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From: Andrew Newton <andy@hxr.us>
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Subject: [Ecrit] comments on draft-schulzrinne-ecrit-mapping-arch-00
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Having read draft-schulzrinne-ecrit-mapping-arch-00, here are my  
comments:

1) Overall, this draft does a good job laying out a very specific  
mapping data distribution architecture.  I think it is worth noting  
this architecture as some may find it useful.  However, I can see how  
some people will view it as too many moving parts and may want  
something simpler.

2) I think the reference to DNS in the abstract should be stricken as  
the architecture described sounds like a lot more than DNS.

3) I really like the definition of "seeker".  So much so, that  
something similar ought to be added to the ECRIT requirements  
document.  It is basically a term that says, "there are multiple  
types of nodes that may initiate these queries, and we call all such  
nodes conducting this function a 'seeker'".

4) Section 3.1 says that LCMS services requires distributed  
services.  I disagree with that.  It could certainly be done in a  
centralized manner, and I suspect that some parts of the world will  
adopt a centralized system.

5) It is probably worth mentioning that the protocol between the  
seeker and the resolver may not be the same as the protocol between  
the forest guides and the other architecture elements, as it would  
make no sense to impose upon the seeker the mesh semantics.

6) There is no discussion about how geospatial coordinates are used  
in this hierarchical system, or rather how they are mapped into the  
system.

7) Section 8 seems to be on an entirely different subject.  Perhaps  
it should be broken out into its own draft.

-andy

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From ecrit-bounces@ietf.org Thu Nov 03 16:47:00 2005
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Date: Thu, 03 Nov 2005 16:45:23 -0500
From: Henning Schulzrinne <hgs@cs.columbia.edu>
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Andrew Newton wrote:
> Having read draft-schulzrinne-ecrit-mapping-arch-00, here are my  comments:

Andrew,

thanks for taking the time to read the draft. Many of your points 
deserve a fuller response, but I wanted to get the discussion started.

> 
> 1) Overall, this draft does a good job laying out a very specific  
> mapping data distribution architecture.  I think it is worth noting  
> this architecture as some may find it useful.  However, I can see how  
> some people will view it as too many moving parts and may want  
> something simpler.

I'm all for simplicity, but I believe we need to deal with the 
real-world issue that information about mappings is naturally 
distributed and owned by a variety of parties that don't necessarily 
know about or trust each other. In some circumstances, you can simplify 
the system by combining the roles of resolvers and forest guides, for 
example.

I'm certainly interested in simpler architectures, but I'm very wary of 
assuming, say, a single hierarchy or a single logical root. I'd rather 
deal with some technical complexity than inventing another ICANN or 
public ENUM.

I'm also hoping that the implementation complexity is modest. I think 
you essentially need two or three message types between the various 
components.

> 
> 2) I think the reference to DNS in the abstract should be stricken as  
> the architecture described sounds like a lot more than DNS.

It's the closest analogy I could think of. No analogy is perfect, but 
there are clear similarities:

- hierarchical, with distributed ownership of data

- caching resolvers at the edge

- notions of forwarding queries

Besides the basic difference of not mapping name labels DNS-style, I 
think the major architectural difference is the absence of a small root. 
We don't have the technical limitations that force a small root server 
population (ignoring the current anycast approach).

But maybe you could explain the "a lot more" part so that I can better 
understand your point.


> 
> 3) I really like the definition of "seeker".  So much so, that  
> something similar ought to be added to the ECRIT requirements  
> document.  It is basically a term that says, "there are multiple  types 
> of nodes that may initiate these queries, and we call all such  nodes 
> conducting this function a 'seeker'".
> 
> 4) Section 3.1 says that LCMS services requires distributed  services.  
> I disagree with that.  It could certainly be done in a  centralized 
> manner, and I suspect that some parts of the world will  adopt a 
> centralized system.

Maybe we have a very different picture of how this would work, but 
unless we have a single centralized system for the whole world, you'd 
still have to find the various "centralized" systems for each country, 
depending on where you are.

Cast in the terminology of my draft, this would mean that each country 
would have a tree consisting of one tree node, so this is just a special 
case. You'd then need a way to find these (short) trees. In other 
contexts, DNS has been suggested for that. But then you have to know 
which country you are in based on your GPS coordinates, and you then 
essentially get to run Brian's DNS system as well as the some other 
system, increasing the overall complexity (and still having to deal with 
the global root issue).

Maybe you can suggest a way to automatically, without manual 
configuration, bootstrap a centralized system, as I'm probably just not 
seeing the simple solution you have in mind.

> 
> 5) It is probably worth mentioning that the protocol between the  seeker 
> and the resolver may not be the same as the protocol between  the forest 
> guides and the other architecture elements, as it would  make no sense 
> to impose upon the seeker the mesh semantics.

I think I mention protocol diversity somewhere, but I'll check. My 
general perception is that since this is an international system, 
keeping the number of diverse protocols small is beneficial for 
simplicity and interoperability. I suspect that, in practice, we'll see 
implementations that can fulfill multiple roles (such as resolver, 
authoritative server and forest guide), just like we have generic DNS 
servers (e.g., BIND or for LDAP) today, as well as more specialized ones.


> 
> 6) There is no discussion about how geospatial coordinates are used  in 
> this hierarchical system, or rather how they are mapped into the  system.

This probably needs clarification, but the intent was that there is no 
special mechanism. Regions can be polygons or civic regions. A query for 
a point in geospatial coordinates is handed to a server, which finds the 
appropriate region and sends the query down that tree branch.

If you find a particular place where the discussion only applies to 
civic coordinates and needs special treatment for geo, please let me know.

No, I'm not trying to start another civic-vs.-geo discussion with this 
draft, although we're well overdue for an encore performance...

> 
> 7) Section 8 seems to be on an entirely different subject.  Perhaps  it 
> should be broken out into its own draft.

While this appears separate, I actually believe that it is essentially 
the same problem: map location to a (set of) URLs. Thus, I think the 
overall system complexity can be greatly reduced by integrating this 
information. That way, end systems make one query and get back both 
their local emergency numbers and their emergency contact, with the 
minimal complexity of one additional XML element in the response. I 
would hate to have to build a whole new architecture just for this one 
piece of relatively trivial location-dependent configuration information.



> 
> -andy
> 
> _______________________________________________
> Ecrit mailing list
> Ecrit@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ecrit

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From ecrit-bounces@ietf.org Fri Nov 04 13:15:36 2005
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Subject: Re: [Ecrit] comments on draft-schulzrinne-ecrit-mapping-arch-00
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On Nov 3, 2005, at 4:45 PM, Henning Schulzrinne wrote:
> I'm certainly interested in simpler architectures, but I'm very  
> wary of assuming, say, a single hierarchy or a single logical root.  
> I'd rather deal with some technical complexity than inventing  
> another ICANN or public ENUM.

I agree completely with this.  So I suspect that you and I are  
miscommunicating.

>> 2) I think the reference to DNS in the abstract should be stricken  
>> as  the architecture described sounds like a lot more than DNS.
>>
>
> It's the closest analogy I could think of. No analogy is perfect,  
> but there are clear similarities:

I think LDAP is a better analogy.

> Besides the basic difference of not mapping name labels DNS-style,  
> I think the major architectural difference is the absence of a  
> small root. We don't have the technical limitations that force a  
> small root server population (ignoring the current anycast approach).

That, and the forest guides.

>> 4) Section 3.1 says that LCMS services requires distributed   
>> services.  I disagree with that.  It could certainly be done in a   
>> centralized manner, and I suspect that some parts of the world  
>> will  adopt a centralized system.
>>
>
> Maybe we have a very different picture of how this would work, but  
> unless we have a single centralized system for the whole world,  
> you'd still have to find the various "centralized" systems for each  
> country, depending on where you are.

Not for the whole world, but I can certainly imagine smaller  
countries adopting for a nationwide centralized system.  The whole  
notion of a highly decentralized system is only really relevant to  
the US.

> Cast in the terminology of my draft, this would mean that each  
> country would have a tree consisting of one tree node, so this is  
> just a special case. You'd then need a way to find these (short)  
> trees. In other contexts, DNS has been suggested for that. But then  
> you have to know which country you are in based on your GPS  
> coordinates, and you then essentially get to run Brian's DNS system  
> as well as the some other system, increasing the overall complexity  
> (and still having to deal with the global root issue).
>
> Maybe you can suggest a way to automatically, without manual  
> configuration, bootstrap a centralized system, as I'm probably just  
> not seeing the simple solution you have in mind.

Then I do not understand what you are proposing with this  
architecture.  How are you bootstrapping the knowledge of the  
resolvers and the forest guides?

>> 6) There is no discussion about how geospatial coordinates are  
>> used  in this hierarchical system, or rather how they are mapped  
>> into the  system.
>>
>
> This probably needs clarification, but the intent was that there is  
> no special mechanism. Regions can be polygons or civic regions. A  
> query for a point in geospatial coordinates is handed to a server,  
> which finds the appropriate region and sends the query down that  
> tree branch.
>
> If you find a particular place where the discussion only applies to  
> civic coordinates and needs special treatment for geo, please let  
> me know.

I guess this goes to my question above.  In the system you are  
proposing, how do I know which resolver or forest guide to  send a  
query to when all I have is geo coordinates?

-andy

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>> It's the closest analogy I could think of. No analogy is perfect,  but 
>> there are clear similarities:
> 
> 
> I think LDAP is a better analogy.

I agree that this is close, but my impression was that LDAP was rarely 
used in a hierarchical way, with referrals and redirections (or other 
intermediaries). I only see the traditional corporate address book 
server, i.e., a single server hosting the whole database. But that may 
not be the whole picture.

> That, and the forest guides.

They are essentially a distributed root, but I agree that this is the 
major big-picture difference. Maybe the lesson here is to avoid a simple 
analogy and highlight some similarities and differences.

> 
> Not for the whole world, but I can certainly imagine smaller  countries 
> adopting for a nationwide centralized system.  The whole  notion of a 
> highly decentralized system is only really relevant to  the US.

Let me be more precise: If the lookup is being performed by your VSP, 
e.g., in its outbound proxy, the VSP may be located in a completely 
different country than the caller. (My current VSP-of-choice happens to 
be located in Germany.) In that model, each VSP would have to keep track 
of every directory/tree in the world. I don't think that's a desirable 
model, as it implies too much manual configuration.

Maybe this is a requirement discussion; I thought we had general 
agreement that the lookup function can be performed either by the end 
system or by an outbound proxy used by the caller, presumably operated 
by the VSP.


