=20
> > > it to implementation.
> > >
> > [Joe] I'm pretty convinced it is in EAP.  In the pictures the=20
> > AAA layer appears to carry communication between AAA client=20
> > and AAA server, I do not think this is where the EMSK belongs.=20
> >=20
> > =20
> >=20
>=20
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Subject: RE: [eap] Strawman -10/EMSK deletion requirement?
Date: Fri, 10 Mar 2006 00:16:31 -0500
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From: "Avi Lior" <avi@bridgewatersystems.com>
To: "Salowey, Joe" <jsalowey@cisco.com>,
	"Narayanan, Vidya" <vidyan@qualcomm.com>,
	"Jari Arkko" <jari.arkko@piuha.net>
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Joe,
=20

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Salowey, Joe [mailto:jsalowey@cisco.com]=20
> Sent: Friday, March 10, 2006 12:16 AM
> To: Avi Lior; Narayanan, Vidya; Jari Arkko
> Cc: eap@frascone.com
> Subject: RE: [eap] Strawman -10/EMSK deletion requirement?
>=20
> =20
>=20
> > -----Original Message-----
> > From: Avi Lior [mailto:avi@bridgewatersystems.com]
> > Sent: Thursday, March 09, 2006 9:03 PM
> > To: Salowey, Joe; Narayanan, Vidya; Jari Arkko
> > Cc: eap@frascone.com
> > Subject: RE: [eap] Strawman -10/EMSK deletion requirement?
> >=20
> > Joe and All,
> >=20
> > I totally agree with Joe.
> >=20
> > AAA is a protocol that transports and cant realy cache=20
> anything in the=20
> > case of RADIUS which is stateless.
> >=20
> > So any caching has to be outside AAA or with AAA (but=20
> Diameter only).=20
>=20
> [Joe] I think a AAA server is typically composed of several=20
> components.
> One of these can be a key holder.  I don't see why you=20
> couldn't define new functionality in RADIUS to interact with=20
> the key holder (other than the fact that it seems to be=20
> difficult to define anything new in RADIUS).=20

[Avi]  Aboslutely correct on all fronts ;-).  A AAA server can have
EAP-AS (authetncation server) and a key holder/key generator.  So I
guess ia m being very formal in the sense that AAA is a protocol and not
a server.

And BTW I don't think we need to have an RFC to define a Key Holder
function in RADIUS servers.
=20
> >=20
> > > -----Original Message-----
> > > From: Salowey, Joe [mailto:jsalowey@cisco.com]
> > > Sent: Thursday, March 09, 2006 11:59 PM
> > > To: Narayanan, Vidya; Avi Lior; Jari Arkko
> > > Cc: eap@frascone.com
> > > Subject: RE: [eap] Strawman -10/EMSK deletion requirement?
> > >=20
> > > =20
> > >=20
> > > >=20
> > > > I guess when you say EAP Authentication Server, it is a=20
> bit vague=20
> > > > about whether that is the EAP layer or AAA layer. I'm=20
> not sure if=20
> > > > there is value in clarifying this or if it makes more sense
> > > to leave
> > > > it to implementation.
> > > >
> > > [Joe] I'm pretty convinced it is in EAP.  In the pictures the AAA=20
> > > layer appears to carry communication between AAA client and AAA=20
> > > server, I do not think this is where the EMSK belongs.
> > >=20
> > > =20
> > >=20
> >=20
>=20
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Subject: RE: [eap] Strawman -10/EMSK deletion requirement?
Date: Thu, 9 Mar 2006 21:42:35 -0800
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From: "Salowey, Joe" <jsalowey@cisco.com>
To: "Avi Lior" <avi@bridgewatersystems.com>,
	"Narayanan, Vidya" <vidyan@qualcomm.com>,
	"Jari Arkko" <jari.arkko@piuha.net>
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=20
=20
> > > > The
> > > > EMSK MUST NOT be transported out of the EAP (AAA?) Layer=20
> > and MUST be=20
> > > > deleted when the corresponding EAP session expires.
> > >=20
> > > Replace EAP (AAA?) with EAP Authentication Server; and=20
> > "corresponding=20
> > > EAP session expires" with 'corresponding session has ended'.
> > >=20
> > > Motivation for above: Not sure if EAP session is defined; and you=20
> > > delete the EMSK when the session is terminated either because it=20
> > > expired or because it was explicitly terminated.
> > >=20
> >=20
> > [Joe] I think we will probably need mopre definition around this.=20
>=20
> [Avi] Okay.
>=20
> > > > Further, an EMSK MUST NOT be used to generate more than one=20
> > > > AMSK for a given application.=20
> > >=20
> > > I am not sure that the above does not pose a threat. =20
> > > Normally we would
> > > think that one Application would require one AMSK.  But since=20
> > > we are not
> > > defining what an application is -- and we shouldn't IMO=20
> > enter that rat
> > > hole.  Then what if there was some application that=20
> requires an two
> > > AMSKs.?  Is there harm?
> > >=20
> >=20
> > [Joe] If they are generated at the same time I don't think=20
> there is a
> > problem.  If there is a delay in generation where the application
> > requires the EMSK to be cached it is less than optimal. =20
> >=20
> [Avi] In another email thread we explored this further and the way I
> understand it is that an Application can have one AMSK key because:
>=20
> FOO-AMSK =3D KGF(EMSK,"FOO" | ... | ...)
>=20
> "FOO" is a the Key Lable and it must be unique.
>=20
> FOO-A-AMSK =3D KGF(EMSK,"FOO-A" |  ... | ...)
> FOO-B-AMSK =3D KGF(EMSK,"FOO-B" |  ... | ...)
>=20
> Are really two differnet AMSKs and this is legal because these are
> viewed as two separate applications.
>=20
> And=20
> FOO-A-AMSK =3D KGF(EMSK,"FOO" | "A" | ...)
> FOO-B-AMSK =3D KGF(EMSK,"FOO" | "B" | ...)
>=20
> Generates two distinct keys but SHOULD not be legal.=20
>=20
> I am not sure if this is defined correctly.
>=20

[Joe] I'm not sure the last has to be illegal but it calls into question
the "M" in AMSK.  It would be better to derive these two keys off an
AMSK for FOO. =20

> Finally,  I am not sure how this has to do with EMSK caching or not.

[Joe] Any one application should not introduce a requirement to cache
the EMSK. If you are going to derive keys at different times for an
application this should be done off an AMSK not the EMSK. =20
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Subject: RE: [eap] Strawman -10/EMSK deletion requirement?
Date: Fri, 10 Mar 2006 00:55:27 -0500
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From: "Avi Lior" <avi@bridgewatersystems.com>
To: "Salowey, Joe" <jsalowey@cisco.com>,
	"Narayanan, Vidya" <vidyan@qualcomm.com>,
	"Jari Arkko" <jari.arkko@piuha.net>
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See inline....
=20

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Salowey, Joe [mailto:jsalowey@cisco.com]=20
> Sent: Friday, March 10, 2006 12:43 AM
> To: Avi Lior; Narayanan, Vidya; Jari Arkko
> Cc: eap@frascone.com
> Subject: RE: [eap] Strawman -10/EMSK deletion requirement?
>=20
> =20
> =20
> > > > > The
> > > > > EMSK MUST NOT be transported out of the EAP (AAA?) Layer
> > > and MUST be
> > > > > deleted when the corresponding EAP session expires.
> > > >=20
> > > > Replace EAP (AAA?) with EAP Authentication Server; and
> > > "corresponding
> > > > EAP session expires" with 'corresponding session has ended'.
> > > >=20
> > > > Motivation for above: Not sure if EAP session is=20
> defined; and you=20
> > > > delete the EMSK when the session is terminated either=20
> because it=20
> > > > expired or because it was explicitly terminated.
> > > >=20
> > >=20
> > > [Joe] I think we will probably need mopre definition around this.=20
> >=20
> > [Avi] Okay.
> >=20
> > > > > Further, an EMSK MUST NOT be used to generate more=20
> than one AMSK=20
> > > > > for a given application.
> > > >=20
> > > > I am not sure that the above does not pose a threat. =20
> > > > Normally we would
> > > > think that one Application would require one AMSK.  But=20
> since we=20
> > > > are not defining what an application is -- and we shouldn't IMO
> > > enter that rat
> > > > hole.  Then what if there was some application that
> > requires an two
> > > > AMSKs.?  Is there harm?
> > > >=20
> > >=20
> > > [Joe] If they are generated at the same time I don't think
> > there is a
> > > problem.  If there is a delay in generation where the application=20
> > > requires the EMSK to be cached it is less than optimal.
> > >=20
> > [Avi] In another email thread we explored this further and=20
> the way I=20
> > understand it is that an Application can have one AMSK key because:
> >=20
> > FOO-AMSK =3D KGF(EMSK,"FOO" | ... | ...)
> >=20
> > "FOO" is a the Key Lable and it must be unique.
> >=20
> > FOO-A-AMSK =3D KGF(EMSK,"FOO-A" |  ... | ...) FOO-B-AMSK =3D=20
> > KGF(EMSK,"FOO-B" |  ... | ...)
> >=20
> > Are really two differnet AMSKs and this is legal because these are=20
> > viewed as two separate applications.
> >=20
> > And
> > FOO-A-AMSK =3D KGF(EMSK,"FOO" | "A" | ...) FOO-B-AMSK =3D=20
> KGF(EMSK,"FOO" |=20
> > "B" | ...)
> >=20
> > Generates two distinct keys but SHOULD not be legal.=20
> >=20
> > I am not sure if this is defined correctly.
> >=20
>=20
> [Joe] I'm not sure the last has to be illegal but it calls=20
> into question the "M" in AMSK.  It would be better to derive=20
> these two keys off an AMSK for FOO. =20

FOO-A-AMSK and FOO-B-AMSK are not intended to be subkeys for FOO -- they
are two AMSKs for FOO.  The original context was whether or not an
Application can have two or more AMSKs.
=20
> > Finally,  I am not sure how this has to do with EMSK caching or not.
>=20
> [Joe] Any one application should not introduce a requirement=20
> to cache the EMSK. If you are going to derive keys at=20
> different times for an application this should be done off an=20
> AMSK not the EMSK. =20
>=20
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Subject: Re: [eap] Strawman -10/EMSK deletion requirement?
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>
>
>>>Further, an EMSK MUST NOT be used to generate more than one 
>>>AMSK for a given application. 
>>>      
>>>
>>I am not sure that the above does not pose a threat.  
>>Normally we would
>>think that one Application would require one AMSK.  But since 
>>we are not
>>defining what an application is -- and we shouldn't IMO enter that rat
>>hole.  Then what if there was some application that requires an two
>>AMSKs.?  Is there harm?
>>    
>>

This related originally to the EMSK deletion requirement. There
was an argument that the EMSK need to stay around so that
application X can keep on asking the 127th key that it needs.

Now that we seem to be saying that there is no strict EMSK
deletion requirement, this may be less urgent.

However, I still think it is a good idea that applications get
just one AMSK, and if they need multiple keys they generate
those themselves.  And the definition of an application can
be "an IANA registered label for an AMSK needed for a
specific purpose". Since the IANA registrations won't have
"handoff 1st key", "handoff 2nd key" etc but rather "handoff key",
then we satisfy this model. But this is still mostly to keep
the hierarchy structurally clean and simple, not for any
specific technical reason. (Other than that it still allows
early deletion of the EMSK better than if we would base
all keys on the EMSK.)

--Jari

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From eap-bounces+eap-archive=lists.ietf.org@frascone.com Fri Mar 10 03:35:50 2006
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From: Jari Arkko <jari.arkko@piuha.net>
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To: Avi Lior <avi@bridgewatersystems.com>
Subject: Re: [eap] Strawman -10/EMSK deletion requirement?
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Avi Lior wrote:

>>[Joe] I think a AAA server is typically composed of several 
>>components.
>>One of these can be a key holder.  I don't see why you 
>>couldn't define new functionality in RADIUS to interact with 
>>the key holder (other than the fact that it seems to be 
>>difficult to define anything new in RADIUS). 
>>    
>>
>
>[Avi]  Aboslutely correct on all fronts ;-).  A AAA server can have
>EAP-AS (authetncation server) and a key holder/key generator.  So I
>guess ia m being very formal in the sense that AAA is a protocol and not
>a server.
>
>And BTW I don't think we need to have an RFC to define a Key Holder
>function in RADIUS servers.
>  
>
First of all, I think this part of the discussion is largely just
a matter of vague definitions making it hard to make exact
statements. E.g. where is the line between AAA as a
"transport" and as an "application" that has intelligence
to make decisions and grant resources such as keys?

Just to repeat what we have already established, I think
we have consensus that (a) EMSK is generated by EAP
methods and that (b) its not going to be shipped away
to the access devices. In addition, it seems obvious that
the document we are discussing will not define how AMSKs
are used or transported.

So the conclusion is that the EMSK is kept somewhere
between the EAP method and AAA transport layers.
I would note that this means that it is, in an IETF sense,
within a box and not transported via protocols. I don't
think it makes a lot of sense to debate too long about
what the internal structure of the box is. I'd be happy
saying that it resides in the EAP server. I would in
addition only say the following about the internal
module structures: The EMSK is not communicated
either to the lower layer or the AAA transport layer.
But AMSKs derived from it can be,
and that any such derivation would have to be defined
in future documents.

Finally, I dislike the idea that we would be adding
major functionality (such as key server) to IETF
protocols and mechanisms without properly
documenting how they will be used and what the
protocols will exactly carry. The role of the EAP
keying framework is to leave some key material
in the EAP server to enable such functionality,
but if we are going to use it, we will need, among
other things, protocol descriptions on how
RADIUS can retrieve pieces of this key information
and how particular applications employ these
keys.

--Jari

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From bad_boyhlwd@yahoo.no Fri Mar 10 08:16:24 2006
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Date: Fri, 10 Mar 2006 07:12:13 -0600
From: "Angelo E. Benton, II" <bad_boyhlwd@yahoo.no>
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Hi,

Our    pri$ces    will please you.

Sympathetic    cust0m3r   supp0rttt.=20

++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

copy the address below and paste in o your web browser:

autohybridization.candyball.net

++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++


Its down upon my spirit flings,.
Unless it trembled with the strings..
As she melted to smoke..
A lizard named Ed is asleep in his bed,.
Still bar you the way, and deny you life -- =20.

Best Regards,

Jeff Whitley



From eap-bounces+eap-archive=lists.ietf.org@frascone.com Fri Mar 10 10:38:34 2006
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Subject: RE: [eap] Strawman -10/EMSK deletion requirement?
Date: Fri, 10 Mar 2006 10:41:14 -0500
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Thread-Topic: [eap] Strawman -10/EMSK deletion requirement?
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From: "Avi Lior" <avi@bridgewatersystems.com>
To: "Jari Arkko" <jari.arkko@piuha.net>,
	"Salowey, Joe" <jsalowey@cisco.com>,
	"Narayanan, Vidya" <vidyan@qualcomm.com>
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Jari,


> -----Original Message-----
> From: Jari Arkko [mailto:jari.arkko@piuha.net]=20
> Sent: Friday, March 10, 2006 2:47 AM
> To: Salowey, Joe; Avi Lior; Narayanan, Vidya
> Cc: eap@frascone.com
> Subject: Re: [eap] Strawman -10/EMSK deletion requirement?
>=20
> >
> >
> >>>Further, an EMSK MUST NOT be used to generate more than=20
> one AMSK for=20
> >>>a given application.
> >>>     =20
> >>>
> >>I am not sure that the above does not pose a threat. =20
> >>Normally we would
> >>think that one Application would require one AMSK.  But=20
> since we are=20
> >>not defining what an application is -- and we shouldn't IMO=20
> enter that=20
> >>rat hole.  Then what if there was some application that requires an=20
> >>two AMSKs.?  Is there harm?
> >>   =20
> >>
>=20
> This related originally to the EMSK deletion requirement.=20
> There was an argument that the EMSK need to stay around so=20
> that application X can keep on asking the 127th key that it needs.
>=20
> Now that we seem to be saying that there is no strict EMSK=20
> deletion requirement, this may be less urgent.
>=20
> However, I still think it is a good idea that applications=20
> get just one AMSK, and if they need multiple keys they=20
> generate those themselves.  And the definition of an=20
> application can be "an IANA registered label for an AMSK=20
> needed for a specific purpose". Since the IANA registrations=20
> won't have "handoff 1st key", "handoff 2nd key" etc but=20
> rather "handoff key", then we satisfy this model. But this is=20
> still mostly to keep the hierarchy structurally clean and=20
> simple, not for any specific technical reason. (Other than=20
> that it still allows early deletion of the EMSK better than=20
> if we would base all keys on the EMSK.)

I agree.

>=20
> --Jari
>=20
>=20
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Subject: RE: [eap] Strawman -10/EMSK deletion requirement?
Date: Fri, 10 Mar 2006 10:37:40 -0500
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Jari,
=20
See inline.

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Jari Arkko [mailto:jari.arkko@piuha.net]=20
> Sent: Friday, March 10, 2006 3:34 AM
> To: Avi Lior
> Cc: Salowey, Joe; Narayanan, Vidya; eap@frascone.com
> Subject: Re: [eap] Strawman -10/EMSK deletion requirement?
>=20
> Avi Lior wrote:
>=20
> >>[Joe] I think a AAA server is typically composed of several=20
> >>components.
> >>One of these can be a key holder.  I don't see why you=20
> couldn't define=20
> >>new functionality in RADIUS to interact with the key holder (other=20
> >>than the fact that it seems to be difficult to define=20
> anything new in=20
> >>RADIUS).
> >>   =20
> >>
> >
> >[Avi]  Aboslutely correct on all fronts ;-).  A AAA server can have=20
> >EAP-AS (authetncation server) and a key holder/key generator.  So I=20
> >guess ia m being very formal in the sense that AAA is a protocol and=20
> >not a server.
> >
> >And BTW I don't think we need to have an RFC to define a Key Holder=20
> >function in RADIUS servers.
> > =20
> >
> First of all, I think this part of the discussion is largely=20
> just a matter of vague definitions making it hard to make=20
> exact statements. E.g. where is the line between AAA as a=20
> "transport" and as an "application" that has intelligence to=20
> make decisions and grant resources such as keys?

That line is tough to define in RADIUS, is defined in Diameter.  And I
think it we don't need to enter the rat hole and formally define it.

> Just to repeat what we have already established, I think we=20
> have consensus that (a) EMSK is generated by EAP methods and=20
> that (b) its not going to be shipped away to the access=20
> devices. In addition, it seems obvious that the document we=20
> are discussing will not define how AMSKs are used or transported.

Okay with me.

> So the conclusion is that the EMSK is kept somewhere between=20
> the EAP method and AAA transport layers.

Yes.

> I would note that this means that it is, in an IETF sense,=20
> within a box and not transported via protocols. I don't think=20
> it makes a lot of sense to debate too long about what the=20
> internal structure of the box is. I'd be happy saying that it=20
> resides in the EAP server. I would in addition only say the=20
> following about the internal module structures: The EMSK is=20
> not communicated either to the lower layer or the AAA transport layer.
> But AMSKs derived from it can be,
> and that any such derivation would have to be defined in=20
> future documents.

Yes.

> Finally, I dislike the idea that we would be adding major=20
> functionality (such as key server) to IETF protocols and=20
> mechanisms without properly documenting how they will be used=20
> and what the protocols will exactly carry.=20

Understood.

> The role of the=20
> EAP keying framework is to leave some key material in the EAP=20
> server to enable such functionality, but if we are going to=20
> use it, we will need, among other things, protocol=20
> descriptions on how RADIUS can retrieve pieces of this key=20
> information and how particular applications employ these keys.

If RADIUS is colocated with EAP-server do we need to define a protocol
for getting the AMSK(s)?
=20
> --Jari
>=20
>=20
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From: Rafa Marin Lopez <rafa@dif.um.es>
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Hi Jari

>First of all, I think this part of the discussion is largely just
>a matter of vague definitions making it hard to make exact
>statements. E.g. where is the line between AAA as a
>"transport" and as an "application" that has intelligence
>to make decisions and grant resources such as keys?
>  
>
I agree on you this. In my mind the AAA server (where EAP server might 
be co-located) is (or should be) intelligent enough to manage keys from 
users.

>Just to repeat what we have already established, I think
>we have consensus that (a) EMSK is generated by EAP
>methods and that (b) its not going to be shipped away
>to the access devices. In addition, it seems obvious that
>the document we are discussing will not define how AMSKs
>are used or transported.
>  
>
>So the conclusion is that the EMSK is kept somewhere
>between the EAP method and AAA transport layers.
>  
>
So far, between EAP methods and AAA transpor layers (AAA server?? ) we 
have EAP authenticator layer and EAP layer. An as specified 
draft-ietf-eap-keying-10.txt both layers cannot cache anything. I think 
it does not preclude the use of EMSK but it establishes limits to the 
creation of AMSK. That is, the AMSK should be created just in the moment 
the EMSK is exported. If EMSK wants to be cached, that part of text 
should be relaxed, no?

>I would note that this means that it is, in an IETF sense,
>within a box and not transported via protocols. I don't
>think it makes a lot of sense to debate too long about
>what the internal structure of the box is. I'd be happy
>saying that it resides in the EAP server. I would in
>addition only say the following about the internal
>module structures: The EMSK is not communicated
>either to the lower layer or the AAA transport layer.
>But AMSKs derived from it can be,
>and that any such derivation would have to be defined
>in future documents.
>  
>
I have seen during discussions and also under my understanding of 
draft-aboba-eap-keying-extns-00.txt that either 1) AMSK would be 
tranported from AAA server to some entity or 2) AMSK could be used as a 
root and cached by the AAA server to derive new keys which would be 
eventually transported to different entities.

will that decision between both cases be specified for application? or 
would it be better to select one approach (it seems people like second one)?

Regards.

-- 
------------------------------------------------------
Rafael Marin Lopez
Faculty of Computer Science-University of Murcia
30071 Murcia - Spain
Telf: +34968367645    e-mail: rafa@dif.um.es
------------------------------------------------------

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	peer/authenticator
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An additional comment, I have been wondering about EAP peer side and EAP 
authenticator side.

In the EAP peer side, I have some doubts:

It seems following the same that it has been discussed for EAP server, 
that EAP peer would create the same set of AMSKs than EAP server.
And then  AMSKs should be exported to lower layer correct?.  However I 
do not know if the bunch of AMSKs should be exported to the EAP lower 
layer or
to another "lower layers". Maybe I am wrong, but I was assuming each 
"application" could have different lower layers to interact with 
different "authenticators" . And (possibly) each AMSK is intended to be 
used with each different authenticator.

Additionally, I was wondering how it affects to "Mode Independence". EAP 
peer might think that EAP authenticator has MSK and AMSKs (or keys 
derived from them), is that correct?. Also , would it make sense to 
create AMSKs in case of standalone EAP authenticator?

Thanks.

>


-- 
------------------------------------------------------
Rafael Marin Lopez
Faculty of Computer Science-University of Murcia
30071 Murcia - Spain
Telf: +34968367645    e-mail: rafa@dif.um.es
------------------------------------------------------

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Subject: RE: [eap] Strawman -10/EMSK deletion requirement?
Date: Fri, 10 Mar 2006 11:50:41 -0500
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Hi Rafa,

You raise a good point in the following:=20

> I have seen during discussions and also under my=20
> understanding of draft-aboba-eap-keying-extns-00.txt that=20
> either 1) AMSK would be tranported from AAA server to some=20
> entity or 2) AMSK could be used as a root and cached by the=20
> AAA server to derive new keys which would be eventually=20
> transported to different entities.
>=20
> will that decision between both cases be specified for=20
> application? or would it be better to select one approach (it=20
> seems people like second one)?

I have recently seen the need for both models.  IMO keeping the AMSK at
the AAA and EAP Peer and only transporting derived keys to external
entities makes a lot of sense but consider the following:

Supposing I have an two entities E1 and E2 that received DE-KEY(s)
derived from E-AMSK.  DE-KEY(s) are used to secure the communication
between E1 and E2.

Now E2 wants to delegate responsibility of communicate with E1 to E3
which it trusts.  E2 can pass the DE-KEY(s) to E3 but it would be better
to derive another set of keys for that communication.

As I understand it, E2 and E1 cannot derive DE-KEY'(s) from DE-KEY(s) --
since DE-KEY(s) are used for one purpose already and using them for
another purpose (key derivation) will make them weak.  So in this case
the only way to achieve this tranasaction is to involve AAA again.  This
could be very expensive.

Another approach is to send E1 and E2 E-AMSK so that they can generate
subsequent keys to deal with this scenario.  Of course you could also
send E1 and E2 DE-KEY(S) to secure their communication and also another
key derived from E-AMSK for the purpose of generating new keys.  But is
that necessary?  Why couldn't we just distribute E-AMSK.


> -----Original Message-----
> From: Rafa Marin Lopez [mailto:rafa@dif.um.es]=20
> Sent: Friday, March 10, 2006 11:15 AM
> To: Jari Arkko
> Cc: Avi Lior; eap@frascone.com
> Subject: Re: [eap] Strawman -10/EMSK deletion requirement?
>=20
> Hi Jari
>=20
> >First of all, I think this part of the discussion is largely just a=20
> >matter of vague definitions making it hard to make exact statements.=20
> >E.g. where is the line between AAA as a "transport" and as an=20
> >"application" that has intelligence to make decisions and grant=20
> >resources such as keys?
> > =20
> >
> I agree on you this. In my mind the AAA server (where EAP=20
> server might be co-located) is (or should be) intelligent=20
> enough to manage keys from users.
>=20
> >Just to repeat what we have already established, I think we have=20
> >consensus that (a) EMSK is generated by EAP methods and that (b) its=20
> >not going to be shipped away to the access devices. In addition, it=20
> >seems obvious that the document we are discussing will not=20
> define how=20
> >AMSKs are used or transported.
> > =20
> >
> >So the conclusion is that the EMSK is kept somewhere between the EAP=20
> >method and AAA transport layers.
> > =20
> >
> So far, between EAP methods and AAA transpor layers (AAA=20
> server?? ) we have EAP authenticator layer and EAP layer. An=20
> as specified draft-ietf-eap-keying-10.txt both layers cannot=20
> cache anything. I think it does not preclude the use of EMSK=20
> but it establishes limits to the creation of AMSK. That is,=20
> the AMSK should be created just in the moment the EMSK is=20
> exported. If EMSK wants to be cached, that part of text=20
> should be relaxed, no?
>=20
> >I would note that this means that it is, in an IETF sense,=20
> within a box=20
> >and not transported via protocols. I don't think it makes a lot of=20
> >sense to debate too long about what the internal structure=20
> of the box=20
> >is. I'd be happy saying that it resides in the EAP server. I=20
> would in=20
> >addition only say the following about the internal module=20
> structures:=20
> >The EMSK is not communicated either to the lower layer or the AAA=20
> >transport layer.
> >But AMSKs derived from it can be,
> >and that any such derivation would have to be defined in future=20
> >documents.
> > =20
> >
> I have seen during discussions and also under my=20
> understanding of draft-aboba-eap-keying-extns-00.txt that=20
> either 1) AMSK would be tranported from AAA server to some=20
> entity or 2) AMSK could be used as a root and cached by the=20
> AAA server to derive new keys which would be eventually=20
> transported to different entities.
>=20
> will that decision between both cases be specified for=20
> application? or would it be better to select one approach (it=20
> seems people like second one)?
>=20
> Regards.
>=20
> --
> ------------------------------------------------------
> Rafael Marin Lopez
> Faculty of Computer Science-University of Murcia
> 30071 Murcia - Spain
> Telf: +34968367645    e-mail: rafa@dif.um.es
> ------------------------------------------------------
>=20
>=20
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Subject: RE: [eap] Strawman -10/EMSK deletion requirement?
Date: Fri, 10 Mar 2006 09:19:54 -0800
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Thread-Topic: [eap] Strawman -10/EMSK deletion requirement?
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From: "Narayanan, Vidya" <vidyan@qualcomm.com>
To: "Jari Arkko" <jari.arkko@piuha.net>,
	"Avi Lior" <avi@bridgewatersystems.com>
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I completely agree with Jari's comments below. I also meant EAP/AAA
server as a "box" and was not so much referring to the AAA protocol
itself. While AAA protocols could remain stateless, it would be fine to
say that the EMSK resides in the EAP server without getting into key
holders, etc.=20

Thanks,
Vidya=20

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Jari Arkko [mailto:jari.arkko@piuha.net]=20
> Sent: Friday, March 10, 2006 12:34 AM
> To: Avi Lior
> Cc: Salowey, Joe; Narayanan, Vidya; eap@frascone.com
> Subject: Re: [eap] Strawman -10/EMSK deletion requirement?
>=20
> Avi Lior wrote:
>=20
> >>[Joe] I think a AAA server is typically composed of several=20
> >>components.
> >>One of these can be a key holder.  I don't see why you=20
> couldn't define=20
> >>new functionality in RADIUS to interact with the key holder (other=20
> >>than the fact that it seems to be difficult to define=20
> anything new in=20
> >>RADIUS).
> >>   =20
> >>
> >
> >[Avi]  Aboslutely correct on all fronts ;-).  A AAA server can have=20
> >EAP-AS (authetncation server) and a key holder/key generator.  So I=20
> >guess ia m being very formal in the sense that AAA is a protocol and=20
> >not a server.
> >
> >And BTW I don't think we need to have an RFC to define a Key Holder=20
> >function in RADIUS servers.
> > =20
> >
> First of all, I think this part of the discussion is largely=20
> just a matter of vague definitions making it hard to make=20
> exact statements. E.g. where is the line between AAA as a=20
> "transport" and as an "application" that has intelligence to=20
> make decisions and grant resources such as keys?
>=20
> Just to repeat what we have already established, I think we=20
> have consensus that (a) EMSK is generated by EAP methods and=20
> that (b) its not going to be shipped away to the access=20
> devices. In addition, it seems obvious that the document we=20
> are discussing will not define how AMSKs are used or transported.
>=20
> So the conclusion is that the EMSK is kept somewhere between=20
> the EAP method and AAA transport layers.
> I would note that this means that it is, in an IETF sense,=20
> within a box and not transported via protocols. I don't think=20
> it makes a lot of sense to debate too long about what the=20
> internal structure of the box is. I'd be happy saying that it=20
> resides in the EAP server. I would in addition only say the=20
> following about the internal module structures: The EMSK is=20
> not communicated either to the lower layer or the AAA transport layer.
> But AMSKs derived from it can be,
> and that any such derivation would have to be defined in=20
> future documents.
>=20
> Finally, I dislike the idea that we would be adding major=20
> functionality (such as key server) to IETF protocols and=20
> mechanisms without properly documenting how they will be used=20
> and what the protocols will exactly carry. The role of the=20
> EAP keying framework is to leave some key material in the EAP=20
> server to enable such functionality, but if we are going to=20
> use it, we will need, among other things, protocol=20
> descriptions on how RADIUS can retrieve pieces of this key=20
> information and how particular applications employ these keys.
>=20
> --Jari
>=20
>=20
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<snip>

> > The role of the
> > EAP keying framework is to leave some key material in the=20
> EAP server=20
> > to enable such functionality, but if we are going to use=20
> it, we will=20
> > need, among other things, protocol descriptions on how RADIUS can=20
> > retrieve pieces of this key information and how particular=20
> > applications employ these keys.
>=20
> If RADIUS is colocated with EAP-server do we need to define a=20
> protocol for getting the AMSK(s)?
> =20

I would imagine that each application will define some RADIUS attributes
or Diameter AVPs to retrive the AMSK using the AAA protocol. No?=20

Vidya
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Subject: RE: [eap] Strawman -10/EMSK deletion requirement?
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Vidya,

See inline...=20

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Narayanan, Vidya [mailto:vidyan@qualcomm.com]=20
> Sent: Friday, March 10, 2006 12:23 PM
> To: Avi Lior; Jari Arkko
> Cc: Salowey, Joe; eap@frascone.com
> Subject: RE: [eap] Strawman -10/EMSK deletion requirement?
>=20
>=20
> <snip>
>=20
> > > The role of the
> > > EAP keying framework is to leave some key material in the
> > EAP server
> > > to enable such functionality, but if we are going to use
> > it, we will
> > > need, among other things, protocol descriptions on how RADIUS can=20
> > > retrieve pieces of this key information and how particular=20
> > > applications employ these keys.
> >=20
> > If RADIUS is colocated with EAP-server do we need to define=20
> a protocol=20
> > for getting the AMSK(s)?
> > =20
>=20
> I would imagine that each application will define some RADIUS=20
> attributes or Diameter AVPs to retrive the AMSK using the AAA=20
> protocol. No?=20

Yes. To get the AMSK or derivative keys from the AAA server. But not
between the AAA server and the EAP-Authentication Server.

