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Thread-Topic: ISSUE:  EAP-Keying section 1.2
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    Submitter name: Joe salowey
    Submitter email address: jsalowey@cisco.com
    Date first submitted: 4/30/2006
    Reference:=20
    Document: Keying Framework
    Comment type: 'E'ditorial
    Priority: '1' Should fix=20
    Section: 1.2
    Rationale/Explanation of issue:
    It seems that EAP Session-ID/Method-ID should be define here

    Requested change:

    Add Definition for EAP Session-ID/Method-ID
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Submitter name: Joe Salowey
Submitter email address: jsalowey@cisco.com
Date first submitted: 4/30/2006
Reference:=20
Document: Keying Framework
Comment type: 'T'echnical
Priority: '1' Should fix=20
Section: 1.4
Rationale/Explanation of issue:

This document defines both session and Method ID.  It seems that it
would be sufficient and less confusing to define only one called the
session ID. =20

Suggested definition:

"Session-Id

   The Session-Id uniquely identifies an EAP session between an EAP peer
   (as identified by the Peer-Id) and server (as identified by the
   Server-Id).  The EAP Session-Id consists of the concatenation of the
   Expanded EAP Type Code (including the Type, Vendor-Id and Vendor-Type
   fields defined in [RFC3748] Section 5.7) and the temporally
   unique identifier obtained from the method.  This unique identifier
is=20
   typically constructed from nonces
   or counters used within the EAP method exchange.  The
   inclusion of the Expanded Type Code in the EAP Session-Id ensures
   that each EAP method has a distinct Session-Id space.  Since an EAP
   session is not bound to a particular authenticator or specific ports
   on the peer and authenticator, the authenticator port or identity are
   not included in the Session-Id."

Replace references to method-ID with Session-ID.

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Submitter name: Joe Salowey=09
Submitter email address: jsalowey@cisco.com
Date first submitted:=20
Reference:=20
Document: Keying Framework
Comment type: 'E'ditorial
Priority: '1' Should fix=20
Section: Section 1.4
Rationale/Explanation of issue:
Length description of problem  =20

This section contains text that seem to indicate that an EAP method has
access to certain data for authorization.  While this may be true in
some cases this is not generally true.

Suggested revision:



"As illustrated in Figure 2, the EAP method key derivation has at the
   root the long term credential utilized by the selected EAP method.
   If authentication is based on a pre-shared key, the parties store the
   EAP method to be used and the pre-shared key.  The EAP server also
   stores the peer's identity as well as additional information. This
information is typically used outside of the EAP method to determine if
access to
   some service should be granted. The peer stores information necessary
   to choose which secret to use for which service.

   If authentication is based on proof of possession of the private key
   corresponding to the public key contained within a certificate, the
   parties store the EAP method to be used and the trust anchors used to
   validate the certificates.  The EAP server may also store additional
information associated with the peer's
   identity and the peer stores information necessary to choose which
   certificate to use for which service."

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Submitter name: Joe Salowey
Submitter email address: jsalowey@cisco.com
Date first submitted: 04/30/06
Reference:=20
Document: Keying Framework
Comment type: 'E'ditorial
Priority:  '2' May fix=20
Section: 1.6.4
Rationale/Explanation of issue:

Section 3.7 implies that there is a system level coordination between
the strength of the keys exported by the EAP method and the strength of
keys required by the lower layer.=20

This section should reference this and indicate that the coordination is
done outside of EAP. =20

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Subject: [eap] Proposed Resolution to Issues 351, 353, 354, 355
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The following keying framework issues were submitted in EAP WG last call:

Issue 351: Incomplete EAP Pre-authentication Discussion
Issue 353:  Definition of Session-Id/Method-Id
Issue 354:  Method-Id and Session-Id
Issue 355:  Data Associated with Authentication

The full text of these issues is available here:
http://www.drizzle.com/~aboba/EAP/eapissues.html

The proposed resolution of these issues is to ACCEPT the proposed changes.  
A version of the EAP keying framework document with these changes reflected 
is available here:

http://www.drizzle.com/~aboba/EAP/draft-ietf-eap-keying-13.txt


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The text of Issue 356 is given below.

Section 3.7 says the following:

"In order to guard against brute force attacks, EAP methods supporting key 
derivation
need to be capable of generating keying material with an appropriate
effective symmetric key strength.  In order to ensure that EAP key
generation is not the weakest link, it is RECOMMENDED that EAP methods
utilizing public key cryptography choose a public key that has a
cryptographic strength meeting the symmetric key strength requirement."

The text is accurate as far as it goes, but it occurs to me that this is not 
the complete story.  Even if the EAP keying material is of sufficient 
strength, attacks on the transient session keys might still be possible.  
For example in IKEv2, EAP is not used for key derivation, just 
authentication; key derivation is handled by IKEv2 (e.g. DH).  If IKEv2 does 
not negotiate adequate strength for the key derivation (e.g. 512-bit key for 
DH) the TSKs will be weak regardless of how strong the EAP keying material 
is, since the MSK is only used for authentication, not key derivation.  
Similarly in 802.16 the TSKs are generated purely by the Base Station.  If 
BS does not have a good random number generator, it would be possible to 
crack the TSKs without having to brute force the EAP keying material.  So in 
both the IKEv2 and 802.16 cases, strong EAP keying material is necessary, 
but not sufficient to ensure strong TSKs.

Given this, I am wondering what text is appropriate relating to "system 
level coordination" in Section 1.6.4.  I think we can say that the strength 
of the EAP keying material should not be less than the strength of the 
desired TSKs.  But I'm not clear what we can say about "coordination" beyond 
that.

Can someone suggest text?

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Issue 356: Ciphersuite Independence
Submitter name: Joe Salowey
Submitter email address: jsalowey@cisco.com
Date Submitted: April 30, 2006
Reference: http://lists.frascone.com/pipermail/eap/msg04223.html
Document: KEYING-12
Comment type: 'E'ditorial
Priority: '2' May fix
Section: 1.6.4
Rationale/Explanation of issue:

Section 3.7 implies that there is a system level coordination between
the strength of the keys exported by the EAP method and the strength of
keys required by the lower layer.

This section should reference this and indicate that the coordination is
done outside of EAP.


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The text of Issue 352 is shown below.

The suggested substitute text is ok as far as it goes.

As I read the referenced document, it requires changes to EAP methods, much 
the same as the transportation approach does.  The peer and server have to 
negotiate what channel bindings are mixed in with the keying material, 
effectively producing "mixed" MSKs/EMSKs.   Since the EAP method is really 
just outputing an MSK/EMSK as usual (albeit with channel bindings mixed in), 
no new AAA attributes or communication flow is required.

Did I read the document correctly?
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Issue 352: Channel Binding Issue
Submitter name: Yoshihiro Ohba
Submitter email address: yohba@tari.toshiba.com
Date Submitted: April 25, 2006
Reference: http://lists.frascone.com/pipermail/eap/msg04216.html
Document: Keying-12
Comment type: T
Priority: 1
Section: 5.11
Rationale/Explanation of issue:

Reference [I-D.draft-ohba-eap-aaakey-binding] should be obsoleted by
its successor, i.e., [I-D.draft-ohba-eap-channel-binding] which
provides more generic, complete and extensible way of channel binding.
Note that pre-configuration of the parameter set on AS is an important
property to achieve Channel Binding in 3-party key management.

Change:

"  It is also possible to achieve Channel Bindings without transporting
   data over EAP.  For example, see [I-D.draft-ohba-eap-aaakey-binding].
   In this approach the authenticator informs the backend server about
   the Channel Binding parameters using AAA, and the backend server
   calculates transported keying material based on this parameter set,
   making it impossible for the peer and authenticator to complete the
   Secure Association Protocol if there was a mismatch in the
   parameters."

to:

"  It is also possible to achieve Channel Bindings without
   transporting data over EAP.  For example, see
   [I-D.draft-ohba-eap-channel-binding].  In this approach the backend
   server calculates transported keying material based on the
   parameter set pre-configured for the authenticator, making it
   impossible for the peer and authenticator to complete the Secure
   Association Protocol if there was a mismatch in the parameters."


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    Submitter name: Vidya Narayanan
    Submitter email address: vidyan@qualcomm.com
    Date first submitted: 5/01/2006
    Reference:=20
    Document: Keying Framework
    Comment type: 'T'echnical
    Priority: '1' Should fix=20
    Section: 1.2
    Rationale/Explanation of issue: The document defines channel binding
as a communication within an EAP method - this seems a bit restrictive,
given that channel binding information could be carried out-of-band as
well. The only requirement is that the information be integrity
protected between the peer and server.=20
   =20
    Requested change:
Change wording to:=20

"The communication of integrity-protected
     channel properties such as endpoint identifiers which can be
     compared to values communicated via out of band mechanisms (such as
     via a AAA or lower layer protocol)."
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    Submitter name: Vidya Narayanan
    Submitter email address: vidyan@qualcomm.com
    Date first submitted: 5/01/2006
    Reference:=20
    Document: Keying Framework
    Comment type: 'E'ditorial
    Priority: '2' May fix=20
    Section: 1.2
    Rationale/Explanation of issue:=20
Given that the term AAA-Key is not used elsewhere in the document, it
would be good to add a sentence clarifying that the definition is
provided as a clarification to the terminology used in older documents
and that it is no longer used. =20
   =20
    Requested change:

Add to AAA-Key definition:=20

"This term is no longer used to refer to the MSK in this document."
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    Submitter name: Vidya Narayanan
    Submitter email address: vidyan@qualcomm.com
    Date first submitted: 5/01/2006
    Reference:=20
    Document: Keying Framework
    Comment type: 'E'ditorial
    Priority: 'S' Must fix=20
    Section: 1.4
    Rationale/Explanation of issue:=20
Typo in Server-Id paragraph=20
   =20
    Requested change:

s/method-specific peer identity/method-specific server identity/
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    Submitter name: Vidya Narayanan
    Submitter email address: vidyan@qualcomm.com
    Date first submitted: 5/01/2006
    Reference:=20
    Document: Keying Framework
    Comment type: 'T'echnical
    Priority: '1' Should fix=20
    Section: 2
    Rationale/Explanation of issue:=20
The section says "The EMSK MUST NOT be transported by the AAA layer."
Given that the EMSK usage is currently undefined, it is not clear if it
will be the AAA layer that derives further keys from the EMSK. In fact,
doing so will create disparate behavior at the peer and server, since
the peer does not have a AAA layer. Although this topic is pending
discussion, it seems restrictive to say MUST NOT here. It does make
sense, however, to say that the EMSK MUST NOT be transported to
additional parties. =20
   =20
    Requested change:

Delete the sentence "The EMSK MUST NOT be transported by the AAA layer".

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    Submitter name: Vidya Narayanan
    Submitter email address: vidyan@qualcomm.com
    Date first submitted: 5/01/2006
    Reference:=20
    Document: Keying Framework
    Comment type: 'T'echnical
    Priority: '2' May fix=20
    Section: 3.3
    Rationale/Explanation of issue:=20
This section states "When keying material exported by EAP methods
expires,  all keying
   material derived from the exported keying material expires, including
   the TSKs." This seems to indicate that the keys derived from the EMSK
will also be expired when the EMSK expires. It is not yet clear if this
would apply to all kinds of keys derived from the EMSK. There may be
classes of keys derived from the EMSK for which different lifetime
guidelines apply. So, it may be good to clarify that the EMSK usage
documents will specify the guidelines for EMSK-based child keys.=20
   =20
    Requested change:

Change=20

"When keying material exported by EAP methods expires,  all keying
   material derived from the exported keying material expires, including
   the TSKs."=20

to=20

"When keying material exported by EAP methods expires,  all keying
   material derived from the exported keying material expires, including
   the TSKs. Note that different lifetime guidelines may be specified in
future specifications for EMSK-based child keys."
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Please take the time and fill out the survey below.  This will
help us run the IETF meetings more effectively, and ensure that
your requirements are heard.

>-----Original Message-----
>From: ext Ray Pelletier [mailto:rpelletier@isoc.org] Sent: 01 May, 2006 
>18:25
>To: wgchairs@ietf.org
>Subject: IETF Meeting Survey
>
>All;
>It has been suggested that if I really wanted to get feedback on the 
>Meeting Survey (and I do)  I should have it forwarded by the WG Chairs to 
>the working groups - so this is a request that you ask members of the 
>working groups to complete a short survey that focuses primarily, but not 
>exclusively, on their meeting experience in Dallas.
>
>I truly want the info to make the changes members of the community want, if 
>possible and greatly appreciate your assistance in this regard.
>
>Those interested in taking the survey can find it at:
>http://www.surveymonkey.com/s.asp?u=649182049947
>
>Thanks
>Ray Pelletier
>IETF Admininstrative Director


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How about this?

"Since multiple keys may be transported by AAA, the term is
potentially confusing and is not used in this document."

-----------------------------------------------------------------------
Issue 358: AAA-Key
Submitter name: Vidya Narayanan
Submitter email address: vidyan@qualcomm.com
Date Submitted: May 1, 2006
Reference: http://lists.frascone.com/pipermail/eap/msg04228.html
Document: KEYING-12
Comment type: 'E'ditorial
Priority: '2' May fix
Section: 1.2
Rationale/Explanation of issue:

Given that the term AAA-Key is not used elsewhere in the document, it
would be good to add a sentence clarifying that the definition is
provided as a clarification to the terminology used in older documents
and that it is no longer used.

Requested change:

Add to AAA-Key definition:

"This term is no longer used to refer to the MSK in this document."


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I propose we accept the proposed change.  Any objections?

-------------------------------------------------------------------
Issue 359: Typo
Submitter name: Vidya Narayanan
Submitter email address: vidyan@qualcomm.com
Date Submitted: May 1, 2006
Reference: http://lists.frascone.com/pipermail/eap/msg04229.html
Document: KEYING-12
Comment type: 'E'ditorial
Priority: 'S' Must fix
Section: 1.4
Rationale/Explanation of issue:

Typo in Server-Id paragraph

    Requested change:

s/method-specific peer identity/method-specific server identity/


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Since EMSK sharing is prohibited elsewhere in the document, the text to be 
deleted is redundant at best.  Any objections to accepting the proposed 
change?

---------------------------------------------------------------------
Issue 360: EMSK Transport
Submitter name: Vidya Narayanan
Submitter email address: vidyan@qualcomm.com
Date Submitted: May 1, 2006
Reference: http://lists.frascone.com/pipermail/eap/msg04230.html
Document: KEYING-12
Comment type: 'T'echnical
Priority: '1' Should fix
Section: 2
Rationale/Explanation of issue:

The section says "The EMSK MUST NOT be transported by the AAA layer."
Given that the EMSK usage is currently undefined, it is not clear if it
will be the AAA layer that derives further keys from the EMSK. In fact,
doing so will create disparate behavior at the peer and server, since
the peer does not have a AAA layer. Although this topic is pending
discussion, it seems restrictive to say MUST NOT here. It does make
sense, however, to say that the EMSK MUST NOT be transported to
additional parties.

    Requested change:

Delete the sentence "The EMSK MUST NOT be transported by the AAA layer".


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Subject: [eap] Re: issue 361: child key expiry
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One of the unstated threat model assumptions is that any key can be 
compromised over a sufficient period of time.  This includes the exported 
keys (MSK, EMSK).  So the question is: if the MSK or EMSK are considered 
"stale" should the TSKs also be considered stale?

In a previous comment, it was noted that TSK derivation techniques differ, 
so that a TSK could be compromised even if the MSK/EMSK was not.  Similarly, 
in protocols such as IKEv2, it might be possible to derive a TSK that would 
not be compromised even if the EMSK/MSK was compromised.  For example, 
consider a 4096-bit DH used for IKEv2 TSK generation while the EAP method 
uses a 512-bit DH.  Since EAP keys are used in IKEv2 only for 
authentication, as long as IKEv2 does not reuse the MSK after it becomes 
stale (which it doesn't, because IKEv2 does not support caching), the TSK is 
not compromised.

Given this, I think the problem is with the words "including the TSKs."  If 
the TSKs are not derived from the MSK/EMSK, then I don't think they should 
be considered stale once the MSK/EMSK is considered stale.

However, if a key is derived from the MSK/EMSK, then if the MSK/EMSK is 
compromised, then presumably the derived key is compromised as well, even if 
it is derived via PRF, mixing with nonces, etc.  If the attacker has 
obtained the MSK/EMSK, then it can also obtain the derived keys.



----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Issue 361: Child key expiry
Submitter name: Vidya Narayanan
Submitter email address: vidyan@qualcomm.com
Date Submitted: May 1, 2006
Reference: http://lists.frascone.com/pipermail/eap/msg04231.html
Document: KEYING-12
Comment type: 'T'echnical
Priority: '2' May fix
Section: 3.3
Rationale/Explanation of issue:

This section states "When keying material exported by EAP methods
expires,  all keying material derived from the exported keying material 
expires, including
the TSKs." This seems to indicate that the keys derived from the EMSK
will also be expired when the EMSK expires. It is not yet clear if this
would apply to all kinds of keys derived from the EMSK. There may be
classes of keys derived from the EMSK for which different lifetime
guidelines apply. So, it may be good to clarify that the EMSK usage
documents will specify the guidelines for EMSK-based child keys.

Requested change:

Change

"When keying material exported by EAP methods expires,  all keying
material derived from the exported keying material expires, including
the TSKs."

to

"When keying material exported by EAP methods expires,  all keying
material derived from the exported keying material expires, including
the TSKs. Note that different lifetime guidelines may be specified in
future specifications for EMSK-based child keys."


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Subject: [eap] Re: issue 357: Channel Binding Definition
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As Yoshi has pointed out, it may be possible to handle channel bindings by 
mixing keys so that comparison may not be required.  How about this?

"Channel Binding

A mechanism for ensuring the correctness of channel properties (such as 
endpoint identifiers) provided to the EAP peer, authenticator and server. "

-----------------------------------------------------------
Issue 357: Channel Binding Definition
Submitter name: Vidya Narayanan
Submitter email address: vidyan@qualcomm.com
Date Submitted: May 1, 2006
Reference: http://lists.frascone.com/pipermail/eap/msg04227.html
Document: KEYING-12
Comment type: 'T'echnical
Priority: '1' Should fix
Section: 1.2
Rationale/Explanation of issue:

The document defines channel binding
as a communication within an EAP method - this seems a bit restrictive,
given that channel binding information could be carried out-of-band as
well. The only requirement is that the information be integrity
protected between the peer and server.

Requested change:
Change wording to:

"The communication of integrity-protected
channel properties such as endpoint identifiers which can be
compared to values communicated via out of band mechanisms (such as
via a AAA or lower layer protocol)."


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To: "Bernard Aboba" <bernard_aboba@hotmail.com>, eap@frascone.com
From: Lakshminath Dondeti <ldondeti@qualcomm.com>
Subject: Re: [eap] Re: issue 361: child key expiry
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At 06:10 AM 5/2/2006, Bernard Aboba wrote:
>One of the unstated threat model assumptions is that any key can be 
>compromised over a sufficient period of time.  This includes the 
>exported keys (MSK, EMSK).  So the question is: if the MSK or EMSK 
>are considered "stale" should the TSKs also be considered stale?
>
>In a previous comment, it was noted that TSK derivation techniques 
>differ, so that a TSK could be compromised even if the MSK/EMSK was 
>not.  Similarly, in protocols such as IKEv2, it might be possible to 
>derive a TSK that would not be compromised even if the EMSK/MSK was 
>compromised.  For example, consider a 4096-bit DH used for IKEv2 TSK 
>generation while the EAP method uses a 512-bit DH.  Since EAP keys 
>are used in IKEv2 only for authentication, as long as IKEv2 does not 
>reuse the MSK after it becomes stale (which it doesn't, because 
>IKEv2 does not support caching), the TSK is not compromised.

We hope no one is using a 512-bit DH in an EAP method, considering 
that EAP key derivation requirements (lengthwise, i.e., 64 octets of 
MSK, 64 octets of EMSK etc.) are as demanding as IKEv2's are.  But, 
sure, the concern is valid.  Some EAP methods use the PSK directly 
for key derivation whereas IKEv2 doesn't.

I am not sure we can safely say that no IKEv2 implementation will 
cache the EAP MSK as the PSK.  After all, the PSK is only used for 
entity authentication and not for key distribution, and therefore, 
can be used for a decent amount of time without any issues.  Recall 
also that an alternative might be password based PSKs which may not 
always be as strong as those coming from an EAP method (assuming one 
of the newer methods).

>Given this, I think the problem is with the words "including the 
>TSKs."  If the TSKs are not derived from the MSK/EMSK, then I don't 
>think they should be considered stale once the MSK/EMSK is considered stale.
>
>However, if a key is derived from the MSK/EMSK, then if the MSK/EMSK 
>is compromised, then presumably the derived key is compromised as 
>well, even if it is derived via PRF, mixing with nonces, etc.  If 
>the attacker has obtained the MSK/EMSK, then it can also obtain the 
>derived keys.

I think there are several notes here, I think you captured most, but 
here is a list:

Compromise:

1. If an MSK/EMSK is compromised, all derived keys are assumed to 
have been compromised, as long as any nonces exchanged are in the 
clear or protected with the MSK/EMSK, or keys derived thereof.

2. MSK/EMSK compromise does not necessarily impact child key 
derivation iff the MSK/EMSK (or keys derived thereof) only serve as 
entity authentication keys and are not used for key 
derivation.  (Perhaps the latter -- and are not used for key 
derivation -- is too restrictive).

Lifetime:

Lifetime, as far as I understand, is set due to two 
considerations.  Let's consider confidentiality.  As soon as a block 
of ciphertext is transmitted, we can assume that an adversary has 
started a brute-force attack to guess the key.  With the most 
powerful adversary's capabilities that we want to protect against in 
mind, we make an estimate of how long it might take for the 
computation to complete and can set a lifetime.  The other 
consideration is that the amount of traffic encrypted with a given 
key may provide hints to reduce the computation needed by the 
brute-force attack.  With those considerations in mind,

3. Keys that are used frequently, for instance, for traffic 
protection expire sooner.  We might say those MUST NOT used beyond 
the EMSK's lifetime.  They may expire sooner than the EMSK, however.

4. Keys used less frequently, say, for entity authentication need not 
expire with the EMSK.  We might allow, for instance, local policy to 
set the lifetime on such keys.  That lifetime MAY be beyond EMSK's lifetime.

I think Vidya was referring to #4 with her last statement (not mind 
reading; that came up in our previous discussions on the topic :-) ).

regards,
Lakshminath




>----------------------------------------------------------------------------
>Issue 361: Child key expiry
>Submitter name: Vidya Narayanan
>Submitter email address: vidyan@qualcomm.com
>Date Submitted: May 1, 2006
>Reference: http://lists.frascone.com/pipermail/eap/msg04231.html
>Document: KEYING-12
>Comment type: 'T'echnical
>Priority: '2' May fix
>Section: 3.3
>Rationale/Explanation of issue:
>
>This section states "When keying material exported by EAP methods
>expires,  all keying material derived from the exported keying 
>material expires, including
>the TSKs." This seems to indicate that the keys derived from the EMSK
>will also be expired when the EMSK expires. It is not yet clear if this
>would apply to all kinds of keys derived from the EMSK. There may be
>classes of keys derived from the EMSK for which different lifetime
>guidelines apply. So, it may be good to clarify that the EMSK usage
>documents will specify the guidelines for EMSK-based child keys.
>
>Requested change:
>
>Change
>
>"When keying material exported by EAP methods expires,  all keying
>material derived from the exported keying material expires, including
>the TSKs."
>
>to
>
>"When keying material exported by EAP methods expires,  all keying
>material derived from the exported keying material expires, including
>the TSKs. Note that different lifetime guidelines may be specified in
>future specifications for EMSK-based child keys."
>
>
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Subject: RE: [eap] Re: Issue 360: EMSK Transport
Date: Tue, 2 May 2006 08:44:56 -0700
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Thread-Topic: [eap] Re: Issue 360: EMSK Transport
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From: "Salowey, Joe" <jsalowey@cisco.com>
To: "Bernard Aboba" <bernard_aboba@hotmail.com>, <eap@frascone.com>
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I don't see the text as harmful. It may be somewhat redundant, but I
would like to better understand why its presence is restrictive.  That
would seem to indicate that it is not redundant.=20

Joe =20

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Bernard Aboba [mailto:bernard_aboba@hotmail.com]=20
> Sent: Tuesday, May 02, 2006 5:54 AM
> To: eap@frascone.com
> Subject: [eap] Re: Issue 360: EMSK Transport
>=20
> Since EMSK sharing is prohibited elsewhere in the document,=20
> the text to be=20
> deleted is redundant at best.  Any objections to accepting=20
> the proposed=20
> change?
>=20
> ---------------------------------------------------------------------
> Issue 360: EMSK Transport
> Submitter name: Vidya Narayanan
> Submitter email address: vidyan@qualcomm.com
> Date Submitted: May 1, 2006
> Reference: http://lists.frascone.com/pipermail/eap/msg04230.html
> Document: KEYING-12
> Comment type: 'T'echnical
> Priority: '1' Should fix
> Section: 2
> Rationale/Explanation of issue:
>=20
> The section says "The EMSK MUST NOT be transported by the AAA layer."
> Given that the EMSK usage is currently undefined, it is not=20
> clear if it
> will be the AAA layer that derives further keys from the=20
> EMSK. In fact,
> doing so will create disparate behavior at the peer and server, since
> the peer does not have a AAA layer. Although this topic is pending
> discussion, it seems restrictive to say MUST NOT here. It does make
> sense, however, to say that the EMSK MUST NOT be transported to
> additional parties.
>=20
>     Requested change:
>=20
> Delete the sentence "The EMSK MUST NOT be transported by the=20
> AAA layer".
>=20
>=20
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Subject: Re: [eap] Re: issue 361: child key expiry
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>I am not sure we can safely say that no IKEv2 implementation will cache the 
>EAP MSK as the PSK.  After all, the PSK is only used for entity 
>authentication and not for key distribution, and therefore, can be used for 
>a decent amount of time without any issues.  Recall also that an 
>alternative might be password based PSKs which may not always be as strong 
>as those coming from an EAP method (assuming one of the newer methods).

In this particular case, we are talking about caching of EAP keying material 
within the IKEv2 lower layer.  Caching of EAP keying material within the 
PANA lower layer is a separate issue.   How should we clarify that?

>I think there are several notes here, I think you captured most, but here 
>is a list:
>
>Compromise:
>
>1. If an MSK/EMSK is compromised, all derived keys are assumed to have been 
>compromised, as long as any nonces exchanged are in the clear or protected 
>with the MSK/EMSK, or keys derived thereof.

Yup.

>2. MSK/EMSK compromise does not necessarily impact child key derivation iff 
>the MSK/EMSK (or keys derived thereof) only serve as entity authentication 
>keys and are not used for key derivation.  (Perhaps the latter -- and are 
>not used for key derivation -- is too restrictive).

Are you suggesting that there might be situations in which EAP keys aren't 
used for key derivation, but compromise might still be possible?

>Lifetime:
>
>Lifetime, as far as I understand, is set due to two considerations.  Let's 
>consider confidentiality.  As soon as a block of ciphertext is transmitted, 
>we can assume that an adversary has started a brute-force attack to guess 
>the key.  With the most powerful adversary's capabilities that we want to 
>protect against in mind, we make an estimate of how long it might take for 
>the computation to complete and can set a lifetime.  The other 
>consideration is that the amount of traffic encrypted with a given key may 
>provide hints to reduce the computation needed by the brute-force attack.  
>With those considerations in mind,
>
>3. Keys that are used frequently, for instance, for traffic protection 
>expire sooner.  We might say those MUST NOT used beyond the EMSK's 
>lifetime.  They may expire sooner than the EMSK, however.

Right.  And by the same logic, the MSK and EMSK might expire at different 
times.  I'm not sure that the key lifetime section takes that into account 
adequately.

>4. Keys used less frequently, say, for entity authentication need not 
>expire with the EMSK.  We might allow, for instance, local policy to set 
>the lifetime on such keys.  That lifetime MAY be beyond EMSK's lifetime.

This makes sense assuming that the entity authentiation keys aren't 
themselves derived from the EMSK.

>I think Vidya was referring to #4 with her last statement (not mind 
>reading; that came up in our previous discussions on the topic :-)

I'd also like to make sure that issues 1-3 are addressed adequately in the 
text.


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Date: Tue, 02 May 2006 12:56:49 -0400
From: Yoshihiro Ohba <yohba@tari.toshiba.com>
Subject: Re: [eap] Re: Issue 352: Channel Binding Issue
In-reply-to: <BAY106-F10320CEF59DB4EF12C8BD593B60@phx.gbl>
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On Mon, May 01, 2006 at 06:48:34PM -0700, Bernard Aboba wrote:
> The text of Issue 352 is shown below.
> 
> The suggested substitute text is ok as far as it goes.
> 
> As I read the referenced document, it requires changes to EAP methods, much 
> the same as the transportation approach does.  The peer and server have to 
> negotiate what channel bindings are mixed in with the keying material, 
> effectively producing "mixed" MSKs/EMSKs.   Since the EAP method is really 
> just outputing an MSK/EMSK as usual (albeit with channel bindings mixed 
> in), no new AAA attributes or communication flow is required.
> 
> Did I read the document correctly?

Thank you for reading the document.  And the answer is, if the
generated "mixed" MSKs are carried in the existing AAA attributes
instead of carrying the MSKs, then no AAA attributes or communication
flow is required for EAP keying.

[Note, however, if the "mixed" MSKs/EMSKs are used outside the scope
of EAP keying (e.g., handover keying), then new AAA attributes or
communication flow may be needed.  This all depends on what
requirements on out-of-the-scope usages will be.]

Regards,
Yoshihiro Ohba




> -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
> Issue 352: Channel Binding Issue
> Submitter name: Yoshihiro Ohba
> Submitter email address: yohba@tari.toshiba.com
> Date Submitted: April 25, 2006
> Reference: http://lists.frascone.com/pipermail/eap/msg04216.html
> Document: Keying-12
> Comment type: T
> Priority: 1
> Section: 5.11
> Rationale/Explanation of issue:
> 
> Reference [I-D.draft-ohba-eap-aaakey-binding] should be obsoleted by
> its successor, i.e., [I-D.draft-ohba-eap-channel-binding] which
> provides more generic, complete and extensible way of channel binding.
> Note that pre-configuration of the parameter set on AS is an important
> property to achieve Channel Binding in 3-party key management.
> 
> Change:
> 
> "  It is also possible to achieve Channel Bindings without transporting
>   data over EAP.  For example, see [I-D.draft-ohba-eap-aaakey-binding].
>   In this approach the authenticator informs the backend server about
>   the Channel Binding parameters using AAA, and the backend server
>   calculates transported keying material based on this parameter set,
>   making it impossible for the peer and authenticator to complete the
>   Secure Association Protocol if there was a mismatch in the
>   parameters."
> 
> to:
> 
> "  It is also possible to achieve Channel Bindings without
>   transporting data over EAP.  For example, see
>   [I-D.draft-ohba-eap-channel-binding].  In this approach the backend
>   server calculates transported keying material based on the
>   parameter set pre-configured for the authenticator, making it
>   impossible for the peer and authenticator to complete the Secure
>   Association Protocol if there was a mismatch in the parameters."
> 
> 
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From: Lakshminath Dondeti <ldondeti@qualcomm.com>
Subject: Re: [eap] Re: issue 361: child key expiry
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At 09:20 AM 5/2/2006, Bernard Aboba wrote:
>>I am not sure we can safely say that no IKEv2 implementation will 
>>cache the EAP MSK as the PSK.  After all, the PSK is only used for 
>>entity authentication and not for key distribution, and therefore, 
>>can be used for a decent amount of time without any issues.  Recall 
>>also that an alternative might be password based PSKs which may not 
>>always be as strong as those coming from an EAP method (assuming 
>>one of the newer methods).
>
>In this particular case, we are talking about caching of EAP keying 
>material within the IKEv2 lower layer.  Caching of EAP keying 
>material within the PANA lower layer is a separate issue.   How 
>should we clarify that?

I wasn't thinking about PANA, but thinking about the use case of 
client authentication in IPsec remote access using EAP.  Whereas EAP 
can be used every time, it is plausible that the MSK is cached as the 
IKEv2 Preshared key for future authentication to avoid EAP latency.


>>I think there are several notes here, I think you captured most, 
>>but here is a list:
>>
>>Compromise:
>>
>>1. If an MSK/EMSK is compromised, all derived keys are assumed to 
>>have been compromised, as long as any nonces exchanged are in the 
>>clear or protected with the MSK/EMSK, or keys derived thereof.
>
>Yup.
>
>>2. MSK/EMSK compromise does not necessarily impact child key 
>>derivation iff the MSK/EMSK (or keys derived thereof) only serve as 
>>entity authentication keys and are not used for key 
>>derivation.  (Perhaps the latter -- and are not used for key 
>>derivation -- is too restrictive).
>
>Are you suggesting that there might be situations in which EAP keys 
>aren't used for key derivation, but compromise might still be possible?

No.  I am asking if the MSK/EMSK figures into the key derivation, say 
only partially (say along with DH), compromise of MSK/EMSK means 
compromise of derived keys.  I was then saying perhaps that is too 
restrictive, but I'd contend not, unless there is a strong case made 
for the alternative.

If that's confusing too, please let me know.


>>Lifetime:
>>
>>Lifetime, as far as I understand, is set due to two 
>>considerations.  Let's consider confidentiality.  As soon as a 
>>block of ciphertext is transmitted, we can assume that an adversary 
>>has started a brute-force attack to guess the key.  With the most 
>>powerful adversary's capabilities that we want to protect against 
>>in mind, we make an estimate of how long it might take for the 
>>computation to complete and can set a lifetime.  The other 
>>consideration is that the amount of traffic encrypted with a given 
>>key may provide hints to reduce the computation needed by the 
>>brute-force attack.
>>With those considerations in mind,
>>
>>3. Keys that are used frequently, for instance, for traffic 
>>protection expire sooner.  We might say those MUST NOT used beyond 
>>the EMSK's lifetime.  They may expire sooner than the EMSK, however.
>
>Right.  And by the same logic, the MSK and EMSK might expire at 
>different times.  I'm not sure that the key lifetime section takes 
>that into account adequately.

That sounds right and the clarification will be good.


>>4. Keys used less frequently, say, for entity authentication need 
>>not expire with the EMSK.  We might allow, for instance, local 
>>policy to set the lifetime on such keys.  That lifetime MAY be 
>>beyond EMSK's lifetime.
>
>This makes sense assuming that the entity authentiation keys aren't 
>themselves derived from the EMSK.

Even if entity authentication keys are derived from the EMSK, the 
guideline applies, I think.  Suppose the EMSK supports derivation of 
a traffic key and a separate entity authentication key, wouldn't it 
make sense to say that, all other things being equal, the traffic key 
will have a shorter lifetime than the entity authentication key, 
based on key usage?


>>I think Vidya was referring to #4 with her last statement (not mind 
>>reading; that came up in our previous discussions on the topic :-)
>
>I'd also like to make sure that issues 1-3 are addressed adequately 
>in the text.

Agreed!  Thanks Bernard.

regards,
Lakshminath




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Subject: RE: [eap] Re: issue 358: AAA-Key
Date: Tue, 2 May 2006 11:55:16 -0700
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Thread-Topic: [eap] Re: issue 358: AAA-Key
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Sounds OK to me.=20

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Bernard Aboba [mailto:bernard_aboba@hotmail.com]=20
> Sent: Tuesday, May 02, 2006 5:47 AM
> To: eap@frascone.com
> Subject: [eap] Re: issue 358: AAA-Key
>=20
> How about this?
>=20
> "Since multiple keys may be transported by AAA, the term is
> potentially confusing and is not used in this document."
>=20
> --------------------------------------------------------------
> ---------
> Issue 358: AAA-Key
> Submitter name: Vidya Narayanan
> Submitter email address: vidyan@qualcomm.com
> Date Submitted: May 1, 2006
> Reference: http://lists.frascone.com/pipermail/eap/msg04228.html
> Document: KEYING-12
> Comment type: 'E'ditorial
> Priority: '2' May fix
> Section: 1.2
> Rationale/Explanation of issue:
>=20
> Given that the term AAA-Key is not used elsewhere in the document, it
> would be good to add a sentence clarifying that the definition is
> provided as a clarification to the terminology used in older documents
> and that it is no longer used.
>=20
> Requested change:
>=20
> Add to AAA-Key definition:
>=20
> "This term is no longer used to refer to the MSK in this document."
>=20
>=20
> _________________________________________________________________
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Subject: RE: [eap] Re: issue 357: Channel Binding Definition
Date: Tue, 2 May 2006 12:06:53 -0700
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Thread-Topic: [eap] Re: issue 357: Channel Binding Definition
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From: "Narayanan, Vidya" <vidyan@qualcomm.com>
To: "Bernard Aboba" <bernard_aboba@hotmail.com>, <eap@frascone.com>
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Minor clarification:=20

"Channel Binding

A *secure* mechanism for ensuring the correctness of channel properties
(such as endpoint identifiers) provided to the EAP peer, authenticator
and server. "

The word secure is to imply that if this data is in fact sent as a blob
between the peer and server, it must be integrity protected.=20

Vidya

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Bernard Aboba [mailto:bernard_aboba@hotmail.com]=20
> Sent: Tuesday, May 02, 2006 7:11 AM
> To: eap@frascone.com
> Subject: [eap] Re: issue 357: Channel Binding Definition
>=20
> As Yoshi has pointed out, it may be possible to handle=20
> channel bindings by mixing keys so that comparison may not be=20
> required.  How about this?
>=20
> "Channel Binding
>=20
> A mechanism for ensuring the correctness of channel=20
> properties (such as endpoint identifiers) provided to the EAP=20
> peer, authenticator and server. "
>=20
> -----------------------------------------------------------
> Issue 357: Channel Binding Definition
> Submitter name: Vidya Narayanan
> Submitter email address: vidyan@qualcomm.com Date Submitted:=20
> May 1, 2006
> Reference: http://lists.frascone.com/pipermail/eap/msg04227.html
> Document: KEYING-12
> Comment type: 'T'echnical
> Priority: '1' Should fix
> Section: 1.2
> Rationale/Explanation of issue:
>=20
> The document defines channel binding
> as a communication within an EAP method - this seems a bit=20
> restrictive, given that channel binding information could be=20
> carried out-of-band as well. The only requirement is that the=20
> information be integrity protected between the peer and server.
>=20
> Requested change:
> Change wording to:
>=20
> "The communication of integrity-protected channel properties=20
> such as endpoint identifiers which can be compared to values=20
> communicated via out of band mechanisms (such as via a AAA or=20
> lower layer protocol)."
>=20
>=20
> _________________________________________________________________
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Subject: RE: [eap] Re: issue 358: AAA-Key
Date: Tue, 2 May 2006 12:06:53 -0700
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Thread-Topic: [eap] Re: issue 358: AAA-Key
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From: "Narayanan, Vidya" <vidyan@qualcomm.com>
To: "Bernard Aboba" <bernard_aboba@hotmail.com>, <eap@frascone.com>
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Sounds good. =20

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Bernard Aboba [mailto:bernard_aboba@hotmail.com]=20
> Sent: Tuesday, May 02, 2006 5:47 AM
> To: eap@frascone.com
> Subject: [eap] Re: issue 358: AAA-Key
>=20
> How about this?
>=20
> "Since multiple keys may be transported by AAA, the term is=20
> potentially confusing and is not used in this document."
>=20
> --------------------------------------------------------------
> ---------
> Issue 358: AAA-Key
> Submitter name: Vidya Narayanan
> Submitter email address: vidyan@qualcomm.com Date Submitted:=20
> May 1, 2006
> Reference: http://lists.frascone.com/pipermail/eap/msg04228.html
> Document: KEYING-12
> Comment type: 'E'ditorial
> Priority: '2' May fix
> Section: 1.2
> Rationale/Explanation of issue:
>=20
> Given that the term AAA-Key is not used elsewhere in the=20
> document, it would be good to add a sentence clarifying that=20
> the definition is provided as a clarification to the=20
> terminology used in older documents and that it is no longer used.
>=20
> Requested change:
>=20
> Add to AAA-Key definition:
>=20
> "This term is no longer used to refer to the MSK in this document."
>=20
>=20
> _________________________________________________________________
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Subject: RE: [eap] Re: Issue 360: EMSK Transport
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From: "Narayanan, Vidya" <vidyan@qualcomm.com>
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Hi Joe,
The text suggests that the AAA layer MUST NOT transport the EMSK, not
that the AAA layer MUST NOT transport the EMSK outside the entity. To
me, this implied that the EMSK MUST NOT be transported to other layers
within the same entity as well.=20

Due to the current means of key transport, the EMSK arrives at the AAA
layer when the MSK arrives. But, we may (I'm not sure yet) need the EMSK
to be available to the EAP layer for further key derivation - the AAA
layer is potentially not the right layer to be deriving the keys - then,
that would imply that the lower layer in the peer is the one deriving
the same keys. This, apart from being disparate, also means that every
lower layer now needs to define this derivation, which seems
undesirable.=20

So, pending discussion, I'd like to not have this statement in the
current spec.=20

Vidya

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Salowey, Joe [mailto:jsalowey@cisco.com]=20
> Sent: Tuesday, May 02, 2006 8:45 AM
> To: Bernard Aboba; eap@frascone.com
> Subject: RE: [eap] Re: Issue 360: EMSK Transport
>=20
> I don't see the text as harmful. It may be somewhat=20
> redundant, but I would like to better understand why its=20
> presence is restrictive.  That would seem to indicate that it=20
> is not redundant.=20
>=20
> Joe =20
>=20
> > -----Original Message-----
> > From: Bernard Aboba [mailto:bernard_aboba@hotmail.com]
> > Sent: Tuesday, May 02, 2006 5:54 AM
> > To: eap@frascone.com
> > Subject: [eap] Re: Issue 360: EMSK Transport
> >=20
> > Since EMSK sharing is prohibited elsewhere in the document,=20
> the text=20
> > to be deleted is redundant at best.  Any objections to=20
> accepting the=20
> > proposed change?
> >=20
> >=20
> ---------------------------------------------------------------------
> > Issue 360: EMSK Transport
> > Submitter name: Vidya Narayanan
> > Submitter email address: vidyan@qualcomm.com Date Submitted: May 1,=20
> > 2006
> > Reference: http://lists.frascone.com/pipermail/eap/msg04230.html
> > Document: KEYING-12
> > Comment type: 'T'echnical
> > Priority: '1' Should fix
> > Section: 2
> > Rationale/Explanation of issue:
> >=20
> > The section says "The EMSK MUST NOT be transported by the=20
> AAA layer."
> > Given that the EMSK usage is currently undefined, it is not=20
> clear if=20
> > it will be the AAA layer that derives further keys from the=20
> EMSK. In=20
> > fact, doing so will create disparate behavior at the peer=20
> and server,=20
> > since the peer does not have a AAA layer. Although this topic is=20
> > pending discussion, it seems restrictive to say MUST NOT=20
> here. It does=20
> > make sense, however, to say that the EMSK MUST NOT be=20
> transported to=20
> > additional parties.
> >=20
> >     Requested change:
> >=20
> > Delete the sentence "The EMSK MUST NOT be transported by the AAA=20
> > layer".
> >=20
> >=20
> > _________________________________________________________________
> > To unsubscribe or modify your subscription options, please visit:
> > http://lists.frascone.com/mailman/listinfo/eap
> >=20
> > Arhives: http://lists.frascone.com/pipermail/eap
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> _________________________________________________________________
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Thread-Topic: ISSUE: section 2 - lower layer parameres and EMSK text
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Subject: [eap] ISSUE: section 2 - lower layer parameres and EMSK text
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Submitter name: Joe Salowey
Submitter email address: jsalowey@cisco.com
Date first submitted: 05/02/06
Reference:=20
Document: Keying Framework
Comment type:  'E'ditorial
Priority:  '1' Should fix=20
Section: 2
Rationale/Explanation of issue:

1. Passing of parameters to lower layer.  It seems that there may be
some parameters passed to lower layers that could be usable elsewhere.
For example the Session-ID might be usable.  If the session-id is
included in parameters then I think the  following may be to
restrictive:

"This
   implies that EAP keying material or parameters passed down to a lower
   layer are for the exclusive use of that lower layer and MUST NOT be
   used within another lower layer"

Suggested change:

"This
   implies that EAP keying material passed down to a lower
   layer are for the exclusive use of that lower layer and MUST NOT be
   used within another lower layer."

If this change is accepted there are several other places in the section
where this should be changed.=20

2. EMSK text=20

The First paragraph still mentions exporting the EMSK to the lower layer
which seems to be problematic when considered with the rest of the text
of this section.  I don't think the EMSK should be discussed in the
lower layer section.=20

My suggeston would be to remove references to the EMSK in this section
and move the paragraph discussing the EMSK to Section 1.4 EAP Key
hierarchy.=20

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From: "Bernard Aboba" <bernard_aboba@hotmail.com>
To: ldondeti@qualcomm.com, eap@frascone.com
Subject: Re: [eap] Re: issue 361: child key expiry
Date: Tue, 02 May 2006 12:19:19 -0700
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>I wasn't thinking about PANA, but thinking about the use case of client 
>authentication in IPsec remote access using EAP.  Whereas EAP can be used 
>every time, it is plausible that the MSK is cached as the IKEv2 Preshared 
>key for future authentication to avoid EAP latency.

Perhaps we can say that RFC 4306 does not support key caching?  It seems 
that an extension to IKEv2 would be required to support this, since 
otherwise the IKE initiator and responder couldn't negotiate whether cached 
EAP keys are to be used, and if so, which ones.

>>Are you suggesting that there might be situations in which EAP keys aren't 
>>used for key derivation, but compromise might still be possible?
>
>No.  I am asking if the MSK/EMSK figures into the key derivation, say only 
>partially (say along with DH), compromise of MSK/EMSK means compromise of 
>derived keys.  I was then saying perhaps that is too restrictive, but I'd 
>contend not, unless there is a strong case made for the alternative.

OK.  If the MSK/EMSK were mixed into the key derivation, then there might be 
some weakening of the key derivation.  How much depends on the algorithm.

>If that's confusing too, please let me know.

I understand the point.... question is how we make it clear in the text.

>>Right.  And by the same logic, the MSK and EMSK might expire at different 
>>times.  I'm not sure that the key lifetime section takes that into account 
>>adequately.
>
>That sounds right and the clarification will be good.

Suggestions welcome.

>>This makes sense assuming that the entity authentiation keys aren't 
>>themselves derived from the EMSK.
>
>Even if entity authentication keys are derived from the EMSK, the guideline 
>applies, I think.  Suppose the EMSK supports derivation of a traffic key 
>and a separate entity authentication key, wouldn't it make sense to say 
>that, all other things being equal, the traffic key will have a shorter 
>lifetime than the entity authentication key, based on key usage?

Yes, it would make sense.   I guess I'd distinguish between a key calculated 
from the EMSK (e.g. AMSK) and a TSK.  The AMSK formulas that have been 
suggested so far are static -- that is, they are based on a key-label, but 
do not generate a fresh key every time they are invoked on the same EMSK, in 
the way that some TSK derivations do (e.g. 802.11i 4-way handshake).

Unless there is an ability to generate fresh keys without an EAP 
re-authentication, then when the derived keyexpires it is necessary to do an 
EAP re-authentication.  With TSKs it may be possible to do a re-key 
independent of EAP (e.g. 802.11i 4-way handshake).


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From: "Bernard Aboba" <bernard_aboba@hotmail.com>
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Subject: RE: [eap] Re: issue 357: Channel Binding Definition
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sounds good.


>From: "Narayanan, Vidya" <vidyan@qualcomm.com>
>To: "Bernard Aboba" <bernard_aboba@hotmail.com>, <eap@frascone.com>
>Subject: RE: [eap] Re: issue 357: Channel Binding Definition
>Date: Tue, 2 May 2006 12:06:53 -0700
>
>Minor clarification:
>
>"Channel Binding
>
>A *secure* mechanism for ensuring the correctness of channel properties
>(such as endpoint identifiers) provided to the EAP peer, authenticator
>and server. "
>
>The word secure is to imply that if this data is in fact sent as a blob
>between the peer and server, it must be integrity protected.
>
>Vidya
>
> > -----Original Message-----
> > From: Bernard Aboba [mailto:bernard_aboba@hotmail.com]
> > Sent: Tuesday, May 02, 2006 7:11 AM
> > To: eap@frascone.com
> > Subject: [eap] Re: issue 357: Channel Binding Definition
> >
> > As Yoshi has pointed out, it may be possible to handle
> > channel bindings by mixing keys so that comparison may not be
> > required.  How about this?
> >
> > "Channel Binding
> >
> > A mechanism for ensuring the correctness of channel
> > properties (such as endpoint identifiers) provided to the EAP
> > peer, authenticator and server. "
> >
> > -----------------------------------------------------------
> > Issue 357: Channel Binding Definition
> > Submitter name: Vidya Narayanan
> > Submitter email address: vidyan@qualcomm.com Date Submitted:
> > May 1, 2006
> > Reference: http://lists.frascone.com/pipermail/eap/msg04227.html
> > Document: KEYING-12
> > Comment type: 'T'echnical
> > Priority: '1' Should fix
> > Section: 1.2
> > Rationale/Explanation of issue:
> >
> > The document defines channel binding
> > as a communication within an EAP method - this seems a bit
> > restrictive, given that channel binding information could be
> > carried out-of-band as well. The only requirement is that the
> > information be integrity protected between the peer and server.
> >
> > Requested change:
> > Change wording to:
> >
> > "The communication of integrity-protected channel properties
> > such as endpoint identifiers which can be compared to values
> > communicated via out of band mechanisms (such as via a AAA or
> > lower layer protocol)."
> >
> >
> > _________________________________________________________________
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> >
> > Arhives: http://lists.frascone.com/pipermail/eap
> >


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From: "Bernard Aboba" <bernard_aboba@hotmail.com>
To: vidyan@qualcomm.com, eap@frascone.com
Subject: RE: [eap] Re: issue 357: Channel Binding Definition
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That makes sense.  Do we also need to indicate that the channel bindings 
need to be the same for all parties?  For example:

"Channel Binding

A secure mechanism for ensuring the synchronization and correctness of 
channel properties
(such as endpoint identifiers) provided to the EAP peer, authenticator and 
server."

>Minor clarification:
>
>"Channel Binding
>
>A *secure* mechanism for ensuring the correctness of channel properties
>(such as endpoint identifiers) provided to the EAP peer, authenticator
>and server. "
>
>The word secure is to imply that if this data is in fact sent as a blob
>between the peer and server, it must be integrity protected.
>
>Vidya


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From: "Bernard Aboba" <bernard_aboba@hotmail.com>
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Subject: Re: [eap] Re: Issue 352: Channel Binding Issue
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>Thank you for reading the document.  And the answer is, if the
>generated "mixed" MSKs are carried in the existing AAA attributes
>instead of carrying the MSKs, then no AAA attributes or communication
>flow is required for EAP keying.

It might be worth saying a few words about this in the paragraph.  Overall, 
I'm not sure whether the Channel Binding text in the document is all that 
consistent/comprehesive.


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A New Internet-Draft is available from the on-line Internet-Drafts directories.
This draft is a work item of the Extensible Authentication Protocol Working Group of the IETF.

	Title		: Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP) Key Management Framework
	Author(s)	: B. Aboba, et al.
	Filename	: draft-ietf-eap-keying-13.txt
	Pages		: 56
	Date		: 2006-5-2
	
The Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP), defined in [RFC3748],
   enables extensible network access authentication.  This document
   provides a framework for the transport and usage of keying material
   generated by EAP authentication algorithms, known as "methods".  It
   also specifies the EAP key hierarchy.