> 
> Then I do not understand what you are proposing with this  
> architecture.  How are you bootstrapping the knowledge of the  resolvers 
> and the forest guides?

I'm picturing using the standard ISP or VSP configuration mechanism. The 
VSP configuration (e.g., SIP config) or ISP configuration (e.g., DHCP) 
would point to a resolver. Since every resolver has access to the forest 
guides, it doesn't much matter if the seeker picks the ISP or the VSP 
resolver, except maybe in terms of network proximity. The resolver 
operator just has to find one suitable forest guide, just like they 
configure NTP servers, for example.



> 
> I guess this goes to my question above.  In the system you are  
> proposing, how do I know which resolver or forest guide to  send a  
> query to when all I have is geo coordinates?

The forest guides have a collection of polygons ("regions"), one for 
each tree. Thus, they know how to find the right tree(s). The resolver 
is pre-configured by the ISP or VSP with one or more forest guides. If 
we take the one-tree-per-country model, there'd be about 200 of those 
maps, which seems pretty manageable, particularly given that these don't 
tend to change on a day-by-day basis.


Henning

> 
> -andy

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Subject: Re: [Ecrit] comments on draft-schulzrinne-ecrit-mapping-arch-00
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On Nov 4, 2005, at 7:02 PM, Henning Schulzrinne wrote:
>> I think LDAP is a better analogy.
>
> I agree that this is close, but my impression was that LDAP was  
> rarely used in a hierarchical way, with referrals and redirections  
> (or other intermediaries). I only see the traditional corporate  
> address book server, i.e., a single server hosting the whole  
> database. But that may not be the whole picture.

LDAP is hierarchical in its model.  Its basic data structure is a  
tree.  As for the corporate address book, it is possible to setup a  
separate branch for each department. I suspect that in corporations  
that allow multiple LDAP branches, they may also allow multiple DNS  
tertiary delegations.  If you through in the concept of LDAP  
centroids, well it looks much more like what you are proposing.

>> Then I do not understand what you are proposing with this   
>> architecture.  How are you bootstrapping the knowledge of the   
>> resolvers and the forest guides?
>
> I'm picturing using the standard ISP or VSP configuration  
> mechanism. The VSP configuration (e.g., SIP config) or ISP  
> configuration (e.g., DHCP) would point to a resolver. Since every  
> resolver has access to the forest guides, it doesn't much matter if  
> the seeker picks the ISP or the VSP resolver, except maybe in terms  
> of network proximity. The resolver operator just has to find one  
> suitable forest guide, just like they configure NTP servers, for  
> example.

While using the VSPs knowledge of the world is good fallback, the  
most desirable configuration is the ISPs.  That way, the resolvers/ 
forest guides do not have to have a global view of where everything  
is.  They just need to know about their area of the planet.

>> I guess this goes to my question above.  In the system you are   
>> proposing, how do I know which resolver or forest guide to  send  
>> a  query to when all I have is geo coordinates?
>
> The forest guides have a collection of polygons ("regions"), one  
> for each tree. Thus, they know how to find the right tree(s). The  
> resolver is pre-configured by the ISP or VSP with one or more  
> forest guides. If we take the one-tree-per-country model, there'd  
> be about 200 of those maps, which seems pretty manageable,  
> particularly given that these don't tend to change on a day-by-day  
> basis.

Ok.  So you are saying that there are one or more forest guides per  
country (load balanced via whatever mechanism, anycast, SRV,  
whatever).  The operation of the forest guides is a governmental  
issue, and the configuration of which country cares about which other  
countries information is up to that operation (i.e. if the US doesn't  
want to interact with Iran's servers, oh well).  Do I have this right?

-andy

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> LDAP is hierarchical in its model.  Its basic data structure is a  
> tree.  As for the corporate address book, it is possible to setup a  
> separate branch for each department. I suspect that in corporations  
> that allow multiple LDAP branches, they may also allow multiple DNS  
> tertiary delegations.  If you through in the concept of LDAP  centroids, 
> well it looks much more like what you are proposing.

I'll mention this is my comparison.

> While using the VSPs knowledge of the world is good fallback, the  most 
> desirable configuration is the ISPs.  That way, the resolvers/ forest 
> guides do not have to have a global view of where everything  is.  They 
> just need to know about their area of the planet.

But that requires that every ISP has this information, even if they know 
nothing about VoIP services. This doesn't seem very likely. There's also 
the practical problem that I might get my DHCP information from a 
Linksys box, which doesn't know anything about this. Thus, while I agree 
that ISPs are a good source of this information, I don't think we can 
design a system that *requires* that all of them provide this information.


> Ok.  So you are saying that there are one or more forest guides per  
> country (load balanced via whatever mechanism, anycast, SRV,  
> whatever).  The operation of the forest guides is a governmental  issue, 
> and the configuration of which country cares about which other  
> countries information is up to that operation (i.e. if the US doesn't  
> want to interact with Iran's servers, oh well).  Do I have this right?

The forest guides don't have to be operated by a government. Imagine a 
company called OldMoon that wants to play in this space. It would work 
with national or regional trees to get their coverage regions and would 
interconnect with other providers that also have some of this knowledge, 
spreading it among the forest guides. The geographic location of this 
company wouldn't really matter much, just that trees were willing to 
connect to them and send them (very infrequent) region updates.

Each tree could feed its region information to any (reasonable) number 
of forest guides. This might include not-for-profit organizations (say, 
NENA), commercial data brokers or maybe even large carriers (VSP or 
ISP). They just have to be willing to spread data.

With the danger of introducing dubious analogies, think of Usenet, 
except that the data volume is orders of magnitude *less*.

Henning

> 
> -andy

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On Nov 4, 2005, at 7:53 PM, Henning Schulzrinne wrote:
> But that requires that every ISP has this information, even if they  
> know nothing about VoIP services.

Well, we certainly do have a conundrum here.  Because much of the  
ECRIT system relies on the ISPs having location information and  
operating location delivery protocols.  Beyond VoIP, I doubt there  
are many solid reasons for them to do so.

Still, I agree that VSPs are important when ISPs can't do what we need.

> The forest guides don't have to be operated by a government.  
> Imagine a company called OldMoon that wants to play in this space.  
> It would work with national or regional trees to get their coverage  
> regions and would interconnect with other providers that also have  
> some of this knowledge, spreading it among the forest guides. The  
> geographic location of this company wouldn't really matter much,  
> just that trees were willing to connect to them and send them (very  
> infrequent) region updates.
>
> Each tree could feed its region information to any (reasonable)  
> number of forest guides. This might include not-for-profit  
> organizations (say, NENA), commercial data brokers or maybe even  
> large carriers (VSP or ISP). They just have to be willing to spread  
> data.

I didn't necessarily mean a government agency directly running it.   
But I get your point.
Thanks.

-andy

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Andrew Newton wrote:
> 
> On Nov 4, 2005, at 7:53 PM, Henning Schulzrinne wrote:
> 
>> But that requires that every ISP has this information, even if they  
>> know nothing about VoIP services.
> 
> 
> Well, we certainly do have a conundrum here.  Because much of the  ECRIT 
> system relies on the ISPs having location information and  operating 
> location delivery protocols.  Beyond VoIP, I doubt there  are many solid 
> reasons for them to do so.

Clearly, things work much better if the ISP plays along. I just don't 
think we can design a system that *requires* that it does so. As you 
know, the current I2 system relies on user-entered location information 
for residential users, for example, not requiring any ISP involvement. 
This is far from ideal, but seems likely to be with us for quite a while.

This is a separate discussion, but I'm starting to believe that we need 
to think beyond the traditional top-down approach of location 
determination. There is evidence that cooperative location 
determination, such as beta.plazes.com or PlaceLab 
(http://www.placelab.org/) might be able to provide first-order 
approximations in cases where nothing better is available.

Henning

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Actually that is not true NENA I2.
NENA I2 requires validated data provided by a LIS.
The FCC has introduced an interim order that says user entered location
is okay for now until ISPs and VSPs can provide it. But time is running
out as a second order is expected soon that will more than likely
mandate this functionality.


> -----Original Message-----
> From: ecrit-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:ecrit-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf
Of
> Henning Schulzrinne
> Sent: Sunday, 6 November 2005 3:27 AM
> To: Andrew Newton
> Cc: ECRIT
> Subject: Re: [Ecrit] comments on
draft-schulzrinne-ecrit-mapping-arch-00
>=20
> Andrew Newton wrote:
> >
> > On Nov 4, 2005, at 7:53 PM, Henning Schulzrinne wrote:
> >
> >> But that requires that every ISP has this information, even if they
> >> know nothing about VoIP services.
> >
> >
> > Well, we certainly do have a conundrum here.  Because much of the
ECRIT
> > system relies on the ISPs having location information and  operating
> > location delivery protocols.  Beyond VoIP, I doubt there  are many
solid
> > reasons for them to do so.
>=20
> Clearly, things work much better if the ISP plays along. I just don't
> think we can design a system that *requires* that it does so. As you
> know, the current I2 system relies on user-entered location
information
> for residential users, for example, not requiring any ISP involvement.
> This is far from ideal, but seems likely to be with us for quite a
while.
>=20
> This is a separate discussion, but I'm starting to believe that we
need
> to think beyond the traditional top-down approach of location
> determination. There is evidence that cooperative location
> determination, such as beta.plazes.com or PlaceLab
> (http://www.placelab.org/) might be able to provide first-order
> approximations in cases where nothing better is available.
>=20
> Henning
>=20
> _______________________________________________
> Ecrit mailing list
> Ecrit@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ecrit

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Winterbottom, James wrote:
> Actually that is not true NENA I2.
> NENA I2 requires validated data provided by a LIS.
> The FCC has introduced an interim order that says user entered location
> is okay for now until ISPs and VSPs can provide it. But time is running
> out as a second order is expected soon that will more than likely
> mandate this functionality.

I'm curious where this information will come from. Will the FCC mandate 
that ISPs provide this information? If not the ISP, where would the VSP 
get the information except by asking the user where they live?

Just adding "LIS" doesn't magically make the information appear...

Henning

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Yup I agree it doesn't.
My honest opinion is that it will come from the Infrastructure providers
and will actually remain with them, which one of the reasons why I don't
see DHCP working in that environment, by that is a different can of
worms.