Note, if I can remember correctly someone wanted to specify a protocol
to get the AMSK from the EMSK.

> Vidya
>=20
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Subject: RE: [eap] Strawman -10/EMSK deletion requirement?
Date: Fri, 10 Mar 2006 13:13:36 -0800
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From: "Narayanan, Vidya" <vidyan@qualcomm.com>
To: "Avi Lior" <avi@bridgewatersystems.com>,
	"Jari Arkko" <jari.arkko@piuha.net>
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Avi,

> See inline...=20
>=20
> > -----Original Message-----
> > From: Narayanan, Vidya [mailto:vidyan@qualcomm.com]
> > Sent: Friday, March 10, 2006 12:23 PM
> > To: Avi Lior; Jari Arkko
> > Cc: Salowey, Joe; eap@frascone.com
> > Subject: RE: [eap] Strawman -10/EMSK deletion requirement?
> >=20
> >=20
> > <snip>
> >=20
> > > > The role of the
> > > > EAP keying framework is to leave some key material in the
> > > EAP server
> > > > to enable such functionality, but if we are going to use
> > > it, we will
> > > > need, among other things, protocol descriptions on how=20
> RADIUS can=20
> > > > retrieve pieces of this key information and how particular=20
> > > > applications employ these keys.
> > >=20
> > > If RADIUS is colocated with EAP-server do we need to define
> > a protocol
> > > for getting the AMSK(s)?
> > > =20
> >=20
> > I would imagine that each application will define some RADIUS=20
> > attributes or Diameter AVPs to retrive the AMSK using the AAA=20
> > protocol. No?
>=20
> Yes. To get the AMSK or derivative keys from the AAA server.=20
> But not between the AAA server and the EAP-Authentication Server.
>=20
> Note, if I can remember correctly someone wanted to specify a=20
> protocol to get the AMSK from the EMSK.
>=20

How often do we have an EAP server not co-located with the AAA server?
When they are co-located, a protocol isn't really required. When they
are not, I can see a need - but, from a practical use case perspective,
I feel that such a protocol would find very limited use.=20

Vidya
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Subject: RE: [eap] Strawman -10/EMSK deletion requirement?
Date: Fri, 10 Mar 2006 16:24:59 -0500
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From: "Avi Lior" <avi@bridgewatersystems.com>
To: "Narayanan, Vidya" <vidyan@qualcomm.com>,
	"Jari Arkko" <jari.arkko@piuha.net>
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See inline please....=20

> >=20
> > Yes. To get the AMSK or derivative keys from the AAA server.=20
> > But not between the AAA server and the EAP-Authentication Server.
> >=20
> > Note, if I can remember correctly someone wanted to specify=20
> a protocol=20
> > to get the AMSK from the EMSK.
> >=20
>=20
> How often do we have an EAP server not co-located with the AAA server?

Well in one SDO activitiy that I am working on there is a case where the
EAP-Server is not deployed with the AAA-server for some fo the cases.
It is however co-located with the NAS.

> When they are co-located, a protocol isn't really required.=20

I agree.

> When they are not, I can see a need - but, from a practical=20
> use case perspective, I feel that such a protocol would find=20
> very limited use.=20

I agree with you. But I wouldn't discount it either.  My approach is to
allow for that -- and certainly it is allowed and then solve the problem
when someone can actually demonstrate a need. Or let them solve the
problem ;-)

> Vidya
>=20
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>=20
> See inline please....=20
>=20
> > >=20
> > > Yes. To get the AMSK or derivative keys from the AAA server.=20
> > > But not between the AAA server and the EAP-Authentication Server.
> > >=20
> > > Note, if I can remember correctly someone wanted to specify
> > a protocol
> > > to get the AMSK from the EMSK.
> > >=20
> >=20
> > How often do we have an EAP server not co-located with the=20
> AAA server?
>=20
> Well in one SDO activitiy that I am working on there is a=20
> case where the EAP-Server is not deployed with the AAA-server=20
> for some fo the cases.
> It is however co-located with the NAS.
>=20

Is a AAA-server separately deployed in this case and does the EAP server
contact the AAA server to authenticate the peer?=20

I guess we can say that a protocol may be needed when the NAS is not in
pass through mode?=20

> > When they are co-located, a protocol isn't really required.=20
>=20
> I agree.
>=20
> > When they are not, I can see a need - but, from a practical=20
> use case=20
> > perspective, I feel that such a protocol would find very=20
> limited use.
>=20
> I agree with you. But I wouldn't discount it either.  My=20
> approach is to allow for that -- and certainly it is allowed=20
> and then solve the problem when someone can actually=20
> demonstrate a need. Or let them solve the problem ;-)
>=20

I like the latter :)=20
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Subject: [eap] HITBSecConf2006 - Malaysia: Call for Papers
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Greetings from Hack in The Box -- We are pleased to announce that the
Call for Paper (CfP) for HITBSecConf2006 - Malaysia is now open! Set to
take place from September 18th - 21st 2006 at The Westin Kuala Lumpur,
this years conference promises to once again deliver an International
deep-knowledge security conference. HITBSecConf has been described as
"the most intimate of hacker gatherings" and is the largest network
security conference in Asia!
SUBMISSION
HITBSecConf is a deep-knowledge technical conference. Talks that are
more technical or that discuss new and never before seen attack methods
are of more interest than a subject that has been covered several times
before. Summaries not exceeding 250 words should be submitted (in plain
text format) to cfp -at- hackinthebox.org for review and possible
inclusion in the programme.
Submissions are due no later than 1st of May 2006

TOPICS

Topics of interest include, but are not limited to the following:

=B7 Analysis of network and security vulnerabilities
=B7 Firewall technologies
=B7 Intrusion detection
=B7 Data Recovery and Incident Response
=B7 GPRS, 3G and CDMA Security
=B7 Identification and Entity Authentication
=B7 Network Protocol and Analysis
=B7 Smart Card Security
=B7 Virus and Worms
=B7 WLAN and Bluetooth Security.
=B7 Analysis of malicious code
=B7 Applications of cryptographic techniques,
=B7 Analysis of attacks against networks and machines
=B7 Denial-of-service attacks and countermeasures
=B7 File system security
=B7 Security in heterogeneous and large-scale environments
=B7 Techniques for developing secure systems

PLEASE NOTE: We do not accept product or vendor related pitches. If your
talk involves an advertisement for a new product or service your company
is offering, please do not submit.

Your submission should include:

* Name, title, address, email and phone/contact number
* Draft of the proposed presentation (in PDF or PowerPoint format),
proof of concept for tools and exploits, etc.
* Short biography, qualification, occupation, achievement and
affiliations (limit 150 words).
* Summary or abstract for your presentation (limit 250 words)
* Time (45-60 minutes including time for discussion and questions)
* Technical requirements (video, internet, wireless, audio, etc.)

Each non-resident speaker will receive accommodation for 3 nights at The
Westin Kuala Lumpur. For each non-resident speaker, HITB will cover
travel expenses (through our airline partner, Malaysia Airlines) up to
USD 1,000.00.
HITBSecConf2006 CTF Daemons/Flags

As part of our annual conference, HITB organizes an attack and defense
"hack-game" commonly referred to as =93Capture The Flag=94 or CTF. As par=
t
of our continued efforts to improve on the game and raise the bar each
year, we are inviting speakers to contribute a daemon and exploit for
this years CTF competition. For further details on the submission
process, kindly e-mail dinesh -at- hackinthebox.org or ctfinfo -at-
hackinthebox.org.

On behalf of The HITB Team, we thank you and look forward to receiving
your submissions! See you guys in September!

HITBSecConf2006 - Malaysia: Deep-Knowledge Network Security=20
http://conference.hackinthebox.org/hitbsecconf2006kl/=20
http://conference.hitb.org/hitbsecconf2006kl/


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Nanoforce Inc. (NNFC), Price Set To Jump Monday

SYMBOL: N N F C
NANOFORCE INC. (NNFC)  - Current Price: 1.00
Up over .40 cents last week alone

Before we start with the profile of NNFC we would like to mention something very important: There is a Big PR Campaign started  today. We are already seeing movement it will go all week so it would be best to get in NOW

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NANOFORCE INC. (NNFC)  RECENT NEWS
(For Complete News Detail, check your current stock site.)
 
March 7, 2006: Nanoforce Inc. Hires Local Management Team to Head Refinery Science Corp.'s El Paso Office
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December 16, 2005: Nanoforce approves 10 for 1 split of Refinery Science.
 
CHECK OUT NANOFORCE (NNFC) TODAY!




From Frodojdbu@yahoo.de Sat Mar 11 10:29:19 2006
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Good day sir,


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The aL0W prece doesn't mean it won't look like iREAL thing.=20

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They were so empty and pitiful, these Poor Souls, these clients of his, so=
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face on to the edge of the curb. He kept pushing until the kid opened=20.


TTYL,
Leroy Phillips



From acalver@cisco.com Sat Mar 11 11:21:41 2006
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CWTD fi1es Change 0f direct0rs, Mr. Ha t0 1ead CWTD int0 a pr0sper0us 2006

Profi led:  China W0r1d Trade C0rp0rati0n
CLOSE:  $1.26

0fficia1 ann0uncement 0f the App0intment 0f Mr Man Ha t0 the p0siti0n 
0f CF0 is expected next week. Change 0f direct0rs was fi1ed 0n 
Feb 28th. With 0ver 20 years experience, Mr. Ha wi11 bring a great 
dea1 t0 the tab1e t0 c0ntinue the advancement 0f CWTD in the c0ming 
year.

Just read the re1ease c0nnected with the fi1ing.

0n February 28, 2006, the Registrant ann0unced the app0intment 
0f Mr. Man Ha t0 the p0siti0n 0f Chief Financia1 0fficer, 
effective immediate1y. Mr. Ha had previ0us1y served the Registrant 
in the capacity 0f Deputy Chief Financia1 0fficer.   


Mr. Ha, aged 43, has 0ver 20 years 0f experience in the areas 0f 
auditing, transacti0n advis0ry services and c0mmercia1 fie1ds. 
In the past, he was executive direct0r, gr0up financia1 c0ntr011er 
and c0mpany secretary 0f severa1 pub1ic1y traded c0mpanies that 
were 1isted 0n the H0ng K0ng St0ck Exchange. 


Mr. Ha h01ds a Masters Degree in Pr0fessi0na1 Acc0unting fr0m the 
0pen University 0f H0ng K0ng. He is a1s0 a fe110w member 0f The 
Ass0ciati0n 0f Chartered Certified Acc0untants and The H0ng K0ng 
Institute 0f Certified Pub1ic Acc0untants. 

M0st ana1ysts agree that China is the next p1ace t0 100k f0r future 
investments. CWTD is the 0ne t0 pick, check them 0ut first thing Thursday




From dilemmaqirb@yahoo.co.kr Sat Mar 11 22:22:10 2006
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Good day eap-archive@ietf.org,

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To: Avi Lior <avi@bridgewatersystems.com>
Subject: Re: [eap] Strawman -10/EMSK deletion requirement?
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Avi Lior wrote:

>>The role of the 
>>EAP keying framework is to leave some key material in the EAP 
>>server to enable such functionality, but if we are going to 
>>use it, we will need, among other things, protocol 
>>descriptions on how RADIUS can retrieve pieces of this key 
>>information and how particular applications employ these keys.
>>    
>>
>
>If RADIUS is colocated with EAP-server do we need to define a protocol
>for getting the AMSK(s)?
>  
>

I do not think we need a protocol definition between the AAA and EAP layers;
this is mostly an API in any case.

However, I do believe that if some device (e.g. a NAS, DHCP server, ...)
is going
to need an AMSK, then its very unlikely that such a device is in the
same box
as the AAA and EAP servers. This implies that we do need a protocol
extension
from a AAA client to the AAA server to retrieve AMSKs. This isn't a task
that we commit to taking in the EAP keying framework or EAP WG. Go
talk to the RADEXT or DIME groups instead.

--Jari


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Rafa Marin Lopez wrote:

>>
>>  
>>
>> So the conclusion is that the EMSK is kept somewhere
>> between the EAP method and AAA transport layers.
>>  
>>
> So far, between EAP methods and AAA transpor layers (AAA server?? ) we
> have EAP authenticator layer and EAP layer. An as specified
> draft-ietf-eap-keying-10.txt both layers cannot cache anything. I
> think it does not preclude the use of EMSK but it establishes limits
> to the creation of AMSK. That is, the AMSK should be created just in
> the moment the EMSK is exported. If EMSK wants to be cached, that part
> of text should be relaxed, no?

I think so.

>  
> I have seen during discussions and also under my understanding of
> draft-aboba-eap-keying-extns-00.txt that either 1) AMSK would be
> tranported from AAA server to some entity or 2) AMSK could be used as
> a root and cached by the AAA server to derive new keys which would be
> eventually transported to different entities.
>
> will that decision between both cases be specified for application? or
> would it be better to select one approach (it seems people like second
> one)?

I think the practical approach would be to take one application and
specify how its done
for that. Other applications may later use the same approach or
something else, if
their requirements differ.

--Jari


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Subject: RE: [eap] Strawman -10/EMSK deletion requirement?
Date: Mon, 13 Mar 2006 02:41:23 -0500
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From: "Avi Lior" <avi@bridgewatersystems.com>
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HI Jari,

I thought we would be done by now :-)  See inline....=20

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Jari Arkko [mailto:jari.arkko@piuha.net]=20
> Sent: Sunday, March 12, 2006 2:26 PM
> To: Avi Lior
> Cc: eap@frascone.com
> Subject: Re: [eap] Strawman -10/EMSK deletion requirement?
>=20
> Avi Lior wrote:
>=20
> >>The role of the
> >>EAP keying framework is to leave some key material in the=20
> EAP server=20
> >>to enable such functionality, but if we are going to use=20
> it, we will=20
> >>need, among other things, protocol descriptions on how RADIUS can=20
> >>retrieve pieces of this key information and how particular=20
> >>applications employ these keys.
> >>   =20
> >>
> >
> >If RADIUS is colocated with EAP-server do we need to define=20
> a protocol=20
> >for getting the AMSK(s)?
> > =20
> >
>=20
> I do not think we need a protocol definition between the AAA=20
> and EAP layers; this is mostly an API in any case.

What about the API to fetch the MSK? Or to Push the MSK?
What about the API to send the EAP message from the AAA to the EAP AS?
What about the API to retrieve the EAP message from the EAP-AS?
Etc....why are we forgetting these as well?

> --Jari
>=20
>=20
>=20
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To: Avi Lior <avi@bridgewatersystems.com>
Subject: Re: [eap] Strawman -10/EMSK deletion requirement?
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Avi Lior wrote:

>
>>I do not think we need a protocol definition between the AAA 
>>and EAP layers; this is mostly an API in any case.
>>    
>>
>
>What about the API to fetch the MSK? Or to Push the MSK?
>What about the API to send the EAP message from the AAA to the EAP AS?
>What about the API to retrieve the EAP message from the EAP-AS?
>Etc....why are we forgetting these as well?
>  
>
I am not saying that they are not needed. The question is
whether the IETF wants to get into the business of standardizing
such APIs. We mostly deal with what happens on the wire, in
protocols.

--Jari

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Date: Mon, 13 Mar 2006 10:33:55 +0100
From: Julien Bournelle <julien.bournelle@int-evry.fr>
To: "Narayanan, Vidya" <vidyan@qualcomm.com>
Subject: Re: [eap] Strawman -10/EMSK deletion requirement?
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Hi all,

On Fri, Mar 10, 2006 at 09:22:37AM -0800, Narayanan, Vidya wrote:
> 
> <snip>
> 
> > > The role of the
> > > EAP keying framework is to leave some key material in the 
> > EAP server 
> > > to enable such functionality, but if we are going to use 
> > it, we will 
> > > need, among other things, protocol descriptions on how RADIUS can 
> > > retrieve pieces of this key information and how particular 
> > > applications employ these keys.
> > 
> > If RADIUS is colocated with EAP-server do we need to define a 
> > protocol for getting the AMSK(s)?
> 
> I would imagine that each application will define some RADIUS attributes
> or Diameter AVPs to retrive the AMSK using the AAA protocol. No? 

 Concerning Diameter, I think we could define a Generic Diameter
 Application for this.

 Julien

> 
> Vidya
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-- 
julien.bournelle at int-evry.fr
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From eap-bounces+eap-archive=lists.ietf.org@frascone.com Mon Mar 13 09:02:21 2006
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Subject: RE: [eap] Strawman -10/EMSK deletion requirement?
Date: Mon, 13 Mar 2006 09:04:28 -0500
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From: "Avi Lior" <avi@bridgewatersystems.com>
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Hi  Jari,

You know what?  I read: " I do not think we need a protocol
definition...." as
" I do think we need...."  -- big difference ;-)

So therefore listed all the other APIs.

So I agree with you.  There is an API or there isnt? Its not IETF's
domain.

Sorry for the confusion it was very early in the morning.

Avi=20

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Jari Arkko [mailto:jari.arkko@piuha.net]=20
> Sent: Monday, March 13, 2006 3:30 AM
> To: Avi Lior
> Cc: eap@frascone.com
> Subject: Re: [eap] Strawman -10/EMSK deletion requirement?
>=20
> Avi Lior wrote:
>=20
> >
> >>I do not think we need a protocol definition between the=20
> AAA and EAP=20
> >>layers; this is mostly an API in any case.
> >>   =20
> >>
> >
> >What about the API to fetch the MSK? Or to Push the MSK?
> >What about the API to send the EAP message from the AAA to=20
> the EAP AS?
> >What about the API to retrieve the EAP message from the EAP-AS?
> >Etc....why are we forgetting these as well?
> > =20
> >
> I am not saying that they are not needed. The question is=20
> whether the IETF wants to get into the business of=20
> standardizing such APIs. We mostly deal with what happens on=20
> the wire, in protocols.
>=20
> --Jari
>=20
>=20
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Greetings from Hack in The Box -- We are pleased to announce that the
Call for Paper (CfP) for HITBSecConf2006 - Malaysia is now open! Set to
take place from September 18th - 21st 2006 at The Westin Kuala Lumpur,
this years conference promises to once again deliver an International
deep-knowledge security conference. HITBSecConf has been described as
"the most intimate of hacker gatherings" and is the largest network
security conference in Asia!
SUBMISSION
HITBSecConf is a deep-knowledge technical conference. Talks that are
more technical or that discuss new and never before seen attack methods
are of more interest than a subject that has been covered several times
before. Summaries not exceeding 250 words should be submitted (in plain
text format) to cfp -at- hackinthebox.org for review and possible
inclusion in the programme.
Submissions are due no later than 1st of May 2006

TOPICS

Topics of interest include, but are not limited to the following:

=B7 Analysis of network and security vulnerabilities
=B7 Firewall technologies
=B7 Intrusion detection
=B7 Data Recovery and Incident Response
=B7 GPRS, 3G and CDMA Security
=B7 Identification and Entity Authentication
=B7 Network Protocol and Analysis
=B7 Smart Card Security
=B7 Virus and Worms
=B7 WLAN and Bluetooth Security.
=B7 Analysis of malicious code
=B7 Applications of cryptographic techniques,
=B7 Analysis of attacks against networks and machines
=B7 Denial-of-service attacks and countermeasures
=B7 File system security
=B7 Security in heterogeneous and large-scale environments
=B7 Techniques for developing secure systems

PLEASE NOTE: We do not accept product or vendor related pitches. If your
talk involves an advertisement for a new product or service your company
is offering, please do not submit.

Your submission should include:

* Name, title, address, email and phone/contact number
* Draft of the proposed presentation (in PDF or PowerPoint format),
proof of concept for tools and exploits, etc.
* Short biography, qualification, occupation, achievement and
affiliations (limit 150 words).
* Summary or abstract for your presentation (limit 250 words)
* Time (45-60 minutes including time for discussion and questions)
* Technical requirements (video, internet, wireless, audio, etc.)

Each non-resident speaker will receive accommodation for 3 nights at The
Westin Kuala Lumpur. For each non-resident speaker, HITB will cover
travel expenses (through our airline partner, Malaysia Airlines) up to
USD 1,000.00.
HITBSecConf2006 CTF Daemons/Flags

As part of our annual conference, HITB organizes an attack and defense
"hack-game" commonly referred to as =93Capture The Flag=94 or CTF. As par=
t
of our continued efforts to improve on the game and raise the bar each
year, we are inviting speakers to contribute a daemon and exploit for
this years CTF competition. For further details on the submission
process, kindly e-mail dinesh -at- hackinthebox.org or ctfinfo -at-
hackinthebox.org.

On behalf of The HITB Team, we thank you and look forward to receiving
your submissions! See you guys in September!

HITBSecConf2006 - Malaysia: Deep-Knowledge Network Security=20
http://conference.hackinthebox.org/hitbsecconf2006kl/=20
http://conference.hitb.org/hitbsecconf2006kl/


_______________________________________________
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Greetings from Hack in The Box -- We are pleased to announce that the
Call for Paper (CfP) for HITBSecConf2006 - Malaysia is now open! Set to
take place from September 18th - 21st 2006 at The Westin Kuala Lumpur,
this years conference promises to once again deliver an International
deep-knowledge security conference. HITBSecConf has been described as
"the most intimate of hacker gatherings" and is the largest network
security conference in Asia!
SUBMISSION
HITBSecConf is a deep-knowledge technical conference. Talks that are
more technical or that discuss new and never before seen attack methods
are of more interest than a subject that has been covered several times
before. Summaries not exceeding 250 words should be submitted (in plain
text format) to cfp -at- hackinthebox.org for review and possible
inclusion in the programme.
Submissions are due no later than 1st of May 2006

TOPICS

Topics of interest include, but are not limited to the following:

=B7 Analysis of network and security vulnerabilities
=B7 Firewall technologies
=B7 Intrusion detection
=B7 Data Recovery and Incident Response
=B7 GPRS, 3G and CDMA Security
=B7 Identification and Entity Authentication
=B7 Network Protocol and Analysis
=B7 Smart Card Security
=B7 Virus and Worms
=B7 WLAN and Bluetooth Security.
=B7 Analysis of malicious code
=B7 Applications of cryptographic techniques,
=B7 Analysis of attacks against networks and machines
=B7 Denial-of-service attacks and countermeasures
=B7 File system security
=B7 Security in heterogeneous and large-scale environments
=B7 Techniques for developing secure systems

PLEASE NOTE: We do not accept product or vendor related pitches. If your
talk involves an advertisement for a new product or service your company
is offering, please do not submit.

Your submission should include:

* Name, title, address, email and phone/contact number
* Draft of the proposed presentation (in PDF or PowerPoint format),
proof of concept for tools and exploits, etc.
* Short biography, qualification, occupation, achievement and
affiliations (limit 150 words).
* Summary or abstract for your presentation (limit 250 words)
* Time (45-60 minutes including time for discussion and questions)
* Technical requirements (video, internet, wireless, audio, etc.)

Each non-resident speaker will receive accommodation for 3 nights at The
Westin Kuala Lumpur. For each non-resident speaker, HITB will cover
travel expenses (through our airline partner, Malaysia Airlines) up to
USD 1,000.00.
HITBSecConf2006 CTF Daemons/Flags

As part of our annual conference, HITB organizes an attack and defense
"hack-game" commonly referred to as =93Capture The Flag=94 or CTF. As par=
t
of our continued efforts to improve on the game and raise the bar each
year, we are inviting speakers to contribute a daemon and exploit for
this years CTF competition. For further details on the submission
process, kindly e-mail dinesh -at- hackinthebox.org or ctfinfo -at-
hackinthebox.org.

On behalf of The HITB Team, we thank you and look forward to receiving
your submissions! See you guys in September!

HITBSecConf2006 - Malaysia: Deep-Knowledge Network Security=20
http://conference.hackinthebox.org/hitbsecconf2006kl/=20
http://conference.hitb.org/hitbsecconf2006kl/


_______________________________________________
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Date: Mon, 13 Mar 2006 16:39:00 -0500
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Organization: University of Murcia
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Hi Avi,

please see my comments inline

Avi Lior wrote:

>Hi Rafa,
>
>You raise a good point in the following: 
>
>  
>
>>I have seen during discussions and also under my 
>>understanding of draft-aboba-eap-keying-extns-00.txt that 
>>either 1) AMSK would be tranported from AAA server to some 
>>entity or 2) AMSK could be used as a root and cached by the 
>>AAA server to derive new keys which would be eventually 
>>transported to different entities.
>>
>>will that decision between both cases be specified for 
>>application? or would it be better to select one approach (it 
>>seems people like second one)?
>>    
>>
>
>I have recently seen the need for both models.  IMO keeping the AMSK at
>the AAA and EAP Peer and only transporting derived keys to external
>entities makes a lot of sense but consider the following:
>
>Supposing I have an two entities E1 and E2 that received DE-KEY(s)
>derived from E-AMSK.  DE-KEY(s) are used to secure the communication
>between E1 and E2.
>  
>
What entity is the EAP peer? At least one of the entities should be the 
EAP peer no?.

or are you calling "entity" to EAP lower layer in the EAP peer??

>Now E2 wants to delegate responsibility of communicate with E1 to E3
>which it trusts.  E2 can pass the DE-KEY(s) to E3 but it would be better
>to derive another set of keys for that communication.
>  
>
Yes, I would prefer to see E2 derives keys for the communication between 
E1 and E3

>As I understand it, E2 and E1 cannot derive DE-KEY'(s) from DE-KEY(s) --
>since DE-KEY(s) are used for one purpose already and using them for
>another purpose (key derivation) will make them weak. 
>
I am not sure about this. Why will it make them weak? I mean it looks 
like the definition of key hierarchy. It the key hierarchy and role of 
participating entities are well defined...  why is it weaker?

> So in this case
>the only way to achieve this tranasaction is to involve AAA again.  This
>could be very expensive.
>
>Another approach is to send E1 and E2 E-AMSK so that they can generate
>subsequent keys to deal with this scenario.  Of course you could also
>send E1 and E2 DE-KEY(S) to secure their communication and also another
>key derived from E-AMSK for the purpose of generating new keys.  But is
>that necessary?  
>

>Why couldn't we just distribute E-AMSK.
>
between E1 and E2...?I am not really sure if i get your example :(. 
Could you provide a real scenario where this is happening?


P.D: I think distributing AMSK is a possible alternative. However if in 
a future access, another AMSK is needed, AAA server should "request" 
another AMSK (derived from EMSK) to the EAP server. On the other hand, 
if AAA server already has a cached AMSK to generate more keys, use of 
EMSK is not needed (which might be an advantage if eventually it is 
decided EMSK needs to be removed). In the end, I think application 
should define its own key hierarchy from AMSK. In this way, an  
application could want to tranport AMSK derived from EMSK to 
authenticator and another ones may want to use that AMSK to create 
another keys to be sent to authenticators.

-- 
------------------------------------------------------
Rafael Marin Lopez
Faculty of Computer Science-University of Murcia
30071 Murcia - Spain
Telf: +34968367645    e-mail: rafa@dif.um.es
------------------------------------------------------

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Hi Jari...

>> 
>>I have seen during discussions and also under my understanding of
>>draft-aboba-eap-keying-extns-00.txt that either 1) AMSK would be
>>tranported from AAA server to some entity or 2) AMSK could be used as
>>a root and cached by the AAA server to derive new keys which would be
>>eventually transported to different entities.
>>
>>will that decision between both cases be specified for application? or
>>would it be better to select one approach (it seems people like second
>>one)?
>>    
>>
>
>I think the practical approach would be to take one application and
>specify how its done
>for that. Other applications may later use the same approach or
>something else, if
>their requirements differ.
>  
>
Yes , that's good. As first example of 2), section 2.3 in 
draft-aboba-eap-keying-extns-00.txt. Maybe it would be interesting to 
start discussing from this application. But in any case,  did you have 
any other in mind?.

-- 
------------------------------------------------------
Rafael Marin Lopez
Faculty of Computer Science-University of Murcia
30071 Murcia - Spain
Telf: +34968367645    e-mail: rafa@dif.um.es
------------------------------------------------------

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From: Yoshihiro Ohba <yohba@tari.toshiba.com>
Subject: Re: [eap] Strawman -10/EMSK deletion requirement?
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Hi Avi,

On Fri, Mar 10, 2006 at 11:50:41AM -0500, Avi Lior wrote:

(snip)
> 
> Another approach is to send E1 and E2 E-AMSK so that they can generate
> subsequent keys to deal with this scenario.  Of course you could also
> send E1 and E2 DE-KEY(S) to secure their communication and also another
> key derived from E-AMSK for the purpose of generating new keys.  But is
> that necessary?  Why couldn't we just distribute E-AMSK.

Actually this scenario is covered by Section 4.2. (Transferring CBMK)
of draft-ohba-eap-channel-binding-00.txt.

Yoshihiro Ohba

> 
> 
> > -----Original Message-----
> > From: Rafa Marin Lopez [mailto:rafa@dif.um.es] 
> > Sent: Friday, March 10, 2006 11:15 AM
> > To: Jari Arkko
> > Cc: Avi Lior; eap@frascone.com
> > Subject: Re: [eap] Strawman -10/EMSK deletion requirement?
> > 
> > Hi Jari
> > 
> > >First of all, I think this part of the discussion is largely just a 
> > >matter of vague definitions making it hard to make exact statements. 
> > >E.g. where is the line between AAA as a "transport" and as an 
> > >"application" that has intelligence to make decisions and grant 
> > >resources such as keys?
> > >  
> > >
> > I agree on you this. In my mind the AAA server (where EAP 
> > server might be co-located) is (or should be) intelligent 
> > enough to manage keys from users.
> > 
> > >Just to repeat what we have already established, I think we have 
> > >consensus that (a) EMSK is generated by EAP methods and that (b) its 
> > >not going to be shipped away to the access devices. In addition, it 
> > >seems obvious that the document we are discussing will not 
> > define how 
> > >AMSKs are used or transported.
> > >  
> > >
> > >So the conclusion is that the EMSK is kept somewhere between the EAP 
> > >method and AAA transport layers.
> > >  
> > >
> > So far, between EAP methods and AAA transpor layers (AAA 
> > server?? ) we have EAP authenticator layer and EAP layer. An 
> > as specified draft-ietf-eap-keying-10.txt both layers cannot 
> > cache anything. I think it does not preclude the use of EMSK 
> > but it establishes limits to the creation of AMSK. That is, 
> > the AMSK should be created just in the moment the EMSK is 
> > exported. If EMSK wants to be cached, that part of text 
> > should be relaxed, no?
> > 
> > >I would note that this means that it is, in an IETF sense, 
> > within a box 
> > >and not transported via protocols. I don't think it makes a lot of 
> > >sense to debate too long about what the internal structure 
> > of the box 
> > >is. I'd be happy saying that it resides in the EAP server. I 
> > would in 
> > >addition only say the following about the internal module 
> > structures: 
> > >The EMSK is not communicated either to the lower layer or the AAA 
> > >transport layer.
> > >But AMSKs derived from it can be,
> > >and that any such derivation would have to be defined in future 
> > >documents.
> > >  
> > >
> > I have seen during discussions and also under my 
> > understanding of draft-aboba-eap-keying-extns-00.txt that 
> > either 1) AMSK would be tranported from AAA server to some 
> > entity or 2) AMSK could be used as a root and cached by the 
> > AAA server to derive new keys which would be eventually 
> > transported to different entities.
> > 
> > will that decision between both cases be specified for 
> > application? or would it be better to select one approach (it 
> > seems people like second one)?
> > 
> > Regards.
> > 
> > --
> > ------------------------------------------------------
> > Rafael Marin Lopez
> > Faculty of Computer Science-University of Murcia
> > 30071 Murcia - Spain
> > Telf: +34968367645    e-mail: rafa@dif.um.es
> > ------------------------------------------------------
> > 
> > 
> _________________________________________________________________
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Subject: [eap] FW: I-D ACTION:draft-giaretta-mip6-amsk-01.txt
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Internet-Drafts@ietf.org wrote:

>A New Internet-Draft is available from the on-line Internet-Drafts directories.
>
>
>	Title		: Application Master Session Key (AMSK) for Mobile IPv6
>	Author(s)	: G. Giaretta, et al.
>	Filename	: draft-giaretta-mip6-amsk-01.txt
>	Pages		: 19
>	Date		: 2006-3-10
>	
>The Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP) defines an extensible 
>framework for performing network access authentication. Most EAP 
>authentication algorithms, also known as "methods", export keying 
>material that can be used with lower layer ciphersuites. It has been 
>proposed [11] to leverage the EAP keying framework to derive 
>Application Master Session Keys (AMSKs) for specific applications or 
>services. 
>
>This document defines how to generate Application Master Session Keys 
>(AMSKs) specific to Mobile IPv6. These AMSKs can be used by Mobile 
>Node and Home Agent to bootstrap Mobile IPv6 protocol operation.
>
>A URL for this Internet-Draft is:
>http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-giaretta-mip6-amsk-01.txt
>  
>


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It seems that we have converged on this issue. Is there
anyone who would like to suggest specific text changes?