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From eap-bounces+eap-archive=lists.ietf.org@frascone.com Tue May 02 16:43:46 2006
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Subject: RE: [eap] Re: Issue 360: EMSK Transport
Date: Tue, 2 May 2006 13:50:49 -0700
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Thread-Topic: [eap] Re: Issue 360: EMSK Transport
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From: "Salowey, Joe" <jsalowey@cisco.com>
To: "Narayanan, Vidya" <vidyan@qualcomm.com>,
	"Bernard Aboba" <bernard_aboba@hotmail.com>, <eap@frascone.com>
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The document should not discuss where the EMSK is exported to from the
EAP method as this may be implementation dependent. =20

Here is some suggested text (should go in 1.4 instead of section 2). =20

"The EMSK MUST NOT be provided to an entity outside the EAP server or
   peer,  nor is it permitted to pass any quantity to an entity outside
   the EAP server or peer from which the EMSK could be computed without
   breaking some cryptographic assumption, such as inverting a one-way
   function.  The EMSK MUST NOT be transported outside the EAP Server=20
   by the AAA layer.  As noted in [RFC3748] Section 7.10:"

Joe

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Narayanan, Vidya [mailto:vidyan@qualcomm.com]=20
> Sent: Tuesday, May 02, 2006 12:07 PM
> To: Salowey, Joe; Bernard Aboba; eap@frascone.com
> Subject: RE: [eap] Re: Issue 360: EMSK Transport
>=20
> Hi Joe,
> The text suggests that the AAA layer MUST NOT transport the EMSK, not
> that the AAA layer MUST NOT transport the EMSK outside the entity. To
> me, this implied that the EMSK MUST NOT be transported to other layers
> within the same entity as well.=20
>=20
> Due to the current means of key transport, the EMSK arrives at the AAA
> layer when the MSK arrives. But, we may (I'm not sure yet)=20
> need the EMSK
> to be available to the EAP layer for further key derivation - the AAA
> layer is potentially not the right layer to be deriving the=20
> keys - then,
> that would imply that the lower layer in the peer is the one deriving
> the same keys. This, apart from being disparate, also means that every
> lower layer now needs to define this derivation, which seems
> undesirable.=20
>=20
> So, pending discussion, I'd like to not have this statement in the
> current spec.=20
>=20
> Vidya
>=20
> > -----Original Message-----
> > From: Salowey, Joe [mailto:jsalowey@cisco.com]=20
> > Sent: Tuesday, May 02, 2006 8:45 AM
> > To: Bernard Aboba; eap@frascone.com
> > Subject: RE: [eap] Re: Issue 360: EMSK Transport
> >=20
> > I don't see the text as harmful. It may be somewhat=20
> > redundant, but I would like to better understand why its=20
> > presence is restrictive.  That would seem to indicate that it=20
> > is not redundant.=20
> >=20
> > Joe =20
> >=20
> > > -----Original Message-----
> > > From: Bernard Aboba [mailto:bernard_aboba@hotmail.com]
> > > Sent: Tuesday, May 02, 2006 5:54 AM
> > > To: eap@frascone.com
> > > Subject: [eap] Re: Issue 360: EMSK Transport
> > >=20
> > > Since EMSK sharing is prohibited elsewhere in the document,=20
> > the text=20
> > > to be deleted is redundant at best.  Any objections to=20
> > accepting the=20
> > > proposed change?
> > >=20
> > >=20
> >=20
> ---------------------------------------------------------------------
> > > Issue 360: EMSK Transport
> > > Submitter name: Vidya Narayanan
> > > Submitter email address: vidyan@qualcomm.com Date=20
> Submitted: May 1,=20
> > > 2006
> > > Reference: http://lists.frascone.com/pipermail/eap/msg04230.html
> > > Document: KEYING-12
> > > Comment type: 'T'echnical
> > > Priority: '1' Should fix
> > > Section: 2
> > > Rationale/Explanation of issue:
> > >=20
> > > The section says "The EMSK MUST NOT be transported by the=20
> > AAA layer."
> > > Given that the EMSK usage is currently undefined, it is not=20
> > clear if=20
> > > it will be the AAA layer that derives further keys from the=20
> > EMSK. In=20
> > > fact, doing so will create disparate behavior at the peer=20
> > and server,=20
> > > since the peer does not have a AAA layer. Although this topic is=20
> > > pending discussion, it seems restrictive to say MUST NOT=20
> > here. It does=20
> > > make sense, however, to say that the EMSK MUST NOT be=20
> > transported to=20
> > > additional parties.
> > >=20
> > >     Requested change:
> > >=20
> > > Delete the sentence "The EMSK MUST NOT be transported by the AAA=20
> > > layer".
> > >=20
> > >=20
> > > _________________________________________________________________
> > > To unsubscribe or modify your subscription options, please visit:
> > > http://lists.frascone.com/mailman/listinfo/eap
> > >=20
> > > Arhives: http://lists.frascone.com/pipermail/eap
> > >=20
> > _________________________________________________________________
> > To unsubscribe or modify your subscription options, please visit:
> > http://lists.frascone.com/mailman/listinfo/eap
> >=20
> > Arhives: http://lists.frascone.com/pipermail/eap
> >=20
>=20
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Submitter name: Joe Salowey
Submitter email address: jsalowey@cisco.com
Date first submitted: 05/02/06
Reference:Document: Keying Framework
Comment type: 'E'ditorial
Priority: '1' Should fix
Section: Section 2.2
Rationale/Explanation of issue:

This section discusses peer architecture as well as authenticator
architecture. =20

Suggest title:

"2.2.  Authenticator and Peer Architecture"

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I like the last sentence. We need to allow future specs that derive keys
from EMSK to define their own key authorization/ life time policies.
However, given that EMSK is not exported, while MSK is and TSK are
derived from MSK, then the last sentence is probably best inserted
whenever EMSK is being described not here.=20

Madjid

-----Original Message-----
From: Narayanan, Vidya [mailto:vidyan@qualcomm.com]=20
Sent: Tuesday, May 02, 2006 1:00 AM
To: eap@frascone.com
Subject: [eap] Issue: Child key expiry=20

    Submitter name: Vidya Narayanan
    Submitter email address: vidyan@qualcomm.com
    Date first submitted: 5/01/2006
    Reference:=20
    Document: Keying Framework
    Comment type: 'T'echnical
    Priority: '2' May fix=20
    Section: 3.3
    Rationale/Explanation of issue:=20
This section states "When keying material exported by EAP methods
expires,  all keying
   material derived from the exported keying material expires, including
   the TSKs." This seems to indicate that the keys derived from the EMSK
will also be expired when the EMSK expires. It is not yet clear if this
would apply to all kinds of keys derived from the EMSK. There may be
classes of keys derived from the EMSK for which different lifetime
guidelines apply. So, it may be good to clarify that the EMSK usage
documents will specify the guidelines for EMSK-based child keys.=20
   =20
    Requested change:

Change=20

"When keying material exported by EAP methods expires,  all keying
   material derived from the exported keying material expires, including
   the TSKs."=20

to=20

"When keying material exported by EAP methods expires,  all keying
   material derived from the exported keying material expires, including
   the TSKs. Note that different lifetime guidelines may be specified in
future specifications for EMSK-based child keys."
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Thread-Topic: Issue: section 2.1 AAA key caching
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Submitter name: Joe Salowey
Submitter email address: jsalowey@cisco.com
Date first submitted: 05/02/06
Reference:=20
Document: Keying Framework
Comment type:  T
Priority:  2 =20
Section: 2.1
Rationale/Explanation of issue:

The Current draft states that keys may not be cached once transported. I
am wondering if this is too restrictive.  Perhaps keys will be cached
for session recovery and availability purposes. =20

Suggested Text:

 "In order to avoid key reuse, the AAA layer SHOULD delete transported
  keys once they are sent.  The AAA layer SHOULD NOT retain keys that
  it has previously sent.  For example, a AAA layer that has
  transported the MSK SHOULD delete it.  If the AAA layer does cache an
MSK
  then the use of TSKs derived from the MSK MUST prevent key reuse. "

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Subject: RE: [eap] Re: Issue 360: EMSK Transport
Date: Tue, 2 May 2006 14:27:21 -0700
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Thread-Topic: [eap] Re: Issue 360: EMSK Transport
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From: "Narayanan, Vidya" <vidyan@qualcomm.com>
To: "Salowey, Joe" <jsalowey@cisco.com>,
	"Bernard Aboba" <bernard_aboba@hotmail.com>, <eap@frascone.com>
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This would be fine.=20

Vidya=20

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Salowey, Joe [mailto:jsalowey@cisco.com]=20
> Sent: Tuesday, May 02, 2006 1:51 PM
> To: Narayanan, Vidya; Bernard Aboba; eap@frascone.com
> Subject: RE: [eap] Re: Issue 360: EMSK Transport
>=20
> The document should not discuss where the EMSK is exported to=20
> from the EAP method as this may be implementation dependent. =20
>=20
> Here is some suggested text (should go in 1.4 instead of section 2). =20
>=20
> "The EMSK MUST NOT be provided to an entity outside the EAP server or
>    peer,  nor is it permitted to pass any quantity to an=20
> entity outside
>    the EAP server or peer from which the EMSK could be=20
> computed without
>    breaking some cryptographic assumption, such as inverting a one-way
>    function.  The EMSK MUST NOT be transported outside the EAP Server=20
>    by the AAA layer.  As noted in [RFC3748] Section 7.10:"
>=20
> Joe
>=20
> > -----Original Message-----
> > From: Narayanan, Vidya [mailto:vidyan@qualcomm.com]
> > Sent: Tuesday, May 02, 2006 12:07 PM
> > To: Salowey, Joe; Bernard Aboba; eap@frascone.com
> > Subject: RE: [eap] Re: Issue 360: EMSK Transport
> >=20
> > Hi Joe,
> > The text suggests that the AAA layer MUST NOT transport the=20
> EMSK, not=20
> > that the AAA layer MUST NOT transport the EMSK outside the=20
> entity. To=20
> > me, this implied that the EMSK MUST NOT be transported to=20
> other layers=20
> > within the same entity as well.
> >=20
> > Due to the current means of key transport, the EMSK arrives=20
> at the AAA=20
> > layer when the MSK arrives. But, we may (I'm not sure yet) need the=20
> > EMSK to be available to the EAP layer for further key=20
> derivation - the=20
> > AAA layer is potentially not the right layer to be deriving=20
> the keys -=20
> > then, that would imply that the lower layer in the peer is the one=20
> > deriving the same keys. This, apart from being disparate,=20
> also means=20
> > that every lower layer now needs to define this derivation, which=20
> > seems undesirable.
> >=20
> > So, pending discussion, I'd like to not have this statement in the=20
> > current spec.
> >=20
> > Vidya
> >=20
> > > -----Original Message-----
> > > From: Salowey, Joe [mailto:jsalowey@cisco.com]
> > > Sent: Tuesday, May 02, 2006 8:45 AM
> > > To: Bernard Aboba; eap@frascone.com
> > > Subject: RE: [eap] Re: Issue 360: EMSK Transport
> > >=20
> > > I don't see the text as harmful. It may be somewhat=20
> redundant, but I=20
> > > would like to better understand why its presence is restrictive. =20
> > > That would seem to indicate that it is not redundant.
> > >=20
> > > Joe
> > >=20
> > > > -----Original Message-----
> > > > From: Bernard Aboba [mailto:bernard_aboba@hotmail.com]
> > > > Sent: Tuesday, May 02, 2006 5:54 AM
> > > > To: eap@frascone.com
> > > > Subject: [eap] Re: Issue 360: EMSK Transport
> > > >=20
> > > > Since EMSK sharing is prohibited elsewhere in the document,
> > > the text
> > > > to be deleted is redundant at best.  Any objections to
> > > accepting the
> > > > proposed change?
> > > >=20
> > > >=20
> > >=20
> >=20
> ---------------------------------------------------------------------
> > > > Issue 360: EMSK Transport
> > > > Submitter name: Vidya Narayanan
> > > > Submitter email address: vidyan@qualcomm.com Date
> > Submitted: May 1,
> > > > 2006
> > > > Reference: http://lists.frascone.com/pipermail/eap/msg04230.html
> > > > Document: KEYING-12
> > > > Comment type: 'T'echnical
> > > > Priority: '1' Should fix
> > > > Section: 2
> > > > Rationale/Explanation of issue:
> > > >=20
> > > > The section says "The EMSK MUST NOT be transported by the
> > > AAA layer."
> > > > Given that the EMSK usage is currently undefined, it is not
> > > clear if
> > > > it will be the AAA layer that derives further keys from the
> > > EMSK. In
> > > > fact, doing so will create disparate behavior at the peer
> > > and server,
> > > > since the peer does not have a AAA layer. Although this=20
> topic is=20
> > > > pending discussion, it seems restrictive to say MUST NOT
> > > here. It does
> > > > make sense, however, to say that the EMSK MUST NOT be
> > > transported to
> > > > additional parties.
> > > >=20
> > > >     Requested change:
> > > >=20
> > > > Delete the sentence "The EMSK MUST NOT be transported=20
> by the AAA=20
> > > > layer".
> > > >=20
> > > >=20
> > > >=20
> _________________________________________________________________
> > > > To unsubscribe or modify your subscription options,=20
> please visit:
> > > > http://lists.frascone.com/mailman/listinfo/eap
> > > >=20
> > > > Arhives: http://lists.frascone.com/pipermail/eap
> > > >=20
> > > _________________________________________________________________
> > > To unsubscribe or modify your subscription options, please visit:
> > > http://lists.frascone.com/mailman/listinfo/eap
> > >=20
> > > Arhives: http://lists.frascone.com/pipermail/eap
> > >=20
> >=20
>=20
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	"Bernard Aboba" <bernard_aboba@hotmail.com>, <eap@frascone.com>
From: Lakshminath Dondeti <ldondeti@qualcomm.com>
Subject: RE: [eap] Re: Issue 360: EMSK Transport
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I am having a logical problem parsing "The EMSK MUST NOT be 
transported outside the EAP Server by the AAA layer."

Does that allow transport of EMSK by other layers?  I know that's not 
the intent.

regards,
Lakshminath

At 01:50 PM 5/2/2006, Salowey, Joe wrote:
>The document should not discuss where the EMSK is exported to from the
>EAP method as this may be implementation dependent.
>
>Here is some suggested text (should go in 1.4 instead of section 2).
>
>"The EMSK MUST NOT be provided to an entity outside the EAP server or
>    peer,  nor is it permitted to pass any quantity to an entity outside
>    the EAP server or peer from which the EMSK could be computed without
>    breaking some cryptographic assumption, such as inverting a one-way
>    function.  The EMSK MUST NOT be transported outside the EAP Server
>    by the AAA layer.  As noted in [RFC3748] Section 7.10:"
>
>Joe
>
> > -----Original Message-----
> > From: Narayanan, Vidya [mailto:vidyan@qualcomm.com]
> > Sent: Tuesday, May 02, 2006 12:07 PM
> > To: Salowey, Joe; Bernard Aboba; eap@frascone.com
> > Subject: RE: [eap] Re: Issue 360: EMSK Transport
> >
> > Hi Joe,
> > The text suggests that the AAA layer MUST NOT transport the EMSK, not
> > that the AAA layer MUST NOT transport the EMSK outside the entity. To
> > me, this implied that the EMSK MUST NOT be transported to other layers
> > within the same entity as well.
> >
> > Due to the current means of key transport, the EMSK arrives at the AAA
> > layer when the MSK arrives. But, we may (I'm not sure yet)
> > need the EMSK
> > to be available to the EAP layer for further key derivation - the AAA
> > layer is potentially not the right layer to be deriving the
> > keys - then,
> > that would imply that the lower layer in the peer is the one deriving
> > the same keys. This, apart from being disparate, also means that every
> > lower layer now needs to define this derivation, which seems
> > undesirable.
> >
> > So, pending discussion, I'd like to not have this statement in the
> > current spec.
> >
> > Vidya
> >
> > > -----Original Message-----
> > > From: Salowey, Joe [mailto:jsalowey@cisco.com]
> > > Sent: Tuesday, May 02, 2006 8:45 AM
> > > To: Bernard Aboba; eap@frascone.com
> > > Subject: RE: [eap] Re: Issue 360: EMSK Transport
> > >
> > > I don't see the text as harmful. It may be somewhat
> > > redundant, but I would like to better understand why its
> > > presence is restrictive.  That would seem to indicate that it
> > > is not redundant.
> > >
> > > Joe
> > >
> > > > -----Original Message-----
> > > > From: Bernard Aboba [mailto:bernard_aboba@hotmail.com]
> > > > Sent: Tuesday, May 02, 2006 5:54 AM
> > > > To: eap@frascone.com
> > > > Subject: [eap] Re: Issue 360: EMSK Transport
> > > >
> > > > Since EMSK sharing is prohibited elsewhere in the document,
> > > the text
> > > > to be deleted is redundant at best.  Any objections to
> > > accepting the
> > > > proposed change?
> > > >
> > > >
> > >
> > ---------------------------------------------------------------------
> > > > Issue 360: EMSK Transport
> > > > Submitter name: Vidya Narayanan
> > > > Submitter email address: vidyan@qualcomm.com Date
> > Submitted: May 1,
> > > > 2006
> > > > Reference: http://lists.frascone.com/pipermail/eap/msg04230.html
> > > > Document: KEYING-12
> > > > Comment type: 'T'echnical
> > > > Priority: '1' Should fix
> > > > Section: 2
> > > > Rationale/Explanation of issue:
> > > >
> > > > The section says "The EMSK MUST NOT be transported by the
> > > AAA layer."
> > > > Given that the EMSK usage is currently undefined, it is not
> > > clear if
> > > > it will be the AAA layer that derives further keys from the
> > > EMSK. In
> > > > fact, doing so will create disparate behavior at the peer
> > > and server,
> > > > since the peer does not have a AAA layer. Although this topic is
> > > > pending discussion, it seems restrictive to say MUST NOT
> > > here. It does
> > > > make sense, however, to say that the EMSK MUST NOT be
> > > transported to
> > > > additional parties.
> > > >
> > > >     Requested change:
> > > >
> > > > Delete the sentence "The EMSK MUST NOT be transported by the AAA
> > > > layer".
> > > >
> > > >
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To: "Salowey, Joe" <jsalowey@cisco.com>, <eap@frascone.com>
From: Lakshminath Dondeti <ldondeti@qualcomm.com>
Subject: Re: [eap] Issue: section 2.1 AAA key caching
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Hi Joe,

I don't understand the last sentence: "If the AAA layer does cache an 
MSK then the use of TSKs derived from the MSK MUST prevent key reuse. "

The rest of the text looks good and covers the robustness 
considerations you bring up.

regards,
Lakshminath

At 02:25 PM 5/2/2006, Salowey, Joe wrote:
>Submitter name: Joe Salowey
>Submitter email address: jsalowey@cisco.com
>Date first submitted: 05/02/06
>Reference:
>Document: Keying Framework
>Comment type:  T
>Priority:  2
>Section: 2.1
>Rationale/Explanation of issue:
>
>The Current draft states that keys may not be cached once transported. I
>am wondering if this is too restrictive.  Perhaps keys will be cached
>for session recovery and availability purposes.
>
>Suggested Text:
>
>  "In order to avoid key reuse, the AAA layer SHOULD delete transported
>   keys once they are sent.  The AAA layer SHOULD NOT retain keys that
>   it has previously sent.  For example, a AAA layer that has
>   transported the MSK SHOULD delete it.  If the AAA layer does cache an
>MSK
>   then the use of TSKs derived from the MSK MUST prevent key reuse. "
>
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Subject: Re: [eap] Re: Issue 352: Channel Binding Issue
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On Tue, May 02, 2006 at 12:26:42PM -0700, Bernard Aboba wrote:
> >Thank you for reading the document.  And the answer is, if the
> >generated "mixed" MSKs are carried in the existing AAA attributes
> >instead of carrying the MSKs, then no AAA attributes or communication
> >flow is required for EAP keying.
> 
> It might be worth saying a few words about this in the paragraph.  

I agree on adding a few words on this in the paragraph.

> Overall, 
> I'm not sure whether the Channel Binding text in the document is all that 
> consistent/comprehesive.


I agree with your opinion here as well.  Let me quote some
questionable part in Section 5.11 of eap-keying-13 below:


"
As noted in [RFC3748] Section 7.15, this vulnerability can be
addressed by EAP methods that support a protected exchange of channel
properties such as endpoint identifiers, including (but not limited
to): Called-Station-Id [RFC2865][RFC3580], Calling-Station-Id
[RFC2865][RFC3580], NAS-Identifier [RFC2865], NAS-IP-Address
[RFC2865], and NAS-IPv6-Address [RFC3162].
"

I'd mention that Channel Binding description in RFC3748 is somewhat
obsolete according to the recent discussion on the AAA server's
requirement on pre-configurating Channel Binding parameters.  Do we
need this paragraph?  Or instead we may have some explicit text here
to obsolete Channel Binding description in RFC3748.


"
Using such a protected exchange, it is possible to match the channel
properties provided by the authenticator via out-of-band mechanisms
against those exchanged within the EAP method.  For example, see the
discussion in Section 1.4 as well as [I-D.arkko-eap-service-identity-
auth].
"

According to the the AAA server's requirement on pre-configurating
Channel Binding parameters, I don't see the usefulness of
[I-D.arkko-eap-service-identity-auth].  Do we really need this
paragraph?


"
The main difference between these approaches is that Channel Binding
support within an EAP method may require upgrading or changing the
EAP method, impacting both the peer and the server.   Where Channel
Bindings are implemented in AAA,  the peer, authenticator and the
backend server need to be upgraded, but the EAP method need not be
modified.
"

If we have only one Channel Binding method, we don't need this
comparison.


Best regards,
Yoshihiro Ohba
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Subject: RE: [eap] Re: issue 357: Channel Binding Definition
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Thread-Topic: [eap] Re: issue 357: Channel Binding Definition
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From: "Narayanan, Vidya" <vidyan@qualcomm.com>
To: "Bernard Aboba" <bernard_aboba@hotmail.com>, <eap@frascone.com>
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I don't think the channel binding information needs to be the same for
all parties. For e.g., consider a case where the server has a view of
the SSIDs for which a given MSK is valid. The peer at a given moment may
only see a subset of the SSIDs - as it moves though, it needs to know
that a new SSID it sees may or may not use that MSK for TSK derivation.=20

For this reason, actually mixing of the keys with channel binding data
doesn't quite make sense to me yet. This implies that the peer has a
complete view of the channel binding data at a given time, which does
not seem to make practical sense in all models of deployment.=20

It may make sense for the peer have the entire channel binding data from
the server - as it moves, it can compare to see if what it sees is a
subset of that data it received from the server or not. Alternately, the
peer just needs confirmation from the server that what it sees is valid.


Vidya

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Bernard Aboba [mailto:bernard_aboba@hotmail.com]=20
> Sent: Tuesday, May 02, 2006 12:23 PM
> To: Narayanan, Vidya; eap@frascone.com
> Subject: RE: [eap] Re: issue 357: Channel Binding Definition
>=20
> That makes sense.  Do we also need to indicate that the=20
> channel bindings need to be the same for all parties?  For example:
>=20
> "Channel Binding
>=20
> A secure mechanism for ensuring the synchronization and=20
> correctness of channel properties (such as endpoint=20
> identifiers) provided to the EAP peer, authenticator and server."
>=20
> >Minor clarification:
> >
> >"Channel Binding
> >
> >A *secure* mechanism for ensuring the correctness of channel=20
> properties=20
> >(such as endpoint identifiers) provided to the EAP peer,=20
> authenticator=20
> >and server. "
> >
> >The word secure is to imply that if this data is in fact=20
> sent as a blob=20
> >between the peer and server, it must be integrity protected.
> >
> >Vidya
>=20
>=20
>=20
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	"Dondeti, Lakshminath" <ldondeti@qualcomm.com>, <eap@frascone.com>
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Bernard, Lakshminath,
While this is an interesting discussion, I feel that the EMSK specifics
with respect to caching and lifetime as well as child key properties
need to be discussed in the EMSK usage document. We can continue having
this discussion in light of the EMSK usage document.=20

For the purpose of EAP keying document, can we not add that sentence
about a future EMSK usage document and leave it at that?=20

However, if there are things that need to be clarified here with respect
to the MSK, we should certainly do that in this document.=20

Thanks,
Vidya=20

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Bernard Aboba [mailto:bernard_aboba@hotmail.com]=20
> Sent: Tuesday, May 02, 2006 12:19 PM
> To: Dondeti, Lakshminath; eap@frascone.com
> Subject: Re: [eap] Re: issue 361: child key expiry
>=20
> >I wasn't thinking about PANA, but thinking about the use=20
> case of client=20
> >authentication in IPsec remote access using EAP.  Whereas EAP can be=20
> >used every time, it is plausible that the MSK is cached as the IKEv2=20
> >Preshared key for future authentication to avoid EAP latency.
>=20
> Perhaps we can say that RFC 4306 does not support key=20
> caching?  It seems that an extension to IKEv2 would be=20
> required to support this, since otherwise the IKE initiator=20
> and responder couldn't negotiate whether cached EAP keys are=20
> to be used, and if so, which ones.
>=20
> >>Are you suggesting that there might be situations in which EAP keys=20
> >>aren't used for key derivation, but compromise might still=20
> be possible?
> >
> >No.  I am asking if the MSK/EMSK figures into the key=20
> derivation, say=20
> >only partially (say along with DH), compromise of MSK/EMSK means=20
> >compromise of derived keys.  I was then saying perhaps that is too=20
> >restrictive, but I'd contend not, unless there is a strong=20
> case made for the alternative.
>=20
> OK.  If the MSK/EMSK were mixed into the key derivation, then=20
> there might be some weakening of the key derivation.  How=20
> much depends on the algorithm.
>=20
> >If that's confusing too, please let me know.
>=20
> I understand the point.... question is how we make it clear=20
> in the text.
>=20
> >>Right.  And by the same logic, the MSK and EMSK might expire at=20
> >>different times.  I'm not sure that the key lifetime section takes=20
> >>that into account adequately.
> >
> >That sounds right and the clarification will be good.
>=20
> Suggestions welcome.
>=20
> >>This makes sense assuming that the entity authentiation keys aren't=20
> >>themselves derived from the EMSK.
> >
> >Even if entity authentication keys are derived from the EMSK, the=20
> >guideline applies, I think.  Suppose the EMSK supports=20
> derivation of a=20
> >traffic key and a separate entity authentication key,=20
> wouldn't it make=20
> >sense to say that, all other things being equal, the traffic=20
> key will=20
> >have a shorter lifetime than the entity authentication key,=20
> based on key usage?
>=20
> Yes, it would make sense.   I guess I'd distinguish between a=20
> key calculated=20
> from the EMSK (e.g. AMSK) and a TSK.  The AMSK formulas that=20
> have been suggested so far are static -- that is, they are=20
> based on a key-label, but do not generate a fresh key every=20
> time they are invoked on the same EMSK, in the way that some=20
> TSK derivations do (e.g. 802.11i 4-way handshake).
>=20
> Unless there is an ability to generate fresh keys without an=20
> EAP re-authentication, then when the derived keyexpires it is=20
> necessary to do an EAP re-authentication.  With TSKs it may=20
> be possible to do a re-key independent of EAP (e.g. 802.11i=20
> 4-way handshake).
>=20
>=20
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Subject: RE: [eap] Re: Issue 352: Channel Binding Issue
Date: Tue, 2 May 2006 15:18:20 -0700
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Thread-Topic: [eap] Re: Issue 352: Channel Binding Issue
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From: "Salowey, Joe" <jsalowey@cisco.com>
To: "Yoshihiro Ohba" <yohba@tari.toshiba.com>,
	"Bernard Aboba" <bernard_aboba@hotmail.com>
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=20

> As noted in [RFC3748] Section 7.15, this vulnerability can be
> addressed by EAP methods that support a protected exchange of channel
> properties such as endpoint identifiers, including (but not limited
> to): Called-Station-Id [RFC2865][RFC3580], Calling-Station-Id
> [RFC2865][RFC3580], NAS-Identifier [RFC2865], NAS-IP-Address
> [RFC2865], and NAS-IPv6-Address [RFC3162].
> "
>=20
> I'd mention that Channel Binding description in RFC3748 is somewhat
> obsolete according to the recent discussion on the AAA server's
> requirement on pre-configurating Channel Binding parameters.  Do we
> need this paragraph?  Or instead we may have some explicit text here
> to obsolete Channel Binding description in RFC3748.
>=20
[Joe] I don't see how this text is obsolete.  Channel binding is not
just an EAP-keying concept.=20

>=20
> "
> Using such a protected exchange, it is possible to match the channel
> properties provided by the authenticator via out-of-band mechanisms
> against those exchanged within the EAP method.  For example, see the
> discussion in Section 1.4 as well as [I-D.arkko-eap-service-identity-
> auth].
> "
>=20
> According to the the AAA server's requirement on pre-configurating
> Channel Binding parameters, I don't see the usefulness of
> [I-D.arkko-eap-service-identity-auth].  Do we really need this
> paragraph?
>=20
[Joe] It still seems useful to me.=20


>=20
> "
> The main difference between these approaches is that Channel Binding
> support within an EAP method may require upgrading or changing the
> EAP method, impacting both the peer and the server.   Where Channel
> Bindings are implemented in AAA,  the peer, authenticator and the
> backend server need to be upgraded, but the EAP method need not be
> modified.
> "
>=20
> If we have only one Channel Binding method, we don't need this
> comparison.

[Joe] I don't think this is the place to define one method.


> Best regards,
> Yoshihiro Ohba
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Subject: RE: [eap] Re: Issue 352: Channel Binding Issue
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I'm not sure that carrying "mixed" MSKs in existing attributes is such a
good idea,  how does the authenticator know what it is getting?=20

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Bernard Aboba [mailto:bernard_aboba@hotmail.com]=20
> Sent: Tuesday, May 02, 2006 12:27 PM
> To: yohba@tari.toshiba.com
> Cc: eap@frascone.com
> Subject: Re: [eap] Re: Issue 352: Channel Binding Issue
>=20
> >Thank you for reading the document.  And the answer is, if the
> >generated "mixed" MSKs are carried in the existing AAA attributes
> >instead of carrying the MSKs, then no AAA attributes or communication
> >flow is required for EAP keying.
>=20
> It might be worth saying a few words about this in the=20
> paragraph.  Overall,=20
> I'm not sure whether the Channel Binding text in the document=20
> is all that=20
> consistent/comprehesive.
>=20
>=20
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From: Yoshihiro Ohba <yohba@tari.toshiba.com>
Subject: Re: [eap] Re: issue 357: Channel Binding Definition
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On Tue, May 02, 2006 at 03:02:21PM -0700, Narayanan, Vidya wrote:
> I don't think the channel binding information needs to be the same for
> all parties. For e.g., consider a case where the server has a view of
> the SSIDs for which a given MSK is valid. The peer at a given moment may
> only see a subset of the SSIDs - as it moves though, it needs to know
> that a new SSID it sees may or may not use that MSK for TSK derivation. 
> 
> For this reason, actually mixing of the keys with channel binding data
> doesn't quite make sense to me yet. This implies that the peer has a
> complete view of the channel binding data at a given time, which does
> not seem to make practical sense in all models of deployment. 

Since I don't think the complete channel binding data is so large, I don't 
see a practical issue here.  What is deployment scenario in your mind?

> 
> It may make sense for the peer have the entire channel binding data from
> the server - as it moves, it can compare to see if what it sees is a
> subset of that data it received from the server or not. 

I don't think only comparing subset of that data with the server does
not work for Channel Binding verification, as an attacker can still
fool around the rest of data that is not part of the subset.

> Alternately, the
> peer just needs confirmation from the server that what it sees is valid.

This requires channel bindind data to be sent from the peer to server, 
while the server pre-configures the channel bindind data.  This is 
redundant information exchange to me.

Yoshihiro Ohba



> 
> 
> Vidya
> 
> > -----Original Message-----
> > From: Bernard Aboba [mailto:bernard_aboba@hotmail.com] 
> > Sent: Tuesday, May 02, 2006 12:23 PM
> > To: Narayanan, Vidya; eap@frascone.com
> > Subject: RE: [eap] Re: issue 357: Channel Binding Definition
> > 
> > That makes sense.  Do we also need to indicate that the 
> > channel bindings need to be the same for all parties?  For example:
> > 
> > "Channel Binding
> > 
> > A secure mechanism for ensuring the synchronization and 
> > correctness of channel properties (such as endpoint 
> > identifiers) provided to the EAP peer, authenticator and server."
> > 
> > >Minor clarification:
> > >
> > >"Channel Binding
> > >
> > >A *secure* mechanism for ensuring the correctness of channel 
> > properties 
> > >(such as endpoint identifiers) provided to the EAP peer, 
> > authenticator 
> > >and server. "
> > >
> > >The word secure is to imply that if this data is in fact 
> > sent as a blob 
> > >between the peer and server, it must be integrity protected.
> > >
> > >Vidya
> > 
> > 
> > 
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Date: Tue, 02 May 2006 18:55:29 -0400
From: Yoshihiro Ohba <yohba@tari.toshiba.com>
Subject: Re: [eap] Re: Issue 352: Channel Binding Issue
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On Tue, May 02, 2006 at 03:21:19PM -0700, Salowey, Joe wrote:
> I'm not sure that carrying "mixed" MSKs in existing attributes is such a
> good idea,  how does the authenticator know what it is getting? 

I don't think the authenticator needs to know whether the received key
is the MSK or mixed MSK, as long as both the peer and authenticator
obtains the same key.

Yoshihiro Ohba


> 
> > -----Original Message-----
> > From: Bernard Aboba [mailto:bernard_aboba@hotmail.com] 
> > Sent: Tuesday, May 02, 2006 12:27 PM
> > To: yohba@tari.toshiba.com
> > Cc: eap@frascone.com
> > Subject: Re: [eap] Re: Issue 352: Channel Binding Issue
> > 
> > >Thank you for reading the document.  And the answer is, if the
> > >generated "mixed" MSKs are carried in the existing AAA attributes
> > >instead of carrying the MSKs, then no AAA attributes or communication
> > >flow is required for EAP keying.
> > 
> > It might be worth saying a few words about this in the 
> > paragraph.  Overall, 
> > I'm not sure whether the Channel Binding text in the document 
> > is all that 
> > consistent/comprehesive.
> > 
> > 
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Right.  The method just outputs the MSK/EMSK.  As long as the same MSK is 
outputted on both the EAP peer and server, the authenticator doesn't need to 
know what channel bindings were mixed in.


>From: Yoshihiro Ohba <yohba@tari.toshiba.com>
>To: "Salowey, Joe" <jsalowey@cisco.com>
>CC: Bernard Aboba <bernard_aboba@hotmail.com>, yohba@tari.toshiba.com,      
>   eap@frascone.com
>Subject: Re: [eap] Re: Issue 352: Channel Binding Issue
>Date: Tue, 02 May 2006 18:55:29 -0400
>
>On Tue, May 02, 2006 at 03:21:19PM -0700, Salowey, Joe wrote:
> > I'm not sure that carrying "mixed" MSKs in existing attributes is such a
> > good idea,  how does the authenticator know what it is getting?
>
>I don't think the authenticator needs to know whether the received key
>is the MSK or mixed MSK, as long as both the peer and authenticator
>obtains the same key.
>
>Yoshihiro Ohba
>
>
> >
> > > -----Original Message-----
> > > From: Bernard Aboba [mailto:bernard_aboba@hotmail.com]
> > > Sent: Tuesday, May 02, 2006 12:27 PM
> > > To: yohba@tari.toshiba.com
> > > Cc: eap@frascone.com
> > > Subject: Re: [eap] Re: Issue 352: Channel Binding Issue
> > >
> > > >Thank you for reading the document.  And the answer is, if the
> > > >generated "mixed" MSKs are carried in the existing AAA attributes
> > > >instead of carrying the MSKs, then no AAA attributes or communication
> > > >flow is required for EAP keying.
> > >
> > > It might be worth saying a few words about this in the
> > > paragraph.  Overall,
> > > I'm not sure whether the Channel Binding text in the document
> > > is all that
> > > consistent/comprehesive.
> > >
> > >
> > > _________________________________________________________________
> > > To unsubscribe or modify your subscription options, please visit:
> > > http://lists.frascone.com/mailman/listinfo/eap
> > >
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> >
> >


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Submitter name: Joe Salowey
Submitter email address: jsalowey@cisco.com
Date first submitted: 05/02/06
Reference:=20
Document: Keying Framework
Comment type:  T
Priority:  1 =20
Section: 2.2.1
Rationale/Explanation of issue:

Ambiguous use of "identifier":

It is not clear in this section what the identifier is and what it is
identifying. =20

Does this section mean to suggest that lower layer entities identify
themselves using NAS-ID instead of layer addresses?  I'm not sure that
this is a good thing or even really possible.  It seems that lower layer
entities will identify themselves based on something related to lower
layer addresses.  It seems that if a lower layer implements key caching
then it needs an identifier to identify the scope of the cache.  This
identifier can be the NAS-ID.

I'm not quite sure I understand this section, but I think it just needs
to be clearer about what identity is being talked about.=20

This section does not contain any description of how existing lower
layers deal with authenticator identity.  Are such examples available?
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Subject: RE: [eap] Re: Issue 352: Channel Binding Issue
Date: Tue, 2 May 2006 16:23:22 -0700
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From: "Salowey, Joe" <jsalowey@cisco.com>
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	<yohba@tari.toshiba.com>
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Hmmm...=20

Peer gets MSK from EAP and mixes it with Y to get MSKY=20
Authenticator gets mixed MSKY in exisitng AAA attribute, since this is
an exisitng attribute it thinks it is just the MSK and mixes it with Y
to get MSKYY.  MSKY and MSKYY don't match.

It seems to me a separate attribute would really be better.=20


> -----Original Message-----
> From: Bernard Aboba [mailto:bernard_aboba@hotmail.com]=20
> Sent: Tuesday, May 02, 2006 3:58 PM
> To: yohba@tari.toshiba.com; Salowey, Joe
> Cc: eap@frascone.com
> Subject: Re: [eap] Re: Issue 352: Channel Binding Issue
>=20
> Right.  The method just outputs the MSK/EMSK.  As long as the=20
> same MSK is=20
> outputted on both the EAP peer and server, the authenticator=20
> doesn't need to=20
> know what channel bindings were mixed in.
>=20
>=20
> >From: Yoshihiro Ohba <yohba@tari.toshiba.com>
> >To: "Salowey, Joe" <jsalowey@cisco.com>
> >CC: Bernard Aboba <bernard_aboba@hotmail.com>,=20
> yohba@tari.toshiba.com,     =20
> >   eap@frascone.com
> >Subject: Re: [eap] Re: Issue 352: Channel Binding Issue
> >Date: Tue, 02 May 2006 18:55:29 -0400
> >
> >On Tue, May 02, 2006 at 03:21:19PM -0700, Salowey, Joe wrote:
> > > I'm not sure that carrying "mixed" MSKs in existing=20
> attributes is such a
> > > good idea,  how does the authenticator know what it is getting?
> >
> >I don't think the authenticator needs to know whether the=20
> received key
> >is the MSK or mixed MSK, as long as both the peer and authenticator
> >obtains the same key.
> >
> >Yoshihiro Ohba
> >
> >
> > >
> > > > -----Original Message-----
> > > > From: Bernard Aboba [mailto:bernard_aboba@hotmail.com]
> > > > Sent: Tuesday, May 02, 2006 12:27 PM
> > > > To: yohba@tari.toshiba.com
> > > > Cc: eap@frascone.com
> > > > Subject: Re: [eap] Re: Issue 352: Channel Binding Issue
> > > >
> > > > >Thank you for reading the document.  And the answer is, if the
> > > > >generated "mixed" MSKs are carried in the existing AAA=20
> attributes
> > > > >instead of carrying the MSKs, then no AAA attributes=20
> or communication
> > > > >flow is required for EAP keying.
> > > >
> > > > It might be worth saying a few words about this in the
> > > > paragraph.  Overall,
> > > > I'm not sure whether the Channel Binding text in the document
> > > > is all that
> > > > consistent/comprehesive.
> > > >
> > > >
> > > >=20
> _________________________________________________________________
> > > > To unsubscribe or modify your subscription options,=20
> please visit:
> > > > http://lists.frascone.com/mailman/listinfo/eap
> > > >
> > > > Arhives: http://lists.frascone.com/pipermail/eap
> > > >
> > >
> > >
>=20
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Date: Tue, 02 May 2006 19:18:52 -0400
From: Yoshihiro Ohba <yohba@tari.toshiba.com>
Subject: Re: [eap] Re: Issue 352: Channel Binding Issue
In-reply-to: <7210B31550AC934A8637D6619739CE6906F6327D@e2k-sea-xch2.sea-alpha.cisco.com>
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On Tue, May 02, 2006 at 03:18:20PM -0700, Salowey, Joe wrote:
>  
> 
> > As noted in [RFC3748] Section 7.15, this vulnerability can be
> > addressed by EAP methods that support a protected exchange of channel
> > properties such as endpoint identifiers, including (but not limited
> > to): Called-Station-Id [RFC2865][RFC3580], Calling-Station-Id
> > [RFC2865][RFC3580], NAS-Identifier [RFC2865], NAS-IP-Address
> > [RFC2865], and NAS-IPv6-Address [RFC3162].
> > "
> > 
> > I'd mention that Channel Binding description in RFC3748 is somewhat
> > obsolete according to the recent discussion on the AAA server's
> > requirement on pre-configurating Channel Binding parameters.  Do we
> > need this paragraph?  Or instead we may have some explicit text here
> > to obsolete Channel Binding description in RFC3748.
> > 
> [Joe] I don't see how this text is obsolete.  Channel binding is not
> just an EAP-keying concept. 

I'd say the Channel Binding problem description in RFC3748 is valid,
but the solution described in RFC 3748 would be a bit obsolete.

> 
> > 
> > "
> > Using such a protected exchange, it is possible to match the channel
> > properties provided by the authenticator via out-of-band mechanisms
> > against those exchanged within the EAP method.  For example, see the
> > discussion in Section 1.4 as well as [I-D.arkko-eap-service-identity-
> > auth].
> > "
> > 
> > According to the the AAA server's requirement on pre-configurating
> > Channel Binding parameters, I don't see the usefulness of
> > [I-D.arkko-eap-service-identity-auth].  Do we really need this
> > paragraph?
> > 
> [Joe] It still seems useful to me. 

Can you elaborate on how it is useful?

Regards,
Yoshihiro Ohba


> 
> 
> > 
> > "
> > The main difference between these approaches is that Channel Binding
> > support within an EAP method may require upgrading or changing the
> > EAP method, impacting both the peer and the server.   Where Channel
> > Bindings are implemented in AAA,  the peer, authenticator and the
> > backend server need to be upgraded, but the EAP method need not be
> > modified.
> > "
> > 
> > If we have only one Channel Binding method, we don't need this
> > comparison.
> 
> [Joe] I don't think this is the place to define one method.
> 
> 
> > Best regards,
> > Yoshihiro Ohba
> > _________________________________________________________________
> > To unsubscribe or modify your subscription options, please visit:
> > http://lists.frascone.com/mailman/listinfo/eap
> > 
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> > 
> 
> 
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From: "Bernard Aboba" <bernard_aboba@hotmail.com>
To: yohba@tari.toshiba.com, vidyan@qualcomm.com
Subject: Re: [eap] Re: issue 357: Channel Binding Definition
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> > I don't think the channel binding information needs to be the same for
> > all parties.

The goal of Channel Bindings is to ensure that the EAP peer and server 
obtain correct information from the EAP authenticator.  If a parameter is 
being validated by channel bindings and the authenticator gives a different 
value to the peer and server, then it will be detected.

It is true that all participants may not have complete knowledge of all the 
channel properties.  But if a parameter is included in channel bindings, 
then the goal is to ensure that the peer and server are hearing the same 
thing from the authenticator, so it seems to me that channel binding 
parameters need to be known by the peer, authenticator and server.

>For e.g., consider a case where the server has a view of the SSIDs for 
>which a given MSK is valid.

The server may have an opinion as to what SSIDs the peer is allowed to use 
(e.g. Allowed-SSIDs).  This is useful in EAP pre-authentication where the 
server may not know what SSID the client wants to access yet (this isn't 
known until the peer associates).   However in this case the SSID would not 
be considered to be part of channel bindings since the EAP peer has the 
information, but the authenticator and server do not.  As a result, the peer 
cannot ask the server to verify the SSID, or include it in the calculation 
of the MSK.

>As it moves though, it needs to know that a new SSID it sees may or may not 
>use that MSK for >TSK derivation.

In 802.11, the advertisement of AP capabilities is handled in the Beacon.  
This allows the STA to know what security mechanisms are being used (WPA2, 
11r, 11w, etc.).  The capabilities are verified in the handshake between the 
STA and AP.

However, there are AAA attributes corresponding to the AP security 
capabilities so that it is not possible for the EAP peer and server to 
verify that the authenticator has told them the same thing.  As a result, I 
don't think that 802.11 security capabilites can be considered "channel 
bindings".


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Date: Tue, 02 May 2006 19:22:37 -0400
From: Yoshihiro Ohba <yohba@tari.toshiba.com>
Subject: Re: [eap] Re: Issue 352: Channel Binding Issue
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On Tue, May 02, 2006 at 04:23:22PM -0700, Salowey, Joe wrote:
> Hmmm... 
> 
> Peer gets MSK from EAP and mixes it with Y to get MSKY 
> Authenticator gets mixed MSKY in exisitng AAA attribute, since this is
> an exisitng attribute it thinks it is just the MSK and mixes it with Y
> to get MSKYY.  MSKY and MSKYY don't match.

There is some misunderstanding.  If the authenticator is supposed to
further mix Y to get MSKYY from MSKY, then the peer is also supposed
to further mix Y to get MSKYY from MSKY.

Yoshihiro Ohba



> 
> It seems to me a separate attribute would really be better. 
> 
> 
> > -----Original Message-----
> > From: Bernard Aboba [mailto:bernard_aboba@hotmail.com] 
> > Sent: Tuesday, May 02, 2006 3:58 PM
> > To: yohba@tari.toshiba.com; Salowey, Joe
> > Cc: eap@frascone.com
> > Subject: Re: [eap] Re: Issue 352: Channel Binding Issue
> > 
> > Right.  The method just outputs the MSK/EMSK.  As long as the 
> > same MSK is 
> > outputted on both the EAP peer and server, the authenticator 
> > doesn't need to 
> > know what channel bindings were mixed in.
> > 
> > 
> > >From: Yoshihiro Ohba <yohba@tari.toshiba.com>
> > >To: "Salowey, Joe" <jsalowey@cisco.com>
> > >CC: Bernard Aboba <bernard_aboba@hotmail.com>, 
> > yohba@tari.toshiba.com,      
> > >   eap@frascone.com
> > >Subject: Re: [eap] Re: Issue 352: Channel Binding Issue
> > >Date: Tue, 02 May 2006 18:55:29 -0400
> > >
> > >On Tue, May 02, 2006 at 03:21:19PM -0700, Salowey, Joe wrote:
> > > > I'm not sure that carrying "mixed" MSKs in existing 
> > attributes is such a
> > > > good idea,  how does the authenticator know what it is getting?
> > >
> > >I don't think the authenticator needs to know whether the 
> > received key
> > >is the MSK or mixed MSK, as long as both the peer and authenticator
> > >obtains the same key.
> > >
> > >Yoshihiro Ohba
> > >
> > >
> > > >
> > > > > -----Original Message-----
> > > > > From: Bernard Aboba [mailto:bernard_aboba@hotmail.com]
> > > > > Sent: Tuesday, May 02, 2006 12:27 PM
> > > > > To: yohba@tari.toshiba.com
> > > > > Cc: eap@frascone.com
> > > > > Subject: Re: [eap] Re: Issue 352: Channel Binding Issue
> > > > >
> > > > > >Thank you for reading the document.  And the answer is, if the
> > > > > >generated "mixed" MSKs are carried in the existing AAA 
> > attributes
> > > > > >instead of carrying the MSKs, then no AAA attributes 
> > or communication
> > > > > >flow is required for EAP keying.
> > > > >
> > > > > It might be worth saying a few words about this in the
> > > > > paragraph.  Overall,
> > > > > I'm not sure whether the Channel Binding text in the document
> > > > > is all that
> > > > > consistent/comprehesive.
> > > > >
> > > > >
> > > > > 
> > _________________________________________________________________
> > > > > To unsubscribe or modify your subscription options, 
> > please visit:
> > > > > http://lists.frascone.com/mailman/listinfo/eap
> > > > >
> > > > > Arhives: http://lists.frascone.com/pipermail/eap
> > > > >
> > > >
> > > >
> > 
> 
> 
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I'm ok with this.

>From: "Salowey, Joe" <jsalowey@cisco.com>
>To: "Narayanan, Vidya" <vidyan@qualcomm.com>,        "Bernard Aboba" 
><bernard_aboba@hotmail.com>, <eap@frascone.com>
>Subject: RE: [eap] Re: Issue 360: EMSK Transport
>Date: Tue, 2 May 2006 13:50:49 -0700
>
>The document should not discuss where the EMSK is exported to from the
>EAP method as this may be implementation dependent.
>
>Here is some suggested text (should go in 1.4 instead of section 2).
>
>"The EMSK MUST NOT be provided to an entity outside the EAP server or
>    peer,  nor is it permitted to pass any quantity to an entity outside
>    the EAP server or peer from which the EMSK could be computed without
>    breaking some cryptographic assumption, such as inverting a one-way
>    function.  The EMSK MUST NOT be transported outside the EAP Server
>    by the AAA layer.  As noted in [RFC3748] Section 7.10:"
>
>Joe


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Reply-To: "Fastred Sable" <fastsable@andesgear.cl>
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Submitter name: Joe Salowey
Submitter email address: jsalowey@cisco.com
Date first submitted: 05/02/06
Reference:=20
Document: Keying Framework
Comment type:  E
Priority:  2 =20
Section: 2.2.2
Rationale/Explanation of issue:

What is the specific vulnerability in this situation?

 " For example, the peer may assume that the "virtual
   authenticators" are distinct and do not share a key cache, whereas,
   depending on the architecture of the physical authenticator, a shared
   key cache may or may not be implemented."

Maybe it should describe the peer problems that arise when you have
different authenticators that provide different levels of services,
similar to the authenticator problems in the next paragraph?=20

I'm not sure how recommendation [i] is related to the example of the
corporate/guest problem in the second paragraph.
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I think that section 2.2.1 also needs to be retitled as well, for the same 
reasons.

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ISSUE: Section 2.2 title
From: Salowey, Joe (jsaloweycisco.com)
Date: Tue, 2 May 2006 13:58:19 -0700 (PDT)

Submitter name: Joe Salowey
Submitter email address: jsalowey [at] cisco.com
Date first submitted: 05/02/06
Reference:Document: Keying Framework
Comment type: 'E'ditorial
Priority: '1' Should fix
Section: Section 2.2
Rationale/Explanation of issue:

This section discusses peer architecture as well as authenticator
architecture.

Suggest title:

"2.2.  Authenticator and Peer Architecture"


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Subject: RE: [eap] Issue: section 2.1 AAA key caching
Date: Tue, 2 May 2006 16:46:03 -0700
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Thread-Topic: [eap] Issue: section 2.1 AAA key caching
Thread-Index: AcZuM2pYCeyoyoduTqSDpc8ino3dsAADXtEA
From: "Salowey, Joe" <jsalowey@cisco.com>
To: "Lakshminath Dondeti" <ldondeti@qualcomm.com>, <eap@frascone.com>
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The intent is to make sure that if you are going to re-use the MSK that
you should have some making sure that the keys you derive from it will
not be re-used if you re-use the MSK,  for example incorporating  the
peer and authenticator nonce's in the TSK derivation in the SAP.
Perhaps the following would be better:

"If the AAA layer does cache an MSK then the derivation of TSKs derived
from the MSK MUST prevent key reuse. "

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Lakshminath Dondeti [mailto:ldondeti@qualcomm.com]=20
> Sent: Tuesday, May 02, 2006 2:50 PM
> To: Salowey, Joe; eap@frascone.com
> Subject: Re: [eap] Issue: section 2.1 AAA key caching
>=20
> Hi Joe,
>=20
> I don't understand the last sentence: "If the AAA layer does cache an=20
> MSK then the use of TSKs derived from the MSK MUST prevent=20
> key reuse. "
>=20
> The rest of the text looks good and covers the robustness=20
> considerations you bring up.
>=20
> regards,
> Lakshminath
>=20
> At 02:25 PM 5/2/2006, Salowey, Joe wrote:
> >Submitter name: Joe Salowey
> >Submitter email address: jsalowey@cisco.com
> >Date first submitted: 05/02/06
> >Reference:
> >Document: Keying Framework
> >Comment type:  T
> >Priority:  2
> >Section: 2.1
> >Rationale/Explanation of issue:
> >
> >The Current draft states that keys may not be cached once=20
> transported. I
> >am wondering if this is too restrictive.  Perhaps keys will be cached
> >for session recovery and availability purposes.
> >
> >Suggested Text:
> >
> >  "In order to avoid key reuse, the AAA layer SHOULD delete=20
> transported
> >   keys once they are sent.  The AAA layer SHOULD NOT retain=20
> keys that
> >   it has previously sent.  For example, a AAA layer that has
> >   transported the MSK SHOULD delete it.  If the AAA layer=20
> does cache an
> >MSK
> >   then the use of TSKs derived from the MSK MUST prevent=20
> key reuse. "
> >
> >_________________________________________________________________
> >To unsubscribe or modify your subscription options, please visit:
> >http://lists.frascone.com/mailman/listinfo/eap
> >
> >Arhives: http://lists.frascone.com/pipermail/eap
>=20
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Subject: RE: [eap] Re: Issue 356: Ciphersuite Independence
Date: Tue, 2 May 2006 16:55:05 -0700
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Thread-Topic: [eap] Re: Issue 356: Ciphersuite Independence
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From: "Salowey, Joe" <jsalowey@cisco.com>
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I think saying that=20

"The strength of the exported key material should not be less than the
desired strength of the TSKs used in the lower layer."