> -----Original Message-----
> From: Henning Schulzrinne [mailto:hgs@cs.columbia.edu]
> Sent: Sunday, 6 November 2005 2:21 PM
> To: Winterbottom, James
> Cc: Andrew Newton; ECRIT
> Subject: Re: [Ecrit] comments on
draft-schulzrinne-ecrit-mapping-arch-00
>=20
> Winterbottom, James wrote:
> > Actually that is not true NENA I2.
> > NENA I2 requires validated data provided by a LIS.
> > The FCC has introduced an interim order that says user entered
location
> > is okay for now until ISPs and VSPs can provide it. But time is
running
> > out as a second order is expected soon that will more than likely
> > mandate this functionality.
>=20
> I'm curious where this information will come from. Will the FCC
mandate
> that ISPs provide this information? If not the ISP, where would the
VSP
> get the information except by asking the user where they live?
>=20
> Just adding "LIS" doesn't magically make the information appear...
>=20
> Henning

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From ecrit-bounces@ietf.org Mon Nov 07 18:37:13 2005
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In the meeting today, Henning presented his draft on sos@ URI and the
service: URN.  There were some people who did not understand why we may
need to implement both for a while, as Henning suggests.

Could I ask if there is anyone who does not agree that the service URN
is a good permanent solution, requiring a number of elements to change
in order to completely deploy?  If we have agreement that the service
URN is the long term target, we can start work on that at least.  There
was a suggestion, for example, to more widely circulate the proposal
outside of ecrit to gather comments.

Brian

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please send me your most recent presentation slides.

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Date: Tue, 08 Nov 2005 11:21:26 -0500
From: Henning Schulzrinne <hgs@cs.columbia.edu>
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To: "Thomson, Martin" <Martin.Thomson@andrew.com>
Subject: Re: [Ecrit] LUMP and mapping architecture documents
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Thanks for checking up on this. Having a schema-recognizable geo 
representation for both points and polygons would be helpful, I think.

Thomson, Martin wrote:
> My apologies Henning, that last statement was an outright falsehood.
> 
> There was a mismatch between my expectations and the actual implementation.  "gml:position" isn't part of any substitution groups - it is a GML "property" which means that it is not a "GML Object".  I was distracted by the reference to feature.xsd in PIDF-LO - GML features are (currently) not used at all.
> 
> For that reason, if you want to use GML, you are given two choices:
> 
>   <xs:any namespace="http://www.opengis.net/gml" processContents="lax|strict"/>
> 
> Or just be even more liberal any allow any content:
> 
>   <xs:any namespace="##any" processContents="lax|strict"/>
> 
> For the time being either is good enough.  Further discussion on geodetic location representation might have to continue on the GEOPRIV list.
> 
> Martin
> 
> 
>>-----Original Message-----
>>From: Thomson, Martin
>>Sent: Wednesday, 26 October 2005 11:42 AM
>>To: 'Henning Schulzrinne'; Winterbottom, James; ecrit@ietf.org
>>Subject: RE: [Ecrit] LUMP and mapping architecture documents
>>
>>I can answer that one.
>>
>>gml:_Feature is the correct object, based on the PIDF-LO spec.  This
>>element is the abstract head of a substitution group that includes
>>gml:position.
>>
>>Cheers,
>>Martin
>>
>>-----Original Message-----
>>From: ecrit-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:ecrit-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of
>>Henning Schulzrinne
>>Sent: Wednesday, 26 October 2005 11:38 AM
>>To: Winterbottom, James; ecrit@ietf.org
>>Subject: Re: [Ecrit] LUMP and mapping architecture documents
>>
>>Thanks - yes, the dangers of relying too much on XMLspy rather than
>>validation by human inspection :-)
>>
>>More seriously: What would be the appropriate XML object for geo only?
>>gml:position?
>>
>>Thanks.
>>
>>Henning
>>
>>Winterbottom, James wrote:
>>
>>>Hi Henning,
>>>
>>>I will have more comments on this draft later.
>>>But for now there is a clear mistake in the XML in that your geo option
>>>is using a type of "ca:civicAddress"
>>>
>>>*8)
>>>
>>>Cheers
>>>James
>>>
>>
>>_______________________________________________
>>Ecrit mailing list
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> 
> 
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Well, you asked if anyone DOESNT agree that the service URN is the right 
direction speak up. I think it is the right direction, but I'll speak up 
anyway ;)

Architecturally speaking, I think the service URN is really the right 
thing here because the very problem we are trying to solve is how to 
identify a particular resource by its name, in a way quite distinct from 
its actual location. In that way, the various mapping protocols can be 
viewed as a name to address mapping service. Using the sos URI is 
actually an attempt to represent a name with an address by stealing a 
value out of the namespace for every single domain in existence, and 
declaring any address with that user part to actually represent a name. 
This introduces the practical problem Henning has pointed out, about 
entities outside of that domain needing to recognize the name anyway.

The main drawback that has been raised on the URN is that it requires 
endpoint and proxy changes in order to be deployable. I'd argue that, 
for these environments, we already have a transition mechanism which are 
the localized emergency URI (i.e., sip:911@provider.net). It doesn't 
make sense to me to insert an intermediate solution rather than going 
right to the destination. Thus, I would propose we abandon the sos URI 
draft entirely.

So, the logic would be that an endpoint would try to call the service 
URN, and if that fails, it would use a emergency URI of the form above.

-Jonathan R.

Rosen, Brian wrote:

> In the meeting today, Henning presented his draft on sos@ URI and the
> service: URN.  There were some people who did not understand why we may
> need to implement both for a while, as Henning suggests.
> 
> Could I ask if there is anyone who does not agree that the service URN
> is a good permanent solution, requiring a number of elements to change
> in order to completely deploy?  If we have agreement that the service
> URN is the long term target, we can start work on that at least.  There
> was a suggestion, for example, to more widely circulate the proposal
> outside of ecrit to gather comments.
> 
> Brian
> 
> _______________________________________________
> Ecrit mailing list
> Ecrit@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ecrit
> 

-- 
Jonathan D. Rosenberg, Ph.D.                   600 Lanidex Plaza
Director, Service Provider VoIP Architecture   Parsippany, NJ 07054-2711
Cisco Systems
jdrosen@cisco.com                              FAX:   (973) 952-5050
http://www.jdrosen.net                         PHONE: (973) 952-5000
http://www.cisco.com

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As agreed at IETF64 - LCMS queries MUST employ location-by-
value only and void of user identity information.  Location-by-reference 
requires RFC3693 adherance which would cause security/privacy issues that 
would not be obvious to the geopriv rulemaker, hence forcing a situation
that 
the LCMS query would fail at the most unappropriate time.

I added this to the issue tracker.

-Marc-

Marc Linsner
Consulting Engineer - Corporate Development
Cisco Systems, Inc.
+1-239-272-2105

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Subject: [Ecrit] Pre-Call Routing Requirement
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As agreed at IETF64 -- Pre-Call routing - launching a LCMS query prior to 
making an emergency call, MUST be allowed.  As a fallback mechanism, for use

only if a LCMS query fails at emergency call time, it may be advantageous to

have prior knowledge of the PSAP URI.  This prior knowledge would be
obtained 
by performing a LCMS query at any time prior to an emergency call.

I added this to the issue tracker.

-Marc-

Marc Linsner
Consulting Engineer - Corporate Development
Cisco Systems, Inc.
+1-239-272-2105

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From: "Winterbottom, James" <James.Winterbottom@andrew.com>
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Subject: RE: [Ecrit] Location-by-value requirement
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Hi Marc,

I guess I see the basis of this requirement as being a little different
to the way that you have stated if even the outcome is net the same.
My wording would be closer to:

"LCMS queries MUST NOT provide any means for the mapping service to
associate location with user or host identity. To this end, only
location by-value is to be used as this negates the requirement for the
LCMS mapper to adhere to RFC-3693."


Cheers
James

> -----Original Message-----
> From: ecrit-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:ecrit-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf
Of
> Marc Linsner
> Sent: Wednesday, 9 November 2005 9:13 AM
> To: ecrit@ietf.org
> Subject: [Ecrit] Location-by-value requirement
>=20
> As agreed at IETF64 - LCMS queries MUST employ location-by-
> value only and void of user identity information.
Location-by-reference
> requires RFC3693 adherance which would cause security/privacy issues
that
> would not be obvious to the geopriv rulemaker, hence forcing a
situation
> that
> the LCMS query would fail at the most unappropriate time.
>=20
> I added this to the issue tracker.
>=20
> -Marc-
>=20
> Marc Linsner
> Consulting Engineer - Corporate Development
> Cisco Systems, Inc.
> +1-239-272-2105
>=20
> _______________________________________________
> Ecrit mailing list
> Ecrit@ietf.org
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On the transition issue, I agree that this is probably hard to get right 
  for the cases that matter and it may not matter enough to try. There 
are probably three cases of interest:

- corporate SIP hard phones: the sip:911@corporate.com;user=phone is 
likely to work well enough. The difficulty is then how the proxy would 
act on such requests; ideally, it would replace the To/Request-URI with 
urn:service:sos so that downstream entities can recognize the nature of 
the call independent of the location of the caller. Request-URI is 
obviously easy, but for the 'To' header, this goes back to the 
discussion taking place in today's SIP meeting. Refering a user to the 
urn:service wouldn't work.

The problem is that there are lots of emergency identifiers and they 
should not leave the local environment. For example, both 9-911 and 911 
(and local emergency numbers) work.

- service-provider soft phones: presumably can be upgraded easily;

- service-provider hard phones/ATAs: may be harder, but roughly similar 
to the first problem.

I don't think there are enough cases of interest where the outbound 
proxy is operated by a party other than the service provider or 
enterprise to spend much effort on this.

Thus, if we can solve the re-labeling problem, I'm happy to focus on the 
service URN.