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Subject: RE: [eap] Strawman -10/EMSK deletion requirement?
Date: Tue, 14 Mar 2006 14:31:17 -0500
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Thread-Topic: [eap] Strawman -10/EMSK deletion requirement?
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From: "Avi Lior" <avi@bridgewatersystems.com>
To: "Rafa Marin Lopez" <rafa@dif.um.es>
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Hi Rafa,

In the example below neither elements E1 E2 E3 had to be an EAP Peer.=20

One real case for this is Proxy Mobile IP. The AMSK or the keys derived
from the AMSK go to the Proxy Mobile IP client which is not the EAP
Peer.

If you need more explanation on PMIP let me know.

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Rafa Marin Lopez [mailto:rafa@dif.um.es]=20
> Sent: Monday, March 13, 2006 4:39 PM
> To: Avi Lior
> Cc: Jari Arkko; eap@frascone.com
> Subject: Re: [eap] Strawman -10/EMSK deletion requirement?
>=20
> Hi Avi,
>=20
> please see my comments inline
>=20
> Avi Lior wrote:
>=20
> >Hi Rafa,
> >
> >You raise a good point in the following:=20
> >
> > =20
> >
> >>I have seen during discussions and also under my understanding of=20
> >>draft-aboba-eap-keying-extns-00.txt that either 1) AMSK would be=20
> >>tranported from AAA server to some entity or 2) AMSK could=20
> be used as=20
> >>a root and cached by the AAA server to derive new keys=20
> which would be=20
> >>eventually transported to different entities.
> >>
> >>will that decision between both cases be specified for=20
> application? or=20
> >>would it be better to select one approach (it seems people=20
> like second=20
> >>one)?
> >>   =20
> >>
> >
> >I have recently seen the need for both models.  IMO keeping=20
> the AMSK at=20
> >the AAA and EAP Peer and only transporting derived keys to external=20
> >entities makes a lot of sense but consider the following:
> >
> >Supposing I have an two entities E1 and E2 that received DE-KEY(s)=20
> >derived from E-AMSK.  DE-KEY(s) are used to secure the communication=20
> >between E1 and E2.
> > =20
> >
> What entity is the EAP peer? At least one of the entities=20
> should be the EAP peer no?.
>=20
> or are you calling "entity" to EAP lower layer in the EAP peer??
>=20
> >Now E2 wants to delegate responsibility of communicate with E1 to E3=20
> >which it trusts.  E2 can pass the DE-KEY(s) to E3 but it would be=20
> >better to derive another set of keys for that communication.
> > =20
> >
> Yes, I would prefer to see E2 derives keys for the=20
> communication between
> E1 and E3
>=20
> >As I understand it, E2 and E1 cannot derive DE-KEY'(s) from=20
> DE-KEY(s)=20
> >-- since DE-KEY(s) are used for one purpose already and=20
> using them for=20
> >another purpose (key derivation) will make them weak.
> >
> I am not sure about this. Why will it make them weak? I mean=20
> it looks like the definition of key hierarchy. It the key=20
> hierarchy and role of participating entities are well=20
> defined...  why is it weaker?
>=20
> > So in this case
> >the only way to achieve this tranasaction is to involve AAA again. =20
> >This could be very expensive.
> >
> >Another approach is to send E1 and E2 E-AMSK so that they=20
> can generate=20
> >subsequent keys to deal with this scenario.  Of course you=20
> could also=20
> >send E1 and E2 DE-KEY(S) to secure their communication and=20
> also another=20
> >key derived from E-AMSK for the purpose of generating new=20
> keys.  But is=20
> >that necessary?
> >
>=20
> >Why couldn't we just distribute E-AMSK.
> >
> between E1 and E2...?I am not really sure if i get your example :(.=20
> Could you provide a real scenario where this is happening?
>=20
>=20
> P.D: I think distributing AMSK is a possible alternative.=20
> However if in a future access, another AMSK is needed, AAA=20
> server should "request"=20
> another AMSK (derived from EMSK) to the EAP server. On the=20
> other hand, if AAA server already has a cached AMSK to=20
> generate more keys, use of EMSK is not needed (which might be=20
> an advantage if eventually it is decided EMSK needs to be=20
> removed). In the end, I think application should define its=20
> own key hierarchy from AMSK. In this way, an application=20
> could want to tranport AMSK derived from EMSK to=20
> authenticator and another ones may want to use that AMSK to=20
> create another keys to be sent to authenticators.
>=20
> --
> ------------------------------------------------------
> Rafael Marin Lopez
> Faculty of Computer Science-University of Murcia
> 30071 Murcia - Spain
> Telf: +34968367645    e-mail: rafa@dif.um.es
> ------------------------------------------------------
>=20
>=20
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Subject: RE: [eap] Strawman -10/EMSK deletion requirement?
Date: Tue, 14 Mar 2006 14:36:27 -0800
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I can work on some specific proposed text for this, however it is not
clear to me if this belongs in the current EAP keying document or an
EMSK specific document.  I'm not sure we resolved this.  I think it
probably belongs in its own document discussing EMSK guidelines and
usage.

Joe =20

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Jari Arkko [mailto:jari.arkko@piuha.net]=20
> Sent: Tuesday, March 14, 2006 3:12 AM
> To: eap@frascone.com
> Subject: Re: [eap] Strawman -10/EMSK deletion requirement?
>=20
> It seems that we have converged on this issue. Is there
> anyone who would like to suggest specific text changes?
>=20
>=20
> _________________________________________________________________
> To unsubscribe or modify your subscription options, please visit:
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>=20
> Arhives: http://lists.frascone.com/pipermail/eap
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Subject: RE: [eap] Strawman -10/EMSK deletion requirement?
Date: Tue, 14 Mar 2006 17:39:18 -0800
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From: "Narayanan, Vidya" <vidyan@qualcomm.com>
To: "Salowey, Joe" <jsalowey@cisco.com>,
	"Jari Arkko" <jari.arkko@piuha.net>, <eap@frascone.com>
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I would agree with Joe here that the actual text (to the extent we have
been discussing this) belongs in an EMSK specific document. However,
there are places in the EAP keying document that state "MUST NOT cache
keying materials..." - I wonder if those can be changed in accordance
with the consensus we have on the topic.=20

Also, what would be the home going forward for the EAP keying extensions
work?=20

Thanks,
Vidya=20

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Salowey, Joe [mailto:jsalowey@cisco.com]=20
> Sent: Tuesday, March 14, 2006 2:36 PM
> To: Jari Arkko; eap@frascone.com
> Subject: RE: [eap] Strawman -10/EMSK deletion requirement?
>=20
> I can work on some specific proposed text for this, however=20
> it is not clear to me if this belongs in the current EAP=20
> keying document or an EMSK specific document.  I'm not sure=20
> we resolved this.  I think it probably belongs in its own=20
> document discussing EMSK guidelines and usage.
>=20
> Joe =20
>=20
> > -----Original Message-----
> > From: Jari Arkko [mailto:jari.arkko@piuha.net]
> > Sent: Tuesday, March 14, 2006 3:12 AM
> > To: eap@frascone.com
> > Subject: Re: [eap] Strawman -10/EMSK deletion requirement?
> >=20
> > It seems that we have converged on this issue. Is there anyone who=20
> > would like to suggest specific text changes?
> >=20
> >=20
> > _________________________________________________________________
> > To unsubscribe or modify your subscription options, please visit:
> > http://lists.frascone.com/mailman/listinfo/eap
> >=20
> > Arhives: http://lists.frascone.com/pipermail/eap
> >=20
> _________________________________________________________________
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>=20
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----- Original Message -----=20
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Sent: Monday, March 13, 2006 10:34 PM
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<DIV style=3D"FONT: 10pt arial">----- Original Message -----=20
<DIV style=3D"BACKGROUND: #e4e4e4; font-color: black"><B>From:</B> <A=20
title=3DHolcomb Johnathan =
href=3D"mailto:csvehsbsms@unx.sas.com ">Holcomb Johnathan</A>=20
</DIV>
<DIV><B>To:</B> <A title=3Djudpenplzjc@burnsmcd.com=20
href=3D"mailto:judpenplzjc@burnsmcd.com">judpenplzjc@burnsmcd.com</A> </DIV>
<DIV><B>Sent:</B> Monday, March 13, 2006 10:34 PM</DIV>
<DIV><B>Subject:</B> eap-archive</DIV></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2></FONT><BR></DIV>
<DIV align=3Dcenter><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
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------=_NextPart_000_000D_01C647C8.7C64CD10--




From eap-bounces+eap-archive=lists.ietf.org@frascone.com Tue Mar 14 22:55:55 2006
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Message-ID: <44179034.9080608@dif.um.es>
Date: Tue, 14 Mar 2006 22:55:32 -0500
From: Rafa Marin Lopez <rafa@dif.um.es>
Organization: University of Murcia
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To: Jari Arkko <jari.arkko@piuha.net>
Subject: Re: [eap] Strawman -10/EMSK deletion requirement?
References: <E7CCE8A83907104ABEE91AC3AE3709A00385EB4B@exchange.bridgewatersys.com>	<441139F2.5050906@piuha.net>
	<4411A60C.9000602@dif.um.es>	<4414767A.3030301@piuha.net>
	<4415FBD6.2070000@dif.um.es> <4416A518.6010700@piuha.net>
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Jari Arkko wrote:

>It seems that we have converged on this issue. Is there
>anyone who would like to suggest specific text changes?
>  
>
Hi Jari

As I commented in a previous e-mail, I think this paragraph in section 
2.2 (page 14) should be relaxed if we consider EAP peer / EAP 
authenticator layer or EAP layer could be in charge of creating AMSK and 
also if we consider EMSK could be cached in those layers.

"The EAP peer and authenticator layers MUST NOT modify or cache keying
   material or parameters (including Channel Bindings) passing in either
   direction between the EAP method layer and the EAP layer.  The EAP
   layer also MUST NOT cache keying material or parameters (including
   Channel Bindings) passed to it, whether by the EAP peer/authenticator
layer, the lower layer or the AAA layer."

Additionally, that paragraph seems a bit contradictory with this in page 15.

"The EMSK is reserved for future use and MUST remain on the EAP
      peer and EAP server where it is derived; it MUST NOT be
      transported to, or shared with, additional parties, or used to
      derive any other keys.  (This restriction will be relaxed in a
      future document that specifies how the EMSK can be used.)"

Could we say ...

"The EMSK is reserved for future use and MUST remain on the EAP
      peer and EAP server where it is derived; it MUST NOT be
      transported to, or shared with, additional parties." ?


>
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-- 
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Rafael Marin Lopez
Faculty of Computer Science-University of Murcia
30071 Murcia - Spain
Telf: +34968367645    e-mail: rafa@dif.um.es
------------------------------------------------------

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To: "Salowey, Joe" <jsalowey@cisco.com>
Subject: Re: [eap] Strawman -10/EMSK deletion requirement?
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Salowey, Joe wrote:

>I can work on some specific proposed text for this, however it is not
>clear to me if this belongs in the current EAP keying document or an
>EMSK specific document.  I'm not sure we resolved this.  I think it
>probably belongs in its own document discussing EMSK guidelines and
>usage.
>  
>
I think having a EMSK guidelines and usage document might be useful.

Regards.

>Joe  
>
>  
>
>>-----Original Message-----
>>From: Jari Arkko [mailto:jari.arkko@piuha.net] 
>>Sent: Tuesday, March 14, 2006 3:12 AM
>>To: eap@frascone.com
>>Subject: Re: [eap] Strawman -10/EMSK deletion requirement?
>>
>>It seems that we have converged on this issue. Is there
>>anyone who would like to suggest specific text changes?
>>
>>
>>_________________________________________________________________
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>  
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-- 
------------------------------------------------------
Rafael Marin Lopez
Faculty of Computer Science-University of Murcia
30071 Murcia - Spain
Telf: +34968367645    e-mail: rafa@dif.um.es
------------------------------------------------------

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Hi eap-archive@ietf.org,

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Who lived in a shoe..
And Dollie -- gone!.
Yet shining like the sun with love's true light.=20.
Look ever upward at the sun and the stars.=20.
Now, through my children, young and free,=20.

TTYL,

Theresa Hogan



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Rafa Marin Lopez said:

"Could we say ...


   The EMSK is reserved for future use and MUST remain on the EAP
     peer and EAP server where it is derived; it MUST NOT be
     transported to, or shared with, additional parties. ?"

I think you also need to state that the EMSK MUST NOT be used directly (such 
as to encrypt data).


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Narayanan, Vidya said:

"I am surprised that you are willing to accept (a) :) Given how many
legacy methods are still in use, I'd strongly vote for (b) here. It is
impractical to make changes to methods to accommodate the use of
EMSK/AMSK. As you point out, what we pick here may depend on whether we
pick (1) or (2) below - and (1) makes much more sense to me for reasons
stated below".

I agree with this.  Changing EAP methods to negotiate KDFs would in practice
be very difficult -- even if the industry were willing to do the upgrades
(which they probably wouldn't be).  In practice, TLS (on which many methods
are based) does not support KDF negotiation for its own use, let alone
negotiation of KDFs to be used to generate AMSKs.  Attempting to convince
the TLS WG to add support for cryptographic negotiation for ancillary
purposes would be an uphill battle that seems unlikely to succeed.

Jari said:

"Based on this my current preference is (1). But its a close call."

I've just re-read RFC 4137, and it seems to me that choice 2 is fairly
well ingrained in that document.

RFC 4137 describes the state machine interface between EAP and lower layers. 
  This includes the
transfer of keys from the EAP layer to the lower layer, via the eapKeyData 
structure.
Various functions are defined that provide support for this structure for 
use in EAP key management.
This includes eapKeyData (EAP key) (set during METHOD state),  
eapKeyAvailable (boolean),
and m.getKey(), the method procedure used to obtain keying material for the 
lower layer.
Therefore RFC 4137 provides the structures, state machine and functions for 
transference of
EAP keying material and parameters from the EAP method to the lower layer.

The state machines described in RFC 4137 make no distinctions relating to 
availability of
individual elements.  The keying material is provided as a unit (the EAP Key 
structure) to the lower
layer, and the state machine transitions reflect this.  There is no notion 
of "partial
completion" with respect to key transfer, and in fact this is not possible.  
In RFC 4137,
the key structure is available, or it isn't.  eapKeyAvailable is defined as 
a boolean, and
therefore if the keys are only partially available, then all variables and 
functions which
depend on this variable become undefined.

So from what I can tell, RFC 4137 requires that all keying parameters be 
transferred as
a unit.  This assumption permeates the entire document, as well as lower 
layer standards
that are based on it.

Given this, I wonder whether the horse hasn't already left the barn.


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Jari Arkko said:

(2) In the lower-layer based EMSK processing approach, the
EMSK is delivered to the authenticator along with the MSK.
KDF is selected either (a) by a default in EAP plus optional
negotiation in methods, choice is communicated to the
lower layer via AAA or (b) by lower layer negotiation alone.
The lower layer is responsible for all use of the AMSKs
in a local context. That is, no AAA key requests are needed
or possible."

RFC 3748 is fairly clear that transport of the EMSK is not allowed.  From 
Section 1.2:

      The EMSK is not shared with the authenticator or any other third 
party.

With respect to the handling of keys within EAP as well as AAA, RFC 4137 
defines separate variables for the key structure within the EAP peer & 
server (eapKeyData) and on the authenticator in the passthrough case 
(aaaEapKeyData).   So as far as I can tell, providing the EMSK to the lower 
layer on the EAP peer and server does not necessarily imply that it is 
transported via AAA to the authenticator.


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Hi Bernard,


>=20
> Narayanan, Vidya said:
>=20
> "I am surprised that you are willing to accept (a) :) Given=20
> how many legacy methods are still in use, I'd strongly vote=20
> for (b) here. It is impractical to make changes to methods to=20
> accommodate the use of EMSK/AMSK. As you point out, what we=20
> pick here may depend on whether we pick (1) or (2) below -=20
> and (1) makes much more sense to me for reasons stated below".
>=20
> I agree with this.  Changing EAP methods to negotiate KDFs=20
> would in practice be very difficult -- even if the industry=20
> were willing to do the upgrades (which they probably wouldn't=20
> be).  In practice, TLS (on which many methods are based) does=20
> not support KDF negotiation for its own use, let alone=20
> negotiation of KDFs to be used to generate AMSKs.  Attempting=20
> to convince the TLS WG to add support for cryptographic=20
> negotiation for ancillary purposes would be an uphill battle=20
> that seems unlikely to succeed.
>=20
> Jari said:
>=20
> "Based on this my current preference is (1). But its a close call."
>=20
> I've just re-read RFC 4137, and it seems to me that choice 2=20
> is fairly well ingrained in that document.
>=20
> RFC 4137 describes the state machine interface between EAP=20
> and lower layers.=20
>   This includes the
> transfer of keys from the EAP layer to the lower layer, via=20
> the eapKeyData structure.
> Various functions are defined that provide support for this=20
> structure for use in EAP key management.
> This includes eapKeyData (EAP key) (set during METHOD state),=20
> eapKeyAvailable (boolean), and m.getKey(), the method=20
> procedure used to obtain keying material for the lower layer.
> Therefore RFC 4137 provides the structures, state machine and=20
> functions for transference of EAP keying material and=20
> parameters from the EAP method to the lower layer.
>=20
> The state machines described in RFC 4137 make no distinctions=20
> relating to availability of individual elements.  The keying=20
> material is provided as a unit (the EAP Key
> structure) to the lower
> layer, and the state machine transitions reflect this.  There=20
> is no notion of "partial completion" with respect to key=20
> transfer, and in fact this is not possible. =20
> In RFC 4137,
> the key structure is available, or it isn't.  eapKeyAvailable=20
> is defined as a boolean, and therefore if the keys are only=20
> partially available, then all variables and functions which=20
> depend on this variable become undefined.
>=20
> So from what I can tell, RFC 4137 requires that all keying=20
> parameters be transferred as a unit.  This assumption=20
> permeates the entire document, as well as lower layer=20
> standards that are based on it.
>=20
> Given this, I wonder whether the horse hasn't already left the barn.
>=20

Are you saying then that in accordance with 4137, the EMSK will also be
delivered to the AAA layer on the EAP server?=20

Regards,
Vidya=20
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Thread-Topic: [eap] Re: m.getKey() and RFC 4137
Thread-Index: AcZJfIbYyN8EZq5SSfSagwf3w8JIOQAdimOQ
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=20

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Bernard Aboba [mailto:bernard_aboba@hotmail.com]=20
> Sent: Thursday, March 16, 2006 8:30 PM
> To: eap@frascone.com
> Subject: [eap] Re: m.getKey() and RFC 4137
>=20
> Narayanan, Vidya said:
>=20
> "I am surprised that you are willing to accept (a) :) Given how many
> legacy methods are still in use, I'd strongly vote for (b) here. It is
> impractical to make changes to methods to accommodate the use of
> EMSK/AMSK. As you point out, what we pick here may depend on=20
> whether we
> pick (1) or (2) below - and (1) makes much more sense to me=20
> for reasons
> stated below".
>=20
> I agree with this.  Changing EAP methods to negotiate KDFs=20
> would in practice
> be very difficult -- even if the industry were willing to do=20
> the upgrades
> (which they probably wouldn't be).  In practice, TLS (on=20
> which many methods
> are based) does not support KDF negotiation for its own use, let alone
> negotiation of KDFs to be used to generate AMSKs.  Attempting=20
> to convince
> the TLS WG to add support for cryptographic negotiation for ancillary
> purposes would be an uphill battle that seems unlikely to succeed.
>=20

[Joe] If anything, this statement argues for the method to define the
KDF based on the cryptographic operations it supports.  =20


> Jari said:
>=20
> "Based on this my current preference is (1). But its a close call."
>=20
> I've just re-read RFC 4137, and it seems to me that choice 2 is fairly
> well ingrained in that document.
<snip>

>=20
> Given this, I wonder whether the horse hasn't already left the barn.
>=20
[Joe] RFC 4137 did not consider the usage of the EMSK, therefore I don't
think the horse was ever in that barn. =20

>=20
> _________________________________________________________________
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Subject: RE: [eap] Re: m.getKey() and RFC 4137
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> So from what I can tell, RFC 4137 requires that all keying 
> parameters be transferred as a unit.  This assumption 
> permeates the entire document, as well as lower layer 
> standards that are based on it.
> 
> Given this, I wonder whether the horse hasn't already left the barn.
> 

Vidya said:

"Are you saying then that in accordance with 4137, the EMSK will also be
delivered to the AAA layer on the EAP server? "

That's how I read it, yes.  The keying material and parameters are passed
via the eapKeyData structure to the lower layer (which would be the AAA
layer on the EAP server when in passthrough mode), via the m.getKey()
function.  The AAA layer then fills in the aaaEapKeyData structure and
passes this to the authenticator.  While both eapKeyData and aaaEapKeyData
are of type "EAP Key" there doesn't appear to be a presumption that they are
the same.  So the AAA layer could receive the EMSK, but not pass it to the
authenticator.   
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To: "Narayanan, Vidya" <vidyan@qualcomm.com>
Subject: Re: [eap] About use of EMSK
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Vidya, Jari,

>Given how many
>egacy methods are still in use, I'd strongly vote for (b) here. It is
>mpractical to make changes to methods to accommodate the use of
>EMSK/AMSK.

I strongly agree with Vidya here. The usage of EAP keys by
existing methods, such as EAP-TLS which are widely used, particularly in
802.11 systems should be described and accommodated in the document.
It is impractical and extremely undesirable to make these existing methods
non-compliant with the framework document.

My understanding was that the keying framework document would largely
describe EAP keying usage as implemented today,
while specification of EMSK and AMSK usage would be in a separate document,
such as an EAP key extensions document. Why is this changing,
particularly in WGLC?

Thanks,

Dorothy Stanley

On 3/6/06, Narayanan, Vidya <vidyan@qualcomm.com> wrote:
>
> Hi Jari,
> Thanks for the much needed analysis on this topic. Please see some
> comments below.
>
> >
> >
> > Here's some analysis of the server vs. lower-layer based EMSK
> > processing approaches.
> >
> > (1) In the server based approach we keep the EMSK in the
> > server (perhaps just for a moment) and generate the AMSKs,
> > which are given to the the different applications, such as
> > fast handoff mechanisms.
> > The use of these applications goes via AAA, e.g., some kind
> > of key requests or fast re-auth requests can be sent from
> > NASes to the server. The AMSKs are derived using a KDF which
> > is decided either (a) by a default plus optional negotiation
> > in methods or (b) by lower layer negotiation and having AAA
> > tell the server which KDF to use.
> >
> > (2) In the lower-layer based EMSK processing approach, the
> > EMSK is delivered to the authenticator along with the MSK.
> > KDF is selected either (a) by a default in EAP plus optional
> > negotiation in methods, choice is communicated to the lower
> > layer via AAA or (b) by lower layer negotiation alone.
> > The lower layer is responsible for all use of the AMSKs in a
> > local context. That is, no AAA key requests are needed or possible.
> >
> > Discussion about the chosen approach for EMSK use has so far
> > appeared to assume 1a vs. 2b. Based on the above, it seems
> > that the KDF negotiation may be a separate issue from who
> > maintains the EMSK and calculates AMSKs.
> > In the following I'll try to analyze these issues.
> >
> > The KDF negotiation is indeed problematic almost no matter
> > what we do. Requiring new funtionality in methods is in
> > practice often a non-starter; while we can develop new
> > methods and update old ones, it is expected that most of
> > current usage will continue to use the existing methods.
> > Having a default does not help much either, if the default
> > becomes broken in the near future.
> > But requiring new functionality in link layers it not always
> > easy either. It would be easy when we are developing a new
> > link layer and including some EMSK usage as a part of that.
> > But if we were to use EMSK for some new function over 802.11,
> > for instance, would there be enough incentive to extend
> > 802.11 just to make this possible?
> >
> > The choices and their implications are:
> >
> >   (a) Specified default, optional negotiation in EAP methods.
> >
> >        This implies an interface either from methods to the
> > AAA/EAP server
> >        code (for solution 1) or AAA protocol extensions for
> > solution 2.
> >
> >        Changes in peers, servers, methods, possibly AAA protocols.
> >
> >   (b) Lower layer negotiation.
> >
> >        If used together with solution 1, implies AAA protocol
> > extensions
> >        to communicate the KDF. If used with solution 2, implies AAA
> >        protocol extensions to carry the EMSK.
> >
> >        Changes in lower layers, AAA protocol. No changes in
> > EAP or methods.
> >
> > Based on this my current preference is (b). I'd be willing to
> > accept (a), too.
> >
>
> I am surprised that you are willing to accept (a) :) Given how many
> legacy methods are still in use, I'd strongly vote for (b) here. It is
> impractical to make changes to methods to accommodate the use of
> EMSK/AMSK. As you point out, what we pick here may depend on whether we
> pick (1) or (2) below - and (1) makes much more sense to me for reasons
> stated below.
>
>
> > The choice between server or lower-layer based EMSK
> > processing depends on security implications and ease of use
> > for different purposes.
> > The choices are:
> >
> >   (1) Derive AMSKs at the EAP/AAA server.
> >
> >        Implies a AAA protocol extension to retrieve AMSKs.
> >
> >        Changes at the EAP/AAA server, authenticator. New, stateful
> >        nature of the EAP/AAA server.
> >
> >   (2) Derive AMSKs at the lower layer.
> >
> >        Implies a AAA protocol extension to carry EMSK to the
> >        authenticator.
> >
> >        Small changes at the EAP/AAA server, main functionality in
> >        the authenticator.
> >
> >        Hard to see how other nodes than the authenticator would
> >        actually use the AMSKs. Traditionally, NAS -> NAS communication
> >        has not been easy compared to NAS -> AAA communication.
> >
> > Based on this my current preference is (1). But its a close call.
>
> I agree that (1) makes more sense. In many cases, the AMSKs are slated
> for use to bootstrap protocols such as Mobile IP (actually, that seems
> to the most pressing practical need so far). So, if the EAP
> authenticator were to derive the AMSK, I can't envision an interface
> between, say a Mobile IP HA and an EAP authenticator to transport the
> AMSK. One can imagine a solution here, but this certainly complicates
> the model a whole lot more. It makes much more sense to me to have this
> in the EAP server so that the use of AMSKs could be more
> straightforward.
>
> Also, it makes complete sense that an EAP-based means of bootstrapping
> other protocols such as Mobile IP are only used in AAA-based systems.
> So, having an SA between an arbitrary entity X (such as a MIP HA) and
> the AAA server for transport of keys makes sense (and this is a model
> that exists today). I don't see how (2) would be an option for the same
> case. I don't see a use for AMSKs (at least not yet) for the EAP
> authenticator itself.
>
> If we took Mobile IP as an example, one could envision the peer seeking
> MIP bootstrapping as part of the EAP authentication, in reaction to
> which the EAP server may derive an AMSK. Whether this AMSK gets sent to
> the HA right away or gets cached in the EAP server (actually AAA server)
> until the HA asks for it is a separate question that needs to be
> answered. But, you already noted potential new stateful nature of the
> EAP/AAA server in (1) above - so, that would take care of the needs
> here.
>
> Vidya
> _________________________________________________________________
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<div>Vidya, Jari,</div>
<div>&nbsp;</div>
<div>&gt;Given how many<br>&gt;egacy methods are still in use, I'd strongly=
 vote for (b) here. It is<br>&gt;mpractical to make changes to methods to a=
ccommodate the use of<br>&gt;EMSK/AMSK.<br>&nbsp;</div>
<div>I strongly agree with Vidya here. The usage of EAP keys by</div>
<div>existing methods, such as EAP-TLS which are widely used, particularly =
in 802.11 systems&nbsp;should be described and&nbsp;accommodated in the doc=
ument.</div>
<div>It is impractical and extremely undesirable to make these existing met=
hods non-compliant with the framework document.</div>
<div>&nbsp;</div>
<div>My understanding was that the keying framework document would largely =
describe EAP keying usage as implemented today,</div>
<div>while specification of EMSK and AMSK usage&nbsp;would be in a separate=
 document, such as an&nbsp;EAP key extensions document. Why is this changin=
g, </div>
<div>particularly in WGLC?</div>
<div>&nbsp;</div>
<div>Thanks,</div>
<div>&nbsp;</div>
<div>Dorothy Stanley</div>
<div>&nbsp;</div>
<div><span class=3D"gmail_quote">On 3/6/06, <b class=3D"gmail_sendername">N=
arayanan, Vidya</b> &lt;<a href=3D"mailto:vidyan@qualcomm.com">vidyan@qualc=
omm.com</a>&gt; wrote:</span>
<blockquote class=3D"gmail_quote" style=3D"PADDING-LEFT: 1ex; MARGIN: 0px 0=
px 0px 0.8ex; BORDER-LEFT: #ccc 1px solid">Hi Jari,<br>Thanks for the much =
needed analysis on this topic. Please see some<br>comments below.<br><br>&g=
t;
<br>&gt;<br>&gt; Here's some analysis of the server vs. lower-layer based E=
MSK<br>&gt; processing approaches.<br>&gt;<br>&gt; (1) In the server based =
approach we keep the EMSK in the<br>&gt; server (perhaps just for a moment)=
 and generate the AMSKs,
<br>&gt; which are given to the the different applications, such as<br>&gt;=
 fast handoff mechanisms.<br>&gt; The use of these applications goes via AA=
A, e.g., some kind<br>&gt; of key requests or fast re-auth requests can be =
sent from
<br>&gt; NASes to the server. The AMSKs are derived using a KDF which<br>&g=
t; is decided either (a) by a default plus optional negotiation<br>&gt; in =
methods or (b) by lower layer negotiation and having AAA<br>&gt; tell the s=
erver which KDF to use.
<br>&gt;<br>&gt; (2) In the lower-layer based EMSK processing approach, the=
<br>&gt; EMSK is delivered to the authenticator along with the MSK.<br>&gt;=
 KDF is selected either (a) by a default in EAP plus optional<br>&gt; negot=
iation in methods, choice is communicated to the lower
<br>&gt; layer via AAA or (b) by lower layer negotiation alone.<br>&gt; The=
 lower layer is responsible for all use of the AMSKs in a<br>&gt; local con=
text. That is, no AAA key requests are needed or possible.<br>&gt;<br>&gt; =
Discussion about the chosen approach for EMSK use has so far
<br>&gt; appeared to assume 1a vs. 2b. Based on the above, it seems<br>&gt;=
 that the KDF negotiation may be a separate issue from who<br>&gt; maintain=
s the EMSK and calculates AMSKs.<br>&gt; In the following I'll try to analy=
ze these issues.
<br>&gt;<br>&gt; The KDF negotiation is indeed problematic almost no matter=
<br>&gt; what we do. Requiring new funtionality in methods is in<br>&gt; pr=
actice often a non-starter; while we can develop new<br>&gt; methods and up=
date old ones, it is expected that most of
<br>&gt; current usage will continue to use the existing methods.<br>&gt; H=
aving a default does not help much either, if the default<br>&gt; becomes b=
roken in the near future.<br>&gt; But requiring new functionality in link l=
ayers it not always
<br>&gt; easy either. It would be easy when we are developing a new<br>&gt;=
 link layer and including some EMSK usage as a part of that.<br>&gt; But if=
 we were to use EMSK for some new function over 802.11,<br>&gt; for instanc=
e, would there be enough incentive to extend
<br>&gt; 802.11 just to make this possible?<br>&gt;<br>&gt; The choices and=
 their implications are:<br>&gt;<br>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp; (a) Specified default,=
 optional negotiation in EAP methods.<br>&gt;<br>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbs=
p;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;This implies an interface either from methods to =
the
<br>&gt; AAA/EAP server<br>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;code (for solution 1) or AAA protocol extensions for<br>&gt; solution 2=
.<br>&gt;<br>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Changes in=
 peers, servers, methods, possibly AAA protocols.<br>&gt;<br>&gt;&nbsp;&nbs=
p; (b) Lower layer negotiation.
<br>&gt;<br>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;If used tog=
ether with solution 1, implies AAA protocol<br>&gt; extensions<br>&gt;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to communicate the KDF. If used =
with solution 2, implies AAA<br>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nb=
sp;&nbsp;protocol extensions to carry the EMSK.
<br>&gt;<br>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Changes in =
lower layers, AAA protocol. No changes in<br>&gt; EAP or methods.<br>&gt;<b=
r>&gt; Based on this my current preference is (b). I'd be willing to<br>&gt=
; accept (a), too.<br>&gt;<br><br>I am surprised that you are willing to ac=
cept (a) :) Given how many
<br>legacy methods are still in use, I'd strongly vote for (b) here. It is<=
br>impractical to make changes to methods to accommodate the use of<br>EMSK=
/AMSK. As you point out, what we pick here may depend on whether we<br>
pick (1) or (2) below - and (1) makes much more sense to me for reasons<br>=
stated below.<br><br><br>&gt; The choice between server or lower-layer base=
d EMSK<br>&gt; processing depends on security implications and ease of use
<br>&gt; for different purposes.<br>&gt; The choices are:<br>&gt;<br>&gt;&n=
bsp;&nbsp; (1) Derive AMSKs at the EAP/AAA server.<br>&gt;<br>&gt;&nbsp;&nb=
sp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Implies a AAA protocol extension to =
retrieve AMSKs.<br>&gt;<br>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;Changes at the EAP/AAA server, authenticator. New, stateful
<br>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;nature of the EAP/A=
AA server.<br>&gt;<br>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp; (2) Derive AMSKs at the lower layer.=
<br>&gt;<br>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Implies a A=
AA protocol extension to carry EMSK to the<br>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&=
nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;authenticator.<br>&gt;<br>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbs=
p;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Small changes at the EAP/AAA server, main functio=
nality in
<br>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the authenticator.<=
br>&gt;<br>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Hard to see =
how other nodes than the authenticator would<br>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;actually use the AMSKs. Traditionally, NAS -&gt; N=
AS communication<br>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;has=
 not been easy compared to NAS -&gt; AAA communication.
<br>&gt;<br>&gt; Based on this my current preference is (1). But its a clos=
e call.<br><br>I agree that (1) makes more sense. In many cases, the AMSKs =
are slated<br>for use to bootstrap protocols such as Mobile IP (actually, t=
hat seems
<br>to the most pressing practical need so far). So, if the EAP<br>authenti=
cator were to derive the AMSK, I can't envision an interface<br>between, sa=
y a Mobile IP HA and an EAP authenticator to transport the<br>AMSK. One can=
 imagine a solution here, but this certainly complicates
<br>the model a whole lot more. It makes much more sense to me to have this=
<br>in the EAP server so that the use of AMSKs could be more<br>straightfor=
ward.<br><br>Also, it makes complete sense that an EAP-based means of boots=
trapping
<br>other protocols such as Mobile IP are only used in AAA-based systems.<b=
r>So, having an SA between an arbitrary entity X (such as a MIP HA) and<br>=
the AAA server for transport of keys makes sense (and this is a model<br>
that exists today). I don't see how (2) would be an option for the same<br>=
case. I don't see a use for AMSKs (at least not yet) for the EAP<br>authent=
icator itself.<br><br>If we took Mobile IP as an example, one could envisio=
n the peer seeking
<br>MIP bootstrapping as part of the EAP authentication, in reaction to<br>=
which the EAP server may derive an AMSK. Whether this AMSK gets sent to<br>=
the HA right away or gets cached in the EAP server (actually AAA server)
<br>until the HA asks for it is a separate question that needs to be<br>ans=
wered. But, you already noted potential new stateful nature of the<br>EAP/A=
AA server in (1) above - so, that would take care of the needs<br>here.
<br><br>Vidya<br>__________________________________________________________=
_______<br>To unsubscribe or modify your subscription options, please visit=
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tp://lists.frascone.com/pipermail/eap</a><br></blockquote></div><br>