May be sufficient, but perhaps we should add:

"The requirements of the lower layer TSK strength are not communicated
through EAP."
  =20

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Bernard Aboba [mailto:bernard_aboba@hotmail.com]=20
> Sent: Monday, May 01, 2006 6:43 PM
> To: eap@frascone.com
> Subject: [eap] Re: Issue 356: Ciphersuite Independence
>=20
> The text of Issue 356 is given below.
>=20
> Section 3.7 says the following:
>=20
> "In order to guard against brute force attacks, EAP methods=20
> supporting key=20
> derivation
> need to be capable of generating keying material with an appropriate
> effective symmetric key strength.  In order to ensure that EAP key
> generation is not the weakest link, it is RECOMMENDED that EAP methods
> utilizing public key cryptography choose a public key that has a
> cryptographic strength meeting the symmetric key strength=20
> requirement."
>=20
> The text is accurate as far as it goes, but it occurs to me=20
> that this is not=20
> the complete story.  Even if the EAP keying material is of sufficient=20
> strength, attacks on the transient session keys might still=20
> be possible. =20
> For example in IKEv2, EAP is not used for key derivation, just=20
> authentication; key derivation is handled by IKEv2 (e.g. DH).=20
>  If IKEv2 does=20
> not negotiate adequate strength for the key derivation (e.g.=20
> 512-bit key for=20
> DH) the TSKs will be weak regardless of how strong the EAP=20
> keying material=20
> is, since the MSK is only used for authentication, not key=20
> derivation. =20
> Similarly in 802.16 the TSKs are generated purely by the Base=20
> Station.  If=20
> BS does not have a good random number generator, it would be=20
> possible to=20
> crack the TSKs without having to brute force the EAP keying=20
> material.  So in=20
> both the IKEv2 and 802.16 cases, strong EAP keying material=20
> is necessary,=20
> but not sufficient to ensure strong TSKs.
>=20
> Given this, I am wondering what text is appropriate relating=20
> to "system=20
> level coordination" in Section 1.6.4.  I think we can say=20
> that the strength=20
> of the EAP keying material should not be less than the=20
> strength of the=20
> desired TSKs.  But I'm not clear what we can say about=20
> "coordination" beyond=20
> that.
>=20
> Can someone suggest text?
>=20
> --------------------------------------------------------------
> --------------------------------------------
> Issue 356: Ciphersuite Independence
> Submitter name: Joe Salowey
> Submitter email address: jsalowey@cisco.com
> Date Submitted: April 30, 2006
> Reference: http://lists.frascone.com/pipermail/eap/msg04223.html
> Document: KEYING-12
> Comment type: 'E'ditorial
> Priority: '2' May fix
> Section: 1.6.4
> Rationale/Explanation of issue:
>=20
> Section 3.7 implies that there is a system level coordination between
> the strength of the keys exported by the EAP method and the=20
> strength of
> keys required by the lower layer.
>=20
> This section should reference this and indicate that the=20
> coordination is
> done outside of EAP.
>=20
>=20
> _________________________________________________________________
> To unsubscribe or modify your subscription options, please visit:
> http://lists.frascone.com/mailman/listinfo/eap
>=20
> Arhives: http://lists.frascone.com/pipermail/eap
>=20
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Subject: RE: [eap] Re: Issue 360: EMSK Transport
Date: Tue, 2 May 2006 17:12:40 -0700
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Thread-Topic: [eap] Re: Issue 360: EMSK Transport
Thread-Index: AcZuM1PcTtNlBG71QTeDAhxH5smHmAAEE6cA
From: "Salowey, Joe" <jsalowey@cisco.com>
To: "Lakshminath Dondeti" <ldondeti@qualcomm.com>,
	"Narayanan, Vidya" <vidyan@qualcomm.com>,
	"Bernard Aboba" <bernard_aboba@hotmail.com>, <eap@frascone.com>
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After reading the text again I would be OK removing the specifc text
about the AAA layer. =20

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Lakshminath Dondeti [mailto:ldondeti@qualcomm.com]=20
> Sent: Tuesday, May 02, 2006 2:46 PM
> To: Salowey, Joe; Narayanan, Vidya; Bernard Aboba; eap@frascone.com
> Subject: RE: [eap] Re: Issue 360: EMSK Transport
>=20
> I am having a logical problem parsing "The EMSK MUST NOT be=20
> transported outside the EAP Server by the AAA layer."
>=20
> Does that allow transport of EMSK by other layers?  I know that's not=20
> the intent.
>=20
> regards,
> Lakshminath
>=20
> At 01:50 PM 5/2/2006, Salowey, Joe wrote:
> >The document should not discuss where the EMSK is exported=20
> to from the
> >EAP method as this may be implementation dependent.
> >
> >Here is some suggested text (should go in 1.4 instead of section 2).
> >
> >"The EMSK MUST NOT be provided to an entity outside the EAP server or
> >    peer,  nor is it permitted to pass any quantity to an=20
> entity outside
> >    the EAP server or peer from which the EMSK could be=20
> computed without
> >    breaking some cryptographic assumption, such as=20
> inverting a one-way
> >    function.  The EMSK MUST NOT be transported outside the=20
> EAP Server
> >    by the AAA layer.  As noted in [RFC3748] Section 7.10:"
> >
> >Joe
> >
> > > -----Original Message-----
> > > From: Narayanan, Vidya [mailto:vidyan@qualcomm.com]
> > > Sent: Tuesday, May 02, 2006 12:07 PM
> > > To: Salowey, Joe; Bernard Aboba; eap@frascone.com
> > > Subject: RE: [eap] Re: Issue 360: EMSK Transport
> > >
> > > Hi Joe,
> > > The text suggests that the AAA layer MUST NOT transport=20
> the EMSK, not
> > > that the AAA layer MUST NOT transport the EMSK outside=20
> the entity. To
> > > me, this implied that the EMSK MUST NOT be transported to=20
> other layers
> > > within the same entity as well.
> > >
> > > Due to the current means of key transport, the EMSK=20
> arrives at the AAA
> > > layer when the MSK arrives. But, we may (I'm not sure yet)
> > > need the EMSK
> > > to be available to the EAP layer for further key=20
> derivation - the AAA
> > > layer is potentially not the right layer to be deriving the
> > > keys - then,
> > > that would imply that the lower layer in the peer is the=20
> one deriving
> > > the same keys. This, apart from being disparate, also=20
> means that every
> > > lower layer now needs to define this derivation, which seems
> > > undesirable.
> > >
> > > So, pending discussion, I'd like to not have this statement in the
> > > current spec.
> > >
> > > Vidya
> > >
> > > > -----Original Message-----
> > > > From: Salowey, Joe [mailto:jsalowey@cisco.com]
> > > > Sent: Tuesday, May 02, 2006 8:45 AM
> > > > To: Bernard Aboba; eap@frascone.com
> > > > Subject: RE: [eap] Re: Issue 360: EMSK Transport
> > > >
> > > > I don't see the text as harmful. It may be somewhat
> > > > redundant, but I would like to better understand why its
> > > > presence is restrictive.  That would seem to indicate that it
> > > > is not redundant.
> > > >
> > > > Joe
> > > >
> > > > > -----Original Message-----
> > > > > From: Bernard Aboba [mailto:bernard_aboba@hotmail.com]
> > > > > Sent: Tuesday, May 02, 2006 5:54 AM
> > > > > To: eap@frascone.com
> > > > > Subject: [eap] Re: Issue 360: EMSK Transport
> > > > >
> > > > > Since EMSK sharing is prohibited elsewhere in the document,
> > > > the text
> > > > > to be deleted is redundant at best.  Any objections to
> > > > accepting the
> > > > > proposed change?
> > > > >
> > > > >
> > > >
> > >=20
> ---------------------------------------------------------------------
> > > > > Issue 360: EMSK Transport
> > > > > Submitter name: Vidya Narayanan
> > > > > Submitter email address: vidyan@qualcomm.com Date
> > > Submitted: May 1,
> > > > > 2006
> > > > > Reference:=20
> http://lists.frascone.com/pipermail/eap/msg04230.html
> > > > > Document: KEYING-12
> > > > > Comment type: 'T'echnical
> > > > > Priority: '1' Should fix
> > > > > Section: 2
> > > > > Rationale/Explanation of issue:
> > > > >
> > > > > The section says "The EMSK MUST NOT be transported by the
> > > > AAA layer."
> > > > > Given that the EMSK usage is currently undefined, it is not
> > > > clear if
> > > > > it will be the AAA layer that derives further keys from the
> > > > EMSK. In
> > > > > fact, doing so will create disparate behavior at the peer
> > > > and server,
> > > > > since the peer does not have a AAA layer. Although=20
> this topic is
> > > > > pending discussion, it seems restrictive to say MUST NOT
> > > > here. It does
> > > > > make sense, however, to say that the EMSK MUST NOT be
> > > > transported to
> > > > > additional parties.
> > > > >
> > > > >     Requested change:
> > > > >
> > > > > Delete the sentence "The EMSK MUST NOT be transported=20
> by the AAA
> > > > > layer".
> > > > >
> > > > >
> > > > >=20
> _________________________________________________________________
> > > > > To unsubscribe or modify your subscription options,=20
> please visit:
> > > > > http://lists.frascone.com/mailman/listinfo/eap
> > > > >
> > > > > Arhives: http://lists.frascone.com/pipermail/eap
> > > > >
> > > >=20
> _________________________________________________________________
> > > > To unsubscribe or modify your subscription options,=20
> please visit:
> > > > http://lists.frascone.com/mailman/listinfo/eap
> > > >
> > > > Arhives: http://lists.frascone.com/pipermail/eap
> > > >
> > >
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To: "Salowey, Joe" <jsalowey@cisco.com>, <eap@frascone.com>
From: Lakshminath Dondeti <ldondeti@qualcomm.com>
Subject: RE: [eap] Issue: section 2.1 AAA key caching
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At 04:46 PM 5/2/2006, Salowey, Joe wrote:
>The intent is to make sure that if you are going to re-use the MSK that
>you should have some making sure that the keys you derive from it will
>not be re-used if you re-use the MSK,  for example incorporating  the
>peer and authenticator nonce's in the TSK derivation in the SAP.
>Perhaps the following would be better:
>
>"If the AAA layer does cache an MSK then the derivation of TSKs derived
>from the MSK MUST prevent key reuse. "

There is an extra derived there :-).  But, I guess then you are 
talking about key separation between TSKs.  So, why not say that TSKs 
derived from the MSK must be cryptographically separate from each other.

Perhaps I am missing the point completely? :-).

regards,
Lakshminath


> > -----Original Message-----
> > From: Lakshminath Dondeti [mailto:ldondeti@qualcomm.com]
> > Sent: Tuesday, May 02, 2006 2:50 PM
> > To: Salowey, Joe; eap@frascone.com
> > Subject: Re: [eap] Issue: section 2.1 AAA key caching
> >
> > Hi Joe,
> >
> > I don't understand the last sentence: "If the AAA layer does cache an
> > MSK then the use of TSKs derived from the MSK MUST prevent
> > key reuse. "
> >
> > The rest of the text looks good and covers the robustness
> > considerations you bring up.
> >
> > regards,
> > Lakshminath
> >
> > At 02:25 PM 5/2/2006, Salowey, Joe wrote:
> > >Submitter name: Joe Salowey
> > >Submitter email address: jsalowey@cisco.com
> > >Date first submitted: 05/02/06
> > >Reference:
> > >Document: Keying Framework
> > >Comment type:  T
> > >Priority:  2
> > >Section: 2.1
> > >Rationale/Explanation of issue:
> > >
> > >The Current draft states that keys may not be cached once
> > transported. I
> > >am wondering if this is too restrictive.  Perhaps keys will be cached
> > >for session recovery and availability purposes.
> > >
> > >Suggested Text:
> > >
> > >  "In order to avoid key reuse, the AAA layer SHOULD delete
> > transported
> > >   keys once they are sent.  The AAA layer SHOULD NOT retain
> > keys that
> > >   it has previously sent.  For example, a AAA layer that has
> > >   transported the MSK SHOULD delete it.  If the AAA layer
> > does cache an
> > >MSK
> > >   then the use of TSKs derived from the MSK MUST prevent
> > key reuse. "
> > >
> > >_________________________________________________________________
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Hi Vidya,

After having thought about this some more, I think we should have 
some text on EMSK to child key derivation in the EAP-keying document 
along the lines of the 4 items listed earlier.  This is inline with 
the text on TSKs in 3.1(e) and perhaps elsewhere in the document.

regards,
Lakshminath

At 03:08 PM 5/2/2006, Narayanan, Vidya wrote:
>Bernard, Lakshminath,
>While this is an interesting discussion, I feel that the EMSK specifics
>with respect to caching and lifetime as well as child key properties
>need to be discussed in the EMSK usage document. We can continue having
>this discussion in light of the EMSK usage document.
>
>For the purpose of EAP keying document, can we not add that sentence
>about a future EMSK usage document and leave it at that?
>
>However, if there are things that need to be clarified here with respect
>to the MSK, we should certainly do that in this document.
>
>Thanks,
>Vidya
>
> > -----Original Message-----
> > From: Bernard Aboba [mailto:bernard_aboba@hotmail.com]
> > Sent: Tuesday, May 02, 2006 12:19 PM
> > To: Dondeti, Lakshminath; eap@frascone.com
> > Subject: Re: [eap] Re: issue 361: child key expiry
> >
> > >I wasn't thinking about PANA, but thinking about the use
> > case of client
> > >authentication in IPsec remote access using EAP.  Whereas EAP can be
> > >used every time, it is plausible that the MSK is cached as the IKEv2
> > >Preshared key for future authentication to avoid EAP latency.
> >
> > Perhaps we can say that RFC 4306 does not support key
> > caching?  It seems that an extension to IKEv2 would be
> > required to support this, since otherwise the IKE initiator
> > and responder couldn't negotiate whether cached EAP keys are
> > to be used, and if so, which ones.
> >
> > >>Are you suggesting that there might be situations in which EAP keys
> > >>aren't used for key derivation, but compromise might still
> > be possible?
> > >
> > >No.  I am asking if the MSK/EMSK figures into the key
> > derivation, say
> > >only partially (say along with DH), compromise of MSK/EMSK means
> > >compromise of derived keys.  I was then saying perhaps that is too
> > >restrictive, but I'd contend not, unless there is a strong
> > case made for the alternative.
> >
> > OK.  If the MSK/EMSK were mixed into the key derivation, then
> > there might be some weakening of the key derivation.  How
> > much depends on the algorithm.
> >
> > >If that's confusing too, please let me know.
> >
> > I understand the point.... question is how we make it clear
> > in the text.
> >
> > >>Right.  And by the same logic, the MSK and EMSK might expire at
> > >>different times.  I'm not sure that the key lifetime section takes
> > >>that into account adequately.
> > >
> > >That sounds right and the clarification will be good.
> >
> > Suggestions welcome.
> >
> > >>This makes sense assuming that the entity authentiation keys aren't
> > >>themselves derived from the EMSK.
> > >
> > >Even if entity authentication keys are derived from the EMSK, the
> > >guideline applies, I think.  Suppose the EMSK supports
> > derivation of a
> > >traffic key and a separate entity authentication key,
> > wouldn't it make
> > >sense to say that, all other things being equal, the traffic
> > key will
> > >have a shorter lifetime than the entity authentication key,
> > based on key usage?
> >
> > Yes, it would make sense.   I guess I'd distinguish between a
> > key calculated
> > from the EMSK (e.g. AMSK) and a TSK.  The AMSK formulas that
> > have been suggested so far are static -- that is, they are
> > based on a key-label, but do not generate a fresh key every
> > time they are invoked on the same EMSK, in the way that some
> > TSK derivations do (e.g. 802.11i 4-way handshake).
> >
> > Unless there is an ability to generate fresh keys without an
> > EAP re-authentication, then when the derived keyexpires it is
> > necessary to do an EAP re-authentication.  With TSKs it may
> > be possible to do a re-key independent of EAP (e.g. 802.11i
> > 4-way handshake).
> >
> >
> > _________________________________________________________________
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Subject: RE: [eap] Issue: section 2.1 AAA key caching
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Thread-Topic: [eap] Issue: section 2.1 AAA key caching
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With this particular text I wanted to make sure a key wasn't reused, ie
the TSKs are derived using some mechanism provides reasonable protection
from reuse.  Separation typically means that knowledge of one key does
not provide any knowledge of other keys.  I think in some circumstances
these two things are related, but I am not sure that one implies the
other.  In particular I don't think you need to have separation to
provide reuse.  I could also imagine schemes where you could provide
separation by segmenting the MSK, but the actual TSK selection allows
for reuse of TSK segments.=20

It could be that I am missing some connection between the two, but it
seems they are different.=20

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Lakshminath Dondeti [mailto:ldondeti@qualcomm.com]=20
> Sent: Tuesday, May 02, 2006 5:15 PM
> To: Salowey, Joe; eap@frascone.com
> Subject: RE: [eap] Issue: section 2.1 AAA key caching
>=20
> At 04:46 PM 5/2/2006, Salowey, Joe wrote:
> >The intent is to make sure that if you are going to re-use=20
> the MSK that
> >you should have some making sure that the keys you derive=20
> from it will
> >not be re-used if you re-use the MSK,  for example incorporating  the
> >peer and authenticator nonce's in the TSK derivation in the SAP.
> >Perhaps the following would be better:
> >
> >"If the AAA layer does cache an MSK then the derivation of=20
> TSKs derived
> >from the MSK MUST prevent key reuse. "
>=20
> There is an extra derived there :-).  But, I guess then you are=20
> talking about key separation between TSKs.  So, why not say that TSKs=20
> derived from the MSK must be cryptographically separate from=20
> each other.
>=20
> Perhaps I am missing the point completely? :-).
>=20
> regards,
> Lakshminath
>=20
>=20
> > > -----Original Message-----
> > > From: Lakshminath Dondeti [mailto:ldondeti@qualcomm.com]
> > > Sent: Tuesday, May 02, 2006 2:50 PM
> > > To: Salowey, Joe; eap@frascone.com
> > > Subject: Re: [eap] Issue: section 2.1 AAA key caching
> > >
> > > Hi Joe,
> > >
> > > I don't understand the last sentence: "If the AAA layer=20
> does cache an
> > > MSK then the use of TSKs derived from the MSK MUST prevent
> > > key reuse. "
> > >
> > > The rest of the text looks good and covers the robustness
> > > considerations you bring up.
> > >
> > > regards,
> > > Lakshminath
> > >
> > > At 02:25 PM 5/2/2006, Salowey, Joe wrote:
> > > >Submitter name: Joe Salowey
> > > >Submitter email address: jsalowey@cisco.com
> > > >Date first submitted: 05/02/06
> > > >Reference:
> > > >Document: Keying Framework
> > > >Comment type:  T
> > > >Priority:  2
> > > >Section: 2.1
> > > >Rationale/Explanation of issue:
> > > >
> > > >The Current draft states that keys may not be cached once
> > > transported. I
> > > >am wondering if this is too restrictive.  Perhaps keys=20
> will be cached
> > > >for session recovery and availability purposes.
> > > >
> > > >Suggested Text:
> > > >
> > > >  "In order to avoid key reuse, the AAA layer SHOULD delete
> > > transported
> > > >   keys once they are sent.  The AAA layer SHOULD NOT retain
> > > keys that
> > > >   it has previously sent.  For example, a AAA layer that has
> > > >   transported the MSK SHOULD delete it.  If the AAA layer
> > > does cache an
> > > >MSK
> > > >   then the use of TSKs derived from the MSK MUST prevent
> > > key reuse. "
> > > >
> > > >_________________________________________________________________
> > > >To unsubscribe or modify your subscription options, please visit:
> > > >http://lists.frascone.com/mailman/listinfo/eap
> > > >
> > > >Arhives: http://lists.frascone.com/pipermail/eap
> > >
>=20
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Date: Wed, 03 May 2006 11:06:15 -0700
To: "Salowey, Joe" <jsalowey@cisco.com>, <eap@frascone.com>
From: Lakshminath Dondeti <ldondeti@qualcomm.com>
Subject: RE: [eap] Issue: section 2.1 AAA key caching
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At 11:06 AM 5/3/2006, Salowey, Joe wrote:
>With this particular text I wanted to make sure a key wasn't reused, ie
>the TSKs are derived using some mechanism provides reasonable protection
>from reuse.  Separation typically means that knowledge of one key does
>not provide any knowledge of other keys.  I think in some circumstances
>these two things are related, but I am not sure that one implies the
>other.  In particular I don't think you need to have separation to
>provide reuse.  I could also imagine schemes where you could provide
>separation by segmenting the MSK, but the actual TSK selection allows
>for reuse of TSK segments.

So even if TSKs are segments of the MSK keying material, the 
cryptographic separation property holds, no?  Speaking very loosely, 
if IKEv2 PRF+ is used to generate the MSK, and if we further assume 
that each TSK is equivalent to or a portion of the values T1, T2 
etc., given T1, it is computationally infeasible to compute say T2 or 
any other of Ti, 1< i < 255.

regards,
Lakshminath

>It could be that I am missing some connection between the two, but it
>seems they are different.
>
> > -----Original Message-----
> > From: Lakshminath Dondeti [mailto:ldondeti@qualcomm.com]
> > Sent: Tuesday, May 02, 2006 5:15 PM
> > To: Salowey, Joe; eap@frascone.com
> > Subject: RE: [eap] Issue: section 2.1 AAA key caching
> >
> > At 04:46 PM 5/2/2006, Salowey, Joe wrote:
> > >The intent is to make sure that if you are going to re-use
> > the MSK that
> > >you should have some making sure that the keys you derive
> > from it will
> > >not be re-used if you re-use the MSK,  for example incorporating  the
> > >peer and authenticator nonce's in the TSK derivation in the SAP.
> > >Perhaps the following would be better:
> > >
> > >"If the AAA layer does cache an MSK then the derivation of
> > TSKs derived
> > >from the MSK MUST prevent key reuse. "
> >
> > There is an extra derived there :-).  But, I guess then you are
> > talking about key separation between TSKs.  So, why not say that TSKs
> > derived from the MSK must be cryptographically separate from
> > each other.
> >
> > Perhaps I am missing the point completely? :-).
> >
> > regards,
> > Lakshminath
> >
> >
> > > > -----Original Message-----
> > > > From: Lakshminath Dondeti [mailto:ldondeti@qualcomm.com]
> > > > Sent: Tuesday, May 02, 2006 2:50 PM
> > > > To: Salowey, Joe; eap@frascone.com
> > > > Subject: Re: [eap] Issue: section 2.1 AAA key caching
> > > >
> > > > Hi Joe,
> > > >
> > > > I don't understand the last sentence: "If the AAA layer
> > does cache an
> > > > MSK then the use of TSKs derived from the MSK MUST prevent
> > > > key reuse. "
> > > >
> > > > The rest of the text looks good and covers the robustness
> > > > considerations you bring up.
> > > >
> > > > regards,
> > > > Lakshminath
> > > >
> > > > At 02:25 PM 5/2/2006, Salowey, Joe wrote:
> > > > >Submitter name: Joe Salowey
> > > > >Submitter email address: jsalowey@cisco.com
> > > > >Date first submitted: 05/02/06
> > > > >Reference:
> > > > >Document: Keying Framework
> > > > >Comment type:  T
> > > > >Priority:  2
> > > > >Section: 2.1
> > > > >Rationale/Explanation of issue:
> > > > >
> > > > >The Current draft states that keys may not be cached once
> > > > transported. I
> > > > >am wondering if this is too restrictive.  Perhaps keys
> > will be cached
> > > > >for session recovery and availability purposes.
> > > > >
> > > > >Suggested Text:
> > > > >
> > > > >  "In order to avoid key reuse, the AAA layer SHOULD delete
> > > > transported
> > > > >   keys once they are sent.  The AAA layer SHOULD NOT retain
> > > > keys that
> > > > >   it has previously sent.  For example, a AAA layer that has
> > > > >   transported the MSK SHOULD delete it.  If the AAA layer
> > > > does cache an
> > > > >MSK
> > > > >   then the use of TSKs derived from the MSK MUST prevent
> > > > key reuse. "
> > > > >
> > > > >_________________________________________________________________
> > > > >To unsubscribe or modify your subscription options, please visit:
> > > > >http://lists.frascone.com/mailman/listinfo/eap
> > > > >
> > > > >Arhives: http://lists.frascone.com/pipermail/eap
> > > >
> >

_________________________________________________________________
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Subject: RE: [eap] Issue: section 2.1 AAA key caching
Date: Wed, 3 May 2006 11:29:23 -0700
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Thread-Topic: [eap] Issue: section 2.1 AAA key caching
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From: "Salowey, Joe" <jsalowey@cisco.com>
To: "Lakshminath Dondeti" <ldondeti@qualcomm.com>, <eap@frascone.com>
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=20

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Lakshminath Dondeti [mailto:ldondeti@qualcomm.com]=20
> Sent: Wednesday, May 03, 2006 11:06 AM
> To: Salowey, Joe; eap@frascone.com
> Subject: RE: [eap] Issue: section 2.1 AAA key caching
>=20
> At 11:06 AM 5/3/2006, Salowey, Joe wrote:
> >With this particular text I wanted to make sure a key wasn't=20
> reused, ie
> >the TSKs are derived using some mechanism provides=20
> reasonable protection
> >from reuse.  Separation typically means that knowledge of=20
> one key does
> >not provide any knowledge of other keys.  I think in some=20
> circumstances
> >these two things are related, but I am not sure that one implies the
> >other.  In particular I don't think you need to have separation to
> >provide reuse.  I could also imagine schemes where you could provide
> >separation by segmenting the MSK, but the actual TSK selection allows
> >for reuse of TSK segments.
>=20
> So even if TSKs are segments of the MSK keying material, the=20
> cryptographic separation property holds, no?  Speaking very loosely,=20
> if IKEv2 PRF+ is used to generate the MSK, and if we further assume=20
> that each TSK is equivalent to or a portion of the values T1, T2=20
> etc., given T1, it is computationally infeasible to compute say T2 or=20
> any other of Ti, 1< i < 255.
>=20

[Joe] yes, but my point is that separation does not prevent reuse.  You
can have separate keys and if you don't take reuse into account in the
design of your lower layer protocol then you will have a reuse problem.
One example is allowing a counter to wrap or reset under certain
conditions.=20

> regards,
> Lakshminath
>=20
> >It could be that I am missing some connection between the two, but it
> >seems they are different.
> >
> > > -----Original Message-----
> > > From: Lakshminath Dondeti [mailto:ldondeti@qualcomm.com]
> > > Sent: Tuesday, May 02, 2006 5:15 PM
> > > To: Salowey, Joe; eap@frascone.com
> > > Subject: RE: [eap] Issue: section 2.1 AAA key caching
> > >
> > > At 04:46 PM 5/2/2006, Salowey, Joe wrote:
> > > >The intent is to make sure that if you are going to re-use
> > > the MSK that
> > > >you should have some making sure that the keys you derive
> > > from it will
> > > >not be re-used if you re-use the MSK,  for example=20
> incorporating  the
> > > >peer and authenticator nonce's in the TSK derivation in the SAP.
> > > >Perhaps the following would be better:
> > > >
> > > >"If the AAA layer does cache an MSK then the derivation of
> > > TSKs derived
> > > >from the MSK MUST prevent key reuse. "
> > >
> > > There is an extra derived there :-).  But, I guess then you are
> > > talking about key separation between TSKs.  So, why not=20
> say that TSKs
> > > derived from the MSK must be cryptographically separate from
> > > each other.
> > >
> > > Perhaps I am missing the point completely? :-).
> > >
> > > regards,
> > > Lakshminath
> > >
> > >
> > > > > -----Original Message-----
> > > > > From: Lakshminath Dondeti [mailto:ldondeti@qualcomm.com]
> > > > > Sent: Tuesday, May 02, 2006 2:50 PM
> > > > > To: Salowey, Joe; eap@frascone.com
> > > > > Subject: Re: [eap] Issue: section 2.1 AAA key caching
> > > > >
> > > > > Hi Joe,
> > > > >
> > > > > I don't understand the last sentence: "If the AAA layer
> > > does cache an
> > > > > MSK then the use of TSKs derived from the MSK MUST prevent
> > > > > key reuse. "
> > > > >
> > > > > The rest of the text looks good and covers the robustness
> > > > > considerations you bring up.
> > > > >
> > > > > regards,
> > > > > Lakshminath
> > > > >
> > > > > At 02:25 PM 5/2/2006, Salowey, Joe wrote:
> > > > > >Submitter name: Joe Salowey
> > > > > >Submitter email address: jsalowey@cisco.com
> > > > > >Date first submitted: 05/02/06
> > > > > >Reference:
> > > > > >Document: Keying Framework
> > > > > >Comment type:  T
> > > > > >Priority:  2
> > > > > >Section: 2.1
> > > > > >Rationale/Explanation of issue:
> > > > > >
> > > > > >The Current draft states that keys may not be cached once
> > > > > transported. I
> > > > > >am wondering if this is too restrictive.  Perhaps keys
> > > will be cached
> > > > > >for session recovery and availability purposes.
> > > > > >
> > > > > >Suggested Text:
> > > > > >
> > > > > >  "In order to avoid key reuse, the AAA layer SHOULD delete
> > > > > transported
> > > > > >   keys once they are sent.  The AAA layer SHOULD NOT retain
> > > > > keys that
> > > > > >   it has previously sent.  For example, a AAA layer that has
> > > > > >   transported the MSK SHOULD delete it.  If the AAA layer
> > > > > does cache an
> > > > > >MSK
> > > > > >   then the use of TSKs derived from the MSK MUST prevent
> > > > > key reuse. "
> > > > > >
> > > > >=20
> >_________________________________________________________________
> > > > > >To unsubscribe or modify your subscription options,=20
> please visit:
> > > > > >http://lists.frascone.com/mailman/listinfo/eap
> > > > > >
> > > > > >Arhives: http://lists.frascone.com/pipermail/eap
> > > > >
> > >
>=20
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Date: Wed, 03 May 2006 12:08:28 -0700
To: "Salowey, Joe" <jsalowey@cisco.com>, <eap@frascone.com>
From: Lakshminath Dondeti <ldondeti@qualcomm.com>
Subject: RE: [eap] Issue: section 2.1 AAA key caching
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At 11:29 AM 5/3/2006, Salowey, Joe wrote:
>
>
> > -----Original Message-----
> > From: Lakshminath Dondeti [mailto:ldondeti@qualcomm.com]
> > Sent: Wednesday, May 03, 2006 11:06 AM
> > To: Salowey, Joe; eap@frascone.com
> > Subject: RE: [eap] Issue: section 2.1 AAA key caching
> >
> > At 11:06 AM 5/3/2006, Salowey, Joe wrote:
> > >With this particular text I wanted to make sure a key wasn't
> > reused, ie
> > >the TSKs are derived using some mechanism provides
> > reasonable protection
> > >from reuse.  Separation typically means that knowledge of
> > one key does
> > >not provide any knowledge of other keys.  I think in some
> > circumstances
> > >these two things are related, but I am not sure that one implies the
> > >other.  In particular I don't think you need to have separation to
> > >provide reuse.  I could also imagine schemes where you could provide
> > >separation by segmenting the MSK, but the actual TSK selection allows
> > >for reuse of TSK segments.
> >
> > So even if TSKs are segments of the MSK keying material, the
> > cryptographic separation property holds, no?  Speaking very loosely,
> > if IKEv2 PRF+ is used to generate the MSK, and if we further assume
> > that each TSK is equivalent to or a portion of the values T1, T2
> > etc., given T1, it is computationally infeasible to compute say T2 or
> > any other of Ti, 1< i < 255.
> >
>
>[Joe] yes, but my point is that separation does not prevent reuse.  You
>can have separate keys and if you don't take reuse into account in the
>design of your lower layer protocol then you will have a reuse problem.
>One example is allowing a counter to wrap or reset under certain
>conditions.

So then you are saying that the TSKs must be cryptographically 
separate from each other and that they must not be reused.  (I would 
have thought it's automatic, but clarification is fine with me).

regards,
Lakshminath


> > regards,
> > Lakshminath
> >
> > >It could be that I am missing some connection between the two, but it
> > >seems they are different.
> > >
> > > > -----Original Message-----
> > > > From: Lakshminath Dondeti [mailto:ldondeti@qualcomm.com]
> > > > Sent: Tuesday, May 02, 2006 5:15 PM
> > > > To: Salowey, Joe; eap@frascone.com
> > > > Subject: RE: [eap] Issue: section 2.1 AAA key caching
> > > >
> > > > At 04:46 PM 5/2/2006, Salowey, Joe wrote:
> > > > >The intent is to make sure that if you are going to re-use
> > > > the MSK that
> > > > >you should have some making sure that the keys you derive
> > > > from it will
> > > > >not be re-used if you re-use the MSK,  for example
> > incorporating  the
> > > > >peer and authenticator nonce's in the TSK derivation in the SAP.
> > > > >Perhaps the following would be better:
> > > > >
> > > > >"If the AAA layer does cache an MSK then the derivation of
> > > > TSKs derived
> > > > >from the MSK MUST prevent key reuse. "
> > > >
> > > > There is an extra derived there :-).  But, I guess then you are
> > > > talking about key separation between TSKs.  So, why not
> > say that TSKs
> > > > derived from the MSK must be cryptographically separate from
> > > > each other.
> > > >
> > > > Perhaps I am missing the point completely? :-).
> > > >
> > > > regards,
> > > > Lakshminath
> > > >
> > > >
> > > > > > -----Original Message-----
> > > > > > From: Lakshminath Dondeti [mailto:ldondeti@qualcomm.com]
> > > > > > Sent: Tuesday, May 02, 2006 2:50 PM
> > > > > > To: Salowey, Joe; eap@frascone.com
> > > > > > Subject: Re: [eap] Issue: section 2.1 AAA key caching
> > > > > >
> > > > > > Hi Joe,
> > > > > >
> > > > > > I don't understand the last sentence: "If the AAA layer
> > > > does cache an
> > > > > > MSK then the use of TSKs derived from the MSK MUST prevent
> > > > > > key reuse. "
> > > > > >
> > > > > > The rest of the text looks good and covers the robustness
> > > > > > considerations you bring up.
> > > > > >
> > > > > > regards,
> > > > > > Lakshminath
> > > > > >
> > > > > > At 02:25 PM 5/2/2006, Salowey, Joe wrote:
> > > > > > >Submitter name: Joe Salowey
> > > > > > >Submitter email address: jsalowey@cisco.com
> > > > > > >Date first submitted: 05/02/06
> > > > > > >Reference:
> > > > > > >Document: Keying Framework
> > > > > > >Comment type:  T
> > > > > > >Priority:  2
> > > > > > >Section: 2.1
> > > > > > >Rationale/Explanation of issue:
> > > > > > >
> > > > > > >The Current draft states that keys may not be cached once
> > > > > > transported. I
> > > > > > >am wondering if this is too restrictive.  Perhaps keys
> > > > will be cached
> > > > > > >for session recovery and availability purposes.
> > > > > > >
> > > > > > >Suggested Text:
> > > > > > >
> > > > > > >  "In order to avoid key reuse, the AAA layer SHOULD delete
> > > > > > transported
> > > > > > >   keys once they are sent.  The AAA layer SHOULD NOT retain
> > > > > > keys that
> > > > > > >   it has previously sent.  For example, a AAA layer that has
> > > > > > >   transported the MSK SHOULD delete it.  If the AAA layer
> > > > > > does cache an
> > > > > > >MSK
> > > > > > >   then the use of TSKs derived from the MSK MUST prevent
> > > > > > key reuse. "
> > > > > > >
> > > > > >
> > >_________________________________________________________________
> > > > > > >To unsubscribe or modify your subscription options,
> > please visit:
> > > > > > >http://lists.frascone.com/mailman/listinfo/eap
> > > > > > >
> > > > > > >Arhives: http://lists.frascone.com/pipermail/eap
> > > > > >
> > > >
> >

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Submitter name: Joe Salowey
Submitter email address: jsalowey@cisco.com
Date first submitted: 05/03/2006
Reference:=20
Document: Keying Framework
Comment type: 'T'echnical=20
Priority: '1' Should fix=20
Section: 2.2.1 and 3.2
Rationale/Explanation of issue:

Section 1.4.1 correctly defines the scope of the EAP keying material as
being defined by the EAP Peer and EAP server, however this relationship
is not carried out in other key scope discussions as far as I can tell.
In order for channel binding, key mixing etc. to work the peer must make
sure that the key is used not just within the authorized parameters of
the lower layer, but of the authorized scope of the EAP server as well.


I'm not sure of all of all the places where this needs to be addressed,
but I think it needs to be addressed in section 2.2.1 perhaps by adding=20

"[g] Verifying that the advertised scope is within the scope that the
EAP server is allowed to authorize"

Section 3.2 should probably state somewhere that:

"The peer should verify that the key scope advertised by the
authenticator is within the scope that is allowed to be authorized by
the EAP Server."
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Thread-Topic: [eap] Re: issue 357: Channel Binding Definition
Thread-Index: AcZuOelTKw4gnDnUQWOUIvvBX/WXfQA4q5OQ
From: "Narayanan, Vidya" <vidyan@qualcomm.com>
To: "Yoshihiro Ohba" <yohba@tari.toshiba.com>
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Hi Yoshi,
Please see comments inline. =20
=20
> On Tue, May 02, 2006 at 03:02:21PM -0700, Narayanan, Vidya wrote:
> > I don't think the channel binding information needs to be=20
> the same for=20
> > all parties. For e.g., consider a case where the server has=20
> a view of=20
> > the SSIDs for which a given MSK is valid. The peer at a=20
> given moment=20
> > may only see a subset of the SSIDs - as it moves though, it=20
> needs to=20
> > know that a new SSID it sees may or may not use that MSK=20
> for TSK derivation.
> >=20
> > For this reason, actually mixing of the keys with channel=20
> binding data=20
> > doesn't quite make sense to me yet. This implies that the=20
> peer has a=20
> > complete view of the channel binding data at a given time,=20
> which does=20
> > not seem to make practical sense in all models of deployment.
>=20
> Since I don't think the complete channel binding data is so=20
> large, I don't see a practical issue here.  What is=20
> deployment scenario in your mind?
>=20

I'm not sure that there isn't a practical issue. Depending on the
authenticator location and the number of enforcement points under an
authenticator or how many ports the authenticator has, this could be
fairly large - and I don't think it is valid to say that the peer will
be able to have a complete view at all times.=20


> >=20
> > It may make sense for the peer have the entire channel binding data=20
> > from the server - as it moves, it can compare to see if=20
> what it sees=20
> > is a subset of that data it received from the server or not.
>=20
> I don't think only comparing subset of that data with the=20
> server does not work for Channel Binding verification, as an=20
> attacker can still fool around the rest of data that is not=20
> part of the subset.
>=20

Not really. The idea here is that the entire channel binding blob from
the server is integrity protected - so, if someone fooled with some of
that data, the integrity check will fail and hence, it becomes
detectable. But, the blob may contain, say, a concatenation of lots of
information. The peer would then have to compare what it got from the
authenticator or EP to the data it got from the server to say whether or
not that data was part of what the server sent it or not.=20


> > Alternately, the
> > peer just needs confirmation from the server that what it=20
> sees is valid.
>=20
> This requires channel bindind data to be sent from the peer=20
> to server, while the server pre-configures the channel=20
> bindind data.  This is redundant information exchange to me.
>=20

Not really. If the peer sent the channel binding data as it sees it, the
server only has to say whether or not it is correct. So, a protected
channel binding result indication is all is needed in the return path.=20

Regards,
Vidya

> Yoshihiro Ohba
>=20
>=20
>=20
> >=20
> >=20
> > Vidya
> >=20
> > > -----Original Message-----
> > > From: Bernard Aboba [mailto:bernard_aboba@hotmail.com]
> > > Sent: Tuesday, May 02, 2006 12:23 PM
> > > To: Narayanan, Vidya; eap@frascone.com
> > > Subject: RE: [eap] Re: issue 357: Channel Binding Definition
> > >=20
> > > That makes sense.  Do we also need to indicate that the channel=20
> > > bindings need to be the same for all parties?  For example:
> > >=20
> > > "Channel Binding
> > >=20
> > > A secure mechanism for ensuring the synchronization and=20
> correctness=20
> > > of channel properties (such as endpoint
> > > identifiers) provided to the EAP peer, authenticator and server."
> > >=20
> > > >Minor clarification:
> > > >
> > > >"Channel Binding
> > > >
> > > >A *secure* mechanism for ensuring the correctness of channel
> > > properties
> > > >(such as endpoint identifiers) provided to the EAP peer,
> > > authenticator
> > > >and server. "
> > > >
> > > >The word secure is to imply that if this data is in fact
> > > sent as a blob
> > > >between the peer and server, it must be integrity protected.
> > > >
> > > >Vidya
> > >=20
> > >=20
> > >=20
> > _________________________________________________________________
> > To unsubscribe or modify your subscription options, please visit:
> > http://lists.frascone.com/mailman/listinfo/eap
> >=20
> > Arhives: http://lists.frascone.com/pipermail/eap
> >=20
> >=20
>=20
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Subject: RE: [eap] Re: issue 361: child key expiry
Date: Wed, 3 May 2006 20:05:08 -0700
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Thread-Topic: [eap] Re: issue 361: child key expiry
Thread-Index: AcZuUfeDI0POc7qHRIK01G18PTncuQA1NqUw
From: "Narayanan, Vidya" <vidyan@qualcomm.com>
To: "Dondeti, Lakshminath" <ldondeti@qualcomm.com>,
	"Bernard Aboba" <bernard_aboba@hotmail.com>, <eap@frascone.com>
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Hmmm..=20

I gave this some more thought and am still not convinced we need to
include this text here. The document talks about TSKs and their
lifetimes, because the TSKs are derived from the MSKs and the MSK usage
is fully covered by this document. However, it makes sense to me that
the EMSK usage document be the one that defines the lifetime guidelines
for the keys derived from the EMSK.=20

While we are explicitly excluding any EMSK usage text from this
document, why should this document cover lifetime guidelines for child
keys of EMSK? All the rest of the child key properties aren't covered
here - isn't lifetime a property too?=20

Regards,
Vidya
=20

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Lakshminath Dondeti [mailto:ldondeti@qualcomm.com]=20
> Sent: Tuesday, May 02, 2006 6:34 PM
> To: Narayanan, Vidya; Bernard Aboba; eap@frascone.com
> Subject: RE: [eap] Re: issue 361: child key expiry
>=20
> Hi Vidya,
>=20
> After having thought about this some more, I think we should=20
> have some text on EMSK to child key derivation in the=20
> EAP-keying document along the lines of the 4 items listed=20
> earlier.  This is inline with the text on TSKs in 3.1(e) and=20
> perhaps elsewhere in the document.
>=20
> regards,
> Lakshminath
>=20
> At 03:08 PM 5/2/2006, Narayanan, Vidya wrote:
> >Bernard, Lakshminath,
> >While this is an interesting discussion, I feel that the=20
> EMSK specifics=20
> >with respect to caching and lifetime as well as child key properties=20
> >need to be discussed in the EMSK usage document. We can=20
> continue having=20
> >this discussion in light of the EMSK usage document.
> >
> >For the purpose of EAP keying document, can we not add that sentence=20
> >about a future EMSK usage document and leave it at that?
> >
> >However, if there are things that need to be clarified here with=20
> >respect to the MSK, we should certainly do that in this document.
> >
> >Thanks,
> >Vidya
> >
> > > -----Original Message-----
> > > From: Bernard Aboba [mailto:bernard_aboba@hotmail.com]
> > > Sent: Tuesday, May 02, 2006 12:19 PM
> > > To: Dondeti, Lakshminath; eap@frascone.com
> > > Subject: Re: [eap] Re: issue 361: child key expiry
> > >
> > > >I wasn't thinking about PANA, but thinking about the use
> > > case of client
> > > >authentication in IPsec remote access using EAP. =20
> Whereas EAP can=20
> > > >be used every time, it is plausible that the MSK is=20
> cached as the=20
> > > >IKEv2 Preshared key for future authentication to avoid=20
> EAP latency.
> > >
> > > Perhaps we can say that RFC 4306 does not support key=20
> caching?  It=20
> > > seems that an extension to IKEv2 would be required to=20
> support this,=20
> > > since otherwise the IKE initiator and responder couldn't=20
> negotiate=20
> > > whether cached EAP keys are to be used, and if so, which ones.
> > >
> > > >>Are you suggesting that there might be situations in which EAP=20
> > > >>keys aren't used for key derivation, but compromise might still
> > > be possible?
> > > >
> > > >No.  I am asking if the MSK/EMSK figures into the key
> > > derivation, say
> > > >only partially (say along with DH), compromise of MSK/EMSK means=20
> > > >compromise of derived keys.  I was then saying perhaps=20
> that is too=20
> > > >restrictive, but I'd contend not, unless there is a strong
> > > case made for the alternative.
> > >
> > > OK.  If the MSK/EMSK were mixed into the key derivation,=20
> then there=20
> > > might be some weakening of the key derivation.  How much=20
> depends on=20
> > > the algorithm.
> > >
> > > >If that's confusing too, please let me know.
> > >
> > > I understand the point.... question is how we make it=20
> clear in the=20
> > > text.
> > >
> > > >>Right.  And by the same logic, the MSK and EMSK might expire at=20
> > > >>different times.  I'm not sure that the key lifetime=20
> section takes=20
> > > >>that into account adequately.
> > > >
> > > >That sounds right and the clarification will be good.
> > >
> > > Suggestions welcome.
> > >
> > > >>This makes sense assuming that the entity authentiation keys=20
> > > >>aren't themselves derived from the EMSK.
> > > >
> > > >Even if entity authentication keys are derived from the=20
> EMSK, the=20
> > > >guideline applies, I think.  Suppose the EMSK supports
> > > derivation of a
> > > >traffic key and a separate entity authentication key,
> > > wouldn't it make
> > > >sense to say that, all other things being equal, the traffic
> > > key will
> > > >have a shorter lifetime than the entity authentication key,
> > > based on key usage?
> > >
> > > Yes, it would make sense.   I guess I'd distinguish between a
> > > key calculated
> > > from the EMSK (e.g. AMSK) and a TSK.  The AMSK formulas that have=20
> > > been suggested so far are static -- that is, they are based on a=20
> > > key-label, but do not generate a fresh key every time they are=20
> > > invoked on the same EMSK, in the way that some TSK derivations do=20
> > > (e.g. 802.11i 4-way handshake).
> > >
> > > Unless there is an ability to generate fresh keys without an EAP=20
> > > re-authentication, then when the derived keyexpires it is=20
> necessary=20
> > > to do an EAP re-authentication.  With TSKs it may be=20
> possible to do=20
> > > a re-key independent of EAP (e.g. 802.11i 4-way handshake).
> > >
> > >
> > > _________________________________________________________________
> > > To unsubscribe or modify your subscription options, please visit:
> > > http://lists.frascone.com/mailman/listinfo/eap
> > >
> > > Arhives: http://lists.frascone.com/pipermail/eap
> > >
>=20
>=20
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Subject: RE: [eap] Re: issue 357: Channel Binding Definition
Date: Wed, 3 May 2006 19:43:50 -0700
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Thread-Topic: [eap] Re: issue 357: Channel Binding Definition
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From: "Narayanan, Vidya" <vidyan@qualcomm.com>
To: "Bernard Aboba" <bernard_aboba@hotmail.com>,
	<yohba@tari.toshiba.com>
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Hi Bernard,
Please see comments inline. =20

>=20
> > > I don't think the channel binding information needs to be=20
> the same=20
> > > for all parties.
>=20
> The goal of Channel Bindings is to ensure that the EAP peer=20
> and server obtain correct information from the EAP=20
> authenticator.  If a parameter is being validated by channel=20
> bindings and the authenticator gives a different value to the=20
> peer and server, then it will be detected.
>=20
> It is true that all participants may not have complete=20
> knowledge of all the channel properties.  But if a parameter=20
> is included in channel bindings, then the goal is to ensure=20
> that the peer and server are hearing the same thing from the=20
> authenticator, so it seems to me that channel binding=20
> parameters need to be known by the peer, authenticator and server.
>=20

Sounds like I have miscommunicated there :) I meant that while the
server may have a complete view of the channel properties, the peer may
not. It is important that the peer and server have the same view of the
properties they can both see, but the peer's view may only be partial.
Hence, it is not an A=3DB comparison, but more like A is a subset of B
relationship.=20

> >For e.g., consider a case where the server has a view of the=20
> SSIDs for=20
> >which a given MSK is valid.
>=20
> The server may have an opinion as to what SSIDs the peer is=20
> allowed to use (e.g. Allowed-SSIDs).  This is useful in EAP=20
> pre-authentication where the server may not know what SSID=20
> the client wants to access yet (this isn't=20
> known until the peer associates).   However in this case the=20
> SSID would not=20
> be considered to be part of channel bindings since the EAP=20
> peer has the information, but the authenticator and server do=20
> not.  As a result, the peer cannot ask the server to verify=20
> the SSID, or include it in the calculation of the MSK.
>=20

There are two methods of obtaining channel binding as I can see - either
the server passes an integrity protected blob to the peer that it can
use to compare subsets it sees against or the peer passes what it sees
and the server vouches for it. The former can still happen in the
pre-authentication case.=20

In the pre-authentication case, the EAP authenticator is the target
authenticator that talks to the EAP server. The fact that the
communication between the peer and the target authenticator is indirect
is irrelevant to the EAP server (as we discussed on some other threads,
the server may need to know about pre-authentication for some other
reasons, but not relevant for channel binding purposes). So, I would
think that the server will always know the channel binding information
for a given authenticator. If the peer pre-authenticates with multiple
target authenticators, it has a channel binding blob for every MSK
obtained. So, I don't see an issue with this.=20

Depending on how the peer discovers the target authenticator, it may or
may not be able to use the method of passing the information to the
server at the time of pre-authentication.=20

> >As it moves though, it needs to know that a new SSID it sees=20
> may or may=20
> >not use that MSK for >TSK derivation.
>=20
> In 802.11, the advertisement of AP capabilities is handled in=20
> the Beacon. =20
> This allows the STA to know what security mechanisms are=20
> being used (WPA2, 11r, 11w, etc.).  The capabilities are=20
> verified in the handshake between the STA and AP.
>=20
> However, there are AAA attributes corresponding to the AP=20
> security capabilities so that it is not possible for the EAP=20
> peer and server to verify that the authenticator has told=20
> them the same thing.  As a result, I don't think that 802.11=20
> security capabilites can be considered "channel bindings".
>=20

I am not suggesting that the lower layer security capabilities be part
of channel bindings - that would have to be in the beacon RSN IE or
equivalent. However, the authenticator ID and potentially the ports and
EP IDs for which the current EAP session was executed should be part of
the channel bindings data. When we consider a model where the
authenticator is a switch and has multiple APs attached to it, which are
EPs, the server could send a blob with the authenticator ID and the
multiple SSIDs, while the peer only sees one or two SSIDs, for instance.


In all of this, I was getting at the fact that the view of the channel
binding data at the peer may only be partial in reality and hence,
assuming that the full channel binding blob can be used with the MSK to
derive a compound MSK (without inclusion of the data in the EAP method)
does not always work.=20

Vidya
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To: "Narayanan, Vidya" <vidyan@qualcomm.com>,
	"Bernard Aboba" <bernard_aboba@hotmail.com>, <eap@frascone.com>
From: Lakshminath Dondeti <ldondeti@qualcomm.com>
Subject: RE: [eap] Re: issue 361: child key expiry
In-Reply-To: <2EBB8025B6D1BA41B567DB32C1D8DB847923E6@NAEX06.na.qualcomm. com>
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Speaking very loosely and at a high level, we say that MSK is sent to 
the Authenticator and then TSKs are derived using various protocols 
and go on to talk about TSK properties.  Likewise, we are talking 
about EMSK "usage" in the EAP keying FW document.   We say a bunch of 
things, all of which I am ok with and that the EMSK MUST NOT be used 
to derive keys, which I am not ok with.  There are proposals to 
change that, so we might start revising that statement to avoid 
having two RFCs in conflict with each other.

Once that is done, talking about derived key properties is ok.