Henning


Jonathan Rosenberg wrote:
> Well, you asked if anyone DOESNT agree that the service URN is the right 
> direction speak up. I think it is the right direction, but I'll speak up 
> anyway ;)
> 
> Architecturally speaking, I think the service URN is really the right 
> thing here because the very problem we are trying to solve is how to 
> identify a particular resource by its name, in a way quite distinct from 
> its actual location. In that way, the various mapping protocols can be 
> viewed as a name to address mapping service. Using the sos URI is 
> actually an attempt to represent a name with an address by stealing a 
> value out of the namespace for every single domain in existence, and 
> declaring any address with that user part to actually represent a name. 
> This introduces the practical problem Henning has pointed out, about 
> entities outside of that domain needing to recognize the name anyway.
> 
> The main drawback that has been raised on the URN is that it requires 
> endpoint and proxy changes in order to be deployable. I'd argue that, 
> for these environments, we already have a transition mechanism which are 
> the localized emergency URI (i.e., sip:911@provider.net). It doesn't 
> make sense to me to insert an intermediate solution rather than going 
> right to the destination. Thus, I would propose we abandon the sos URI 
> draft entirely.
> 
> So, the logic would be that an endpoint would try to call the service 
> URN, and if that fails, it would use a emergency URI of the form above.
> 
> -Jonathan R.
> 
> Rosen, Brian wrote:
> 
>> In the meeting today, Henning presented his draft on sos@ URI and the
>> service: URN.  There were some people who did not understand why we may
>> need to implement both for a while, as Henning suggests.
>>
>> Could I ask if there is anyone who does not agree that the service URN
>> is a good permanent solution, requiring a number of elements to change
>> in order to completely deploy?  If we have agreement that the service
>> URN is the long term target, we can start work on that at least.  There
>> was a suggestion, for example, to more widely circulate the proposal
>> outside of ecrit to gather comments.
>>
>> Brian
>>
>> _______________________________________________
>> Ecrit mailing list
>> Ecrit@ietf.org
>> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ecrit
>>
> 

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By the way, there is already a service URI scheme, which is associated
with RFC2165 (according to http://www.iana.org/assignments/uri-schemes).
While it is up to the urn-nid list to decide whether having a urn:service
NID and a service scheme is too confusing, we may wish to avoid the
heartburn by picking a different NID.
			regards,
				Ted

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2165 seems to be rather rarely used these days, so I'm not convinced 
that we need to steer clear of this.

Ted Hardie wrote:
> By the way, there is already a service URI scheme, which is associated
> with RFC2165 (according to http://www.iana.org/assignments/uri-schemes).
> While it is up to the urn-nid list to decide whether having a urn:service
> NID and a service scheme is too confusing, we may wish to avoid the
> heartburn by picking a different NID.
> 			regards,
> 				Ted

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From: "Brian Rosen" <br@brianrosen.net>
To: "'Roger Marshall'" <RMarshall@telecomsys.com>, <ecrit@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [Ecrit] NENA Comments on draft-ietf-ecrit-requirements-00
	-Alternate Routes
Date: Tue, 8 Nov 2005 21:49:35 -0500
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Consider adding the following paragraph to the introductory text on =
mapping:

Ideally, the mapping protocol would yield a URI which would allow an
emergency call to be completed on the Internet.  However, not all PSAPs =
may
have IP based connectivity.  Thus the URI scheme cannot be fixed, and in
fact may end up being a tel uri to allow calls to be completed on the =
PSTN.

________________________________________
From: Roger Marshall [mailto:RMarshall@telecomsys.com]=20
Sent: Tuesday, October 18, 2005 4:50 PM
To: br@brianrosen.net; ecrit@ietf.org
Subject: RE: [Ecrit] NENA Comments on draft-ietf-ecrit-requirements-00
-Alternate Routes

Brian:
Please send proposed requirements=A0text which addresses=A0NENA's =
concerns.=A0 It
may also be helpful to provide examples of the different levels of =
"default
routing" and how this might be represented within the messaging (after =
the
mapping result is returned to the mapping client).
=A0
Roger Marshall.

________________________________________
From: ecrit-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:ecrit-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf =
Of
Brian Rosen
Sent: Tuesday, October 18, 2005 11:58 AM
To: ecrit@ietf.org
Subject: [Ecrit] NENA Comments on draft-ietf-ecrit-requirements-00
-Alternate Routes
More comments from NENA:

In our requirement 3.4-4, we said, Mechanisms must be provided to route
emergency calls in areas not served by E9-1-1 to an appropriate PSTN
telephone number.=A0 I31 is related to this, but doesn=92t cover it =
adequately
we feel.=A0 One way to improve it would be to use a tel uri with an =
e.164 as
an example.=20

The issue of =93default routing=94 must be covered in the =
requirements.=A0 This
occurs when less than complete information or inconsistent information =
is
provided (for example, good community name, but bad street name).=A0 In =
these
cases, some entity must determine a route.=A0 In general, there is a =
=93default=94
route for levels of the address hierarchy when data below that level is
missing or inaccurate.=A0 Generally, this is a =93longest prefix =
match=94
problem.=A0 The mapping function could do this itself, or it could =
accept a
less than complete query (no data below city name for example), and =
return a
mapping, pushing the error resolution process back to the entity =
requesting
mapping.=A0 We would prefer that the mapping function return a valid =
default
mapping if partial data is provided or data is inconsistent.=A0 There =
are
similar mechanisms needed for geo routing.=A0 As a separate requirement, =
it is
important that somehow, the destination know that default routing was =
used.
=A0This implies that the mapping result includes some kind of flag that
default routing was used, and that flag can be propagated downstream.

Requirement I31b: The mapping protocol MUST be able to return a URI or
contact method explicitly marked as an alternate contact does not =
adequately
address our requirement 3.6-19: Multiple types of failures may have
different contingency routes.



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From: Andrew Newton <andy@hxr.us>
Subject: Re: [Ecrit] Location-by-value requirement
Date: Tue, 8 Nov 2005 22:25:46 -0500
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On Nov 8, 2005, at 5:29 PM, Winterbottom, James wrote:

> "LCMS queries MUST NOT provide any means for the mapping service to
> associate location with user or host identity. To this end, only
> location by-value is to be used as this negates the requirement for  
> the
> LCMS mapper to adhere to RFC-3693."

Host identity?  Is the source IP address of the seeker not a host  
identity in this context?

-andy

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From: "Winterbottom, James" <James.Winterbottom@andrew.com>
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Subject: RE: [Ecrit] Location-by-value requirement
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To be clear, the identity or IP address of the thing at the location.


> -----Original Message-----
> From: Andrew Newton [mailto:andy@hxr.us]
> Sent: Wednesday, 9 November 2005 2:26 PM
> To: Winterbottom, James
> Cc: Marc Linsner; ecrit@ietf.org
> Subject: Re: [Ecrit] Location-by-value requirement
>=20
>=20
> On Nov 8, 2005, at 5:29 PM, Winterbottom, James wrote:
>=20
> > "LCMS queries MUST NOT provide any means for the mapping service to
> > associate location with user or host identity. To this end, only
> > location by-value is to be used as this negates the requirement for
> > the
> > LCMS mapper to adhere to RFC-3693."
>=20
> Host identity?  Is the source IP address of the seeker not a host
> identity in this context?
>=20
> -andy

---------------------------------------------------------------------------=
---------------------
This message is for the designated recipient only and may
contain privileged, proprietary, or otherwise private information. =20
If you have received it in error, please notify the sender
immediately and delete the original.  Any unauthorized use of
this email is prohibited.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------=
---------------------
[mf2]

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From ecrit-bounces@ietf.org Wed Nov 09 09:25:41 2005
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From: "Marc Linsner" <mlinsner@cisco.com>
To: "'Winterbottom, James'" <James.Winterbottom@andrew.com>,
	"'Andrew Newton'" <andy@hxr.us>
Subject: RE: [Ecrit] Location-by-value requirement
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James,

It is implied that the source address of a LCMS query may (or may not) be
the IP address of the target.  I'm not sure this is avoidable.

I do agree that the query itself should not have target IP address or user
identity contained within it.

Is this what you are wanting?

-Marc-  

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Winterbottom, James [mailto:James.Winterbottom@andrew.com] 
> Sent: Wednesday, November 09, 2005 12:51 AM
> To: Andrew Newton
> Cc: Marc Linsner; ecrit@ietf.org
> Subject: RE: [Ecrit] Location-by-value requirement
> 
> To be clear, the identity or IP address of the thing at the location.
> 
> 
> > -----Original Message-----
> > From: Andrew Newton [mailto:andy@hxr.us]
> > Sent: Wednesday, 9 November 2005 2:26 PM
> > To: Winterbottom, James
> > Cc: Marc Linsner; ecrit@ietf.org
> > Subject: Re: [Ecrit] Location-by-value requirement
> > 
> > 
> > On Nov 8, 2005, at 5:29 PM, Winterbottom, James wrote:
> > 
> > > "LCMS queries MUST NOT provide any means for the mapping 
> service to 
> > > associate location with user or host identity. To this end, only 
> > > location by-value is to be used as this negates the 
> requirement for 
> > > the LCMS mapper to adhere to RFC-3693."
> > 
> > Host identity?  Is the source IP address of the seeker not a host 
> > identity in this context?
> > 
> > -andy
> 
> --------------------------------------------------------------
> ----------------------------------
> This message is for the designated recipient only and may 
> contain privileged, proprietary, or otherwise private information.  
> If you have received it in error, please notify the sender 
> immediately and delete the original.  Any unauthorized use of 
> this email is prohibited.
> --------------------------------------------------------------
> ----------------------------------
> [mf2]

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Subject: RE: [Ecrit] NENA Comments on draft-ietf-ecrit-requirements-00
	-Alternate Routes
Date: Wed, 9 Nov 2005 10:20:53 -0800
Message-ID: <8C837214C95C864C9F34F3635C2A65750388A22A@SEA-EXCHVS-2.telecomsys.com>
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	-Alternate Routes
Thread-Index: AcXUFeX8wpzsAP7sT7O87+dhkPMmoAADXQAgBC0wMeAAIH0gEA==
From: "Roger Marshall" <RMarshall@telecomsys.com>
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I've added this to the issue tracker as #28.  =
http://www.ietf-ecrit.org:8080/ecrit-req/