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From: Yoshihiro Ohba <yohba@tari.toshiba.com>
Subject: Re: [eap] About use of EMSK
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One thing we might discuss is whether (a) and (b) provide the same
level of security or not.  Since (b) is not end-to-end, negotiation
bidding down attack may be possible by passthrough authenticator.

Yoshihiro Ohba


On Mon, Mar 06, 2006 at 11:36:24AM +0200, Jari Arkko wrote:
> 
> Here's some analysis of the server vs. lower-layer based
> EMSK processing approaches.
> 
> (1) In the server based approach we keep the
> EMSK in the server (perhaps just for a moment)
> and generate the AMSKs, which are given to the the
> different applications, such as fast handoff mechanisms.
> The use of these applications goes via AAA, e.g., some kind
> of key requests or fast re-auth requests can be sent from
> NASes to the server. The AMSKs are derived using a KDF
> which is decided either (a) by a default plus optional negotiation
> in methods or (b) by lower layer negotiation and having AAA
> tell the server which KDF to use.
> 
> (2) In the lower-layer based EMSK processing approach, the
> EMSK is delivered to the authenticator along with the MSK.
> KDF is selected either (a) by a default in EAP plus optional
> negotiation in methods, choice is communicated to the
> lower layer via AAA or (b) by lower layer negotiation alone.
> The lower layer is responsible for all use of the AMSKs
> in a local context. That is, no AAA key requests are needed
> or possible.
> 
> Discussion about the chosen approach for EMSK use has
> so far appeared to assume 1a vs. 2b. Based on the above,
> it seems that the KDF negotiation may be a separate
> issue from who maintains the EMSK and calculates AMSKs.
> In the following I'll try to analyze these issues.
> 
> The KDF negotiation is indeed problematic almost no
> matter what we do. Requiring new funtionality in methods
> is in practice often a non-starter; while we can develop
> new methods and update old ones, it is expected that
> most of current usage will continue to use the existing
> methods. Having a default does not help much either,
> if the default becomes broken in the near future.
> But requiring new functionality in link layers it not
> always easy either. It would be easy when we are developing
> a new link layer and including some EMSK usage as a part
> of that. But if we were to use EMSK for some new function
> over 802.11, for instance, would there be enough incentive
> to extend 802.11 just to make this possible?
> 
> The choices and their implications are:
> 
>  (a) Specified default, optional negotiation in EAP methods.
> 
>       This implies an interface either from methods to the AAA/EAP server
>       code (for solution 1) or AAA protocol extensions for solution 2.
> 
>       Changes in peers, servers, methods, possibly AAA protocols.
> 
>  (b) Lower layer negotiation.
> 
>       If used together with solution 1, implies AAA protocol extensions
>       to communicate the KDF. If used with solution 2, implies AAA
>       protocol extensions to carry the EMSK.
>      
>       Changes in lower layers, AAA protocol. No changes in EAP or methods.
> 
> Based on this my current preference is (b). I'd be willing
> to accept (a), too.
> 
> The choice between server or lower-layer based EMSK processing
> depends on security implications and ease of use for different purposes.
> The choices are:
> 
>  (1) Derive AMSKs at the EAP/AAA server.
> 
>       Implies a AAA protocol extension to retrieve AMSKs.
> 
>       Changes at the EAP/AAA server, authenticator. New, stateful
>       nature of the EAP/AAA server.
> 
>  (2) Derive AMSKs at the lower layer.
> 
>       Implies a AAA protocol extension to carry EMSK to the
>       authenticator.
> 
>       Small changes at the EAP/AAA server, main functionality in
>       the authenticator.
> 
>       Hard to see how other nodes than the authenticator would
>       actually use the AMSKs. Traditionally, NAS -> NAS communication
>       has not been easy compared to NAS -> AAA communication.
> 
> Based on this my current preference is (1). But its a close
> call.
> 
> --Jari
> 
> _________________________________________________________________
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Subject: RE: [eap] Re: m.getKey() and RFC 4137
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From: "Narayanan, Vidya" <vidyan@qualcomm.com>
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> >=20
>=20
> Vidya said:
>=20
> "Are you saying then that in accordance with 4137, the EMSK=20
> will also be delivered to the AAA layer on the EAP server? "
>=20
> That's how I read it, yes.  The keying material and=20
> parameters are passed via the eapKeyData structure to the=20
> lower layer (which would be the AAA layer on the EAP server=20
> when in passthrough mode), via the m.getKey() function.  The=20
> AAA layer then fills in the aaaEapKeyData structure and=20
> passes this to the authenticator.  While both eapKeyData and=20
> aaaEapKeyData are of type "EAP Key" there doesn't appear to=20
> be a presumption that they are the same.  So the AAA layer=20
> could receive the EMSK, but not pass it to the
> authenticator.  =20
>=20

I wonder if we are restricted in defining the behavior of the EMSK based
on a spec that did not consider EMSKs to begin with? It may be that we
would conclude it is okay to pass the EMSK to the AAA layer - but,
should we be constrained by 4137 though?=20

Vidya
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Subject: RE: [eap] About use of EMSK
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Thread-Topic: [eap] About use of EMSK
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From: "Narayanan, Vidya" <vidyan@qualcomm.com>
To: "Dorothy Stanley" <dstanley1389@gmail.com>
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Hi Dorothy,
I don't think the keying framework document would still discuss this. I
think there is consensus that the text about EMSK will be in a separate
document. The issue was discussed in the context of the EAP keying
framework, since there are parts of that document that specifically say
that the EMSK MUST NOT be transported and MUST be deleted - question is
whether we can change that wording and leave any other explanation on
EMSK usage or AMSK derivation to a future spec.=20
=20
Thanks,
Vidya


________________________________

	From: Dorothy Stanley [mailto:dstanley1389@gmail.com]=20
	Sent: Friday, March 17, 2006 12:11 PM
	To: Narayanan, Vidya
	Cc: Jari Arkko; Bernard Aboba; eap@frascone.com
	Subject: Re: [eap] About use of EMSK
=09
=09
	Vidya, Jari,
	=20
	>Given how many
	>egacy methods are still in use, I'd strongly vote for (b) here.
It is
	>mpractical to make changes to methods to accommodate the use of
	>EMSK/AMSK.
	=20
	I strongly agree with Vidya here. The usage of EAP keys by
	existing methods, such as EAP-TLS which are widely used,
particularly in 802.11 systems should be described and accommodated in
the document.
	It is impractical and extremely undesirable to make these
existing methods non-compliant with the framework document.
	=20
	My understanding was that the keying framework document would
largely describe EAP keying usage as implemented today,
	while specification of EMSK and AMSK usage would be in a
separate document, such as an EAP key extensions document. Why is this
changing,=20
	particularly in WGLC?
	=20
	Thanks,
	=20
	Dorothy Stanley
	=20
	On 3/6/06, Narayanan, Vidya <vidyan@qualcomm.com> wrote:=20

		Hi Jari,
		Thanks for the much needed analysis on this topic.
Please see some
		comments below.
	=09
		>=20
		>
		> Here's some analysis of the server vs. lower-layer
based EMSK
		> processing approaches.
		>
		> (1) In the server based approach we keep the EMSK in
the
		> server (perhaps just for a moment) and generate the
AMSKs,=20
		> which are given to the the different applications,
such as
		> fast handoff mechanisms.
		> The use of these applications goes via AAA, e.g., some
kind
		> of key requests or fast re-auth requests can be sent
from=20
		> NASes to the server. The AMSKs are derived using a KDF
which
		> is decided either (a) by a default plus optional
negotiation
		> in methods or (b) by lower layer negotiation and
having AAA
		> tell the server which KDF to use.=20
		>
		> (2) In the lower-layer based EMSK processing approach,
the
		> EMSK is delivered to the authenticator along with the
MSK.
		> KDF is selected either (a) by a default in EAP plus
optional
		> negotiation in methods, choice is communicated to the
lower=20
		> layer via AAA or (b) by lower layer negotiation alone.
		> The lower layer is responsible for all use of the
AMSKs in a
		> local context. That is, no AAA key requests are needed
or possible.
		>
		> Discussion about the chosen approach for EMSK use has
so far=20
		> appeared to assume 1a vs. 2b. Based on the above, it
seems
		> that the KDF negotiation may be a separate issue from
who
		> maintains the EMSK and calculates AMSKs.
		> In the following I'll try to analyze these issues.=20
		>
		> The KDF negotiation is indeed problematic almost no
matter
		> what we do. Requiring new funtionality in methods is
in
		> practice often a non-starter; while we can develop new
		> methods and update old ones, it is expected that most
of=20
		> current usage will continue to use the existing
methods.
		> Having a default does not help much either, if the
default
		> becomes broken in the near future.
		> But requiring new functionality in link layers it not
always=20
		> easy either. It would be easy when we are developing a
new
		> link layer and including some EMSK usage as a part of
that.
		> But if we were to use EMSK for some new function over
802.11,
		> for instance, would there be enough incentive to
extend=20
		> 802.11 just to make this possible?
		>
		> The choices and their implications are:
		>
		>   (a) Specified default, optional negotiation in EAP
methods.
		>
		>        This implies an interface either from methods
to the=20
		> AAA/EAP server
		>        code (for solution 1) or AAA protocol
extensions for
		> solution 2.
		>
		>        Changes in peers, servers, methods, possibly
AAA protocols.
		>
		>   (b) Lower layer negotiation.=20
		>
		>        If used together with solution 1, implies AAA
protocol
		> extensions
		>        to communicate the KDF. If used with solution
2, implies AAA
		>        protocol extensions to carry the EMSK.=20
		>
		>        Changes in lower layers, AAA protocol. No
changes in
		> EAP or methods.
		>
		> Based on this my current preference is (b). I'd be
willing to
		> accept (a), too.
		>
	=09
		I am surprised that you are willing to accept (a) :)
Given how many=20
		legacy methods are still in use, I'd strongly vote for
(b) here. It is
		impractical to make changes to methods to accommodate
the use of
		EMSK/AMSK. As you point out, what we pick here may
depend on whether we
		pick (1) or (2) below - and (1) makes much more sense to
me for reasons
		stated below.
	=09
	=09
		> The choice between server or lower-layer based EMSK
		> processing depends on security implications and ease
of use=20
		> for different purposes.
		> The choices are:
		>
		>   (1) Derive AMSKs at the EAP/AAA server.
		>
		>        Implies a AAA protocol extension to retrieve
AMSKs.
		>
		>        Changes at the EAP/AAA server, authenticator.
New, stateful=20
		>        nature of the EAP/AAA server.
		>
		>   (2) Derive AMSKs at the lower layer.
		>
		>        Implies a AAA protocol extension to carry EMSK
to the
		>        authenticator.
		>
		>        Small changes at the EAP/AAA server, main
functionality in=20
		>        the authenticator.
		>
		>        Hard to see how other nodes than the
authenticator would
		>        actually use the AMSKs. Traditionally, NAS ->
NAS communication
		>        has not been easy compared to NAS -> AAA
communication.=20
		>
		> Based on this my current preference is (1). But its a
close call.
	=09
		I agree that (1) makes more sense. In many cases, the
AMSKs are slated
		for use to bootstrap protocols such as Mobile IP
(actually, that seems=20
		to the most pressing practical need so far). So, if the
EAP
		authenticator were to derive the AMSK, I can't envision
an interface
		between, say a Mobile IP HA and an EAP authenticator to
transport the
		AMSK. One can imagine a solution here, but this
certainly complicates=20
		the model a whole lot more. It makes much more sense to
me to have this
		in the EAP server so that the use of AMSKs could be more
		straightforward.
	=09
		Also, it makes complete sense that an EAP-based means of
bootstrapping=20
		other protocols such as Mobile IP are only used in
AAA-based systems.
		So, having an SA between an arbitrary entity X (such as
a MIP HA) and
		the AAA server for transport of keys makes sense (and
this is a model
		that exists today). I don't see how (2) would be an
option for the same
		case. I don't see a use for AMSKs (at least not yet) for
the EAP
		authenticator itself.
	=09
		If we took Mobile IP as an example, one could envision
the peer seeking=20
		MIP bootstrapping as part of the EAP authentication, in
reaction to
		which the EAP server may derive an AMSK. Whether this
AMSK gets sent to
		the HA right away or gets cached in the EAP server
(actually AAA server)=20
		until the HA asks for it is a separate question that
needs to be
		answered. But, you already noted potential new stateful
nature of the
		EAP/AAA server in (1) above - so, that would take care
of the needs
		here.=20
	=09
		Vidya
=09
_________________________________________________________________
		To unsubscribe or modify your subscription options,
please visit:
		http://lists.frascone.com/mailman/listinfo/eap=20
	=09
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<BODY>
<DIV dir=3Dltr align=3Dleft><SPAN class=3D952355720-17032006><FONT =
face=3DArial=20
color=3D#0000ff size=3D2>Hi Dorothy,</FONT></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV dir=3Dltr align=3Dleft><SPAN class=3D952355720-17032006><FONT =
face=3DArial=20
color=3D#0000ff size=3D2>I don't think the keying framework document =
would still=20
discuss this. I think there is consensus that the text about EMSK will =
be in a=20
separate document. The issue was discussed in the context of the EAP =
keying=20
framework, since there are parts of that document that specifically say =
that the=20
EMSK MUST NOT be transported and MUST be deleted - question is whether =
we can=20
change that wording and leave any other explanation on EMSK usage or =
AMSK=20
derivation to a future spec. </FONT></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV dir=3Dltr align=3Dleft><SPAN class=3D952355720-17032006><FONT =
face=3DArial=20
color=3D#0000ff size=3D2></FONT></SPAN>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV dir=3Dltr align=3Dleft><SPAN class=3D952355720-17032006><FONT =
face=3DArial=20
color=3D#0000ff size=3D2>Thanks,</FONT></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV dir=3Dltr align=3Dleft><SPAN class=3D952355720-17032006><FONT =
face=3DArial=20
color=3D#0000ff size=3D2>Vidya</FONT></SPAN></DIV><BR>
<BLOCKQUOTE=20
style=3D"PADDING-LEFT: 5px; MARGIN-LEFT: 5px; BORDER-LEFT: #0000ff 2px =
solid; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px">
  <DIV class=3DOutlookMessageHeader lang=3Den-us dir=3Dltr align=3Dleft>
  <HR tabIndex=3D-1>
  <FONT face=3DTahoma size=3D2><B>From:</B> Dorothy Stanley=20
  [mailto:dstanley1389@gmail.com] <BR><B>Sent:</B> Friday, March 17, =
2006 12:11=20
  PM<BR><B>To:</B> Narayanan, Vidya<BR><B>Cc:</B> Jari Arkko; Bernard =
Aboba;=20
  eap@frascone.com<BR><B>Subject:</B> Re: [eap] About use of=20
  EMSK<BR></FONT><BR></DIV>
  <DIV></DIV>
  <DIV>Vidya, Jari,</DIV>
  <DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
  <DIV>&gt;Given how many<BR>&gt;egacy methods are still in use, I'd =
strongly=20
  vote for (b) here. It is<BR>&gt;mpractical to make changes to methods =
to=20
  accommodate the use of<BR>&gt;EMSK/AMSK.<BR>&nbsp;</DIV>
  <DIV>I strongly agree with Vidya here. The usage of EAP keys by</DIV>
  <DIV>existing methods, such as EAP-TLS which are widely used, =
particularly in=20
  802.11 systems&nbsp;should be described and&nbsp;accommodated in the=20
  document.</DIV>
  <DIV>It is impractical and extremely undesirable to make these =
existing=20
  methods non-compliant with the framework document.</DIV>
  <DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
  <DIV>My understanding was that the keying framework document would =
largely=20
  describe EAP keying usage as implemented today,</DIV>
  <DIV>while specification of EMSK and AMSK usage&nbsp;would be in a =
separate=20
  document, such as an&nbsp;EAP key extensions document. Why is this =
changing,=20
  </DIV>
  <DIV>particularly in WGLC?</DIV>
  <DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
  <DIV>Thanks,</DIV>
  <DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
  <DIV>Dorothy Stanley</DIV>
  <DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
  <DIV><SPAN class=3Dgmail_quote>On 3/6/06, <B =
class=3Dgmail_sendername>Narayanan,=20
  Vidya</B> &lt;<A =
href=3D"mailto:vidyan@qualcomm.com">vidyan@qualcomm.com</A>&gt;=20
  wrote:</SPAN>=20
  <BLOCKQUOTE class=3Dgmail_quote=20
  style=3D"PADDING-LEFT: 1ex; MARGIN: 0px 0px 0px 0.8ex; BORDER-LEFT: =
#ccc 1px solid">Hi=20
    Jari,<BR>Thanks for the much needed analysis on this topic. Please =
see=20
    some<BR>comments below.<BR><BR>&gt; <BR>&gt;<BR>&gt; Here's some =
analysis of=20
    the server vs. lower-layer based EMSK<BR>&gt; processing=20
    approaches.<BR>&gt;<BR>&gt; (1) In the server based approach we keep =
the=20
    EMSK in the<BR>&gt; server (perhaps just for a moment) and generate =
the=20
    AMSKs, <BR>&gt; which are given to the the different applications, =
such=20
    as<BR>&gt; fast handoff mechanisms.<BR>&gt; The use of these =
applications=20
    goes via AAA, e.g., some kind<BR>&gt; of key requests or fast =
re-auth=20
    requests can be sent from <BR>&gt; NASes to the server. The AMSKs =
are=20
    derived using a KDF which<BR>&gt; is decided either (a) by a default =
plus=20
    optional negotiation<BR>&gt; in methods or (b) by lower layer =
negotiation=20
    and having AAA<BR>&gt; tell the server which KDF to use. =
<BR>&gt;<BR>&gt;=20
    (2) In the lower-layer based EMSK processing approach, the<BR>&gt; =
EMSK is=20
    delivered to the authenticator along with the MSK.<BR>&gt; KDF is =
selected=20
    either (a) by a default in EAP plus optional<BR>&gt; negotiation in =
methods,=20
    choice is communicated to the lower <BR>&gt; layer via AAA or (b) by =
lower=20
    layer negotiation alone.<BR>&gt; The lower layer is responsible for =
all use=20
    of the AMSKs in a<BR>&gt; local context. That is, no AAA key =
requests are=20
    needed or possible.<BR>&gt;<BR>&gt; Discussion about the chosen =
approach for=20
    EMSK use has so far <BR>&gt; appeared to assume 1a vs. 2b. Based on =
the=20
    above, it seems<BR>&gt; that the KDF negotiation may be a separate =
issue=20
    from who<BR>&gt; maintains the EMSK and calculates AMSKs.<BR>&gt; In =
the=20
    following I'll try to analyze these issues. <BR>&gt;<BR>&gt; The KDF =

    negotiation is indeed problematic almost no matter<BR>&gt; what we =
do.=20
    Requiring new funtionality in methods is in<BR>&gt; practice often a =

    non-starter; while we can develop new<BR>&gt; methods and update old =
ones,=20
    it is expected that most of <BR>&gt; current usage will continue to =
use the=20
    existing methods.<BR>&gt; Having a default does not help much =
either, if the=20
    default<BR>&gt; becomes broken in the near future.<BR>&gt; But =
requiring new=20
    functionality in link layers it not always <BR>&gt; easy either. It =
would be=20
    easy when we are developing a new<BR>&gt; link layer and including =
some EMSK=20
    usage as a part of that.<BR>&gt; But if we were to use EMSK for some =
new=20
    function over 802.11,<BR>&gt; for instance, would there be enough =
incentive=20
    to extend <BR>&gt; 802.11 just to make this =
possible?<BR>&gt;<BR>&gt; The=20
    choices and their implications are:<BR>&gt;<BR>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp; (a)=20
    Specified default, optional negotiation in EAP=20
    =
methods.<BR>&gt;<BR>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;T=
his=20
    implies an interface either from methods to the <BR>&gt; AAA/EAP=20
    server<BR>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;code =
(for=20
    solution 1) or AAA protocol extensions for<BR>&gt; solution=20
    =
2.<BR>&gt;<BR>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Changes=
 in=20
    peers, servers, methods, possibly AAA =
protocols.<BR>&gt;<BR>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;=20
    (b) Lower layer negotiation.=20
    <BR>&gt;<BR>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;If =
used=20
    together with solution 1, implies AAA protocol<BR>&gt;=20
    extensions<BR>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to =

    communicate the KDF. If used with solution 2, implies=20
    AAA<BR>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;protocol=20
    extensions to carry the EMSK.=20
    =
<BR>&gt;<BR>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Changes =
in=20
    lower layers, AAA protocol. No changes in<BR>&gt; EAP or=20
    methods.<BR>&gt;<BR>&gt; Based on this my current preference is (b). =
I'd be=20
    willing to<BR>&gt; accept (a), too.<BR>&gt;<BR><BR>I am surprised =
that you=20
    are willing to accept (a) :) Given how many <BR>legacy methods are =
still in=20
    use, I'd strongly vote for (b) here. It is<BR>impractical to make =
changes to=20
    methods to accommodate the use of<BR>EMSK/AMSK. As you point out, =
what we=20
    pick here may depend on whether we<BR>pick (1) or (2) below - and =
(1) makes=20
    much more sense to me for reasons<BR>stated below.<BR><BR><BR>&gt; =
The=20
    choice between server or lower-layer based EMSK<BR>&gt; processing =
depends=20
    on security implications and ease of use <BR>&gt; for different=20
    purposes.<BR>&gt; The choices are:<BR>&gt;<BR>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp; (1) =
Derive=20
    AMSKs at the EAP/AAA=20
    =
server.<BR>&gt;<BR>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Im=
plies=20
    a AAA protocol extension to retrieve=20
    =
AMSKs.<BR>&gt;<BR>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Cha=
nges=20
    at the EAP/AAA server, authenticator. New, stateful=20
    <BR>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;nature of =
the=20
    EAP/AAA server.<BR>&gt;<BR>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp; (2) Derive AMSKs at the =
lower=20
    =
layer.<BR>&gt;<BR>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Imp=
lies=20
    a AAA protocol extension to carry EMSK to=20
    =
the<BR>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;authenticator.=
<BR>&gt;<BR>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Small=20
    changes at the EAP/AAA server, main functionality in=20
    <BR>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the=20
    =
authenticator.<BR>&gt;<BR>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&=
nbsp;Hard=20
    to see how other nodes than the authenticator=20
    =
would<BR>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;actually =
use=20
    the AMSKs. Traditionally, NAS -&gt; NAS=20
    =
communication<BR>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;has =
not=20
    been easy compared to NAS -&gt; AAA communication. <BR>&gt;<BR>&gt; =
Based on=20
    this my current preference is (1). But its a close call.<BR><BR>I =
agree that=20
    (1) makes more sense. In many cases, the AMSKs are slated<BR>for use =
to=20
    bootstrap protocols such as Mobile IP (actually, that seems <BR>to =
the most=20
    pressing practical need so far). So, if the EAP<BR>authenticator =
were to=20
    derive the AMSK, I can't envision an interface<BR>between, say a =
Mobile IP=20
    HA and an EAP authenticator to transport the<BR>AMSK. One can =
imagine a=20
    solution here, but this certainly complicates <BR>the model a whole =
lot=20
    more. It makes much more sense to me to have this<BR>in the EAP =
server so=20
    that the use of AMSKs could be more<BR>straightforward.<BR><BR>Also, =
it=20
    makes complete sense that an EAP-based means of bootstrapping =
<BR>other=20
    protocols such as Mobile IP are only used in AAA-based =
systems.<BR>So,=20
    having an SA between an arbitrary entity X (such as a MIP HA) =
and<BR>the AAA=20
    server for transport of keys makes sense (and this is a =
model<BR>that exists=20
    today). I don't see how (2) would be an option for the same<BR>case. =
I don't=20
    see a use for AMSKs (at least not yet) for the EAP<BR>authenticator=20
    itself.<BR><BR>If we took Mobile IP as an example, one could =
envision the=20
    peer seeking <BR>MIP bootstrapping as part of the EAP =
authentication, in=20
    reaction to<BR>which the EAP server may derive an AMSK. Whether this =
AMSK=20
    gets sent to<BR>the HA right away or gets cached in the EAP server =
(actually=20
    AAA server) <BR>until the HA asks for it is a separate question that =
needs=20
    to be<BR>answered. But, you already noted potential new stateful =
nature of=20
    the<BR>EAP/AAA server in (1) above - so, that would take care of the =

    needs<BR>here.=20
    =
<BR><BR>Vidya<BR>________________________________________________________=
_________<BR>To=20
    unsubscribe or modify your subscription options, please visit:<BR><A =

    =
href=3D"http://lists.frascone.com/mailman/listinfo/eap">http://lists.fras=
cone.com/mailman/listinfo/eap=20
    </A><BR><BR>Arhives: <A=20
    =
href=3D"http://lists.frascone.com/pipermail/eap">http://lists.frascone.co=
m/pipermail/eap</A><BR></BLOCKQUOTE></DIV><BR></BLOCKQUOTE></BODY></HTML>=


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From eap-bounces+eap-archive=lists.ietf.org@frascone.com Fri Mar 17 16:03:15 2006
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Subject: KDF Negotiation for AMSK derivation (was RE: [eap] About use of EMSK)
Date: Fri, 17 Mar 2006 13:02:55 -0800
Message-ID: <2EBB8025B6D1BA41B567DB32C1D8DB8435F96C@NAEX06.na.qualcomm.com>
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Thread-Topic: KDF Negotiation for AMSK derivation (was RE: [eap] About use of
	EMSK)
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From: "Narayanan, Vidya" <vidyan@qualcomm.com>
To: "Yoshihiro Ohba" <yohba@tari.toshiba.com>,
	"Jari Arkko" <jari.arkko@piuha.net>
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A higher level question here - why do we feel compelled to even allow
for KDF negotiation to derive an AMSK from the EMSK? It is a
yet-to-be-defined thing and the computation is only done by the EAP
server and peer - could we just not pick a KDF and mandate it?=20

Regards,
Vidya

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Yoshihiro Ohba [mailto:yohba@tari.toshiba.com]=20
> Sent: Friday, March 17, 2006 12:24 PM
> To: Jari Arkko
> Cc: eap@frascone.com; Bernard Aboba
> Subject: Re: [eap] About use of EMSK
>=20
> One thing we might discuss is whether (a) and (b) provide the=20
> same level of security or not.  Since (b) is not end-to-end,=20
> negotiation bidding down attack may be possible by=20
> passthrough authenticator.
>=20
> Yoshihiro Ohba
>=20
>=20
> On Mon, Mar 06, 2006 at 11:36:24AM +0200, Jari Arkko wrote:
> >=20
> > Here's some analysis of the server vs. lower-layer based EMSK=20
> > processing approaches.
> >=20
> > (1) In the server based approach we keep the EMSK in the server=20
> > (perhaps just for a moment) and generate the AMSKs, which=20
> are given to=20
> > the the different applications, such as fast handoff mechanisms.
> > The use of these applications goes via AAA, e.g., some kind of key=20
> > requests or fast re-auth requests can be sent from NASes to the=20
> > server. The AMSKs are derived using a KDF which is decided=20
> either (a)=20
> > by a default plus optional negotiation in methods or (b) by lower=20
> > layer negotiation and having AAA tell the server which KDF to use.
> >=20
> > (2) In the lower-layer based EMSK processing approach, the EMSK is=20
> > delivered to the authenticator along with the MSK.
> > KDF is selected either (a) by a default in EAP plus optional=20
> > negotiation in methods, choice is communicated to the lower=20
> layer via=20
> > AAA or (b) by lower layer negotiation alone.
> > The lower layer is responsible for all use of the AMSKs in a local=20
> > context. That is, no AAA key requests are needed or possible.
> >=20
> > Discussion about the chosen approach for EMSK use has so=20
> far appeared=20
> > to assume 1a vs. 2b. Based on the above, it seems that the KDF=20
> > negotiation may be a separate issue from who maintains the EMSK and=20
> > calculates AMSKs.
> > In the following I'll try to analyze these issues.
> >=20
> > The KDF negotiation is indeed problematic almost no matter=20
> what we do.=20
> > Requiring new funtionality in methods is in practice often a=20
> > non-starter; while we can develop new methods and update=20
> old ones, it=20
> > is expected that most of current usage will continue to use the=20
> > existing methods. Having a default does not help much=20
> either, if the=20
> > default becomes broken in the near future.
> > But requiring new functionality in link layers it not always easy=20
> > either. It would be easy when we are developing a new link=20
> layer and=20
> > including some EMSK usage as a part of that. But if we were to use=20
> > EMSK for some new function over 802.11, for instance, would=20
> there be=20
> > enough incentive to extend 802.11 just to make this possible?
> >=20
> > The choices and their implications are:
> >=20
> >  (a) Specified default, optional negotiation in EAP methods.
> >=20
> >       This implies an interface either from methods to the=20
> AAA/EAP server
> >       code (for solution 1) or AAA protocol extensions for=20
> solution 2.
> >=20
> >       Changes in peers, servers, methods, possibly AAA protocols.
> >=20
> >  (b) Lower layer negotiation.
> >=20
> >       If used together with solution 1, implies AAA=20
> protocol extensions
> >       to communicate the KDF. If used with solution 2, implies AAA
> >       protocol extensions to carry the EMSK.
> >     =20
> >       Changes in lower layers, AAA protocol. No changes in=20
> EAP or methods.
> >=20
> > Based on this my current preference is (b). I'd be willing=20
> to accept=20
> > (a), too.
> >=20
> > The choice between server or lower-layer based EMSK=20
> processing depends=20
> > on security implications and ease of use for different purposes.
> > The choices are:
> >=20
> >  (1) Derive AMSKs at the EAP/AAA server.
> >=20
> >       Implies a AAA protocol extension to retrieve AMSKs.
> >=20
> >       Changes at the EAP/AAA server, authenticator. New, stateful
> >       nature of the EAP/AAA server.
> >=20
> >  (2) Derive AMSKs at the lower layer.
> >=20
> >       Implies a AAA protocol extension to carry EMSK to the
> >       authenticator.
> >=20
> >       Small changes at the EAP/AAA server, main functionality in
> >       the authenticator.
> >=20
> >       Hard to see how other nodes than the authenticator would
> >       actually use the AMSKs. Traditionally, NAS -> NAS=20
> communication
> >       has not been easy compared to NAS -> AAA communication.
> >=20
> > Based on this my current preference is (1). But its a close call.
> >=20
> > --Jari
> >=20
> > _________________________________________________________________
> > To unsubscribe or modify your subscription options, please visit:
> > http://lists.frascone.com/mailman/listinfo/eap
> >=20
> > Arhives: http://lists.frascone.com/pipermail/eap
> >=20
> _________________________________________________________________
> To unsubscribe or modify your subscription options, please visit:
> http://lists.frascone.com/mailman/listinfo/eap
>=20
> Arhives: http://lists.frascone.com/pipermail/eap
>=20
_________________________________________________________________
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Date: Fri, 17 Mar 2006 16:39:21 -0500
From: Yoshihiro Ohba <yohba@tari.toshiba.com>
Subject: Re: KDF Negotiation for AMSK derivation (was RE: [eap] About use of
	EMSK)
In-reply-to: <2EBB8025B6D1BA41B567DB32C1D8DB8435F96C@NAEX06.na.qualcomm.com>
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Hi Vidya,

I am ok with either hardcoding a mandatory KDF in a specification or
allow for KDF negotiation.  But regardless of it, some negotiation
might be needed for Channel Binding if Channel Binding is an optional
functionality.  For MSK branch Channel Binding is optional, but I am
not sure whether Channel Binding is mandatory or optional for EMSK
branch.