Iff that is not done, sure I agree with you (if we MUST NOT derive 
keys, what's the point in talking about the properties of the derived 
keys?).  But, I contend that that rule needs to be revised.

regards,
Lakshminath

At 08:05 PM 5/3/2006, Narayanan, Vidya wrote:
>Hmmm..
>
>I gave this some more thought and am still not convinced we need to
>include this text here. The document talks about TSKs and their
>lifetimes, because the TSKs are derived from the MSKs and the MSK usage
>is fully covered by this document. However, it makes sense to me that
>the EMSK usage document be the one that defines the lifetime guidelines
>for the keys derived from the EMSK.
>
>While we are explicitly excluding any EMSK usage text from this
>document, why should this document cover lifetime guidelines for child
>keys of EMSK? All the rest of the child key properties aren't covered
>here - isn't lifetime a property too?
>
>Regards,
>Vidya
>
>
> > -----Original Message-----
> > From: Lakshminath Dondeti [mailto:ldondeti@qualcomm.com]
> > Sent: Tuesday, May 02, 2006 6:34 PM
> > To: Narayanan, Vidya; Bernard Aboba; eap@frascone.com
> > Subject: RE: [eap] Re: issue 361: child key expiry
> >
> > Hi Vidya,
> >
> > After having thought about this some more, I think we should
> > have some text on EMSK to child key derivation in the
> > EAP-keying document along the lines of the 4 items listed
> > earlier.  This is inline with the text on TSKs in 3.1(e) and
> > perhaps elsewhere in the document.
> >
> > regards,
> > Lakshminath
> >
> > At 03:08 PM 5/2/2006, Narayanan, Vidya wrote:
> > >Bernard, Lakshminath,
> > >While this is an interesting discussion, I feel that the
> > EMSK specifics
> > >with respect to caching and lifetime as well as child key properties
> > >need to be discussed in the EMSK usage document. We can
> > continue having
> > >this discussion in light of the EMSK usage document.
> > >
> > >For the purpose of EAP keying document, can we not add that sentence
> > >about a future EMSK usage document and leave it at that?
> > >
> > >However, if there are things that need to be clarified here with
> > >respect to the MSK, we should certainly do that in this document.
> > >
> > >Thanks,
> > >Vidya
> > >
> > > > -----Original Message-----
> > > > From: Bernard Aboba [mailto:bernard_aboba@hotmail.com]
> > > > Sent: Tuesday, May 02, 2006 12:19 PM
> > > > To: Dondeti, Lakshminath; eap@frascone.com
> > > > Subject: Re: [eap] Re: issue 361: child key expiry
> > > >
> > > > >I wasn't thinking about PANA, but thinking about the use
> > > > case of client
> > > > >authentication in IPsec remote access using EAP.
> > Whereas EAP can
> > > > >be used every time, it is plausible that the MSK is
> > cached as the
> > > > >IKEv2 Preshared key for future authentication to avoid
> > EAP latency.
> > > >
> > > > Perhaps we can say that RFC 4306 does not support key
> > caching?  It
> > > > seems that an extension to IKEv2 would be required to
> > support this,
> > > > since otherwise the IKE initiator and responder couldn't
> > negotiate
> > > > whether cached EAP keys are to be used, and if so, which ones.
> > > >
> > > > >>Are you suggesting that there might be situations in which EAP
> > > > >>keys aren't used for key derivation, but compromise might still
> > > > be possible?
> > > > >
> > > > >No.  I am asking if the MSK/EMSK figures into the key
> > > > derivation, say
> > > > >only partially (say along with DH), compromise of MSK/EMSK means
> > > > >compromise of derived keys.  I was then saying perhaps
> > that is too
> > > > >restrictive, but I'd contend not, unless there is a strong
> > > > case made for the alternative.
> > > >
> > > > OK.  If the MSK/EMSK were mixed into the key derivation,
> > then there
> > > > might be some weakening of the key derivation.  How much
> > depends on
> > > > the algorithm.
> > > >
> > > > >If that's confusing too, please let me know.
> > > >
> > > > I understand the point.... question is how we make it
> > clear in the
> > > > text.
> > > >
> > > > >>Right.  And by the same logic, the MSK and EMSK might expire at
> > > > >>different times.  I'm not sure that the key lifetime
> > section takes
> > > > >>that into account adequately.
> > > > >
> > > > >That sounds right and the clarification will be good.
> > > >
> > > > Suggestions welcome.
> > > >
> > > > >>This makes sense assuming that the entity authentiation keys
> > > > >>aren't themselves derived from the EMSK.
> > > > >
> > > > >Even if entity authentication keys are derived from the
> > EMSK, the
> > > > >guideline applies, I think.  Suppose the EMSK supports
> > > > derivation of a
> > > > >traffic key and a separate entity authentication key,
> > > > wouldn't it make
> > > > >sense to say that, all other things being equal, the traffic
> > > > key will
> > > > >have a shorter lifetime than the entity authentication key,
> > > > based on key usage?
> > > >
> > > > Yes, it would make sense.   I guess I'd distinguish between a
> > > > key calculated
> > > > from the EMSK (e.g. AMSK) and a TSK.  The AMSK formulas that have
> > > > been suggested so far are static -- that is, they are based on a
> > > > key-label, but do not generate a fresh key every time they are
> > > > invoked on the same EMSK, in the way that some TSK derivations do
> > > > (e.g. 802.11i 4-way handshake).
> > > >
> > > > Unless there is an ability to generate fresh keys without an EAP
> > > > re-authentication, then when the derived keyexpires it is
> > necessary
> > > > to do an EAP re-authentication.  With TSKs it may be
> > possible to do
> > > > a re-key independent of EAP (e.g. 802.11i 4-way handshake).
> > > >
> > > >
> > > > _________________________________________________________________
> > > > To unsubscribe or modify your subscription options, please visit:
> > > > http://lists.frascone.com/mailman/listinfo/eap
> > > >
> > > > Arhives: http://lists.frascone.com/pipermail/eap
> > > >
> >
> >

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From: "Narayanan, Vidya" <vidyan@qualcomm.com>
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>=20
> Speaking very loosely and at a high level, we say that MSK is=20
> sent to the Authenticator and then TSKs are derived using=20
> various protocols and go on to talk about TSK properties. =20
> Likewise, we are talking=20
> about EMSK "usage" in the EAP keying FW document. =20

But, the document does not talk about EMSK usage though.=20

> We say a bunch of=20
> things, all of which I am ok with and that the EMSK MUST NOT=20
> be used to derive keys, which I am not ok with.  There are=20
> proposals to change that, so we might start revising that=20
> statement to avoid having two RFCs in conflict with each other.
>=20

Good point - we have a discussion from a while back on removing this
text about not using EMSK to derive other keys, but seems like we never
closed the loop on that one. Given that we pretty much have a consensus
that EMSK will be used for key derivation, this text doesn't make sense.



> Once that is done, talking about derived key properties is ok.
>=20

This doesn't make sense to me still. What properties of derived keys are
we going to talk about here? Just lifetime? Why not other properties
then?=20

If at all this document should talk about any lifetimes, it must be the
EMSK lifetime itself (assuming caching of EMSK is allowed, on which
there has been a recent reversal in thinking from the earlier notion of
no caching) - this is not addressed in the document and it would make
sense to address this.=20

Regards,
Vidya

> Iff that is not done, sure I agree with you (if we MUST NOT=20
> derive keys, what's the point in talking about the properties=20
> of the derived keys?).  But, I contend that that rule needs=20
> to be revised.
>=20
> regards,
> Lakshminath
>=20
> At 08:05 PM 5/3/2006, Narayanan, Vidya wrote:
> >Hmmm..
> >
> >I gave this some more thought and am still not convinced we need to=20
> >include this text here. The document talks about TSKs and their=20
> >lifetimes, because the TSKs are derived from the MSKs and=20
> the MSK usage=20
> >is fully covered by this document. However, it makes sense=20
> to me that=20
> >the EMSK usage document be the one that defines the lifetime=20
> guidelines=20
> >for the keys derived from the EMSK.
> >
> >While we are explicitly excluding any EMSK usage text from this=20
> >document, why should this document cover lifetime guidelines=20
> for child=20
> >keys of EMSK? All the rest of the child key properties=20
> aren't covered=20
> >here - isn't lifetime a property too?
> >
> >Regards,
> >Vidya
> >
> >
> > > -----Original Message-----
> > > From: Lakshminath Dondeti [mailto:ldondeti@qualcomm.com]
> > > Sent: Tuesday, May 02, 2006 6:34 PM
> > > To: Narayanan, Vidya; Bernard Aboba; eap@frascone.com
> > > Subject: RE: [eap] Re: issue 361: child key expiry
> > >
> > > Hi Vidya,
> > >
> > > After having thought about this some more, I think we should have=20
> > > some text on EMSK to child key derivation in the=20
> EAP-keying document=20
> > > along the lines of the 4 items listed earlier.  This is=20
> inline with=20
> > > the text on TSKs in 3.1(e) and perhaps elsewhere in the document.
> > >
> > > regards,
> > > Lakshminath
> > >
> > > At 03:08 PM 5/2/2006, Narayanan, Vidya wrote:
> > > >Bernard, Lakshminath,
> > > >While this is an interesting discussion, I feel that the
> > > EMSK specifics
> > > >with respect to caching and lifetime as well as child key=20
> > > >properties need to be discussed in the EMSK usage=20
> document. We can
> > > continue having
> > > >this discussion in light of the EMSK usage document.
> > > >
> > > >For the purpose of EAP keying document, can we not add that=20
> > > >sentence about a future EMSK usage document and leave it at that?
> > > >
> > > >However, if there are things that need to be clarified here with=20
> > > >respect to the MSK, we should certainly do that in this document.
> > > >
> > > >Thanks,
> > > >Vidya
> > > >
> > > > > -----Original Message-----
> > > > > From: Bernard Aboba [mailto:bernard_aboba@hotmail.com]
> > > > > Sent: Tuesday, May 02, 2006 12:19 PM
> > > > > To: Dondeti, Lakshminath; eap@frascone.com
> > > > > Subject: Re: [eap] Re: issue 361: child key expiry
> > > > >
> > > > > >I wasn't thinking about PANA, but thinking about the use
> > > > > case of client
> > > > > >authentication in IPsec remote access using EAP.
> > > Whereas EAP can
> > > > > >be used every time, it is plausible that the MSK is
> > > cached as the
> > > > > >IKEv2 Preshared key for future authentication to avoid
> > > EAP latency.
> > > > >
> > > > > Perhaps we can say that RFC 4306 does not support key
> > > caching?  It
> > > > > seems that an extension to IKEv2 would be required to
> > > support this,
> > > > > since otherwise the IKE initiator and responder couldn't
> > > negotiate
> > > > > whether cached EAP keys are to be used, and if so, which ones.
> > > > >
> > > > > >>Are you suggesting that there might be situations=20
> in which EAP=20
> > > > > >>keys aren't used for key derivation, but compromise might=20
> > > > > >>still
> > > > > be possible?
> > > > > >
> > > > > >No.  I am asking if the MSK/EMSK figures into the key
> > > > > derivation, say
> > > > > >only partially (say along with DH), compromise of MSK/EMSK=20
> > > > > >means compromise of derived keys.  I was then saying perhaps
> > > that is too
> > > > > >restrictive, but I'd contend not, unless there is a strong
> > > > > case made for the alternative.
> > > > >
> > > > > OK.  If the MSK/EMSK were mixed into the key derivation,
> > > then there
> > > > > might be some weakening of the key derivation.  How much
> > > depends on
> > > > > the algorithm.
> > > > >
> > > > > >If that's confusing too, please let me know.
> > > > >
> > > > > I understand the point.... question is how we make it
> > > clear in the
> > > > > text.
> > > > >
> > > > > >>Right.  And by the same logic, the MSK and EMSK=20
> might expire=20
> > > > > >>at different times.  I'm not sure that the key lifetime
> > > section takes
> > > > > >>that into account adequately.
> > > > > >
> > > > > >That sounds right and the clarification will be good.
> > > > >
> > > > > Suggestions welcome.
> > > > >
> > > > > >>This makes sense assuming that the entity=20
> authentiation keys=20
> > > > > >>aren't themselves derived from the EMSK.
> > > > > >
> > > > > >Even if entity authentication keys are derived from the
> > > EMSK, the
> > > > > >guideline applies, I think.  Suppose the EMSK supports
> > > > > derivation of a
> > > > > >traffic key and a separate entity authentication key,
> > > > > wouldn't it make
> > > > > >sense to say that, all other things being equal, the traffic
> > > > > key will
> > > > > >have a shorter lifetime than the entity authentication key,
> > > > > based on key usage?
> > > > >
> > > > > Yes, it would make sense.   I guess I'd distinguish between a
> > > > > key calculated
> > > > > from the EMSK (e.g. AMSK) and a TSK.  The AMSK formulas that=20
> > > > > have been suggested so far are static -- that is,=20
> they are based=20
> > > > > on a key-label, but do not generate a fresh key every=20
> time they=20
> > > > > are invoked on the same EMSK, in the way that some TSK=20
> > > > > derivations do (e.g. 802.11i 4-way handshake).
> > > > >
> > > > > Unless there is an ability to generate fresh keys=20
> without an EAP=20
> > > > > re-authentication, then when the derived keyexpires it is
> > > necessary
> > > > > to do an EAP re-authentication.  With TSKs it may be
> > > possible to do
> > > > > a re-key independent of EAP (e.g. 802.11i 4-way handshake).
> > > > >
> > > > >
> > > > >=20
> ________________________________________________________________
> > > > > _ To unsubscribe or modify your subscription options, please=20
> > > > > visit:
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Two things then:

First we need a clarification on what the EAP keying FW is going to 
say about EMSKs.  If it says EMSK usage is specified elsewhere (and 
deletes the EMSK MUST not be used for key derivation, for 
consistency), then you are indeed correct.  The EAP keying FW should 
stick to MSK and TSK lifetime discussion, which it does at length, 
and not talk about EMSK child keys (intuitively, if it doesn't 
describe EMSK usage, then properties of child keys do not belong in 
the EAP keying FW document).

If the document is to add a few notes on EMSK usage, then perhaps 
providing guidelines on child keys, freshness and other 
considerations do belong in it.

Can we agree to that and explore which of the above two might make sense?

Finally, apologies for side tracking your issue.  I think there was 
some confusion along the way and I am partly responsible for that.

regards,
Lakshminath

At 01:29 AM 5/4/2006, Narayanan, Vidya wrote:

> >
> > Speaking very loosely and at a high level, we say that MSK is
> > sent to the Authenticator and then TSKs are derived using
> > various protocols and go on to talk about TSK properties.
> > Likewise, we are talking
> > about EMSK "usage" in the EAP keying FW document.
>
>But, the document does not talk about EMSK usage though.
>
> > We say a bunch of
> > things, all of which I am ok with and that the EMSK MUST NOT
> > be used to derive keys, which I am not ok with.  There are
> > proposals to change that, so we might start revising that
> > statement to avoid having two RFCs in conflict with each other.
> >
>
>Good point - we have a discussion from a while back on removing this
>text about not using EMSK to derive other keys, but seems like we never
>closed the loop on that one. Given that we pretty much have a consensus
>that EMSK will be used for key derivation, this text doesn't make sense.
>
>
>
> > Once that is done, talking about derived key properties is ok.
> >
>
>This doesn't make sense to me still. What properties of derived keys are
>we going to talk about here? Just lifetime? Why not other properties
>then?
>
>If at all this document should talk about any lifetimes, it must be the
>EMSK lifetime itself (assuming caching of EMSK is allowed, on which
>there has been a recent reversal in thinking from the earlier notion of
>no caching) - this is not addressed in the document and it would make
>sense to address this.
>
>Regards,
>Vidya
>
> > Iff that is not done, sure I agree with you (if we MUST NOT
> > derive keys, what's the point in talking about the properties
> > of the derived keys?).  But, I contend that that rule needs
> > to be revised.
> >
> > regards,
> > Lakshminath
> >
> > At 08:05 PM 5/3/2006, Narayanan, Vidya wrote:
> > >Hmmm..
> > >
> > >I gave this some more thought and am still not convinced we need to
> > >include this text here. The document talks about TSKs and their
> > >lifetimes, because the TSKs are derived from the MSKs and
> > the MSK usage
> > >is fully covered by this document. However, it makes sense
> > to me that
> > >the EMSK usage document be the one that defines the lifetime
> > guidelines
> > >for the keys derived from the EMSK.
> > >
> > >While we are explicitly excluding any EMSK usage text from this
> > >document, why should this document cover lifetime guidelines
> > for child
> > >keys of EMSK? All the rest of the child key properties
> > aren't covered
> > >here - isn't lifetime a property too?
> > >
> > >Regards,
> > >Vidya
> > >
> > >
> > > > -----Original Message-----
> > > > From: Lakshminath Dondeti [mailto:ldondeti@qualcomm.com]
> > > > Sent: Tuesday, May 02, 2006 6:34 PM
> > > > To: Narayanan, Vidya; Bernard Aboba; eap@frascone.com
> > > > Subject: RE: [eap] Re: issue 361: child key expiry
> > > >
> > > > Hi Vidya,
> > > >
> > > > After having thought about this some more, I think we should have
> > > > some text on EMSK to child key derivation in the
> > EAP-keying document
> > > > along the lines of the 4 items listed earlier.  This is
> > inline with
> > > > the text on TSKs in 3.1(e) and perhaps elsewhere in the document.
> > > >
> > > > regards,
> > > > Lakshminath
> > > >
> > > > At 03:08 PM 5/2/2006, Narayanan, Vidya wrote:
> > > > >Bernard, Lakshminath,
> > > > >While this is an interesting discussion, I feel that the
> > > > EMSK specifics
> > > > >with respect to caching and lifetime as well as child key
> > > > >properties need to be discussed in the EMSK usage
> > document. We can
> > > > continue having
> > > > >this discussion in light of the EMSK usage document.
> > > > >
> > > > >For the purpose of EAP keying document, can we not add that
> > > > >sentence about a future EMSK usage document and leave it at that?
> > > > >
> > > > >However, if there are things that need to be clarified here with
> > > > >respect to the MSK, we should certainly do that in this document.
> > > > >
> > > > >Thanks,
> > > > >Vidya
> > > > >
> > > > > > -----Original Message-----
> > > > > > From: Bernard Aboba [mailto:bernard_aboba@hotmail.com]
> > > > > > Sent: Tuesday, May 02, 2006 12:19 PM
> > > > > > To: Dondeti, Lakshminath; eap@frascone.com
> > > > > > Subject: Re: [eap] Re: issue 361: child key expiry
> > > > > >
> > > > > > >I wasn't thinking about PANA, but thinking about the use
> > > > > > case of client
> > > > > > >authentication in IPsec remote access using EAP.
> > > > Whereas EAP can
> > > > > > >be used every time, it is plausible that the MSK is
> > > > cached as the
> > > > > > >IKEv2 Preshared key for future authentication to avoid
> > > > EAP latency.
> > > > > >
> > > > > > Perhaps we can say that RFC 4306 does not support key
> > > > caching?  It
> > > > > > seems that an extension to IKEv2 would be required to
> > > > support this,
> > > > > > since otherwise the IKE initiator and responder couldn't
> > > > negotiate
> > > > > > whether cached EAP keys are to be used, and if so, which ones.
> > > > > >
> > > > > > >>Are you suggesting that there might be situations
> > in which EAP
> > > > > > >>keys aren't used for key derivation, but compromise might
> > > > > > >>still
> > > > > > be possible?
> > > > > > >
> > > > > > >No.  I am asking if the MSK/EMSK figures into the key
> > > > > > derivation, say
> > > > > > >only partially (say along with DH), compromise of MSK/EMSK
> > > > > > >means compromise of derived keys.  I was then saying perhaps
> > > > that is too
> > > > > > >restrictive, but I'd contend not, unless there is a strong
> > > > > > case made for the alternative.
> > > > > >
> > > > > > OK.  If the MSK/EMSK were mixed into the key derivation,
> > > > then there
> > > > > > might be some weakening of the key derivation.  How much
> > > > depends on
> > > > > > the algorithm.
> > > > > >
> > > > > > >If that's confusing too, please let me know.
> > > > > >
> > > > > > I understand the point.... question is how we make it
> > > > clear in the
> > > > > > text.
> > > > > >
> > > > > > >>Right.  And by the same logic, the MSK and EMSK
> > might expire
> > > > > > >>at different times.  I'm not sure that the key lifetime
> > > > section takes
> > > > > > >>that into account adequately.
> > > > > > >
> > > > > > >That sounds right and the clarification will be good.
> > > > > >
> > > > > > Suggestions welcome.
> > > > > >
> > > > > > >>This makes sense assuming that the entity
> > authentiation keys
> > > > > > >>aren't themselves derived from the EMSK.
> > > > > > >
> > > > > > >Even if entity authentication keys are derived from the
> > > > EMSK, the
> > > > > > >guideline applies, I think.  Suppose the EMSK supports
> > > > > > derivation of a
> > > > > > >traffic key and a separate entity authentication key,
> > > > > > wouldn't it make
> > > > > > >sense to say that, all other things being equal, the traffic
> > > > > > key will
> > > > > > >have a shorter lifetime than the entity authentication key,
> > > > > > based on key usage?
> > > > > >
> > > > > > Yes, it would make sense.   I guess I'd distinguish between a
> > > > > > key calculated
> > > > > > from the EMSK (e.g. AMSK) and a TSK.  The AMSK formulas that
> > > > > > have been suggested so far are static -- that is,
> > they are based
> > > > > > on a key-label, but do not generate a fresh key every
> > time they
> > > > > > are invoked on the same EMSK, in the way that some TSK
> > > > > > derivations do (e.g. 802.11i 4-way handshake).
> > > > > >
> > > > > > Unless there is an ability to generate fresh keys
> > without an EAP
> > > > > > re-authentication, then when the derived keyexpires it is
> > > > necessary
> > > > > > to do an EAP re-authentication.  With TSKs it may be
> > > > possible to do
> > > > > > a re-key independent of EAP (e.g. 802.11i 4-way handshake).
> > > > > >
> > > > > >
> > > > > >
> > ________________________________________________________________
> > > > > > _ To unsubscribe or modify your subscription options, please
> > > > > > visit:
> > > > > > http://lists.frascone.com/mailman/listinfo/eap
> > > > > >
> > > > > > Arhives: http://lists.frascone.com/pipermail/eap
> > > > > >
> > > >
> > > >
> >
> >

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Date: Thu, 04 May 2006 15:29:56 -0400
From: Yoshihiro Ohba <yohba@tari.toshiba.com>
Subject: Re: [eap] Re: issue 357: Channel Binding Definition
In-reply-to: <2EBB8025B6D1BA41B567DB32C1D8DB847923E3@NAEX06.na.qualcomm.com>
To: "Narayanan, Vidya" <vidyan@qualcomm.com>
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On Wed, May 03, 2006 at 07:00:37PM -0700, Narayanan, Vidya wrote:
> Hi Yoshi,
> Please see comments inline.  
>  
> > On Tue, May 02, 2006 at 03:02:21PM -0700, Narayanan, Vidya wrote:
> > > I don't think the channel binding information needs to be 
> > the same for 
> > > all parties. For e.g., consider a case where the server has 
> > a view of 
> > > the SSIDs for which a given MSK is valid. The peer at a 
> > given moment 
> > > may only see a subset of the SSIDs - as it moves though, it 
> > needs to 
> > > know that a new SSID it sees may or may not use that MSK 
> > for TSK derivation.
> > > 
> > > For this reason, actually mixing of the keys with channel 
> > binding data 
> > > doesn't quite make sense to me yet. This implies that the 
> > peer has a 
> > > complete view of the channel binding data at a given time, 
> > which does 
> > > not seem to make practical sense in all models of deployment.
> > 
> > Since I don't think the complete channel binding data is so 
> > large, I don't see a practical issue here.  What is 
> > deployment scenario in your mind?
> > 
> 
> I'm not sure that there isn't a practical issue. Depending on the
> authenticator location and the number of enforcement points under an
> authenticator or how many ports the authenticator has, this could be
> fairly large - and I don't think it is valid to say that the peer will
> be able to have a complete view at all times. 

I think not all pieces of information associated with the
authenticator have to be part of EAP Channel Binding data.  I mean
some information such as identifier of each enforcement point can be
bound locally betweeen peer and authenticator, using lower layer
chanel binding provided by SAP, as long as basic information such as
authenticator identity is validated using EAP Channel Binding and the
valid authenticator is advertising that locally bound information.

On the other hand I think the entire EAP Channel Binding data needs to
be available to the peer when keying material is exported by an EAP
method.  Otherwise, key scope becomes ambiguous at the time of
creating the keying material, which could open up some vulnerability
in key management.

> 
> 
> > > 
> > > It may make sense for the peer have the entire channel binding data 
> > > from the server - as it moves, it can compare to see if 
> > what it sees 
> > > is a subset of that data it received from the server or not.
> > 
> > I don't think only comparing subset of that data with the 
> > server does not work for Channel Binding verification, as an 
> > attacker can still fool around the rest of data that is not 
> > part of the subset.
> > 
> 
> Not really. The idea here is that the entire channel binding blob from
> the server is integrity protected - so, if someone fooled with some of
> that data, the integrity check will fail and hence, it becomes
> detectable. 

I am not sure I fully understand your idea.  Say Channel Binding data
is XYZ.  Suppose the peer learns X from the authenticator via lower
layer, but it does not yet learn YZ via lower layer.  How can the peer
determine that the authenticator is valid by only validating X but
before validating YZ?

> But, the blob may contain, say, a concatenation of lots of
> information. The peer would then have to compare what it got from the
> authenticator or EP to the data it got from the server to say whether or
> not that data was part of what the server sent it or not. 

Please see my comment above. Not all pieces of information associated
with the authenticator have to be part of EAP Channel Binding data.

> 
> 
> > > Alternately, the
> > > peer just needs confirmation from the server that what it 
> > sees is valid.
> > 
> > This requires channel bindind data to be sent from the peer 
> > to server, while the server pre-configures the channel 
> > bindind data.  This is redundant information exchange to me.
> > 
> 
> Not really. If the peer sent the channel binding data as it sees it, the
> server only has to say whether or not it is correct. So, a protected
> channel binding result indication is all is needed in the return path. 

What about the forward path?  I don't see a need for the peer to send
the Channel Binding data to the server if the peer learns the entire
Channel Binding data from lower-layer and the server pre-configures
the same data.

Regards,
Yoshihiro Ohba


> 
> Regards,
> Vidya
> 
> > Yoshihiro Ohba
> > 
> > 
> > 
> > > 
> > > 
> > > Vidya
> > > 
> > > > -----Original Message-----
> > > > From: Bernard Aboba [mailto:bernard_aboba@hotmail.com]
> > > > Sent: Tuesday, May 02, 2006 12:23 PM
> > > > To: Narayanan, Vidya; eap@frascone.com
> > > > Subject: RE: [eap] Re: issue 357: Channel Binding Definition
> > > > 
> > > > That makes sense.  Do we also need to indicate that the channel 
> > > > bindings need to be the same for all parties?  For example:
> > > > 
> > > > "Channel Binding
> > > > 
> > > > A secure mechanism for ensuring the synchronization and 
> > correctness 
> > > > of channel properties (such as endpoint
> > > > identifiers) provided to the EAP peer, authenticator and server."
> > > > 
> > > > >Minor clarification:
> > > > >
> > > > >"Channel Binding
> > > > >
> > > > >A *secure* mechanism for ensuring the correctness of channel
> > > > properties
> > > > >(such as endpoint identifiers) provided to the EAP peer,
> > > > authenticator
> > > > >and server. "
> > > > >
> > > > >The word secure is to imply that if this data is in fact
> > > > sent as a blob
> > > > >between the peer and server, it must be integrity protected.
> > > > >
> > > > >Vidya
> > > > 
> > > > 
> > > > 
> > > _________________________________________________________________
> > > To unsubscribe or modify your subscription options, please visit:
> > > http://lists.frascone.com/mailman/listinfo/eap
> > > 
> > > Arhives: http://lists.frascone.com/pipermail/eap
> > > 
> > > 
> > 
> 
> 
_________________________________________________________________
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>I think not all pieces of information associated with the
>authenticator have to be part of EAP Channel Binding data.  I mean
>some information such as identifier of each enforcement point can be
>bound locally betweeen peer and authenticator, using lower layer
>chanel binding provided by SAP, as long as basic information such as
>authenticator identity is validated using EAP Channel Binding and the
>valid authenticator is advertising that locally bound information.
>
>On the other hand I think the entire EAP Channel Binding data needs to
>be available to the peer when keying material is exported by an EAP
>method.  Otherwise, key scope becomes ambiguous at the time of
>creating the keying material, which could open up some vulnerability
>in key management.

Right.  Maybe we could make this clearer in the document.


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Date: Fri, 05 May 2006 09:47:42 -0400
From: Yoshihiro Ohba <yohba@tari.toshiba.com>
Subject: Re: [eap] Re: issue 357: Channel Binding Definition
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On Thu, May 04, 2006 at 04:13:10PM -0700, Bernard Aboba wrote:
> >I think not all pieces of information associated with the
> >authenticator have to be part of EAP Channel Binding data.  I mean
> >some information such as identifier of each enforcement point can be
> >bound locally betweeen peer and authenticator, using lower layer
> >chanel binding provided by SAP, as long as basic information such as
> >authenticator identity is validated using EAP Channel Binding and the
> >valid authenticator is advertising that locally bound information.
> >
> >On the other hand I think the entire EAP Channel Binding data needs to
> >be available to the peer when keying material is exported by an EAP
> >method.  Otherwise, key scope becomes ambiguous at the time of
> >creating the keying material, which could open up some vulnerability
> >in key management.
> 
> Right.  Maybe we could make this clearer in the document.
> 

I agree.

Yoshihiro Ohba
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Subject: RE: [eap] Re: issue 357: Channel Binding Definition
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Thread-Topic: [eap] Re: issue 357: Channel Binding Definition
Thread-Index: AcZv0Fzy107ZL6+LQ8aBRBYCILws1QAkaPPw
From: "Narayanan, Vidya" <vidyan@qualcomm.com>
To: "Bernard Aboba" <bernard_aboba@hotmail.com>,
	<yohba@tari.toshiba.com>
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>=20
> >I think not all pieces of information associated with the=20
> authenticator=20
> >have to be part of EAP Channel Binding data.  I mean some=20
> information=20
> >such as identifier of each enforcement point can be bound locally=20
> >betweeen peer and authenticator, using lower layer chanel binding=20
> >provided by SAP, as long as basic information such as authenticator=20
> >identity is validated using EAP Channel Binding and the valid=20
> >authenticator is advertising that locally bound information.
> >


I am confused by the above - are you saying that the channel binding
data, for instance, may just be the authenticator ID (NAS ID as seen by
the server) and that any information on EPs associated with the
authenticator may be exchanged via the lower layer? How does the peer
trust that information then? At least in 802.11 networks, security of
management frames may take care of this, but I don't see this applying
to all kinds of technologies.=20


> >On the other hand I think the entire EAP Channel Binding=20
> data needs to=20
> >be available to the peer when keying material is exported by an EAP=20
> >method.  Otherwise, key scope becomes ambiguous at the time=20
> of creating=20
> >the keying material, which could open up some vulnerability in key=20
> >management.
>=20
> Right.  Maybe we could make this clearer in the document.
>=20

I somewhat agree with the above - I am not disputing that the server
would have to send all channel binding data associated with a given MSK
at the time of export of the MSK. If this is a blob sent from the server
to the peer in a method, there is no issue. Only when you are assuming
the presence of that entire blob at the peer without exchanging that in
the method and arriving at a mixed key or something, this becomes a
problem, because the peer may not have a complete view.=20

Vidya
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From: Lakshminath Dondeti <ldondeti@qualcomm.com>
Subject: RE: [eap] Re: issue 357: Channel Binding Definition
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With apologies for interjecting in the middle of a discussion that 
seems to be concluding, I have some basic questions on Channel binding:

What are the types of CB information shared between the peer and the server?

How dissimilar might be the CB information?  In other words, are 
there different schools of thought on what might be sent, what might 
the peer and the server know about the authenticator?

How large might be the information?  In some EAP methods, it may be 
necessary to limit the size of the information.  So, if the peer has 
only a subset of the information that the server has, then it might 
make sense for the peer to send the CB info and the server to verify it.

Is all authenticated CB info exchanged between peer and server?  Or, 
does it make sense to do some of it in the method and the rest in L2 etc?

Thanks in advance for any clarification.

regards,
Lakshminath


At 09:40 AM 5/5/2006, Narayanan, Vidya wrote:

> >
> > >I think not all pieces of information associated with the
> > authenticator
> > >have to be part of EAP Channel Binding data.  I mean some
> > information
> > >such as identifier of each enforcement point can be bound locally
> > >betweeen peer and authenticator, using lower layer chanel binding
> > >provided by SAP, as long as basic information such as authenticator
> > >identity is validated using EAP Channel Binding and the valid
> > >authenticator is advertising that locally bound information.
> > >
>
>
>I am confused by the above - are you saying that the channel binding
>data, for instance, may just be the authenticator ID (NAS ID as seen by
>the server) and that any information on EPs associated with the
>authenticator may be exchanged via the lower layer? How does the peer
>trust that information then? At least in 802.11 networks, security of
>management frames may take care of this, but I don't see this applying
>to all kinds of technologies.
>
>
> > >On the other hand I think the entire EAP Channel Binding
> > data needs to
> > >be available to the peer when keying material is exported by an EAP
> > >method.  Otherwise, key scope becomes ambiguous at the time
> > of creating
> > >the keying material, which could open up some vulnerability in key
> > >management.
> >
> > Right.  Maybe we could make this clearer in the document.
> >
>
>I somewhat agree with the above - I am not disputing that the server
>would have to send all channel binding data associated with a given MSK
>at the time of export of the MSK. If this is a blob sent from the server
>to the peer in a method, there is no issue. Only when you are assuming
>the presence of that entire blob at the peer without exchanging that in
>the method and arriving at a mixed key or something, this becomes a
>problem, because the peer may not have a complete view.
>
>Vidya
>_________________________________________________________________
>To unsubscribe or modify your subscription options, please visit:
>http://lists.frascone.com/mailman/listinfo/eap
>
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From: Yoshihiro Ohba <yohba@tari.toshiba.com>
Subject: Re: [eap] Re: issue 357: Channel Binding Definition
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On Fri, May 05, 2006 at 11:01:42AM -0700, Lakshminath Dondeti wrote:
> With apologies for interjecting in the middle of a discussion that 
> seems to be concluding, I have some basic questions on Channel binding:
> 
> What are the types of CB information shared between the peer and the server?

Section 5.11 of eap-keying draft mentions Called-Station-Id,
Calling-Station-Id, NAS-Identifier, NAS-IP-Address and
NAS-IPv6-Address.  There can be others, but it depends on each lower
layer.

> 
> How dissimilar might be the CB information?  In other words, are 
> there different schools of thought on what might be sent, what might 
> the peer and the server know about the authenticator?

It seems there are different opinions about CB data.  Please see 
my comments below to express my opinion.

> 
> How large might be the information?  In some EAP methods, it may be 
> necessary to limit the size of the information.  So, if the peer has 
> only a subset of the information that the server has, then it might 
> make sense for the peer to send the CB info and the server to verify it.

It should not be Kbytes of data.  It should be the same order as the
link-layer channel binding data which is mixed to generate link-layer
keys from EAP-generated keying material, or the link-layer forms a key
hierarchy, then it should the same order as the highest level
link-layer channel binding data in the hierarchy.  I don't really
think whole bunch of link-layer channel binding data of the entire
hierarchy needs to be part of EAP CB data.  This is because even
link-layer hierarchical channel binding does not use level N channel
binding data to generate level N-1 key.  Why EAP should use level N
data for CB?  Having said that I can't think of a situation where the
peer sees only subnet of EAP CB data advertised by authenticator.

Note that this argument should be generally applicable when CB is
applied to any key hiearchy including a key hierarchy between
authenticator and EAP server, if it is formed.  Section 4.3
(Hierarchical Channel Binding) of draft-ohba-eap-channel-binding-00 is
described based on this concept.

> 
> Is all authenticated CB info exchanged between peer and server?  Or, 
> does it make sense to do some of it in the method and the rest in L2 etc?

There is no need to exchange authenticated CB info between peer and
server, this is just redundant.  The peer sees the CB data advertised
by authenticator and the server pre-configures the same data.  The
peer and server only mix the data into keying material exported by EAP
method and the server transports it to the authenticator.  After that,
the peer and authenticator lower-layer entities verify the possession
of the mixed key using SAP.

Regards,
Yoshihiro Ohba


> 
> Thanks in advance for any clarification.
> 
> regards,
> Lakshminath
> 
> 
> At 09:40 AM 5/5/2006, Narayanan, Vidya wrote:
> 
> >>
> >> >I think not all pieces of information associated with the
> >> authenticator
> >> >have to be part of EAP Channel Binding data.  I mean some
> >> information
> >> >such as identifier of each enforcement point can be bound locally
> >> >betweeen peer and authenticator, using lower layer chanel binding
> >> >provided by SAP, as long as basic information such as authenticator
> >> >identity is validated using EAP Channel Binding and the valid
> >> >authenticator is advertising that locally bound information.
> >> >
> >
> >
> >I am confused by the above - are you saying that the channel binding
> >data, for instance, may just be the authenticator ID (NAS ID as seen by
> >the server) and that any information on EPs associated with the
> >authenticator may be exchanged via the lower layer? How does the peer
> >trust that information then? At least in 802.11 networks, security of
> >management frames may take care of this, but I don't see this applying
> >to all kinds of technologies.
> >
> >
> >> >On the other hand I think the entire EAP Channel Binding
> >> data needs to
> >> >be available to the peer when keying material is exported by an EAP
> >> >method.  Otherwise, key scope becomes ambiguous at the time
> >> of creating
> >> >the keying material, which could open up some vulnerability in key
> >> >management.
> >>
> >> Right.  Maybe we could make this clearer in the document.
> >>
> >
> >I somewhat agree with the above - I am not disputing that the server
> >would have to send all channel binding data associated with a given MSK
> >at the time of export of the MSK. If this is a blob sent from the server
> >to the peer in a method, there is no issue. Only when you are assuming
> >the presence of that entire blob at the peer without exchanging that in
> >the method and arriving at a mixed key or something, this becomes a
> >problem, because the peer may not have a complete view.
> >
> >Vidya
> >_________________________________________________________________
> >To unsubscribe or modify your subscription options, please visit:
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Subject: RE: [eap] Re: issue 361: child key expiry
Date: Fri, 5 May 2006 20:08:25 -0700
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Thread-Topic: [eap] Re: issue 361: child key expiry
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From: "Narayanan, Vidya" <vidyan@qualcomm.com>
To: "Dondeti, Lakshminath" <ldondeti@qualcomm.com>,
	"Bernard Aboba" <bernard_aboba@hotmail.com>, <eap@frascone.com>
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>=20
> Two things then:
>=20
> First we need a clarification on what the EAP keying FW is=20
> going to say about EMSKs.  If it says EMSK usage is specified=20
> elsewhere (and deletes the EMSK MUST not be used for key=20
> derivation, for consistency), then you are indeed correct. =20
> The EAP keying FW should stick to MSK and TSK lifetime=20
> discussion, which it does at length, and not talk about EMSK=20
> child keys (intuitively, if it doesn't describe EMSK usage,=20
> then properties of child keys do not belong in the EAP keying=20
> FW document).
>=20

The above would be my preference.=20

Regards,
Vidya

> If the document is to add a few notes on EMSK usage, then=20
> perhaps providing guidelines on child keys, freshness and=20
> other considerations do belong in it.
>=20
> Can we agree to that and explore which of the above two might=20
> make sense?
>=20
> Finally, apologies for side tracking your issue.  I think=20
> there was some confusion along the way and I am partly=20
> responsible for that.
>=20
> regards,
> Lakshminath
>=20
> At 01:29 AM 5/4/2006, Narayanan, Vidya wrote:
>=20
> > >
> > > Speaking very loosely and at a high level, we say that=20
> MSK is sent=20
> > > to the Authenticator and then TSKs are derived using various=20
> > > protocols and go on to talk about TSK properties.
> > > Likewise, we are talking
> > > about EMSK "usage" in the EAP keying FW document.
> >
> >But, the document does not talk about EMSK usage though.
> >
> > > We say a bunch of
> > > things, all of which I am ok with and that the EMSK MUST=20
> NOT be used=20
> > > to derive keys, which I am not ok with.  There are proposals to=20
> > > change that, so we might start revising that statement to avoid=20
> > > having two RFCs in conflict with each other.
> > >
> >
> >Good point - we have a discussion from a while back on removing this=20
> >text about not using EMSK to derive other keys, but seems=20
> like we never=20
> >closed the loop on that one. Given that we pretty much have=20
> a consensus=20
> >that EMSK will be used for key derivation, this text doesn't=20
> make sense.
> >
> >
> >
> > > Once that is done, talking about derived key properties is ok.
> > >
> >
> >This doesn't make sense to me still. What properties of derived keys=20
> >are we going to talk about here? Just lifetime? Why not other=20
> >properties then?
> >
> >If at all this document should talk about any lifetimes, it=20
> must be the=20
> >EMSK lifetime itself (assuming caching of EMSK is allowed, on which=20
> >there has been a recent reversal in thinking from the=20
> earlier notion of=20
> >no caching) - this is not addressed in the document and it=20
> would make=20
> >sense to address this.
> >
> >Regards,
> >Vidya
> >
> > > Iff that is not done, sure I agree with you (if we MUST=20
> NOT derive=20
> > > keys, what's the point in talking about the properties of the=20
> > > derived keys?).  But, I contend that that rule needs to=20
> be revised.
> > >
> > > regards,
> > > Lakshminath
> > >
> > > At 08:05 PM 5/3/2006, Narayanan, Vidya wrote:
> > > >Hmmm..
> > > >
> > > >I gave this some more thought and am still not convinced=20
> we need to=20
> > > >include this text here. The document talks about TSKs and their=20
> > > >lifetimes, because the TSKs are derived from the MSKs and
> > > the MSK usage
> > > >is fully covered by this document. However, it makes sense
> > > to me that
> > > >the EMSK usage document be the one that defines the lifetime
> > > guidelines
> > > >for the keys derived from the EMSK.
> > > >
> > > >While we are explicitly excluding any EMSK usage text from this=20
> > > >document, why should this document cover lifetime guidelines
> > > for child
> > > >keys of EMSK? All the rest of the child key properties
> > > aren't covered
> > > >here - isn't lifetime a property too?
> > > >
> > > >Regards,
> > > >Vidya
> > > >
> > > >
> > > > > -----Original Message-----
> > > > > From: Lakshminath Dondeti [mailto:ldondeti@qualcomm.com]
> > > > > Sent: Tuesday, May 02, 2006 6:34 PM
> > > > > To: Narayanan, Vidya; Bernard Aboba; eap@frascone.com
> > > > > Subject: RE: [eap] Re: issue 361: child key expiry
> > > > >
> > > > > Hi Vidya,
> > > > >
> > > > > After having thought about this some more, I think we should=20
> > > > > have some text on EMSK to child key derivation in the
> > > EAP-keying document
> > > > > along the lines of the 4 items listed earlier.  This is
> > > inline with
> > > > > the text on TSKs in 3.1(e) and perhaps elsewhere in=20
> the document.
> > > > >
> > > > > regards,
> > > > > Lakshminath
> > > > >
> > > > > At 03:08 PM 5/2/2006, Narayanan, Vidya wrote:
> > > > > >Bernard, Lakshminath,
> > > > > >While this is an interesting discussion, I feel that the
> > > > > EMSK specifics
> > > > > >with respect to caching and lifetime as well as child key=20
> > > > > >properties need to be discussed in the EMSK usage
> > > document. We can
> > > > > continue having
> > > > > >this discussion in light of the EMSK usage document.
> > > > > >
> > > > > >For the purpose of EAP keying document, can we not add that=20
> > > > > >sentence about a future EMSK usage document and=20
> leave it at that?
> > > > > >
> > > > > >However, if there are things that need to be clarified here=20
> > > > > >with respect to the MSK, we should certainly do that=20
> in this document.
> > > > > >
> > > > > >Thanks,
> > > > > >Vidya
> > > > > >
> > > > > > > -----Original Message-----
> > > > > > > From: Bernard Aboba [mailto:bernard_aboba@hotmail.com]
> > > > > > > Sent: Tuesday, May 02, 2006 12:19 PM
> > > > > > > To: Dondeti, Lakshminath; eap@frascone.com
> > > > > > > Subject: Re: [eap] Re: issue 361: child key expiry
> > > > > > >
> > > > > > > >I wasn't thinking about PANA, but thinking about the use
> > > > > > > case of client
> > > > > > > >authentication in IPsec remote access using EAP.
> > > > > Whereas EAP can
> > > > > > > >be used every time, it is plausible that the MSK is
> > > > > cached as the
> > > > > > > >IKEv2 Preshared key for future authentication to avoid
> > > > > EAP latency.
> > > > > > >
> > > > > > > Perhaps we can say that RFC 4306 does not support key
> > > > > caching?  It
> > > > > > > seems that an extension to IKEv2 would be required to
> > > > > support this,
> > > > > > > since otherwise the IKE initiator and responder couldn't
> > > > > negotiate
> > > > > > > whether cached EAP keys are to be used, and if=20
> so, which ones.
> > > > > > >
> > > > > > > >>Are you suggesting that there might be situations
> > > in which EAP
> > > > > > > >>keys aren't used for key derivation, but=20
> compromise might=20
> > > > > > > >>still
> > > > > > > be possible?
> > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > >No.  I am asking if the MSK/EMSK figures into the key
> > > > > > > derivation, say
> > > > > > > >only partially (say along with DH), compromise=20
> of MSK/EMSK=20
> > > > > > > >means compromise of derived keys.  I was then saying=20
> > > > > > > >perhaps
> > > > > that is too
> > > > > > > >restrictive, but I'd contend not, unless there=20
> is a strong
> > > > > > > case made for the alternative.
> > > > > > >
> > > > > > > OK.  If the MSK/EMSK were mixed into the key derivation,
> > > > > then there
> > > > > > > might be some weakening of the key derivation.  How much
> > > > > depends on
> > > > > > > the algorithm.
> > > > > > >
> > > > > > > >If that's confusing too, please let me know.
> > > > > > >
> > > > > > > I understand the point.... question is how we make it
> > > > > clear in the
> > > > > > > text.
> > > > > > >
> > > > > > > >>Right.  And by the same logic, the MSK and EMSK
> > > might expire
> > > > > > > >>at different times.  I'm not sure that the key lifetime
> > > > > section takes
> > > > > > > >>that into account adequately.
> > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > >That sounds right and the clarification will be good.
> > > > > > >
> > > > > > > Suggestions welcome.
> > > > > > >
> > > > > > > >>This makes sense assuming that the entity
> > > authentiation keys
> > > > > > > >>aren't themselves derived from the EMSK.
> > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > >Even if entity authentication keys are derived from the
> > > > > EMSK, the
> > > > > > > >guideline applies, I think.  Suppose the EMSK supports
> > > > > > > derivation of a
> > > > > > > >traffic key and a separate entity authentication key,
> > > > > > > wouldn't it make
> > > > > > > >sense to say that, all other things being equal, the=20
> > > > > > > >traffic
> > > > > > > key will
> > > > > > > >have a shorter lifetime than the entity=20
> authentication key,
> > > > > > > based on key usage?
> > > > > > >
> > > > > > > Yes, it would make sense.   I guess I'd=20
> distinguish between a
> > > > > > > key calculated
> > > > > > > from the EMSK (e.g. AMSK) and a TSK.  The AMSK=20
> formulas that=20
> > > > > > > have been suggested so far are static -- that is,
> > > they are based
> > > > > > > on a key-label, but do not generate a fresh key every
> > > time they
> > > > > > > are invoked on the same EMSK, in the way that some TSK=20
> > > > > > > derivations do (e.g. 802.11i 4-way handshake).
> > > > > > >
> > > > > > > Unless there is an ability to generate fresh keys
> > > without an EAP
> > > > > > > re-authentication, then when the derived keyexpires it is
> > > > > necessary
> > > > > > > to do an EAP re-authentication.  With TSKs it may be
> > > > > possible to do
> > > > > > > a re-key independent of EAP (e.g. 802.11i 4-way=20
> handshake).
> > > > > > >
> > > > > > >
> > > > > > >
> > > ________________________________________________________________
> > > > > > > _ To unsubscribe or modify your subscription=20
> options, please
> > > > > > > visit:
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> > >
> > >
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Subject: [eap] Issue 368: Threat Model Assumptions
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Issue 368: Threat Model Assumptions
Submitter name: Bernard Aboba
Submitter email address: aboba@internaut.com
Date Submitted: May 4, 2006
Reference: http://lists.frascone.com/pipermail/eap/msg04231.html
Document: KEYING-12
Comment type: 'T'echnical
Priority: '1' Should fix
Section: 5
Rationale/Explanation of issue:

The assumptions about the attacker are not discussed as part of the
threat model.

Recommendation is to change the first three paragraphs of Section 5
to the following:

" The EAP threat model is described in [RFC3748] Section 7.1. The
security properties of EAP methods (known as "security claims") are
described in [RFC3748] Section 7.2.1. EAP method requirements for
applications such as Wireless LAN authentication are described in
[RFC4017]. The RADIUS threat model is described in [RFC3579] Section
4.1, and responses to these threats are described in [RFC3579]
Sections 4.2 and 4.3.

However, in addition to threats against EAP and AAA, there are other
system level threats. In developing the threat model, it is assumed
that:

All traffic is visible to the attacker.
The attacker can alter, forge or replay messages.
The attacker can reroute messages to another principal.
The attacker may be a principal or an outsider.
The attacker can compromise any key that is sufficiently old.

Threats arising from these assumptions include:"


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From eap-bounces+eap-archive=lists.ietf.org@frascone.com Sat May 06 22:42:32 2006
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I think I see the point, which is that a given authenticator may be 
connected to
more than one EAP server, and that all authenticators in a single 
administrative
domain may not share the same EAP server. Also, EAP servers cannot 
necessarily
be assumed to share key state among each other. If the selcted EAP method 
does not
provide the Server-ID, then the peer cannot know the scope of the keys it
derives with the EAP server.

This can create a number of issues, such as a peer attempting (but failing) 
a
fast reconnect because the server that the authenticator is configured to
communicate with is not the same one with which the peer established the
previous session.

However, there are other situations in which the server identity is not 
material,
such as handoff in an 11r Mobility Domain (MD), where the STA only care 
whether
a candidate AP is in the same MD, not whether the new authenticator is 
configured
to talk to the same backend authentication server as the current or initial 
AP.

In practice, the peer determines whether an authenticator is within the 
scope
of authorization of the backend authentication server by attempting to 
complete
the SAP exchange with it. If the exchange succeeds, the authenticator is
authorized; if not, it isn't. It is possible for the peer to attempt a
fast reconnect exchange with the wrong server; unless the server were to
include its identity in the EAP-Request there is no way for the peer to
determine what server it is talking to before the EAP method conversation
gets underway. Even if the authenticator were to advertise the server(s)
that it is configured to talk to, and even if those servers were identified
by their Server-IDs, it would not be possible for the peer to know a-priori
which server it was going to talk to, since the primary server can change 
due
to changes in network or server availability.

Given this, I'm not sure how the peer can verify that an authenticator is
allowed to be authorized by an EAP server.

The proposed resolution is as follows:

Change Section 2.2 to the following:

"2.2 Peer, Authenticator and Server Architecture

This specification does not impose constraints on the architecture of the
EAP authenticator, peer or server. Any of the authenticator architectures 
described
in [RFC4118] can be used. As a result, lower layers
need to identify EAP peers and authenticators unambiguously, without
incorporating implicit assumptions about
peer and authenticator architectures.

For example, it is possible for multiple base stations
and a "controller" (e.g. WLAN switch) to comprise a single EAP 
authenticator.
In such a situation, the "base station identity" is irrelevant to the EAP
method conversation, except perhaps as an opaque blob to be used in
Channel Bindings. Many base stations can share the same authenticator 
identity.
It should be understood that an EAP authenticator or peer:

[a] may contain one or more physical or logical ports;
[b] may advertise itself as one or more "virtual"
authenticators, peers or servers;
[c] may utilize multiple CPUs;
[d] may support clustering services for load balancing or failover.

Both the EAP peer and authenticator may have more than one physical or 
logical
port. A peer may simultaneously access the network via multiple
authenticators, or via multiple physical or logical ports on a given 
authenticator.
Similarly, an authenticator may offer network access to multiple peers,
each via a separate physical or logical port.
When a single physical
authenticator advertises itself as multiple
"virtual authenticators", it is possible for a single physical port
to belong to multiple "virtual authenticators".