Roger Marshall=20

>-----Original Message-----
>From: Brian Rosen [mailto:br@brianrosen.net]=20
>Sent: Tuesday, November 08, 2005 6:50 PM
>To: Roger Marshall; ecrit@ietf.org
>Subject: RE: [Ecrit] NENA Comments on=20
>draft-ietf-ecrit-requirements-00 -Alternate Routes
>
>Consider adding the following paragraph to the introductory=20
>text on mapping:
>
>Ideally, the mapping protocol would yield a URI which would=20
>allow an emergency call to be completed on the Internet. =20
>However, not all PSAPs may have IP based connectivity.  Thus=20
>the URI scheme cannot be fixed, and in fact may end up being a=20
>tel uri to allow calls to be completed on the PSTN.
>
>________________________________________
>From: Roger Marshall [mailto:RMarshall@telecomsys.com]
>Sent: Tuesday, October 18, 2005 4:50 PM
>To: br@brianrosen.net; ecrit@ietf.org
>Subject: RE: [Ecrit] NENA Comments on=20
>draft-ietf-ecrit-requirements-00 -Alternate Routes
>
>Brian:
>Please send proposed requirements=A0text which addresses=A0NENA's=20
>concerns.=A0 It may also be helpful to provide examples of the=20
>different levels of "default routing" and how this might be=20
>represented within the messaging (after the mapping result is=20
>returned to the mapping client).
>=A0
>Roger Marshall.
>
>________________________________________
>From: ecrit-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:ecrit-bounces@ietf.org]=20
>On Behalf Of Brian Rosen
>Sent: Tuesday, October 18, 2005 11:58 AM
>To: ecrit@ietf.org
>Subject: [Ecrit] NENA Comments on=20
>draft-ietf-ecrit-requirements-00 -Alternate Routes More=20
>comments from NENA:
>
>In our requirement 3.4-4, we said, Mechanisms must be provided=20
>to route emergency calls in areas not served by E9-1-1 to an=20
>appropriate PSTN telephone number.=A0 I31 is related to this,=20
>but doesn't cover it adequately we feel.=A0 One way to improve=20
>it would be to use a tel uri with an e.164 as an example.=20
>
>The issue of "default routing" must be covered in the=20
>requirements.=A0 This occurs when less than complete information=20
>or inconsistent information is provided (for example, good=20
>community name, but bad street name).=A0 In these cases, some=20
>entity must determine a route.=A0 In general, there is a "default"
>route for levels of the address hierarchy when data below that=20
>level is missing or inaccurate.=A0 Generally, this is a "longest=20
>prefix match"
>problem.=A0 The mapping function could do this itself, or it=20
>could accept a less than complete query (no data below city=20
>name for example), and return a mapping, pushing the error=20
>resolution process back to the entity requesting mapping.=A0 We=20
>would prefer that the mapping function return a valid default=20
>mapping if partial data is provided or data is inconsistent.=A0=20
>There are similar mechanisms needed for geo routing.=A0 As a=20
>separate requirement, it is important that somehow, the=20
>destination know that default routing was used.
>=A0This implies that the mapping result includes some kind of=20
>flag that default routing was used, and that flag can be=20
>propagated downstream.
>
>Requirement I31b: The mapping protocol MUST be able to return=20
>a URI or contact method explicitly marked as an alternate=20
>contact does not adequately address our requirement 3.6-19:=20
>Multiple types of failures may have different contingency routes.
>
>
>

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From ecrit-bounces@ietf.org Wed Nov 09 22:23:07 2005
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hi all,

you might have noticed that the ecrit meeting slides are already 
available at:
https://onsite.ietf.org/public/meeting_materials.cgi?meeting_num=64

ciao
hannes


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From ecrit-bounces@ietf.org Sun Nov 13 06:41:17 2005
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since I've told Hannes that I'd been playing around with PostGis and 
Austrian calling area objetcs, he asked me to do a check as to what 
sizes these are - to get a ballpark figure.

Note these are calling areas, not service areas of emergency 
operators, but the order of the problem should be similiar. I will 
try to obtain more relevant shapefiles for communities and police 
service areas and repeat the stats on these.

Austria has:
- 1022 calling areas
- about 2400 communities (smallest granularity of service area - fire brigade)
- about 42 police service areas (largest granularity)

these figures are only on the calling areas.

avergae number of points: 271, ranging from 24..1941 points
average GML object size: 9314 bytes, ranging from 938..65710 bytes
average area covered: 98 km2, ranging from 8.5 to 618 km2
average number of points per km2: 3.3, ranging from 0.3..15

without having the real data yet, I'd say this isnt terribly 
significant yet, but I'd guess the objects for firebrigade service 
areas to be on the small end of these ranges, while the police 
calling areas could well be double the size on the high end.

-Michael
http://mah.priv.at/gis/43-callingarea-postgis.html


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From ecrit-bounces@ietf.org Thu Nov 17 10:11:25 2005
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Date: Thu, 17 Nov 2005 10:10:39 -0500
From: "Tom-PT Taylor" <taylor@nortel.com>
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We talked ourselves to a standstill in the meeting when discussing 
security issues.  The fundamental problem is this:

   -- the system has to accept all calls because they could be real 
emergencies;

   -- even without internet access, the system receives a high volume of 
false alarms.  A newspaper article in the Ottawa Citizen today reflects 
an attempt by local authorities to educate people so they will treat 
their 911 service more seriously.  People will be able to visit the PSAP 
on Nov. 29 to hear the crazy calls that come in.  "Probably five to nine 
percent are legitimate police emergencies, or calls requiring police 
response.  The rest of them are generally requests for information, or 
misdials."

It seems to me we can respond by setting two kinds of requirement for 
the call routing system:

   (1) Ensure that it provides all the information that could possibly 
be useful in automated analysis of incoming calls, so that questionable 
calls can at least be flagged when they are presented to the call taker.

   (2) Build robustness into the call routing system.  For example, 
ensure that components of the routing system can shed load intelligently 
(i.e. perform triage based on call data) when subjected to volumes of 
traffic beyond what they can handle.


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From ecrit-bounces@ietf.org Thu Nov 17 13:14:19 2005
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Subject: RE: [Ecrit] E911 security issues
Date: Thu, 17 Nov 2005 13:13:53 -0500
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Thread-Topic: [Ecrit] E911 security issues
Thread-Index: AcXrijqpO0ekd9dATaG6VBYJnAjquwAF4ErQ
From: "Michael Hammer \(mhammer\)" <mhammer@cisco.com>
To: "Tom-PT Taylor" <taylor@nortel.com>, <ecrit@ietf.org>
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Tom,

You could provide some means of assessing a penalty ($) to calls that do
not rise to the level of what the responders would consider an emergency
such that users would think twice the next time.  But, that would also
require some clear guidelines from authorities to make it stick.  (For
example, does a call to report a traffic light outage at a dangerous
intersection with near-hits occurring count, or do you need to wait for
an accident?)

However, the criteria that the below text suggests is beyond the level
of current technology.  You need a human to do triage.

Do you rate subsequent calls from a given location area as false alarms
because of a cry wolf syndrome, or do you rate them as more likely true
alarms because it is a high crime rate area.  What is your measurement?

Mike


> -----Original Message-----
> From: ecrit-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:ecrit-bounces@ietf.org]=20
> On Behalf Of Tom-PT Taylor
> Sent: Thursday, November 17, 2005 10:11 AM
> To: ecrit@ietf.org
> Subject: [Ecrit] E911 security issues
>=20
> We talked ourselves to a standstill in the meeting when=20
> discussing security issues.  The fundamental problem is this:
>=20
>    -- the system has to accept all calls because they could=20
> be real emergencies;
>=20
>    -- even without internet access, the system receives a=20
> high volume of false alarms.  A newspaper article in the=20
> Ottawa Citizen today reflects an attempt by local authorities=20
> to educate people so they will treat their 911 service more=20
> seriously.  People will be able to visit the PSAP on Nov. 29=20
> to hear the crazy calls that come in.  "Probably five to nine=20
> percent are legitimate police emergencies, or calls requiring=20
> police response.  The rest of them are generally requests for=20
> information, or misdials."
>=20
> It seems to me we can respond by setting two kinds of=20
> requirement for the call routing system:
>=20
>    (1) Ensure that it provides all the information that could=20
> possibly be useful in automated analysis of incoming calls,=20
> so that questionable calls can at least be flagged when they=20
> are presented to the call taker.
>=20
>    (2) Build robustness into the call routing system.  For=20
> example, ensure that components of the routing system can=20
> shed load intelligently (i.e. perform triage based on call=20
> data) when subjected to volumes of traffic beyond what they=20
> can handle.
>=20
>=20
> _______________________________________________
> Ecrit mailing list
> Ecrit@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ecrit
>=20

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From ecrit-bounces@ietf.org Thu Nov 17 13:32:10 2005
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In some jurisdictions, you will get fined if your home alarm system 
causes too many false alarms. I think we're now well beyond protocol and 
systems issues into operational issues. I'm guessing that most PSAPs 
don't want to fine 6-year olds that accidentally dial 911.

Michael Hammer (mhammer) wrote:
> Tom,
> 
> You could provide some means of assessing a penalty ($) to calls that do
> not rise to the level of what the responders would consider an emergency
> such that users would think twice the next time.  But, that would also
> require some clear guidelines from authorities to make it stick.  (For
> example, does a call to report a traffic light outage at a dangerous
> intersection with near-hits occurring count, or do you need to wait for
> an accident?)
> 
> However, the criteria that the below text suggests is beyond the level
> of current technology.  You need a human to do triage.
> 
> Do you rate subsequent calls from a given location area as false alarms
> because of a cry wolf syndrome, or do you rate them as more likely true
> alarms because it is a high crime rate area.  What is your measurement?
> 
> Mike
> 
> 
> 
>>-----Original Message-----
>>From: ecrit-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:ecrit-bounces@ietf.org] 
>>On Behalf Of Tom-PT Taylor
>>Sent: Thursday, November 17, 2005 10:11 AM
>>To: ecrit@ietf.org
>>Subject: [Ecrit] E911 security issues
>>
>>We talked ourselves to a standstill in the meeting when 
>>discussing security issues.  The fundamental problem is this:
>>
>>   -- the system has to accept all calls because they could 
>>be real emergencies;
>>
>>   -- even without internet access, the system receives a 
>>high volume of false alarms.  A newspaper article in the 
>>Ottawa Citizen today reflects an attempt by local authorities 
>>to educate people so they will treat their 911 service more 
>>seriously.  People will be able to visit the PSAP on Nov. 29 
>>to hear the crazy calls that come in.  "Probably five to nine 
>>percent are legitimate police emergencies, or calls requiring 
>>police response.  The rest of them are generally requests for 
>>information, or misdials."
>>
>>It seems to me we can respond by setting two kinds of 
>>requirement for the call routing system:
>>
>>   (1) Ensure that it provides all the information that could 
>>possibly be useful in automated analysis of incoming calls, 
>>so that questionable calls can at least be flagged when they 
>>are presented to the call taker.
>>
>>   (2) Build robustness into the call routing system.  For 
>>example, ensure that components of the routing system can 
>>shed load intelligently (i.e. perform triage based on call 
>>data) when subjected to volumes of traffic beyond what they 
>>can handle.
>>
>>
>>_______________________________________________
>>Ecrit mailing list
>>Ecrit@ietf.org
>>https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ecrit
>>
> 
> 
> _______________________________________________
> Ecrit mailing list
> Ecrit@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ecrit

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Subject: RE: [Ecrit] E911 security issues
Date: Thu, 17 Nov 2005 13:39:07 -0500
Message-ID: <072C5B76F7CEAB488172C6F64B30B5E3C70030@xmb-rtp-20b.amer.cisco.com>
Thread-Topic: [Ecrit] E911 security issues
Thread-Index: AcXrpTrh9OgShai+Rq+xTW0jGJwCoAAAMb/w
From: "Michael Hammer \(mhammer\)" <mhammer@cisco.com>
To: "Henning Schulzrinne" <hgs@cs.columbia.edu>
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Agree.  I am in such an area.