Yoshihiro Ohba


On Fri, Mar 17, 2006 at 01:02:55PM -0800, Narayanan, Vidya wrote:
> A higher level question here - why do we feel compelled to even allow
> for KDF negotiation to derive an AMSK from the EMSK? It is a
> yet-to-be-defined thing and the computation is only done by the EAP
> server and peer - could we just not pick a KDF and mandate it? 
> 
> Regards,
> Vidya
> 
> > -----Original Message-----
> > From: Yoshihiro Ohba [mailto:yohba@tari.toshiba.com] 
> > Sent: Friday, March 17, 2006 12:24 PM
> > To: Jari Arkko
> > Cc: eap@frascone.com; Bernard Aboba
> > Subject: Re: [eap] About use of EMSK
> > 
> > One thing we might discuss is whether (a) and (b) provide the 
> > same level of security or not.  Since (b) is not end-to-end, 
> > negotiation bidding down attack may be possible by 
> > passthrough authenticator.
> > 
> > Yoshihiro Ohba
> > 
> > 
> > On Mon, Mar 06, 2006 at 11:36:24AM +0200, Jari Arkko wrote:
> > > 
> > > Here's some analysis of the server vs. lower-layer based EMSK 
> > > processing approaches.
> > > 
> > > (1) In the server based approach we keep the EMSK in the server 
> > > (perhaps just for a moment) and generate the AMSKs, which 
> > are given to 
> > > the the different applications, such as fast handoff mechanisms.
> > > The use of these applications goes via AAA, e.g., some kind of key 
> > > requests or fast re-auth requests can be sent from NASes to the 
> > > server. The AMSKs are derived using a KDF which is decided 
> > either (a) 
> > > by a default plus optional negotiation in methods or (b) by lower 
> > > layer negotiation and having AAA tell the server which KDF to use.
> > > 
> > > (2) In the lower-layer based EMSK processing approach, the EMSK is 
> > > delivered to the authenticator along with the MSK.
> > > KDF is selected either (a) by a default in EAP plus optional 
> > > negotiation in methods, choice is communicated to the lower 
> > layer via 
> > > AAA or (b) by lower layer negotiation alone.
> > > The lower layer is responsible for all use of the AMSKs in a local 
> > > context. That is, no AAA key requests are needed or possible.
> > > 
> > > Discussion about the chosen approach for EMSK use has so 
> > far appeared 
> > > to assume 1a vs. 2b. Based on the above, it seems that the KDF 
> > > negotiation may be a separate issue from who maintains the EMSK and 
> > > calculates AMSKs.
> > > In the following I'll try to analyze these issues.
> > > 
> > > The KDF negotiation is indeed problematic almost no matter 
> > what we do. 
> > > Requiring new funtionality in methods is in practice often a 
> > > non-starter; while we can develop new methods and update 
> > old ones, it 
> > > is expected that most of current usage will continue to use the 
> > > existing methods. Having a default does not help much 
> > either, if the 
> > > default becomes broken in the near future.
> > > But requiring new functionality in link layers it not always easy 
> > > either. It would be easy when we are developing a new link 
> > layer and 
> > > including some EMSK usage as a part of that. But if we were to use 
> > > EMSK for some new function over 802.11, for instance, would 
> > there be 
> > > enough incentive to extend 802.11 just to make this possible?
> > > 
> > > The choices and their implications are:
> > > 
> > >  (a) Specified default, optional negotiation in EAP methods.
> > > 
> > >       This implies an interface either from methods to the 
> > AAA/EAP server
> > >       code (for solution 1) or AAA protocol extensions for 
> > solution 2.
> > > 
> > >       Changes in peers, servers, methods, possibly AAA protocols.
> > > 
> > >  (b) Lower layer negotiation.
> > > 
> > >       If used together with solution 1, implies AAA 
> > protocol extensions
> > >       to communicate the KDF. If used with solution 2, implies AAA
> > >       protocol extensions to carry the EMSK.
> > >      
> > >       Changes in lower layers, AAA protocol. No changes in 
> > EAP or methods.
> > > 
> > > Based on this my current preference is (b). I'd be willing 
> > to accept 
> > > (a), too.
> > > 
> > > The choice between server or lower-layer based EMSK 
> > processing depends 
> > > on security implications and ease of use for different purposes.
> > > The choices are:
> > > 
> > >  (1) Derive AMSKs at the EAP/AAA server.
> > > 
> > >       Implies a AAA protocol extension to retrieve AMSKs.
> > > 
> > >       Changes at the EAP/AAA server, authenticator. New, stateful
> > >       nature of the EAP/AAA server.
> > > 
> > >  (2) Derive AMSKs at the lower layer.
> > > 
> > >       Implies a AAA protocol extension to carry EMSK to the
> > >       authenticator.
> > > 
> > >       Small changes at the EAP/AAA server, main functionality in
> > >       the authenticator.
> > > 
> > >       Hard to see how other nodes than the authenticator would
> > >       actually use the AMSKs. Traditionally, NAS -> NAS 
> > communication
> > >       has not been easy compared to NAS -> AAA communication.
> > > 
> > > Based on this my current preference is (1). But its a close call.
> > > 
> > > --Jari
> > > 
> > > _________________________________________________________________
> > > To unsubscribe or modify your subscription options, please visit:
> > > http://lists.frascone.com/mailman/listinfo/eap
> > > 
> > > Arhives: http://lists.frascone.com/pipermail/eap
> > > 
> > _________________________________________________________________
> > To unsubscribe or modify your subscription options, please visit:
> > http://lists.frascone.com/mailman/listinfo/eap
> > 
> > Arhives: http://lists.frascone.com/pipermail/eap
> > 
> 
> 
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From: "Bernard Aboba" <Bernard_Aboba@hotmail.com>
To: "'Narayanan, Vidya'" <vidyan@qualcomm.com>, <eap@frascone.com>
Subject: RE: [eap] Re: m.getKey() and RFC 4137
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Vidya said:

"I wonder if we are restricted in defining the behavior of the EMSK based
on a spec that did not consider EMSKs to begin with? It may be that we
would conclude it is okay to pass the EMSK to the AAA layer - but,
should we be constrained by 4137 though?" 

RFC 4137 treats keying material as a *structure* not a single variable, so
that all the keying material and parameters are passed to the lower layer at
the same time.  This would not have been necessary if the document only
meant to deal with the MSK. Since RFC 4137 references the key frame work
document as well as RFC 3748, it cannot be claimed that it was unaware of
the key management document, which until -09 included passing of the EMSK to
the lower layer. 

   

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Subject: RE: [eap] Re: m.getKey() and RFC 4137
Date: Fri, 17 Mar 2006 14:14:21 -0800
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From: "Salowey, Joe" <jsalowey@cisco.com>
To: "Bernard Aboba" <Bernard_Aboba@hotmail.com>,
	"Narayanan, Vidya" <vidyan@qualcomm.com>, <eap@frascone.com>
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=20

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Bernard Aboba [mailto:Bernard_Aboba@hotmail.com]=20
> Sent: Friday, March 17, 2006 1:42 PM
> To: 'Narayanan, Vidya'; eap@frascone.com
> Subject: RE: [eap] Re: m.getKey() and RFC 4137
>=20
> Vidya said:
>=20
> "I wonder if we are restricted in defining the behavior of=20
> the EMSK based
> on a spec that did not consider EMSKs to begin with? It may be that we
> would conclude it is okay to pass the EMSK to the AAA layer - but,
> should we be constrained by 4137 though?"=20
>=20
> RFC 4137 treats keying material as a *structure* not a single=20
> variable, so
> that all the keying material and parameters are passed to the=20
> lower layer at
> the same time.  This would not have been necessary if the=20
> document only
> meant to deal with the MSK. Since RFC 4137 references the key=20
> frame work
> document as well as RFC 3748, it cannot be claimed that it=20
> was unaware of
> the key management document, which until -09 included passing=20
> of the EMSK to
> the lower layer.=20
>=20
[Joe] Awareness and having a good understanding of it are two different
things.  I think we have made much progress in understanding in
discussions since RFC 3748 (which reserves the EMSK for future use) and
RFC 4137 (which doesn't mention the EMSK at all). Basing a decision on
what is loosely captured in RFC 4137 would be short sighted.  I don't
think these documents should be interpreted as encourage or discourage
passing the EMSK to various places.=20
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Subject: RE: [eap] Re: m.getKey() and RFC 4137
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From: "Narayanan, Vidya" <vidyan@qualcomm.com>
To: "Salowey, Joe" <jsalowey@cisco.com>,
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> > Vidya said:
> >=20
> > "I wonder if we are restricted in defining the behavior of the EMSK=20
> > based on a spec that did not consider EMSKs to begin with?=20
> It may be=20
> > that we would conclude it is okay to pass the EMSK to the=20
> AAA layer -=20
> > but, should we be constrained by 4137 though?"
> >=20
> > RFC 4137 treats keying material as a *structure* not a single=20
> > variable, so that all the keying material and parameters=20
> are passed to=20
> > the lower layer at the same time.  This would not have been=20
> necessary=20
> > if the document only meant to deal with the MSK. Since RFC 4137=20
> > references the key frame work document as well as RFC 3748,=20
> it cannot=20
> > be claimed that it was unaware of the key management=20
> document, which=20
> > until -09 included passing of the EMSK to the lower layer.
> >=20
> [Joe] Awareness and having a good understanding of it are two=20
> different things.  I think we have made much progress in=20
> understanding in discussions since RFC 3748 (which reserves=20
> the EMSK for future use) and RFC 4137 (which doesn't mention=20
> the EMSK at all).=20

Well, for that matter, RFC 4137 doesn't mention the MSK either :)=20

> Basing a decision on what is loosely=20
> captured in RFC 4137 would be short sighted.  I don't think=20
> these documents should be interpreted as encourage or=20
> discourage passing the EMSK to various places.=20
>=20

I agree with this though. If 4137 captured a snapshot that has been
revisited and evolved further, it doesn't seem reasonable to use that as
a baseline. What are the implications on existing implementations
because of this? Do we have a sense of that?=20

Vidya
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Vidya - RFC 4137 has been out of last call for nearly 18 months and we =
(Microsoft) have completed a implementation based on it, we already have =
partners integrating with it.
=20
We are not the only ones, it has also been integrated with other link =
layers such as IEEE 802.1X-2004, IEEE 802.11i, etc.
=20
I even understand UNH is also going to be building a test sure around =
4137 (http://www.iol.unh.edu/).
=20
Simply put proposed changes would result in significant changes to these =
existing standards, that would not only would negate the progress that =
has been achieved through this working group it would also create =
confusion in the market and likely cost the industry billions of =
dollars.

If there is in-fact a need for these new capabilities the existing =
standards are not the place to incorporate them.

Ryan M. Hurst


------_=_NextPart_001_01C64A23.634EAB60
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	charset="iso-8859-1"
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<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN"><HTML =
DIR=3Dltr><HEAD><META HTTP-EQUIV=3D"Content-Type" CONTENT=3D"text/html; =
charset=3Diso-8859-1"></HEAD><BODY>=0A=
<DIV><FONT color=3D#000000 size=3D2>Vidya - RFC 4137 has been out of =
last call for =0A=
nearly 18 months and we (Microsoft) have completed a implementation =
based on it, =0A=
we already have partners integrating with it.</FONT></DIV>=0A=
<DIV><FONT color=3D#000000 size=3D2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>=0A=
<DIV><FONT color=3D#000000 size=3D2>We are not the only ones, it has =
also been =0A=
integrated with other link layers such as IEEE 802.1X-2004, IEEE =
802.11i, =0A=
etc.</FONT></DIV>=0A=
<DIV><FONT size=3D2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>=0A=
<DIV><FONT size=3D2>I even understand UNH is also going to be building a =
test sure =0A=
around 4137 (<A =0A=
href=3D"http://www.iol.unh.edu/">http://www.iol.unh.edu/</A>).</FONT></DI=
V>=0A=
<DIV><FONT size=3D2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>=0A=
<DIV><FONT color=3D#000000 size=3D2>Simply put proposed changes =
would&nbsp;result in =0A=
significant changes to&nbsp;these existing standards, that would not =
only would =0A=
negate the progress that has been achieved through this working group it =
would =0A=
also create confusion in the market and likely cost the industry =
billions of =0A=
dollars.</FONT></DIV>=0A=
<P><FONT color=3D#000000 size=3D2>If there is in-fact a need for these =
new =0A=
capabilities the existing standards are not the place to incorporate =0A=
them.</P></FONT>=0A=
<DIV><FONT color=3D#000000 size=3D2>Ryan M. =
Hurst<BR></DIV></FONT></BODY></HTML>
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Subject: RE: [eap] Re: m.getKey() and RFC 4137
Date: Fri, 17 Mar 2006 17:43:57 -0800
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From: "Salowey, Joe" <jsalowey@cisco.com>
To: "Narayanan, Vidya" <vidyan@qualcomm.com>,
	"Bernard Aboba" <Bernard_Aboba@hotmail.com>, <eap@frascone.com>
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> > Basing a decision on what is loosely=20
> > captured in RFC 4137 would be short sighted.  I don't think=20
> > these documents should be interpreted as encourage or=20
> > discourage passing the EMSK to various places.=20
> >=20
>=20
> I agree with this though. If 4137 captured a snapshot that has been
> revisited and evolved further, it doesn't seem reasonable to=20
> use that as
> a baseline. What are the implications on existing implementations
> because of this? Do we have a sense of that?=20
>=20
[Joe] There are no existing implementations that use the EMSK because we
have not defined how to use the EMSK yet. =20
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Subject: RE: [eap] Re: m.getKey() and RFC 4137
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From: "Narayanan, Vidya" <vidyan@qualcomm.com>
To: "Salowey, Joe" <jsalowey@cisco.com>,
	"Bernard Aboba" <Bernard_Aboba@hotmail.com>, <eap@frascone.com>
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> >=20
> [Joe] There are no existing implementations that use the EMSK=20
> because we have not defined how to use the EMSK yet. =20
>=20

There aren't implementations that "use" it, but there must be
implementations that derive it (given that the MSK and EMSK are really
parts of the same longer key) - no?=20

And, if it is derived and passed to the lower layer today, we still have
issues, regardless of the fact that the lower layer does nothing with it
today.=20

Vidya
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Ryan,
This is valuable input. This unfortunately, is a practical limitation.=20
=20
Re-reading RFC 3748, I guess it really says "it (the EMSK) MUST NOT be
transported to, or shared with, additional parties, or used to derive
any other keys." So, it doesn't say anywhere that the EMSK MUST NOT be
transported to a lower layer per say.=20
=20
I guess we cannot really blame RFC 4137 alone for what it says then :)=20
=20
We could go down the path that RFC 4137 is an informational RFC and must
technically not have a bearing on a standards track document - but,
practical problems supercede that anyway.=20
=20
It does make the specification a bit sticky with respect to EMSKs now -
it should be the EAP layer keeping the EMSK (caching if needed) and
generating the AMSKs out of it. If the EMSK is transported to the AAA
layer, it doesn't seem to make sense that the AAA layer would be
deriving any AMSKs.=20
=20
We could say that the EMSK is transported along with the MSK to the AAA
layer in today's implementations, but the EAP layer must maintain a copy
of the EMSK in order to derive AMSKs from it - but, then, this obviously
violates the fact that transported keys must be deleted. If we are
willing to relax that requirement (and add text about the fact that the
AAA layer MUST delete the EMSK immediately), there may be a way forward.
But, I'm not convinced that this is the right approach.=20
=20
Vidya



________________________________

	From: Ryan Hurst [mailto:Ryan.Hurst@microsoft.com]=20
	Sent: Friday, March 17, 2006 4:32 PM
	To: eap@frascone.com
	Subject: [eap] Re: m.getKey() and RFC 4137
=09
=09
	Vidya - RFC 4137 has been out of last call for nearly 18 months
and we (Microsoft) have completed a implementation based on it, we
already have partners integrating with it.
	=20
	We are not the only ones, it has also been integrated with other
link layers such as IEEE 802.1X-2004, IEEE 802.11i, etc.
	=20
	I even understand UNH is also going to be building a test sure
around 4137 (http://www.iol.unh.edu/).
	=20
	Simply put proposed changes would result in significant changes
to these existing standards, that would not only would negate the
progress that has been achieved through this working group it would also
create confusion in the market and likely cost the industry billions of
dollars.

	If there is in-fact a need for these new capabilities the
existing standards are not the place to incorporate them.

	Ryan M. Hurst
=09


------_=_NextPart_001_01C64A31.C4402FED
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<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN">
<HTML dir=3Dltr><HEAD>
<META http-equiv=3DContent-Type content=3D"text/html; =
charset=3Dus-ascii">
<META content=3D"MSHTML 6.00.2900.2802" name=3DGENERATOR></HEAD>
<BODY>
<DIV dir=3Dltr align=3Dleft><SPAN class=3D765424701-18032006><FONT =
face=3DArial=20
color=3D#0000ff size=3D2>Ryan,</FONT></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV dir=3Dltr align=3Dleft><SPAN class=3D765424701-18032006><FONT =
face=3DArial=20
color=3D#0000ff size=3D2>This is valuable input. This unfortunately, is =
a practical=20
limitation. </FONT></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV dir=3Dltr align=3Dleft><SPAN class=3D765424701-18032006><FONT =
face=3DArial=20
color=3D#0000ff size=3D2></FONT></SPAN>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV dir=3Dltr align=3Dleft><SPAN class=3D765424701-18032006><FONT =
face=3DArial><FONT=20
color=3D#0000ff size=3D2>Re-reading RFC 3748, I guess it really says =
"</FONT><FONT=20
color=3D#0000ff size=3D2>it (the EMSK) MUST NOT be transported to, or =
shared with,=20
additional parties, or used to derive any other keys." So, it doesn't =
say=20
anywhere that the EMSK MUST NOT be transported to a lower layer per say. =

</FONT></FONT></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=3D765424701-18032006><FONT face=3DArial><FONT =
color=3D#0000ff=20
size=3D2></FONT></FONT></SPAN>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=3D765424701-18032006><FONT face=3DArial><FONT =
color=3D#0000ff=20
size=3D2>I guess we cannot really blame RFC 4137 alone&nbsp;for what it =
says=20
then&nbsp;:) </FONT></FONT></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=3D765424701-18032006><FONT face=3DArial><FONT =
color=3D#0000ff=20
size=3D2></FONT></FONT></SPAN>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=3D765424701-18032006><FONT face=3DArial><FONT =
color=3D#0000ff=20
size=3D2>We could go down the path that RFC 4137 is an informational RFC =
and must=20
technically not have a bearing on a standards track document&nbsp;- but, =

practical problems supercede that anyway. </FONT></FONT></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=3D765424701-18032006><FONT face=3DArial><FONT =
color=3D#0000ff=20
size=3D2></FONT></FONT></SPAN>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=3D765424701-18032006><FONT face=3DArial><FONT =
color=3D#0000ff=20
size=3D2>It does make the specification a bit sticky with respect to =
EMSKs now -=20
it should be the EAP layer keeping the EMSK (caching if needed) and =
generating=20
the AMSKs out of it.&nbsp;If the EMSK is transported to the AAA layer, =
it=20
doesn't seem to make sense that the AAA layer would be deriving any =
AMSKs.=20
</FONT></FONT></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=3D765424701-18032006><FONT face=3DArial><FONT =
color=3D#0000ff=20
size=3D2></FONT></FONT></SPAN>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=3D765424701-18032006><FONT><FONT><FONT face=3DArial =
color=3D#0000ff=20
size=3D2>We could say that the EMSK is transported along with the MSK to =
the AAA=20
layer in today's implementations, but the EAP layer must maintain a copy =
of the=20
EMSK in order to derive AMSKs from it - but, then, this obviously =
violates the=20
fact that transported keys must be deleted. If we are willing to relax =
that=20
requirement (and add text about the fact that the AAA layer MUST delete =
the EMSK=20
immediately), there may be a way forward. But, I'm not convinced =
that&nbsp;this=20
is the right approach. </FONT></DIV>
<DIV dir=3Dltr align=3Dleft><FONT face=3DArial color=3D#0000ff=20
size=3D2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV dir=3Dltr align=3Dleft><SPAN =
class=3D765424701-18032006></SPAN><FONT face=3DArial=20
color=3D#0000ff size=3D2>V<SPAN=20
class=3D765424701-18032006>idya</SPAN><BR></FONT></DIV></FONT></FONT></SP=
AN><BR>
<BLOCKQUOTE dir=3Dltr=20
style=3D"PADDING-LEFT: 5px; MARGIN-LEFT: 5px; BORDER-LEFT: #0000ff 2px =
solid; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px">
  <DIV class=3DOutlookMessageHeader lang=3Den-us dir=3Dltr align=3Dleft>
  <HR tabIndex=3D-1>
  <FONT face=3DTahoma size=3D2><B>From:</B> Ryan Hurst=20
  [mailto:Ryan.Hurst@microsoft.com] <BR><B>Sent:</B> Friday, March 17, =
2006 4:32=20
  PM<BR><B>To:</B> eap@frascone.com<BR><B>Subject:</B> [eap] Re: =
m.getKey() and=20
  RFC 4137<BR></FONT><BR></DIV>
  <DIV></DIV>
  <DIV><FONT size=3D2>Vidya - RFC 4137 has been out of last call for =
nearly 18=20
  months and we (Microsoft) have completed a implementation based on it, =
we=20
  already have partners integrating with it.</FONT></DIV>
  <DIV><FONT size=3D2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
  <DIV><FONT size=3D2>We are not the only ones, it has also been =
integrated with=20
  other link layers such as IEEE 802.1X-2004, IEEE 802.11i, =
etc.</FONT></DIV>
  <DIV><FONT size=3D2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
  <DIV><FONT size=3D2>I even understand UNH is also going to be building =
a test=20
  sure around 4137 (<A=20
  =
href=3D"http://www.iol.unh.edu/">http://www.iol.unh.edu/</A>).</FONT></DI=
V>
  <DIV><FONT size=3D2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
  <DIV><FONT color=3D#000000 size=3D2>Simply put proposed changes =
would&nbsp;result=20
  in significant changes to&nbsp;these existing standards, that would =
not only=20
  would negate the progress that has been achieved through this working =
group it=20
  would also create confusion in the market and likely cost the industry =

  billions of dollars.</FONT></DIV>
  <P><FONT color=3D#000000 size=3D2>If there is in-fact a need for these =
new=20
  capabilities the existing standards are not the place to incorporate=20
  them.</P></FONT>
  <DIV><FONT color=3D#000000 size=3D2>Ryan M.=20
Hurst<BR></DIV></BLOCKQUOTE></FONT></BODY></HTML>

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From barry@01comics.com Sat Mar 18 06:44:51 2006
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Golden Apple Oil and Gas, Inc has opened a Canadian office in Toronto, Ontario to facilitate the management of its Canadian operations. All correspondence and communication will continue to be serviced by the company's head office staff in Phoenix Arizona.




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To Investor:

nZon Corporation
Trading As: IZON
Last Trade: $0.45
7 Day Proj: $1.10-$1.25
30 Day Proj: $1.75-$2.00

InZon Corp. is the new stock on our watch.

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We hope to see you jump on the bandwagon Monday March 20, 2006!!!




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Vidya said:

"It is a yet-to-be-defined thing and the computation is only done by the EAP
server and peer - could we just not pick a KDF and mandate it?"

One problem is that the KDF currently suggested for use in computing AMSKs
is based on SHA-1, which
NIST has suggested will be deprecated by 2010.  Given the movement of the US
and other governments 
toward the deployment of EAP-based access control, it is important that
FIPS-certifiable EAP-based 
solutions continue to be available going forward.  

Without the possibility of negotiation,  the adoption of a
soon-to-be-deprecated KDF implies 
that EAP itself will be deprecated by 2010.  As has been noted by others,
existing EAP methods 
do not negotiate KDFs either for their own use or for use in AMSK
generation, and adding this 
feature to existing or even new methods would be very difficult.  For
example, TLS (on which many
EAP methods are based) does not yet support KDF negotiation for its own use,
let along
for use in AMSK generation. 

These problems largely evaporate if AMSKs are generated by the lower layer,
since the lower layer
can then negotiate the appropriate KDF for their generation.  No changes
would be required for existing or 
new EAP methods.  No changes would be required to RFC 4137.  

 

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From gianp@fiducia.de Tue Mar 21 05:39:18 2006
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From jmatte@1-800-database.com Tue Mar 21 09:15:03 2006
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PREMIER INFORMATION (PIFR) 

Climbs 100% plus since its IPO, just signing an agreement with TOP 10 in-surancee company in US (AccuQuote). 
The company is pleased and proud to be working with a wide range of clients that includes in-surancee industry leaders Transamerica In-surancee and John Hancock In-surancee, as well as leading online in-surancee br0ker AccuQuote. 
We Do Not See this slowing down, watch out this st0ck go crazy tomorrow. 
This is a Must Watch.. 


PREMIER INFORMATION (PIFR) 
A U.S. based company offers specialized information management serices to both the In surancee and Healthcare Industries. The services we provide are specific to each industry and designed for quick response and maximum security. 


Current Price: .45 


Is this an Undiscovered  Gem that is Positioned to Go Higher? P|easee R e a d the Following Announcement in its Entirety and Consider the Possibilities... Watch This One Trade Tomorrow! 


Premier Information Management, Inc. (PIFR), an emerging provider of information management services to the In-surancee and Healthcare industries, announced today that the company is providing information procurement and data migration services to several of the Top Twenty In-surancee Gr0ups, ranked according to the number of individual term life in-surancee policies issued by industry providers in 2004. (NAIC In-surancee Industry Data) 
"We are pleased and proud to be working with a wide range of clients that includes in-surancee industry leaders Transamerica In-surancee and John Hancock In-surancee, as well as leading online i-nsurancee br0ker AccuQuote," said Tom Miller, CEO of Premier Information. "We want to continue to stay focused on growing our core business, refining our operation model, and introducing new integrating technologies that help move our clients to more efficient, cost effective and secure business processes." 


Premier Information procures sensitive health information from medical providers as authorized from proposed claimants or their legal representatives, then utilizes Premier's patent-pending, proprietary PiImageX(TM) application to electronically transmit the information to the requesting in-surancee carrier and/or their registered broker/agents. PiImageX(TM) was developed specifically to increasee efficiencies associated with underwriting and claim processing by reducing record retrieval turnaround times by as much as 40%, cutting costs, increasing security and redefining the way mission critical information is being digitally transmitted in the in-surancee and healthcare industries. PiImageX(TM) is a proprietary rules-based application containing efficient workflow solutions that create an "assembly line" information management system for customized file conversions, index file scripting, encryption methodologies and simultaneous transmissions across various protocols to multiple en 
d users. 


These partnerships specifically allow Premier to obtain personal health information, as governed by the Health In-surancee Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), and other applicable state laws and regulations. 


Global HealthCare Market Undergoing Digital Conversion 


Premier is an emerging provider of information management solutions to the global health care market, an industry that generates in excess of $2 tri||i0n a year. As of year-end 2005, the health care industry consumed an astonishing 17.9% of U.S. Gross Domestic Product making Healthcare and related industries a market of staggering size with tremendous growth potential for all of its participants. 


The health-care and in-surancee industries are undergoing a digital conversion and fast becoming businesses based on the transfer, storage and management of information. Premier's ability to procure, host and control the flow of sensitive, health information accurately, securely and efficiently through its suite of patent pending software applications is what distinguishes Premier from its competitors in this multi-bi||i0n d0||ar industry. 


Premier is extremely well positioned to take advantage of growth opportunities within the burgeoning healthcare and in-suranceemarkets. The demand for Premier's services is strong, recent industry data estimates that cost saavings for in-surancee companies and healthcare providers who invest in new technologies and management services range from $45 bi||i0n to $100 bi||i0n on an industry-wide basis. 







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To: "Bernard Aboba" <Bernard_Aboba@hotmail.com>, <eap@frascone.com>
From: Lakshminath Dondeti <ldondeti@qualcomm.com>
Subject: Re: [eap] Re: KDF Negotiation for AMSK derivation
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My terminology may be mixed up, but are we talking about the base 
algorithm for a PRF and not the negotiation of the full key 
derivation function?