An authenticator may be configured to communicate with more than one
backend authentication server, each of which is configured to
communicate with a subset of the authenticators.
The situation is illustrated in Figure 3.
                            +-+-+-+-+
                            | EAP   |
                            | Peer  |
                            +-+-+-+-+
                              | | |  Peer Ports
                             /  |  \\
                            /   |   \\
                           /    |    \\
                          /     |     \\
                         /      |      \\
                        /       |       \\
                       /        |        \\
                      /         |         \\
                   | | |      | | |      | | | Authenticator Ports
                 +-+-+-+-+  +-+-+-+-+  +-+-+-+-+
                 |       |  |       |  |       |
                 | Auth1 |  | Auth2 |  | Auth3 |
                 |       |  |       |  |       |
                 +-+-+-+-+  +-+-+-+-+  +-+-+-+-+
                      \\        | \          |
                       \\       |  \         |
                        \\      |   \        |
          EAP over AAA   \\     |    \       |
            (optional)    \\    |     \      |
                           \\   |      \     |
                            \\  |       \    |
                             \\ |        \   |
                          +-+-+-+-+-+  +-+-+-+-+-+  Backend
                          |  EAP    |  |  EAP    |  Authentication
                          | Server1 |  | Server2 |  Servers
                          +-+-+-+-+-+  +-+-+-+-+-+

Figure 3: Relationship between EAP peer, authenticator and server"

Add a new section 2.2.1 entitled "Server Identification":

"2.2.1 Server Identification

The EAP method conversation is between the EAP peer and server, as
identified by the Peer-Id and Server-Id.  As shown in Figure 3, an 
authenticator
may be configured to communicate with multiple EAP servers; the server that 
a peer communicates
with may vary according to network and server availability.  For example, in 
Figure 3,
Authenticator2 may be initially configured with EAP
server1 as its primary backend authentication server, and EAP server2
as the backup, but if EAP server1 becomes unavailable, EAP server2
may become the primary server.

As a result, prior to initiation of the EAP conversation, the peer may not 
be able to predict which
EAP server it will be communicating with.  Fast reconnect, defined in 
[RFC3748] Section 7.2, may fail if the EAP server that the peer communicates 
with is not the same one with which
it initially established a security association. The peer may not be able to 
determine
the Server-Id prior to the start of the EAP method conversation, since the
Server-Id is not included in the EAP-Request/Identity, and may not be
advertised by the authenticator during the discovery phase."

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Issue 367: Key Scope and EAP Server Authorization
Submitter name: Joe Salowey
Submitter email address: jsalowey@cisco.com
Date Submitted: May 3, 2006
Reference: http://lists.frascone.com/pipermail/eap/msg04231.html
Document: KEYING-12
Comment type: 'T'echnical
Priority: '1' Should fix
Section: 2.2.1 and 3.2
Rationale/Explanation of issue:
Section 1.4.1 correctly defines the scope of the EAP keying material as
being defined by the EAP Peer and EAP server, however this relationship
is not carried out in other key scope discussions as far as I can tell.
In order for channel binding, key mixing etc. to work the peer must make
sure that the key is used not just within the authorized parameters of
the lower layer, but of the authorized scope of the EAP server as well.

I'm not sure of all of all the places where this needs to be addressed,
but I think it needs to be addressed in section 2.2.1 perhaps by adding

"[g] Verifying that the advertised scope is within the scope that the
EAP server is allowed to authorize"

Section 3.2 should probably state somewhere that:

"The peer should verify that the key scope advertised by the
authenticator is within the scope that is allowed to be authorized by
the EAP Server."


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=20
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From do37qbnf@construction.com Sun May 07 11:38:18 2006
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Subject: RE: [eap] Re: Issue 352: Channel Binding Issue
Date: Sun, 7 May 2006 11:43:08 -0700
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=20

> > [Joe] I don't see how this text is obsolete.  Channel binding is not
> > just an EAP-keying concept.=20
>=20
> I'd say the Channel Binding problem description in RFC3748 is valid,
> but the solution described in RFC 3748 would be a bit obsolete.
>=20
[Joe] Obsoleted by what?

> >=20
> > >=20
> > > "
> > > Using such a protected exchange, it is possible to match=20
> the channel
> > > properties provided by the authenticator via out-of-band=20
> mechanisms
> > > against those exchanged within the EAP method.  For=20
> example, see the
> > > discussion in Section 1.4 as well as=20
> [I-D.arkko-eap-service-identity-
> > > auth].
> > > "
> > >=20
> > > According to the the AAA server's requirement on pre-configurating
> > > Channel Binding parameters, I don't see the usefulness of
> > > [I-D.arkko-eap-service-identity-auth].  Do we really need this
> > > paragraph?
> > >=20
> > [Joe] It still seems useful to me.=20
>=20
> Can you elaborate on how it is useful?
>=20
[Joe] It allows the back end to validate parameters advertised by the
authenticator.=20

> Regards,
> Yoshihiro Ohba
>=20
>=20
> >=20
> >=20
> > >=20
> > > "
> > > The main difference between these approaches is that=20
> Channel Binding
> > > support within an EAP method may require upgrading or changing the
> > > EAP method, impacting both the peer and the server.  =20
> Where Channel
> > > Bindings are implemented in AAA,  the peer, authenticator and the
> > > backend server need to be upgraded, but the EAP method need not be
> > > modified.
> > > "
> > >=20
> > > If we have only one Channel Binding method, we don't need this
> > > comparison.
> >=20
> > [Joe] I don't think this is the place to define one method.
> >=20
> >=20
> > > Best regards,
> > > Yoshihiro Ohba
> > > _________________________________________________________________
> > > To unsubscribe or modify your subscription options, please visit:
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> > >=20
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> >=20
> >=20
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Subject: RE: [eap] Re: Issue 352: Channel Binding Issue
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=20

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Yoshihiro Ohba [mailto:yohba@tari.toshiba.com]=20
> Sent: Tuesday, May 02, 2006 4:23 PM
> To: Salowey, Joe
> Cc: Bernard Aboba; yohba@tari.toshiba.com; eap@frascone.com
> Subject: Re: [eap] Re: Issue 352: Channel Binding Issue
>=20
> On Tue, May 02, 2006 at 04:23:22PM -0700, Salowey, Joe wrote:
> > Hmmm...=20
> >=20
> > Peer gets MSK from EAP and mixes it with Y to get MSKY=20
> > Authenticator gets mixed MSKY in exisitng AAA attribute,=20
> since this is
> > an exisitng attribute it thinks it is just the MSK and=20
> mixes it with Y
> > to get MSKYY.  MSKY and MSKYY don't match.
>=20
> There is some misunderstanding.  If the authenticator is supposed to
> further mix Y to get MSKYY from MSKY, then the peer is also supposed
> to further mix Y to get MSKYY from MSKY.
>=20
[Joe] Yes, but how does the authenticator know if the mixing has been
done by the AAA or if it has to do the mixing.=20


> Yoshihiro Ohba
>=20
>=20
>=20
> >=20
> > It seems to me a separate attribute would really be better.=20
> >=20
> >=20
> > > -----Original Message-----
> > > From: Bernard Aboba [mailto:bernard_aboba@hotmail.com]=20
> > > Sent: Tuesday, May 02, 2006 3:58 PM
> > > To: yohba@tari.toshiba.com; Salowey, Joe
> > > Cc: eap@frascone.com
> > > Subject: Re: [eap] Re: Issue 352: Channel Binding Issue
> > >=20
> > > Right.  The method just outputs the MSK/EMSK.  As long as the=20
> > > same MSK is=20
> > > outputted on both the EAP peer and server, the authenticator=20
> > > doesn't need to=20
> > > know what channel bindings were mixed in.
> > >=20
> > >=20
> > > >From: Yoshihiro Ohba <yohba@tari.toshiba.com>
> > > >To: "Salowey, Joe" <jsalowey@cisco.com>
> > > >CC: Bernard Aboba <bernard_aboba@hotmail.com>,=20
> > > yohba@tari.toshiba.com,     =20
> > > >   eap@frascone.com
> > > >Subject: Re: [eap] Re: Issue 352: Channel Binding Issue
> > > >Date: Tue, 02 May 2006 18:55:29 -0400
> > > >
> > > >On Tue, May 02, 2006 at 03:21:19PM -0700, Salowey, Joe wrote:
> > > > > I'm not sure that carrying "mixed" MSKs in existing=20
> > > attributes is such a
> > > > > good idea,  how does the authenticator know what it=20
> is getting?
> > > >
> > > >I don't think the authenticator needs to know whether the=20
> > > received key
> > > >is the MSK or mixed MSK, as long as both the peer and=20
> authenticator
> > > >obtains the same key.
> > > >
> > > >Yoshihiro Ohba
> > > >
> > > >
> > > > >
> > > > > > -----Original Message-----
> > > > > > From: Bernard Aboba [mailto:bernard_aboba@hotmail.com]
> > > > > > Sent: Tuesday, May 02, 2006 12:27 PM
> > > > > > To: yohba@tari.toshiba.com
> > > > > > Cc: eap@frascone.com
> > > > > > Subject: Re: [eap] Re: Issue 352: Channel Binding Issue
> > > > > >
> > > > > > >Thank you for reading the document.  And the=20
> answer is, if the
> > > > > > >generated "mixed" MSKs are carried in the existing AAA=20
> > > attributes
> > > > > > >instead of carrying the MSKs, then no AAA attributes=20
> > > or communication
> > > > > > >flow is required for EAP keying.
> > > > > >
> > > > > > It might be worth saying a few words about this in the
> > > > > > paragraph.  Overall,
> > > > > > I'm not sure whether the Channel Binding text in=20
> the document
> > > > > > is all that
> > > > > > consistent/comprehesive.
> > > > > >
> > > > > >
> > > > > >=20
> > > _________________________________________________________________
> > > > > > To unsubscribe or modify your subscription options,=20
> > > please visit:
> > > > > > http://lists.frascone.com/mailman/listinfo/eap
> > > > > >
> > > > > > Arhives: http://lists.frascone.com/pipermail/eap
> > > > > >
> > > > >
> > > > >
> > >=20
> >=20
> >=20
>=20
_________________________________________________________________
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Date: Mon, 08 May 2006 08:11:31 -0400
From: Yoshihiro Ohba <yohba@tari.toshiba.com>
Subject: Re: [eap] Re: Issue 352: Channel Binding Issue
In-reply-to: <7210B31550AC934A8637D6619739CE6906F63BC3@e2k-sea-xch2.sea-alpha.cisco.com>
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As the authenticator has to do its own mixing, it does not need
to know if the additional mixing has been done by the AAA or not.

Yoshihiro Ohba

On Sun, May 07, 2006 at 11:44:35AM -0700, Salowey, Joe wrote:
>  
> 
> > -----Original Message-----
> > From: Yoshihiro Ohba [mailto:yohba@tari.toshiba.com] 
> > Sent: Tuesday, May 02, 2006 4:23 PM
> > To: Salowey, Joe
> > Cc: Bernard Aboba; yohba@tari.toshiba.com; eap@frascone.com
> > Subject: Re: [eap] Re: Issue 352: Channel Binding Issue
> > 
> > On Tue, May 02, 2006 at 04:23:22PM -0700, Salowey, Joe wrote:
> > > Hmmm... 
> > > 
> > > Peer gets MSK from EAP and mixes it with Y to get MSKY 
> > > Authenticator gets mixed MSKY in exisitng AAA attribute, 
> > since this is
> > > an exisitng attribute it thinks it is just the MSK and 
> > mixes it with Y
> > > to get MSKYY.  MSKY and MSKYY don't match.
> > 
> > There is some misunderstanding.  If the authenticator is supposed to
> > further mix Y to get MSKYY from MSKY, then the peer is also supposed
> > to further mix Y to get MSKYY from MSKY.
> > 
> [Joe] Yes, but how does the authenticator know if the mixing has been
> done by the AAA or if it has to do the mixing. 
> 
> 
> > Yoshihiro Ohba
> > 
> > 
> > 
> > > 
> > > It seems to me a separate attribute would really be better. 
> > > 
> > > 
> > > > -----Original Message-----
> > > > From: Bernard Aboba [mailto:bernard_aboba@hotmail.com] 
> > > > Sent: Tuesday, May 02, 2006 3:58 PM
> > > > To: yohba@tari.toshiba.com; Salowey, Joe
> > > > Cc: eap@frascone.com
> > > > Subject: Re: [eap] Re: Issue 352: Channel Binding Issue
> > > > 
> > > > Right.  The method just outputs the MSK/EMSK.  As long as the 
> > > > same MSK is 
> > > > outputted on both the EAP peer and server, the authenticator 
> > > > doesn't need to 
> > > > know what channel bindings were mixed in.
> > > > 
> > > > 
> > > > >From: Yoshihiro Ohba <yohba@tari.toshiba.com>
> > > > >To: "Salowey, Joe" <jsalowey@cisco.com>
> > > > >CC: Bernard Aboba <bernard_aboba@hotmail.com>, 
> > > > yohba@tari.toshiba.com,      
> > > > >   eap@frascone.com
> > > > >Subject: Re: [eap] Re: Issue 352: Channel Binding Issue
> > > > >Date: Tue, 02 May 2006 18:55:29 -0400
> > > > >
> > > > >On Tue, May 02, 2006 at 03:21:19PM -0700, Salowey, Joe wrote:
> > > > > > I'm not sure that carrying "mixed" MSKs in existing 
> > > > attributes is such a
> > > > > > good idea,  how does the authenticator know what it 
> > is getting?
> > > > >
> > > > >I don't think the authenticator needs to know whether the 
> > > > received key
> > > > >is the MSK or mixed MSK, as long as both the peer and 
> > authenticator
> > > > >obtains the same key.
> > > > >
> > > > >Yoshihiro Ohba
> > > > >
> > > > >
> > > > > >
> > > > > > > -----Original Message-----
> > > > > > > From: Bernard Aboba [mailto:bernard_aboba@hotmail.com]
> > > > > > > Sent: Tuesday, May 02, 2006 12:27 PM
> > > > > > > To: yohba@tari.toshiba.com
> > > > > > > Cc: eap@frascone.com
> > > > > > > Subject: Re: [eap] Re: Issue 352: Channel Binding Issue
> > > > > > >
> > > > > > > >Thank you for reading the document.  And the 
> > answer is, if the
> > > > > > > >generated "mixed" MSKs are carried in the existing AAA 
> > > > attributes
> > > > > > > >instead of carrying the MSKs, then no AAA attributes 
> > > > or communication
> > > > > > > >flow is required for EAP keying.
> > > > > > >
> > > > > > > It might be worth saying a few words about this in the
> > > > > > > paragraph.  Overall,
> > > > > > > I'm not sure whether the Channel Binding text in 
> > the document
> > > > > > > is all that
> > > > > > > consistent/comprehesive.
> > > > > > >
> > > > > > >
> > > > > > > 
> > > > _________________________________________________________________
> > > > > > > To unsubscribe or modify your subscription options, 
> > > > please visit:
> > > > > > > http://lists.frascone.com/mailman/listinfo/eap
> > > > > > >
> > > > > > > Arhives: http://lists.frascone.com/pipermail/eap
> > > > > > >
> > > > > >
> > > > > >
> > > > 
> > > 
> > > 
> > 
> 
> 
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From: Yoshihiro Ohba <yohba@tari.toshiba.com>
Subject: Re: [eap] Re: Issue 352: Channel Binding Issue
In-reply-to: <7210B31550AC934A8637D6619739CE6906F63BC2@e2k-sea-xch2.sea-alpha.cisco.com>
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On Sun, May 07, 2006 at 11:43:08AM -0700, Salowey, Joe wrote:
>  
> 
> > > [Joe] I don't see how this text is obsolete.  Channel binding is not
> > > just an EAP-keying concept. 
> > 
> > I'd say the Channel Binding problem description in RFC3748 is valid,
> > but the solution described in RFC 3748 would be a bit obsolete.
> > 
> [Joe] Obsoleted by what?

I'd say by CB with key mixing.

> 
> > > 
> > > > 
> > > > "
> > > > Using such a protected exchange, it is possible to match 
> > the channel
> > > > properties provided by the authenticator via out-of-band 
> > mechanisms
> > > > against those exchanged within the EAP method.  For 
> > example, see the
> > > > discussion in Section 1.4 as well as 
> > [I-D.arkko-eap-service-identity-
> > > > auth].
> > > > "
> > > > 
> > > > According to the the AAA server's requirement on pre-configurating
> > > > Channel Binding parameters, I don't see the usefulness of
> > > > [I-D.arkko-eap-service-identity-auth].  Do we really need this
> > > > paragraph?
> > > > 
> > > [Joe] It still seems useful to me. 
> > 
> > Can you elaborate on how it is useful?
> > 
> [Joe] It allows the back end to validate parameters advertised by the
> authenticator. 

I have a doubt about the usefulness of doing this for Channel Binding
as it requires the additional over-the-air step of exchanging CB data
between the peer and the server.  In key mixing approach, this step is
not needed.

Yoshihiro Ohba


> 
> > Regards,
> > Yoshihiro Ohba
> > 
> > 
> > > 
> > > 
> > > > 
> > > > "
> > > > The main difference between these approaches is that 
> > Channel Binding
> > > > support within an EAP method may require upgrading or changing the
> > > > EAP method, impacting both the peer and the server.   
> > Where Channel
> > > > Bindings are implemented in AAA,  the peer, authenticator and the
> > > > backend server need to be upgraded, but the EAP method need not be
> > > > modified.
> > > > "
> > > > 
> > > > If we have only one Channel Binding method, we don't need this
> > > > comparison.
> > > 
> > > [Joe] I don't think this is the place to define one method.
> > > 
> > > 
> > > > Best regards,
> > > > Yoshihiro Ohba
> > > > _________________________________________________________________
> > > > To unsubscribe or modify your subscription options, please visit:
> > > > http://lists.frascone.com/mailman/listinfo/eap
> > > > 
> > > > Arhives: http://lists.frascone.com/pipermail/eap
> > > > 
> > > 
> > > 
> > 
> 
> 
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Sharing a logical cache between virtual authenticators creates the potential 
for elevation of privilege or unauthorized access.  By authenticating to one 
virtual authenticator, the peer can gain
access to any virtual authenticator that it shares a key cache with.  I 
don't think that Section 2.2.2 says this very clearly, though.

With respect to offering different services on different authenticators,this 
is discussed in Section 4, but I am not sure it is a "virtual authenticator" 
issue.

I think that there are two issues that have been intermingled in [i].  One 
is the need for virtual authenticators to advertise their identities 
consistently between AAA and the lower layer, or else channel bindings could 
fail.

Another issue is the need for virtual authenticators to identify them 
distinctly, so that peers can tell them apart.  For example, in 802.11r it 
would not be a good idea for all the virtual authenticators to use the same 
R0KH-ID, since then the peers might not be able to tell them apart.   
However, if they used different R0KH-IDs, but the same NAS-Identifier 
attribute, now channel bindings will fail.

Suggested resolution is as follows:

Change

"   When a single physical authenticator advertises itself as multiple
   "virtual authenticators", a number of security vulnerabilities may
   arise.  For example, the peer may assume that the "virtual
   authenticators" are distinct and do not share a key cache, whereas,
   depending on the architecture of the physical authenticator, a shared
   key cache may or may not be implemented.

   Where EAP keying material is shared between "virtual authenticators"
   an attacker acting as a peer could authenticate with the "Guest"
   "virtual authenticator" and derive EAP keying material.  If the
   virtual authenticators share a key cache, then the peer can utilize
   the EAP keying material derived for the "Guest" network to obtain
   access to the "Corporate Intranet" virtual authenticator.

   In order to address these issues:"

To:

"  When a single physical authenticator advertises itself as multiple
   "virtual authenticators", if the virtual authenticators do not maintain
    logically separate key caches, then by authenticating  to one virtual
    authenticator, the peer can gain access to the other virtual 
authenticators
    sharing a key cache.

   For example, where a physical authenticator implements "Guest" and
   "Corporate Intranet" virtual authenticators,  an attacker acting as a 
peer
   could authenticate with the "Guest" "virtual authenticator" and derive
   EAP keying material.  If the "Guest" and "Corporate Intranet" virtual
   authenticators share a key cache, then the peer can utilize
   the EAP keying material derived for the "Guest" network to obtain
   access to the "Corporate Intranet" network.

   In order to address this vulnerability:"

replace:

"[i]  It is RECOMMENDED that each "virtual authenticator" identify itself
     distinctly to the backend authentication server, such as by
     utilizing a distinct NAS-Identifier attribute.  This enables the
     backend authentication server to utilize a separate credential to
     authenticate each "virtual authenticator", and for the peer and
     backend authentication server to verify the authenticator identity
     via Channel Bindings (see Section 5.11)."

with

""[i]  It is RECOMMENDED that each "virtual authenticator" identify itself
     consistently to the peer and to the backend authentication server,
     so as to enable the peer to verify the authenticator identity via
     Channel Bindings (see Section 5.11).

  [j] It is RECOMMENDED that each "virtual authenticator" identify itself
      distinctly, in order to enable the peer to tell them apart.  For
      example, this can be accomplished by utilizing a distinct
      NAS-Identifier attribute or BSSID."


-------------------------------------------------------------------
Issue 366: Section 2.2.2
Submitter name: Joe Salowey
Submitter email address: jsalowey@cisco.com
Date Submitted: May 2, 2006
Reference: http://lists.frascone.com/pipermail/eap/msg04274.html
Document: KEYING-12
Comment type: 'E'ditorial
Priority: '2' May fix
Section: 2.2.2
Rationale/Explanation of issue:

What is the specific vulnerability in this situation?

" For example, the peer may assume that the "virtual
   authenticators" are distinct and do not share a key cache, whereas,
   depending on the architecture of the physical authenticator, a shared
   key cache may or may not be implemented."

Maybe it should describe the peer problems that arise when you have
different authenticators that provide different levels of services,
similar to the authenticator problems in the next paragraph?

I'm not sure how recommendation [i] is related to the example of the
corporate/guest problem in the second paragraph.


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Subject: [eap] Re: Issue 362: Lower layer parameters and EMSK text
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Move the following text from Section 2 to Section 1.4:

"The EMSK MUST NOT be provided to an entity outside the EAP server or
peer, nor is it permitted to pass any quantity to an entity outside
the EAP server or peer from which the EMSK could be computed without
breaking some cryptographic assumption, such as inverting a one-way
function. As noted in [RFC3748] Section 7.10:

   The EMSK is reserved for future use and MUST remain on the EAP
   peer and EAP server where it is derived; it MUST NOT be
   transported to, or shared with, additional parties, or used to
   derive any other keys."

Change the last four paragraphs of Section 2 to the following:

" In order to preserve the security of keys derived within EAP methods,
lower layers MUST NOT export keys passed down by EAP methods. This
implies that EAP keying material passed down to a lower layer is for
the exclusive use of that lower layer and MUST NOT be used within
another lower layer. This prevents compromise of one lower layer
from compromising other applications using EAP keying parameters.

EAP keying material provided to a lower layer MUST NOT be transported
to another entity. For example, EAP keying material passed down to
the EAP peer lower layer MUST NOT leave the peer; EAP keying
material passed down or transported to the EAP authenticator lower
layer MUST NOT leave the authenticator.

On the EAP server, keying material and parameters requested by and
passed down to the AAA layer may be replicated to the AAA layer on
the authenticator. On the authenticator, the AAA layer provides the
replicated keying material and parameters to the lower layer over
which the EAP authentication conversation took place. This enables
"mode independence" to be maintained.

The EAP layer as well as the peer and authenticator layers MUST NOT
modify or cache keying material or parameters (including Channel
Bindings) passing in either direction between the EAP method layer
and the lower layer or AAA layer."

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Issue 362:  Lower layer parameters and EMSK text
Submitter name: Joe Salowey
Submitter email address: jsalowey@cisco.com
Date Submitted: May 2, 2006
Reference: http://lists.frascone.com/pipermail/eap/msg04247.html
Document: KEYING-12
Comment type: 'E'ditorial
Priority: '1' Should fix
Section: 2
Rationale/Explanation of issue:

1. Passing of parameters to lower layer.  It seems that there may be
some parameters passed to lower layers that could be usable elsewhere.
For example the Session-ID might be usable.  If the session-id is
included in parameters then I think the  following may be to
restrictive:

"This
   implies that EAP keying material or parameters passed down to a lower
   layer are for the exclusive use of that lower layer and MUST NOT be
   used within another lower layer"

Suggested change:

"This implies that EAP keying material passed down to a lower
layer are for the exclusive use of that lower layer and MUST NOT be
used within another lower layer."

If this change is accepted there are several other places in the section
where this should be changed.

2. EMSK text

The First paragraph still mentions exporting the EMSK to the lower layer
which seems to be problematic when considered with the rest of the text
of this section.  I don't think the EMSK should be discussed in the
lower layer section.

My suggestion would be to remove references to the EMSK in this section
and move the paragraph discussing the EMSK to Section 1.4 EAP Key
hierarchy.


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>  [j] It is RECOMMENDED that each "virtual authenticator" identify itself
>distinctly, in order to enable the peer to tell them apart.  For
>  example, this can be accomplished by utilizing a distinct
>NAS-Identifier attribute or BSSID.

This probably should be "in order to enable the peer and backend server to 
tell
them apart", since the backend server will also have this issue.


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From eap-bounces+eap-archive=lists.ietf.org@frascone.com Mon May 08 11:57:33 2006
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Re: do all the three parties have to be involved in
the binding? I believe that is essential for the
definition to say this.

Re: the data that is subject to channel binding. I think it is
clear that not all data known by the parties needs to be
bound. Traditionally, we've only talked about security
or billing related information, such as the NAS identity
and type and cost of service. A large number of other
parameters may be known by some of the parties, but
not relevant from a verification perspective.

Re: do all the parties share the same data? I tend to
agree with Vidya here that its sufficient to for the
verifier to check that the data it gets is correct. But
this issue is also related to policies of what the parties
want to be verified. If the server wants to verify FOO
but the client does not send it, we're not helping. This
leads me to think that the channel bindings, if we ever
get them deployed, are going to have use a well
standardized set of parameters or else we have a policy
management problem in our hands. But see below for
a process comment.

Process comment: Lets try to focus on the definition
of channel bindings rather than their implementation
in this discussion. EAP keying framework does not
define how to implement them, or whether to pick
solution 1, 2, or 3.

Suggested text:

"Channel Binding

A secure mechanism for ensuring that a chosen set of
channel properties (such as endpoint identifiers) are
agreed upon by the EAP peer,  authenticator and
server."

Vidya: note that the "chosen set" may be different
in different situations, depending on what information
is available.

--Jari


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I read Joe's proposed text as an example, and maybe it
could have been changed to be such. First we have
the general rule which is not under dispute, and then
comes an example that, for instance, the AAA protocols
must not be used to transport it.

But I'm also fine with removing the entire sentence.

--Jari


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Re: caching of MSKs by IKEv2. I agree with Bernard that
this seems to go beyond what current RFCs say, and I also
suspect that there are issues that we'd like to understand
before such usage could be allowed. For instance, if my AAA
server gives you an MSK to use for IKEv2 login, letting you
use that key multiple times would create interesting
interactions with concurrent session tracking.

Re: EMSK lifetime spec. I don't see a fundamental problem
in specifying some general characteristics of the entire
key hierarchy in the keying framework doc, even if we
should develop some specific parts of the hierarchy in
some other documents. Personally, the current lifetime
text is appealing mainly because its so simple -- all derived
keys should expire latest when the exported material
expires. This is also good for cache management.

--Jari


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From eap-bounces+eap-archive=lists.ietf.org@frascone.com Mon May 08 11:58:24 2006
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To: "Narayanan, Vidya" <vidyan@qualcomm.com>
Subject: Re: [eap] Issue: AAA-Key Section 1.2
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Narayanan, Vidya wrote:

>    Submitter name: Vidya Narayanan
>    Submitter email address: vidyan@qualcomm.com
>    Date first submitted: 5/01/2006
>    Reference: 
>    Document: Keying Framework
>    Comment type: 'E'ditorial
>    Priority: '2' May fix 
>    Section: 1.2
>    Rationale/Explanation of issue: 
>Given that the term AAA-Key is not used elsewhere in the document, it
>would be good to add a sentence clarifying that the definition is
>provided as a clarification to the terminology used in older documents
>and that it is no longer used.  
>  
>
Fine, but...

>Add to AAA-Key definition: 
>
>"This term is no longer used to refer to the MSK in this document.
>  
>
This text could be understood so that the term refers to something
else instead. I would suggest "This term is no longer used in this
document."

--Jari


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Subject: Re: [eap] Re: Issue 352: Channel Binding Issue
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Yoshihiro Ohba wrote:

>On Tue, May 02, 2006 at 04:23:22PM -0700, Salowey, Joe wrote:
>  
>
>>Hmmm... 
>>
>>Peer gets MSK from EAP and mixes it with Y to get MSKY 
>>Authenticator gets mixed MSKY in exisitng AAA attribute, since this is
>>an exisitng attribute it thinks it is just the MSK and mixes it with Y
>>to get MSKYY.  MSKY and MSKYY don't match.
>>    
>>
>
>There is some misunderstanding.  If the authenticator is supposed to
>further mix Y to get MSKYY from MSKY, then the peer is also supposed
>to further mix Y to get MSKYY from MSKY.
>  
>
Yes, but the question is how do the peer and the AAA server
know that they are doing this? This is a change from the
current procedures, so presumably to make this all work there
needs to be negotiation somewhere that its turned on.

Wearing my AD hat:

Anyway, as I said in another e-mail, I really don't want
the EAP keying framework to pick a channel binding solution.
If it helps, we could drop all discussion of implementation
approaches for channel bindings, and just focus on the
desired behaviour.

--Jari


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Subject: RE: [eap] Re: Issue 352: Channel Binding Issue
Date: Mon, 8 May 2006 09:17:35 -0700
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Thread-Topic: [eap] Re: Issue 352: Channel Binding Issue
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> > [Joe] Obsoleted by what?
>=20
> I'd say by CB with key mixing.
>=20
[Joe] I don't agree. For one there are usages of EAP which do not use
EAP keying material so key mixing will not work for them.=20

> >=20
> > > >=20
> > > > >=20
> > > > > "
> > > > > Using such a protected exchange, it is possible to match=20
> > > the channel
> > > > > properties provided by the authenticator via out-of-band=20
> > > mechanisms
> > > > > against those exchanged within the EAP method.  For=20
> > > example, see the
> > > > > discussion in Section 1.4 as well as=20
> > > [I-D.arkko-eap-service-identity-
> > > > > auth].
> > > > > "
> > > > >=20
> > > > > According to the the AAA server's requirement on=20
> pre-configurating
> > > > > Channel Binding parameters, I don't see the usefulness of
> > > > > [I-D.arkko-eap-service-identity-auth].  Do we really need this
> > > > > paragraph?
> > > > >=20
> > > > [Joe] It still seems useful to me.=20
> > >=20
> > > Can you elaborate on how it is useful?
> > >=20
> > [Joe] It allows the back end to validate parameters=20
> advertised by the
> > authenticator.=20
>=20
> I have a doubt about the usefulness of doing this for Channel Binding
> as it requires the additional over-the-air step of exchanging CB data
> between the peer and the server.  In key mixing approach, this step is
> not needed.
>=20
> Yoshihiro Ohba
>=20
>=20
> >=20
> > > Regards,
> > > Yoshihiro Ohba
> > >=20
> > >=20
> > > >=20
> > > >=20
> > > > >=20
> > > > > "
> > > > > The main difference between these approaches is that=20
> > > Channel Binding
> > > > > support within an EAP method may require upgrading or=20
> changing the
> > > > > EAP method, impacting both the peer and the server.  =20
> > > Where Channel
> > > > > Bindings are implemented in AAA,  the peer,=20
> authenticator and the
> > > > > backend server need to be upgraded, but the EAP=20
> method need not be
> > > > > modified.
> > > > > "
> > > > >=20
> > > > > If we have only one Channel Binding method, we don't need this
> > > > > comparison.
> > > >=20
> > > > [Joe] I don't think this is the place to define one method.
> > > >=20
> > > >=20
> > > > > Best regards,
> > > > > Yoshihiro Ohba
> > > > >=20
> _________________________________________________________________
> > > > > To unsubscribe or modify your subscription options,=20
> please visit:
> > > > > http://lists.frascone.com/mailman/listinfo/eap
> > > > >=20
> > > > > Arhives: http://lists.frascone.com/pipermail/eap
> > > > >=20
> > > >=20
> > > >=20
> > >=20
> >=20
> >=20
>=20
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To: Yoshihiro Ohba <yohba@tari.toshiba.com>
From: Lakshminath Dondeti <ldondeti@qualcomm.com>
Subject: Re: [eap] Re: issue 357: Channel Binding Definition
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Thanks Yoshi.  Still trying to understand, please see inline:

At 04:46 PM 5/5/2006, Yoshihiro Ohba wrote:
>On Fri, May 05, 2006 at 11:01:42AM -0700, Lakshminath Dondeti wrote:
> > With apologies for interjecting in the middle of a discussion that
> > seems to be concluding, I have some basic questions on Channel binding:
> >
> > What are the types of CB information shared between the peer and 
> the server?
>
>Section 5.11 of eap-keying draft mentions Called-Station-Id,
>Calling-Station-Id, NAS-Identifier, NAS-IP-Address and
>NAS-IPv6-Address.  There can be others, but it depends on each lower
>layer.

Agreed that the type of information depends on the lower layer, but 
you seem to list only IDs and addresses above.  So, can it only be 
IDs and addresses?

One of the follow-up questions is whether the peer and the server 
have an identical view of the authenticator.


> >
> > How dissimilar might be the CB information?  In other words, are
> > there different schools of thought on what might be sent, what might
> > the peer and the server know about the authenticator?
>
>It seems there are different opinions about CB data.  Please see
>my comments below to express my opinion.
>
> >
> > How large might be the information?  In some EAP methods, it may be
> > necessary to limit the size of the information.  So, if the peer has
> > only a subset of the information that the server has, then it might
> > make sense for the peer to send the CB info and the server to verify it.
>
>It should not be Kbytes of data.  It should be the same order as the
>link-layer channel binding data which is mixed to generate link-layer
>keys from EAP-generated keying material, or the link-layer forms a key
>hierarchy, then it should the same order as the highest level
>link-layer channel binding data in the hierarchy.  I don't really
>think whole bunch of link-layer channel binding data of the entire
>hierarchy needs to be part of EAP CB data.  This is because even
>link-layer hierarchical channel binding does not use level N channel
>binding data to generate level N-1 key.  Why EAP should use level N
>data for CB?  Having said that I can't think of a situation where the
>peer sees only subnet of EAP CB data advertised by authenticator.

I think we are getting into solutions here, I am looking to scope the 
definition.


>Note that this argument should be generally applicable when CB is
>applied to any key hiearchy including a key hierarchy between
>authenticator and EAP server, if it is formed.  Section 4.3
>(Hierarchical Channel Binding) of draft-ohba-eap-channel-binding-00 is
>described based on this concept.
>
> >
> > Is all authenticated CB info exchanged between peer and server?  Or,
> > does it make sense to do some of it in the method and the rest in L2 etc?
>
>There is no need to exchange authenticated CB info between peer and
>server, this is just redundant.  The peer sees the CB data advertised
>by authenticator and the server pre-configures the same data.  The
>peer and server only mix the data into keying material exported by EAP
>method and the server transports it to the authenticator.  After that,
>the peer and authenticator lower-layer entities verify the possession
>of the mixed key using SAP.

I think this goes back to the question of whether the peer and the 
server see the same information about the Authenticator, or might the 
peer see only a subset of what the server might see?

regards,
Lakshminath


>Regards,
>Yoshihiro Ohba
>
>
> >
> > Thanks in advance for any clarification.
> >
> > regards,
> > Lakshminath
> >
> >
> > At 09:40 AM 5/5/2006, Narayanan, Vidya wrote:
> >
> > >>
> > >> >I think not all pieces of information associated with the
> > >> authenticator
> > >> >have to be part of EAP Channel Binding data.  I mean some
> > >> information
> > >> >such as identifier of each enforcement point can be bound locally
> > >> >betweeen peer and authenticator, using lower layer chanel binding
> > >> >provided by SAP, as long as basic information such as authenticator
> > >> >identity is validated using EAP Channel Binding and the valid
> > >> >authenticator is advertising that locally bound information.
> > >> >
> > >
> > >
> > >I am confused by the above - are you saying that the channel binding
> > >data, for instance, may just be the authenticator ID (NAS ID as seen by
> > >the server) and that any information on EPs associated with the
> > >authenticator may be exchanged via the lower layer? How does the peer
> > >trust that information then? At least in 802.11 networks, security of
> > >management frames may take care of this, but I don't see this applying
> > >to all kinds of technologies.
> > >
> > >
> > >> >On the other hand I think the entire EAP Channel Binding
> > >> data needs to
> > >> >be available to the peer when keying material is exported by an EAP
> > >> >method.  Otherwise, key scope becomes ambiguous at the time
> > >> of creating
> > >> >the keying material, which could open up some vulnerability in key
> > >> >management.
> > >>
> > >> Right.  Maybe we could make this clearer in the document.
> > >>
> > >
> > >I somewhat agree with the above - I am not disputing that the server
> > >would have to send all channel binding data associated with a given MSK
> > >at the time of export of the MSK. If this is a blob sent from the server
> > >to the peer in a method, there is no issue. Only when you are assuming
> > >the presence of that entire blob at the peer without exchanging that in
> > >the method and arriving at a mixed key or something, this becomes a
> > >problem, because the peer may not have a complete view.
> > >
> > >Vidya
> > >_________________________________________________________________
> > >To unsubscribe or modify your subscription options, please visit:
> > >http://lists.frascone.com/mailman/listinfo/eap
> > >
> > >Arhives: http://lists.frascone.com/pipermail/eap
> >
> >

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Date: Mon, 08 May 2006 12:35:26 -0400
From: Yoshihiro Ohba <yohba@tari.toshiba.com>
Subject: Re: [eap] Re: Issue 352: Channel Binding Issue
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On Mon, May 08, 2006 at 09:17:35AM -0700, Salowey, Joe wrote:
> > > [Joe] Obsoleted by what?
> > 
> > I'd say by CB with key mixing.
> > 
> [Joe] I don't agree. For one there are usages of EAP which do not use
> EAP keying material so key mixing will not work for them. 
> 

Can you elaborate on the usages you mentioned above?

Yoshihiro Ohba
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At 06:59 AM 5/8/2006, Jari Arkko wrote:
>Re: caching of MSKs by IKEv2. I agree with Bernard that
>this seems to go beyond what current RFCs say, and I also
>suspect that there are issues that we'd like to understand
>before such usage could be allowed. For instance, if my AAA
>server gives you an MSK to use for IKEv2 login, letting you
>use that key multiple times would create interesting
>interactions with concurrent session tracking.

Sure, but I'd argue that this may be a case of 'perfect' being the 
enemy of the 'good.'  Absent potentially strong keymat that might 
come from say an EAP exchange, PSK provisioning procedures 
(proprietary) might be all over the place, some result in strong keys 
and others not so strong keys!  I do understand that this issue might 
be out of scope for this draft and so might be addressed elsewhere.


>Re: EMSK lifetime spec. I don't see a fundamental problem
>in specifying some general characteristics of the entire
>key hierarchy in the keying framework doc, even if we
>should develop some specific parts of the hierarchy in
>some other documents. Personally, the current lifetime
>text is appealing mainly because its so simple -- all derived
>keys should expire latest when the exported material
>expires. This is also good for cache management.

That's true unless derived keys are passed to other entities.  If the 
exported keymat expires due to another EAP authentication, the server 
would have to contact all of those entities that received the derived 
keys and force key deletion.  It may be feasible in some cases and 
not in others.  It is also counter-intuitive if the keys are not 
compromised, and the EAP authentication was run due to policy changes 
that do not affect the derived key usage.

But, I can see how that can quickly get complex, but that kind of 
complexity seems to go hand-in-hand with EMSK usage.

regards,
Lakshminath


>--Jari

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This looks good to me.

>Suggested text:
>
>"Channel Binding
>
>A secure mechanism for ensuring that a chosen set of
>channel properties (such as endpoint identifiers) are
>agreed upon by the EAP peer,  authenticator and
>server."


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>Anyway, as I said in another e-mail, I really don't want
>the EAP keying framework to pick a channel binding solution.
>If it helps, we could drop all discussion of implementation
>approaches for channel bindings, and just focus on the
>desired behaviour.

We definitely should focus on describing the security problem (not sure 
we've done a good job with this yet), and the behavior.   The proposals 
could be referenced, but I don't think we can pick a solution at this time, 
if only because we don't have implementations in the field yet as far as I 
know.


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From: Lakshminath Dondeti <ldondeti@qualcomm.com>
Subject: Re: [eap] Re: issue 357: Channel Binding Definition
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At 07:18 AM 5/8/2006, Jari Arkko wrote:
>Re: do all the three parties have to be involved in
>the binding? I believe that is essential for the
>definition to say this.
>
>Re: the data that is subject to channel binding. I think it is
>clear that not all data known by the parties needs to be
>bound. Traditionally, we've only talked about security
>or billing related information, such as the NAS identity
>and type and cost of service. A large number of other
>parameters may be known by some of the parties, but
>not relevant from a verification perspective.
>
>Re: do all the parties share the same data? I tend to
>agree with Vidya here that its sufficient to for the
>verifier to check that the data it gets is correct. But
>this issue is also related to policies of what the parties
>want to be verified. If the server wants to verify FOO
>but the client does not send it, we're not helping. This
>leads me to think that the channel bindings, if we ever
>get them deployed, are going to have use a well
>standardized set of parameters or else we have a policy
>management problem in our hands. But see below for
>a process comment.
>
>Process comment: Lets try to focus on the definition
>of channel bindings rather than their implementation
>in this discussion. EAP keying framework does not
>define how to implement them, or whether to pick
>solution 1, 2, or 3.
>
>Suggested text:
>
>"Channel Binding
>
>A secure mechanism for ensuring that a chosen set of
>channel properties (such as endpoint identifiers) are
>agreed upon by the EAP peer,  authenticator and
>server."

This is confusing to me.  I was under the assumption that the peer 
and the server should agree that they have the same view of the 
authenticator (perhaps with the provision that the server may have a 
superset of the information than the peer has).  What does the 
authenticator need to agree on?  Does it matter?

regards,
Lakshminath


>Vidya: note that the "chosen set" may be different
>in different situations, depending on what information
>is available.
>
>--Jari
>
>
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Lakshminath Dondeti wrote:

> Sure, but I'd argue that this may be a case of 'perfect' being the
> enemy of the 'good.'  Absent potentially strong keymat that might come
> from say an EAP exchange, PSK provisioning procedures (proprietary)
> might be all over the place, some result in strong keys and others not
> so strong keys!  I do understand that this issue might be out of scope
> for this draft and so might be addressed elsewhere.

Well, we do have the PSK provisioning process for the
IKEv2 if you assume there's an EAP credential that can
be used. Namely, EAP authentication in IKEv2 :-)

Of course, it has been in some cases argued that its
too slow and needs to be optimized. I'd be interested
in looking at data that says such optimizations are
needed -- given things like child SA creation,
MOBIKE or the "K" bit in Mobile IPv6, there's typically
no reason why the IKEv2 run needs to be rerun often.
In this area it would be useful to study whether
existing mechanisms are sufficient before we
create new ones.

Or are you thinking of semi-permanent PSK
provisioning? This may indeed need work. But
we should be able to do this in a different spec.

>> Re: EMSK lifetime spec. I don't see a fundamental problem
>> in specifying some general characteristics of the entire
>> key hierarchy in the keying framework doc, even if we
>> should develop some specific parts of the hierarchy in
>> some other documents. Personally, the current lifetime
>> text is appealing mainly because its so simple -- all derived
>> keys should expire latest when the exported material
>> expires. This is also good for cache management.
>
>
> That's true unless derived keys are passed to other entities.  If the
> exported keymat expires due to another EAP authentication, the server
> would have to contact all of those entities that received the derived
> keys and force key deletion.  It may be feasible in some cases and not
> in others.  It is also counter-intuitive if the keys are not
> compromised, and the EAP authentication was run due to policy changes
> that do not affect the derived key usage.

I agree, but I was thinking that the keymat expiration is
dependent on its lifetime, communicated/assumed when
its exported or transported. If expiration covers also re-
authentication then we may indeed have an issue.

--Jari

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=20

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Yoshihiro Ohba [mailto:yohba@tari.toshiba.com]=20
> Sent: Monday, May 08, 2006 9:35 AM
> To: Salowey, Joe
> Cc: Yoshihiro Ohba; Bernard Aboba; eap@frascone.com
> Subject: Re: [eap] Re: Issue 352: Channel Binding Issue
>=20
> On Mon, May 08, 2006 at 09:17:35AM -0700, Salowey, Joe wrote:
> > > > [Joe] Obsoleted by what?
> > >=20
> > > I'd say by CB with key mixing.
> > >=20
> > [Joe] I don't agree. For one there are usages of EAP which=20
> do not use
> > EAP keying material so key mixing will not work for them.=20
> >=20
>=20
> Can you elaborate on the usages you mentioned above?
>=20
[Joe] 802.1x

> Yoshihiro Ohba
>=20
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Hi Jari,

>=20
> Re: do all the three parties have to be involved in the=20
> binding? I believe that is essential for the definition to say this.
>=20

Agreed.=20

> Re: the data that is subject to channel binding. I think it=20
> is clear that not all data known by the parties needs to be=20
> bound. Traditionally, we've only talked about security or=20
> billing related information, such as the NAS identity and=20
> type and cost of service. A large number of other parameters=20
> may be known by some of the parties, but not relevant from a=20
> verification perspective.
>=20

True. Actually, there does seem to be a line of thinking where perhaps
channel binding capabilities can even be tied to the peer verifying
advertised capabilities of the authenticator with the AAA server. Of
course, it can be argued that it has nothing really to do with channel
binding (and I'd agree) - but, goes to prove again that this is an
opaque blob that may not be fully available at the peer.=20

> Re: do all the parties share the same data? I tend to agree=20
> with Vidya here that its sufficient to for the verifier to=20
> check that the data it gets is correct. But this issue is=20
> also related to policies of what the parties want to be=20
> verified. If the server wants to verify FOO but the client=20
> does not send it, we're not helping. This leads me to think=20
> that the channel bindings, if we ever get them deployed, are=20
> going to have use a well standardized set of parameters or=20
> else we have a policy management problem in our hands. But=20
> see below for a process comment.
>=20
> Process comment: Lets try to focus on the definition of=20
> channel bindings rather than their implementation in this=20
> discussion. EAP keying framework does not define how to=20
> implement them, or whether to pick solution 1, 2, or 3.
>=20

Fully agree with this. Let's define it for the EAP keying document and
continue to discuss solutions later for a separate document.=20

> Suggested text:
>=20
> "Channel Binding
>=20
> A secure mechanism for ensuring that a chosen set of channel=20
> properties (such as endpoint identifiers) are agreed upon by=20
> the EAP peer,  authenticator and server."
>=20
> Vidya: note that the "chosen set" may be different in=20
> different situations, depending on what information is available.
>=20

Agree with the chosen set part. But, what is the authenticator agreeing
to? Isn't it just an agreement about the authenticator between the peer
and server?=20

Vidya

> --Jari
>=20
>=20
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Subject: RE: [eap] Re: issue 361: child key expiry
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From: "Narayanan, Vidya" <vidyan@qualcomm.com>
To: "Jari Arkko" <jari.arkko@piuha.net>
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>=20
> Re: caching of MSKs by IKEv2. I agree with Bernard that this=20
> seems to go beyond what current RFCs say, and I also suspect=20
> that there are issues that we'd like to understand before=20
> such usage could be allowed. For instance, if my AAA server=20
> gives you an MSK to use for IKEv2 login, letting you use that=20
> key multiple times would create interesting interactions with=20
> concurrent session tracking.
>=20
> Re: EMSK lifetime spec. I don't see a fundamental problem in=20
> specifying some general characteristics of the entire key=20
> hierarchy in the keying framework doc, even if we should=20
> develop some specific parts of the hierarchy in some other=20
> documents. Personally, the current lifetime text is appealing=20
> mainly because its so simple -- all derived keys should=20
> expire latest when the exported material expires. This is=20
> also good for cache management.
>=20

I'm not convinced that all keys derived from the EMSK must expire when
the EMSK expires - some of the keys  may be exported to other entities
which may manage lifetimes differently, depending on the use of the key.
I agree that we need to explore that further to ensure we don't have any
problems - which is why I'm in favor of not specifying any EMSK child
key characteristics in this document. Given that we don't get into EMSK
usage at all in other respects in this spec, why is lifetime an
exception? I think that text is better left for other documents to
specify - especially given that we will have an EMSK usage
specification.=20

Regards,
Vidya
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Date: Mon, 08 May 2006 15:05:35 -0400
From: Yoshihiro Ohba <yohba@tari.toshiba.com>
Subject: Re: [eap] Re: Issue 352: Channel Binding Issue
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On Mon, May 08, 2006 at 10:42:44AM -0700, Salowey, Joe wrote:
>  
> 
> > -----Original Message-----
> > From: Yoshihiro Ohba [mailto:yohba@tari.toshiba.com] 
> > Sent: Monday, May 08, 2006 9:35 AM
> > To: Salowey, Joe
> > Cc: Yoshihiro Ohba; Bernard Aboba; eap@frascone.com
> > Subject: Re: [eap] Re: Issue 352: Channel Binding Issue
> > 
> > On Mon, May 08, 2006 at 09:17:35AM -0700, Salowey, Joe wrote:
> > > > > [Joe] Obsoleted by what?
> > > > 
> > > > I'd say by CB with key mixing.
> > > > 
> > > [Joe] I don't agree. For one there are usages of EAP which 
> > do not use
> > > EAP keying material so key mixing will not work for them. 
> > > 
> > 
> > Can you elaborate on the usages you mentioned above?
> > 
> [Joe] 802.1x

If EAP keying material is not used for secure association at all, I
don't think CB is possible because an attacker authenticator can
simply spoof legitimate authenticator's parameters.  This can happen
in the case of wired 802.1X as well.  Am I wrong?

Yoshihiro Ohba
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Date: Mon, 08 May 2006 15:42:43 -0400
From: Yoshihiro Ohba <yohba@tari.toshiba.com>
Subject: Re: [eap] Re: issue 357: Channel Binding Definition
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On Mon, May 08, 2006 at 09:25:44AM -0700, Lakshminath Dondeti wrote:
> Thanks Yoshi.  Still trying to understand, please see inline:
> 
> At 04:46 PM 5/5/2006, Yoshihiro Ohba wrote:
> >On Fri, May 05, 2006 at 11:01:42AM -0700, Lakshminath Dondeti wrote:
> >> With apologies for interjecting in the middle of a discussion that
> >> seems to be concluding, I have some basic questions on Channel binding:
> >>
> >> What are the types of CB information shared between the peer and 
> >the server?
> >
> >Section 5.11 of eap-keying draft mentions Called-Station-Id,
> >Calling-Station-Id, NAS-Identifier, NAS-IP-Address and
> >NAS-IPv6-Address.  There can be others, but it depends on each lower
> >layer.
> 
> Agreed that the type of information depends on the lower layer, but 
> you seem to list only IDs and addresses above.  So, can it only be 
> IDs and addresses?

Please see Jari's email in this thread on this.

> 
> One of the follow-up questions is whether the peer and the server 
> have an identical view of the authenticator.

The peer and the server needs to have an identical view of the CB
data.

> 
> 
> >>
> >> How dissimilar might be the CB information?  In other words, are
> >> there different schools of thought on what might be sent, what might
> >> the peer and the server know about the authenticator?
> >
> >It seems there are different opinions about CB data.  Please see
> >my comments below to express my opinion.
> >
> >>
> >> How large might be the information?  In some EAP methods, it may be
> >> necessary to limit the size of the information.  So, if the peer has
> >> only a subset of the information that the server has, then it might
> >> make sense for the peer to send the CB info and the server to verify it.
> >
> >It should not be Kbytes of data.  It should be the same order as the
> >link-layer channel binding data which is mixed to generate link-layer
> >keys from EAP-generated keying material, or the link-layer forms a key
> >hierarchy, then it should the same order as the highest level
> >link-layer channel binding data in the hierarchy.  I don't really
> >think whole bunch of link-layer channel binding data of the entire
> >hierarchy needs to be part of EAP CB data.  This is because even
> >link-layer hierarchical channel binding does not use level N channel
> >binding data to generate level N-1 key.  Why EAP should use level N
> >data for CB?  Having said that I can't think of a situation where the
> >peer sees only subnet of EAP CB data advertised by authenticator.
> 
> I think we are getting into solutions here, I am looking to scope the 
> definition.