BTW, 6-year-olds don't pay fines, their parents do.  Nor do puppies that
set off motion detectors.  Again, I know from experience. :)

Mike=20

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Henning Schulzrinne [mailto:hgs@cs.columbia.edu]=20
> Sent: Thursday, November 17, 2005 1:30 PM
> To: Michael Hammer (mhammer)
> Cc: Tom-PT Taylor; ecrit@ietf.org
> Subject: Re: [Ecrit] E911 security issues
>=20
> In some jurisdictions, you will get fined if your home alarm=20
> system causes too many false alarms. I think we're now well=20
> beyond protocol and systems issues into operational issues.=20
> I'm guessing that most PSAPs don't want to fine 6-year olds=20
> that accidentally dial 911.
>=20
> Michael Hammer (mhammer) wrote:
> > Tom,
> >=20
> > You could provide some means of assessing a penalty ($) to=20
> calls that=20
> > do not rise to the level of what the responders would consider an=20
> > emergency such that users would think twice the next time. =20
> But, that=20
> > would also require some clear guidelines from authorities=20
> to make it=20
> > stick.  (For example, does a call to report a traffic light=20
> outage at=20
> > a dangerous intersection with near-hits occurring count, or do you=20
> > need to wait for an accident?)
> >=20
> > However, the criteria that the below text suggests is=20
> beyond the level=20
> > of current technology.  You need a human to do triage.
> >=20
> > Do you rate subsequent calls from a given location area as false=20
> > alarms because of a cry wolf syndrome, or do you rate them as more=20
> > likely true alarms because it is a high crime rate area. =20
> What is your measurement?
> >=20
> > Mike
> >=20
> >=20
> >=20
> >>-----Original Message-----
> >>From: ecrit-bounces@ietf.org=20
> [mailto:ecrit-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf=20
> >>Of Tom-PT Taylor
> >>Sent: Thursday, November 17, 2005 10:11 AM
> >>To: ecrit@ietf.org
> >>Subject: [Ecrit] E911 security issues
> >>
> >>We talked ourselves to a standstill in the meeting when discussing=20
> >>security issues.  The fundamental problem is this:
> >>
> >>   -- the system has to accept all calls because they could be real=20
> >>emergencies;
> >>
> >>   -- even without internet access, the system receives a=20
> high volume=20
> >>of false alarms.  A newspaper article in the Ottawa Citizen today=20
> >>reflects an attempt by local authorities to educate people so they=20
> >>will treat their 911 service more seriously.  People will=20
> be able to=20
> >>visit the PSAP on Nov. 29 to hear the crazy calls that come in. =20
> >>"Probably five to nine percent are legitimate police=20
> emergencies, or=20
> >>calls requiring police response.  The rest of them are generally=20
> >>requests for information, or misdials."
> >>
> >>It seems to me we can respond by setting two kinds of=20
> requirement for=20
> >>the call routing system:
> >>
> >>   (1) Ensure that it provides all the information that=20
> could possibly=20
> >>be useful in automated analysis of incoming calls, so that=20
> >>questionable calls can at least be flagged when they are=20
> presented to=20
> >>the call taker.
> >>
> >>   (2) Build robustness into the call routing system.  For example,=20
> >>ensure that components of the routing system can shed load=20
> >>intelligently (i.e. perform triage based on call
> >>data) when subjected to volumes of traffic beyond what they can=20
> >>handle.
> >>
> >>
> >>_______________________________________________
> >>Ecrit mailing list
> >>Ecrit@ietf.org
> >>https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ecrit
> >>
> >=20
> >=20
> > _______________________________________________
> > Ecrit mailing list
> > Ecrit@ietf.org
> > https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ecrit
>=20

_______________________________________________
Ecrit mailing list
Ecrit@ietf.org
https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ecrit



From ecrit-bounces@ietf.org Mon Nov 21 07:34:24 2005
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Subject: RE: [Ecrit] E911 security issues
Date: Mon, 21 Nov 2005 12:33:59 -0000
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Mike, Henning

The issue of fines or criminal prosecution for misuse of emergency
sessions/calls is a matter for the regulatory authority of the region
where the session/call is made. This will be different for every area
e.g. in the uk it is very unusual for an alarm to involve the emergency
PSAP as they are either directly connected to the emergency service
(fire / police / ambulance) required or via a third party security
service which contact the PSAP emergency services after the alarm has
been verified.=20

A problem with the traffic lights signalling is not a real issue for the
Emergency services, but the signals could be directly connected to the
authority that deals with traffic along with any road cameras etc. This
point could then be directly connected to the PSAP, or could raise the
alarm with the emergency services directly?

However Tom's email does raise a number of points that needs to be taken
into account when designing the emergency service communication services
security capabilities:-

1:	A 6 year old or younger must be able to use the emergency
communications services (how many times is it reported that some small
kid saved a parent by phoning 999/911/112 saying they can't wake
mummy/daddy). In other words every device available to the 6 year old to
be able to make an emergency communication has to have little or no user
authorisation (passwords pins etc.) to be useful.

2:	I can also confirm that the report from Tom that the 5% - 9% of
calls reaching a PSAP are genuine emergency calls is not unusual so the
two requirements from Tom for the call routeing system need to be
examined (1) fully agree that all information is made available to
emergency calls/sessions and a flag raised against any possible
questionable calls. The confirmation of a questionable emergency
call/session can only be done by the PSAP operator I cannot see this
being automated as yet (I could be wrong here?) (2) The robustness by
shedding load intelligently I don't know what this means, (i) all
flagged calls/sessions shed (even if not sure they are genuine emergency
calls/sessions) (ii) A last in first shed basis (iii) a system based
upon a region/area blocking so that all calls from a part of a motorway
are blocked if a major incident occurs which may block a emergency not
connected to the incident. If these three examples are what is meant by
shedding load intelligently then perhaps they can go into the document
but a warning needs to be added that they are subject to
regulatory/legal and network restraints.

Regards

Steve



-----Original Message-----
From: ecrit-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:ecrit-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf
Of Michael Hammer (mhammer)
Sent: 17 November 2005 18:39
To: Henning Schulzrinne
Cc: ecrit@ietf.org
Subject: RE: [Ecrit] E911 security issues


Agree.  I am in such an area.

BTW, 6-year-olds don't pay fines, their parents do.  Nor do puppies that
set off motion detectors.  Again, I know from experience. :)

Mike=20

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Henning Schulzrinne [mailto:hgs@cs.columbia.edu]
> Sent: Thursday, November 17, 2005 1:30 PM
> To: Michael Hammer (mhammer)
> Cc: Tom-PT Taylor; ecrit@ietf.org
> Subject: Re: [Ecrit] E911 security issues
>=20
> In some jurisdictions, you will get fined if your home alarm
> system causes too many false alarms. I think we're now well=20
> beyond protocol and systems issues into operational issues.=20
> I'm guessing that most PSAPs don't want to fine 6-year olds=20
> that accidentally dial 911.
>=20
> Michael Hammer (mhammer) wrote:
> > Tom,
> >=20
> > You could provide some means of assessing a penalty ($) to
> calls that
> > do not rise to the level of what the responders would consider an
> > emergency such that users would think twice the next time. =20
> But, that
> > would also require some clear guidelines from authorities
> to make it
> > stick.  (For example, does a call to report a traffic light
> outage at
> > a dangerous intersection with near-hits occurring count, or do you
> > need to wait for an accident?)
> >=20
> > However, the criteria that the below text suggests is
> beyond the level
> > of current technology.  You need a human to do triage.
> >=20
> > Do you rate subsequent calls from a given location area as false
> > alarms because of a cry wolf syndrome, or do you rate them as more=20
> > likely true alarms because it is a high crime rate area. =20
> What is your measurement?
> >=20
> > Mike
> >=20
> >=20
> >=20
> >>-----Original Message-----
> >>From: ecrit-bounces@ietf.org
> [mailto:ecrit-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf
> >>Of Tom-PT Taylor
> >>Sent: Thursday, November 17, 2005 10:11 AM
> >>To: ecrit@ietf.org
> >>Subject: [Ecrit] E911 security issues
> >>
> >>We talked ourselves to a standstill in the meeting when discussing
> >>security issues.  The fundamental problem is this:
> >>
> >>   -- the system has to accept all calls because they could be real
> >>emergencies;
> >>
> >>   -- even without internet access, the system receives a
> high volume
> >>of false alarms.  A newspaper article in the Ottawa Citizen today
> >>reflects an attempt by local authorities to educate people so they=20
> >>will treat their 911 service more seriously.  People will=20
> be able to
> >>visit the PSAP on Nov. 29 to hear the crazy calls that come in.
> >>"Probably five to nine percent are legitimate police=20
> emergencies, or
> >>calls requiring police response.  The rest of them are generally
> >>requests for information, or misdials."
> >>
> >>It seems to me we can respond by setting two kinds of
> requirement for
> >>the call routing system:
> >>
> >>   (1) Ensure that it provides all the information that
> could possibly
> >>be useful in automated analysis of incoming calls, so that
> >>questionable calls can at least be flagged when they are=20
> presented to
> >>the call taker.
> >>
> >>   (2) Build robustness into the call routing system.  For example,
> >>ensure that components of the routing system can shed load=20
> >>intelligently (i.e. perform triage based on call
> >>data) when subjected to volumes of traffic beyond what they can=20
> >>handle.
> >>
> >>
> >>_______________________________________________
> >>Ecrit mailing list
> >>Ecrit@ietf.org
> >>https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ecrit
> >>
> >=20
> >=20
> > _______________________________________________
> > Ecrit mailing list
> > Ecrit@ietf.org
> > https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ecrit
>=20

_______________________________________________
Ecrit mailing list
Ecrit@ietf.org
https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ecrit

_______________________________________________
Ecrit mailing list
Ecrit@ietf.org
https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ecrit



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Load shedding is, of course, something to avoid if at all possible, and 
obviously something to avoid unless there is no choice.  What I had in 
mind was particularly your third alternative below.  Obviously it is 
better to queue calls with a display of relevant information so 
call-takers can do the sorting.

steve.norreys@bt.com wrote:
...

> 
...