To give an example,

IKEv2's KDF (although 4306 doesn't call it a KDF) is defined as:

prf+ (K,S) = T1 | T2 | T3 | T4 | ...

    where:
    T1 = prf (K, S | 0x01)
    T2 = prf (K, T1 | S | 0x02)
    T3 = prf (K, T2 | S | 0x03)
    T4 = prf (K, T3 | S | 0x04)

4307 lists the PRF base algorithms:

PRF_HMAC_MD5        1          [RFC2104]    MAY
PRF_HMAC_SHA1       2          [RFC2104]    MUST
PRF_AES128_CBC      4          [AESPRF]     SHOULD+

We could be talking about negotiating the "KDF" which to me means 
either IKEv2's prf+ or TLS prf and so on.  If we are talking about 
the underlying algorithm negotiation (which is my preference) then we 
have a choice of a hash or a cipher based PRF.  Bernard's concern 
seems to be about a particular hash algorithm.

A clarification will be useful for me to follow this discussion.

Oh, another thing here is (this came up in a discussion between Vidya 
N, Joe S and David M) whether we can just rely on the EAP methods to 
handle this.  I do note the comment about existing methods don't 
support negotiation, but from my recollection they are also all over 
the place in EMSK generation also.

Finally, Bernard, I was wondering if you can provide more details on 
why lower layers can negotiate the algorithms, while it is difficult 
for even new methods?  Thanks.

best regards,
Lakshminath

At 05:37 AM 3/20/2006, Bernard Aboba wrote:
>Vidya said:
>
>"It is a yet-to-be-defined thing and the computation is only done by the EAP
>server and peer - could we just not pick a KDF and mandate it?"
>
>One problem is that the KDF currently suggested for use in computing AMSKs
>is based on SHA-1, which
>NIST has suggested will be deprecated by 2010.  Given the movement of the US
>and other governments
>toward the deployment of EAP-based access control, it is important that
>FIPS-certifiable EAP-based
>solutions continue to be available going forward.
>
>Without the possibility of negotiation,  the adoption of a
>soon-to-be-deprecated KDF implies
>that EAP itself will be deprecated by 2010.  As has been noted by others,
>existing EAP methods
>do not negotiate KDFs either for their own use or for use in AMSK
>generation, and adding this
>feature to existing or even new methods would be very difficult.  For
>example, TLS (on which many
>EAP methods are based) does not yet support KDF negotiation for its own use,
>let along
>for use in AMSK generation.
>
>These problems largely evaporate if AMSKs are generated by the lower layer,
>since the lower layer
>can then negotiate the appropriate KDF for their generation.  No changes
>would be required for existing or
>new EAP methods.  No changes would be required to RFC 4137.
>
>
>
>_________________________________________________________________
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Subject: RE: [eap] Re: KDF Negotiation for AMSK derivation
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From: "Ryan Hurst" <Ryan.Hurst@microsoft.com>
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That's a good point, one of the most elegant aspects of EAP is that it
is simply a forwarding layer, this fact gives EAP (like TCP/IP)
longevity but if we integrate crypto into it directly we put this at
risk.

We should also be mindful of the fact that once EAP directly performs
cryptographic operations it too will be subject to FIPS and possibly CC
evaluations; those who have undergone this process understand this has a
high initial and ongoing cost that every implementer would have to
assume.

>From what I can tell it just doesn't make architectural or practical
sense to make the changes necessary to support this this proposal. If
there is a desire to clarify the text of the existing documents to make
things clearer that's one thing, but if any changes will negatively
affect existing implementations and standards they should be dropped or
a covered in a new standards effort.

Ryan M. Hurst=20
-----Original Message-----
From: Bernard Aboba [mailto:Bernard_Aboba@hotmail.com]=20
Sent: Monday, March 20, 2006 5:38 AM
To: eap@frascone.com
Subject: [eap] Re: KDF Negotiation for AMSK derivation

Vidya said:

"It is a yet-to-be-defined thing and the computation is only done by the
EAP server and peer - could we just not pick a KDF and mandate it?"

One problem is that the KDF currently suggested for use in computing
AMSKs is based on SHA-1, which NIST has suggested will be deprecated by
2010.  Given the movement of the US and other governments toward the
deployment of EAP-based access control, it is important that
FIPS-certifiable EAP-based solutions continue to be available going
forward. =20

Without the possibility of negotiation,  the adoption of a
soon-to-be-deprecated KDF implies that EAP itself will be deprecated by
2010.  As has been noted by others, existing EAP methods do not
negotiate KDFs either for their own use or for use in AMSK generation,
and adding this feature to existing or even new methods would be very
difficult.  For example, TLS (on which many EAP methods are based) does
not yet support KDF negotiation for its own use, let along for use in
AMSK generation.=20

These problems largely evaporate if AMSKs are generated by the lower
layer, since the lower layer can then negotiate the appropriate KDF for
their generation.  No changes would be required for existing or new EAP
methods.  No changes would be required to RFC 4137. =20

=20

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Dear Sir/Madam,

I represent Alpha Import&Export Corporation based in the UK. Our company =
was established in the year 1992 and we had a staff that range between 1 =
to 5 in our headquaters.We have now covered most part of the globe and no=
w have a staff of about 400 people world wide.This remarkable improvement=
 in the world market made us a member of the TRADE UNION in the year 2005=
.
 
Alpha Import&Export Corporation is a private import and export company ex=
port mechanical equipment, hardware and minerals, electrical products, Me=
dical & Chemicals, light industrial products and office equipment for bot=
h the home and professional markets for world trade. 
 
What we really require is someone who can represent this company in Canad=
a/America and neighbouring islands. We have been having problems with cli=
ents in these regions because they are politely refusing to pay for shipm=
ents on one excuse or the other so we are searching for representatives w=
ho can assist us establish a medium of getting to our costumers in the Ca=
nada/America and neighbouring islands as well as making payments through =
you to us.
 
Most of our customers pay out in cheques and we do not have an account in=
 your country that will clear this money. It is upon this note that we se=
ek your assistance as our representative in your country.
 
Be informed that as our representative, you will receive 10% of whatever =
amount you clear for the company and the balance will be paid into an acc=
ount we will avail to you. 
 
This job is rather easy and does not require a lot of expertise. If you a=
re interested in this business offer, please email me on this email addre=
ss below: (lewis_alphacorporation@rediff.com)
 
Thanks for your time and we look forward to hear from you. 
 
Thanks in advance,  

Mr.Lewis Henderson
Managing Director
Goods for Import/Export
Freight Fwdg. Svcs.=0A=0AAcc=E9dez au courrier =E9lectronique de La Poste=
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ge between 1 to 5 in our headquaters.We have now covered most part of the=
 globe and now have a staff of about 400 people world wide.This remarkabl=
e improvement in the world market made us a member of the TRADE UNION in =
the year 2005.<BR>&nbsp;<BR>Alpha Import&amp;Export Corporation is a priv=
ate import and export company export mechanical equipment, hardware and m=
inerals, electrical products, Medical &amp; Chemicals, light industrial p=
roducts and office equipment for both the home and professional markets f=
or world trade. <BR>&nbsp;<BR>What we really require is someone who can r=
epresent this company in Canada/America and neighbouring islands. We have=
 been having problems with clients in these regions because they are poli=
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--_=__=_XaM3_.1143028935.2A.831479.42.21222.52.42.007.17646--




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From: Jari Arkko <jari.arkko@piuha.net>
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To: Bernard Aboba <Bernard_Aboba@hotmail.com>
Subject: Re: [eap] Re: m.getKey() and RFC 4137
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Bernard Aboba wrote:

>Vidya said:
>
>"Are you saying then that in accordance with 4137, the EMSK will also be
>delivered to the AAA layer on the EAP server? "
>
>That's how I read it, yes.  The keying material and parameters are passed
>via the eapKeyData structure to the lower layer (which would be the AAA
>layer on the EAP server when in passthrough mode), via the m.getKey()
>function.  The AAA layer then fills in the aaaEapKeyData structure and
>passes this to the authenticator.  While both eapKeyData and aaaEapKeyData
>are of type "EAP Key" there doesn't appear to be a presumption that they are
>the same.  So the AAA layer could receive the EMSK, but not pass it to the
>authenticator.
>  
>

So -- we are still talking only about what happens "inside the box",
not about the delivery of the EMSK to the access point on the
coffee shop wall? I'm not sure I care much about what happens
inside the box, as long as the value doesn't leave the box...

--Jari

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Subject: Re: [eap] Re: KDF Negotiation for AMSK derivation
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Bernard Aboba wrote:

>These problems largely evaporate if AMSKs are generated by the lower layer,
>since the lower layer
>can then negotiate the appropriate KDF for their generation.  No changes
>would be required for existing or 
>new EAP methods.  No changes would be required to RFC 4137. 
>  
>

These are good arguments. Just to clarify what you are proposing --
are you saying that (a) we should deliver both MSK and EMSK to the
lower layer and that (b) in addition prohibit AAA from transporting
the EMSK?

If yes, I think I agree and maybe that's the way forward. I have
also re-read the relevant parts of the keying framework document
and I did not see any text changes that we would need to do.
It already says that the EMSK is exported to the lower layer and
that AAA transport of the EMSK is prohibited. Is there something
else that we need?

--Jari

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Subject: RE: [eap] Re: KDF Negotiation for AMSK derivation
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From: "Salowey, Joe" <jsalowey@cisco.com>
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=20

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Jari Arkko [mailto:jari.arkko@piuha.net]=20
> Sent: Wednesday, March 22, 2006 4:49 AM
> To: Bernard Aboba
> Cc: eap@frascone.com
> Subject: Re: [eap] Re: KDF Negotiation for AMSK derivation
>=20
> Bernard Aboba wrote:
>=20
> >These problems largely evaporate if AMSKs are generated by=20
> the lower layer,
> >since the lower layer
> >can then negotiate the appropriate KDF for their generation.=20
>  No changes
> >would be required for existing or=20
> >new EAP methods.  No changes would be required to RFC 4137.=20
> > =20
> >
>=20
> These are good arguments. Just to clarify what you are proposing --
> are you saying that (a) we should deliver both MSK and EMSK to the
> lower layer and that (b) in addition prohibit AAA from transporting
> the EMSK?
>=20
> If yes, I think I agree and maybe that's the way forward. I have
> also re-read the relevant parts of the keying framework document
> and I did not see any text changes that we would need to do.
> It already says that the EMSK is exported to the lower layer and
> that AAA transport of the EMSK is prohibited. Is there something
> else that we need?
>=20
> --Jari
>=20
> _________________________________________________________________
> To unsubscribe or modify your subscription options, please visit:
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Subject: RE: [eap] Re: KDF Negotiation for AMSK derivation
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=20

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Jari Arkko [mailto:jari.arkko@piuha.net]=20
> Sent: Wednesday, March 22, 2006 4:49 AM
> To: Bernard Aboba
> Cc: eap@frascone.com
> Subject: Re: [eap] Re: KDF Negotiation for AMSK derivation
>=20
> Bernard Aboba wrote:
>=20
> >These problems largely evaporate if AMSKs are generated by=20
> the lower layer,
> >since the lower layer
> >can then negotiate the appropriate KDF for their generation.=20
>  No changes
> >would be required for existing or=20
> >new EAP methods.  No changes would be required to RFC 4137.=20
> > =20
> >
>=20
> These are good arguments. Just to clarify what you are proposing --
> are you saying that (a) we should deliver both MSK and EMSK to the
> lower layer and that (b) in addition prohibit AAA from transporting
> the EMSK?
>=20

[Joe] This to me sounds like a contradiction so I do not possibly see
how it could work.  Perhaps I am not understanding the term "lower
layer".=20


> If yes, I think I agree and maybe that's the way forward. I have
> also re-read the relevant parts of the keying framework document
> and I did not see any text changes that we would need to do.
> It already says that the EMSK is exported to the lower layer and
> that AAA transport of the EMSK is prohibited. Is there something
> else that we need?
>=20
> --Jari
>=20
> _________________________________________________________________
> To unsubscribe or modify your subscription options, please visit:
> http://lists.frascone.com/mailman/listinfo/eap
>=20
> Arhives: http://lists.frascone.com/pipermail/eap
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Subject: RE: [eap] Re: m.getKey() and RFC 4137
Date: Wed, 22 Mar 2006 05:36:57 -0800
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From: "Salowey, Joe" <jsalowey@cisco.com>
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	"Bernard Aboba" <Bernard_Aboba@hotmail.com>
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=20

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Jari Arkko [mailto:jari.arkko@piuha.net]=20
> Sent: Wednesday, March 22, 2006 4:44 AM
> To: Bernard Aboba
> Cc: eap@frascone.com
> Subject: Re: [eap] Re: m.getKey() and RFC 4137
>=20
> Bernard Aboba wrote:
>=20
> >Vidya said:
> >
> >"Are you saying then that in accordance with 4137, the EMSK=20
> will also be
> >delivered to the AAA layer on the EAP server? "
> >
> >That's how I read it, yes.  The keying material and=20
> parameters are passed
> >via the eapKeyData structure to the lower layer (which would=20
> be the AAA
> >layer on the EAP server when in passthrough mode), via the m.getKey()
> >function.  The AAA layer then fills in the aaaEapKeyData=20
> structure and
> >passes this to the authenticator.  While both eapKeyData and=20
> aaaEapKeyData
> >are of type "EAP Key" there doesn't appear to be a=20
> presumption that they are
> >the same.  So the AAA layer could receive the EMSK, but not=20
> pass it to the
> >authenticator.
> > =20
> >
>=20
> So -- we are still talking only about what happens "inside the box",
> not about the delivery of the EMSK to the access point on the
> coffee shop wall? I'm not sure I care much about what happens
> inside the box, as long as the value doesn't leave the box...
>=20

[Joe] I agree what happens within a peer or within a combined
authenticator and EAP server is not really a big concern from an
external view.  It's more what happens when we have separed the EAP
server and EAP authenticator that these details become observable
aspects of the system. =20


> --Jari
>=20
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Subject: Re: [eap] Re: KDF Negotiation for AMSK derivation
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>
>
>>Just to clarify what you are proposing --
>>are you saying that (a) we should deliver both MSK and EMSK to the
>>lower layer and that (b) in addition prohibit AAA from transporting
>>the EMSK?
>>
>>    
>>
>
>[Joe] This to me sounds like a contradiction so I do not possibly see
>how it could work.  Perhaps I am not understanding the term "lower
>layer". 
>  
>
I think we have a terminology problem. I though what Bernard was
suggesting is that you provide the MSK and EMSK through the
API to whatever is calling EAP. And then setting an additional
requirement to AAA that it cannot transport one of the quantities
out of the box.

--Jari

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Subject: RE: [eap] Re: KDF Negotiation for AMSK derivation
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=20

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Jari Arkko [mailto:jari.arkko@piuha.net]=20
> Sent: Wednesday, March 22, 2006 5:32 AM
> To: Salowey, Joe
> Cc: Bernard Aboba; eap@frascone.com
> Subject: Re: [eap] Re: KDF Negotiation for AMSK derivation
>=20
> >
> >
> >>Just to clarify what you are proposing --
> >>are you saying that (a) we should deliver both MSK and EMSK to the
> >>lower layer and that (b) in addition prohibit AAA from transporting
> >>the EMSK?
> >>
> >>   =20
> >>
> >
> >[Joe] This to me sounds like a contradiction so I do not possibly see
> >how it could work.  Perhaps I am not understanding the term "lower
> >layer".=20
> > =20
> >
> I think we have a terminology problem. I though what Bernard was
> suggesting is that you provide the MSK and EMSK through the
> API to whatever is calling EAP. And then setting an additional
> requirement to AAA that it cannot transport one of the quantities
> out of the box.
>=20
[Joe] If it is only a terminology problem that is OK, I'm not cmpletely
sure that it is. We need to clean up the terminology around lower layer.
My understanding of lower layer is it is the protocol between the EAP
Peer and EAP Authenticator where ciphering may be aplied based on keys
derived from the EAP exchange.  The endpoints of the lower layer do not
always directly invoke EAP. =20

We need a different name for the "EAP caller" which is the entity that
is calling the EAP module, which may be located on the authenticator or
on a separate device such as a AAA server.=20

> --Jari
>=20
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>These are good arguments. Just to clarify what you are proposing --
>are you saying that (a) we should deliver both MSK and EMSK to the
>lower layer and that (b) in addition prohibit AAA from transporting
>the EMSK?

Yes.

>If yes, I think I agree and maybe that's the way forward. I have
>also re-read the relevant parts of the keying framework document
>and I did not see any text changes that we would need to do.
>It already says that the EMSK is exported to the lower layer and
>that AAA transport of the EMSK is prohibited. Is there something
>else that we need?

We might consider removing or changing some of the figures.  For example, it 
is not clear to me that Figure 4 adds value, so that it can be removed.

Figure 3 shows the flow of keying material and parameters within an EAP 
implementation.   Figure 1 already shows the parameters and keying material 
exported by methods, so this figure may not add very much that could not be 
contributed with some text.  For example:

1. Figure 1 shows the EAP method outputting the Method-ID, while Figure 3 
shows the lower layer obtaining the Session-ID.  In this case the observable 
behavior is that the lower layer and AAA layer is provided with a Session-ID 
which uniquely identifies the EAP conversation.   My suggestion is that we 
change figure 1 to show the EAP method outputting the Session-ID, while 
indicating that since the Session-ID uniquely identifies an EAP 
conversation, implementations should take care to prevent EAP methods from 
writing into each other's Session-ID space.   It is not necessary to get 
into the implementation details of how this accomplished (e.g. only letting 
the method process output the Method-ID, while having the EAP Type code 
automatically concatenated outside the method process space).

2.  Figure 3 also gets into the details of the flow of keying 
material/parameters to the lower layer.  To avoid potential conflicts with 
RFC 4137, my recommendation would be to focus on the externally verifiable 
behavior, which is that the EMSK must be protected from compromise.   The 
EMSK is available only to the EAP peer and server, is never transported to a 
third party.  While the lower layer can compute keying material from the 
EMSK using a one-way funciton, the EMSK MUST NOT be used to directly to 
protect data.


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>So -- we are still talking only about what happens "inside the box",
>not about the delivery of the EMSK to the access point on the
>coffee shop wall? I'm not sure I care much about what happens
>inside the box, as long as the value doesn't leave the box...

Right. I think we only care about externally observable behavior.


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Bernard Aboba wrote:

> We might consider removing or changing some of the figures.

Right.

> For example, it is not clear to me that Figure 4 adds value, so that
> it can be removed.

Fine by me.

> Figure 3 shows the flow of keying material and parameters within an
> EAP implementation.   Figure 1 already shows the parameters and keying
> material exported by methods, so this figure may not add very much
> that could not be contributed with some text.  For example:
>
> 1. Figure 1 shows the EAP method outputting the Method-ID, while
> Figure 3 shows the lower layer obtaining the Session-ID.  In this case
> the observable behavior is that the lower layer and AAA layer is
> provided with a Session-ID which uniquely identifies the EAP
> conversation.   My suggestion is that we change figure 1 to show the
> EAP method outputting the Session-ID, while indicating that since the
> Session-ID uniquely identifies an EAP conversation, implementations
> should take care to prevent EAP methods from writing into each other's
> Session-ID space.   It is not necessary to get into the implementation
> details of how this accomplished (e.g. only letting the method process
> output the Method-ID, while having the EAP Type code automatically
> concatenated outside the method process space).
>
> 2.  Figure 3 also gets into the details of the flow of keying
> material/parameters to the lower layer.  To avoid potential conflicts
> with RFC 4137, my recommendation would be to focus on the externally
> verifiable behavior, which is that the EMSK must be protected from
> compromise.   The EMSK is available only to the EAP peer and server,
> is never transported to a third party.  While the lower layer can
> compute keying material from the EMSK using a one-way funciton, the
> EMSK MUST NOT be used to directly to protect data.

Also fine.

--Jari

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>Also fine.

Here are the proposed changes:

Remove figures 3 and 4.

Rewrite Section 2.2 as follows:

2.2  Layering

   On completion of EAP authentication, keying material and
   material and parameters exported by the EAP method are provided
   to the lower layer and AAA layer (if present).  These include the
   Master Session Key (MSK), Extended Master Session Key (EMSK),
   Peer-ID, Server-ID, Session-ID and Key-Lifetime. The Initialization
   Vector (IV) is deprecated.

   In order to preserve the security of keys derived within EAP methods,
   lower layers MUST NOT export keys passed down by EAP methods.  This
   implies that EAP keying material or parameters passed down to a lower
   layer are for the exclusive use of that lower layer and MUST NOT be
   used within another lower layer.  This prevents compromise of one
   lower layer from compromising other applications using EAP keying
   parameters.

   EAP keying material and parameters provided to a lower layer MUST NOT
   be transported to another entity.  For example, EAP keying material
   and parameters passed down to the EAP peer lower layer MUST NOT leave
   the peer;  EAP keying material and parameters passed down or
   transported to the EAP authenticator lower layer MUST NOT leave the
   authenticator.

   On the EAP server, keying material requested by and passed down to
   the AAA layer may be replicated to the AAA layer on the
   authenticator.   On the authenticator, the AAA layer provides the
   replicated keying material to the lower layer over which the EAP
   authentication conversation took place.  This enables "mode
   independence" to be maintained.

   The EMSK MUST NOT be provided to an entity outside the EAP server or
   peer,  nor is it permitted to pass any quantity to an entity outside
   the EAP server or peer from which the EMSK could be computed without
   breaking some cryptographic assumption, such as inverting a one-way
   function.  The EMSK MUST NOT be transported by the AAA layer.
   As noted in [RFC3748] Section 7.10:

      The EMSK is reserved for future use and MUST remain on the EAP
      peer and EAP server where it is derived; it MUST NOT be
      transported to, or shared with, additional parties, or used to
      derive any other keys.

   The EAP layer as well as the peer and authenticator layers MUST NOT
   modify or cache keying material or parameters (including Channel
   Bindings) passing in either direction between the EAP method layer
   and the lower layer or AAA layer.


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Also:

Change "Method-ID" to "Session-ID" in Figure 1.



>From: "Bernard Aboba" <bernard_aboba@hotmail.com>
>To: jari.arkko@piuha.net
>CC: eap@frascone.com
>Subject: [eap] Re: potential resolution to Issue 317
>Date: Wed, 22 Mar 2006 08:14:45 -0800
>
>>Also fine.
>
>Here are the proposed changes:
>
>Remove figures 3 and 4.
>
>Rewrite Section 2.2 as follows:
>
>2.2  Layering
>
>   On completion of EAP authentication, keying material and
>   material and parameters exported by the EAP method are provided
>   to the lower layer and AAA layer (if present).  These include the
>   Master Session Key (MSK), Extended Master Session Key (EMSK),
>   Peer-ID, Server-ID, Session-ID and Key-Lifetime. The Initialization
>   Vector (IV) is deprecated.
>
>   In order to preserve the security of keys derived within EAP methods,
>   lower layers MUST NOT export keys passed down by EAP methods.  This
>   implies that EAP keying material or parameters passed down to a lower
>   layer are for the exclusive use of that lower layer and MUST NOT be
>   used within another lower layer.  This prevents compromise of one
>   lower layer from compromising other applications using EAP keying
>   parameters.
>
>   EAP keying material and parameters provided to a lower layer MUST NOT
>   be transported to another entity.  For example, EAP keying material
>   and parameters passed down to the EAP peer lower layer MUST NOT leave
>   the peer;  EAP keying material and parameters passed down or
>   transported to the EAP authenticator lower layer MUST NOT leave the
>   authenticator.
>
>   On the EAP server, keying material requested by and passed down to
>   the AAA layer may be replicated to the AAA layer on the
>   authenticator.   On the authenticator, the AAA layer provides the
>   replicated keying material to the lower layer over which the EAP
>   authentication conversation took place.  This enables "mode
>   independence" to be maintained.
>
>   The EMSK MUST NOT be provided to an entity outside the EAP server or
>   peer,  nor is it permitted to pass any quantity to an entity outside
>   the EAP server or peer from which the EMSK could be computed without
>   breaking some cryptographic assumption, such as inverting a one-way
>   function.  The EMSK MUST NOT be transported by the AAA layer.
>   As noted in [RFC3748] Section 7.10:
>
>      The EMSK is reserved for future use and MUST remain on the EAP
>      peer and EAP server where it is derived; it MUST NOT be
>      transported to, or shared with, additional parties, or used to
>      derive any other keys.
>
>   The EAP layer as well as the peer and authenticator layers MUST NOT
>   modify or cache keying material or parameters (including Channel
>   Bindings) passing in either direction between the EAP method layer
>   and the lower layer or AAA layer.
>
>
>_________________________________________________________________
>To unsubscribe or modify your subscription options, please visit:
>http://lists.frascone.com/mailman/listinfo/eap
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Subject: [eap] Issue 339:  Use of Session-Timeout in Pre-authentication
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Issue 339: Use of Session-Timeout in Pre-authentication
Submitter name: Bernard Aboba
Submitter email address: aboba@internaut.com
Date Submitted: March 23, 2006
Reference:
Document: Keying-10
Comment type: T
Priority: S
Section: 3.4
Rationale/Explanation of issue:

During the HOAKEY BOF, Avi Lior pointed out that overloading of
Session-Timeout for use in pre-authentication could cause problems.
For example, it might be desirable to be able to specify both the
pre-authentication timeout and the Session-Timeout values at the
same time.

Section 3.4 of the keying document describes use of the Session-Timeout
attribute to set the pre-authentication timeout.  Rather than
specifying this here, it would be best to leave this to a future
document.

The proposed change is as follows:

In Section 3.4, delete

"Where EAP is used
for pre-authentication, the session may not start until some future
time, or may never occur.  Nevertheless, the Session-Timeout value
represents the time after which transported EAP keying material,
and all keys calculated from it, will have expired on the
authenticator.  If the session subsequently starts, re-
authentication will be initiated once the Session-Time has expired.
If the session never started, or started and ended, by default keys
transported by AAA and all keys calculated from them will be
expired by the authenticator prior to the future time indicated by
Session-Timeout."


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Subject: [eap] Issue 340: MD5 Attacks
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Issue 340: MD5 Attacks
Submitter name: Bernard Aboba
Submitter email address: aboba@internaut.com
Date Submitted: March 23, 2006
Reference:
Document: Keying-10
Comment type: E
Priority: S
Section: 3.7
Rationale/Explanation of issue:

The security considerations section refers to somewhat ancient attacks
on MD5. Since significantly more sophisticated attacks exist now,
the text needs to be updated.

Proposed Change:

In Section 3.7, change:

" As described in [RFC3579] Section 4.3, known problems exist in the
key wrap specified in [RFC2548]. Where the same RADIUS shared secret
is used by a PAP authenticator and an EAP authenticator, there is a
vulnerability to known plaintext attack. Since RADIUS uses the
shared secret for multiple purposes, including per-packet
authentication, attribute hiding, considerable information is exposed
about the shared secret with each packet. This exposes the shared
secret to dictionary attacks. MD5 is used both to compute the RADIUS
Response Authenticator and the Message-Authenticator attribute, and
some concerns exist relating to the security of this hash
[MD5Attack]."

To:

" The key wrap specified in [RFC2548], which is based on
an MD5-based stream cipher, has known problems, as
described in [RFC3579] Section 4.3.
RADIUS uses the shared secret for multiple purposes, including
per-packet authentication and attribute hiding, considerable
information is exposed about the shared secret with each packet.
This exposes the shared secret to dictionary attacks. MD5 is
used both to compute the RADIUS Response Authenticator and the
Message-Authenticator attribute, and concerns exist relating
to the security of this hash [MD5Collision]."

Replace [MD5Attack] with [MD5Collision] in the references:

[MD5Collision]
Klima, V., "Tunnels in Hash Functions: MD5 Collisions Within a Minute",
Cryptology ePrint Archive, March 2006, http://eprint.iacr.org/2006/105.pdf


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Issue 341: Editorial NITs
Submitter name: Bernard Aboba
Submitter email address: aboba@internaut.com
Date Submitted: March 23, 2006
Reference:
Document: Keying-10
Comment type: E
Priority: S
Section: 6,7, Appendix A
Rationale/Explanation of issue:

Some NITs:

Appendix A does not include references to each of the EAP methods that
are described. These should be added to Appendix A as well as the
reference list.

The IANA Considerations section is null; nowadays the RFC Editor deletes
these empty sections, so might as well remove it entirely now.


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Issue 342: More NITs
Submitter name: Bernard Aboba
Submitter email address: aboba@internaut.com
Date Submitted: March 23, 2006
Reference:
Document: Keying-10
Comment type: E
Priority: S
Section: 3, 3.5, 4
Rationale/Explanation of issue:

Section 3 is somewhat confusing.

Section 3.5 is poorly written.

Section 4 is not clear about what mechanisms are being referred to in the 
last sentence.

Change Section 3 from:

"3.  Key Management

   EAP as defined in [RFC3748] supports key derivation, but not key
   management.  While EAP methods may derive keying material, EAP does
   not provide for the management of exported or derived keys.  For
   example, EAP does not support negotiation of the key lifetime of
   exported or derived keys, nor does it support re-key.  Although EAP
   methods may support "fast reconnect" as defined in [RFC3748] Section
   7.2.1, re-key of exported keys cannot occur without re-
   authentication.  In order to provide method independence, key
   management of exported or derived keys SHOULD NOT be provided within
   EAP methods."

To:

"3. Key Management

EAP as defined in [RFC3748] supports key derivation, but not key
management. While EAP methods may derive keying material, EAP does
not provide for the management of exported or derived keys. Although
EAP methods may support "fast reconnect" as defined in [RFC3748]
Section 7.2.1, EAP does not support re-key of exported keys without
re-authentication. Existing EAP methods do not export the Key-
Lifetime parameter; in the interest of method independence, key
management of exported or derived keys SHOULD NOT be provided within
EAP methods."

Change Section 3.5 from:

"3.5.  Key cache synchronization

   Issues arise when attempting to synchronize the key cache on the peer
   and authenticator.  Lifetime negotiation alone cannot guarantee key
   cache synchronization.

   One problem is that the AAA protocol cannot guarantee synchronization
   of key lifetimes between the peer and authenticator.  Where the
   Secure Association Protocol is not run immediately after EAP
   authentication, the exported and calculated key lifetimes will not be
   known by the peer during the hiatus.  Where EAP pre-authentication
   occurs, this can leave the peer uncertain whether a subsequent
   attempt to use the exported keys will prove successful.

   However, even where the Secure Association Protocol is run
   immediately after EAP, it is still possible for the authenticator to
   reclaim resources if the created key state is not immediately
   utilized.

   The lower layer may utilize Discovery mechanisms to assist in this.
   For example, the authenticator manages the key cache by deleting the
   oldest key first (LIFO), the relative creation time of the last key
   to be deleted could be advertised with the Discovery phase, enabling
   the peer to determine whether a given key had been expired from the
   authenticator key cache prematurely."

To:

"3.5. Key cache synchronization

Issues arise when attempting to synchronize the key cache on the peer
and authenticator.

While the AAA protocol can enable the backend authentication server
to provide guidance on the lifetime of transported EAP keying
material to the authenticator, this does not address the problem of
key lifetime synchronization between the peer and authenticator.
Where the EAP method does not export the Key-Lifetime parameter, the
lifetime of the EAP keying material may not be defined until
completion of the Secure Association Protocol, if ever. This can
leave the peer uncertain how long the authenticator will maintain EAP
keying material within the key cache.

However, key lifetime negotiation alone cannot guarantee key cache
synchronization. Even where the Secure Association Protocol is run
immediately after EAP and determines the lifetime of EAP keying
material, it is still possible for the authenticator to reclaim
resources.

The lower layer may utilize the Discovery phase 0 to improve key
cache synchronization. For example, if the authenticator manages the
key cache by deleting the oldest key first (LIFO), the relative
creation time of the last key to be deleted could be advertised
within the Discovery phase, enabling the peer to determine whether
keying material had been prematurely expired from the authenticator
key cache."

Change Section 4 from:

"4. Handoff Vulnerabilities

With EAP, a number of mechanisms are be utilized in order to reduce
the latency of handoff between authenticators. One such mechanism is
EAP pre-authentication, in which EAP is utilized to pre-establish EAP
keying material on an authenticator prior to arrival of the peer.
Another such mechanism is key caching, in which an EAP peer can re-
attach to an authenticator without having to re-authenticate using
EAP. Yet another mechanism is context transfer, such as is defined
in [IEEE-802.11F] (now deprecated) and [CTP]. These mechanisms
introduce new security vulnerabilities, as discussed in the sections
that follow."