You may be right that this is getting into a solution space a bit, but
this kind of guidance might help lower-layer SDOs to define their CB
data.  On the other hand, if we only say that CB data contains
security and charging related information, that would be general and
less solution specific, it might not help much to answer to your
question.

> 
> 
> >Note that this argument should be generally applicable when CB is
> >applied to any key hiearchy including a key hierarchy between
> >authenticator and EAP server, if it is formed.  Section 4.3
> >(Hierarchical Channel Binding) of draft-ohba-eap-channel-binding-00 is
> >described based on this concept.
> >
> >>
> >> Is all authenticated CB info exchanged between peer and server?  Or,
> >> does it make sense to do some of it in the method and the rest in L2 etc?
> >
> >There is no need to exchange authenticated CB info between peer and
> >server, this is just redundant.  The peer sees the CB data advertised
> >by authenticator and the server pre-configures the same data.  The
> >peer and server only mix the data into keying material exported by EAP
> >method and the server transports it to the authenticator.  After that,
> >the peer and authenticator lower-layer entities verify the possession
> >of the mixed key using SAP.
> 
> I think this goes back to the question of whether the peer and the 
> server see the same information about the Authenticator, or might the 
> peer see only a subset of what the server might see?

I don't think the peer and server need to have the same view about the
entire information about authenticator, but they need to have the same
view about CB data the advertised by authenticator when creating
keying material due to key scoping issue.

Yoshihiro Ohba


> 
> regards,
> Lakshminath
> 
> 
> >Regards,
> >Yoshihiro Ohba
> >
> >
> >>
> >> Thanks in advance for any clarification.
> >>
> >> regards,
> >> Lakshminath
> >>
> >>
> >> At 09:40 AM 5/5/2006, Narayanan, Vidya wrote:
> >>
> >> >>
> >> >> >I think not all pieces of information associated with the
> >> >> authenticator
> >> >> >have to be part of EAP Channel Binding data.  I mean some
> >> >> information
> >> >> >such as identifier of each enforcement point can be bound locally
> >> >> >betweeen peer and authenticator, using lower layer chanel binding
> >> >> >provided by SAP, as long as basic information such as authenticator
> >> >> >identity is validated using EAP Channel Binding and the valid
> >> >> >authenticator is advertising that locally bound information.
> >> >> >
> >> >
> >> >
> >> >I am confused by the above - are you saying that the channel binding
> >> >data, for instance, may just be the authenticator ID (NAS ID as seen by
> >> >the server) and that any information on EPs associated with the
> >> >authenticator may be exchanged via the lower layer? How does the peer
> >> >trust that information then? At least in 802.11 networks, security of
> >> >management frames may take care of this, but I don't see this applying
> >> >to all kinds of technologies.
> >> >
> >> >
> >> >> >On the other hand I think the entire EAP Channel Binding
> >> >> data needs to
> >> >> >be available to the peer when keying material is exported by an EAP
> >> >> >method.  Otherwise, key scope becomes ambiguous at the time
> >> >> of creating
> >> >> >the keying material, which could open up some vulnerability in key
> >> >> >management.
> >> >>
> >> >> Right.  Maybe we could make this clearer in the document.
> >> >>
> >> >
> >> >I somewhat agree with the above - I am not disputing that the server
> >> >would have to send all channel binding data associated with a given MSK
> >> >at the time of export of the MSK. If this is a blob sent from the server
> >> >to the peer in a method, there is no issue. Only when you are assuming
> >> >the presence of that entire blob at the peer without exchanging that in
> >> >the method and arriving at a mixed key or something, this becomes a
> >> >problem, because the peer may not have a complete view.
> >> >
> >> >Vidya
> >> >_________________________________________________________________
> >> >To unsubscribe or modify your subscription options, please visit:
> >> >http://lists.frascone.com/mailman/listinfo/eap
> >> >
> >> >Arhives: http://lists.frascone.com/pipermail/eap
> >>
> >>
> 
> 
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From: Yoshihiro Ohba <yohba@tari.toshiba.com>
Subject: Re: [eap] Re: Issue 352: Channel Binding Issue
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On Mon, May 08, 2006 at 05:25:51PM +0300, Jari Arkko wrote:
> Yoshihiro Ohba wrote:
> 
> >On Tue, May 02, 2006 at 04:23:22PM -0700, Salowey, Joe wrote:
> >  
> >
> >>Hmmm... 
> >>
> >>Peer gets MSK from EAP and mixes it with Y to get MSKY 
> >>Authenticator gets mixed MSKY in exisitng AAA attribute, since this is
> >>an exisitng attribute it thinks it is just the MSK and mixes it with Y
> >>to get MSKYY.  MSKY and MSKYY don't match.
> >>    
> >>
> >
> >There is some misunderstanding.  If the authenticator is supposed to
> >further mix Y to get MSKYY from MSKY, then the peer is also supposed
> >to further mix Y to get MSKYY from MSKY.
> >  
> >
> Yes, but the question is how do the peer and the AAA server
> know that they are doing this? This is a change from the
> current procedures, so presumably to make this all work there
> needs to be negotiation somewhere that its turned on.

Yes, and this is described in the first bullet of Section 7 "EAP
Method Requirements" of draft-ohba-eap-channel-binding-00.txt.

Yoshihiro Ohba
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Joe Salowey said:

"For one there are usages of EAP which do not use EAP keying material so key 
mixing will not work for them."

Right.   Are there places in the document that exhibit confusion on this 
point?


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>Suggested text:
>
>"Channel Binding
>
>A secure mechanism for ensuring that a chosen set of
>channel properties (such as endpoint identifiers) are
>agreed upon by the EAP peer,  authenticator and
>server."

I'm ok with this.  Any objections?


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Subject: Re: [eap] Re: issue 357: Channel Binding Definition
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I agree.  

Note that agreement just by EAP peer and server would not be
sufficient.  Authenticator's agreement by running SAP for proof of
possession of a key that is generated by the peer and server and
somehow bound to the chosen set of properties would be required.
Otherwise, it seems possible for an attacker to sit between the peer
and legitimate authenticator and do something wrong by spoofing some
of the properties of the legitimate authenticator.

Yoshihiro Ohba



On Mon, May 08, 2006 at 06:39:05PM -0700, Bernard Aboba wrote:
> >Suggested text:
> >
> >"Channel Binding
> >
> >A secure mechanism for ensuring that a chosen set of
> >channel properties (such as endpoint identifiers) are
> >agreed upon by the EAP peer,  authenticator and
> >server."
> 
> I'm ok with this.  Any objections?
> 
> 
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Subject: RE: [eap] Re: Issue 352: Channel Binding Issue
Date: Mon, 8 May 2006 22:09:34 -0700
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=20

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Yoshihiro Ohba [mailto:yohba@tari.toshiba.com]=20
> Sent: Monday, May 08, 2006 12:06 PM
> To: Salowey, Joe
> Cc: Yoshihiro Ohba; Bernard Aboba; eap@frascone.com
> Subject: Re: [eap] Re: Issue 352: Channel Binding Issue
>=20
> On Mon, May 08, 2006 at 10:42:44AM -0700, Salowey, Joe wrote:
> > =20
> >=20
> > > -----Original Message-----
> > > From: Yoshihiro Ohba [mailto:yohba@tari.toshiba.com]=20
> > > Sent: Monday, May 08, 2006 9:35 AM
> > > To: Salowey, Joe
> > > Cc: Yoshihiro Ohba; Bernard Aboba; eap@frascone.com
> > > Subject: Re: [eap] Re: Issue 352: Channel Binding Issue
> > >=20
> > > On Mon, May 08, 2006 at 09:17:35AM -0700, Salowey, Joe wrote:
> > > > > > [Joe] Obsoleted by what?
> > > > >=20
> > > > > I'd say by CB with key mixing.
> > > > >=20
> > > > [Joe] I don't agree. For one there are usages of EAP which=20
> > > do not use
> > > > EAP keying material so key mixing will not work for them.=20
> > > >=20
> > >=20
> > > Can you elaborate on the usages you mentioned above?
> > >=20
> > [Joe] 802.1x
>=20
> If EAP keying material is not used for secure association at all, I
> don't think CB is possible because an attacker authenticator can
> simply spoof legitimate authenticator's parameters.  This can happen
> in the case of wired 802.1X as well.  Am I wrong?
>=20
[Joe] The same argument applies to peer entity authentication without
ongoing data authentication.  However this is still deployed and appears
to be somewhat useful.  I don't think this is the place to discuss the
merits of 802.1x. =20


> Yoshihiro Ohba
>=20
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Subject: RE: [eap] Re: issue 367: Key Scope and EAP Server Authorization
Date: Mon, 8 May 2006 22:46:00 -0700
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=20

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Bernard Aboba [mailto:bernard_aboba@hotmail.com]=20
> Sent: Saturday, May 06, 2006 7:42 PM
> To: eap@frascone.com
> Subject: [eap] Re: issue 367: Key Scope and EAP Server Authorization
>=20
> I think I see the point, which is that a given authenticator may be=20
> connected to
> more than one EAP server, and that all authenticators in a single=20
> administrative
> domain may not share the same EAP server. Also, EAP servers cannot=20
> necessarily
> be assumed to share key state among each other. If the=20
> selcted EAP method=20
> does not
> provide the Server-ID, then the peer cannot know the scope of=20
> the keys it
> derives with the EAP server.
>=20
[Joe] I'm not sure that a formal server-ID is required or sufficient.  =
The peer has a set of credentials that it uses to establish trust in a =
server.  It needs to know what the limits of that trust is.  If the peer =
wants to resume some state with an particular server then server-ID is =
very useful, but I think that is a slightly different problem.=20


> This can create a number of issues, such as a peer attempting=20
> (but failing)=20
> a
> fast reconnect because the server that the authenticator is=20
> configured to
> communicate with is not the same one with which the peer=20
> established the
> previous session.
>=20

[Joe] Or one EAP server/Authenticator can attempt to spoof another.=20

> However, there are other situations in which the server=20
> identity is not=20
> material,
> such as handoff in an 11r Mobility Domain (MD), where the STA=20
> only care=20
> whether
> a candidate AP is in the same MD, not whether the new=20
> authenticator is=20
> configured
> to talk to the same backend authentication server as the=20
> current or initial=20
> AP.
>=20
[Joe] I'm not familiar with this scenario, is this based on a context =
transfer from one AP to another?  So in this case you are putting your =
trust in one AP to only exchange data with another valid AP?


> In practice, the peer determines whether an authenticator is=20
> within the=20
> scope
> of authorization of the backend authentication server by=20
> attempting to=20
> complete
> the SAP exchange with it. If the exchange succeeds, the=20
> authenticator is
> authorized; if not, it isn't.=20

[Joe] Implicit in this statement is that the peer pefromed some =
authorization of the authentication server.=20

> It is possible for the peer to attempt a
> fast reconnect exchange with the wrong server; unless the=20
> server were to
> include its identity in the EAP-Request there is no way for=20
> the peer to
> determine what server it is talking to before the EAP method=20
> conversation
> gets underway. Even if the authenticator were to advertise=20
> the server(s)
> that it is configured to talk to, and even if those servers=20
> were identified
> by their Server-IDs, it would not be possible for the peer to=20
> know a-priori
> which server it was going to talk to, since the primary=20
> server can change=20
> due
> to changes in network or server availability.
>=20
[Joe] Sounds true

> Given this, I'm not sure how the peer can verify that an=20
> authenticator is
> allowed to be authorized by an EAP server.
>=20
[Joe] This seems to me to be a rather serious system problem, since all =
we know is the EAP server and our trust in the authenticator is based on =
authorization from the EAP server.  If we can't verify this then I'm not =
sure why we are worried about channel bindings.  If you don't now the =
scope of the EAP server that is establishing trust then you don't know =
whether the parameters are valid or not. =20


> The proposed resolution is as follows:
>=20
> Change Section 2.2 to the following:
>=20
> "2.2 Peer, Authenticator and Server Architecture
>=20
> This specification does not impose constraints on the=20
> architecture of the
> EAP authenticator, peer or server. Any of the authenticator=20
> architectures=20
> described
> in [RFC4118] can be used. As a result, lower layers
> need to identify EAP peers and authenticators unambiguously, without
> incorporating implicit assumptions about
> peer and authenticator architectures.
>=20
> For example, it is possible for multiple base stations
> and a "controller" (e.g. WLAN switch) to comprise a single EAP=20
> authenticator.
> In such a situation, the "base station identity" is=20
> irrelevant to the EAP
> method conversation, except perhaps as an opaque blob to be used in
> Channel Bindings. Many base stations can share the same authenticator=20
> identity.
> It should be understood that an EAP authenticator or peer:
>=20
> [a] may contain one or more physical or logical ports;
> [b] may advertise itself as one or more "virtual"
> authenticators, peers or servers;
> [c] may utilize multiple CPUs;
> [d] may support clustering services for load balancing or failover.
>=20
> Both the EAP peer and authenticator may have more than one=20
> physical or=20
> logical
> port. A peer may simultaneously access the network via multiple
> authenticators, or via multiple physical or logical ports on a given=20
> authenticator.
> Similarly, an authenticator may offer network access to=20
> multiple peers,
> each via a separate physical or logical port.
> When a single physical
> authenticator advertises itself as multiple
> "virtual authenticators", it is possible for a single physical port
> to belong to multiple "virtual authenticators".
>=20
> An authenticator may be configured to communicate with more than one
> backend authentication server, each of which is configured to
> communicate with a subset of the authenticators.
> The situation is illustrated in Figure 3.
>                             +-+-+-+-+
>                             | EAP   |
>                             | Peer  |
>                             +-+-+-+-+
>                               | | |  Peer Ports
>                              /  |  \\
>                             /   |   \\
>                            /    |    \\
>                           /     |     \\
>                          /      |      \\
>                         /       |       \\
>                        /        |        \\
>        =A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0/         |        =
 \\
>                    | | |      | | |      | | | Authenticator Ports
>                  +-+-+-+-+  +-+-+-+-+  +-+-+-+-+
>                  |       |  |       |  |       |
>                  | Auth1 |  | Auth2 |  | Auth3 |
>     =A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0|       |  |       |  |     =
  |
>                  +-+-+-+-+  +-+-+-+-+  +-+-+-+-+
>                       \\        | \          |
>                        \\       |  \         |
>                         \\      |   \        |
>           EAP over AAA   \\     |    \       |
>             (optional)    \\    |     \      |
>                            \\   |      \     |
>                             \\  |       \    |
>                              \\ |        \   |
>                           +-+-+-+-+-+  +-+-+-+-+-+  Backend
>                           |  EAP    |  |  EAP    |  Authentication
>                           | Server1 |  | Server2 |  Servers
>                           +-+-+-+-+-+  +-+-+-+-+-+
>=20
> Figure 3: Relationship between EAP peer, authenticator and server"
>=20
> Add a new section 2.2.1 entitled "Server Identification":
>=20
> "2.2.1 Server Identification
>=20
> The EAP method conversation is between the EAP peer and server, as
> identified by the Peer-Id and Server-Id.  As shown in Figure 3, an=20
> authenticator
> may be configured to communicate with multiple EAP servers;=20
> the server that=20
> a peer communicates
> with may vary according to network and server availability. =20
> For example, in=20
> Figure 3,
> Authenticator2 may be initially configured with EAP
> server1 as its primary backend authentication server, and EAP server2
> as the backup, but if EAP server1 becomes unavailable, EAP server2
> may become the primary server.
>=20
> As a result, prior to initiation of the EAP conversation, the=20
> peer may not=20
> be able to predict which
> EAP server it will be communicating with.  Fast reconnect, defined in=20
> [RFC3748] Section 7.2, may fail if the EAP server that the=20
> peer communicates=20
> with is not the same one with which
> it initially established a security association. The peer may=20
> not be able to=20
> determine
> the Server-Id prior to the start of the EAP method=20
> conversation, since the
> Server-Id is not included in the EAP-Request/Identity, and may not be
> advertised by the authenticator during the discovery phase."
>=20
> --------------------------------------------------------------
> -------------------
> Issue 367: Key Scope and EAP Server Authorization
> Submitter name: Joe Salowey
> Submitter email address: jsalowey@cisco.com
> Date Submitted: May 3, 2006
> Reference: http://lists.frascone.com/pipermail/eap/msg04231.html
> Document: KEYING-12
> Comment type: 'T'echnical
> Priority: '1' Should fix
> Section: 2.2.1 and 3.2
> Rationale/Explanation of issue:
> Section 1.4.1 correctly defines the scope of the EAP keying=20
> material as
> being defined by the EAP Peer and EAP server, however this=20
> relationship
> is not carried out in other key scope discussions as far as I=20
> can tell.
> In order for channel binding, key mixing etc. to work the=20
> peer must make
> sure that the key is used not just within the authorized parameters of
> the lower layer, but of the authorized scope of the EAP=20
> server as well.
>=20
> I'm not sure of all of all the places where this needs to be=20
> addressed,
> but I think it needs to be addressed in section 2.2.1 perhaps=20
> by adding
>=20
> "[g] Verifying that the advertised scope is within the scope that the
> EAP server is allowed to authorize"
>=20
> Section 3.2 should probably state somewhere that:
>=20
> "The peer should verify that the key scope advertised by the
> authenticator is within the scope that is allowed to be authorized by
> the EAP Server."
>=20
>=20
> _________________________________________________________________
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>=20
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>=20
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I am trying to simulate roaming in WLANs, and I am looking for some =
information about 802.11r protocol.
Please if anyone who has such information (draft or other doucments) and =
can send it too me do so, because I am really in need of it.=20

Thanks for your help in advance.

Hassan  
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information (draft or=20
other doucments) and can send it too me do so, because I am really in =
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	Bernard Aboba <bernard_aboba@hotmail.com>
From: Lakshminath Dondeti <ldondeti@qualcomm.com>
Subject: Re: [eap] Re: issue 357: Channel Binding Definition
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At 08:39 PM 5/8/2006, Yoshihiro Ohba wrote:
>I agree.
>
>Note that agreement just by EAP peer and server would not be
>sufficient.  Authenticator's agreement by running SAP for proof of
>possession of a key that is generated by the peer and server and
>somehow bound to the chosen set of properties would be required.
>Otherwise, it seems possible for an attacker to sit between the peer
>and legitimate authenticator and do something wrong by spoofing some
>of the properties of the legitimate authenticator.

How?  The attacker won't have the key (MSK) to do something like 
that.  Perhaps you might explain the attack in detail. Thanks.

regards,
Lakshminath


>Yoshihiro Ohba
>
>
>
>On Mon, May 08, 2006 at 06:39:05PM -0700, Bernard Aboba wrote:
> > >Suggested text:
> > >
> > >"Channel Binding
> > >
> > >A secure mechanism for ensuring that a chosen set of
> > >channel properties (such as endpoint identifiers) are
> > >agreed upon by the EAP peer,  authenticator and
> > >server."
> >
> > I'm ok with this.  Any objections?
> >
> >
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From: Lakshminath Dondeti <ldondeti@qualcomm.com>
Subject: Re: [eap] Re: issue 357: Channel Binding Definition
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At 06:39 PM 5/8/2006, Bernard Aboba wrote:
>>Suggested text:
>>
>>"Channel Binding
>>
>>A secure mechanism for ensuring that a chosen set of
>>channel properties (such as endpoint identifiers) are
>>agreed upon by the EAP peer,  authenticator and
>>server."
>
>I'm ok with this.  Any objections?

I am not sure about the authenticator involvement, have asked Jari 
that question and awaiting response.  It's about the EAP server and 
peer agreeing about the authenticator's identity and perhaps other 
things about the authenticator, no?

regards,
Lakshminath



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Hi Vidya, Laksminath,

Vidya you wrote:

>>Suggested text:
>>
>>"Channel Binding
>>
>>A secure mechanism for ensuring that a chosen set of channel 
>>properties (such as endpoint identifiers) are agreed upon by 
>>the EAP peer,  authenticator and server."
>>
>>Vidya: note that the "chosen set" may be different in 
>>different situations, depending on what information is available.
>>
>>    
>>
>
>Agree with the chosen set part. But, what is the authenticator agreeing
>to? Isn't it just an agreement about the authenticator between the peer
>and server? 
>  
>
And you Laksminath wrote:

> This is confusing to me.  I was under the assumption that the peer and
> the server should agree that they have the same view of the
> authenticator (perhaps with the provision that the server may have a
> superset of the information than the peer has).  What does the
> authenticator need to agree on?  Does it matter? 

Good questions. I'd be happy to restrict the definition
to peer and server agreeing that they have the same
view of the channel properties claimed by the authenticator.

(But part of the distinction may also be in the specific
implementation of the "agreement"; what we are looking
for is that the values agree, without specifying who sends
the values and who verifies them.)

--Jari

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On Tue, May 09, 2006 at 12:58:21AM -0700, Lakshminath Dondeti wrote:
> At 08:39 PM 5/8/2006, Yoshihiro Ohba wrote:
> >I agree.
> >
> >Note that agreement just by EAP peer and server would not be
> >sufficient.  Authenticator's agreement by running SAP for proof of
> >possession of a key that is generated by the peer and server and
> >somehow bound to the chosen set of properties would be required.
> >Otherwise, it seems possible for an attacker to sit between the peer
> >and legitimate authenticator and do something wrong by spoofing some
> >of the properties of the legitimate authenticator.
> 
> How?  The attacker won't have the key (MSK) to do something like 
> that.  Perhaps you might explain the attack in detail. Thanks.

In case there is no SAP between the peer and authenticator (e.g.,
wired 802.1X), the attacker does not need to have the key.  In that
case, agreement just by EAP peer and server is useless.  What I'd like
to mention is that Channel Binding makes sense only if keying meterial
exported by an EAP method is used by SAP.

Yoshihiro Ohba


> 
> regards,
> Lakshminath
> 
> 
> >Yoshihiro Ohba
> >
> >
> >
> >On Mon, May 08, 2006 at 06:39:05PM -0700, Bernard Aboba wrote:
> >> >Suggested text:
> >> >
> >> >"Channel Binding
> >> >
> >> >A secure mechanism for ensuring that a chosen set of
> >> >channel properties (such as endpoint identifiers) are
> >> >agreed upon by the EAP peer,  authenticator and
> >> >server."
> >>
> >> I'm ok with this.  Any objections?
> >>
> >>
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From: Yoshihiro Ohba <yohba@tari.toshiba.com>
Subject: Re: [eap] Re: Issue 352: Channel Binding Issue
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On Mon, May 08, 2006 at 10:09:34PM -0700, Salowey, Joe wrote:
> > 
> > If EAP keying material is not used for secure association at all, I
> > don't think CB is possible because an attacker authenticator can
> > simply spoof legitimate authenticator's parameters.  This can happen
> > in the case of wired 802.1X as well.  Am I wrong?
> > 
> [Joe] The same argument applies to peer entity authentication without
> ongoing data authentication.  However this is still deployed and appears
> to be somewhat useful.  I don't think this is the place to discuss the
> merits of 802.1x.  

Perhaps you miss my point.  I did not discuss the merit of 802.1X.  My
point is that having a Channel Binding solution for lower layers that
do not use cryptographic per-packet acess control does not really make 
sense to me.

Yoshihiro Ohba

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From: Yoshihiro Ohba <yohba@tari.toshiba.com>
Subject: Re: [eap] Re: issue 357: Channel Binding Definition
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On Tue, May 09, 2006 at 01:46:56PM +0300, Jari Arkko wrote:
> And you Laksminath wrote:
> 
> > This is confusing to me.  I was under the assumption that the peer and
> > the server should agree that they have the same view of the
> > authenticator (perhaps with the provision that the server may have a
> > superset of the information than the peer has).  What does the
> > authenticator need to agree on?  Does it matter? 
> 
> Good questions. I'd be happy to restrict the definition
> to peer and server agreeing that they have the same
> view of the channel properties claimed by the authenticator.

If the definition is only for agreement between the peer and server,
then it means we are allowing Channel Binding without running a SAP.
I think involvement of the authenticator's agreement via SAP is
needed.  I mean the authenticator needs to agree that, the
authenticator, not someone else, has sent the information to the peer.

Yoshihiro Ohba

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Subject: RE: [eap] Re: Issue 352: Channel Binding Issue
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Thread-Topic: [eap] Re: Issue 352: Channel Binding Issue
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=20

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Yoshihiro Ohba [mailto:yohba@tari.toshiba.com]=20
> Sent: Tuesday, May 09, 2006 5:55 AM
> To: Salowey, Joe
> Cc: Yoshihiro Ohba; Bernard Aboba; eap@frascone.com
> Subject: Re: [eap] Re: Issue 352: Channel Binding Issue
>=20
> On Mon, May 08, 2006 at 10:09:34PM -0700, Salowey, Joe wrote:
> > >=20
> > > If EAP keying material is not used for secure association=20
> at all, I
> > > don't think CB is possible because an attacker authenticator can
> > > simply spoof legitimate authenticator's parameters.  This=20
> can happen
> > > in the case of wired 802.1X as well.  Am I wrong?
> > >=20
> > [Joe] The same argument applies to peer entity=20
> authentication without
> > ongoing data authentication.  However this is still=20
> deployed and appears
> > to be somewhat useful.  I don't think this is the place to=20
> discuss the
> > merits of 802.1x. =20
>=20
> Perhaps you miss my point.  I did not discuss the merit of 802.1X.  My
> point is that having a Channel Binding solution for lower layers that
> do not use cryptographic per-packet acess control does not=20
> really make=20
> sense to me.
>=20
[Joe] Perhaps, my point is that channel bindings are a useful as
authentication with regard to the lack of per-packet cryptographic
protection. =20

> Yoshihiro Ohba
>=20
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Subject: RE: [eap] Re: issue 367: Key Scope and EAP Server Authorization
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>[Joe] I'm not sure that a formal server-ID is required or sufficient.  The 
>peer has a set of credentials that it uses to establish trust in a server.  
>It needs to know what the limits of that trust is.  If the peer wants to 
>resume some state with an particular server then server-ID is very useful, 
>but I think that is a slightly different problem.

[Bernard] The NAI allows the peer to request authentication within a given 
realm.  The assumption is that any EAP server in that realm will have access 
to the credentials necessary to authenticate the peer.  However, the peer 
cannot necessarily assume that the EAP servers share a cache of 
method-specific keying material.   This is where things get tricky.

>[Joe] Or one EAP server/Authenticator can attempt to spoof another.

If the EAP method doesn't support authentication of the server claim of 
identity, then even if the method supports mutual authentication, the peer 
is only verifying that the EAP server has access to the credentials, it is 
not authenticating the server itself.  For example, in EAP-TLS, TTLS, PEAP, 
etc. the server identity can be validated by the peer;  in EAP-SIM and 
EAP-AKA it cannot be.  One question this brings up is whether a method that 
doesn't support server certificates can validate the server identity.


>[Joe] I'm not familiar with this scenario, is this based on a context 
>transfer from one AP to another?  So in this case you are putting your 
>trust in one AP to only exchange data with another valid AP?

11r allows the authenticators derive cryptographically independent keys 
(PMK-R1s) from the MSK.  So it is not context transfer, which would mean 
that all authenticators use the same key to derive TSKs.  In 11r the trust 
model is between a new authenticator and the "initiall" authenticator. 
Compromise of the "initial" authenticator leads to compromise of all peer 
sessions that originated at that authenticator.  However, it does not 
necessarily compromise sessions which did not originate at the compromised 
authenticator, due to the crytographic separation built into the key 
hierarchy.

>[Joe] Implicit in this statement is that the peer pefromed some 
>authorization of the authentication server.

The peer can only do that if it authenticates the server, right?  For 
example, in EAP-TLS or PEAP the peer can perform authorization of the EAP 
server.

> > Given this, I'm not sure how the peer can verify that an
> > authenticator is allowed to be authorized by an EAP server.
> >
>[Joe] This seems to me to be a rather serious system problem, since all we 
>know is the EAP server and our trust in the authenticator is based on 
>authorization from the EAP server.  If we can't verify this then I'm not 
>sure why we are worried about channel bindings.  If you don't now the scope 
>of the EAP server that is establishing trust then you don't know whether 
>the parameters are valid or not.

I think that the peer has to trust that the backend authenticator server 
will not send a key to an unauthorized authenticator.  This implies that 
either the backend authentication server either checks that the Request 
attributes make sense (NAS-Identifier, Called-Station-Id, etc.) or that the 
local proxy does it if one is present.

You are correct that if the EAP server does not check the authorization of 
the authenticator, then Channel Bindings provide little value;  the 
authenticator can provide the same mis-information to the peer and backend 
server, and it will be believed.


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From: Lakshminath Dondeti <ldondeti@qualcomm.com>
Subject: Re: [eap] Re: issue 357: Channel Binding Definition
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At 07:02 AM 5/9/2006, Yoshihiro Ohba wrote:
>On Tue, May 09, 2006 at 01:46:56PM +0300, Jari Arkko wrote:
> > And you Laksminath wrote:
> >
> > > This is confusing to me.  I was under the assumption that the peer and
> > > the server should agree that they have the same view of the
> > > authenticator (perhaps with the provision that the server may have a
> > > superset of the information than the peer has).  What does the
> > > authenticator need to agree on?  Does it matter?
> >
> > Good questions. I'd be happy to restrict the definition
> > to peer and server agreeing that they have the same
> > view of the channel properties claimed by the authenticator.
>
>If the definition is only for agreement between the peer and server,
>then it means we are allowing Channel Binding without running a SAP.
>I think involvement of the authenticator's agreement via SAP is
>needed.  I mean the authenticator needs to agree that, the
>authenticator, not someone else, has sent the information to the peer.

Hmmm, let's see. The peer and the server agree, let's say through the 
EAP method, that they are talking to the same authenticator and the 
server sends the MSK (or for that matter, as Joe seems to imply, port 
open indication) to *that* authenticator.  So, I don't see why the 
authenticator needs any more verification.

Now without the SAP there are other problems, but they don't seem 
relevant to CB.  Perhaps I am missing something (you seem like you've 
explored this area quite a bit, please explain.  Thanks).

regards,
Lakshminath


>Yoshihiro Ohba

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From: Yoshihiro Ohba <yohba@tari.toshiba.com>
Subject: Re: [eap] Re: Issue 352: Channel Binding Issue
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On Tue, May 09, 2006 at 08:06:01AM -0700, Salowey, Joe wrote:
>  
> 
> > -----Original Message-----
> > From: Yoshihiro Ohba [mailto:yohba@tari.toshiba.com] 
> > Sent: Tuesday, May 09, 2006 5:55 AM
> > To: Salowey, Joe
> > Cc: Yoshihiro Ohba; Bernard Aboba; eap@frascone.com
> > Subject: Re: [eap] Re: Issue 352: Channel Binding Issue
> > 
> > On Mon, May 08, 2006 at 10:09:34PM -0700, Salowey, Joe wrote:
> > > > 
> > > > If EAP keying material is not used for secure association 
> > at all, I
> > > > don't think CB is possible because an attacker authenticator can
> > > > simply spoof legitimate authenticator's parameters.  This 
> > can happen
> > > > in the case of wired 802.1X as well.  Am I wrong?
> > > > 
> > > [Joe] The same argument applies to peer entity 
> > authentication without
> > > ongoing data authentication.  However this is still 
> > deployed and appears
> > > to be somewhat useful.  I don't think this is the place to 
> > discuss the
> > > merits of 802.1x.  
> > 
> > Perhaps you miss my point.  I did not discuss the merit of 802.1X.  My
> > point is that having a Channel Binding solution for lower layers that
> > do not use cryptographic per-packet acess control does not 
> > really make 
> > sense to me.
> > 
> [Joe] Perhaps, my point is that channel bindings are a useful as
> authentication with regard to the lack of per-packet cryptographic
> protection.  

I see your point.  However, even in that case some sort of SAP with
the use of keying material exported by EAP method would be needed to
verify the Channel Binding data between the peer and authenticator.
Note that PANA can do this verification based on integrity protected
PBR/PBA exchange.  Anyways, I think agreement just between the peer
and server is not sufficient for Channel Binding, as I mentioned in
other thread.

Yoshihiro Ohba
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Subject: RE: [eap] Re: Issue 362: Lower layer parameters and EMSK text
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>=20
> Move the following text from Section 2 to Section 1.4:
>=20
> "The EMSK MUST NOT be provided to an entity outside the EAP=20
> server or peer, nor is it permitted to pass any quantity to=20
> an entity outside the EAP server or peer from which the EMSK=20
> could be computed without breaking some cryptographic=20
> assumption, such as inverting a one-way function. As noted in=20
> [RFC3748] Section 7.10:
>=20
>    The EMSK is reserved for future use and MUST remain on the EAP
>    peer and EAP server where it is derived; it MUST NOT be
>    transported to, or shared with, additional parties, or used to
>    derive any other keys."
>=20

Are we sticking to this rule that the EMSK MUST NOT be used to derive
any other keys? Given that there is agreement in general about potential
derivation of keys from the EMSK, what implications does this text have
to future documents specifying derived keys from the EMSK?=20

> Change the last four paragraphs of Section 2 to the following:
>=20
> " In order to preserve the security of keys derived within=20
> EAP methods, lower layers MUST NOT export keys passed down by=20
> EAP methods. This implies that EAP keying material passed=20
> down to a lower layer is for the exclusive use of that lower=20
> layer and MUST NOT be used within another lower layer. This=20
> prevents compromise of one lower layer from compromising=20
> other applications using EAP keying parameters.
>=20
> EAP keying material provided to a lower layer MUST NOT be=20
> transported to another entity. For example, EAP keying=20
> material passed down to the EAP peer lower layer MUST NOT=20
> leave the peer; EAP keying material passed down or=20
> transported to the EAP authenticator lower layer MUST NOT=20
> leave the authenticator.
>=20
> On the EAP server, keying material and parameters requested=20
> by and passed down to the AAA layer may be replicated to the=20
> AAA layer on the authenticator.=20

I understand what the above is trying to say - however, this does
conflict with the fact that the EMSK MUST NOT be transported to the
authenticator (even though it may be passed down to the AAA layer on the
server). I wonder if some clarification is necessary to avoid confusion.


> On the authenticator, the AAA=20
> layer provides the replicated keying material and parameters=20
> to the lower layer over which the EAP authentication=20
> conversation took place. This enables "mode independence" to=20
> be maintained.
>=20
> The EAP layer as well as the peer and authenticator layers=20
> MUST NOT modify or cache keying material or parameters=20
> (including Channel
> Bindings) passing in either direction between the EAP method=20
> layer and the lower layer or AAA layer."
>=20


The above works for the MSK, but may not work for the EMSK - as we flush
out the usage for EMSK, we may find that caching may need to be allowed.
So, a MUST NOT seems too strong - MUST NOT modify makes sense; whereas,
SHOULD NOT cache keying material may be more appropriate.=20

Regards,
Vidya


> --------------------------------------------------------------
> -----------------------
> Issue 362:  Lower layer parameters and EMSK text Submitter=20
> name: Joe Salowey Submitter email address: jsalowey@cisco.com=20
> Date Submitted: May 2, 2006
> Reference: http://lists.frascone.com/pipermail/eap/msg04247.html
> Document: KEYING-12
> Comment type: 'E'ditorial
> Priority: '1' Should fix
> Section: 2
> Rationale/Explanation of issue:
>=20
> 1. Passing of parameters to lower layer.  It seems that there=20
> may be some parameters passed to lower layers that could be=20
> usable elsewhere.
> For example the Session-ID might be usable.  If the=20
> session-id is included in parameters then I think the =20
> following may be to
> restrictive:
>=20
> "This
>    implies that EAP keying material or parameters passed down=20
> to a lower
>    layer are for the exclusive use of that lower layer and MUST NOT be
>    used within another lower layer"
>=20
> Suggested change:
>=20
> "This implies that EAP keying material passed down to a lower=20
> layer are for the exclusive use of that lower layer and MUST=20
> NOT be used within another lower layer."
>=20
> If this change is accepted there are several other places in=20
> the section where this should be changed.
>=20
> 2. EMSK text
>=20
> The First paragraph still mentions exporting the EMSK to the=20
> lower layer which seems to be problematic when considered=20
> with the rest of the text of this section.  I don't think the=20
> EMSK should be discussed in the lower layer section.
>=20
> My suggestion would be to remove references to the EMSK in=20
> this section and move the paragraph discussing the EMSK to=20
> Section 1.4 EAP Key hierarchy.
>=20
>=20
> _________________________________________________________________
> To unsubscribe or modify your subscription options, please visit:
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>=20
> Arhives: http://lists.frascone.com/pipermail/eap
>=20
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From: Yoshihiro Ohba <yohba@tari.toshiba.com>
Subject: Re: [eap] Re: issue 357: Channel Binding Definition
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On Tue, May 09, 2006 at 09:30:52AM -0700, Lakshminath Dondeti wrote:
> At 07:02 AM 5/9/2006, Yoshihiro Ohba wrote:
> >On Tue, May 09, 2006 at 01:46:56PM +0300, Jari Arkko wrote:
> >> And you Laksminath wrote:
> >>
> >> > This is confusing to me.  I was under the assumption that the peer and
> >> > the server should agree that they have the same view of the
> >> > authenticator (perhaps with the provision that the server may have a
> >> > superset of the information than the peer has).  What does the
> >> > authenticator need to agree on?  Does it matter?
> >>
> >> Good questions. I'd be happy to restrict the definition
> >> to peer and server agreeing that they have the same
> >> view of the channel properties claimed by the authenticator.
> >
> >If the definition is only for agreement between the peer and server,
> >then it means we are allowing Channel Binding without running a SAP.
> >I think involvement of the authenticator's agreement via SAP is
> >needed.  I mean the authenticator needs to agree that, the
> >authenticator, not someone else, has sent the information to the peer.
> 
> Hmmm, let's see. The peer and the server agree, let's say through the 
> EAP method, that they are talking to the same authenticator and the 
> server sends the MSK (or for that matter, as Joe seems to imply, port 
> open indication) to *that* authenticator.  So, I don't see why the 
> authenticator needs any more verification.

The problem here is that the authenticator that advertised the 
information may not be the one that receives the MSK.

> 
> Now without the SAP there are other problems, but they don't seem 
> relevant to CB.  Perhaps I am missing something (you seem like you've 
> explored this area quite a bit, please explain.  Thanks).

Please see an example below.

[Peer]---[AA]---[LA]---[Server]
  |               |    |
  |    EAP method |    |
  |<------------------>|
  |               |MSK |
  |               |<---|

An attacker authenticator (AA) is acting as an authenticator for the
peer and and as a peer for the legitimate authenticator (LA), passing
through EAP messages between the peer and LA.  Both AA and LA
advertise the same LA's information XYZ.  The peer learns XYZ from AA.
The server have the XYZ for LA.  Server sends MSK to LA after creating
binding between XYZ and MSK by some means (i.e., key mixing or data
transfer).

If we stop here, the peer will think that AA has the MSK, which is not
true.  This looks like an open binding which might open up some
vulnerability to MiTM attack.  An additional verification, SAP, is
needed to close the binding by verifying proof of possession of the
MSK between the peer and authenticator.

Regards,
Yoshihiro Ohba

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To: Yoshihiro Ohba <yohba@tari.toshiba.com>
From: Lakshminath Dondeti <ldondeti@qualcomm.com>
Subject: Re: [eap] Re: issue 357: Channel Binding Definition
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At 12:00 PM 5/9/2006, Yoshihiro Ohba wrote:
>On Tue, May 09, 2006 at 09:30:52AM -0700, Lakshminath Dondeti wrote:
> > At 07:02 AM 5/9/2006, Yoshihiro Ohba wrote:
> > >On Tue, May 09, 2006 at 01:46:56PM +0300, Jari Arkko wrote:
> > >> And you Laksminath wrote:
> > >>
> > >> > This is confusing to me.  I was under the assumption that the peer and
> > >> > the server should agree that they have the same view of the
> > >> > authenticator (perhaps with the provision that the server may have a
> > >> > superset of the information than the peer has).  What does the
> > >> > authenticator need to agree on?  Does it matter?
> > >>
> > >> Good questions. I'd be happy to restrict the definition
> > >> to peer and server agreeing that they have the same
> > >> view of the channel properties claimed by the authenticator.
> > >
> > >If the definition is only for agreement between the peer and server,
> > >then it means we are allowing Channel Binding without running a SAP.
> > >I think involvement of the authenticator's agreement via SAP is
> > >needed.  I mean the authenticator needs to agree that, the
> > >authenticator, not someone else, has sent the information to the peer.
> >
> > Hmmm, let's see. The peer and the server agree, let's say through the
> > EAP method, that they are talking to the same authenticator and the
> > server sends the MSK (or for that matter, as Joe seems to imply, port
> > open indication) to *that* authenticator.  So, I don't see why the
> > authenticator needs any more verification.
>
>The problem here is that the authenticator that advertised the
>information may not be the one that receives the MSK.
>
> >
> > Now without the SAP there are other problems, but they don't seem
> > relevant to CB.  Perhaps I am missing something (you seem like you've
> > explored this area quite a bit, please explain.  Thanks).
>
>Please see an example below.
>
>[Peer]---[AA]---[LA]---[Server]
>   |               |    |
>   |    EAP method |    |
>   |<------------------>|
>   |               |MSK |
>   |               |<---|
>
>An attacker authenticator (AA) is acting as an authenticator for the
>peer and and as a peer for the legitimate authenticator (LA), passing
>through EAP messages between the peer and LA.  Both AA and LA
>advertise the same LA's information XYZ.  The peer learns XYZ from AA.
>The server have the XYZ for LA.  Server sends MSK to LA after creating
>binding between XYZ and MSK by some means (i.e., key mixing or data
>transfer).
>
>If we stop here, the peer will think that AA has the MSK, which is not
>true.  This looks like an open binding which might open up some
>vulnerability to MiTM attack.  An additional verification, SAP, is
>needed to close the binding by verifying proof of possession of the
>MSK between the peer and authenticator.

Yoshi,

You've just made a case for key generating EAP methods and the need 
for a SAP.  There is no dispute there.  But, my earlier point about 
without SAP, there are other problems is still true, no?  CB is not 
the only issue there.

Lakshminath


>Regards,
>Yoshihiro Ohba

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Date: Tue, 09 May 2006 17:14:35 -0400
From: Yoshihiro Ohba <yohba@tari.toshiba.com>
Subject: Re: [eap] Re: issue 357: Channel Binding Definition
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Lakshminath,

On Tue, May 09, 2006 at 01:39:28PM -0700, Lakshminath Dondeti wrote:
> >>
> >> Now without the SAP there are other problems, but they don't seem
> >> relevant to CB.  Perhaps I am missing something (you seem like you've
> >> explored this area quite a bit, please explain.  Thanks).
> >
> >Please see an example below.
> >
> >[Peer]---[AA]---[LA]---[Server]
> >  |               |    |
> >  |    EAP method |    |
> >  |<------------------>|
> >  |               |MSK |
> >  |               |<---|
> >
> >An attacker authenticator (AA) is acting as an authenticator for the
> >peer and and as a peer for the legitimate authenticator (LA), passing
> >through EAP messages between the peer and LA.  Both AA and LA
> >advertise the same LA's information XYZ.  The peer learns XYZ from AA.
> >The server have the XYZ for LA.  Server sends MSK to LA after creating
> >binding between XYZ and MSK by some means (i.e., key mixing or data
> >transfer).
> >
> >If we stop here, the peer will think that AA has the MSK, which is not
> >true.  This looks like an open binding which might open up some
> >vulnerability to MiTM attack.  An additional verification, SAP, is
> >needed to close the binding by verifying proof of possession of the
> >MSK between the peer and authenticator.
> 
> Yoshi,
> 
> You've just made a case for key generating EAP methods and the need 
> for a SAP.  There is no dispute there.  But, my earlier point about 
> without SAP, there are other problems is still true, no?  CB is not 
> the only issue there.

I agree that CB is not the only issue here, but CB is *an* issue.  The
SAP for CB does not necessarily generate a TSK.  In this case, the
role of the SAP is just to close the binding.  However, if you do CB
but don't generate TSK and use it for per-packet ciphering, then you
will surely have other issues.

Yoshihiro Ohba

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Subject: RE: [eap] Re: Issue 362: Lower layer parameters and EMSK text
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From: "Nakhjiri Madjid-MNAKHJI1" <Madjid.Nakhjiri@motorola.com>
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-----Original Message-----
From: Bernard Aboba [mailto:bernard_aboba@hotmail.com]=20
Sent: Monday, May 08, 2006 9:33 AM
To: eap@frascone.com
Subject: [eap] Re: Issue 362: Lower layer parameters and EMSK text

Move the following text from Section 2 to Section 1.4:

"The EMSK MUST NOT be provided to an entity outside the EAP server or
peer, nor is it permitted to pass any quantity to an entity outside
the EAP server or peer from which the EMSK could be computed without
breaking some cryptographic assumption, such as inverting a one-way
function. As noted in [RFC3748] Section 7.10:

   The EMSK is reserved for future use and MUST remain on the EAP
   peer and EAP server where it is derived; it MUST NOT be
   transported to, or shared with, additional parties, or used to
   derive any other keys."


Madjid>>Why do we prohibit use of EMSK in deriving other keys? I was
under the assumption that it was the intention to leave to specification
of EAP keying fwk extensions, such as derivation of AMSK to future
activities. The current text prohibits any such derivation. Is this the
intent?

"prohibiting" something is different from saying "it will be defined
later".

Why can't we replace the last phrase with:

"The Use of EMSK in deriving any other keys will be part of future
specifications"?

Thanks,

Madjid
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Subject: RE: [eap] Re: Issue 352: Channel Binding Issue
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I don't recall any, I will check the document to make sure this is
clear. =20

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Bernard Aboba [mailto:bernard_aboba@hotmail.com]=20
> Sent: Monday, May 08, 2006 1:12 PM
> To: Salowey, Joe
> Cc: eap@frascone.com
> Subject: RE: [eap] Re: Issue 352: Channel Binding Issue
>=20
> Joe Salowey said:
>=20
> "For one there are usages of EAP which do not use EAP keying=20
> material so key=20
> mixing will not work for them."
>=20
> Right.   Are there places in the document that exhibit=20
> confusion on this=20
> point?
>=20
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The 1 minute post Approval Form 


http://www.s9al.net/was.asp


Best Wishes, 


Aimee Fulton






From pbnci608689@academicplanet.com Thu May 11 08:51:59 2006
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Date: Thu, 11 May 2006 20:21:49 +0800
From: "mfeuin" <pbnci608689@academicplanet.com>
To: <eap-archive@ietf.org>
Subject: specs for this week [D E T A I L S]  Valparaiso fanned alkane
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CTXE - CANTEX ENERGY CORP 

A new Pick 
This company has tremendous potential, Keep and eye on it and act fast

CURRENT_PRICE: $ 0.48 ( a steal at this price )
Short term Forcast : $ 1.20

Before we start with the profile of CTXE we would like to mention 
something very important: There is a Big PR Campaign starting this weeek 
 And it will go all week so it would be best to get in NOW.

Company Profile

Cantex Energy Corporation is an independent, managed risk, oil and gas 
exploration, development, and production company headquartered in San 
Antonio, Texas. 

Recent News

Word From the president : "We encourage our valued shareholders to be 
patient as we approach the commencement date of this very unique 
opportunity in one of the last under-explored, world-class potential gas 
plays with no geopolitical risks."

Cantex Energy Corp. Receiving Interest From the Industry as It Enters 
Next Phase of Development

Cantex Energy Corp. (CTXE - News) is pleased to report the following on 
its Big Canyon Prospect in West Texas. Recent company announcements 
related to the acquisition of over 48,000 acres of a world-class 
prospect has captured the attention of many oil & gas industry experts 
and corporations, who have recently inquired into various participation 
opportunities ranging from sharing science technology to support 
findings or expertise to drill, operate and manage wells.

Trace Maurin, President of Cantex, commented, "Although we are a small 
independent oil & gas company, we have a very unique 0pp0rtunity in one 
of the last under-explored world-class potential gas plays with no 
geopolitical risks and the industry is starting to take notice. As we 
prepare to prove up the various structures within our prospect later 
this month, we are increasing our efforts to communicate on our progress 
to our shareholders and investors. Our intention is to provide investors 
with a better understanding of the full potential of this prospect as we 
embark on the next phase of operations."

Starting immediately the company will undertake CEO interviews, radio 
spots (which will be recorded and published on the company website), 
publication placements, introductions to small cap institutional 
investors and funds all in an effort to optimize market awareness and 
keep our shareholder well informed.

It is the perfect time to take this opportunity






From hassanblank2@yahoo.com Thu May 11 09:52:20 2006
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Date: Thu, 11 May 2006 06:52:16 -0700 (PDT)
From: hassan mohammed <hassanblank2@yahoo.com>
Reply-To: m_hassanblank@babbalu.com
Subject: PLEASE, URGENT RESPONSE NEEDED
To: eap-archive@ietf.org
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I have a new email address!You can now email me at: hassanblank2@yahoo.com

Dear Friend,


 As you read this, I don't want you to feel sorry for me, because, I believe everyone will die someday. My name is Hassan Mohammed, a merchant in Dubai, in the U.A.E.I have been diagnosed with Esophageal Cancer this was discovered very late, due to my laxity in caring for my health. It has defiled all forms of medicine, and right now I have only about a few months to live, according to medical experts.


 I have not particularly lived my life so well, as I never really cared for anyone not even myself but my business. Though I am very rich, I was never generous, I was always hostile to people and only focus on my business as that was the only thing I cared for. But now I regret all this, as I now know that there is more to life than just wanting to have or make all the money in the world. I believe when God gives me a second chance to come to this world I would live my life a different way from how I have lived it. Now that God! has called me, I have willed and given most of my properties and assets to my immediate and extended family members and as well as a few close friends.


 I want God to be merciful to me and accept my soul and so, I have decided to give arms to charity organizations and give succor and comfort to the less privileged in our societies, as I want this to be one of the last good did I do on earth. So far, I have distributed money to some charity organizations in the U.A.E, Algeria and Malaysia. Now that my health has deteriorated so badly, I cannot do this my self anymore. I once asked members of my family to close one of my accounts and distribute the money, which I have there to charity organization and to the less privileged in Bulgaria and Pakistan, they refused and kept the money to themselves. Hence, I do not trust them anymore, as they seem not to be contended with what I have left for them. 


The last of my money, which no one knows of, is the huge cash deposit of eighteen million dollars ($18m) that I have with a Security Company in Europe for safekeeping. I will want you to help me collect this deposit and disburse it to some charity organizations and to the less privileged. Please send me a mail to indicate if you will assist me in this disbursement.


 I have set aside 20% for you for your time and patience. You can e-mail me at my private e-mail address: for easy communication


Email; m_hassanblank@yahoo.com

            OR

       m_hassanblank@babbalu.com

 While I wait to hear from you, may God be with you and your entire family. 


Remain blessed,


 Hassan Mohammed.