  (2) The robustness by
> shedding load intelligently I don't know what this means, (i) all
> flagged calls/sessions shed (even if not sure they are genuine emergency
> calls/sessions) (ii) A last in first shed basis (iii) a system based
> upon a region/area blocking so that all calls from a part of a motorway
> are blocked if a major incident occurs which may block a emergency not
> connected to the incident. If these three examples are what is meant by
> shedding load intelligently then perhaps they can go into the document
> but a warning needs to be added that they are subject to
> regulatory/legal and network restraints.
> 
> Regards
> 
> Steve
> 


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Ecrit mailing list
Ecrit@ietf.org
https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ecrit



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From: Nate Wilcox <ngwilcox@gmail.com>
To: Tom-PT Taylor <taylor@nortel.com>
Subject: Re: [Ecrit] E911 security issues
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Tom,
 You stated:
 " (1) Ensure that it provides all the information that could possibly be
useful in automated analysis of incoming calls, so that questionable calls
can at least be flagged when they are presented to the call taker."
 Could you elaborate on how this automated analysis "could" work?
 Nate Wilcox
802.748.5503

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<div>Tom,</div>
<div>&nbsp;</div>
<div>You stated: </div>
<div>&nbsp;</div>
<div>&quot;&nbsp;(1) Ensure that it provides all the information that could=
 possibly be useful in automated analysis of incoming calls, so that questi=
onable calls can at least be flagged when they are presented to the call ta=
ker.&quot;
</div>
<div>&nbsp;</div>
<div>Could you elaborate on how this automated analysis &quot;could&quot; w=
ork?<br>&nbsp;</div>
<div>Nate Wilcox</div>
<div>802.748.5503</div>

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_______________________________________________
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From ecrit-bounces@ietf.org Mon Nov 21 16:41:31 2005
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To: Nate Wilcox <ngwilcox@gmail.com>
Subject: Re: [Ecrit] E911 security issues
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	<181f29c0511211026j4473f685g21d2e89d3edaaebb@mail.gmail.com>
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Obvious criteria are no location in signalling, location in signalling 
not in PSAP jurisdictional area, no authenticated identity.

Getting more sophisticated, it might or might not be worthwhile to 
identify repeated calls from the same caller or address within the last 
24 hours.  Depending on how high the flagging threshold is, repeated 
calls may increase call priority or, past a certain point which should 
be set high enough, be a fairly clear sign of misuse.

Nate Wilcox wrote:
> Tom,
>  You stated:
>  " (1) Ensure that it provides all the information that could possibly be
> useful in automated analysis of incoming calls, so that questionable calls
> can at least be flagged when they are presented to the call taker."
>  Could you elaborate on how this automated analysis "could" work?
>  Nate Wilcox
> 802.748.5503
> 


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From ecrit-bounces@ietf.org Mon Nov 21 17:53:29 2005
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From: "Winterbottom, James" <James.Winterbottom@andrew.com>
To: "Tom-PT Taylor" <taylor@nortel.com>, "Nate Wilcox" <ngwilcox@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 21 Nov 2005 16:53:15 -0600
Subject: RE: [Ecrit] E911 security issues
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Tom,

To be clear are you expecting these data to be measured and maintained
by a proxy making use of an LCMS or the such like, for example a
call-server of some sort? If so I understand how you might keep them,
but I am not sure how you would convey this data to the PSPA gateway
proxy except by possibly introducing a new SIP header or the like *runs
for cover*.

I guess I am not sure how you would maintain this information in the
case where the client went straight to an LCMS and determined the
destination itself. I think that there is a clear difference here, and
we probably need to make the two scenarios obvious in terms of what
options and safe guards can be taken.

Cheers
James


> -----Original Message-----
> From: ecrit-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:ecrit-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf
Of
> Tom-PT Taylor
> Sent: Tuesday, 22 November 2005 8:41 AM
> To: Nate Wilcox
> Cc: ecrit@ietf.org
> Subject: Re: [Ecrit] E911 security issues
>=20
> Obvious criteria are no location in signalling, location in signalling
> not in PSAP jurisdictional area, no authenticated identity.
>=20
> Getting more sophisticated, it might or might not be worthwhile to
> identify repeated calls from the same caller or address within the
last
> 24 hours.  Depending on how high the flagging threshold is, repeated
> calls may increase call priority or, past a certain point which should
> be set high enough, be a fairly clear sign of misuse.
>=20
> Nate Wilcox wrote:
> > Tom,
> >  You stated:
> >  " (1) Ensure that it provides all the information that could
possibly
> be
> > useful in automated analysis of incoming calls, so that questionable
> calls
> > can at least be flagged when they are presented to the call taker."
> >  Could you elaborate on how this automated analysis "could" work?
> >  Nate Wilcox
> > 802.748.5503
> >
>=20
>=20
> _______________________________________________
> Ecrit mailing list
> Ecrit@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ecrit

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From ecrit-bounces@ietf.org Mon Nov 21 18:11:16 2005
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Date: Mon, 21 Nov 2005 18:09:38 -0500
From: Henning Schulzrinne <hgs@cs.columbia.edu>
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Subject: Re: [Ecrit] E911 security issues
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My assumption would be that the proxy serving the PSAP or a group of 
PSAPs would tabulate this information and then label calls based on 
their probability of being inadvertent, malicious or otherwise suspect.

Labeling can be done in any number of ways, from something simple like a 
request URI like

sip:psap-suspicious@psap.state.gov

to a new P- header. This information is only used within a single trust 
domain, so it doesn't have to be standardized. This is not fundamentally 
different from the various spam filter headers that email MTAs add to 
messages today, without great difficulty. Maybe later, we'll develop 
general content labeling headers for spam/spit control and this work 
might apply here as well.

Henning


Winterbottom, James wrote:
> Tom,
> 
> To be clear are you expecting these data to be measured and maintained
> by a proxy making use of an LCMS or the such like, for example a
> call-server of some sort? If so I understand how you might keep them,
> but I am not sure how you would convey this data to the PSPA gateway
> proxy except by possibly introducing a new SIP header or the like *runs
> for cover*.
> 
> I guess I am not sure how you would maintain this information in the
> case where the client went straight to an LCMS and determined the
> destination itself. I think that there is a clear difference here, and
> we probably need to make the two scenarios obvious in terms of what
> options and safe guards can be taken.
> 
> Cheers
> James
> 
> 
> 
>>-----Original Message-----
>>From: ecrit-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:ecrit-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf
> 
> Of
> 
>>Tom-PT Taylor
>>Sent: Tuesday, 22 November 2005 8:41 AM
>>To: Nate Wilcox
>>Cc: ecrit@ietf.org
>>Subject: Re: [Ecrit] E911 security issues
>>
>>Obvious criteria are no location in signalling, location in signalling
>>not in PSAP jurisdictional area, no authenticated identity.
>>
>>Getting more sophisticated, it might or might not be worthwhile to
>>identify repeated calls from the same caller or address within the
> 
> last
> 
>>24 hours.  Depending on how high the flagging threshold is, repeated
>>calls may increase call priority or, past a certain point which should
>>be set high enough, be a fairly clear sign of misuse.
>>
>>Nate Wilcox wrote:
>>
>>>Tom,
>>> You stated:
>>> " (1) Ensure that it provides all the information that could
> 
> possibly
> 
>>be
>>
>>>useful in automated analysis of incoming calls, so that questionable
>>
>>calls
>>
>>>can at least be flagged when they are presented to the call taker."
>>> Could you elaborate on how this automated analysis "could" work?
>>> Nate Wilcox
>>>802.748.5503
>>>
>>
>>
>>_______________________________________________
>>Ecrit mailing list
>>Ecrit@ietf.org
>>https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ecrit
> 
> 
> ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
> This message is for the designated recipient only and may
> contain privileged, proprietary, or otherwise private information.  
> If you have received it in error, please notify the sender
> immediately and delete the original.  Any unauthorized use of
> this email is prohibited.
> ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
> [mf2]
> 
> _______________________________________________
> Ecrit mailing list
> Ecrit@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ecrit

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From ecrit-bounces@ietf.org Mon Nov 21 19:21:55 2005
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Subject: [Ecrit] Review of <draft-taylor-ecrit-security-threats-00.txt> by
 Steven Kent
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Hi all,

Steven Kent reviewed <draft-taylor-ecrit-security-threats-00.txt>. As 
part of his review he provided comments throughout the entire document 
(fixing language issues etc.). Finally, he concluded with the following 
statements:

------

Frankly, the document should be re-written from scratch, preferably
from a different perspective. I'd suggest the following format:

1. start with a brief description of all the steps and entities
involved in an emergency call. (maybe do this for the PSTN, the
extend to VoIP.)

2. discuss what the emergency call system relies on to function
correctly, e.g., in the absence of attacks, i.e., a correct/secure
operation model.

3. describe the threats model, i.e., classes of adversaries and their
motivations and capabilities.

4. now articulate security requirements, motivated by the threat
model and the correct/secure operation model.

5. maybe prioritize these requirements.

Do not discuss countermeasures in this document. put them in a
separate document. there are many places where the discussion of
countermeasures was vague or incomplete, and others where the
countermeasure description was technically wrong.

------

His review is quite tough but important. We should discuss it.

Here are my first response concerning his review:

ad 1) To some extend we provide a brief description of the involved 
entities in the requirements document (although only very brief). It 
might be useful to extend the description a bit (but i do not want to go 
into a description about the PSTN world).

ad 2) It might be possible to make some statements about the ideal world 
but i see difficulties doing this since emergency call handling is not 
an easy system to secure (from a deployment perspective). For example, 
we might want to state that the identity of the emergency caller should 
be authentic and the provided location is the "true" location. I am, 
however, not quite sure how far we could get with these types of 
statements.

ad 3) Regarding the threat model i thinmk it is possible to indicate 
what the impact of an adversary with regard to its location and its 
capabilities are. Since there are a number of protocols that are 
executed in sequence the task might be quite lengthy with a lot of 
repetition.

ad 4) This again might be quite difficult since the ideal requirements 
are most likely not accomplishable in a real-world environment. For 
example, authentication of the emergency caller towards the PSAP would 
be nice from a security point of view, easy to mandate in a 
specification but quite difficult to accomplish in  the real world. In 
some sense we have this functionality already in the SIP specification 
with the usage of end-to-end security mechanisms, such as S/MIME or 
MIKEY/SRTP (for media traffic) in case of SIP.

ad 5) It might be difficult to achieve a ranking since every one of us 
might have a different perception of the threat impacts.

Steven's concluding remark about not including any countermeasures 
sounds reasonable. In some sense we are then back where we came from, 
namely at:
http://www.ietf-ecrit.org/cache/draft-tschofenig-ecrit-security-threats-01.txt

Ciao
Hannes

ps: Steven's editorial review can be found at:
http://www.ietf-ecrit.org/TEMP/ecrit-security-threats-00.pdf


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From ecrit-bounces@ietf.org Mon Nov 21 19:53:34 2005
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	by Steven Kent
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I'll get to work on it.  Familiar ground to many of us!