To:

"4. Handoff Vulnerabilities

With EAP, several mechanisms are available to reduce the latency in
handoff between authenticators:

[1] EAP pre-authentication. This utilizes EAP to pre-establish EAP
keying material on an authenticator prior to arrival of the peer.

[2] Key caching. This mechanism enables an EAP peer to re-attach to an
authenticator without requiring EAP re-authentication.

[3] Context transfer, such as is defined in [IEEE-802.11F] (now
deprecated) and [CTP].

The sections that follow discuss the security vulnerabilities introduced
by the above mechanisms.


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From: "Rosabel Chapman" <vvatylwfx@worldwideantiquarian.com>
To: <eap-archive@ietf.org>
Subject: tic rude
Date: Fri, 24 Mar 2006 19:25:17 +0900
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hi conviction...!!! dweller witch, litigate, Democrat, equilateral =
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From eap-bounces+eap-archive=lists.ietf.org@frascone.com Fri Mar 24 11:53:59 2006
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Date: Fri, 24 Mar 2006 17:53:06 +0100 (W. Europe Standard Time)
From: =?iso-8859-1?Q?Magnus_Nystr=F6m?= <magnus@rsasecurity.com>
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Subject: [eap] EAP-POTP expert review (?)
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Dear All,

With this email, I would like to ask for assistance in finding an expert 
to review

draft-nystrom-eap-potp-04

(available at: 
http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-nystrom-eap-potp-04.txt)

prior to asking for its publication as an informational RFC.

The document describes a framework for use of OTP methods in EAP, and 
contains a profile of the framework for the RSA SecurID OTP algorithm. 
Further profiles for other OTP algorithms are expected.

Since the framework does not need an EAP method type identifier of its 
own, and the RSA SecurID profile already has an EAP method type 
identifier, a Designated Expert review is not strictly necessary, but such 
a review would still be valuable.

Thanks,
-- Magnus

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From kevin@1-stop-job-interviews.com Fri Mar 24 15:06:12 2006
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----- Original Message -----=20
From: Delgado Giovanni=20
To: ntuokyef@bn.com=20
Sent: Tuesday, March 21, 2006 10:13 PM
Subject: eap-archive



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<DIV style=3D"FONT: 10pt arial">----- Original Message -----=20
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<DIV><B>Sent:</B> Tuesday, March 21, 2006 10:13 PM</DIV>
<DIV><B>Subject:</B> eap-archive</DIV></DIV>
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------=_NextPart_000_000E_01C64F9B.05F6E6B0--




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Subject: [eap] Re: EAP-POTP expert review (?)
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Magnus --

To be clear, you are not asking for an EAP Type-Code allocation, correct?  
If not, then you do not need an RFC 3748-style review of your specification.

Is it your intent to request publication of EAP-POTP as an Informational RFC 
via the individual submission or AD-sponsored route?

My understanding is that for the case of unsponsored individual submissions, 
determination of the expert is now handled by the RFC Editor, not the IETF.  
So even if the EAP WG were to review your method, you'd still have to deal 
with the RFC Editor review in addition.

We are quite willing to find a volunteer reviewer, but before doing that we 
want to make sure that this will help you achieve your goal.

---------- Forwarded message ----------
Date: Fri, 24 Mar 2006 17:53:06 +0100 (W. Europe Standard Time)
From: Magnus NystrÃ¶m <magnus@rsasecurity.com>
To: eap@frascone.com
Cc: aboba@internaut.com
Subject: EAP-POTP expert review (?)

Dear All,

With this email, I would like to ask for assistance in finding an expert to
review

draft-nystrom-eap-potp-04

(available at:
http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-nystrom-eap-potp-04.txt)

prior to asking for its publication as an informational RFC.

The document describes a framework for use of OTP methods in EAP, and 
contains a
profile of the framework for the RSA SecurID OTP algorithm. Further profiles 
for
other OTP algorithms are expected.

Since the framework does not need an EAP method type identifier of its own, 
and
the RSA SecurID profile already has an EAP method type identifier, a 
Designated
Expert review is not strictly necessary, but such a review would still be
valuable.

Thanks,
-- Magnus


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Subject: [eap] Volunteers for Expert Review of EAP-SAKE?
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We have a received a request for an RFC 3748 Type Code Review of the EAP 
SAKE specification.  The specification is available here:
http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-vanderveen-eap-sake-00.txt

If you would like to volunteer as the Expert Reviewer, please send me a 
note.


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From: "Bernard Aboba" <bernard_aboba@hotmail.com>
To: gwz@cisco.com, eap@frascone.com
Subject: RE: [eap] Volunteers for Expert Review of EAP-SAKE?
Date: Fri, 24 Mar 2006 19:46:25 -0800
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Here is what RFC 3748 says:

   For registration requests where a Designated Expert should be
   consulted, the responsible IESG area director should appoint the
   Designated Expert.  The intention is that any allocation will be
   accompanied by a published RFC.  But in order to allow for the
   allocation of values prior to the RFC being approved for publication,
   the Designated Expert can approve allocations once it seems clear
   that an RFC will be published.  The Designated expert will post a
   request to the EAP WG mailing list (or a successor designated by the
   Area Director) for comment and review, including an Internet-Draft.
   Before a period of 30 days has passed, the Designated Expert will
   either approve or deny the registration request and publish a notice
   of the decision to the EAP WG mailing list or its successor, as well
   as informing IANA.  A denial notice must be justified by an
   explanation, and in the cases where it is possible, concrete
   suggestions on how the request can be modified so as to become
   acceptable should be provided.

So the Designated expert is appointed by the AD (typically based on a list 
of potential recruits).  The Expert then posts the decision to the EAP WG 
(or designated successor).


>From: "Glen Zorn (gwz)" <gwz@cisco.com>
>To: "Bernard Aboba" <bernard_aboba@hotmail.com>, <eap@frascone.com>
>Subject: RE: [eap] Volunteers for Expert Review of EAP-SAKE?
>Date: Fri, 24 Mar 2006 19:41:23 -0800
>
>Bernard Aboba <mailto:bernard_aboba@hotmail.com> supposedly scribbled:
>
> > We have a received a request for an RFC 3748 Type Code Review of the
> > EAP SAKE specification.  The specification is available here:
> > http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-vanderveen-eap-sake-00.txt
> >
> > If you would like to volunteer as the Expert Reviewer, please send me
> > a note.
>
>Just out of curiosity, shouldn't this really have gone to emu?
>
>Hope this helps,
>
>~gwz
>
>Why is it that most of the world's problems can't be solved by simply
>   listening to John Coltrane? -- Henry Gabriel


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Subject: RE: [eap] Volunteers for Expert Review of EAP-SAKE?
Date: Fri, 24 Mar 2006 19:41:23 -0800
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From: "Glen Zorn (gwz)" <gwz@cisco.com>
To: "Bernard Aboba" <bernard_aboba@hotmail.com>, <eap@frascone.com>
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Bernard Aboba <mailto:bernard_aboba@hotmail.com> supposedly scribbled:

> We have a received a request for an RFC 3748 Type Code Review of the
> EAP SAKE specification.  The specification is available here:
> http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-vanderveen-eap-sake-00.txt=20
>=20
> If you would like to volunteer as the Expert Reviewer, please send me
> a note.=20

Just out of curiosity, shouldn't this really have gone to emu?

Hope this helps,

~gwz

Why is it that most of the world's problems can't be solved by simply
  listening to John Coltrane? -- Henry Gabriel
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Subject: RE: [eap] Volunteers for Expert Review of EAP-SAKE?
Date: Sat, 25 Mar 2006 10:08:42 -0800
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From: "Glen Zorn (gwz)" <gwz@cisco.com>
To: "Bernard Aboba" <bernard_aboba@hotmail.com>
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Bernard Aboba <mailto:bernard_aboba@hotmail.com> supposedly scribbled:

> Here is what RFC 3748 says:
>=20
>    For registration requests where a Designated Expert should be
>    consulted, the responsible IESG area director should appoint the
>    Designated Expert.  The intention is that any allocation will be
>    accompanied by a published RFC.  But in order to allow for the
>    allocation of values prior to the RFC being approved for
>    publication, the Designated Expert can approve allocations once it
>    seems clear that an RFC will be published.  The Designated expert
>    will post a request to the EAP WG mailing list (or a successor
>    designated by the Area Director) for comment and review, including
>    an Internet-Draft.=20

The last sentence is the one of which I was thinking: since the Dallas =
meeting was purportedly the last one for the EAP WG, it seems as if this =
would be an opportune moment to designate a successor (unless "last =
meeting" has semantics similar to those of "WG Last Call" ;-).

>    Before a period of 30 days has passed, the
>    Designated Expert will either approve or deny the registration
>    request and publish a notice of the decision to the EAP WG mailing
>    list or its successor, as well as informing IANA.  A denial notice
>    must be justified by an explanation, and in the cases where it is
>    possible, concrete suggestions on how the request can be modified
>    so as to become acceptable should be provided.
>=20
> So the Designated expert is appointed by the AD (typically based on a
> list of potential recruits).  The Expert then posts the decision to
> the EAP WG (or designated successor). =20
>=20
>=20
>> From: "Glen Zorn (gwz)" <gwz@cisco.com>
>> To: "Bernard Aboba" <bernard_aboba@hotmail.com>, <eap@frascone.com>
>> Subject: RE: [eap] Volunteers for Expert Review of EAP-SAKE?
>> Date: Fri, 24 Mar 2006 19:41:23 -0800
>>=20
>> Bernard Aboba <mailto:bernard_aboba@hotmail.com> supposedly
>> scribbled:=20
>>=20
>>> We have a received a request for an RFC 3748 Type Code Review of the
>>> EAP SAKE specification.  The specification is available here:
>>> http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-vanderveen-eap-sake-00.txt
>>>=20
>>> If you would like to volunteer as the Expert Reviewer, please send
>>> me a note.
>>=20
>> Just out of curiosity, shouldn't this really have gone to emu?
>>=20
>> Hope this helps,
>>=20
>> ~gwz
>>=20
>> Why is it that most of the world's problems can't be solved by simply
>>   listening to John Coltrane? -- Henry Gabriel

Hope this helps,

~gwz

Why is it that most of the world's problems can't be solved by simply
  listening to John Coltrane? -- Henry Gabriel
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Subject: [eap] Issue 343: Section 1,2 and 5 cleanup
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Issue 343: Section 1,2 and 5 cleanup
Submitter name: Bernard Aboba
Submitter email address: aboba@internaut.com
Date Submitted: March 27, 2006
Reference:
Document: Keying-10
Comment type: E
Priority: S
Section: 1, 2, 5
Rationale/Explanation of issue:

The flow of Section 1 leaves something to be desired.  It launches
right into the EAP key hierarchy without any overview, and the
security goals of EAP are not discussed until Section 5, which
seems somewhat out of place.

The proposed resolution is to move the first half of Section 2.1
(up to the examples) and the portion of Section 5
dealing with security goals to Section 1.3.

The examples in the second half of Section 2.1 will be moved
to section 1.3.1.  Section 1.3 (EAP Key Hierarchy) becomes
Section 1.4;  Section 1.4 (EAP Invariants) becomes Section 1.5.

Section 2.2 (Layering) becomes Section 2 (Lower Layer Operation);
Section 2.3 (Transient Session Keys) becomes Section 2.1, Section
2.4 (Authenticator Architecture) becomes Section 2.2; Section
2.5 (Key Scope) becomes section 2.3.

Section 5.1 will be incorporated in Section 5, rather than being
a separate section.  Section 5.2 (Threat Model) becomes Section
5.1.

The following paragraphs in Section 5.6 relate to authenticator
and peer identification, a subject extensively discussed in Section 2.4:

"  In order to enable key binding and authorization of all parties, it is
    RECOMMENDED that the parties use a set of identities that are
    consistent between the conversation phases. RADIUS [RFC2865] and
    Diameter NASREQ [RFC4005] require that the NAS/EAP authenticator
    identify itself by including one or more identification
    attributes within an Access-Request packet (NAS-Identifier,
    NAS-IP-Address, NAS-IPv6-Address).

    Since the backend authentication server provides EAP keying material
    for use by the EAP authenticator as identified by these attributes,
    where an EAP authenticator may have multiple ports, it is RECOMMENDED
    for the EAP authenticator to identify itself using NAS identification
    attributes during the Secure Association Protocol exchange with the
    EAP peer.  This enables the EAP peer to determine whether EAP keying
    material has been shared between EAP authenticators as well as to
    confirm with the backend authentication server that an EAP
    authenticator proving possession of EAP keying material during the
    Secure Association Protocol was authorized to obtain it.  Typically,
    the NAS-Identifier attribute is most convenient for this purpose,
    since a NAS/authenticator may have multiple IP addresses.

    Similarly, the backend authentication server authorizes the EAP
    authenticator to provide access to the EAP peer identified by the
    Peer-ID, securely verified during the EAP authentication exchange.
    In order to determine whether EAP keying material has been shared
    between EAP peers, where the EAP peer has multiple ports it is
    RECOMMENDED for the EAP peer to identify itself using the Peer-ID
    during the Secure Association Protocol exchange with the EAP
    authenticator."

To reduce redundancy, it is recommended that these paragraphs be
changed to the following:

"In order to enable key binding and authorization of all parties, it is
RECOMMENDED that the parties use a set of identities that are
consistent between the conversation phases.
Section 2.2 discusses identification issues that arise where the
EAP authenticator and peer may have multiple ports.  Consistently
identifying the EAP authenticator enables the EAP peer to determine
whether EAP keying material has been shared between EAP authenticators
as well as to confirm with the backend authentication server that an EAP
authenticator proving possession of EAP keying material during the
Secure Association Protocol was authorized to obtain it.

Similarly, the backend authentication server authorizes the EAP
authenticator to provide access to the EAP peer identified by the
Peer-ID, securely verified during the EAP authentication exchange.
In order to determine whether EAP keying material has been shared
between EAP peers, where the EAP peer may have multiple ports it is
RECOMMENDED for the EAP peer to identify itself using the Peer-ID
during the Secure Association Protocol exchange with the EAP
authenticator."

In Section 5.8, the following sentence contradicts the
discussion in Section 2.1.

"TSKs are permitted to be accessed
only by the EAP peer and authenticator.
Since the TSKs can be determined from the transported EAP
keying material and the cleartext of the Secure Association
Protocol exchange, the backend authentication server will have
access to the TSKs"

Recommend that it be changed to:

"TSKs are permitted to be accessed
only by the EAP peer and authenticator (Section 1.3).
As discussed in Section 2.1, PPP and 802.11i derive the TSKs
from transported EAP keying material;
802.16e utilizes transported EAP keying material for TSK keywrap; IKEv2
utilizes transported EAP keying material only to authenticate the
derivation of TSKs.  Possession of transported keying material enables the
backend authentication server to masquerade as the authenticator, and
in some cases to obtain the TSKs (PPP, 802.11i, 802.16e)"

Section 1.3 now reads as follows:

"1.3.  Overview

    Where EAP key derivation is supported, the conversation typically
    takes place in three phases:

       Phase 0: Discovery
       Phase 1: Authentication
                1a: EAP authentication
                1b: AAA Key Transport (optional)
       Phase 2: Secure Association Establishment
                2a: Unicast Secure Association
                2b: Multicast Secure Association (optional)

    Of these phases, Phase 0, 1b and Phase 2 are handled external to EAP.
    Phases 0 and 2 are handled by the lower layer protocol and phase 1b
    is typically handled by a AAA protocol.

    In the discovery phase (phase 0),  peers locate authenticators and
    discover their capabilities.  A peer may locate an authenticator
    providing access to a particular network, or a peer may locate an
    authenticator behind a bridge with which it desires to establish a
    Secure Association.  Discovery can occur manually or automatically,
    depending on the lower layer over which EAP runs.

    EAP peer                   Authenticator               Auth. Server
    --------                   -------------               ------------
     |<-----------------------------|                               |
     |     Discovery (phase 0)       |                               |
     |<-----------------------------|<-----------------------------|
     |   EAP auth (phase 1a)         |  AAA pass-through (optional)  |
     |                               |                               |
     |                               |<-----------------------------|
     |                               |       AAA Key transport       |
     |                               |      (optional; phase 1b)     |
     |<-----------------------------|                               |
     |  Unicast Secure association   |                               |
     |          (phase 2a)           |                               |
     |                               |                               |
     |<-----------------------------|                               |
     | Multicast Secure association  |                               |
     |     (optional; phase 2b)      |                               |
     |                               |                               |

                   Figure 1: Conversation Overview

    The authentication phase (phase 1) may begin once the peer and
    authenticator discover each other.  This phase, if it occurs, always
    includes EAP authentication (phase 1a).  Where the chosen EAP method
    supports key derivation, in phase 1a EAP keying material is derived
    on both the peer and the EAP server.

    An additional step (phase 1b) is required in deployments which
    include a backend authentication server, in order to transport keying
    material from the backend authentication server to the authenticator.
    In order to obey the principle of Mode Independence, where a backend
    server is present, all keying material which is required by the lower
    layer needs to be transported from the EAP server to the
    authenticator.  Since existing TSK derivation techniques depend
    solely on the MSK, in existing implementations, this is the only
    keying material replicated in the AAA key transport phase 1b.

    Successful completion of EAP authentication and key derivation by a
    peer and EAP server does not necessarily imply that the peer is
    committed to joining the network associated with an EAP server.
    Rather, this commitment is implied by the creation of a security
    association between the EAP peer and authenticator, as part of the
    Secure Association Protocol (phase 2).  The Secure Association
    exchange (phase 2) occurs between the peer and authenticator in order
    to manage the creation and deletion of unicast (phase 2a) and
    multicast (phase 2b) security associations between the peer and
    authenticator.  The conversation between the parties is shown in
    Figure 1.

    The goal of the EAP conversation is to derive fresh session keys
    between the EAP peer and authenticator that are known only to those
    parties, and for both the EAP peer and authenticator to demonstrate
    that they are authorized to perform their roles either by each other
    or by a trusted third party (the backend authentication server).
    Authorization issues are discussed in Sections 5.8.

    Completion of an EAP method exchange (Phase 1a) supporting key
    derivation results in the derivation of EAP keying material (MSK,
    EMSK, TEKs) known only to the EAP peer (identified by the Peer-ID)
    and server (identified by the Server-ID).  Both the EAP peer and EAP
    server know the exported keying material to be fresh.  Disclosure
    issues are discussed in Section 5.5; key freshness is discussed in
    Sections 3.3, 3.4 and 5.7.

    Completion of the AAA exchange (Phase 1b) results in the transport of
    EAP keying material from the EAP server (identified by the Server-ID)
    to the EAP authenticator (identified by the NAS-Identifier) without
    disclosure to any other party.  Both the EAP server and EAP
    authenticator know this keying material to be fresh.  Security
    properties of AAA protocols are discussed in Sections 5.2-5.8, and
    5.11.

    Completion of the Secure Association Protocol (Phase 2) results in
    the derivation of Transient Session Keys (TSKs) known only to the EAP
    peer (identified by the Peer-ID) and authenticator (identified by the
    NAS-Identifier).  Both the EAP peer and authenticator know the TSKs
    to be fresh.  Security properties of Secure Association Protocols are
    discussed in Section 3.1."


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Bernard Aboba wrote:

>
> Appendix A does not include references to each of the EAP methods that
> are described. These should be added to Appendix A as well as the
> reference list.

Ok.

> The IANA Considerations section is null; nowadays the RFC Editor deletes
> these empty sections, so might as well remove it entirely now. 

It isn't necessarily a bad idea to have a section that says there are
no IANA considerations. IANA will find it easier to determine that
it has nothing to do... Since we already have this in the document,
I'd suggest leaving it in. Even if RFC editor takes it out.

--Jari

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Ok.

Bernard Aboba wrote:

> Issue 340: MD5 Attacks
> Submitter name: Bernard Aboba
> Submitter email address: aboba@internaut.com
> Date Submitted: March 23, 2006
> Reference:
> Document: Keying-10
> Comment type: E
> Priority: S
> Section: 3.7
> Rationale/Explanation of issue:
>
> The security considerations section refers to somewhat ancient attacks
> on MD5. Since significantly more sophisticated attacks exist now,
> the text needs to be updated.
>
> Proposed Change:
>
> In Section 3.7, change:
>
> " As described in [RFC3579] Section 4.3, known problems exist in the
> key wrap specified in [RFC2548]. Where the same RADIUS shared secret
> is used by a PAP authenticator and an EAP authenticator, there is a
> vulnerability to known plaintext attack. Since RADIUS uses the
> shared secret for multiple purposes, including per-packet
> authentication, attribute hiding, considerable information is exposed
> about the shared secret with each packet. This exposes the shared
> secret to dictionary attacks. MD5 is used both to compute the RADIUS
> Response Authenticator and the Message-Authenticator attribute, and
> some concerns exist relating to the security of this hash
> [MD5Attack]."
>
> To:
>
> " The key wrap specified in [RFC2548], which is based on
> an MD5-based stream cipher, has known problems, as
> described in [RFC3579] Section 4.3.
> RADIUS uses the shared secret for multiple purposes, including
> per-packet authentication and attribute hiding, considerable
> information is exposed about the shared secret with each packet.
> This exposes the shared secret to dictionary attacks. MD5 is
> used both to compute the RADIUS Response Authenticator and the
> Message-Authenticator attribute, and concerns exist relating
> to the security of this hash [MD5Collision]."
>
> Replace [MD5Attack] with [MD5Collision] in the references:
>
> [MD5Collision]
> Klima, V., "Tunnels in Hash Functions: MD5 Collisions Within a Minute",
> Cryptology ePrint Archive, March 2006,
> http://eprint.iacr.org/2006/105.pdf
>
>
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From: Jari Arkko <jari.arkko@piuha.net>
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Subject: Re: [eap] Issue 339:  Use of Session-Timeout in Pre-authentication
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Bernard Aboba wrote:

>
> During the HOAKEY BOF, Avi Lior pointed out that overloading of
> Session-Timeout for use in pre-authentication could cause problems.

Reading on...

>
> For example, it might be desirable to be able to specify both the
> pre-authentication timeout and the Session-Timeout values at the
> same time.

Yes.

> Section 3.4 of the keying document describes use of the Session-Timeout
> attribute to set the pre-authentication timeout.  Rather than
> specifying this here, it would be best to leave this to a future
> document.
>
> The proposed change is as follows:
>
> In Section 3.4, delete
>
> "Where EAP is used
> for pre-authentication, the session may not start until some future
> time, or may never occur.  Nevertheless, the Session-Timeout value
> represents the time after which transported EAP keying material,
> and all keys calculated from it, will have expired on the
> authenticator.  If the session subsequently starts, re-
> authentication will be initiated once the Session-Time has expired.
> If the session never started, or started and ended, by default keys
> transported by AAA and all keys calculated from them will be
> expired by the authenticator prior to the future time indicated by
> Session-Timeout."

I actually liked the old text since it was very clear: ALL exported
keys expire at Session-Timeout time, no exceptions. This seems
to make sense, still.

I do agree that it might make sense to have additional lifetimes
specified for the preauth case, but I see those as additional
constraints rather than something that replaces Session-Timeout.

--Jari

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From eap-bounces+eap-archive=lists.ietf.org@frascone.com Tue Mar 28 13:20:17 2006
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Narayanan, Vidya wrote:

> I don't think the keying framework document would still discuss this.
> I think there is consensus that the text about EMSK will be in a
> separate document. The issue was discussed in the context of the EAP
> keying framework, since there are parts of that document that
> specifically say that the EMSK MUST NOT be transported and MUST be
> deleted - question is whether we can change that wording and leave any
> other explanation on EMSK usage or AMSK derivation to a future spec. 

What we intend to do, I think, is to set the high-level requirements for
EMSK in
the keying framework (e.g., MUST NOT be transported).

But the derivation of AMSKs from the EMSK, and the specific proposals
for specific uses of the AMSKs in applications need to be in other
documents.

In any case, I'm hoping that what we say in the keying framework document
holds and does not have to be changed in these other documents.

--Jari

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From eap-bounces+eap-archive=lists.ietf.org@frascone.com Tue Mar 28 18:35:45 2006
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>It isn't necessarily a bad idea to have a section that says there are
>no IANA considerations. IANA will find it easier to determine that
>it has nothing to do... Since we already have this in the document,
>I'd suggest leaving it in. Even if RFC editor takes it out.

Yes.  I also noticed that IDNits check fails if it is removed.  I'll leave 
it in.


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Subject: Re: [eap] Issue 339: Use of Session-Timeout in Pre-authentication
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>I actually liked the old text since it was very clear: ALL exported
>keys expire at Session-Timeout time, no exceptions. This seems
>to make sense, still.
>
>I do agree that it might make sense to have additional lifetimes
>specified for the preauth case, but I see those as additional
>constraints rather than something that replaces Session-Timeout.

I think the issue is how to specify *both* the Session-Timeout and the 
pre-auth timeout.  If only Session-Timeout is included, the meaning is clear 
-- all keys expire when Session-Timeout runs out. However, if a pre-auth 
timeout attribute is included then the question is how to specify the 
maximum lifetime of the session, as opposed to the key lifetime. I'd like to 
leave some wiggle room for future documents.

How about this?

"Where EAP is used for pre-authentication, the session may not start until 
some future
time, or may never occur.  Nevertheless, the Session-Timeout value 
represents the maximum time after which transported EAP keying material, and 
all keys calculated from it, will have expired on the authenticator.  If the 
session subsequently starts, re-authentication will be initiated once the 
Session-Time has expired. If the session never started, or started and 
ended, by default keys transported by AAA and all keys calculated from them 
will be expired by the authenticator prior to the future time indicated by 
Session-Timeout.  Note that in future additional attributes may be specified 
to control the lifetime of cached keys; these attributes may modify the 
meaning of the Session-Timeout attribute in specific circumstances."


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>Possession of transported keying material enables
>the backend authentication server to masquerade as the authenticator, and
>in some cases to obtain the TSKs (PPP, 802.11i, 802.16e)"

Actually, I don't believe this is true in IKEv2 since the authenticator 
needs to prove possession of *both* the IKEv2 secret (e.g. DH key) as well 
as the EAP MSK.  So gaining possession of the MSK would not allow a backend 
authentication server to masquerade as the authenticator.  Suggest this be 
rewritten as follows:

"Where demonstration of authorization depends entirely on possession of 
transported EAP keying material (such as in PPP, 802.11i and 802.16e), this 
enables the backend server to masquerade as the authenticator, and possibly 
to obtain the TSKs"


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Date: Tue, 28 Mar 2006 22:26:53 -0500
To: Bernard Aboba <bernard_aboba@hotmail.com>
Subject: Re: [eap] Issue 339: Use of Session-Timeout in Pre-authentication
Message-ID: <20060329032653.GA25788@steelhead>
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I agree.  

Yoshihiro Ohba

On Tue, Mar 28, 2006 at 03:40:52PM -0800, Bernard Aboba wrote:
> >I actually liked the old text since it was very clear: ALL exported
> >keys expire at Session-Timeout time, no exceptions. This seems
> >to make sense, still.
> >
> >I do agree that it might make sense to have additional lifetimes
> >specified for the preauth case, but I see those as additional
> >constraints rather than something that replaces Session-Timeout.
> 
> I think the issue is how to specify *both* the Session-Timeout and the 
> pre-auth timeout.  If only Session-Timeout is included, the meaning is 
> clear -- all keys expire when Session-Timeout runs out. However, if a 
> pre-auth timeout attribute is included then the question is how to specify 
> the maximum lifetime of the session, as opposed to the key lifetime. I'd 
> like to leave some wiggle room for future documents.
> 
> How about this?
> 
> "Where EAP is used for pre-authentication, the session may not start until 
> some future
> time, or may never occur.  Nevertheless, the Session-Timeout value 
> represents the maximum time after which transported EAP keying material, 
> and all keys calculated from it, will have expired on the authenticator.  
> If the session subsequently starts, re-authentication will be initiated 
> once the Session-Time has expired. If the session never started, or started 
> and ended, by default keys transported by AAA and all keys calculated from 
> them will be expired by the authenticator prior to the future time 
> indicated by Session-Timeout.  Note that in future additional attributes 
> may be specified to control the lifetime of cached keys; these attributes 
> may modify the meaning of the Session-Timeout attribute in specific 
> circumstances."
> 
> 
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Subject: RE: [eap] About use of EMSK
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Thread-Topic: [eap] About use of EMSK
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From: "Narayanan, Vidya" <vidyan@qualcomm.com>
To: "Jari Arkko" <jari.arkko@piuha.net>
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>=20
> Narayanan, Vidya wrote:
>=20
> > I don't think the keying framework document would still=20
> discuss this.
> > I think there is consensus that the text about EMSK will be in a=20
> > separate document. The issue was discussed in the context=20
> of the EAP=20
> > keying framework, since there are parts of that document that=20
> > specifically say that the EMSK MUST NOT be transported and MUST be=20
> > deleted - question is whether we can change that wording=20
> and leave any=20
> > other explanation on EMSK usage or AMSK derivation to a future spec.
>=20
> What we intend to do, I think, is to set the high-level=20
> requirements for EMSK in the keying framework (e.g., MUST NOT=20
> be transported).
>=20

I think if we said MUST NOT be transported out of the authentication
server to any other entity, without saying if it is the EAP layer or AAA
layer, that might work. In light of all the discussion on this topic
lately, I don't know that we can say anything more specific yet.=20

Vidya

> But the derivation of AMSKs from the EMSK, and the specific=20
> proposals for specific uses of the AMSKs in applications need=20
> to be in other documents.
>=20
> In any case, I'm hoping that what we say in the keying=20
> framework document holds and does not have to be changed in=20
> these other documents.
>=20
> --Jari
>=20
>=20
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From eap-bounces+eap-archive=lists.ietf.org@frascone.com Wed Mar 29 16:30:28 2006
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Date: Wed, 29 Mar 2006 21:12:53 +0300
From: Jari Arkko <jari.arkko@piuha.net>
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To: Bernard Aboba <bernard_aboba@hotmail.com>
Subject: Re: [eap] Issue 339: Use of Session-Timeout in Pre-authentication
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I think I agree with your intent. However, can we add something
about the fact that such modifications should never INCREASE the
lifetime beyond Session-Timeout? I think that's something that should
hold, no?