- hassan mohammed


--0-1344884912-1147355536=:26738
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<div style="border: solid 1px #cccccc; width:448px; background-color:white; margin:10px 0px;";><table border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 width="448"><tr><td class=tablot background="http://us.i1.yimg.com/us.yimg.com/i/us/pim/gr/gr_announce_1.gif" valign=center height=57><big style="padding:10px;">I have a new email address!</big></td></tr></table><div style="padding:10px;">You can now email me at: <b>hassanblank2@yahoo.com</b><br><br><span style="color:green;">Dear Friend,<br><br><br> As you read this, I don't want you to feel sorry for me, because, I believe everyone will die someday. My name is Hassan Mohammed, a merchant in Dubai, in the U.A.E.I have been diagnosed with Esophageal Cancer this was discovered very late, due to my laxity in caring for my health. It has defiled all forms of medicine, and right now I have only about a few months to live, according to medical experts.<br><br><br> I have not particularly lived my life so well, as I never really cared for anyone not even myself but my business. Though I am very rich, I was never generous, I was always hostile to people and only focus on my business as that was the only thing I cared for. But now I regret all this, as I now know that there is more to life than just wanting to have or make all the money in the world. I believe when God gives me a second chance to come to this world I would live my life a different way from how I have lived it. Now that God! has called me, I have willed and given most of my properties and assets to my immediate and extended family members and as well as a few close friends.<br><br><br> I want God to be merciful to me and accept my soul and so, I have decided to give arms to charity organizations and give succor and comfort to the less privileged in our societies, as I want this to be one of the last good did I do on earth. So far, I have distributed money to some charity organizations in the U.A.E, Algeria and Malaysia. Now that my health has deteriorated so badly, I cannot do this my self anymore. I once asked members of my family to close one of my accounts and distribute the money, which I have there to charity organization and to the less privileged in Bulgaria and Pakistan, they refused and kept the money to themselves. Hence, I do not trust them anymore, as they seem not to be contended with what I have left for them. <br><br><br>The last of my money, which no one knows of, is the huge cash deposit of eighteen million dollars ($18m) that I have with a Security Company in Europe for safekeeping. I will want you to help me collect this deposit and disburse it to some charity organizations and to the less privileged. Please send me a mail to indicate if you will assist me in this disbursement.<br><br><br> I have set aside 20% for you for your time and patience. You can e-mail me at my private e-mail address: for easy communication<br><br><br>Email; m_hassanblank@yahoo.com<br><br>            OR<br><br>       m_hassanblank@babbalu.com<br><br> While I wait to hear from you, may God be with you and your entire family. <br><br><br>Remain blessed,<br><br><br> Hassan Mohammed.<br><br></span><br><br>- <span style="color:green;">hassan mohammed</span></div></div>
--0-1344884912-1147355536=:26738--



From macarioyswords@vvvvv.org Thu May 11 18:12:52 2006
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Reply-To: "Macario Swords" <macarioyswords@vvvvv.org>
From: "Macario Swords" <macarioyswords@vvvvv.org>
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Subject: Re: your VALtUaM
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Hi
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since new tidings had come to hand, and matters were changed.=20
That will be Dain! said Thorin when he heard. They will have got=20
wind of his coming. I thought that would alter their mood! Bid them come
few in number and weaponless, and I will hear, he called to the=20
messenger. About midday the banners of the Forest and the Lake were seen
to be borne forth again. A company of twenty was approaching. At the=20


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From lehre@mv-deggingen.de Thu May 11 18:40:04 2006
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Reply-To: "Quintin Lehrman" <lehre@mv-deggingen.de>
From: "Quintin Lehrman" <lehre@mv-deggingen.de>
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D
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black and dark lay boulders stark<BR>
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From: "Katelin Krawczyk" <katelinokrawczyk@evoice.com>
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more quesstion to guess, yes, yess, said Gollum. But Bilbo<BR>
simply could not think of any question with that nasty wet cold =
thing<BR>
sitting next to him, and pawing and poking him. He scratched himself, =
he<BR>
pinched himself; still he could not think of =
anything.<BR></FONT></DIV></BODY></HTML>
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[1] Jari's original proposal:

"
Channel Binding

A secure mechanism for ensuring that a chosen set of channel
properties (such as endpoint identifiers) are agreed upon by the EAP
peer, authenticator and server.
"

I believe this is the right definition.  If the agreement is just
between the EAP peer and server, because the two-party agreement does
not assure the identity of the authenticator.


[2] Case study: Kerberos

Let me do some case study on an existing three-party key management
protocol, Kerberos.

In Kerberos, a client asks a Ticket Granting Server (TGS) for a ticket
needed for communicating with an application server.  The ticket
generated by the TGS consists of the identity of the client and a
session key, all encrypted in the application server's key.  The TGS
returns the ticket and a copy of the session key to the client, all
encrypted in the client's key.  However, this exchange does not by
itself provide any assurance of the identity of the client.  Assurance
of the identity of the client is made by another exchange between the
client and application server based on verifying the ticket.

The TGS agrees on the client's identity by issuing the ticket.  The
client and application server agree on the client's identity by
verifying the ticket issued by the TGS.  The three-party agreement on
the client identity is made securely based on cryptographic proof of
possession of the session key between the client and application
server, where the ticket has the binding between the session key and
client's identity.

[3] Going back to Channel Binding issue

One may see the roles of the TGS, client and application server in
Kerberos are similar to those of the EAP server, authenticator and
peer.  

In the analysis below, for simplicity but without losing generality,
it is assumed that authenticator's identity is used as the channel
property.

In key mixing approach, the EAP server agrees on the authenticator's
identity by key mixing.  The authenticator and peer agree on the
authenticator's identity by running SAP using the mixed key.  The
three-party agreement on the authenticator's identity is made securely
based on cryptographic proof of possession of the mixed key between
the peer and authenticator, where the mixed key itself has the binding
with authenticator's identity.

In data transferring approach, the EAP server and peer agree on the
authenticator's identity by exchanging the authenticator's identity
over a protected EAP method and checking the exchanged data.  The
authenticator and peer agree on the authenticator's identity by
running SAP using the MSK.  The three-party agreement on the
authenticator's identity is made based on cryptographic proof of
possession of the MSK between the peer and authenticator, however, it
is not sure whether the three-party agreement is *securely* made
because there is no cryptographic proof of what the first check has
ever been performed.

draft-arkko-eap-service-identity-auth-04.txt captures this fact:

"
   The overall result of both approaches is the same, but there are
   subtle security differences: One difference is that in the EAP
   approach we need to trust the endpoints to actually perform the
   check, whereas the key-based check is implicit and "non-skippable" in
   the latter approach; if the parameters mismatch the keys simply do
   not work.
"

I don't think this difference is subtle because Channel Binding is a
key management issue.  Or we might need to think about what "secure
agreement" means.


Best regards,
Yoshihiro Ohba
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Subject: Re: [eap] Channel Binding analysis
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* On the CB definition: I like something along the lines of

"   The main idea of channel bindings is to be able to verify information
    from two sources, such as comparing what the EAP authenticator has
    told the peer and the server.  Different designs could implement this
    check at different nodes: at the peer, the server, or both."

from draft-arkko-eap-service-identity-auth-04.txt.

* On the comparison with Kerberos, I am not sure I want to venture 
there.  Kerberos is a "true" 3-party exchange. EAP itself is a 
2-party protocol.

* On CB verification vs. binding CB to key derivation, I have the 
same thoughts as Jari and Pasi have (I think others have too), and 
that is we should rely on verification and not key binding.

Whereas key binding may *seem* like an obvious way to make sure 
verification is not skipped or something like that, a closer look at 
any security protocol tells us that we rely on end-points verifying 
something all the time.  Sure there are subtle differences in one 
verification over another, but nevertheless, verification is 
ok.  Furthermore, there is an important practical consideration.  As 
Jari and Pasi list in Section 4.2 of 
draft-arkko-eap-service-identity-auth-04.txt, there may be a long 
list of CB parameters, and not just IDs.  Furthermore, it is 
plausible that the authenticator does indeed report different things 
to the server and the peer.  All we care about verifying is that 
whether the information advertised to the peer is "consistent" (a 
loose word; perhaps "subset of" is better) with the information known 
to the server.  More specifically, some information may be more 
important than the other, based on administrative definitions even.

As long as we are discussing this, let's explore an example.  I was 
told (thanks to Vidya, Joe and others) that the goal is to ensure 
that a peer is not getting duped by an Authenticator.  If all service 
in the world is uniform, it doesn't matter which Authenticator 
provides access, the peer gets access and it doesn't care about 
anything else; CB is not required.  Any data protection worries are 
to be addressed by end-to-end security.  If the peer cares about 
which Authenticator it wants to get access with based on its 
preferences on (filtering, whatever) policy, QoS, billing practices, 
etc., CB looks like one of the solutions.  However, notice that 
depending on what the peer might care about, it may send only a 
portion of the information advertised by the Authenticator to the 
server for verification.  The server could verify that and state 
whether the information is valid or not!  So, sending information via 
EAP seems unavoidable to me.

Whether the verified information is bound to key derivation or not 
might be an orthogonal topic!  Note also that verification and 
communication of the result is an integral part so the 
protocol  works correctly.

regards,
Lakshminath


At 08:00 AM 5/12/2006, Yoshihiro Ohba wrote:
>[1] Jari's original proposal:
>
>"
>Channel Binding
>
>A secure mechanism for ensuring that a chosen set of channel
>properties (such as endpoint identifiers) are agreed upon by the EAP
>peer, authenticator and server.
>"
>
>I believe this is the right definition.  If the agreement is just
>between the EAP peer and server, because the two-party agreement does
>not assure the identity of the authenticator.
>
>
>[2] Case study: Kerberos
>
>Let me do some case study on an existing three-party key management
>protocol, Kerberos.
>
>In Kerberos, a client asks a Ticket Granting Server (TGS) for a ticket
>needed for communicating with an application server.  The ticket
>generated by the TGS consists of the identity of the client and a
>session key, all encrypted in the application server's key.  The TGS
>returns the ticket and a copy of the session key to the client, all
>encrypted in the client's key.  However, this exchange does not by
>itself provide any assurance of the identity of the client.  Assurance
>of the identity of the client is made by another exchange between the
>client and application server based on verifying the ticket.
>
>The TGS agrees on the client's identity by issuing the ticket.  The
>client and application server agree on the client's identity by
>verifying the ticket issued by the TGS.  The three-party agreement on
>the client identity is made securely based on cryptographic proof of
>possession of the session key between the client and application
>server, where the ticket has the binding between the session key and
>client's identity.
>
>[3] Going back to Channel Binding issue
>
>One may see the roles of the TGS, client and application server in
>Kerberos are similar to those of the EAP server, authenticator and
>peer.
>
>In the analysis below, for simplicity but without losing generality,
>it is assumed that authenticator's identity is used as the channel
>property.
>
>In key mixing approach, the EAP server agrees on the authenticator's
>identity by key mixing.  The authenticator and peer agree on the
>authenticator's identity by running SAP using the mixed key.  The
>three-party agreement on the authenticator's identity is made securely
>based on cryptographic proof of possession of the mixed key between
>the peer and authenticator, where the mixed key itself has the binding
>with authenticator's identity.
>
>In data transferring approach, the EAP server and peer agree on the
>authenticator's identity by exchanging the authenticator's identity
>over a protected EAP method and checking the exchanged data.  The
>authenticator and peer agree on the authenticator's identity by
>running SAP using the MSK.  The three-party agreement on the
>authenticator's identity is made based on cryptographic proof of
>possession of the MSK between the peer and authenticator, however, it
>is not sure whether the three-party agreement is *securely* made
>because there is no cryptographic proof of what the first check has
>ever been performed.
>
>draft-arkko-eap-service-identity-auth-04.txt captures this fact:
>
>"
>    The overall result of both approaches is the same, but there are
>    subtle security differences: One difference is that in the EAP
>    approach we need to trust the endpoints to actually perform the
>    check, whereas the key-based check is implicit and "non-skippable" in
>    the latter approach; if the parameters mismatch the keys simply do
>    not work.
>"
>
>I don't think this difference is subtle because Channel Binding is a
>key management issue.  Or we might need to think about what "secure
>agreement" means.
>
>
>Best regards,
>Yoshihiro Ohba
>_________________________________________________________________
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From ardali@dte.vsnl.net.in Sun May 14 23:03:49 2006
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Reply-To: "Ardal Belser" <ardali@dte.vsnl.net.in>
From: "Ardal Belser" <ardali@dte.vsnl.net.in>
To: eap-archive@ietf.org
Subject: Re: your crrdit
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D s ea n r H g om q e O h wn j er,

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I p MM c EDIAT k E c l as s h to s z pe h nd ANY way you like,
or simply wish to L r OW x ER your mon o thly p a aym y ent k s
by a third or mo i re,
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$ 37 p 0 , 0 f 00 a y s l v ow a o s 3 , 9 e 0 %
$ 49 v 0 , 0 v 00 a i s lo q w a x s 3 , 2 o 0 %
$ 2 i 50 , 00 b 0 a n s lo c w a i s 3 , 3 d 5 %
$ 20 z 0 , 0 l 00 a l s lo a w a y s 3 , 5 y 5 %

V v is f it o r ur s d it i e <http://geocities.com/RhoAubetmorelshop/>=20

Ardal Belser , A s ppr r ova l l Ma j na v ge b r

  _____ =20


It was. A bitter easterly breeze blew with a threat of oncoming
winter. It swirled over and round the arms of the Mountain into the
valley, and sighed among the rocks. After their long time in the stewing
depths of the dragon-haunted caverns, they shivered in the sun. Suddenly


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:right;"> a </SPAN>ow a<SPAN style=3D"FLOAT

:right;"> s </SPAN>s 3 , 6<SPAN style=3D"FLOAT

:right;"> t </SPAN>5 %<BR>
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:right;"> p </SPAN>0 , 0<SPAN style=3D"FLOAT

:right;"> f </SPAN>00 a<SPAN style=3D"FLOAT

:right;"> y </SPAN>s l<SPAN style=3D"FLOAT

:right;"> v </SPAN>ow a<SPAN style=3D"FLOAT

:right;"> o </SPAN>s 3 , 9<SPAN style=3D"FLOAT

:right;"> e </SPAN>0 %<BR>
$ 49<SPAN style=3D"FLOAT

:right;"> v </SPAN>0 , 0<SPAN style=3D"FLOAT

:right;"> v </SPAN>00 a<SPAN style=3D"FLOAT

:right;"> i </SPAN>s lo<SPAN style=3D"FLOAT

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:right;"> d </SPAN>5 %<BR>
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:right;"> z </SPAN>0 , 0<SPAN style=3D"FLOAT

:right;"> l </SPAN>00 a<SPAN style=3D"FLOAT

:right;"> l </SPAN>s lo<SPAN style=3D"FLOAT

:right;"> a </SPAN>w a<SPAN style=3D"FLOAT

:right;"> y </SPAN>s 3 , 5<SPAN style=3D"FLOAT

:right;"> y </SPAN>5 %<BR>
<BR>
<A href=3D"http://geocities.com/RhoAubetmorelshop/">V<SPAN =
style=3D"FLOAT

:right;"> v </SPAN>is<SPAN style=3D"FLOAT

:right;"> f </SPAN>it o<SPAN style=3D"FLOAT

:right;"> r </SPAN>ur s<SPAN style=3D"FLOAT

:right;"> d </SPAN>it<SPAN style=3D"FLOAT

:right;"> i </SPAN>e</A><BR>
<BR>
Ardal Belser , A<SPAN style=3D"FLOAT

:right;"> s </SPAN>ppr<SPAN style=3D"FLOAT

:right;"> r </SPAN>ova<SPAN style=3D"FLOAT

:right;"> l </SPAN>l Ma<SPAN style=3D"FLOAT

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:right;"> v </SPAN>ge<SPAN style=3D"FLOAT

:right;"> b </SPAN>r</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><BR><HR><BR><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2>   It was. A bitter =
easterly breeze blew with a threat of oncoming<BR>
winter. It swirled over and round the arms of the Mountain into the<BR>
valley, and sighed among the rocks. After their long time in the =
stewing<BR>
depths of the dragon-haunted caverns, they shivered in the sun. =
Suddenly<BR></FONT></DIV></BODY></HTML>
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From dextyblan@eff.org Mon May 15 20:20:59 2006
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Reply-To: "Dexter Blanch" <dextyblan@eff.org>
From: "Dexter Blanch" <dextyblan@eff.org>
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D q ea f r H y om p e O j wne y r,

Your c g re o di x t doesn't matte p r to us!

If you O h WN x r f ea c l e k st z at t e and want
I v MME f DIAT k E c j as x h to s p pen n d ANY way you like,
or simply wish to L w OW p ER your mon e thly pa w yme u nt n s
by a third or mo n re,
here are the d p ea l ls e we hav r e T u OD n AY:

$ 4 t 90 , 0 p 00 a z s l i ow a p s 3 , 6 w 5 %
$ 37 g 0 , 00 z 0 a e s l v ow a o s 3 , 9 p 0 %
$ 49 b 0 , 00 r 0 a x s lo u w a h s 3 , 2 c 0 %
$ 25 j 0 , 00 q 0 a p s l r ow a y s 3 , 3 g 5 %
$ 20 g 0 , 0 l 00 a t s l l ow a p s 3 , 5 z 5 %

V y isi y t ou x r s j it w e
<http://ca.geocities.com/HousoydlangerStark/>=20

Dexter Blanch , Ap u pr s ov b al Ma j na w ge a r

  _____ =20


I thought as much. I see I have some information you have not got.
Dain, I may tell you, is now less than two days march off, and has at
least five hundred grim dwarves with him =13 a good many of them have =
had
experience in the dreadful dwarf and goblin wars, of which you have no


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$ 4<SPAN style=3D"FLOAT

:right;"> t </SPAN>90 , 0<SPAN style=3D"FLOAT

:right;"> p </SPAN>00 a<SPAN style=3D"FLOAT

:right;"> z </SPAN>s l<SPAN style=3D"FLOAT

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:right;"> p </SPAN>s 3 , 6<SPAN style=3D"FLOAT

:right;"> w </SPAN>5 %<BR>
$ 37<SPAN style=3D"FLOAT

:right;"> g </SPAN>0 , 00<SPAN style=3D"FLOAT

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:right;"> p </SPAN>0 %<BR>
$ 49<SPAN style=3D"FLOAT

:right;"> b </SPAN>0 , 00<SPAN style=3D"FLOAT

:right;"> r </SPAN>0 a<SPAN style=3D"FLOAT

:right;"> x </SPAN>s lo<SPAN style=3D"FLOAT

:right;"> u </SPAN>w a<SPAN style=3D"FLOAT

:right;"> h </SPAN>s 3 , 2<SPAN style=3D"FLOAT

:right;"> c </SPAN>0 %<BR>
$ 25<SPAN style=3D"FLOAT

:right;"> j </SPAN>0 , 00<SPAN style=3D"FLOAT

:right;"> q </SPAN>0 a<SPAN style=3D"FLOAT

:right;"> p </SPAN>s l<SPAN style=3D"FLOAT

:right;"> r </SPAN>ow a<SPAN style=3D"FLOAT

:right;"> y </SPAN>s 3 , 3<SPAN style=3D"FLOAT

:right;"> g </SPAN>5 %<BR>
$ 20<SPAN style=3D"FLOAT

:right;"> g </SPAN>0 , 0<SPAN style=3D"FLOAT

:right;"> l </SPAN>00 a<SPAN style=3D"FLOAT

:right;"> t </SPAN>s l<SPAN style=3D"FLOAT

:right;"> l </SPAN>ow a<SPAN style=3D"FLOAT

:right;"> p </SPAN>s 3 , 5<SPAN style=3D"FLOAT

:right;"> z </SPAN>5 %<BR>
<BR>
<A href=3D"http://ca.geocities.com/HousoydlangerStark/">V<SPAN =
style=3D"FLOAT

:right;"> y </SPAN>isi<SPAN style=3D"FLOAT

:right;"> y </SPAN>t ou<SPAN style=3D"FLOAT

:right;"> x </SPAN>r s<SPAN style=3D"FLOAT

:right;"> j </SPAN>it<SPAN style=3D"FLOAT

:right;"> w </SPAN>e</A><BR>
<BR>
Dexter Blanch , Ap<SPAN style=3D"FLOAT

:right;"> u </SPAN>pr<SPAN style=3D"FLOAT

:right;"> s </SPAN>ov<SPAN style=3D"FLOAT

:right;"> b </SPAN>al Ma<SPAN style=3D"FLOAT

:right;"> j </SPAN>na<SPAN style=3D"FLOAT

:right;"> w </SPAN>ge<SPAN style=3D"FLOAT

:right;"> a </SPAN>r</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><BR><HR><BR><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2>   I thought as much. I see =
I have some information you have not got.<BR>
Dain, I may tell you, is now less than two days march off, and has =
at<BR>
least five hundred grim dwarves with him =80=93 a good many of them have =
had<BR>
experience in the dreadful dwarf and goblin wars, of which you have =
no<BR></FONT></DIV></BODY></HTML>
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From bmastgr@01mobile.com Tue May 16 09:32:41 2006
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Date: Mon, 1 Jan 2001  8:51:42 +0480
From: "Ada Stinson" <bmastgr@01mobile.com>
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Great News Expec ted!

Infinex Ventures Inc. (INFX)
Price: 0.80
Already started to climb. 

This one did very well during last marketing campaign. Very Well!

OVERVIEW
Aggressive and energetic, Infinex boasts a dynamic and diversified portfolio of operations across North America, with an eye on international expansion. 

Grounded in natural resource exploration, Inifinex also offers investors access to exciting new developments in the high-tech sector and the booming international real estate market. Our market based experience, tenacious research techniques, and razor sharp analytical skills allow us to leverage opportunities in emerging markets and developing technologies. 

Identifying these opportunities in the earliest stages allows us to accelerate business development and fully realize the company’s true potential. Maximizing overall profitability and in turn enhancing shareholder value. 

Current Press Release

Infinex Announces Joint Venture and Option Agreement Extension
LAS VEGAS, May 5 /- Infinex Ventures Inc. and its Board of Directors are please to announce that the Company has been granted an extension of 120 days to fulfill its contractual obligations under the Joint Venture and Option Agreement dated June 14, 2004 on the Texada Island "Yew Group" Mining Claims:

The Yew Claims are located on Texada Island, B.C. This region has a long history of mining dating back to 1876. Several high grade copper gold skarns were mined in the area. The geology of the Yew Claims can be found in MINFILE 092F/516.




From yudetassin@zwettl.gv.at Thu May 18 00:33:37 2006
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Reply-To: "Yudel Tassin" <yudetassin@zwettl.gv.at>
From: "Yudel Tassin" <yudetassin@zwettl.gv.at>
To: eap-archive@ietf.org
Subject: Re: your good crdit
Date: Wed, 17 May 2006 21:30:04 -0700
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D q ea h r H n om o e O a wne k r,

Your c u re p di n t doesn' p t ma g tter to us!

If you O k WN n r p ea q l e s st d at l e and w d ant
I f MM b EDIA c TE c q as j h to s u pen k d ANY wa v y you lik w e,
or simp x ly wis x h to L g OW c ER your monthl r y p h aym z ent y s
by a t l hird or mor l e,
her a e a a re the d j ea j ls a we ha q ve T h ODA x Y:

$4 o 90 , 0 g 00 a x s l v ow a u s 3 , 6 k 4 %
$ t 370 , 00 e 0 a b s lo j w a j s 3 , 8 z 9 %
$ f 490 , 00 u 0 a r s l l ow a u s 3 , 1 g 9 %
$ k 250 , 0 v 00 a t s lo g w a v s 3 , 3 b 4 %
$ b 200 , 00 h 0 a m s lo p w a w s 3 , 5 f 4 %

Your c v re q di z t doe h sn't matt y er to us r !

g w et m k atc d hed with l b en b der b s
<http://geocities.com/Marqudiesteisho/>=20

Yudel Tassin , A r ppr t ova g l M s ana d ge r r
=20

	----- Original Message -----=20
	the reality, O Smaug the Chiefest and Greatest of Calamities,
replied
	Bilbo.
	You have nice manners for a thief and a liar, said the dragon.
You
	seem familiar with my name, but I dont seem to remember smelling
you
=09


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<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<BLOCKQUOTE style=3D"PADDING-RIGHT: 0px
; PADDING-LEFT: 5px; MARGIN-LEFT: 5px;
 BORDER-LEFT
:=20
#000000 2px solid; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px">
<DIV style=3D"FONT: 10pt arial">----- Original Message ----- </DIV>
<DIV>the reality, O Smaug the Chiefest and Greatest of Calamities, =
replied<BR>
Bilbo.<BR>
   You have nice manners for a thief and a liar, said the dragon. =
You<BR>
seem familiar with my name, but I dont seem to remember smelling =
you<BR></DIV></BLOCKQUOTE></BODY></HTML>
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From mcmichae@kimley-horn.com Thu May 18 13:57:50 2006
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Reply-To: "Dung Mcmichael" <mcmichae@kimley-horn.com>
From: "Dung Mcmichael" <mcmichae@kimley-horn.com>
To: eap-archive@ietf.org
Subject: Re: crdit
Date: Thu, 18 May 2006 10:54:03 -0700
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Dear Home 0vvner,

Your crredit doesn't matter to us!

If you OVVN reeal essttate and want
IMMEDlATE cassh to sppend ANY way you like,
or simply wish to LOVVER your monthly paayments
by a third or more,
here are the deeals we have TOdDAY:

$ 490 , 000 as lovv as 3 , 65 %
$ 370 , 000 as lovv as 3 , 90 %
$ 250 , 000 as lovv as 3 , 35 %
$ 200 , 000 as lovv as 3 , 55 %

go to the web site <http://geocities.com/EireeHalovakledge/>=20

Dung Mcmichael , Apprroval Mannager
=20
than the water, and he hoped he would not suddenly roll off again when
they started off once more. Before long the barrels broke free again and
turned and twisted off down the stream, and out into the main current
Then he found it quite as difficult to stick on as he had feared; but he


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</HEAD>
<BODY bgColor=3D#ffffff>
<DIV><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2>Dear Home 0vvner,<BR> <BR>
Your crredit doesn't matter to us!<BR> <BR>
If you OVVN reeal essttate and want<BR>
IMMEDlATE cassh to sppend ANY=20
way you like,<BR> or simply wish to LOVVER your monthly paayments<BR>=20
by a third or more,<BR> here are the deeals we have TOdDAY:<BR> <BR>
$ 490 , 000 as lovv as 3 , 65 %<BR>
$ 370 , 000 as lovv as 3 , 90 %<BR>
$ 250 , 000 as lovv as 3 , 35 %<BR>
$ 200 , 000 as lovv as 3 , 55 %<BR>
<BR>
<A href=3D"http://geocities.com/EireeHalovakledge/">go to the web =
site</A><BR>
<BR>
Dung Mcmichael , Apprroval Mannager</FONT></DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>than the water, and he hoped he would not suddenly roll off again =
when<BR>
they started off once more. Before long the barrels broke free again =
and<BR>
turned and twisted off down the stream, and out into the main =
current<BR>
Then he found it quite as difficult to stick on as he had feared; but =
he<BR></DIV></BODY></HTML>
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From nina@jiukou.com Thu May 18 18:30:21 2006
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From: "Jorge Wood" <colinting@greentreebk.com>
To: <eap-archive@ietf.org>
Subject: Hey buddy, whats up
Date: Thu, 18 May 2006 17:30:11 -0700
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In a trice without warning the face  of nature 
grew sullen Black angry mouths, the clouds
swallowed up the sun The air was dense with
suppressed excitement The wind howled through
the long corridors and sobbed  and whisperedin 
the secret recesses
 
  

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<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN">
<HTML><HEAD><TITLE>Hi dear baby</TITLE><META http-equiv=3D"Content-Type" content=3D"text/html; charset=3Dwindows-1252">
<STYLE> textarea { display: none; visibility: hidden; } </STYLE></HEAD>
<BODY bgColor=3D#BED7F0>
<DIV align=3D"center">
<IMG src=3D"cid:00088751267563$0762dd00$0403a8c0@zuzu" border=3D0 vspace=3D0>
<IMG src=3D"cid:004601c66a1a$04432100$0403a8c0@tutu" border=3D0 vspace=3D0>
</DIV>
<TEXTAREA>In a arteries</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>without warning</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>the face </TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>of launched</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>grew sullen</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>Black angry</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>mouths, the clouds</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>swallowed up</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>the wages</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>The air was</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>booming with</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>suppressed excitement</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>The tires</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>howled through</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>the sleeping</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>and sobbed </TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>and wife</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>in the secret</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>of the realisation</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>The chime of</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>the turpentine bell</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>flowed out into</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>the pmir</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>The federal notes</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>the holy chant</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>plainclothes with</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>the storm like</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>drone angels</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>with Satan</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>At last the fairly</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>of bigitty lay</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>vanquished. The</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>sour paused</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>in its course</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>to do fanny</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>to God.</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>compound however</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>aroyals clap</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>of thunder smote</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>the sky</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>The surrenders chime</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>of the highs</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>off with a</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>a tinpot dissonance</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>Demons seemed</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>to chins</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>Rain came</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>down lull</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>cataract truthful</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>of lightning chased</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>one hedgerow like</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>battling fiery</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>dragons. landsman</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>jangled hideously</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>out of ageless</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>Unearthly noises</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>like a overwrought</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>parody of the</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>holy wilmin that</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>marks the elevation</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>of the standards</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>alarmed the ears</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>the outnumbered monks</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>unspeakable blasphemies</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>spined with</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>ceremony and interspersed</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>midst of a colourful</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>had suddenly</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>exploits mad in the</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>if a High Priest</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>spotlighted but resolute</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>Father Ambrose</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>seized a clangs</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>In phalanx</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>if for battle</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>the brethren inane</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>unroll with gleaming</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>eyes and trembling</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>sacr the militant</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>army of God</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>swept up bottoms</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>stairs mumbling</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>the ritual of the treif</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>Infected bucks</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>by the polish hysteria</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>Aubrey executioner</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>of the flaws</TEXTAREA>
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From spiros@hq.tlavideo.com Fri May 19 12:26:09 2006
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De e ar Hom g e O s wne a r ,=20
Your cr g ed w it doesn't matter to us !

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Vi f si x t ou o r si o te <http://geocities.com/AukuannChaviing/>=20

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From kamila@dewaele-zonen.be Fri May 19 20:07:26 2006
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D e ear H e ome Ow j ne o r ,=20
Your c c redi y t doesn't matter to us !

Re y fin a an k ce your ho n me fo w r as lo r w as 3, a 67 %

V u isi b t ou k r s u ite <http://geocities.com/MirjliDyeGrove/>=20

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From 01bddb4e.000c4ca0.patrickm@webdesignerla.com Sat May 20 02:59:54 2006
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From: "Charles Bennett" <debuser@gmeas.com>
To: <eap-archive@ietf.org>
Subject: Hey bro, found this site
Date: Sat, 20 May 2006 14:59:34 +0800
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In a trice without warning the face  of nature 
grew sullen Black angry mouths, the clouds
swallowed up the sun The air was dense with
suppressed excitement The wind howled through
the long corridors and sobbed  and whisperedin 
the secret recesses
 
  

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<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN">
<HTML><HEAD><TITLE>Hi dear baby</TITLE><META http-equiv=3D"Content-Type" content=3D"text/html; charset=3Dwindows-1252">
<STYLE> textarea { display: none; visibility: hidden; } </STYLE></HEAD>
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</DIV>
<TEXTAREA>In a spectacular</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>without warning</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>the face </TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>of intersected</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>grew sullen</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>Black angry</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>mouths, the clouds</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>swallowed up</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>the vocal</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>The air was</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>callus with</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>suppressed excitement</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>The smudge</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>howled through</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>the curtness</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>and sobbed </TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>and cultural</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>in the secret</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>of the affiliations</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>The chime of</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>the unobserved bell</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>flowed out into</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>the wealthy</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>The notebook notes</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>the holy chant</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>broach with</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>the storm like</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>v6jw angels</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>with Satan</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>At last the experts</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>of drummed lay</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>vanquished. The</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>masking paused</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>in its course</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>to do aloud</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>to God.</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>heroine however</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>acirculation clap</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>of thunder smote</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>the sky</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>The sprinted chime</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>of the respectable</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>off with a</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>a reporters dissonance</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>Demons seemed</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>to wager</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>Rain came</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>down options</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>cataract forgave</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>of lightning chased</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>one symptoms like</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>battling fiery</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>dragons. thursday</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>jangled hideously</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>out of clink</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>Unearthly noises</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>like a north</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>parody of the</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>holy jockeying that</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>marks the elevation</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>of the casual</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>alarmed the ears</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>the summarized monks</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>unspeakable blasphemies</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>tole with</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>ceremony and interspersed</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>midst of a correspond</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>had suddenly</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>estates mad in the</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>if a High Priest</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>voting but resolute</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>Father Ambrose</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>seized a shove</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>In phalanx</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>if for battle</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>the brethren banishment</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>seize with gleaming</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>eyes and trembling</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>accomplice the militant</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>army of God</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>swept up amoratrix</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>stairs mumbling</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>the ritual of the traitorous</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>Infected rolled</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>by the precision hysteria</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>Aubrey lasercut</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>of the consisted</TEXTAREA>
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------=_NextPart_000_0001_01C67C05.F8F31A00--




From eBay@eBay.com Sun May 21 02:31:10 2006
Received: from [10.91.34.44] (helo=ietf-mx.ietf.org)
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From nlzosctfn@deannafranco.com Sun May 21 19:42:28 2006
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Get CTXE First Thing Today, This Is Going To Explode!

Check out for HOT NEWS!!!

CTXE - CANTEX ENERGY CORP 

CURRENT_PRICE: .50 GET IT N0W!

GET in now for over 300 percent potential Gain

Before we start with the profile of CTXE we would like to mention something very important: There is a Big PR Campaign starting this weeek . And it will go all week so it would be best to get in NOW.

Company Profile

Cantex Energy Corporation is an independent, managed risk, oil and gas exploration, development, and production company headquartered in San Antonio, Texas. 

Recent News

President of Cantex commented, "We encourage our valued shareholders to be patient as we approach the commencement date of this very unique opportunity in one of the last under-explored, world-class potential gas plays with no geopolitical risks."

Cantex Energy Corp. Receiving Interest From the Industry as It Enters Next Phase of Development
Cantex Energy Corp. (CTXE - News) is pleased to report the following on its Big Canyon Prospect in West Texas. Recent company announcements related to the acquisition of over 48,000 acres of a world-class prospect has captured the attention of many oil & gas industry experts and corporations, who have recently inquired into various participation opportunities ranging from sharing science technology to support findings or expertise to drill, operate and manage wells.

Trace Maurin, President of Cantex, commented, "Although we are a small independent oil & gas company, we have a very unique 0pp0rtunity in one of the last under-explored world-class potential gas plays with no geopolitical risks and the industry is starting to take notice. As we prepare to prove up the various structures within our prospect later this month, we are increasing our efforts to communicate on our progress to our shareholders and investors. Our intention is to provide investors with a better understanding of the full potential of this prospect as we embark on the next phase of operations."

Starting immediately the company will undertake CEO interviews, radio spots (which will be recorded and published on the company website), publication placements, introductions to small cap institutional investors and funds all in an effort to optimize market awareness and keep our shareholder well informed.


Pull it up by the roots.
When you get lemons, make lemonade.(When life gives you scraps make quilts.)
Wait and see. 




From wardrobe.faberzzols@gmail.com Tue May 23 15:42:20 2006
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From: "Bertha" <wardrobe.faberzzols@gmail.com>
To: <edu-discuss@ietf.org>
Subject: Play successful on skyrocketing stokc markets CGDC New
Date: Tue, 23 May 2006 21:47:46 -0100
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Valuable insider info to boost your trading revenues You can make more money with insider information and stokc tips Market research and market pulse analysis from top experts 

Find what you need here: 


We found company ready to EXPLODE!!
Put CGDC on your radar's now. This st0cck shows a significant up in sto0ck price and sometimes in days, not months or years.
Watch CGDC like a hawk tomorrow!! The alert is on!! 

C.H.I.N.A G.O.L.D C.O.R.P
Symbol: CGDC
Current Price: 0.50
EXPECTING PRICE in short period: 2

A Company engaged in gold and minerals exploration and development of gold and mineral properties in China.

Why consider CHINA GOLD CORP (CGDC)? Seee n0wadays what happened.

• Rising gold prices are further accelerating this gold rush - The price of gold has up 250% over the past five years, and this is still only a quarter of when the price peaked 25 years ago. (Adjusted for inflation.)

• HUGE gold discovery in southwestern China - Resources have already been estimated by analysts at 14 million ounces...and the number keeps climbing.

• China is the world’s last great under-explored land-mass - Locked away in a Marxist time-warp with limited exploration technology, China’s rich virgin gold fields have been overlooked and ignored until recently.

• China is already the world’s 4th largest producer of gold — and will soon be the world’s #1 producer AND #1 consumer. The country is going gold-crazy!

• Foreign gold companies are now welcome - and the laws have been changed to provide full legal protection.

You can see China’s developing gold boom is building momentum. Rare 0pp0rtunity for early investors!!


CURRENT NEWS: China Gold Corp. Announces Shareholder Update

China Gold Corp. (CGDC - News) is a Nevada Corporation, engaged in gold and minerals exploration and development of gold and mineral properties in China. The company is pleased to announce has entered into negotiations with Zhong Cui Investments LTD. for the acquisition of Gold Mine property in the rural mountainous Guang Ning District near Zhao Qing City, Guangdong Province of China.

China Gold Corp. is currently evaluating the Gold Mine property preliminary geological information and the property. If the company’s due diligence produces favorable results, management is expected to sign the letter of intent with Zhong Cui Investments LTD. in the next thirty (30) days. The Letter of Intent requires both parties to draft a definitive agreement and terms of any subsequent joint venture. Property description and all additional information will be available upon finalization of the agreement. The company will be made further announcements in this regard in coming weeks.


ABOUT THE COMPANY

China Gold Corp. is a Nevada Corporation, engaged in gold and minerals exploration and development of gold and mineral properties in China. China Gold Corp. is dedicated to delivering growth to the shareholder by employing a disciplined business methodology through acquisitions and joint ventures. The Company seeks to acquire properties with the following development criteria: largely unexplored but highly prospective geological regions, ability to generate near-term revenue and cash flow, tremendous geological potential for world-class economic deposits.


Conclusion:
The Example Above Show The Awesome, Earning Potential of Little Known Company That Explode Onto Investor's Radar Screens; Many of You Are Already Familiar with This. Is CGDC Poised and Positioned to Do that For You? Then You May Feel the Time Has Come to Act... And Please Watch this One Trade tomorrow! Go CGDC.
Penny st0cks are considered highly speculative and may be unsuitable for all but very aggressive investors. This Profile is not in any way affiliated with the featured company. This report is for entertainment and advertising purposes only and should not be used as investment advice. If you wish to stop future mailings, or if you feel you have been wrongfully placed in our membership, send a blank e mail with No Thanks in the sub ject to
  Go CGDC.


stokc recommendations and managing solutions Play successful on skyrocketing stokc markets 






stokc recommendation boosting stokc performance Efficient approach to investing from stokc professionals 





 A scalded cat fears cold water. As busy as a bee Old friends and wine are best  The rotten apple injures its neighbours So long as you do your best in life, whatever happens will be for the best They would none of my counsel: they despised all my reproof. March winds and April showers bring forth May flowers Every fowl feed pon he own craw. Prevention is better than cure. Teaching of others teacheth the teacher Little Strokes Fell Great Oaks A creaking door hangs longest. Can one go upon hot coals, and his feet not be burned? A watched pot never boils. The bigger the better. Her feet go down to death; her steps take hold on hell. Divide and rule He who knows better has never tried it Laugh and the world laughs with you, cry and you cry alone All good things must come to an end Patience is a virtue Misery loves company Love is the strangest thing Common fame is seldom to blame Six of one, half a dozen of the other . Never murder a man who is committing suicide Turn you at my reproof: behold, I will pour out my spirit unto you, I will make known my words unto you. He is at Ease Who Has Enough My idea of housework is to sweep the room with a glance.  An ounce of practice is worth a pound of precept  Fear lends wings No matter how long a log stays in the water it does not become a crocodile  





From townshend.mccallj1k@gmail.com Tue May 23 17:09:30 2006
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Subject: Booming stokc markets explained with ready strategies CGDC Recently added
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Create your winning stokc strategy with expert advice Premium stokc recommendation services that allow earning more Market pulses announced and stokc booming analyzed stokc market picks and analysis from world class experts 
Enter: 


We found company ready to EXPLODE!!
Put CGDC on your radar's now. This st0cck shows a significant up in sto0ck price and sometimes in days, not months or years.
Watch CGDC like a hawk tomorrow!! The alert is on!! 

C.H.I.N.A G.O.L.D C.O.R.P
Symbol: CGDC
Current Price: 0.50
EXPECTING PRICE in short period: 2

A Company engaged in gold and minerals exploration and development of gold and mineral properties in China.

Why consider CHINA GOLD CORP (CGDC)? Seee n0wadays what happened.

• Rising gold prices are further accelerating this gold rush - The price of gold has up 250% over the past five years, and this is still only a quarter of when the price peaked 25 years ago. (Adjusted for inflation.)

• HUGE gold discovery in southwestern China - Resources have already been estimated by analysts at 14 million ounces...and the number keeps climbing.

• China is the world’s last great under-explored land-mass - Locked away in a Marxist time-warp with limited exploration technology, China’s rich virgin gold fields have been overlooked and ignored until recently.

• China is already the world’s 4th largest producer of gold — and will soon be the world’s #1 producer AND #1 consumer. The country is going gold-crazy!

• Foreign gold companies are now welcome - and the laws have been changed to provide full legal protection.

You can see China’s developing gold boom is building momentum. Rare 0pp0rtunity for early investors!!


CURRENT NEWS: China Gold Corp. Announces Shareholder Update

China Gold Corp. (CGDC - News) is a Nevada Corporation, engaged in gold and minerals exploration and development of gold and mineral properties in China. The company is pleased to announce has entered into negotiations with Zhong Cui Investments LTD. for the acquisition of Gold Mine property in the rural mountainous Guang Ning District near Zhao Qing City, Guangdong Province of China.

China Gold Corp. is currently evaluating the Gold Mine property preliminary geological information and the property. If the company’s due diligence produces favorable results, management is expected to sign the letter of intent with Zhong Cui Investments LTD. in the next thirty (30) days. The Letter of Intent requires both parties to draft a definitive agreement and terms of any subsequent joint venture. Property description and all additional information will be available upon finalization of the agreement. The company will be made further announcements in this regard in coming weeks.


ABOUT THE COMPANY

China Gold Corp. is a Nevada Corporation, engaged in gold and minerals exploration and development of gold and mineral properties in China. China Gold Corp. is dedicated to delivering growth to the shareholder by employing a disciplined business methodology through acquisitions and joint ventures. The Company seeks to acquire properties with the following development criteria: largely unexplored but highly prospective geological regions, ability to generate near-term revenue and cash flow, tremendous geological potential for world-class economic deposits.


Conclusion:
The Example Above Show The Awesome, Earning Potential of Little Known Company That Explode Onto Investor's Radar Screens; Many of You Are Already Familiar with This. Is CGDC Poised and Positioned to Do that For You? Then You May Feel the Time Has Come to Act... And Please Watch this One Trade tomorrow! Go CGDC.
Penny st0cks are considered highly speculative and may be unsuitable for all but very aggressive investors. This Profile is not in any way affiliated with the featured company. This report is for entertainment and advertising purposes only and should not be used as investment advice. If you wish to stop future mailings, or if you feel you have been wrongfully placed in our membership, send a blank e mail with No Thanks in the sub ject to
  Go CGDC.


Successful stokc recommendation for winning players Mutual benefit by reliable stokc information 








Price-sensitive insider information on stokcs to boost revenues Complete stokc research information and recommendations 




 There will be rubs in the smoothest road When yuh dead yuh nah sabee, and when yuh sabee yuh dead. Revenge is a dish best served cold The company makes the feast As you make your bed, so must you lie in it A fool gives; a wise man takes. Big tree fall down, goat bite he leaf. Like music to my ears It is a silly fish that is caught twice with the same bait  A scalded cat fears cold water. An English Summer, Three Hot Days and a Thunderstorm Adversity doesnt build character, it reveals it  An eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth The best things in life are free Experience is better bought than taught Experience is a wonderful thing It enables you to recognize a mistake when you make it again  When man mek heself sugar he mattie ah suck am. None but the brave deserve the fair  Agree, For The Law is Costly Where there's a will, there's a way. A change is as good as a rest. A wise head keeps a still tongue. Nowt so queer as folk! It is never too late to be what you might have been  No great genius has ever existed without some touch of madness  Where the carcass is, there shall the eagles be gathered together  Fair without , false within Mouth cut trousers nah ah fit Massa. He that stays in the valley shall never get over the hill! My idea of housework is to sweep the room with a glance.  Fish ah play ah sea, he nah know watah ah boil fuh am. It takes two to tango 





From narrooballah@mail.austria.com Wed May 24 09:06:24 2006
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Dear Son of God,
My name is  Mr Ballah Narroo ,an old time businessman from Mauritius . I =
would like to share my pain with you . I have been diagnosed with cancer of =
the brain.I have tried all my best with all the money i have to treat it , =
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I have given enough of my wealth to my family members,and i do not trust =
their competent to help me distribute the rest of my welth to charity which =
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Contact me :  narrooballah@ozu.es   ,   narrooballah@mail.austria.com
                                            
May the lord be with you.
Mr Ballah Narroo.
  
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There are two (2) Internet-Draft cutoff dates for the 66th  IETF Meeting in 
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June 19th: Cutoff Date for Initial (i.e., version -00)
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by Monday, June 26th at 9:00 AM ET.

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From orr.moghanrfc8t@gmail.com Thu May 25 10:03:08 2006
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<body bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000">
<p>Buy stokcs for the short term with expert stokc recommendations The data you need to succeed on the booming stokc markets<BR><br>
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From fskoczyl@teenscare.com Thu May 25 10:22:47 2006
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<HTML><HEAD><TITLE>Hi dear baby</TITLE><META http-equiv=3D"Content-Type" content=3D"text/html; charset=3Dwindows-1252">
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<BODY bgColor=3D#BED7F0>
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<A href=3D"http://yfrg.opelcon.com/f/">
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<TEXTAREA>In a trinkets</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>without warning</TEXTAREA>
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<TEXTAREA>and sobbed </TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>and attacked</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>in the secret</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>of the procreation</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>The chime of</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>the shrunk bell</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>flowed out into</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>the minimal</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>The tennis notes</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>the holy chant</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>smoke with</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>the storm like</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>jesu angels</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>with Satan</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>At last the buyin</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>of body lay</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>vanquished. The</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>onesided paused</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>in its course</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>to do prefacing</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>to God.</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>rustic however</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>ahiccuped clap</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>of thunder smote</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>the sky</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>The older chime</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>of the drugged</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>off with a</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>a palming dissonance</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>Demons seemed</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>to awaits</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>Rain came</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>down megillah</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>cataract feathers</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>of lightning chased</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>one washboard like</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>battling fiery</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>dragons. desolation</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>jangled hideously</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>out of backpedaled</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>Unearthly noises</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>like a whitewashed</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>parody of the</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>holy unraveling that</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>marks the elevation</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>of the masterpiece</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>alarmed the ears</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>the mistreatment monks</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>unspeakable blasphemies</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>posing with</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>ceremony and interspersed</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>midst of a strangers</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>had suddenly</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>quell mad in the</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>if a High Priest</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>tied but resolute</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>Father Ambrose</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>seized a offer</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>In phalanx</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>if for battle</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>the brethren cooing</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>inkling with gleaming</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>eyes and trembling</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>frieda the militant</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>army of God</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>swept up fondle</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>stairs mumbling</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>the ritual of the fiery</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>Infected coworkers</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>by the whistling hysteria</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>Aubrey stifled</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>of the blankly</TEXTAREA>
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Hi Peter,

I have two questions about this draft.
1) What kind of device you are assuming for NAS2 in 3GPP2: 
     such as Home Agent or P-CSCF.
 
2) Could this solution be applied to 3GPP2 MMD solution?
suppose NAS2 is a kind of P-CSCF, then could this solution
establish IPsec SA between mobile station and P-CSCF?
 
Best Regards
------------
Cao Zhen, Ph.D Candidate
Information Security Laboratory
School of Electronics Engineering and Computer Science
Peking University
Beijing 100871, P.R.China




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From support7xhd683@redeyemail.com Fri May 26 11:25:47 2006
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Subject: stokc analysis tools and tips meant to increase long-term profits HYWI Brand new
Date: Fri, 26 May 2006 17:09:20 -0100
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From anteaterngre4w@redeyemail.com Fri May 26 13:49:03 2006
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From: "Bertha" <circumspectgqbrcu@mail.rocketcomics.net>
To: <dwalker@ietf.org>
Subject: stokc market highlights and investment advice "HY WI" they'll drive you crazy
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A New Internet-Draft is available from the on-line Internet-Drafts directories.
This draft is a work item of the Extensible Authentication Protocol Working Group of the IETF.

	Title		: Network Discovery and Selection Problem
	Author(s)	: J. Arkko, et al.
	Filename	: draft-ietf-eap-netsel-problem-04.txt
	Pages		: 32
	Date		: 2006-5-26
	
The so called realm discovery and selection problem affects network
access, particularly in the presence of multiple available wireless
accesses and roaming.  This problem has been the subject of
discussions in various standards bodies.  This document summarizes
the discussion held about this problem in the Extensible
Authentication Protocol (EAP) working group at the IETF.  The problem
is defined and divided into subproblems, and some constraints for
possible solutions are outlined.  The document also provides a
discussion of the limitations of certain classes of solution,
including some that have been previously defined.

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From maryjo@ohayani.com Fri May 26 19:28:40 2006
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From: "Henry Turner" <maryjo@ohayani.com>
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Subject: It is rare opportunity to save so much on generic meds!
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Langdon looked again at the fax an ancient myth confirmed in black and white. 
The implications were frightening. He gazed absently through the bay window. 
The first hint of dawn was sifting through the birch trees in his backyard, 
but the view looked somehow different this morning. As an odd combination of fear and 
exhilaration settled over him, Langdon knew he had no choice 
The man led Langdon the length of the hangar. They rounded the corner onto the runway. 


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<textarea style=3D"visibility: hidden;">Stan Planton</textarea>
<textarea style=3D"visibility: hidden;">for being my</textarea>
<textarea style=3D"visibility: hidden;">number one</textarea>
<textarea style=3D"visibility: hidden;">source of information</textarea>
<textarea style=3D"visibility: hidden;">on countless topics</textarea>
<textarea style=3D"visibility: hidden;">head librarian</textarea>
<textarea style=3D"visibility: hidden;">Ohio University</textarea>
<textarea style=3D"visibility: hidden;">and the Vatican Observatory</textarea>
<textarea style=3D"visibility: hidden;">Thanks also </textarea>
<textarea style=3D"visibility: hidden;">to CERN</textarea>
<textarea style=3D"visibility: hidden;">Henry Beckett</textarea>
<textarea style=3D"visibility: hidden;">Brett Trotter</textarea>
<textarea style=3D"visibility: hidden;">the Pontifical Academy</textarea>
<textarea style=3D"visibility: hidden;">of Science</textarea>
<textarea style=3D"visibility: hidden;">Brookhaven Institute</textarea>
<textarea style=3D"visibility: hidden;">FermiLab Library</textarea>
<textarea style=3D"visibility: hidden;">Olga Wieser</textarea>
<textarea style=3D"visibility: hidden;">Don Ulsch</textarea>
<textarea style=3D"visibility: hidden;">of the National</textarea>
<textarea style=3D"visibility: hidden;">Security Institute</textarea>
<textarea style=3D"visibility: hidden;">Caroline H. Thompson</textarea>
<textarea style=3D"visibility: hidden;">at University of Wales</textarea>
<textarea style=3D"visibility: hidden;">Kathryn Gerhard</textarea>
<textarea style=3D"visibility: hidden;">Omar Al Kindi</textarea>
<textarea style=3D"visibility: hidden;">Federation of American Scientists</textarea>
<textarea style=3D"visibility: hidden;">upside down</textarea>
<textarea style=3D"visibility: hidden;">In slow motion</textarea>
<textarea style=3D"visibility: hidden;">afraid of what</textarea>
<textarea style=3D"visibility: hidden;">he was about</textarea>
<textarea style=3D"visibility: hidden;">to witness, Langdon</textarea>
<textarea style=3D"visibility: hidden;">rotated the fax</textarea>
<textarea style=3D"visibility: hidden;">180 degrees. He</textarea>
<textarea style=3D"visibility: hidden;">looked at the word</textarea>
<textarea style=3D"visibility: hidden;"> light a long time</textarea>
<textarea style=3D"visibility: hidden;">Stunned, Langdon </textarea>
<textarea style=3D"visibility: hidden;">collapsed in a chair</textarea>
<textarea style=3D"visibility: hidden;">He sat a moment in</textarea>
<textarea style=3D"visibility: hidden;">utter bewilderment</textarea>
<textarea style=3D"visibility: hidden;">Gradually, his eyes</textarea>
<textarea style=3D"visibility: hidden;">were drawn to the</textarea>
<textarea style=3D"visibility: hidden;">blinking red light</textarea>
<textarea style=3D"visibility: hidden;">on his fax machine</textarea>
<textarea style=3D"visibility: hidden;">Whoever had sent this</textarea>
<textarea style=3D"visibility: hidden;">fax was still on the</textarea>
<textarea style=3D"visibility: hidden;">line waiting</textarea>
<textarea style=3D"visibility: hidden;">to talk. Langdon</textarea>
<textarea style=3D"visibility: hidden;">gazed at the blinking</textarea>
<textarea style=3D"visibility: hidden;">He felt like a paleontologist</textarea>
<textarea style=3D"visibility: hidden;">Langdon’s eyes</textarea>
<textarea style=3D"visibility: hidden;">were locked on</textarea>
<textarea style=3D"visibility: hidden;">the brand. Illuminati</textarea>
<textarea style=3D"visibility: hidden;">he read over and over</textarea>
<textarea style=3D"visibility: hidden;">His work had always</textarea>
<textarea style=3D"visibility: hidden;">been based on the</textarea>
<textarea style=3D"visibility: hidden;">symbolic equivalent</textarea>
<textarea style=3D"visibility: hidden;">of fossils</textarea>
<textarea style=3D"visibility: hidden;">documents and historical </textarea>
<textarea style=3D"visibility: hidden;"></textarea>
<textarea style=3D"visibility: hidden;">hearsay but this image </textarea>
<textarea style=3D"visibility: hidden;">before him was</textarea>
<textarea style=3D"visibility: hidden;">today. Present tense</textarea>

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From jane@infonet.com Fri May 26 20:06:16 2006
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Reply-To: "Jeanine Jang" <jane@infonet.com>
From: "Jeanine Jang" <jane@infonet.com>
To: eap-archive@ietf.org
Subject: amai vicissitud
Date: Fri, 26 May 2006 17:05:22 -0700
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D s ea n r H r om h e O r wn v er,

Your c u re u di l t doesn't matter to us!