Hannes Tschofenig wrote:
> Hi all,
> 
> Steven Kent reviewed <draft-taylor-ecrit-security-threats-00.txt>. As 
> part of his review he provided comments throughout the entire document 
> (fixing language issues etc.). Finally, he concluded with the following 
> statements:
> 
> ------
> 
> Frankly, the document should be re-written from scratch, preferably
> from a different perspective. I'd suggest the following format:
> 
> 1. start with a brief description of all the steps and entities
> involved in an emergency call. (maybe do this for the PSTN, the
> extend to VoIP.)
> 
> 2. discuss what the emergency call system relies on to function
> correctly, e.g., in the absence of attacks, i.e., a correct/secure
> operation model.
> 
> 3. describe the threats model, i.e., classes of adversaries and their
> motivations and capabilities.
> 
> 4. now articulate security requirements, motivated by the threat
> model and the correct/secure operation model.
> 
> 5. maybe prioritize these requirements.
> 
> Do not discuss countermeasures in this document. put them in a
> separate document. there are many places where the discussion of
> countermeasures was vague or incomplete, and others where the
> countermeasure description was technically wrong.
> 
> ------
> 
> His review is quite tough but important. We should discuss it.
> 
> Here are my first response concerning his review:
> 
> ad 1) To some extend we provide a brief description of the involved 
> entities in the requirements document (although only very brief). It 
> might be useful to extend the description a bit (but i do not want to go 
> into a description about the PSTN world).
> 
> ad 2) It might be possible to make some statements about the ideal world 
> but i see difficulties doing this since emergency call handling is not 
> an easy system to secure (from a deployment perspective). For example, 
> we might want to state that the identity of the emergency caller should 
> be authentic and the provided location is the "true" location. I am, 
> however, not quite sure how far we could get with these types of 
> statements.
> 
> ad 3) Regarding the threat model i thinmk it is possible to indicate 
> what the impact of an adversary with regard to its location and its 
> capabilities are. Since there are a number of protocols that are 
> executed in sequence the task might be quite lengthy with a lot of 
> repetition.
> 
> ad 4) This again might be quite difficult since the ideal requirements 
> are most likely not accomplishable in a real-world environment. For 
> example, authentication of the emergency caller towards the PSAP would 
> be nice from a security point of view, easy to mandate in a 
> specification but quite difficult to accomplish in  the real world. In 
> some sense we have this functionality already in the SIP specification 
> with the usage of end-to-end security mechanisms, such as S/MIME or 
> MIKEY/SRTP (for media traffic) in case of SIP.
> 
> ad 5) It might be difficult to achieve a ranking since every one of us 
> might have a different perception of the threat impacts.
> 
> Steven's concluding remark about not including any countermeasures 
> sounds reasonable. In some sense we are then back where we came from, 
> namely at:
> http://www.ietf-ecrit.org/cache/draft-tschofenig-ecrit-security-threats-01.txt 
> 
> 
> Ciao
> Hannes
> 
> ps: Steven's editorial review can be found at:
> http://www.ietf-ecrit.org/TEMP/ecrit-security-threats-00.pdf
> 
> 
> _______________________________________________
> Ecrit mailing list
> Ecrit@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ecrit
> 
> 


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From ecrit-bounces@ietf.org Tue Nov 22 08:30:39 2005
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Subject: AW: [Ecrit] Review of <draft-taylor-ecrit-security-threats-00.txt>by
	Steven Kent
Date: Tue, 22 Nov 2005 14:30:14 +0100
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	Steven Kent
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From: "Tschofenig, Hannes" <hannes.tschofenig@siemens.com>
To: "Tom-PT Taylor" <taylor@nortel.com>,
	"Hannes Tschofenig" <Hannes.Tschofenig@gmx.net>
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hi tom,=20

thanks for immediately showing interest to fix the problem. before you =
start your editing work we should get an idea what the right approach is =
to address steven's feedback.=20

ciao
hannes
=20

> -----Urspr=FCngliche Nachricht-----
> Von: ecrit-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:ecrit-bounces@ietf.org]=20
> Im Auftrag von Tom-PT Taylor
> Gesendet: Dienstag, 22. November 2005 01:53
> An: Hannes Tschofenig
> Cc: ecrit@ietf.org
> Betreff: Re: [Ecrit] Review of=20
> <draft-taylor-ecrit-security-threats-00.txt>by Steven Kent
>=20
> I'll get to work on it.  Familiar ground to many of us!
>=20
> Hannes Tschofenig wrote:
> > Hi all,
> >=20
> > Steven Kent reviewed=20
> <draft-taylor-ecrit-security-threats-00.txt>. As=20
> > part of his review he provided comments throughout the=20
> entire document=20
> > (fixing language issues etc.). Finally, he concluded with=20
> the following=20
> > statements:
> >=20
> > ------
> >=20
> > Frankly, the document should be re-written from scratch, preferably
> > from a different perspective. I'd suggest the following format:
> >=20
> > 1. start with a brief description of all the steps and entities
> > involved in an emergency call. (maybe do this for the PSTN, the
> > extend to VoIP.)
> >=20
> > 2. discuss what the emergency call system relies on to function
> > correctly, e.g., in the absence of attacks, i.e., a correct/secure
> > operation model.
> >=20
> > 3. describe the threats model, i.e., classes of adversaries=20
> and their
> > motivations and capabilities.
> >=20
> > 4. now articulate security requirements, motivated by the threat
> > model and the correct/secure operation model.
> >=20
> > 5. maybe prioritize these requirements.
> >=20
> > Do not discuss countermeasures in this document. put them in a
> > separate document. there are many places where the discussion of
> > countermeasures was vague or incomplete, and others where the
> > countermeasure description was technically wrong.
> >=20
> > ------
> >=20
> > His review is quite tough but important. We should discuss it.
> >=20
> > Here are my first response concerning his review:
> >=20
> > ad 1) To some extend we provide a brief description of the involved=20
> > entities in the requirements document (although only very=20
> brief). It=20
> > might be useful to extend the description a bit (but i do=20
> not want to go=20
> > into a description about the PSTN world).
> >=20
> > ad 2) It might be possible to make some statements about=20
> the ideal world=20
> > but i see difficulties doing this since emergency call=20
> handling is not=20
> > an easy system to secure (from a deployment perspective).=20
> For example,=20
> > we might want to state that the identity of the emergency=20
> caller should=20
> > be authentic and the provided location is the "true"=20
> location. I am,=20
> > however, not quite sure how far we could get with these types of=20
> > statements.
> >=20
> > ad 3) Regarding the threat model i thinmk it is possible to=20
> indicate=20
> > what the impact of an adversary with regard to its location and its=20
> > capabilities are. Since there are a number of protocols that are=20
> > executed in sequence the task might be quite lengthy with a lot of=20
> > repetition.
> >=20
> > ad 4) This again might be quite difficult since the ideal=20
> requirements=20
> > are most likely not accomplishable in a real-world environment. For=20
> > example, authentication of the emergency caller towards the=20
> PSAP would=20
> > be nice from a security point of view, easy to mandate in a=20
> > specification but quite difficult to accomplish in  the=20
> real world. In=20
> > some sense we have this functionality already in the SIP=20
> specification=20
> > with the usage of end-to-end security mechanisms, such as S/MIME or=20
> > MIKEY/SRTP (for media traffic) in case of SIP.
> >=20
> > ad 5) It might be difficult to achieve a ranking since=20
> every one of us=20
> > might have a different perception of the threat impacts.
> >=20
> > Steven's concluding remark about not including any countermeasures=20
> > sounds reasonable. In some sense we are then back where we=20
> came from,=20
> > namely at:
> >=20
> http://www.ietf-ecrit.org/cache/draft-tschofenig-ecrit-securit
> y-threats-01.txt=20
> >=20
> >=20
> > Ciao
> > Hannes
> >=20
> > ps: Steven's editorial review can be found at:
> > http://www.ietf-ecrit.org/TEMP/ecrit-security-threats-00.pdf
> >=20
> >=20
> > _______________________________________________
> > Ecrit mailing list
> > Ecrit@ietf.org
> > https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ecrit
> >=20
> >=20
>=20
>=20
> _______________________________________________
> Ecrit mailing list
> Ecrit@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ecrit
>=20

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From: Andrew Newton <andy@hxr.us>
Subject: Re: [Ecrit] Review of <draft-taylor-ecrit-security-threats-00.txt> by
	Steven Kent
Date: Tue, 22 Nov 2005 09:01:13 -0500
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On Nov 21, 2005, at 7:21 PM, Hannes Tschofenig wrote:
> Frankly, the document should be re-written from scratch, preferably
> from a different perspective. I'd suggest the following format:
>
> 1. start with a brief description of all the steps and entities
> involved in an emergency call. (maybe do this for the PSTN, the
> extend to VoIP.)
>
> 2. discuss what the emergency call system relies on to function
> correctly, e.g., in the absence of attacks, i.e., a correct/secure
> operation model.
>
> 3. describe the threats model, i.e., classes of adversaries and their
> motivations and capabilities.
>
> 4. now articulate security requirements, motivated by the threat
> model and the correct/secure operation model.
>
> 5. maybe prioritize these requirements.
>
> Do not discuss countermeasures in this document. put them in a
> separate document. there are many places where the discussion of
> countermeasures was vague or incomplete, and others where the
> countermeasure description was technically wrong.

I have to say that this does sound different than what he was  
describing at the microphone.

> ad 1) To some extend we provide a brief description of the involved  
> entities in the requirements document (although only very brief).  
> It might be useful to extend the description a bit (but i do not  
> want to go into a description about the PSTN world).

I'm not in favor of describing the PSTN as well, but if we know of a  
security issue that would affect the PSTN (such as the one discussed  
on this list), then we should include them.

> ad 2) It might be possible to make some statements about the ideal  
> world but i see difficulties doing this since emergency call  
> handling is not an easy system to secure (from a deployment  
> perspective). For example, we might want to state that the identity  
> of the emergency caller should be authentic and the provided  
> location is the "true" location. I am, however, not quite sure how  
> far we could get with these types of statements.

Even if there is no solution to a particular security threat, we  
ought to document it.

> ad 5) It might be difficult to achieve a ranking since every one of  
> us might have a different perception of the threat impacts.

Yeah, that's gonna be one long food fight.

-andy

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hi all,=20

please find a first version of the meeting minutes at:
http://www.ietf-ecrit.org/IETF64/meeting_minutes.txt

the slides can be found at:
http://www.ietf-ecrit.org/IETF64/

ciao
hannes

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