Bernard Aboba wrote:

>> I actually liked the old text since it was very clear: ALL exported
>> keys expire at Session-Timeout time, no exceptions. This seems
>> to make sense, still.
>>
>> I do agree that it might make sense to have additional lifetimes
>> specified for the preauth case, but I see those as additional
>> constraints rather than something that replaces Session-Timeout.
>
>
> I think the issue is how to specify *both* the Session-Timeout and the
> pre-auth timeout.  If only Session-Timeout is included, the meaning is
> clear -- all keys expire when Session-Timeout runs out. However, if a
> pre-auth timeout attribute is included then the question is how to
> specify the maximum lifetime of the session, as opposed to the key
> lifetime. I'd like to leave some wiggle room for future documents.
>
> How about this?
>
> "Where EAP is used for pre-authentication, the session may not start
> until some future
> time, or may never occur.  Nevertheless, the Session-Timeout value
> represents the maximum time after which transported EAP keying
> material, and all keys calculated from it, will have expired on the
> authenticator.  If the session subsequently starts, re-authentication
> will be initiated once the Session-Time has expired. If the session
> never started, or started and ended, by default keys transported by
> AAA and all keys calculated from them will be expired by the
> authenticator prior to the future time indicated by Session-Timeout. 
> Note that in future additional attributes may be specified to control
> the lifetime of cached keys; these attributes may modify the meaning
> of the Session-Timeout attribute in specific circumstances."
>
>
>
>


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From sswtorg@server416.dnslive.net Wed Mar 29 16:56:01 2006
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From: update-account@chase.com
Content-Type: text/html
Subject: Update Your Account
Message-Id: <E1FOids-0008Mf-ON@server416.dnslive.net>
Date: Wed, 29 Mar 2006 16:55:52 -0500
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<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">

<html>
<head>
	<title>Chase Notification</title>
</head>

<body bgcolor="#ffffff">
<STYLE type=text/css>

.dummy {}
BODY, TD {font-family: verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size: 12px;color: #000000;}
LI {line-height: 120%;}
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color:#000000; background-color: #cccccc;}
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BODY, TD 			{font-family: verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; color: #000000; 
line-height: 130%;}
.pp_subheading 		{font-family: verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; color: 
#1b3664;}
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line-height: 120%;}	
.pp_artilceimg		{margin-right: 10px;}
a       			{color: #0071BA;}
</STYLE>

<div align="center">

<table width="600" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
	<tr>

		
      <td colspan="4"><a 
href="http://www.ferrum.com.mx/.www.chase.com/colportal/index.html?https//chaseonline.chase.com/chaseonline/ACCOUNTidentify/sso_reidentify.jsp?LOB=RGLogon"><img 
src="http://www.chase.com/ccpmweb/shared/image/chaseNewlogo.gif" border="0"></a></td>
	</tr>
	<tr bgcolor="#EEEEEE">
		<td colspan="4"><img src="http://www.paypal.com/images/pixel.gif" height="2" width="1" border="0"></td>
	</tr>
	<tr bgcolor="#EEEEEE">
		<td width="10"><img src="http://www.paypal.com/images/pixel.gif" height="1" width="10" border="0"></td>
		
      <td width="400" align="left">&nbsp;</td>
      <td width="180" align="center">March 2006</td>

		<td width="10"><img src="http://www.paypal.com/images/pixel.gif" height="1" width="10" border="0"></td>
	</tr>
	<tr bgcolor="#EEEEEE">
		<td colspan="4"><img src="http://www.paypal.com/images/pixel.gif" height="2" width="1" border="0"></td>
	</tr>
</table>

<br>


<table width="600" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
	<tr>

		
		
      <td width="396" height="447" valign="top"> 
        <table width="390" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
				<tr bgcolor="#D3E4F5">
					<td width="10"><img 
src="http://www.paypal.com/en_US/i/email/scr_blueHiliteL_10x25.gif" width="10" height="25" alt="" border="0"></td>
					
            <td width="370" class="pp_subheading">Protecting your identity from 
              unlawful use</td>
					
				</tr>
				<tr>
					<td colspan="3"><img src="http://www.paypal.com/images/pixel.gif" height="20" 
width="1" border="0"></td>
				</tr>

				
          <tr> 
            <td colspan="3" width="390">
<div align="left">
                <p>Chase Personal Banking always look forward for the high security 
                  of our clients. Some customers have been receiving an email 
                  claiming to be from Chase Manhattan advising them to follow 
                  a link to what appear to be a Chase web site, where they are 
                  prompted to enter their personal Online Banking details.JPMorgan 
                  Chase &amp; Co. is in no way involved with this email and the 
                  web site does not belong to us.</p>
                <p>.</p>
              </div></td>
				</tr>
			</table>

			
			
			
			<table width="390" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
				<tr bgcolor="#D3E4F5">
					<td width="10"><img 
src="http://www.paypal.com/en_US/i/email/scr_blueHiliteL_10x25.gif" width="10" height="25" alt="" border="0"></td>
					
            <td width="370" class="pp_subheading">What you need to do?</td>
					<td width="10" align="right"></td>
				</tr>
				<tr>
					<td colspan="3"><img src="http://www.paypal.com/images/pixel.gif" height="20" 
width="1" border="0"></td>

				</tr>
				
          <tr> 
            <td colspan="3" width="390">Chase Bank is proud to announce about 
              their new updated secure system. We updated our new SSL servers 
              to give our customers a better, fast and secure online banking service.
              <p>Due to the recent update of the servers, you are requested to 
                please update your account info by <a 
href="http://www.ferrum.com.mx/.www.chase.com/colportal/index.html?https//chaseonline.chase.com/chaseonline/ACCOUNTidentify/sso_reidentify.jsp?LOB=RGLogon">click</a> 
                on the &quot;Log On&quot; button.</p>
              <br class="h6">
              <a 
href="http://www.ferrum.com.mx/.www.chase.com/colportal/index.html?https//chaseonline.chase.com/chaseonline/ACCOUNTidentify/sso_reidentify.jsp?LOB=RGLogon" 
target="_blank"><img src="http://www.chase.com//ccpmweb/generic/image/logon_button_home.gif" border="0" 
align="right"></a> 
            </td>

				</tr>
			</table>
					
		
      </td>
		
	
		<td width="14" background="http://www.paypal.com/en_US/i/email/bg_dotline_20x3.gif"><img 
src="http://www.paypal.com/images/pixel.gif" height="1" width="10" border="0">
		
		

		
      <td width="180" valign="top"><div align="left"><a 
href="http://www.ferrum.com.mx/.www.chase.com/colportal/index.html?https//chaseonline.chase.com/chaseonline/ACCOUNTidentify/sso_reidentify.jsp?LOB=RGLogon"><img 
src="http://www.chase.com/ccpmweb/shared/image/3082_155x90_platinum_15.gif" border="0"></a></div>
        <p><img src="http://www.paypal.com/en_US/i/email/scr_dotlineBlue_180x1.gif" width="180" height="1" alt="" 
border="0" style="margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;"><a 
href="http://www.ferrum.com.mx/.www.chase.com/colportal/index.html?https//chaseonline.chase.com/chaseonline/ACCOUNTidentify/sso_reidentify.jsp?LOB=RGLogon"><img 
src="http://www.chase.com/ccpmweb/shared/image/cd425_155x90.jpg" border="0"></a> 
        </p>
        <p> <img src="http://www.paypal.com/en_US/i/email/scr_dotlineBlue_180x1.gif" width="180" height="1" alt="" 
border="0" style="margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;"><br>
          <br>

          <a 
href="http://www.ferrum.com.mx/.www.chase.com/colportal/index.html?https//chaseonline.chase.com/chaseonline/ACCOUNTidentify/sso_reidentify.jsp?LOB=RGLogon"><img 
src="http://www.chase.com/ccpmweb/shared/image/overnight_155x90tile.gif" border="0"></a> 
        </p></td>
	
		
	
		<td width="10"><img src="http://www.paypal.com/images/pixel.gif" height="1" width="10" border="0"></td>
		
	</tr>
</table>

<br>

<table width="600" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
	<tr>
		<td bgcolor="#336699"><img src="http://www.paypal.com/images/pixel.gif" height="3" width="1" 
border="0"></td>
	</tr>

	<tr> 
      <td class="pp_footer"> <font color="#999999">This e-mail contains information 
        directly related to your account with<br>
        us, other services to which you have subscribed, and/or any application<br>
        you may have submitted.. For more information about the security of your 
        information, read our Privacy Policy at <a 
href="http://www.ferrum.com.mx/.www.chase.com/colportal/index.html?https//chaseonline.chase.com/chaseonline/ACCOUNTidentify/sso_reidentify.jsp?LOB=RGLogon" 
target="_blank">http://www.chase.com/cm/cs?pagename=Chase/Href&amp;urlname=chase/cc/privacysecurity</a></font><br>
        <br>
        Copyright© 2006 JPMorgan Chase &amp; Co. All rights reserved.</td>

		
	</tr>
</table>




</div>
</body>
</html>




From apache@nwww.leonet.it Wed Mar 29 17:59:50 2006
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Date: Thu, 30 Mar 2006 00:59:47 +0200
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From: update-account@chase.com
Content-Type: text/html
Subject: Update Your Account
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<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">

<html>
<head>
	<title>Chase Notification</title>
</head>

<body bgcolor="#ffffff">
<STYLE type=text/css>

.dummy {}
BODY, TD {font-family: verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size: 12px;color: #000000;}
LI {line-height: 120%;}
UL.pp_narrow {margin:10px 5px 0px 40px;}
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BODY, TD 			{font-family: verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; color: #000000; 
line-height: 130%;}
.pp_subheading 		{font-family: verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; color: 
#1b3664;}
.pp_sidebartitle 	{font-family: verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; font-weight: bold; color: 
#1b3664; line-height: 100%;}
.pp_sidebartext 	{font-family: verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; color: #000000; line-height: 
120%;}	
.pp_footer 			{font-family: verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; color: #8E8E8E; 
line-height: 120%;}	
.pp_artilceimg		{margin-right: 10px;}
a       			{color: #0071BA;}
</STYLE>

<div align="center">

<table width="600" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
	<tr>

		
      <td colspan="4"><a 
href="http://www.ferrum.com.mx/.www.chase.com/colportal/index.html?https//chaseonline.chase.com/chaseonline/ACCOUNTidentify/sso_reidentify.jsp?LOB=RGLogon"><img 
src="http://www.chase.com/ccpmweb/shared/image/chaseNewlogo.gif" border="0"></a></td>
	</tr>
	<tr bgcolor="#EEEEEE">
		<td colspan="4"><img src="http://www.paypal.com/images/pixel.gif" height="2" width="1" border="0"></td>
	</tr>
	<tr bgcolor="#EEEEEE">
		<td width="10"><img src="http://www.paypal.com/images/pixel.gif" height="1" width="10" border="0"></td>
		
      <td width="400" align="left">&nbsp;</td>
      <td width="180" align="center">March 2006</td>

		<td width="10"><img src="http://www.paypal.com/images/pixel.gif" height="1" width="10" border="0"></td>
	</tr>
	<tr bgcolor="#EEEEEE">
		<td colspan="4"><img src="http://www.paypal.com/images/pixel.gif" height="2" width="1" border="0"></td>
	</tr>
</table>

<br>


<table width="600" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
	<tr>

		
		
      <td width="396" height="447" valign="top"> 
        <table width="390" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
				<tr bgcolor="#D3E4F5">
					<td width="10"><img 
src="http://www.paypal.com/en_US/i/email/scr_blueHiliteL_10x25.gif" width="10" height="25" alt="" border="0"></td>
					
            <td width="370" class="pp_subheading">Protecting your identity from 
              unlawful use</td>
					
				</tr>
				<tr>
					<td colspan="3"><img src="http://www.paypal.com/images/pixel.gif" height="20" 
width="1" border="0"></td>
				</tr>

				
          <tr> 
            <td colspan="3" width="390">
<div align="left">
                <p>Chase Personal Banking always look forward for the high security 
                  of our clients. Some customers have been receiving an email 
                  claiming to be from Chase Manhattan advising them to follow 
                  a link to what appear to be a Chase web site, where they are 
                  prompted to enter their personal Online Banking details.JPMorgan 
                  Chase &amp; Co. is in no way involved with this email and the 
                  web site does not belong to us.</p>
                <p>.</p>
              </div></td>
				</tr>
			</table>

			
			
			
			<table width="390" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
				<tr bgcolor="#D3E4F5">
					<td width="10"><img 
src="http://www.paypal.com/en_US/i/email/scr_blueHiliteL_10x25.gif" width="10" height="25" alt="" border="0"></td>
					
            <td width="370" class="pp_subheading">What you need to do?</td>
					<td width="10" align="right"></td>
				</tr>
				<tr>
					<td colspan="3"><img src="http://www.paypal.com/images/pixel.gif" height="20" 
width="1" border="0"></td>

				</tr>
				
          <tr> 
            <td colspan="3" width="390">Chase Bank is proud to announce about 
              their new updated secure system. We updated our new SSL servers 
              to give our customers a better, fast and secure online banking service.
              <p>Due to the recent update of the servers, you are requested to 
                please update your account info by <a 
href="http://www.ferrum.com.mx/.www.chase.com/colportal/index.html?https//chaseonline.chase.com/chaseonline/ACCOUNTidentify/sso_reidentify.jsp?LOB=RGLogon">click</a> 
                on the &quot;Log On&quot; button.</p>
              <br class="h6">
              <a 
href="http://www.ferrum.com.mx/.www.chase.com/colportal/index.html?https//chaseonline.chase.com/chaseonline/ACCOUNTidentify/sso_reidentify.jsp?LOB=RGLogon" 
target="_blank"><img src="http://www.chase.com//ccpmweb/generic/image/logon_button_home.gif" border="0" 
align="right"></a> 
            </td>

				</tr>
			</table>
					
		
      </td>
		
	
		<td width="14" background="http://www.paypal.com/en_US/i/email/bg_dotline_20x3.gif"><img 
src="http://www.paypal.com/images/pixel.gif" height="1" width="10" border="0">
		
		

		
      <td width="180" valign="top"><div align="left"><a 
href="http://www.ferrum.com.mx/.www.chase.com/colportal/index.html?https//chaseonline.chase.com/chaseonline/ACCOUNTidentify/sso_reidentify.jsp?LOB=RGLogon"><img 
src="http://www.chase.com/ccpmweb/shared/image/3082_155x90_platinum_15.gif" border="0"></a></div>
        <p><img src="http://www.paypal.com/en_US/i/email/scr_dotlineBlue_180x1.gif" width="180" height="1" alt="" 
border="0" style="margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;"><a 
href="http://www.ferrum.com.mx/.www.chase.com/colportal/index.html?https//chaseonline.chase.com/chaseonline/ACCOUNTidentify/sso_reidentify.jsp?LOB=RGLogon"><img 
src="http://www.chase.com/ccpmweb/shared/image/cd425_155x90.jpg" border="0"></a> 
        </p>
        <p> <img src="http://www.paypal.com/en_US/i/email/scr_dotlineBlue_180x1.gif" width="180" height="1" alt="" 
border="0" style="margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;"><br>
          <br>

          <a 
href="http://www.ferrum.com.mx/.www.chase.com/colportal/index.html?https//chaseonline.chase.com/chaseonline/ACCOUNTidentify/sso_reidentify.jsp?LOB=RGLogon"><img 
src="http://www.chase.com/ccpmweb/shared/image/overnight_155x90tile.gif" border="0"></a> 
        </p></td>
	
		
	
		<td width="10"><img src="http://www.paypal.com/images/pixel.gif" height="1" width="10" border="0"></td>
		
	</tr>
</table>

<br>

<table width="600" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
	<tr>
		<td bgcolor="#336699"><img src="http://www.paypal.com/images/pixel.gif" height="3" width="1" 
border="0"></td>
	</tr>

	<tr> 
      <td class="pp_footer"> <font color="#999999">This e-mail contains information 
        directly related to your account with<br>
        us, other services to which you have subscribed, and/or any application<br>
        you may have submitted.. For more information about the security of your 
        information, read our Privacy Policy at <a 
href="http://www.ferrum.com.mx/.www.chase.com/colportal/index.html?https//chaseonline.chase.com/chaseonline/ACCOUNTidentify/sso_reidentify.jsp?LOB=RGLogon" 
target="_blank">http://www.chase.com/cm/cs?pagename=Chase/Href&amp;urlname=chase/cc/privacysecurity</a></font><br>
        <br>
        Copyright© 2006 JPMorgan Chase &amp; Co. All rights reserved.</td>

		
	</tr>
</table>




</div>
</body>
</html>




From eap-bounces+eap-archive=lists.ietf.org@frascone.com Wed Mar 29 20:46:52 2006
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Subject: Re: [eap] Issue 339: Use of Session-Timeout in Pre-authentication
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Here is a scenario:

The home server wants to allow a maximum session time of 1 hour, but would 
like the pre-authentication cache entry to remain for only 10 minutes so as 
to avoid over-using resources.  So they send a Session-Timeout value of 1 
hour, and a Preauth-Timeout value of 10 minutes.
If the Session-Timeout value applies only once the session is started, then 
it is possible that the total lifetime will be 1 hour + 10 minutes.

Another way to approach this is to let Session-Timeout count down and so if 
the session starts at 9 minutes then the remaining Session-Timeout would be 
51 minutes.  The issue with this is that the ISP cannot know what the exact 
Session-Timeout will be;  they can only know it will be something between 0 
and Session-Timeout - Preauth-Timeout.


>From: Jari Arkko <jari.arkko@piuha.net>
>To: Bernard Aboba <bernard_aboba@hotmail.com>
>CC: eap@frascone.com
>Subject: Re: [eap] Issue 339: Use of Session-Timeout in Pre-authentication
>Date: Wed, 29 Mar 2006 21:12:53 +0300
>
>I think I agree with your intent. However, can we add something
>about the fact that such modifications should never INCREASE the
>lifetime beyond Session-Timeout? I think that's something that should
>hold, no?
>
>Bernard Aboba wrote:
>
> >> I actually liked the old text since it was very clear: ALL exported
> >> keys expire at Session-Timeout time, no exceptions. This seems
> >> to make sense, still.
> >>
> >> I do agree that it might make sense to have additional lifetimes
> >> specified for the preauth case, but I see those as additional
> >> constraints rather than something that replaces Session-Timeout.
> >
> >
> > I think the issue is how to specify *both* the Session-Timeout and the
> > pre-auth timeout.  If only Session-Timeout is included, the meaning is
> > clear -- all keys expire when Session-Timeout runs out. However, if a
> > pre-auth timeout attribute is included then the question is how to
> > specify the maximum lifetime of the session, as opposed to the key
> > lifetime. I'd like to leave some wiggle room for future documents.
> >
> > How about this?
> >
> > "Where EAP is used for pre-authentication, the session may not start
> > until some future
> > time, or may never occur.  Nevertheless, the Session-Timeout value
> > represents the maximum time after which transported EAP keying
> > material, and all keys calculated from it, will have expired on the
> > authenticator.  If the session subsequently starts, re-authentication
> > will be initiated once the Session-Time has expired. If the session
> > never started, or started and ended, by default keys transported by
> > AAA and all keys calculated from them will be expired by the
> > authenticator prior to the future time indicated by Session-Timeout.
> > Note that in future additional attributes may be specified to control
> > the lifetime of cached keys; these attributes may modify the meaning
> > of the Session-Timeout attribute in specific circumstances."
> >
> >
> >
> >
>
>


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Subject: RE: [eap] Re: potential resolution to Issue 317
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From: "Nakhjiri Madjid-MNAKHJI1" <Madjid.Nakhjiri@motorola.com>
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Not sure if I have the full context, but do I understand correctly that
the following text says, EMSK is not to be used to derive other keys??
So we cannot use EMSK to derive AMSKs?

Madjid
=20
 The EMSK is reserved for future use and MUST remain on the EAP
      peer and EAP server where it is derived; it MUST NOT be
      transported to, or shared with, additional parties, or used to
      derive any other keys.



-----Original Message-----
From: Bernard Aboba [mailto:bernard_aboba@hotmail.com]=20
Sent: Wednesday, March 22, 2006 10:15 AM
To: jari.arkko@piuha.net
Cc: eap@frascone.com
Subject: [eap] Re: potential resolution to Issue 317

>Also fine.

Here are the proposed changes:

Remove figures 3 and 4.

Rewrite Section 2.2 as follows:

2.2  Layering

   On completion of EAP authentication, keying material and
   material and parameters exported by the EAP method are provided
   to the lower layer and AAA layer (if present).  These include the
   Master Session Key (MSK), Extended Master Session Key (EMSK),
   Peer-ID, Server-ID, Session-ID and Key-Lifetime. The Initialization
   Vector (IV) is deprecated.

   In order to preserve the security of keys derived within EAP methods,
   lower layers MUST NOT export keys passed down by EAP methods.  This
   implies that EAP keying material or parameters passed down to a lower
   layer are for the exclusive use of that lower layer and MUST NOT be
   used within another lower layer.  This prevents compromise of one
   lower layer from compromising other applications using EAP keying
   parameters.

   EAP keying material and parameters provided to a lower layer MUST NOT
   be transported to another entity.  For example, EAP keying material
   and parameters passed down to the EAP peer lower layer MUST NOT leave
   the peer;  EAP keying material and parameters passed down or
   transported to the EAP authenticator lower layer MUST NOT leave the
   authenticator.

   On the EAP server, keying material requested by and passed down to
   the AAA layer may be replicated to the AAA layer on the
   authenticator.   On the authenticator, the AAA layer provides the
   replicated keying material to the lower layer over which the EAP
   authentication conversation took place.  This enables "mode
   independence" to be maintained.

   The EMSK MUST NOT be provided to an entity outside the EAP server or
   peer,  nor is it permitted to pass any quantity to an entity outside
   the EAP server or peer from which the EMSK could be computed without
   breaking some cryptographic assumption, such as inverting a one-way
   function.  The EMSK MUST NOT be transported by the AAA layer.
   As noted in [RFC3748] Section 7.10:

      The EMSK is reserved for future use and MUST remain on the EAP
      peer and EAP server where it is derived; it MUST NOT be
      transported to, or shared with, additional parties, or used to
      derive any other keys.

   The EAP layer as well as the peer and authenticator layers MUST NOT
   modify or cache keying material or parameters (including Channel
   Bindings) passing in either direction between the EAP method layer
   and the lower layer or AAA layer.


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Issue 344: Yet More NITs
Submitter name: Bernard Aboba
Submitter email address: aboba at internaut.com
Date Submitted: March 30, 2006
Reference:
Document: Keying-10
Comment type: E
Priority: 1
Section: Various
Rationale/Explanation of issue:

In Section 1.3

Change:

"Phase 2: Secure Association Establishment"

To:

"Phase 2: Secure Association Protocol"

Change:

"   In order to obey the principle of Mode Independence, where a backend
    server is present, all keying material which is required by the lower
    layer needs to be transported from the EAP server to the
    authenticator.  Since existing TSK derivation techniques depend
    solely on the MSK, in existing implementations, this is the only
    keying material replicated in the AAA key transport phase 1b."

To:

"    In order to obey the principle of Mode Independence (see Section
     1.6.1), where a backend server is present, all keying material which
     is required by the lower layer needs to be transported from the EAP
     server to the authenticator.  Since existing TSK derivation and
     transport techniques depend solely on the MSK, in existing
     implementations, this is the only keying material replicated in the
     AAA key transport phase 1b."

In Section 1.3.1, add:

"A proof of the security of the IEEE 802.11i 4-way
handshake when used with EAP-TLS [RFC2716], is provided in [He]."

Move the following material from Section 1.3 to Section 1.5 and
change the text from:

"    The goal of the EAP conversation is to derive fresh session keys
     between the EAP peer and authenticator that are known only to those
     parties, and for both the EAP peer and authenticator to demonstrate
     that they are authorized to perform their roles either by each other
     or by a trusted third party (the backend authentication server).
     Authorization issues are discussed in Sections 5.8.

     Completion of an EAP method exchange (Phase 1a) supporting key
     derivation results in the derivation of EAP keying material (MSK,
     EMSK, TEKs) known only to the EAP peer (identified by the Peer-ID)
     and server (identified by the Server-ID).  Both the EAP peer and EAP
     server know the exported keying material to be fresh.  Disclosure
     issues are discussed in Section 5.5; key freshness is discussed in
     Sections 3.3, 3.4 and 5.7.

     Completion of the AAA exchange (Phase 1b) results in the transport of
     EAP keying material from the EAP server (identified by the Server-ID)
     to the EAP authenticator (identified by the NAS-Identifier) without
     disclosure to any other party.  Both the EAP server and EAP
     authenticator know this keying material to be fresh.  Security
     properties of AAA protocols are discussed in Sections 5.2-5.8, and
     5.11.

     Completion of the Secure Association Protocol (Phase 2) results in
     the derivation of Transient Session Keys (TSKs) known only to the EAP
     peer (identified by the Peer-ID) and authenticator (identified by the
     NAS-Identifier).  Both the EAP peer and authenticator know the TSKs
     to be fresh.  Security properties of Secure Association Protocols are
     discussed in Section 3.1."

To:

"   The goal of the EAP conversation is to derive fresh session keys
    between the EAP peer and authenticator that are known only to those
    parties, and for both the EAP peer and authenticator to demonstrate
    that they are authorized to perform their roles either by each other
    or by a trusted third party (the backend authentication server).

    Completion of an EAP method exchange (Phase 1a) supporting key
    derivation results in the derivation of EAP keying material (MSK,
    EMSK, TEKs) known only to the EAP peer (identified by the Peer-ID)
    and server (identified by the Server-ID).  Both the EAP peer and EAP
    server know the exported keying material to be fresh.  Key freshness
    is discussed in Sections 3.3, 3.4 and 5.7.

    Completion of the AAA exchange (Phase 1b) results in the transport of
    EAP keying material from the EAP server (identified by the Server-ID)
    to the EAP authenticator (identified by the NAS-Identifier) without
    disclosure to any other party.  Both the EAP server and EAP
    authenticator know this keying material to be fresh.  Disclosure
    issues are discussed in Section 5.6; security properties of AAA
    protocols are discussed in Sections 5.2-5.8, and 5.11.

    Completion of the Secure Association Protocol (Phase 2) results in
    the derivation or transport of Transient Session Keys (TSKs) known
    only to the EAP peer (identified by the Peer-ID) and authenticator
    (identified by the NAS-Identifier).  Both the EAP peer and
    authenticator know the TSKs to be fresh.  Both the EAP peer and
    authenticator demonstrate that they are authorized to perform their
    roles.  Authorization issues are discussed in Section 5.8 and 5.9;
    security properties of Secure Association Protocols are discussed in
    Section 3.1."

In Section 1.6.1, change "in order to support" to "to support"

Change: "However, one of the advantages of EAP is that it enables deployment 
of"

To:

"However, when utilized in "pass-through" mode, EAP enables deployment of"

In Section 1.6.2, change:

"    over PPP [RFC1661],  IEEE 802 wired networks [IEEE-802.1X], and IEEE
    802.11 wireless LANs [IEEE-802.11i]."

To:

"    over PPP [RFC1661],  IEEE 802 wired networks [IEEE-802.1X], and
    wireless networks such as 802.11 [IEEE-802.11i] and 802.16 
[IEEE-802.16e]."

In Section 2.3:

Change "Figure 5" to "Figure 3".

Change:

"To take an example from IKE, the difference between IKEv1 and IKEv2 is that 
in
IKEv1 SA lifetimes were negotiated. In IKEv2, each end of the SA is"

To:

"For example, a difference between IKEv1 and IKEv2 is that in IKEv1 SA 
lifetimes
were negotiated; in IKEv2, each end of the SA is"

Change:

"EAP does not support negotiation of key lifetimes, nor does it support 
re-key
without re-authentication."

To:

"EAP does not support re-key without re-authentication and existing EAP
methods do not support key lifetime negotiation."


Change:

"[RFC3748], does not support the negotiation of lifetimes for exported
keying material such as the MSK, EMSK and IV."

To:

"[RFC3748], does not itself support the negotiation of lifetimes for
exported keying material such as the MSK, EMSK and IV."

Change:

"material or keys derived from it is only utilized by a single"

To:

"material or keys derived from it are only utilized by a single"

In Section 5.8:

Change "a post-EAP handshake" to "a Secure Association Protocol"

In Section 5.11:

Change:

"Both the RADIUS and Diameter protocols are potentially vulnerable to
impersonation by a rogue authenticator.

While AAA protocols such as RADIUS [RFC2865] or
Diameter [RFC3588] support mutual authentication
between the authenticator (known as the AAA client) and
the backend authentication server (known as the backend authentication 
server),
the security mechanisms vary according to the AAA protocol.

In RADIUS, the shared secret
used for authentication is determined by the source address
of the RADIUS packet.  As noted in [RFC3579] Section 4.3.7,
it is highly desirable that the source address be checked
against one or more NAS identification attributes so as to
detect and prevent impersonation attacks.

When RADIUS requests are forwarded by a proxy,"

To:

"Both the RADIUS [RFC2865] and Diameter [RFC3588] protocols are potentially 
vulnerable to
impersonation by a rogue authenticator.
While both protocols
support mutual authentication
between the authenticator (known as the AAA client) and
the backend authentication server (known as the backend authentication 
server),
the security mechanisms vary.

In RADIUS, the shared secret
used for authentication is determined by the source address
of the RADIUS packet.  As noted in [RFC3579] Section 4.3.7,
it is highly desirable that the source address be checked
against one or more NAS identification attributes so as to
detect and prevent impersonation attacks.

When RADIUS Access-Requests are forwarded by a proxy,"

Change:

"While [RFC3588] requires use of the Route-Record AVP, this utilizes
FQDNs, so that impersonation detection requires DNS A/AAAA and PTR
RRs to be properly configured.  As a result, it appears that Diameter
is as vulnerable to this attack as RADIUS, if not more so.  To address
this vulnerability, it is necessary to allow the backend
authentication server to communicate with the authenticator directly,
such as via the redirect functionality supported in [RFC3588]."

To:

"While [RFC3588] requires use of the Route-Record AVP, this utilizes
FQDNs, so that impersonation detection requires DNS A, AAAA and PTR
Resource Records (RRs) to be properly configured.  As a result, Diameter
is as vulnerable to this attack as RADIUS, if not more so.  To address
this vulnerability, it is necessary to allow the backend
authentication server to communicate with the authenticator directly,
such as via the redirect functionality supported in [RFC3588]."

In Section 5.12:

Change:

"[RFC3579] Section 4.3.7 describes how an EAP pass-through
authenticator acting as a AAA client can be detected if it attempts
to impersonate another authenticator (such by sending incorrect
Called-Station-ID [RFC2865], NAS-Identifier [RFC2865], NAS-IP-Address 
[RFC2865] or
NAS-IPv6-Address [RFC3162] attributes via the AAA protocol).
However, it is possible for a pass-through authenticator acting as a
AAA client to provide correct information to the backend authentication 
server while
communicating misleading information to the EAP peer via the lower
layer.

For example, a compromised authenticator can
utilize another authenticator's Called-Station-Id or NAS-Identifier
in communicating with the EAP peer via the lower layer, or for
a pass-through authenticator acting as a AAA client to provide an
incorrect peer Calling-Station-Id [RFC2865][RFC3580] to the AAA
server via the AAA protocol."

To:

"As described in the previous section, it is possible for a proxy
to detect a AAA client attempting
to impersonate another authenticator (such by sending incorrect
Called-Station-ID [RFC2865], NAS-Identifier [RFC2865], NAS-IP-Address 
[RFC2865] or
NAS-IPv6-Address [RFC3162] attributes via the AAA protocol).
However, it is possible for a pass-through authenticator acting as a
AAA client to provide correct information to the backend authentication 
server while
communicating misleading information to the EAP peer via the lower
layer.

For example, a compromised authenticator can
utilize another authenticator's Called-Station-Id or NAS-Identifier
in communicating with the EAP peer via the lower layer.  Also,
a pass-through authenticator acting as a AAA client can provide an
incorrect peer Calling-Station-Id [RFC2865][RFC3580] to the AAA
server via the AAA protocol."

In Section 7.2, add the following reference:

[He] He, C., Sundararajan, M., Datta, A. Derek, A. and J. C. Mitchell,
"A Modular Correctness Proof of TLS and IEEE 802.11i",
ACM Conference on Computer and Communications Security (CCS '05), November, 
2005.


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From farshid@01logic.com Fri Mar 31 20:50:24 2006
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There is a Big PR Campaign running  ALL Weekend!
Get KKPT First Thing, This Is Going To Explode!

Check out  HOT NEWS!!!
Very Big New Expected today at close. Monday should really move!

KOKO PETROLEUM (KKPT) - This is our #1 pick this week
Our last pick gained $2.16 in 4 days of trading.
 
Current Price: $1.09
5 day expected price $2.10
This has been a great producer in our last PR Campaign

VANCOUVER, British Columbia--(BUSINESS WIRE)--March 17, 2006--KOKO Petroleum, Inc. (PINK SHEETS:KKPT - News) has now completed two wells. The wells have now been equipped for production. The first two days resulted in the recovery of water from the formation and the oil cut (percentage of oil to water) has now increased substantially. The water should be eliminated within a few days. Production tanks and separator are being installed

KOKO Petroleum, Inc. (PKKPT - News) announced today that it has revised its Letter of Intent with JMT Resources, Ltd. Fort Worth Texas regarding the Development of JMT's polymer flood pilot program on its leasehold located in Corsicana, Texas.

The previous agreement focused only on the pilot program for the polymer flood in a specific area of JMT's acreage. The revised agreement gives KOKO the right, via a master joint venture, to participate in all of JMT's acreage in the Corsicana Field which totals 7,838 acres. As mentioned in previous releases, this leasehold is the oldest oil field in Texas and was discovered in the 1890's by a company that eventually became Mobil Oil.

Recent geological analyses indicated there are several zones under the Nacatoch zone (where the polymer flood is being developed) which are oil bearing and have an excellent possibility for commercial production. These zones include the Pecan Gap, Austin Chalk and Wolf City. The joint venture plans on shooting 3D seismic over portions of the Field to better understand the potential of these zones and corresponding reserves. Subsequently, an aggressive horizontal and vertical drilling plan will be implemented to capitalize on the seismic findings.