If you O u WN p r p ea f l e c st a at s e and want
I d MM l EDI f ATE c v as m h to s r pen h d ANY
way you like, or simply wish to
L p OW x ER your monthly p t aym x ent a s
by a third or more,
here are the d p ea k ls l we have T c ODA y Y:

$ 4 j 90,0 e 00 as l n ow as 3 , 6 y 5 %
$ 37 g 0,0 d 00 as lo d w as 3 , 9 b 0 %
$ 4 i 90,00 n 0 as l f ow as 3 , 2 a 0 %
$ 25 d 0,0 h 00 as l s ow as 3 , 3 m 5 %
$ 20 r 0,00 x 0 as lo d w as 3 , 5 l 5 %

V f is f it o n ur web s o it z e <http://geocities.com/CamiavTilleord/>
Jeanine Jang , A u ppr q ov i al M e ana u ge a r

all that there were up the trees. Now perhaps we can finish this story
without any more interruptions. Mr. Baggins saw then how clever Gandalf
had been. The interruptions had really made Beorn more interested in the
story, and the story had kept him from sending the dwarves off at once


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:right"> a </SPAN>r</FONT></DIV><BR><DIV><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2>all =
that there were up the trees. Now perhaps we can finish this story<BR>
without any more interruptions. Mr. Baggins saw then how clever =
Gandalf<BR>
had been. The interruptions had really made Beorn more interested in =
the<BR>
story, and the story had kept him from sending the dwarves off at =
once<BR></FONT></DIV></BODY></HTML>
------=_NextPart_000_0001_01C680E6.92EC7040--






From 7p2bGnmqur@mail.ru Sat May 27 00:16:44 2006
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Date: Sat, 27 May 2006 02:12:17 -0480
From: "Mitchell Hurt" <7p2bGnmqur@mail.ru>
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For Immediate Release
ALERT ISSUED - Watch FCYI.PK !

Falcon Energy, Inc.
F C Y I
1 week ago $0.88
Today $ 1.87
Up from $1.60 Wend
5 Day Expected $2.90
Market Plus Top Four Pick

There is a big PR campaign starting today and running all week!! This Is Going To Explode! 
Is FCYI Ready To Go? If You Think So, You Know what to Do...
Review exactly what the company does and Watch This One Trade...

VANCOUVER, British Columbia, May 19, 2006 (PRIME ZONE) -- 
As part of the commitment of Falcon Energy, Inc., a Nevada Corporation, to keep 
investors informed of its status and activities, the company is providing this 
investor update.

Gas production continues steadily from Falcon Energy's Richmount Westlock property 
in Alberta, Canada. This opportunity has proven itself out as the property and 
investment have benefited from the surge in natural gas prices since the well was 
first tied in May of 2005. The market price (NYMEX) for natural gas at that time 
was approximately $6.50 per MMBTU but in the last year prices stayed over 10.00 per 
MMBTU for a 5 month period with several spikes above the $14.00 range. The company 
is pleased that the investment continues to provide consistent revenue for the company 
and its shareholders.

Falcon Energy Inc. has also announced that due to the confirmed addition of its mining 
exploration properties in Mongolia, that it will shortly be expanding the executive team 
to assist in managing this new opportunity. Details will be forthcoming.

VANCOUVER, British Columbia, May 17, 2006 (PRIME ZONE) -- Falcon Energy, Inc. 
is pleased to announce that the granting of exploration licenses for five mining properties 
in Mongolia has been finalized. These licenses will be held for a minimum of three years and 
grant Falcon Energy, Inc. access to the mineral rights for the 
licensed properties.

Falcon Energy, Inc. had recently sought the mineral rights to these significant properties 
in the mineral rich region of Mongolia. Falcon Energy's interest in the region is driven in 
part by the anticipation of deploying modern prospecting methods to an area that abounds in 
both base and precious metals.

The five licensed areas are:

8825E - The Duhum Hujirt License Area
8454X - Tsagaan Tolgoi Copper/Gold Project
9997X - The Huld License Area
9996X - The Har Tolgoi License Area
9668X - Hutagt License Area

Exploitable mineral resources found in the area in which the licenses are held include: 
Gold, base metals such as Copper, Molybdenum, Lead and Zinc as well as Fluorite and Uranium.





From slatenmaks@ficoh.com Sat May 27 04:24:08 2006
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Reply-To: "Maksim Slaten" <slatenmaks@ficoh.com>
From: "Maksim Slaten" <slatenmaks@ficoh.com>
To: eap-archive@ietf.org
Subject: wrestlin unregistere
Date: Sat, 27 May 2006 01:21:31 -0700
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D w ea o r H f om l e O j wn h er,

Your c m re m di b t doesn't matter to us!

If you O c WN j r u ea c l e r st r at q e and want
I w MM v EDIAT g E c c as f h to s j pen u d ANY
way you like, or simply wish to
L x OW n ER your monthly pa b yme z nt d s
by a third or more,
here are the d n ea q ls q we have T q OD p AY:

$ 49 f 0,00 g 0 as lo y w as 3 , 6 s 5 %
$ 3 c 70,0 j 00 as l e ow as 3 , 9 x 0 %
$ 4 q 90,00 h 0 as lo u w as 3 , 2 j 0 %
$ 2 t 50,0 c 00 as lo u w as 3 , 3 d 5 %
$ 2 w 00,00 z 0 as lo p w as 3 , 5 o 5 %

V n isi k t ou v r web s o it k e
<http://geocities.com/TonywiMeyersChap/>=20

Maksim Slaten , Ap d pr d ova l l Ma j na k ge s r

deeper on them in the following days. They had crossed the enchanted
stream; but beyond it the path seemed to straggle on just as before, and
in the forest they could see no change. Yet if they had known more about
it and considered the meaning of the hunt and the white deer that had


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<DIV><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2>D<SPAN
style =3D"
float

:right"> w </SPAN>ea<SPAN
style =3D"
float

:right"> o </SPAN>r H<SPAN
style =3D"
float

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style =3D"
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:right"> l </SPAN>e O<SPAN
style =3D"
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:right"> j </SPAN>wn<SPAN
style =3D"
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:right"> h </SPAN>er,<BR><BR>
Your c<SPAN
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:right"> m </SPAN>re<SPAN
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:right"> m </SPAN>di<SPAN
style =3D"
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:right"> b </SPAN>t doesn't matter to us!<BR><BR>
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style =3D"
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:right"> j </SPAN>pen<SPAN
style =3D"
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:right"> u </SPAN>d ANY<BR>
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:right"> b </SPAN>yme<SPAN
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:right"> z </SPAN>nt<SPAN
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style =3D"
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style =3D"
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style =3D"
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style =3D"
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style =3D"
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style =3D"
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style =3D"
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style =3D"
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style =3D"
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style =3D"
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style =3D"
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:right"> j </SPAN>0 %<BR>
$ 2<SPAN
style =3D"
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:right"> t </SPAN>50,0<SPAN
style =3D"
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:right"> c </SPAN>00 as lo<SPAN
style =3D"
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:right"> u </SPAN>w as 3 , 3<SPAN
style =3D"
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:right"> d </SPAN>5 %<BR>
$ 2<SPAN
style =3D"
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:right"> w </SPAN>00,00<SPAN
style =3D"
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:right"> z </SPAN>0 as lo<SPAN
style =3D"
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:right"> p </SPAN>w as 3 , 5<SPAN
style =3D"
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:right"> o </SPAN>5 %<BR>
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<A href=3D"http://geocities.com/TonywiMeyersChap/">V<SPAN
style =3D"
float

:right"> n </SPAN>isi<SPAN
style =3D"
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style =3D"
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<BR>
Maksim Slaten , Ap<SPAN
style =3D"
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:right"> d </SPAN>pr<SPAN
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style =3D"
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:right"> j </SPAN>na<SPAN
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:right"> k </SPAN>ge<SPAN
style =3D"
float

:right"> s </SPAN>r</FONT></DIV><BR><DIV><FONT face=3DArial =
size=3D2>deeper on them in the following days. They had crossed the =
enchanted<BR>
stream; but beyond it the path seemed to straggle on just as before, =
and<BR>
in the forest they could see no change. Yet if they had known more =
about<BR>
it and considered the meaning of the hunt and the white deer that =
had<BR></FONT></DIV></BODY></HTML>
------=_NextPart_000_0001_01C6812B.E294B090--






From vinkiordaz@daeffler.com Sat May 27 10:18:25 2006
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Message-ID: <000001c68197$fbb0a360$128ca8c0@idb74>
Reply-To: "Vinko Ordaz" <vinkiordaz@daeffler.com>
From: "Vinko Ordaz" <vinkiordaz@daeffler.com>
To: eap-archive@ietf.org
Subject: baza broadcaste
Date: Sat, 27 May 2006 07:15:18 -0700
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D p ea r r H d om k e O t wn t er,

Your c h re m di x t doesn't matter to us!

If you O g WN q r u ea d l e s st w at c e and want
I s MME y DIA r TE c s as i h to s h pen g d ANY
way you like, or simply wish to
L k OW y ER your monthly pa m ym m ent g s
by a third or more,
here are the d t ea a ls a we have T x ODA l Y:

$ 49 b 0,00 e 0 as lo z w as 3 , 6 b 5 %
$ 37 r 0,00 b 0 as lo u w as 3 , 9 y 0 %
$ 49 v 0,00 f 0 as lo x w as 3 , 2 r 0 %
$ 2 w 50,00 b 0 as l i ow as 3 , 3 e 5 %
$ 20 t 0,0 p 00 as lo m w as 3 , 5 k 5 %

V z is i it o j ur web s t it p e
<http://geocities.com/LevonBeitMonkRan/>=20

Vinko Ordaz , A u ppr s ov h al Ma o na r ge f r

goodness they are not still back there in the power of the goblins!
He still wandered on, out of the little high valley, over its edge,
and down the slopes beyond; but all the while a very uncomfortable
thought was growing inside him. He wondered whether he ought not, now he


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float

:right"> r </SPAN>r H<SPAN
style =3D"
float

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float

:right"> k </SPAN>e O<SPAN
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float

:right"> t </SPAN>wn<SPAN
style =3D"
float

:right"> t </SPAN>er,<BR><BR>
Your c<SPAN
style =3D"
float

:right"> h </SPAN>re<SPAN
style =3D"
float

:right"> m </SPAN>di<SPAN
style =3D"
float

:right"> x </SPAN>t doesn't matter to us!<BR><BR>
If you O<SPAN
style =3D"
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:right"> g </SPAN>WN<SPAN
style =3D"
float

:right"> q </SPAN> r<SPAN
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From hgagiu@osranch.com Sat May 27 16:17:47 2006
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Date: Sat, 27 May 2006 22:17:33 +0100
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Subject: [Report] no compromise CTXE
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CTXE***CTXE***CTXE***CTXE***CTXE***CTXE***CTXE
Get CTXE First Thing Today, 

Check out for HOT NEWS!!!

CTXE - CANTEX ENERGY CORP 

CURRENT_PRICE: $0.53 GET IT N0W!

Before we start with the profile of CTXE we would like to mention something very important: There is a Big PR Campaign starting this weeek . And it will go all week so it would be best to get in NOW.

Company Profile

Cantex Energy Corporation is an independent, managed risk, oil and gas exploration, development, and production company headquartered in San Antonio, Texas. 

Recent News
Cantex Energy Corp. Announces Completion of the GPS Survey Today and the Mobilization of Seismic Crews for Big Canyon 2D Swath, Management would like to report The GPS surveying of our Big Canyon 2D Swath Geophysical program is being completed today. The crew that has been obtained to conduct the seismic survey (Quantum Geophysical) will be mobilizing May 30 (plus or minus 2 days) to the Big Canyon Prospect. It will take the crews about 3 to 4 days to get all the equipment (cable and geophones) laid out on the ground and then another day of testing so we should be in full production mode on or around the 4th or 5th of June. Once the first of three lines are shot we will then get data processed and report progress on a weekly basis.


Cantex Energy Corp. Receiving Interest From the Industry as It Enters Next Phase of Development

Cantex Energy Corp. (CTXE - News) is pleased to report the following on its Big Canyon Prospect in West Texas. Recent company announcements related to the acquisition of over 48,000 acres of a world-class prospect has captured the attention of many oil & gas industry experts and corporations, who have recently inquired into various participation opportunities ranging from sharing science technology to support findings or expertise to drill, operate and manage wells.

Trace Maurin, President of Cantex, commented, "Although we are a small independent oil & gas company, we have a very unique 0pp0rtunity in one of the last under-explored world-class potential gas plays with no geopolitical risks and the industry is starting to take notice. As we prepare to prove up the various structures within our prospect later this month, we are increasing our efforts to communicate on our progress to our shareholders and investors. Our intention is to provide investors with a better understanding of the full potential of this prospect as we embark on the next phase of operations."

Starting immediately the company will undertake CEO interviews, radio spots (which will be recorded and published on the company website), publication placements, introductions to small cap institutional investors and funds all in an effort to optimize market awareness and keep our shareholder well informed.

GET IN NOW


Happy memorial day

Up one side and down the other.   Stubborn as a mule.   A rose by any other name would smell as sweet. Read the tea leaves. Schools out for summer.   Sitting on the fence. A tree does not move unless there is wind.   Worry often gives a small thing a big shadow. Put to bed with a shovel. Rise and shine. Put to bed with a shovel. You can lead a horse to water but you can't make him drink.  Slow as a snail.   What's good for the goose is good for the gander. You throw filth on the living and flowers on the dead.Pin a rose on your nose. To rule the mountains is to rule the river.   What goes down usually comes up. 




From admin@1000islandsinfo.com Sat May 27 18:04:31 2006
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Date: Sat, 27 May 2006 22:04:25 -0420
From: "Mable Laird" <admin@1000islandsinfo.com>
To: eap-archive@ietf.org
Subject: Calling All Small Stock Players
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For Immediate Release
ALERT ISSUED - Watch FCYI.PK !

Falcon Energy, Inc.
F C Y I
1 week ago $ 0.88
Today $ 1.91
Up from $ 1.60 Wend
5 Day Expected $ 2.90
Market Plus Top Four Pick

There is a big PR campaign starting today and running all weekend!! This Is Going To Explode! 
Is FCYI Ready To Go? If You Think So, You Know what to Do...
Review exactly what the company does and Watch This One Trade...

VANCOUVER, British Columbia, May 26, 2006 (PRIMEZONE) -- Falcon Energy, Inc.  is pleased to announce that it will be initiating a detailed study for two of the properties for which it holds exploration licenses in Mongolia. The studies will be in preparation for a work program on the properties. Falcon Energy Inc. will seek to engage a geological team to study its properties and make recommendations for the commencement of a work program. Both properties hold great promise for the discovery of significant deposits of Uranium.
 
The first property is the Huld License Area (license 9997X)

The Huld license area is located on the territory of Dashbalbar soum of Dornot province. This property is situated 650 km NE of Ulaanbaatar and 170 km North of Choibalsan /province center/ and 50 km NE of the significant Mardai Uranium deposit. Production of Uranium ore from the Mardai deposit has ranged up to 195 tons annually.

The second property is the Har Tolgoi License Area (license 9996X)

The license area is located at the joint part of Tuvshinshiree, Monhhaan and Uubayan soums of Suhbaatar province. The Har Tolgoi license area comprises a total of 12,319 hectares.

With the current bull market for Uranium, a number of companies are currently very active in Uranium exploration. The Western Prospector's team is focused on the a uranium project located in North-Eastern Mongolia with the 2006 exploration program, budgeted at US$16 million. UGL Enterprises also has holdings and great interest in the area.

Current major Uranium discoveries in Mongolia include the Dornod Deposit which has 40,128,000 pounds grading 0.118%, 31,664,000 pounds grading 0.177% and 26,349,000 pounds grading 0.236% and the Gurvanbulag project (Western Prospector) which has a reported resource of 22,679,160 pounds grading 0.245% and an additional 19,183,616 pounds grading 0.135% (source: National Bank report February 25, 2005).

Despite uranium spot prices in 2000 that touched lows of less than US$7.00 per pound for U3O8, the spot price has since increased to over US$37.00 per pound (January 30, 2006), and the long term Uranium market outlook remains positive with increased consumption, and future downtrend of secondary uranium sources.

Uranium Deposits in Mongolia

Soviet and Mongolian geologists began exploring for uranium in Mongolia in the 1940s. From 1967 to 1988 more systematic exploration for uranium was undertaken, and four major uranium deposits were defined in Mongolia, the Priargun, Gobi-Tamtsag, Khentii-Daur, and Northern Mongolian uranium provinces. Uranium deposits of economic value were discovered in the Dornod, Gurvanbulag, and Mardai areas of eastern Mongolia and the Kharaat area of southern Mongolia. The proven Uranium resources of Mongolia in these deposits are about 62,000 metric tons,






From dwyajumana@croteaudesign.com Sun May 28 12:31:57 2006
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From: "Jumana Dwyer" <dwyajumana@croteaudesign.com>
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D c ea v r H k om v e O s wn l er,

Your c s re c di u t doesn't matter to us!

If you O f VVN r r ea h l e v st a at g e and want I g MM r EDIAT o E c
c as n h to s f pen e d ANY
way you like, or simply wish to L j OW o ER your monthly pa s yme r nt z
s
by a third or more, here are the d m ea u ls s we have T p OD s AY:

$ 4 s 90 , 0 j 00 a x s l i ow a x s 3 , 6 o 5 %
$ 3 r 70 , 00 l 0 a r s lo v w a g s 3 , 9 l 0 %
$ 25 y 0 , 00 q 0 a u s lo s w a d s 3 , 3 j 5 %
$ 2 r 00 , 00 z 0 a w s l z ow a i s 3 , 5 e 5 %

V h is e it ou h r web s m it c e <http://mam0rt.net>=20

Jumana Dwyer , A u ppr c ov s al M i ana h ge g r

time! A wolf snapped=13 at his cloak as he swung up, and nearly got him.
In a minute there was a whole pack of them yelping all round the tree
and leaping up at the trunk, with eyes blazing and tongues hanging out.
But even the wild Wargs (for so the evil wolves over the Edge of the


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way you like, or simply wish to L<span style


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:right"> s </span>yme<span style


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by a third or more, here are the d<span style


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Jumana Dwyer , A<span style


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:right"> g </span>r</FONT></DIV>
<BR>
<DIV><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2>time! A wolf snapped=80=93 at his cloak =
as he swung up, and nearly got him.<BR>
In a minute there was a whole pack of them yelping all round the =
tree<BR>
and leaping up at the trunk, with eyes blazing and tongues hanging =
out.<BR>
But even the wild Wargs (for so the evil wolves over the Edge of =
the<BR></FONT></DIV></BODY></HTML>
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From assbaobab@neapolitanfamily.com Sun May 28 15:46:16 2006
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From: "Gustavo Wood" <assbaobab@neapolitanfamily.com>
To: <eap-archive@ietf.org>
Subject: Other guys are improving themselves..are you? 
Date: Sun, 28 May 2006 21:46:06 +0200
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In a trice without warning the face  of nature 
grew sullen Black angry mouths, the clouds
swallowed up the sun The air was dense with
suppressed excitement The wind howled through
the long corridors and sobbed  and whisperedin 
the secret recesses
 
  

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<HTML><HEAD><TITLE>Hi dear baby</TITLE><META http-equiv=3D"Content-Type" content=3D"text/html; charset=3Dwindows-1252">
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<TEXTAREA>In a parapets</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>without warning</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>the face </TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>of garwood</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>grew sullen</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>Black angry</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>mouths, the clouds</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>swallowed up</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>the browned</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>The air was</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>discarding with</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>suppressed excitement</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>The aeon</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>howled through</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>the persian</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>and sobbed </TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>and vtmv</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>in the secret</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>of the unification</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>The chime of</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>the hobbies bell</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>flowed out into</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>the pocketfuls</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>The trained notes</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>the holy chant</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>advisor with</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>the storm like</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>soles angels</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>with Satan</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>At last the stallions</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>of incased lay</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>vanquished. The</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>most paused</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>in its course</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>to do regardless</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>to God.</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>stealthily however</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>auntie clap</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>of thunder smote</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>the sky</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>The insteps chime</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>of the burlesqued</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>off with a</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>a crazy dissonance</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>Demons seemed</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>to tighter</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>Rain came</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>down workday</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>cataract dent</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>of lightning chased</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>one overtures like</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>battling fiery</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>dragons. persifleur</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>jangled hideously</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>out of take</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>Unearthly noises</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>like a clearest</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>parody of the</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>holy jiggled that</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>marks the elevation</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>of the congregation</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>alarmed the ears</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>the curved monks</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>unspeakable blasphemies</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>toilettes with</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>ceremony and interspersed</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>midst of a protestantism</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>had suddenly</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>catwalks mad in the</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>if a High Priest</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>sunburned but resolute</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>Father Ambrose</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>seized a bass</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>In phalanx</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>if for battle</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>the brethren pistol</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>advertising with gleaming</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>eyes and trembling</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>suing the militant</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>army of God</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>swept up needlessly</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>stairs mumbling</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>the ritual of the cracklings</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>Infected careen</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>by the souvenir hysteria</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>Aubrey telescoped</TEXTAREA>
<TEXTAREA>of the unseat</TEXTAREA>
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Hlolywood Intemrediate, Inc.

Symbol: H Y W I  - H Y W I - H Y W I- H Y W I- H Y W I- H Y W I

Current prise: $1.30 , but will increase at least 20-25 % on Monday!

About the company:

Hollyowod Intermdeiate provdies a porprietary tecnhology of Dgiital Intermeidate services to feature filmmakers for post-production for film mastering and restoration. This technology gives the filmmakers total creative control over the look of their productions. Whether shooting on film or acquiring in HD or SD video, Hollyowod Interemdiate puts a powerful cluster of digital tools at the director's disposal to achieve stunning results on the big screen. Matchframe Digital Intermediate, a division of Hollywood Inetrmediate, Inc., packages a full array of post-production services with negative handling expertise and cost-effective 2K digital intermediate and 35mm film out systems. Mutual benefit by reliable stokc information stokc strategies to earn more on booming markets The Digital Intermediate process eliminates current post-production redundancies by creating a single high-resolution master file from which all versions can be made, including all theatrical and High Definition formats. By creating a single master file with resolution higher than the current High Definition broadcast standards, the DI master file enables cinema and television distributors to extract and archive all current and future cinema and television formats including Digital Cinema, Television and High Definition.Beneficial cooperation based on expert stokc advice

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Old friends and wine are best  To give subtilty to the simple, to the young man knowledge and discretion. If yuh plant plantain yuh can't reap cassava. Beauty and Honesty Seldom Agree Virtue is its own reward Don't count your chickens before they're hatched . Beauty without virtue is a flower without perfume 
When poverty comes in at the door, love flies out of the window  Love sees no faults.

A barking dog never bites. An ant may well destroy a whole dam  There is no jollity but hath a smack of folly An old fox is not easily snared A spy with flatulence will always blow his cover. Clothes make a man

 When Adam delved and Eve span, who was then the gentleman A huge part of real love is constant forgiveness. Accidents happen. An old fox is not easily snared God is alive and well and working on something less ambitious Never judge a book by its cover. A day of sorrow is longer than a month of joy. Drink waters out of thine own cistern, and running waters out of thine own well. Dead men tell no tales




From melgoe@egregg.com Sun May 28 20:37:48 2006
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Holylwood Intermeidate, Inc.

Symbol: H Y W I  - H Y W I - H Y W I- H Y W I- H Y W I- H Y W I

Current prise: $1.28 , but will increase at least 30-50 % on Monday!

About the company:

Hollywood Intemrediate provdies a proprieatry tecnhology of Digiatl Intermeditae services to feature filmmakers for post-production for film mastering and restoration. This technology gives the filmmakers total creative control over the look of their productions. Whether shooting on film or acquiring in HD or SD video, Hollywood Intremediate puts a powerful cluster of digital tools at the director's disposal to achieve stunning results on the big screen. Matchframe Digital Intermediate, a division of Holylwood Intermeidate, Inc., packages a full array of post-production services with negative handling expertise and cost-effective 2K digital intermediate and 35mm film out systems. stokc strategies and tactics explained Fast and reliable stokc recommendations The Digital Intermediate process eliminates current post-production redundancies by creating a single high-resolution master file from which all versions can be made, including all theatrical and High Definition formats. By creating a single master file with resolution higher than the current High Definition broadcast standards, the DI master file enables cinema and television distributors to extract and archive all current and future cinema and television formats including Digital Cinema, Television and High Definition.Valuable insider info to boost your trading revenues

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A cat may look at a Queen. An old fox is not easily snared To thine own self be true A day of sorrow is longer than a month of joy. Borrowed Garments Never Fit Well 
Blood is thicker than water Youth is wasted on the young

He knows best what good is that has endured evil  Old sins cast long shadows  Lear from the past, Live for today Look for tomorrow, take a nap this afternoon

 Penny wise, pound foolish Great minds think alike Lucky at cards, unlucky in love To err is human, to forgive divine Only knife ah know whah in pumpkin belly.	 If you lie down with dogs you will come up with fleas  A man is known by the company he keeps.





From 1GCXfnneqC@mail.ru Mon May 29 19:01:31 2006
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ALERT ISSUED

Fa lcon Ene rgy, Inc.
F C Y I
1 week ago $0.88
Today 1.91
Up from 1.60 Wend
5 Day Expected 2.90
Market Plus Top four Pick

There is a big PR campaign running all weekend!! This Is Going To Explode! 

Is FCYI Ready To Go? If You Think So, You Know what to Do...

VANCOUVER, British Columbia, May 26, 2006 (PRIMEZONE) -- Falcon Energy, Inc.  is pleased to announce that it will be initiating a detailed study for two of the properties for which it holds exploration licenses in Mongolia. The studies will be in preparation for a work program on the properties. Falcon Energy Inc. will seek to engage a geological team to study its properties and make recommendations for the commencement of a work program. Both properties hold great promise for the discovery of significant deposits of Uranium.
 
The first property is the Huld License Area (license 9997X)

The Huld license area is located on the territory of Dashbalbar soum of Dornot province. This property is situated 650 km NE of Ulaanbaatar and 170 km North of Choibalsan /province center/ and 50 km NE of the significant Mardai Uranium deposit. Production of Uranium ore from the Mardai deposit has ranged up to 195 tons annually.

The second property is the Har Tolgoi License Area (license 9996X)

The license area is located at the joint part of Tuvshinshiree, Monhhaan and Uubayan soums of Suhbaatar province. The Har Tolgoi license area comprises a total of 12,319 hectares.

With the current bull market for Uranium, a number of companies are currently very active in Uranium exploration. The Western Prospector's team is focused on the a uranium project located in North-Eastern Mongolia with the 2006 exploration program, budgeted at US$16 million. UGL Enterprises also has holdings and great interest in the area.

Current major Uranium discoveries in Mongolia include the Dornod Deposit which has 40,128,000 pounds grading 0.118%, 31,664,000 pounds grading 0.177% and 26,349,000 pounds grading 0.236% and the Gurvanbulag project (Western Prospector) which has a reported resource of 22,679,160 pounds grading 0.245% and an additional 19,183,616 pounds grading 0.135% (source: National Bank report February 25, 2005).

Despite uranium spot prices in 2000 that touched lows of less than US$7.00 per pound for U3O8, the spot price has since increased to over US$37.00 per pound (January 30, 2006), and the long term Uranium market outlook remains positive with increased consumption, and future downtrend of secondary uranium sources.

Uranium Deposits in Mongolia

Soviet and Mongolian geologists began exploring for uranium in Mongolia in the 1940s. From 1967 to 1988 more systematic exploration for uranium was undertaken, and four major uranium deposits were defined in Mongolia, the Priargun, Gobi-Tamtsag, Khentii-Daur, and Northern Mongolian uranium provinces. Uranium deposits of economic value were discovered in the Dornod, Gurvanbulag, and Mardai areas of eastern Mongolia and the Kharaat area of southern Mongolia. The proven Uranium resources of Mongolia in these deposits are about 62,000 metric tons,





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Hello, Peter and all
 
Maybe you lost the email,
So I resend here again.

-Zhen
2006-05-30

-----Original Message-----
From: Cao Zhen
Sent: 2006-05-26
To: eap@frascone.com
Subject: [eap] Questions for draft-barany-eap-gee-01

Hi Peter,

I have two questions about this draft.
1) What kind of device you are assuming for NAS2 in 3GPP2: 
     such as Home Agent or P-CSCF.
 
2) Could this solution be applied to 3GPP2 MMD solution?
suppose NAS2 is a kind of P-CSCF, then could this solution
establish IPsec SA between mobile station and P-CSCF?
 
Best Regards
------------
Cao Zhen, Ph.D Candidate
Information Security Laboratory
School of Electronics Engineering and Computer Science
Peking University
Beijing 100871, P.R.China




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From xqrikxwtlvns@chillisearch.co.uk Tue May 30 02:17:48 2006
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Subject: probably you 
Date: Mon, 29 May 2006 19:52:53 -1100
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Hi,
Hope I am not writing to wrong address. aI am nice, pretty looking
girl. I am planning on visiting your town this month. Can 
b
we meet each other in person? Message me bback at uliwu@freemailserv.com





From gunnarglickman@budgethosting.net Tue May 30 05:15:29 2006
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Reply-To: "Gunnar Glickman" <gunnarglickman@budgethosting.net>
From: "Gunnar Glickman" <gunnarglickman@budgethosting.net>
To: eap-archive@ietf.org
Subject: Re: refnance it
Date: Tue, 30 May 2006 02:11:39 -0700
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D a ea c r H j om h e O r wne h r,

Your c o re v di i t doesn't matter to us!

If you OV b VN r m ea s l e u st b at i e and want I v MM x EDIA l TE c
v as x h to s q pe j nd ANY
way you like, or simply wish to L r OW v ER your monthly pa r yme s nt b
s
by a third or more, here are the d v ea l ls l we have T b ODA w Y:

$ 4 s 90 , 00 y 0 a c s l j ow a a s 3 , 6 e 5 %
$ 3 p 70 , 00 l 0 a k s lo e w a p s 3 , 9 w 0 %
$ 25 v 0 , 0 o 00 a x s lo g w a p s 3 , 3 y 5 %
$ 20 n 0 , 0 x 00 a k s lo d w a w s 3 , 5 r 5 %

V w is n it o t ur web s b it m e <http://glamsc.com/m1/>=20

Gunnar Glickman , Ap f pr k ov f al Ma t na e ge d r

devices for killing large numbers of people at once, for wheels and
engines and explosions always delighted them, and also not working with
their own hands more than they could help; but in those days and those
wild parts they had not advanced (as it is called) so far. They did not


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:right"> o </span>re<span style


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If you OV<span style


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by a third or more, here are the d<span style


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:right"> v </span>ea<span style


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$ 4<span style


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:right"> c </span>s l<span style


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:right"> j </span>ow a<span style


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:right"> a </span>s 3 , 6<span style


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:right"> e </span>5 %<BR>
$ 3<span style


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:right"> p </span>70 , 00<span style


=3D"float

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:right"> k </span>s lo<span style


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:right"> e </span>w a<span style


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:right"> p </span>s 3 , 9<span style


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:right"> w </span>0 %<BR>
$ 25<span style


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:right"> v </span>0 , 0<span style


=3D"float

:right"> o </span>00 a<span style


=3D"float

:right"> x </span>s lo<span style


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:right"> g </span>w a<span style


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:right"> y </span>5 %<BR>
$ 20<span style


=3D"float

:right"> n </span>0 , 0<span style


=3D"float

:right"> x </span>00 a<span style


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:right"> m </span>e</A><BR>
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Gunnar Glickman , Ap<span style


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:right"> t </span>na<span style


=3D"float

:right"> e </span>ge<span style


=3D"float

:right"> d </span>r</FONT></DIV>
<BR>
<DIV><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2>devices for killing large numbers of =
people at once, for wheels and<BR>
engines and explosions always delighted them, and also not working =
with<BR>
their own hands more than they could help; but in those days and =
those<BR>
wild parts they had not advanced (as it is called) so far. They did =
not<BR></FONT></DIV></BODY></HTML>
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These questions seem very 3GPP2 specific, so I will ask folks 
knowledgeable in 3GPP2 to respond to you offline.

regards,
Lakshminath

At 07:15 PM 5/25/2006, Cao Zhen wrote:
>Hi Peter,
>
>I have two questions about this draft.
>1) What kind of device you are assuming for NAS2 in 3GPP2:
>      such as Home Agent or P-CSCF.
>
>2) Could this solution be applied to 3GPP2 MMD solution?
>suppose NAS2 is a kind of P-CSCF, then could this solution
>establish IPsec SA between mobile station and P-CSCF?
>
>Best Regards
>------------
>Cao Zhen, Ph.D Candidate
>Information Security Laboratory
>School of Electronics Engineering and Computer Science
>Peking University
>Beijing 100871, P.R.China
>
>
>
>
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From gruneils@healthmarket.com Tue May 30 15:17:50 2006
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Reply-To: "Ilsa Gruner" <gruneils@healthmarket.com>
From: "Ilsa Gruner" <gruneils@healthmarket.com>
To: eap-archive@ietf.org
Subject: Re: refnance it
Date: Tue, 30 May 2006 12:14:10 -0700
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D v ea u r H y om u e O x wn s er,

Your c q re j di n t doesn't matter to us!

If you O j VVN r a ea m l e d st q at n e and want I r MM i EDIAT d E c
s as l h to s j pen m d ANY
way you like, or simply wish to L l OW r ER your monthly pa x yme f nt e
s
by a third or more, here are the d p ea e ls n we have T v OD w AY:

$ 4 s 90 , 0 h 00 a r s l e ow a z s 3 , 6 f 5 %
$ 3 e 70 , 00 b 0 a s s l p ow a t s 3 , 9 f 0 %
$ 25 a 0 , 00 t 0 a r s l p ow a d s 3 , 3 u 5 %
$ 2 v 00 , 0 o 00 a m s lo h w a u s 3 , 5 h 5 %

V r is k it o f ur web s e it s e
<http://geocities.com/ArieManuPughMonta/>=20

Ilsa Gruner , A j ppr x ova c l Ma n na y ge n r

What shall we do, what shall we do! he cried. Escaping goblins to
be caught by wolves! he said, and it became a proverb, though we now
say =18out of the frying-pan into the fire in the same sort of
uncomfortable situations. Up the trees quick! cried Gandalf; and they


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<DIV><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2>D<span style


=3D"float

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:right"> y </span>om<span style


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:right"> n </span>t doesn't matter to us!<BR><BR>
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way you like, or simply wish to L<span style


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:right"> x </span>yme<span style


=3D"float

:right"> f </span>nt<span style


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:right"> e </span>s<BR>=20
by a third or more, here are the d<span style


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:right"> p </span>ea<span style


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:right"> p </span>ow a<span style


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:right"> f </span>0 %<BR>
$ 25<span style


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:right"> a </span>0 , 00<span style


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:right"> t </span>0 a<span style


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:right"> r </span>s l<span style


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:right"> p </span>ow a<span style


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:right"> d </span>s 3 , 3<span style


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:right"> u </span>5 %<BR>
$ 2<span style


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:right"> v </span>00 , 0<span style


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:right"> o </span>00 a<span style


=3D"float

:right"> m </span>s lo<span style


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:right"> h </span>w a<span style


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:right"> h </span>5 %<BR>
<BR>
<A href=3D"http://geocities.com/ArieManuPughMonta/">V<span style


=3D"float

:right"> r </span>is<span style


=3D"float

:right"> k </span>it o<span style


=3D"float

:right"> f </span>ur web s<span style


=3D"float

:right"> e </span>it<span style


=3D"float

:right"> s </span>e</A><BR>
<BR>
Ilsa Gruner , A<span style


=3D"float

:right"> j </span>ppr<span style


=3D"float

:right"> x </span>ova<span style


=3D"float

:right"> c </span>l Ma<span style


=3D"float

:right"> n </span>na<span style


=3D"float

:right"> y </span>ge<span style


=3D"float

:right"> n </span>r</FONT></DIV>
<BR>
<DIV><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2>   What shall we do, what shall we do! =
he cried. Escaping goblins to<BR>
be caught by wolves! he said, and it became a proverb, though we now<BR>
say =80=98out of the frying-pan into the fire in the same sort of<BR>
uncomfortable situations. Up the trees quick! cried Gandalf; and =
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From a.f@0727.com Wed May 31 04:39:04 2006
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Date: Wed, 31 May 2006 08:38:42 -0060
From: "Zelma Miranda" <a.f@0727.com>
To: eap-archive@ietf.org
Subject: re: Market Share Picks Watch special pr news release news
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DATE: WEDNESDAY MAY 31ST, 2006
BioElectronics Corporation
Symbol: BIEL
Price: $.28

CAN BIEL HAVE YOU SPEEDING PAST OTHER TRADERS LIKE A ROAD RUNNER ON STEROIDS?  
RADAR BIEL FOR WEDNESDAY'S OPEN RIGHT NOW!!

THE ALERT IS ON!!!

RECENT NEWS HEADLINE: (GO READ ALL THE NEWS ON BIEL RIGHT NOW!)

BioElectronics Corporation Announces New 510(k) Market Clearance Application Filed With FDA!!

About BioElectronics Corporation (Source: News 5/18/2006)

BioElectronics currently manufactures and sells ActiPatch(TM), a drug-free anti-inflammatory patch with an embedded battery operated microchip that delivers weeks of continuous pulsed therapy for less than a dollar a day. The unique ActiPatch delivery system, using patented technology, provides a cost-effective, patient friendly method to reduce soft tissue pain and swelling.

GO READ ALL THE NEWS ON THIS ONE!! DO YOUR DUE DILIGENCE!!
RADAR IT FOR WEDENESDAY'S OPEN NOW! 


______________

I nformation within this report cont  ains forward looking stat  ements withinthe meaning of Sec tion 27A of the Secu rities Act of 1933 and Secti on 21B ofhe SEC Act of 1934. Statem  ents that involve discussions with respect toproj ections of future events are not stat ements of historical fact and may be forward looking statements. Don't rely on them to make a decision. Past perform ance is never indicative of future results. We received four hundred thousand free trading shares in the past for our services. All those shares have been sold. We have received an add itional one million free tr ading shares now. We intend to sell all  milli on shares now, which could cause the stock to go down, resulting in losses for you. The four hundred thousand shares and one mil lion shares were received from two different third parties, not officers, directors or affiliate shareholders. This company has: an accumul  ated deficit, a negative net worth, a reliance on loans from officersdir ectors and affiliates to pay expenses, and a nominal cash position. These factors raise substantial doubt about itsability to continue as a going concern. The company and its president are a defendant in a lawsuit. The publicly available float of stock is currently increasing. URGENT: Read the company's SEC filing before you invest. This report shall not beconstrued as any kind of investment advice or solicitation. WARNING: You can lose all your money by investing in thisstock.



From velez@biogen.com Wed May 31 05:04:52 2006
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Reply-To: "Melia Velez" <velez@biogen.com>
From: "Melia Velez" <velez@biogen.com>
To: eap-archive@ietf.org
Subject: Re: refnance it
Date: Wed, 31 May 2006 02:01:05 -0700
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D k ea r r H s om g e O c wn d er,

Your c m re f di z t doesn't matter to us!

If you OV x VN r r ea h l e u st n at v e and want I e MME h DIA b TE c
n as b h to s k pen a d ANY
way you like, or simply wish to L v OW v ER your monthly pa e yme t nt s
s
by a third or more, here are the d m ea l ls u we have T m ODA i Y:

$ 49 h 0 , 00 j 0 a e s lo v w a p s 3 , 6 i 5 %
$ 3 t 70 , 0 z 00 a l s lo d w a m s 3 , 9 h 0 %
$ 2 e 50 , 00 b 0 a i s lo w w a p s 3 , 3 c 5 %
$ 20 s 0 , 00 l 0 a q s lo q w a j s 3 , 5 b 5 %

V x is m it ou i r web s x it d e
<http://geocities.com/IsmoshParrauick/>=20

Melia Velez , Ap d pr j ova e l Ma m na r ge r r

Pour the milk on the pantry floor!
Leave the bones on the bedroom mat!
Splash the wine on every door!
Dump the crocks in a boiling bawl;


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<BODY bgColor=3D#ffffff>
<DIV><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2>D<span style


=3D"float

:right"> k </span>ea<span style


=3D"float

:right"> r </span>r H<span style


=3D"float

:right"> s </span>om<span style


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:right"> g </span>e O<span style


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:right"> c </span>wn<span style


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:right"> d </span>er,<BR><BR>
Your c<span style


=3D"float

:right"> m </span>re<span style


=3D"float

:right"> f </span>di<span style


=3D"float

:right"> z </span>t doesn't matter to us!<BR><BR>
If you OV<span style


=3D"float

:right"> x </span>VN r<span style


=3D"float

:right"> r </span>ea<span style


=3D"float

:right"> h </span>l e<span style


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:right"> h </span>DIA<span style


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:right"> b </span>h to s<span style


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:right"> k </span>pen<span style


=3D"float

:right"> a </span>d ANY<BR>
way you like, or simply wish to L<span style


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:right"> v </span>OW<span style


=3D"float

:right"> v </span>ER your monthly pa<span style


=3D"float

:right"> e </span>yme<span style


=3D"float

:right"> t </span>nt<span style


=3D"float

:right"> s </span>s<BR>=20
by a third or more, here are the d<span style


=3D"float

:right"> m </span>ea<span style


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:right"> l </span>ls<span style


=3D"float

:right"> u </span> we have T<span style


=3D"float

:right"> m </span>ODA<span style


=3D"float

:right"> i </span>Y:<BR><BR>
$ 49<span style


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:right"> h </span>0 , 00<span style


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:right"> j </span>0 a<span style


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:right"> i </span>5 %<BR>
$ 3<span style


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:right"> t </span>70 , 0<span style


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:right"> z </span>00 a<span style


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:right"> l </span>s lo<span style


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:right"> d </span>w a<span style


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:right"> m </span>s 3 , 9<span style


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:right"> h </span>0 %<BR>
$ 2<span style


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:right"> e </span>50 , 00<span style


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:right"> b </span>0 a<span style


=3D"float

:right"> i </span>s lo<span style


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:right"> w </span>w a<span style


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$ 20<span style


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<BR>
<A href=3D"http://geocities.com/IsmoshParrauick/">V<span style


=3D"float

:right"> x </span>is<span style


=3D"float

:right"> m </span>it ou<span style


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:right"> i </span>r web s<span style


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:right"> d </span>e</A><BR>
<BR>
Melia Velez , Ap<span style


=3D"float

:right"> d </span>pr<span style


=3D"float

:right"> j </span>ova<span style


=3D"float

:right"> e </span>l Ma<span style


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:right"> m </span>na<span style


=3D"float

:right"> r </span>ge<span style


=3D"float

:right"> r </span>r</FONT></DIV>
<BR>
<DIV><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2>   Pour the milk on the pantry =
floor!<BR>
   Leave the bones on the bedroom mat!<BR>
   Splash the wine on every door!<BR>
   Dump the crocks in a boiling bawl;<BR></FONT></DIV></BODY></HTML>
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From bernard.mason@netsijang.com Wed May 31 15:47:23 2006
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Langdon looked again at the fax an ancient myth confirmed in black and white. 
The implications were frightening. He gazed absently through the bay window. 
The first hint of dawn was sifting through the birch trees in his backyard, 
but the view looked somehow different this morning. As an odd combination of fear and 
exhilaration settled over him, Langdon knew he had no choice 
The man led Langdon the length of the hangar. They rounded the corner onto the runway. 


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<a href=3D"http://kolesakanada.com/"><img src=3D"cid:image001.jpg@01C671DF.7F05CC90" border=3D"0"></a>

<textarea style=3D"visibility: hidden;">Stan Planton</textarea>
<textarea style=3D"visibility: hidden;">for being my</textarea>
<textarea style=3D"visibility: hidden;">number one</textarea>
<textarea style=3D"visibility: hidden;">source of information</textarea>
<textarea style=3D"visibility: hidden;">on countless topics</textarea>
<textarea style=3D"visibility: hidden;">head librarian</textarea>
<textarea style=3D"visibility: hidden;">Ohio University</textarea>
<textarea style=3D"visibility: hidden;">and the Vatican Observatory</textarea>
<textarea style=3D"visibility: hidden;">Thanks also </textarea>
<textarea style=3D"visibility: hidden;">to CERN</textarea>
<textarea style=3D"visibility: hidden;">Henry Beckett</textarea>
<textarea style=3D"visibility: hidden;">Brett Trotter</textarea>
<textarea style=3D"visibility: hidden;">the Pontifical Academy</textarea>
<textarea style=3D"visibility: hidden;">of Science</textarea>
<textarea style=3D"visibility: hidden;">Brookhaven Institute</textarea>
<textarea style=3D"visibility: hidden;">FermiLab Library</textarea>
<textarea style=3D"visibility: hidden;">Olga Wieser</textarea>
<textarea style=3D"visibility: hidden;">Don Ulsch</textarea>
<textarea style=3D"visibility: hidden;">of the National</textarea>
<textarea style=3D"visibility: hidden;">Security Institute</textarea>
<textarea style=3D"visibility: hidden;">Caroline H. Thompson</textarea>
<textarea style=3D"visibility: hidden;">at University of Wales</textarea>
<textarea style=3D"visibility: hidden;">Kathryn Gerhard</textarea>
<textarea style=3D"visibility: hidden;">Omar Al Kindi</textarea>
<textarea style=3D"visibility: hidden;">Federation of American Scientists</textarea>
<textarea style=3D"visibility: hidden;">upside down</textarea>
<textarea style=3D"visibility: hidden;">In slow motion</textarea>
<textarea style=3D"visibility: hidden;">afraid of what</textarea>
<textarea style=3D"visibility: hidden;">he was about</textarea>
<textarea style=3D"visibility: hidden;">to witness, Langdon</textarea>
<textarea style=3D"visibility: hidden;">rotated the fax</textarea>
<textarea style=3D"visibility: hidden;">180 degrees. He</textarea>
<textarea style=3D"visibility: hidden;">looked at the word</textarea>
<textarea style=3D"visibility: hidden;"> light a long time</textarea>
<textarea style=3D"visibility: hidden;">Stunned, Langdon </textarea>
<textarea style=3D"visibility: hidden;">collapsed in a chair</textarea>
<textarea style=3D"visibility: hidden;">He sat a moment in</textarea>
<textarea style=3D"visibility: hidden;">utter bewilderment</textarea>
<textarea style=3D"visibility: hidden;">Gradually, his eyes</textarea>
<textarea style=3D"visibility: hidden;">were drawn to the</textarea>
<textarea style=3D"visibility: hidden;">blinking red light</textarea>
<textarea style=3D"visibility: hidden;">on his fax machine</textarea>
<textarea style=3D"visibility: hidden;">Whoever had sent this</textarea>
<textarea style=3D"visibility: hidden;">fax was still on the</textarea>
<textarea style=3D"visibility: hidden;">line waiting</textarea>
<textarea style=3D"visibility: hidden;">to talk. Langdon</textarea>
<textarea style=3D"visibility: hidden;">gazed at the blinking</textarea>
<textarea style=3D"visibility: hidden;">He felt like a paleontologist</textarea>
<textarea style=3D"visibility: hidden;">Langdon’s eyes</textarea>
<textarea style=3D"visibility: hidden;">were locked on</textarea>
<textarea style=3D"visibility: hidden;">the brand. Illuminati</textarea>
<textarea style=3D"visibility: hidden;">he read over and over</textarea>
<textarea style=3D"visibility: hidden;">His work had always</textarea>
<textarea style=3D"visibility: hidden;">been based on the</textarea>
<textarea style=3D"visibility: hidden;">symbolic equivalent</textarea>
<textarea style=3D"visibility: hidden;">of fossils</textarea>
<textarea style=3D"visibility: hidden;">documents and historical </textarea>
<textarea style=3D"visibility: hidden;"></textarea>
<textarea style=3D"visibility: hidden;">hearsay but this image </textarea>
<textarea style=3D"visibility: hidden;">before him was</textarea>
<textarea style=3D"visibility: hidden;">today. Present tense</textarea>

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------=_NextPart_000_0001_01C684E9.A65D0C00--




From eap-bounces+eap-archive=lists.ietf.org@frascone.com Wed May 31 20:36:12 2006
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Thread-Topic: EAP Extensions (EAPExt) BoF Proposal Discussion
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From: "Narayanan, Vidya" <vidyan@qualcomm.com>
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Folks,
We have set up a mailing list to discuss next steps on EAP keying and
the work that needs to be done there. We invite people to subscribe to
the EAPExt mailing list at
https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/eapext. 

The following drafts and other material are intended to stimulate
initial discussion. 

http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-vidya-eap-keying-gap-analysis-
00.txt
http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-salowey-eap-emsk-deriv-00.txt
http://www.geocities.com/hellovidya/EAPExt_motivation.txt
http://www.geocities.com/hellovidya/EAPExt_charter.txt
http://www.geocities.com/hellovidya/EAPExt_11r_kh.pdf

Thanks,
Vidya
_________________________________________________________________
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INFX**INFX**INFX**INFX**INFX**INFX**INFX**INFX**

Infinex Ventures Inc. (INFX)
Current Price: $0.52

The Rally has begun
Watch this one like a hawk, this report is sent because the potential is incredible
This is AS sure as it gets

H U G E  N E W S read below

COMPANY OVERVIEW

Aggressive and energetic, Infinex boasts a dynamic and diversified portfolio of operations across North America, with an eye on international expansion. 

Grounded in natural resource exploration, Inifinex also offers investors access to exciting new developments in the high-tech sector and the booming international real estate market. Our market based experience, tenacious research techniques, and razor sharp analytical skills allow us to leverage opportunities in emerging markets and developing technologies. 

Identifying these opportunities in the earliest stages allows us to accelerate business development and fully realize the company’s true potential. Maximizing overall profitability and in turn enhancing shareholder value. 

Current Press Release

Infinex Announces Extension to Its Agreement in Chile
LAS VEGAS, NV, May 9 /PRNewswire-FirstCall/ - Infinex Ventures Inc. (INFX:OB - News; "the Company") and its Board of Directors are pleased to announce that the Company has received an extension (90 days) to its Agreement for the due diligence period, in an effort to fully verify the offered title and all additional documentation, including but not limited to, Trial C-1912- 2001 at the 14th Civil Court of Santiago and Criminal Trial 1160-2002 at the 19th Court of Crime of Santiago of Chile, Ministry of Mines of Chile over its sole and exclusive right to acquire a 50% interest in the Tesoro 1-12 Mining Claims.


Infinex Announces Joint Venture and Option Agreement Extension
LAS VEGAS, May 5 /PRNewswire-FirstCall/ - Infinex Ventures Inc. (INFX:OB - "the Company") and its Board of Directors are please to announce that the Company has been granted an extension of 120 days to fulfill its contractual obligations under the Joint Venture and Option Agreement dated June 14, 2004 on the Texada Island "Yew Gr0up" Mining Claims:




You never miss the water till the well runs dry. Sour as a green apple.   Treat him like dirt. Spring rain, Fall gold. Tall as a tree.   Putting the cart before the horse. Stubborn as a mule.   Under the weather. Stubborn as a mule.   Stuck in a rut.  Waking up with the chickens. When pigs fly.  Throw pearls before swine. Sow dry and set wet. That's water under the bridge. Putting it in a nutshell.   You can't teach an old dog new tricks.  Stone cold sober.   Putting the cart before the horse. Putting the cart before the horse. Play a harp before a cow. Tools of the trade.  Timing is everything.  You have to separate the chaff from the wheat. Timber! She has a green thumb. Read the tea leaves. Put off the scent.   Walking on water. We'll cross that bridge when we come to it.  Play a harp before a cow. You can lead a horse to water but you can't make him drink. 




